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STATE OF NEW YORK

THIRD ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

CONSERVATION COMMISSION

1913

DIVISIONS OF LANDS AND FORESTS
AND FISH AND GAME

ALBANY

J. B. LYON COMPANY, PRINTERS
1914 ° een

WTA aA

Toa
Pes

THIRD ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

CONSERVATION COMMISSION

ALBANY, N. Y., January 15, 1914,

Hon. Rozpert F. Waener, President of the Senate:

Herewith in pursuance to law we transmit to you the annual
report of the Conservation Commission for the fiscal year ending
September 30, 1913.

Respectfully yours,
CONSERVATION COMMISSION,
By GEORGE E. VAN KENNEN,

Chairman.

STATE OF NEW YORK

CONSERVATION COMMISSION

Grorce E. Vay Kennen, Ogdensburg
James W. Firemine, Troy:......... Commisstoners
JoHn D. Moors, New York........

Cuartes H. Jackson, Albany
Tromas Hy Guys Troy. 2a vs Deputy Commisstoners
JamEs J. Fox, Brooklyn.....

ATBHEm A iowr Albamyre is cally ase es Secretary to Commission
JOE PARR BR ge VL TOM oor Ue mene ner en Ya aale Assistant Secretary
JEREMIAH F’, Connor, Oneida.......... Counsel to Commassion
RICHARD (WSS ECR ICATS, NUBIGR) orci all wk irceie os alail Chief Engineer
Marruzw Hi. Hoover, Lockport... ....2.<. Chief of Publication

THIRD ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

CONSERVATION COMMISSION

1913

TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE JANUARY 15, 1914

OUTLINE OF TOPICS DISCUSSED

PAGE.
BPA RAL MEN PAT SRE Vib NUE Sis oe ee ie Te SY 9, 27, 49
STATE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER RESOURCHES.................... 10
Apri CO NEE MAB NTS TT @ Dy ETT Divers dascc Sc 15,0e bails iacitar aria astedarw-rebarahateansanare ata ices Save mtaad id 11
PMC CHP EET OT ATR OLUCN «ie wa Se Wa eal Mais Quke sue a era's woes Sieh ne elepmini a ale 12
LNGONSISLEMCY, OF OPPONENTS: ro /c.5 css ow cee eaihwe ac. 6 © lei eres ste 8 Hee. aus 12
aiGrrnc la AO RGM EEN ODPEM is eateteis A Ite eas Aa cdencle Gia ls w ross te gla @acsiales "pie ee Riel oo6 13
SSE PAVED INEDY (OEY CIEE) SOE AMERY oye oe ariciat ae te miei wiki ae eke ew eVclavas ee ePbseh tuepuve ate Siete 14
PROGRESS IN THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO...........ccccccccccecccesees 16
WONG HOTS TAN CH) RAN GMESSTON occ) essa «oss a ciaie 6 a.g.cie-nlneis pied «le sie Ge lete g 17
PROMPT! ACTION DIS NECESSARY, 5 cue’ sos cuisicsieis and cuss ae oe cleis eee Sa ales be 17
SR ERME SO UOEAG pcre ar tC MAIN eacl ouiekah etm ters mame ok eee mi eeerane ae Sue He ae eas 17
INI Aree Nera Atte EXGRAEER > CONVIED Etiobey ehatiote: sito wie -Gleteeds Aceh oh Cuik/ananoiaiena les xcbcuslaiawilere’e «te 20
MEMORANDUM BY COMMISSIONER FLEMING............0 ccc eee ceeeeecees 44
DEVISTONIOELGANDSHAND HORBSUT SGA: s sjicsret alleGrs cle eds alelo dee 6 mutes 21
AG Hur Ra EEE itech et ber echt csc oa aa pee ae A ER ee te cle crutale tana a. gues tod sae yere) 8 21
ines, (© USE ON MC ATCLESBTLESS 5 ticle sal aie os wo oa oe ee Bele ee ae nee 22
TOD) LO ioe erate Os bi pl G0 Oe een) ge ac em Ee 6 22
MRE SAS ENOIG AST EaET. SPeE Oey. Re noe Ou cs ante Seale manuals, « Gob yandlal iaaale 23
DRcREAsED. Timper Cor— THe REMEDY.........5..c0.cccce cece sctens 23
DA UON pete GE MOC. eos ie kOe wis ace Ack eek eee te Cen 24
LEA SUC OM AO ARUP SBE Ke Cui ie er Meith aehaile ctarudha ly acauateul deal ave n'y Se 5 PRE 24

HES ESI CHEMI CUM AIRE GING on cdegae Aer A SIONS 2 OU eaces, Ss duty als Give ovtha nw win oars 24

AC UTION AOR OR MSSNEIANDS 264, 0.cr cr 5 ce eee lode los ed ode ecsaecaser sos 25
PURCHASE MOM MACHEN ST IAMS Glecscls hold vila ena S Maes one dw dale Sa oS un dinievee ahs 25
UES CO 7 NS SH STS WR BC Re 26
PROPAGATION OF Pasm AND GAME; 20sec sce des cobs wae cee leououee ewes oe 26
PROS CLALC RR D0 Real ise aie) 4S on MER AA RN AI Via OE RR RS ne Shs rr 26
SARS SOOT ROL LTT AVES OR, © SR MRe BOR Mia a7 0 menor care ao A) A en cn 26
OG EITC OE TIN REG EMER Arts Vas. cde ere ae ot cet le Sty tare es clad Gide cis 2 04 ere 27
EROTECTIONFOF PismcANb) GAME)... 2. oi 'ha. ome oo dic re cle ola clos eos aa bee eces 27
DE ERIS PNA SN 0 01 TN a i Aa ital OO SE 8 eta RU 28
SD DLE AN POE CORON Mia sig ie sie lela alld sac dcletvc sees 6 00 autho Sees 30
NirG ATO Rivera hi Del Nee tar ot SER Ne ey oe eS 31
UNIO R Miers HS mATES TERI). sce ole ke Wane: Mana cyllwle bi bs vic oo ave wale ce eens 32
BUREAU FOR WCARINE/ PESHMETIGS t.5 cates eek eee ests os a cake aie JO Mees 33
POSSUULIDELES HT OT OUSLCT MU URC: BA els 5 cochs ws sm bad wa site Stale Beate « 33
SSNPS GP LUG LES LEAN POSE.) SAO GTR ONC: RA Re RU rs OS ei aer ae 34
A A ETL YE OBIS ELITE RMI MU POL IOS. ners 5 a a ah cn & Gb wR whe OIE AO We Se 34
DEVE SEONG NE AMINO LV ASE RG ERS 0 2 Ok ci 6c ajalg wile dealicatseTewiclsie a wie wens abe 35
UNronn Wann JORTREOT VE ROIMGTS. oc 6 walt weg u's ds studs see Ok etek neles © 35
PoWER DEVELOPMENT ON NAVIGABLE STREAMS...........0000 00 cee eeeee 36
PAU E ROE RIEAM Wit e eR UE: So ee oY oman Me eG 36

8 OvuTLINE oF Torics DiscusseEp.

DIVISION OF INLAND WATERS— Concluded: PAGE.
CANASHHAGA, CRENK TMPROVEMMNT: oo ot. cane Gate Ween e le Like os, wakes 37
DCCrd ed BONS ee Pe eee ee a ON RR Rae fe feos Se laa, aioe 38
SUPERVISION MO WiniR: DARE) cP dts Says nahtno lu meen hopeht: Setar a Mera une okcagn) Wet S Lee g 38
REET DO POMUP ES 6 ROE ee AOU NG DT EO eh 39
WATnR SUPPEY: APPET@ASTONS):/< 50 ite 2. chau ie auablaie Solan cite we eRe ions 39
Supervsten, of, Water Supply uN ceded. 1. Aue Aa ee AEs eee et ee hea 42
ELV DROGRAPHIC “INVESTIGATIONS 2a s 2 cue nie a eral ou Yetta aie ele onaile alec Bags 42
TRGAL BUREAU. 230 50 sie vest ee cae e abuse SES ed ey eee 42
#7.) 01D aol BD). WARM ican le eRe Deni: Sea OES oY apa ese e Rafa nei spay A ea pn 47
EERENCAIN CRA, A ACT IG DURING 2 CO Sy ys Uae Sel ak be tenants Ree LAER Ut cee id Rt 49
REPORT OF CONSERVATION BUREAU, ATTORNEY-GENERAL’S OFFICE, RELA-
TIVE TOULATIGA TIONS) of care StoGone Sie a geanta cena Cone cis cb wane uae ene 53

THIRD ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

CONSERVATION COMMISSION

To the Leguslature:

Herewith follows our report for the fiscal year ending Sep-
tember 30, 19138:

DEPARTMENTAL REVENUES

This department continues to be one of the great revenue pro-
viders of the State. Total receipts for the last fiscal year were
$316,407.87, as against $256,002.84 in 1912 and $258,226.65
in 1911. To this increase of $60,000 over the previous year,
hunters’ licenses contributed largely — $161,490 this year as
against $152,052 the year before. It is deemed likely that this
item will run near to $200,000 next year. Net licenses brought
in over $15,000 this year as against less than $9,000 the year
before. All details of departmental finances appear in the finan-
cial statement appended to this report. }

Conservatively computed, the product of the State fish hatch-
eries and State game farm for the fiscal year ending September
30, 1913, including brood stock, had a commercial value of at
least $300,600. Add to this the departmental revenues turned
into the State Treasury during the same fiscal year — $316,407.87
—and we have a total, in direct revenue or its equivalent, of
$617,007.87.

The total appropriations for this department, regular session,
1913, were $658,126.66. Total expenditures for the fiscal year
ending September 30, 1913, $744,103.99.

It will readily be seen that when the Conservation Commis-
sion’s plan of utilization of ripe timber, elsewhere referred to
in this year’s annual report, as well as in last year’s, is made
effective, this department will become far more than self-sup-
porting.

[9

10 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

STATE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER RESOURCES

In submitting this, our third annual report, permit us to repeat
what we said a year ago: ‘‘ There yet remains to be enacted con-
servation legislation covering the all-important problem of develop-
ment and utilization of the State’s water resources. No question
of graver moment will come before this or any other Legislature of
our time.”

This great problem of hydro-electric development is measurably
nearer solution than a year ago. The march of events has been,
on the whole, propitious.

The Long Sault charter has been repealed; the complicated
State, national and international situation at Niagara Falls is
being studied by a special legislative committee, with which this
Commission will cordially co-operate; the adoption of the Burd
amendment, permitting the construction of storage reservoirs in
the Forest Preserve, will materially broaden the range of con-
servation probabilities; last, but not least, the Legislature has
affirmed, in the passage of the Capital District hydro-electric bill,
and by decisive majorities, the principle of State development and
distribution of 1,500,000 horse-power now unused.

The Conservation Commission, in 1912, formulated and pre
sented to the Legislature, in the so-called Bayne bill, a compre-
hensive plan of State development. The Bayne bill contemplated
state-wide development, by the State itself, of a waste energy esti-
mated to be annually equal to that produced by the consumption
of 15,000,000 tons of coal. It empowered the Conservation Com-
mission to acquire lands, water privileges and water rights, to con-
struct transmission lines for the purpose of delivering electrical
energy to the various municipalities throughout the State; such
municipalities being authorized to enter into contract with the
Commission for the use of power so transmitted, the maximum
cost to the ultimate consumer being fixed by the Conservation
Commission. The Bayne bill further provided that each munici-
pality pay its proportionate share of the cost of production and
transmission, including a charge for interest, upkeep, maintenance
and operation, with an amount sufficient to amortize the invest-
ment in from thirty to fifty years. No municipality would pay

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION isl

taxes on anything but its actual municipal uses of light and
power. These provisions of the Bayne bill protected the State
on its part; the municipality, on its part, being protected by a
requirement that, before any municipality might enter into such
a contract, it must be approved by popular referendum vote.

The Bayne bill received the approval of the Senate of 1912,
but failed in the Assembly. It was suggested that so vast a pro-
ject as state-wide hydro-electric development ought first to be tried
out in a territory more circumscribed in area, and one where all
the facts and results incident thereto might be readily and closely
followed by everybody.

Tue Capitaut District Brun

Thereupon the Commission, in 1913, recommended to the
Legislature the enactment of the so-called Capital District hydro-
electric bill. This was the Bayne bill in miniature; the basic
principle was precisely the same, and the same state-wide develop-
ment, by the State itself, was provided for; but the initial hydro-
electric development was to be within a restricted area, namely,
the so-called Capital District, including Albany, Troy, Schenec-
tady and vicinity. This district presented a two-fold advantage,
namely, close proximity to the seat of the State government,
where results might be studied at first hand, and like close prox-
imity to Crescent and Vischer Ferry, whence surplus waters of
the Barge canal were to be derived and utilized for cheaper light,
heat and power.

The Capital District bill, commonly known by the name of
Senator Murtaugh, its introducer, had from the start a wide-
spread popular support, but a determined — not to say a veno-
mous — opposition on the part of interests engaged in the manu-
facture and sale of electricity for light and power. Every device
known to men long skilled in smothering legislation was brought
to bear to prevent the passage of the Murtaugh bill in the Legis-
lature of 1913. After it had passed the Senate on March 27,
by a vote of 35 ayes to 8 noes, the same interests laid siege to
the Assembly Rules Committee in a final effort to smother it there,
but without avail. The Assembly passed the Murtaugh bill on
May 1 by a vote of 97 ayes to 21 noes. Both in the Senate and

i .

12 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

in the Assembly the vote was nonpartisan in character. It had
the support of Democrats, Republicans and Progressives alike.

AccEPTED StTaTE Poricy

We may fairly conclude, therefore, that the underlying prin-
ciple of the Murtaugh bill is now the accepted policy of the State.
To that underlying principle, the Democratic, the Republican,
and the Progressive parties stand committed by their platforms.
To that underlying principle, Senators and Assemblymen, regard-
less of party, assented, thus passing the Murtaugh bill by a great
majority in both branches of the Legislature. To that underlying
principle, the then Governor, in his memorandum vetoing the
Murtaugh bill, made no dissent or objection — declaring on the
other hand that “my sympathy is now and has been strongly in
favor of the purposes of this bill.”

Governor Sulzer’s chief objections, he said, were based on
doubt as to the sufficiency of water at Crescent and Vischer

Ferry at certain seasons of the year; fear that the Capital Dis-

trict plan might cripple the efficiency of the Barge canal, and
belief that the first development should be at the Long Sault
rather than at Vischer Ferry. These and all other objections
have been met severally and collectively, over and again, during
the progress of the Murtaugh bill through the Legislature.

Subsequent independent investigations have sustained the Com-
mission’s views on these matters in all respects.

INCONSISTENCY OF OPPONENTS

Those who opposed the Bayne bill on the ground that it took in
too much territory, opposed the Murtaugh bill on the ground that
it took in too little territory. Those who opposed the Murtaugh
bill on the ground that there might not be enough water at
Crescent and Vischer Ferry — despite all the engineering evi-
dence to the contrary — would no doubt oppose a bill for a de-
velopment at Long Sault on the ground that there would be too
much water there.

Equally absurd is the plight of those who in the same breath
inform us that State hydro-electric development “will never

CONSERVATION CoMMISSION 13

amount to anything” or “ will be a flat failure from the start,”’
and that “it will ruin private business.”’ Obviously, these con-
tentions cannot both be true, and experience with the Canadian
hydro-electric public enterprise demonstrates that neither is true.

It will never be possible to frame a State hydro-electric develop-
ment law which will please those who, for private and personal
reasons, do not want the State to embark upon hydro-electric de
velopment. But it ought to be possible for the Legislature this
year, in view of the progress already achieved, to write into law a
measure along the general lines of the Bayne and the Murtaugh
bills, sacrificing not one iota of the underlying principle — that
the State’s undeveloped water resources belong to the people and
should be developed by the State for the whole people, to give
cheaper light, heat and power.

Construction by stages has been the policy advocated by the
Commission at all times. Crescent and Vischer Ferry dams were
selected, among other reasons, for commencing the work, because
the State at these points owns the entire water-power rights, and
the cost of making the trial would be a minimum in the Capital
District. The power has been created by the construction of two
dams erected for the purpose of canalizing two stretches of the
Mohawk river to form parts of the Barge canal. Unless the water
is made to generate power it will waste its energy in running over
the tops of the dams.

Tuer Basic PRINCIPLE

In last year’s report, concerning all canal powers, we said:
“Tmportant and intrinsically valuable as they are, it must be
kept in mind that their development and operation is a secondary
matter, entirely subordinate to the use of the canal as a medium
of commerce.” This has been and will continue to be the basic
principle of any policy that the Commission advocates, with ref-
erence to canal waters. The Murtaugh hydro-electric bill em-
bodies full recognition of this principle and would protect the
canal in every way.

Many large water powers, totalling over 100,000 H. P., have
become the property of the State through purchase or creation in
the construction of the canal system. These powers are located

14 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

in close proximity to large centers of population, and are scat-
tered with considerable uniformity along the entire length of the
canal. ‘Thus, in the Capital District group of canal powers, the
total economic development at Troy, Waterford, Crescent and
Vischer Ferry is about 45,000 H. P. This is easily available
for use to Hudson on the south, Saratoga Springs on the north
and Amsterdam and Johnstown on the west.

In the Utica group are the Mindenville, Little Falls, Nine Mile
ereek and Delta powers with a total economic development of
about 12,000 H. P. readily available for use in Rome, Utica, Ilion,
Herkimer, Little Falls and nearby municipalities.

In the Oswego river group are the powers on the Oswego river.
Adjudication between the State and all the riparian owners is
not yet complete, but it is probably safe to assume that the State
will own 20,000 or 25,000 H. P. on the Oswego river. This
power is best available for use in the municipalities of the
Oswego valley, in Syracuse and vicinity, eastward as far as
Oneida and westward to Auburn.

The amount of state-owned canal power that will be available
at Seneca Falls, Waterloo, Rochester, Medina and Lockport can-
not yet be determined, but it will probably be not less than
20,000 H. P., which will be available to municipalities within
30 miles of the canal on either side, using a distribution voltage
of only 33,000.

The Murtaugh hydro-electric bill is State-wide in scope, though
intended to be used only for the initiation and trial of a State
hydro-electric policy, leaving the coupling up of these powers
by the general high tension system, the development of other State-
owned powers, and the extension of the system to the more remote
parts of the State, until such time as the people shall have become
fully convinced of the adaptability of the policy to our economic
and political conditions.

Tur TREND OF THE TIMES

The Commission has heretofore pointed out that “if the fur-
nishing of hydro-electric power by a State or municipality for
public and private uses is socialistic, so is the furnishing of water
for public and private uses, and so are many other State and mu-

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 15

nicipal activities ” that we have specified. Tat this view is held
by a large and increasing part of the population of the United
States is shown by the appended table:

TasLE SHowine THE NumsBer or Municipat Evectric Liacut
AND PowER PLANTS IN EAcH STATE OF THE UNITED STATES

1907 1913 1907 1913

PAMAIATING 5.854 cine «: « 28 Boe Nebraskan csi sc: 25 52
Pareansas, s.c0. 0.0 , Ld TMS aE LS yee sae See eg ae 1
PerIZOMa. .))... +. sa 1 New Hampshire.. 4 2
almortias’.(.)...). 14 14. New Jersey...... i 11
ploradO.: i's: *( tite New Mexico tc). of 3
Connecticut...... 5 Gil: Wheel wacker ese fs: 232 47 49
Welaware,. (05... . 6 6 North Carolina... 36 43
PeOridas is sh Ss a's 13 £5 tut North® Dakota.) .i.52 8 9
reOrOla te fons. | 5D 698 cOhiow Nees <0, selOS 110s
Je. ee a 2 Pn POkdahomats sic. be caw dA. 52
MOIS. oS. 112 SO Oaememety rasa) .iasee. pi dal 8
Madiana:: . 2.0... 68 69 Pennsylvania.... 465 41
Lv in oan 51 5%), Rhode Islands s:. 2 il 1
HAMSAS: sas is o's 32 72: South. Carolina; .: + 17 LY
Menticky.....:.. 14 14ori South WWaketay:. cosif1:8 13
Louisiana. ..... 21 23 Tennessee....... 28 27
CNOA age cas) | AE Dpinmbemagrr si awd t 5%. 9 AG
Weyland. 042.) ' 8 RON teas Pussy cise 9 14
Massachusetts... . 24 Sulit) WeViermenitil 21s pene Le 12
chica... 4.1.42. 2045. 920%). Virginia... su. 14 14
Minnesota... .3 92 Soe Washinetoms:4 ic) 2,6 10
Mississippi. .. . 39 41) Westi Virginia... <.!) 5 6
PTISSOUT Is fine ee) iS 615 Wisconsin::; 24°... 64 74
Montana... ....% 2 Dito Wyoming) 6) 3901 2
“DSETROAG? ie a MEE Ne 09) 2 1,252 1,443

In Georgia and Minnesota over half the municipalities having

electric service own their own plants.

In Ohio, Michigan and

North Carolina more than one-third, and in Indiana and Nebraska

16 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

not quite one-third of the electrically hghted municipalities own
their own plants. The municipal consumption of electricity bears
a much larger ratio to the total consumption of electric power
furnished by the municipal plant than the water consumed for
municipal uses bears to the total water consumed from the mu-
nicipal water works. Hence, there is greater reason for the
municipality’s supplying its own electric needs, and incidentally
those of its people.

PROGRESS IN THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO

The work of the Hydro Electric Power Commission of the
Province of Ontario, Canada, continues to exhibit phenomenal
growth. The increase in use of power from the government
system is illustrated by the chart (Fig. 1), showing the load upon
the system each month from the time current was first turned
on to October 31, 1913.

The financial program laid out by the Ontario Commission, and
embodied in law, is being strictly followed, and in order to comply
therewith the prices at which power is delivered to the munic-
ipalities were reduced for 1913 in some cases 20 per cent. By
law, these prices must be sufficient to make the system entirely
self-sustaining, including the retirement of the bonds at maturity.
No tax or burden of any sort is to be laid upon the people for
the purposes of the hydro-electric system. The Commission is
practically overwhelmed with applications for extensions, and to
meet the demands in the Niagara district is increasing the capacity
of its high tension lines from Niagara Falls to St. Thomas and
extending them from St. Thomas to Windsor, 235 miles from
Niagara Falls.

Windsor is just across the river from Detroit, Mich., and being
practically a Great Lakes port, coal is low in price. The entrance
of hydro-electric power into this field under such conditions indi-
cates that the State of New York will be covered by a network
of interconnected electric wires energized from a few central sta-
tions, and that this work will be done either by private corpora-
tions or by the State. The only question is, what agency our
people desire to have employed to accomplish the end.

Y¥AIMOd ISYOH

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CoNSERVATION CoMmMISSION ard

Lone Distance TRANSMISSION

Through the development of long distance transmission, close
relation of the water powers to the market has ceased to be the
governing consideration.

Niagara power is transmitted to Syracuse and Oswego, 200
miles, at 60,000 volts; the Southern Sierras Power Company
transmits power from Bishop, Cal., to San Bernardino, Cal.,
238 miles, at 150,000 volts; the Province of Ontario has been
delivering power from Niagara Falls to St. Thomas, 130 miles,
and has under construction the continuation of its line to Windsor,
235 miles, at 110,000 volts. Manufacturers have perfected ma-
chinery for 165,000 volts which makes power transmission for
much greater distances feasible.

Power from the Long Sault or from the Niagara river could be
economically and feasibly delivered and used in New York City.

Promert Action 1s NECESSARY

It is physically and economically practicable to loop together
the water powers of the State by a network of electrical conductors
which while serving practically every municipality, will be re-
quired to transmit the electrical energy much less distances than
other systems in daily operation.

This is an economic problem, rather than a question of partisan
polities. The State of New York must either develop its natural
resources for the benefit of the many, or else surrender them to be
exploited by private monopoly for the enrichment of the few.

There is no middle ground. Nor is there room for delay.
Prompt action there must be, for once large investments of capital
have been made, in the acquisition and development of these un-
used resources, it will be too late for the State to act; our priceless
heritage will be forever lost.

WATER STORAGE

At the last general election a concurrent resolution of the Sen-
ate and Assembly was adopted amending section seven of article
seven of the Constitution in relation to storage reservoirs and

18 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

hydraulic developments in the a preserve. The resolution
was in the following form:

“That section seven of article VII of the Constitution be
amended to read as follows: x

‘““< Forest preserve, section 7. The lands of the State, now
owned or hereafter acquired constituting the forest preserve as
now fixed by law, shall be forever kept as wild forest lands. They
shall not be leased, sold or exchanged, or be taken by any corpora-
tion, public or private, nor shall the timber thereon be sold, re-
moved or destroyed. * But the Legislature may by general laws
provide for the use of not exceeding three percentum of such
lands for the construction and maintenance of reservoirs for mu-
nicipal water supply, for the canals of the State and to regulate
the flow of streams. Such reservoirs shall be constructed, owned
and controlled by the State, but such work shall not be undertaken
until after the boundaries and high flow lines thereof shall have
been accurately surveyed and fixed, and after public notice, hear-
mg and determination that such lands are required for such public
use. The expense of any such vmprovements shall be apportioned
on the public and private property and municipalities benefited to
the extent of the benefits recewed. Any such reservoir shall always
be operated by the State, and the Legislature shall provide for a
charge upon the property and municipalities benefited for a rea-
sonable return to the State upon the value of the rights and prop-
erty of the State used and the services of the State rendered, which
shall be fixed for terms of not exceeding ten years and be read-
justable at the end of any term. Unsanitary conditions shall not
be created or continued by any such public works. A violation
of any of the provisions of this section may be restrained at the
suit of the people or with the consent of the supreme court in
appellate division, on notice to the attorney-general at the suit of
any citizen. ”’

It will be observed that the purpose of this amendment was
to authorize the use of a small percentage of the State lands for
storage reservoir purposes. It is generally conceded that the
regulation of the stream flow of our numerous rivers will greatly
inure to the benefit of the State and to its citizens.

* That portion of the above section printed in italics is new.

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 19

The great volume of water which periodically overflows our
streams is a menace to property, both public and private. The
disastrous floods of last year destroyed property of immense
value. No State suffers more in this respect than New York
because of the great number of inland streams, and because a
very large proportion of our population resides along and ad-
jacent to the course of our numerous rivers. The destructive
agency of spring freshets is almost annually felt in the valleys
of the Hudson, Mohawk, Genesee, Oswego, Black and Raquette
and elsewhere. ‘Therefore, the menace to private and public
property from flood conditions can be regarded as State-wide in
extent.

It will, likewise, be conceded, we believe, that the regulation of
stream flow by the construction of impounding reservoirs will
also greatly benefit the public health. The control of the flow
of the water in our rivers so that the volume thereof will be more
evenly distributed throughout the year will certainly furnish
- purer and more wholesome water for the use of our municipali-
ties; moreover, the disease and pestilence which often follow
great floods will be largely avoided.

It is apparent, therefore, that public safety, public health and
public welfare will be greatly conserved by impounding the flood
of waters of our streams, and this is sufficient to justify the State
in undertaking this work. In addition to these benefits, the con-
struction of reservoirs and the regulation of stream flow will
result in the creation of a vast amount of hydraulic power. In
some instances this power will be created at the point of dis-
charge; and in all cases, if the reservoirs are properly constructed
and operated, the power capacity of our rivers will be greatly
increased.

On these rivers where water powers have been developed this
increase of power will necessarily benefit the water power owners.
This increase of power available to the owners of water powers
is not a public but a private benefit. It will be used for private
business and enterprise. It appears, therefore, that the benefit
derived from the regulation of our streams is in part public and
in part private.

20 Tuirp AnnuaL REpoRT OF THE

The provisions of the Constitution contemplate that these im-
provements in the forest preserve counties shall be made by the
State itself, constructed by the State and controlled by it. This,
of course, means that the State must bear the expense of the con-
struction of these reservoirs.

It is necessary that the State adopt some definite policy in rela-
tion to this proposed work. This involves the use which the State
intends to make of the hydraulic power created by such con-
struction.

We believe that the wisest policy for the State to pursue is to
utilize this power for the benefit of all the people, and not permit
it to be used for private gain.

With respect to the increased power available along the streams,
the owners should be required to pay to the State an amount de-
termined upon as the value of the benefits which each owner
receives. In this way the State would in time be reimbursed for
its expenditures, by persons benefited thereby.

Nracara River Power

In the second annual report of the Commission is given the
history and present status of power development from the waters
of Niagara river. As a result of its investigations, the Commis-
sion believes that the charters of the corporations to which privi-
leges have been granted by the State can be and should be amended
so as to require: Tull economic use of water granted; diligent
prosecution of full development; and complete definition of privi-
leges granted. To this end, the Commission recommends that laws
be passed amending the charter of the Niagara Falls power com-
panies by limiting their diversion rights to their present uses,
and amending the charters of all companies that have not
already expired by limitation, by completely defining granits
where necessary and by fixing a reasonable time limit at the
end of which the charters shall expire, unless the proposed works
shall have been prosecuted diligently to completion.

The State of New York must resolutely maintain all its
rights in the waters of the Niagara river, as to power distribu-
tion.

CONSERVATION COMMISSION 2a

DIVISION OF LANDS AND FORESTS

The State of New York owns today over a million and three
quarters acres in the Forest Preserve counties, of which all but
about three hundred and eleven thousand acres he in the Adiron-
dack and Catskill parks. Toward this vast tract, the State bears
the relation of policeman, to prevent the destruction of the forests
by theft of timber; of fireman, to prevent their destruction by
fire; of watchman, to detect fire danger in its incipiency, and of
forester, to restock, replenish and renew the wooded areas.

The:Commission is charged with protecting from fire approxi-
mately seven and: a quarter million acres in the Adirondack and
Catskill sections.

The forest field force, having charge of fire fighting, trespass
prevention, etc., varies in number according to the season; there
are from 65 to 70 rangers ordinarily employed when the fire
danger is greatest, and 25 to 30 when it is least. Their work is
supplemented by 49 mountain station observers whose duty it is
to detect and report forest fires at once by telephone, thereby pre-
venting great disastrous conflagrations which consume large areas.

Forest Fires

Despite all these precautions, which have demonstrated their
value a thousand times over, the summer and early fall of 1913
will be remembered as among the worst, as to forest fires, in recent
years. Owing to the extreme drought, which made the conditions
in 1913 comparable with those of 1908 (the last great fire year),
the total of forest fires reported for the past fire season was
688, as against 605 in 1908. Fires reported which burned over
one acre in area were 528 in 1913, as against 605 in 1908. Fires
which burned over less than an acre were not reported in 1908.
In all respects, the fire season of 1918, while it severely taxed the
endurance of the fire fighters and the resources of the State, com-
pares advantageously with other great fire years:

Damage caused Acres Cost of

by forest fires burned extinguishing
TOO Ha sive le wel lie. ois $864,082 464,189 $153,763 95
2 US A Ae esata mE Fa 802,135 368,072 189,660 00
OMe) LoePs Soa cic 51,445 54,796 48,203 20

292 Tuirp AnnuaL REPORT OF THE

This great reduction in acreage burned, in damage, and in
cost, demonstrates the efficiency of the State’s fire protective work,
and vindicates the observation station system, which, this year,
has withstood the supreme test. |

Of these 688 fires, only two were not speedily controlled. Of
these, the larger was in Essex county; it covered approximately
17,000 acres, was ten miles in width, but the damage was largely
confined to about three hundred and seventy-five acres of timber
land. This fire occurred in an old fire slash and so far as the
future is concerned, its effect has been to decrease greatly fire
danger in that locality.

The State is greatly indebted for aid rendered by United States
troops from the Plattsburg barracks, in fighting these fires, of
which indebtedness this Commission has already made public
acknowledgment.

Fires Caused by Carelessness

Fully 85 per cent. of all the forest fires during the last year
were preventable. One-third of them were caused by careless
handling of cigars, cigarettes and tobacco; another fifth by care-
lessness with camp-fires.

Every lover of the out-of-doors should co-operate with this
Commission in its efforts, through a ‘campaign of education,”
to put a stop to this wanton, wicked destruction of the “ people’s
playground.”

More rangers, the forests undoubtedly need; but fewer dis-
earded lighted cigars and neglected camp-fires are quite as neces-
sary.

Tue Use or Open Camps

The Commission has taken an advance step for the increased
utilization of the forest preserve by the public generally, through
the adoption of rules permitting the construction and use of open
camps. Heretofore, tents only had been permitted. But many,
desiring to spend a few days in the woods, found it impossible to
pack and carry tents to their destination.

Under the rules no trail or open camp can be built without
written permission of the Commission. All camps must bear a
conspicuous sign: ‘‘ This camp is the property of the State of

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 23

New York and is open to the public.” Further rules prohibit
exclusiveness and require a general use and enjoyment of the
open camps, while insuring, however, to State employees engaged
in fighting fire a first claim to occupancy.

TRESPASS DECREASING

Trespass on State land is decreasing, both in number of cases
and in value of material. Sixteen cases were reported, this year,
with a total value of material computed at $2,008.25. There was
but one case of deliberate theft, and this trespasser was promptly
detected, only $14.93 worth of timber having been cut. Ten of
the sixteen cases reported involved disputed title; and the same is
probably true of a majority of trespass cases, at the present time.

The following comparative table shows conditions as to tres-
pass, in recent years:

: yurteee? fateam a
BPN sc SDs 83 $39,063 07 $470 64
[1S Ul oy Mg 104 20,054 29 192 82
LU 46 1,499 20 32 59
a eae 27 502 23 18 60
ie ee 16 2,008 25* 125 51

It is obviously unfair and improper that trespass should largely
be caused by uncertainty of boundary lines. We renew our recom-
mendation of last year, that sufficient appropriations be allowed
for a careful survey to determine for all time, the metes and
bounds of the State’s property, and also for a valuation survey
whereby the monetary value may be accurately determined.

DEcREASED TimBER Cut — THE REMEDY

The timber cut of the State of New York has decreased from
1,250,000,000 feet in 1908 to less than 1,000,000,000 feet in
1912. The cut, however, is approximately five times the annual
growth, and the consumption is at least 16 times the growth.
These are facts whose serious import is all too apparent.

* Four-fifths of this was in one big case, which of course makes the average
abnormal.

24 Turrp AnnuAL REPORT OF THE

If it were possible to classify the Forest Preserve by areas, part
to be protective, and part to be used for wood production, the
needs of the present and the future would be far better conserved
than can be done under the terms of a Constitution adopted two
decades ago, excellent in its intent, and which admirably served
its purpose, but which should now be modified to meet greatly
changed economic and general conditions, and especially to
coincide with modern thought along the lines of scientific forestry.

Cutting should be confined to selected trees, under State in-
spection, and all sales should be by competitive bidding. Such a
plan would yield a direct revenue to the State of $1,000,000 per
annum (250,000,000 feet, the annual forest crop now going to
waste, at an average of $4 per thousand stumpage), to say nothing
of increased business and employment to labor; and so far from
injuring the forests, we now know scientific forestry and selective
cutting to be their salvation.

Utilization of Ripe Timber

Estimating the fixed carrying charges to the State of the
Forest Preserve at $365,000 per annum, the proposed utilization
of ripe timber would wipe out this deficit and substitute a net
annual income of $635,000.

We therefore renew our recommendations of last year, for the
utilization of ripe timber; and also for the removal of dead and
down timber within the Forest Preserve.

Leasing oF Camp SITES
For like reasons — benefit to the Forest Preserve, better admin-

istration, and revenue possibilities — we renew our recommenda-

tions for the leasing of camp sites within the Preserve, and for
the assembling, under the jurisdiction of this Commission, of the
130,000 acres of ‘State land, in small, scattered parcels, at present
serving no useful purpose to the State or to any department
thereof. Much of this land might be judiciously reforested, while
other parcels might be leased.

REFORESTATION

The total number of trees supplied to private owners and to
State institutions for reforestation, since 1908, when the State

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION. 25

began this work, is 12,014,635 trees, which would reforest ap-
proximately 12,000 acres.

The possibilities, and the desirability, of definitely enlarging
the reforestation work of the State, speak for themselves.

Within the Forest Preserve itself are 120,000 acres of denuded
land, of which only 3,400 acres have been reforested.

The State has to-day in its nine nurseries (56 acres) 28,000,000
trees — about nine million more than last year and twelve million
more than in 1911. There will be available for use the coming
_ year 7,000,000 trees, 2,000,000 of which can be planted on State
land. Trees sold to private owners were 3,242,200 this year, as
against 2,970,910 in 1912 and 1,670,370 in 1911. Trees planted
on State lands this year were but 76,000 as against 1,346,500 in
1912 and 120,000 in 1911.

This was due to lack of funds adequate to carry on the work.
It is highly important that sufficient appropriations be allowed,
as in work of this nature not to progress is to retrogress. A more
extended use of convict labor, if permitted, would effect a material
economy.

TAXATION oF Forrest Lanps

Three laws enacted in 1912 essayed to provide more equitable
assessment and taxation of forest lands. While a beginning was
made, the details and confusion of these several statutes have dis-
couraged many applicants from entering their lands for classifi-
cation. In all, eight out of nineteen applications for classifica-
tion under these laws have been granted. ‘The existing statutes
should be perfected and clarified so as better to serve their intent.

PuRCHASE OF ForEst Lanns

No appropriation has been made for the purchase of lands
within the Forest Preserve since this Commission came into ex-
istence. In 1912, and again in 1913, we asked for $25,000, in
order that it might be possible to take advantage of offers at
prices deemed especially reasonable, but in each instance other
demands upon the State’s exchequer were held to be more urgent.

We have at this time an unexpended balance of $62,616.89,
which sum, being a reappropriation, has been held to pay for

26 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

forest lands which were purchased by our predecessors, subject to
the furnishing, by the owners, of an acceptable title. Owing to
failure of owners to produce such titles, no lands were purchased
during the past fiscal year.

DIVISION OF FISH AND GAME

PROPAGATION OF FisH AND GAME
Fish Culture

The State hatchery stations, nine in number, distributed
1,287,255,120 fish and other aquatic food species during the past
fiscal year, a gain over 1912 of 556,820,187. The chief increase
was in hatching and planting marine food species, especially
edible crab, which increased to 520,000,000 from 100,000,000
the year before. The establishment of auxiliary hatcheries at
Montauk and Cold Spring Harbor greatly augmented the yield
of the Long Island Station. In all, thirty-nine species of aquatic
animals were propagated in 1913, and the actual commercial value
of the fish distributed (exclusive of brood stock) was at least
$250,000.

New York leads her nearest competitor, among the sister States,
at least two to one in fish cultural work.

The new bass hatchery at Ogdensburg was nearly completed at
the end of the fiscal year and will be in operation next year.
Within the next fiscal year, it is probable that still another hatch-
ery (at Warrensburg) will have been constructed, pursuant to
appropriation made for that purpose in 1912.

Stream Pollution

The existing law relative to stream pollution provides that: “ No
dyestuffs, coal tar, refuse from a gas house, cheese factory, cream-
ery, condensery or canning factory, sawdust, shavings, tanbark,
lime or other deleterious or poisonous substance shall be thrown
or allowed to run into any waters, either private or public in
quantities injurious to fish life inhabiting the same, or injurious
to the propagation of fish therein.”

This section is so worded as to impose an undue burden of proof

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION Dit

upon those who seek its adequate enforcement. It should be
amended and made workable.

Manifestly, it is not unreasonable to demand that the young fish
so lavishly propagated by the State be placed in an environment
where they may thrive and not speedily perish.

With the increase of urban population, the problem of stream
pollution grows steadily more complex. The best legislative
measures which can be devised, will not be better than the situation
justifies.

Furthermore, the State ought to own (not lease) the lands sur-
rounding all hatchery streams; in no other way can the purity of
the hatchery waters be safeguarded.

Game Farms

The State game farm at Sherburne produced 25,000 pheasant
eggs and 5,000 young birds, during the past year, filling 1,241
applications.

The Legislature of 1913 appropriated $3,000 for maintenance
of a game farm in Hurley, Ulster county, on property already
owned by the State. Careful investigation having shown this
property to be wholly unsuited for such a purpose, the Commis-
sion was obliged to abandon the project.

The need for additional game farms has been emphasized by
this Commission ever since it came into existence. In 1912 the
Legislature made an appropriation for four additional game
farms, which, however, failed of executive approval. We again
urge that provision be made for additional game farms. As
already noted, the direct revenues derived by the State Treasury
through this department are over $316,000,— $60,000 more than
a year ago. Putting a conservative commercial value on the
fish fry and the young birds and eggs which the State is propa-
gating, the total, with the revenues, exceeds by over $200,000
the cost of operating the Division of Fish and Game, salaries
included.

PROTECTION OF FisH anp GAME

At the instance of this Commission, the Legislature at its
last regular session amended the law relative to the appointment

28 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

of special game protectors, so that a non-competitive examination
is prerequisite to their appointment. It is believed that this will
effect a substantial reform, and that the work of the special pro-
tectors — heretofore, in the main, not satisfactory — will show
a decided increase in efficiency. The Commission has recently
dispensed with the services of some 150 special protectors who
had exhibited but slight interest in the protective work, or fitness
therefor.

Until that time comes when each citizen is instinctively a game
protector — which can be only when the gospel of conservation
has been carried by its apostles to the uttermost parts of the
earth — the work of the protective field force must be judged by
arrests, convictions, and recoveries. ‘That is to say, while the
ideal is no violations, the practice must be sure punishment for
violators. Judged by this test, the work of the regular game pro-
tectors for the past fiscal year is satisfactory; they handled 2,622
eases in 19138, as against 1,695 in 1912, and 1,485 in 1911. Suc-
cessful prosecutions were 2,333 in 1913, as against 1,499 in 1912
and 1.324. am 1901.

It is undeniably true that a majority of violators of the laws
for the protection of fish and game are not punished; are not
arrested, even. When the magnitude of the territory to be covered
is considered, the impossibility of adequately protecting a State
like New York, with a force of 125 men, is apparent. We there-
fore respectfully renew the recommendation for an increase of the
protective field force.

The game conditions in the State generally are good. This is
true as to deer, woodcock, pheasant, grouse, duck, beaver, and
in general, encouraging improvement is shown all along the line.
This in itself bespeaks good work on the part of the department
and its protective force.

The So-Called Buck Law

In the case of the deer there is another factor worthy of con-
sideration. The law which restricts the taking of deer to those
having horns not less than three inches in length has now been in
operation in this State for two seasons. While strongly sup-

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 29

ported, it has had bitter opponents, who have left no stone un-
turned to discredit it.

lt is a significant fact that the New York State Fish, Game
and Forest League, which at its annual convention in 1912 di-
vided almost equally on the so-called buck law, at its convention
in 1913 (after another year’s trial), sustained this law with prac-
tical unanimity, on its merits as a preserver of the species and
as a conservator of human life.

This Commission has made most careful and painstaking in-
vestigation of all facts (and of wild rumors, even) as to great
quantities of slaughtered does alleged to have been left to rot
in the woods. They were found to be unfounded or much ex-
aggerated.

Our game protectors were directed to report at once and fully,
on all hunting accidents in their territory; and they did so. Prob-
ably these statistics were never so carefully, accurately and
promptly compiled as this year. ‘These reports show that two
men (and only two) were killed through being mistaken for deer
this year, out of a total of hunting fatalities, up to the close of
the deer season, of 19.

Nineteen is a heavy death-toll, indeed. It may raise a doubt
whether any law can guard the public against reckless misuse of
death-dealing weapons.

But how oddly they reasoned who said that this showed “ the
buck law to be a failure.”

Out of the thousands killed by railroad accidents, there are
some who meet death at crossings where there are gates and a
watchman; but we do not say “this proves that the gates are a
failure and the watchman no use; let us abolish all gates and
watchmen.” Out of nineteen killed during the recent hunting
season, two were mistaken for deer. That is two more than there
ought to have been, but it is less than there would have been, had
there been no “ stop, look and listen” sign like the so-called buck
law.

Perhaps there were does killed and left to rot in the woods.
Of course, if it were legal to kill the does, there would not be. It
is equally true that if it were legal to help yourself to a bank’s
funds, no one would ever crack a safe and run away and leave it
smashed and useless.

30 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

ADDITIONAL PROTECTION

Of the orders granted by this Commission, for additional pro-
tection to fish and game, under Section 152 of the Conservation
Law, the most important have had to do with lake trout. Without
the concurrence or knowledge of this Commission the final print
of the Sanner Bill was so amended, in the Assembly, last winter,
as to extend the season for taking lake trout to December 31 — the
previous closing date having been September 30. The Commis-
sion has entertained petitions and shortened the lake trout season
in two groups of counties, taking in the Finger lakes, and the
Adirondack lakes. We urge the Legislature to restore a proper
season for lake trout throughout the State, and shall submit pro-
posed legislation covering this and certain other details at an early
stage of the coming session.

The following additional protection orders are now (December,
1913) in full force and effect, under section 152, and during the
periods stated and in the localities named all taking is prohibited
as to the species named:

Species County Period Expires
PRGQSARES xn cis, sha temrsaie cies Herikimer v5.5). 2 years Oct. 1, 1914
PREASAMLS i cauins een aaremies DESEO O cose ate sis 2 years Oct. 1, 1914
PMGASAINLS) eee sa « ere eee tee Delaware ...... 2 years Oct. 1, 1914
PHERSANES!.. alelsc 34 '0/s wie elas . Chenango ...... 2 years Oct. 1, 1914
PREASAMES tdi. ate ie © een DENA § oe sehen 2 years Oct. 1, 1914
PNCASAMLB siete: de pai aren og Montgomery ... 2 years Oct. 1, 1914
PAGS ATE Sieh te eliae ate elatel a = ee ewido. sus sas 2 years Oct. 1, 1914
Pheasants =... esesae sas es Madison ....... 2 years Oct. 1, 1914
PREASANIEAY «sip tichclts Brae > oe Washington .... 2 years Oct. 1, 1914
Pea AGS 285 1 sitio i eisnataa Mian WANTON, reo gis 5 5 2 years Oct. 1, 1914
Pheasambs 5.0% pis ie's ens a ae Schenectady ... 2 years Oct. 1, 1914
PGASAMESIcs soi 2 cess 3 b's St. Lawrence... 2 years Oct. 1, 1914
Pheasamitse.... tec f20eni5 os Hranilelin t3-2\-ie 2 years Oct. 1, 1914
PHCA SAMS tera lett ewes ait fo: Dee Pee 2 years Oct. 1, 1914
PHEASAMER ir on sesieune so 2. 0.0 Jefferson ...... 2 years Oct. 1, 1914
Pheasalitgees ccc. sees =» es CHOGOR 5). 3 37m 2 years ‘Oct. 1, 1914
Pheasants. teieies ioe = Wesex © 9.5.5 sce. 2 years Oct. 1, 1914
Pheasants) ol. 23. ee ca vine + ADlerainy, oa -ia(3's 2 years Oct. 1, 1915
Pheasants }3/) 2c) eweue aati ee Cattaraugus ... 2 years Oct. 1, 1916
Pheasants) .32'-ejee setae sete Chautauqua .... 2 years Oct. 1, 1915
Pheasants... )'. teewoeeeee ae ROSA E ed aie 2 years Oct. 1, 1915
Ruffed grouse .4eee- eee Genesee ....... 2 years Oct. 1, 1914
Cotton. tail rabbits: =3°5..-- Richmond ..... Oct. 1 to Nov. 14,

and Jan. 1 to
Jan. 31 No date

CoNSERVATION ComMISSION 31

Species County Period Expires
Black: base): 3. cet ss loys 24 Lake Erie and
Niagara River. June 16 to June 30 No date
bake Growticee wows see's 3's Ontario ii 2: Oct. 1 to Dec. 31 No date
Dale) trombie erie e. sass welee NV ECS eieysit ales lee Oct. 1 to Dec. 31 No date
CERES SC) De Ag Beneeay yes 2 Oct. 1 to Dec. 31 No date
CRIES. (SHC) i vs rae ee ae Steuben”... .- Oct. 1 to Dec. 31 No date
E23 a Behuyler oe Oct. 1 to Dec. 31 No date
Wraey GLOULD 6 \ce!e0. odie cis os Madison ...... Oct. 1 to Dec. 31 No date
AO MEL OU G 5 0) oisvm sc tele Ris ie olete ors Oswego ....... Oct. 1 to Dec. 31 No date
ee CT a oma psig ye os Oct. 1 to Dec. 31 No date
SE MELOUL. ce ci- ss wits sss 0s Onondaga ..... Oct. 1 to Dec. 31 No date
Faker Eout oss i's sic’ eae Or hig) a TARR Oct. 1 to Dec. 31 No date
Ge ETO Ube cisin's, «050 ala d os & Livingston .... Oct. 1 to Dec. 31 No date
EO EEOUG:. « cie\s 6s oss \0.0 62.5 Oneida 5 oe. rs,> Oct. 1 to Dec. 31 No date
Lake trout and whitefish...Clinton ....... Nov. 6 to Dec. 31 Nov. 5, 1915
Lake trout and whitefish... Essex ......... Nov. 6 to Dee. 31 Nov. 5, 1915
Lake trout and whitefish... Franklin ...... Nov. 6 to Dec. 31 Nov. 5, 1915
Lake trout and whitefish... Fulton ........ Nov. 6 to Dec. 31 Nov. 5, 1915
Lake trout and whitefish... Hamilton ..... Nov. 6 to Dec. 31 Nov. 5, 1915
Lake trout and whitefish... Herkimer ..... Nov. 6 to Dee. 31 Nov. 5, 1915
Lake trout and whitefish... Lewis ......... Nov. 6 to Dec. 31 Nov. 5, 1915
Lake trout and whitefish...Saratoga ...... Nov. 6 to Dec. 31 Nov, 5, 1915
Lake trout and whitefish... St. Lawrence... Nov. 6 to Dec. 31 Nov. 5, 1915
Lake trout and whitefish... Warren ....... Nov. 6 to Dec. 31 Nov. 5, 1915
*Lake trout and whitefish..Washington .... Nov. 6 to Dec. 31 Nov. 5, 1915
Pike and pikeperch........ Butterfield Lake,

Jefferson Co....Tip-ups prohibited Jan. 1, 1917

Micratory Birrp Law

The Congress of the United States having enacted the so-called
Weeks-McLean Law for the protection of migratory birds, this
important measure became law (with the approval of the Presi-
dent) on March 4, 1913.

This Commission co-operated actively and heartily with bird
lovers and conservationists generally in the movement which cul-
minated in the enactment of the Weeks-McLean Law. It was not
disputed that the State of New York had excellent laws for the
protection of bird life, but the difficulty was that certain other
States needed to be brought up to the mark of better protection
for the migratory birds; and this it seemed most practicable to
bring about through the enactment of a general Federal statute.

The Federal regulations for the protection of migratory birds

* For Lake George seasons, see section 241-a, Conservation Law.

32 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

did not become effective, nor were they promulgated in their final
form, until approved by the President on October 1st last. It
then became apparent that in important particulars, as to certain
species, there was a conflict of ‘seasons between the State Con-
servation Law and the Federal regulations. In order to be able
to advise its game protectors, this Commission thereupon asked
the Attorney-General of the State for his opinion which law would
govern, where a conflict existed; whereupon the Attorney-General
gave an opinion that the Federal law is unconstitutional.

In the situation thus created, this Commission, in the pursu-
ance of clear and unavoidable administrative duty, caused much
regretted disturbance to certain of its friends; but the whole
matter can be easily adjusted, through the simple process of mak-
ing the two laws, State and Federal, conformable the one to the
other in the comparatively few points where they differ.

We recommend that this course be followed.

UniForRMity ESTABLISHED

It may now be regarded, we hope, as a settled legislative policy,
that uniformity should characterize the laws for protection of fish
and game. We believe that sportsmen, hunters, anglers, and the
public generally, have appreciated thoroughly the working out of
this principle, as contrasted with the old regime of many con-
flicting and confusing local laws, loosely codified into a general
statute.

In such amendments as we expect to submit this year, the per-
fecting of the statute, the making of its verbiage clearer and more
perspicuous will be our purpose. Nothing of grave moment,
nothing interfering with the idea of uniformity, is contemplated.

We believe that a guides’ license system ought to be put into
effect in this State, and that, properly worked out, it would help
materially in our protective work.

We believe that farm owners ought to be better protected, by
law, against lawless hunters who destroy crops and cattle; and
furthermore we believe that hunters generally would profit in
every way by legislation to suppress such lawless outrages.

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 33

Bureau or Marine FISHERIES

The receipts of the Bureau of Marine Fisheries for the fiscal
year ending September 30, 1913, were slightly in excess of
those of the previous year, and are as well the largest in its his-
tory; the total being $26,966.24.

This result has been obtained in spite of the fact that the rev-
enue derived from leases of more than twenty-six hundred acres
of oyster lands located in Jamaica Bay has been cut off by the stat-
ute ceding control of those waters to the City of New York for
harbor purposes.

The acreage of shellfish lands leased during the past year has
been approximately five times as great as that disposed of in the
previous year; and there are now pending in the Bureau of
Marine Fisheries, to be disposed of at an early date, applica-
tions for oyster lands nearly equal in acreage to the entire amount
disposed of during 1913.

With the granting of the leases the State’s holdings of shell-
fish lands in protected bays will be substantially exhausted, and
the expansion of the oyster industry in New York waters will
require giving attention to the large acreage in Long Island Sound,
and the adoption of a very liberal policy in order to induce plant-
ers to take up and cultivate these lands.

Possibilities for Oyster Culture

It is estimated that under the waters of Long Island Sound
proper, there are about 175,000 acres offering various possibili-
ties for oyster culture. It is claimed by planters that these lands
cannot be profitably cultivated if they are obliged to pay to the
State $2 per acre annual rent, the rate at which all State oyster
bottoms are now being leased. It is, therefore, probable that
during the present year there will be inaugurated a policy which
will permit and encourage planters in taking up their lands at a
reduced rental for the purpose of experimentation, and upon
short term leases, with the privilege of assigning the same to the
State if after a reasonable opportunity, profitable cultivation is
shown to be impossible. It is confidently expected that this pol-
icy will result in a very substantial increase in the revenues of

2

a

34 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

this bureau, since we are assured by a number of planters that
they will lease lands under the conditions above referred to. In
addition, such a policy would tend to the expansion of the oyster
industry, and to a substantial increase in the output of a highly
valuable and palatable article of food, as well as the employment
of increased capital and labor.

Sanitary Inspection

During the present year there were enacted amendments to
the existing law providing for sanitary inspection of shellfish
grounds, and the issuance by the Commission, in proper cases, of
a certificate of sanitary condition of the lands and their product.
The passage of such an act had been urged upon previous legis-
latures, but without success. While the statute itself is satis-
factory in form, it has been impossible of enforcement because no
appropriation was made for the purpose of carrying into effect
its provisions. It is a law of the highest importance, affecting
public health. The ultimate cost of enforcement falls upon the
oyster industry by reason of a tax of twenty-five cents per acre
for sanitary inspection. The initial expense must, of course,
be borne by the State, by appropriation, and it is imperative that
this important matter should not be slighted or overlooked. As
matters now stand, this Commission is placed in the position of
being charged with the enforcement of a law but without the
instrumentality through which alone its enforcement is possible.
The State Health Department has cheerfully aided us in this
work as far as its funds and facilities would permit.

An Archaic System

Frequent confusion and misunderstanding relative to the en-
forcement of laws for the protection of oyster beds have arisen
by reason of the fact that certain towns in Long Island have by
legislative enactment been given the right to grant leases under
water within town limits.

A series of enactments passed between 1866 and 1910 deprived
the State of the right to regulate the oyster growing industry or
to control the execution of oyster leases in particular localities.

——— ee

CONSERVATION ComMISSION 35

These statutes have given rise to a condition of conflicting juris-
diction which has in many cases nullified remedies and made im-
possible the enforcement of protective measures. Town control
of oyster properties is as archaic as was the old system of county
game protection. It is doubtful if any one could be found who
would to-day advocate a return to the old system under which
boards of supervisors were given the power to enact and enforce
game laws in their respective counties.

Practically every Atlantic and Gulf State has abolished local
regulation and has concentrated control of its oyster lands in the
hands of the State. We, therefore, earnestly recommend that this
matter should be given careful attention to the end that the vari-
ous special acts ceding to the towns and counties of Long Island,
the control of oyster properties within their limits may be re
pealed, and the regulation of the oyster industry restored to the
State.

DIVISION OF INLAND WATERS

The Legislature at its last regular session amended the Conser-
vation Law by adding thereto a new article, to be known as
article 9-a, to provide for union water districts and conservation
waterworks. This act (chapter 233, Laws of 1913) provides
that any number of municipalities within contiguous counties
may join in the formation of a union water district, and that
three or more such municipalities may meet and confer for that
purpose. It embodies a complete code of procedure for the forma-
tion of such union water districts. The importance — present
and future alike— of such legislative machinery is apparent.
Manifestly, municipalities contiguous and closely interrelated may
by uniting derive their water supply from some common source,
much more cheaply and satisfactorily than would be possible
were they to act separately or discordantly.

Union Water Disrricr Provecrs

Meantime progress has been made in the surveys and prelim-
inary plans for the Orleans project, which contemplates the sup-
plying of water to sixty municipalities in the counties of Erie,

36 Tuirp AnnuaL Report oF THE

Niagara, Orleans, Genesee and Monroe. It is demonstrated that
the Orleans water supply project presents a most desirable op-
portunity of eliminating the hand-to-mouth water supply condi-
tions of that region and substituting a supply adequate alike in
quantity and in quality.

Complete surveys have been made for the so-called Charlton
project, to supply water to Cohoes, Watervliet, Green Island and
Waterford; these municipalities having already formed a union
water district under chapter 233, Laws of 1913.

fF

Power DEvELOPMENT ON NAVIGABLE STREAMS

The decision of the United States Supreme Court in the Chand-
ler-Dunbar case goes far toward clarifying the relations of the
public toward power development on navigable streams. We
recommend the enactment of a law patterned after chapter 264,
35 statutes, pages 815-820, of the Laws of the United States, and
providing that powers created or made possible by the construc-
tion of the Barge canal shall not be disposed of in any way with-
out the concurrence of this Commission after public notice and
hearing.

The Commission has continued the surveying of streams in
order to ascertain the amount of developed and undeveloped water
powers, storage possibilities, ete. A survey of the Saranac river
has been made and will be prepared for publication during the
coming year. ‘The results of the Oswegatchie power survey,
made in the summer of 1912, will appear in the complete report
of this division for the present year.

DRAINAGE PROJECTS

It is desirable that the drainage of the 100,000 acres of swamp
land in the State should go forward with the least possible de
lay; and the highest court of the State having now decided litiga-

‘tion, under the river improvement act, in a manner favorable to

the workability of drainage projects, this Commission proposes to
push this feature of its work with as great energy as funds will

permit.

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 37

CANASERAGA CREEK IMPROVEMENT

It is the intention to complete construction work on this im-
portant improvement during 1914.

The work as designed requires thirty-four miles of improved
and new channels, provided approximately as follows:

Mile

Me emer eneoka pint puna eke Ne OO es 15
ERE reamlanercekey yan Ge sai ae | te Pa we dee OO 2
CEISNES) CUTIE UN 'es 4 Gt yall GIRO isle ent eR ot ea 514
12 S2CNGVET "GLC a IMAI GO aa rat en DN ies ea ip ane 734
aR rm MUNCIE ret te eke AUS chs oes uhls ee has Ge a a)h, ehdocl 2
LoS, MUST. SGC WeRCae a ty ceinee by UME a AR) RI: een oe 134

A number of new highway and farm bridges, and other inci-
dental work, are included in the improvement.

The greatest flood in the history of the Canaseraga valley oc
eurred in the early spring of 1913. The Genesee river at its
junction with the Canaseraga creek rose to the highest elevation
on record, or possibly seven inches higher than ever formerly
recorded. The elevation of the flood at said junction was 568.6
above tide, U. 8S. G. S. datum. This high flood caused. back water
as far south or up stream as Groveland. From a point about one
mile north of Cumminsville the valley generally was overflowed
for a short time all the way down stream to near Groveland, there
meeting the back water effects from the Genesee river.

South of Cumminsville and entirely outside of the Canaseraga
Creek Improvement District, the Canaseraga creek burst its
natural bounds and artificial banks, and the flood waters caused
considerable damage at Cumminsville and in the valley up stream
therefrom for a distance of about one mile to the southward. The
town of Groveland appropriated a sum sufficient, and from the
proceeds has constructed dikes, pile, timber and brush protection,
and excavated some enlargement to the natural channel, and seem-
ingly completed the same in a good and workmanlike manner.
It is beheved that this protection will prevent further flood dam-
age at and south of Cumminsville for many years to come.

38 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Decided Benefits

The enlarged improved channels of Canaseraga creek and the
other channels have, so far as completed (October 1, 1913), re

sulted in decided benefits to the inhabitants of the improvement

district, and greatly reduced the degree of damages which have
heretofore occurred from flood conditions. It is apparent that in
lessening the menace to public health and safety, or possibly
wholly eliminating the same, and in incidental ways, the work
will be of great benefit to the improvement district.

The proceeds of the sale of $200,000 of bonds for this improve-
ment district work, plus premium, accrued interest and interest
earned on bank balances, amounted on October 1, 1913, to $223,-
450.70, from which $134,859.07 has been expended, leaving a
eash balance October 1, 19138, of $88,591.63. Previous to the
sale of the bonds there had been expended for the purposes of
improvement from the proceeds of a number of appropriations
made by the State, and in addition to the sums set forth above,
$9,518.85, all or a large part of which under the provisions of
statute law is to be refunded by the improvement district to the
State treasury.

SUPERVISION Over Dams

Under the provisions of section 22 of the Conservation Law
jurisdiction over dams, including structures for impounding
water, is vested in the Conservation Commission.

Plans and specifications for fifty-four dams have been approved
by the Commission during the fiscal year. Of these, eighteen
were new or original construction, and thirty-six to replace dams
which were so far decayed, disintegrated, etc., as to be unsafe.
Among such new dams are a number of large and important struc-
tures in the Hudson, Oswegatchie, Saranac, Salmon, Raquette,
Black and other rivers.

Before the construction of any new dam is started, the site and
foundation thereof are carefully examined, and other inspections
are made from time to time during construction. Sixty-eight
dams inspected have been ordered strengthened or improved.
Seventeen dams have failed or gone out during the year, none of
which were large or important structures, and nearly all of which

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 39

were so small, or impounded so small a quantity of water, that
their going out did not cause any serious damage.

Fewer Dam Failures

The lessening in the number of dam failures compared with
previous years, is very noticeable, particularly as to large and im-
portant structures, and is due mostly, if not wholly, to careful
supervision under the Conservation Law. It is a result the more
noteworthy in view of the flood conditions of the past year.

No dams built under plans and specifications approved by the
Commission have failed. Supervision by the Commission has not
only protected human beings and property from floods caused by
the failure of dams, but has proved of great advantage to the
owners of dams. The loss to owners and the cost of reconstructing
dams which have failed by reason of improper designs or defective
construction, which has amounted to large sums in the past, is
believed now to be almost eliminated as a result of this supervision.

Water SuppLty APPLICATIONS

The work of the Commission during the past year in the
equitable apportionment of the water supply resources of the
State among the inhabitants thereof is briefly indicated by the
following table:

Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

40

Se cr Ose 8: 8m Ip) 6" 6h:

aye 8) (Ms 10) ee 6). 8 Bile ie eee

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Chole omy
SI6l “13 ‘use
s16L ‘6g Alne
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SI6I ‘FI ‘qq
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S161 ‘6I Av
Ciel Ls. eect
Stel Tt] cally:

2381900 04

qT leg

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GI6I ‘GI ‘AON
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CoNSERVATION ComMMISSION

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Cle. 11
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42 TuHrrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Supervision of Water Supply Needed

Complaints in large number have been received with regard to
service rendered and quality of water supplied by water supply
corporations, and rates charged therefor. Many cases are alleged
where water is being supplied for domestic consumption which is
so impure as to be entirely unfit. This State should follow the
example of other States, by exercising supervision over all such
matters to the extent that other public service corporations are
regulated. State authorities should be able to forbid the supply-
ing of contaminated water to any public distribution system in
order to protect the health of the community.

All sewerage and drainage projects, plans for which must re-
ceive the approval of any State Commission or department, must
also be approved by this Commission. During the past year
ninety-nine such applications have come before this Commission
for action, all of which we approved.

HyproGRAPHIC INVESTIGATIONS

During the fiscal year the making of measurements of rainfall
and stream flow and the recording thereof has been continued in
cooperation with the United States Geological Survey.

The work has been somewhat extended and some new stations
added, and the service generally somewhat improved, while the
cost has remained the same, namely, $10,000 per annum.

These records are more and more useful as time goes on by rea-
son of the greater period of time covered thereby, due to which
more minimum and maximum rainfall and stream flow conditions
are covered and averages obtained over longer periods of time.

The importance of the records to those interested in hydraulic
and hydro-electric subjects is yearly increasing, and the usefulness
of the work fully warrants its very moderate cost.

LEGAL BUREAU

The work of this bureau consists of the examination and
preparation of all cases for violations of the Conservation Law in
relation to fish, game, lands and forests, and actions in eject-
ment to recover the possession of property owned by the

CONSERVATION COMMISSION 43

State, including the examination of titles. A summary of the
eases thus examined and referred to the Attorney-General for
prosecution is appended to this report. ‘The counsel to the Com-
mission also advises the heads of all divisions of the Conservation
Commission and during the year has rendered a large number of
opinions. ‘The office of assistant counsel has been abolished.

In addition to the actions prosecuted through the Attorney-
General, this Commission has been carrying on important litiga-
tion to uphold the power of the Commission in relation to the
improvement of water courses for the benefit both of health and
property. A proceeding for the improvement of the Canaseraga
creek instituted by the predecessor of this Commission, the State
Water Supply Commission, under chapter 734 of the Laws of
1904, was attacked by certain property owners, claiming that
the improvement scheme contemplated not simply and solely the
regulation of the flow of Canaseraga creek and intersecting water
courses, but also involved the drainage of adjacent lands. Ina
decision rendered by the Court of Appeals in this case on October
21, 1913, the power of the Commission to prosecute such an im-
provement was upheld.

In disposing of the objections made by property owners the
Court of Appeals points out that the language of the statute
plainly contemplates not merely the regulation of the flow of the
principal stream, but also such incidental work as may tend to aid
in regulating the flow of water so as best to promote the purposes
of the improvement, to wit, the safety and health of the public,
and that a river improvement scheme is not invalidated because
incidentally it involves the drainage of adjacent territory.

All of which is respectfully submitted.

GEORGE E. VAN KENNEN,
JAMES W. FLEMING,
JOHN D. MOORE,

Conservation Commissioners.

Axupany, N. Y., January 15, 1914.

44. Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

MEMORANDUM BY COMMISSIONER FLEMING

I am in hearty accord with the general policy of conserving
and utilizing the water powers of the State; but I do not agree
with my associates upon the plan of utilization and the places at
which the policy shall be initiated. It is proposed to inaugurate
the policy ot generating electric current by the State, by means
of the construction of power plants at Crescent and Vischer
Ferry on the Mohawk river operated by the surplus waters of
that river, and its distribution to the municipalities in what is
known as the Capital district. At these points and for many
miles to the west of them, the enlarged Erie Canal will be in
the Mohawk river which is to be canalized. It is conceded by all,
that during certain portions of the year, there will be no surplus
waters which could be used for power plants. It is admitted by
those who favor the proposition, that because of the recognized
deficiency of water, auxiliary steam plants must be constructed
and kept ready for use to generate and transmit the electric cur-
rent. How long such auxiliaries must be operated is, of course,
uncertain. It all depends on whether there is water in the canal
over and above what is necessary for the navigation of the canals.
The future alone can demonstrate whether there will be surplus
waters sufficient in quantity and for sufficient length of time to
make it worth while for the State to embark upon an expenditure
of hundreds of thousands of dollars in the erection of power
plants. Time and experience are the best instructors. It is well
enough to talk about engineers’ estimates, but every intelligent
man knows that such estimates are liable to be faulty. Many of
the most sincere and earnest advocates of the canal system believe
that the installation of such plants on the theory of surplus waters
in the canal, would impair the navigation of the canal or at least
would be a mistake, and possibly a very costly one, until the canal
is completed and in actual operation, so that its necessities will
be known and the extent of the surplus waters be ascertained. It
seems to me that their view is worthy of the highest considera-
tion. It substitutes fact and experience for “ estimates.”’ The
people have voted to expend nearly one hundred and thirty mil-
linos of dollars -for the enlargement of canals and the establish-

CONSERVATION COMMISSION 45

ment of State terminals and the primary purpose was to afford
additional facilities for commerce and stimulate and increase the
industrial and commercial activities of the people. The canal
referendum act of 1903, through which the people gave their
consent to canal enlargement, contains this provision:

“The supply of water for the Erie Canal shall be suf-
ficient for the uses of the canal with at least ten million tons
of freight carried on it per year.”

This figure is largely in excess of the tonnage carried on all
the canals of the State in their palmiest days. The new canal
will greatly exceed in width and depth the existing canal. The
major portion of it will be in canalized lakes and rivers. The
river portion ot the Mohawk will be 200 feet in width and 12
feet in depth as against the old canal with a depth of 7 feet and
about 70 feet in width. The new locks will be three times the
length of the old ones. To carry the tonnage specified in the
statute and to permit of the lockage of boats, vastly greater
volumes of water will be needed. The State has provided only
two additional reservoirs to meet this demand in the eastern
division. Any one who will look at the Cohoes falls and the
Mohawk river during the dry season of the year and particularly
in the drought years, will be justified in entertaining very serious
doubts whether there will be any surplus waters in the Erie
canal at the time of year when the greatest demands for naviga-
tion will be made upon that canal. If such should prove to be
the case, it means that the auxiliary steam plant will be a very
large, if not the principal factor in creating and distributing the
electric current. I have yet to learn that the State can operate
steam plants commercially with any special advantage to itself
or to its citizens. The theory of the development of power at the
points named and its transfer to the neighboring municipalities
is that it will afford to the people light, heat and power at less
cost than they are now paying. Such popular support as the
proposition receives is based on this expectation. Whether this
would be the result under the conditions to which T have referred,
is uncertain and problematical.

46 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

It would seem to be the part of prudence, therefore, to postpone
embarking upon this enterprise until we can be better instructed
by facts and experience concerning the waters available at these
two points. Once the State gets into the thing, it would be
almost impossible to withdraw and appropriations either from the
State or from the localities affected will pile one upon another
to operate the plants.

It must not be inferred from the foregoing that I am opposed
to the State inaugurating and enforcing a policy for the conserva-
tion and use of the water powers which are now going to waste.
The best method for doing this is, however, a serious question
upon the part of intelligent persons, but the folly of the past
cannot be corrected by the commission of a new blunder.

ADDENDA

[47]

CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT

Summary of Receipts and Disbursement from Various Sources,
Exclusive of Regular Accounts with the State Comptroller
for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30 1913.

Receipts from fines and penalties............... $39,666 24
PCG MCONSES iH 6 cele waa tide als 5 sie ¥ 0 6) 9 285 00
“VEEL LCR SS a 0 ie Sa erga ge een 15,014 56
mimmatine licenses, residents .............-.+-.:. 157,690 00
inmime licenses, non-resident ..............-- 3,020 00
Hunting licenses, non-resident tax.............. 780 00
imenmtals trom shellfish lands................++5- 29,087 59
importation of foreign PamMe... 2... eee sa. «a's LIE LOG LO
Be ReegMMNMEAON Ue yee ha fee oe =) ww! + os 'the. ia GA A mS 8m 9,657 64
Sivppine permits out of State................. 102 00
Siuppims permits into State................... 282 60
irespass on State lands...) 2.0... 0.2.22. c ee ee 30,407 21
CLs ah treed ieee ailile a Se ene 10,959 60
LSS. TESTOR SRE 2 eI Oe a 4,413 11
TS HEE, {TOUS Re ORR OR RE EE RR en eee 811 68
mmiccellancous receipts... ...-- 6. «kee ss eee ee 2,588 14
1 SHCTUUIG ACS OEE) ino Sa a re a ih) Pear ieee 68 86
PSO TMCS i. ee vg ee Bide ee eee ® 407 54
Notalenecenmie i aes ree et oR ee hk ees $316,407 87
ee
Disbursements
By cost of collecting, refunds, etc. . $271 64
By checks to State Treasurer...... 316,136 28

$316,407 87

[49]

50 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES FOR THE FiscaL YEaR ENDING

SEPTEMBER 30, 1913.

For official. salaries, Commissioners and deputies,
secretaries, chief engineer, counsel, confidential

agents, etc. ..s0)s. a Waele Nad, sate, eee e $99,311 81
For salaries of graded employees, auditor, steno-

oraphers and clerks) 4) ..c20 grea es wee rates een 9,660 00
For salaries of additional employees, Bureau of

Publication, sete 25s) cama nk ee eee eee ee 2,000 Of
For traveling expenses and disbursements of Com-

missioners and deputies, counsel, secretaries,

officials, inspectors, experts and other employees. 11,363 77
For office expenses, rent, repairs, furniture, fuel,

light, books, blanks, printing, postage, trans-

PONEATI OH, - Che. 4, ck iri'S aie che eee eee enue 27,317 97
For temporary services, stenographers, etc....... 751 40
Bureau of Publication — expenses ............ 18 25

$151,529 17
Ss SRS SSS
Division oF FisH anp GAME
For salaries of chief protector, assistant chief,

twelve division chief protectors, five marine

fisheries protectors and 105 protectors......... $122,911 38
For traveling expenses and disbursements of pro-

tectors and special protectors ............... 74,346 48
For payment of moieties to complainants, justices,

constables, attorneys and court costs.......... 15,232 08
For printing-eame laws. 20s ee ee ie ay a
For maintenance and hire of steamboats and

launches patrolling State waters............. 2,550 05
For tags and ‘tagzine maehimes,! 2... Yoe ee 534 31
For printing and advertising regulations........ 523 33

$291,252 42

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION

Hunters’ License Bureau

Wor sealtaaynom licence clerisyaie O64. N20 Va <0). $1,500 00
Horiprinimey hunters: licenses... 2-0 -.,2). 26. 24): 2,200 00
For postage, transportation of packages and ex-

memcesor license: bureau. 200. WoW. ks ee 4,112 38
ier tees paid to county clerks... 200. 2,837 81

$10,650 19
Marime Fisheries Bureau
For salaries of supervisor, deputy, clerks and

PROUCELORG. 3s. Ur etn Seer ey ORE $13,689 64
For rent of office, postage, stationery, printing and

2 LLNS] UG TS Sy a ae ae a ie nar Re a N22) VT

$20,811 81
Propagation and Distribution of Fish and Game
For maintenance of fish hatcheries and collection

and distribution of fish and fry... 2.20... $60,043 45
Construction of new hatchery, St. Lawrence county. 17,963 73
Wew Watehery, Warren county......0..0.../....% 301 42
eeramy Or fish enlburisine. cS Oe oi oP 4,000 00
Salaries of nine hatchery foremen.............. 9,495 00
Salary and expenses of game bird farm......... 8,424 72

$100,228 32
Division oF [yLtanp WatTERS
Salaries of engineers and employees............ $16,753 87
Hydrographic investigations, expenses.......... P1853 GY
Appraisal and sale of surplus water expenses.... 4,467 38
Surveys, investigations and river improvement ex-

TD STS SiS Rite CU Oe ete least fae ee cima kel ol ge ae nena a 19,295 15
Investigating drainage improvement............ 159 31
Envestieation river struetures../5............-.. 1,996: 89
alates Of two Pate tenders. 1-0... 1,100 00
Willan Tecervolr) expenses. 2605 6.2.6. s ee ee 1,002 77

$56,634 04

Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

On
bo

Division oF Lanps anp ForzEsts

Forest preserve land purchase, expenses.........
Horestey, iburean expenses. j. |... io... @aieee 6 ae
Maintenance and equipment of fire patrol.......
Surveying and protecting State’s title to land....
Rebates! to towns, os... ..0o'hs wi Sao
Retenesting denuded lands.i.. 2.28. see een
St. Lawrence reservation, maintenance..........
John roen homestead: reparrsy any: hie
Newanap of Catskill oye .tpticetius see eee ©
Salaries of Superintendent, deputy, foresters, dis-

trict rangers and fire inspectors. .-....i).<5..«
Reimbursing Jay Hand, trespass case..........

Total expenditures .

we 2) @ (ee mia el i a ie, were) ee ee. Cem. ee wee

$192
18
97,705
3,454
476
42,931
17

19

15

39,011
60

$183,204

$744,104

19

9 SS a

CANASERAGA CREEK IMPROVEMENT FuND

Balance in National Commercial Bank, Albany,
N.'Y:, October 1, 1912)... 424058 eee
Interest on deposits and refunds to October 1,
DOTS. el ah eek i oe ee

3,947

$145,267 43

48

$149,214 91

Disbursements
Paid D. C. Stephens, contractor on

CONSHUCHMOI: jp yh weiwices deuce eeaeneees $41,446 72
Paid Manhattan Co., interest on
botida.-auuaee autos alee 10,000 00
Services and expenses of engineers,
attorneys and miscellaneous ac-
COTES . s) jini tener eee eee 9,176 56
"Fotall oc. occiipieee aenee neta eas 2 etree, hee aaa a eee
Balance in National Commercial Bank,

October 1, 1908 33 cine eae el ee

60,623

28

$88,591 63

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 53

REPORT OF CONSERVATION BUREAU, ATTORNEY-GEN-
ERAL’S OFFICE, RELATIVE TO LITIGATIONS

As provided by the Conservation Law, the Conservation Com-
mission transmitted to the Attorney-General all orders to bring
actions, suits and proceedings which the Commission was author-
ized to institute and maintain.

At the date of the last annual report, there were pending eighty-
two actions. Many of these actions had been transferred to the
Attorney-General from the Legal Department of the Forest, Fish
and Game Commission.

During the year 1913, twenty-four actions in ejectment involv-
ing title to lands in Township 15, Totten and Crossfield’s Pur-
chase, Hamilton County, were tried before Honorable Irving G.
Vann, official referee. These actions have been pending for
many years and the State has finally established its title to a large
quantity of land within this township which had heretofore been
considered questionable.

Two actions brought against the New York Central and Hud-
son River Railroad Company for damage to lands caused by fires
alleged to have been set by the railroad company’s engines were
successfully prosecuted in Herkimer and Franklin Counties and
verdicts recovered aggregating $23,000. The verdict in the action
in the Herkimer County fire case has been affirmed in the Appel-
late Division and is now pending in the Court of Appeals. The
verdict in the Franklin County action has not been disturbed,
argument having been had on the appeal from the judgment in
the Appellate Division.

There have been disposed of by action since January 1, 1913,
the following cases:

De ESTES Segre cept kj as 5 Re a 15
Me hieaniGl ere he A AR me Pe ee elas 31
TETipers 8 Ga BO RY oD Des ee a ea 4
ETB OTS 3 SLA ce ile i US 6 esi aS ear a 29
Wemversronunnne te Man S a lee yk ol ON. BEE 1
YAUSSUNTIER Se oct SAE NENS LUSRADEE So pega oe Sere ona mae ae A 1
Undertaking on appeal from judgment...........+...- af

54 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CONSERVATION COMMISSION.

Of the cases pending and started during 1913, there are still

pending:

Trespass aire beg ayeigiere lap. each s eee wean pa etre he Joo wh indies 13
ish wand eramre es Meas ee incre we mses ed eA BLISS i 28
| Te Ea a cg re SOM Lac EOL sl MSD s/t Ae A ae Sede 4
| (GI TT 2 rea daa Naa Sl hPa an Malet leet i meted 40
Delvastde | MGeMIeNt (Yee Acc ho iecle ene Meee an tr as 1
Balee ‘arresa: 65 ae tie et het eet ene ene ee eee 1

Of the ninety-four orders to prosecute on hand January 1, 1918,
action has been taken as follows:

Cameelled i: cit Wie ete kas tl cial e oil eee ean) eae 58
Closed ,before commencing Action. . 51. iclsi- bene coke see 15
ALGHAOW: BLATEEG: (0a, 50,0 x .ate a APe oe es sekadley sic eeon ee ee e af
PST UME ek os aE sca Poe Pde pantie eee 6
ClOSOd ii), sa Box a niane erates beets eee 5
Orders held, awaiting data, Ci. <tc toeee se bo ele 10

Of the ninety-three orders received since January 1, 1913,
action has been taken as follows:

Action. commenced). 06 vs. 00eL, 0 Ae ee 55
Closed Pending

ishand “eames OLN tN 12° Fish“and eames). 16
cpecpass Me FULT EY Oe 9° “Trespass aaa e a one eee ak
AER he A LER LA Bh 1 Kieeimenr a) eae 1
ire ee Ae: ko FOES OE Bape Wee ee gee See Te 2
Palsevartesh Melo 8 1 ==
— 30

25 =

Orders closed before action was started:

Pushi Scimielh oarige eee RY SB o c) ae 10
TOSS 1 See ner 20 os a’, (a. nar
JE yectmenis 5 ee erate us oc) 0") aol a 1

sari 14
Held awaiting: sdaieerewery tg cia tis oy ois eigen he te 24

There has been collected for penalties and costs by the Attorney-
General and remitted to the Commission the sum of $30,743.69
during the vear 1913.

ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE

DIVISION OF LANDS AND FORESTS

(FORESTRY BUREAU)

a TET

CONTENTS

PAGE

eae TE RT LOT yee a ae on eerie a Meena Bee Ges ale aes, ie ave ocbleacie a's 59
EC IBECSOINVC ere teeny ee ois ah ke 8 Si es edlaneal ike Wb a eb ed ay Weekes ee,
“LIREIRSTEE SSS dis aa esate SMA eRe ea Pre NET on gt eee ea ge 59
“TSE EGoI NAOT 2.0 ON RS EIS SR OR ote A Oe 61

Pe QUID SATS a 5 ele lh Re Sekt ioe UR ag eA rr ee 63

“OP TLGE 5 oS eevee oie IE ORAS es BCR iam a ORSON et cot, ace ee a na 63

1 ELEDVA RHO as SSUES eI AREGEN, 12 ene SR a Reree dE Od oe eS Ne Re 64
SOEs: eC ONSUILUUION Aye te a ow ae ees ewe Ses bs Jato Rs dea lbw 69
eee eE CUE TOLCChIONy a sett a ts Ts ieee, be Bind) Se een ahi wis ete leant tele § 70
Pe CEMTVE dy LCASTITCS sce HOME o/s hc o's ss eS haie ert e eave b Gee shane a/o deel e ayer Ta

LETS REGLTIN Ws JULI SUSIE IETS GINORS ee PI ee UR Ue ar POP a $4

LO PEPES GUL AiLTCE SY AGP | Sa ec ER ea 88
ere ecm Us ue ee rs eee astra S 24 chases tye Gg Alc aie aieie Bebeh oust dees ise g 96
RPI TCL ALOU es eer ew eae a ae TAL epi Were he his Aes bee vee Wee eee 97

TP ET ESS TETRIS ECOUIS! 527 oral WRIA a OIE a NSP at are he a a ne 99
SUDATISTHVGE! & lls oo Ac Geo eS oF SER Sates acer aha 99
“SETDEGE: GP STLYE 0! NG Se | Sh i ee a aro eae a 100

web TOBE oy OR as es ER DM eee Ne i te ee ee ee aa Pe 102
TCE RSISTE Sy Gc CR gen a Ses GE kd le E20 1 102
SUPL EE DINE: gay as Pn Th en eet aa ae AL Ee eo cand 103
“SINE LUT ISL, Cav tere ON a ey OE aM aoe WR Re ek A SYP ge 106
pL NE LECURES TR LEI] 8 LETC OE SEE RR I ga a 107
LUGE, LD SSP SERS Bee Bie ON i Rie Rs Oo pe Oe 107
PSuSTTRE LIST SYCEIOS EGP a os SEO Ref oO Ura een 107
Mangcement of Lands at Clinton Prison...:....<..05..<....<-.......5-- 108
SHES VIGIL IAS) VAT Be: nc i Pe a ne 114
ESSIEISTOD eS ple A Re eee Re eee 115
ALEIOM Ol OLERE EAMES Hone shes as kpc oakaclhcudcswoavabeascsnees 116
ROEEATETTOIER SG ge Baty oie S Sigel Sey as Ue REN ed Oa a 123

Siis UP RVIRA DES Lae, = Ua enn os SO I EG eal Sa 123
ROLE EUs yee ee ei tenn mR at YS atid «eared 123

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RT

REPORT OF THE FORESTRY BUREAU

Hon. Cuarues H. Jacxson, Deputy Commissioner, Division of
Lands and Forests, Conservation Commission, Albany, N. Y.:

Srr.—I respectfully submit the following report relative to the
affairs of this bureau for the year 1913.

The subjects to be considered are forest preserve, forest fire
protection, forest products, reforesting, and ‘State forest problems.

FOREST PRESERVE

The main duties in connection with this vast area consist in
protecting it from trespass and fire. On account not only of its
large area but the fact that it is bounded by and has intermixed
with it private holdings of large and small ‘areas, it is necessary
to exercise the greatest diligence over an extended area in order
to properly protect the Preserve from trespass. The same fact
links the matter of state fire protection with that of the private
owners. ‘The various phases of the work will be separately con-
sidered.

TRESPASS

The decrease in the number of ‘trespasses has been very grati-
fying; only sixteen cases have been reported, and the total value
of material is $2,008.25. There was probably not more than one
case of deliberate theft. In this instance the trespasser was
quickly detected and only $14.93 worth of material cut. Ten of
the sixteen cases occurred on land in which private owners dis-
pute the State’s title. The largest trespass was caused by an
erroneous survey. A man who owned a lot adjacent to State land,
desiring to lumber his lot, employed a surveyor to locate his lands
before the lumbering operations were commenced. This surveyor
located a State lot rather than the private property. The con-
tractor commenced cutting on State land but was soon detected.
The value of the material cut was $1,683.86. We promptly made

[59]

60 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

a survey, determined the correct boundaries and stopped the opera-
tion before any timber was removed. The operators, not having
removed any of the logs cut, suffered a large loss on account of
the money which they had paid for cutting the timber and the
fine of $3,000. If an exception is made of the last named trespass,
together with those in which the State’s title is questioned, the
damage is practically nil. This report is very creditable in face
of returns of a few years ago when the computed value of the
material was from $20,000 to $40,000 per annum.

Orren Camps

The Forest Preserve, at the present time, is a great playground
for the people. It has been the policy of this Commission to en-
courage its use for such purposes, but building of structures has
been prohibited, only tents with board floors being permitted. A
large number of people go into the woods for seclusion, quietude
and to get away from the ordinary lines of travel, and it has not
always been convenient or possible for them to pack tents which
they might require for camping purposes. The cost of packing
such outfits is expensive and tends to restrict the legitimate use
of the forest area. Application was made to this Commission for
permission to erect upon State land in the Forest Preserve open
camps under such rules, regulations and restrictions as the Com-
mission might impose. The matter deserved careful consideration,
and received it. It was determined that such camps would tend
to increase the usefulness of the Preserve, and that such places
would also be useful for men who might be needed to fight forest
fires. An open camp is one in which but three sides are enclosed,
therefore, it cannot be locked, or other steps taken which would
lead to exclusion. believing that the interests of the people would
be better served by having a reasonable number of such buildings
erected in proper places suitably distributed, the Commission
formulated and adopted the following rules in regard to open
camps:

Resolved, That the following rules and regulations be and the
same hereby are adopted in relation to the construction and use
of trails and open camps upon State land:

N CAMP.”

)

“ OPE

—

ick Camp and Tra

a

ond

y Adi

Built by

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 61

1. No person, association or corporation shall build any trail or
open camp upon State land without first obtaining written per-
mission from the Conservation Commission.

2. The location of such trails and open camps shall be fixed by
the Commission.

3. Application for permission to construct such open camps
shall state the source of supply and the character of the material
to be used, and no such camp shall be constructed until the
character of the material and the source of the supply thereof shall
be approved by the Commission.

4. All such camps shall contain a conspicuous sign reading as
follows:

mas CAMP 1s THR PROPERTY OF THE STATE OF
NEW YORK AND IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC

Such sign shall be maintained at such camps by the person,
association or corporation constructing the camp.

5. A suitable fire-place shall be constructed and maintained in
front of such camp, the form and material thereof to be approved
by the Commission.

6. No such camp shall be occupied by the same person or per-
sons more than ten days in any year, nor more than three nights
in succession. This rule shall not apply to State employees while
engaged in fighting fires. A copy of this rule shall be posted and
maintained in a conspicuous place at such camp.

7. The Commission may remove or discontinue the use of any
such camps at any time.

-8. No building, camp or structure shall be erected on State land
except as above provided.

CLASSIFICATION

The State of New York is the largest individual land owner in
the Adirondacks. It is assessed and is paying taxes on the major
portion of its property. The assessment of such lands is made
by the local assessors and the State has almost no voice in the
valuation which is put upon these properties. The statute requires
that the Comptroller shall approve the assessment-roll, but, on the
other hand, he has no information as to the character of the
growth or the value of the property which is assessed. Other land
owners, large or small, have examined their properties, know the

62 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

character of the growth and the value at which it should be
assessed. It is, indeed, time that a systematic examination of the
State’s property be made. The saving that would be made in
taxes would more than pay for the expense of such examination.

The question of the character of the timber upon the land which
the State owns, where it is located, and other facts in this con-
nection will be of primary importance in determining any question
of the management of the property. In another part of this
report the question of revenue to the State from this area will be
discussed.

A systematic examination of these lands by competent foresters
should be made. Valuation surveys, by measuring all the growth
upon a certain percentage thereof, ought to be undertaken at once.
There would then be reliable data available for necessary purposes.

The definition of the Forest Preserve provides that lands ac-
quired by the State under foreclosure of loan commission mort-
gages shall become a part of the preserve, if situated in Forest
Preserve counties and if they were wild at the time of the fore-
closure of the mortgage. An examination of nearly all of these
lands has been made the past year, in order that a determination
could be made as to whether or not they constitute a part of the
Forest Preserve. It has been found that there are lands so acquired
by the State within the Adirondack and Catskill Parks which are
not, under the definition, a part of the Forest Preserve. <A
statute should be enacted providing that all lands acquired by the
State under such proceedings within the Adirondack and Catskill
Parks would automatically become a part of the Preserve.

A new list of lands owned by the State in the Forest Preserve
counties has been prepared and is submitted as an appendix to
this report. The previous list was compiled in 1909 and it has
been found to be erroneous in many instances. In this publication
the lands constituting the Forest Preserve have been separately
listed, while other lands are included in the appendix of that
volume. This classification will materially change the total area
of the Preserve. The reasons for these changes will be found in
the introduction to the list of lands. |

ore E LANDS

FOREST

DELAWARE PRESERVE

RHODE
ISLAND

312,000 A. 800,000 A.

AREA OF NEW YORK STATE FOREST PRESERVE
COMPARED TO THE STATES OF DELAWARE AND RHODE ISLAND

STATE OWNERSHIP PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
14 BILLION FEET 24 BILLION FEET

STANDING TIMBER IN ENTIRE STATE

800,000 A.

PARTIALLY LUMBERED

HEAVY FOREST MEDIUM
FOREST

CHARACTER
OF THE

FOREST PRESERVE

DIV. OF LANDS & FORESTS
CONSERVATION COMMISSION

ATE or NEW YORK

Astaire abe Ded ea NW al age a Ne

—
be ee Pee ee ee ee ee ae eee oe ae .

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 63

BouNDARIES

The most difficult task in connection with the administration of
State lands is the location of the boundaries. It is a well estab-
lished principle that the lines as located by original surveys must
govern. The major portion of such original surveys were made a
century or more ago and, in the interval, through fire and lum-
bering, many of the monuments made by the original surveyors
have been destroyed. It is, therefore, a difficult task, in many
instances, for the rangers, who are charged with the protection of
the Preserve, to determine the lines. ‘This work is further com-
plicated by the fact that oftentimes subsequent and erroneous
lines have been made by incompetent surveyors. If the Forest
Preserve is to be maintained and protected, the first principle of
forest administration, namely, the location of the boundaries,
must be systematically and energetically carried on. During the
past year there was no appropriation for this work. There are
at the present time a large number of cases in which surveys are
imperative in order to determine whether or not trespasses have
been committed. The old monuments are rapidly disappearing,
and the work can be done more economically at the present than
in the future. The establishment of these lines will have a very
beneficial effect in reducing trespass and, furthermore, enable us
to secure greater efficiency from the forest rangers.

TITLES

The fact that the State is the owner of such a large area, title
to which has been acquired in various ways, naturally produces
some cases in which there are persons who claim adversely to the
State. In 1897 the State purchased from the Indian River Com-
pany townships 15 and 32, Totten and Crossfield’s Purchase,
nearly all of which was in Hamilton county. There were upon
township 15, at the time of the purchase, several families. There
has been pending for several years action against these occupants
to determine title. During the past year this office, in co-operation
with the Attorney-General’s office, made a careful examination of
the State’s title. Old deeds not on record were discovered and re-
corded and thereby we established a perfect title subject to cer-

64 Tuirp AnnuaL REportT OF THE

tain claims of adverse possession. A survey of the township and
the occupancies has been made and all the facts submitted to the
court. As a result, title to nearly the entire township has been
perfected and, by judicial determination, vested in the State.
There are other cases where similar procedure should be taken.

UTILIZATION

The Forest Preserve to-day contains over 1,825,000 acres
of land, an area twice the size of the State of Rhode Island,
larger than the State of Delaware, and about half the size of the
State of Connecticut. It embraces nearly 7,000 parcels situated
in sixteen counties, intermixed with approximately five times as
large an area of private property, and is bounded by over 9,000
miles of lines. The topography, character and forest growth is as
diversified as is its distribution. The best statistics which we
have as to its classification are as follows:

NATO LOTS bh Liss ow ei Canin io Geh Stel a ol ae ae a 70,000 acres
Lumlbered sland ..5 ca ele el ho oe See oe 1,434,000 acres
Demuded, lambda ate coio dae ian econ ate eee ae 120,000 acres
AE hie: gemey Remeer oe Trier) Lee aigien inerb ren eT MR NRE lor a | 201,000 acres

This area includes some of the most valuable forests in the
entire State. The value of the entire holdings from a commercial
standpoint has been variously estimated, but $30,000,000 would
be a low appraisal.

The use of this great area is a matter of vital importance. The
constitutional provision practically prevents any direct use, ex-
cept for camping, hunting and fishing; and the indirect benefit is
protection to the watersheds. The entire wood production on this
enormous area is at present a total loss because, on the average,
decay equals the growth. It is fair to say that 1,250,000 acres .
are covered with heavy forest growth. A portion of this area
has never been lumbered, and large areas have not been cut over
in a quarter of a century. If we assume that the average annual
growth per acre is 200 feet, this, in the aggregate, means an
annual wood crop of 250,000,000 feet of lumber. Under proper
forest management the annual growth could be taken each year
and still the necessary forest would be maintained. Proper forest

IMPROVED
6 %

PRIVATE

(>)

PRIVATE PARKS

LUMBER & PULP
COMPANIES
25 %

15 %

THE
ADIRONDACK PARK
CLASSIFIED BY

OWNERSHIP

1914

DIV OF LANDS & FORESTS

CONSERVATION COMMISSION
STATE OF NEW YORK

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 65

methods do not mean denudation of the Adirondacks, or destruc-
tion of the forest cover. This annual growth of 250,000,000
feet is approximately one-quarter the entire lumber cut of the
State. It represents the amount that would be secured by clear
cutting each year approximately 25,000 acres of land. If cut
into inch boards there would be sufficient lumber to build a board
walk 160 feet wide from Albany to Buffalo.

The discussion preliminary to the establishment of the Forest
Preserve indicates that its purpose was to provide for a future
supply of timber, and to serve as a protection to the headwaters
of streams, also for resort and recreation purposes; but all these
ends could be accomplished, and at the same time the growth of
the timber be utilized. The present constitution, however, prac-
tically prevents any use of this great area. Article VII, section 7,
of the State Constitution, reads as follows:

‘‘All lands now owned or hereafter acquired constituting
the forest preserve, as now defined by law, shall be forever
kept as wild forest lands, they shall not be leased, sold or
exchanged, or taken by any corporation, public or private,
nor shall the timber thereon be sold, removed or destroyed.”

During the two decades since that provision was adopted im-
portant economic, industrial and administrative changes have
taken place. At that time there was but a slight appreciation of
the importance of scientific forestry; there was not a single
American school of forestry, and probably not more than five pro-
fessional foresters in the whole country. The forests were then
generally considered as something the maximum quantity of which
was fixed and not capable of reproduction or increase by growth.
The area included has increased from 720,744 acres to more than
1,800,000 acres; our population has grown from 6,000,000 to
9,000,000 people. It is, therefore, apparent that the prohibition
was made at a time when there was but 40 per cent. of the present
area, 60 per cent. of the present population, and when the quan-
tity of material affected was but a small part of the whole. How-
ever, at the present time, the timber on State land is a large por-
tion of our total forest resources. It is estimated that the amount
of standing timber in the Forest Preserve counties in 1894 was

3

66 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

approximately 40,000,000,000 teet, board measure, and that this
quantity has decreased until at present there is not over 25,000,-
000,000 feet. It is estimated that in 1895 approximately
4,000,000,000 feet, or 10 per cent. was owned by the State, while
now the stumpage on State land is approximately 14,000,000,000
feet, or nearly 50 per cent. of the total in the Forest Preserve
counties, or 30 per cent. of the whole stumpage of the State.
During this period a change has resulted in the proportion of
lumber cut in this section from about 1 per cent. of the stand in
1894 to approximately 21% per cent. at the present time.

The present system does not best provide a future supply of
timber. If the annual increment were utilized it would tend to
increase forest preservation by reducing the demands upon other
areas. Price is regulated by supply and demand; therefore, de-
creased production of timber caused higher prices, and the in-
creased price tempts the owner to harvest his forest crop.

The timber cut of the State is decreasing. It has been reduced
from one and one-quarter billion feet in 1908 to less than one
billion feet in 1912. The cut of spruce in one of the largest coun-
ties has decreased from approximately 24,000,000 in 1910 to less
than half that amount in 1912. The present lumber cut of the
State is an enforced one. ‘The portable mills are manufacturing
what the larger operators are unable to secure. The cut is approx-
imately five times as much as the annual growth, and consumption
is at least sixteen times the growth. The question of the source of
supply of our necessary wood materials is one that must be seri-
ously considered. Our demands are great and, under present
methods, will soon lead to exhaustion, but if the resources of the
State are properly developed the necessary supply can be produced.

The present use of the Forest Preserve is protective and
aesthetic. The practice of proper forestry methods will not affect
either use. The lumbering operations under such practice as con-
ducted on the parks of Dr. Webb or the Whitney estate are
scarcely visible today. These forests have cleaner floors and are
freer from debris than similar areas on the State land, in fact
such operations have improved the appearance, the dead, down
and diseased trees having been removed.

Only a few people appreciate the fact that nearly all the

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CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 6

merchantable material in a forest is contained in a few of the
larger trees. The larger trees are but a small proportion of the
whole stand, therefore, their removal does not injure the forest
cover.

The purpose could be best accomplished by classifying the
Preserve into areas which should be maintained as protective
forests and into other areas which could be used for wood pro-
duction. The former would include mountain tops, steep slopes,
or other places where it might be difficult to maintain the forest
cover, and which should not, therefore, be lumbered. The latter
would include the lower and more level sections where operations
could be profitably conducted without injuring the forest cover,
leaving, however, belts around lakes and other places where the
aesthetic or camping interest was more important than the com-
mercial. The purpose of the lumbering operation would be not
only to secure wood materials but also to leave a growing forest
of suitable composition. The cutting would vary with different
conditions of soil, slope and species; in certain cases trees larger
than the diameter limit will be left for seed or other purposes,
while trees of smaller size will be cut for silvicultural reasons. In
no case should trees be cut except those that are marked and
stamped by a forester. The timber to be removed should be ad-
vertised and sold by competitive bidding, after the manner of
timber sales now conducted by the United States Forest Service.
The cutting of any trees not so marked would necessarily be con-
strued as a trespass.

The question of revenue is important. If we assume that the
annual production of 250,000,000 feet per year, already referred
to, is worth on the average of $4 per thousand stumpage, the
annual forest crop now going to waste would be worth one million
dollars. This would not be an inconsiderable source of revenue to
the State. In addition to the direct revenue, it would inaugurate
increased business in the forest sections and furnish employment
to labor. The importance of the lumber business is shown by the
fact that statistics indicate that for every thousand feet of lumber
manufactured $16 is paid for labor. The removal of the ripe
and overmature trees would give the remaining stand a large
amount of light, and the production of timber would thereby
eventually be largely increased.

68 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

The Forest Preserve is, at the present time, somewhat of a
luxury. It is difficult to compute its cost because nearly one-half
has been acquired through the non-payment of taxes. It is fair
to assume, however, that it represents an investment of approxi-
mately four million dollars. The interest on this amount at 5
per cent. is $200,000 per year. ‘The taxes which the State pays
upon this land amount to $150,000 per year. The cost of fire
protection and administration is approximately $15,000 per year;
therefore, the total annual carrying charge is not less than
$365,000 per year. The cost of fire protection at the present time
is not over onehalf of a mill per dollar of valuation, which is
insufficient. None of these charges is reducible.

The utilization of the ripe timber would change this deficit of
$365,000 per year into a net revenue of $635,000.

During the past few years there has been agitation for legis-
lation tending towards State control of cutting of forests on pri-
vate land. There is no doubt that some operators are sacrificing
their forests for present needs, and are cutting trees of too small
sizes, a practice which results not only in a loss to themselves but

in injury to the State. Their argument is that they have large

mills and investments which require the raw material. The regu-
lation of cutting on private lands would necessarily reduce the
supply which the mills are securing at the present time. If their
argument holds, the securing of a supply of raw material from
State land would enable them to lumber their lands more conserva-
tively and thus, instead of having State lands with large and
overmature forests and, at the same time private holdings which
have to a certain extent been severely cut, the result would be that
the entire territory would be lumbered conservatively, better
forests would be maintained over larger areas, and the entire pro-
duction of timber would be increased.

The Constitution also prohibits the leasing of camp sites.
There are in the Forest Preserve over 400 miles of suitable camp-
ing sites around lakes and ponds. There is enough for the rich
and the poor, the transient and the permanent camper. If a
portion of these shores could be leased, a large additional revenue
would be secured and, at the same time better fire protection would
result. It has been demonstrated beyond a doubt that a perma-

VIRGIN Forest ON STATE LAND.
Note uneven sized, crooked and dead trees. Compare with German forest. Greatest production not secured by nature.

CONSERVATION COMMISSION 69

nent camper has a personal interest in the locality where he re-
sides, while the transient is usually careless and lacks this interest.

There are about 130,000 acres of land in small isolated parcels,
sometimes as small as one-eighth of an acre, and in a few cases
consisting of a few hundred, scattered over large areas outside
the park and not answering any purpose required by the State.
They are expensive to protect and cannot be sold because the Con-
stitution prevents.

There are disadvantages as well as advantages in a change of
the constitutional prohibition but the balance is decidedly in sup-
port of more use of this large resource. As a question of economy,
is 1t wise to permit the annual waste of 250,000,000 feet of lumber
worth, at least, $1,000,000? Should not this great area be made
not only self supporting but revenue producing? Why not con-
vert a $1,000,000 loss and $365,000 expense into a substantial
revenue? The State owns in the Forest Preserve 120,000 acres
of denuded land which cannot be placed under forest cover ex-
cept by planting and, which, therefore, does not at present fulfill
its function. If a portion of this proposed income could be used
for reforesting this area the State’s revenue would eventually be
further increased; funds would be available to purchase other
lands, and thus the State’s holdings be increased. The present
fire protection system should be supplemented by more mountain
observation stations and additional forest rangers, and unless this
is done the great forests, which the Constitution aims to protect.
will not be preserved. The revenue from the lease of camp sites
would further increase the income. The small detached parcels
outside the Park should be exchanged for lands within and the
holdings consolidated, thereby decreasing the protective expense.

Placing this area under honest, practical, forest management
will not detract from its beauty or protective value, and will not
only give us needed wood supplies and a large net revenue, but
will permit the extension of the Preserve. The German, French,
Swiss and other nations have been securing these triple results.
Are they our superiors ?

CHANGES IN CONSTITUTION

The so-called Burd-Merritt amendment, providing for the use
of 3 per cent. of the Forest Preserve for water storage purposes,

70 TuHirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

was passed by two succeeding legislatures, submitted to the peo-
ple, and adcpted last November. This is the first of the many
proposed changes to article VII, section 7 of the Constitution
adopted in 1894, which has been submitted to the people and
received their approval.

During the past year another amendment was passed by
the Legislature, providing for ‘cutting or removal of mature,
dead or fallen timber or trees detrimental to forest growth,” also
“leasing of camp sites,’ and “ construction of roads and trails
necessary for protection against fire. and for ingress and egress,”
and furthermore permitting ** the Legislature to authorize the sale
of lands outside the limits of the Adirondack and Catskill Parks
as such parks now exist by law. The proceeds of such sales of
lands shall be set apart in a separate fund and used only for the
purchase of lands or for reforestation in such parks.” This
amendment must be passed by another Legislature, then adopted
by the people at a general election before it will be effective.

FOREST FIRE PROTECTION

This office is charged with the protection from fire of approxi-
mately seven and one-quarter million acres in the central portions
of the Adirondack and Catskill Mountain regions. The area pro-
tected is the same as during last vear.

We have maintained in this region during the fire season a
force of rangers and observers for this purpose. The aim is to
first prevent as many fires as possible, and, second, to be pre-
pared to extinguish all fires which cannot be prevented. The
lines pursued are varied and have produced excellent results.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

In order to successfully plan a system of fire protection, it is
of primary importance to study the causes of fire, the regions,
time of year and other elements which contribute to or are
responsible for their origin. As a matter of fact, practically all
of the fires, the cause of which can be eliminated, are directly or
indirectely the result of carelessness. The following table shows
the total number of fires reported, classified according to cause:

COMPARISON
OF THE
RINCIPAL ¢

‘¢ A,

Ay 0
FOREST FIRES
FOR

TWENTY THREE YEARS

KEY
RAILROAD FIRES
LLOW

HanEaHETEGLAL

FA
—_ FISHERMENS *
=_—_ HUNTERS
—_—=s

SMOKERS’
PREPARED BY THE

EOF NEW YORK

Pe |

PSC eh ca \
— SAR eee ae
—— SER ee al Nil
POEL LAZO
ST AN LE
PCPA Ct ine |
SCN N VAN
NS / AWN AIAN YN | A

Be ee YN cL

. are Go Oo © CRS RS
eS § Peeer FEF MP PKL LPC LEK PKS KS

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION via’

Smokers ie Cemer rte tI. role Loe wc) 6 Doe
IDR ere steita cn, 5 ste ot} ean ek a PS id Or ee a Pee 120
aeemianeucom meer ens): SE meds sate bd 5 78
COTILL GES | 2 "2 pad SIN Oe Pa ar ee ee 64
Rreeymemicteerar | 56. Liou nie ey a) by og waa ple 3
WP ELLCUIGTES ge aT es ed eg a 30
Pemererreey Olu take shots bh aiiialas oleh ba 26
mes meemetog tate! UAL eT Y HN) eA Sy elie tate OL. eye 3
LO LILEDS (oe ae ae e 14
pet ULI ee Sls ie). ieielaislb gle tete de ee 8
JL LDS FRCIIES) Mae Gan a7 hd aaa nee a go ae 5
(DELLE 8 ee Io ia las rege ee ne 5
TEETLL TACIIGT ES ae es Me ce ree eae ere -
Beer or PONIES Aas 6/4). cet. Lit Naat add ae 2
SE LUTE SS a PA LCN Pe a 1,
1312) RVG Te Cte 469 Ua oh Ag aS en ea rca 1
Miewrmaromien eal ee ald Lk iets oa ede scl s)d. wale) 32
688

An examination of the above table shows that fully 85 per cent.
of the fires which have occurred within the last year were pre-
ventable. If the smokers had not carelessly thrown burning
cigars, cigarettes or tobacco upon the dry vegetation, onethird of
these fires would not have occurred. If the fishermen had been
more careful with their camp fires and tobacco nearly one-fifth
of the fires would not have occurred. The same conclusion can be
drawn in regard to many of the other causes above mentioned.
In order to overcome these difficulties the commission has en-
deavored to carry on a campaign of education. There was in-
serted in the “ Game Law Booklet,’”’ which is supplied to practic-
ally every hunter and fisherman, two pages calling attention to
the ease with which fires are started, the loss of life, property,
business, etc., as a result of carelessness. Thousands of fire
notices have been posted along the roads, trails, streams, lakes
and ponds with similar words of caution. Twenty thousand
copies of a folder in regard to fires were published and have been
earefully distributed. Nearly all of the important railroad lines

~I
bo

Turrp ANNUAL Report OF THE

operating in this State have included in their time tables refer-
ences to this important matter, and some of them have generously
given an entire page. Margins of the Automobile Blue Book
have been printed with forest fire warnings. In a similar man-
ner, the telephone companies have in several instances co-operated,
while the Mountain Home Telephone Company printed on the
front cover of their telephone directory instructions as to report-
ing forest fires. They also furnished the material and built five
miles of line for use on the fire line in the Essex county fire.
The rangers have been detailed to the places in their territories
where they could accomplish the greatest good. During the
spring season, while fishermen are common, they are patroling
the streams; during the summertime they are around the places
frequented by the tourists and, in the evening, meeting them at
the hotels; while during the fall season their activities are
largely directed to the sections where hunters are most common,
in all instances informing them of the ease with which forests
fires are started, the rapidity with which they spread and the
consequent damage which they do. The appeal for greater care
is made in a personal way, as far as possible, by presenting the
aspect of the benefits to the forest in which the particular indi-
viduals are most interested.

OE lt i cline

APPLIED FORESTRY

SPRUCE

3.8 TAKEN 96.2 %
LEFT_ 116% TAKEN 88.4 %
LEFT 23.2 % TAKEN 76.8 %

QUANTITY OF MATERIAL BY CUTTING TO VARIOUS DIAMETERS

8"| LEFT 238 % TAKEN 76.2 Yo
io") LEFT 43.4% TAKEN 56.6 %
2" | LEFT 595% TAKEN 40.5 %

NO. OF TREES BY CUTTING TO VARIOUS DIAMETERS

8" (3.8) VOLUME 96.2% TAKEN

8" BEET 23:2 Yo NO. STREES* 76.8 %

RATIO NO. TREES TO VOLUME_CUTTING TO 8"

10" |LEFT_I6% VOLUME 88.4% TAKEN
iO" LEFT 43.4% NO {TREES 56.6 Yo TAKEN

RATIO NO. TREES TO VOLUME_CUTTING TO 10"

2" aren 25.2% VOLUME 76.8 % TAKEN |
(aa | LEFT 595% NO. TREES

RATIO NO. TREES TO VOLUME_CUTTING TO 12"
DIA. NO. TREES
90

NO. TREES OF VARIOUS SIZES REQUIRED TO MAKE 1000 FEET LUMBER

DIV. OF LANDS & FORES

CONSERVATION COMMISSION

ae nee

NSERVATION COMMISSION.

IN THE oat

BY PREVENTING

FOREST FIRES

YOU CAN SAVE

$500,000.00 A YEAR

STATE OF NEW YORK) .
CONSERVATION COMMISSION
ALBANY, N. Y.

74 Turrp AnnuUAL REPORT OF THE

FIRE!

THE DANGER FROM FOREST FIRES IS ALWAYS GREAT

The records show that an exceptionally bad fire season comes
about once in every four or five years. In New York State the
years 1899, 1903 and 1908 were marked by the most disastrous
forest fires the State has every known. In each of the years 1903
and 1808 THE DAMAGE AMOUNTED TO $1,000,000; that is,
property and timber worth that amount were actually destroyed.

HOW ABOUT 1913?

The light fall of snow last winter disappeared much earlier
than usual this spring. The period of greatest fire danger, that is,
from the time the snow leaves the ground to the time when
vegetation becomes green, is lengthened and the danger intensified.

The Conservation Commission is doing its best to prevent forest
fires, but IT NEEDS THE HELP OF EVERY PERSON WHO GOES
INTO THE FOREST FOR BUSINESS OR PLEASURE TO MAKE
ITS WORK EFFECTIVE.

The magnitude of the problem is indicated by the fact that in
New York State alone industries dependent upon wood manu-
facture products worth

$4,000,000
annually and employ 200,000 persons. Twenty per cent. of
the capital of the country is invested in wood industries.

When timber is destroyed by forest fires a loss is caused, not
only to the owner of the timberland, but also to EVERY MEMBER
OF THE COMMUNITY. The sum of $20 is spent to convert a
thousand board feet of logs into the various products which are put
upon the market. Practically all of this expenditure is in the
form of wages paid to the persons employed in working up the
timber into its final form.

In each of the years 1903 and 1908 over 800,000 ACRES OF
TIMBERLAND WERE DAMAGED BY FIRE IN NEW YORK STATE
ALONE.

Some of this area was covered by virgin forests. The best
estimates obtainable show that 4,000,000,000 BOARD FEET OF
TIMBER, an amount equal to FOUR TIMES the annual lumber cut,
WERE DESTROYED BY FIRE IN EACH OF THOSE YEARS,
CAUSING A TOTAL LOSS OF $80,000,000.

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 5

WILL YOU PERMIT A REPETITION OF THIS IN 1913?

If such a loss were caused by a city conflagration, or by a great
flood, it would set the country agog with excitement for months.
Steps would be taken to prevent a repetition of it.

If such a loss were caused by riot or invasion, it would be con-
sidered a national catastrophe and the whole machinery of govern-
ment would be set in motion to protect the public safety. Millions
of dollars would be made available immediately to protect the
public safety.

We did not profit by the catastrophe of 1903.

The lessons taught by the serious fires of 1908 were heeded to a
certain extent, and a more effective forest fire fighting organization
has been developed in the State. However, what we have done is
just a beginning. It would not prevent serious damage in a bad
fire year like 1903 or 1908. Vilas

THE YEAR 1913 PROMISES TO BE A BAD FIRE YEAR!

THE DANGER FROM FOREST FIRES CANNOT BE ELIMINATED
WITHOUT THE CO-OPERATION OF EVERY CITIZEN OF THE
STATE.

The loss of life caused by forest fires in New York State has
been small compared with other regions. HUNDREDS OF LIVES
WERE LOST in the fires near Hinckley, Minn., in 1898. The
appalling loss of life in the forest fires of the Pacific Northwest
in 1910, and in the Porcupine Region of Canada in 1911, horrified
the whole nation. New York has escaped catastrophes such as
these by good fortune and, during the last four years, by increased
activity im attacking the fire question; but UNLESS THE GREAT-
EST CARE IS EXERCISED BY EVERY MAN, WOMAN AND
CHILD WHO GOES INTO THE WOODS, YOU AND YOUR
NEIGHBORS MAY BE THE VICTIMS OF A SIMILAR CON-
FLAGRATION.

IF YOUR HOME is in the forest, a bad forest fire may destroy
your entire property and leave you destitute.

IF YOU OWN A FARM, the profits of your agricultural opera-
tions may be wiped out in a few hours by the fire demon.

IF YOU ARE A GUIDE, the burning of the forests, where you
take parties for pleasure, means the loss of your source of em-
ployment.

76 THirp ANNUAL Report OF THE

IF YOU OWN A HOTEL in the mountains, your house will not
be patronized when the scenic beauties of the mountains around
you are destroyed by fire.

IF YOU ARE A CAMPER, a single bad forest fire may destroy
the attractive features of your favorite camp site.

IF YOU ARE A FISHERMAN OR HUNTER, your sport may be
spoiled by the burning over of the forest you visit every year.

IF YOU ARE A LUMBERMAYN, you know that one bad fire season
may destroy your source of raw material and force you to shut

down your plant. That may mean bankruptcy.

IF YOU GO INTO THE WOODS FOR ANY PURPOSE, you want
to PREVENT FOREST FIRES.

IF YOU NEVER GO NEAR THE FOREST, you cannot get away
from the fact that wood enters into your daily life in one form or
another, in the house you live in or the table from which you take
your meals, and you should remember that FOREST FIRES MEAN
HIGHER LUMBER PRICES.

There are at present 25,000,000,000 board feet of standing
timber in the State. In the past THE LOSS OF TIMBER DUE TO
FIRES AND INSECT DEPREDATIONS HAS BEEN AS MUCH AS
THE ANNUAL AMOUNT OF TIMBER ADDED BY GROWTH. IN
YEARS LIKE 1903 AND 1908 IT HAS BEEN MUCH GREATER.

At the present rate of cutting, the standing timber in this State
will last only twenty-five years.

ANOTHER FIRE SEASON LIKE 1903 OR 1908 WILL BRING
THE TIME OF TIMBER FAMINE FOUR YEARS NEARER.

Nearly all the damage done by forest fires is preventable.
NINETY PER CENT of all forest fires are caused by CARELESS
NESS. ELIMINATE CARELESSNESS and you will practically PUT
AN END TO FOREST FIRES.

The pleasure that the tourist or the camper takes in the woods
will not be lessened by his efforts to be careful with fire and to
take all precautions against its escape; the lumberman will not
sacrifice one penny of his profits by seeing that his logging crews
are careful during dry weather. On the contrary, these persons
are working to PROTECT THE FORESTS and to PRESERVE THEM
for their use in the future.

The guide is usually a careful man who will see that his camp
fire is thoroughly extinguished before leaving it; the cautious

CONSERVATION COMMISSION wih
lumberman will post fire warnings in his camps and will see that
his logging crews are careful with fire in the woods. Some
lumbermen have prohibited their men from smoking during dry
times, except within the camp buildings.

EXERCISE THE SAME CARE WITH FIRE IN THE WOODS
THAT YOU WOULD TAKE WITHOUT QUESTION IN YOUR OWN
HOME OR IN THE CITY.

The State and many other owners of large tracts of forest land
allow the use of their land by the public with very few restrictions.
The State law provides that fires may be lighted for cooking,
warmth, and insect smudges; but that before a fire is hghted ample
space must be cleared around the.spot so that the fire shall not
spread, and the fire must be thoroughly extinguished before it is
left.

Several lumber companies owning large tracts of timberland
in the Adirondacks allow persons to camp on their land; but they
require those persons to first secure permits, so that they may be
held RESPONSIBLE FOR FIRES WHICH THEY MAY SET.

No permit is required to camp on State land in the forest
preserves; but CAMPERS ARE HELD STRICTLY RESPONSIBLE
for any damage or injury to the forest which may result from their
carelessness or neglect.

IF YOU, MR. CAMPER, abuse your privileges and FAIL TO
EXERCISE sufficient CAUTION, THIS LIBERAL POLICY of
allowing everybody to use the forests WILL HAVE TO BE
ABANDONED. IF YOU WOULD PERPETUATE YOUR CAMPING
TRIPS, YOU MUST PROTECT THE FORESTS.

DON’T drop lighted matches or throw them down along the road,
or out of a car, where they may start forest fires.

DON'T leave burning cigars, cigarettes or pipe ashes where they
may set fire to inflammable material.

DON’T leave your camp fire until vou are absolutely sure it is

OWT:

DON'T set fires to clear land or burn brush in dry times.

PUT OUT ALL FIRES YOU SEE IF YOU CAN. IF THE FIRE
IS TOO LARGE FOR YOU TO PUT OUT ALONE NOTIFY THE
NEAREST FOREST RANGER OR FIRE WARDEN AT ONCE.

BY PUTTING OUT SMALL FIRES YOU CAN PREVENT BIG
ONES. |

PORT OF THE

ny

4

WILL YOU HAVE THIS?

Tuirp Annual Rz

48

FIRE

THE

AFTER THE FIRE

OR THIS?

nee KIO “es -

BEFORE

ia
‘ Peete
4 . > rh .

— +? q = ry ie
Gh bie UB
A «7% ee

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 79

The effect of this campaign of education and co-operation has
already manifested itself by the decrease in the number of fires.
The spring season is, on account of the dead vegetation present
upon the ground, always one in which fires occur. The snow
fall during the past winter was far below normal and, as a result,
the period before vegetation became green was longer than the
average, consequently the period of danger was lengthened. In
spite of these facts, however, the number of fires did not materially
increase, and greater interest was shown by parties, who fre
quented the woods in extinguishing and reporting fires.

This campaign of education has only started. It must be con-
ducted indefinitely, and every available means and opportunity
be taken to point out to everyone who travels through or uses, or
is in any way connected with or interested in our forests, the
damage caused through carelessness in its many forms. Smokers,
as already stated, are the cause of the largest number of fires, and
they are the hardest to prevent, because, instead of fires which
originate through their carelessness starting at any particular
place, they appear nearly everywhere.

The neglected camp fire in an ever present source of danger.
In one instance such a fire escaped and was burning rapidly
through the woods when it was promptly detected by an observer
on the mountain station, who immediately notified a ranger. The
latter reached the place in time to arrest the parties who were
responsible, and they later refunded to the State the entire ex-
pense of extinguishing this fire.

Co-operation has been secured from the railroads in properly
equipping locomotives which operate over the various lines, by
repairing defects and maintaining such engines in a fairly safe
condition.

The duty of inspecting the rights of way and the fire protective
appliances on locomotives of all railroads in the State was con-
ferred upon the Conservation Commission by the Legislature of
1912. A tremendous impetus was given to the work of inspection
in that year and there has been no relaxation in 1913. There are
over sixty railroads in the State with 8,361 miles of rights of
way, over which are operated 6,886 locomotives. During the
year, 4,538 locomotives, 66 per cent. of the total number in opera-

sv Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

tion, have been examined by the inspectors of the Department.
Of the 8,361 miles of rights of way 97 per cent. has also been
inspected.

The clearing of rights of way of all inflammable material is
one of the most important features of preventing railroad fires.
If a spark or hot cinder falls upon a right of way grown high with
weeds and brush and encumbered with fallen logs and branches,
a most favorable opportunity is offered for the spreading of fire
off the right of way into adjoining forest land. On the other
hand, if a sufficient space on each side of the track has been
mowed and cleared up, in nine cases out of ten the spark or
cinder will not start a fire; if a fire springs up, it can usually be
readily controlled and extinguished on the clean open ground.

For this reason, a great deal of attention has been devoted to
this branch of the work. Cases of unsatisfactory conditions on
rights of way have been brought to the attention of the proper
railroad officials. Where the debris is to be burned, if it hes
within the area of the “ Fire Towns,” a permit must be granted
before such burning can be done. District rangers have done all
in their power to facilitate permit burning of this character.

The result has been that in nearly all instances rights of way
have been cleared up in accordance with the law and inflammable
material has been burned or otherwise disposed of.

The requirements of the Public Service Commission for spark
arresters and ash pans were modified in December, 1912, to per-
mit the use in locomotive front ends, and at openings around ash
pans, of netting of oblong mesh. Tests conducted before
the Public Service Commission and representatives of this De
partment showed that the oblong mesh netting was as effective as
the square mesh in preventing the escape of sparks and coals,
while the claim has been made that a better draft can be secured
with the former.

Generally speaking, the officials of the railroads have co
operated with our inspectors in putting locomotives into satisfac-
torv condition. They are showing appreciation of the fact that
fire protective appliances on locomotives mean decreased fire
claims. |

First inspections of locomotives in 1913 showed, generally,

FIRE PROTECTIVE SYSTEM_ADIRONDACK FOREST

LEGEND
BOUNDARIES OF FIRE DISTRICTS B DISTRICT FOREST RANGERS
ian TELEPHONE LINES — COMMERCIAL ® FOREST RANGERS
— STATE + FIRE WARDENS
" 1 _ PRIVATE 2 OBSERVATION STATIONS
DIV. OF LANDS & FORESTS
CONSERVATION COMMISSION
STATE OF, EW YORK

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION Si

better conditions than the same inspections in 1912, probably
owing to the fact that numerous inspections were made during the
winter in repair shops, while the locomotives were undergoing
general repairs.

The policy inaugurated in 1912 of holding conferences with
the railroad otticials for correcting defective designs of locomotives
and of requiring minor defects to be corrected at once, was fol-
lowed during 1913. Defects of design are becoming fewer. Many
improvements were made during the winter of 1912-1913 and
more are being planned for this winter. Minor defects, such, as
torn spark arrester netting, defective slides, etc., are repaired
promptly in the roundhouses.

lt is, perhaps, superfluous to state that inspections of ~ front
ends’ can only be made when locomotives are out of service, for
the fires must be drawn and the engines allowed to cool. De-
fective ash pans, on the other hand, can often be detected by an
examination of the locomotive while it is in service.

Special attention has been given during the present year to in-
spection of locomotives in service. Men have been stationed at
points where a large number of trains must stop for water or
other purposes, and each locomotive has been carefully examined.
In this manner many minor defects have been discovered and
reported to the railroads. )

For a number of years it has been known that in many in-
stances where locomotives were equipped with suitable fire pro-
tective devices the advantages of this equipment were lost, be-
cause the engine crews failed to keep the appliances in proper
condition. A common example of this neglect was the operation
of locomotives with ash pan slides left partly open, permitting
coals to fall out of the pan to the right of way. In this way an
engine crew could render worthless the most excellent protective
devices.

Inspection of locomotives in service has enabled the Depart-
ment to make great progress in reducing this evil. As fast as
eases of neglect on the part of the engine crews were discovered
they were reported to the proper railroad official. The condition
of affairs was discussed and the folly of allowing the engine
crews to absolutely destroy the value of the protective appliances
was pointed out. As a result, most of the railroad men have co-

82 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

operated heartily with our inspectors, and have disciplined their
men severely for failure to maintain all locomotives in satisfactory
condition while on the road.

The ‘“‘ Follow up” system has been the key-note of our success
in railroad inspection work. One examination a year is not
enough. A locomotive may be in perfect condition today, while
tomorrow’s inspection may disclose a warped ash pan, a missing
slide, etc. Therefore, the inspectors have made frequent visits
to the roundhouses and shops and have kept a vigilant watch of
as many locomotives as possible.

During the summer special attention is given to correcting
minor defects which can be repaired in the roundhouses. In the
winter, railroad traffic is lighter, and that is the time devoted to
sending locomotives through the ‘“‘ shops” for heavy repairs.
Then it is, that the inspectors are needed to supervise the work
of repairs in order to see that defects of design are corrected.

The following table contains a summary of this year’s inspec-
tion work accomplished by representatives of this Department:

Inspection of Railroad Locomotives and Rights of Way by the
Conservation Department in 1913

| Number Locomo- Miles Right of

RAILROADS | of loco- tives in way
| motives | inspected State inspected

Per cent

Adirondack and St. Lawrence.................. 1 1 100
Boston angela eke ee See oe ea teens 65 65 122 100
Brooklyn Cooperarei@o..'. a sme est eee Sees 4 4 28 100
Bathing Hammondsporte si ceeee. eee. aa 3 3 10 100
Buftalotand Susquehanna... 6224. .ee eee oe eee 77 67 112 100
Buttalo, "Attics and Arcadewiis. iio. 2280 bk 2 2 Pat 100
Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburg............... Vie 78 180 80
Bostonankd Albany...) ov atas is) kis ec bier eed 214 125 57 100
Carthage and’ @openhagen:...................- 2 2 9 106
CTANDETTY EAE. 8 Se pie acre felsic nels ai ale toe see don 3 3 4 100
@atslail"and annersville. 28)... oi Sic oe he oe 2 2 6 100
CatskailliMiountaines bees cocina elas oe ete 4 4 20 100
Central New Haplane, 5.2% i's oecce 5. ee ee tee 64 52 193 60
Dansville ana Mt. Morris SS Aan EN 2 2 2 15 100
Delaware'and Northerme 20. ose 6. eee oe 6 6 46 100
Delaware ang Jeadsons a eri ha kes eee cee ee as 454 426 696 100
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western............ 706 316 494 45
Dunkirk, Allegany Valley and Pittsburg......... 12 12 15 100
Emporium LumberiCouseemer sence eee ee 3 3 2 100
1 (< ele See EPR RES GHEE e108 nd ES OR eR 835 800 877 100
Fonda, Johnstown and Gloversville............. of 7 81 100
Glenfield'and" Western’. 224005 %. 50 ec oeta eee ee 4 4 20 100
Greenwich and Johnsonville................... 3 3 32 100
Hinckley Construction. Co... oes eeeee ole 5 5 3 100
Horseshoe RorestryCon.2c so ees cee eis 2 2, 13 100
International (Paner|\ Cosa eee eee eee 2 2 1 100
Jamestown, Chautauqua and Lake Erie......... 5 % 42 100
Keeseville, Ausable Chasm and Lake Chenin 1 1 6 100
Keery Chemical’Co; 30023240 eee eee eres 1 i 1 100
Kanona. and) Prattsburg. 2s). eee cee eee 2 2 11 100
Lehigh and Hudson) River. --e. eee eee 46 44 25 100

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 83

Inspection of Railroads Locomotives and ] Rights of Way by the
Conservation Department in 1913—Concluded

Number | Locomo- Miles Right of
RAILROADS of loco- tives in way
motives | inspected State inspected.

Per cent

Mebiehvand New Hngland ..4..2..22.%..-200+-5- 20 14 24 100
ILaltaln. Wale ee Gan cat ae ene ce ere eciea iene ae 412 117 643 75
Tora USP Ere Ge Pea SEA ete ree ea et 191 178 389 100
Make @hamplam and Moriah. ......5.......... if 7 16 100
Little Falls and Dolgeville..................... 3 3 14 100
Lowville and Beaver River...................- 4 4 ili 100
Marcellus and Otisco Lake.................... 2, 2 9 100
WMirddleburevand Schoharie....0:...5..02.<.+- 00. 1 1 5 100
MVE GANIC yas SR ies cai yaroclulsraycks: ioc fo apeue Musytnals 2 2 15 100
iMooseyRiver Wumber'Co.. on kk eee ee u 1 4. 100
New York, Ontario and Western............... 216 216 494 100
New York, Susquehanna and Western.......... 2 16 28 100
MewarkeanG@eVlariOnmic 6. (5 cs8o ehsete asks Sse sen eun tek 2 2 6 100
Ont hernaOentralian init. cotta. gerbe ee Shales oe 60 60 iil 100
New York, New Haven‘and Hartford........... | 382 86 79 100
New York Central and Hudson River........... 2,024 tests 2,590 90
New York, Auburn and Lansing................ 6 6 100
New York and Pennsylvania................... 5 5 27 100
Newton Falls and Northern.................... 2 2 12 100
New York lime: Company. % a... 2. 45.066 oe: 2 2 8 100
INorwood and St. Lawrence.............0.0..--5- 3 3 19 100
TPtrrtl SSynqrtidlets) 9 A ewe pce aetna an a A 1 1 7 100
IZSHTISY LV ANIA esr roe chia ais cle aes hy Sion een ds 528 273 330 50
Pittsburg, Shawmut and Northern.............. 45 42 45 100
TReiee kag Ue ase A I a met eh ace ee | he SN 86 86 171 100
ICME ALOIES ere yrs es or cates foo oss eneraees Sie hauclic she nents 3 3 5 100
Senonariemvalleyses 5. Semel apa eet Re ook ses 1 1 5 100
SHOR PM VIOUMEAIM oc eo o..c16 siete clas clot slicers < 2 2 8 0
TOPE SEER ye 6 Sack Bice OEE eed Oe ia Pen 2 2 Ui 100
Wister and Dela ware®...<cs4\s< dees cee ene cee 29 29 131 100
Mire eC TeV ALLO Vga he kee! oka 8 cate needs late ausieecr sees 2 Z 100
INGOTS el icy RR, SU eee ies Da ete a A te 6,866 4,538 8,361 96.7

The rangers have promptly reported violations of law in setting
fires without permits or names of persons who were responsible
for fires, and a large number of fines have been imposed. Nearly
the entire expense, in some towns, of extinguishing the fires, has
been repaid by the parties who were responsible. The effect of
this work is also very beneficial in that such cases are given pub-
heity, and not only the person who was punished but others who
have knowledge are far more cautious in regard to the use of fires.

Violations of Fire Law im 1913

NATURE OF VIOLATION

Fires set without permit in violation

MF of Section 9% jocte ne ck cols ees

Recovery of expense of fighting fires

(Sectioni98) accra sk aaieie a

Total Number Number Number

number of of of of Amount
viola- cases cases cases recovered
tions dropped pending settled
40 10 8 22 $340 19
35 5 + 26 184 39
75 15 1 48 $524 58

84 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

PROTECTIVE MEASURES

During the major portion of the past season there has been
maintained a force of five district rangers, sixty-four rangers and
forty-nine mountain station observers, together with six railroad
inspectors. This protective force was inaugurated in 1909, after
the disastrous fires of the previous year. It is fair to say that
the past summer has, on account of the deficiency in rainfall,
been fully as dry as that of 1908. Inasmuch as reduction of
rainfall produces drought, and results in dryness of material upon
the ground causing increased fire danger, ‘fires are very readily
ignited. The past year was, therefore, the first one in which this
system has been put to the supreme test. The damage caused by
the fires of 1903 was $864,082; during 1908, $802,135, while
the past season, under similar conditions, was but $51,445. The
area burned in 1903 was 464,189 acres; in 1908, 568,072 acres;
in 1913, 54,796 acres. A comparison of these figures under
similar conditions of drought clearly demonstrates the wisdom of
the change in the system, the success, and, furthermore, the
efficiency of the present force. The change has not only resulted
in reducing the acreage burned 85 per cent. and a reduction of
94 per cent. in damage, but furthermore the cost of extinguishing
the fires in 1908 was $189,660, while during the present season
the entire cost of the ranger force, including salaries and ex-
penses, together with disbursements for extinguishing the fires,
ageregated only $96,122.53. The expense of this work will be
further reduced by rebates of $21,601.60 from the towns. All
of this was accomplished in spite of the fact that the number of
reported fires increased from 605 in 1908 to 688 during the past
season. (In 1908 fires were not reported unless an acre or more
was burned over. )

The protective plan consists in detecting fires in their incipient
stages and dispatching necessary help to extinguish the same.
This results in reducing the acreage burned, greater saving of
forest property, and economy of labor. This detection is accom-
plished through the observers on the numerous mountain stations.
Their efficiency is shown by the number of fires which they have
reported and the fact that such fires were promptly noticed and
the rangers notified.

Pomeol FIRES

I9035

464189 A.

# 155,765.95

1905

$ 846,082.00

TOTAL | ACRES| TOTAL _|AVE.| AVE.| NO.
Ee efealns See SAS BATIACE es ae ae
ise es BURNED pares ae oe

1908|605 368,072 54,912] 802,1 35/608 i328 0)

1908

368,072 A.
1915

AREA BURNED

$ 189,661.51

1908

$ 802,135.00

COST OF FOREST FIRES
[J EXPENSE OF EXTINGUISHING
fees LOSS OF PROPERTY

28126) 38) 78118

912}583| 6,990

ae 688 54,796

a
11,437| 51,455 13, 20.48

COMPARISON OF FOREST FIRES, 1908_1915

AR
ae
190013/668,400.11,759"_01 003
1910] 7,200,000 _12,680|_02| 009
7,230,000, 37,909|_05).006
'912) 7.270,000_6990|_0.|.009
1913] 7,270,000|_54,796|_07;.014]

94,796 A.

ISIS

SHOWING AREA PROTECTED, BURNED; & COST, DAMAGE, ETC

DIV. OF LANDS & FORESTS

CONSERVATION COMMISSION

STATE OF NEW YORK
IDS

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION

List of Mountain Stations (1m operation) in 1913 and Number of
Fires Reported From Each

STATION

/BE TEC nig ies RR ee aoa

LL Oe en ee

Glinyoeet ts) Peete ey oe kG
elleayne sin acl cee ease
Bleeker, husk: eee Re

(SREqiLCEyE CG | ao ne eae

LD yital ono a) he ae eee
ortaNwobley 3 cee...
NOT et Sie es tec ane oun nts
errmnltowmeeis. sods fale sels eck |

eran erceaeve 6. ote s oe Bicbenateiraes

Wemipsnalle oid ods le ees che
MGoOnPGAKe. oo ..)s scoot s sos os |

Widoseheade ss... vale oie |
Whoose River? <5. 6..0-00.--
VI SUVMOREIS AN yee ent isecd eb:
MOV Knee eee ic tio so cee's deh |

LEASED) OS A ee

ETOSWECUSS Une cee ce sare: |

‘CSTE TTNT RAS eee
iicoley trond tits 8.26.2
Twade

EE) Bg 2 Cae Oe aE arte Waar

Fire
district

WORN OWEN WE OWN RN W ERE WWUON RPE WHOOP NP WH RWWNWNONWOWWeDd

County

Hamilton.....
Bissex) oe ek
St. Lawrence..
St. Lawrence..

Hamilton.....

ISSEXiols ca ee

| Town

Newcomb....
Harrietstown..
Piercefield....
Croghan......

Dresden......
Indian Lake. .
No. Hudson...
Clifton] 0;

Dwanesee 2.
Indian Lake. .
Wialmurt; 2. 2.
| Johnsburgh...
Lake Pleasant.
Wawarsing...
Jewett. ......

Branklin= .) ..
Saranac......

No. Hudson..

New Paltz... ,
Coltony ys .5.

Altamont.....
IDaViae «cae Pehoe
Long Lake....
Schroon......

Santa Clara...
Shandaken....
Indian Lake. .
Web ID crcscisies sue

Lake Pleasant.
Long Lake....
Wilmington...

Walimurt... 32.

Fires Fires
reported, | reported,

1912 1913
7 7
6 21
3 4
19 47
4 4
3 13
Uf 6
5 16
14 13
1 14
8 6
14 25
6 31
35) 67
20 27
a 6
21 11
10 17
32 36
25 5
8 18
23 25
8 11
4 16
35 27
Ne 9
3 10
6 13
4 14
10 8
37 24
10 vA
21 Pipe
7 6
16 24
& 8
& 7
RRR cere
27 29
3) 42
16 18
Ome eee eote ke 2
4 13
26 28
i 5
Ry Se oa 11
10 19
8 26
554 816

* No observers appointed in 1913 until after June 12th.

t+ Not operated during season of 1913.

This table indicates that 816 fires were reported, while the
records show that there were only 688 fires, therefore, indicating
that the same fire has been observed in some cases by more than
one station, except in some instances when the fire observed was.

not in one of the so-called “ Fire Towns’

’)

and, therefore, not in-

86 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

cluded in our list of fires. A careful check has been maintained
upon all fires reported and whenever an observer has failed to
report a fire which was within a reasonable radius of his station
an investigation has been made to determine if it was visible from
the station. There are, however, areas which, on account of
topography, are not suitably protected from the established moun-
tain stations and there is need of an increased number of stations.

During the first few years of the present protective system,
telephone lines to mountain stations were built in large number,
and, on account of the limited funds, the construction was cheap.
During the past year a large proportion of these lines has been
rebuilt, largely by the ranger force during wet weather. The
value of the observer on the mountain station depends entirely
upon the efficiency of his telephone apparatus. Therefore, every
effort is being made to establish these lines in a most thorough
manner in order that the service may be perfect at the time
required.

One. new mountain station has been constructed during the
year, at Tooley Pond Mountain, near New Bridge, in the south-
ern part of St. Lawrence county. This station overlooks a large
area of timber land in the western foothills of the Adirondacks.
The expense of material for the tower, cabin and lines was borne
by the R. W. Higbie Lumber Company.

During the spring, also in the fall and portions of the summer,
the climate on the summits of the various mountains, where the
observers are required to live, is very cold and it is necessary to
have suitable quarters. During the past season several cabins
for the rangers have been built replacing tents which were formerly
used. The latter proved both expensive and difficult to maintain.

Roads and trails are very important in any comprehensive sys-
tem of fire protection. They not only are routes which enable
the men to reach the fire with less exertion and quicker, but also
serve as fire lines or points from which back fires may be set or
an advancing fire checked. During the past season there has been
but little time, on account of the extent of dry weather, for this
work. However, ninety-four miles of such roads and trails have
been cleared and made available for these purposes.

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 87

The question of having an adequate supply of tools and camp
outfits properly located at various points throughout this enor-
mous area is not only of great importance but is surrounded with
difficulties. It is impossible to predict where fires are going to
originate; hence the difficulty in properly placing the necessary
tools. We have, however, endeavored to have a suitable supply
for all ordinary fires located at advantageous points. The two
large fires of the present year necessitated greater equipment;
eight new tool depots were established during the past season;
and the Adjutant-General kindly lent the Commission a complete
camp outfit for eighty men who were employed in fighting fire.
The Quartermaster of the United States Army also lent a quantity
of blankets for similar purposes.

It has long been felt by the Department that the efficiency of
the ranger force could be improved by bring the men together
for a few days of practical instruction in matters pertaining to
their work. Accordingly a convention was held in the Albany
office. February 4 to 8, inclusive.

Talks were given by members of the office force on various sub-
jects, including fire fighting, top lopping, looking up survey lines,
making valuation surveys, silviculture, etc. The rangers were
given practice in plotting fires, estimating areas, making owt re-
ports, and drawing simple maps. The rangers took an active part
in the discussions and many excellent ideas were advanced. Sub-
sequently the men showed a greater interest; and increased eff-
ciency has been secured. ‘This work has been continued in a
similar degree by smaller meetings in which the men in all or a
portion of a district were called together, and discussed matters
of mutual benefit.

The Legislature of the past year re-enacted the top lopping law
and provided that the limbs and branches of evergreen trees which
were cut in the area under fire protection, should be cut off from
the trunks or branches over 3 inches in diameter. The penalty of
$2 per tree for failure to comply with the law was also restored.
The enforcement of this law has been entrusted to the rangers,
and most of the operators have cheerfully complied with the pro-
visions of this section.

88 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

i:xperiments conducted by the Dupont Powder Company at a
meeting of the Eastern States Foresters, held at Wanakena, the
past summer, is of much interest. A line of two hundred feet in
length was planted with dynamite. The holes were approximately
three feet apart, and three-quarters of a pound of dynamite was
planted in each at a depth of two feet. All of the charges were
connected with an electric detonator. A forest fire was set so as to
run through the woods towards the line of charges. Just before
the fire reached the line the dynamite was discharged. The result
was a V shaped trench about three feet deep and three feet in
width at the top and through to the mineral soil. It clearly indi-
cated that, under certain circumstances, dynamite could be used
to advantage in fire fighting. There are, however, disadvantages
in that dynamite and detonators are expensive and heavy to trans-
port and the handling of dynamite is dangerous.

FIRES OF THE YEAR

The present year has been conspicuous by the scarcity of rain-
fall. The winter of 1912-13 was marked by the almost entire
absence of snow. Therefore, there was not the customary supply
of soil moisture. This abnormal condition not only continued
through the summer, but as the season advanced the rainfall was
less frequent. This condition was general throughout the Adiron-
dacks and exceptionally severe through the eastern and southern
portions of that region. Forest fires always follow scarcity of
rainfall. The following table which indicates the fires by months
is not only interesting, but indicates the condition during the
spring season and its continuance:

‘Ivok Sty} UOSpNY, YON Ul aly UL peuAng puUR] Jo JopOVIVYD syuasotdoar sIyT, “YIMOIS ysatoZ oy} pokorysop sory snoraatg
‘SHULY LSaYOT JO Loma

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 89

Number of Forest Fires by Months During 1913

REGION

MONTHS ——_—_—_—_————— Total
Adirondacks | Catskills

LRP] SPE UEY going Multan» SNe eat el AS a RO TIEN tL need lea Rett OMe sosu ee 3
WIDE. ocd: oS Sie Bee eae ae eit sa A ee BR OR a Rey Uf 3 10
TOUTE «oc ccc ONE es ALOE ORONO AEE a cae nen Sac a er tt Ne te ae a : 0
UES oy 5 Sar ORS Oe RE LST tee ee ne chen ear Pee Ue
J seed 5:0, BG Bette A CIEE nL ORE rea aT AL ELE DS RA 73 7 80
UIE? ey S-ctey aes ero LeU EIRC DES EST or aE UE ET Sk PUD ge 78 15 93
ASUS Ue ete BC oN I Om ists Oe cena as ol Sei ie e RM te 176 6 182
SUEY Ero a XSI (aS og ete nel a) a ae en AC IO tt Dr 94 6 100
WeLObers mes teel co een ee Here Pelee addenda oamteae fe Dike sean asene ae PAL
RUGRPETEDY OER o's PULTE Se ie Het a Mee Cages aM aca etc Rae aH a a | a
TPO ei -cy Ohl ee eae alle ANAT T US MUR AR gee mE 617 71 688

The season was much drier in the Adirondacks than in the
Catskills, and the fires in the latter form only 10 per cent. of
the total number and cover only 8 per cent. of the total area
burned. The month of April was the most productive of fires in
the Catskills, while May and August saw the greatest number in
the Adirondacks. The total number reported was 688. ‘This is
83 fires more than were reported in 1908 under similar drought
conditions. In 1908, however, no fires which burned over less
than an acre were reported. On that basis, the comparison was
528 in 1913 as against 605 in 1908. The acccompanying table
gives complete statistics as to the number of fires, acreage burned,
resulting damage and expense to extinguish. These statistics are
classified both by counties in which the fires occurred and by
causes. Reference has already been made and statistics given,
comparing the result of the past year with that of 1908. When
the conditions of drought are taken into account, the extent of
those fires and the consequent damage indicate great improve
ment in forest fire protection and marked efficiency of the force
charged with this duty. The success of the system is fully dem-
onstrated and the only weakness developed is that more mountain
stations should be established. During the year only seven-tenths
of 1 per cent of the area under protection was burned, although
the average area guarded by each ranger was over 100,000 acres.
The entire cost of protection, including the expense of extinguish-

90 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

ing fires, was less than fourteen mills per acre, which is on the
average, approximately two mills per dollar of valuation.

During the latter part of August fires were occurring in all
parts of the forest territory. They were being detected constantly
by the observers, and it became a question of how many fires the
rangers could handle with the limited amount of help available in
the localities. A large number of the rangers were working night
and day, securing assistance, going to fires, getting them under
control, appointing competent foremen, and then communicating
with their headquarters, and, in most instances, immediately
starting for some other fire. At this time, the commission author-
ized the district rangers to employ rangers temporarily in locali-
ties which they considered dangerous and, in this way, the diff-
culty was, to a large extent, surmounted.

‘qqnoyip Aioa Suryysy-o1y apeur punors uodn [eiseyvu Arp oy, °
Nang, G10 YHAQ SNINNO

SUTA[NSIL IovULep
Yay + LsaIoy

[ems AjoatyRavdutos jo uoryerysn{ yy]

91

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION.

a

16‘9 | 009'% ls 886 ‘T

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Tutrp AnNUAL REPORT OF THE

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CoNSERVATION COMMISSION

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94 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Only two of the 688 fires were not promptly gotten under con-
trol. Of these, the larger one occurred in Essex county and the
smaller one in Lewis county. On Sunday, August 17th, a severe
electrical storm swept over the major portion of the Adirondacks ;
seven forest fires in five different counties were set by lightning
during that storm; about noon of that day a dry stub, near the
foot of Mt. Macomb, in the town of North Hudson, was struck by
hghtning and quickly caught fire. The point where this fire
originated was approximately five miles from any habitation and
in an area which had been burned over in 1903, and subsequently
lumbered. The smoke from the fire was detected almost imme-
diately by the observer on Makomis Mountain Station, who noti-
fied the local ranger. ‘The fire and lumber slash furnished ideal
food of the flames, which, fanned by a strong wind, spread with
ereat rapidity. The ranger quickly summoned the few male resi-
dents of that locality and hastened to the fire. It was necessary for
them to travel nearly five miles through rough country and well
nigh impenetrable fire slash. When they reached the fire they
were almost exhausted and it was beyond their control. This fire
burned nearly two months, and several hundred men were em-
ployed in the endeavor to check its spread. A Commissioner, the
Superintendent of State Forests, Assistant Superintendent of
State Forests, two district forest rangers and six rangers were
present. Owing to the sparsely populated section outside help
had to be secured. The WitherbeeSherman Company of Port
Tlenry sent a large number of men from Mineville. Finch, Pruyn
& Company, and other operators supplied their crews of men em-
ployed in their lumbering operations in that locality. Nearly
every ablebodied citizen in the upper part of the Keene valley was
was engaged. Temporary camps were erected, fire lines built,
back fires set, and the spread of the fire checked. Owing to the
limited amount of help the fire was attacked on the side in which
it was advancing on account of the wind, and the most valuable
areas received first consideration.

Exaggerated reports were published in regard to the large loss
of timber in the vicinity of Elk lake, while, as a matter of fact,
only a few acres of second growth, which were burned by a back
fire, were damaged in that locality. The valuable hotel property

: ‘puno1syseq UL UTeJUNOPY XTC “Ayunos) Xossy ‘uleJUNOJT PUNOY UO II jsotO 7
“uId]Ix) yuUsoUTA 0104 g

a

aie

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 95

of the Underwood Club was saved. ‘The fire was confined to the
areas previously burned and advanced over this area. It finally
endangered valuable property in the vicinity of St. Huberts. The
commission, appreciating the situation which might develop had,
through the Hon. Peter G. Ten Eyck, representative in Congress,
secured an order from President Wilson directing the United
States army to assist in this work. The Superintendent of State
Forests, who was on the ground, learned that a portion of the
Fifth Infantry was on a march through the Adirondacks, im-
mediately communicated with the commandant, and, within a day,
three companies of soldiers were upon the ground assisting in the
work. Later, three additional companies were detailed to this
work. The troops rendered most efficient service in constructing
fire lines, setting back fires, and patroling trenches; they were
faithful, vigilant and energetic both night and day.

This fire covered approximately 30,000 acres and, in some
places, was fully ten miles in length and four miles in width, but
there were large areas within this radius which were not burned,
and the damage of the fire was confined to about 375 acres of tim-
ber land. The accompanying illustration gives a fair idea of the
character of the land where the fire occurred; the region, being
almost entirely an old fire slash, was an ever present menace, and
now that a large portion of the debris has been consumed and fire
lines erected, fire protection in that locality has been greatly in-
creased. The most regrettable feature of the fire was the loss of
ahuman life. One of the fire fighters from the mines at Mineville,
while digging a trench along the edge of the burned area, was
struck by a fallen stub and instantly killed.

The other fire which was not immediately controlled, originated
in Lewis county on the night of August 18th, and was caused by
a burning building. A heavy wind, which was blowing at the
time, scattered the burning embers from the building and the for-
est was 1gnited. All available labor was employed to protect the
remaining camps and the forest fire escaped. This area, like
that in Essex county, had previously been burned by the fires of
1903 and 1908. Two forest rangers with a large force of men
were almost immediately on the scene and did all they could to
control the situation, but, on account of the high wind and the dry

96 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

condition of the ground cover, the fire spread rapidly. Fire lines
were built, but, because of the wind, had to be abandoned and
new ones constructed. This fire worked northerly, connecting
with another fire in the vicinity of Independence river, which
was caused by fishermen. About 5,400 acres were burned over,
but fully 95 per cent of this area was nearly worthless. A signi-
ficant fact in connection with both of these fires is that they were
surrounded and under control before any rain fell to subdue them.

WeEEKs Law

Lhe allotment of money to be expended for fire protection in
New York State under the provisions of the Weeks Law was
increased from four to five thousand dollars for use within the
Adirondack and Catskill regions, together with an additional
three thousand for use in other parts of the State. The total sum
of eight thousand dollars was set aside for use in this State, pro-
vided certain conditions were complied with. The grant of five
thousand dollars, for the region embraced in the so-called “ Fire
Towns,” was made contingent upon the expenditure of fifty thou-
sand dollars by this Commission within the same region during
the calendar year 1913. Inasmuch as the Department spent over
one hundred thousand dollars there was no difficulty in securing
the five thousand dollars. The money was used to pay the salaries
of fourteen observers on mountain stations throughout the fire
season.

The appropriation of three thousand dollars, for use outside
the forest regions, was made contingent upon the expenditure of
an equal amount by the State for fire protection outside the Adi-
rondack and Catskill forest towns. It is unfortunate that this
allotment had to lapse because the State made no appropriation
for this purpose.

In 1912 an order sent out by the Postmaster-General directed
all rural mail carriers to report to the rangers any fires which
came to their notice. In the early spring of 1913 lists of all
rural mail routes and star routes were sent to the district rangers
in order that they might communicate with the postmasters and
encourage co-operation along these lines. The result has not been

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 97

startling, but the value of the addition of such a large force of
“‘ observers’ is undoubtedly considerable. Eleven fires were re
ported by the rural carriers during the year.

RECOMMENDATIONS

An earnest endeavor has been made to place the fire protective
work under a budget system. At the beginning of the season the
funds which were available were apportioned for compensation
of observers and rangers, traveling expenses, permanent improve-
ments and expense of extinguishing fires. The latter varies from
year to year and, therefore, it cannot be accurately determined.
The present system of appropriations for fire protection provides
a lump sum for this work. A careful analysis of the situation in-
dicates that the fire force should be employed seven months, ap-
proximately April 10th to November 10th and, furthermore, that
in order to insure sufficient protection one hundred rangers are
necessary. The customary compensation for this week is $60 per
month ; the traveling expenses of a ranger, during the fire season,
are approximately $30 per month, therefore, the total expense per
month per man is $90, or $9,000 for the entire force, and if em-
ployed for the seven months, it would require $63,000 for salaries
and expenses. In order to enforce the provisions of the top
lopping law, do necessary work in maintaining our telephone
system, and protect the State land from trespass, it is necessary
to employ thirty rangers during the remaining five months. The
traveling expenses for this period will approximate $40 per man,
therefore, the expense per month per man would be approximately
$100, or for the winter force $3,000 per month, and for the five
months period $15,000. The expense of the necessary ranger
foree is therefore $78,000.

Observers are usually paid $60 per month, with an allowance
of $12 for provisions, providing they board themselves on the
station, making a cost of $72 per month. This would mean a
charge of $4,320 per month, and for the seven months’ period
$30,240. The total appropriation for the compensation and ex-
penses above mentioned aggregate $108,240. Additional funds
are necessary 1n order to maintain the telephone system, observa-

A |
Le
<5

98 TuHirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

tion stations, traveling expenses of the district rangers and rail-
road fire inspectors, also the establishment of new stations. For
these purposes $16,760 should be apportioned, making an entire
appropriation of $125,000 for fire protective purposes.

A separate fund of $25,000 should be available for the oe
ordinary expense incurred in extinguishing fires. The Governor
should be given authority to authorize the Comptroller to pay
additional sums for such extraordinary expense in case of emer-
gency as existed during the past jseason. This sum will be but
slightly in excess of what has been appropriated for fire protec-
tion. The budget which was prepared this year was made on the
above lines, but the expense of fighting fire approximated $45,000,
nearly one-half of our appropriation, and, it was necessary to
lay off the entire ranger force November 1st.

The necessity of an all year force has already ‘been pointed out,
but additional difficulties are encountered in that it is impossible
to secure the quality of men which we need for $60 per month
during a short period each year. Therefore, in order to have a
force of efficiency, which we require, it is necessary that a portion
of it be employed during the entire year.

The provision of law that railroads properly clear their rights
of way has been enforced, and the companies have complied with
our requirements. In a similar manner the debris upon the high-
ways has been removed, thereby reducing the fire danger. There
are, however, many instances in which there are quantities of
slash and other inflammable material immediately adjacent to rail-
road rights of way or highways, which have not been removed, and
which at the present time we have no authority to require the
owners to dispose of. [The commission should be given discre-
tionary power to compel the owners of such premises, who are so
negligent as to leave fire traps of this character, to properly dispose
of the debris. It would not act as a hardship upon the person,
because whatever efforts he expended would be a protection to
his own property.

During the past few years some of the softwood operators, who
are lumbering spruce, have introduced a method of bark peeling
in the woods. This leaves a large quantity of fine spruce bark
chips in the woods which soon become dry and decay very slowly ;

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 99

therefore, they are a fire danger for years. ‘This operation has
greatly increased the danger from forest fires, both as to their
origin and spread. This Commission is, under the statute, charged
with the protection of both State and private lands. If conditions
of this kind are to be created, it will be impossible to maintain
efficient fire protection. The State itself being a large land owner,
whose holdings are intermixed with those of private parties, is
vitally interested from the standpoint of protection of its prop-
erty. I believe that steps should be taken to prohibit the practice
of peeling spruce bark and leaving the material in the woods as
is practised at present. If the land owners desire protection from
fire they must not create such inflammable conditions and then
expect that fires can be prevented and controlled.

One of the large fires of the season was started by a paper
balloon. Similar fires have been caused in other years. Instruc-
tions were issued to all mountain observers to remain on their
stations the Fourth of July evening to detect such fires. The fire
risk caused by these balloons is very great; and their use should
be prohibited.

FOREST PRODUCTS

The statute requires that the Superintendent of State Forests
shall compile each year statistics showing the amount of lumber
manufactured and wood used for commercial purposes from tim-
ber grown in the State, and shall report the same to the Commis-
sion. Owing to the fact that the compilation of these figures in-
volves a large amount of labor and that many mills operate
throughout the year, such information is not received at the office
until the beginning of the following year, therefore, the statistics,
which are submitted herewith, are for the calendar year 1912.

STATISTICS
The following table indicates the quantities of lumber and pulp-
wood cut within the State classified by species, also the number
of mills reporting particular kinds of lumber:

100 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Forest Product for 1912

Number
Lumber, Pulpwood 5

SPECIES of mills

Ft., B. ME: cords. reporting
PS) 09.4.) (CR iy a aR re En cee ha eee ot es Oty. 52,061,700 354,793 372
[Ce ee mE ROTOR SNL OE Fo IN. 128 | 440,828 67,439 1,635
iGples 2. | Ga Ge Ae a eee 78,103, 08501 ase |. 1,338
Pane oo oe eek ge a ae ee 78,271,480 217 1,209
Birokss 6d; Ware heh eA GY 31,906,360). Wii. anette 672
Hesehi. uci ene A ee ee eM Cee 41,478,500 i. tee 904
Basawroodhi1,. 1iu sae nelemaucP betdcwih 29 703,865 5,475 1,284
Oe RE heme em ney 25,709,050 |", ...53. see 953
Chestmint jig, 2c: pit apenas eaiie 8 vcs sate ahas eae 18, LB0 27k. zane ee 783
Bits?) ce eek ek eee 14,786.655°| 0. See 834
PO gaY ageing STIPE Meat te eis 100180 0085 Ao cal 888
Poplars) (2) SMA he eens 8 en eae 1,567,910 39,941 216
CK Ory 2 Re oe eS eS en ee TL BS6e SO cb ace eke ks 277
Cherry een eo os oa eee SEDSS OOO te eee ee ee 441
Basar ae eo of 21a), « wens)» ai~ 2's Se eae ee 237,100 40,815 7
ah PAO ACCU ON 1 e P7969" FECL. Sat 2
Cueummiber pa Vids, 5is10) ot <)-\scen. dae ee eee 124 BOO Ac Be i ae ei ens 12
Birhternih: -clodits 2 ns 2 524) eR ee 121, SSH Ory, Seer 32
Cedar mie onc Valci's, ois 2/8 tim ee Oe Oe ee Ua ORD ace rs eesti y aie 10
Salonen bet, cat vein ce eee amen eS een eee 8
MUOEME Griese eo Ao bine’, 3 ce Kan ie ee Re Re (Ce ae a 9
VTA TACK ee eek ec, | eae er geal aan ge 1.07 0.0.0 Vn Pemeay eae ern tha es 5
BRC WVia he Sees he sg re ORE OE See DOaO stents srs acres 8
DY CRORE i eel ee Send Calg hE AR AT ee eae BODO H.W eeia ese 1
Da seins spe ein ok er a a RS 517, 205,872 | BGS BRO | Ge. cca e eee

|
Miscellaneous Materials
Roundwood for alcohol, excelsior, cooper-
ae,” Kalas OGG 54 acc «leech eres ea 266,073 cords
No CWC Bal (2 MRD pete aN BO Mel sb pn ated ier 27,919,250 pieces
co) } b)
Diath: ! oars). te Settee eek ced 28,187,850 pieces
Fheadine’.. usa: OBL acti vie uae aes ... 15,522,832 pieces
ra) ) p)

Staves. cacive wd Advi yet ee 56,809,770 pieces

Ratiread, ties .). kus ad pio eee ee 839,670 pieces

Basie. oi)... JOR eee cevide SHE 178,585 pieces

Bales eG sci. dosiee 2000, ee ee 70,088 pieces

Summary

Taner PA Pe 1), EE ea ees 517,205,872 ft. B. M.
Pulpwood (cords equivalent to)....... 2'79;265,320 ft. B. M.
Roundwood (cords equivalent to)...... 146,074,077 ft. B. M.
Gr and ibaa Bul takeve te. aye te ui cheer 949,545,269 ft. B. M.

Source oF SUPPLY
There are in this State approximately twelve million acres of
land upon which there is some kind of forest growth, only about
one-half of which contains merchantable material. The best avail-

|
|

== HARDWOOD LUMBER
“== PULPWOOD

IV. OF LANDS & FORESTS

ATE OF NEW YORK

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BTOINALLAY COLLEY =
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MILLION FEET BOARD MEASURE

£

»

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 101

able information indicates that the entire stumpage is somewhat
less than forty billion feet board measure. The annual cut is ap-
proximately one billion feet per year. The annual wood growth,
exclusive of the forest preserve, ‘is probably not more than three
hundred million feet, while the consumption by our citizens of
wood for various purposes is conservatively estimated at five bil-
lion feet or fifteen times such growth.

Statistics in regard to the lumber eut have been published from
year to year. While they are of much value to persons engaged
in the industry, the people in general have not appreciated their
full meaning. It is impossible to remove from our forests year
after year several times as much material as is grown without
seriously reducing our timber resources, and eventually resulting
in their exhaustion.

The resources of this State are so great and of such a character
that the prevailing opinion is they are inexhaustible. Not less
than two million three hundred thousand acres, or 10 per cent of
the area of this State, is idle. If this area were reforested and
the twelve million acres of woodlands placed under proper forest
management, we would not only be able to produce all of the wood
material which we now need, or what a greatly increased popula-
tion will require, but, furthermore, instead of sending to Canada
and many states several million dollars every year for wood ma-
terial, this vast sum of money would be secured by our own land
owners. Such a sum would represent almost a clear gain, because
the lands upon which this material would be produced are to-day
largely held at a loss, fcr the reason that there are necessary carry-
ing expenses with almost no income.

The people must look at our forests in a different hght. The
great heritage which our forefathers found has been practically
exploited. Nature cannot, unaided, longer be given the manage-
ment and control of such a large proportion of our State or be
depended upon to supply us with the necessary wood materials
which we demand. Forestry means growing wood crops. It is
similar to agriculture, in that lands are used for production; the
agriculturist raises food crops, while the forester produces wood
crops. It is just asessential that the forces of nature be
directed, in one case as in the other. The principles are almost
identical and the ordinary land owners can master them in their

102 Tuirp ANNUAL ReEpoRT OF THE

application to their forest lands as well as to their agricultural
areas.

The exhaustion of our forests is further shown by the fact that
the annual lumber cut is rapidly falling off. There are many
towns that once flourished but are now abandoned because the for-
ests have been harvested. A half century ago Albany was the
largest lumber market of the nation, but the area wherein that
great business was conducted is now chiefly covered with a growth
of brush. The rank of this State as a lumber producer has greatly
changed. In 1850 it was first, while to-day it is twenty-third in
the list of states. The change was gradual:

1850. First.

1860. Second.

1870. Third.

1880. Fourth.

1890. Seventh.

1900. Seventeenth.

1910. Twenty-second.

1912. Twenty-third.

The accompanying table, showing comparison of forest products
1908-12, indicates how this reduction is still taking place:

Comparison of Forest Product 1908-1912

|
Hemlock, | Total cut of

| |
| Spruce | Spruce | .
YEAR lumber, puln, | ft ag ft. B. M State,
ft.. B: M. ecrds ebaas E> | nega eancas ft...5)
> Taney Reape | 107,936,537 | 360,891 | 113,263,132 | 194,210,327 | 1,226,754,365
1QOG sees. Se cde | 137,864,000 | 269 , 397 104,658,500 | 162,783,500 1,091,164,710
IGM oes: os | 113,357,5C0 392,680 72,753,000 | 150,659,000 927 ,933,291
POT eae Sarr he eee 81,841,173 | 403,983 | 79,189,615 | 132,941,386 972,596,685
a AS hie Wik eect 52,661,700 34,793 | 78,271,480 | 128,440,828 942 , 545,269
| | i]
REFORESTING

The reforesting work consists in the production of trees in the
various nurseries; reforesting land of the State in the Forest Pre-
serve; the selling of trees for forest planting, to private owners,
together with giving advice in regard to this work; and supplying
trees to various State institutions for similar purposes.

NURSERIES

One new nursery was added to those operated during the pre
ceding year. Some of the nurseries have been increased in area,

REFORES TING

vee 1913
1909
= : % :

COMPARATIVE AREA OF NURSERIES

1915

I9II

28,000,000

1909
— 8,227,000

1S,770,000

CAPACITY OF NURSERIES

1,005,000
0) |_ i 1,700000
pmo 1,670,000
|_| 2,971,000
i oe 5,242,000

SALES OF TREES TO PRIVATE OWNERS

E (STATE LANDS REQUIRING REFORESTING)

DENUDED LANDS IN FOREST PRESERVE REFORESTED

| (IDLE LANDS REQUIRING REFORESTING )

IDLE LANDS IN ENTIRE STATE REFORESTED

DIV. OF LANDS & FORESTS

CONSERVATION COMMISSION

STATE OF NEW YORK
1914

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 103

and a total of fifty acres is now used. The two nurseries at Sar-
anac Inn have been retained under cover crops in order to suffi-
ciently enrich the soil. This plan of rotation of crops for the pur-
pose of fertilization by means of leguminous crops is being ap-
plied to all of our nurseries.

During the past year a small nursery established by the State
College of Forestry at Syracuse, was taken over by this commis-
sion. ‘This nursery is operated the same as the other nurseries,
except that it is supervised by a member of the faculty of the col-
lege. The college is benefited, in that the students receive practi-
eal experience and instruction in nursery work.

A radical change has been made in spacing of transplants in
the nurseries. It has been the practice to plant the trees in rows
running crosswise in beds six feet wide and usually fifty feet long.
The trees were set three inches apart in the row and the rows six
inches apart. Under the new system the small beds have been
abandoned and the trees are set in large blocks and planted one
and one-half inches apart in the row, while the distance between
the rows has been widened from six to nine inches. This gives
greater chance for root development, facilitates cultivation; and,
owing to the fact that more trees can be grown upon the same —
area, the cost of weeding is reduced. During the year important
developments have been made in the line of hardwood seedling
production. The demand for Carolina poplar cuttings is very
steadily increasing. A large number of these cuttings were set in
our nurseries, and next year, for the first time, we will be able to
supply rooted cuttings which will be far more successful. Our
nurseries now contain quantities of white ash, tulip, red oak, and
black locust seedlings. The increase in seed beds which we made
two or three years ago is now commencing to materially increase
our output. As a result, we will be able to supply practically all
of the demands for stock. The large increase in supply will con-
sist of three-year-old white pine transplants, three-year-old red
pine transplants and three-year-old Norway spruce transplants.

SaLE oF TREES

The accompanying table shows the number of trees which has
been sold from 1908, the beginning of this work, to date, classi-

PORT OF THE

4

Tuirp ANNUAL BR

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106 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

fied by counties. The sales show a rapid increase and would
have been more had our supply been sufficient to meet the de-
mands. The grand total of sales to date is 12,014,635 trees. This
number is sufficient to reforest approximately twelve thousand
acres. It is interesting to note the large number of trees which
have been planted in Westchester county, in many instances upon
land which has been bought at a high price, but is in reality
strict forest land. The demands of southeastern New York and
Long Island, where there are large areas which should be refor-
ested and where already large quantities are being purchased, will
necessitate the establishment of a nursery in that locality. On
account of the fact that our supply was scarcely more than equal
to the demand, no particular effort was made to extend the sale of
trees the past year.

A large paper company purchased a quantity of Carolina pop-
lar cuttings and gave them to land owners in the vicinity of their
mill. Their purpose is to encourage the use of idle land for wood
production, a profit to the owners, and a supply of raw material
for their plant.

StatEe. LAND

In the Forest Preserve, about seventy thousand trees were added
to the Mountain Pond Plantation, near Paul Smiths; six thousand
trees were planted near Johnsburgh in Warren county on lot 40,
township 11, Totten and Crossfield’s Purchase. There are in the
Forest Preserve approximately one hundred and twenty thou-
sand acres of land, which will not be under forest cover unless
planted. This land cannot serve its purpose as Forest Preserve
unless placed under forest cover. Planting was inaugurated in
1902, and at present three thousand four hundred acres have
been reforested. Sufficient appropriations should be made to con-
tinue this work, not only on account of the indirect benefits which
would be derived, but because these lands, if reforested, would
yield to the State a substantial revenue and furnish necessary
wood material.

‘SSUI[poos Iv9k-4ysIy UIeZUOD PUNOIseIOJ Ul spog
"NOILONOG YVAIQ AMV] LV AWASYON ALVLG

‘queuyiedeq uoneonpa AsozIn0D

ne =

CONSERVATION CoMMISSION 107

The following figures show the increase in nursery production
and extension of reforesting throughout the State:

Number Area, Capacity Trees sold Trees Number
YEAR of of of _to private planted on of
nurseries nurseries nurseries owners State lands orders
1S (0,9) ee See 5 | 25 acres....| 8,227,0C0 1,005,000 90,000 189
EOI Reh exe oid) xe 5 | 30 acres....| 11,763,000 LF yLOOROOO S| ha05 <a sie 313
AGUS bale sx 6 | 37 acres....| 15,769,500 1,670,370 120,000 410
1G PA ee 8 | 49 acres....| 19,468,000 2,970,910 1,346,500 524
MM Sires ie eve one es 9 | 56 acres....} 28,000,000 3,242,200 76,000 | © 478

STATE FOREST PROBLEMS

Various questions in regard to forestry have been presented
during the year. Numerous requests have been received asking
for advice in handling forest land. As far as help was available
assistance has been given providing the owner would pay the
necessary expenses. The forest lands of the State institutions
have been examined and excellent progress made in regard to their
management. Lumbering operations have been instituted upon
the land at Dannemora prison. More detailed information in re-
gard to this matter will be included in another part of this report.

Tre& Disrases

No tree disease has given any special trouble during the past
year. ‘The nurseries have been free from fungus troubles and the
trees produced were all in a healthy condition.

The customary inspections of the plantations made in 1909
with German white pines have been continued. In most instances
the disease was not found to have increased to any extent. Dis-
covery was made at Geneva, N. Y., of a large white pine infested
with the blister rust. The same is the only instance which has
come to our attention where the disease has fully developed.

Through co-operation with the United States Department of
Agriculture, a study was made in southeastern New York, par-
ticularly in the lower Hudson valley, relative to the utilization of
chestnut timber which had been injured by the chestnut bark
disease.

State INsTITUTIONS

The plans which were prepared for the management of the for-

est lands at approximately forty of the various state institutions

TOs Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

have been adopted and are being successfully executed by the
various managers. The required cutting is being done scien-
tifically, the necessary wood supply is secured, and the quality of
the remaining growth greatly improved. In many instances
wastes of various kinds have been stopped, and the operations are
being carried on at a reduced cost.

Planting of idle areas and underplanting in cases where it is
necessary to reinforce the present growth have been carried on.
The various institutions have, during the past year, been supplied
with 804,000 trees which they have planted on their lands. Trees
for this purpose are furnished without charge.

We have endeavored to co-operate with the institutions, not
only in the handling of their forest lands, but also in preserving
their shade trees, and making plans to secure the necessary stock
which they will require for ornamental work.

Work of this character has not only resulted in increased bene-
fits to the institutions, but such operations have educational effects,
in that there is a practical demonstration of the application of for-
estry in these localities, which has its value in interesting private
Jand owners in order that they may apply similar methods to their
woodlands. At the same time, experimental plots have been estab-
lished and information is being carefully compiled as to the re-
sults which are being secured.

The law creating the socalled site commission, enacted by the
last Legislature, made a representative of this commission one of
its members. Various matters of investigation in connection with
their work have been conducted and the facts presented.

The character and extent of the forest areas vary with the dif-
ferent institutions. At Dannemora, in connection with Clinton
Prison, there is the largest area of forest lands under the charge
of any State institution. During the past year important develop-
ments have taken place in handling these lands. On account of
the extent and value of this work, the operation will be described
in detail.

MANAGEMENT oF LaNnps at CLinton Prison

A large area of land in the western part of Clinton county
has been acquired for the use of Clinton Prison. This area at

Forest LANDS oF Troy WATER WORKS.
Trees too thick to produce proper development. Thinning necessary.

Forest LANDS OF TROY WATER WORKS.
Showing proper thinnings made in forest shown in above illustration.

CONSERVATION COMMISSION 109

the time of its acquisition was largely forest land, purchased to
secure a supply of charcoal for the iron manufacturing industry,
which was then conducted by the prison. These lands lie on the
northeastern slope of the Adirondacks; a large portion of the tract
is somewhat mountainous, and its topography is typical of the
Adirondack foothills. The tract consists of thirteen thousand five
hundred acres, nearly all of which is situated in three large
parcels.

The forest growth consists of a mixture of spruce with beech,
birch and maple. There are large areas which had been burned
over by fire; and, in some instances, have been restocked with
growths of young poplar.

The boundaries of the premises were not fully determined; the
lands were subject to trespass, and were in some cases occupied.
A search for the exterior lines was made and in most instances
the bounds were located. The various trespasses which occurred
were measured, value computed, evidence secured, the facts sub-
mitted to the Attorney-General, and actions brought. The
western boundary of this tract has been in dispute for some years.
A very careful analysis of the history of the land grants, subse-
quent conveyances, and various surveys has been made, and as a
result we determined that the western line, as claimed by adja-
cent owners, was not correct, and an extended survey is being
made at this time to correctly locate this boundary. This dispute
involves the ownership of approximately two thousand acres of
land, from a portion of which the timber has been cut recently.
The result of this survey will be a large trespass which will also
be referred to the Attorney-General for action.

Owing to the large area of forest land which required attention,
the then superintendent of prisons employed a forester who has
been carrying out the plans formulated by this Commission.

The question of management and utilization of the forest growth
upon this tract is of great importance. A reconnaissance of the
tract showed that there were large quantities of fire killed and
down timber which must be removed. The amount was so great
that the State could not handle it itself. Furthermore, owing ‘o
the fact that nearly all of this had been killed by the fires of 1908,

110 Tump ANNUAL REPoRT OF THE

immediate removal was imperative, because the material was
rapidly decaying. Various questions of a legal nature were sub-
mitted to the Attorney-General and he decided that the State,
under the law, could sell dead and down timber. The superin-
tendent of prisons advertised the material, received bids and
awarded contracts. The estimate showed that there were ap-
proximately seventeen thousand cords of dead softwood timber;
about four thousand cords were estimated to be nonmerchantable
at the time of the examination, and at least three thousand cords
more would deteriorate to such an extent that they would not be
salable after the present year. The remainder, approximately ten
thousand cords, it was believed could be profitably removed. This
material the Superintendent of Prisons sold, and it is now being
marketed by the purchasers under the inspection of their forester.

The removal of this material will not only produce a large net
revenue to the State, but, at the same time, will remove a large
quantity of debris which would always be a source of fire danger
and imperil the remaining forest growth.

There were inserted in the contract various provisions in regard
to the lumbering of these lands, which will be of interest to others
in preparing similar agreements:

First. The party of the second part covenants and agrees
to purchase all the merchantable dead timber as hereinafter
provided and to remove the same from the premises herein
described, except such timber heretofore cut on the herein-
after described property and sold to A. W. Baker under con-
tract dated the 23rd day of January, 1913, reference being
had thereto for greater particularity.

Second. The timber to be removed as described in the
foregoing paragraph is to be taken only from the land within
the following descriptions:

‘Lands situate on the south side or slope of Ellenburg
Mountain, the north boundary of said land being a cer-
tain blazed line following generally the course of the sum-
mit or top of said mountain and extending south to the
limits of the State land, all located in the town of Ellen-
burg, Clinton county, N. Y.”

in o es ’
Photo. E. W. Blue.

DANNEMORA PRISON TRACT, 1912.
Condition of a part showing effect of fire, wind and poor management
Timber, under forest working plan, has been utilized and fire dange)
removed.

TIMBER REMOVED FROM DANNEMORA TRACT.
Illustration shows a portion of the 12.000 cords secured from the slashes.

CONSERVATION CoMMISSION iw!

Third. Jt is further covenanted and agreed that the tim-
ber covered by this contract and to be purchased by the
party of the second part is to be measured on the basis of
sound timber, and logs, scaled straight and sound. All timber
is to be measured by the 19-inch standard rule, and will be
computed at the rate of three 19-inch standards per cord. Ma-
terial shipped by railroad may, in the discretion of the fore-
man of lumbering of the Prison Department, be measured
after loaded on the cars. Timber otherwise removed is to be
measured upon the ground. Down timber is to be cut first
whenever possible. The height of stumps shall not exceed
the diameter at cutting point, except by consent of said fore-
man of lumbering. All trees cut down or from which a stick
is taken are to be lopped. All merchantable material shall be
taken, and merchantable material shall mean any log eight
feet or over in length, reasonably straight and sound and of
the following top dimensions: Tops are to be cut down to at
least four inches in sound timber. Wherever doze has pene-
trated to an average depth of not greater than one inch, tops
are to be cut to a sound limit of six inches. If doze has
penetrated to an average depth of more than one inch, tops
are to be cut to a limit of eight inches diameter of sound wood ;
hardwood cut down to ten inches in diameter of sound wood.

Fourth. The party of the first part agrees that dead
timber may be used by the party of the second part in the
construction of all necessary camps, roads, bridges and skid-
ways, but that no such dead timber shall be used for this
purpose, except upon the written consent of the said fore-
man of lumbering. And the party of the second part may
occupy the lands herein described for the purpose of lumber-
ing and may build thereon mills, camps, roads and bridges
and remove said mills, camps and bridges on the completion
of this contract.

Fifth. The said party of the second part hereby cove-
nants and agrees to pay for the timber, to be cut and re-
moved by the terms of this contract, at the following prices:

112

Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

$3.30 per cord for all softwood and the sum of $1.50: per
cord tor all hardwood; the same to be paid as follows:
One-half of the above mentioned price per cord to be
paid for the timber when cut and scaled in the woods, the
balance to be paid on removal from skidways.

Siath. The party of the second part shall upon the execu-
tion and the delivery of this contract execute and deliver to
the party of the first part a good and sufficient bond of in-
demnity in the sum of six thousand dollars ($6,000), as se-
curity for the faithful performance by the said party of the
second part of all the covenants and agreements on his part
contained in this contract. The security of such bond of
indemnity shall be a properly authorized surety corporation,
doing business as such in this State, and said bond must have
the acceptance and approval of the party of the first part
thereto.

Seventh. It is further covenanted and agreed that the
agreement herein contained shall be binding upon and inure
to the benefit of the successors and assigns of the parties
hereto respectively.

Highth. No timber of any kind is to be removed from
the land hereinabove described, except such as is designated
by the foreman of lumbering of the Prison Department, as
dead timber, and his designation of such timber to be so re-
moved and covered by this contract is to be final and conclu-
sive upon the party of the second part, and said party of the
second part 1s to remove and pay for according to the terms of
this contract all the merchantable, dead timber designated as
such by said foreman of lumbering of the Prison Depart-
ment, upon the lands herein described.

Ninth. It is further agreed that in the event there is a
misunderstanding or dispute concerning the description of
land covered by this contract, the foreman of lumbering of
the Prison Department shall be the arbitrator and his de
termination as to the area covered by the contract shall be
binding and conclusive upon the party of the second part.

a a

‘punoisea10} Ul ssuI[peag aved-omy,—ovonidg ABMION
‘NOILLONA AVAIO UNV] LV AMASHAN ALViIg

‘uoyeonpy JO yuouyredaq Asajzan09

ConSERVATION COMMISSION 113

Tenth. The work to be done and the removal of the tim-
mer hereinabove mentioned on the part of the party of the
second part shall be commenced promptly and progress with
diligence and in the order in which the foreman of lumbering
of the Prison Department shall direct and his direction in
the manner of removing the timber, the carrying out of the
terms of this contract and as to all things connected there-
with shall be final and conclusive.

Eleventh. It is further covenanted and agreed that this
contract is to continue in duration until April 1, 1914, and
that all of the timber which is to be removed by the party of
the second part shall be cut and paid for before that time. At
least 20 per cent of the merchantable dead timber on the land
described shall be cut and ready for removal by the party of
the second part before October 15, 1913.

Twelfth. It is further mutually understood and agreed
that nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent
the party of the first part through his servants or employees
from entering upon the premises herein described at any
time during the term of this agreement and cutting or caus-
ing to be cut upon the said lands and removing therefrom any
erowing green timber which he may require for the use of
Clinton Prison and the State Hospital at Dannemora.

Thirteenth. It is further covenanted and agreed that
nothing herein contained shall be construed to interfere with
the reasonable right and clear intentions of the privileges
hertofore extended to A. W. Baker under the terms of his
contract hereinbefore referred to either as to the location of
mill sites, or the removal of the timber specified under the
terms of the said contract.

Fourteenth. The party of the second part further agrees
that they will not assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of this
agreement, or their right, title or interest therein, or their
power to execute the same without the consent in writing of
the party of the first part, or any moneys which are to be-
come due and payable to them under this contract to any
person, company, or corporation without the previous con-
sent in writing of the party of the first part and until such

114 Turrp AnNuUAL REpoRT oF THE

consent in writing shall have been given, no claim or demand
shall exist in favor of any person, company or corporation to
any of the moneys to be paid by the party of the first part on
account of the provisions of this agreement in favor of any
person, company or corporation, except the party of the sec-
ond part.

Fefteenth. The party of the second part agrees to in-
demnify the party of the first part and save him harmless
from all costs, damages or expenses of any kind by reason of
any claim or claims which may be made or injuries to per-
sons or property which shall have resulted from any wrong,
negligence or want of care or skill on the part of the party
of the second part, their agents or servants, or either of
them, or their subcontractors in the execution of this agree-
ment, or anything in any way connected therewith or inci-
dental thereto including any claim of other contractors that
the work or anything pertaining thereto has been so man-
aged or conducted as to impede, wrong or injure them.

While the plans for operation were being formulated and the
various questions of law were being determined by the Attorney-
General, the reforestation of the denuded land on this tract was
being conducted. During the past two years two hundred and sixty
thousand trees have been planted with prison labor. The first
planting of this nature was an experiment. At that time twenty-
five convicts were taken from the prison and were cared for in
a camp in the fields where the operations were conducted, and
and the planting progressed without any trouble. The prisoners
set out one hundred and thirteen thousand trees at a total cost of
nineteen cents per thousand. ‘The work was so well done that
95 per cent of the trees are living and making a thrifty growth.
The State, owning large areas of land similarly located and
within reasonable distance of the prison, could profitably utilize
this labor in extending the reforesting of the Forest Preserve.

Strate Wipe Fire Law

Your attention has already been called to the necessity of ex-
tending the provisions of the fire law in order that forests outside

FARM
WOODLOTS

FORESTS
24%

IMPROVED FARMS
46%

AREA

OF

NEW YORK STATE
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO

PRESENT USE
1914

DIV. OF LANDS & FORESTS

CONSERVATION COMMISSION
STATE OF NEW YORK

CONSERVATION COMMISSION 115

the Adirondack and Catskill regions may be properly protected.
The area now under protection does not include more than one-
half of the forest area of the State. The forests in the outlying
areas are equally and, in some respects, more important than
those which are now protected.

A law should be enacted to give the commission discretion
in establishing fire districts in these outlying forest sections.
The present law gives the town supervisors various powers and
duties, which, in some cases, these supervisors endeavor to per-
form. The question of forest fires is not a town matter. Town
lines are not a barrier to their spread, neither are the forest
areas defined by such political divisions. An official hesitates
to incur necessary expense, and a fire, that can be extinguished
cheaply in one town, is, in some instances, allowed to develop
such headway that great damage and expense are incurred in
another town. The location of property or business interests
is many times such that the townspeople are not particularly
interested in the more isolated forest portions of their town
and, therefore, do not give the matter of fires proper attention.
The result of the fire protective system, which has been inau-
curated in our large forest regions, indicates that the mountain
observation station is a mecessary adjunct, and, in order to
secure proper efficiency, such stations must be established and
maintained. This, at once, becomes a matter which affects more
than one town. If the State cannot make appropriations for this
work, a law should be enacted enabling various towns mutually
interested to combine and form a fire protective district at their
own expense.

The provisions of the Weeks Law agreement with this State
provide that the Federal Government will expend three thousand
dollars for fire protection in these outlying forest regions or such
parts thereof as the State will appropriate an equal sum for
this purpose.

EXTENSION

Tue demand for literature in regard to forestry has rapidly

increased the past year. Several hundred bulletins issued by

116 Tuirp ANNUAL REporT OF THE

this Commission in regard to reforesting, general forest conditions
of the State, growing basket willow, taxation of forest land, and
care of shade trees, have been distributed. A bulletin, giving
detailed instructions in regard to handling woodlots, has been
prepared and is in the hands of the printer. A publication,
giving general information in regard to forest fires, has been
issued and is transmitted as a part of this report. A small
leaflet in regard to woodlots was prepared by one of our foresters,
printed by the Department of Agriculture and distributed at
the Farmers’ Institute. Twenty thousand copies of a small
circular calling the attention of the people to the danger of
forest fires have been printed and distributed.

Lectures on forestry have been given at a large number of
Farmers’ Institutes, before clubs, societies, and at various
meetings.

This Commission has also co-operated with the State Educa-
tion Department and assisted that department in the preparation
of an illustrated lecture on forestry. Several large diagrams
illustrating various phases of our work have been prepared and
exhibited. They are of such general interest that they are in-
cluded in this report.

TAXATION OF Forest Lanps

About five years ago, an attempt was made to secure legisla-
tion along the line of more favorable assessment and taxation
of forest lands in this State. A bill was drafted, introduced
and passed the Legislature, but was vetoed by the Governor.
In 1912, three laws were enacted —two of these were amend-
ments to the general Tax Law, while the third was a section of
the Conservation Law. <A synopsis of these various laws will
be found in the accompanying table. These laws have proven
cumbersome. There are so many provisions that the applicants
have been confused and failed to enter their lands. Since they
became effective, nineteen applications pursuant to their provi-
sions have been filed in this office, and eight of them have been

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION JONG

granted. The number filed and granted under each section is as

follows:
Section. Filed. Granted.
Section 89, Conservation Law... + 2
Secon 16. Vax Law. .2's..20 2224/2 6 4
section 17s, Tax aw. ....-.0%. 9 2

ME Te iep eee pede os Ue EEA! Ie 19 8

Turrp AnnuaL Report oF THE

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CONSERVATION COMMISSION

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120 Turrp ANNUAL Report OF THE

These statutes have endeavored to classify lands upon the basis
of their present assessed valuation, use, adaptability, area, value
and distance from villages and cities. The question as to whether
or not a piece of land is best adapted for forest purposes is
not governed by limitations of distance from centers of popula-
tion, valuation or area. The deciding factor in determining
whether or not a piece of land should come within the provisions
of such a law is whether or not it is best suited for forestry
purposes. This is a question of fact which can be determined
by an examination.

In agriculture, only the land itself, and the improvements,
are assessed. In forest areas the land and growing timber are
both assessed. The timber cannot be construed as an improve-
ment and bears the same relationship to its land as does the
agricultural crop to the farm. The difference is the length of
time that is required for the crop to mature.

It, therefore follows, that as a matter of equity, the growing
crop should not be annually assessed, but that the land alone
should be hable to annual taxation.

The various provisions of distance from cities were incorpo-
rated into the law to prevent putting under its provisions lands
near villages cr cities held for speculative purposes, and thereby
evading taxes. If the land is assessed at its actual value, rather
than upon an exemption theory, such limitations are unnecessary
because the assessment would be the same whether included
under the provisions of the statute or not. The provision of
law in regard to area was an attempt to prevent large areas from
being excepted from assessment, thereby materially reducing the
assessed valuation of a tax district. The qualification as to pres-
ent assessment and value of land was for the purpose of exclud-
ing agricultural lands and areas held for speculative purposes.

In framing a Forest Taxation Law the following provisions
should be incorporated :

1. That the growing of forests results in a public benefit and
protects and conserves the water supply.

2. Any area five (5) acres or upwards can be admitted if the
conditions hereinafter named are present.

3. That only land best devoted to tree growth, that is, true
forest land be considered.

CONSERVATION COMMISSION it

4, That the owner apply to the Conservation Commission, in
manner and form prescribed, to have such lands examined and
classified.

5. That upon receipt of such application an examination shall
be made by a competent forester for the purpose of determining

a. If the land is true forest land.
b. Proper method to be pursued in handling the same.

6. The provisions should be sufficiently broad to permit enter-
ing idle lands that are to be reforested, or lands already under
forest cover. |

7. That the plan prepared by the Commission shall be sub-
mitted to the owner for his acceptance.

8. If the plan is accepted by the owner that the same shall
be recorded in the office of the Clerk of the county in which the
land is located, and that it shall be a covenant running with the
land.

9. That the Commission shall have authority to make certified
copies of such plan and transmit a copy to the Clerk of the county
in which the land is located; that it shall be the duty of such
clerk to notify the assessors, and furthermore, that it shall be the
duty of the assessors to examine the records in the Town Clerk’s
office to ascertain if any such plans are so filed.

10. That the land so described shall be assessed at the value
of the land only. This value shall be the same as the value of
other land of the same character and similarly situated in the
same tax district.

11. That the tree growth thereon, if any, shall be separately
assessed and not subject to any taxes except a cutting tax.

12. Whenever the wood crop is harvested, except that which is
cut for domestic use and consumption, a cutting tax of five per-
centum shall be paid, of the actual stumpage value.

13. That the responsibility for the collection of this tax shall
be upon the town authorities, and that the owner shall file a sworn
statement of the amount of timber, and pay the cutting tax to the
supervisor before removing the same from the place where it is
cut.

14. That a provision shall be made for annulment of this agree-
ment, provided the owner shall pay to the town the amount of

9 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

taxes, together with interest equivalent to the amount which he
would have paid had the land not been so entered, together with
refunding to the State the expense of preparing a working plan.

15. That the Conservation Commission shall have authority to
make necessary rules and regulations in order to make effective
the statute. |

16. That any land owner may submit a plan of management
which, if satisfactory to the Commission, shall be accepted.

17. Provisions should also be made for penalty for any person
who violates the agreement, and that the Conservation Commission
or town supervisor shall have authority to maintain an action to
secure enforcement of the statute.

18. That the tax law be amended providing a separate column
for the assessment of such lands, that the value of the land be
entered in one column and the value of the forest growth in the
other column.

19. Whenever such lands are entitled to the benefits of this
section the town assessors shall write opposite the description of
the premises the fact that the lands are entitled to these benefits
pursuant to the provisions of the statute.

In some states the law provides for arbitrary assessed valua-
tion of land. This might lead to abuse and evasion of taxes. The
proposed plan of assessing at the value of denuded land of the
same quality and location in the same tax district is more equi-
table. If any owner is dissatisfied with his assessment he has
redress for a hearing, as provided by the General Tax Law.

The assessment-roll provides a place for the valuation of the
forest growth. This acts as a check upon the local assessors and
prevents them raising the assessment upon the land, providing the
same is placed under the provisions of this act. The timber is
exempt from taxation as long as the plan is carried out, except
that there is a cutting tax of 5 per cent. upon the valuation of the
stumpage (excepting material cut for domestic use), at the time
it is harvested. The burden of such collection is, in the first in-
stance, placed upon the land owner, in that he is required to file
a sworn statement and pay the necessary taxes to the supervisor.
Failure to comply with these provisions and the enforcement of the
law in this respect is left to the town officer.

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CuBa LAKE. PANORAMA LooKine SoupHEAs?. Tue Sprnnway 1s oN DxtrReme Rien’,

P, A. Gaylord, Photo

CONSERVATION CoMMISSION 193

_ The owner has a guarantee that only the land value will be
assessed; and that no higher valuation can be placed upon it, than
upon other lands of the same character in the same tax district.

The provisions are State wide. There is no necessity for the
State’s financing the tax payments, as contemplated in other pro-
posed tax laws.

RESERVATIONS

There are two reservations, namely the St. Lawrence and Cuba,
the lands of which are under the jurisdiction of this division. The
following reports are submitted in regard to these reservations.

Sr. LAWRENCE

The parks of this reservation have been added to by the pur-
chase of Long Point on Chaumont Bay in Jefferson county. This
parcel of land consists of eleven and sixty-three hundreds acres
and was purchased from Thomas Emery and others, the purchase
price being $1,500.

The dock on Canoe Point was very badly wrecked last spring ;
about sixty feet of the outer end was carried away and is now
about two miles down the river anchored to the north shore of Wells
Island. ‘Temporary repairs were made to that portion of the dock
which remains in position and the sunken portion buoyed as a
matter of precaution. There is much navigation of waters in this
locality by small power boats, and, unless measures are taken to
reconstruct the dock, damage to small craft may occur. The
dock is used very much and should be reconstructed. We regret
to say that funds are not available for the work. The docks at
Watterson Point and Mary Island need rebuilding from the
water line up, and some minor repairs are needed to the other
docks. All of the pavilions and outhouses are very much in need
of painting.

CuBa

An act of the Legislature, chapter 738 of the Laws of 1912,
placed ‘‘ The Cuba or Oil Creek Reservoir”? under the care and
control of this Commission to be preserved and maintained for
reservoir purposes for the benefit and profit of the people of the
State. This statute further provided that the lands were not to

124 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

be sold but that a caretaker was to be employed, and the Com-
mission was empowered to make rules and regulations for the use
and protection of the property. The Commission was further au-
thorized to plot the lands; prepare leases for a term of not to
exceed five years, upon such terms and conditions as it saw fit;
and also sell water rights. The spirit of the law was that this res-
ervation was to be maintained as a resort; that the people who had
erected cottages upon the land should be entitled to leases, and that
the administration of the property should be in charge of this
Commission.

Cuba Lake is located in Allegany and. Cattaraugus counties,
about seventeen miles north of the Pennsylvania line. It is about
two miles long and covers 501 acres. There is only one principal
inlet which drains an area of about twenty square miles. The en-
tire watershed which drains into the lake is twenty-four square
miles. The lake is an artificial body of water caused by the erec-
tion of a dam across Oil Creek. The dam is about one-quarter of
a mile long and sixty feet high.

Cuba lake, or what was originally called Oil Creek Reservoir,
was built as a feeder for the Genesee Valley canal. Construction
was started about 1852 and completed about 1858. When com-
pleted the area of the lake was about 480 acres. In 1864 the water
level was raised approximately four feet when an additional ap-
propriation of 106 acres was made. In 1872 the level was again
raised about six feet and there was a further acquisition of 120
acres. The purpose of such enlargement was to furnish additional
water for canal use during the summer months. The canal was
abandoned in 1878, and after some years the prism of the canal
was sold for railroad purposes. The reservoir and adjacent prop-
erty were retained by the State and the water remained at the high
point for approximately twenty years. About the year 1889, at
the time of the Johnstown flood, the residents of the village of
Cuba became alarmed for fear that the dam was not in a safe
condition and the spillway was at that time lowered seven and one-
half feet. The water has since remained at that level. The area
of State land not flooded at present is 221 acres.

When the reservoir was constructed, the land was taken by a
permanent appropriation, the amount acquired being determined

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made by:
ylord State Forester for the
VATION COMMISSION
Ye 1913.
‘Scaler in,=150 ft,

‘INV VANO LV GNV] BLVLG NO SaDVLLOO
‘oyoyd ‘plojsey “y “Wy

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 125

by the water level together with an allowance of three feet above
such level for times of high water. A traverse was run approxi-
mating this contour. When the dam was raised, subsequent ap-
propriations were made in the same way. The present boundary
of the State land appropriated follows a contour about ten and
- one-half feet above the present water level. The width of the State
property not flooded depends upon the slope of the shore. In
some places, it is very narrow, but where the shores are less abrupt
this strip widens out; and along the main inlet of the reservoir
the State property extends back one and one-quarter miles from the
present shore line.

The first work in connection with the administration of this
property was to locate the boundaries. <A set of thirteen maps,
which showed three original traverse lines, was found in the Barge
canal office, western division, at Rochester; descriptions of the
lands appropriated were found in the county clerk’s office of the
respective counties ; a book of field notes in the Division Engineer’s
Office at Rochester furnished notes of the appropriation line of
two parcels on the northerly side of the lake. This data furnished
two starting points for survey. The boundary of the State’s prop-
erty is made up of 186 lines, varying in length from less than
one chain to thirteen chains. Aside from the appropriation for
the lake property, other appropriations were made for the feeder
channel from the dam to the canal, and along the outlet.

The best use of this property has been under discussion for
some time. The question of the safety of the dam is of first im-
portance. Our experts have reported that the dam is in a
safe condition, but in need of slight repair. There is a possibility
of water storage and generation of power. The use of this reserva-
tion for recreation purposes has already become established. There
are already erected upon State land 150 cottages, while there is
room for at least 125 more. ‘Cuba lake is the only large body of
water in that section of the State. There are, within easy dis-
tance, several cities and towns, a portion of the population of
which is using these premises for the summer season. The law
authorizes the Commission to plot the lands, and make leases for
a period of not exceeding five years. The leases are now being

126 Tutrp AnnuAL Report or THE CONSERVATION CoMMISSION

prepared by the legal bureau and plans to put this work into
effect are under way. |

The small appropriation which was made was not sufficient to
complete the required survey. The land adjacent to the lake has
been located and monumented. The land along the feeder canal
has not yet been surveyed, and a small appropriation should be
made for this purpose. There are areas of land best suited for
farming and not desirable for camping sites, which should be sold.
In some places, the cottages are very near together. This condi-
tion is bad, both from the sanitary standpoint and from that of
fire protection. If approximately ten cottages were removed, it
would result in greatly relieving the situation. The matter of
sanitation must be carefully considered, and a method provided
for the disposal of garbage and refuse. °

Classification of the area is as follows:

@hiltivated*: & fuk Se Pe AN AL SA a ee 89.0 acres
Pasties 2) OA eI a aS a ee ee 64.3 acres
Highway lech we A ROG ARI re eee 11.4 acres
Danasedid jctus: ht be. eset et Se oiee ol eee Sas 29.4 acres
Qeeupiedby eottages ai cund dl. « parece eh 18.8 acres
Cemetery zee’. titawal. 4h ofelru sie een its Oe bie ey ie 1 acre
Miscel lanernsinits x suet cee bh aelte fics aisha eet eee 9.1 acres
Tots thascls Bea. ie Bie ee bree alee uk Sea eee 221.1 acres

6 Wer NRE Ue Nera Hs MONRO Cr ie IN RMI AL thi Bi 501 acres

eerie Ata BLT OTF RNS PAO a OREO MPR nS Fc WAU 723.1 acres

Respectfully submitted,
C;, Rs PRE ETS.

Superintendent of State Forests.
December 10, 1913.

SUPPLEMENT TO ANNUAL REPORT

OF

FORESTRY BUREAU

SPECIAL REPORT ON FOREST FIRES
BY

ASSISTANT SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE FORESTS

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CONTENTS

PAGE

© A APPS EVER AE oa REE de oO Meer ok Me Re Me) Co SO ee ee ea 1
CES EPA DIE GIN aii eat Mad Soha OTS MRE NPT SU Ia aR a el ep Raat Ne Prag 133
Griese Pome stane sees ice rete aie tet tale il hin wen MRC a hOMNS Ghee Ae SEKI ela 134
ERS LCE MRE Semen em rene ean ees tere T. mint as Ure PR antes GIVE \Mon ARANDA. Re a8 135
SRB JETER ky RES DIR a RE tc pho BaD, ae a Ug ee ee a a a 135

CTR SRPEN EL PTR SSIES, AAW ARV UI BTA TESS i CIS LEA sie i ct ear as ML eS Pe meg 135
Per PID ORC DI: ETO S i.e aren ene Mets eden nettce eb ved eae aida ells 136
TOTITECET TSW aT GH EAE Nocera ad te lla eS eta Ec ae hat a nd Ai 136
Alienate etme TNT Cle eed ae emer, cate amee Haren ah tie ea Lies Aiattie Std fda I Ati ARAN 137
EAE S'DSs GD LEOMS STARS EYES a PR ae BAR) Diente A eo APG a RIC epee eee ne ee ag 138
ELBURN Ley i gs De HE OW Te MMT no ee OR Ua ae eat eR PAD IM [Nec 139
VCMBDTE MENS J Gana Pele SE Soon atle ay aa tN eA GR ee lee eA a UP aL Oe 140

J OBPEND SERS 5 ari Bite dts ah ea RS AP RS lO ea eS ea eee 141

“SEED DISTRI SE eee et giles A MRE gr ENE BU Pal A Ue nS a 142

LPT DUVET Mey RE ad oh Ort ip nd RE ga 143
TRB REE TENTS OG Beek al Ee ab a a ae a a a RM A SP Mie a ati 143
CevBhs? LETS aysSie We CR ean BES nace veo Nee 2 a Be ea eg CPE ee ato 144
PATS Ot HOTREIOIIST A SB MRIS OG SOR PSEA SRS TT Fine Tee 0 oe a aR a 144
Herenecthve and Preventive VieaSULes), 6c 5 6 ck ce ee te ode wdnine towels 146
LESAEIRD il so 9 gga hateaty A Att ON a A le CTO a MN FOE AR cok Ue ma lac 146
SEE TTLOTN, RSUUEUH LO) DS eae 0 Ne 2 ee eiioe PE ed A 148

LS GLRBAS EL CE UPPER ISTE ISR ORAS SST Sg SCAN ACSC Ge eg CDS 150
PSOE S MING UCTS! kN AS RU geese NO RO ce AR in| ee Te a 152
USES LLUTTGIS. 6 arin see Aas, oe etre tie eas Hat pair ae ay at Ty mane a a tal 152
LEU RUE DSR 0 2s a Us OSE eR Ba Fa ag a a a 153
USER Oa SES oe DPT RIN ERO nA ee) a a ee 154
Restriction of Fires to Clear Land or Burn Brush........................ 154

HE TRSIOONSETL GHD IS USI Ths ere a sok ae all tN a NR 155

LO ERE LES] OUTER SE cc a IO cet Ue Sl gy ve 157
Orzanization of the Hire Miehtinge Crew. J) oe. see sl ea eon de ee cae 15e
WET aS GLE VN ATES, Te! LP Eg" 159
ADEE SI yo! Tee Ga a a A a a 159

A USERS NS SNES Ne a LAA a 160

Xe emp COMME Ula UTS WERS eum Miner geet Le cae eye wela eds vie dee 160
AAELDUTOVD EE os, 2g) 8) 8 Re I I 161

SAI een ee en eM GMC LCC kia de oes en ks euiaade wo mees 161

Si ALORtRS MILTISTAS O S) a aN ae 161

DORE LMI 6 oS a an tO eee 161
PatroAttemapenreds) Winder Gontrol. 0... 66. 6b ou se de cee eo ee ea es 162

Ero Sress 1 Mees leuulcrip Merete Ge eh) a Sages ee SAR See wo iaere Rie 163

5 [129]

130 AnnuaL REPORT OF THE CONSERVATION ComMMISSION

PAGE

Present Fire Protective System Maintained by the Conservation Department.. 169
Office Fore). ce bse Pes AOR ae PO eesti sles Vaal orn Cape eee 170

Fire Districts and District) Forest yRamezerss see. 6. sos ena eee eee oe 171
Forest Raneets: Got ooh Ae Sek pee Meet ry ce ef 171
APG: Waren sa iis ayccute ela we cuc har oe eae UIE CRY ae Sige ck AE LG Oa ma 172
Observers! 2 os CU ik or Sho ae PRO Lil r cM i Vale da ee 172
Plantation ‘Wiatchmensix Jick cere eee eee ed eee artic ils: Gicligidl ass wos oe ees 173
Railroad Hire inspectors. cele pwn eee oI eee eds Cen) ee Oiled al 173
Eficieney of the Present Syareriis: sae er ne es eee Aa a 173
Cooperaons 5.2% Ste eee etter iene oe leet enarerta eee tarenCOR eC ae LM ane Pay tI dc 175
Cooperation Under the ‘Weeks aw ....2.00.02 nase wns oe tine Se ee 175
Conclusion. sis) sdie os sed as Ea Fak Ee Ree a ee ee ee as hee 176

SPECIAL REPORT ON FOREST FIRES

INTRODUCTION

The damage done by forest fires in the past has reached enor-
mous proportions, but, until the last few years, it has not received
the attention which so large a destructive agency deserves. To be
sure, some of the worst conflagrations, such as those in the Adiron-
dacks in 1903 and 1908, and those in the Northwest in 1910, have
aroused considerable newspaper comment; but even then, the pub-
lic interest has been more concerned with the threatened loss of
life and possible damage to camps or village buildings, than with
the enormous destruction of timber and consequent damage to the
vroductivity of the forest. The growing scarcity of timber caused
the lessons so forcibly taught by these big fires to be heeded by
many, and the years 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912 and 19138 have seen
many needed improvements made in methods of fire protection for
forest regions.

The importance of this subject has been realized by thinking
men in this country for many years. Progress in forest fire legis-
lation has gone hand and hand with the advance of forestry. This
is only natural, for the practice of true forestry is impossible with-
out the establishment of an adequate system of fire protection. In
fact, this has in most cases been the first forestry measure adopted
by the Federal Forest Service in its administration of the National
Forests, and by the various states which have inaugurated forest
policies. New York was the first State to formulate and enact
practical laws for dealing with the protection of forests from fire.
Lumbermen and land owners, also, have formed associations and
devised methods for rendering their holdings as safe as possible
from the fire danger. It is a well recognized fact that protection
from fire is the first step which needs to be taken in the establish-
ment of a scientific system for the management of timberlands.
Without it, the application of even the most elementary principles
of forestry is useless.

[131]

132 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

New York State profited by her experience in the devastating
fires of 1908, and completely reorganized her fire protection sys-
tem the following year. The new system will be considered in
detail in these pages. The increase in size and efficiency of the
fire fighting force has done much to lessen the damage done by
forest fires within the last three years. Legislation, tending to
increase the efficiency of the fire fighting force, has been secured.
A number of years ago the indiscriminate setting of fires to clear
land caused more forest fires than any other agency. Now, how-
ever, the law requires that no burning shall be done within the
“fire towns ’’* of the Forest Preserve Counties, except under per-
mit from the Conservation Commission. The clause compelling
the “ lopping”’ of the tops of all coniferous trees cut within the
same territory decreases the fire danger on cut-over lands. These
are but two examples of numerous laws which have been passed,
and which have helped the State improve her system of fire pro-
tection. That there is still room for further improvement, with-
out which our forest regions invite the enormous damage to prop-
erty and possible loss of life attendant upon a severe forest fire,
will be shown in the following pages.

The number of fires which are caused every year by carelessness
and avoidable accidents is appalling. The oft-repeated cautions
which appear on fire notices posted in conspicuous places through-
out the woods, are having some effect, but there are still hundreds
of campers who, either through ignorance of the possible results of
a forest fire, or through a criminal disregard of the rights and
safety of others, fail to take the simplest precautions to prevent the
spreading of their camp-fires. If this report shall cause a half
dozen persons to desist from building their camp-fires against a
fallen log, which might spread fire, or to hold a cigar stub or match
until it is out, or until it can be thrown into a pool of water, it will
have justified its existence.

Few people have a definite idea of the vast areas of land in the
forest regions of the State which have been burned over within
recent years. The bad fires of the two years 1903 and 1908
burned over nearly a million acres of forest land within the Cats-
kill and Adirondack Preserve Counties.

* The forest towns in the central portion of the Adirondack and Catskill
regions, where the State maintains a fire protective organization.

CONSERVATION COMMISSION 133

The success of all reforesting operations depends primarily on
fire protection. Several million trees are being planted in New
York State each year, both by the State and by private land own-
ers. The importance of reforestation is indeed great, but, until
fire protection is secured, planting is merely gambling with the ele-
ments instead of being a sure business investment.

HISTORICAL

It is not within the scope of this report to present a detailed
history of the forest fires of the past. Brief mention will be made
of the worst ones and the causes will be analyzed so far as avail-
able records permit. The State of New York has, since 1891, kept
a more or less accurate account of the fires which have occurred
in the Forest Preserve. Frequent mention has been made, in
articles treating of forest fires, of the famous Miramichi fire in
New Brunswick in 1825, of the fire of Hinckley, Mich., in 1894
and of the terrible fire in Idaho in 1910. The contemporary
newspaper accounts of the latter catastrophes give one an idea of
the awful possibilities of a forest fire when conditions are suit-
able for its devolpment into a conflagration which is beyond the
power of man to control. The Hinckley and Idaho disasters are
regrettable, not so much for the enormous loss of property which
they entailed, but for the fearful loss of life.

We need not go outside our own State to find appalling instances
of destruction by forest fires. The years 1899, 1903 and 1908 saw
hundreds of thousands of acres burned over in the Adirondacks.
The fire at Long Lake West in 1908 burned over some 30,000
acres in a day and did in the neighborhood of $130,000 worth
of damage. If the “fire train” had not been on hand to succor
the residents of the little hamlet at Long Lake West, the loss of
life would have been great. Had the train arrived fifteen minutes
after it did, not a soul in the place would have escaped alive.

The years 1899 and 1903 were marked by little or no rainfall
throughout the spring months. After the snow disappeared and
exposed the dry leaves and litter on the ground to the hot rays of
the spring sun, conditions were ideal for fires until the early sum-
mer, when the new foliage came out. In 1908, the drought did

134 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

not come until well along in the summer; then, dry weather pre-
vailed until the end of October. The worst fires occurred in Sep-
tember and October.

The area burned over in the years 1903 and 1908 alone was
about 832,000 acres, or 25 per cent. of the total of the total area
of the Adirondack park.

KINDS OF FOREST FIRES

For a proper consideration of forest fires, it is necessary to
divide them into three distinct classes, namely, (1) surface fires,
(2) ground fires, and (3) crown fires. The damage caused by
fires depends largely upon the kind of fire. The timber growth
and debris on the land and the atmospheric conditions prevailing
at the time the fire originates, are important factors in influencing
the progress of the fire. For instance, a crown fire is practically
unknown in the farming regions of the State, where forest growth
occurs mainly in the form of comparatively small woodlots, con-
taining principally hardwood trees, and practically surrounded by
open fields.

There are many factors which combine to influence the char-
acter of a forest fire when it has once been started. Most im-
portant of all is the condition of the ground and of the atmosphere
as regards moisture content. In New York State, the seasons ot
the year when danger from forest fires is greatest, are usually
during the early spring, immediately after the snow has gone off
the ground and before vegetation has become green, and in the
fall after the leaves have fallen from the trees and the vegetation
on the ground has become dry. A few days of sunshine then ren-
ders this dry and dead vegetable material highly inflammable
and only a spark is needed to kindle the fire.

The amount of inflammable material on the ground is also an
important factor in determining the severity and extent of forest
fires. In this factor may be found the reason for the large amount
of attention which has been given by lumbermen and foresters in
this country, during recent years, to devising practical methods
for removing the slash left on the ground after lumbering. Of
course the amount of this inflammable material depends entirely

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CoNSERVATION CoMMIsSION 135

upon the character of the lumbering operation. It may vary from
the few scattered branches left after cutting a few trees for fuel
from a woodlot, to the large mass of limbs and tree tops left after
a hardwood and softwood lumbering operation in the forest re-
gions. :
; SurFace Fires

A surface fire is a fire which, when it burns over an area of
forest, merely runs in the leaves and ground litter, and which
does not run up into the tops of the trees to any appreciable ex-
tent, or does not burn down deep into the duff, humus or ground.
The surface fire is the easiest of all fires to control, since its flames
seldom rise to any great height from the ground, nor do they give
out such intense heat, as do the more disastrous crown fires. In
many parts of New York State, especially in the farming sections,
forest fires seldom develop beyond surface fires. This class of
fires is common in the forest regions of the Adirondacks and Cat-
skills during the very early spring, late fall or the summer when
conditions are not exceptionally dry, and the fire burns over an
area, scorching only the leaves and ground litter.

Grounp Frrzs
During periods of drought and when there is an abundance of
humus or duff on the forest floor, surface fires often develop into
what are called ground fires. In regions of dense forests, such
as are found in the Adirondack region, the layer of humus upon
the ground is often several feet in depth. Under the above condi-
tions, ground fires burn into this humus and destroy all vegetable
matter down to the mineral soil or bed rock. These fires are ex-
tremely hard to extinguish, for it is well nigh impossible to get
at them, or if they are accessible, to carry sufficient water to ex-
tinguish them. Cases are on record in which fires of this class
have smouldered for weeks, defying all efforts to extinguish
them.
Crown Fires
As has been mentioned above, crown fires can result only in
regions where there is a dense forest growth, and where the kind
of timber, the amount of inflammable material upon the ground,
the dryness of the atmosphere, and the severity of the wind, com-

136 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

bine to make possible an extensive conflagration. The crown fires
owe their origin either to surface fires or ground fires. Ground
or surface fires may be burning over an area of forest where the
topography is varied and do but little damage until they come to
the top of a ridge or knoll where the wind can reach them to better
advantage, when the increased draft thus afforded them, causes
them to run up the tree trunks and communicate fire to the
crowns or tops of the trees. Forests of coniferous trees are
especially prone to suffer from fires of this kind. The resinous
character of the trees affords excellent fuel for fire, and when the
fire has reached the crowns, the increased draft which it receives
causes it to travel with extreme rapidity. All the disastrous
forest fires of history have developed into crown fires before they
have done the greater part of their damage. It is difficult to
estimate the speed with which a crown fire travels, but there is no
doubt that these fires have frequently attained a speed of several
miles an heur.

DAMAGE DONE BY FIRES

The casual observer seldom realizes the entire extent of the
damage which is done by a forest fire. Everyone will note the
trees which have been blackened and killed outright, but few stop
to realize the loss of young growth or reproduction, the injury
to the soil, and the indirect damage to the larger trees. ‘This
brings up the question of the kinds of damage, which may be
roughly classified as “‘ Direct” and “ Indirect.”

Direct DAMAGE

Under the head of direct damage we consider the trees which
have been entirely consumed, those which have been killed, but
not destroyed, those which have been badly burned around the
roots, ete. Crown fires are the only fires which actually consume
large trees, but in the case of a severe crown fire, it is no un-
usual occurrence to have a large part of both the hard and soft-
wood timber on an area completely destroyed. It is often exceed-
ingly difficult to tell just which trees have been killed by fire.
Some retain a spark of vitality for a year or two after the fire,
and then die, as a direct result of being scorched. While it is

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 137

true that large trees are seldom consumed by any except crown
fires, great numbers of trees are killed by having their roots
burned and the soil which supports them destroyed by severe
ground fires. These fires so weaken the roots of the trees that
they fail to give sufficient support and at the first sign of heavy
wind, the tree topples over. In the dense forests of the Adiron-
dack region and in certain other parts of the State, there is prac-
tically no mineral soil covering the bed rock. In these cases a
severe ground fire burns away the accumulation of ground litter,
humus, or so-called “‘ muck,” which constitutes the soil, until
there is nothing left to sustain the tree.

Ground fires are extremely destructive in killing young growth
or reproduction, that is, the stand of saplings and seedlings which
are to form the body of the future forest crop. The smaller trees
are either entirely consumed, or at least killed, by a ground fire.
Even a surface fire may so weaken their powers of resistance, that
they will succumb within a short time.

Inprrect DAMacE

This brings us to a consideration of the question of injury which
is indirectly due to forest fires. It is a well recognized fact that
when trees have been weakened by any cause, they are more liable
to suffer from the attacks of insects or of disease germs than when
they are growing thriftily. Forest fires, in burning over an area,
leave bad fire scars on the trunks of many trees which are not actu-
ally consumed. These scars permit the ingress of fungi and in-
sects, which injure and frequently destroy the tree. Damage done
to timber by fungi which have secured ingress through fire scars
at the base of the tree is exceedingly hard to appraise, especially
in hardwood timber. New growth may cover the scar completely,
leaving little or no indication on the surface of the defects within.
Tree species vary widely in their power of resistance to fire, and
this variance must be studied if one would hope to understand the
degree of damage suffered by the forest.

Another form of indirect damage due to fire is the destruction
of the proper relationship between the number of trees and the
area upon which they stand, namely, in the reduction of the den-
sity of the stand, which is consequent upon the elimination of the

138 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

fire killed trees. The letting in of a large amount of sunlight,
which is thus occasioned, results in the appearance on the ground,
after the fire, of a large number of weeds, which cause a serious de-
fect in the composition of the forest.

The damage to the soil is, in a sense, a direct damage, but on
the other hand, its effects are not at first sight clearly visible, and
for that reason this class of damage is included under this head-
ing. When the soil is entirely burned, as has been the case in
many parts of the Adirondack and Catskill forests, the forest itself
is, of necessity, destroyed. Thus, the value of the forest, as a pro-
tection to the watershed, is lost. This value is due in a large de-
gree to the deep porous mass of decaying vegetable matter which
goes to make up the upper stratum of soil in the forest. This
layer absorbs water readily and gives it up reluctantly, so that it
is the ideal cover for regulating the water flow.

When the soil has been destroyed, it is not possible to reforest
the denuded area until after a new soil has been formed. The pro-
cesses of nature are not rapid in the case of a work like this and
it may require hundreds of years to replace the soil which has been
destroyed by a single fire in a few hours.

One of the greatest losses resulting from forest fires is the loss
in wages due to the destruction of a large amount of timber. An
expenditure of from fifteen to twenty dollars per thousand board
feet is required to convert standing timber into lumber, and mar-
ket it. The greater part of this money is spent for labor. There-
fore, when timber is destroyed, the loss to labor and to the com-
munity at large must be taken into consideration. When we con-
sider the millions of dollars invested in the lumber industry, and
the thousands of persons employed, the magnitude of the loss be-
comes at once apparent. Furthermore, when timber is destroyed,
the available supply is reduced, and the price of lumber is bound
to rise accordingly.

CAUSES OF FOREST FIRES

It is apparent that any intelligent scheme for protecting forests
from fire must be based on a knowledge (1) of the characteristics
of forest fires, (2) of the character of the area to be protected, and

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CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 139

(3) of the causes of forest fires. It is axiomatic that the aim of
any organization which has to do with the suppression of fires must
be to prevent the occurrence of fires and to promptly extinguish
any which may occur. Any plan of campaign which is laid out
must be developed as a result of a careful consideration of the
causes of fires.

RAILROADS

For many years railroads have caused more fires than any other
agency. Up to within recent years it has been the practice of most
of the railroad companies to operate locomotives within the forest
region of the State, as well as in other places, without taking
proper measures to prevent the escape of sparks and live coals. A
large proportion of the damage done by fires within the State can
be directly traced to fires which started from sparks or coals
thrown out by railroad locomotives. One needs only to observe
conditions along the railroad, to appreciate the extent of this loss.

If the right of way of a railroad is not properly cleared, at
least once a year, it soon accumulates a large amount of inflam-
mable material. A few dry days, then a spark from the stack of
a locomotive or hot coals from the ash pans, and a fire is kindled,
which, when once ablaze, will extend readily to the adjacent forest
land.

The first and most important matter to consider in reducing the
fire danger along railroad lines, is the prevention of the escape of
sparks and coals from coal burning locomotives. These are various
methods of accomplishing this. One is to place suitable guards
around the openings in the ash pan of the locomotive, and a suit-
able spark arrester, which may be either of netting or of perforated
steel, in the front end of the locomotive to prevent the escape of
sparks from the smoke stack. The only absolutely safe method,
however, is to substitute oil for coal as fuel on locomotives in oper-
ation during the seasons of the year when the fire danger is great.
The clearing of the right-of-way at frequent intervals prevents
the accumulation of a large amount of inflammable material, and
in that manner renders doubly secure the protection obtained by

the proper equipment of the locomotive.

140 Tuirp AnnuaL Report oF THE

Cirarine Lanp

Clearing land has always been a prolific source of forest fires.
A number of years ago, when fires were set indiscriminately for
this purpose within the forest regions, large areas of timberland
were burned over every year by careless persons who did not take
proper precautions to prevent the escape of their fires to the sur-
rounding forest. Fires to clear land are usually spoken of as fal-
low fires or “ burning fallow.” It is the custom to do a large
amount of this burning in the spring and fall, and too much cannot
be said of the need for caution in looking after such fires. The
present Conservation Law provides that fires for this purpose in
the forest “‘ fire towns”? may be set only under permit secured
from representatives of the Conservation Commission. The forest
rangers of the Commission are given to understand that they will
be held responsible for any damage which may be done by fires set
under permit granted by them. In this way a high degree of pro-
tection from serious fires from this cause has been secured.

Outside of the Adirondack and Catskill regions, the Conserva-
tion Commission does not have jurisdiction over the setting of
fires for clearing land. In most cases, if a farmer suffers his fal-
low fire to escape through carelessness, it is his own woodland
which will be damaged. For this reason it is only common sense
that he should use the greatest care to prevent any accident. Close
observance of the following rules would prevent damage from fires
of this class.

1. See that the area to be burned is separated from your wood-
land by a fire line. (There may be a road or other natural bar-
rier, which will save the labor of constructing a special fire line. )

2. Do not set the fire unless you have sufficient help present to
control it.

3. Do not set fires during dry weather or during heavy winds,
or at any time when conditions make the fire situation dangerous.

4. Avoid burning over large areas at a time, in order that you
may at all times have the fire under full control.

5. Do not burn brush so close to standing timber that the trees
might be injured by the heat of the fire.

6. Do not leave the fire until you are absolutely sure that it has
been entirely extinguished.

eS ee

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CoNSERVATION ComMMISSION 141

7. If you have found ideal conditions for burning in the morn-
ing, but, as the sun gets higher, conditions are too dry for safe
burning, do not continue the work; wait until rain comes, or do
the work in the evening when there is less likelihood of the fire
getting beyond your control.

CAMPERS

The number of forest fires which result from the carelessness,
and it is only fair to call it, the criminal negligence of persons who
use the woods for recreation, is appalling. It is such an easy mat-
ter to exercise proper caution in building camp fires and extin-
guishing them after they are no longer needed, that it is incon-
celvable why so many people fail to take suitable precautions.
Section 100 of the present Conservation Law provides that “ Every
person who starts a camp -—or other fire upon, or in the vicinity
of, forest or woodland, for cooking, obtaining warmth or any indus-
trial purpose, shall, before hghting the same, clear the ground of
all branches, brushwood, dry leaves or other combustible material
within a radius of ten feet from the fire, and shall carefully extin-
guish the fire before quitting the place.

“Any person violating any of the provisions of this section shall
be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not less
than ten or more than twenty-five dollars and costs of prosecution,
or by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than ninety
days, or by both such fine and imprisonment.”

Fire notices are posted at frequent intervals along the roads and
trails principally used by campers in the forest preserve regions
of the State. These notices contain cautions concerning the care
of camp fires. In spite of this fact, every spring hundreds of
fishermen, who use the woods, build small fires either for insect
smudges, for warmth, or for cooking purposes, and go way and
leave those fires without properly extinguishing them. It seems
as if these people did not take account of the fact that they might
wish to fish in the same place the following year, and that if the
forest was burned over, the streams would dry up, the fish would
soon disappear, and the place would lose all its attractive features.
In the fall the hunters visit the woods and they, too, are decidedly
careless with their fires. The danger from this source is enhanced

142 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

by the fact that both the fishermen in the spring and the hunters
in the fall are in the woods during the most dangerous fire
seasons.

Any citizen may camp temporarily on State land in the Adiron-
dacks or Catskills, on Lake George and along the St. Lawrence
river. No written permit is required. In return for the privi-
lege of using the State land, it is expected that persons availing
themselves of the privilege, will at all times exercise the greatest
care with fires. All fires, except for cooking, warmth and insect
smudges, are absolutely prohibited. Campers will be held strictly
responsible for any damage or injury to the forest which may result
from their carelessness or neglect.

A careful observance of the following rules will result in fewer
fires:

1. Don’t build a camp fire without choosing a suitable place
and clearing a sufficient space of all inflammable material.

2. Don’t build a fire against a log or where the duff or humus
is thick.

8. Don’t make a fire any larger than is necessary.

4. Don’t leave a camp fire until you are sure that it is abso-
lutely extinguished.

5. Don’t drop hghted matches.

6. Don’t lay down or throw down cigars or cigarettes in places
where they might start fires.

SMOKERS

Every year large numbers of fires are reported as having been
set by smokers, who either threw down lighted matches where
they started fires, or threw away cigar or cigarette stubs before
they were cold The fires started as a result of the carelessness
of campers, usually originate within the forest. The carelessness
of smokers, however, is responsible for fires everywhere. Lighted
matches or cigars dropped by the side of the road, or tossed from
a wagon or automobile while passing along the road, may start
fires which will ultimately do great damage to the forest. Every
person should bear this in mind when traveling in the vicinity of
forest or woodland. Hunters, fishermen and campers should

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 143

exercise great care to see that they do not set fires by ashes from
pipes, cigars or cigarettes which they may be smoking while in
the woods.

LigHTNING

Lightning is responsible for a large number of fires every year
During the year 1911, especially, fires caused by this agency
were very numerous. Sixty-five were reported in the Forest
Preserve during that year. An article on ‘The Relation of
Lightning to Forest Fires”’ has recently been published by the
United States Forest Service. The purpose of the studies made
as a basis for this bulletin was to discover what relation, if any,
there was between tree species and liability to damage from
lightning. The result of the investigations conducted by the
writer of this bulletin seems to be, that the predominating species
within a given forest region is the one which will suffer most
from lightning. In this State, the pines and hemlocks are more
often struck by lightning than other species.

There is no way of preventing fires from this source. Fires
started by lightning frequently originate on mountain peaks and
ridges in inaccessible localities. Although we cannot prevent
these fires, the system of mountain observation stations, which
has been established by the State, is of invaluable service in dis-
covering them after they have started.

INCENDIARISM

There are, in every community, certain persons of low moral
character, who, out of pure maliciousness or with an idea of
of avenging fancied wrongs, are ready to set fire to forest or wood-
land, in order to cause a loss to the owner of the property. These
persons fail to see that as members of a community which derives
its ving from the forests, they themselves are bound to suffer from
the destruction of the forests. Fortunately, there are but few of
these persons in any community, and the fires which are set by
them seldom do a large amount of damage.

Incendiarism is one of the causes of fire which is extremely hard
to combat, but a vigilant patrol and ceaseless watchfulness on the
part of mountain station observers tends to minimize the damage
which can be done by this class of fires.

144 Turrp ANNUAL Report OF THE

Berry PIcKERS

In some regions of the State it has been customary in the past
to burn over land for the sake of improving the blueberry crop.
This has resulted in the destruction of large areas of forest. By
burning over the blueberry lands, the future crop of berries may
be improved, but at the same time all young trees and oftentimes
many mature trees are destroyed, so that this practice is indefen-
sible within forest regions. During the year 1911, three persons
were indicted for setting fires for this purpose, and the indictment
of these persons has served as a wholesome lesson.

MIscELLANEOtS CAUSES

Space do not permit us to go into the large number of other agen-
cies which cause forest fires. Hunters sometimes burn over cer-
tain areas to improve the crop of briars and grasses which furnish
feed for the deer. Children playing with matches, or smoking
out small animals, have been responsible for several fires. The
sparks from logging engines and saw mills have also done their
share toward increasing the number. Every summer there are
people who go into the woods and locate so-called ‘“‘ bee trees,”
whereupon they proceed to smoke out the bees in order to obtain
the honey. Only too often the fire, which was built to smoke out
the bees, is left to spread over a large area of forest and do untold
damage. Burning buildings, situated in the immediate vicinity of
forest land, frequently send out sparks which give rise to extensive
forest fires.

While the utmost efforts have been made in this State since 1891
to ascertain the causes of all forest fires which have occurred within
the forest preserve, it has been impossible to determine the respon-
sibility for every fire. Each year a large number of fires are re-
ported, ‘‘ cause unknown.”

The accompanying table shows the number of fires, classified ac-
cording to causes, which have occurred in the State Forest Preserve
in 23 years, during the period from 1891 to 1913 inclusive.

145

CoNnSERVATION COMMISSION:

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146 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

PROTECTIVE AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES

The work of fighting fires is of the utmost importance; but if
we can keep those fires from starting in the first place, we have
accomplished much more, in that we have not only saved the ex-
pense of fire fighting, but have also prevented the damage which
would have been done by the fire. Bearing in mind the possible
causes of forest fires in a given region, we must devise a scheme of
protection consistent with the money available for expenditure for
such a purpose, and aiming especially to reduce the danger from
fires arising from the known causes. It is not sufficient to provide
a patrol force to cover the area under protection. A system must
be worked out in minute detail to cover all points; it may be based
on a patrol force, but at the same time it is important to take ac-
count of the numerous aids which may be employed to increase
the efficiency of the patrol, such as mountain observation stations
or lookouts, an auxiliary fire fighting force, telephone lines, emer
gency tool-kits, fire lines, and roads and trails through the forests.

There are various measures which may be taken to eliminate the
causes of fires, namely, the posting of fire notices containing ex-
cerpts from the fire laws of the State and otherwise warning all
users of the forest to be careful in the use of fire; the restriction of
brush burning and fires to clear land; the proper disposal of slash
left after lumbering operations; the equipment of railroad locomo-
tives with suitable devices to prevent the escape of sparks and
coals, and the clearing of railroad rights of way of all inflammable
material. Each one of these measures will be taken up separately

in the following pages.
| PATROL

The most obvious system of protection of forest lands from fire
is by means of a patrol. This is at once a simple and effective
method. The first step taken by the U. S. Forest Service, when the
National Forests were created, was the establishment of a fire
patrol. All fire protection must be based upon this idea. It may
be developed further by the introduction of mountain observation
stations and telephone lines to facilitate prompt detection of fires.
Roads and trails also are of incalculable value in increasing the
efficiency of the patrol and making possible the rapid mobilization

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 147

of fire fighting crews. But the patrol is the basis of all this and
should be organized with the greatest care.

The central organization should keep in close touch with the field
force. Frequent inspection of the work of the men in the field is
necessary to produce the highest efficiency. Care must be taken to
secure an organization which is readily adaptable to the emergen-
cies of fire fighting. There should be as little “red tape” as is
compatible with a proper performance of the work.

It is, of course, advisable to place as small an area as is prac-
ticable under one patrolman or ranger. The average area which
must be assigned to each man will usually be determined by the
amount of money which is available. With a given appropriation
for a given area, however, it does not by any means follow that all
rangers should look after equal areas. The apportionment of patrol
districts is a matter which calls for a consideration of all of the
numerous factors which influence the fire danger.

Here is where a knowledge of the sources of fire is of use. Con-
stant patrol may be required along a railroad line in one part of
the tract to be protected, while the more inaccessible regions, where
the danger of all fires, except from lightning, is reduced to a mini-
mum, do not require such careful watching. 3

In the spring, the brooks and streams frequented by fishermen
require a vigilant patrol; in the fall, the good hunting grounds are
places to be watched. During all the summer season, trails, roads,
streams, and camping places which are used by campers must be
patrolled.

A second factor influencing the division of the forest into patrol
districts is the natural topographic features, such as mountain
ranges, large streams, etc. In mountainous regions the location of
trails, roads, railroads and other routes of travel are fixed by the
topography. Sometimes communication may be afforded by a
stream or a chain of lakes. All of these considerations must be
given weight in deciding the division of the forest into patrol
districts.

When the forest has been apportioned amongst the patrol force,
it is time for the organizer to take up the question of the personnel
of the force. If he would produce satisfactory results he must
give this matter his careful attention. The duties of forest ranger,

148 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

guard, warden, or whatever the patrolman may be called, require
certain qualities in the man who would perform these duties eff-
ciently. Such a man should be honest, energetic, reliable; and,
above all, he must be a “‘ woodsman,” with an accurate knowledge
of his district and able to take care of himself in the woods. The
work requires men capable of going out into the woods day or
night and remaining on the fire line for hours at a time, capable
of directing large bodies of men fighting fire, and of providing for
those men while they are in the field.

If the area of the forest to be protected exceeds a million acres,
it 1s well to subdivide the force and provide at least one officer to
take charge of each area of 1,000,000 acres or less. When good
men can be secured for these positions, the central office can be
relieved of a large amount of routine work, thus gaining the leisure
to devise new methods by which to perfect the system.

The ranger must be provided with suitable camp outfits and an
adequate supply of tools for fighting fire. Camp outfits and tools
should be located at points where they will be readily available in
case of fire. It is not sufficient to furnish supplies of tools at the
ranger headquarters. As far as funds permit, tool boxes should be
located at various points within the forests — at lumber camps,
private camps, etc. The tools best adapted for this use will be
described later.

OBSERVATION STATIONS

The efficiency of the patrol force can be greatly increased by
lookouts or observation stations located on vantage points com-
manding views of large areas of the forest. The U. S. Forest
Service, the forestry departments of various States, and private
forest fire protective associations the country over have by their
experience of the past few years determined the value of lookouts
beyond a doubt. This feature of the system was evolved from the
patrol. In making his rounds the ranger will naturally seek the
best viewpoints in order that he may see the maximum amount of
country with the minimum travel. Where lack of funds prevents
the establishment of regular observation stations, with men to de-
vote their entire time to them, this idea is excellent. Trails should
be constructed to render commanding peaks accessible, and the

i
vine

Steel tower (45 feet high) on Twadell Point Obser- .,
vation Staticn, East Branch, N. Y.

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 149

ranger should visit these points as frequently as is compatible with
the performance with his other duties.

The ideal arrangement, however, is the establishment of regular
stations, erecting towers if necessary, and the assignment of men to
these stations during the dangerous periods of the year. The range
of vision from a station cannot be fairly judged by observations
made in absolutely clear weather. The hazy conditions of the at-
mosphere, in times of extreme drought and consequent great fire
danger, decrease the area which can be covered by a mountain sta-
tion. For this reason it is advisable to establish stations as near
together as financial resources and the presence of suitable locations
will permit. Furthermore, when two stations cover the same
country, if a fire springs up within two or three miles of one of
the stations, the observer on that station can go and fight the fire
as soon as he has reported it to the proper ranger and has advised
the observer on the other station that he will be absent from his
post. Such action will often result in a great saving of time in
attacking the fire.

If it is not possible to operate as many stations as are advisable
throughout the entire fire season, those which the most important
may be maintained, while a series of secondary lookouts may be
established to be operated only during the periods of unusual fire
danger.

The most competent patrolman may not discover a fire in the
dense forest, but the observer on a mountain can easily detect any
smoke within a reasonable distance, and, it might be said, can ob-
serve at least one hundred thousand. acres in less than a minute,
while the patrolman can cover but a limited area by the most dili-
gent effort.

Each observer should be furnished with field glasses, a topo-
graphic map of the area visible from the station, a compass (unless
the maps be oriented and fixed in place), an alidade, and when-
ever practicable, a range finder. Where the observer is well ac-
quainted with the country, but has small knowledge of the use of
instruments, the compass, alidade and range finder may be dis-
penged with.

150 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

A cabin built of boards or logs, and located as near the observa-
tion point or tower as possible, completes the equipment of the
station itself. Under some circumstances tents may be used; but
a substantial cabin is much to be preferred, as the weather condi-
tions on the top of a mountain are often rigorous, even during the
summer months.

If it is found necessary to have a tower, one can often be built
from timber secured in the adjacent forest. Standing trees may be
utilized as lookouts by fastening poles across one or a number, and
using them as uprights for constructing an observatory. In this
case the tops of the trees are cut off diagonally and creosoted, and
all bark is removed from the trunks.

Discarded steel windmill towers make excellent observatories.
They can be taken to pieces and are so light as to be easily trans-
ported up a mountain. ‘They can usually be secured for $20 or
$25 each.

Following is the cost of the average equipment for a mountain
observation station, not including telephone. It is considered that
the labor of construction can be performed by the fire patrol force
or by the observer during wet weather.

NOW ER sow eed yaks eR aes hue Le A CRT ees ae ne $90—-$25
Gali wae ine deo lekineny Aste ails On beg Re dae $20—-$40
Wield: wlasses hes hat na Ui ities esas oie eco eee he $ 8-$10
Mae? ash ales le Sook ARE eee eee, ere $ 5
ERs oases bees Bliss ve, Case eo teat we dre he ened RE A nee a 2 $53—-$80

TELEPHONE LINES

The greatest efficiency cannot be secured from a mountain obser-
vation station unless the station is connected with the ranger head-
quarters by telephone. A single ground-circuit line, attached to
trees, will usually answer the purpose. The cost of telephone
equipment for a station is as follows. One mile of wire is used as
a standard. Where more wire is needed, add cost of wire for the
additional number of miles. In this estimate it is presupposed
that the wire will be attached to trees:

CoNnsERVATION COMMISSION 5d

1 telephone (ordinary instrument)...... $10.50 to $27.50*
3 dry batteries atsh0-2000.. 2.2.5.2.) .15 to 15
iieroundl nodes oq by oO fb... 6. es 120) to .20
Hide Wa Oe Cu ota Per etree a! sila en sitii nia cle Wig o's we he .50 to 50
1 mile wire (No. 12 galvanized iron wire) G2 O0Rtow isl vt
a0 split porcelain imsulatorg............ 2b) 10 25
Biriseel shad ete’ Ea ok UO ee Meal Nigel a, $19.20 $61.20

Telephone lines can be built usually by ranger labor, although it
may be necessary to secure the services of an electrician to attend
to the installation of the instruments. It is impossible to give any
average figures for the cost of the work of clearing out the right of
way and stringing the wire. These items are entirely dependent
upon local conditions, such as the size and density of the timber,
the character and amount of underbrush, the availability of trees
to which it is possible to attach the wire, ete. But little clearing
is necessary, especially if a single wire is used. The clearing of a
right of way for the telephone line usually goes hand in hand with
the construction of the trail to the mountain station, for, unless a
great saving of wire can be secured by running the wire in a
straight line between the two points to be connected, it is desirable
to follow the trail with the wire in order to facilitate inspection of
the line by the observer. A lineman’s test set is of great assist-
ance to the observer in keeping his line in good repair, and also
serves as an auxiliary instrument for emergency use. It should
be provided whenever the length of the line exceeds two miles.
The cost of a test set is about $10.

The usefulness of the telephone is not restricted to the observa-
tion stations; it is also of great value to facilitate communication
between different members of the patrol force and between the
administrative officers and members of the force. A forest which
is traversed by main routes of travel, such as railroads or wagon
roads, is usually tapped by the lines of the commercial telephone
companies. It may not be necessary to build more than a few
miles of line to connect certain points not already reached by the

* Weather proof lock case.
+ No. 9 weatherproof iron wire.

152 Tuirp ANNUAL Report OF THE

existing lines, in order to secure a telephone system which will be
admirably adapted to the purposes of fire protection.

There is a wide variance in the cost of construction of these
lines. Jf a main road is to be followed, it is often necessary to set
poles upon which to string the wire, thus adding considerably to
the expense. On the other hand, if the road passes through forest
land, there will be trees to which to attach the wire, and yet less
clearing and altogether easier construction than in the case of the
mountain station lines.

Roaps anp TRAILS

The situation in forest fire fighting resembles that in city fire
fighting, to the extent that the sooner a fire is attacked, the easier
it is to exinguish it and the smaller the consequent loss will be.
Every agency which will facilitate prompt detection of a fire, or
enable the fire-fighters to reach the fire quickly, is of value in con-
nection with the system of fire protection. Mountain observation
stations provide for prompt detection of fires, telephones enable the
observers to report them as soon as they are detected; and roads
and trails within the forest contribute to make every section acces-
sible.

In most forests there are old roads which have been built for
previous logging operations. These, if kept cleared of brush and
trees, provide access to otherwise inaccessible regions, and greatly
aid the rapid mobilization of the fire-fighting force. The ranger
force may be employed on this work during periods of wet weather.

Frre Lines

As a rule small bodies of forest land are less likely to suffer
from disastrous fires than large bodies. They are usually more
accessible and they offer less area for the fire to travel over. A
fire can be checked in the open, while in the dense unbroken forest,
it is difficult to find a point of attack. An opening of any kind
provides such a point. Railroads, roads, trails, streams and areas
of open field or barren rock witkin a forest, are of great assistance
in combatting a fire. The forest should be divided up into just
as small units as is feasible. Where the topography of the country
furnishes lines of attack which need only to be cleared to be of

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CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 153

great use in protecting the forest from fire, or where small bodies
of valuable timber, or forest plantations render it practicable, fire
lines may be constructed. A fire line consists of a strip of ground
from which all inflammable material — usually including the
standing timber — is removed to a width of several feet. or the
ordinary forest in this State it is seldom practicable to make the
line over twenty feet wide. A number of narrow lines is better
than one very wide one.

Trails, roads and fire lines will not invariably stop bad forest
fires; they cannot be made wide enough to stop crown fires. How-
ever, they furnish vantage points from which to set “ back fires,’
and they will check and occasionally stop surface fires and light
ground fires.

EpucATION

About ninety per cent. of the total number of forest fires which
occur every year are due to carelessness or negligence. The only
fires which do not start from these sources are those which are pur-
posely set or those which are caused by lightning. Thousands of
campers and sportsmen visit the woods every year. Many of these
people see the forest only during their few days of annual vaca-
tion. They are not woodsmen; they are not conversant with the
conditions existing in the forest, especially as regards the danger
of fire. Most of them would be perfectly willing to see that their
camp fires were built in safe places, and that they were extin-
guished when there was no more use for them, if they realized the
fire danger.

Probably the most important of the true preventive measures to
adopt in protecting forests from fire, is the education of this class
of people to a proper realization of the ease with which fires may
be started, and the care necessary to prevent them. In nine out
of ten cases of forest fires caused by campers and sportsmen, the
carelessness which permits the fire to escape is the result of igno-
rance. The only way to combat this ignorance is by education.
Propaganda should be distributed calling attention to the fire dan-
ger and the care necessary to avoid that danger. Many ingenious
methods of bringing the fire situation home to the public have been
devised.* The insertion of fire warnings in the time table folders

* Mr. E. T. Allen, of Portland, Ore., Forester for the Northwestern Forest Fire Protective Asso -
ciation, has written a most interesting and instructive article on this subject in ‘‘American For-
estry ’’ for October, 1912.

154 Tutrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

of railroads passing through the forest, and in telephone direc-
tories has proved effective in New York State. Pamphlets con-
taining these warnings have been distributed amongst sportsmen
and others who go into the woods.

“Fire Notices ” posted in the woods convey the information in
perhaps the most effective manner. These notices caution campers,
hunters, fishermen and all other users of the woods about the
use of fire; they quote portions of the forest laws of the State in
which the forest is situated; and they may bear the name and ad-
dress of the nearest forest officer, to whom all fires should be re-
ported. Notices should be posted at points where they are most
likely to be seen, such as along roads, trails, and streams which are
frequented by campers, in railroad stations, in hotels, ete. They
should be printed in large type so that they will attract attention
and be easily read.

RAILROADS

The number of forest fires set by railroads under ordinary con-
ditions can be greatly reduced by the application of suitable spark
arresting devices to the locomotives. The only way to render loco-
motives absolutely safe in this regard is to equip them with oil
burning apparatus. If proper precautions are taken, however,
coal-burning locomotives will cause many less fires. The points of
danger are the ash pans and the smoke stacks, or, in railroad par-
lance, the ‘‘ front ends.” If the openings in and around the ash
pans are protected by screens or other devices, so that live coals can-
not fall out of them on the right-of-way; if a spark arrester of fine
enough mesh is placed in the front end of the locomotive, and if
these devices are maintained at all times in good condition, the dan-
ger of fires being started by that locomotive is greatly reduced.

The question of locomotive equipment will be discussed further
when the matter of the laws applying to railroads is taken up.

RESTRICTION OF Frres To Crear Lanp or Burn BrusH

It has been recognized for several years that the indiscriminate
setting of fires to clear land or to burn brush, especially in the
more densely forested regions, has been the cause of many large
and disastrous forest fires. Even the fact that these fires might
damage the property of the man who set the fire does not seem to

aa = Sa Ses * - = = - ee er
1

Any person who wilfully or vocnseate sets
fire to or assists another to set fire to any wild, |
waste; or forest lands belonging to the State is —
guilty of a crime and may be punished oa .
IMPRISONMENT for not more than TEN YEARS ©
or by a FINE of not more than ve 000. 00 or by —
Pe both. —(Penal Law Sec. 1421)

Camp fires eh not be started until all inflammable material hasbeen _
_yemoved. - |

ae tt It
Matches must not be dropped until aes and broken in half.

All camp, cmpaae or other fires must be absolutely extiieuiched
pefore leaving them. |

: Every person visiting the forests will be held responsible for any
damage he may cause.

bs It is opened everyone will use ‘the same caution. in eeerd S fie
Ce as if the forests were his own property.

In case of fire notify ‘he Forest Ranger if 3 you ars anable a aehin:
guish ee :

Co-op ats with all i in nthe prateenon of the foroat; the ash and thes game
for the general welfare.

| Fires for clearing land, burning Se brush: stuaieu or , grass s must oe
es be started by comin a Sukie permit from the Forest Ranger.

Pe. By order of the CONSERVATION —

Form oF Fire Notice Postep In Conspicuous PLACES IN THE FOREST REGIONS.
The form is changed annually in order to increase effectiveness.

CoNnSsERVATION CoMmMMISSION 155

have acted as a restraint. It is evident that prevention of fires
from this source can only be effected by the establishment and
enforcement of rigid rules or laws by the State itself. Fires
should not be set for these purposes at any time of the year except
under permit from a forest officer of the State. It is not sufficient
to restrict the burning to certain seasons, for the uncertain char-
acter of the weather makes it impossible to fix by dates any season
within which burning may or may not be safely done.

DisposaL oF SLASH

The question of the most practicable method of eliminating the
fire hazard caused by the large amount of inflammable material
left on the ground after lumbering operations has, within recent
years, received the careful attention of foresters, lumbermen, and
owners of timberland the country over. That there is a great
danger from this source will be admitted by all. If the mass of
debris were removed, the greater part of the danger would be re-
moved with it; but under most circumstances the cost of such an
operation would be prohibitive. The problem resolves itself into
the following factors: The importance of the fire risk, depend-
ing upon the location of the cut-over area, the amount of brush left
on the ground, the character of the timber which remains stand-
ing, the condition of the forest floor, as regards the quantity of
duff or humus in which fire would spread, and last, but by no
means least, the cost of the various methods of disposing of the
slash. ‘The methods best suited to the conditions must be deter-
mined by balancing the fire risk and the cost of protective
measures.

In the more open coniferous forests of the West, experience has
shown that it is practicable to cut off all lateral branches from the
trunk of the tree when it is felled and collect these branches in
small piles. Then, when weather conditions are favorable, such
as after the first fall of snow in the winter, these piles may be
burned. The cost of piling and burning under ordinary condi-
tions ranges from ten to fifty cents per thousand board feet of
timber cut. When weather conditions are favorable the burning
may be carried on while lumbering operations are in progress.

156 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

The cost of the work is reduced by this method, but the risk is
much greater than in the first method.

In the dense forests, characteristic of the mountain regions of
New York State, where the land is seldom cut clean and where
the soil is of a vegetable character, the conditions are usually such
as to render burning impracticable. Even though the piles of
brush be burned at the most favorable time, there is bound to be
considerable damage done to the surrounding young growth. The
method of lopping or cutting off all lateral branches from the top
which is left on the ground, ensures the rapid decay of the
branches and of the top itself. To secure the best results all lat-
eral branches on both the upper and lower sides of the trunk, must
be cut off, so that the branches and the trunk itself will lie close to
the ground. If the brush is scattered when it is lopped, so that
there are no large piles, all branches will le close to the ground.
and their decomposition will be still more rapid. The compara-
tively moist ground and weather conditions common to the forest
regions of this State, make this method especially advisable. Fur-
thermore, the custom of utilizing the timber in the trunk of a tree
up to a very small diameter, leaves only a small crown which will
not greatly increase the fire hazard if carefully lopped. The cost
of lopping by competent men, is from fifteen to twenty-five cents
per thousand board feet of timber cut.

There is no doubt in the minds of observant men that the lop-
ping of tops induces a more rapid decay of the brush, and thus
tends to reduce the fire danger after three or four years from the
time of the lumbering operation. Neither can there be any log-
ical refutation of the statement that it is much easier to fight fire
on an area where the tops have been lopped, than on one where
they have not been so treated. In clearing a line cround the fire
the loose branches may be picked up and tossed to one side without

”? Ig necse-

the use of an axe, while a large amount of “ swamping
sary where the ground is covered with unlopped tops.

It has been argued that on account of the dense mass of in-
flammable material close to the ground, a forest fire will at all
times of the year become hotter and will damage the soil to a
greater extent on areas where the tops have been lopped. Careful

examination of this point, as applied to spring fires at least, does

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 15

not seem to bear out this claim. The fact remains. moreover,
that where tops have been lopped, the fire risk is rapidly decreas-
ing after the first two or three years, while unlopped tops, propped
off the ground on their lower branches, usually remain dry and
inflammable for fifteen years or more.

In this connection we have discussed only the lopping of the
tops of coniferous or “ softwood” trees. As a rule the limbs and
branches of the hardwoods decay much more rapidly than do those
of the coniferous species, but in spite of this fact, the rapid in-
crease in hardwood lumbering which has taken place within the
past few years, makes the solution of the problem of hardwood
slash disposal imperative. In operations where the tops are fully
utilized for acid wood, there is very little material Ieft on the
ground. The fire hazard may be greatly reduced by the introduc-
tion, in connection with a hardwood logging operation, of a chem-
ical or acid plant, which will use only large defective trees and
the otherwise unmerchantable portions of trees felled for lumber.

FIRE FIGHTING

- $So far in these pages no mention has been made of the work of
fire fighting. We have considered the various classes and kinds of
forest fires, the damage which they do, the causes from which they
originate, and the preventive measures to which we may resort to
eliminate those causes so far as possible. A system of patrol with
its aids has been outlined. Methods for the prompt detection of
fires and the facilities necessary to provide for the securing of fire
fighters have been considered. We come now to the matter of the
actual fighting of the fire after it has been discovered.

ORGANIZATION OF THE Fire Ficutine Crew

Each member of the patrol force should be so familiar with his
territory that when he learns of a fire in a certain locality, he can
tell at once where to get men and tools to fight the fire, and how
to get them to the point of attack in the shortest time.

If the fire is a small one, the ranger himself will be able to ex-
tinguish it. If, however, the indications are that it covers a con-
siderable area, he will do well to make provision for a number of
fire fighters. It is better to get to a fire with too many men than

158 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

with too few. It skould always be borne in mind that the time
to attack a fire is when it starts, and that the loss of a few minutes
at that time may mean hours or even days of work later, not to
mention the loss of property caused by the fire, should it attain
large proportions.

Here is where the fire fighting experience and knowledge of the
nature of forest fires which the ranger may have will stand him
in gocd stead. He will need to know that: —

1. Fire travels much faster uphill than down.

2. It travels rapidly before the wind, but only slowly against it.

3. A large amount of inflammable material on the ground
means a hot fire which cannot be approached closely.

4. The severity of the fire depends largely upon the character
of the timber.

5. The hotter the fire the farther away from it the fire line will
have to be started.

6. Fires, and the winds which accompany them, die down at
night and spring up again in the forenoon. Evening and early
morning are the best times to attack fires, and the crew should be
so organized that the maximum number of men will be available
for work at these times.

The ranger in charge must pick out some lines within which he
thinks it possible to control the fire. Joads, trails, streams,
‘swamps, railroads, fire lines, or topographic features may give him
the opportunity to make a stand. If the flames cross his first line
of attack, he must be prepared to fall back at once and start a
new cne, and so on, frequently again and again, until the fire is
finally checked.

As soon as it becomes advisable for a ranger to employ extra
help, he must begin to consider the question of organization, in
order that he may secure the highest possible degree of efficiency
from his men. He must see that arrangements are made for feed-
ing and lodging his crew in the immediate vicinity of the fire.
Fire fighting is arduous labor at best, and it is impossible for men
to do their best work on the fire line if they have to walk long dis-
tances to and from work. ‘The ranger should have provisions and
a camp outfit sent in to the fire from the nearest available source.

CoNnSERVATION COMMISSION 159

If the fire is a large one and many men are employed to fight it,
the man in charge should keep the whole situation in hand. He
should at all times know the progress of the work all along the fire
line. If necessary, he must appoint lieutenants or foremen to
take charge of certain sections, while he himself moves around the
fire constantly planning the attack.

Merruops or ATTACK
Whenever possible a fire should be attacked from the front. As
a fire travels before the wind, it spreads out until its front may
cover several miles. The front of the fire is where the fire fighters
are most needed. If the fire can be checked along the front the
sides and back can be attended to later.

It is essential that a forest fire be surrounded by a strip clear of
all inflammable material before the fire may be said to be under
control. Jn moist situations where the fire burns itself out, this
strip may be supplied by the edge of the burn itself. The ground
which has been burned and on which the fire has died out, will not
furnish fuel for the flames. Where it is necessary to extinguish
the fire some sort of a line must be cleared unless a natural barrier
is so located as to lend itself to use for this purpose.

TRENCHING

If the burned area can be surrounded by a trench from which
everything has been removed down to the mineral soil, an excel-
lent fire line, and the only kind that will stop a ground fire, is
secured. Such a trench may be made with mattocks, shovels, hoes,
rakes or other similar tools. The implement best suited for use
in fighting fire in a given forest region must be largely determined
by experience. If the forest floor is covered with a deep layer of
duff or humus, shovels and mattocks will usually prove more ser-
viceable than hoes or rakes. On the other hand, if the humus is
shallow and the mineral soil is near the surface, a wide, clean fire
line can be cleared very rapidly with a rake.

It often happens that in dense forest there is considerable chop-
ping to be done to clear the fire line of trees, standing and down,
logs, brush and other materia! of like nature. In this kind of

160 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

work an axe is indispensable. In fact, there are many uses for
an axe and crosscut saw in fighting fire. When the fire has been
surrounded it is advisable to go into the burned area and fell all
burning trees which threaten to throw sparks across the fire line
and start new fires.

Where the ground is open enough, and where horses and plows
are available, a surface fire may oftentimes be stopped by a plowed
furrow. An instance is on record in this State where an excel-
lent fire line was cleared through dense timber and where the duff
was very thick, by the use of dynamite. Seven dollars worth of
dynamite did the work of forty men and did it much quicker than
the men could have done it.

WATER

Forest fires often occur in localities far from any considerable
water supply; but whenever it can be obtained, water is of great
assistance in fire fighting. No fire-fighting equipment is complete
without a liberal supply of pails for carrying water. The best
kind of pails for this work are made of canvas with rings at the
bottom and top to keep them in shape. These pails are collapsible
and are lighter and more portable than the ordinary metal or fibre
pails. In localities accessible by wagon-roads, water may be
hauled in barrels and distributed to the fire fighters.

The most effective way of applying water is by means of a force
pump. Such a pump is obtainable at a moderate price and under
certain circumstances is a valuable addition to the equipment.

One of the principal uses of water is to extinguish the last
vestige of fire which may remain in the duff or in stumps or old
logs after the fire has been gotten under control. These places
must be thoroughly saturated in order that the first breath of wind
may not fan them into flame and send a shower of sparks across
the fire line.

CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHERS

Chemical fire extinguishers have proved their value for use in
farming sections where the forest occurs largely in the form
of comparatively small, isolated woodlots, and where there are
numerous roads over which a wagon load of extinguishers may be
hauled. Most of the extinguishers now on the market are heavy,

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CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 161

expensive, and difficult to transport without the aid of wagons.
This renders their use impracticable in the more inaccessible
forest regions.
WHIPPING

In fighting surface fires, effective work may be accomplished
with brush or small branches by whipping the burning leaves at
the edge of the fire back into the burned area. This may be done
even more effectively with pieces of sacking or burlap soaked in
water. In attacking a fire in this manner, particular care must
be taken to sweep the burning material back into the fire area,
for otherwise this whipping would serve rather to aid the spread
of the fire than to check it.

Sanp

A plentiful supply of sand is nearly as good as a supply of
water, especially if the fire fighting crew is equipped with shovels.
A shovelful of sand is tremendously effective in putting out a fire.
Loam is not so valuable for this purpose as pure sand, but it may
be used in a pinch.

“Fire TRarns”

A so-called fire train, consisting of a locomotive and one or two
freight cars to carry water, tools and men, may be used to good
advantage in fighting forest fires along the line of a railroad. The
area which can be covered by this method depends upon the length
of the hose with which the train is equipped. Water is carried on
the cars, and a pump operated by the locomotive provides the
power necessary to force the water through the hose. Even though
the hose and pumping apparatus be omitted from the equipment,
a train of this sort will often be of great value to transport men
and tools to a fire.

Some railroads have supplemented the fire trains by placing
barrels of water along the right of way on heavy grades where, on
account of the forced draught of the locomotive when passing up
grade, there is a likelihood of fires starting.

BackKFIRING
A crown fire always starts from a surface fire or a ground fire
and is accompanied in its progress by these fires. It will die out
when there is no inflammable material on the ground to feed the

6

162 Turrp AnNuUAL REPORT OF THE

accompanying ground or surface fires. Anyone of these classes of
fire, if burning vigorously, is likely to jump the fire line unless
backfires are set. In the case of ground or surface fires, these
back fires need burn over only a narrow strip before they meet the
main body of the fire. These fires do not acquire the momentum
of a crown fire. In the case of a fire of the latter class, back fires
must be set at a considerable distance from the main body of the
fire, in order that a wide strip may be cleared of fuel and the
crown fire checked before it approaches near to the fire line.
Otherwise the line will be crossed and the work will have to be
repeated on a new line of attack.

The utmost caution must be observed in the use of back-fires.
They should not be set except when, mm the judgment of an experr-
enced fire-fighter, they are absolutely necessary. Back-fires set
indiscriminately and by persons ignorant of their proper use, have
done untold damage because of their having been started miles
away from the main body of the fire by irresponsible persons, who
saw the smoke of the fire and thought that their property was
threatened.

Back firing cannot be employed advantageously under adverse
wind or weather conditions. <A large fire creates a draught of its
own, and this is one reason why a large forest fire is usually
accompanied by a strong wind, which fans the flames and carries
them along with it. The back-fire must be started far enough
from the main fire to escape the influence of this draught, and it
should be set where it will burn wp hill, or it will do more harm
than good. When it is started, the greater part of the fire fighting
crew should be present to keep it from crossing the fire line.

Parrot AFTER Firz 1s UNpDER ConTROL

Too much stress cannot be laid on the necessity of carefully
watching. a fire until every vestige of it has been extinguished. A
large proportion of the damage which has been done by forest fires
has been caused by fires which have broken out after they were .
believed to be controlled. A safe rule is to leave a man on a fire
until it is apparently out and, then have him stay a day or so
longer. The expense of this patrol will be amply justified in the
long run.

CONSERVATION COMMISSION 163

PROGRESS IN LEGISLATION

This report deals primarily with forest fires and fire fighting
in New York State. It would not be complete without a brief
review of legislation which has affected the fire situation. It is
only possible in these pages to touch upon the most salient features
of legislation along these lines.

In the year 1885 the Forest Commission was created and was
charged with the “care, custody, control and superintendence of
the forest preserve.” ‘The forest preserve included certain desig-
nated areas in the Adirondack and Catskill regions. The Com-
mission was granted the power to employ “a forest warden, forest
inspectors,’ and other assistants. It was charged with the duty of
protecting the public interests of the State with regard to forests
and tree planting, and especially with reference to forest fires in
every part of the State. The Commission and all of its employees
were authorized to order out persons to assist in extinguishing
forest fires and also to take such measures as might be necessary
to fight fires. Reports were required of all fires of over an acre
in extent.

The supervisor of every town of the State was made ex-officio
fire warden. ‘In towns particularly exposed to damages from
forest fires” the supervisor was authorized to divide the town into
districts and to appoint a district fire warden for each. The Com-
mission was thus given the power to appoint one or more fire
wardens in each of the 234 towns in the Forest Preserve. This
system of fire wardens, paid only for the time they actually spent
in the performance of their duties, remained substantially the
same until the present system of a paid fire patrol force was
‘inaugurated in 1909. In all cases the fire wardens were paid two
dollars per day for their services during the time they were
actually employed; and bills for their services had to be approved
by their respective town boards of audit.

It is interesting to note the provisions of the law of 1885
regarding railroads which passed through forest land within the
State. The law provided that all inflammable material should be
cut and removed from the right of way twice a year; that locomo-
tives should be equipped with spark arresters; that ashes or fire-

164 Tuirp ANNUAL REporRT OF THE

coals should not be deposited upon the track in the immediate
vicinity of woodlands or forests; that railroad employees should
promptly report forest fires; and that the railroad companies
should employ additional trackmen during exceptionally dry
weather to extinguish forest fires near the railroad lines.

_ The law also contained a section requiring the Forest Commis-
sion to post fire notices. A severe penalty was prescribed for the
setting of forest fires by incendiaries.

An appropriation of $15,000 accompanied the law. This
amount covered all the expenses of the Commission, including
salaries and expenses of employees, etc. There was no provision
made for a fire patrol force, nor was there money enough to enable
the proper enforcement of the law.

The report rendered by the Forest Commission in the year 1888
embodied recommendations for an amendment to the forest law
to authorize the payment of not to exceed one dollar a day to all
men employed by fire wardens to aid in preventing and extin-
guishing forest fires. Such an amendment was passed at the next
session of the Legislature.

The Forest Commission was succeeded in 1895 by the Fisheries,
Game and Forest Commission. The new Commission, in its
first annual report, recommended two important changes in the
laws relating to forest fires. First, it recommended that the ex-
pense of fighting forest fires be borne one-half by the State and
one-half by the town in which the fire occurred; the entire bill to
be first audited and paid by the town, after which the State should
refund to the town one-half the sum thus expended. In 1896 the
law was amended to provide for the payment by the State of
one-half the expense of fighting fires in “‘towns within the coun-
ties containing the Forest Preserve.”’ The same law increased the
pay of fire wardens from $2 to $2.50 per day for the time actu-
ally employed.

The new Commission in 1895 also recommended the insertion
in the law of a clause forbidding the lighting of fires for clearing
land or to burn brush, in certain designated towns within the
forest preserve, between April 1 and June 10, and between Sep-
tember 1 and November 10; and providing that from June 10 to
September 1 such fires should only be set at such times as the

*

ae

_——

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 165

fire warden should give permission. ‘his recommendation was
embodied in the forest laws of 1897.. The area to which these
restrictions applied included 85 towns within the Forest Preserve.
This was the origin of the so-called “ Fire Towns” which will be
explained further in subsequent pages.

The law of 1898 also increased the compensation of fire fight-
ers, who might be called out by a fire warden, from $1 to $2 per
day for the time actually employed.

The forest law was amended in 1900 by the addition of a pro-
vision requiring the appointment of a chief fire warden to take
charge of the fire wardens, under the direction of the Superin-
tendent of Forests, and to attend to the enforcement of the laws
relating to forest fires.

In 1900 also the application of the law placing the organiza-
tion of a fire warden system in the hands of the Commission was
restricted to the sixteen forest preserve counties in the Adiron-
dacks and Catskills. In spite of that restriction of the forest
law, the town supervisor was still ex-officio fire warden in his
town, and a decision handed down by the Supreme Court in
May, 1902, held that a supervisor could be held responsible for
damages caused by a forest fire which was suffered to burn on
account of his negligence or inattention to duty.

The name of the Fisheries, Game and Forest Commission was
changed by the laws of 1901 to the Forest, Fish and Game Com-
mission and the number of commissioners was reduced to one.

The bad forest fires of 1903 emphasized the need of the en-
forcement of the laws relative to the proper precautions which
should be taken by railroads. To provide for the enforcement of
these laws, provision was made in 1904 for five assistant fire
wardens, at least four of whom were to inspect railroads and en-
gines operating thereon in the forest preserve counties of the
State.

The laws of 1904 further provided that in times of great fire
danger the Forest, Fish and Game Commissioner should have the
power to organize and maintain a patrol along railroad lines in
the Forest Preserve, one-half of the cost of such patrol to be paid
by the railroads. Under the same conditions the Commissioner
was given the power to organize a patrol in any town in the Forest

166 Tuirp AnNUAL REporRT OF THE

Preserve during the fire season. The appropriation under this law
was not sufficient, however, to permit the organization of a large
and efficient patrol force.

Thus we see that, with a few changes, the fire warden system
prevailed from 1885 to 1909. The disastrous fires of 1908,
coupled with the lessons taught by the fires of 1903, showed that
the system was unsatisfactory. The need was felt for the estab-
lishment of a paid fire patrol force, and of a sufficient force of
railroad inspectors to secure the enforcement of the laws pertain-
ing to railroads. The year 1909 saw the introduction of the
present system, which has since been retained substantially
unchanged.

The 1909 law provided that the Commissioner should divide the
Forest. Preserve into districts not to exceed four in number and
place in charge of each of these districts an official to be known
as a Superintendent of Fires. With the approval of the Com-
missioner the Superintendents of Fires were to divide their dis-
tricts into patrol districts, employing a suitable person, to be
known as a Fire Patrolman, to look after forest fires within each
patrol district. Besides providing for a paid fire patrol, the law
also made possible the establishment and operation of mountain
observation stations.

The Governor was given the power, in time of extreme drought,
to forbid, by proclamation, any person from entering any portion
of the lands within the Forest Preserve for the purpose of camp-
ing, hunting or fishing.

The portions of the law relating to the restriction of the setting
of fires to clear land, burn brush, ete., remained practically un-
changed. The provisions relating to railroads were made more
specific than in the old law. The Public Service Commission
was made the judge of what constituted suitable devices to prevent
the escape of sparks and coals from the engines. All railroads
were required to clear their rights of way of inflammable material
at least twice a year; and lines in the forest preserve counties
were required to take such action whenever such clearing might be
required by the Forest, Fish and Game Commissioner. The “ in-
spectors ” provided for by the law of 1904 were retained in the
new organization, and these men have been employed to good
advantage in securing compliance with the law.

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 167

In the winter following the serious Adirondack fires of 1908,
the Forest, Fish and Game Commissioner requested the Public
Service Commission to issue an order compelling the use of oil as
fuel for locomotives operating during the daytime along certain
designated lines within the Forest Preserve. Such an order was
issued by the Public Service Commission in 1909, after hearings
had been held at which the whole question of the fire danger
along the lines of railroads passing through the more densely
forested regions of the State was carefully considered from ail
standpoints. ‘The order is still in effect during the fire season of
each year. Coal burning locomotives equipped with suitable pro-
tective devices may be used on these lines during the night only,
viz., between 8 P. M. and 8 A. M.

The law of 1909 altered materially the system of paying fire
bills. The State, as before, was to bear one-half the expense
of fighting forest fires within the “fire towns;” but under the
new law the State first advanced the whole amount of the fire bills,
and at the end of the season rendered a bill to the towns for their
share of the expense. This was a marked improvement over the
former system in that it ensured more prompt payment of all
accounts and enabled the Forest, Fish and Game Commissioner
to secure greater efficiency in the work of fire fighting. This
system has continued unchanged.

The paid patrol force was supplemented by a force of “ Special
Patrolmen.” These men corresponded to the ‘‘ Fire Wardens”
under the old law. They were to be paid at the rate of $2.50 per
day for time actually spent in fighting fires which were burning.
but were not authorized to incur expense in patroling for the
' purpose of detecting fires.

The 1909 law fixed the rate of compensation for persons who
might be called out to fight fire by the regular or special patrol-
men at fifteen cents an hour. This may seem like poor pay for
the arduous labor of fighting fire, but under the former law, when
the rate of compensation was twenty-five cents an hour, frequent
" eases occurred wherein unscrupulous persons deliberately set fires
in order that they might secure employment in extinguishing
them.

Probably the most radical feature of the law of 1909 was the

168 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

section dealing with the disposal of slash left after logging opera-
tions. After the fires of 1908, the Forest, Fish and Game Com-
missioner held a conference with the leading lumbermen of the
State for the purpose of devising some means of reducing the
fire hazard on cut-over lands. Most of the lumbermen favored
the idea of lcpping the tops of trees which were felled in lumber-
ing operations. The law, as finally drafted, provided that all
the limbs and branches of any coniferous trees cut within the
Forest Preserve, unless the trees were designed for use with the
branches on them, should be cut off or lopped from the tree at the
time of cutting. A penalty was provided of $25 for each offense,
plus $2 for each tree-top which should not be looped in compli-
ance with the law.

No material changes were made in the Forest, Fish and Game
Law in either 1910 or 1911. In the summer of 1911, however,
the Forest, Fish and Game Commission was consolidated with
the State Water Supply Commission. The present Conservation
‘Commission was created, combining the duties of the two former
commissions. One of the first tasks undertaken by the new Com-
mission was the redrafting of the Forest, Fish and Game law,
in the Conservation Law of 1912. The laws relating to the fire
protective system were not materially altered.

The title of Superintendent of Fires was changed to ‘District
Forest Ranger;” that of Fire Patrolman to “Forest Ranger;”’
that of Special Patrolman to “‘Fire Warden.”

In order to facilitate prompt payment of fire bills in cases of
emergency, the auditor of fire accounts was empowered to draw
on the comptroller for advances to meet the expenses of fighting
fires.

Strict regulations, as to precautions to be taken by persons
building fires for cooking, warmth or insect smudges on forest
land in the Forest Preserve, were embodied in the new draft of
the law.

The application of the law requiring the lopping of tops was
restricted to the area included within the Fire Towns.

The law providing for the cleaning of rights of way and the
equipment of locomotives with suitable protective devices, was
made state-wide in its application, instead of being restricted to

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 169

the forest preserve counties. ‘The organization of the railroad
inspection force was improved by the designation of two Chief
Fire Inspectors and not to exceed four other Fire Inspectors.
The State was to be divided into two districts with a Chief In-
spector in charge of each one. Power was given to the Chief In-
spectors to reject from service any locomotives which, in their
opinion, were “‘deficient in adequate design, construction or main-
tenance of their fire protective devices.”

The law further required that all engines operated in or near
forest land, such as donkey, traction, or portable engines, steam,
sawmill or any other engine not using oil for fuel, should be
equipped with devices giving “the most practicable protection
against the escape of sparks and cinders from the smokestack
thereof.”

Having considered the progress of legislation affecting the for-
est fire situation from 1885, when the first laws bearing upon
this matter were enacted, to the present time, we are now in a
position to take up the question of the present organization of the
fire fighting force under the Conservation Commission.

PRESENT FIRE PROTECTIVE SYSTEM MAINTAINED BY
THE CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT

The Conservation Commission is composed of three commis-
sioners appointed by the Governor. The department is divided
into three branches: (1) Lands and Forests, (2) Fish and
Game and (3) Inland Waters. A deputy commissioner is ap-
pointed to head each of the three branches of the department.
The Division of Lands and Forests is further subdivided into two
bureaus, (1) Lands and (2) Fecrests. The latter is designated as
the Bureau of Forestry, and is under the direction of the Super-
intendent of State Forests.

The work of the Bureau of Forestry may be considered under
three heads, (1) fire protection, (2) trespass and (3) technical
forestry. Before going on to discuss the question of fire pro-
tection, it may be well to define the Forest Preserve as it exists at
present There are sixteen forest preserve counties. Twelve of
these, containing about 10,773,000 acres, are in the Adirondack

170 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

region. ‘These counties are as follows: Clinton, Kssex, Franklin,
Fulton, Hamilton, Herkimer, Lewis, Oneida, St. Lawrence, Sara-
toga, Warren and Washington. There are four forest preserve
counties containing 2,913,000 acres in the Catskill region, These
are as follows: Delaware, Greene, Sullivan and Ulster. This
gives a total of 13,686,000 acres within the Forest Preserve.
Within this area there are over 1,600,000 acres of land owned by
the State. !

The work of the Conservation Commission in protecting the
forests of the State from fire is now confined to the more densely
forested portions of the forest preserve counties. The area is
defined by law as being comprised in 78 towns in the Adirondacks
and 19 towns in the Catskills, a total of 97 “ fire towns,” the
ageregate area of which is approximately 7,270,000 acres.
Although the Conservation Department is not charged with the
duty of looking after fire protection in the State outside of the
fire towns, there is a section of the town law which provides that
town supervisors shall be ex-officio fire officers.

OrrFicEe ForcE

The work of fire protection is directly in charge of the Superin-
tendent of State Forests and under him, of the Assistant Super-
intendent of State Forests.

The auditor of fire accounts is charged with the duty of ex-
amining carefully all bills which may be submitted by the field
force and of auditing these bills if correct. These bills include
items incurred in connection with the erection of observation sta-
tions or telephone lines, the purchase of tools and other equip-
ment for fire fighting, the traveling expenses incurred by mem-
bers of the field force and the bills submitted for expenses in-
curred in connection with the actual fighting of fires.

As mentioned before in these pages, the entire expense of
fighting fire, including the salaries and expenses of the fire patrol
force, mountain observation stations, and railroad inspectors, is
paid by the State. The total expense incurred in connection with
the hiring of temporary labor to fight fires is paid in the first in-
stance by the State, but in November of each year, bills for one-
half of this expense are sent to the towns in which the fires occur.

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION slyal

Fire Districts AND District Forest RANGERS

The Fire Towns are divided into five districts, four in the
Adirondack region and one in the Catskill region, as follows:

District 1. Clinton, Franklin and the northern half of Essex
counties.

District 2. Southern Essex, Warren, Washington and north-
western Hamilton counties.

District 3. St. Lawrence, Oneida, Lewis, northern Herkimer
and northwestern Hamilton counties.

District 4. Fulton, Saratoga, southern Herkimer and southern
Hamilton counties.

District 5. Delaware, Greene, Sullivan and Ulster counties.

An officer designated as district forest ranger is appointed for
each district and has his headquarters at a suitable point within
the district. He is paid a salary of $1,500 a year, and is allowed
his necessary traveling expenses. The district ranger is charged
with the duty of protecting the forests within his district from
fire. A force of forest rangers is appointed for each district and
the district ranger is in charge of those men. All fire bills must
be approved by him before they can be audited for payment. He
directs the work of the ranger force in the field and advises the
commission as to the division of his territory into patrol districts.
All ranger reports are forwarded to the district ranger, and must
pass through his hands before they are sent in to the Albany office.

Forest RANGERS

The actual fire fighting force is made up of a number of men
known as forest rangers, who are appointed by the commission
and are paid at the rate of $60 per month. These men devote their
entire time to the work of the department. During the fire season,
that is, from May to November, between 65 and 70 forest rangers
are employed, about fifteen for each Adirondack district, and ten
for the Catskill district.

All the rangers are stationed where they can be readily reached
by telephone. When a ranger is notified of a fire, he goes to it at
once, or as soon as he can gather together a crew of fire ighters.

172 Tuirp ANNUAL REpoRT OF THE

He is given authority by law to summon any able-bodied man to
help fight fire and any person who refuses to respond to such sum-
mons is liable to a fine of $20. Each ranger has a quantity of
tools, such as shovels, rakes, hoes, mattocks, pails, etc., at his head-
quarters, and tools are also stored at convenient places in different
parts of each patrol district so as to be readily available in case of
fire. Tents and camp outfits are also provided when it is neces-
sary to board men in the woods, as in the case of a large fire at a
long distance from any settlement.

Frre WarpDENS

Fire wardens are appointed to supplement the force of regular
men. ‘hey are, however, paid only for the time they actually
spend in fighting fires. When a ranger has more than one fire in
his district at a time, he appoints a foreman to take charge of each
fire, while he himself moves from one fire to another, to see-that
the work is going on properly. The purpose of the force of fire
wardens is to secure a large number of men whose interests are in
the forest, and who are willing to take charge of any fires which
may spring up in their immediate vicinity. These men are
directly responsible to the regular rangers in whose district they
are located. There are at present about 200 fire wardens
employed by the department.

OBSERVERS

The efficiency of the patrol force is greatly increased by the
operation of mountain observation stations. There are at present
43 of these stations in the Adirondacks and 7 in the Catskills,
making a total of 50. Each station has an observer assigned to it.
Most of the stations are so far from settlements that the observer
is obliged to live on the mountain. In fact, the best service is
usually secured when the observer lives on the summit of the
mountain, in the immediate vicinity of his station. In such cases
camps have been provided. These camps may be tents, board
shacks or log cabins. Every mountain station has a telephone
instrument in the shelter on the summit, and where the observer’s
camp is at a considerable distance from the station, a second
instrument is placed at the camp. The mountain observers are

CONSERVATION CoMMISSION 173

paid a salary of $50 or $60 per month, plus $12 a month where
they live on their mountains. They are employed during the
whole of the fire season, namely, from May to November.

PLANTATION WATCHMEN

Nearly 4,000 acres of land in different parts of the Adirondack
Forest Preserve have been reforested by the State within the past
decade. On account of the great value of these forest plantations,
it has been considered advisable to appoint watchmen to protect
them from fire during the dangerous season. ‘Three of these
watchmen have been employed during the past year, with the
result that hardly an acre of reforested land has been damaged by
fire.

RartRoap Fire INSPECTORS

The Conservation Law provides for the appointment of two
chief railroad inspectors and four railroad inspectors. The chief
inspectors receive a salary of $1,200 a year, the other inspectors
$900.

Lhe State is divided into two districts, one including the main
line of the New York Central R. R. from Albany west, and all
territory north of that line, and the other district including the
southern portion of the State. A chief inspector and two inspec-
tors are assigned to each district. The work of enforcing the laws
relating to railroads is assigned to these men under the direction
of the Commission. The chiefs hold conferences with representa-
times of the railroad in order that there may be no misunderstand-
ing as to the requirements of the law as regards the clearing of
rights of way and the proper equipment of locomotives with fire
protective devices. Frequent inspections are made, both of rights
of way and of locomotives, and reports of these inspections are
submitted to the Albany office. Copies of the requirements
issued by the Public Service Commission at the request of the
Conservation Commission are given to all inspectors and they are
expected to see that these requirements are complied with.

EFFICIENCY OF THE PRESENT SYSTEM

“Since the inauguration of the present fire protective system
there has been ample opportunity to test its value. The summer

174 Tuirp Annuat Report oF THE

of 1911 was a dangerous fire season, and the conditions which
prevailed throughout the season of 1913 were those of unusual
drought with an attendant fire danger equaled only, within
recent years, by the seasons of 1903 and 1908.

The value of the observation stations as aids to the fire patrol
force has been demonstrated beyond a doubt. During the year
1912, an average fire year, with a territory assigned to each
ranger of approximately 100,000 acres, the entire cost of fire
protection was about nine tenths of a cent, per acre, and less
than one-tenth of one percent of the area under protection was
burned over.

If we compare the three years of great drought, namely, 1903,
1908, and 1913, the efficiency of the present system is immedi-
ately seen. The damage caused by the fires of 1903 was $864,-
082; during 1908, $802,135, while in 1913, under similar condi-
tions, it was but $51,445. The area burned in 1903 was 464,189
acres; in 1908, 368,072; and in 1913, 54,796 acres. The change
in organization effected in 1909 has not only resulted in reducing
the acreage burned by 85 per cent. and the damage by 94 per
cent., but also has reduced the cost of extinguishing fires from
$189,660 in 1908 to $96,122 in 1913. The figure for the latter
year includes the entire cost of the ranger force and the expenses
for extra help hired to fight fires.

Bearing in mind that the years 1908 and 1913 are comparable
as regards fire danger, the following tabulation of the forest fires
of the last six years is a fair test of the usefulness of the present

system.
Number Total State Total ee Average Faeroe]
YEAR of fires acreage land Anant ea aes damage watiest
; reported burned burned : nee fire per fire mc pees
TOOS ee eter 605 368,072 54,912 | $802,135 6C8 $1,326 0
OOS sneha 307 11,759 198 23,126 38 75 15
1910 See 277 12,680 1,570 17,803 46 64 20
TUS GRE Ree 506 37,909 6,794 43,664 re 86 36
LOPE Sr ae 383 6,990 629 11,340 18 30 49
ODS: Aeoversene 688 54,796 11,437 51,455 79 75 50

The ranger force has rendered efficient service in the enforce-
ment of the fire laws. They have cautioned persons going into the

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 175

woods concerning the danger of forest fires; they have posted fire
notices, giving the provisions of the law, and they have looked
after the enforcement of that section of the law which provides
for the restriction of the setting of fires to clear land or burn

brush.

COOPERATION

‘One phase of protecting forests from fire which looms large in
any consideration of the question is the necessity for cooperation
by the different interests concerned with such protection. In
order to be economical and efficient, a protective system should
apply over a larger area than is usually controlled by one interest.
Besides this, the peculiar nature of forest fires requires coordina-
tion of effort by all persons interested. ‘To avoid dangerous con-
sequences, a forest fire should be attacked when it first springs up.
If a man sees a fire start on his neighbor’s land and waits until it
reaches his own property before fighting it, he may find that it
has gotten beyond control by that time.

Proper appreciation of the value of cooperation is the cause of
the rapid and successful development of the various forest fire
protective associations which have been formed in the United
States within recent years. This movement has attracted many
lumbermen and timberland owners in the West, and it is only a
question of a few years before it will advance to this State. Even
now, we have a certain degree of cooperation. The States cooper-
ates with the towns; the lumbermen of the forest regions cooperate
with the State by granting free sites for observation stations and
timber with which to build cabins and towers, by allowing free
use of telephone lines, by furnishing crews of woodsmen to aid
in fighting fires, ete.

Cooperation UnpER THE WEEKS Law
Under the provisions of the Weeks Law, which was passed by
Congress in 1911, a certain sum of money was appropriated for
the use of the United States Forest Service in buying up lands
to establish National Forests on the headwaters of navigable
streams in the eastern part of the country and in cooperating with
the forestry departments of the states in establishing protection

176 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

from forest fires. In 1911, New York secured $2,000 for fire
protective work, provided an equal amount was spent within the
same area by the State. The restrictions of the law confined the
use of the money to such parts of the watersheds of the Hudson
and Delaware rivers as lay within the Forest Preserve.

In 1912, under a similar agreement, $4,000 was secured from
the Federal Forest Service, and in 1913 the allotment was
increased to $5,000. The aid thus given has made possible the
establishment and operation of more observation stations than
would have been possible with the amount appropriated by the
State alone.

CONCLUSION

In concluding, it is important to consider the lines along which
future development of our system of fire protection must take
place. We believe that the system itself is effective, economical,
and thoroughly practicable. Protection from forest fires is being
afforded to property worth many millions of dollars, and at an
annual cost which probably does not exceed one-tenth of one per
cent. of the total value of that property.

There are, however, a number of the details of our system
which must be improved before we can secure the maximum efh-
ciency. More mountain stations should be established. In some
places there are wide gaps in the system of observation stations.
In clear weather the stations now in operation cover the territory
fairly well; but during the hazy and smoky conditions, which
invariably accompany a bad fire season, the views from these
mountains are restricted. The remedy for this condition lies in
the establishment of a series of secondary mountain stations,
which should be equipped with telephones at the beginning of the
fire season, but which need not have observers assigned to them
unless the fire hazard becomes great.

Many miles of telephone will need to be constructed before
satisfactory communication can be secured throughout all parts of
the Forest Preserve. In planning these lines, it is important to
look ahead into the future, in order that each section of line which
is built may form a link in a carefully planned telephone system
— useful for purposes of administering the forests and protecting
them from fire.

~~

et eS ey ee, ee ee

a = ee

ee

CONSERVATION COMMISSION AUT

Where there are large unbroken blocks of forest land, roads and
trails should be constructed wherever possible, to make these tracts
accessible to fire fighters. The restrictions imposed by the State
Constitution upon the State land, whereby no trees may be cut for
any purpose, may impede the progress of this work. However,
we hope that eventually the people of the State will see the value
of allowing the practice of forestry in the forests belonging to the
State, both as a means of reducing the fire danger, and as a proper
and legitimate source of revenue, and that they will vote to change
that iron clad amendment to the Constitution, so as to permit the
legitimate use of the forest wealth of the State.

Cocperation between lumbermen and owners of timberland has
not been sufficiently developed. A fair degree of fire protection
has been given by the State to privately owned tracts of timber-
land, within the Forest Preserve, but it is time now for the owners
of those tracts to do something for themselves. Jn the Adirondack
region, especially, excellent opportunities are presented for the
successful organization of forest fire protective associations.
Large contiguous areas of forest land, under the ownership of
only a few persons, make this proposition thoroughly practical
and workable. Furthermore, such organizations would greatly
aid, without interfering or contlicting with, the system of protec-
tion managed by the State.

Although the town law gives the supervisor the same authority
in his town as the Conservation Commission has in the “fire
towns,”’ it is time for New York to consider the question of estab-
lishing a system of protection which shall be statewide in its ap-
pleation. Peculiar conditions which have existed in New York
State, owing to the establishment of the Forest Preserve many
years ago, have led thus far to the restriction of State fire pro-
tection to certain designated regions, which comprise only about
one-fourth of the total area of the State. It is right and proper
that the State should devote a large part of its attention to fire
protection in the localities where its own forest lands are situated ;
but this is no reason why the rest of the State should receive no
State aid in this important work. There are many large tracts
of forest land which are not included in the fire towns, be
sides vast areas containing valuable woodlots interspersed amongst

178 Awnnuat REpPoRT OF THE CONSERVATION ComMMISSION

agricultural lands. ‘The woodlands outside the fire towns need
and deserve fire protection as much as do those inside the
preserve. Other States east, south and west of New York, have
established forest fire protective systems which are statewide, and
which cover regions where the fire hazard is certainly no greater
than it is in the woodlands of New York outside of the fire towns.

What is needed is the enactment of wise legislation which will
enable the Conservation Commission to establish and control a
system of fire protection throughout the State. The project is
entirely feasible and may be conducted at a nominal cost to the

State.
Respectfully submitted,

WILLIAM G. HOWARD,

Assistant Superintendent State Forests.
December 1, 1913.

ANNUAL REPORT

OF

DIVISION OF FISH AND GAME

[179]

S NRnes
Non

i ,
it 1 4 a

| wn : wes ae :
% | nd Ng rh BRS

CONSERVATION COMMISSION

DIVISION OF FISH AND GAME

To the Conservation Commission:

I herewith transmit to you, pursuant to law, the annual reports
of the Chief Game Protector, State Fish Culturist and the Super-
visor of Marine Fisheries.

Respectfully yours,
THOMAS. A. Gy.

Deputy Commissioner.
Decmber 31, 1913.

[181]

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hi ieith eg ed

Vd eS et ea case:
| Ra ia ae

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

CHIEF GAME PROTECTOR

Hon. Tuomas H. Guy, Deputy Commissioner, Division of Fish
and Game:

Sir.— I respectfully submit herewith my report on the enforce-
ment of the Conservation Law relating to fish and game of the
State of New York, for the year ending September 30, 1913;
covering the work of the protectors in the bringing of actions,
together with the amount of recoveries of fines and penalties,
and prison sentences, for violations of the Conservation Law.
It is very gratifying that the statistical table which follows again
shows a very substantial increase in the number of cases success-
fully prosecuted. The regular protective force prosecuted this
last fiseal year a larger number of cases than during the preced-
ing year, there being a gain of 927 cases. ‘The increase over
the last fiscal year demonstrates the strict attention that the
regular protectors have given to their duties of enforcing the
Conservation Law relating to fish and game, and as a whole
their work is satisfactory, except in a very few instances, taking
into consideration that the department has 125 men under regu-
lar pay. .

The work of the special protectors is not at all satisfactory.
A large majority of the specials do not make their monthly
reports as required, or keep in touch with the division chief at
all. But as the law now requires an applicant for the position
of special protector to take a non-competitive examination, I am
encouraged to believe that this will be the means of increasing
the efficiency of the special protectors.

During the last fiseal year, as in the past, the amount of the
costs in connection with recoveries for misdemeanors of the Con-
servation Law prosecuted by special protectors, shows their in-

[183]

184 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

ability to handle their cases without the assistance of attorneys
and constables. Statistics bear me out in this statement. In a
great many cases prosecuted by special protectors where there
is no court procedure, simply a confession of judgment before a
justice, an attorney has been retained by the special protector,
the charge for which has resulted in reducing the sum total re-
mitted to this Commission. Therefore I have recommended that
the Commission dispense with the services of a large number
of the specials, so that better-informed men can be appointed
under the new provisions requiring an examination. The exam-
ination consists of questions pertaining to the Conservation Law
eiving protection to fish and game in the State, court procedure,
etc.

In ‘regard to the work of the regular protectors, the average
gross recovery per case is very commendable, taking into con-
sideration the fact that all persons prosecuted are not fined, as
there are many suspended sentences and John Doe proceedings.

I am thoroughly convinced that the law giving protection to
birds and quadrupeds in the State of New York is in better
shape than ever before, with a very few exceptions. In the past
it has been the disposition of the Legislature to enact many
amendments, with a tendency to special laws. At the present
time the law is practically uniform, with the exception of certain
wise provisions giving additional protection to certain species of
fish and game enacted under Section 152 of the Conservation Law.

Non-Satze or Native Game

I cannot too strongly recommend the continuance of the law
which prohibits the sale of native game. This in my opinion
is the best measure for the protection of the game of the State
of New York that was ever enacted, closing, as it does, the
markets of the State to the so-called market hunter, and thereby
taking away the incentive to slaughter the game for a money
consideration. I believe that the law recommends itself to a
majority of the sportsmen, as they are beginning to realize the
fact that the game is a valuable asset to the people. Of course there
are always a few who will object to any law that curtails their
selfish interests.

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 185

Tagaing oF Trout

The tagging of trout has worked along the same lines as the
law which prohibits the sale of native game, as it protects the
native wild trout, but allows the sale of trout raised in private
hatcheries, thereby giving to the people of the State the oppor-
tunity to have trout for their table at any time during the year,
while at the same time closing the market to the unscrupulous
fisherman. ‘The system adopted by the Commission which pro-
vides that all trout raised in private hatcheries for sale must be
tagged, is giving general satisfaction to the large hotels and
restaurant keepers who deal in this commodity, as they feel
perfectly safe in the handling and sale of the trout at any time,
since the tag assures them of its legality. The tagging is also
providing a revenue for the State, as a charge is made of three
cents per tag, the tags being furnished by the Department to the
hatchery. The hatchery must be operated under a license issued
by the Conservation Commission. During the past fiscal year
$8,638 has been received for tags which have been placed on
hatchery raised trout. A great many of these trout come from
private hatcheries without the State, and this system will be the
means of promoting the business of raising trout in private hatch-
eries for sale within this State.

ADDITIONAL PROTECTORS

In the past large numbers of persons have been apprehended
for misdemeanors of the Conservation Law in relation to fish
and game, because of the fact that they were not familiar with
its provisions, and therefore violated the law unintentionally.
Jt was then an easy matter to get evidence of a misdemeanor
being committed. At the present time it is entirely different.
There are practically no violations committed because of un-
familiarity with the law. Therefore it is a difficult matter to
readily apprehend the violators, and it naturally takes more time
and ability on the part of the protectors to detect these crimes.
The statistics of the department show that there has been a large
increase in the number of cases prosecuted.

186 Tuirrp AnNuAL Report oF THE

I am firmly of the opinion that we are able to detect with our
present force but a small percentage of the actual violations occur-
ring, and I would respectfully recommend that the force should
be increased to at least two hundred men.

GamME INCREASING

From various sources of information, particularly through the
protective force, the game conditions in most parts of the state
show very encouraging improvements. Grouse shooting in many
sections is much more satisfactory than it has been for years, in
fact, since the epidemic struck the grouse and practically wiped
them out several years ago. The birds had a good nesting sea-
son generally, and the strict enforcement of the law, the close
season and the bag limit are beginning to have their effects in
the general increase of the hunter’s favorite game bird. The in-
crease holds good, except perhaps in the Adirondack region, where
the partridge is not making the gains he should. This fact is at-
tributed largely to the abundance of the foxes in that section, and
as the taking of foxes by hounding is not permitted, because of the
forests being thickly inhabited by deer, the foxes are undoubtedly
making heavy inroads on the grouse in that part of the State.

Woodcock

Woodcock are reported as being more plentiful almost every-
where, especially in the northern part of the State. This applies
both to the migratory and the native woodcock.

Pheasants

Wherever covers have been stocked with pheasants, they are
increasing rapidly, notwithstanding the popularity of pheasant
shooting, in sections which have not enjoyed bird hunting to any
extent for a generation. This is particularly true in the counties
of Ontario, Wayne, Monroe, Orleans, Niagara, Genesee and Livy-
ingston. The pheasants introduced have multiplied very rapidly,
and they are well adapted to the agricultural sections, getting along
with comparatively little cover. Good reports on pheasant shoot-
ing also come from Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties. The

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 187

sportsmen are highly pleased with the successful experiment in
introducing these splendid game birds, and the farmers also seem
to be generally well satisfied, because, in addition to furnishing
them with a good day’s hunting, the pheasant is a great destroyer
of insect pests.
Deer

Reports which cannot be disputed show that there are more deer
in the State of New York at the present time than at any time
during the past twenty-five years. Every hunter who goes into
the woods reports seeing a large number of deer throughout the
Adirondack forests. There are also reports of numerous deer in
the Catskills, and even in the southern tier of counties. In Rens-
selaer county, in woods which command a view of the capitol at
Albany, a party of grouse hunters a short time ago saw five deer
together in a buckwheat field. This speaks well for the rigid pro-
tection given the deer by the protective force, and the policy of
cutting marsh hay and stacking it for feeding the deer during the
more severe weather; also these good effects are due to the opera-
tions of the buck law, which had the indorsement of the sportsmen
of the State and the backing of this Commission.

Ducks

Since the law was enacted which prohibits spring shooting, the
number of ducks has largely increased. ‘This is partly owing to
the fact that in covers suitable to the duck, there have been large
broods raised. In the past where spring shooting was allowed, the
ducks in their migration never stopped and raised their young in
the State of New York, but migrated as far north as the Hudson
Bay country to hatch their broods. In several instances during
the past winter, wild ducks have lingered in our open waters, par-
ticularly Seneca, Cayuga and Keuka Lakes, and Sodus bay, so
that it was found necessary to feed them to keep them from starv-
ing. This has reference particularly to the more severe part of
the winter, when their feeding grounds became covered with ice.

Qual
Quail are also becoming somewhat plentiful throughout the
State. There is no doubt that as a result of the five years’ close

188 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

season which has been placed upon quail (with the exception of
Long Island), these birds will again become more abundant
throughout the State. There is no reason why there should not be
quail in the State of New York, particularly in the southern part,
where the winters are milder.

Beaver

Beaver continue to increase in the Adirondack region, and it has
been found necessary to remove some beaver from the vicinity of
the Fulton Chain of lakes, owing to the damage which they were
doing to private property. I think that in a few years there can
be a short open season placed on beaver.

ANNUAL MEETING

The annual meeting of the State game protective force was held
in the Assembly Chamber on June 11th and 12th, and was a
marked success from the standpoint of instruction to the pro-
tectors.

A paper was read by Division Chief Charles E. Lee, on the
Merit System for Protectors; by Mr. M. C. Worts, Superintendent
of Inland Fisheries, on Rules and Regulations Governing Net
Licenses; by Mr. J. V. Sauter, Deputy Chief Game Protector, on
the Permissive and Prohibitive Plan of the Conservation Law;
by Division Chiefs, J. EK. Leavitt, on Protectors’ Reports to the De-
partment, Robert M. Nichols, on Deer and Their Habits; B. A.
Cameron, on Court Procedure as Applied to the Enforcement of the
Conservation Law in Civil Actions; J. A. Colloton, on Definitions
of the Conservation Law; C. A. Johnston, on the Economie Value
of the Song Birds to the Farmer and the Agricultural Interests;
W. C. Farley, on Court Procedure, as Applied to the enforcement
of the Conservation Law in Criminal Actions; John T. McCor-
mick, on Powers of Game Protectors; Charles R. Stapley, on the
Importance of Game Clubs in Connection with Game Protection ;
W. H. Weston, on the Duties of a Game Protector; F. W. Hamil-
ton, on Special Game Protectors, and F. C. Mullin, on Nets and
Netting. Also we had the pleasure of listening to an address by
the Hon. George W. Field, Chairman of the Commissioners on
Fisheries and Game of the State of Massachusetts.

af

P
if
:
J

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 189

Huntine LIicENSsES

The statistics found in connection with this report as to hunt-
ing licenses show a decided increase in the number issued, owing,
I think, particularly to the fact that the game protectors have re-
ceived instructions to look over every hunter found in the field,
demanding to see the hunting license and taking the name and
number thereof; which educates the sportsmen of the State up to
the fact that it is unsafe to take the chances of going afield without
procuring a hunting license.

The valid reason for the law protecting the wild game of any
State is found in its value to the whole people thereof. This point
is extremely well defined in the decision of the United States Su-
preme Court, reading as follows:

“The game of a state, meaning fish, flesh and fowl, belongs to
the whole people of that state, and not to the reckless and blood-
thirsty individual who may happen to slay it. In its abundance
it is a valuable asset to the whole people. The great value of the
game of a district is not found in its meat pounds lying upon the
table, but rather in the inducement it annually puts before the
millions of field weary farmers and desk weary clerks and mer-
chants to get into their old clothes and out into God’s air and
sunshine.”

Other strong points favorable to the protection of game are as
follows: To protect agriculturists from enormous losses oc-
casioned by vermin, which our insect and rodent eating birds
destroy; to assist in saving forests by protecting the birds that
keep down those insects which are destructive to trees and shrubs;
to save valuable species from extermination, thus preserving a
satisfactory representation of our once rich fauna for posterity;
to preserve for posterity sufficient of game and fish so that they
may have their chance to get out into God’s air and sunshine so
aptly described in the decision of the Supreme Court of this
country above quoted. It is an easy matter for a few selfish,
mercenary or merely reckless pot hunters to destroy the game of
a State, and in such destruction to perpetrate a wanton robbery
of all of that great portion of the public not included in their own
ranks. Then, we may take it that the purpose of the law is to

190 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

protect and perpetuate the wild game indigenous to the country,
not for the sake of the game itself, but for the sake of the whole
people, and for its value to the whole people.

Tuer Merrit System

The past year is the first in which the merit system has been
applied to the protective force of the State, and there is every indi-
cation that it is a wise provision, as it stimulates the whole force so
to perform the duties for which they have been appointed, that
they may be placed in the first grade, which entitles all those at-
taining to that rank to an additional salary at the rate of $50 per
annum, up to $1,300. One of the provisions which was applied to a
protector who wished to attain the first grade, was that he must not
have a private business which would take his attention and time
from his game protective work. I believe that no protector who
has a private business or profession of his own should continue
with the Conservation Commission, unless he immediately severs
all other business ties. ‘The underlying reason for this fact is
found in the old saying that no man can serve two masters. In
the past there have been men in the service who made claim that
their position and their business did not conflict. This might
have been true, but there assuredly comes a time when one or the
other business exacts close attention at the expense of the other.
In such a case the protection of game is apt to be neglected, for
the reason that the State is a good old tolerant mother, and the
salary comes along once a month anyway, while the private busi-
ness pays an income only in proportion as the man who owns it
stays on the job.

Therefore the Department was only able to place in the first
grade 17 men out of the 125 employed. In placing these seventeen
men in the first grade, it was necessary to take into consideration
the physical condition of each protector, and his absolute belief
in the justice of the conservation of our natural resources and the
preservation of our wild life; he must have unflinching courage;
he must be something of an educator, and must be well acquainted
with his own territory, for it is necessary that he be on the spot
sooner and stay on the spot longer than the violators; in fact, he
must beat the poacher at his own game if he is going to success-

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 191

fully apprehend violators of the law. He must be a man who
understands what constitutes evidence, and what is its value in
relation to the law under which he is operating. Due weight was
given to the number of days on which he successfully performed
services for the State as a protector; the number of cases which
he successfully prosecuted during the fiscal year; the costs of
recovery in each case, also the performance of his duties in serving
warrants, subpoenas, etc., defined under the “ powers of game
protectors,”’ as provided in section 169.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Among the more important recommendations that I wish to
submit, is, as I have stated before, an increase in the protective
force to at least 200 men.

Guides’ License

A guides’ license similar to the Maine guides’ license is recom-
mended, as I believe this would effectually stop some of the illegal
killing of deer in the Adirondack mountains, particularly if there
was a penalty attached providing that a licensed guide who vio-
lated or countenanced a violation of our Conservation Law relat-
ing to fish and game, would be disqualified as a guide for a period
of at least one year. This should be controlled by the Commission.
The law should provide that all persons who wish to guide should
make an application to this Department, and in said application
should give the name, the home address, age, where the applicant
was born, length of time he has resided in the State, if a resident
of the State, length of time he has guided, occupation, whether
he wishes to guide for inland fishing, or whether he wishes to
guide for forest hunting, whether he is competent to handle a boat
or canoe, pilot parties through an unblazed forest, care of camp
fires, extinguishing of the same, whether he is a naturalized citi-
zen, and whether a taxpayer in the State.

Fishways and Dams
It is a well established fact that certain species of game fish
found in the waters of the State seek the deeper waters during
the winter months, and therein hibernate; and in almost every

192 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

instance such waters are found in the near proximity of dams
and fishways on dams. It has been the custom of the fishermen
to fish and take large numbers of our game fish during the early
fall when the fish seek the deeper waters at the foot of the dam,
Therefore I would respectfully recommend that a provision of
law should be enacted forbidding fishing within fifty rods of any
dam in the State. This law now applies to dams which have
fishways. It should also apply to the dams which have no fishway.

Expenses of Protectors

The law provides at the present time that a State game pro-
tector is entitled to the sum of $600 per annum for his necessary
expenses while in the performance of his duty in protecting the
wild life of the State. This has been found insufficient, and in
a great many instances protectors have been unable to work a full
month on the $50 allowed by law. ‘Therefore, I feel that in
recommending an increase of the expense account for protectors
from $600 to $900 a year, this would be the means of increasing
the efficiency of the protective force. J also recommend increas-
ing the expense account of the division chief protectors from $750
a year to $1,000 a year.

Deer

As stated before, owing to the efficient protection given to the
deer, and the so-called buck law, the deer have rapidly increased
throughout the whole State. The Department has had many
claims for damages done by deer in counties in which there is no
open season. I, therefore, believe and recommend that there
should be an open season for deer throughout the whole State,
from October 1st to November 15th.

Incense for Fur-Bearing Animals

There have been numerous requests to the Department for a
license to possess for propagation and fur farming different species
of our fur-bearing animals. As the law stands at the present time,
the only fur-bearing animal for which the Commission grants a
license to possess during all periods of the year, is the skunk. I
would respectfully recommend that a law be enacted along similar
lines allowing the possession of marten, mink, muskrat, raccoon
and sable.

CONSERVATION COMMISSION 193

Lake Trout

At the present time the season when lake trout can be taken is
from April 1st to December 31st. This season is a mistake, and
should be amended so as to provide an open season on lake trout
from April ist to September 30th, except in Lakes Erie and
Ontario, where the season as provided at the present time is
proper, being from December 31st to October 31st, and except in
Lake George, where the season should remain as it is at the present
time.

Combination Hunting, Fishing and Trapping Incense

During the time that the law was undergoing codification, it
was the sentiment of some of the codifiers that there should be a
combination hunting, fishing and trapping license. I think that the
sentiment for such a license is growing throughout the State.
The argument is put forth that the hunters of the State are paying
into the State treasury over $200,000 a year for hunting licenses,
which goes to support the hatcheries and the game farms; but the
hook and line fishermen of the State do not contribute one cent.
This seems to be unjust, and I would therefore submit for your
consideration the advisability of a law which would provide for
a combination hunting, fishing and trapping license, at the same
price as now charged for the combination hunting and trapping
license, exempting women and minors under the age of sixteen.
This would provide a revenue which could be used in stocking the
streams with fish and the covers of our State with game birds.

Spearing and Setlines

The Department has had a great many requests for a license to
spear, also a license to use a setline. I am of the opinion that a
law should be enacted providing for both such licenses. The
spearing license should provide for the taking of certain deleterious
fish. A tag could be issued with the license, corresponding with
the tag which is issued by this Commission with our netting
licenses. Said tag should be placed on the handle of the spear,
so that it would be very easy for a protector to know, when a
party was found spearing, if he was in possession of the neces-
sary license. I am assured by the fish culturist that the taking

_
(

194 Tuirp AnnuaL Report OF THE

of the deleterious fish would work to the benefit of our more valu-
able game fish, and would meet a popular demand.

A similar license could be granted allowing a person to use a
setline, and providing for a tag to be attached to the line. This
would not only provide a revenue for the State, but what is more
important, control the method of taking fish which is now pro-
hibited, and which there is a demand for.

Game Farms

The popularity of the pheasant is increasing at the present time.
Only the male bird can be taken during Thursdays in October.
In justice to the sportsmen of the State, who contribute largely
to the support of this Commission, through payment for hunting
licenses, I believe that there should be additional game farms,
and I respectfully submit this recommendation for the Commis-
sion’s consideration.

Taxidermists’ License

It seems to be the consensus of opinion of the sportsmen of the
State that there should be a taxidermists’ license, under the super-
vision and control of the Conservation Commission. Experience
has shown that there are some taxidermists who make it a practice
to accept birds for mounting for which there is no open season pro-
vided, also to accept game birds which have been killed illegally
during the close season. If this was controlled by a license issued
by the Conservation Commission, it would tend to put a stop to
such illegal practices, providing there was a penalty, and also a
provision of law that the Commission could use its discretion in
cancelling a taxidermist’s license if the possessor had been guilty
of a violation of the Conservation Law. I would respectfully
recommend that the Commission use its best endeavors to pass a
law providing for the licensing of taxidermists.

The Federal Migratory Burd Law
Whereas the Department of Agriculture has duly prepared
suitable regulations to give effect to the provisions of the Federal
Migratory Bird Law, and after the preparation of the said regula-
tions has caused the same to be made public and has allowed a
period of three months in which said regulations might be exam-

CeNSERVATION COMMISSION 195

ined and considered before final adoption and has permitted pub-
lie hearings thereon, and whereas the Department of Agriculture
has adopted the regulations and caused the same to be engrossed
and submitted to the President of the United States for approval,
and the same were proclaimed and signed by Woodrow Wilson,
President of the United States, the Ist day of October, 1913, and
as said rules and regulations conflict with the Conservation Law
in relation to the fish and game of the State of New York, I would,
therefore, respectfully recommend that the laws of New York
State be amended to conform with the Federal statute giving pro-

tection to migratory birds.

Game Sanctuartes or Refuges

I am informed by the Superintendent of Forests that there is
within this State a number of tracts of land under the control of
the Land Board, consisting of abandoned farms. Such lands
could be readily used for game and bird refuges or sanctuaries.
This work has been taken up by other States with good results,
as 1t provides a refuge in which birds and quadrupeds which are
protected by law can breed without being molested. The law
should be so drafted that it will set aside lands owned by the
State in charge of the Land Board, forbidding all hunting or
trapping thereon at any period of the year, and should provide
also for rules and regulations for properly posting said sanctuaries
along the boundaries, so as to give due notice to all persons who
are not familiar with the fact that the land has been set aside for
game protection, and that hunting or trapping thereon at any
period of the year was forbidden. This would meet a long-felt
want, and would be the means of protecting our game during the
breeding season. The game would naturally overflow from the
sanctuaries, stocking the surrounding territory. It would also
meet the recommendations of the State League, who recently
passed a resolution asking that $10,000 be set aside each year for
the purchase of land for game and bird refuges, and that the lands
which are abandoned farms and now under the control of the
Land Board be placed under the control of the Conservation Com-
mission. The idea of sanctuaries could be worked out without any
large cost to the State.

196 Tuirp ANNUAL REPoRT OF THE

Feeding of Wild Game

In addition to cutting and stacking hay in the beaver meadows
for the feeding of deer during the more severe winter period,
the Commission fed a large number of wild ducks in different
parts of the State, particularly, in the vicinity of Sodus bay. I
believe I could not convey in a more intelligent manner the
splendid work this Commission is doing than to quote the follow-
ing letter from one of our State game protectors who was in-
structed to take charge of the feeding:

“A number of pictures of ducks wintering in this vicinity have
been taken. People in these parts never saw such a sight in years.
I really believe the department by feeding the birds have saved
thousands of ducks up to this time. I have found fourteen dead
ducks, including one canvas-back, two redheads and eleven blue-
bills. I never saw ducks so poor in all my life as they were.
There is one hole out in the bay which I have to walk to which is
inhabited by from 600 to 700 wild ducks. At first they were
wild when I attempted to approach them, but they have become
accustomed to me and know me as a friend, because I bring them
much needed food. Now they follow the pails which they see me
carrying all around the hole and swim after me wherever I go
and wait for me to put out the food for them. In this particular
place the water is quite deep, and I at first made them dive for it.
But I thought I would try placing the grain on the edge of the ice
and the plan worked fine. Now I can feed entirely in this way.
After placing the food on the ice you can see now from 300 to 400
ducks out on the ice at one time feeding like flocks of domestic
ducks, and they don’t have to use up their strength trying to get
their food. This flock is composed of canvas-backs, redheads and
blue-bills. I tried feeding cracked corn, but gave it up as wheat
proved more satistactory.”

Tuer FrepreraL Micratrory Brrp Law

Resolutions endorsing the McLean bill for Federal protection
of migratory game and insectivorous birds in the United States
were adopted by the Conservation Commission.

The preamble recites that in order to conserve game this State
spends almost $300,000 annually, twice as much as any other

-

CONSERVATION COMMISSION 197

State in the Union. Two years ago this State took the advanced
step of prohibiting the sale of any game bird or animal. Last
year 200,000 sportsmen took out hunting licenses, and this army
is back of the McLean bill, the resolutions assure Congress.

The New York Commission recognizes the McLean bill as “ an
urgently needed Federal measure for the more effective conserva-
tion of the migratory bird life in the United States.” And,
“appreciating that its enactment would not only improve pro-
tective conditions throughout the country, but would also greatly
simplify the problems of protection in New York State and assist
this Commission in its work of promoting the preservation of
insectivorous birds, and especially of perpetuating the game bird
species which visit this State; therefore, it is the sense of this
Commission that this great conservation measure should be
promptly enacted into law. This Commission further pledges
its support to the plan embodied in the McLean bill for the co-
operation of the several States with the Federal Government for
the more effective protection of bird life.”

Stare Game Farm

The work of propagating pheasants for free distribution is
being carried on successfully at the New York State game farm
at Sherburne.

The State game farm first went into operation four years ago,
and since that time its output each year has been substantially in-
ereased. During the past season of 1913, which has been one of
interest and success, 25,000 eggs were produced and also 5,000
young birds 1,241 applications having been filled for birds and
eges which were sent out for distribution. With the annual
maintenance of $5,000, the farm produced at market value
$30,000 worth of birds and eggs.

Everything at the farm is in first-class condition. We have
greatly increased our number of breeding stock, which are in
perfect health, and we will be in shape to send out a much larger
number of eggs next spring for distribution than ever before. The
distribution of eggs is made from the State game farm during the
months of May, June and July. Such distributions are sent to

198 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

sportsmen and farmers who have made proper application to the
Conservation Commission, at Albany, N. Y., requesting that such
allotments be made to them.

With each allotment of eggs is sent a report to be filled out by
the applicant which is to be returned to the Conservation Com-
mission to ascertain the number of eggs received, the number of
birds hatched, also the number of birds reared to maturity for
liberation; and the average results of the returned reports show
that about 50 per cent. of the birds were reared to maturity, which
is considered excellent.

It is pleasing to see the same applicants coming back each year
for their regular allotment of eggs, which goes to show the mani-
fest interest the farmers and sportsmen have taken in such dis-
tributions; and with their aid and a sufficient number of eggs the
State could be completely populated with pheasants. It is of in-
terest to note the popularity of the distribution of birds and eggs
throughout the State, and the interest that the farmers and sports-
men have taken in the propagation of the same, taking into con-
sideration that during the year of 1912, 4,204 applications were
made to the Conservation Commission for allotments of birds
and eggs.

The birds that are sent out from the farm for distribution are
raised under the most natural conditions, having never been within
a pen or yard of any kind and are practically the same as wild
birds, being allowed to run at large with the mother, a common
barn-yard hen, from the time they are hatched. Most of the young
birds are reared a mile from habitation and with their foster
mothers take the advantage of all the neighbors’ adjoining farms.

When these birds are about half grown, at which time they are
fully able to care for themselves, they are trapped up and sent
out for distribution. The distribution of birds is made from the
farm during the months of July, August and September. Each
allotment of birds is carefully packed and sent out from the farm
to the applicant with full instructions as to their liberation. About
a thousand baskets were shipped from the farm this past season,
and out of this number the reports show that only one bird had
died while in transit.

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION | 199

The Chinese ring-neck pheasants which are being reared at the
State game farm are raised from stock that originally came from
Oregon, where these birds were first introduced over sixty years
ago.

The practicability of stocking the State of New York with
pheasants has been fully demonstrated in many of its sections
and there is today an open season for the shooting of these birds
in forty-one counties. From these same counties where there has
been an open season for several years good authorities state that
the supply of birds has increased and that the notable increase
of the pheasants throughout the State can be attributed to the
results of the supply from the game farm at Sherburne.

The pheasant, therefore, daily assumes a growing importance
as a game bird of the future. It is the most prolific game bird
that we have; it is hardy; it furnishes good sport, and when it is
killed it supplies a good meal for a small family. The cock
birds weighs from three and one-half to four pounds. I believe
more attention should be given in the future to propagating and
distributing pheasants. In no other way can bird shooting in a
large part of New York State be enjoyed.

Nerrinc LicENSEs

The statistical table of the amounts collected for netting licenses
for the fiscal year beginning October 1, 1912, to September 30,
1913, shows a substantial increase over the preceding year. This
was brought about by an enactment of law which provided for the
issuing of licenses for the taking of deleterious fish, under the
direction of a ‘Superintendent of Inland Fisheries.

I believe that the law should be so amended as to allow the tak-
ing of deleterious fish from all the waters of the State, except
those which are inhabited by trout, or where it would work a
direct injury to the hook and line fishing. In the vicinities
where netting has been allowed, all the reports available show
that the public have been greatly in favor of the same, and that
a bountiful supply of fish for table use has been obtained, where
heretofore it was impossible to get a supply of the cheaper food

200 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

fish. Moneys have been put into circulation; employment has
been given, and the Commission should feel pleased with what
it has done relative to satisfying the hook and line fishermen,
and meeting a demand for the working out of a method whereby
certain deleterious fish could be taken. Such fish overrun prac-
tically all the waters of the State, and certainly work to the detri-
ment of our so-called game fishes.

Wherever the Superintendent of Inland Fisheries has been in
doubt relative to the granting of licenses in certain waters, the
State Fish Culturist has been appealed to, and he has been of
great assistance in determining in just what waters 1t was ad-
visable to allow the taking of fish by the method of netting.

In the years past it was held that the carp had no value as a
food fish; but recently there has been a good market for this fish,
and the licensed netters have derived a substantial income from
the sale thereof. It has been reported to the Commission by
fishermen who have taken carp under their netting licenses from
the Hudson river, that they have been able to get eighteen cents
a pound in New York for the carp. Formerly the Hudson river
was swarming with this species of fish, but at the present time they
are not as abundant, owing to the large number which have been
taken. ‘This works to the benefit of the finer grades of fish, and
the method of taking should be extended, as I have stated before,
to all the waters of the State, with the exceptions as herein speci-
fied.

In view of the value of food fish to the public, especially the
coarse fish which should not be held in reservation for the hook
and line fishermen, I will offer the following recommendations :

For a sturgeon line 400 feet and under in length, the fee should
be $1.

For a sturgeon line over 400 feet, up to 800 feet, the fee should
be $2.

For sturgeon line over 800 feet, up to 1,200 feet, the fee should
be $3.

The hooks on a sturgeon line should be two feet apart.

The hooks on a setline should be two feet apart.

CONSERVATION CoMMISSION 201

Licrnsep Ners Usrep anp Freres Paro Octoser 1, 1912, ro Srp-
TEMBER 380, 1913.

Row,
sail
Fyke ; Scap | Gill | Seine | Stake | or Trap
power
| boat
Hudson river, Delaware river, |
Rondout creek........... 371 166 103 Gb ee eee ATLL at, $3,691 78
akeiOntano'., 10.2.0...) A ey ee mR OE foNe aD at eae 2 9 1,150 56
iaicephirie ten eust lee ae at. AUN et hae Shai Ate Ra at | 68 34 2,506 50
@haumiont bay oe. be. 182 | ee ea LU Bear eine oon 154 1,272 30
Otsego and Cayuga lakes.../ ..... .... | 6 ISIN OKA GomraU HOME Lue IAN ells rych 213 62
Nets for taking deleterious | |
FET Oc ab aR SEE GR od 489 SON arse Py vellvce cairn wlio Gemes | 221 5,208 40
MAEMO W AME LTCC seo sOl ee emitter ee epee eee ienee sa ob movie oath a MeV Mere N Sle Me ane 761 66
Soureeon setplinenlieensess S004 522 se oe tee ee Ee PY eee ee adi 312 30
BelweinssandseelapotseilGiy tie oe eet tae atin in Ry tne DE Cn a a ee De i 283 00
Machine traps Niagara river, 7................. FOREVER TRE SIS Me apn aie tee cnt STR ME 140 00
INMATES TUEVCTESCADS RORY mei utes ain cura ae Res san Buen esata aw eae Stee er Uhh et es 5 00
DulEeconse ll Metsispecialea aja ctw ee eel Sy pcre ei een! Mie Os a 60 60
“TROD S oS al BRIS ert GSR oa RPE Settee Ne oan ca a ae i NESE ae AOS en $15,605 12

Respectfully submitted,
LLEWELLYN LEGGE,
Chief Protector.

Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

202

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Tuirp ANNUAL RrportT OF THE

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CONSERVATION CoMMISSION

I ae sae ames S: Gomes (exe nee as | ese silkscreen ethan tarieearhee } Moe I iy I ie erehseaashe RI Oc *URATTING
: .. & alin sites | pee eee od a0 SS Sa eae a es to sine Zz a) shearer ite . Tes | estas acenre om are) I j oe Hoe Ooh Or tics ee eT TOTS

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Tuirp AnnuAL REPORT OF TIE

206

aire eae th ong ete jie eon sa mr vinche ccfop| Soiree 'anat atl ills in ta “0. mill my eke) Prez |mngtiy Rete | ene Primed tee go SBM eset As Res a ae MeO

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pe awl aie foc see aeoy eae) fara te if Sromiae get acter lpma ose tn ae I | Simasanetell ice dai ede eae ce ee EC)
fae Sos toe eo eter el (ire Nace hn OME cats acer Ce eee see poe ec oO) BAVTVIN,

Po Pere Pa sbisos ote aka eral ath ev fin ane mol | tec ol thea lee a ety a onl nth EP w sere tal abs ee See
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CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION

Bitwas\(e. (6! 10 T Bre imite; ie! | cx ie lul’ sl telkell| Te ele) elie: T a. oe eSi8) eit) To: «ii | amie: ace te | tele awa Tere op. Xo.|| |invis) te) 10a! oe > 6s le Se e We ron bce Cn Caecrs) ficme yee int yen '¥) (eve: Yortwits (pte re1./e Ae oie TD “* Ode MA
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Turrp ANNUAL REPORT-OF THE

208

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Cita aie’ & Mp Panee ncghes ciecetet atee des aneeuer cnaeep cr amsnnate NesseN

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make ane #) "oi x) sim: ikroat ebm) (6) es SAU dil Mine ea bp ene ve u0> [TY
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FMC ear ea eke OC LOOT a eo. EMBO
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POAC USD Notte 1A SILC OSE AN RL NI OT ETNIES oa Toe esnAe)
PRE Kweeniitaian caeet cet sivetine ola ei ok snaneseyyeO
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Mceneiit (ete <eripma) is Vere ns) alterna ah eiu uh tr erana kine Aueq ry

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209

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see eee T So ded eo POD CLO DOO OSCR O oe O50 OsaEG “8s BATTING

CoNnSERVATION CowuMtTssio

LL OO ea Of osc eafe ease nfo nee es oe . a . ee ee Dome) |e) cep oe) eis) swhty wre ce lie’ Oth sd . Perry O80 Olas Oo Oo a3 Pecitie) Ch Odio oo OeO Ge. Chace ae Che IG see ee nee “uaqnaya
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210 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

REGULAR PROTECTORS

Num: rotat | Avorgee Average ae
DIVISIONS men in Rance of cases Gross Te EO NS: Total cost
divi- er ol | yer pro- | TeCovery | ery per cost per
sion actions tector hese case
Metropolitan and Long Island
Division, J. McCormick,
s Division Cait ae aes c a . oe 15, 363 24) $6,032 25) $16 62) $620 45) $1 71
outhern Division, W. C. Farley, |
Pig tees Ont: aga ae et 16 325 20| 4,978 02 iby Bil, ShaB) Fe yy
. Lawrence Division, F. C. Mui-
ins Division((Chietee soso cae LS | 205 17! 4,167 01 19 38; 467 90} 2 18
Central New York Division, W. H. |
Weston, Division Chief........ 10| 207 a 4,121 30 19 91) 655 48] 3 16
Allegany Division, C. R. Stapley,
ees 1 reer aD) Mees, pine 26| 2,729 20/ 13 38] 176 75| 87
udson Division, e, Divi- |
SLONI OHH Arts tek tee ert tae 8) 166 21; 3,090 05 TS V60)" -S76nV0}) 2 ae
Ontario Division, J. A. Colloton,
Mivasioni@hiele. sees tee. 9) 165 18) 3,950 55) 23 94) (357 65|| 27
Eastern Adirondack Division, R.
Peep a a Dissaron ae ae a 14} 163 12] 2,864 10) Wg AYA esl} 42)0)) oil ee,
estern Division, F. W. Hamil-
tons Division @hiet ne sce ee 12) ea 13) 3,078 60) 522° 79) 38) OL 2a
Northern Adirondack Division, B.
A. Cameron, Division Chief... . 10 144 14} 1,962 94 13 63! 465 90| 3 23
Southern Adirondack Division, J.
BH. Leavitt, Division Chief..... 7| 125 LS} 22375045) 19 00} 261 20} 2 09
Eastern Division, C. A. Johnston, |
Division C hiet. 2a. eee Ree 6) 91 15; 1,406 20) 15 45) 345 84) 3 80
AV CTAGS TECOVELY. «sheave, 6rece a eek wieeeid Sane eye Oke te ene So ahaha he SO SPST RT Ue cor ee Tae ee $17 74
ASVerare COSTE IPCI CAS ech cise to elo oes pieleus, sa esses eu ERR eee Nr i Ee reas eee 2 03
SPECIAL PROTECTORS
a ‘
Num-| total [Avepge] | Average Ae
DIVISIONS men in| 2U™ | of cases Gross | recov- | Total cost
rey ber of per pro-| Tecovery | ery per cost per
| sion |2¢#0DS) “tector rau case
SE SE OE EG ree ree eee ees Pe A os
Metropolitan and Long Island Di-
vision, 4 ae McCormick, Divi-)
sion TSS Al are ene Chew a 6 13) 2 $172.00) $13) 23) Sie 40S
Southern Division, W. C. Farley, 4 :
DinmisioneG Niet eon sac eee 1] 11 11 120 00 10 91) P22) pale
St. Lawrence Division, F. C. Mul-| | |
Urges ID ratertoyeyl CliviGig mn Gees eerie | 5] 8| 2 228 00 28 50 44.75| 5 59
Central New York Division, W. H. |
Weston, Division Chief........ 11} 83 8} 1,494 20) 1S. 00} 138 25) 1-67
Allegany Die C. R. Stapley,
Division Chietae eee siieies ve 1} ils] 11 183 30) 16 66 ZU LO) Sion
Hudson Division, C. E. Lee, Divi- |
Sion Chieksnioeie anita een ess 2 2 1 42 50) Dile2b 4 50} 2 25
Ontario Division, J. A. Colloton, |
Division Chichen ie 9) 21 2 480 50) 22 80! 48 14) 2 29
Basten Adiontare pen, Rte |
. Nichols, Division Chief... . . 2| 7 4 95 00/ 13 57 8 60] 1 23
Western Division, F. W. Hamil- ‘ | .
fon. Disision Chicks a fare ae 9) 65 1,286 95). 19 03) 189 15) (92°91
Northern Adirondack Division, B. |
A. Cameron, Division Chief.. 1} 30 30 565 15) 18 84 46 95| 1 57
Southern Adirondack Division, a | |
EK. Leavitt, Division Chief..... 4 18 5 259 25) 14 40) 11 50 80
astern Division, C. A. Johnston, | | |
Divasion |(Chiets<....cn sere se ee 8| 28 + 591 25 Pail ig Hor ao 19s
AVETALE TECOVETY She i.) sie Bis ere w Ste teePet Re eietame vote eee nee tenel a Seas ole key cis, Pee EEE ane ae ee $18 41
AVETALE COS’ PEF. CASE sists, i505 ees Meee ete ee a sre ralienor sehen acltoel, olre ve Fae eo aa 2 00

—2$—_ —_1 —_.—_

a ee ee ene ee

4
i
|

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 911
REPORT OF THE CHIEF GAME PROTECTOR
4 Con-

SPECIAL Actions Court Attorneys’ | Other Total
PROTECTORS brought Recovery costs sale ees charges costs
Bert J. Anson: 2.22. = 4. 1 $17 00 2 OOM Mcrerccreun Winer pray seins [un caus eas $2 00
ieee Sibonmieie cee ee D 38 75 By |hi a pista c So OOM aera 8 75
ous BALdO\ 4 eh ss ae 2 31 80 SL Sahl teases cetil | Oalecor eben otera ce lkaten eves ote 1 80
Claude Bentley........ 33 60 00 PAAR) Sh ocular ial lili. ora ae ere nD tag Ae SY 2.79
NohnneDs Black...) .- 1 11 00 TRC UO all i teen, ONS a eats = abn a ang 1 00
WG Blunckes ssh. ee 2 46 50 Bue A ae We nt erecta En Aa 3 70
Brania Bond) ssc.) 028s 10 293 00 Foy NO) Chee Panoorestis toy tl Fae We Oe os RM ERE ag 8 00
George Brier.......... 12 334 95 EE DRDO by le ey ea cot a Ree ee ed a ei 15 35
James Bullard......... V7 194 00 AS OMe pa SOM ete peer art [el ose eee 17 00
W.H. Bundenthal..... 23 494 75 43 45 1 50 LOO ON Teese ee 59 95
Andrew J. Clark:...... 2 61 50 UL Oa Miseeepeae veg | hatcnate nr aacanta lh ieee: 1 50
James Dickinson...... il 101 10 TE ACN gat a Ac st esata Ga ear (Gaon Da 1 10
Frank Esquirrel....... 1 15 00 2 65 PO OG nae ey aby er MNa a, ar 5 60
Edward Everett....... 4 40 00 4 60 (GYi0 U.P seet Revels eee MURS mes ip! 10.75
Bert Everingham...... 14 247 00 25 00 BS STO As RRNA ak eae pm caret = 28 50
fs diesel OED ee) eae aaa 2 125 00 THO beet USN Li Un mR ie ft oe 1 00
Mrnestebishy: .2 2 ssfeis 03 il 26 00 EP SOO Ks peeetre tennis rehearse one 1 00
AVR TR eet Ko) C0 Une 9 78 00 Orc OD eileme gerne erie ponents meet tae wt Ihe cet ean 6 95
Arthur M. Gage....... 3 43 00 Uf COLON Re ae, S| nie ie aa $2 50 10 40
Wis Gauding 5 sn 5 10 | 105 20 Epa lhc eet Naan wey ee 06 5 26
Genie Gallien. yiiied oe ceske as 2 ZOU OOUS aie e ee eal Alan cre eal Naas AR eate NPS ER ARN RUE aos eb
J. D. Goodermote..... 2 30 00 Ase 3 ()iHil ee aeE rey te \itum, Oe same ee mae tage ee 4 30
Nas. Graham. .i...02.- ei MOROO MU sane eae eeu li erences coast co Mee man ILA ani ee
Milbert) Heck oi. o cies 2s 3 aYe) PAD SSE rE eee ot [cee ee OMe Nee a 8 25
John H. Hohman...... 8 172 50 L2G SOHN UOROO MP elecvers. Meets pee ss 22 50
Charles M. Holtz...... 6 35 00 15 00 55 OOM Beta enc olay
He ielVialoney.. sa. 5. a aki 183 30 ils} 59 LEE OWE lvoe eee ea dala eiets cae 21 10
Chas. F. Mandigo..... 1 20 00 A 85 3 00 TOPOOP |e eee 17 85
Philip Manecke....... FAA Wi crate ats bey Ok | |e rahi i aca cl PRE RIOR [eal Aaah etrey aire at wage HARBOR & Ort
Joseph E. Moon....... 1 26 55 Data ra esl ase OR Spl libecaemesre cio Mees eae Oe 1 55
John Monarity.. 3... .: 2 26 00 TCO LU) eS SRO ina 2 Res cope taead| | Mmeeinde aie 1 00
Leon McIntyre........ 2 36 00 KOO yeh erred steal MEN da be netic a [We Leanna eae 1 00
CET (Nesleyc... aus store t itil 281 00 8 00 ORO Os erates toes ae 14 00
olan Teerwye is ais hin o.aies 1 11 00 TUN aed bro reir gaat hes WAR UMC maaan (gee Ls 9 1 00
Seavany INE Veta ol ea a eels a5 ilal 120 00 IO) reas LOE RT Bae tae oe, lite ss Fall eee 1225
Hired eB ettsie.s2.. al 71 00 3 10 3 75 WS MmOOIe iibcaee ts 20 40
Nn Reynolds. cs sic Tc eS! As ek NI Da ieee oe ed al Ae tate aM Na tes. At aap Same) oldehcn We a
William A. Ruth...... TLC ETEA ve an ucaer aie os as 1 [nee eevee eta! ames a CPt ns leit 1 (RRR Si
es Saxton. cass sh ie 1 31 00 Erg C10 Vand bees acral ea ge rn oe LAR 1 00
David Simoncini....... 2 24 00 ADO OW sae sees bill es awe ae [be cee ae 4 00
HT Ge Sm he ne ede >, 33 10 LTE Orme Seal ae Me IO aun td 3 10
George Smith. ........ 2 HOBO O TH eterctereeralee ul hucetecs af [bihrewanlenarsnrsticeuilh re iettca em il leiai esse aaetts
We SMa Ms sence sene 3 i 25 00 2 00 Cay ONE NER ns eee | cape Se eth
IL ibe lalepollivorlas Gon 4 2 24 00 EXO (Of lent ekte ie bate oe Cee nee | ae ate 4 00
DA eisehrollsn . sages 1 15 00 2 65 DO Nea az ee vhs ctt ey aes tee 5 60
red Sehmidt. “2.5%. 2 eae el ORa reer ee roca Ot epee rms eh [terete Une ma ree ace lininn oye IN Li Tend IR eS SU
Solomon Squier........ 1 25 65 SpA ince oer eee srt MU wera lo 65
Albert Stadimeir....... 15 245 OO 55] bigs) LS) 2) aan PAD TOO: aerisee ee yh 1/55
RUBS uaT ee ah ekiaiera alone. 1 26 00 HOOT iPecmbe an RS cach suerte mello eas Col ats 1 00
W. M. Stearns........ 30 565 15 AGE OMe liar Bence itera ge ae Ly mi Yo ye Kec 46 95
FVODELEE SU OLE sie sions 25 519 30 50 10 8 70 SOROOM Le pee 88 80
LNG SING 4 Deeb aresidey ere Belarc 3 75 OO Zo EN Od sta Bee oe (at Me a ale Se am em ae 4 50
AWS s ueGMOLe. iy cece cts 6 69 00 MOOREA ee PS men eem sor acslpr iets set 7 60
Adelbert VanPatten.... iL | 21 00 POOR Whereenciten fh ealets ees odie Natasa eho 1 00
Mranic ee Waele nica ate 3 38 25 eSATA eke cet atte Wie ie) el a pes Ena Uae Seno | 8 25
J. Frank Weldon...... 5 81 90 Le OLOT Papeete ee emer tr ts Beal | 1 90
Harry Wilcox......... 4 54 00 ARGO Me te at hilt, eect tng tae | 4 00
WE. Dorrey. co. cose: 1 42 50 Or Wee ae eer ish alas ch eaeeat | 2 50
[biebho AMEE CLs os ce ut Shot Ai rn on eae, POUR ta ih kee ou cs toh teen | 2 00

MO peullik ahs cis cue ees 297 |$5,468 10 | $416 64 |$67 15 $108 55 $2 56 $594 90

Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

[230.1

Safe - re ce ce 7 Herne er renee rete se ees eggaagy +9 aT
Seine ee oe eos pacar ig cieeoe 6 Gee ee
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—_— -—_—

Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

216

| | |
ee et i ee Se ee ane
Spa Rae oer | a ee ae | Seater eee its: initia hee | eel des eee | Pee ree GC] | Segre iareine mina cc Vk ns sa Meum alge a alae aaah eae ie IOUIWTZ, “VW aude A
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Pts ee ea em em Oe, Ch Oat RA pt pune | (ie CURC ENS EOC) AY ht wa Yaar ee ) Gee eet acre S 12 ce cee diate eal ua aeiage ee cs es a) 2 102110),/ 9) we)
perpetrated ete eee ie sei a 3 ca re ec ees pee ee ry (Coa)
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(papnjau0,)) — SNOILOY AO SLTASAYY

CONSERVATION ComMMISSION

SUMMARY OF RECOVERIES AND EXPENSES

Regulariprotectors ec aaires sete ane ales ie tabenshe a uewe lake ener nis $41,255 67
SPECIAIEDTOLECLORS ao ei fer a eee hc Le Oe Sic ele le Ria ees 5,468 10
TEAST FE OR a) Soe ER? ED | $46,723 77 |

SUMMARY OF REsULTS OF ACTIONS BROUGHT

Regular Special

protectors | protectors

LEVITG bbe ol i PRN RDS CRMC NRT G) ~, RERROM es 0 ial aia Rae Oh 3 2,036 269
oy ELD TE) TET Ba RF nie ole ei See EAA le Ae RE Le ig a 25 3 |
JohnyDoeiproceedings. . 255-5700 bcs aes ok bee ee ke! 60 1 |
Sentence Suspended scr tte Se Be i ie ke AIR CN) ar AN 121 15
ALSOCTIC TE Sad EAN DAE ie Ai) | ee ec 69 9 |
IBC OM GITIE Clery cent ere tN La aN Bok 0 eee ON AOR Led | aa IM Tene See eer |

RRL VAC SAPTCEC cys, toes teh tis, see ne Ere Aa RN Ta eae: Sa | 72) ||, ey oe Aa Be
STOEL SERS HAUO Te REED C5 Be IRE ee ASI ee i) (hie 325m 297 |

Fines and | Expenses of
penalties prosecution

$4,742 50
594 90

$5,337 40

Total

218 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

REPORT OF THE CHIEF GAME PROTECTOR

SS

. Con- ’

REGULAR - Actions Court Attorneys’ | Other Total
PROTECTORS brought Recovery costs ae fees charges costs
ThosssH. Allene eee. 20 $174 80 BO OT Ue ict a alte nene sone coat, cae oro $25 25

BE Allisonee eee 9 144 10 TUCO Yona KO Saree cal | SRR ete et eae ed 10 10
William JeAndres sane Fa 21 430 64 Day bey Ess OWA Oe as Clete Wels Ue eee 28 14
Benj. M. Bailey....... 67 621 85 131 20} 19 30 $13 00 $5 00 168 50
JE Ballce pet ee 2 53 50 Gea Weta ees lene cers etic el camer sens 6 75
Joseph Barry. . : 24 401 00 24 00 UPD DOROO aa eecctee 51 20
Fred Bauernschmidt . 26 375 00 7: Lall7 (Suess 1 cil ges EARS etre Gl MER eon eee 4 70
@arlvA= Recher ene 25 309 50 20 00 OTA a et, Bee NINA Ss: hata 27 40
WimaG Bellies son se. 19 267 35 CEs Ter Us tren (ANY AG) AB tee os el Peake ea 33 85
red. H. Bellinger. .... 6 145 00 LS a( 00) Miter Sir uch| | aie eae eeanes cecctaeld Regs ites ea 5 00
D. H.W. Benson...... 50 851 00 DSA ie pyar e pelinvaeue cieeehs eee 23 40
Chas. A. Bissell....... 4 10 00 9 30] 18 80 SOOO ae cere 58 10
Dennis Bump......... 9 143 00 16 30 4 50 ZOO ees ieuence 40 80
Wm. H. Burnett....... 11 161 45 PO SID eva kiateredl chenenc lene gatioonareuaienens 15 20
oes Burnside: seen 10 98 72 TOMS Titer ee ZOOS! coeeraicis 30 57
Patrick F. Butler...... 10 180 00 a ars 1D) Ue See eS ae ce hice a Sra 25 30
Win: JeButier. o-oo: 10 191 10 PE MOO totes Shite cudtercte ae | a 12 50
Ad Bert ale TBA ONR is ios acl se 75. alerat fe 0.8, sane tated elope tan eee Se onenat Roi etek even ee besies ccna ka oe ie
Med Callahan cece. 5 81 00 A QO sae Sa cilia iaensswa oreo a) eretere wey 4 00
M. L. Callaghan....... 18 259 95 DR OU ie ec r2 il aeteareretel tens )l/mienecie resets 28 O1
Byron A. Cameron..... 6 113 34 Zh hs 60) io... see ae se eee 8 35
ZEUS Cater we een eee 18 256 50 37 35) 34 75) SOW Oat aed o5 ost 102 15
Wim Clarke sie oe 20 374 25 D0) D5 live ee. ae 1 sae eh eR ee tberen ce 29 25
Win sClovyeshcs 15: 19 205 15 Tis sl ee ee eee | copie Raven neta terere daa 15.15
James A. Colloton..... 8 DAO) OO atte bce ae eal en eee | Pe eet A inesS Soha ln re oad
Gere Conklinge > 5 .a. 6 88 75 237 (la) fae ahr A Pacers ates Nall levi tS ll 3. oe
MAC ACrassieinace. acs 62] 1,139 00 62 15} 14 25) TS OO reece 91 40
H. B. Cruikshank...... 23 290 50 OT AD wane oa. liam axe wane | ie eee 27 45
Chester C. Culver..... 33 411 55 33 75) DOI anes sree Romteers eal cre en euereaeae SE Fes
Harny a Ountyn vein a 30 437 05 2 ae 1 a A Rape seed | abet ap ae sit 23) to
George Davis.........| 2 53 00 5 1 | eiaie aan ees Paykel Wire S* < 3 00
Wm. L. Delaney. . a AMZ 4 90 00 $B SAO cvcrse norte lee tee aerate ae ee ee 8 10
Joseph M. DeSilva..... 74; 1,135 10 61 40 SOD kine ast eee ee ar ke 69 75
iHredDewitteee os 47| 1,024 50 46 50; 10 35 DOTOO. ste 76 85
EUC SD eWioliixs, cereus 10 733 60 22 45 2 00 ZO iOON, acces 44 45
J. Dollinger.-\.5.<) «sie 12 212 00 UMD liswtsnaleiell (aveus aero eusun's Hasietereree G 7 00
Claude T. DoVille..... 14 263 20 TGs. Fal coe arses. 16 00
Elton B. Downing..... 28 532 65 5a 55! 7 00 AOD tia eres 105 55
Calvin Emerick....... 12 122 45} 22 95) 12 10 TOO 38 Gees 55 05
Wart, Marley). 2). sihis [ane oe ea eens Data coun Mn te a Cee eh Tpepertenines (. SP
James S. Ford......... 22 247 00 TACO aera Scopes ie | AE ees Sa 83 85
Chas. J. Franklin...... 5 155 25 ESA ep lecte &, cc te veltl See Memes ote eee) civ aueee rae 5 25
Edmund Gallagher..... 36 5olvad 34 10 8 00 BBR. ahciiaotys 91 88
mm. H. Gammon...<..... 34 751 50 92°05) sl Wb Maroc: ol Rus oe eye 167 74
Aled NO Cities (le Bes ane 27 259 00 69 35; 24 80 AD PN sik soy ae 136 29
WAC NGleasonws = sae. 32 551 95 25 50) 13°20 PHONO keer 48 70
Theodore Godbout..... 4 49 00 7. Sie (1) AN | os PEs PELE RI eles Ey 4 70
Re Hume Grants... 25: 5 72 50 Dr OW iashenes sete nue kavciscamerel atailts peaeanere sere 2 50
Marry weal, sae 18 536 05 BO 20) LG Sol ieee wate «ne Bear 47 05
He OWaerelamultome «o.2).- 32} 1,196 50 eh AUD lieve) checde rel nneteasn ican sree lee aoeee tees 22 45
Jay Hand.. ae 2] 592 50 CO? 1 ORS Mee heede: Sai: cane 22 50
Austin G. Harris... ... 24 469 75 5 OO wees bale ce clan ene 15 00
Miles Hazelton........ 30 489 15 36) OS ace DT COWL. otras ene 63 05
Henry Hefferman...... | 39 543 80 SO OD ictene ceecell ko Seah all Oh eels 36 55
William Herrick....... i 25 342 35 IC Jas 1a geese | UR iene erd ea ag 19 35
Edgar Hicks.......... 38| 1,217 05 | a ey esis Da A 2 05
Jas) Hi eildrethe= eo | D. 75 60 0) Rs Bieta (eee atc Pe TBE su 7 lee 60
Cyrus Mi. Millers... | 2 26 60 5 HY 3 1) Oe, Oe REIL Sa Ce te 1 60
Joseph F. Hirsch....../ 17 192 15 10 90) 125 ee ee le oe ener a PAS ING:
Wm. A. Hoagland..... 25 613 30 56 40} 11 00 45 05 23 50 135 95
Wim. ©; Hodge. ---a- 5 74 75 ASTID ace: vse ta) hay ace eee as sell teenie rotenete 4 75
Herbert A. Horton..... 7 72 70 yO 03 | Ee bop eno Ae ticit (es costs easy 4 65
George B. Howland... .| 4 103 00 SFO feyecid Sue telnsscre ie eer eee |e erence 3 00
oss N. Hudson.......); 3 42 00 BOON ciate alana ae ee ee 3 00

Wim es tronsee are Zi Che PA, 10 55 3 50 25 OO a coe 39 05
Joseph Jenkins........| 16 274 05 22 40 8 35 BOMB es ctateeeny 70 60
Cassius A. Johnston....)} 15 323 80 46 65 Be ES eR a ate Se 4 00 52 10
JohnH. Kane... ee 26 454 65 35 05 4 00 By OOo strentet 94 05
Dennis E. Keefe....... | 15 302 55 MSO erckeve cs. <1] seeee ell orotate net 13 65
Wi EL AKGddS eee | 5 46 25 SR TO I PE) ES es Po 8 35
Clery Ae ee ee j 32 459 10 AA CAO? FSO! 2OU ss aecaa aes olleie eahorsnele 83 60
1DE Jie Knapp BS Btn ees ae | 31 585 10 Ga Jil LO KSDl A. oo oe eka lipie tare 25 10
Peter Knobloch.......) 8 170 65 TONGS od bes Silhs dei ond Sheree OL eieeaeiers 10 65

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 219

REPORT OF THE CHIEF GAME PROTECTOR — (Concluded)

2 Con- ,’ .
REGULAR Actions : Court Attorneys’ | Other Total
PROTECTORS brought Recovery | costs sable fees charges costs

EA uara WEN MN ua GG rt.) Spelice She boecsce | sie) ace tokens Wahine erage ietaner ns aya] aleicta ve raneiN«aiels ape IMI a oath ec
SO ery CSM Re PE TN CU eae ee ear rere ieee le captratteeaedes Vous ine | (sucheniet on oe lit ace emenenay Sty wollcutomeeuc dete a Mace. ce laate ews
Morgan B. Leland..... 19 $381 20 SPADINA eae ie oe | ol Mr oe a Whatcha 21 aRenen $29 10
Dennis W. Linnehan... 3 57 65} ZG yy eee aie lle eemeaeya aa eceneidltacpen susp sass: 2 65
Richard F. Maher..... 10 268 10) 13 00} $20 10 SomMOO ie cs a 90 10
John H. Mallette...... 15 178 52!) 28 45| 18 61 PATE AU) Sotene es 72 06
Thos. FE. Marsh... .... 14 157 30| DU fecal Gy be sk Saher tore tentnes sy enanee einen A eh 17 16
Mon VIAStenl.ss.06 + 25 479 85) 26 75! (Ge ICO) IN AOS ANS Se eo 32 85
MOE Wines) e's ooh 5 Sac 19 309 65} 24 69} 23 36 3S) AD e ey e 86 45
Ma a IVUOLTIS:, sist. < 2 = aio eh 32 458 25 PAI PAD) PGI BOA CORDES CERO re ee In cee Zane
AD Rete Moxley.c cue: sue) ales 13 203 50 Ae SO wa eae ase [aca eiccokss Sic loud aan 14 50
Brana @. Miallan 2) 52). Til ked ais Se Pe or eee Nines ER teccretil 292 beeen Seria eal | ae MCB) ARreande St) Mag
Michael C. Murphy.... 40 602 00 SOLD hire ste, Swell ewaees 1 leeeelet; thes nys) aati 35 15
Weer VcCormick: | 1... 2 HRD CRO) eeraen cpiearec nell eden ca | fee ee alla CMe ane Com Ba
See WvieMonouch:.)....)- 7 60 25 11 85 4 60 SOO Sa cen: 2UVAD
Wil: INewell.5). 5.0.6): 25 409 15 26 60 7 90 2S tA Olle eee ee 62 90
fee oeNECHOIS: 2)... <?. 4 47 10) 11 50} 16 90 NOZOO| es Sa 38 40
Bent Tne NOMbIN pois icc sweney cis 9; 218 50 ANOO | Meewek ce Gr Gdileiassieetae: 10 67
Joseph Northup....... 8 125 50 SOO aera ees ake ely ae. norel [Pos eiccheue tome 6 00
Rie O Connor. ..6 626 7 129 60) 11C0)27(0)] a eet sae eee RO RR A eee 10 70
ke Overton. c.c.s15 e.- 6 18 336 05 25 50 7 00 TOOW OMI as Ae eae 133 47
Chas. H. O’Donnell.... 20 395 15] 30 45 Sr OO RS we Sheen ell isc toe 33 45
eon We Paxon.......% a 188 75} Fay (15) Heer cu eae] eRe Re EREN | at emma et“ 8 75
POE OriGINg es 4). 2 si<c- = 14 187 00 TET OO) teseeeneeeie Itai x Ruy cake cite 2: AE Rs 11 00
Wallace L. Reed....... 9 170 75) ANNA Ey Wy etce Sue Ceteewel ltlewcmscercsh chewed Pad Lecsiow eee 11 45
@harles Riley... 2.0... Beer cea Sethe | 6 55 4 00 no || eee es 24 88
Ven ekonald:).-<, 03.5.1 3 69 00) 0) COL) Ne pee tare taney [A AT || a 9 00
Ue MWeNSCMUIZ «oa clay Hy eae cee & | Ara ner ae VOVOO He ae 14 45
ING AVS CCU te aie 21: 394 50) TSS 2a re ee cea ea ee ae ce | senna 18 45
Sherman 8. Scott...... Pail 281 40) GRA OM eee ae Receaicner. cose aeneea lin coedine ieteas 16 40
D. W. Seckington...... 25 308 00) 33 35) 6 25 UO CUllseaderce 49 60
a Jaonendan..... 25) 498 85) Sa0D5 5 85 SO eee uey ner 50 70
AOS) ISS eat oe 9 173 90) NGL Ss). WAN ys) Si 2Ol bees oe 34 35
Milton S. Smith....... By 966 00. 64 50; 16 05 ZOXOO Eisen e 100 55
Robert Somerville. .... 20 417 50) SOMO eae oe HO OOS Ss cee A 40 50
Chas. R. Stapley...... 30 303 25 EP OR ern eee lesceeee Recency Seater ee: 13 25
Clark M. Stearne...... 27 740 85 24 25 5 80) SOMOO eee 60 05
George E. Sutton...... 5 60 00; SaOMD fererawec ee |ehere tla ae alr eee 8 00
: Edward St. Clair...... 4 54 00 16 60 8 45 Se OO excrsecdotstee 40 05
Samuel 8. Taylor...... 24 299 15 BILE Orie ed ioe Uta) ee ee ee nen | | Bee ae ae 49 25
Hine AV OMAS's ove ass 25 349 50 31 80 3 20 Doo lb eee 92 30
George H. Travis...... 51} 1,083 50 39 65 4 70 1OVOO IS sae 54 35
CyE Underhill) ..25, .: 31 666 80} 46° 10] 12 25 11 55} $20 00 89 90
donn By Vann. is: . os. 26 359 00) BAL (DH tes ee | a caret ee eee aed | beret Die 1 70
Frank Vande Boe..... 17 296 90 15 90 GOO estas eras 21 90
Peter Ver Snyder...... 14 193 80 1 PCI a | Gee re eee an | ey Pea (Ra ea Pes 17 55
John H. Wackerman... 19 191 67; MORE cee oer sin ts eo Ny tics a: 10 10
Wohin Wiard./.34. 3 2a. 24 259 O1 OSS CLO! cau aeeceateneal lurk Nemes eT | Boece eae 15 70
Merton Westcctt...... 27 503 70 S355 0 sega Al Cl Cee gee | EO pian ee 23 30
Wm. H. Weston....... 12 365 00 NOOO eee ites Ie es Me a ake Sh 10 00
Cleveland Wheaton.... 12 303 90 TOPS Be eileen A ata RR, ee: oF 10 90
Somme Wallis: 21. 22.6 a «es 23 457 30 30 75| 13 45 107 78 10 00 161 98
OO WOON ci saites oe 14 280 75 Oa? /59 oe epee SOO ce fee 15 75
CAG Wordentc ccs es. 32 707 60 73 95 3 75 G2 SI Ae eee 139 85
Chas. H. Yaple........ 25 391 55 ANE Son reper tell gene eto cclch SelB, ea) sce soe 41 85
Verne A. Zimmer...... 15 250 70 MDZ) eat Stace tl aobeto wih 6 eek 50 12 70
POva aioe ys ote 2,325/$41, 255 67/$2,847 22|$586 77) $1,245 51!) $63 00/$4,742 50

Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

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yoy Tuirp ANNUAL ReEeporT OF THE
RecorpDs OF Divisions, REGULAR PROTECTORS
| Con- |
REGULAR Number A Court : Attorneys’} Other Total
PROTECTORS cases Recovery costs | seb fees charges cosis

| |

JoHN T. McCormick, Division Curer, MrrropouiraAN anp LONG PS EAND Division

TEL Allene tse | 20 $174 80) S SAD N21) PRs eC cl pe Hl ot ean $25) 25
BAM >. Barley s.. cr eee 67 621 85 131 20; $19 30 $13 00 $5 00} 168 50
F. Bauernschmidt.... 26 375 00! Za Ui ee eee | leet oe aye an mea eee a8 4 70
D. H. W. Benson..... 50 851 O00 ASE AOA a aoe a a eh el Wate re 23 40
HviGallaghernd..wisei 36 531 3n 34 10 8 00 AQ) AS hss 91 88
Tels Je PDUs, SEE ee aie 18 536 05 30 20 GES text a eee eevee ge oe AOS 47 05
Bdgrarm Hicks.) 50). 38} 1,217 05) Dit ey have orcad bs ehh TN ene ER an Ta E 2 05
J. H. Hildreth. . 2 5 60 C2 | RR SS RO I OO GS 60
ELVA LOLtOn eres i i210 e015) NASER BN 0 es Ares | HTT Vy 4 65
1OG EG ICY 0} Oomeiatae CHORE 31 585 10 65 25 NS Soo) k eh eee ee ee aes 85 10
J. T. McCormick..... 2 TA OO cen yess ta reno eee Lyatlaj esetrade saat eidl Shey GRRUCRS | Ee eee
Hie R. Overton. 2.2 5. 18 336 05. 25 50 7 00) TOON D7 eee en 133 47
George E. Sutton..... 5 60 00. BG Gout ERNE LEE AS <b 07 |! 26g
J. H. Wackermann.... 19| 191 67 LO Uy ice leiha lative Sock tapi se ere nn | | J 0
Jee Warde, 2 eoehsrs 24| 259 O1 NGS A) ee ee > Jace cece ee elen eee ees 15 70
Douala Ge a3 363] $6,032 25 $380 70; $71 00 $163 7 $5 OO} $620 45
WriirAM C. FarueEy, Diviston CHIEF, SOUTHERN DIVISION

ALS VANISOM:. oe sels. 9| $144 10} kU Yeas UC Rate nde an (eters Pee ea eat wt. OMe | $10 10
be Burnside )+. -s. 10 98 72 LOMSZ ee $20 09) Sel Pie 30 57
MJ. Callahan. ....).- 5 81 00! (0) eee ae ae nati 6. Wt c robe ae 4 00
Wal Cloyesinn: okase « 19 205 15 ys US| eee coe |e ee eae ESD ere as | CB, I>) do
EGO urny hye es See 30 437 05 Deals eter celle ais See. ea ate ee ae 23 15
J. ME. De Silva. oo... (EN alesis al 61 40) SSS iGo eae la Rt eae 69 75
WAGs Marley i255 50o ll eae ey ae elle eae etais eae Pes SOG UR en UR: ik yee tare aa oe lis" ove eee
E. C. Gleason........ 32 551 95 25 50) 13 20 10 00 Pe Py eee 48 70
ee Grenigr te ene 5 72 50 Cian, | No AN ROPER Uti eR he | lene By 2 50
Dib. Mecie rs. 5.08 ak 15 302) 55 TOROS packs PKG Bo ts. caer e EMRE ayritegere | 13 65
M. C. Murphy....... 40 602 00 SO aber chanel’ stn eer Peper Nt | 35 15
He O'Connor. ;... i 129 60 TORT Oe ee eo ie eee A ee epee 10 70
FARO): Perkins) so eto 14 187 00 PE OO aes cise Reece eee eee 11 OO
SES Veanih aes ciths eke 26 359 6O SLAM eas hl crete eats lets A eee 31 70
OC Woolites 2 asen 14 280 75 LOS Open OO re sees HS) 7/5.
C. H. Yaple 25 391 55 ANE Rre ee eral hanes hepa ace t 41 85
105i} :)) bay PRONE at cant $4,978 02 $308 Wit $2155 Cm 0 | a $363 72

| = pe a a a a ee

EF. C. Muutin, Division Cater, St. LAwrRENCE DIVISION

W. J. Andre. | $430 64) $25 14 DS AOD eis greeters [echt iit eae $28 14
MER alate rye tudes 2) 53 50) Gi eek ete calc tec be a ee ce 6 75
WiaiG. Belle ye oo ee 19 267 35, Zovno nC GSE OH age aaa 80 ie [8 Oe ara 33 85
Je Wollmpers.. (oe esa. = 12 212 00; A OO ehsccs eet eit aie. ial eevee 7 OO
A Jp 3 ea to RS Se ee Oh | 21 592 50, pI ATa S| 0 ern: a cet aa | UNNI goes apie PES ale 22 oO
ANG SHarrisi jean 24 469 75) Nest 00} [peerage ey) [CRM IS eS 15 O00
Josh Jenkims noes. 16 274 05) 22 40 8 35 BOO! Bol ctectere rare 70 60
Jets Kaner ve eeee 26 454 65) 35 05 4 00 DOC OOle Mente 94 O05
J. He Malletie235...- 15 178 52} 28 45 18 61 PASI (0) (Babine ale or 72 06
Pies Mullen’. 2 ace DW bass rsa Ave easton [ia a foe covnsranor ee] ya haa: rales eet Oay ot cia kes etn keh Pao Co ae
J. Northup...) ec, 8 125 50 GOD)... 2 a] eae eile eerie 6 O00
Je 3E Smithee <a 9 173 90) 155 14 55 SB ZO were nat 34 35
C.WNE. Steame. 9 27 740 85, 24 25 5 80 BO! OOM Metres 60 05
iPaviersnyder..: sean 14 193 80) LT GOD | tar odo eae ete lets ie Seater Li ap
Totaly cern 215| $4,167 01, $245 09] $64 71| $158 10/........ $467 90

SS SS SS | SS SS SS SS a ee (S| SSS SS | So SaaS SoS SS | SS

W. H. WESTON, os Cuier, CENTRAL NEw York DIvision

LE Bellmrentes a. | 6| $8 DOKs co See ee San Ca | $5 00
E. B. Downing. ....:. 28 532 65 538 55 $7 00 SAS N00 ge. ete ere | 105 55
Cog. Frankia: Saher, 5 155.25 fy DE Se. ae ae ae pe fe Nae | 5 25
Wm. Herrick......... 25| 342 35] 19 Ror ae pe ae hee OS | 19 35
W2tA. Hoagland: 3) = 25 613 30) 56 40) 11 op 45 0d) "$23 50% 135.95
Sis. Dawmlon. et tae 24 299 15 BT LOW NUS! Get pag eee Pe yout 49 25
MasWiestcott.. 16 sents Di 503 70 DBs OUicss soc its aa losichldea rcs ote ben te | 23 30

We
ul,

CoNnSERVATION COMMISSION 223

ReEcorpDs oF Divisions, REGULAR PROTECTORS — (Continued)

; Con-
REGULAR Number Week Court Attorneys’! Other Total
PROTECTORS cases Recovery costs | stile | fees charges | costs
| |
|
W.H. Weston, Division Cuinr, CENTRAL New York Division — (Concluded)

W.H. Weston........ 1, $365 00 SOOO het lta lke t oy eta es ke ail e s bie aan $10 00
Jobmawillise ene: 23 457 30 30 75) $13 45 $107 78} $10 00] 161 98
@uGe Worden. oo ).5.. 32 707 60 Oss (3) 33 (7D G2ZPa |e eens 139 85

MNO} alles sieaetereher eecac 207| $4,121 30 $308 65| $53 35 $259 98} $33 50! $655 48

C. R. Sraprtey, Division CuHier, ALLEGANY DIVISION

@ A. Beebe.........6-)a<- 25 $309 50 $20 00} SAO ere ace tell eA ase $27 40
CaC@r Culver. )....085 33 411 55) 33 75; ZOO pas ee Ieper caer te 30) fp
H? Heffernan......... 39 543 80 CR bi Seo | iC ees Pence 36 55
Wipe VEOUTIS® iis he 32 458 25 228 abo oyu cane harder ele! Wes cere Roe 2D
We eee sic lee. 9} ie O75) TAS a a yee Se. ae ee Renate, Alot 11 45
SeSMSCOthas cece lores 21} 281 40) Ue ZNO) ee atk etre eh aie eee Reena SR eo 16 40
GyRe Stapley...../. 2... 30, 303 25 TSS E5 Ms es ea aes HEU oe a te Le ae he} 5s
Ne Ae Zimmer, haa). « 15; 250 70 PDO) ee clive ane dis | $0 50) 12 70

Motaleeee ssh reo 204 $2,729 20 $166 85) SONA. g,) keaeese $0 50} $176 75

ew

SAO AGU Bee
|. J. Conklin. . .
re Cross. 5

saerene D4
ve atte 6
anette 62
Be Biccp 47

——4—- —_. —4
SSS SSS SS

$401 00 $24 00 $7 20 20. OO} osiirosh | $51 20
88 75 SOR oe Ait il ie seas iors Be Re ae A | 3 75
1,139 00 62 15 14 25 LOEOO eee | 91 40
1,024 50 46 50 10 35 PAU: (UD eth A ec. lal 396085
122 45 22 95 12 10 2000)... ae | 55 05

46 25 fo) CD). he aCetey aes) KSC CRO CAE a ERC a 8 35

BPs) Shaw e bee) eile 8.6) a, @ (6. 6. e tore [Voete wieeects @ ab ace: Weel Rie Seite ed car ow ie) fe ee ee ee eee
268 10 13 00 20 10) SOO) Riek ears 90 10
$3,090 05 $180 70 S64 00 $132 OO Bes Me a | $376 70

James A. Couutoron, Drvision CuHrer, ONTARIO Division

M. lL. Callaghan...... 18 $259 pa SOSH ree GIS, ek ata nso uel Payot or a SH $28 O1
gerAw Cc olloton:. .. sc 8 A CROW Ge IN «pales ome PN os atlctll Oy cee chee aches allt So otiey suecore eel WM ee pees
George Davis: )..... 2 53 00, DROW Reiter tela is Mayans Sieh aacambetnn 3 O00
nea @aDeWolf. oo... 10 733 60 22 45, $2 09 SZOLOGI is Sererst 44 45
Gre DoVille. <2. | 14, 263 20! DEMO Maree ec mend tees ov ot ay sold a 16 00
E. H. Gammon 34 751 50) 92 05 SLES cE! 9 ee 167 74
Pikmnobloch) (6. 2. 8 170 65; WORRY: = potas aot | eat st tp a a 10 65
Ci O Donnell. 2. | 20 395 15) 30 45) SOO ena aces [eater ava 33 45
George H. Travis...... 51} 1,083 50) 39 65, 4 70 LOROO | ys 54935
Mestalla y a? 4. faces, 165| $3,950 55| $242 26! $40 85 ee 3 ne re | $357 65

SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SSS Sa Se SS | SS SS SS SS SS Se SS SSS | = =| SS SS

R. B. Nicsouts, Division Cuter, HASTERN ADIRONDACK DrIvIsSION

1D), ABA hoa) Ob Re ORCRCrE Racer aie 9 $143 00 $16 30 $4 50 $20 00) SAGE. $40 80
Wee Btirnettxess: cer 11 161 45 Se 0) Manet apr eae istapate: ocr emai. Soaks 15 20
We J-Butler), 2s... 86 10 191 10 Le 50) Fe Te: Weatecis sisiteays eiicues ce saaye ee 11 50
H. B. Cruikshank..... 23 290 50 D7 2 Ho) ae a keene oie os peere ane iy a aetcwels 27 45
GLO bots os seeks 4 49 00 ra (C) Sennen | Riel mer \aeaeeaulamsiies 4 70
G. B. Howland....... 4 103 00 Se OSG ices to eel el eee aor fps Meese 3 00
M. B. Leland........ 19 381 20 29) 10} noes ies. | Gen geali slabs pimp ted 29 10
D. W. Linnehan...... 3 57 65 Dra EN SR Mica! ies ah Sad lkd eater wet 2aGo
J.J. McDonough..... a 60 25 11 85 4 60 DA OOM A aaa 21 45
RevBer Nichols aes < 4 47 10 11 50 16 90} TOSOO WE eas 38 40
WehHioRonaldies 23. 3 69 00 SOU Reyes ohn lta ey [even eleva etn, 9 00
INS AG Scobttmiens os bes 21 394 50 Ea a eee ra iices eile ao aiamancnetees yee anh, th 8 7 18 45
Dena shendanes so 25 498 85 G13) 105) 5 85 SO et ete 50 70
R. Somerville. 221.1 Sasi st | Sas)... bi, ao ae 40 50
Ate aes eee 163] $2,864 10] $224 75] $31 5| $56 30|.:...... $312 99

2294. 'Turrp AnNUAL REPORT OF THE

Recorps or Divisions, Reaguuar Prorectrors — (Concluded)

REGULAR Number Court Con- Attorney’s| Other Total
PROTECTORS cases Recovery costs ptable fees charges costs
Frep. W. HamiLton, Division Cuier, WESTERN DIVISION
va) DFS BORK.) cepa Stan Re ere tea Nl brataceseate tis Are? Au()9) 44a Ski! ml a Apter a1 IL SS aR RIN PAN US EWE a et abies -
Wie Clarks iin iosvras 20 $374 25 SOB ies met time aves nto ohae cee eras $29 25
F. W. Hamilton...... 32} 1,196 50 DO ANS NPA Egle Sr ray en bela gpl 22 45
JeeheeEELES COE ae ee 17 92 15 10 90 Se et cutemeveteaecel tem vacelexere:< 12 15
W: Conodgevens. iso: 5 74 75 ALES | pees OTN ec cone ete os forsee wenbniie ie 4 75
i Ne eudsonie ec 3 42 00 SOG ee 5 bee staal yee Ay yeaa ley a onl ls raenev eee s 3 00
IW eelirons an. seers 7 125 10 55 3 50 Zo O erates 39 05
DD HenViarshieeriecr aie 14 157 30 OL GRU ER Peete oh Aes RINNE Gone Fe 17 16
Clee Miales sae eee 19 309 65 24 69 23 36 Ste ck Upebave euetetnc 86 45
Ts WeaPaxonto...02 hs 7 188 75 Sra | eee a PaO Sb a a ae 8 75
IR WaeIscHulzsaeeein << 1 Ese ARMA AVA PER ao aie LOWOO) is eee 14 45
NI SS Smith ae eee ees 32 966 00 64 50 16 05 20°00 Se tecdee 100 55
TOta oie Ne 157| $3,578 60 $200 45) $44 16| $93) 40) oye aes $338 O1
== —>.|s S| _ HSS SS SS LSS SS SS SE SS _ ESS S| SS
Byron A. CAMERON, DIvIsION Cuter, NORTHERN ADIRONDACK DIVISION
GOA wBisselliociec 6 h4.0. 4 $10 00 $9 30; $18 80 S50 OO} Ke eet $58 10
B. A. Cameron....... 6 113 34 hae GOL ce seiiek reales 8 35
eS HOLGH ys res puerta 22 247 00 71 70 D2 a oa Chars wie ccianenotenets 83 85
Crdekarbyeeiee eens 32 459 10 44 40 SO) 20S Caos weil ce eerie 83 60
DE Moxleyneecs 5 13 203 50 PAO re ee NLRC Se eat anata Pete be cake 14 50
Je eVINOrtberyacriaccie 9 218 50 A OO) MARAE oe GUGT tse rete 10 67
@has! Rileyoas. oo ese | Ee anes 6 55 4 00 eG ee eae 24 88
D. W. Seckington..... 25 308 00 oo oD 6 25 1OXOD Ebene 49 60
BastyClairewy kee 4 54 00 16 60 8 45 E5100) sone SER 40 05
RVG Phomasiescsct. 25 349 50 31 80 320 GV MLR ast is ae 92 30
| ae a MOG [ate ASTRA si
Mota rcisse eucaweie 144) 31,962 94 $239 95) $92 65) TERR SiO)ape te oe $465 90
J. E. Leavirr, Drvision Curer, SourHERN ADIRONDACK DIVISION
Vi Hazeltonu....2 055 30 $489 15 S36u05lte so ae. S27 OO let ner | $63 05
CMe aHaller: pit hee 2 26 60 a HY SOY er le econ Er or (US a A 1 60
Ee Bi. TOO a atib cis 2 50.5% | oars 3 A-c ye wifrele peta egret atte aetna) ears ioe ste Ve eile Gm cero rie ke eledeael aca et ae
Cen Masten:. «02655 25 479 85 26 75 BU LO ss revwiccaenecret bors ais ae 32 85
WOR giNewwelli mn cesecares 25 409 15 26 60 7 90) 28 400.03 cme 62 90
C. E. Underhill....... 31 666 80 46 10 12 25) 11 55) $20 00 89 90
CAAWihea tons... 3 Gee 12 303 90 TOGO SS 2 i ee Se Sealers ee 10 90
Potale css scccieeh 125) $2,375 45 $148 00} $26 25 $66 95} $20 00) $261 20
SS | | ee eS ee SaaS | SS SS |
C. A. JoHNsSTON, Division CHIEF, EASTERN DIVISION

Pap Butlers cscecccse 10 $180 00) PARES IEE 7 SL eed ieee Cet ba alee {he Ak les Bip $25 30
Zs CAtere chetesitee oe 18 256 50 37 35) $34 75 £20 (051) eal 102 15
W.L. Delaney....... 4 £90 00 SLO Feo. obit cue ang eee ene 8 10
JAS Gindersy ances PH 259 00 69 35 24 80) BD EN a aio 136 29
©. A. Johnston... 2. .< 15 323 80 46 65) ay ee aes ee | $4 00 52 10
FF) Vande Boes.. cc. 17 296 90 15 90 GOO 2 eave | scarce ake 21 90
Totalisevevolevetee tine 91} $1,406 20 $202 65) $67 00 $72 19] $4 00) $345 84

a E
rr

>

eee a eS

a

a Fen,

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 925
RECORDS OF DIVISIONS, SPECIAL PROTECTORS
Con-
SPECIAL Number Court Attorney’s| Other Total
PROTECTORS cases Recovery costs stable fees charges | costs
Joun T. McCormick, Division CuHier, METROPOLITAN AND Lona ISLAND DIVISION
AvIViE Gare os wins. 3 $43 00 STEIO ee ye eee $2 50] $10 40
(GET ECCT I TEE as oor 2 PAU) COYO}| ape iat VS dll | EIR att) ae ice LAT aie pie enn Tr A
James Graham....... 2 TA DY NOLO Se eI re eos al bast yletchaes ec Vee oe REY | sce (ee a ec
Jee. A Gee aa iB AA ie [neal A art ee med IT et neesreaic ect el lan. eet ss ol [G4 |G eealesae ct [te neta cnn Meee I LR ae ee Oc
D. Simoncini......... 2 24 00 AOD Sema iemsn eee ee cee eeate., 3 4 00
George Smith........ 2 ORO ease es eee lnaee on ct cre ciate rE 7. be ceed
Motalesien aos: 13 $172 00 SOO eae vepe re coi ltnecoeeecees ates $2 50) $14 40
Wo. C. Faruey, Drvision Curer, SOUTHERN DIVISION
Sam M. Perry........ | 11 $120 00 $10 75) SISO [esas aia | ah es aCe $12 25
SSS | SS | SS Se SS S| SS SSS | | SSS SSS SSS SS
Frank C. Mouuuin, Division Cuter, St. LAWRENCE DIvisIon
Charles F. Mandigo... Ht $20 00 $4 85 $3 00 S1OLOON Ae $17 85
L. McIntyre......... 2| 36 00 TpO0 ee ee tall oboe. le eee 1 00
Bredeb)., Pitts. ...-.14.<- 1] 71 00 3 10 Ss Systane 20 40
ISU Sard ee eee 1 26 00 T Lea O10) | rey Rai rd ra Ege | Steet eo 1 00
Ave Ninwmanner. . 4)... « 3} 75 00 ASSO peers aia)| kecs ake ieee. ieee ae 4 50
77300 ae ie Rie) $228 G0|\) 5 $1445! 46 75) | $23 55)... ek | $44 75
Wo. H. Weston, Division Cuier, CENTRAL NEw YorK Division
SR EPAMISOI SF cycre ousce)s) oye 1 $17 00 SZ ROO sone ral ohev stata Es ats isvomsher are $2 00
ee BACK. dite <x sts, 0s i 11 00 itt (OO) | is Meee eM Beamon eee eal amans Cena 1 00
George Brier......... 12 334 95 Oy Glad ie Sears tees Ronee ELS Bioaet a aera ntac 159735
Jase Bullard’... .- 17 194 00 14 70 Sedat \U) Waar UR PRM 17 00
W. H. Bundenthal.... 23 494 75 43 45 1 50 LOO a oe eee 59 95
AAO IATIC. fhe. ocala: oe 2 61 50 LP B10) | 25a: Smee ey | Gatch ent zesmee abae remo 1 50
Bert Everingham..... 14 247 00 25 00 Be Oe cca es ey (eee un penn 28 50
Mine HOvds: .cueecs 9 78 00 GOD ie eyeing Siete pale oa VAN 6 95
fle Elam bone <> sj. 2 24 00 ALOO |Prie cus teckes es ho A ee ee 4 00
SPOTTY cassie 1 11 00 1 nO) | te Aenea NS al a ARTO MR aT FRE eaten 1 00
iA Via) Patten...) 1 21 00 11 .(010)) ccs etic cael ey HP Ce EP 1 00
Maal se a Kite otek 83} $1,494 20 $115 95 $7 30 CUD OON SG A ss cig os | $138 25
SSS SSS! |
C. R. Stapiey, Division Curer, ALLEGANY DIVISION
Frank J. Maloney... | a $183 30| $13 55 $7 ay Te Awl Rear | $21 10
Cuas. E. Ler, Dirviston Carer, Hupson DIvision
Wwe OLTE Vi i ls.0) 6 sale 1 $42 50 D2 mea | emeeera lates [eccecnek fs teehee su chicies cooweth $2 50
EE WiGEd se 2S oxic: i} | SOA eee beet DOU RE es roca lever aren want iac hee cata ais 2 00
PRO tetlite stecre kaon 2 $42 50 OLS EO pease rey avres | ttarene Se oot ax cies [heatss chee" siren $4 50
James A. CoLtitotron, Division CureF, ONTARIO DIVISION
We BardOs 6. sen aes 2) $31 80 SEES [Pyeer ear ere' | ersttexeke, cees as [fey Rea en | $1 80
GOBENEeV coho = Sin ee 3| 60 00 PAN AON os ie Banco Re Canara aN 8 2 79
Jas. Dickinson....... 1} 101 10 TRC eeepc oye too Soe rail) haces aye 110
Frank Esquirrel...... 1| 15 00 2 65 C321 A Bien is cai ee URE 5 60
jek elohman...5. 45. 8 172 50 12 50 AOR OO a ee a ears eaaearee 22 50
John Moriarity....... 2 26 00 FE OO ees cree shale ake oles Sees es ll eee eee | 1 00
De Ueschrolles. esses 1 15 00 2 65 PAN 15 Teena ey OMEN een Ue ts 5 60
Fred Schmidt........ 2 ELLE sipaeaveneptinbs iaioue wise. silts aijarave oayene ye) Vanhegarenenaye | Agra afters
Tie TSpAbNe ice. oaks 1 25 00 2 00 LY A 5) eee UO Se Oe ee tt 7 1
Motaliee ve hue crcdie 21 $480 50 S26u4 Ol S210 G5 ta sar aes one eons | $48 14
8

bo
bo

Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

RECORDS OF DIVISIONS, SPECIAL PRoTECTORS — (Concluded)

SPECIAL Number | Sp Se Court |; Con- | Attorney’s| Other Total
PROTECTORS cases | ecovery ensts eee fees charges ecsts

Rosert B. Nicuots, Division Curer, EASTERN ADIRONDACK DIVISION

BRS. ROB | 1 $26 00 SIMO RE... ch | er Reval nee eas |) gon
AY St Renaple ye anh 6 69 00 POW state Pal i oc Pew lickic merce Noe ciate
i a a | ee eee

Botate dee Cob 7| $95 00 S860). 5.0. ke | ee ve eae $8 60

FREDERICK W. HAMILTON, Division CHiEF, WESTERN DIVISION

Brankj Bonde aie-nion: 10, $293 00! $3 OO lec tte [cee Ga eke Bese: $8 00
Chas. M. Holtz...... 6} 35 00) L500) viata! STOUOO |e neces War asi ag
Voday IMC Ass oak 1| 26 55) 1s 15) (ee Week Va Wat Sila Credits fats ae a5
HON Reynolds... 9: . De te sec hedtsl la tetve, a ccaats corte | Ne atrekc eRe concede ten TE SR | repeat net ee RE ees, &
He GuiSaxtons).ccnts.. 1] 31 00) TAO Os ed cube ene [Pee Sree APPA Aree Bla tue 1 00
HaGaSmithy see 2! 33 10) SAO none | RED crcl arg ve Ae 3 10
AoStadlmemr,: 2.32. 15 245 00) STS | ZOVOO| Cees jr alse
Re SUOns ie ele eae 25) 519 30 50 10 8 70| S000 eee ee 88 80
Harry Wilcox........ 4| 54 00) AN OOP sant eaer Heese lin SH 8 Goce, ee 4 00
EE I TE es

Total pct tases: 65) $1,236 95} $113 90} $10 25) SES500). eect $189 15

B. A. CAMERON, Division Corer, NORTHERN ADIRONDACK DIVISION
Wie Min Stearns ic) 7-1 ee 30| $565 15 S46 95 [eee ch. 8 BAe se | Taal | $46 95

PAO MBhwncls, . sha 2 $46 50! S3O THOR Ae Ti ay weaocee | $3 70
E. W. Gauding....... 10 105 20 BAO Pacis vk fins, yan dda | $0 06 5 26
SMSOMien neem mace 1 25 65 GO| Ree tie Speer SER to | soak aoe mee 65
DoW eldam sa. 3. dic 5 81 90 LOD Ie Perse ob ent oe stds | ee 1 90

ems Sea Sl | Vs ald aa i Pe Nt

AD VAR HEGD 3 coe cs 5 2| $38 75 BoueS| hese 5) Ol. scans $8 75
By PEN ereti ns. <icierien 1 40 00) 4 60 SG SUD Ee case Ol Orca eee 10 79
Vee ATTelliove® sie a ates 2 125 00| PLO | se sheve, ie cat is «either etree 1 00
J. D. Goodermote. 2 30 00 21S (1) aes RO ee oes an es 4 30
UNA tl a 3) 38 25 BOB six ey cascode tekst ee eel 8 25
Chas. H. Nesley...... 11) 281 60 8 00 G O01 < Wen Moat: Sennen 14 00
Wan AL Ruths. oss a. 1D ae era Ae | ened | Dean ares | ei mE SL eer Dalry nll bec -cy dice
BY PGWiele. pois acc bod 3| 38 25 SRA... BRL os. ba |) ieee

Motul si ccnane 28; $591 25 $38 15] $12 15 $5.100l goons | $55 30

CONSERVATION Co .,XMISSION

227

HUNTING AND TRAPPING LiceNsES IssuED DuriInc THE FISCAL
YEAR
October 1, 1912, to September 30, 1913

COUNTY

ANSE TORS & ah SI RRA RAGES EMP OR RON Ber AAT rt a a
Pee ines erst Rie Nee ac asi SEM oe Lstiarouep at avd ren eal Lene ar
[SSROOTET EL rode cane Ee A RIL CAE CUR re Pte) ee te nS Re
(CI ITE EN OVER OIEI. SUCERO lealiae av ew mm enanss a Dh a4 oe Oa
CFT EAN RO a eal ue et mR eee OO ea ce 2 Be ea
Chautandua ec et create tee tk ee
NOUN Oe eA re isles tote sah Siedld eueiis elertantaar
(Che Gin Pao) hae | Cue Sane po Re es Ya] rae LO
lint one are sea ME NL a Slain Ley diel kes iad

JRigy rl bob ta eye at Fae leet Ss a ta a TA STS SoA Tie SEU ee NY Ma ae

Tes Gan GS Ona eRe Cae all, Ap edt Le dn A A a gl
MMOTETADE 5 wp See Stee eee Le eta ac!

INTE YTs 1 WSR Rha eer PURO ee GC Eg a a

(QaaPEMEGO)S Bes Sackd Coote eRe ann goin 7st rea rr Say ENE

CUTIE eyes ee res ce le MR so A
HUGHSSEIAGIE Pie eon ae rari Fe Me Me, RM
JRy eT eNeaCOTALS LY, 2h Beara Ue ee eh bp mete a ars ere Rea an I ae
ROGAN rier CMe AEP Ok PRE Ut Ne AU 4

SUT HOYERT, || SeR NRE Ae ean tere tae nae Rte Ree eae ee |
BETTE CUNY Gals he he crt taie biietsce staat ares o oht) Srasd! ait
Stel ETT ie AE a nnn PR ie ka 2 RC ea eee

ERY OS Ree ctaies as esa tein te EN Ae ML ee eR ne OL a
NUTS Gere ely re a Re Ee rare sacl week

WHS RING POM Coc et ihe £1 PO hn trata atom ta tis Beate, Wun Hama
AUER TE) Sn ca Poa PSEA Ses rhe oc ir Aecal aurea ef ee ta

Resident

198,101

|

Non-
Non- . |

feuident mesident Tctal
GOR pee me ce 2,664
ATER Mend 10 3,306
20 20 | 4,147
180 80 | 4,428
AO ee | 3,706
60 40 4,634
ee appl ML ENS Eltcs eit | 2,747
Me REPEC IES -Retty hate 3,626
(Ne Vins cee pee en 2,314
60 20 | 2,445
MN ee se 2.061
40 10 | 4,127
120 30 | 3/897
Nts ce 10 6,522
160 30 AL 70H
300 70 5.004
40 | 20 2 934
40 | a8 2,037
20 10 2,228
60 60 1,421
260 | 50 4b 7
LOOM eens 6,129
AO\ | ayia eee 2/242
P20 |E . see ee 2,855
ZOOM rk, Gaia 2,769
PAD) | iaeos. semicttees & ite
POM eee La Aes 7,310
COR 2,451
PAV anata ats 2,636
740 170 5, 522
Se Taha Se ateea rebate 1,941
100 10 6, 220
20 10 | 6,687
2 OS ag aes es voted 2,465
A Weeks | 4/282
me Me ere Lit We MNO | 808
40 10 | 4,224
40 P48) | 4,119
EIA rre VILE, sc RAS 840
lO eal Wee eee 1,250
GON, Ree ANE Pee
OVE boa ees ae 583
nae Memes Coe NL AS ie = Sis 1,697
420 | 40 6,921
40 10 2,672
Pa chsehinn? maa vi lnc tues EN, 2,570
Peale: ae eel 10 1,620
ON ASR Cray. San [kan ant ene 1,130
3 Ese ORE e, Ah aac esi WA Bezy
20 | 10 7, O85
160 30 | 6,340
20 10 | 3,365
Hf ck GR RHA ee 1,893
3 is Bice REE GR poreT MAE OTE | 2,621
Sib iON GAG 20 | 5,398
1 eke ane ‘| 2,701
20 50 2,747
pay py. 20 | Sea
120 20 | 3,461
LNA Seta tasty | 2,127
By Rov Rover Sluis Mis Dia Satan 1,495
3,900 900 202,901

228 ‘Turrp AnnuaL REPORT oF THE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

SUMMARY oF RECEIPTS

Hunting and trapping Nicemsesse oc... of. ssi ee $202,901
Hines and, penalties i iene eee nln coe a eae 46,723
(7am tae eds Whine et esis ieee SDs yee AN 11,715
Trout aie, {nee enemy rie Maa cea k 8,638
Imaportation- licenses. Aye os ei genic Peco shag 306
Breeders, licensesn( deer yates) eile uel boson ere 295
Sale of ‘skins. \(contigeated)) e iistiwh hike Ul eks 168
Prout: tageine maechinesie <7: ite bakes eee 150
iieense) to/ship out er gtaber. 04 ts.. eae. eee 98
Non-resident trapping licenses) ....4.0 2.2.42 i)!
kanik ‘ligenses ek oo... eR eee, NL Ds cla tlh aha 85
HE OSSESSION, OL VEIISON |) UU ei VAs Ohta area ete 65
Band (ceriaiea tes.) sick icieevmiy.< kta Slee ie ef ee 49
Sale, of deer Ceanhiseabhed \is sc... esos ceva mien ae 33
Special, protector Dad ves ww so cuys a ueran eee ee 10
Nef anepection. Wh So een: te oc ete ena cee eee 9
hoo 09 4: MV RRR EO i TO a Md ped wan te gl 5
Salevor mets \( comiiseated yas He cli. aaa Bene eine 4
ent On trout tageiy machine... 2). ge So 1

$271,349

00
riety
85
00
60
00
one
00
00
00
00
00
00
15
00
00
10
25
00

29

Non-ReEsIpENtT Trapptnc Licenses During THE Fiscan YEAR

Octroser 1, 1912, ro SepremBer 30, 1913

PAS e SN ees vace time. WL gp ente Sige vel coe eee cast ee en $20
PR ROTITE Tice Biers ee PA hs ech e coce MES UENEA male een 10
Ga oolicnrya Tae etn ie a OR ie CL. ea ASR dR St Re 10
rrrtilicnrit el, eames ue oY Baca NN le ae eo ade ae 10
LQ Dec waves Me Onuates 2) ood AAR AES eye Eee EN ESS 10
Saratomane heme cise, < /bcs o) lone de ea 10
S Dacre: ea MONG soe) of 2 DEE eee estes!) 20

Pot e) 2 ah TOR arte si bi oso hd ae $90

00
00
00
00
00
00
00

00

THE ANNUAL KILL OF DEER IN THE
ADIRONDACKS

[229]

\jakisecition
GN ARI a | ban shih ha
She Woliate Igy Sai ; |
ae ha ve [ aa

has Ks, tae le. rh k oe /R5), ny, ie

. handy Sk Ly hh eat Sy sy ASA A ree ee et ;
. ‘ j \
4
ye ory vo ‘a i— i Al
© RACH OMIA | 7
il j ; t
f
rer ee
? , Y
iN ;
j
Fi J f
.

y
{

f

; reek: 8

THE ANNUAL KILL OF DEER IN THE
ADIRONDACKS

For convenience of those who have kept statistics of the annual
kill of deer in the Adirondacks there is again reproduced here-
with, from the annual report of the Forest, Fish and Game Com-
mission for the year 1909, a ten-year table thereof (1900-1909),
as follows:

Year Carcasses Saddles Heads
111 Ts dy REO CE Ra a 1,020 ~=89 95
OEE HM on, Yast cae nO: Oe 1,062 103 121
"EE, Si eR an 2 Bnet Celi A 1,354.1) Eigymraut he
Pe ee th yo sic egal of Gow. floret 1,968 > 1450 e188
0 i sa RU BROIL GD ESS MOR a be 1,618 194 9 159
ES 2 CU IS ae OURen se aaa 2 196): LOCH) viene
Pt eS SI OM RN Et A Ak Sa 2.413 108 102
EO tea MO OR a 2,021 ° 72 i
“AG AD UST ast eet ay aca ane 1,986 103 85
MMA ay iia ie MR D810). 5 bi 164

ET De gr coat ats mer ee bo en apa rote et DAAS 5B) 188
ee es oe sli: Sane 71) aa Ge"
‘1:55 (0) Ra ee ese, RCM rE Coat 968 41 120
1 TOE aN OC PS IC Re 1 269°) Sil. puoalis

[231]

232

SEASON OF 1913 SHIPMENTS

Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Statistics of shipments of deer from points in the Adirondack
regions have been supplied by John L. Van Valkenburgh, super-
intendent of the American Express Company, and C. S. Colvin,
superintendent of the National Express Company, as follows:

SHIPMENTS OF DEER FROM POINTS IN THE ADIRONDACK REGION
Mohawk and Malone Route

STATION

Beaver RUAVOE sae. bias 2a eee
Bigs NlOOSe wetce crearis eel nie uoto aare
Brandreth a) ce oe re eae

HOTEStDOLt see ie eee eee
HultoniChaingess. neo. see seers

Malenushaquar. 4c oi. sewn oe

Boon Gaker. io rime uc Oe erie ree
WMeKieevers wi acccinnk sa ce ete
WMarinehahani:3 sek. ok sear iee Be
MOULIN Aa erty A ce re eee

Orichrote se Beh Ce a a
Owis' Head.) eee Gio. ook

(ROMAN ae tc tee rics ea enone <a
IPTOSDCCE Re Sie eee inte ea
Raquette Lake ss: 2.) oe ea ae
Robin WOO sake nei eee a eee Rileee

Tupper Lake Junction..............
White Lake Corners...............|
AWioodsiliaken nic sieetee mobs ect nie 5

F
IMLOITA «cS eisecw mise cies ee

St. Regis: Palisi.. 35); sate oer eene
Santa Clarac.soiiiis Wid Se OEE
Spring ‘Cove ne) ch te eee

Saddle Head

Carcass

3a fo. 6s 9) eis

3 AY ates

Total

| Weight
|
|
48 5,079
33 4,276
7 737
53 6,130
27 3,840
14 | 2,140
32 3,657
49 5,741
16 1,804
9 1,313
3 449
13 | 15.780
3 | 410
5 613
73 8,809
12) } 1,593
23 2,897
7 | 965
3 | 450
5 508
7 140
u 125
5 550
2 23
47 6,361
9 1.175
2 262
27 3,570
18 2,343
1 150
6 302
7 1,009
94 11,316
29 3,970

4 | 490
He 1,605
5 | 615
15 | 2,075
1 | 90
12 | 1,740
10 | 1,055
22 | 3,380
ria 125
4 | 521
25 | 3,473
12 | 1,780

122 |

16,949

CONSERVATION COMMISSION 233
R. W. and O. Route (C. and A. Branch)
STATION Carcass Saddle Head Total Weight
PN Ko Wel ave nse teicd alan repack Bich aise Nee Ea Re TDR Ree WBA eA ars, ie alah 1 80
BENSON Manesiern silos 5, ces acces a 29 | it | 6 36 4,151
Hlarrisvilles eearey mika occa ode DS ANAL AM lets, SMa pA bee S40 28 3,919
ESI AEBS atelier c meno uel ul aati [ec Taectaly oaat aap en LADS pra ke at 5. | 870
INaturalbBbridgeltiis) seis vas as U1 Reena NACE AMAA Ua Dee Dele ey 115
INewtonpiallshy sane ec ee 39 | 3 4 46 6,419
Osweratchiew lias e ore es oe ha ba rs an 1 18 | 2.156
Wiaakenarinin. taki Ga Need i cc icbets 49 16 5 70 | 7,349
169 20 16 205 | 25,059
R. W. and O. Route
Chen (apa 8 ioe Oat Sa aS ve le 6 DEAR ta) vhs 8 740
Depkalp Junction..)... 00. hoe see A (uly SS ON ON a 2 272
BIC ATL SMe pee ene an eA ere eae TU ten Sok eta Re ery aN 1 150
IES RMOT Se pet eny Sea esas eee en DAN ahi Sateris 5 er hal iges eee meal che 2 310
HEA CON Ae ee Cac COAL ee Les aL ees ne cr aatees © | ey 2) 178
TALL SITE TEA SE aa a ae A ee i see ae a Pea VSI Ee Leas | 1 1 12
IROtSdamre ee ee ere eee are cine! 28 1 Foie eects 29 3,973
Rensselaer Falls)..3..6 22 00. eee eee SA es yrs p Ar NSE cg 1 100
chiar: vati es ian le ah Oe Tempe atk ke | 1 119
| are | |
42 | 3 Per sl 47 | 9,854
EF. J and G. Route
RO Te Gl eae RATS iy Mae ag hi Ue Mis ea 8 | Beil biden s aetes 1 4 484
Gloversvailletee ccs caer elaine 2 Bi) saancone | codes cbc 4 615
JOUNSLOWD A ek erie sessunto sane avolauhe rs ate | 4 aoe heads oie 4 723
MOnbinvalies Se eerie he Kk) Naples 2 78 5 | 5 88 11,192
89 5 | 6 100 13,014
| | ——————
Inttle Falls and Dolgeville Route

WM oloevalle sive honk trate ci ad aceec eines ets [ied ee acme Mpa eee eta fe i) 100
SAS OURY COnter agg sy sata gi.) sth ean. | Le any Hickeo OSE | 1 2 | 155
|__| jr \— i | | ———__—
1 1 | 1 3 | 255

| | —

feed OCU. and B. R- Route)
PG er/ Cree keys o siya Me pans soi Nsteisy oie aca | Wee ee eae Hpcsuevenstesa sae @ 891
Beaver Halla se. c.ryiionie sar exer see Le? © oy Aca er ae ci NO Ae teete ea | 136
Castorlandey yc tes UST REPO re yetin, Ne Mya Re ia gape 1 93
ECrochant nye yee a eee a ues LARD Me cyber 14 2,019
Glenfield esa) ot eres | INE) Fs ee Seat eal ay EE chee 15 2,126
Mowmilleceey ce eee er ran ean | iL" rut hee ad ea ae ee 1 1,427
WGVON SHAS sees cece nl erase en {S| eine sh ea Ate Al RS ee 8 | 1,149
Opdensburghtsec i weas see ee MUP Sale ecteret lt joie sages a 1 ae 100
Rortebey dennis sangre cena maar BEN aie ar Bic | seg oiceeeeae 2 254
UO TABENN Es we ieieuai teers dantd Recluse dee etd 3 [Selene le mick Gae 3 332
Stenlimewallenreiys crete eee eae LN cSt ean LE iL: | 130
|

(2 ae a Ree 64 | 8,657

Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Delaware and Hudson R. R.

STATION Carcass Saddle Heads
Ausable Horke Nays ve fos. haan ele fee ee Des) BS aa ee
Corinth Neel: CE Be eet OE Wp hed bee er ailee scale 2S Ce eae: 6
Dae yy oN Waren ra oe seeped ether ate a k e et ne et MUN pg eh irks FER TA gD ae te at i
WKWeeseville: ING Noi aiken, Seen ey ony Sear ie hanks amet ce aan ss (cle EERIE rons be E>
ake George SNeey cee i ee es ee en See Le | ie aie ee
Hoon’ bake SIN Yas: 52 PUaN ecco eee Gilprole if sean tee iin oh ka Bei a ke laicl algae «fined ae
yon Miata) Nie Vertis 2 case seni eee eae eee ae a ie se Sion aco cat eee
ING@rtb WO reekcrr ts Ne! Bt foe On CaM ae ae LRA Sct Mt ee 103 | 1 3
PIA GES Ure ho INR cr ie rene ae SN Ae uae hala tea key eae peas 118 Si een ase ee 2
Portrhlenryn wien y Gino eee cleses ac ite ia Ee see ig ieee eater 30
IREVCTSIGE SIN eV eee i Lhe 2 he tek PR EA ts ce a eee SOON Sida cee Le 5
SATAL OG ANSON oe ene ce arereiy < Sas nag 8 es Mt Oy ae Woe ee ee AL iid eer kT BA |) eee
SGAMGISIT PN Ne Shee ln chee cote coca es oleae sce ie Le aoe lc eel) Seen Se
Stony @reeloe Ne GY aioe cai ee Ae res eae SPs ae eee 1
BG AceleR, Nay Ne pincg orc = cies ha nn, Lion ee ae aren a Tee tee ete cee e 1S | sce § os ee ee ee
ARI CONG ENO PAIN Net sslee 5s oh cseee ee dine coe tes Bee eee ee PAG wee 4
WIVES UPD OT Gy Nite te esses Beep creat ne Ue ev eens ramen ek peel a A a, on 15
163 | 1 76
|
Recapitulation
STATION Carcass Saddle Head Total Weight
IMIR WL pte otene. coe cei note eae 623 49 25 697 85,429
IN Sues. es ORE ree or Mee eon) a Te 118 2 2 122 16,949
RoW: ee On (Gi ke As Rtedt so. 3 o> oe 169 | 20 16 205 25,059
Lenk haa all CURL! gai Ream Mir, SNR verde A 42 5 2 47 5,854
irc eat cog CRM at eo pert pod wy Coes et ata 89 5 6 100 13,014
1 Brie] TUASeC fel B Jie Be Bei ek oAi ior INA oh A Sera ba 1 1 1 3 255
Re Wier eee (is GoD Sta) week ce cole TOO ONS siemens [ene Aen 64 8,657
1,106 80 52 1,238 155 S217
1D) soc9e) S Wh 4500] 5 eae i Ra Dee en ARM 163 1 ‘(ctl ee re ye
Grand totals 2 aie ee 1,269 81 5 A | Pap ne 8 | a wn oe
| |

ee ee ee

CONSERVATION CoMMISSION

235

List oF DrER SHIPMENTS — WEIGHT 200 PoUNDS oR OVER

Weight Shipping station Consignee Destination
AN) is 2 LOTION fs ice ey ater sence ai ee Perkinse sei. sac css Potsdam.

2008 2Demicks eines ais aa WoW. Owensiri2) 2. 2) Cazenovia.

POO see a Wadawaska via jualin olan: Hee Mic@artemo. 7 3... Waddington.
A ree eee NOTION AT cnc Aer een a Rhee IB Snell kere ene a ei Dickenson Center.
PAG L)SEK saa Deva Vel cee eae Wenn. Slee pena Mas spr Dolley eet ray oo. | Buffalo.

UOP er NLOM Op ror eu nec ene a iraucacte nis! vis OP Wostert.. fe aac. coak Dickenson Center.
POO ANS TANG ONY Sn eeEN Ne US) eee DONG One y ii es ye oe Tupper Lake Jct.
200. Spring Covers vcysne sn. ee INIESAS Selene an Cal in ak: Norwood.

OOM e mlcalimahnt: | mic een ko Georze; Coe ns Scriba.

AMO ee tae LOOM WOO a she, a soeer ei saks 1 SVONI(C Fels! un rte, ai Be ga Albany.

Apes ye MULCWOLG oh. were orci eels ae Vic Be Saxton ine. ser Utica.

Ds aC himlcwold’ i. Me BP REA CKeGEN SEs Re aes Rochester.

DO ies ere @ Hal wOlass We aoe Sars b's Walliam: Paine ii). Brooklyn
Oe) NOULIMR a oe ea oe ee Jy STEM eet er eeu Vernon

Pees) DIAN GONG Wi) Lois Sams eeee ds JenmierD olen a8 Gs eles Buffalo

20 eee PRINS) COVE. ate A also > Jy Canaevedue eee. a. 4: Buffalo.

FA) 7 ten) Sat (Oy eles em ee Bante See ee INeeGevinke teases: Tupper Lake Jct.
POE 9) BigisMOOSE 2 .b i. f28 osc, s «ae os WiallkSlack sie heyy 2)... 2 Chenango Bridge.
AUQer | Big) MOOSE. cutee ee DiMrHoldridges ssc 1. 5.57 Schuyler Lake.
DADs: Cartberiss sheas ciswh sank oes. th 5 D. Edmondson......... Forestport.
PAligee cts VE OLEStPOLb 4155 ooic ces aoe os Aa Straiciiteetaiiosc) see Syracuse.
DOOmtae sHultom Chane is. .26. so. GiWe Baker ae) ne ee Cincinnati, Ohio.
Oe cre hnltonu Chaim). esses cnc. 2 Wi2Dehoomisiis.\ tri... Bainbridge, N. Y.
PAE) ELOTSESHOC's 00s cigclss «nk os JEW MIGOd Ni: vam sete ee Saranac Lake.
200.... Lake Clear Junction....... JAC lareye es etek ee Brooklyn
200.... Long Lake West.......... Dr. J. F. Wingenbach.... Utica.

PUA IMGS Views fe) See ee A Ie E. F. Vannuman....... Brooklyn.

Meet uepes AOE COME] Mids yids sabe ole Suc ia Jeb Arnolds 045 oer. Nyando.

Zee et PRETCCHENG as. owen Ge sis .)s + 6 Wi Aj Prentiss: 2s... 472): Penn Yan.
210.... Tupper Lake Junction..... Alex Kercher.......... Buffalo.

214.... White Lake Corners....... REUNTGOTE sic sce ana Remsen.
225.... White Lake Corners....... PPB UTTIS eee Soe eee a: New York.
200.... White Lake Corners....... Be Smibhieers we c leon aes Utica.

PU errs) ue Mepis BANS ie odo. cs ots 1 See RES es a oy RN me een Ossining.

iste Woanta Clara @nwlry Mess. %e) % AsiKirettes..2).61: .... Brooklyn.

200. Benson Mines............. 1 DNS od bab tn de) dedi ene hee Black River.

217 Benson Minesyse. e022). . PRB une. ee weer a. Rochester.
220)... Benson Mines! sinc 25.3 3. WE PE ame kt 8 ae Syracuse.

PUNE cee ERATTISWANOS oola4 iets iaic oe slats MS S.Viaynite..c.e. Limerick.
eae. eatrriswille sey” ole Soo Wes: Edwards . 252... Watertown.
Ores < WHGTTISVING. 55 3 soucee + 3. Heed ie 6 ee tates a8 Fulton.

200K 22 Newton Balls eros ves Bo*Rowland 2... Syracuse.

le se Newborn Balls ihy 4 ei.) Saenis ey: Ha As Gaye vince: ates. Great Bend.

Pal ae INewton sHallg oes Sa, Be OMBUShs 2 Seas veces Batavia.

Ai eee Newton alls cient. free Fatale £011 (1b cee aie we Sel Batavia.

2S 7 Newton Halls eyo aes 8 6 sacs ei SAVABO. 8 6 oils co ete Great Bend.
BIOS. Newton Pallsweo.. osc. eke @: Pattenden. 323.57. . =: Clay.

PGi a2» Newton Falls. 24 wccc souls Wills Curry s:)eije8 «. Avon.

BOON Oe LOMNStO WE) emer arte Maud @: Kopp... s..: Dresden.

205s), Cot Northvilleves sae ee ote ReeNewman sl. aoe Ey. New York.

BA g's NOt valle . 4 F.5 pcee eo seals ERS pittleree © yi. <j58 foie: New York.
De NOLFGMVINGs ce cer eae Ss EIR POINRISEES 6 oc cece os Mt. Vernon.
20 Gece’ Croghan, sa. Weedon gts: AGMiIbeclkeste ks 6) 508 Sent Brooklyn.

BOR ys: Grlenubields pus nee ea cisea ac BS ERO ROR ETS. os o65 5 oresay- Oswego.

ZOO. ts. Glen Preldy 2 aon. ee ee: BS HeewWiatson:. see Syracuse.
OSes Ueyonsy Malls So avoir cue y @uWwe Cragen. 2.) os. Camillus.
200. (North Creek ec a oe oe 1 Rl =) yet emia a ee Troy.

2004. hs... NorthiCreek 3) aan . as: Bats Garling soe th Schenectady.
AVSe ous" INOKGHE Cree kes are ay) aos os Charles A. MacHenry.... Brooklyn.

ZOOe. 4. (Standishe/aye see a oe he Bia Duchane 24%... Ghee ee Lyon Mountain.
BIOs ie sSuony Creeku ay euruce: ha. 1D aed 08 & Wt] RU Ree ear erie ao Schenectady.

236 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Hountine AccipENTS

The Commission issued instructions to its entire protective
force to report promptly and in detail on all hunting accidents,
with especial reference to hunters mistaken for deer, and great
care was taken to investigate all reports or allegations of dead does
left to rot in the woods. Such reports or allegations were uni-
formly found to be baseless or greatly exaggerated.

Up to the close of the deer season, reports from the protectors
showed that out of 19 fatal hunting accidents in the entire State
but two were killed through being mistaken for deer ; only five had
any connection whatever with deer hunting.

On October 17, William Schreyer, a guide of Tupper Lake,
was fatally shot at Shattick Clearing, near Axton, by Thomas
Lawrence, a New York city sportsman, who thought he was shoot-
ing at a deer, although he had hunted many seasons in the woods.
On November 3, Walter Vallier, also a guide, was killed by a
heedless shot fired by his own son at Star Lake in St. Lawrence
eounty. On October 13, Warner Briggs, of Coffins Mills, was
instantly killed by his friend, Grover Spencer, who firing at a
deer, missed it and hit his companion whom he did not see on
the opposite side of the trail. The bullet struck a tree and glanced.
Giles Jones, of Turin, while hunting deer, was killed by a bullet
from his own rifle, which was accidentally fired in some way un-
known. Frank Holmes, an Adirondack guide, was fatally
wounded by Eugene De Bronkhart, of New York, when a gun
which the latter was loading preparatory to starting on a deer
hunt was accidentally discharged.

From the reports received it is found that the vast majority
of accidents this season occurred to small game hunters, and that
a large majority of the casualties were due to the recklessness and
carelessness of the victims themselves.

The fatalities which had nothing to do with deer hunting were
as follows: October 2, Tony Cherry, East Buffalo, aged 42,
climbing fence, shot-gun accidentally discharged, right arm torn to
pieces, died in Batavia hospital, October 3; October 4, James
Hutchinson, Sonora, aged 18, climbing fence, shot-gun trigger
caught, shot taking effect in neck and head; October 4, Walter
Gardner, accidentally shot his brother while handling gun, Avoca,

he ede ee

ee ge ts

nn gl a MI Nl a a ie Oa oe Donne ieee

Fae

bo
oo)
~I

CONSERVATION COMMISSION

N. Y.; October 8, Robert Watson, Hornell, aged 22, preparing
to going into the woods to hunt, when in some way, he was shot
dead; it is said he was cleaning gun; October 10, Sirius W.
Berger, Putnam Valley, accidentally shot by a companion while
hunting; October 12, Miss Jessie Packer, aged 29, accidental
discharge of shot-gun in the hands of Charles J. Marshall, at the
home of her father, South Waterloo; October 12, Omar Mackey,
Flat Creek, accidentally shot himself while out hunting; according
to reports, he was drawing the gun toward him when it was dis-
charged, the shot entering his leg; died October 19 at the Oneonta
hospital, age 19; October 13, Robert Shore, town of Burke, almost
instantly killed when shot through thighs while hunting. Shore
had a double barrelled gun, fired one shot at a raccoon, the coon
fell to the ground and he started to club it with the butt of the
gun when the full barrel was discharged, killing him; October 20,
Frederick E. Hummel, age 15, Jamesville, shot while hunting
ducks, died while being taken to the Irving hospital; George F.
Murz, a young farmer of Rotterdam, hunting crows, resting butt
of shot-gun on ground, eun accidentally exploded, blowing off right
side of face; October 24, Merle Tremper, 16 years, accidentally
discharged shot-gun which he was carrying, shot blowing off part
of his right shoulder and part of his head; October 27, Ruth
Rowley, age 14, was in row boat hunting ducks with her father,
shot-gun accidentally discharged, shot taking effect just over the
girl’s heart; October 277, Clarence Burch, 16 years, fell from a
tree while hunting near Leonardsville, the gun being discharged
in the fall, contents entering body causing instant death; October
27, Harry Botts, Waterloo, age 14, accidentally shot by his com-
panion, Harold Flegley; November 3, Louise Clark, age 7, shot
by her brother Ernest, age 10, while playing in kitchen with a
pump-gun which was accidentally fired.

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

BUREAU OF MARINE FISHERIES

[239]

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ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

SUPERVISOR OF MARINE FISHERIES

Hon. THomas H. Guy, Deputy Conservation Commissioner :

I herewith transmit report of the Bureau of Marine Fisheries
for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1913, as required by
section 303, part 10 of the Conservation Law. I have endeavored
to have all details, statistics, etc., as appear on the records of
this bureau, presented comprehensively. Notwithstanding the
loss of revenue caused by the State in ceding its title of Jamaica
Bay properties to Greater New York, the revenues of this bureau
exceed that of the year previous, the finances being assisted, to
some extent, by the fact that as conditions existing in Jamaica
Bay prevent the expansion of the shellfish industry in these
waters, more attention is given to consideration of other parts of
the marine district.

Considerable acreage has been leased during the past year in
the Hudson and Kast rivers, in localities for a long time unused.
Planters beheve that these grounds, useless in their present state,
may be made profitable as seed ground, with proper cultivation.
Grounds leased during the last fiscal year exceed by five fold that
of the previous year, and appheations now on file and inquiries
concerning unleased grounds, indicate that the next annual report
will show a large increase in acreage leased above that contained
in the present statement.

If the provisions of sections 310 to 314, relating to sanitary
inspection of shellfish grounds, were carried out, it would be of

great benefit to the oyster industry, as an official certificate of

purity and wholesomeness would make welcome the shellfish

products of this State in markets accustomed to receive assurance

of the oyster’s fitness as food. This bureau has, during the past

year, had considerable correspondence with the board of health

of Greater New York concerning the citv’s health requirements
[241]

242 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

in marketing oysters, designed to co-operate between the State
and city, which is the principal market for our marine products.

Effort has been made during the past year to collect arrears
of taxes on shellfish grounds, final endeavor being the issuing
of sheriff's warrants in the various counties where lands are
located. ‘The greater portion of these warrants have been re-
turned unsatisfied, and as the cost of sale would generally exceed
the amount of tax, it might be advisable to amend the law bearing
on this subject, making it a simpler matter to have such lands
formally revert to the State.

The work of this bureau has been facilitated during the past
year in having the services of a competent surveyor, and all
grounds leased have been promptly surveyed and relocations made
when applied for. Leases for some of the lots surveyed during
the last few days of the fiscal year were not issued in time to
appear in this statement, but will appear in the next annual
report. Statement of the surveyor appears in full in this report.
If a suitable vessel were provided to this bureau, the services of
the surveyor could be made of added value to the State, in plotting
and examining the grounds of the marine district, establishing a
better system of signals, and verifying boundaries of lots already
granted.

Especial comment on the various classifications of this report
is probably not necessary, as each class is presented in detail and
a summary of totals is appended.

Considering the loss of Jamaica Bay revenues, the financial
showing for the year is satisfactory and indications are that a
further increase will be shown in the next annual report.

| Yours very respectfully,
EDWIN BAILEY,
| Supervisor.
Dated, New Yorx, December 1, 1913.

SURVEYOR’S REPORT

November 21, 1913.
Hon. Epwry Barney, Supervisor, bureau of Marie Fisheries,
Conservation Comnussion, New York City:

Dear Sir.— The following is the report of the surveys made
in connection with the location of the lands under water in the
State of New York used for oyster cultivation during the fiscal
year ending September 30, 1913.

Appended hereto is a lst of the forty-two lots surveyed, show-
ing a total area of 2,917.8 acres, the larger part of which are
in Raritan Bay.

Besides the work done in surveying and mapping the above
grounds, a reconnaissance was made of the oyster grounds in
Greata South Bay and detailed lists made of all the individual
lots, the total area of which is 7,549.26 acres. The triangulation
signals on Staten Island were inspected, repaired and painted.
Some of the signals on the north shore of Long Island were in-
spected and the majority found to be in good condition. As the
Conservation Commission’s boat “* Olive” was placed at my dis-
posal for only a few days this inspection was not completed, but
should be in the immediate future.

Application has been made tor relocation surveys of oyster
grounds in Smithtown Bay where most of the signals have been
destroyed. It will be impossible to make these surveys and re-
establish the signals until a boat is available for use by the sur-
veyor.

The maps and note-books of all former surveys have been in-
dexed and filed, tracings made of the maps, and blue prints placed
on file in the Albany office. Lists have been made of all lots
which have been assigned back to the State of New York, and
these lists made available to the oyster men. .

During the past year there were leased 657.2 acres of ground
in the Hudson river. No triangulation or polyconic projection
has ever been made in this locality, and if applications continue

[243]

944 TuHirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

to be made for grounds in the Hudson river it would seem ad-
visable that a triangulation survey be made.
Respectfully submitted,

EDWARD H. SARGENT,

Surveyor, Bureau of Marine Fisheries, Conservation Commission.

SURVEYS FOR NEw LEASES
September 30, 1912, to September 30, 1913.

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LESSEE Lot No.
New York Oyster Co.......... 5
Seep Wlerrelli cs Gn ees fae es ee 6
New. York Oyster Co......:.... *7
New work Oyster Co... 4. :.-.).. 8
New York Oyster Co........... *9
New York Oyster Co........... 10
New York Oyster Co........... 11
New York Oyster Co........... *12
New York Oyster Co........... *13
New York Oyster Co........... *]-
New York Oyster Co........... *1-B
Avcustus)} Ge Maller. 20% oa. sae 327 |
By Dawud his siete. - See Townships |
n 1154
S| 2254
ep en DOWNES sec wie ake oer 2 } Township
3 | 5558
Cd DRS Tr Rage ec aia: kg ® 1000
Pausch Bros. Oyster Co........ cal 989
Pausch Bros. Oyster Co........ 990
New. York Oyster Co........... 926
Asal. Merrell, saints . cewek 993
@Whrigttan Wialle.n acest: voce os 1001
Geo: Marshall. ei See ee *1002
Alex Hranersecr ict nee ech 1005
whomsg Hassete. 24). Seles ieswres 999
INew Mork /Ovyster'Cot. cc... kc 1006
A OSHBTaAReN ae 6 aise chek ons 1007
A fedd Ora Shr U1 be Sean a i hs 4 Se 1008
New York Oyster Co........... 1009
Frazer & Houghwout.......... 1010
AlexcHranense ts ebiniwcr el ne 1011
ATOXOHTAZOEy sec tase.) pment: 1012
Clarence DeHart.. .. 5 okies 1013
JheMerrell ee as ees 1014
Clarence" DeHart. 62. % 6) 5 anew 1015
Sips larshalltem a Ack cr saci ¢ 1016
Agelsh. Morrell. on fuss asc ast 1017
Pausch Bros. Oyster Co........ 1018
Pausch Bros. Oyster Co........ | 1019
Pausch Bros. Oyster Co........ 1020
Geo: 'M. Stk hc ae on ek 1021
New York Oyster Co........... 1022
‘Thomas Hassett: 220-0 te eee *1023
New York Oyster Co........... *1024
|
Total acreage... 7526. necee ean ha
Grand ‘total: 32.2. ole es

* Lease not yet executed.

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CONSERVATION CoMMISSION 245

OYSTER GROUNDS APPLIED FOR AND GRANTED AT $2 PreR AcRE
PER ANNUM

For Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 1913

Application

number Name Location Acres
LOD Fete. John’ Merrell ye ya ae. Raritambayy.. i wns 50
SZ Talia: Frazer & Howell.............. Raritan bay... 0eck oo. 30
TPZ eae Brazen lowell) iso) ox. fee's a Raritanybayers 60... . 10
TO QB iG uits. Alexander Frazer Co........... (FRATIGAMPDS Visi ret sac): 150
OPO sa cate. Alexander Frazer Co........... Raritan Dayne waa 150
HOBO ee. Tis Leben tS) al bP ee BER eet eTE Da eae VaritanuDayirmh co ccc 50
iOS) i New York Oyster Co.......... RaritanvDay we. | ee 40
HORA sheet: New York Oyster Co.......... FUATIGAM DAY irs ko cic. 25
HOS Alexander Frazer Co........... Raritansbay see. rk: 150
LOBE Ares New York Oyster Co.......... EuGSonenivers.):o he) 0). 400
MSOs Menkes Clarence De Harty. si .c4.. 25% Rariganibayenc.) oo) 6. 130
BOSO. oy ees us Jonnels Mierrellis oie 08 ano: RarIbaMyOa Ves tet cher 30
(92577 Saree Clarence) De Harty. 0.4 .k.66 os VATA DY Neh ase es 220
MOBS oo hays Pausch Bros. Oyster Co........ RariganyO ave in ean 10’)
19395). 0.0). bausceh. ross Oyster’ Co:d.. 7... . FISTIPAM DAYe cis so ieiate ae 100
(5) ee Pausch Bros. Oyster Co........ ERATIUANED AV) h es cite ioe 2 100
OAT Ses. CGemVIRRS Gillean: chee Riccin VATIGAMYDAYi lc ee saat 25
OA oC oott accor Aelone Merrell pew ota FRAT UG AMIMO AVE nts cis ale shld - 90
MOAS cect ie Avel Re Merrell aie. ooo. eo). aritanibayan) os. een: 79
NOAA ies: John Merrell yes i 0.0 Fardsonrerivers. oe. 2: 6
MB eicha ats. % New York Oyster’'Co. ) 02... RATIGANY DAY fe ces: 30
NOHO ies News WorkiOvyster ©o. 3.5... Eudson river). . 5... 0. 50
11.02 Ae eee nee New York ‘Oyster @o.... 2.55... Hudson rivers... oJ... .. 50
TOAS Cosi = « New York Oyster'Co... 225... : Hudsonyriver. 6. 522. 3C
HOA... e/a New York Oyster Co.......... udsonirivernss 22... .: 10
TOG Eee New York Oyster Co. 2.005600. TG SOM FIVER) 6. ae. 30
1\0)5)1 ae ee New York Oyster Co.......... Ta SOnPTIVeRa. Cee 4
BOD ccs Bi New York Oyster Co.......... RINGson iver Yee: . 5

246 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

LEASES EXECUTED AND NUMBER OF ACRES LEASED FROM OCTOBER

1, 1912, ro OcToBER 1, 1913

LEASE NO. Lot No. Location Acres Name
aS es Ui eee 913 | Raritan bay...... 42.6 | Sealshipt Oyster System.
LE Va ES Ae ae, Ot O17 “| Raritan bay... ..- 11.4 | Polworth & Elsworth.
aa Gone cnene See 915 | Raritan bay...... 45.8 | Polworth & Elsworth.
TE EA ee ee 1004 | Raritan bay... sic. 21.4 | John I. Merrell.
1b 6 RR nrc it | 1005 | Raritan bay...... 30.0 | Alex. Frazer Co.
MSO ae aye ne SIG Raritanibay. <5... 44.2 | New York Oyster Co.
NAS Tit ey CATO Re 918 Raritan bay...... 12.8 | New York Oyster Co.
HESS eee in ee 1006 | Raritan bay...... 101.8 | New York Oyster Co.
WARGO. rd tk 1007 | Raritan bay...... 10.0 | Alex. Frazer Co.
12: VT EAR, AG Na pd 924 | Raritan bay...... 58.2 | Sealshipt Oyster System.
12 Aen ae 999 Raritan bay...... 202.4 | Thomas Hassett, Jr.
1 ies eRe taA 926 | Raritan bay...... 39.4 | New York Oyster Co.
LS nitions stich tre 1009 | Raritan bay...... 45.0 | New York Oyster Co.
(1b Ss ee eae 1010 | Raritan bay...... 30.0 | Frazer & Houghwout.
LAA eerie tre 1OLT A Ramtanibay s/o... 152.1 | Alex. Frazer Co.
TAA Oe es ey 1012 | Raritan bay...... 185.1 | Alex. C. Frazer.
Tc! Ae alee ts oe eo) 1008 Raritan bay. . 50.0 | J. E. Still.
Hea epee ee Ore eae ou 1016 | Raritan bay...... 2.2 | Henry S. Marshall.
AA OR tet ee 1001 | Raritan bay...... 4.2 | Christian Walle.
AHO! ee aera 1019) Raritan bay... 2 3: 46.3 | Pausch Bros. Oyster Co.
Tig: (G9) aaa | Sa Bi 1018 | Raritan bay...... 75.5 | Pausch Bros. Oyster Co.
ps UGS) Ri ah IAT sh he Sate 1020) (Raritanjinay.....-: 91.8 | Pausch Bros. Oyster Co.
Ig Gye) Ae Rey eae ic 10138 | Raritan bay...... 101.6 | Clarence De Hart.
PAO ck cau etc 1015 | Raritan bay...... 220.0 | Clarence De Hart.
Ly: Nats ener sik 2 eta 327 East Chester bay.. 2.1 | Aug. G. Miller.
WeOOre et ete 1014 | Raritan bay...... 14.5 | John I. Merrell.
LIP ay eae Ned Sh be eve a 1021) Ramtan.bay...... 29.7.| Geo. M. Still.
TAD ay. dyoeve rae casa 5 | Hudson river..... 284.0 | New York Oyster Co.
ASO So) on ak 6 Hudson river..... 4.5 | John I. Merrell.
TEGO ere cease crate 1022) | Raritan bay......| 33.9 | New York Oyster Co.
LNG) PORES aero 5 a 102.) Rantan bay... .- 73.7 | Alex. F. Merrell.
TAGR a re ee 993 | Raritan bay...... 89.4 | Alex. F. Merrcll.
AGS Re secede 920 . Raritan bay...... 7.2 | William H. Lockwood.
Ue hae Aten tane seen 11 ' Hudson river..... 12.2 | New York Oyster Co.
WAGHS 2 hy sccutrse chee 919 | Raritan bay...... 14.4 | John I. Merrell.
TAGGR. tre ees 8 | Hudson river..... 4.1 | New York Oyster Co.
UA Gis we eats oe. 10 Hudson river..... | 2.1 | New York Oyster Co.

2,195.6

STATEMENT OF OystTER GrRouNDS HrELp UnprER LEASE or FRAN-

CHISE

Acres Dax.
COONS eters: o's Bint arene t 13,019.2 $3,254 80
Schedule pam sas 4. ewes vos 2,610.45 652) Gn
Belvedere. eRe og 2s 16,035.6 4,008 90
Rota lc” ‘a pepe eA sere = cs 5 31,665.25 $7,916 31

CONSERVATION COMMISSION

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ZI6I ‘T ‘290
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ZI6I ‘IT ‘90
ZI6I‘T “390
ZI61 ‘T 390
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ZI61 ‘I “290
ZI61 ‘T ‘190
ZI61 ‘T ‘990
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ZI6I ‘IT 390
ZI61L ‘IT “290
ZI61I ‘IT ‘990
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ZI61‘T “290
ZI61‘T 390
ZI6I ‘I 990
ZI6I ‘I 290
ZI6I ‘I “990
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ZI6I ‘T ‘990
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CoNSERVATION COMMISSION

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CoNSERVATION ComMISSION

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280

SS. ES SS SSS

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(papnjouo)) — ..O,, TInaHHOg

CONSERVATION CoMMISSION 281

Francuises ASSIGNED TO THE STATE oF New York During
Fiscan YEAR Enpine SEPTEMBER 30, 1913

Lot Location Name Acres

TT ores heat Raritan ba vere: pack sel. WE Bs Tottemacesies). .shuss. 6.8
Gooey iRanitanibayeee. yeaa: Charles Bogardus 2440. 5735). 7.4
DOD rele es ssh aritvamy Day, 4c /yeran. oes J. & J. W. Elsworth Co........ 9.2
Dee wena VATAPAMGOAW . 15) 4, c.gsacits 5c Jade We Elsworth Con.) is: 13.9
TAI ene ee Raritan Day. ©: 9. 4s... 6: Jencadia Wire Bisworth:@on. 4). 5. 7.6
OLD) he seco e Ra rIban sO Ay.!s 1 fy ehe Gc heine Jit. Wie BlsworthyCon 5.2). 14.9

Meese 82, sic 3. 302 Raritan Day. o. sess. J. & J. W. Elsworth Co........ 76.

Zk RS a eee RVaTiban avis 2s scree s Polworth & Elsworth.......... le
147.8

Leasts ASSIGNED TO THE STATE oF New York Durine Fiscan
Year Enpine SEPTEMBER 380, 1913

Lot Location Name Acres
LSP) Renee aribans bayer so: sone. R. W. & W. W. LaForge....... 1.2
75 Sa ae East Chester bay........ Robenvulee ws ces. 8 © elds cineine © 9.2
PAROLES L..3 East Chester bay........ HOG laser sett. 2 SAub a apne 2300
GaaR aE ess. Raritan: bayis a5 4-04. 3 New York Oyster Co.......-.. 42.8
Deven es Long Island sound....... Bea E ED) OWTIS RRO eae elspa ene 125.
RIOVE He eich Long Island sound....... Millsicontker: 5. 2. 5c 5.082 eos 193.
SEN ey Eee Long Island sound...... Oyster Bay Oyster Co......... 145.
Sevatestir. ke 25% Long Island sound....... Oyster Bay Oyster Co......... 30.
1) bea Pelham Day serne. > as ae James A. Deveaugh............ 12.4
Ste ae Long Island sound....... RichardaMiecHilard’,. 2. .es5.6° 10.
1 Ao) See ong Island sound.;...... Richard@\f. Billard) 22. 2.02. 4.8
SEN) ae Long Island sound....... Walhiam Jains nh 5 oso sors: 50.
647.

Rents CoLtectrep During THE FISCAL YEAR FOR LEASES THAT
Fatt Dur at IRREGULAR PERIODS EXTENDING TO CoRRE-
SPONDING DaTsEs In 1914

Schedule “A”

Name Lot Date Amount
iPauseh Bros: Oyster Cox . i cmaccee. ss cins sw: 117 Jan. 9, 1913 $4 40
Pausch’ Bros. Oyster: COs cases sass sane e tee 315 Mar. 11, 1913 we 20
Sealshipt Oyster System.................... 924 Mar. 27, 1913 116 40
NewYork ‘Oyster Cori ss. scissile Salers ores 926 April 29, 1913 78 80
News York Oyster: Cow yi/s28sae cas souks ee ee 1009 April 29, 1913 90 00
Rausch? Bross Oyster Con sjca5o.emste ame ce: Sev. May 9, 1913 37 50
Pausch Bros:/Oyster Cos oe egokedene esc: Sev. May 9, 1913 24 55
Pausch) BrosuOyster Cols semesgesies seas ses 108 May 9, 1913 6 25
mMlexanden, ©. ETaAZers 5 o)c ewer Gene eae ls 1012 May 10, 1913 370 20
Clarence: Deviant!) Seah eteee nei cee 1013 May 13, 1913 202 00
Clarence Der Harti oo ae ekg arise con aie aeee 1015 May 13, 1912 440 00
JonnnlMerrelle: xs santa sei cue eee 1014 June 18, 1913 29 00
Pausch’ Brosa Oyster Couaueiesen saceaeincse co Sev. June 18, 1913 15 63
Chase Zoran sk yd eee eer sie 308 June 19, 1913 1 00

Geos Mi Stirs.) ih eee wees sae nie 6.516) cso 1021 July 3, 1913 59 40

«

282 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Rents Cotiectep During THE FiscaL YEAR FOR LEASES THAT
Fatt Dus at IRREGULAR PERIopsS EXTENDING TO CoRRESPOND-
ing Datzs 1n 1914 — (Concluded)

Name Lot Date Amount

Pausch Bros/Oyster Gor. piece cr es 1018 July 3, 1913 $151 00
Pausch BrosOvater Coe): eee 1019 July 3, 1913 92 60
Pausch Bras sOyster Won... cn mciesoee sak 1020 July 3, 19138 183 60
New York Oyster Gov wn trast Co ten ee ee 5 July 8, 1913 568 00
Witnkl, Decker ode itera cot ernie cialis aeevereree 920 July 16, 1913 14 40
New York @yater (Gc cr cmc sme kas on ee 1022 July 24, 1913 ' 67 80
John T Merbelheiy occas en ei tiene eee 6 July 24, 1913 9 00
Johnel, AMierrellllcey.7 es cake chen hse eet emcee 919 Aug. 15, 1913 28 80
New, MOrkeOvster CO, cc tis esac me eee 11 Sept. 30, 1913 24 40
New York Oyster: Gow), . obec alge pee eet 8 Sept. 30, 1913 8 20
New: York Oyster, Gowan. cnc. ee ek wee 10 Sept. 30, 1913 4 20
Azeliy MViorrelly of ciate. ek dre ate eB RE 1017 Sept. 30, 1913 147 40
AE) BINT ORr GN och lc a's ee, cm, Sng Die eles bares hein ete 993 Sept. 30, 1913 178 80

$3,028 93

Rents Dur anp CoLLEcTED For Current YEAR, OcTOBER 1,
1913, ro -Octosmm 1.1918

Schedule “ B”

Name Date Lease No. Amount
Gee: W. Robinson 4 .22sh6eka wetness Oct. 4, 1912 1426 $6 00
Androvette & Thompson «.« <i sae sas one Oct. 4, 1912 1088 18 00
Androvette & Thompson............... Oct. 4, 1912 1335 40 00
Androvette & Thompson... s2. 2004-28. Oct. 4, 1912 1336 46 40
Bos VT, Ge oe a Oe A ee Oct. 4, 1912 556 2 60
ESSE NG AOIGIEM or oe sec, gc meh aomertn gs eee Oct. 5, 1912 1365 4 40
HENOG| oe aig: (6 i gan pany Enh AVHRR IEM SOON tates Pape ty Oct. 5, 1912 745 6 90
Di GH. Ovster Cow. 27. oe sis eae Oct. 7, 1912 736 21 50
Toh We. of. eee eke. OE BORE. 2. Oct. 8, 1912 Bow 6715
Wieser gee Ol ROUM ssc essa « we caeaeade oop te he et. 8 191s 588 14 50
has) Weber =). 7.0 e areal ku eee, Oct... 8, 1912 1360 3 20
CHES ERE Ree Pea aCe ped Maes Oct. 8, 1912 1362 1 20
Pier a oa eos teste th ihe nunny. stares Oct. 9, 1912 624 26 50
Howard: Gould yy cece. as axle Sh erie Octs. «Oi 1912 625 6 40
Chas: Olneing iA eels Pin ce an Oct. 9, 1912 1361 4 40
Polworth & EISwarnie sy). oe ete sos sce es Oct. 10, 1912 292 38
Polworth & Hlsworth). {035 os). mess 2 3 + Oct. 10, 1912 300 80
Polworth i& Blsworthi at pe was ss oc ss Oct. 10, 1912 586 3 13
Polworth:& Blaworitsees:., eases s+ ss Oct. 10, 1912 644 55
Polworth & Bilewotinse.. esate 6. see Oct. 10, 1912 645 2 30
Polworth-& Jelsworthc, cenit sees- = = Oct. 10, 1912 725 4 50
Polwvorth: és Hulsworuh.. pa. eee sss Oct. 10, 1912 724 13 50
(Bimothy To Motte ° .. we eee ess ss Oct. 10, 1912 1355 2 40
Josiah ‘Thompson 2, «.. bats eens ss a> - Oct. 10, 1912 703 1 10
Josigh Thompson »..:..%):.22 se Aue hess Oct. 10, 1912 704 35
Josiah’ Thompsons; | io Sueno n> Oct. 10, 1912 551 4 55
Josiah ‘Thompson icc us ck 2 eee Oct. 10, 1912 1367 10 40
Daniel Burbank. 's..;:. 02: eee ek Oct. 11, 1912 1084 39 60
Wiliam. Buddielk .... 5, 2). = seein 2 Oct. 16, 1912 Laz 1 50
New York Oyster (Go. oo. seen ae Oct. 18, 1912 293 90
New York OysterCe. i. o... . season ane Oct. 18, 1912 301 3 96

New York Oyster/Co.: = .254.. 5s eee ee Oct. 18, 1912 545 12.45

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION

283

Rents Duk anp COLLECTED FoR CURRENT YEAR — (Continued)

Name
iNewsvork Oyster: Coin ie te oko. Sees Oct.
INews Work Oyster: Cox.) cis Je seee etree: Oct.
INewsviork: Oyster ©o oaiias ose Mees Sie Oct.
INewsY ork’ Oyster Cowes 4. eae ees ai Oct.
News York Oyster Co: os. 20s fees be Oct.
News vvorks Ovsteri CG. sh ca sass ks Oct.
INewaVOnkiOustertCO ic. Lees) ein). eae Oct.
INewa ork Oyster! Co.) 25. s ek Benes Oct.
INewaviork OvsteriCo 3c) Sc 2S ae. dae Oct.
INewevork OvsteriCo... 30. 2s so i Oct.
Neve ork Oysteri\Co..c5 2... O23. Ha hae Oct.
INewpriork OystertCos. is. ofa ecb ae Oct.
News Work Oyster! Co... 22.0 on. 00. oe. Oct.
NeweVorksOy ster Co)... si!) AMES ors ee Oct.
Newsvork: Oyster! Co. :.. 0.5. f2eae hs « ae Oct.
INewework Oyster Con... ues eb ks fad Oct.
News vork Oyster’ Coes. i64. sk oes wins Se Oct.
INewax ork Oyster Co. . 6.05. 686g aac 3 seis Oct.
INiewmmcorks Oyster CO). 4.4 be ee vee Oct.
Mews Monk Oyster Co .h. is eh ee eno eee ak Oct.
Rolworcthw a WIswOrth: ). 0 6.. 2sices eons Oct.
Polworth & Elsworth: . 6. ocscc5.0 5. 06s Oct.
ILS) LL BISCO) Ces ae an RR Pe so Oct.
lGarsploarsons pete Closes eins StS es uae Oct
[Par SeIGARSOML Ee Se ae SSE: oa) a Oct
ean VionvAthmen. : 6). os ne AB eee Oct
evan: Vion Alnmen 4. kee aed eo aks Oct
PAM WonvAhnen. 2). 4:6. Shee s Os shoe Oct
nana. Wom -Aihneni ss o's Kaas c Gao asec Oct.
Py oVonvAhnen. 2... see. OY nso Oct.
PMN OMWA DTIC S 66.5 css se aR tye es eed Oecd Oct
VINCE LEQ NSXGL OLE) 0) 6):<) Si a Oct
Est. of Herman Von Ahnen............. Oct.
Hist. of Herman Von Ahnen............. Oct.
Hist.of Herman Von Ahnen.......«..... Oct.
Fist. of Herman Von Ahnen............. Oct.
Est. of Herman Von Ahnen............. Oct.
Ieee Alona Ge eo! 22) id Bye cme «ya td Oct.
(Cini [Earshot Nea ns i ge Pe OPN cea ae Oct.
Orn mseersiaet aaty Bi ilies Ot oe ay Kia Ae aye) a Oct.
OaElBCerre VEMNE 6 hac oes HMRI ee Sia, a Oct.
‘Nita, (Gag ope Co biya'0c | ee ee on Te Oct
aeranry Crs eA ery ue ot 0 es See ye a ie ae Oct
apm. eA EN ye Me. 6 Ae Sick ge ecole eg ae Oct
Jorn Allens se oi. Fr 8). eerie ee ap Oct
Sorrel: 4: UNRGa Me he bie, eae core cg 2 Ae Oct
omit e lie Nee Seis. One Za ele ana alle Oct
Sealshipt Oyster System................. Oct.
Sealshipt Oyster System................ Oct.
Sealshipt Oyster System....:........... Oct.
Sealshipt Oyster System. 220 s)504.5.. 5 Oct.
Sealshipt Oyster System................ Oct.
Sealshipt Oyster System................ Oct.
Sealshipt Oyster System................ Oct.
Varta Js aIVEic Gone is ya. See one as ce Oct.
AG NUT dO WMS ONE Dy: -\..1< an ea nee eae) ah cere Oct.
ie BUD OWNS gues 36.5 Ske Sebo mis crore Oct.
BES Be) OWNS eae ae, 2 sins Cee ce: noc:
John le-Merrelligs:. coc. See ee eae Oct

Date

18, 1912
18, 1912
18, 1912
18, 1912
18, 1912
18, 1912
18, 1912
18, 1912
18, 1912
18, 1912
18, 1912
18, 1912
18, 1912
18, 1912
18, 1912
18, 1912
18, 1912
18, 1912
18, 1912
18, 1912
18, 1912
18, 1912
18, 1912

. 18, 1912
le 1
oi) 1919
Oi oe
| 2 1919

21, 1912
21, 1912

~ 11919
ee ote

21, 1912
91, 1912
21, 1912
Paes
91, 1912
21, 1912
21, 1912

DieioiD

91, 1912

imi 1012
. 22,1912
99, 19019
1799, 1919
: 92: 1912
. 22,1912

22, 1912
92, 1912
92, 1912
22, 1912
22, 1912
22, 1912
22,1912
22, 1912
22,1912
26, 1912
26, 1912

920; LOL

Lease No.

587
680
681
682
694
695
705
706
707
709
714

Te.

726

727
1164
1165
1166
1321
1384

Amount

— — :
COOPN RPK OR OCONEE KH OOor
(02)

(an)

284 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Rents Dus AND CoLLECTED FoR CURRENT YEAR — (Continued)

Name Date
Elmer I: Palmenc’. 20.2: ss saree Oct. 29, 1912
Elmer 1... Palmer. 205 eee Oct. 29, 1912
Himer 1. Palmer... macs hoe eee Oct. 29, 1912
Eimer f. ‘Palmer... “san. toa genta eet Oct. 29, 1912
Himer a. Palmeryv- o. eye eeee eeeeiee Oct. 29, 1912
Richard Johnsons serrate eee ee Oct. 29, 1912
Richard. Johnsenis oss eee eee ee Oct. 29, 1912
Mary Johinsoneeer cdicn an.) eee ar Oct. 29, 1912
C. Josephine Bigrs: 2c uo eas oP Oct. 29, 1912
Cy Josephine Hipes sc ic. See ea See Oct. 29, 1912
CG OSepmine rims. 4 le i SO ee cee Oct. 29, 1912
CRVOSCPRINE BIER S 5s Sk enue cee Oct. 29, 1912
Gy JOSEPHINE SbIGOR lk he om Shiela ee Oct. 29, 1912
Am Mae AEl cian sick 4 ckreiie ete ae hee Meee Nov. 2, 1912
Ne SrpAckerly a Son Coxon. eto. cae Nov. 2, 1912
Wis: Ackerly a oon Won. eee. Nov. 2, 1912
Weber & .Derenhardt). ci. ce ohn no Nov. 2, 1912
New. Mork OysteriCey. i. icass eee ee Nov. 8, 1912
New cork Oyster: Caos) ean eae Nov. 8, 1912
He He Maekeviees. com ee cae emer ne Nov. 8, 1912
Bay Ei Mipelke gee a5 chawh's me eens oer Nov. 8, 1912
Bae Miackeyer.: fscrs Soe eee nee ee Nov 8, 1912
PNUITGG FONG. te aee oo sk ek See eee See Nov. 8, 1912
Puents Co Jones. coin De ake Nov. 8, 1912
A TB Nake Sais aie ae sits eee Nov. 8, 1912
Chas Coweta c. . 6. can- ste soe eee ee Nov. 8, 1912
Elenry: SDDS aes see eae ae ogi Nov. 8, 1912
Henryistibbsi was. 062 dak kates eee Nov. 8, 1912
LAC LO evs Me cape 2 | Ce) cote nee ane Rr acl Re gal Nov. 8, 1912
Sealshipt Oyster System................ Nov. 18, 1912
Sealshipt Oyster System................ Nov. 18, 1912
Loundes; Mills @ Oekers.... 0006 a0s te os Nov. 18, 1912
SNOT hes EM ats as Sk a vce ae tad eee Nov. 18, 1912
Loundes, Slits i TGGrn sy .s.c.0c, 42 een cnet Nov. 20, 1912
Loundes, Mills.é; Phorm. ..°. 52. 4m so} Nov. 20, 1912
Loundes, Malis Thom..¢. 25-25 f.c26. 3s Nov. 20, 1912
Loundes; Mills Thorn .:.00% 5 esse 5 o Nov. 20, 1912
Maia ee cGURGER: sc a dicla dn,vccens eee Nov. 20, 1912
Wis Ge AOU es. 3h ocd co oe erate sie aes Nov. 20, 1912
Mialisinds TUM eesy oo 21> vices} eee edeaa ee Nov. 20, 1912
Wine) a 50 wpa ty enero Nov. 20, 1912
Warned MEM oie ain: o's. ce) le cuse core ene mame gs Nov. 20, 1912
Wina. J. DS Sosa SNe acd ae ee Nov. 20, 1912
Wann, Ji ES oo say nba oy me ene Nov. 20, 1912
Wom, Jo IV Soo so. 5 cles casa! > pee eee ae Nov. 20, 1912
Bayles, Bumstead & Fletcher........... Nov. 29, 1912
Matineeock. OysterOo. .. 0.0 «apes oe Nov. 29, 1912
Matinecock Oyster Co.........0s50ess>~ Nov. 29, 1912
Matinecock Oyster.Co:. .. .<\ ),. pepe Nov. 29, 1912
Bayless: PRORA S) cias aclcs stage oy oe ee Nov. 29, 1912
Bayles @& \Rorme:.. cs ic ss sean eee Nov. 29, 1912
Bayles & Thorns... <.. cs tees eee Nov. 29, 1912
Geoi Mis Stil, cp o3.<. sc 2 wes Ae ee ee Dec. 19, 1912
Gen. Mi Shilo) o's secs o sence ee eee Dec. 19, 1912
Geo. Mo Still, goes 5.5 $s enue + eee Dec. 19, 1912
New York Oyster Co... 2: «0: ¢2 scene Dec. 19, 1912
New. York Oyster-Wo.:. 5... ota eee ee Dec. 19, 1912
Alexander Wrazer (CG .).. . cco dee se Dec. 21, 1912
John, MM. Bennercn.s..<ans sas eee Feb. 8, 1913
John Mi. Benner3.s 3505 soc. he ne eee Feb. 8, 1913

Lease No.

692
700
732
733
739
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1021

Amount

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 285

Rents Dur anp CoLLecTED ror Current Yrar — (Concluded)

Name Date Lease No. Amount
Johny VMMBennenssase seas ies. kee es Feb. 8, 1913 633 $13 50
PohmuVitspennetecicc.c. ois i leno nate Feb. 8, 1913 634 7 60
Johny Vis Benmneney ai) sane: orci racy ote che sare Feb. 8, 1913 635 60 60
Jonnie Benner emetic tet ey cre ces Feb. 8, 1913 637 23 85
ohn Vie Bennet: spancy ch at soak te anh ana Feb. 8, 1913 638 16 35
Ole Vie eMMeMnin it pias cael ict. wo, sands Feb. 8, 1913 639 4 40
‘Veo erat Mi G1 Bei 012) 2 ear aaa les ea a ae Feb. 8, 1913 712 04 05
one) Bennet ss,. sins sete hk wate Feb. 8, 1913 713 29 55
Jo) nial) NM Goel Be) 01002) Sea en ee are Feb. 8, 1913 720 41 10
Naame bennmer ent fc.s su ete oe ocaleeuy » Feb. 8, 1913 721 45 00
OMEN IGM eMMeE yi... . a cle chee crac wiebee « Feb. 8, 1913 734 19 25
Jroleitiy YU BYE 0001) eee ea En ian ac ae Feb. 8, 1913 1071 240 40
OMe ISETINEIe 515 sc as duets tasters whe Feb. 8, 1913 1094 840 00
Oui Tay be A BYeS 000) ae A Me Feb. 8, 1913 1116 300 00
Nomen Bentieree 270). 5 clenched «nea Feb. 8, 1913 EL 7, 685 20
Bi eel LockwOOds. > c.'. «2. stein Zoli Feb. 8, 1913 295 1°53
Nipple WockwGOOMe...: «142 c2een oe. iad ss Feb. 8, 1913 538 95
RV pales WOCkWOOGs cso: tac > se belek edie ao Feb. 8, 1913 543 38 80
Rupees bock woods: . as « sas aide sink: seleted ve Feb. 8, 1912 683 9 00
Wee Wock wood. 4 i.665 bie cals sesh a s Feb. 8, 1913 684 9 85
iauseh, Bros: Oyster Co... 2 062.05.0)c85% Feb. 8, 1913 640 29 15
Sandan Oveber CO... 0. Ab eskie doe alee - Feb. 8, 1913 1341 10 00
Sranaara Ovster- Co: .).'...'. 2s ee ase fe Feb. 8, 1913 1342 12 60
Sirandara Ovster Oo. i... eh ese.) Feb. 8, 1913 1343 8 40
Siaucard Oveter Co... 5... sees. 28} Feb. 8, 1913 1344 8 60
Hentyeo: Warsnally. 0... ae es = olen: Feb. 18, 1913 728 75
Elonryis..viarsmall) 9 0). iess .te sates): Feb. 18, 1913 730 75
TOME MUSMUCATY.2,4 . «42120 seeheh wd « elea a Mar. 11, 1913 1359 4 40
Seer WAS a bee eatekay 8) ond, 2 Suse pte eM tee snllhe be Mar. 13, 1913 1411 100 00
NVICHAT GM Ve MHL ATG 5:2 os shettnie-o k eetcie ds Mar. 17, 1913 1349 20 00
ESI CLEVET NY Eas 0) 1c (a Se Re Mar. 17, 1913 1346 9 60
HEGMIS ESTOS MMi a Urn, <4 oa, cette otis sonore s Mar. 27, 1913 7Al 5 15
HUORWISEISTOS eR py. tA. ss ac acces ole eet Mar. 27, 1913 742 21 05
CLE OME PAZEMy Hic ts aie, cs) dteseey ote) sche abs Mar. 29, 1913 1409 208 80
PMLEXATIG Cre EAZEDr GO... 6. sscldet stole rotoe bs Mar. 29, 1913 1408 164 40
DV eels IVOUCMWOUTL, 5.0 cc. kidele sles wethiae « Mar. 29, 1913 1089 8 40
Weed. SEOUmHW OU. .c/o6..s chwtle sles aalak- Mar. 29, 1913 1333 125
UEXANGCE IG a HEAZEE, 2... anloeic «ele selane Mar. 29, 1913 649 25
Ree NOEL AME dec. c ses, cette ok’: whistled: April 4, 1913 1354 2 80
ENGOMEMOMMSOM eit. hes jeer cette oleh alee, April 28, 1913 736 22 18
UPN ela HOLE o):.5 otis cikleles coe > weeds April 28, 1913 1322 20 00
Lee, | aed DE Oy =), SA a A A April 28, 1913 708 45
Eom ee ba BOLD Eby a5’. sysiasvedinete cic aaa April 28, 1913 708 25
Rea cide. Wi. Waele Borges. ws). J 6..dhS » April 28, 1913 1159 2 40
RODE MIRO Iatycane's ists) c's cikea ete ele eA April 28, 1913 750 2 30
Frazer & Houghwoult:. .)..2. 45. ens « May 8, 1913 1444 60 00
miexancder Prazer ©ol.... 2.2 aceite cs aek-- May 10, 1913 1445 304 20
lied] Eh ebo NAR RY ee Saepeia rape cetec che! ARS oy ba 2 Sey May 13, 1913 1447 100 00
IGEOraWecOONIN:. ... fs nee ee ee June 2, 1913 1414 186 00
Ovsten May, Oyster Co... 5 mae. se dota © July 24, 1913 1108 290 00
Oyster Bay Oyster Co... .2-ee ee 2k July 24, 1913 1109 260 00
James Ay. Deveaugh:. .. ilar ote < ceae « Aug. 5, 19138 740 3 10
Johnwie MWerreibe. 2. :scs:c. hele peer oe: = Aug. 19, 1913 294 2 85

286 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Rents Cotitectep AFTER OcrToser 1, 1912, anp Dur Dvurine
Fiscat YEAR 1911-1912

Schedule “ C”
Name Date Lease No. Amount
Hrastus, W.5 Seamanio cc Steen ce net Oct. 2, 1912 280 $3 80
Stephen Collings... ccc eae ea eee Oct... 2, 1912 755 1 60
Stephen: Colitis. <)\.26,. eee eee s Oct. 2, 1912 756 1 80
Stephen ‘Collins cs 17 ee ee eee Oete 271912 Ton 50
Ernest BS Celonea eek eae ue, eee Octs 7. 1912 690 2 30
Bay gol st=1 rit aheal ©0115 10 eR PR Me 0 NE TR lc Oct. 7, 1912 691 40
James A BAMGy ses clh sane ee eke aren ea Oeti. 28,1912. ~ 667 8 30
Johnitasehnmeclc. No. U.S San wis ce epee Oct. 10, 1912 326 Pte
JohnyHsSehmeetk. No; 1... ete eee Oct. 10, 1912 1323 7 20
Jonna jochimeelk, No. 1. bee oo eee Oct. 10, 1912 1324 8 00
Wallis. Ee Senmiechk >. |... ty swe. ot eee Oct. 10, 1912 1402 5 06
H. W. Sehmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 314 3 30
HL. W..Schnieelk Oyster GCovi.s .) ... a. e- Oct. 14, 1912 613 2 75
H.W. Schmeelk Oyster Cov: 7. 2.2.2.4%. Oct. 14, 1912 617 95
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 621 1 40
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 620 2 85
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 1175 10 00
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 1176 10 80
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 LTE 4 80
H. W. Schmeelk' Oyster Cos 45....00%. Oct. 14, 1912 1178 6 40
H.'W..Schmecik Oyster Coys. ¢ 22.542. Oct. 14, 1912 1179 54 40
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 1180 7 60
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 1181 10 00
H. W..Schmeelk Oyster Cov? 660.4 2200: Oct. 14, 1912 1182 17 60
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 1183 10 40
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 1184 8 00
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co......:..:.... Oct. 14, 1912 1185 6 00
H.W. Schmeelk Oyster Cov: > .i52 stone. Oct. 14,1912 . 1186 46 40
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 1187 10 80
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 1188 6 00
H.W. Schmeelk Oyster Coo). 625 4955 « Oct. 14, 1912 1189 9 60
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 1190 3 20
H.W. Schmeéik Oyster Co... 2 228 o. Oct. 14, 1912 1191 10 40
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 1191 16 00
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 1193 13 20
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 1194 3 60
Ho’ W.. SchmeciOyster Coots. oe nae. Oct. 14, 1912 1195 25 20
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 1196 2 40
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........5:.. Oct. 14, 1912 1197 9 60
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Cove... As. « Oct. 14, 1912 1198 16 00
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 1199 3 20
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Ocr. 14, 1912 1200 28 00
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 1201 2 80
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Covi}),..°...-.. Oct. 14, 1912 1202 6 80
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 1203 13 20
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 1096 4 00
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 1081 12 00
H.W. Schmeelk Oyster Coeteeee. os). « Oct. 14, 1912 1039 80
H. W.Schmeelk Oyster Covvie.ee ss) .. Oct. 14, 1912 1204 5 60
H. Wi. Schmeclk Oyster Coo iar: ss & Oct. 14, 1912 1205 8 80
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 . 1206 12 00
H.W. Schmeelk. Oyster Co. 2.2622.» - Oct. 14, 1912 1207: 6 40
H, W.. Schmeelk Oyster 'GCo. Jee eeus Oct. 14, 1912 1208 5 60
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 1209 26 40
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............- Oct. 14, 1912 1210 10 40
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912 1212 25 20

CoNSERVATION ComMMISSION

287

Rents CoLttectep AFTER OcToser 1, Etc.— (Continued)

Name Date
Buy Weschmeelk Oyster Co! (5-2. 25... Oct. 14, 1912
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912
He WaschmeclkoOvster’Cowe 80) fe: Oct. 14, 1912
Ha We schmeclk’@Oyster Co. 0.50.53 2: Oct. 14, 1912
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co............. Oct. 14, 1912
EeaWe schmeeikt Ovster Co...) s..8 7 252.8 Oct. 14, 1912
Ecce Wis Wa Horge 2.) oo ee Oct. 16, 1912
MIG MaEG IW sua MOTEO 2. cc). os cs cla Seder ais Oct. 16, 1912
ere man mvVicmba IMORGE! slo's) ciel eels ae Ours Oct. 16, 1912
IMexanGeribrazer COM. eis fs se .clssiae ss Oct. 28, 1912
WD yvitcly en COLON a) oes etsas esha s eoarausoiseeuchne an ae Oct. 31, 1912
Glenwood: Oyster Coy sv in0s.c0.s6 5s cue. Nov. 4, 1912
Glenwood) Oyster Co! oo... ose na. oon Nov. 4, 1912
Glenwood, Oyster Co... sed. ee oe es Nov. 4, 1912
Gienwood: Oyster Co. oii fee ete. ees 2 Nov. 4, 1912
RuGolpheWberrele ik se a ed ee sk ee Nov. 4, 1912
IWerrelli Qs ayle@siens els ad ca sles s actus es Nov. 4, 1912
IWietreliGmsavles fees hoped cue. s Nov. 4, 1912
JNAGAL TE AWAY cee | ea Peer Rn eA Nov. 19, 1912
PNB MEN TETEO Sys. g:acaieia ele ale oie slabun aati Nov. 19, 1912
ONZE Wierrelly bss) h elo scie e aialoe a serene Nov. 19, 1912
Ae lobe Merrell ni ihre oe ce Mec a tose Nov. 19, 1912
PAE MER WMCETON oo ie. fie iw tclse aie Mees aices we Nov. 19, 1912
Ae rN eGrelliis 4 52 oicutarels a(S @istohcw ney os Nov. 19, 1912
Meastintuck ‘Oyster Co. 22 6.6.28 os le ss Nov. 25, 1912
Wieatuiuck Oveter CoO. oh. cass sca sss: Nov. 25, 1912
Miatiituck Oyster‘ Co... . 6s)... Goat oe 8s Nov. 25, 1912
Mattituck Oyster Col. 6 i... cle en Ces Nov. 25, 1912
Meathtuek Oyster Coy... 6. eck cots ess Nov. 25, 1912
Mattihuel: Oyster (Co...) 5.2008 oo5 se aie a Nov. 25, 1912
Oyster Bay Oyster Co... 0) 00026... Dec. 25, 1912
Oyster, bay, Oyster Col... 20s. e 5. os Dec. 25, 1912
Me waWOrk: Ou steri©Oss onic s alejerc ss chase ae Dec. 20, 1912
Walliam i Schmeelk. 0200.05. 000.00 000. Dec. 23, 1912
Pulexangershnazer CO 2 ../. 5s bans wareusee le Dec. 23, 1912
vockaway! Oyster Co. cscs. . Saas es Jan. 6, 19138
NOSePHe LI AMETGVere Weenie et oles 6 edtete ets Jan. 6, 19138
MTS Ee ANT AIMS 250.2. ok ole cl cloe ave spades Jane 16.1913
DOH ere ADT aM Se sey se facleusoa 4s mess oalees cS Jan. 6, 1913
JohmWherAbramise tse vaso. a iwecin sere. Jans 16; 1913
Bia We PAE RIMS eee 55) oi carn, so om ieee s Jan. 6, 1913
Bima ay VV eMADEAINS ES 0 God c) dee cke ere oattaes Jan: 6, 1913
George A Schmeelk } 0585 syeg ane os Jan. 6,1913
Gearze: AniSchmechles 0) s.cauaeciaeean oc Jan. 6, 1913
Georce AwSchmeel ke. :).) 5 cae: Jan. 6, 1913
dfs: (Cieiol & B9 BY 2) ae ane Ph Ah Feb. 6, 1913
Bedell Amibermam. 5. .°:)3.,, uses ose oats os Feb. 6, 1913
REG e AS ESELIMLOW:..<.< 4 0c «codon ieelees Mar. 10, 1913
Chasse Pearsall: (0. (5 Aa aoe Mar. 13, 1913
Chaswliirearsalll. (2 soccer ce Mar. 138, 1913
WisiltenOeMentom =. )c\c..:3) ieee a Mar. 21, 1913
Wraltert@.Wemton:...:.22 (oye ane Mar. 21, 1913
PaNVA GI UEP INN OC) er) le acme RRR Tae Tt Pe April 30, 1913
AWE eiHpan Terme lees <.! <0.) cen aie eee ep ante April 30, 1913
JCal hal eA [rel rs) ate este ki Seeley April 30, 1913
PAIZO ce IMMOLEe lense sis fave aecianedeunets, eh wetness April 30, 1913

Lease No.

1213
1214
1215
1216
1097
1073
1325
1326
1327
1159

708
1322
1435

689

547

631

673

715
1107
1349
1366
1082
1104
1105
1106
1316
1340
1093
1094
1116
1117
1161
1338
1108
1109
1438
1302
1435

228

230

244

336

oot
1131
1132
1217
1218
1219
1394
1393

365
1267
1268

dll

ool
1221
1222
1223
1224

Amount

$4 80
8 40
3 60

13 20

— —_

WOW > CONN rR
S
On

a
oO,
oho
Om

288 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Rents CoLLtEcTteED AFTER OcToBER 1, Etc.— (Concluded)

Name Date Lease No. Amount

AzeloW. NMerrelliitars i8)). Jaen ees April 30, 1913 1225 $4 69
Azely BR Merrell ied 2. oe 0s: eee eae April 30, 1913 1226 8 04
Azels FE. Merrell i. oc. 2c Rei naan April 30, 1912 1227 2 23
Azel- I, Merrell: So. oth oe eee ease April 30, 1913 1228 1 79
Azel GE. Merrelllsyen oi05 oh is oe aes. eat April 30, 1912 1229 4 69
AzeliB Merrell 5.4 )c0. kn eS ee nae April 30, 1913 1230 7 89
ThGss HassaGheh sos cas, ORE tae May 5, 1913 1441 4 80
Christian Wales. 4.56.0. cee ens cee July 8, 1913 1449 8 40
Henry S. Miarshallioec:... fi siaee esos. pale July 9, 1913 1448 4 40

$3,942 23

SCHEDULE oF RENTALS

Amount
SSYel ales Wh Oca 2 a mnrnmaeL ene enor sRaUMNGMinyhS) AF aka ras etal memes tara © $3,028 93
Sehied tile eee ic. ocho Re oh nce oe pee eee el ee 9,566 75
ese ae SS NSTeRS hs anaes a ee sar 3,942 23
Ota elit a dik MR ane $16,537 91

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION

289

Taxes, Penatty anp INTEREST COLLECTED FROM OcTOBER 1,
1912, ro SEPTEMBER 30, 1913

NAME

Georzesharettpranceriesckelctsrcaee
Ehomaspwe lolbertecsonccdesdee ues:
StenlunoyOvster COmasneeencace eel cae
Bhushan, (Chrchiwe, ooo eae oboe oo cue:
ER OMAVVAE US riet tote rete tite yealeketar Siennclte
lobivalosin. Wen be ooo o ome bUdoo oS
Georseg Vin Stille yewelsic cies scvcdecle cee
(Geones IMC SSI 6 64 6 Gd obld cleo oioeials
Georsen Vis Stille oir eo eisai Sisk stele ore
GeorscwNie Stilley wea suse eecu coe
Gorse Vil Still eee eae a wean ces sea aeoren
GeorgesMier Stillen neces esx eciatene
Geonrzer VEU tilly Spey cache aie secre
Georze Me Stille ei ee = i e

A

13s Owe ISIONGS saaotobe Uo badniod > Gd
PAO GISMELOVIEY aa secs sce slave os sc miatat ers
EPO CISMELOVEW. Weis cis ole) sreiel<seuelel hohe aust
FO Gis AOVEY His lae ac salen ciccsctes oie s
PLO GISPELOVEY ta aes ore ester oe arenes
Idiy Olnigh JalOnenreninie ais oon Oo tnar hn ovE
PO GISWELOVE Ys. hae cot ere seielels olen ecto

loneshabunbamiwas sei sieeicie cic ce

Jones ea burbanky some ess clesioes :
Georeei ss Durbanks sane te de ceecie.
Northport) Oyster Conseccus.s «ee
Georg eveeeMottioes waeoeei salen eer
GeorsesbHerNlotto accesso jocks
GeorcevkeeNlottere rnc nee cee ee
GeorzevHe Mott aceseae ils Sie
GeorcevHe Motteenn semen aso ere
(Ceonae Tals MIOHOY Godot ooulocuon ot
Jima WoM/ Nii sgngdoauababouc
Wirwiea ID Ckens iis cee eice cic sas outs
GeorvervAl @armans: osne so eee scene
GeorzeyAnCarmamneaceoc aces cee.
Jacobwlredenickwe seeticsico ent
iverman Mi Schmeellkey 2. 2555 2s
Herman M. Schmeelk............
Herman M. Schmeelk............
Herman M. Schmeelk............
Herman M. Schmeelk............
Dekartic, Housman. sce tenen.
Eenrya DeGhantyyy os ere sielevce cvemoiars
Henrys Debiartics. ccs ccetae aeons
eniy DO ebarteseccevemcre eras tee
Henrys eblartia. cet. sceets © cetera
diary IDEN Big Gao oueedobodd le
Henry2DeHartwiicilea aces aero
RICHKATGOHNSONe eee eee
Richanrdyiohnson sac secre
IME OMIM Gsaudooudcsoaduose
CharleseBedelleirsins seine ee
@harlespBedellhae esis eee ee
CharlespBedelly ey ae eae
CharlessBedellee nae sane ee
Adeline Bedelleaeo wea acne oe
Suwassett Oyster Co.............
Suwassett Oyster Co.............
Suwassett Oyster Co.............
Suwassett Oyster Co.............

10

Date

Lot

858
403

Tax

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Penalty | Interest

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erry

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290 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Taxrs, Penatty AND INTEREST COLLECTED — (Continued)

NAME
Georre W. (‘Chauncéync ssc cs cekicnc Feb.
Jarvis uieksh oscee rer eirie otioiess) arsine Feb.
DAT VIS ECR Umer ar ace. eee Feb.
Richards Mes biltsrd ae esty ss oc. sno lalen Feb
RachandiVic Bilary era a cst elchenene Feb.
HannahiMeaStankey meno. os «<= cits Feb.
AV PAC WV ATI Eee re tees aie ons cvavare eRe Feb.
Georze Se MOnrTOeee shied aloo ste ee Feb.
Wilham Buchanan. hs/2< os'+ + ses ete Feb.
Walliams Buchaman 22). cc. os. s1+.efchemre Feb
Williamydtoblewlett. a.» ec cece eros Feb.
BenyamingMenritine casas. cisiels chs elie Feb.
IBeNyamMineVlerm thee. ecshs oe <= ene Feb.
Benjamin WMerrittwic ici. ac < os ee eee Feb.
BeniaminvVierribt..s. ais eke sis) e/a seer Feb.
Via ors G eA Oras | asi ots mois alien cncre oles Feb.
Henry IBOrnwe een... ssa ate cis e-sehe chee Feb.
Henzy BB OrwePels).... neice ec ates Feb.
lenny BOrwerenia: is scccelevc © e/alalia teehee Feb.
WalliameRemsens ic tity. 6 csi is ere ele Feb.
state Jacob Bumstead.......... 06 Feb.
RicharduBirose ya) fede iets eee Feb.
Pei epi) Wh 0 Ve PORE Me ae, en Pg Feb.
Di VEATEG 1 Cis ta. ees cha paenee eo ercee Feb
JW Coleyey tacts ome ce eek eae Feb
Je Wi Coles’ nike Seb ie sere, ceva Feb
ilmeree we utleris i aero eres cuss actors oie Feb
Bimmer sh. (Butler 2 oe spacers csc bw oko Feb
Bhmer Le iBawtler. 1) sins ies ais ee Feb
Bilmer is Butlers ceteniee eens cee Feb
Hilmer he IBUblen. tas cieimrstow cena Feb
Hilmer/; (Butler: 4 ites eens sie vee eee Feb
Bimmer. Butler soc cies ocr ses cee Feb
Blmrer sE Butler =o se Meee salen ohne Feb.
Johns Wash. oe mot oe ae cee Feb.
Androvette & Thompson........... Feb.
Androvette & Thompson........... Feb.
Androvette & Thompson........... Feb.
Androvette & Thompson........... Feb.
Androvette & Thompson........... Feb.
Androvette & Thompson........... Feb.
Androvette & Thompson........... Feb.
Androvette & Thompson........... Feb.
Androvette & Thompson........... Feb.
Androvette & Thompson........... Feb.
Androvette & Thompson........... Feb.
Androvette & Thompson........... Feb.
Charles "Olga ee erates oo ia0s ceeie ete Feb.
ars arsenic sob ike oe sore: s oie 6 eae Feb.
arsiarsensce ee eictentiecie sors «2 aie Feb.
George We Sanbegss agile > vee + eal Feb.
George W. Sanbes.§ von ciec es scan awe Feb.
Walliam ie Wiatisn on criitele 001s sis ole Feb.
Willram Eh Watts ie cares ccc cis sere Feb.
Bedell & Ambermanieyc.-+6>o.:25. Feb.
Harry ©; Johnson, eeei tess) ieee > aie Feb.
Harry’ G. Johnsons) perce sie lerete Feb.
Harry C. Johnson: scene ne ae ee Feb.
Harry ©. Johnson. cess pesca ie Feb.
George Hy Jonnsony. sans eis ee ee Feb.
Jane JOHNSON: <> - eile ese Feb.
We CL Wenk ..S chonce coe eres Feb.
i. Cy Wenk: «5.5 shiver Feb
BE Co Wenlk: «os liciscs bot ciceeesencrcnee Feb.
Weber & Degenhart. sah.» «oem sei Feb.
Charles) Weber's: .:z |: ccctete ice se otra Feb.
Charles Wieber.. 2: G:das = ced cektee anes Feb.
Charles Weber: 6205 tess) eee Feb.
Arthur JODDSOM: <1 cje cis cus oe 6) olae eee Feb.
JcG. He Bedell ccs aes ee eee Feb
Walhiam 'B: Dooley. cersvereiete ols cicioiee Feb
Walliam Bo Dooleyc. sence «eee ee Feb
Daniel Burbank) satacis cite cer feelers Feb
Danrel Burbank. joe ae eee ee eee Feb.

Lot Tax Penalty | Interest
Several $25 00 0.22 See
629 VO ae ea eee
630 0] NPE Araied silat or5is: -
318 2:50 Jue ke. | eee
319 bite 0 al ern lees ie 3
462 DO Li ssys,cpehatouall st Aree
266 gM, 0 Ramee Ne So oh
474 3,50 |) 2 ae hee
42 1 Tae Eo Siey e ORE cceccs cs
690 63 $0 3% Nees
539 2°10") Au See ib see
301 20), oS lhe ens
302 ZS Wy cisco a eee
303 BO | cmd niten ea eae
325 2 00 5G |e. ager
628 15). SS | ae
310 4.25.) o..25e ee
50 40)\ 2a eee
48 70 107) eee
472 7 40 «| sivade ee le eee
66 4 50 90 Wis cena
627 80 .|, a. 26 [ae
658 BOw|. .5.3G8 jee
64 1/00 ',| '.. 22220 eee
469 28° |, acs ae Ole eee
507 122 30) (iy. wets
78 6.80) 1 3 ccc eee
31 V5 | ce:2s cero ease
392 81S 3) ccc aes eee
553 O% | oka deel eee
388 60) |. aicsscceere al Eee
283 19 We Mou | esteris, oS).
871 G5: .|,, ci cis wall, See
839 1 05), sz saaecet: anraeenee
91-D 615) cdereee) | oe
392 ay oe en La anc nc -
148 OO | tcicescinian tits eeleeaene
339 2 OT oi Siieaun! |e
337 1 OO: |) sca] eee
568 63h aches [oe eee
236 7°98 |) c.ntecle, Perro
798 25D: | cakes |e eee
807 65

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e 6 aie Rete ue

Soe
“100
mone
boro
ow ©0
nooo

eh, ee ee eee eee ee ee a

11 UR Poe
13 Ce eee er
522 1 OS th vatycten’s 1) seca
948 3 20 @b | ieee
427 i eee ee
445 WO ivdied ect eee
505 1 55 OD ||\ tea
620 CUR leis
439 TB | vs sais Noe
361 BO} sy cael oe een
431 50 4S 10 ana
94 ED, sy seer cee Rn
132 1 2B dae etm | len dene
567 2 40 1) esse! NO onic
568 2 DO | \., akdstatanals aueteheraeeee
569 By io veya) kh arc
317 5 50 1 ADI else
105 2 28). «steal enema
10 15 | ciscs detenlln aeons
14 40 DPD GGi |G ateroeeicters
558 1.00) oi. 225 eee
455 1 35 Zid Phare valevenaes
463 BO) i] te ete taneks, > | lancet
457 1 OO. ch. s6iceis > tenet
288 & BD fl foguipeeis y | aati ote
380 OD Jenlai &! in) te elcne tones

CoNSERVATION ComMMISSION

291

Taxes, Penatty AND INTEREST CoLLEcTED — (Continued)

NAME

WanielBunvankeyeeeeeiee sie iesl orto
DanveleB ur amlkeweewey otal wieierelershs arches
IDE yar) yerdoRialle, (oo aa doo nooseoo KS
IDevanell Pismdoeholik<. Gone oounacacmooonG
Dye Bod opal, Gate ogo Go Oo boa INe
ohm wAM ery es nites e/a alley siclielsile letsuene
OmMTMC WAM eri ee Sipe chclisielens heres
Tohme SAU ert pani arssvavecarsioncioe Siecsde als
Loundes, Mills & Ockers............
HKoundes: Mills'& Dhorm:..:.-..:...
Loundes, Mills & Thorn............
Loundes, Mills & Thorn............
Moundes) Mallsi& Shor... 562...
MOUNGESNSoulVE ier iayerere eins o)recel'e: al cies o>
MGoundesi de MNS) sian woo e/e suclelsi ae ess
Loy stave kes) CAM GDN SUR hi Bide eiddicioen ole
IMMIUNSS Gg IRON oO Soba dod AOA ARS Se NA

do JEL, TBE oe Gee ae
Warnes Silene ee eon

& J. Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elswerth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
Elsworth Co
.- Elsworth Co

A444 44 4 A 4 YY 4 4 4
Re Ge Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Be Re Be Oe Re Re Re ee Be ee Be he Be Re Be Be Be Be Be Be Re Re Re

SHA 44 4 4 4 4 4
AAARA SAS AAAAS AAAS SAAS AAAS 444444445444 44 454455

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Date

Lot Tax Penalty | Interest
386 BL ar aR Meslay a Poked
696 BAO Gel sana Altice ares
862 GOR Sr RU eT Een iecaa
382 2 TAA) SHAS RENIN AACN tel UR
890 Zs EN NS IN Vis eR ore ie tg AS
Section B DOOM garners sue eta ge de
123 AWA alate amon WM acs et ae
90 Tes T Meee B ueat [Iasi le
15 pesca Sali ar abs Fae:
16 ZIG incu steps hn Wily Saye ae
2 TOOK lian accieneellten coal aeenene ra
18 Exec Beeline ONT [ey pen es Rs
J TATU FP eNECTEIES ME Aen AR
93-B Co (Ooi Bae a a fee EST
106 LOTS per srilh aye siet stas
79 ZOKGO Besser peed coats
Plot A (SY BESO) Ea mere i A aU cag
314 SHOOM Meters calle ante
Several Didi O Ow Rie aye UO Ine idee
PASH Re ee ea BS at eee a

Several SRO Ah sree seller uate kes
321 TOW OO sey pe aii Ra ios sce
544 Z SO tessa epee Stee eS
67 vos SOM Tales pec
61 Pe OO AN ttre ea Bae ek
213 AAO i vchceettave hunter iechers
130 SOM ieee ba teereretetecs
613 23 OSzeerteaicpsts
376 WETS Alp oinneen sete epee este
623 DREAMING chores severe
621 AEE QVoy a NEON Bre eG an i IRIE
299 Meee enenn Mie cade lie:
617 POD Wreteisren py alte cds BEM.
645 OMe US ity ah ics eal | ee eRe
632 Opler lA vecees ive ule epee es
619 PASS Aa VMN ERO 3 NN ae
497 CHE || DASH EL a eet aan Ae
495 BS e7 SNM Ree Wet atl eee SRR aE
496 CD OEN lip aerate eee nite cb J
443 nO J | aA east A
441 DOO MIT erase mecen |e eyane ets
148 TGS Tiniheernmieee sn Vla eee es
197 ZOOS eck cuenta Niliearee va erste
701 Orie airy mre IN At Lace a
721 LO OSH A Aa Goes en alan cuk
665 1 N85 VERE th Corea eae
742 OW ies wecreh hela abe cas cuars
855 p. Gr 7 |e ee wed Pe pou Lo ane A ee
648 Ol eens ere naliigiaie Aen ine
650 QOS lL vovaeeer. 4 loos cance
124 Py Ls ae NT ty ee aL 2
432 SHial wooo ihe Ara sees
360 Pi Gaiety ep Me rer ane
362 DS le Atoeles ares RS ya at eae
786 AN i ec akattbere: Nineteen se
305 SORE ay ae rsea er tears
680 oI eames lll aeann pee a.
501 Ze Was ede aes, sere lima ceteeee
758 CSM Og Sete UR ene Eras
809 Pa 131 Fenris, S| |e RL a
810 SO vil harotsiedectal eheyaeenaeke g
202 i Ue Uta roa PR Si cea Beet a ie
367 RE 7 (hic Ty OI re
505 WiO2 i petersuatehe Ulmer ois
172 QO BO re arp aan nce et a
487 OeSOB Pearce eas ops
692 pNP ATT S Wee CGH ay ake LY aie Cae i
87 GSE en eeinet danse te
785 Oya aI, Gee de uM Lh Crd bale
556 DOR |g ae erates yf are Te
234 SOU petted opeceee | ae oes ches
602 AS iu ceaten sare i lamtedcnroea oe
631 Pa ha fea) [EDA ee cay, Ween re ee 2
208 Aviles cueers ipesmeneye g

292 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Taxes, PENALTY AND INTEREST CoLLECTED — (Continued)

NAME Date Lot Tax Penalty | Interest
Te Da We ISWORtHIN@ OM reece Feb. 10, 1913 625 $0) 65.1, sci Aule eee
Tee Do Wiens wOnunlGOne tus <cleeol Feb. 10, 1913 633 BON cw oa ae eee
J. eo. We blswonthi@onaue ce. ccc. Feb. 10, 1913 269 S50 |) Sosw cs lee
J. do. We Biswonthi Go. oo. hd. Feb. 10, 1913 629 53 eal Nee) (ER
J. & 0. Wo blsworthi@or foot Feb. 10, 1913 273 TOY ody ccc) Loe ee
Je Se JeeNe ulswronti Gan.) ol xioa ature Feb. 10, 1913 618 BT a Oe chan late eee
yee ToMcniswmonuan@ Oe cite ea ate Feb. 10, 1913 346 DOS te ae ea
TL TO Werbisworun OO. scm eee Feb. 10, 1913 557 IZ ORS re
Je J We Bilsworcuh Cow. 6 cies onsen Feb. 10, 1913 559 DSB techs Lec
Dis Ie werlsworthn Gor. occa cue Feb. 10, 1913 534 USil se Recue WO heehee
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co....... E ais ae) BebS LOW Otis 182 GON Scarcvsiso | ae ae eee
Tee VV Mn SOR Gn COR Gis: sateen Feb. 10, 1913 532 Lov: i PRN FW So oy
Te Te Wi lsworth Con. esc ke Feb. 10, 1913 184 XO el areas ae fave
Teese WV SoS ov Orb Oc. 0,0). ta ature Feb. 10, 19138 634 os al eS SIME [PNG cectarats
Teno Wie isworth!@o. |... tes uek Feb. 10, 1913 636 V' ZO" | apeteek cn | eee
Tien Wve busworth Cogs.) Chenier Feb. 10, 1913 638 1 32"). Bo So ee
ET ee ees BU SWORTERO OI. wc atc ertn Feb. 10, 1913 165 7 O60) \0 6) Sl See
ae LSC OBEON GON ot Gis cavern Feb. 10, 1913 194 T 50
Ay Ge ho WW HUISWOREE COOni Lic acuta Feb. 10, 1913 630 43) et). oo ee
PLR TW HIS WOLDOR GON me oe cole sits © Feb. 10, 19138 365 1 92] Vk. 3k eee
Tard Meus WOLthe Oni... sad epee Feb. 10, 1913 373 Pls} a SE Re
eae Wie lswortuaieGrn cc cneemit Feb. 10, 1913 363 200: | S620 eee
Tad Wekisworth@ouvi nse eeee Feb. 10, 1913 371 1 ey fia MRD | ise
Je J we Blsworsht@on olor ese Feb. 10, 1913 369 3°65.) cc yc eee
Tear We ulsworuhr Gon. csc eee Feb. 10, 1913 831 0 Meeererroma ihe aie
Task. Wie Misworthi@on.. check cues Feb. 10, 1913 555 230.1 0.032. |
Fra on Wa cul SwrOnt CoG re crate rane Feb. 10, 1913 254 2 78 | ak ee
Je WanbnsworubtWor cores eae Feb. 10, 1913 637 43 fo be ee te See
ede Te Wis EISWOTBHINGO.. acne aiuto eee Feb. 10, 1913 842 2°05.) 254 5-6 eee
Tao Wissiswonghin@oe.. eakuace Feb. 10, 1913 166 14S) hoa ee ae
ae Wi isworthe Occ ic ences Feb. 10, 1913 249 Da sik, oa
By) wate Wd BlswrOnul ons se a cermin Feb. 10, 1913 301 90} oe
Tet dle Wins WwOrbbe On ech. Wa caane Feb. 10, 1913 307 PAO hei tae cee eee
erat AW RGIS WORUMA Onision cane Feb. 10, 1913 788 AS |) 2.7300 eee
Toe J) We Bisworth Coy) so. .2...5. slabeb. LO; Loa 105 1.25) és tac See
Jc TW. lsworch. Cok si. eases s Feb. 10, 1913 313 Bae erences asa eS
Teer Te Wc ES wOnthwGOe wc cake weee Feb. 10, 1913 293 TOT cs ciara «eee
Je Se To We ISWOTbOn GON 2). clei iaslerens Feb. 10, 1913 26 2 oS 0 he De
TT. dolsevorthiGos oo. tee wee!) MeO aod ole 142-A BBQ) ost Eee
Jiao eV uleerOrntinGon. is cfemetwarets Feb. 10, 1913 132 3 Ub!) soils) le eee
Oran ODO rine a. ceeepians Feb. 10, 1913 303 DD il). a 6 kee bron ie eee
veo Wieusworth Go... «cus ce Feb. 10, 1913 393 SB |) x 5 eile ee ee
Res aN MUI WOKtH GOL ss) sios eos aie Feb. 10, 1913 782 roan a et We Se
Tig We eleworth Go. soc... us ces Feb. 10, 1913 ie 19° OO ei eee
Tae de WicskusworthiOo.4. .. . ces wares Feb. 10, 1913 517 65 |) 2 Ss 8 a
eae MV RNS WONbON@Os). ci cule ecient: Feb. 10, 1913 615 Sal cate eal hee
Moree URLS WODUUS CUO. ifclknes lareiei Feb. 10, 1913 811 1 206] eck. |). eee
ike Vt RIP ORGON COO eo a).c ole cre oes Feb. 10, 1913 439 TOO cicee ethene
Do Sawa euleworth On. «sa seen cen Feb. 10, 1913 554 1 Wats) epee RORY Petia ek
ST Set URN EW OME Oe) Ss ee cite cus Feb. 10, 1913 PAS S719 a cate ARO eeee
Mee sow blsworthi@or. . 6. coss oe ll) eb LON Os 775 BOS. ere
Dev Ge i. WWE BporarpO© Oi Sais bis ee sims Feb. 10, 19138 81 SO Se ee ee
Je JW lsywonsaoor sas + <c.s, sian Feb. 10, 1913 80 60 ts ete ee
Be To Wie eS wOrth Gon oi. ee Feb. 10, 1913 86 LOS te tue ee rere
Tee WW MEI Otek ep 6c0) rp estes Feb. 10, 1913 79 Oe |! sic aicleier dhs eterna
Sp cad Pie INE orgies (Cla IAs eee mer Feb. 10, 1913 455-A Qe I hive satw ta: so Aer eRe
TEND Wi. I Seo neces se ele lew sere Feb. 10, 1913 285 BB oo ode oe
Je IoW . iswiortheaGonmnesecos ance Feb. 10, 1913 84 DF OB eer oll ee eee
FS Joie HUIS WORDED RO le Rice cleo eres Feb. 10, 1913 85 BO a ac shee) Ale kee area
Te WG AEGIS OTE aacralc ie oietelat eres Feb. 10, 1913 295 oe: 6 0 i ee TEE UM cic:
J) Wie Blsworth Moers sien Feb. 10, 1913 673 ta Bt NRE avtatecrchs «
TiS .P We Lelsworth @on en vite relat Feb. 10, 1913 169 BO Cscch ec ibrar
FeO We lsworth’ Cons saics cree Feb. 10, 1913 111 FOB eat lee
Tego dn Wi kueworth ok. uci cates Feb. 10, 1913 82 Ba il cies Mok Wea ae
Ja TOW ulsworvhe Gor. cine Seeks Feb. 10, 1913 297 WO ee ear silos trance ane
Te TW blswortu God sis steetene Feb. 10, 1913 639 eae: sel er PR eel 4
Te iGo Ds DUIS ODUR UG Os ane eterna Feb. 10, 1913 667 BB a aie alec lke rete Coenen
FES AWG DUE Cora o th Cloner Weed ese Feb. 10, 1913 672 De ea ecalude, Wipe te seem
Te Qed. WW RIS WOLUD Olas «kre niches Feb. 10, 1913 755 AO eee erae alls tare mee
Fue Jaw blsworth ole. ccc usw Feb. 10, 1913 643 TO cc aaa ee Sites aidan
Th iG DaWie eulsworthuGOn. esate silent Feb. 10, 1913 600 DB) ee eee Pei aateete
TG DAW LIS WORE Onsale cane Feb. 10, 1913 729 BO ee coy lee eee
Ts ee We. Wlsworth'@on aso «eters Feb. 10, 1913 83 {Un eMRG recat aids onc
LGW UISWOLEDL@O sci cicie sana Feb. 10, 1913 787 2 BO. a eres los easter oe

CoNSEVATION CoMMISSION 293

Taxes, Penatty AnD INTEREST COLLECTED — (Continued)

NAME Date Lot Tax Penalty | Interest
doa ds Mis Leon (Oma 4 iy 6 gai Feb. 10, 1913 647 ES fa EES Sd [A gato esti Ted att Nd
Jee WelnlsworthiCowee jeer. Feb. 10, 1913 730 GOP aera LS hh arin pont
Veco Wee Lisworthn© oman seer Feb. 10, 1913 641 I OFS) map ee ee Ati Hn i
Ie 2 do Ve leon (Cos Hay sea we ae Feb. 10, 1913 575 AeA omen cits ite ea MMuntate
aCe Vea Swionthy © om yy seein Feb. 10, 1913 364 ZO yi |e cullen
Dea NWeeelsworthn©o ns nce cine | Feb. 10, 1913 784 BO) CONV RUN Gung oA A
Rolworthicuelsworth. nese ae Feb. 10, 1913 245 QO RMI EER MTU nel
Rolworuhic Bisworthyyn) sicce ec cen Feb. 10, 1913 Sy PANU NLR Nal alias eee edt kt
Rolworthic. Eiswornthy sss) lan ae Feb. 10, 1913 241 SOOM ea veer etapa enerals
Polworth & Elsworth............... Feb. 10, 1913 243 TST OMe aatale wal Wout a aus
Polworth G@Hisworth.). 2.0. .005. 0: Feb. 10, 1913 247 AOOm isc ceca hee ene
Polworth & Bisworth) ..).)..0.5..2. Feb. 10, 1913 233 DICT Le yy ete ces | lI tewntee ste
Rolworthy oc lsworth ees eens Feb. 10, 1913 436 MI Oaashasenreptncien |i tates teal
Polworth & Elsworth.............. Feb. 10, 1913 511 SES TM eee ei: Itst 0k
Polworth & Blsworth..:........... Feb. 10, 1913 513 ESS TIP ames ua a PeG emf AU RSS pe
Bolworthie Mlsworth, 2. oho Feb. 10, 1913 438 2HOOR every ueel ime ene
Polworthicblsworth. 625. 55.05.05. Feb. 10, 1913 235 DL CG(GAG) skeen NN MO Bea
Polworth & Elsworth....../........ | Feb. 10, 1913 237 St GONG S Sa Aes
Bolworthwes Wiswonrthirs 65 selene Feb. 10, 1913 239 La ae CEH ee ene at
Polworth)/& Hisworth. 22.12.40... 95; | Feb. 10, 1913 251 LOTFI PHRASES SANT ch aA
BolworthvcceelswiOrthicees werrcemiier Feb. 10, 1913 558 Iaiate) leans At eulll Basu aie a
olvonunncsesworthines yes ce wane Feb. 10, 1913 628 PAP alla Ceereatnteh ateatieai a Naa
Rolworthico mlsworth is) eens lee Feb. 10, 1913 956 SO rer eea een lun cereueer ays
Polworth é& Hlsworth, 220). 2)5..30) Feb. 10, 1913 133 ASM at caretee ein catenins
Polworth & Elsworth. ............. Feb. 10, 1913 372 ES FHP dae | HRB 2
Polworth & Elsworth.............. Feb. 10, 1913 657 CAG ast ve eere Sy ON ene BRU OHE
Polworth & Plsworth.............. Feb. 10, 1913 659 TLLOLO yal lictaascie aN Stee ayae py
Polworthi es Hisworthy 20) 2. s. Feb. 10, 1913 603 GS Ruy ee gahe anes nae
Polworth & Blsworth.............. Feb. 10, 1913 931 SLI stat orrea Gey bl atu Foe
Rolworthyemisworthen. 0 soon ces Feb. 10, 1913 934 ease Lavell yh emi ee srandal eapal AINA
Polworth & Hlsworth¢......)) 522.) Heb: 10,1913 935 PAO) Ct eA WARE Call oars le eee
Rolworthidé& Elsworth). ........00.0- Feb. 10, 1913 971 Smo Olt ieaservarwrt te asehe wu fire
Rolworthea swore ae cess elcome Feb. 10, 1913 965 AWS OR lniieateeron \imeee ise ke
Polworth & Elsworth..............| Feb. 10, 1913 917 Zi Sow seks eiew eee
PRolworth) & Hlsworthe oa... so. ase Feb. 10, 1913 915 aL TIC 5 ||US
HreG@Wistomer tee yetencs ciciccs seeieeetee Feb. 10, 1913 | 431 88 DORMS a ee ee
IETUZ DSU UAV VIE US tai - kilcr cnsiorcriencee.c clcieuene Feb. 10, 1913 456 Ue ORE aon ta teen Me ee Ratu
SOMIWEIOWWISIGUSN, Ae rcteetaroretellereics coche yelace Feb. 10, 1913 460 CU SON Waris yee pores eh rare
Param @agmisis solace esac cui tacos Feb. 10, 1913 461 TSO eter Cele ere tp ears
TRY, UM ce TRIS TENS oD BATS] ng Sheen Resear ys Feb. 10, 1913 456 ALO eT a as Weeden cp
BWR cote EB Ushio ky hygeine. Feb. 10, 1913 468 TereSes ay Reet Kereau Eke p aren oture
1845, UR eta TELA STR SMI BAD Ee) C1 et ee een Feb. 10, 1913 467 Te OAS ear yad ase [rekey dente Ne
ESM eis PERM oS USI aes Han acttihe ets Feb. 10, 1913 481 ala RG Taye hr Mise etek | ke hare a
BRR Gone) USH epee siesenhonieedetcee Feb. 10, 1913 861 GHSOR tearua sched ba seepes. cc
\HY SLID VERO IS a ane tlt Os ane Alte el ane On DME ee Feb. 10, 1913 11 GBB een ei Be cance oye
WEP DE UIsherin ts eieh lato tcl aca ce sb aeeita Feb. 10, 1913 457 92 Siete ee
@orneliusibesry Ve Ga wleiooacae re. Feb. 11, 1913 12 55 1G Ee A ea
FessenVinGolden see ceri eee eee Feb. 11, 1913 lid SAS. sis aes nF Pave SS
Hoya RAlbraimsseracn cers ieieonneieeiieks Feb. 11, 1913 398 SOR eee aout ie ssteraewets
UO) a ay TBXS NT LAGE Gana eeeth ay antec eae ne Smee Feb. 11, 1913 251 GOR eee teh eens
TODNEBE IR BM ai Wa W ERO LL i an Feb. 11, 1913 258 SOE eS ey ales hr paige ae
@harlesmee orm ie os ace uch avaeetons Feb. 11, 1913 308 50 TO eigen
MeN OMAS HA CIMSEN a) tacks mithonictye cde Feb. 11, 1913 473 2 OOF | cae kee Cierra dase
123s Cio] DOW BYeT IHG Wg ae emery Se wate need oA ay hah Feb. 11, 1913 ful Taga aig eT et a en ete ee
AUTTeO RDU OLS Hee teres Chie aee Feb. 11, 1913 72 abs bc eg ieee alee core
PALE ECMO OLS aes never ele cite tonae Feb. 11, 1913 415 Sy lh hears eet Wisin ae ae pe
@larence’ Lissenden...........5..... Feb. 11, 1913 lee LS PAST Me Re VALLES
Gouldtin Jenninessseeeee ee Feb. 11, 1913 128-A GOR xe seus selina ste
BATS MIMATSS TEM ere eve, os cia iae eine ene Feb. 11, 1913 8 WS eb ae) (WCeiyeens 6
Pausch Bros. Oyster Co............| Feb. 11, 1913 12 BS OOM et yee ei eee sayacaes
PauscheBrosOyster:©o... 25. Gece e Feb. 11, 1913 13 TET ie rae cee a Sees a
Pausch Bros. Oyster Co............ | Feb. 11,1913 | Several LOM 752 | aee ea ae eane
RauscheBrosa Oyster Cou.) 6 wags seek Feb. 11, 1913 Several Sie OOM are coe Caer reG ae
Rausch) Bros! Oyster Coun... ene Feb. 11, 1913 Several TS GBe ee iccan con l Rises cig kel oe
Pausch Bros. Oyster ©o..........0. Feb. 11, 1913 Several ZA. BOG err eesini alli ieveieeerennys
BauscheBrost Oyster ooo. aac Feb. 11, 1913 107 ZOOS Riso tees ee lteeeenes mets
Pouschvbrose Oyster: Conus nee Feb. 11, 1913 108 LaRosa
EAUSchiBrosmOysteriGome wae re Feb. 11, 1913 IH, BAO er ey tore ee Anil etc tar aloes
Pausch) Bros@yster ©on j 20s ae. eee Feb. 11, 1913 315 SOONG crs meee decrees! one
Pausch Bros. Oyster Co............ Feb. 11, 1913 977 SGUOOM ee seca liter ainsi.
SRV IAN Gmimictae cess) aaron Le deed ae Feb. 11, 1913 96 1 30 WO la eesisebeire
CHOMSpracuekees clon se cea ate uan ee Feb. 11, 1913 355 OBI A acces creat Ineaev ae ale
CROPS pra cue recess ae ole ese Feb. 11, 1913 286 BOM BEG MEOH Pera dc ae
IBavilesvadui orn cy icine ome Feb. 11, 1913 95 a eg OMNI. SUV er eo unnene

294 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Taxes, PEnattTy AND INTEREST CoLLECTED — (Continued)

NAME Date Lot Tax Penalty | Interest

Bayles& “horns icracaicpacieheaislsi tie ks Feb. 11, 1913 121 S10 Go alia ccs cient neperetetate
Bayles|idc hora hen eae cacve sees Feb. 11, 1913 321 AB ie cichene onal mvcia eke
Bayles, Bumstead & Fletcher....... Feb. 11, 1913 Several AAO Di iscwescacieen eee ee
Matinecock Oyster Co............. Feb. 11, 1913 81 OQ GOG .cscueiere valence
Matinecock Oyster Co............. Feb. 11, 1913 114 GOS, Aoccrsticnociell aieietcuenoeene
Matinecock Oyster Co............. Feb. 11,1913 73 BOM OOS ate creel ere
Howard (Goulden eee eee Feb. 12, 1913 aa 7, 26 DO a oliraoresy ily hae ycterae
Howard: Gould erent nuetcn sy eerie Feb. 12, 1913 118 GAO iy cue eee al heehee eee
TNO MINGEYScAS OME erection slompeneielle Feb. 12, 1913 150 PSA cscG Showstemllih nace eee
DOMNOerSrSOnie a te eiccaloiele aces Feb. 12, 1913 27 SOD it | i coy ateststalisredlis cahabehet ewe
DS OWIN OCP SOs ain anes oie lebbueie te falls Feb. 12, 1913 32 UT Al Wie: chet tated] Lacerta eee
DOMNOEVEEIS ONES Haye eieiets slater aie Feb. 12, 1913 43 CON ee aks eraiie fut aig ne
DORN Get SOM Aa ote ses ciee sl aree Feb. 12, 1913 iG DR ah cicdets levee
DDS OUINOGTAOOLer ae eikaitiesiaies aemcuats Feb. 12, 1913 23 ZOO Wien eiaceeeees Osa
DOMINOS reISOny Heise eis sistas leterie Feb. 12, 1913 503 DOB acdsee eee
DE ORIN GCHEASODI Rll seat wccinie lela Feb. 12, 1913 835 PARC. Ue NDR Ean NR dhe
DAOMNGSRE SOW A es aire ua catelcte ees Feb. 12, 1913 5 bla: SA eee se hae
ORES INGORE Ral ae etl Goi oe a ae a Feb. 12, 1913 33 QD all), so Seaiuetela) lll eee ee
DBE MRINOG ers ate theictetarate ts lovelalarate Biohaes Feb. 12, 1913 467 os OY: ar ante (RS YS eee
PLES! Chk It oy sa ee nats Oe ee ety BUTS Feb. 12, 1913 713 90) jv ecicvceve! I) See
George; Niarshalli i oisiiens < svelekorn coer Feb. 12, 1913 231 pI 00 es RY Ss
GeorceWiarshalls peiisie ocln.e eietster oars Feb. 12, 1913 267 1 70 $0 54 | eaacvaees
Marshall Bedell oii oc. ecm ollie ave Feb. 12, 1913 vi? 5B aD es eee
Mdward Tooley iiecaueis wisiasarateeiergie Feb. 12, 1913 459 BGS! ie acaneec eal eee
Bedell co Mame kee ei yetss cre aheieterere rats Feb. 12, 1913 114 263" |. ou. oe al Monee
WE GY RODIN SOm Gee arent) oie. ae Om steno oka Feb. 12, 1913 912-A 75 15st saupueeeneeene
Wofield & Mersereau............... Feb. 13, 1913 100 SO irate al) ee
Wofield & Mersereau..............- Feb. 13, 1913 582 QO. cee asrintet A eke eee
Wofield & Mersereau............-.. Feb. 13, 1913 101 10" |e ceciers Ul Meee
Wofield & Mersereau............... Feb. 13, 1913 195 BO) swede tone oll Caveat
Wofield & Mersereau............... Feb. 13, 1913 295 TOE) vein cieneae All satan
Wofield & Mersereau.............. Feb. 13, 1913 102 2 Yo M) MMC iaiey am pairs SS
Rockaway Oyster'C@ol oc cocci ca Feb. 13, 1913 516 P80 in austere eee
Rockaway Oyster Goce ss). oc cisterns Feb. 13, 1913 347 a Lo a nen PS SS
Rockaway OVvsueri Gow. + ae are a eres) one Feb. 13, 1913 487 LOO Lo © vaca Gee
Rockaway Oyster'Go. 36 sacs eae Feb. 13, 1913 480 BD. ll icisrede econ eee
Rockaway Oyster Co. .2..2...6.<.0 Feb. 13, 19138 481 BOM hi sce daryill Capes
Rockaway Oyster’ Golan oe. fave alae Feb. 13, 1913 564 1 BO ie oe cas hee
Rockaway OvereriGows oe seluvele viele Feb. 13, 1913 84 ON | ds ab chan Hl ae
Rockaway Oyster'Cos is). 6. cde ede Feb. 13, 1913 332 i Ue: 5 el ae an tere Fet'A
RockawayiOysteri Go. .sic es 6 vee) o es Feb. 13, 1913 85 BOI os one wiet ltecereh erent
Rockaway OysternC@o 3. af occas ae Feb. 13, 1913 80 LO ies ai eve eae eee epee
Rockaway Oyster Co.............. Feb. 13, 1913 79 yl ean ne eat: ay.
Rockaway Ovyster:@occvi. se. sts 0 sae Feb. 13, 1913 158 165) ro nave) Siceote eens
Rockaway Oyster'Co. 2.6. es. ee oe Feb. 13, 1913 622 2) S00 ne Sys eee
Rockaway OysterCoweoi. bo.ssals con Feb. 13, 1913 135 oA 5S Mceeeaige | tise co, -
Rockaway Oyster Coes o'sise « oleilseye Feb. 13, 1913 229 2 CO") ie pray e 5) a cel oeeereee
Rockaway Oyster, Corus: s2...60. 08 Feb. 13, 1913 82 ir UPR et Rees:
Rockaway) Oyster! Cow ike eda. do oie Feb. 13, 1913 83 M25 ora te eee
Rockaway Ovster' Cow... <b. ewe Feb. 13, 1913 136 100) 3 2 etree
Tyimiam: WS BOGelle eire erste airlines Feb. 13, 1913 115 ZL (ho a es
Layman) Witt Degell cei.) thas ay Feb. 13, 1913 204 2 SB as Ee ete
Lyman We BRedelli vomit vain atu Feb. 13, 1913 221 1) 200)" She | on ere ae
yman We Bedell erin. ccissoees Feb. 13, 1913 206 i TiO Tea Vanier ety ene
Layman: Wi Bedellacraiternnsleos'e eee Feb. 13, 1913 228 QOS side eal aie tener
Isymani Ws Bedell: eee. ae age oe Feb. 13, 1913 219 TON ie, thateperea ll abe eters
IbymaniWie Bedell tae ean cies Feb. 13, 1913 213 BO cS, wine: (li teraienenenene
Liymani We Bedell: serne rei sveeiniae Feb. 13, 1913 225 AO) [Te oS te Genoneteketeae
PD: dé A: OystersGo wean: suey Feb. 13, 1913 Plot D 2 (SOU Pec ee cee
W Po Burbanks <ieencee cue een Feb. 13, 1913 509 98 2D ie retetanaraie
Pi Jan casterece accra) otter Feb. 13, 1913 584 OO esta | eens
Alexander'C:\Brazers. vein enemies Feb. 14, 1913 Pall EDA tesa ekacetes lMeverarapatane
Alexandent@.-Birazerih, 2 «iis oicleeeio Feb. 14, 1913 939 i I Ae ee er [Pores este
Alexander! CL ihtrazeriec. ui see Gee Feb. 14, 1913 994 20GB ponte a. (lueerateneicnene
Alexander!©.erazer cise. wero Feb. 14, 1913 1005 CBO ocean hae terete
Prazer ee; Eloughwolhas ane sacle Feb. 14, 1913 176 ES? UE WARPRRS okeesan [MC ety ef:
Frazer & Houghwout.............. Feb. 14, 1913 218 LZ ce acetet cle ll acekansuerene
Frazer & Houghwout). 2.0 ....02.0e8 Feb. 14, 1913 783 NO OOM ere ue alates
Brazen Houghwout. cc... sere Feb. 14, 1913 504 2 Oooo ena els 5 what ote
Ge Po WiriehticaSonie siete, ee Feb. 14, 1913 491 38 OS!) io eeceeeere
| WHS Hotehwotecme sci sicete ine Feb. 14, 1913 486 1 Wie 55 el Ree en (ene 1
Wee Hourhwoutvge el oases Feb. 14, 1913 512 G3) Gb Se ueteeee
| We i! Hotebwottye yiol.\. scien lee Feb. 14, 1913 694 10. Sa oo eee
Wi Houghwouteemo.puicneeee ne Feb. 14, 1913 899 OS le sea\aa ceil ete

CoNSERVATION ComMISSION 295

Taxes, Penauty anp INTEREST CoLLECTED — (Continued)

NAME Date Lot Tax Penalty | Interest
Weep eoucliwoutmcmmseiceece crac Feb. 14, 1913 978 Ca UO eal ne TAN | neat aU
HletchersiMeckersmme wee ieee salen. Feb. 14,1913 127 63) MSR ee alle encns
HMieticherMeckerseaiinciec ke oe Feb. 14, 1913 128-B 70 SOW 2 iu aan shee
AWE NA Shah U6] OUR eas oe UA REA cA Feb. 14, 1913 67 SyO Sai lee evepsieau leant eee
Georre Se Smithy erry alet ie lciciete Feb. 14, 1913 397 PAO Veal ayes meen y| (si eh Sti
Wallentine Smithers cise. cicrlecinie ns Feb. 14, 1913 365 15s 0 eee Wee Mi ee
WalentineSmithveaemeee aoe cncci Feb. 14, 1913 362 DOW afaseercc ton Eee eet ae
HennysSchlatenbermnn.c sos sense ee Feb. 14, 1913 238 1 00 ZOW Ae
ete mpVitller ana al a ronlurics sue NE Feb. 14, 1913 16 AZ Oe Mera ice eesticcis | miohen sie eteee
Pe bemVialer wyatt tehaleiacieiiaie eberaligndvets Feb. 14, 1913 1 OO src cil Reser
earch cole eee cu stas, a evelone a sveuetanteds Feb. 14, 1913 208 LOY Hee hay eR Te aS es
IEguKo henner RM Keyey Ves SPN IAS ee A MN nae Feb. 14, 1913 ile 40 TOP seen
Uo Jal, Solomon ag hon nose abun ole Feb. 14, 1913 312 PARC Na idle Micmac br eM [Nes ets Sie
If, 1st, Solana ING; Bins ooboaseaseoos Feb. 14, 1913 11 QO reas cares ee a
epee SclimechlicuNOw2 seen eli sere ani: Feb. 14, 1913 21 QRS Acces aronllnlceen are ereee
UepeenschimeclikwiNion 28 iy tae wen Feb. 14, 1913 632 DOG eeeraies: Keng sehlanaet
W. ONG RE crys eens iota ayena scales Feb. 14, 1913 179 TOM Wa uel en oe he
Robert W. ETO t aia eats el erctevanenrnne Feb. 14, 1913 334 25 Oat Sean
eny AB UTIMeEStEn a ieaitaie scsi canion Feb. 14, 1913 311 AyoOs eneal.cema | emelentac anes.
lenny unmestene, seicic es ecisieisineiiete s Feb. 14, 1913 29 GOI eos ae reve nh [STN arae
Henry, Burmester. 45 te ss cle nae alae « Feb. 14, 1913 28 (is al Beeeeieace Gurl (eleteieec ene
FlenrysBUrmestericumeclsnie ines ae ace Feb. 14, 1913 554 QMO W Alas iayoseernaulen eraieneens
EnryeSUNIMeStELs scisiclecen aisrelein ctor Feb. 14, 1913 63 1 55 A Giz Wieesenatti vs
PO MMP DEVS USM iste ene nid stoicensberecenereit Feb. 14, 1913 95 SO RPA cree ance NA
AMIMIGIOGITICOS paises: stories ce nivel aictere Feb. 14, 1913 66 DL aOu Mi Ws sronkhsnel! |eheepererers
Wallin @elinichish: pave nee alee slave Feb. 14, 1913 303 ASI Weise teen PiSAR ayaa
William Oelrichs......... Wis rarene lpeworare Feb. 14, 1913 67 FSI Seay once oR aa tnnert char
Walltarmns@elnichss starrer Feb. 14, 1913 65 SO Eis eep sell swale eran
\QValllinony Osan a6 oodaanudodos coe Feb. 14, 1913 302 DOr Nh cractratete te aera atone
GeorsenDirekens05 syed ds lc Feb. 14, 1913 43 SO era ee U ean Se
Walliams Schmeelke 7.5.3.5... Feb. 14, 1913 15 SO ee Seely Tene eesa
Wallitamon\iers chmeclkeyay stuns cates Feb. 14, 1913 316 DAO ity | prcl ase gettal en te ey Ny ere
Daa COMES cer yeas os Hicker oh vane Feb. 14, 1913 t7/ Oy eeu Sin iebanatn tas tue ie
Dea CUROMES A ehat seea cliente eines sdainana coat Feb. 14, 1913 315 Siu htm esr Gey UI aie aes
Weep VOTTISOM ey tare ete okerseenans Feb. 14, 1913 551 SO eRe eee
Wiig) TEUy INC p res Co) cle a isis eee OL nN nas Feb. 14, 1913 159 AO Tats eee Al heaters
NV pile VEOLNIS OM ay els cuete rere kucts suave Feb. 14, 1913 345-A borate GAS ol Race ian Mcat
di, Lely Srelaveneli< INOW Song 6 ao mee cae 6 Feb. 14, 1913 313 Di Dy i Ne eee reid | ane Dectae
dfs Isle Syolopanyeelllic INOW Bac eA Miao dae noe Feb. 14, 1913 314 BOE Gene Atel) Pees
Ue bleschimeclikwiINowase a ionic ctauee Feb. 14, 1913 14 DOOM Peete adil Aap tee ia
JepElen Sehimeciic INOwoeenr is. celica Feb. 14, 1913 13 Tidy -|e Mees eee a Pe cee a
epee schmeclikuNol secs neschvesean Feb. 14, 1913 18 SAO SSH ae eas al eee get rial
IVs Chae ia chen teyeneacirs) c2 jumeurirta ult Feb. 14, 1913 501 oye: Gael EEN cnn tial Aen dr Bal
eR WITI UN OMMAII TION syete/apiicrss ale acide Feb. 14, 1913 319 Zi AQ eve erates |e meses
TRS Vivinoaly AWiCoh all Not acy of Oe SPU ie pura hae Feb. 14, 1913 500 GON aia iy etal tees tines
BAW Mom iAla Tenino iia ce 6 vecuea ers Feb. 14, 1913 204 DAW A ik pac rasa PASI to
RaW VionwAihn eniyann sels cialcuaioisns io lere Feb. 14, 1913 32 2 GOs Wee asiabes cull eH Eysees
12, \Wivsom, Worst Jallobaeyite & Gillian doa cote dc Feb. 14, 1913 205 PA OSS allt telaeiriais Oli: keds kerries
Wavacelss © Olommrens tera ciara. Sada cosines Feb. 14, 1913 4184 7a Te | ORME th ROMER
Wawa GHB COLO ts Panis <h-vecsee stole ora Feb. 14, 1913 950 1 20 Saal eerte seats
isleymillenovel cos Oxo Oe Ga Bahia on edacon Feb. 14, 1913 268 CB eh cree Se Se san
av alandmcc@cdelllice Way een enue Feb. 14, 1913 465 QO Byer cet opens ieee aes Coke
lelenvalleyayel! eq Olle so aglow ane nu aed ¢ Feb. 14, 1913 8 aaa e neers Gindl i iebGuean oes
HavilandiyéOdellee nen ack mcen Feb. 14,1913 | 5,6 &7 TSS en. eee aes
letenvalleyovel Ge Olt, goa souobbbeooec Feb. 14, 1913 15 GOSH eae ae eens
Harilarid & Odell... 4, s...0. cee: Feb. 14, 1913 384 1 87 | Measles pons
HerdinandWiollems swackisecceee Feb. 14, 1913 87 Oe | Ee aa al Maa ees
Hercimancs Violent em vc siciceincrneiene Feb. 14, 1913 86 Ala icine eae lee eretoeia
Herdinand Mlollen ier ee mirelcideleier: Feb. 14, 1913 72 GO) Nae es eeakc peer
HerainandWVlollemys al ae ener Feb. 14, 1913 530 Bill, Coen iy ace, tte
HerdinangVioller. 4. cm elena Feb. 14, 1913 297 5). aoe Salers ee
Herdinanaduivlollens niin vues ceeeeee Feb. 14, 1913 296 (61 0) eS eis niet im Batecaciase ss
Ferdinand Moller............: Shee Feb. 14, 1913 6 By ils ee erate
VohnWteyeriee st), ashe so Atami eee Feb. 15, 1913 196 PLN Get oe | teria uals: 3
VOM AGP rice ec sales ela Orne ere Feb. 15, 1913 198 15} Olay ta orca, oe oH eRe
iendersonWourneaywueneeeei eee Feb. 17, 1913 595 Biol enn Reet | oes eaelG a
Henderson VOURNCAY aA eR isc eee Feb. 17, 1913 597 67 PAE aha Raa 4
Us Wo (Os Wolovelkel oma cones oudondooue Feb. 17, 1913 599 qa ay al WE tren Lak Mae ee a a ate
Ae W. CaBneglebrechtunqeuonoeuenen Feb. 17, 1913 389 eM ninicercas ried Ithencionere rons
a Wiha (GE phelebscche Ata OE Nomen ic Feb. 17, 1913 591 60 Daw ets
RG ei DulBos oe hake oil see eee Feb. 17, 1913 CGH CilW dapce econ ona Silhile mete:
Sb (Che 1D), JA, "& Mera wolimnesrs sre Feb. 17, 1913 857 - Alri anemone ee lth sa ent tyeat
Abe IG tes S. De Earth rake et cyte se ya Feb. 17, 1913 10 Pate Wee ed ek TER eA
GUS dee ccaihs ied D tend g ley eit ae Mina ie Rn | Feb. 17, 1913 I7e QU OCD AI cient ae

296

Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Taxes, Penatty AND InTEREstT CoLLEcTED — (Continued)

NAME

ee

cal al al celal al) La ba |
a
fo)
Ee
=)
a)

TES VOOM Grea ort MA are icine ol onto
MranleFolinee ts a seeaisle cine clelavec ene
MavidyOUNG i viaiccie hice ook «wie eee ee
Davidgiolnenis nis etc cons ccs tinea cite
DavadiVolimertcany odemiccte cack ce arereierere
POUMEPBrOS aa eis ch voka note nies pieces

Josephine Geffken. . i. coc cnc eee
Josephine Geffken...........0.000-
Albert Geilkeny:,. osm tclase cle cesses
Albert \Getihkene vn: s-vcetl: alec leteranee
Josephine CH Bir gseeeia sac ct oye mine
Josephine! ©. Biggge ans. asec eciee
WOkeDHINEC, BIgERe nee ee sees chee
OSepuIne G. Bivese cs tae ceases
Josephine @bisrsnce.aee eee er
John WMierrelllze seve cic visi eerie tee
DavidvJobnsorn se eeece cee
DA VIG SONNSON co untoiohe aie wens toe
David) JOHNSON ole cise cee
David Johnson jcc ee ence eke lene
David Johnson)-e eee see nee tee
George A. Schmeelk.............--
George A. Schmeelk..:.......02-.0-
George A. Schmeelk................
Wrederick Wenz yon sees sas wie nlainretee
Gustave Albmebt goss cs ees cline ee
Gustave! Albrigital aie bales s aie meee
Aiuneretia BiVloreyasee oeeesnxc ee
Menry, SO. Visarahsallenise seis micelle he cee
Henry SG. iMiarshalleicaces eee
Henry SiMiarshallt: 281545. cee eeecles
George Newbury oc i. Bic ves ble wens
RRM ottiss ae acini oie uo aioe bhai ante

Hb bb!

Stememeir & Hishers a)... . 4 s./s een
Josiah Thompson, 2. wen bi. ac| eee
Josiah Thompson. iiss cec cs eis eee
Josiah Thompson. (sats acie saciee een
JosIahy Chompsane sees oor eae
GW. Van Name. 200. coe ee eee
Gi Wi. Van UNameve teas een. eee
Blmer i. Palmer i252 ey eee
Himer i sPalmer. ssiiacete ee eee
Himer Palmer, 2.) .enas eee eee
Blmer T.Palmer: Jcjaeen sccm
Hlmer dT balmer see oa eee eee
Charles BE. Palmer & Son...........
Charles E. Palmer & Son...........
Charles E. Palmer & Son...........
CoE. ClRt& BH. Palmerys. 266 soon
Palmeri& Gomes cee
Abram Martineau. ies oss cue eee
Abram) |Martineauern cane teenie
Abram’ Martineaus Soe).'ce es one

Date

~» LT 1913
wali LOTS.
- 17, 1913
Sci Ls
. 17,1913
i ©Z; 298s
sli hOns
did, StS
. 17, 1913
» U7, 1913
Pug, OES
: £7, 19138
2 Li lone
. 17, 1913
. 17, 1918
- 17, 1913
ols
. 17, 1913
- 17, 1913
. 17, 1913
2 17, 1913
. 17, 1912
. LZ, 2943
. 17; 191s
Belg aks his!
sob Galviles
. 17, 19138
. 17, 1918
2 17, 1913
. it, LOLS
= Lg Likes
«id, LOS
. Ue OS
; Avy 1913
Sp 7 fra be ts:
. 17, 1913
. 18, 19138
. 18, 1913
. 18, 1913
. 18, 1913
5 13; 190s
. 18, 19138
. 18, 1913
; 18; 1903
. 18, 1913
. 18, 1913
. 18, 1913
. 18, 1913
. 18, 1913
» 48, 1958
. 18, 1913
. 18, 1913
. 18, 1913
- 18, 19138
. 18, 1913
2 1S; 19S
. 18, 1913
. 18, 1913
my ilies alte (ss
. 18, 1913
. 18, 1913
wal, Lol
. 18, 1913
. 18, 1913
. 18, 1913
. 18, 1913
eres Utes
. 18, 1913
. 18, 1913
. 18, 1913
Bop Nis)
. 18, 1913
. 18, 1913
. 18, 1913

Lot Tax Penalty | Interest
14 $0.30 Ss) Ree ee
149 2 00! 4)... RP Ree
145 SOD bl. ccameet ht eee
63 135 $OU27 te eee
58 2 Boil esi ee ee
340 BOW Ween ae
242 a Wo) > el aR beer rym 3!
59 DP OS A eae See a ee
435 DOB Ac eechelg ae eeenee
675 Bis (OAR ee
745 Para) 2, 200) eek
300 DOS Cee eee
9 33 Yi ee a tata cla
330 BO} ies eek |
292 pM? Yin ae eT es te
60 1 200) sp pee ae
343 102") incon
290 75 |) oe ea eee
4 355) See ee
5 BB one 1) eS eee
557 20' ||) eee ee
, 2 Ca eee
149 40.) 2620200 a
144 Til Sakoie ale See
524 T 00.) 3.8 ae
150 1 80s). 26.0 eee
151 15 82.4]) Oe
869 45 09'4|) Seer
167 50 eae ee
262 eo OM Ie ot .
606 55) foc iewea hh Seheeeere
608 ofa Ie ec) ches:
610 28) | snd See
210 2 70-3. eee
281 55. |, A oe Si ee ee
103 55 Ao Tala era 3 ok
320 2315 AS s|) Zeer
395 BOC | te cicls Scilla ee
399 SOs «io Shell eae
940 43 O94) (ere
653 FOZ ls. ce eee
761 TD WR ah eel | eee
764 Oil fascicles ere a Deen eee
635 30 OG |) eevee
6 35 O7)l) soN era
433 O20 Nisa Oe ee
199 1 3b ee: eee
108 L050 ae eee
309 3230) cole ee
vA FD: || vasa ROS rae A] eee eee
123 45 107s | eae
358 5) ccudeers eh Eres
366 Me Weenie Worcs rs Ate E
348 2:40 |) ca eel aera
342 125) 5|\ Leela area
91 A&G 4 BB) Gieihe err Roeieteenene
122 L TO Sines. eae
123 Se |, eee ch CO eres
323 1) 306 Sse eee
55 1304. eee ieee
697 32 i eases as
973 8.00) |) basal ae
953 DPS | eee hee eee
897 B20) ocala
896 3.73) ses) ae
Several LB G3 Alb ieee | Mette
Several 62, SO! | ceielare Gey eae
Several TA SBO A fee Al Ge cette
671 i eo Te ae ON eb ts As
859 L620 Wicavcig ea) Peierls
369 B00. 5, Soe eee
8 SOE) hah) oy Al Aen
385 1 ODE oie) ents, alec
506 DE NIC che Lal eters

ConsEVATION ComMMISSION 297

Taxes, Penatty AnD INTEREST CoLLECTED — (Continued)

NAME Date Lot Tax Penalty | Interest
AbramiViantineaueayeccitrdeeneine Feb. 18, 1913 377 SLNOO Mam lhotieeerspeees
NbramuViartine amacrine cars iension. Feb. 18, 1913 228 PPR DY PMLA beeen ene chicl Bes te
Abram Viartineaer mien cere cieieusr evs cre Feb. 18, 1913 230 oye TAU I hevewenya eeicd pus eas 8
Albramelantimeant yams craccicle ae cle Feb. 18, 1913 865 DAC ol Weep p ata aml WA casera fh
dy 18k, Goldy els Warealehavel Uiey obia6 ado oo Feb. 18, 1913 521 eZ O Wi eet aaysicur Neneh ene
Ass JEL, ae dalely Wireclenncl does oo ocuone Feb. 18, 1913 607 PAEES, Val loner eared cir (ERAS hee
df, Tt, We dn 1als Warealewocls dec Gaoosano6 Feb. 18, 1913 185 SOOM OH ser ay eri Uae ae
Jenn ce ienVirecland Jie s)ersjeiaeciele Feb. 18, 1913 633 1 Lge U5) a oe PA an es ans
C@hanlesiB Denton iia «1 averers ciel: -eu-)ane Feb. 18, 1913 340 DODO pererarae inh da ayer seh
(Cliemics) 13, IDEM. ooddoouboddoneaD Feb. 18, 1913 341 SOS Eee eae
@harlesheneDentonmeaeieecne cee ee Feb. 18, 1913 153 SSE A ay co tor
Charleswee Denton: sieve sveleis/e crests) ete Feb. 18, 1913 152 80 SOV aM Many
@arlbReens ev as Mey Me oh en raae | Feb. 18, 1913 308 SOOM atts pee Ty erate
@arleBeers neatly sisciehens ouelsvetergeleiehals Feb. 18, 1913 133 oS) eee eae al i ante
GarlbP eerste as aise wire abereraiei mata cielars Feb. 18, 1913 215 70 AWA Pee eee i
TolnelVier Slee tities etoeorctere Ae patel Feb. 18, 1913 129 SNR RC NW RO Vege aaa
Voli IMG Sera. oko sauooosbbodoedd Feb. 18, 1913 125 DEO TE ha thon sea lia ataneta
Hstate of Jacob Brady.............-. Feb. 18, 1913 249 GOON hei tees cease
Wallteirmn © sR orth eines. wie sreverais eve oe Feb. 18, 1913 329 SuOSialliarauaare amilh pereteeie
WilliammyG@s (Portier ec ersle sie «i ereieie Feb. 18, 1913 323 Sr trivern mera uate
Wallliamy©Rorths seme aces OR ore Feb. 18, 1913 325 ZOOM eee ait irate ae
WalliaimyC2 Porth serievrceices See Heb TS e193 319 1 Re PATH NeeMcuesoro tall Genet hots
Wwrilleaay (CO, Iter Vea 5 lobodnoomo od Feb. 18, 1913 332 idee esiakeesaeew [veel aenees
Wall tarme CpRorthw ere notetele rere ctersiere Feb. 18, 1913 843 DT Dales Sys air H cies ey od
WAllrarmny@ sorb sets: eieiel ss ei yolenel= Feb. 18, 1913 321 SOP pay Te ce fas ces oc
Walia @es ont ney yee tevereieien Feb. 18, 1913 331 DS OMe Ree a Nessa NS
\Whillitein G5 Xora, Shp odaoousboe oboe Feb. 18, 1913 SVC TZ Olivers teh Wonka eee se
Wallaams ©. Ponth ay acre cietesrchelenelorets Feb. 18, 1913 412 GS lay yates eee
Walla Caos waterctae sl cre ciel teers Feb.- 18, 1913 779 GB AGOss rete ee Rl ee ees
Walliam Ge eonthisnn erect A ee Feb. 18, 1913 408 BATS 1 leone eS Parl (ea tL) o
Walliami@ Portis cet Panty Feb. 18, 1913 781 NO ZAO Ae ici wae MMe ans ms A
INf, Ge AGERE es Story Oa dosacccuonr Feb. 19, 1913 85 P23 Oil ieee cienedaton tnnareicuecctens
NEU SerAlckenly, ec isonl @onns <n vcrecicae Feb. 19, 1913 87 Dare Moye Teer siniescrtial Wiener ee a tay
INSiSaeNckerlyvécisonl@oe ecu de cele. Feb. 19, 1913 86 HERA UYH ved ey eee cell ah (Ea eek Tot ea
N.S. Ackerly & Son Co............ Feb. 19, 1913 Several AO DR SOU rae ca|h Nertatarenes
Inf, Be UNGlkenliy 5 Stor. (Cos 6 So nnboe ace Feb. 19, 1913 Several PPA Eo activin e bike ih Mia bi ere
ING eAckerly & Son) @ox ss... ee 2 « Feb. 19, 1913 Several SOA es sensei deeteennt shale
IN}. Si, Nolkeadhin es Stor COs Guns oeodook Feb. 19, 1913 Several TR SOM ake cy ait RTA weirs
INE oopAckerlyéciSon!@or ne cne see Feb, 19, 1913 Several LO OO MAUS etic lh evaveteraiale
INGISoeAckenly ds Son @Oonece. «2 vane Feb. 19, 1913 Several DOBOOS tee eeee oy Hekate
IN}. Sy AG, es Sto (COn6 Gadoscoode Feb. 19, 1913 16 2 Dia | Wiehe eae Se
N.S. Ackerly & Son Co............ Feb. 19, 1913 480 Oy OS cllibe irs eee Nf ere aes ee
IN SaAckerly dc) Son) @Olenes 6a tecies Feb. 19, 1913 984 Si FOO es Bee es Mecsas
Ne SerAckenly dc son! ©onec.. anise « Feb. 19, 1913 985 PAST (OLD) Hacer en cermt Pane es bebe ae
MGA olay by Adare G gocudoouoeonN Feb. 19, 1913 15 AQ WA Sralhiny sens Gh deers
JonunpMemVandevieensan vals ciee semi Feb. 19, 1913 Several SOMOO Gi rset ih water aay
Johnpele Wandeveens ian acieis scrers cls . | Feb. 19, 1913 Several Zier OO A NR ea toe 1A ROA aise
RED) awwasiAic keri) Mosaic te srciedes & sieves Feb. 19, 1913 16 TA HOOM Peas oe lh heal renetaus
Ee D avi SwACKerlivacin serge sla clelaievsis avers Feb. 19, 1913 17 ASHAOM Rett chil! Galeveictere re
SmlbeuRoveAckerly: seme ors cre selave ots Feb. 19, 1913 | Section C DARD KOI eh crepe a hy | Neat eect
Selves RioyeAckenly om aeiecrecteleras oro Feb. 19, 1913 Several SZ VOOM Met accevet) Nae ea eget
INS HUANG ei hig ila ok hak Micuniereactoneiotc Feb. 19, 1913 14 ASN OO ili ercvaisen oe peer reetehs
NPE S WAIC KOT Vien vale eure emein were ore Feb. 19, 1913 Several POOR ea iia iy areee re
Benjamin We Ganley aoe weloeiers oeie cine Feb. 19, 1913 Several PPI Vel Wye enn ML Re a ere
1Byarauenoon. VA, GEMS So aocooucdaddooss Feb. 19, 1913 Several SOKOOM eRe starch lbecisnneretete
Akos eyoloy INL, IBGE, Go Gon cago dooNd oc Feb. 19, 1913 Several EC LOO NOs vse reteys anita. apenseiere
Josep hy Views elionrcdl ye mica ecerrter Feb. 19, 1913 Several DS OO IAs evecare: fal tte ceeds
VOR OV IML EChiei ole Joigcganboadbonout Feb. 19, 1913 Several SOAOON ace aan Ee heer
Abima@ ony IP IMO 6 o6aGu obo dDbUboa Feb. 19, 1913 7 30 OGn leaner
ElerbentrAndrovettenaceunucs secrcoine Feb. 19, 1913 178 60 TAR Re
HebletchertHordhamins ..\ecm aeee Feb. 19, 1913 Ue AYP ADI RBI toes aoe Ole
FieehletchensHord hamiens ct cenemiereiioet Feb. 19, 1913 74. 17 25 GN GOW ys sees 5
Wai amcOlINe ccs som kee shone caeeelaee ee Feb. 19, 1913 70 2 63 A thee ie 2 a
@hristianiWalle oe ee ei keeacete Feb. 19, 1913 279 a Ta NUN MC PaTCNeRCRS SF | fe enceons Seek
@hristiamyWalle ys) ase aca Feb. 19, 1913 626 SSH Ses sre vlnl nlesoeweanere
@hristianiWialles Ws ere arcin a crea Feb. 19, 1913 396 dcr OMEN eI RU| [EE ctl ee
@hristianewalley oan deer ieee ae Feb. 19, 1913 679 WS BEE Ae AME ie a
@hristianiwrallesacae se eee eee Feb. 19, 1913 394 SISA Tae itt | lan nae one ees
Mavhorzevo7 bhHompsoneennicesoeien Feb. 20, 1913 4224 73 Gale tec raretrs
Wieslevaidihompsonieeran ier rieeieloin Feb. 20, 1913 126 gOS Matar ten hee ng the, ae
Wiesleysdhompsonneee cine eee ene Feb. 20, 1913 642 1 FS ell Pare ec ea Wane
Wesley ithompsoniagoeniecaceiecnie Feb. 20, 1913 640 ZI ii tray cose tenon | on teameny ches
Wesley wihompsoninigsncemiceenicneee Feb. 20, 1913 776 ib alls) Se asec

Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb. 21, 1913 9 ZGEGari Re ieee eles ia a

298 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Taxrs, PENALTY AND INTEREST CoLLECTED — (Continued)

NAME
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System.....:....... Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sezlshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
Sealshipt Oyster System............ Feb.
John DaPord eee eos. eee Feb.
Oyster Bay Oyster Co.... 2... .4.080 Feb.
Oyster Bay Oyster Co..)...5....05. Feb.
Malls' & (Ronikeety Cet eee Feb.
William pS VGlsy vii ers eee cones eee Feb
William Ruddock. hyenin eee Feb
Aw Wi. Sharrettei( . ac. ec 3 ome Feb.
A. We Sharrett.) 2.) sh) Soa. sho ee Feb.
ASW Sharrept, ccd) hao 2s eee Feb.
JAS W's ISRAMEOUEY knvcie) cope nares ee Feb.
Alfred Jones si} Nyc. s Sesh doa ee a Feb.
TEareius G7 JOnes 3. \5 divas oo ae ee Feb.
By Mackey saline tasteton.s once Feb
By Bi Mackey.wire eee coe ae ee Feb.
BBG Magkeyi iin aie es oe eee Feb.
WharlesiCowensen sees soe Feb.
Stubbs @ Alloa: acd esis dee eee Feb.
Henry Stubbsic rs soe alc cscs ae Feb.
Henry Stubbs ies geen alee Feb.
Daniel Roland yan Siac Ae Feb.

Date

21, 1913
21, 1913
21, 1913
21, 1913
21, 1913
21, 1913
21, 1913
21, 1913
21,1913
21, 1913
21, 1913
21, 1913
21, 1913
21, 1913
21, 1913
21, 1913
21, 1913
21, 1913
21, 1913
21, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, LODS
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19) 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
19, 1913
25, 1913

. 25, 1913
. 25, 1913

26, 1913
26, 1913
26, 1913
26, 1913
26, 1913
27, 1913

. 27,1913

27, 1913
27, 1913
27, 1913
27, 1913
27, 1913
27, 1913
27, 1913

Lot

BNWRURNIOS |

28
Several
Several

463
Several
Several
Several
Several

891

Several
Plot D
688
Several
Several

Section C
90

Section A
Section D
Section F
Section A
94
503

Tax |

NOOPWHAWORAOOWwW Wh

Penalty | Interest

0 =) (em) mae

0 ea whey

eee eee

ek a wee

eee eae

a} ey eke

Wig CLL ba ec

uh Whe ar)

see eee

pe) 6 68

arelens @)'¢

Ce Yes CPI

eee oe

eee eee

Dewi ee

0 © eee ere

eee nee

a) aevh Bee

«ae twee

o ie eee e

ae et) a Mie

eee eee

OC ut ae |

eee eee

0 ave"e siete

2 ¢ 06 5) 0K6

eee eee

Pi ie a)

oe it aw mee

a

o @ eek tee

o 8 i we ene

ot eva wees

eee wee

PC Ar ter Ye ke |

a

eee eeee

eee eene

oeeeeee

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION

299

Taxes, Penatty anp [INTEREST COLLECTED — (Continued)

NAME

DamicluRiolancineearecs aera elite
DanirelwRolanai yaya Hee el a ouioneiele
ManreleRolamaiyie ey we ee iia hte
NS WASH TOS ee ns ie tiayaiads tomas tenis
ES WASMETOSHE RE yo eisot Serie atauetia lane ye
GeorsevEimehicksaynenr minis caer
(GCOHEG TELS eI AA a
Geore CHE Eick ryan mc uate ane
PAV eRELOUSTIMA IN ei gews aelealciaiycusuan inne
Pe ElOUSITamini te mits cee it ap ezuNe cole
@hnistianeEloobsherwceinkice dae as
@hinistranuEloobsy ccs csieete eto hoe
Mattituck Oyster! Costas. ceee ane
Mattituck Oystern Conte voles see
Misttituck Oyster Cove... ele
Matiibucks Oyster! Condos ss ous onal
Meattinucel: Oyster Conese sea deen.
Miaiiitucky Oyster Con eens soo oe cae

H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
iHeaWieochimeciic/ Oyster @on. cs eae
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
Ho Wi. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co........ “s
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeellk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.......

H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.........
CAC CaMieDeckerte nes ane
ClCre CoMe Deckers ee

619
Several
Several
Several
Several
Several
Several

Tax

— Od © = NR Re or

Ree Reb

Ke ee wee eS We

Penalty

eee eee

oe ee ee
see eee
eee ewe

see eee
eiiellelielalte
ene valle) olla
ajlay ellalaje
See iianel elie
eee eee
@ fe /avie ice
eee eee
eee eee
ee eeee
eee eee
OOO Oo
eievelieftele
sie eileliele
eerere
see eae
OO. on Ou
eee eee
ees eee
aj le) isyiate)
©) e/a) sep
ee) a) ule
selene ews
eee eee

COO

Interest

eee ee ee
ss ee eee
>) ellovalien sie
ee ee eee
wileliel fel s)leijs
eee ee ee
es ee eee
see ee ee
cee ee oe
ay
ay
a eee eee
SC CY
ails helelis Keio
a)
Soon oD GC
see ewe
© a) el eile|\e@
a er)
see ee we
se ee eee
see eee
see eens
ee ee eee
Se
AO DIO, O.0
© (e}jo) a jes) es.
eee ee ee
ec ee eee
eee eee
Oi GO ONO O
see ew eee
ey
«eee eee
ry
isin s) = te
Cl wiisiiniali=ite
=~ eee eee
se eee ee
ee ee eee
eWalrelepe) ake
eee ee ae
ee
O00 OO OjG
Ochi ONoho 0
ee ee eee
wie), (0) eval e
SAISON) OO
BS Ooo OL, O
Recrui co
eee ee ee
OR CCROTE SS
ae een ee
Gf ora oro O70
Chelsie auaye
eee wens
ee) «ere e, ©
ee ere eee
CCH CS 1D
ee ee eee
eee eee

300

Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Taxes, Penatty AnD [nNTEREST CoLLEcTED — (Continued)

NAME Date
CCH EIC HME Deckernceintes.e as eee Mar. 4, 1913
GCoMM Deckert te rek. euic 7ibon ame Mar. 4, 1913
JameswA> ‘Bartley sevantern tise ss cio ae Mar. 4, 1913
WalloartiNiniMianeerree 2 on oh ae cian Mar. 4, 1913
WalbuniNaiMianessiitaeete te sacks einer Mar. 4, 1913
WillouniNGiNiamees rica] ccicke er aiene Mar. 4, 1913
TNGaiGirigimoeenae e sees a oe ciated eke Mar. 4, 1913
George Wi'Conkdini. aie) oc ssc 2)s ee as Mar. 4, 1913
StinimaiOvsteriCosseeececic. seer eee Mar. 5, 1913
Wallramaiby lo yibaze eeyeiaa ecaioisies male Mar. 5, 1913
RoscoclBishoper: saltiimcss oa este eater Mar. 5, 1913
Biltwabeth Denice. shee cas cls moles Mar. 5, 1913
Mlizabethwpentee yas yao ences cic Mar. 5, 1913
Pidward Wiebberuy: sce © cebu. 3 sels aisha Mar. 6, 1913
Howard! Wiebbercnc cose ase os saree eiios Mer. 6, 1913
Ridward Webber... che te. ssc s aes Mar. 6, 1913
HawanrduvVepbenr-s...tmic aera ie.e ecioe siekele Mar. 6, 1913
Hilsworthy Be Wewise ive seo. 64 4a s Banos Mar. 6, 1913
Plswenbhi Bs Wewise na ssiccsae cence aor Mar. 6, 1913
Ellsworth Be Gewisecdselsch scissile saieee Mar. 6, 1913
Hisworthi Bw bewish fess ssc ss Oe reeve Mar. 6, 1913
HilsworthyBstWewis's simi eis eno Seeks Mar. 6, 1913
Blsworth Bubewist vee eniuis cisichee ae Mar. 6, 1913
Mersereau & Lewis. ......-....00.. Mar. 6, 1913
Charles Borardus.. ac. ose +s sees Mar. 6, 1913
ESB Mla CRG yes erheci aici’ «feb: fels a sie selene Mar. 6, 1913
@harles' V2 Leviness), 2)... 2.0 .suen- Mar. 10, 1913
Charles Vi Pevinessi a2 ss vies sae e eae Mar. 10, 1913
WA Bisworvh Sprague... nice censors Mar. 11, 1913
W. Elsworth Sprague.............. Mar. 11, 1913
W. Elsworth Sprague.............. Mar. 11, 1913
Wi: Elsworth Sprague. oo. ce sone Mar. 11, 1913
Wis Bisworthi Spraguen ce: ui. dese else Mar. 11, 1913
GeorgevER. Sharretti.. «nce. assess Mar. 12, 1913
Bertha’ Shaxrrett. 5 ose serfs sleep ees Mar. 12, 1913
SAP Stree ye ee tate ya psiln eee beuict et seat Mean Mar. 13, 1913
NelsontJacklimuseiy iene eet Mar. 13, 1913
Nelson Sialeklimt, - ie aeteree es nikter iets Mar. 13, 1913
Nelson) Jackin eee rcr ees © te Mar. 13, 1913
INelsoniJacklimiie een cle cess cle eeaane Mar. 13, 1913
Nelson Jaclelins Jae teria & ela las ae aoa cae Mar. 13, 1913
Nelson mintckding Cee eli eae Mar. 13, 1913
Charles L.Pearsalle es ise. ots eee Mar. 13, 1913
Charles" E Pearsall Sane. ict ease coe ene Mar. 13, 1913
phoma (Colones ee oie we eee ne ie Be Mar. 15, 1913
Mirs:Gharles!Zeieler! ics. est. cine Mar. 15, 1913
Mrs. Charles Zeigler. $0.) 5. ee ae Mar. 15, 1913
Marsii@haries!Zerelensets hc: ids cle c/s ence Mar. 15, 1913
SENG OO Ver amir aie ele neck crs at) cae Mar. 15, 1913
IB RS Golongyeh es Sey arse wena fe dre Miaees Mar. 15, 1913
Johnibei@inclevai eames c ate ane Mar. 15, 1913
J EUMieGrodden ey aaa ieve ene ee Mar. 17, 1913
Clara MeCroddene: percents: ets ee Mor. 17, 1913
BranksiRiogers/t Oy ebecetde iis ean Uae Mar. 17, 1913
rank: RO Mer Sane) o kueiaeereisieteketat werent nies Mar. 17, 1913
rank Riogersin sere een anes Cats Mar. 17, 1913
Prank: Rogers) ae aewan siaes somes Mar. 17, 1913
BR DO waist) yee. ertans ele Git vole ara eile Mar. 20, 1913
BE (Downs! 64) chiseee eos ables eee Mar. 20, 1913
HY SS Vian. Wagner scent: o> anieeeie Mar. 21, 1913
‘homas Li JOWES\ 4 et tenia see eee Mar. 28, 1913
Thomas his JODCs. 4s ates aeeeomete Mar. 28, 1913
Thomas Ti JODesian ove shee ieee ee Mar. 28, 1913
‘homas ia: JOOeS poe ece see eee Mar. 28, 1913
Thomas Wu JOpes\: hace ano ae Mar. 28, 1913
Thomas sli yoves: wae ecee ee eee Mar. 28, 1913
Joseph: Ryder Ok Aaa Bele aoe Mar. 29, 1913
Grace Ju Ryder. 2a seco toe Mar. 29, 1913
Benjamin: Ry Gere. % saan Co eeeee Mer. 29, 1913
Benjamin Ry derc ss) ros ee Bee nee Mar. 29, 1913
Ben jmin VR y Gertie s. eee eee eee Mar. 29, 1913
BenjaminoWy der cys woes hone ee Cee Mar. 29, 1913
JohneL. Merrell) tits: 2 ees eee eee Mar. 29, 1913
John Menrellise- 2 ite oa eicine eee eee Moar. 29, 1913

Lot Tax Penalty | Interest
670 Se BY S27
734 31 a MC a RAR -
603 8 30 $1 66) s|' sacre aes
156 Osis) ater <i cy'| eae
76 By sl Sens Ne ee ee
452 58 36) ll) secre
13 ZO) 9OE aise aan illl cuopenaceneen
996 23 25 AOD» ||) Scvcrnpoe
Several 52 5C 10% SOL hei cate
Several 8 55 nae it UNS Nes
9 967") 2c csciee toe
258 Bs lok, es ce
259 90 ra eS 4 oy
183 SO | saslsied aS pee eee
44 BOs Ih cick icc. aa ee ee
10 L AO) sods lee
47 T 4B gate 6) ll eee
177 40))|l) ‘Sind ood ulthe eeee
189 SOM Andes ovo ee
191 1 ON RPMs
iS Sh. & cbse we eee
181 i 15 ta Eo tA
682 20) li 2 Seep Ree
669 63 133|,\ 2 Saeeee
655 1185.) «sence ale eee
Section E 3) G8" TL eee
238 90.) | levies: cule eee
230 BO) Gicdusscve all eee
374 3:65. |} cae «calle
405 2: 30):| beeen ule ee
406 1. BOe | 28 Se eee
470 8130) 2.3 2 eee
373 W. LO: IW) sa areca eee
486 1 55) iin see lee
148 LO Shite cote e,
1000 12 50 2. 50: 3. ae eee
192 Dy ch ede ace, 14) eoeeee ee
546 G8 ih jc dione Ae
556 BO. | cies ole
774 Sb i Oeics 4 ee
790 BD esa eiuercall as Sere ene
828 OEE He Hp bch talc. c
44 95.) eee cae Il eee
421 3 90 O7)| oe eee
448 2B i) eekeeseue ||) eee
4144 5A Gs pvielene tou itlly deve eerererane
416 DBL) bbc Bibusne, All tec eee
422 73 38. | caeerene
951 2.130. || xzntesine alee eee
952 AQ? hi see kuove eh eee
8 90.) 6c ae eee
22 £00 ol. Aes ele
23 65 1S: shes see
36 27. GO) aes ey lees Bete
37 | 24. SO. elec event we see
35 OA Oil 5 dteaeveve wiliine one
103 TAD Al rors aibvete, des Sees
Several 1006.1) ieee ile eee
Several 15 OO Gh soe eiss cell beers
567 1 00 20) 15.28 oe
550 A SS ill cevahocnategtlllenereaereteme
548 foto el Renn |e et kt,
579 Si ll eithiskaea haere
573 SO all potato tdsrecall teen
581 P52 ie ees EN Woe tect Schoo
840 AON scbaitsrsvcteeulh ie eden terete
288 50 LO a eee
119 20 O44). os eh oe
246 BO) wate se veacsoral Mel seo
97 AD wet oaderallelersee oe
93 AED il! ave fevevate ¢hiliate ohelevenee
126 15 SE AN Sees
524 DUDA stem & eddies Hl Macsto tees
504 2 Seino Gelnice || eee

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION

501

Taxes, PENALTY AND INTEREST COLLECTED — (Continued)

NAME

John I.
John I.
John I.
John I.
John I.
Johns rere aeuioe eer
John I.
John I.
John I.
John f.
John I.
John I.
PAV EITE WAMU AGL Clini ote Gara a ea) Stowe ona aes
NTO WHER ACLS NaNyt me lap erst sv te ey areolar as
JNSOCHRA IREKCKSINE Be cin oom OG in eae
PATIOE WEVA awh mene. a lataletey s inisrcie lees
ANcaG ey, RENO KN Gels ia 6 cero GO Eee

3
i=}
KSEE ERR ERE RE EERER SESE

oy
(oe)
jerier
BB
bot
nll ool

C4
re)
is
B

Srclninel Onyeueie OOocceogscusveceoe
SuancarciOvsten Cosa cise
StandardiOvsteriConsemcaeiaee eee
StandarcduOystern Comnemeiircioe sein
StandardiOvster Comrie acs eiecrelce
StandarauOvster | CoOsseaesic seeeiciees
Stancdand Ovsten Come ciscrictiec cies
SoandanraiOystenr Cosa smiemeie cic
Standard Oyster Cong... skien sae
Stipmeleiel Oxo GOsootcoacunocnagcs
Standardi@vster|©on vase aneie ees
Shimacliel Onenee COscocboocooosnoae
HuandarcuOvystern Cove sacri eeeee
StandaraiOystern|Corsscmreiceeeiee
Standards@x stern! Conca cieee aie
Standaradi@yster Covase eee eee
Standardy@yster|Consess eee teers
Standardy@ysterniConnawiesentane cies
Standardi@yster Conse. seme
Standardl@yster Cosson. asaeriene
Standard’ Oyster Con ssceqcscsuee se.

Date

29, 1913

Lot Tax Penalty | Interest
833 SUS OAR eet eae Ue
446 TPA RS auR PIE nT UN OT Aa bello
258 SAW ii sal aera re) | Metin ute rah
477 SSP Thal Ne eat esac eae ee RL
478 SOON ean snl Cl alae
474, AE AUTUCS Sela seer a UUs ye sca a ye
475 ES Si Np con EG ANP Tapa etre bet
476 AA SrA unre ee sNNIA Ve ease
232 STOO UNA ANCA EN ENG rae Anu
352 DOS! UH eee ET ESR U
460 GOP eee LM pea eran
919 3 60 SG oil eeu
3 AS PS Sei (Rresue Aten bn. el Nn
75 PAO a MSN PDB ENS CRE S iy brn a ged UE
76 2 Oe OD ia Res ce ton ee UST
ie ZOMOO TH en eee Te RTE cen
78 ZO NOONE as SAT Se be
98 Z EM OOWRGAR EseEEs Sinan siinnete da
99 ZOKOO MM ees a ater ake
8 PSPS MANET TIA eat URE
50 PARP AD NA Miare BAAR eran Ue adel RULE
46 OANA OI Rte Gre denen CARE ea
45 AREA OH NA SPIT Aas eae
44 DAMPA Oe tag aA 5 <UL a ete
47 PED (Qi pupes MNT aN ea eee
51 D2 Nei iene eee ened aT One Gye eet
49 DAPAU I Huts toads) OMNIA alla
43 Dee Oia eat he se Be aa lean heat
48 PA ZOwility commen ney Ale Gen iad (eee
42 2 AIST Hee eens al ta Soong
2 NEMO |Purnrers tainly rey
67 SHO are tes shee ey aD
68 ALOUD Aan es Te a
55 SE SONI e suet Ol atn dea Hu rwete
238 SATOMI EPR call Ree ee Tina
it? ORG O le Fee ub Baie iene ye ont
115 RS ENS IMAL Auer MeN net ENT AU Cy
119 ACA ONG crete cer natietrelie eae
116 NG FS SIE TOE IEE RAIL INE pis
Talal PS SOM ieee ren alice ae
110 OTA ST Mee rer eun | paen erties
125 ARO orale evened tae bat ane er
124 OE OP alia eater re at aN iin ae
iil} GONGOM nye eves Alba rca
Several AACS TO MRC RIA ee Aliana
Several ALO OM Ree ears linear neat
83 LQ 2a eet ea enh tie cpa
69 DS ENOy Mase Neca a ates RCL es
72 SONS a ere cn ait eh oe ee
Several SCO YS SE OYO RRL A reach sel (Neer hash
Several SBS AUS UN HITE Rey romn Naar eat aay ie ah ae
Several SHinG dian llee seer ca alee eset.
186 | UAE AN Lae oo hs Bena ALA Nea
226 MAY Oak epee oresteee dl, (oceans vanes
240 SO Melenet enn ketahe ce a ae
654 2 Oa MAE CONERGY AN i
216 | Ea eerane cil aoMiraniib
2, DAW EDTOI fl ee At 0a acs
256 GESZA ETA Each Val ean tien
53 a Wie? A Oil Weiss ate AIM eS AY AL
73 io SYN neHenetessecin uN veekie aL titi
483 GOP ero AA aia Raan ae
492 AS eer eeh vo iar Ry ath eal
499 TSA RAR ener alli tate ra mtane
74 DCS aA Nt a hes a ELAR a aie
41 IS Wala eP eR Sicuetal loholaorcie ote
40 TO i Freee ae eat RT
856 TD ANS: Ci ek aa GOS ithe neat ar
174. AGO een hi ayaa Meee see
147 QAO lire oe en iy [ileeas saa
493 DFAS LNT Me female ML unt bas
676 ASR GOs allie seen es (MAMI ee ete de
Several G2OOU, K rehie Ae tae ten ea aad
252 SCOOT eh Mer pee yee

302 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Taxes, PenaLty AND INTEREST CoLLECTED — (Continued)
| RS SE

NAME Date Lot Tax Penalty | Interest
Standard’ Oyster, Cotsen wanes oe see Mar. 29, 1913 479 $2) TSS eB ieti Siew
Standard Oyster'Covgse aes aredon ane Mar. 29, 1913 860 2800 | viattiesiccan ine eee
Standard Oyster'Coe. 2 jo. . 5 sence Mar. 29, 1913 238 0. BO? | ceatsiiell Pee eee
Standard Oyster Cosco naan Mar. 29, 1913 902 UA SU elas Nh aCe
Standard Oyster Cosas coset ee Mar. 29, 1913 903 OB 0) wiv cheexeuulane ens ered
Standard Oyster(GCoieeiaw oe. eae eee Mar. 29, 1913 904 POS) 5 ae eau ies eee
StandardiOvster Covance cces ose Mar. 29, 1913 905 MOB oe Seeactena aleve auc
We Hii bockwood jana se A nek a ose as Mar. 29, 1913 920 PSO Aes sy cea De eae
Wel ockwooGliiie seer acca ates ORNs Mar. 29, 1913 925 12 il Wn eee eeiteys
Wi. el Wieelswaoe”. wins oh eth. «ne a bere Mar. 29, 1913 927 “ESBNB0e | i Se ath ae ae
Wi Pe eekwood stack ©.) Soke Mar. 29, 1913 944 OV O0 Ss hiee le eee
WEEE iso clkawoOGinirinees ot ee ane ee Mar. 29, 1913 945 QuSD! i = 2 heute lie eee
RacdelOystenOorn.c wae esti s Saale Mar. 29, 1913 5 AZ SOA. hosa aeieadtleeniee
iRadeliOwsterCorlcs: ve oie a je tee aes Mar. 29, 1913 if 58) 800] | site enk A eee
Radeli@yster Course. iseesise es ciae nce Mar. 29, 1913 4 25 BS lees. cai oll eee
Radel Oyster: Cons ce cee aiielecsiae hae Mar. 29, 1913 6 36) OO)! 0.32 stn ieee
Wide MicGrory in Sieh k oe sors See Mar. 29, 1913 285 10 30 $2 06 ff Jcinckier
James "A. Devesughis gokwic. os onesie Mar. 29, 1913 235 S10 62.,|\;.uineeinad
Joseph BUGlaster sn ste Gale ols cle sie Mar. 29, 1913 248 AD | ies wars ei) he rene eee
WNC ea: At Glaser sc aace ae Mar. 29, 1913 245 5 90") is escaanl ae
BGA EV AC MGlaslobas ae jaisvarie ees Mar. 29, 1913 246 5D) | is epenstienstk ft tone
BC CED pA Glacier wae nie icis cee ne Mar. 29, 1913 237 AVR |! |. Sera | ee
New Mork. Oyster Conde ic Si dec ene Mar. 31, 1913 565 63.7) co scidise dll poe
New: York) Oyster Coke. sco sos ccie eae Mar. 31, 1913 549 GD caw tetera
New Work Oyster (Corso. ose te cee Mar. 31, 1913 622 4 23 [ote eeee | eee e eee
New Work Oyster! Cones. 3 2 fs oecee ee Mar. 31, 1913 604 SOS cia\erehaotll eee
New Mona Oyster (@Osee.. 2s ae cca Mar. 31, 1913 466 BaD eo Sreavclin ll eee
New Work Ovster Couscacus os oe snes Mar. 31, 1913 470 70! || os casoanedlt whens
New Mork Oyster’ Conse. foes oek ae Mar. 31, 1913 932 280) coake att ee
New Work Oyster Ooms caso aucs cme Mar. 31, 1913 941 120) te heal ee
New Morls| Oyster @ore. saeuec solos Mar. 31, 1913 | 540 BSB kd kneust ieee
New Mork Oyster Coss 42sec na a os Mar. 31, 1913 955 10°708|) oscars
New Work Oyster oats oticn ce diesen Mar. 31, 1913 942 SAS. weed) See
IN6w Work Oyster’ Goren scm. tects is Mar. 31, 1913 959 Ze DOT eins A
New: Wonk Oyster Cousen ss.0..0 5 ese Mar. 31, 1913 957 Oe 4 ccc iaveleebadll cena
New York: Oyster’ Cacter.56 <a e eas Mar. 31,.1913 958 2390}, 0. sis ciens Wl) sehen
New York Oyster’ Conus sii) ciasie «ey Mar. 31, 1913 943 bao a eee liarat no. =
New: York Oyster Coc ani eneae seine Mar. 31, 1913 967 TVG TD Wo. datacven | ese
Newsy ork: Oy ater Comeiscias sc inte cite Mar. 31, 1913 968 T S54). sc ceueen| Wale peas
New York’! Oyster! Coic cso... otc Mar. 31, 1913 962 Zod 2S dereusna fdlh eRe eee
New Worls/Ovster Couns. .<s se tee Mar. 31, 1913 930 1245 |) ce siulies eee
New York Oyster Goes Joc be ere Mar. 31, 1913 | 1 Bly Gm? 0 Ted Ree cree man ke
New work Ovater Conc sous ae ioe Mar. 31, 1913 970 2 LO scale ules
New, Mork! Oyster Gots seu oe dates Mar. 31, 1913 969 AQ: |o. bc crane) cree
NewiMorks Ovster.Goves: ase see eee Mar. 31, 1913 3 16.908) océ secs nee
INew MorkaOyster Cotes oa o6 6 ss ere Mar. 31, 1913 4 ps oo eR iS
New: MorkiOyster Coss) sone se dese Mar. 31, 1913 2 AN 75" |i!) assole every 1h) ote
New) Monk Oyster ©oie yess 4 alsa Mar. 31, 1913 _ 987 ZO OO \c ceyecesile aeteienele :
New Work Oyster Coss ee voce ae Mar. 31, 1913 1003 V5 Bb | cole aad elie een
New Work Oyster Ogg ise eens Mar. 31, 1913 916 BLO 5s) sou ae eee
New: York Oyster (Cotescesn sc eon es Mar. 31, 1913 918 3) QO Asreteeesly oneerccatee
News Work: Oyster Gort senisas sc sicee Mar. 31, 1913 1006 25 5! |! diacetate cee eee
New: York Oyster’ Cove dass + soem eee Mar. 31, 1913 975 3) OO sabes Cech hakecnenerene
New York Oyster ©one cee acc ele ele Mar. 31, 1913 983 TDA Spaces eel, Raveashanalene
AlmeriDecker lt 2 ccsene ace wraicle eiesieee Mar. 31, 1913 52 ZO) es saavadesa hl cetera
Almer Decker's:s 2). seein ct we oceans Mar. 31, 1913 18 BS ticks mann ee eee
Almer Deéeker 71.5 stave nies sles tore Mar. 31, 1913 724 SO® |e dioseny) Seinen
Almer Decker's)c0)3:,ceice mie ceeiereys Mar. 31, 1913 725 95 AD IN 6 cvatntae, age
John Bredemelk 2 \iacpenenine cies April 3, 1913 458 L004 spetvee, cen uxt nate
BY SR ADD OW B ets ssa, saree rater eee rameter April 3, 1913 Several SS CD ly ahead gees seoeeye
RORY Downs. oo cise s wea see April 3, 1913 Several G5 th ela iechosee | eouueaneaare
Henry. Von i wisterm fan tes eee April 3, 1913 555 SU W Ass Bictarasea | ounces P
Henry Von Twistern. f2).\o. 5c ee April 3, 1913 12 60 i a ie arse, ee
Monroe & Remsen. . 225.14 st scien eee April 15, 1913 464 TL SO ekseys call pevsieeniee
Henry Cornell nisin idntevciers te siete cre eters April 16, 1913 409 DOO or ateispavateuell beceuaree eee
Warren: Cornell: 2 eee oct. eer ee April 16, 1913 453 ba Us Ih eee ie emis oer:
Warren Cornell. oibiod oe ae ae April 16, 1913 449 BO)" |) Wetensue avec: wa lerenmrenene
Warren (Cormell. oo cise des severeeee April 16, 1913 372 WD 2B y el sts, cieisanal Mubeyetereere
Co Be Sprague: >. seam geneio ae eee April 23, 1913 749 4B Fi seiciacerse’l| Reken ae
CoBo Sprarkueigicg ao sieecie eictoleveres April 23, 1913 753 35 LGA saa euae
George Ei Spraguey .o.2 2c sk ase April 23, 1913 751 25 O54) \sisae
Garret) S. (Braisted as acess alse cee April 23, 1913 482 1 50 30 ats
BAS Brimlowic. eae ae eae April 23, 1913 320 Bde, hace che OM hoperteeieee
Marcellus T.. Merrell............... April 23, 1913 395 DBO Matec cocotat Mencceanrens

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 303

Taxes, PENALTY AND INTEREST CoLLECTED — (Continued)

NAME Date Lot Tax Penalty | Interest
Marcellusimi. Merrellee ee eeen scene April 23, 1913 397 bi AO SGT DAS besa inate
Georsenwe Dourhtye sacs ease April 23, 1913 386 ABs | Ura uU et ne RRR Uk
GeorsemWveDoushtyaneeeie me sce ene April 23, 1913 415 Dee OS hae ee ue Ae a
GeorsenWe Douchtyaeena. oe cacceee April 23, 1913 443 a LPTOAD al Moan vel NNN Ws owas sd
GeorsewweyDouchtyeomnris-sicieiecie as April 23, 1913 383 1 TEAS ya F Mean pneu tl Uivares eeu Coles ey
George W. Doughty................ April 23, 1913 377 50 SORGOM eee ie
INCOM Soteldeyn hh wea mec cints Garcia April 23, 1913 46 HU (ie) Mer ied SMe cg
AMO aS Ofelia elees is stats sueciereteia s wise April 23, 1913 24 20 OSE aa i
meter Cannone inc ca arcs sieve cree April 23, 1913 733 05 Oe RAS aes
Gree WWIII Alabeieg yori leietsieiers eels tacos ey oon April 24, 1913 765 PAU hese seerttiol uly alee Aah
ZEAE SONA Su eed sate dareus eueiare) sent eeeatted April 24, 1913 375 SO AN ere ee a intel areas
LZ TAS PLAC UC! ie sete aus a arev valle ape iisiale es April 24, 1913 433-A AQP ales her sear i ys eas
IBVARE) ISSO. 36a ooo clue biploan cunaide April 24, 1913 433-B FU i har rareneale cat ide es LO
IE, ZT ARS PLAGUE iis suchen sicie chamierspensee ee April 24, 1913 434 60 SAD Meee e
TRIG AOLIEL Shame) os ognoocosnog oe April 24, 1913 371 LOO Al Per aaecereoe maul ih uanaAmerat
[Riolnvairel IBL, Shoals sodousbucosess ao April 24, 1913 400 2 50 Slee eye nt ia
\WiVilignie 1D, IReKpnGes Gig dasacb od 6 bicoes April 24, 1913 561 DADO averse [hirer en ea
WallettebieeRaymorscein saris eee April 24, 1913 260 TAU Wgeiteseyeie al MiLitat a Uipea aa
WMilletint i aymorarnyrercsioecir tiene April 24, 1913 257 1 USHA 0 Yee] | i ee rate ene
\Wnillexcs 1D), RNa! s 6 6 ob asbodob bolas April 24, 1913 261 50 88 $0 11
Seu) eo Aorama sa Sintra e hire las) sia een le een April 24, 1913 401 TOME esis epee ees aes
SED pAloram saree pikes oi ecele see siete April 24, 1913 402 ICO | asain a es oe ed te
SoD ae Alona Suchet yap eneicisnsvemercioms teen one April 24, 1913 435 DEE Maar SIA | here aeael Sree
SoD Abrams Irae ccscc cs ochcteccohee April 24, 1913 384 65 44 08
James WeiuBalnes jesse se cc cuerereverale April 28, 1913 300 1 80 SOFC han eee
AME WRrANATOVEttO ss sien seven alo lao e April 28, 1913 449 60 TAI asa A
ECM aH OT Olen icy sac operel tearoom e April 28, 1913 212 SSW Geacresaratnleeeieney a Aes
Ve ia MH OT ECR Seal Metis ce ce April 28, 1913 143 DD ee ae ecte SAP [tes eae naar
Tee NAGE VE EN ovate ea et Ue ote mar en cea April 28, 1913 872 PAU }BN HEU NO: Fae] te ea te
UNV a MOLEC) Gane sod sw he ei sleners wine April 28, 1913 961 DH ia ena ae IN ae AL
EVV Slot OL. re uso cls cc eae es April 28, 1913 976 2 50 72 12
Weep loa eH Once aia ee ea oars April 28, 1913 596 (OTF C4 estan eel Res ee ay
WWAAWieleambionze:. So wee cues aacdue April 28, 1913 594 Caf (RARE MN A mG ee ee
VA a BOP Ge so. ait hls. eebte wh ees April 28, 1913 592 AO ine see line nce ren
VSR MOTO hey ata cyels ee ciape odie April 28, 1913 142-B teal ear iee ail HLA Sheen eat
WAV A ABIOL PEM hi em cclels wivesete a oters April 28, 1913 123 Soe ee Ae een ea iee
Wee a BOT EO Wis eae clacs late aceterntclere April 28, 1913 975 AMON ERM arora asa
IIS aE OEEE 5.5) 0,55 tees oeee sucha! ore oe April 28, 1913 983 1 40 1 78 39
Rp Winou Wie IWin Tua Monge)... 6 een. ¢ April 28, 1913 281 D4 Ob | assieeea een eater
Wit GW), Wi. Tua Borge. o. 62)... se 2 April 28, 1913 462 30 SA ee toes
UO RUM EC rime iene sies ebcraetelatetel a dla ets April 28, 1913 250 PASS OY anaes aoteicae nea ent
FVOWET EMEC gaa Meinletare cars oicisaremene April 28, 1913 257 3 90 1 24 21
GeorgeyHe Valentine 2 .e.0e cee ot April 29, 1913 981 2 85 7 fal anne oc ta
CroeleBAPriceie deme toma soe te es ae April 29, 1913 710 OVNI a abereee they oe eens
C@rGelAB ike Ce ey sie elves aio) 3h staan April 29, 1913 aul TDi: [Sitana asec |eaa Ml at hoes
COE ibrar palsy ste Se atts Sra aveyelel sl oes April 29, 1913 738 rede ll Wfoiaeeeheuce dit svaehels iene
roel Baw Price, 8 os EN eNaas, sidle ieee April 29, 1913 48 Soe sees 09
StephentCollimgis cc accaes acts eee ne April 29, 1913 255 bh GY Oh | Sear rane 2 aa Oe a ater
Shephens Collins wae masse aed ae April 29, 1913 234 PSOE es are as Wena aemace ake
Ducwheny Collins: sis). teie eyelids cctee ok April 29, 1913 265 bi ON ie peat stand Kee ie Os
JonmONCanrlsonncqencmtee eric coe April 29, 1913 605 2 20 44 07
JamestS Genumniaysn seme eink ae April 29, 1913 475 Li SW Vavestcreeto cp eieteieete
Shoat. Somers en gue cuocoeuneoeces April 29, 1913 394 ASO Warcetei em [Mester es
Shoomel a, Syomeyauey, oi My bboanoonoesooeL April 29, 1913 390 PROOF eA ects cee
SMHS pLacuen enn teioeoeee eee April 29, 1913 570 HPs De | ae ee ole arabe ets
Saaaviilol oMmeAIG 6 Wo oboUumcoddos seous April 29, 1913 417 AOE SS eS al lteter
SHAAN Sports d's ghovovoudbecuubds April 29, 1913 416 STI Naa peee sorta liaete eee
Siig hy Sprasueny wien ame seein April 29, 1913 393 AQK | Ue Siopacts lire
Smicghyspracue eis oe ae April 29, 1913 438 (5a REI Ani I Males re
SEUt Ay SpLAPUGh eee eiante ce Stare utenare April 29, 1913 388 90 0 We Cl La Oh eas
SprasueldceD oughtvs ces aceacmeoee April 29, 1913 444 AS wl aecdioure signers
Sprague dé) Doughty ee... . ss veces os April 29, 1913 381 SON [Pe eeccse ch la arenes
SOME We ID OKAYS Goo ome ool oe Hoon April 29, 1913 447 SOe ieee eae eons
Spracuenc nO ouchbys as se alee eice April 29, 1913 382 CY O all Me Nice chose al he eevee eat
Spraguerc Doughty. seanecweeceee April 29, 1913 387 PY HOM leat eas Sul Mea as
SpracuerGmOouwshbyeee een e one April 29, 1913 418 COM A Gahsinarer dame ieee
SplasuercO oushbye cece eee April 29, 1913 442 Ltd O's Oa oe ror ey | erecene ye area
SpracuercDouchtys eee ae eee April 29, 1913 380 ZO RM Ones gene career heres
SpraguercMoughtyasc. ee eae ae April 29, 1913 379 45 Deere NN ere ate
Johngele Tilley aja oe ec. s ane aemieee April 29, 1913 326 7 60 D2 ia | Praae a tere
Selah May Clocks: Ww. s.c eee herve rari April 30, 1913 998 PASS U0 see pirtnega Ies eeeReee
Selahide Clocks: cia we ake oe tae ene April 30, 1913 988 Se DOE mabe sarin leer rere
Selahil I@lockw yy wane Ua vate sila April 30, 1913 991 37 50 ZOROOR ear a

sty John Marshalls: ae). ss ec crereae April 30, 1913 649 po es a ae Hieatotttalere

304

Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Taxes, PEnatty AND INTEREST CoLLEcTED — (Continued)

Penalty | Interest

—— ee

Est. John Marshalls ene ee ee April 30, 1913 651 $0.
st. dohniMiarshall sey. spree cetera April 30, 1913 661
stavohneMarshall ay ees aekeen as April 30, 1913 671 1
Hist. JohnuiMarshallia) tesa... oc. seas April 30, 1913 744 1
Bist. Jonny Marshall. cece casciene April 30, 1913 746
HstJohneMarsh alley eesti ee ae April 30, 1913 750
Charles‘ Gateson’.. cc.ceiekec as aceleane April 30, 1913 597 3
Ty Se urlye Mae iste esis stars dale lavens euenele ores April 30, 1913 69
Ey Tes UMS earereesnay pots etesteie oes eee iaevane April 30, 1913 66
By. ees UML AR Riemer noes pitti cHeks ei sie tetsbe al A April 30, 1913 68
DOG Roorkee ey ONE res 2 i ee ES ee, 2 April 30, 1913 341
C@harleswVinoomat, scsshe thesia cievetstmerte April 30, 1913 Several 21
@harlesiViroominesns ceecwises ceiekins April 30, 1913 Several 5
WiebbiSpraciels jessie s lity ca aleve leteisl lene April 30, 1913 425
IWiebb iS prague ey ale cisheto: ciersisscss\ofelcns de April 30, 1913 422
Webb Spracue ss esau e elas seth soaks April 30, 1913 426
Theodore! Sprague. ois sce <a ech se 3 vic April 30, 1913 429 1
WACODGre SPLALUE oieis ele eleva = eimysiens April 30, 1913 396
Theodore & Ezra Sprague.......... April 30, 1913 454 2
Theodore & Ezra Sprague.......... April 30, 1913 451 1
Theodore & Ezra Sprague.......... April 30, 1913 450 1
Theodore & Ezra Sprague.......... April 30, 1913 366
George Fl Mianees vs) 2 ag ce oct era April 30, 1913 542
Glenwood)}Oyster Co... 6.26. oe noe April 30, 1913 Several 60
Glenwood Oyster Co............... April 30, 1913 120 3
Glenwood Oyster'Co... 02.03. ke April 30, 1913 109 7
Glenwood ‘Oyster Co... .6.c sce ect April 30, 1913 80 39
Glenwood Oyster Co... .e: 1. em oak April 30, 1913 609 3
Wnomassbesrsallos > Nevis) clers bier April 30, 1913 621
‘Rhomasnbesrsallley. tie shes sinieisteleene seks April 30, 1913 419
WhomasvPearsallias oss cklon © eter April 30, 1913 448
homasPesrsalllc 2 2b). nc eter <toteve, ete April 30, 1913 423 il
Whomas-Pearsallis suis cus ne bee athe April 30, 1913 549
Werrell& Burbank iius creisaeis oso ets April 30, 1913 933 11
Merrell &Burbpankes jess ce sce cease April 30, 1913 928 6
Merrell; @ Baylesiak asics aicris tere ate April 30, 1913 3 1
Wierreli &: Sai vlesict «| tistouel oh rein etartars ate April 30, 1913 7) 4
adolphuMierrelly 2 ae ne 2 nets ae April 30, 1913 311 Arh
bY D AAG hibineeth oO pee BN ea ee Rar April 30, 1913 262 3
IEP EAC & hvbinoornc} Arenas Goren epaicrotel April 30, 1913 265
IDES WWls hevenoabiicera yin chien cep a elete Che: April 30, 1913 263 1
AT Ele MEEIEE Is 5 eae iitiemie eseieiceisyette April 30, 1913 430
AvelRuVierrelley 4 elaeetaieicliie Sictetete April 30, 1913 159 3
Ae a iVionrelless ip. Phe avis ecole steerelee April 30, 1913 278 1
Aely Ry NTerre lis enn Min ae us crear ee April 30, 1913 428 i
Amel Nbenrel isos sate nis oye lss epee ie April 30, 1913 494 1
Azelik. WMerrellitcs cece ste Stele syste April 30, 1913 118 1
Azely RO Merrell, conc volte sce og pret April 30, 1913 434
Azelab Merrell: 225.5 sme cise cists meietele April 30, 1913 266
Avzel Be Merrell exci siiees ci othe oko eumieee April 30, 1913 485 2
AzeliiBy Merrellts. is s)4 earls ticle cicmvcheke April 30, 1913 437
Azel hs Mierrell, 3.25 tvyosesiccie ener April 30, 1913 2 1
Azel Wi Mrerrell oc dicks pis cue sie enero April 30, 1913 508 il
Azel BH) Merrellins. ciseaktectanielete Rie eine April 30, 1913 160 2
AgzeloB Merrell. oes bade o\mrnerers April 30, 1913 193 2
AveliH Merrell... |) soaetvevers ore pitetete April 30, 1913 161 1
Azel Bs Wlerrolll: (cis 5 vere else soils sean April 30, 1913 195 2
AizelibsMierrey lie.) ti. aicitieuetenn tee ate ereiorete April 30, 1913 270 2
Avzelv Bs Merrelle on cite Gari sus oi siwrateere April 30, 1913 282 2
Ae H, IMlerrell yo Avetesave eis!e acs Aiete code April 30, 1913 280 1
Avzel He lerrellie) eae ei Oe aaa April 30, 1913 276 5
AzeLH Merrelbasi vee sete sictersueeiets ot April 30, 1913 743
Azeli BE Vivlerrelle xvas «eyaermcselecier oie April 36, 1913 864 6
7 NCAS) VAY SAN Wy ro) UA Ee ee a April 30, 1913 863 4
AZOWE SIWIGTTEN 5... icin Wels Shoe sivnoa eee April 30, 1913 877 ul
Azelw By Merrell: pike Setateys seis eitcene taee April 30, 1913 168 1
AzelBy Merrell iota setae eh ts suelo April 30, 1913 170 1
Agel He Wilerrell, oi cs setters suse s eines April 30, 1913 484
‘Agel iB Vlerrell i ie aaniesince elon April 30, 1913 162 4
Azel Bi: Merrell 53 5). aia et Aten in oie April 30, 1913 674
Azell. Merrell: ves cisiew salsa ee April 30, 1913 126 8
A7elHMierrelllis)e): tech saincis eee April 30, 1913 312 39
Azel. Re JMierrell wap nt) toto tee seit tere oe April 30, 1913 313 31

Azel F.

Sep ths Sioa e yee April 30, 1913 974

@ive) 0) e) ere

omver a: (e?, [elim

. w acee

oo: CS pyelis

ee wee

ee eee

=) 2, Oka es

Bia whe es

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aie, eo lew

aes awe

a ee

eee eee

disvale tne

ate = 5 é(o,

Ge 42a ia be

oe © wie oe le
© 0) eles) eS
e/\e) aile) eee
&> ae eae Aus
» «| es) wipe

o/ & Vel est) one
©. 0 ey ow) nee

O20) eh ee iet
eee eens
oe ee eee
Ch ery
eee eeee
a) © Be) 6 sie
6 ©, jo. eel gw
kh slsi sh eheke
6 0) eo eee
ese) wae

ae e eles

eee weer

0 5:6 «2 wie
pb) mele here
seer eee

aie Scie a ie
usm) Sul Weoite
eeeecece
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seen ewe
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> oe we ae
ee ee ene
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ee eeeee
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#6) ew te, fae
see eter
ee ee eee
©. 6p: alse
oe ee eee
ce ee wee
a
« Sous yore
eee eeee
© &, wer elere
a nip te Wise
eee ewes
se ee eee
se ee eee
sits ap) ie, ee
eee eres
eee eens
ote) eet laa
a: ake mae ee
pie pes ee
see ewer
« \elsord sip
sere eee
cee eeee
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Peer Cn At
sere eee
» 6c eterna
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se ee eee
a8 eyajene
see ewes
eee eens

ConsERVATION (CoMMISSION

305

Taxss, Penatty anp INTEREST CoLLEcTED — (Continued)

a

Theodore Sprague
Theodore & Ezra Sprague

Webb Sprague..........

Samuel E. Smith

Aiminey Stone Ge Sa oaccne

Ella Sofield

Sofield & Frazer.........
Sofield & Frazer.........
Sofield & Frazer.........

Sofield & Frazer.........
(OES SOUT Co LI Re ec aed
CESUSoteldinn ge oie te
CS ysoelduen carci cee
CUSVSoneldneerecknees sic
OSU SOnel dais me iene
CA Se Sofieldes ews cae oe
WUSeSofieldeeaacioce owes
Cash Sofieldieesciee ce
CasSeSofeldeey yee sek
Cus] Sohelde ae ae

William J. Campbell.....
WeeHe BS Rottenee sams cc

Theodore Johnson.......
Theodore Johnson.......
Theodore Johnson.......
DavidiDecker. ti Gcc sae as
Jonni Hansen’ acces eee
JohnvblansenSycasccees os
Johny Eanseneeien ae se cee

NUNTerrelligvase sien
aeNRerre lily were cic
SNUG ARAUES So So ood

MaNierrelliyee). pela ss

ey

SH POP OOS

JJ, iievolle Sot, 46 5 owe
18},

ee

Date Lot Tax
Ey Aare April 30, 1913 20 $1
ee Ae ae Nee April 30, 1913 19
BRING ie he April 30, 1913 3
en es ea April 30, 1913 9 2
Biya ere D a ate April 30, 1913 146 1
Sith Rn al a April 30, 1913 200 1
Sey Lot eisnees ede April 30, 1913 391
RE eae as, Ae April 30, 1913 292
Biche ae ROS Be April 30, 1913 535 it
Er eeR erat Ar April 30, 1913 488 1
Seva (eitausy Sees April 30, 1913 316 14
RCC tbat April 30, 1913 982 11
Baa hates April 30, 1913 50
a er April 30, 1913 444 1
seta aver eee April 30, 1913 851 1
ean dive repens ere April 30, 1913 853 1
Beate HORE: April 30, 1913 870
Sa ege Ne April 30, 1913 876 9
NURI paints heer April 30, 1913 268
Sy cticalie aie ek April 30, 1913 267
Seats ep eae Re April 30, 1913 264
siles aUSOiSe April 30, 1913 355 1
Bah peter ck ones April 30, 1913 495
Siemteeyerecnene April 36, 1913 562 1
ety Dee April 30, 1913 10 4
RPS pee eee WG ay © aL Sy Ns eee PENS
Be eet! INE Ile TIS Seite = Bae steps
ee. Steuer May 1, 1913 SL ae Sperer eters
Bess lars ER May 1, 1913 440
He San ee Rea are May 1, 1913 441
a tcoley area May 1, 1913 385
aua abaya eee May 2, 1913 526 1
SPR are srere May 2, 1913 520 1
Pata ea May 2, 1913 516 1
WN4s tava) hore May 2, 1913 514
Bee ies eae oe May 2, 1913 454
ahiBrarigtch chute tie May 2, 1913 140 6
SRS ae Cater May 2, 1913 170 1
Re ee ee May 3, 1913 90 5
Pees Sie Re May 3, 1913 154
se ted heres May 3, 1913 156
Ae etaseeay ar a May 3, 1913 169
NS a UREN May 3, 1913 168
eer oree aes May 3, 1913 995 26
Laue A reat May 3, 1913 34
SU nee nett oer May 3, 1913 28
Selsicrer atatoneis May 3, 1913 522 6
Hae hanes May 3, 1913 536
Bi 8 a Se May 3, 1913 556 3
Seek eiemees May 3, 1913 526 5
Stille Seo May 3, 1913 523
Rare iototerniens May 3, 1913 110 1
Pieters : May 3, 1913 171
See cee May 3, 1913 468 3
atte cholo lareree May 3, 1913 56 il
Bes mah ver May 3, 1913 278 3
Shee etecernvene May 3, 1913 510 1
Seabee May 6, 1913 19 1
Stel 7 ots May 12, 1913 39
sesioeren clerere May 12, 1913 38
SF e Gretecerenets May 12, 1913 426
aie Bre Cantus Sate May 12, 1913 35
uot serge May 12, 1913 731
Tee ene May 12, 1913 686 1
aE CRT May 12, 1913 307 2
Li eeeirevaie oi hie) May 12, 1913 34
Ihe ec aa May 12, 1913 69 5
ene ae Se arte May 12, 1913 val
AOR OE May 19, 1913 13 15
ieee edae Si May 19, 1913 986 18
STS A eons May 19, 1913 12 1
eieiietcTalcieloiavs May 19, 1913 124
Sialelelereierene & May 19, 1913 41 1
RiSrere erate Sri May 19, 1913 304 2

ee

eihe: (eh re; ee) )\| ene) evens ene:
ee) eh el fell Si] ejleleere) ele
ee fe) lejieres. Hh elie eletlicnaie
oie) lehemel ey Fit) Keim eh eleiiulte)
aye (oie! laa: Fifa) @) ef eiianee
ol) e0) ee e\ || alin ite\ etree ce
wife helfesenellni iil uiimiteliehianesle
Shelievetelua (sles) leveketieie
ee al okay er eli lene: ererelete
Uke ene hene ili helfewieiel vara
‘LoL eerie lt te everekey-cie
elle vaiereyiay ||| cehells.elre! elu
effev/alieiessm al) seliulleteiiatieve
Wielehesdte:/einul| ie! lepie tel ele)ie
aie le) iere.e

Sooo a cea”
ere hk Gis Ce
OS) Hie gare
ie TOME ase
eta $0 13
as 06
Ae 21
oe 08
TS eey tate
O5i Neon
1B iat sah
Ral OB uly ase ote
04 02
veeege | ares as
76 13
tee 05
24 06
SRN IEE 04
33 08
ree ee 56
ooree ee ag

eee ee f eeeeves

306

Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Taxes, Penanty anp Interest Cottectep — (Concluded)

SSS —eeeSSSSSSSESESSSSSSSSSSSSSS=S=SSS=SSSSSSS======_—_—SS=S=_=—eeqqQqqq—

NAME

Est. H. Von Ahnen. .
Est. H. Von Ahnen..
Est. H. Von Ahnen..

RE Boerum: 6.

Selah T. Clock

see eee

John Whittaker.....

Penalty | Interest

2) 6 Gere ele a elm ee wie

a) 8 ese bau eis eee ise

ae See) pis a oe mele

Ore! eile eb les lave) ew ibe

wie pyeele © b= as 0 lea

J Hs Schmeelk. (Nov deeee oss ae
J. He Schmeelk; Nos as e6 6s ean ce
JVBe i SchmecslksyNo lee eee cae nae

W.F. Schmeelk.....
John D. Merrell.....
H. L. Schmeelk......
Forrester & Hoag....
Forrester & Hoag....
Forrester & Hoag....
Forrester & Hoag....
Forrester & Hoag....
Forrester & Hoag....
Forrester & Hoag....

Ge eket ee) Sw we ae

m8 8 Sa) se whe «ae

ecw pe ahs fe ae mw ee ae

Ce Wes) © eB ew eee

ed

Cd

Oe B16 6 eee ae) a8 ms

Bele 16 6 « «= a ho a ate

George E. Forrester. ............5..-

George E. Forrester. .
George E. Forrester..
George E. Forrester. .
Hose sco
WET INUOnnia eccrine

John 8.
Whaley & Thompson

John H. Abrams.....
John H. Abrams.....
Daniel Green........
Daniel Green........
John Journeay......

Est. Sherman Decker
. Sherman Decker
. Sherman Decker
. Sherman Decker
. Sherman Decker
. Sherman Decker

. Sherman Decker
. Sherman Decker

i Sherman, Decker. =. 2.0.5 se

Wie S10 ee Sees eo bon

eer eee eee ew eee

SAA ee DP e le eS ee ee

eer er eee ee eee ses

bla eye" a 9) 6s) wie ee ae

eT os Jer a ha Sepa) Ya

© melee lee 6) eo ie a 8

0 OSS ede es ee ee

CR mide = O22 0 mle were

. < % oe ew eimis & Os

Se Wo 0 be 2 She = orale

Georze ET Worlome iii. ivicwets see con
PEALE DS iloyed Kone Oxi eh EL atu Se Meyer yee fey,
PAVE VM ORIGIM: ean roiel sterase ates ich cgaie eae
Gharles EMiVirgome ie. ides wiew acre
Walliam, Goolevincsenh vietsit se ee ere
Adolph ohmsonecte isi crc site stereos teas
GeorzeiRinehartex< esse sche oxic een
dV OR Doh arate eee he grin Aue ae Mati
Bs st OWE enter e oe oe ie
Samuel Ehomneay asic cece siine eerie
James A. Cochrane... es wesc beac
James! Ax Cochrane ace: cece eae
BOW a. Bebneket:k hae ieee ee
Mary Ra Bebneke...icc vic ae ve oe
Bee Conantea. cic cc see ae eee
Pee Conantthc ys ca cs eo tien Gere eee
Crocker @iAllen. ores oes patie
Wansor & (Whaléy..|. cane css s nen
Jolin J Werry eee cas clas teen
John A AHerry:. Oiny a ae mei intanccuceete tae
John Ji Rerny 2. tice gales eee teeen
John 2 Rerry seit sae soe ee tee
John) Merny.s cates eh cia wee poe
Pausch Bros. Oyster Co............
Pausch Bros. Oyster Co............

May 19, 1913
May 19, 1913
May 19, 1913
May 19, 1913
May 20, 1913
May 20, 1913
May 20, 1913
May 20, 1913
May 20,1913
May 20, 1913
May 20, 1913
May 21, 1913
May 21, 1913
May 21, 1913
May 21, 1913
May 21, 1913
May 21, 1913
May 21, 1913
May 21, 1913
May 21, 1913
May 21, 1913
May 21, 1913
May 21, 1913
May 21, 1913
May 23, 1913
May 28, 1913
May 31, 1913
May 31, 1913
May 31, 1913
May 31, 1913
June 2, 1913
June 2, 1913
June 2, 1913
June 2, 1913
June 2, 1913
2, 1913
2, 1913
2, 1913
2, 1913
2, 1913
2, 1913

ee eee eee

432

Several

So —|_& eee

“ee eee

eS eee es | eu eee ye

a sre ee 1) eee een

O85) Wmv.

eee eee
ALS ere
Sb as oom tl ee aivene ae
50 wre ele? iN) eee ee
© eh eee Sl” Te ee te nee
@ See aie J)” Ce mie nee
eth meen’ ee eie le ais
ene wee, 1 “cele = Rhee
we sea uy i} (elt eae
oes were) ‘||, se ey Reem
we ee woe Pe Se eee ee
ss eee hl) a ee
OP ht MW ey (iT We het pe!
it we we
Mcehere ae
eee eee
ht! Ww OP ios
ale wie lt ear ae wee
ee
el aiw tebe’ Ove 6, wih ee ae
oe & a un? |)” Ow Bla eee
eis oe sty WT ene ereere
Oe OO eet!” Aye eteveree
wip vale es
Oe eee, 6 | ee te eee
ee wei Tl) erate qe we
eae eae he areca ay ele
ne 8 ies

Siw 6, ayere

wie s wee ee i eee
Rk ar eee
as" py Sle
ee eee
opera ea) fe ee ace
wel eh Oa eT Oe ee We
ss 6 ew eS
050 « 8 ate

ale? ee oe

11 |$129 84

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION:

307

Fisuine Licenses Issuzp Durine Fiscan Yxrar, Ocroser 1,

1912, Tro SEPTEMBER 30, 1913

|

eee Oe ee eS SSS SS Se EEE —————————E
—_—_—_<___

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Name Address
Newport Fisheries & Cold
SEOLSECLO© Os see iiisi ial ceianlens Newport, R. I....

Westerly Fish. Corporation...} Stonington, Conn..
George W. Wilcox........... Westerly, R. I....
Tiel awa DYE oy UE ARE A how br vic Noank, Conn.....
Bee Beeelunitley, sm cscs cnteteue demise Hamburg, Conn...
AlenvAsh bey. 6)sics aero crcususyate Noank, Conn.....
Car sbmmMettn oc. exksieseae Stonington, Conn..
George B. Rathbun.......... Noank, Conn.....
Bramble Seaman cia ae. arcneroney ayes Boston, Mass.....

Keyport, N. J...
New York City...
New York City...
New York City..
New York City..
New York City..

New York City...

Bawardeliyons.os. see ctenee
Products) Wites'@o. vince cic
ProductsiVites Com. foes scr
Atlantic Phosphate & Oil Cor-
MOLSON Reet tes a cealel:
Atlantic Phosphate & Oil Cor-
WOLAGION Gee sepy pe ete checkers
Atlantic Phosphate & Oil Cor-
PIOUS COME he clei sie ence le pera at
Atlantic Phosphate & Oil Cor-
OTA LOM acc chy sia siapace esis
Atlantic Phosphate & Oil Cor-

elenieamar ie SE OER Rea. OG New York City. .
Atlantic Phosphate & Oil Cor-
WOLBULOMN cia eacc seks orecons New York City...

Keyport, N. J.....
Keyport, N. J.....
Stonington, Conn..
Stonington, Conn..

dalardls Isnt oe ae aanesocdoe
Vobmy IEE es! scree ieee bs
Miamuele@ ay suc ceens eiiskteer ie
Bred Ostimamnivn . ces iaiie >< sbeucier
Atlantic Phosphate & Oil Cor-

WAOCAULON cies sie corals ow eeine New York City...
Atlantic Phosphate & Oil Cor-

DOLAUON ae ee use ian New York City..
Atlantic Phosphate & Oil Cor-

DOLAMMOU eee tere se New York City..

Atlantic Phosphate & Oil Cor-
DOLAOLODG weitere: ais wlensl si edateae
Atlantic Phosphate & Oil Cor-
MOUHULONN seve lies eester a) yd etetaliar
Atlantic Phosphate & Oil Cor-
MOA GON eee ees isis renters
Atlantic Phosphate & Oil Cor-
(HINO MIS Ghia hah didcowto dens
Atlantic Phosphate & Oil Cor-
IQTETIOR cdi siete cers Wks aye
Atlantic Phosphate & Oil Cor-
LOLA GIO eae ieee unipoeeete clone
Atlantic Phosphate & Oil Cor-
DOLE NHC OE Ge BG elcome eles 6c
Atlantic Phosphate & Oil Cor-
MORRHON MRS eros a ciaiersteuens
Atlantic Phosphate & Oil Cor-
POTAUIOU eis tgp icis cisiny ial cate
Atlantic Phosphate & Oil Cor-
POLAMOM Ge ateye ctor ae coers waka
Atlantic Phosphate & Oil Cor-

New York City..
New York City..
New York City. .
New York City..
New York City..
New York City..
New York City...
New York City...
New York City...
New York City...

DOLTALIODE A aisrtiels aie erode New York City...
Atlantic Phosphate & Oil Cor-

DOLBblOMe eit cicie Sateyeio cre cncrone New York City...
Palmer Brothers. ..<co<.<.0¢- Noank, Conn.....
TRAC Vigne ce) cer eccnsite arenas Noank, Conn.....
heonardube Allivine caw once Mystic, Conn.....
Wie Rath bune occurs Noank, Conn.....
Ali bextubiiNoves! ssc dc wes New London, Conn
ERG VM Siekleraea ee Seen oi Greenport, N. Y...
Wilcox Fertilizer Co......... Stonington, Conn..
Wilcox Fertilizer Co......... Stonington, Conn..
Wilcox Fertilizer Co......... Stonington, Conn..
James ViTllong Geen circ eens Perth Amboy, N. J.
GeorzerbAllisoniesa cesses Stonington, Conn..
Westerly Fish Corporation....| Westerly, R. I....
MBG Glarksre sent canna cok: Stonington, Conn..
Charles G. Eldridge.......... Stonington, Conn..
BSiIMeplbathamerse sean cusses. New London, Conn
Rae EONMGUU rae dey eere CHT aw cl Mie hacmQlacd Gb eiaeere

MOUS ep reper s ue eh ha eeeerceierekill | eee ene atthe sscccaste gals

OCOWMNOTP PW

—
oO

ial

eeeee

Menhaden. .
Menhaden. .
Food fish...
Food fish...
Food fish...
Food fish...
Food fish...
Food fish...
Food fish...
Menhaden..
Menhaden..
Menhaden..

Menhaden..
Menhaden..
Menhaden. .
Menhaden..
Menhaden..
Menhaden..
Food fish...
Menhaden...
Food fish...
Food fish...
Menhaden..
Menhaden..
Menhaden..
Menhaden..
Menhaden..
Menhaden..
Menhaden..
Menhaden..
Menhaden. .
Menhaden..
Menhaden..
Menhaden. .
Menhaden..
Menhaden..
Menhaden..
Food fish...
Food fish...
Food fish...
Food fish...
Food fish...
Menhaden..
Menhaden. .
Menhaden..
Menhaden..
Food fish...
Food fish...
Food fish...
Food fish...
Food fish...

Food fish..
Food fish...

eee eer ee eeee

308 Tuirrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Losster Licenses IssuEp Durine Fiscan YxEar, Ocroser 1,
1912, ro SEPTEMBER 30, 1913

DATE Name Address No. Amount
Mars :5-) (Georze Dennison caeee enter Miystie: Connau. snore cates. 1 $20 00
VO) |\¢VeamesiSmithis Seek icici seus ares iINoank | Conn oars kes oe ee 2 15 00
144) Wes Ghapman. ae. c. ce aerate Groton. Connie cece 3 15 00
DR: Del Nish esha isipoyodu lel cles ain waeny Weurteste igia aa ah INoanks Connie etic econo oe 4 15 00
WS eIVEamielieerisyicctchatooccterte sates oer Stonington Connie. 505. see 5 20 00
24S Charles trey Elilliar: eucwces sept eeeieyeners Groton, Conn acin een coke 6 20 00
243" Georze Silane: 0. es Ser. were INosnk, (Conme: 4 isc2 ses ae eee 7 15 00
20") Bidear A Mains. 05 <i. se icnin of INoanic *Gonny > 28) ceca sere 8 20 00
Agsrilie. 4g abr iaG here wits.) cre a ees se miereiene Groton, Gonnk st asec cre 9 15 00
TOM) Hepsi Oa ses icie where elalerereteseNs Stonington, Conn. ..0.50 2 eae 10 15 00
LOI ES SES WT COs i baie is oars toyneettars Sy eeannene Nosnks \Conni./. ee ee shoe ae 11 20 00
TAM RUeeEe Gh aman. a scie these eelate abe Groton; Conn tavsuesn cee ee 12 20 00
145) Ose he Reury. 2 ceicisievs tole sicpeetales Groton, Connie 75 soe eee 13 15 00
AL EN RRA WIS carta oy 12,1 taj eaten aver eters rere Noani.' Conms sas ye. enone 14 15 00
DA NN ne. GHAI tere ister eerste ences Neank: Connie-s Sos. oe ee er 15 20 00
May) °5)) (SD) Woodmansee?). 2 <cciicrern an Noank:'Conmnt). Wot. h seerer 16 15 00
Dil | Marsvein ti aumeay.t ys atecavs io eeie eterna Stonington, Conn. .......... 17 15 00
in| wavesirtel Wiser Swiss le raihiess erctental se Stonington: ‘Conni.). . 3 9.55 o6 18 15 00
EF in\ faci Kelsey olaed Bye Seen topes ice Seal New London, Conn.......... 19 20 00
Bey Paterson. «is oersiss fh clortve ae Noank, ‘Conn’. 2 3c 65 saceceeres 20 15 00
BA MOR "BIG DOs eckire cree siecs oretaterele Noank.'\Contie) cscnseneen 21 20 00
BalMVMianwel sb onitis Goce ieiet-s aete cater euees Stoninetom, Conn. os). 26. ee 22 15 00
Si POvVEVRRSHeGO: bore erake ajatete ott aerate Stonimeton, Conn.>.... 2. .- 23 20 00
SP POsep aN Pails ceca earesele sean aie Stonington, Conn... 63... 24 20 00
NBEO Moreen: cicero liyere eretalay eee NWoasnik: (Gone si. sec cet Yaee oe 25 20 00
90; HO Buddington: nies ene ee Groton, |Conn.> \a;2a574eo 26 20 00
LOT Manuel liewaseci. eva ese Berean Stonington, Conns. 2.0. oe a 27 20 00
LOM WAS Ve Morgan's sock. seer eters are Noxsnle ‘Conn: . 242% 4-55 ees 28 20 00
10) | Richard 1 Perkins.).../52. 722.08 |) Gqretom Conny ones ies sen 29 20 00
Ue Allen AdNews aiec ects enclave Toanlc. Onis 42 an es > oat 30 20 00
RA SR) ED ipsa eA rae Gee ison Noanic.,’Gonn ts. aeocnies aeeee 31 20 00
74 See vinrtchella ck ee cemeteries Wiystc, Comm.) < ccs a2 ten weet 32 20 00
DA Digs hal dbl oes 0 ae ech ORO AS ER OICIA eALOk Stonington, Cont: = 3. ccs =. 33 | 20 00
OAV JeIse HS UALO A ois feel aue erecta ae Nosnks Connect s/.0cacc sneer 34 20 00
Apebareys VIPAMMG Oe esnetla (Ged fetseial iin ore sta ayia - Stommpeton, Conn. 76.6 rene 35 15 00
PA TRUS OMG CLEBUOM ye sitters. ahars iar steerer Miystic, Conn soe fisiccwits aloes 36 20 00
Sl MiGuriie LOIS eactseiete eared eee one | “Stonmeton, Couns 2. ee ae 3% 15 00
Te Ae ME Gr OlESis: ors ase iaie lo covevere tke rete le Wosank® Gort: bi5.5 cis sevens ahh 38 20 00
QU WER ELolidlaty., i 2ey.icistantetceate penuh Mystic, Connis:..22 055 ven eee 39 20 00
Tl MAntonebe Costar nt arte ae New London, Conn.......... 40 15 00
ASV AE ING OA SD CY haus cesmie wishe erate resto Noanke | @onn visas 2 ewe als 41 35 00
17s | OSes AM HIG ainekis\c haere lente etsy ain Noank= Gonmi.3 5.02521 ave oe 42 15 00
18 | Ira & Charles Edwards..........| Waterford, Conn............ 43 20 00
18 | Charles M. Edwards............ Waterford, Conn............ 44 20 00
1S SW Wialeoxtt je miicc. tate nteralpoe Stonington, Conn... ..- 35. --1 45 15 00
PRI Fol niated Of loyoi lhe he ee ery: cae et SARS INoank: (Gorn. s)sc.. =e aie'e bee | 46 20 00
234) MANU SSNE PORE 2 ais wise overs itera chs Mystic: Conneaut... some 47 20 00
23) | «ohn Lamb tees: visceral | Noni. Con. safe <- winys neat 48 15 00
26) || (Palmer Brothers: 2.0. - aso eee Noank:(@ontle ?.c2 sence sot 49 20 00
26: Walter Bitcox dd 0 sa wwe. « Stonington, Conn........... | 50 20 00
30) | SylvestertMowler® a. cst kaeres Noank; Con... sea ae eee 51 15 00
July): )|'WElermanhisher--s.90 core Nivstics Conn ish eases wean wit ual? 15 00
1-1) Mantel Pertyiira. <a aceon | New London, Conn.......... 53 20 00
i) “Cornelius Rowlers. os + ane ee Noank: 'Conws sa cciee 22 octets 54 15 00
7.1\ Manvel Hodricks 742 40-.0e5e Stonineton, Conn: +... eee. 55 20 00
1 | MOBED HY Silvars Sirs hs tek aveveteeeretsiee. New London, Conn.......... 56 15 00
155) Bani Misaiae icine, erent New London; Conn... 3-22... 57 20 00
28H CI Bbebe ee anc: Sues New London, Conn.......... 58 15 00
Awe $6hiC. ‘Christensen: ; ave Noank: Conn oe ose oe on oe | 59 25 00
sept: 1229/52) We Buddington\) =. oe: Noank. Conn} 2440-3 60 20 00
Ad Bol Ae eR ee eee ee i ELE MEG MM earns Gre actets a/b. $1,100 00

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION

309

CreRTIFIED Copies oF Leases, OcToBEer 1, 1912, ro SzepTEMBER

30, 1913 |

Name Date
Wo chimeelke Oyster i@ on wow Minne lunesta. oe «aleve Feb. 4, 1913
Bedell cewAmally eras 208 ersssea see soy lore eet icvieviovic aia ee Ns Feb. 10, 1913
Niaanel nS clave likeiieen eg aan cs cite vane aia rs sy a Feb. 14, 1913
Volpi Oia Ae vie Neen cake lyuale scale anh gece a dsc) e Aug. 111903
IMigdernt Oysters Corin: neneee ce leis a ee nyt mt a Sept. 3, 1913

Amount

$

3 00
2 00
1 00
1 00
1 00

ReEcorpine FEEs, OcToser 1, 1912, ro SEPTEMBER 30, 1913

Name Date
Roltontneccpelswortle ce acu nc ioimeiebsee ls neapsiniess aye econ 6 Oct. 18, 1912
Seals MOVSuer OVsvewma eer edo cc) sloee ore wictsiens ee eae sila, Oct. 18, 1912
Johny IC TN ey ene) We ees a es he ve ent SON Ite an en Oct. 28, 1912
INewaVonkaOvster Oona cmes: moi fais crease cl seed alee ot Nov. 1, 1912
ING WARIO: Oy StervW ow ye. wih Ae Nee had! Seba wich eal Nov. 8, 1912
ESSE OUI UMaine Pe Raerent sa Ua CAD na Bs Ladue cis jx cuttentn tle Nov. 8, 1912
ING WOT On Sten CO mcd acter nh agers Os cual shoe (lebanese Wg Nov. 26, 1912
IN wan Orie Oyster CO ses oases a ra. '5 te A el cireiiac diac oS tieboiaes tere Dec. 20, 1912
MlexanGdengHirazers @Or wicca oe cecum Coes year HERB al Dec. 21, 1912
Androvertercs CMONTPSON same eb ai scale ls ol «dee eiaioiele me oi Heb. i 193s
Dates OVSECr Oem nes eit hy sd enon SR MENG nmecn.f 2 Feb. 138, 1913
NViliivananm aniLoy bey sven wlmioutern supe iar ety cimia entitle s: . Feb. 26, 1913
CSharleswBovardus JE yy nau ot Ve ols ee nave sete eae Mar. 6, 1913
Slo Aka SHS aU ETS aeRO em te IRs ORR Gee Ie el Vea cena are Pa Mar. 13, 1913
Ne waN On Kk ONGteEICOn Loses 5 oS orale 4 sis Geta solel sess Mar. 15, 1913
Jtieiaelnsre: 1D eve es AA Na RAPS ir Nelo a ee LGM pL STE gt 9 AL SAE Mar. 21, 1913
SealsmpiOVsbemOyiSueMl<)) sis... stole sels alrabsuheieaas eater Mar. 27, 1913
larencer Dewelant ucla obec s veri lI April 5, 1913
PENN TMpeMI eT Heys es ora Cpe ol eed el tees sum Neate S04 0 April 16, 1913
WlanencenWerblantn iii, scyrenes) ve <ioeete Gl oil Seamus tetas uss April 20, 1913
PAUSCH prose Oyster OO eada.¢ cc lai. c occ Me eels tee hid April 22, 1913
Jato: VAS eg SES AWS Serpe Aon ae Te apes i dee eta aa April 28, 1913
FROWMCTEM COMED ar Gena ont uuuin eins bw ee baste ies ok) April 28, 1913
INewaMonky Oyster on eae cei Se Oe Le CRU Le 8 April 29, 1913
Wg TEE ol BS AG BON ELEN TP EATS aT CaCl UR a tL May 6, 1913
PENG Oly OPEL ACL ne sockeye 5 Sebaaio ela Sersleew arene 6 sc 4 May 10, 1913
laren Cer SHELA GATS Ay acne) fe ce Neat Dente eee ma yan 8 ig May 18, 1913
GeOnPe rR Still aee awe se ele Aer ammeter etree A he OLE May 20, 1913
ANNES ava Cereal Coa Eh aris) hie ne era AMI ty 2s gs i me a May 20, 1913
Jolmeleailerrellisaie Miiken ater uhe Olmmaca tet aremitnents ek EPs May 28, 1913
News vork Oyster Co: hte cine faster seis oa ees aus June 5, 1913
INeway ore @xcten Coie ccia aie esp aaa te re Wee Bees llc oes June 17, 1913
PolmelenVlenrell mnie carat wale wines ts aeamNy ekg! June 18, 1913
INewaMonk On cter OOnndecanwanicnrista ey cette tee aa. June 30, 1913
Walliamypn (Cochrane: tio) ious ceri aerntuiyiecyon!c SS. July 2, 1913
(Creonge NVI Stille kisi.) 2. Kaeaba aaah ehees, chy emn males LANG oo 2 Julyi mea ONS
BAUSCH PO EOS: On StEG OO sec iee io Svein cwoenete Ake ako class ols. § July 2,1913
THM) CWS ery eak Var chs hvatens Sthahet hehe MEN API ce bey alg ae July 2, 1913
ChinistianeyWallerk ce nae aii acme see cnn es Sulack y 6 July 8, 1913
ING Wi OLke Oyster) OOns En eos merc tole nena Pts oY | July 8, 1913
ANAL IIS INL ore sh UE RA le ec Sele a) uote es Re Renee July 8, 1913
PAE Oachnane veins nnn teaver eck eee lt ue ala, 0 July 8, 19138
ELE learstaeal las pee siats eect Sian smrenaseen spe en cis July 9, 19138

Wevlioninockwoode a amecum ine mse oe cous July 16, 1913

Amount

¢2 00

ee
coe ell NO eel NO NO |
i)
i=)

1 00

—t
S
(>)

NNN R
jo)
i)

—
S
I

310

Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Recorpine Frrs, OcTozer 1, 1912, ro SeprEeMBER 30, 1913 —

(Concluded)
Name Date Amount

New *York Oyster: Conners fore tes rie hee oss July 24, 1913 $1 00
Jolin: Thereby eke: eis Ue cae am eee a's ek A TD July 24, 1913 1 00
Oyster Bay Oyster Gore eee tie paie Sie eb ey caries See July 29, 1913 2 00
Nils: &Roomilk 200 ee tee Mee ve ak Cee) Aceh ache July 30, 1913 1 00
James. A.’ De vecnmehr yi Aye ie eh ee ek Aas kates Aug. 5, 1913 1 00
Rachaired Mie Bir ie eke fe cre cic cle eee ee RRL Aug. 5, 1913 2 00
New! Mork @ystertOo une ten ieee eae Seine Aug. 15, 1913 50
Folin Wo Merre enc we ate Cn A eet ene ere Aug. 15, 1913 1 00
Modern Oy shensOe fee gcc eo Rue ae omic Ree aera Sept. 3, 1913 2 00
Wallin Dials tes es 25) hae eae e se dee Sept. 3, 1913 1 25
Andrey sage. ee i tee Wade et PLN) i eR ON isa) Sept. 13, 1913 3 00
Thomas Hassett tii: coc sac ac ok kek ee ee Sept. 19, 1913 25

$92 00

_REcEIPTS OF THE Bureau or Martine FISHERIES FOR THE Fiscan
Yrar Enpine SEPTEMBER 30, 1913

License |Certifi- R

ecord-
ing
fee

pee Total

$4 00/$3,038 27
8 75 031 40

’

1 00
$92 00|\$26,996 24

Pen- In-
Rentals Taxes alty terest fee

Oct. 31, 1912.....| $2,956 41 22 DON eee $0 36 $75 00
Nov. 30; 1912.....| 5,021 79 63; $0 13 10
Decal 1oi2= U hesl 0 17g: STE lea Vd Cn Te 1 70
JAN Palo Odes eu 24 83 rs CEA 10 | Raa Smee Ret (Bee aust eih at (Ra oa ee NT WRU a A [8 od
Heb 28) 1903 vis: 2 000 Lola eeeo On|) "BO! SUia cewtetall cata aireutts
Mar Sia lose. ae 750 2a| 2.276 63) “33° S4\o.e5.0. 135 00
Aprlis0; 191322. 2. 272 39 653; 76)| “42 55 1 38 120 00
May 31, 1913.....' 1,549 50 151 28 6oL7 5 42 800 00
June 30; 1913.2... 231 63 112 88& 75 2 23} 1,105 00
DULY LOL e on ee 1,708 60 102 35 Bg: 5) een 6 190 00
Avie ol, 1913... 39 15 5 23 1 05 72 200 00
Sept. 30, 1913..... 363 00 20 48 4 10 1 47 35 00

Potaliicieus cel $16,537 911$7,555 11/$129 84| $13 38/$2,660 00

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 311
Unparip TAxkEs For THE YEAR 1912
NAME Lot Location Tax Penalty

WalllitamyeeyAtoram's arene en erste 280 MaAMAlCANOAy niece $0 35 $0 07
Andrew, Anderson’. /.22:....006- 424 IREWalien lone ho alo ao aie 70 14
Mohn VINEE ell eS Me Vee areal 269 East Chester bay........ 2 40 48
Nonny Vien Bele eeaeran aya eye gail. 268 Long Island sound....... 1 70 34
OswallMerBergenyes a asic ceeceomen 272 Long Island sound....... 2 80 56
Bell, Fordham & Bell............. 89 Long Island sound....... 3 20 64
ENyavslieniie IMIG (Oevmavesa\ 5 45.5 giao dio a6 6.5 45 Rvamibanulo ayeateare riches 18 03
Amadnrews Vien annonce sie s\ eiensia clei 735 Raritan bay. steele 55 11
Georeewe iG ally aie aay ra ee 41 Long Island sounds 18 73 3°75
Bernarca@ ollingniaee aeiearranciion sel: 264 Long Island sound....... 40 08
IBernarcde@ollingimen. cetera oes 233 Long Island sound....... 70 14
Est. Nathaniel Carman........... 492 Jamaica bay.......-...- 1 45 29
Est. Nathaniel Carman........... 116 Jamaica bay............ 15 03
Est. Nathaniel Carman........... 115 UEGONENIOEY ION RG rin) 65 clo adlaas 60 12
Oscars Weekerie in sid deliipala antes 37 VarIGAanu Daye vliemieicie ete 43 09
Wialter(© Dentonne. -eoe mess 287 JAmMal ca ayneietacyciclercde + 2 8&5 57
Wialter(©s)Dentony.. sec. sie aces 344 Jana cal ayeaiereieleielerel ele iv 1K) 22
lal@aiai Mies IDEN Cie Ganinainintaaa a oree 343 VEnoeoz lotini~neoagaaeue nc 2 65 53
NAOMI WE ID AWAS eis alae ier aleve slice 506 AMAT CAM Aya sere stele eel: 1 40 28
lelasonai? ilo ADEN AIS SI Raley a aere ny Bidens 329 AMOI A Davee elle cic 1 85 37
DenmisDoughertyeencoe aces sel - 286 Hast Chester bay........ 1 45 29
Dennise) oughertyarciec seme ar 288 East Chester bay........ 2 65 53
JonnyOmHordhamye sees eiee cee: 229 Relhamibawnyas cectareenc AID Dim tay siete wei
Jonni@Hoxrdamy sce eee ecit 232 Relhamibayeiaatecs cn ZU SOM tee seeccuiae se
Ueloin OQ), W@Choe ens YG soe dda Uda oe 305 Relhamanoaiyae ee secre SL TAL ees ee,
VOlmn O, Worley, adovsoaenspoas 231 Relhtamiybavie a. smini-lelle ee): a Uz. lo | ort es ees Me
olan O), Momwelovirn. Lo oouhadooosooe 236 Pelham bay. seats Si DOM eeekels oleae:
HOlnya CO), Ioroloehin. yooacuaenes none 97 Long Island sound....... GMS OM esey Aes
Wei. Mordbamnh 1.9. syeversie wiley sitar eras 263 Pelhamulo ay, vais sire os) 3) eee 35 07
Meee Blordinanaa as lig aly 2 ale ets ote 262 Pelbamub ayes ies saiinies - 1 60 32
Week Mordhamay she 1s cute. tele sles 261 Belhamvbay i.e. +2 = ily 4595) 31
pihomasiWe Elolberteermenae eae 605 INehalEnO IONS 6 moos aa ole 45 09
Athomas) Wi. Holbertijn.< 10s.» see 607 VAAL ATMA ia ies Veus ete ois os 1 83 37
Otto D. & Herman Housman...... 324 Long Island sound....... 25 00 5 00
JNololiic}elsd fol ohavstoy skh ye ee eee Several | Long Island sound.. ie ele Ponta? 4 44
Antomette S: Wamb,: 24-2... - 32 Long Island sound....... 19 85 3 97
MO CUM UITI yi sa ies wie faisied « Rlavele o oye.d 322 Long Island sound....... DP25 1 05
Thomas 8. iNiscall OE Ree oie RCI 527 INEWAMNIEA ln sa G pon eo DLC DSM aievsdiscs eran
mhomas) So Merrell osc nce ase ec: 525 ianitantip avec sieniacerine OSM iere asec
Hihomlasi San NWervellitsy ae olen iarierel et 523 IRAN JOE yoo mole O Sido oo RDI Nes eM ys
PUROMAsiSe Vlerrellers apis siieminie. 533 IRENA OLAV a nigis Gio dia or I Gi His cee awe
homas! Sa enrelliacc dels erteicls ¢ 535 IR AMEN. OES god oloao acer OS ie Mebeuctersrataces
Mommas SeMlerrellins om acs cece 844 Raman ay emerreir iene ce UDA See istoeye
homashS a iWvenrelll mani «il. len: 693 VATA Daye we icin es GOR sears
Mavens) Ss IMIG areal 45 Soh odes one 222 Ich wtih lovin Aly ano Moe ob Se (AD wideweke iat a
AWomasi sa Mierrelivy eis terior er 14 SAN varibami levis sic cj cvsveietde IE AORN atau es st
Wonerongiey S\, Wiis v5 claccooeadoce 529 IReHIWEha loenan os big oe dood ¢ AOE EAE oe
waa erre lle iairees ce see ore 677 Rampant ayant: LO Malh. Pres eseseenntn
Abram & William Manee.......... 806 Riamitanib ayes ae 85 Ves
Abram & William Manee......... 814 Riamitanubayaaseusrieie seis 1 65 oo
Abram & William Manee..........| 816 arian ayeyeeaeieiec eae 75 15
Abram & William Manee.......... 819 FUATUDAMND SY). Jos cries mice eres 1710 22
Abram & William Manee......... 832 IRehulOL PAYS A go Goban ode 28 06
Alprann Wiamee va). cen vejs erektoie 6 808 IRAE. wig ae oboe oe 1 10 22
Abram Vaneenariiisctnasapeci nis 815 varitanb aya m eer seis 1 20 24
Aram aneeneeas save inchs 817 IR UIE AY ORR 5 high oo amine 50 10
ADramy Vance eicme nmr rise i aon oa oe 461 Haritan! DAY.) 6.250.626: 50 10
Charles McCrodden.............. 221 Jamaica bay............ 2 35 47
Charles McCrodden.............. 606 Jamaica bay... 505 os oles 2 25 45
John He Me@rodden./):)5. 2.2.4.0 517 JAMAICA DAV vwoe sce von. aa hfs) 23
DD var eye ire loathe er acid vatls ere 110 EVADIGAT MOBI), 3) 86) obec eos ol 25 05
DEVAGUE Mee wie eit et te Bae wanna 30 IRemiiaie ENYA BO yooo anno 45 09
ilmlersbrice ws eiemincukueslememiereene 274 anitanwbaven cement 45 09
BVO ERICe wiih fecha nly Dee ea ah ts 260 UAMbATMOA Viele eres cine 75 15
13) Gootsy oa EO) pou men UPR AIR Patent aE 264 IRENE TO lOENY ato Caodoao Go 30 06
Hilmenverice uni vedi vat, atin Tyee. 268 IRE Ol oW lop AR MIN IKIA S Haig oo 40 08
Eimer rE Mee eye caw ivoire wee lee eie ate 250 IRE MMO LOERYS Diao pooch bo 38 08
IE TMELMEGICE hyeyel picasa eho ere 244 INAnEB NT SA Asolo ab olbc 20 04
Film erwSrice yasieis oes esas eiainateere an 272 VAMIpAMY OAV verereleeieie sioner 50 10
IMMER PEMGE Sins en eae uit ticle 712 Raritan aven sonninerine 35 07
HilemienvEriceneectt ows ey aia generate ae 6 Raritan bay verecieisirde 25 05

312 Tuirp AnnuAL REPORT oF THE CONSERVATION ComMIssION

Unparp Taxrs ror THE YEAR 1912 — (Concluded).

NAME Lot Location Tax Penalty

Nils 'Pedersoniiisge 5 .hew sistas eae 134 anibani bavi iae $1 07 $0 21
Purity Blue Point Oyster Co...... Several | Long Island sound....... 60 00 12 00
Jobin Price, Sra ineee iit an. ghee te ae 244 Hast Chester bay........ 6 20 1 24
Price) &Menrrellity. iene cose ae 4 Raritan payieenae.s arene als es 23
JosephiRivGerdas acs tee ee ee 283 TAMA CaiOGyiacs ose ces a 225 45
Wr wRineharte acm aie yee 635 VAMarea ayes sey see aie 70 14
Wiki Rimehantan o.aamiee sae cain 636 JAMAICA IOAN eles netstat 80 16
IBY Wea SPLAM UC meet ea catenins era fue 409 Raritan DAyin ice ese ac 63 13
Rey De SPLagueios aieseici ae so aere as 413 Rarivan bayvianwe creda ae 60 12
John Saslerhtea a eae ele ce 715 RATAN Aviacsa cons eto ¢ 1 45 29
His Wawrenceismithe.).. ores curecke 29 Long Island sound....... 18 70 3 74
Rev oawrenceSimiblane eds aniec ae 33 Long Island sound....... 19 67 3 93
HeeViarshallismaithh ys op vrei nates 30 Long Island sound....... 18 90 3 78
Hy Marshall Smithioi sich once Wee 31 Long Island sound....... 18 30 3 66
JG DP Ke Simonson.) joccsesecee 51 Riamtanibayincre sue seria Bot TS lene
Jee DPKG Simonson pate ee eee 49 Harvban Daye cieeniae on er AD Al Vansant
SWBHSpramien ee ss Ancor setulae 65 Raritan ayes eclecu acer 1 30 26
Davids Simonsonuie enna see ee 822 Raritan dae isms aceelane ate 70 14
Davids Simonson passe eee ues 825 Raritan Day «cvs. cece 35 07
George rE i Sopenin suvascirccme erent 413 Jamaica pay. cls an aie 1 80 36
Georsew? Sopemigsh evade con cee 614 JAMAICA, fonts win eyarnicseee 3 10 62
Georfey SOMer Mirco aarhaeir de 420 VaIMACRIDAY ac carcaieeas 1 60 32
Georve dl: Sopersk. sweet ee 611 JAMO AICA, BY iis dis elarsw cle one 1 20 24
George eSopercei aise aca are selene 437 JAMAICA DAV... soe seers 1 45 29
Wise: Schimechk straw tose re ae 98 Jamas DAY Oe weed see 2 SOV NM Aa eee
WAVES ell airaiteec, tain ovaries are 596 Vamaien DOSY. cise oe sae. 1 80 36
IVIL EU SIGKNIATI ae Gisele cbcrsjmiateke rates 599 JAM BICA VAY ace nite es less 1 80 36
AEE Oe Ea ise MLO sae caareranors 23 Smithtown bay......... 11 83 Zee
JE Via WIVGle Aenea oiiniate seve te 398 Raritan Dayr eds acess 80 16
Richard Van Houghten........... a20 JAMAICA DAY. kaaade ane 3 70 74
WR aa VV AIS One Os) 32s owsicy teks reeciada trate 518 VAMBICS OAV ok ounnl oeeenaees 3 20 64
WV ice Wall SOniie: “sie itetenenta ators 520 JAIMATCA I cca cule he as 9 00 1 80
DMennissH NAL aoe rob weer ew een eas 290 East Chester bay........ 1 85 37
Denmisvh MWisrd: eas any ec cate steer 292 East Chester bay........ 225 45

4 Wo: ANS Pe Goro IR ERAN ea es ty nal bie soot Adie MRK bese beet $368 72 $68 51

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

FISH CULTURIST

[313]

‘as ss

f

fh Bch os

J

4

woth A
oe a

Photo by J. A. Glenn.
Night scapping for pike perch, Scriba Creek, Constantia, N. Y.

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

FISH CULTURIST

Hon. Tuomas H. Guy, Deputy Commissioner, Division of Fish
and Game:

Str.— The report upon the fish cultural work of the Conserva-
tion Commission for the fiscal year ended September 30, 1913, is
herewith presented.

With this account are included reports from the foremen of the
nine hatcheries operated during the year, the results of inspection
trips to inquire into the condition of the stations, the methods in
use in hatching and caring for the fish, the habits, diseases, mode
of capture, improvements in the routine of developing eggs and
fish and such others matters as make for the increased efficiency of
the service.

The stations have distributed the unusual number of 1,287,255,-
120 fish, and related food species, during the year. This shows
an increase of 556,820,187 over the output of the preceding year,
and is due very largely to the enormous gain in hatching and
planting marine food fishes.

Among the 39 species of water animals, chiefly fish, which
were propagated and planted by the Commission in 1913, are
included shad, river herring, whitefish, lake herring, tullibee, four
species of trout, smelt, maskalonge, pikeperch, black bass, sea
bass, tomeod, flatfish, lobster and edible crab. The establishment
of the two auxiliary hatcheries at Montauk and Cold Spring Har-
bor has greatly augmented the yield of the Long Island station, and
if a number of additional field stations could be added, the gain
would be still more pronounced.

There are now at the stations the following brood fish: Adiron-
dack hatchery, 270 brook trout; Caledonia hatchery, 37,500
brown and rainbow trout of various ages from 9 months to 8
years; Cold Spring Harbor hatchery, 1,200 brook trout, 100 brown

[315]

316 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

trout, 3,000 rainbow trout; Delaware hatchery, 4,950 brook trout,
ranging from fingerlings to 3 years old; Linlithgo, 120 black bass,
50 calico bass.

The money value of the fish distributed in 1913 was at least
$250,000, not including the brood stock.

The experiment in propagating short-nosed sturgeon in ponds
at Linlithgo will be discontinued, owing to the fact that, although
the fish evidently spawn in the ponds, no fry have yet been dis-
covered. It is probable that the sturgeon matures only a few
eges at a time, and that the fry, if any develop, are destroyed by
other inhabitants of the pond which it is impossible to exclude.
There is no difficulty whatever in keeping the sturgeon alive, and
in good condition; but the only feasible method of obtaining eggs
and milt is so cruelly destructive as to be without warrant in
practical fish culture.

The rearing of shad in ponds has been remarkably successful.
In a pond of less than one-fifth of an acre in area the foreman of
the Linlithgo station raised 500,000 fingerlings in the summer of
19138. Many of the shad when liberated measured 4 inches in
length, and the only dead shad found in the pond were about a
dozen which were stabbed and killed by the giant waterbug,
Belostoma americanum. The cost of food for the number of
shad fingerlings mentioned was scarcely more than $20. The food
consisted chiefly of water meal.

During the fiscal year, construction work was begun at the new
station at Ogdensburg, N. Y., and preliminary surveys and ex-
aminations were made for the proposed hatchery in Warren
county.

Experience at the two stations which propagate the small-
mouthed black bass demonstrates that it is very difficult to rear
the fry to fingerling age without serious losses and with uncertain
results as to the annual yield. The bass, very early in life, show
a partiality for moving natural food, such as insect larvae and
small fish. It is sometimes almost impossible to provide this
food in sufficient quantities to insure a rapid growth. At the
Linlithgo station there is an abundance of fly larvae which the
bass take freely, and we rear river alewives and buckeye shiners
(Notropis atherinoides, Raf.) in very large quantities, usually

CONSERVATION COMMISSION ley,

sufficient to bring the bass to a proper size for distribution as
fingerlings. The fingerling bass at Linlithgo will also feed upon
thin strips of white-meated fish, usually suckers from which the
scales have been removed. In spite of all efforts the percentage of
bass carried from the fry stage to fingerling age is always small,
and serious losses occur during the season on account of bass
enemies, low water, and excessive growth of algae.

Occasionally, as will be seen from the statements given by
Foreman Miller and his predecessor at the Oneida station, young
bass disappear from a rearing pond very mysteriously. At one
time a fine lot of bass were placed in a small pond near the
hatchery at Constantia, and nearly all of them were missed sud-
denly. When the pond was emptied it was found that worms
and crawfish had bored through the ground from Frederick creek
into the bass ponds, making small tunnels through which the fish
escaped.

The later work of fish distribution was very greatly hampered
for the want of the fish car Adirondack which was broken down
in mid-summer and sent to the shops for repairs. These neces-
sary changes were so extensive that it was impossible to make
them before the season closed.

Our State, and this is true of practically all the east coast
States having shell fisheries, has done nothing in the way of ex-
periments in the artificial culture of oysters and other shellfish.
The United States Bureau of Fisheries has investigated the ar-
tificial culture of oysters during many seasons, and has now de-
veloped methods which are successful from a scientific point of
view, but which are not yet capable of adoption for commercial
advantage. It is to be hoped that this matter, so important to
our Commonwealth, will soon receive the consideration which it
merits.

HatcHErRy EXPENDITURES.

Vanier Ge EU Cy, wensnaieienaian | ital Meta eas araidrd es $60,043 45
Up iiccenen Gelato rete arate i aries we alos c 5) wr eee te 4,000 00
Giradeds ennployeeay ess Ga ute iectare:. Sidicon 5 a ale ews 9,495 00

TROLL ep Weck ieee ath ON ee AN Pe $73,538 45

318 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Broop FisH at StTarIons.
Adirondack’; 2... eR rerersh ete 270 adult brook trout.
Caledonia Dye." ore esau ere 2,000 fingerling brown trout.
6,000 yearling brown trout.
8,500 adult brown trout.
5,000 yearling rainbow trout.
4,000 2-year-old rainbow trout.
5,000 38-year-old rainbow trout.
7,000 4 to 8-year-old rainbow
trout.
Cold ws prima Elarbor os, 1,200 brook trout.
100 brown trout.
3,000 rainbow trout.
Welaware Ns sce ss es see 2,000 fingerling brook trout.
1,100 brook trout, 18 months.
1,450 brook trout, 2 year old.
400 brook trout, 3 year old.
AG Hea Pe eave he eaten ete 120 adult black bass.
50 adult calico bass.

FISH DISTRIBUTED BY STATE HATCHERIES.

Short-nosed sturgeon. Brown trout.

Bullhead or catfish. Rainbow trout.

Chub. Lake trout.

Lake chub. Brook trout.

Buckeye shiner. Smelt.

Flat shiner. Maskalonge.

Pin shiner. Pike.

Horned dace. Pikeperch.

Eel. Yellow perch.

Shad Black bass, small mouthed.
River herring. Black bass, large mouthed.
Frostfish. Calico bass.

Whitefish. ‘Sunfish.

Little whitefish. Long-eared sunfish.

Lake herring. Rock bass. |

Tullibee.

Silver bass.

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 319

Sea bass. Lobster.

Scup. Blue crab.
Tomeod. _ Freshwater shrimp.
Flatfish.

FISH DISTRIBUTED IN 1913 BY STATIONS

ADIRONDACK

LOOK OUI MENG) SU eM NGL ie. 538,000

iprook trout amgerlingsi .2.)..... 2. 938,300

Brook trout aduiltse ).! a 2... 10
i, A T6310

Ae ROUGE ry Gee) SEN a es 90,000

Wake trout tineerlmesy 3,202... ...... 29,500
——_—___—_—— 119,500

JERONRogL ORONTU EO AA se OW Ste Hay ae Eh 5,000
a 5,000

nainbow. trout tngerlings:)).0. 2... 5,000
a Enlai 5,000
Wi Pameniclanihinye Nett ea cite CMe Ne 4,410,000
WitiWenwntetsh ry nh ae cs a 800,000
HERPAs es PUM MAP ALT VG cre cseliey Obs dare wi aha’ ay oh eile Gn leans Wi a isos ab 253,000
7,068,810

Batu

ierooketmout fry ee keh a 105,000

Brook trout mmgerlimes.) 2)... 2.) 389,500
————_—_—_—_—. 494,500

ake trout) nngerlings // yee 80,000
—_—__—__—— 80,000

IS ONVMEOLOUG IW ee ree ay el 27,000

Erewa teout umeerlines . 2) veces eo 88,000
ee 115,000
vam bows rout) aM SOTO cite scl ye's a 2s 2 we + ae 78,500

768,000

* The eggs from which these fish were developed were furnished by the Caledonia Hatchery.
+ From eggs furnished by Caledonia Hatchery.

320 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

CALEDONIA

Brook trout | iry i). A i ee ‘ 263,000

Brook trout) f@ugerlmpeny ace). oy ee) 464,600
727,600
Lake’) trout: | fin@erlimaeren Stree eee seein teen ae 5,000

Browal: trout? Hines cee ree eae Wins 125,000

Brown, trout ‘aingerlimes,| ayaa 231,500

Brown, trout Yaduliee? oy .. 0.0 sie 30
356,530

iano, Grontid REI VAS, ning ca eee 145,000

Rainbow trout fingerlings.......... 173,000

Rainbow troutcadults........2.: Si 56
318,056
Whitefish fry (eggs from Fulton Chain)......... 5,752,000
Lake, herrine ¢(iheyt'<c.es «s eT ey Re tA: 17,241,000
Mabkalonge: fryih srvsse train tn strode okie eames ents 3,280,000
Pikepercly \2ryetn th. okie a 0s ee le 10,375,000
Bilaiele pass: adiiltise sso 's 0s ik ee eae 225
Shrimp “adultg) 24: sje dese ene bY a SeiE Na aremioak tee 2,000
38,007,411

CHAUTAUQUA

Brookjirout, ) nigeria ie las aut arte wisi 142,000
Ann Gentnelag sty pee ek Gee gel.r ns bite asic ctietl Ceenec Me Maat ha 750,000
[gale *Marenriina eet Sires ie. tao) abl eieitce pclion ato Nae rap wane icon, LO OR GU
Miiskeatlomigie airy iia) henna ota caters eee wale fase 2,625,000
Yellow “pereh) teycis seems ea seg seite eeaeeiaet es 250,000
19,267,000

* 400,000 eyed eggs were sent to Bath and Delaware hatcheries for development and distribution.

+ 357,000 eyed eggs were divided between the Bath and Delaware hatcheries for development
and distribution.

t The eggs from which these fry were developed were furnished by the Chautauqua hatchery.

§ The eggs which produced these fry were obtained from the Oneida hatchery.

** 243,000 Brook trout fingerlings were sent to Caledonia hatchery for distribution from there,
the Jamestown, Chautauqua & Lake Erie Railroad having refused free transportation from the
Chautauqua hatchery. 4 ‘

*** 3,250,000 eyed eggs were sent to Caledonia hatchery for development and distribution
from that station, and are not included in this report.

CONSERVATION COMMISSION 3

bo
=

Coup Spring Harpor

Ook Rout cieyr wee eevee sees ek A 118,000

Brook) trout, Maneenlimes |W sana) 62,500
180,500

OMAN POUCH MIVA NS Sra erie use ay es sas 5,000

Brow trout) tmeerlimes. ued. e\ 11,000
16,000

eIOMMOW) SCROUMb TEV) Ue ea eee eke 10,000

ivaiabow trout tngerlings...2..:..>. 17,000

ieuinbow trout adults. 4... .25 kes.) 50
Saal 27,050
Braeiicitslam airy sesame arr el ea hs ah ly tare 75,000
STM HIMMIRINTO INO ern Sees cale ee vel la ee A: 116,077,500
IP MRBTOCSEG aU ai eg tare OWN, Ngan) AP uo Aa Ian ge 2,000,000
SLED, JOGISSA MBNA A ilta) at UG IRE Ot ee ae ne 20,742,800
Meo canting: WOM ens AW a yc dines 4 owe 113,212,000
12 ESCO) TER eae ares 008i:5 ae eee et TS aL Oa 106,700,000
Marerscronmsiey Vie eae Sewanee BARE Gus ies ale 11,847,255
HME MERAD CONS ea ee ke we ea el 520,000,000
890,878,105

DELAWARE

OOK nrOUt, TEV EA ee Me ek 2 2.8 e 304,000

Enookmivout time erhmes 2) 25552) 2 377,500
681,500

EON IELOUL METI EN kee Ryka ih be 120,000

bnowm trout )mneerhings 205 ye. ).. 65,000
185,000

RvamMDOWw: LLOUT MMV Wa ie te Rik & 25,000

inaimbow trout tmeerlinesy: 2:02 1.2% 82,000
107,000
973,500

*This total does not include the following eyed eggs of Brook trout: To Adirondack hatchery
1,540,000, Bath 300,000, Caledonia 500,000 — a total of 2,340,000.

+ The Brown trout were produced from eggs furnished by the Caledonia hatchery.

{ The Rainbow trout were developed from eggs obtained from Caledonia hatchery.

11

322 Turrp AnnuAL REPORT OF THE
Furtton CHain
Brook trot, Sry icem bie nr tine «os. cones 162,000
Brook. trout.) tieerlnmes oie. foe). 200,000
Brooks trot: | acpi secre aisha le aie 9
362,009
Lake trout, dig evn Rio eciai cnet Geth ao 30,000
hake) trout:| aineeniimes o\ 0 6Gh. a). 19,000
—__-_——- 49,000
Whitetigh 31. \3 areh he alee bie sled ee eae lee 8,820,000
rst 0.) Naha en's lara bees ashe ny parte oa Peg en a 147,000
9,378,009
LinLiTHeo
rol OLR TS a Re SOMME MRO Mr Ret ound age 5,920,000
Siac femoer lines. oo aa eins ok ee aeie aA 500,000
6,420,000
AIO LQ T INO Wika ncaa sane Jar alia a ete eee 35,000,000
BRooks MONE AEN Lt kta wee a en an 148,000
Brooke crowt.,.caneerhnes 05's )p 6% sho 188,500
336,500
Eisai Hae reeteeh ep LG a on nm sel gah le ge ese ereliore ee tae eee 14,000,000
Pikeperckt try to's cite aa os ee eigen Rohe late a eelien 12,500,000
Yellow, perch: days ko we ag ee ets okie a ale ene 5,000,000
Black bass, smallmouth, fry... 0... 4,900
Pleclewbace ump ta ee a a atl 8,600
Black: bass) fimgerlimgs) 4... 00.2.0 1,325
Galicovbass. fingerlimpg. sbi wc s's's a. 750
Calico: bass yeamlanes io ee. sf 150
Calico ‘bags: adele dae Othe isis «ss: ecx\m 304
1,204
rush fin gerltmge )) errs ies Lc. suman errata 600

73,273,129

* Of these 840,000 eggs were presented to the Commission by Hon. N. R. Buller, Pennsylvania
Commissioner of Fisheries.
+ These fry were produced from eggs shipped from the Oneida hatchery.

: ug pes
E aoe tl
Metsu?
Jang i

"AN ‘Bueyjsuoy “Yae1D eqiiog ‘yoiod axid Joy sjou dip yWM Surysty

‘amy ‘y ‘[ 4q ojoyg

CONSERVATION COMMISSION

PMs MNerMS el kb ele we
eens PACH ES IY) eos inl eae sa ws oe

big J3) sober tere TG oS) aie Cae aa ney ee an
ase club eagUlts, 6. ek ke
Buckeye shiner fingerlings.........
Peaiecummerwvadulis.,.... 02.65... 5.
mishiner, limgerlings.............
interned dace. fingerlings......0.....
TE GL 2CLMI TEOMA RNC Ber Reagent he ae a
Pcemmetrine ITY). 5. jae lnd le oe os
a TELL DOS SITES AE a TA Poca
PSUR MPTOMNUES) |) ac pes cece baltia 6 tee eave»
Maskalonge adults ....... Geta io 5
Hee OOM LIV 2h aie vorevlien cleverness 6 s+
keperch fingerlings ...32........
Petkemerca! adults’ 2.2/5 20g ew es

Pikeperch eggs exchanged*.........
ReMi mere PRY 6 6.644 sie ieiain 66 2 +
Bellow perch fingerlings...:.5.....
Mellow perch, adults.....40..0..--.

Black bass, small mouth, fry.........
Black bass, small mouth, fingerlings. . .
Black bass, small mouth, adults......

Black bass, large mouth, fingerlings. .
Black bass, large mouth, adults......

@alico bass fingerlimes).4).........
acon bass adulifgnvewie i... s+. .

ioe bass ‘iingerlmmesi sy). ...5..
ROCK Dass) AUS ener eles ws oe. oles

ee ee © © © © &@ ©

ee ee © © © © ©

@) ,@) \e|!. @ ‘@, ey ie; ee, 'o

25
16

50,000,000
307,750

12

493,500

66,300

20

323

19,250,000
59,250,000
6
9

94,691,291
23,625,000

50,307,762

489,820

43

* In addition to these there were furnished to other hatcheries for development and distribution

45,375,000 eggs.

324 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Sunfish aduiliig: sho aie Or als Rane ete panae 693

Silver, bass: ine@erlines ye one 20

Silver bass erg wllisiat.kuiecn peg Wee sae at oan 6
26
Eawiyer : aa alts Qi 230 jens seein eaters a eae ae 2
247,641,156

FISH DISTRIBUTION IN 1913 BY STATIONS

A damon nel. 3, os keer 7,068,810
Bei Gk Toe Boe ee ee 768,000
Crkediona Was ogc tay la a eusloe clea ete payiaue te cae ene eee 38,007,414
OMe a beri aned cle aie a sanete a oe eee es ne eee ree 19,267,000
Cold Spring Harbori, ics ec 890,878,105
Delawatern . nyoeeek ee es ake 973,500
Malton \OWaam, 0h, See ae hen ie Sere eae ee 9,378,009
‘Danita 02s. tas te eae he see eee 73,273,129
O77 0c: anion Se er aire ry eramcengh Ons LLRs to, 247,641,156
1,287,255,120

FISH DISTRIBUTION, ro11-1913

1911 1912 1913

Ndirondaek! 20... 7,416,877 4,610,059 7,068,810
Balin scree caer. 1,020,461 1,974,545 768,000
Caledonia «222.0% 49,140,150 30,132,750 38,007,411
Chautauqua 23,221,725 14,020,100 19,267,000
Cold Spring Harbor 347,650,400 401,554,422 890,878,105
Delaware '.)5\s. 4 821,500 994,517 973,500
Fulton Chain .... 5,201,050 7,467,010 9,378,009
Linlithgo ........ 25,657,983 49,436,379 73,273,129
Oneida, .onuae ue 236,318,248 220,945,151 247,641,156
730,434,933 1,287,255,120

701,448,394

eee et SS SSS SS

ye pitts he

aay ae een

‘ayey eprouQ “yosod axid Joy jou des surAydwy

‘uus}g “y ‘[ Sq oj04g

CONSERVATION COMMISSION 325

FISH DISTRIBUTION BY SPECIES

Clay Woke) at) iutovererelln savers), 3 isi Ae Ale A eam Aiea aera 13
SC rinmiche rciMiign ee Neer eS tale: 435
(Clonsiloy.. saloayacere Pavers estas Abeta caavea a Meee ae a 16
Dele) C]NTEG WI CUUUNES See ii ele ani A a Aa ave ve 6
inmekeye shiner, tingerlimes. 260.20 es 26,000
PeeAVeomimermaAGMliget ER eS ee ee 6
iomcummer )timgerlings. |. 2. eS be ee we 6
iomed dace tmgerlings. oe... ee ss 6
LoiGll. BCLS goles Ses iain a ANS et nae A eee Ue 3
PS 1DE Gs TUTE pe wees cic ga AR Ae Gay a cE 5,920,000
POM MNMOCRIMAC SI SR NRE eae Lh eae a eoeta rs 500,000
iinenenennimen dry Tea Ee Lb ee 35,000,000
JE rem@tetuslel TETRA BM dalek nd ec See Oo 400,000
Ween fry... 2. eee Lelie 19,807,000
awlemmusmanenicln try the Cia toed oe ae 2S. 800,000
} ALES WNSTETCIIUER NST a, Pa Ati oe ean SP Ca 65,991,000
JL TLL Gi 0) TOA A Aas A I ete A a 59,250,000
ISs2O, AUROUI IU ie ete ee eats Pe ee ere 282,000
Bromo ineerlinegh sti ik eels 395,500
Eamon adults OR Pe ok eel ks 30
eA IROUT TY eee hk heres de eles 180,000
Eoambow trout, HMeerines. 550.2504 22 sel. 355,500
nemo trout aawltsi 22 he he lke nee 106
} 21S SOONG ABE een ee ee ee a ee Pe 120,000
ce w ucOmU MMOCTIEMNOS i ke ee es ee 153,500
LO TROOIR, AUROTUIAY WUT. ae 7 Gi elo ee ee a 1,638,000
aoe prota inmverlingse a wen ko 2,762,900
JEG] MIRON NMS ACRES a vant 2 oiled te ees ae ee a Le
SUMGI Gy TAS ANE Bane Syke CeCe a a 116,077,500
JP SG) (2X0 20S) Sage aa oi a 6
Ju DSIE GION G SOS ARMAS Ih ae 5,855,000
MEcballonve adults: G52 MeGe le ok... 2
Caicompacs wimmerlimes| PU as eS 756
Caliicombacermyeanlnmese spied Uaieteie ele de waa 150
NGO) OSM P RIG MItce Uy Cea Nt 310
IRAE DES") san aeesel Ta.) 0) Ee a ee 1

JRO ASS laGiN te ae a SS Re Re Sal

326 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Sunfish fingering: eae et ie aa aie 600
mmmtish) adults cic. aye acne Wcnece ee cere nea 693
Silver. bass” tingerlimmsee see. 5 eee 20
Silver’ bass. adults ieee tenes cht). ena eee 6
Smallanouthed , black Hass #iry:) ois). en See 428,400
Small-mouthed black bass adv. fry........... 8,600
Small-mouthed black bass fingerlings......... 67,625
Small-mouthed black bass adults............ 245
Large-mouthed black bass fingerlings........ 6
liarge-mouthed black ybass: adults?) oe 2
Pikepereh ees)... 2/52 wi. ce eee 23,625,000
Pikeperch sairy... < AeGetr is lace Gate arene ene 119,566,250
Pukeperch’ wingerlings si) 2c eer 25
Pikeperch adults’ ..s2% PA sie hety cea te 16
Yellow perch (fry x2 G0 Secs oe ee 55,250,000
Yellow, perch fingerlines..) 01. oe 307,750
Yellow perch’ aduligych oy cpa eee 12
Ga WARS) LEY sia, c bois Oik Wis ie ea elle el 20,742,800
Drormgond Sry.’ sess 2. sk ee ae 113,212,000
haw yer adults: o.. 05. 6s Bee eee 2
Blathish' fry 0465.20 % a Cae ee ee ee 106,700,000
Lobster: Diy i i. 02 ee ae ee 11,847,255
Blue..crab. (eyed segog) tt.0s 2.) oe eee eee 520,000,000
Breshwater’ shrimp. is. 4 hae eA eee ee ene tee 2,000

1,287,255,120

THE HATCHERIES
ADIRONDACK STATION

When I took charge of this station, July 15, 1913, there were
approximately 200,000 fingerling trout in the troughs. These
fish were in good condition, but small for their age, probably
from overcrowding at the time when they were beginning to feed.

We finished shipping the trout applied for during the first week
in August. The number of applications filled during the season

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION Bh

was 502. The details of the shipments will be found elsewhere in
the report.

The gasoline engine and pump which were installed in 1912
have not proved a success, and cannot be depended upon to furnish
a continuous flow of water, which is essential to the hatchery work.

The races and rearing ponds are in bad condition, and cannot
be used to any advantage unless repaired or rebuilt. There need
not be so many races and ponds for the water supply is not suffi-
cient to fill both the house and the races as now arranged.

The hatchery is very much in need of painting, and also the
dwelling house and other buildings.

A retaining wall should be built along both sides of the brook
which runs through the grounds, as the piling put in to support
the banks is in bad condition and allows the water to undermine
them.— Reported by Wilham Hf. Burke, temporarily in charge.

Report oF Eaq Coniectina SEASON oF 1912 — AprrRonpDACcK
HATCHERY

Broox Trout*

WHEN RECEIVED] Number Ripe Ripe Water } Temp.
OR TAKEN of eggs Where from males | females |} morn. night
: 50 50
Oct. 14—Nov. 30....} 288,000 | Local waters.......... 154 135 { 36 36
LAKE TROUT 50 50
Oct. 11-Nov.17....| 182,000 | Local waters.......... 86 72 {
40 40
Brown TRovuT 40 40
Moyea Sie e uy 14,000) |! Tocal waters../...-...' 4 3 {
40 40
WHITEFISH T 40 40
INOW) Ase eo ea biog 6 2,646,000 | Local waters.......... 165 161
40 40
LitTLE WHITEFISH
Nov. 28—Dec. 9..../4,147,200 | Chateaugay L........ 1,500 Q5O Moai er meicta once
FROSTFISH 40 40
NowclQet7 jal auc: 299000) |, Local waters. :.......'. 300 296 { ac aa

* From the Cold Spring Harbor hatchery, Dec. 10 to 13, were received 1,540,000 eyed eggs of
Brook trout. From the Massachusetts Commission on fisheries and game, Sandwich, Mass.,
300,000 eyed eggs were received Dec. 20.

T ‘On Nov. 16 were received from the Fulton Chain hatchery 2,520,000 Whitefish eggs.

328 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Batu STATION

With the exception of a little gill inflammation in the early
season, which was soon overcome by the usual salt baths, our fish
have been free from diseases of all kinds. We have, at the end of
the first week in October, brook trout measuring 414 inches in
length from eggs laid down in the hatchery in December, 1912.

The work of collecting eggs in Lake Keuka was disappointing.
Lake trout that were not ready to spawn would remain in the
same condition for days when penned up. We remedied this by
putting them in a dark box sunk in the lake.

Catches of trout in Pleasant Valley stream were very large.
This stream contains a large number of water snakes which destroy
a great many trout.

Early fishing in Lake Keuka for lake trout was exceptionally
good.

Our water supply is collected entirely from springs, and has a
temperature of 50 degrees, which varies only 2 degrees during
the year. The egg hatching period is about 55 days.

I must again call attention to the need of purchasing 5 acres
of land which contain the large springs forming the principal
water supply of this hatchery. Cattle, hogs and sheep pollute the
water of these springs which would otherwise be ideal for trout
culture.— Reported by Henry Davidson, Foreman, Bath, N. Y.

CALEDONIA STATION

The results of work at this station have been unusually good
during the past year. In addition to the large distribution of
fish (recorded elsewhere) the station furnished 750,000 eyed eggs
of brown trout and rainbow trout to the hatcheries at Margaret-
ville and Bath, 7,000 eyed rainbow trout eggs to Ithaca Conserva-
tory and 33,175,000 green eggs of lake herring to Constantia
and Linlithgo stations. We collected also 225 black bass from
the western widewaters of the Erie canal.

The output of lake trout was very small owing to the scant
supply of eggs furnished to the Station. With the help of Pro-
tector Claude DoVille, the collection of lake herring eggs at Sodus
Bay was remarkably successful. Gill nets were used for taking

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 329

the fish, but pound nets will be tried during the coming season,
and they will probably work better, and lessen the danger of kill-
ing the fish. Maskalonge eggs were successfully hatched for the
first time at this Station. They were shipped here from the
Bemus Point Station, and the fry were delivered to many parts
of the State in fine condition according to the reports of the
appheants.

The Pennsylvania Fish Commission, through Superintendent
Hartman, at Erie, Pa., did everything possible to make our fishing
for lake herring at Erie a success. The Desmond Fish Company,
of Dunkirk, gave us valuable assistance in our efforts to collect
lake trout eggs. They made a lot of gill nets for this purpose;
but the weather was bad and the fish spawned late so that the
experiment was not a success.— Reported by Hrank Redband,
Foreman, Mumford, N. Y.

CHAUTAUQUA STATION

The brook trout were all kept to the fingerling stage before
distribution. Owing to lack of railroad transportation from
Bemus Point only 142,000 brook trout fingerlings were sent out
on appleations from here; the remaining 243,000 were shipped
to Caledonia for distribution from there. The distribution was
finished at this point on July 30.

The four cement ponds, each 4 x 40 feet, that were constructed
last fall were of much advantage in rearing the trout. If we had
another flowing well equal, or even one half the capacity of the
one now in operation, we could increase the trout output very
greatly. The new ponds, constructed above ground, proved much
superior to the old ones during high water in the spring. The
water surrounded the hatchery, but did not overflow the new
ponds which were full of brook trout at the time. There is an
appropriation of $100,000 to remedy the flood condition of this
lake.

From December 1 to December 9, 1912, we collected 25,856,000
lake herring eggs at Krie Pa., and December 17 to 19, we obtained
9,595,000 eges at Dunkirk, N. Y. Bad weather set in at Dunkirk
forcing the tug fishermen to quit fishing. The tug fishermen were
very obliging and helpful in our herring egg collection. Ili is no

330 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

easy task for the spawn taker to go out on these tugs to get the
egos, and it is difficult to secure competent help. It is hard to
get good eggs from gill nets that remain in the water 2, 3 or 4
days before lifting. Although the fish are alive when the eggs
are taken, they become waterlogged, and the eggs come freely
before they are mature. After the eggs have been in the hatching
jars from 2 to 4 weeks in water at 34 degrees they will begin to
show the poor ones, and bring the percentage of hatch under the
average. If the fish were caught in pound nets or if they remained
in the gill net not over 12 to 24 hours, I believe 85 to 90
per cent of them would hatch.

Much credit is due to the Pennsylvania Fish Commission and
Superintendent Hartman, at Erie, and to the Desmond Fish Com-
pany, of Dunkirk, N. Y., for their courtesy and help in collecting
lake herring eggs. Some of the herring fry were planted in Chau-
tauqua lake, but the bulk of them, 12,000,000, were sent to Lake
Erie at Dunkirk.

High water at the beginning of the season was a hindrance
to the maskalonge work. The maskalonge, when first hatched, is
one of the most helpless of fishes, and is a prey of any and all
smaller fishes, besides, as soon as it is able to swim it devours
its own kind in preference to any other food we have yet been
able to provide. Owing to lack of railroad transportation for
reaching applicants in this section, a large part of the maskalonge
eggs, at the eyed stage, were sent to the Caledonia Hatchery for
development and distribution from there. There were also fur-
nished’ to the Pennsylvania Fish Commission 500,000 eyed mas-
kalonge eggs for their station at Union City.

The collection of yellow perch eggs was small owing to windy
weather which prevented finding the eggs at the proper time.
The perch seldom exceeds 6 inches in length in this lake, and is
therefore not fished for as in most waters.

During July and August there are many visitors at the hatch-
ery. A pound net was set to collect fish for exhibition in the
cement ponds. Maskalonge, carp, billfish, bullheads, black bass,
large mouthed and small mouthed, rock bass and sunfish were
exhibited and proved very attractive to the visitors. Two mas-
kalonge, 4 feet long and weighing from 35 to 38 pounds, were

Rare are

Bi

set

‘uualy *y ‘[ Aq 004g

"K 'N ‘etuejsuod ‘ayey eprouc, ‘yodied ayid YUM jou

dei} Surpnepy

CONSERVATION CoMMISSION 331

among the fishes. On September 10 all the fish that remained
alive, except the carp and billfish, were liberated.

The newly graded and seeded lawn, with three flower beds,
added much to the attractive appearance of the station. The
high water last spring washed out the sides of the earthen ponds.
Repairs to this pond are now in progress. We are also making a
cement flume for an outlet of all the water supply into the lake.-—
Reported by Grant LH. Winchester, Foreman, Bemus Point, N.Y.

Corp Spring Harspor Station

Through the courtesy of Mr. George P. Slade, President of
the Southside Sportsman’s Club, of Long Island, we had the
privilege of collecting brook trout eggs from the club ponds. From
this source we obtained a fine lot. The green eggs were sent by
rail to our hatchery and except for some damage done in trans-
_ferring at railroad stations, they turned out very good. The ex-
pense of collecting these eggs was very small compared with the
cost of similar eggs from commercial hatcheries. We had many
more than were needed at this Station, and the surplus was sent
to several hatcheries.

We collected good brook trout eggs at our hatchery, but we are
carrying very few stock brook trout. There was no trouble in
our trout work this season, as the fish were clean and free from
disease. The stock fish are in fine condition.

We collected all the eggs of tomcod our jars would hold and
stopped collecting before the spawning season closed. The re-
turns from sales of tomcod sent to the city market carry many
fishermen through the month of December when there is nothing
else to be caught in the bays. We have single hatching tables only.
These could be converted into batteries thereby doubling the num-
ber of jars and greatly increasing the output.

Another very important fish which furnishes a great quantity
of cheap food in the city markets is the winter flatfish. Large
numbers are shipped from Montauk and other stations on Long
Island. When properly cooked the flatfish is as good as the fluke.
It is difficult to collect these eggs owing to the rough weather on
the seacoast during March. The eggs are adhesive and must be
stirred continually for a long time. They are very small and of

382 Tuirrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

a bright orange color. Vast quantities are hatched, but better work
could be done if they were hatched near the spawning grounds.
The fry are very small and difficult to hold in the tank.

The smelt is ahead of all other fish for market value. Coming
in the Lenten season, just before shad appear on the coast and
before the trout season opens, Long Island smelt are in great de-
mand and always bring a good price. We did not collect as many
eggs as usual owing to the small size of the fish. The run was
very large but the fish were small. The extensive handling of the
eges to separate them causes considerable loss, but still more
serious loss is due to overloading the hatching jars.

Pike perch eggs were obtained from the Oneida Hatchery. 2,000-
000 fry were produced for planting in Lake Ronkonkoma. The
eges arrived in fine condition, hatched well, and the results from
stocking should be good. Ronkonkoma Lake is a beautiful sheet
of water having an area of about 300 acres with a depth of nearly
70 teet.

The work with sea bass should be greatly increased, and this
could be done if we had a boat to go to the fishing grounds for eggs.
Several men who fish for sea bass collect eggs, but in order to
extend the work we must have a boat. The men who pen the fish
for the late fall market do not want to have them handled as they
are difficult to strip without more or less injury because of the
hard spines. These fish are very valuable at certain seasons, and
pens built of brass wire netting often contain several thousand
dollars worth of fish. Had we the means of catching the fish we
could build pens and hold the bass until they are ready for strip-
ping. Small tanks or pens which would give us all the eggs we
could handle should be built at the hatchery.

The lobster is hatched at the Auxiliary Hatchery on Fort Pond
Bay, Montauk. Owing to a long spell of foggy, bad weather the
fishermen were unable to set their pots outside where they would
catch egg bearing lobsters. Not being properly equipped for this
work we were unable to make a good record. A motor boat is
much needed, to go to the several fishing stations to collect eggs. We
were limited to what came to Montauk Landing. Captain E. B.
Tuthill and other fishermen did what they could to help us. One
fisherman who sets pots around Block Island and in the race says

CONSERVATION COMMISSION 309

that of ten bushels of lobsters caught in one night eight bushels
were ege bearing. All of these go to Connecticut shores. If we
had a proper boat we could collect all of these eggs. The eggs
hatched perfectly. There was no loss except when we had trouble
with the pumping plant and had to transfer eggs to floating boxes
in the bay. Outside fishermen claim that this was the best season
for lobster fishing they ever had. ‘This is very encouraging news
coming from that source.

Nothing else among the marine animals is so eagerly sought
after as the ‘blue crab. Thousands of people go daily to the docks
along the South Bay with a piece of meat tied on a string in one
hand and a scoop net in the other fishing for crabs. Men who
follow this fishery for a livelihood use trawl lines and dredges.
Sometimes the crabs are caught in large numbers and the market
price drops very low, but generally the price is fair. There has
been quite a demand upon the Commission recently to stock cer-
tain waters on the north side. Through requests from applicants,
Flushing Bay has been stocked with fry, eggs and adults. Persons
having boats to hire this summer could not supply the demand.
People came out from the city by trolley and train to go crabbing
on the bay. Huntington Harbor and Cold Spring Harbor were
also plentitfully stocked last summer.

The water supply was about the same as usual. No change is
noticeable in the flow from the wells or springs. A small build-
ing containing a large ice chest has been erected to keep fish food.
The ice house has been taken down and will be rebuilt, with the
same lumber in time for the ice crop this winter. The grounds
have been in fine condition, and have attracted numerous visitors.
— eported by Charles H. Walters, Foreman, Cold Spring
Harbor, N. Y.

DELAWARE STATION

The output for the year was not quite as large as in 1912, which
is due to the loss in one lot of brook trout eggs after they were
received at the hatchery in the eved stage. I think they were
injured in transportation, as some of the trays when unpacked
were found to be bunched together badly. Owing to this there
were more cripples and weak trout after hatching than usual. —

334 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Brook trout, brown trout and rainbow trout were hatched the
same as heretofore. The eggs commenced hatching about three
weeks earlier than in 1912 owing, perhaps, to the mild, open
winter, so we commenced shipping our first fry about three weeks
earlier than ever before.

The loss through diseases was very small. Owing to the dry
weather our water supply was very low during part of July and
through August; but as the bulk of our shipping was finished by
July 10 the low water did not make much difference with us.

The drivebridge has been practically rebuilt. A new rack has
been put in at the dam to protect the pipe leading to the hatchery.
We expect, also, to rebuild four of the outdoor races this fall.

The usual display of flowers around the hatchery and dwelling
house was made and proved very attractive— Reported by H. EH.
Annin, Foreman, Margaretville, N.Y.

Foremen Annin and Rhines were sent to Hitt’s Lake on October
25, 1912, to collect eggs of brook trout if possible. ‘Three nets
were set in different parts of the lake, but they caught only four
trout, one of which was a large immature female. ‘The inlet
stream was also examined for its entire length and not a single
trout was found. There were no signs around the shores of the
lake to show that fish had been preparing to spawn. It being
apparent that eggs could not be obtained in this lake, the work
was discontinued on October 27. The collection of brook trout
eges from stock fish at the Station was ended before the close of
October.

Furtton Cuain StTarTIon

The work at this Station has been very successful this season.
Although we did not get many eggs from wild brook trout, we
obtained an increased number of eggs of lake trout and whitefish.
These fish all spawned at the same time and in the same place.
The lake trout begin a few days before the whitefish and continue
spawning through the whole time of the whitefish run which is
from about October 20 to November 20.

Eggs were taken from 808 female whitefish and milt from 918
males, resulting in a total of 322-14 quarts of eggs, of which
60 quarts were sent to the Adirondack Hatchery (a quart of
whitefish eggs contains 42,000).

CONSERVATION COMMISSION 335

Eyed eggs of brook trout received from one of the commercial
hatcheries developed remarkably well, as less than 11,000 eggs
were picked off during the hatching period of three months. The
fry were large and healthy and grew very rapidly into nice finger-
lings which were planted in June. I think this result was due
mainly to the early arrival of the eggs before the water became
too cold.

We had some trouble in December, 1912, on account of the
water being drawn down in the dam. This could be overcome
by lowering our hatching jars or laying additional pipe from the
bulkhead to the hatchery a distance of about 100 feet.— Reported
by William H. Burke, Foreman, Old Forge, N Ove.

LINLITHGO STATION

I am greatly pleased to state that this has been the most success-
ful year in the history of this station. Our output has been
steadily increasing from year to year. ‘The increase over the
distribution of last year was 23,336,975, due to lake herring eggs
brought from Lake Ontario and pikeperch eggs from Oneida Lake.
This is a departure from the old way of fish distribution. By
bringing the eggs to this station and hatching them the distribu-
tion for the eastern part of the State is easier and cheaper than
to transport the fry from a distant hatchery.

Our brook trout eggs were bought and shipped here as eyed
egos. They gave the best of satisfaction as far as hatching is
concerned. ‘his station can never compete with other stations
in trout work until suitable spring water is secured to raise them
to fingerling size. Such water is found about a mile from the
station, and I have no doubt that for a nominal sum suitable
ponds could be built there to rear them to fingerling size.

Our brood calico bass were put in Hapeman’s Lake last fall,
and we now have only 50 two year old calico bass for rearing
purposes. We have 120 small mouthed black bass left from the
original number that were brought here from Oneida Lake in
1907. It will be necessary to infuse new blood into these or get
an entirely new stock, as they have grown so large and old that
some of them are barren and unfit for breeding purposes. On
account of its location, this station can supply only a limited num-

336 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

ber of bass. The brood fish must be kept the whole year in the
ponds, and it is hard to get food for them.

The short-nosed sturgeon failed to give us any results this year.
I think it would be better to discontinue this experiment and use
the pond for other fish.

The Pennsylvania Fish Commission gave us 30 quarts of shad
eggs, which were hatched at this station. Of the eggs collected
by our men at Rhinecliff more than 70 per cent hatched.

The distribution has been quite satisfactory this year, although
some of the applicants returned the cans by express thus adding
to the cost.

We have many enemies to contend with in raising fish beyond
the fry stage. els, snakes, turtles, birds and the giant waterbug
are active in reducing our total. Some of these we can get rid
of, but eels and bugs are hard to keep out.— Reported by Wallace
D. Rhines, Foreman, Innlithgo, N. Y.

ONEIDA STATION

The year has been a very successful one, an increase of nearly
27,000,000 of fish having been distributed from this station over
the output of last year. (This does not include eggs sent to other
stations for development and distribution. )

There were 50,000,000 yellow perch fry planted in Oneida Lake
and 397,750 fingerlings were sent to fill 106 applications.

From November 11 to November 28, 1912, 42014 quarts of
tullibee eggs were taken in Oneida Lake. These eggs commenced
to hatch March 29, 1913. The number of fry hatched was 59,250,-
000 of which 56,025,000 were planted in Oneida Lake and the
balance were sent to applicants.

We had very good weather for our fishing and the eggs were
in fine condition. During the winter and previous to hatching,
the eggs showed very little fungus.

On December 1, 1912, we received 190 quarts of greenback
herring eggs from Lake Ontario. These produced 19,250,000 fry
of which 250,000 were planted in Oneida Lake and the balance
in Lake Ontario, at Oswego. About twelve jars of these eggs were
clean and bright during the whole hatching period while others
were brown from the dirt in the water. All the eggs were de-
veloped and hatched about the same time.

aie
Rete
ea:

ad,

"KN ‘erurysuoy ‘yosod oytd surddiiys

‘uus[y “Vy ‘[ Aq oj04d

CONSERVATION CoMMISSION. 237

Pikeperch eggs were taken from April 4 to April 19, 1912.
Using 2,572 females and 9,173 males we procured 1,1241% quarts
of eggs. Of these we shipped 460 quarts to Caledonia, Cold
Spring Harbor, Linhthgo, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. This
left a total of 66414 quarts in the hatchery from which were
hatched 94,691,250 fry. Eighty-eight applications were filled
with 9,425,000 fry, and the remaining 85,266,250 were planted
in Oneida Lake.

The season was not so favorable as that of last year. The lake
was open several times during the winter and the high winds
prevailing scattered the fish from the spawning grounds. The ice
went out of the lake earlier than usual so that the temperature
of the water in the lake and in Scriba Creek was nearly the same.

From April 26 to June 1 we caught 1,025 brood black bass.
These bass were placed in the six ponds at the hatchery. From
May 23 to 25 it was very cold after having been very warm previous
to that time, and the bass in one pond left their nests and the eggs
were spoiled. About one-half of the nests in another pond were
spoiled for the same reason. Fortunately these were the only
ponds containing eggs at the time, they being the first ponds filled.
Afterwards these nests were rebuilt and covered with eggs al-
though no new fish except a few males were put into the ponds.
About the latter part of June we were obliged to plant the re-
maining fry and fingerlings in the lake owing to the scarcity of
water from the supply pond. The number of black bass fry
produced was 423,500, and the fingerlings 66,300. This repre-
sents an increase in the number of fry over last year and a de-
crease in the number of fingerlings. The gill disease among the
fingerlings was scarcely noticeable and only eight of the brood
bass died.

Not as many silver bass were caught in the nets while fishing
for black bass as there were last year. Jive silver bass were
placed in a separate pond at the hatchery for experimental pur-
poses ; but owing to low water we had to replace them in the creek.
I have found quite a number of silver bass fingerlings hatched
in the lake last spring, and they were about twice as large as black
bass fingerlings of the same age. Hundreds of fingerling yellow
perch were found this fall lying dead on the bottom of Scriba

338 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Creek. J examined a great many, and in every one the left eye
was gone. ‘This I have learned is caused by a parasitic worm
which destroys the crystalline lens and in a short time causes the
whole eye to drop out.

A large number of dead fish especially tullibee which had been
killed by lamprey eels were seen floating in the lake. One black
bass was also found dead.

There were sent from Oneida Lake to the State Fair at Syra-
cuse, September 8 to 14, 1913, 140 adult fish representing twenty-
four species. The fish remaining alive after the close of the Fair
were taken by the Anglers Association of Onondaga County for
planting in Onondaga Lake and Jamesville Reservoir.— Reported
by Dan EL. Miller, Foreman, Constantia, N.Y.

OnEIDA HATCHERY

On April 18 and 19, 1913, the Fish Culturist inspected the
Oneida Hatchery to learn the exact conditions at the end of the
pikeperch season. ‘There were at that time in the hatchery 660
quarts of pikeperch eggs, all in the very finest shape. No better
eggs have ever been seen at the station. Foreman Miller shipped
140 quarts to the Pennsylvania Hatchery at Union City, Pa.,
in exhange for whitefish eggs and other eggs furnished to us by
Commissioner Buller. To the Massachusetts State Hatchery at
Palmer, he sent 1714 quarts of pikeperch eggs as a return for
eyed eggs of brook trout given to our Adirondack Hatchery by
the Massachusetts Commission last fall. He also shipped 187144
quarts to Caledonia, 9714 quarts to Linlithgo and 1714 quarts to
Cold Spring Harbor, in order to divide up the distribution more
economically and reach the applicants in various parts of the
State more promptly than by shipping all the fry from Con-
stantia.

The number of eggs taken in 1913 was not quite equal to that
reported in 1912 but it is probable that the eggs of 1912 were
not measured as dry (free of water) as those taken in 1913.
Furthermore, the egg taking season dragged along from April 4
to April 19 with extremely variable weather alternating with
storms and warm days so that the conditions were not normal.

CONSERVATION COMMISSION 339

The fish show a tendency to keep out of the creeks in weather of
the character prevalent in the spring of 1913.

Very few if any pikeperch were stolen from our nets or along
the shores of Seriba Creek, which is due very largely to the efficient
and continuous watchfulness of the game protectors who were de-
tailed to help protect the fish during the spawning season.

The yellow perch, for some uncountable reason, did not spawn
on their usual grounds in 1913.

NOTES ON SPECIES
SuHort-NosEpD STURGEON

On June 13, 1913, a collection of snails, which form a large
part of the food of the short-nosed sturgeon in one of the ponds
at the Linlithgo Hatchery, was sent to the Assistant Secretary of
the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, through whose kind-
ness they were identified as representing the following species:

Vwipara contectordes, Binney; Lymnaea catastopium, Say;
Physa ancillarva, Say; Planorbis trivolvis, Say.

Sap

The first eggs, five quarts, were taken in the Hudson river
May 7, 1913, for the Linlithgo Hatchery.

At the Linlithgo Station, in 1913, the rearing of shad from fry
was unusually successful. On September 16, the foreman reported
that the fish are the finest he has ever seen. There are about a
half million in the pond. It has cost about thirteen dollars to
feed them thus far, and the total cost for the entire season will
scarcely exceed twenty dollars. The water is too low now to float
them out into the creek, and they will be kept until the fall rains
increase the supply. A few of the shad have been killed by the
big waterbugs, Belostoma; but the losses from all causes were very
trifling.

| Lake Trout

At Silver Lake, in Franklin County, one of the employees of the
Adirondack Hatchery collected between five and six quarts of
eggs of this trout up to October 20, 1912; but he had great diffi-
culty in obtaining male fish to fertilize the eggs.

340 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

The collection of eggs in Keuka Lake was finished on Decem-
ber 9, 1912. The whole number of lake trout caught was 278,
and the number of eggs obtained was 102,400.

For separating dead eggs of lake trout from the live eggs
Superintendent Thayer, of the Bureau of Fisheries Station at
Northville, Mich., uses salt solution prepared by thoroughly dis-
solving one pail of Diamond Crystal table salt in eight pails of
clean, clear water and then bringing the density of the mixture
to 34 degrees. This offers a very expeditious and economic method
of removing the spoiled eggs. ‘The same solution might be used
for trout eggs of other species; but the density of the solution
would have to be varied to suit the particular kind of egg under
treatment. Mr. Thayer beleves that brook trout eggs would re-
quire a density of about 32 degrees.

In operating with this solution, Mr. Thayer uses three six quart
eans one of which is filled about two-thirds full of the solution;
into this is put one tray of lake trout eggs; an empty tray is
placed across the top of each of the two remaining empty pans,
and as soon as the dead eggs have floated they are poured onto one
of these trays which allows the solution to pass through into the
pan below; as soon as the dead eggs are removed the live eggs are
poured onto the remaining empty trays and the balance of the solu-
tion will pass into the third pan; the live eggs are then immedi-
ately placed in fresh running water; the two partially filled pans
of solution are combined into one pan and the process repeated
for each tray.

THe WHITEFISHES AND THEIR KINDRED

The whitefishes, lake herrings, or ciscoes and the tullibees are
now all included in a sub family of the salmonidae or salmon
family. In North America, according to the latest literature,
there are now 32 species of the sub family, and of these 12 at
least occur in New York waters.

The whitefishes are best known popularly by the two large
species occurring in Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. One of these
is common in all the Great Lakes except Erie, and it abounds in
many Adirondack lakes. The distribution of both of these large
fishes has been much extended by artificial culture.

CONSERVATION ComMMISSION 341

In the Adirondack lakes the prevailing whitefish was formerly
described as the Labrador Whitefish, and this form reappears in
Otsego Lake where it is represnted by a small race locally known as
Otsego bass. Attention will be called farther on to all the different
species, not only of whitefishes, but also of lake herring and tullibee
thus far observed in our waters.

The choicest of the species for food are included among those
recorded in our State. A list of all the known forms follows
herewith.

THE NEW YORK WHITEFISHES AND RELATED SPECIES
Sacinaw Bay Herrine, Leucichthys harengus

It is taken in great abundance in Saginaw Bay, where it is
largely salted for commercial purposes. It is the most important
fish in the fisheries of Saginaw Bay.

This herring has been discovered recently in Hedges Pond,
Washington county, N. Y., where it is very abundant. It is said
that the pond and adjacent lakes were stocked from Lake Saint
Catherine, in Vermont.

Seneca Laxe Herrive, Leucichthys osmeriformis

This is sometimes called Seneca Lake Smelt. It is known from
Seneca Lake, Keuka Lake and Skaneateles lake. The so-called
“ Frostfish ’of Lake George, the best known bait for Lake Trout,
is probably the same fish.

Specimens of a cisco very much resembling the Cisco of Lake
Tippecanoe have been taken in Otisco lake and probably Canan-
daigua lake. No complete studies of this fish have been made,
and it is not clearly identified.

Ontario Herre, Leucichthys ontariensis

This has been described from Lake Ontario and Ciyuga lake.
It is the “Greenback Herring” of Sodus Bay which has fur-
5 3
nished a large number of eggs for some of our State hatcheries
during the past fall. This is an excellent food fish and reaches
a length of 13 inches or more,

342 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Common Laxse Herrine, Leucichthys arteds

The common lake herring of Lake Erie. It ranges also to Lake
St. Clair and Lake Huron, and has been planted in Lake Ontario
from Lake Erie.

JumBo Herrine, Leucichthys eriensis.

Found in Lake Erie and northward. As a food fish it is far
superior to the other lake herrings, and is as good as the best White-
fish.

Ontario Lonesaw, Leucichthys prognathus

Deep waters of Lake Ontario, in depths of 60 fathoms and
more. Sometimes called bloater. '

TuLuiBexL, Leucichthys tullrbee.

This is known to the fishermen as ‘‘ Oneida Jake whitefish.” It
was formerly abundant in Onondaga Lake, where it is now ab-
sent or rare; but abundant in Oneida Lake. Highly prized as
a food fish. The Oneida Hatchery force collected upwards of
60,000,000 of Tullibee eggs last fall. As a fresh fish or salted
or smoked, it is one of the best food fishes in the lake.

Lasrapor Wuiterisy, Coregonus clupeaformis

Known also as Lake Superior whitefish; Manitoba whitefish ;
Musquaw River whitefish; whiting of Lake Winnepesaukee and
shad of Lake Champlain. The Otsego whitefish, locally known
as Otsego bass in Otsego Lake, is believed to be identical with this
species. This is the common whitefish of all the Great Lakes,
Lake Erie excepted. It is also found in many of the smaller lakes
of New York. This is one of the most valuable of all of our food
fishes.

The Commission has obtained more than 13,000,000 eggs of this
fish from its Adirondack Hatcheries.

Laxe Erte Wurterisu, Coregonus albus
Found in Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair; introduced into other
lakes. This species is not so good as the Labrador whitefish; but
it is a very important food fish. It is not known to take the hook

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CONSERVATION CoMMISSION 343

while the Lake Superior whitefish, or Labrador whitefish, takes
the hook readily, large numbers being taken every day in season
in the locks at Sault Ste Marie by local anglers. The Commission
collected over 7,000,000 eggs of this whitefish last Fall in Lake
Hrie.
Frostrisy, Coregonus quadrilateralis

This is known also as the Menominee whitefish, pilot fish,
round whitefish and shadwaiter. It extends throughout the New
England lakes, Upper Great lakes and northwest to Alaska. This
is not highly valued as food; but it is important for the food
of Lake Trout and other good fish. The Adirondack Hatchery
obtained 446,000 eggs of this species last Fall.

CuatTeaucay Lake Wuite5FisH, Coregonus sp.

This appears to be identical with Stanley’s whitefish, of Maine.
Tt is a little fish, extremely abundant in Chateaugay Lake, where
it is sexually mature at a length of 9 or 10 inches. The Adiron-
dack Hatchery collected more than 4,000,000 eggs of this fish for
a first experiment, and they are in process of hatching, although
they do not seem to be as hardy as eggs of the frostfish and Labra-
dor whitefish. This small species is valuable for the food of
lake trout and other food fish.

It seems to be not generally known that both the whitefishes
and the ciscoes, or herrings, take the baited hook freely, and
some of the Herrings are easily caught with artificial or natural
flies.

Jordan and Evermann, writing of the Labrador whitefish which
is the commonest kind in our New York Lakes except Erie, say
that it takes the hook readily, large numbers being caught every
day in season in the locks at Saulte Ste Marie by local anglers.
Charles G. Atkins, when fish commissioner of Maine, published
the following account concerning the Labrador whitefish: “In
Moosehead Lake they sometimes take the fly. In June last, we
saw one taken with a fly near Mount Kineo by Artemus Libby,
HKsq., of Augusta. It weighed one and one half pounds. They
ean be taken with a hook at any season of the year in deep
water. Almost any bait will answer, but the best is a piece of
small fish. The most of them are taken in winter. The greatest

9

344 Turrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

success is obtained by sinking through a hole in the ice, at the
end of a line a cusk thoroughly gashed with a knife (cusk is a
fish of the cod family). This remains there one day and tolls a
ereat many whitefish around. They are then taken by smallest
baits on small hooks.

Fish Commissioner H. O. Stanley, of Maine, published the
following notes on this whitefish: “‘ Some 20 years ago the U. S.
Fish Commission sent me some whitefish eggs, I think from one
of the lakes in Michigan. I hatched them at Rangely and planted
them in the upper Rangeley lakes. This winter they’ have been
caught with hook and line in considerable numbers in Umbagog
Lake, which is the fourth lake below. These whitefish were caught
with a small live minnow by fishing through the ice.”

The so-called Otsego bass of Otsego Lake is a small race of this
Labrador whitefish according to the latest information. It is
well known to expert anglers on the lake at Cooperstown that the
fish can be taken in large numbers by hook and line. The ap-
paratus for this kind of fishing is a line with a sinker at the bot-
tom and with a piece of spring wire attached horizontally about
4 inches above the sinker. At each end of this wire is fastened,
at a slight angle, a No. 16 Sproat hook, and this is fastened to
the line by an ordinary gut snell. Protector Miles Hazelton
mentions a variation in the rig consisting of a rubber band con-
necting the two parts of the line about 2 feet above the hooks;
this keeps the hooks in motion without the necessity of jigging
which was necessary in the original form of whitefish rig. Each
hook is baited with a minnow an inch long or with a small piece
of fish.

Concerning the Rocky Mountain whitefish, Jordan and Ever-
mann state that during the spring and early summer it takes the fly
freely as well as the baited hook. The smallness of the mouth
requires the use of very small hooks. When bait is used, very
small grasshoppers, salmon eggs and small bits of fresh meat of
almost any kind have proved effective. Good fishing localities
are the headwaters of Salmon River and Big Payette Lake, in
Idaho, streams near Dillon, Montana, Lakes Pend d’Oreille and
Coeur d’Alene and Provost River, Utah. As a pan fish it holds
very high rank.

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 345

Concerning the Chateaugay lake whitefish, Foreman Otis states
that there are millions of the fish in that lake and the people
who reside on the shores of the lake say they have always been
there. They seldom take the hook, but occasionally one is taken
in this manner. 3

The lake herrings, or ciscoes, are better known, perhaps, to
anglers than the related whitefishes. Mr. M. C. Worts, Superin-
tendent of Inland Fisheries, has given me the following note:

“IT well remember the sport that I used to have in catching
ciscoes off the West Breakwater of Oswego. My schoolmate,
Billy Williams, and I used to make our own flies out of ght
hen feathers, and by casting in a breakwater have caught many
ciscoes. Later on in the season, we have used other bait, but
could not catch them as plentifully as when we used the fly.
It was surprising to a great number of people that the cisco would
rise to a fly; but I have a number of Oswego friends who can
verity this statement and who likewise followed the same method
and had rare sport in taking these fish.”

The cisco of Lake Tippecanoe, which is probably found in a
number of our lakes in western New York, also occurs in Geneva
Lake, Wisconsin, where it is regarded by local anglers and others
who have had experience with it as one of the most attractive and
interesting fishes to be taken with rod and lne. The fact that
it can be taken for only a few days each year adds zest to sport
already fascinating. During the last days of May or the early
days of June, when the May fly is on the wing, the cisco is seen.
Then the anglers go in boats out on the lake where the water is
50 to 100 feet deep and where experience has shown the cisco
may be found. Until casting begins not a fish can be seen, nor
the slightest ripple on the water; but no sooner have a few im-
paled ephemeras (May flies) dropped upon the surface than the
ciscoes begin to appear. They can be seen coming up from the
depths, their pearly sides burnished by the gleam and glint of the
afternoon sun. Jn a moment the water all about the many boats
is a-ripple with eager fish, every hook has been taken, and the
happy anglers are busy removing the catch and dropping it into
their boats. The May-fly is the lure in almost exclusive use,
though Mr. Harris succeeded in taking a few fish with an artificial

346 Tuirp AnNUAL REPORT OF THE

fly. The great tenderness of the mouth of the cisco does not
permit the angler to play his fish except at the almost certain risk
of losing it—Adapted from Jordan and Evermann’s American
Food and Game Fishes.

The lake herrings, and especially the fall spawning kinds, are
highly esteemed food fishes. Smoked ciscoes, at the present time,
are selling for twenty cents per pound and upward. No apology
should be necessary for attempting to multiply a fish of such
value. The Oneida Lake tullibee, called whitefish locally, is an
excellent fish for the table either fresh or salted, and it is a fine
fish for smoking. ‘These ciscoes can be captured by anglers who
will take the trouble to learn the successful method with hook
and line in any reasonable number, and the so-called Otsego bass,
a small whitefish of Otsego Lake, furnishes remunerative employ-
ment for a goodly number of skilled fishermen.

WHITEFISH

On April 6, 1918, Mr. Edward V. Z. Lane, of 24 West 49th
street, New York city, wrote as follows:

For several years I have frequently caught in deep water (40
to 50 feet) in Upper Saranac Lake, whitefish weighing from two
to four pounds, and delicious in flavor. I have been informed
that the lake was stocked with them some years ago, but that
none have been put in since that one time. From the description
given in a newspaper article in the Adirondack Enterprise of
March 6, I judge they are the Otsego Lake variety.

On April 9, 1913, Mr. Lane again wrote: “ Sonie years ago
the lake (Upper Saranac) was stocked with whitefish as a result
of which I have frequently caught fish of that variety in mid-
summer when lake trout were difficult to catch and when they
proved valuable as food.”

Again on April 10, Mr. Lane described the method of capture
more in detail: ‘‘As to the capture of whitefish in Upper Saranac
Lake, my first experience was in the year 1897 while buoy fishing
in midsummer for lake trout in about forty feet of water. We
had drop lines with large hooks baited with pieces of perch. At
times there would be very slight touches which suggested the

CoNSERVATION COMMISSION 347

presence of fish with mouths too small to take in the bait. I
tried a thin line with a small hook with a small piece of the same
bait which was soon taken and a whitefish brought up to the net.
Since then I have found worms to be a better bait. Care must
be taken to avoid tearing the hook from the mouth. Twitch
gently, draw up slowly but steadily and always take in with net.”

ANGLING FOR WHITEFISH

A man formerly connected with a museum in Washington,
D. C., and who was in a feeble condition, went into the Adiron-
dacks for his health. He found a point on Saranac Lake, with
deep water on each side of it, bought the piece of property for
$38,000, and built himself a summer home there. being an
ardent fisherman, and having learned that whitefish are in the
lake, he sought a way to catch them without netting. His method
was this: A few days previous to angling from his boat, he made
a mixture of paste — flour and water and possibly some other
ingredient — to hold the dough from dissolving too fast. He
baited the ground which he desired to fish one or two days after-
wards. When the time came for him to fish for the whitefish he
used a very small hook (possibly a No. 8 Sproat or No. 8 All-
cock) on a line with sinker heavy enough to take the hook to
within a foot or 18 inches of the bottom, and for bait a pellet of
dough (possibly mixed in with a piece of fine sponge to hold to
the hook). He jigs the bait not too fast then the fun com-
mences. He has taken a great many in a day. The most im-
portant part is to haul steadily and use a landing net to take in
the fish. An average of only one out of three is caught because
the mouth is so tender that the fish cannot be hauled out like bass,
pike, bullheads or carp. The weight of the fish is too great when
it struggles to get away for the jaws to hold him. This angler
generally fishes in from 60 to 75 feet of water for the whitefish.

In a Report of the U. S. Fish Commission it is stated that a
Mr. Trompe has taken whitefish at Saulte Ste. Marie with May-
flies. Mr. Dan E. Miller notes that whitefish have been caught
off the breakwater at Chicago, Ill., and also at Whitefish Point,
forty-five miles from Saulte Ste. Marie, Mich., with worms for
bait.

348 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

ANGLING FOR TULLIBEE

Mr. Dan E. Miller writes as follows concerning the capture
of tullibees with hook and line in Oneida Lake:

‘“T think it was early in September, 1913, that Fred Houser,
of Cleveland, N. Y., was fishing for perch one afternoon off Wick-
ham’s Point. He had a great desire to know what it was that
was nibbling at his hooks, and having a small trout hook, he took
off the larger hook and put the small one on baited with a small
piece of worm. The hook had hardly sunk three feet under water
when he saw the tulibees darting around the bait. He caught
seven, and said it he had known what they were, he could have
caught 100. The fish taken were from six to nine inches long.
Mr. William Gallagher and Mr. O’Connor, of Cleveland, saw
the fish when Mr. Houser came ashore, and Mr. Gallagher told
Foreman Miller that thev were the same fish we were stripping
here in November, 1912.

CHATEAUGAY LAKE WHITEFISH

Mr. Milo F. Otis furnishes the following notes under date of
January 15, 1913:

‘“ These whitefish are found in great quantities; there are mil-
hons of them there, but we have never found any of them in any
other waters in which we have fished. The people who reside on
the shores of the lake say these fish have always been there; they
very seldom take the hook, but occasionally one is taken in this
manner. The female will produce on the average about one ounce
or 3,600 eggs. They spawn in about 20 feet of water, which is
much deeper than most any other fish spawn in.

We have never noticed any little pearly tubercles on the scales,
but oceasionally find a fish which has a small sore spot on its side
resembling the spots found on the whitefish in this locality.

The eggs from these little fish do not do very well. I run them
in the glass jars and give them the same care as the regular
whitefish, but a large number are dying. Up to the present time,
I have not ‘been able to see any eyes or other signs of life in these
egos. While taking the eggs last fall, we had some difficulty in
fertilizing them; although we had any number of males there was
a scarcity of milt, as each male yielded so small a quantity. I

CONSERVATION COMMISSION 349

think possibly this may have been caused by catching the fish in
gillnets. I think it would be better to use pound nets if we fish for
this species another year.”

TULLIBEE

A tullibee was caught in a bay in Oneida Lake on the village
front in May, 1915. This is the first recent instance of the capture
of a tullibee in the lake in that season of the year.

Probably for the first time, at least in many years, specimens
of the tullibee were caught by angling in Oneida Lake in the sum-
mer of 1913. .The fish so taken were seen by W. M. Gallagher,
Esq., of Cleveland, N. Y., and other persons.

SMELT

On September 5, 1913, one of the employees of the Adirondack
hatchery brought in two adult smelt, the longest about 8 inches,
from Little Clear lake. In 1906, Mr. Winchester planted about
60 adult smelt in Little Green pond, which has an outlet into
Little Clear Lake. It is not considered probable, however, that
these individuals furnished the stock observed in Little Clear, as
they were in bad condition when planted. Mr. Winchester,
formerly in charge of the Adirondack station, states that he had
caught small smelt at the head of Little Clear lake some years
ago ina hoop net set for brook trout. Foreman Walters, of the
Cold Spring Harbor hatchery, delivered a lot of fry of the smelt
for planting in Upper Saranac lake in 1896, and these, it is be-
lieved, formed the initial supply of that lake and communicating
waters. It would have been easy at that time for the smelt to
ascend through connecting waters into Little Clear lake.

During the month of March, 1913, Foreman Walters, of the
Cold Spring Harbor station, collected 140,000,000 smelt eggs.
Those old enough to clean up showed a better percentage of good
eges than in any previous year, in fact, they were the best lot of
smelt eges ever collected at the hatchery.

MASsKALONGE
The first eggs taken in Chautauqua Lake were obtained from a
single female which yielded 21,000.
On April 16, 1913, Mr. A. G. Buller, Superintendent of the
Union City, Pa., Station, informed us that a few maskalonge fry

350 Tuirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

escaped into the big pond at the Station, and in December, 1912,
when he measured several of them, they had reached a length of
nine inches, ten and one-half and twelve inches respectively. In
other words, one of them had grown to a length of twelve inches in
seven months.

PIKEPERCH

The first eggs were taken at the Constantia Station on April 4,
1913. There were 59 females and 438 males in the stripping
house, but only two quarts of eggs were collected. Owing to the
low temperature of the water at the hatchery, 38 degrees, not
much progress was made until April 14, on which date 662 quarts
had been taken. After this date the fishing dropped off very
rapidly.

Eggs were sent to Linlithgo Hatchery, Cold Spring Harbor,
L. J., and Caledonia, N. Y., and exchanges were made with the
State Commissions of Pennsylvania and Massachusetts. Eggs
shipped by express to Palmer, Mass., from Constantia arrived in
fine condition, and were hatched with very little loss. The same
is true of the eggs sent to Long Island and to Pennsylvania.

Srripep Bass

Early in April, 1913, Mr. Edward Ackerley, of Tarrytown,
N. Y., wrote to the Commission that small striped bass are plenti-
ful in the Hudson in the vicinity of Tarrytown, and that spawn-
ing grounds of the striped bass exist in that region. The fish
commissioners of New York and their successors have been trying
ever since 1868 to find the spawning ground of the striped bass
in the Hudson River without success and they have been equally
unsuccessful in securing reliable information concerning such
grounds. Seth Green, when a member of the Commission, ob-
tained eggs of this bass in the Susquehanna river, at Havre de
Grace, Maryland. At the present time, owing to the uncertainty
of the egg crop in the Susquehanna and the Potomac Rivers, the
U..S. Bureau of Fisheries collects its supply of striped bass eggs
in North Carolina.

There is no doubt that small striped bass are taken in the
Hudson, but it is very doubtful whether they are bred there.
Information on this subject is very much desired.

eS

Photo by J. A. Glenn.

Pike perch eggs in jars, Oneida Hatchery, Constantia, N. Y.

CONSERVATION COMMISSION 3511.

Sma.Lt-MoutHED Buack Bass

The first great difficulty met with in our efforts to raise bass
fry to fingerlings is the lack of water. In No. 4, or the new pond,
the inlet and outlet are nearly opposite each other at the east end
of the pond so that the west end has no circulation.

The abundant growth of algae which furnish plenty of oxygen
and minute crustacea in the early stages of growth of the young
fry does not continue after they become more advanced. As the
water is taken from the pond above the hatchery it is greatly
diminished in the dry weather generally prevailing in June and
July when we need a generous supply bringing with it food for
the young fish. When conditions obtain such as have occurred
for the last two seasons, the vegetable life in the ponds, and es-
pecially the algae, makes a very rapid growth. The algae cause
a great deal of trouble when taking the advanced fry and finger-
lings out of the ponds, as the young fish become entangled and a
great many of them are gilled. Often, in taking the bass out of
the nets for shipment, we find them rolled in the grass, bruised
and dead.

This past season we experienced great difficulty in getting our
fingerlings in several of the ponds.

As to artificial or ground food for fry and fingerlings, such
as the white meat of pickerel, chub and suckers, we have ground
it fine, strained it through cheese cloth, and when we put it in
the tank or ponds the fry or fingerlings would go to it and turn
away from it; but they would not touch it. We have tried very
patiently to induce the young bass to eat ground food but without
success so far. Even in this month (December) we feed small
chubs or suckers to the eighteen small mouthed fingerlings which
we have at the hatchery. This is perhaps unusual at this time
of the year when the bass are usually dormant. Older bass, like
brood bass which have been in captivity for some time, will,
perhaps, take ground food.

The young bass devour black fly larvae very readily. The fry
or fingerlings will devour, if they can, anything that has life.
We have fed them small worms, and we have had specimens
of fingerlings that have choked on live fish almost as large as
themselves.

ue Tuirp AnnuaL REPORT OF TILE

Two years ago 150,000 fry were taken out of one pond and
placed in a larger and cleaner pond. At the end of a week, I
could find no trace of them. What became of them? This is a
problem I have tried hard to solve. It is true, we have many
snakes around the ponds, also frogs and turtles which destroy bass.
The men employed kill all they can catch from early spring until
late in the fall; but what these enemies destroy is only a drop in
the bucket compared with the number that disappear.— Reported
by Dan E. Miller, Foreman, Constantia, N. Y., December 4, 1913.

Foop or Brack Bass

At the Linlithgo Station of the Conservation Commission, the
larvae of one of the black flies, (Simuliwm sp.), forms a large
part of the early food of the small mouthed bass.

Early in July, 1918, a collection of freshwater crustaceans
(Entomostraca) taken in the ponds of the Oneida Hatchery, was
sent to the U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C., where
through the courtesy of the Assistant Secretary, Dr. Richard
Rathbun, the species were identified by Mr. A. A. Doolittle. Mr.
Doolittle’s report upon these crustaceans which are found to form
the chief portion of the food of small mouthed black bass fry in
the spring and early summer months, is as follows:

“The examination of the contents of the vial has been com-
pleted, and the ‘natural food of young bass’ collected at Con-
stantia, on Oneida Lake, N. Y., June 5, 1913, by D. E. Miller,
as the contents are labeled, consists of:

Approximate Percentage
number of of
specimens specimens

Cyclops ateras iro dyes 6 Ue scree ewer es oie ho acl crave vol’ a cea liakeManent seiemetens 2 0.045
Cy clopstsernlatus:.. 6 ik on here ee RE rere sorte Se eerie 2 0.045
Sidbtenystallimaya. shes dees ee es islig sr cesiahs a! see Be 3 0.068
Simocephalustvetultuse 3 218 Se MeN lets etek is inte, «: here anlar ae 3 0.068
Scapholeberissmucronatas. a0) s cine eee rales bis ckoe ane pees 1565 35.712
Bosmina jobtusirostriss i: 5.5.07 cose eee ise ols ote Eee 2 0.045
Chydorusisphaericuss:.. -):\-snkicici te ee ar een) si orkokl ons Sacer 5 0.114
Polyphemus pediculus\ i102 «Gee ee. Selo Seni Seta 2800 63.900

TMotalstge 2 hte Obs SRG eee ee ee ae, | bbc hee 4,382 99.997

“Polyphemus will usually predominate until late August as a
natural food for young fish living in lakes and feeding along

CoNSERVATION CoMMISSION 353

banks. The rest of the food will usually be divided among thirty
species, more or less, according to the various chances of wander-
ing, weediness of feeding grounds, time of feeding, etc. Scap-
holeberis, as observed by the writer in the case of about fifty
young bass, is about 1 per cent. of their food.

‘* Very respectfully,

““( Signed) AeA DO OIA

FLATFISH

During the month of March, 1913, Foreman Walters, of Cold
Spring Harbor Hatchery, hatched and planted 70,000,000 flatfish.

Fiso ENEMIES

At the Chautauqua Station, in 19138, a shitepoke (a species
of heron) destroyed a number of trout, but was finally captured
and destroyed. The crow blackbird was also frequently seen
taking trout in the cement ponds outside of the hatchery building
and many of these birds were killed to protect the trout.

In May, 1913, the foreman of the Adirondack Hatchery re-
ported that the young Chateaugay Lake whitefish which he was
trying to rear in the hatchery were killed by hydra which are
very numerous in the lake water which comes into the deep pipe.
Through the courtesy of the assistant secretary of the Smith-
sonian Institution, in charge of the U. S. National Museum, this
was identified as Hydra fusca.

Fisa DiskaseEs

An epidemic among trout at the Caledonia hatchery broke out
early in July, 1913. Fingerling brook trout, brown trout and
rainbow trout were affected by a vegetable parasite known as
Bacterwum truttae which originates in putrefying organic wastes.
It was a surprise to see the rainbow trout attacked because this
trout is generally immune to such parasites. The damage caused
was considerable; but was partially controlled by the free use of
salt, and by thinning out the fish. The conditions were aggra-
vated by the intensely warm weather. At this time the trout at
the auxiliary station, at Guthrie’s, were all in prime condition
owing to the lower temperature and purity of the spring water.

12

354 Tuorrp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Rescuer or Game [isu

The tollowing report on the rescue work at the western wide
waters of the Erie Canal, in Rochester, was made by Foreman
Frank Redband, November 22, 1912:

“T have been fishing at the western widewaters in Rochester,
and find it pretty hard work. It is all full of snags so that it is
impossible to haul seines. We tore the net all to pieces every
time we made a haul. We secured only 225 black bass. The men
who were hauling the seines were disgusted and said they would
not fish there any longer. Peter Knobloch, of Lyons, was with
me, and he thought it would not pay to stay any longer. We
fished during two days. We had fishermen from Irondequoit
Bay to haul the seine, and they had a good one. If there had
been any fish there, I think they would have taken them, for they
did their best to try to catch them.”

Foreman Wallace D. Rhines, of the Linlithgo Station, was sent
by the Conservation Commission to Nassau Lake, October 23,
1912, to rescue from a little cove connected at high water with the
lake, but cut off from it when the waters are low, the food and
game fish known to be imprisoned in the cove. If the fish had
not been removed they would all have been killed by freezing.

Mr. Rhines has just reported the transfer of the following fish
to the live waters of the lake:

Bultheads ie Sy Oe Pee eee hee ee 50,000
Papkere oS Pee eee a et ce eee eee ne ree ee 100
Caliiog sais tere eontinan tocar a ic tes oe os arate etc ee 500
To) P 00 611 c aie abel ht LA ian Opener a eh IE NG Nh a 1,000
Large momtheds disses f fth Ta Gee 50
Yellow pergleeed 22gte ees, Se ee ee 259

The cove is very muddy and seining operations worked up the
mud so much that the work had to be suspended temporarily ;
but, if possible, Mr. Rhines will go to the place again before ice
makes and take out the remaining fish which are chiefly bullheads.

The fish filled ten thirty-quart cans almost solidly.

The presence of these fish in Best’s Cove was discovered by
Game Protector James A. Colloton who assisted in their rescue.

Go
Ce

CONSERVATION COMMISSION

ExXaMINATION OF WaTERS
(Cossayuna Lake and Vicinity)

On June 25, I visited Cossayuna Lake, Hedges Pond, School-
house Pond and Lake Lauderdale in company with Protector
Cruikshank.

In Cossayuna Lake there were many dead sunfish on or near
the spawning beds of that fish, evidently the cause of death hav-
ing been the fighting of the males during the breeding season.
One yellow perch and one black bass were also seen, and both of
these died from injuries.

Hedges Pond was next examined. Here we met William H.
Hoyt, Cambridge, R. F. D. 1, who is familar with the pond, and
furnished certain information about the fish inhabiting it.
Hedges Pond contains about 500 acres. The fish in it are bull-
heads, suckers, ciscoes, pikeperch, yellow perch, sunfish, rock
bass, black bass, pickerel, so called, ete. The cisco is a fine
species, and is very abundant. It rises to the surface at certain
seasons and takes the hook. Mrs. Hoyt saw a school of ciscoes in
July or August and caught one of them with a worm.

The outlet of Hedges is Flax Mill Brook which flows north into
the Battenkull.

Schoolhouse Pond is a small body of water south of Hedges
Pond. It is noted for its black bass. The fishing was fine at
the time of our visit.

Still farther south is Lake Lauderdale which contains white-
fish, black bass of the two species, pikeperch, bullheads, sunfish,
yellow perch and a few large pike. Minnows are sometimes
present. Mr. B. M. Wilson, Cambridge, R. F. D. No. 1, lives
on the lake and is familiar with its fish. Lauderdale has an
outlet named Blair’s Brook which flows south through Cambridge.

Eee CoLtecting SEason
Adirondack Hatchery:

Brook trout, Oct. 9 to Nov. 26. From Bone Pond (Oct. 16 to
Nov: 15). ‘Bollywoe Pond (Oct. 15 to Oct. 22); little Clear
Lake and outlet (Oct 23 to Nov. 22); Bone Pond furnished
most of the eggs. | :

356 THirp ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

Brown trout, Oct. 15 to Nov. 10. From Little Green Pond.

Lake trout, Oct. 15 to Oct. 29. From Lake Placid. Little
Green Pond (Oct. 15 to Nov. 10); Little Clear Pond (Oct. 22
to Nov. 26); Big Clear Pond (Oct. 16 to Nov. 7).

Whitefish, Nov. 1 to Nov. 138. From Lake Placid (Nov. 7 to
13); Little Clear (Nov. 1 to 11); Big Clear Pond (Nov. 1 to
12) ; Hoel Pond (Nov. 3 to 9).

Frostfish, Nov. 13 to 25. From Hoel Pond (Nov. 18 to 25);
Big Clear Pond (Noy. 13 to 17).

Fulton Chain Hatchery:

Brook trout, Oct. 9 to 23.
Lake trout, Oct. 24 to Nov. 11.
Whitefish, Nov. 5 to 13.
Frostfish, Nov. 10 to 24.

Pleasant Valley Hatchery:

Brook trout Nov. 29, pond fish.
Brown trout, Dee. 17, pond fish.
Lake trout, Dec. 1 to 7, Lake Keuka.

Caledonia Hatchery:

Brown trout usually begin to spawn in October.

CouRTESIES

The Commission is again indebted to the Southside Sports-
mens’ Club of Long Island for a large collection of prime brook
trout eggs furnished to the Cold Spring Harbor Station for dis-
tribution to several hatcheries of the State.

The Pennsylvania Fisheries Commission presented to the Com-
mission 25,000 lake trout fry which were received on April 3,
1913, at the Bath Hatchery. The same Commission furnished
to the Linlithgo Hatchery during the shad season of 1913, 840,000
shad eggs which were developed into fry and formed part of the
distribution of the year.

The list of fish given below represents the exhibit of the Com-
mission at the State Fair at Syracuse in September, 1913. The
game fish that remained alive after the close of the Fair were

Photo by J. A. Glenn.

ke perch eggs, Oneida Hatchery, Constantia, N. Y.

ipping pi

Sh

_

a
Me
at
4

»

-

ra

+

_—

Oo
Ot
I

CONSERVATION COMMISSION.

given to the Onondaga Anglers Association for planting in accord-
ance with the statement herewith following:

Application

ATMO se: 7 black bass adults. ... Jamesville reservoir... Oneida hatchery.

ATES TAS) Cesena 20 miscellaneous adults.. Onondaga lake...... Oneida hatchery.
BRE: sa ks 10 brook adults........ Conklin brook...... Adirondack hatchery.
AOS 0 sa Ubrockwadults; 9... + Pools brook). .../.... Adirondack hatchery.
A HOO i. 6: 100 brook fingerlings..... Pools brook..2:.... Adirondack hatchery.
47 ,800..... 100 brook fingerlings..... Geddes brook....... Caledonia.

AT ROON ss a. 12 Rainbow adults...... Onondaga creek..... Caledonia.

47 ,802..... 22 brown aAGUtSs 67) 5)). Onondaga creek..... Caledonia.

Poa sess oO DTOWM AGMItS.. 2... Limestone creek..... Caledonia.

47 ,804..... 10 rainbow adults...... Limestone creek..... Caledonia.

SOO. ss as 34 rainbow adults...... Butternut creek..... Caledonia.

These waters are all in Onondaga county. The attendants re-
ported that the fish kept very well during the fair, and with
comparatively very small loss although the water this year was
warmer than usual, on which account, towards the end of the
week, the coarse fish developed fungus.

Respectfully submitted,
PAE TON ee ke AIN,
Fish Culturist.
Albany, N. Y., December 10, 1913.

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LTT ide

A. PAGE
Bvalnamd aks Mat CHen yy eer) leillelelspe mors asaya 0% iene aie aejsyeie «cies Seti es 319
EMA ON CAC eae ee MTA eens a Mer oT neraub iar ile Ueteitosu Velveneisl fa Slatin G28, odd ans a doai arg goes 21
AUIS bE LU AMIE OW EL “Avaliable a Gals ae ocd cre wea gatas aise are Web Sera re, doelerae 14
POP LOP TA MOUSH PLOT Me PATUMPCNM Ue ie). sical eiey s/c) a elo 8 as) oo aie) ss aie shee ps ale = 9
ENGI GUE Aa Bast es Ae ace ea RER Rta CIR. CRE at RRND ra Sen 100
Attorney-General, cases for prosecution..............-..-.0.8.% ADs Oo OF
PACU LUNGH IP ONE MRA VALIA DLE iat yacaray dere ware chislajle: Sue iMANe tee iarrscavel Min\cie talaoe eases dais = 14
B.
IESG MMU CLC aes ew eeuceay eat Rec an 8 ta Se hate sea atets cxscu a eaten enw eyrh Tos to Sy asl oar Sonate elias 100
ISS WVOOC MCU tin crea retain vale baits Netioaieb stare: cel orewone vga tiie Beet eeee am area at ab opintetan i 100
AESraria ee NUE CCK Va, exces sey aere tas At rare Gy cyte ea rok sitios Wa eainy/ or apt) Ser See Niel one Mh ulenalees ale 319
EAR rm!) Leslie Ue ice cece dares AN wit ca Lean) aE en GA Le Oe ee a MAU TEL 10
EAC MM Nef Ne tte ay een eite a aake Ua ha leltc Paws er alaca.saatel hava er yseiar ae$LnuA Ua 4s suet lav erie one ebat cme 186
JENECSYOI OL GION Ge SEI RE doce Te as ACU LS nag ST PcG 100
TSMC MMM CU MerR ae ERP ed Se teva ili). (a tered sav Ula taitala iaiie' dare mis sre tay sues euielaveak arestelartr@ hae 100
JEN LEO VOC YEISO Nees Us AU a tk) awl Se ae a ea en a UE Bld ool, oo
Heal eae ome Teas OW CI ee tany ess chicos cetera ovale) at sci adevafah o¥aer hore fie mibscaie to alone auekeevae an UY)
TEX OTUEM GUE EVEISIeiaN SW ay CSR 0 UA AI I da Be dP ee 63
EMer CRE eCke MMO LOMVEMICI Gn sysis eo /cke Gee scien aera ce 5 ces ee Raed ew cece iacee 7
ape cae DNV tata oes ORAS ConA PM Se ohialichas ehars Gav'eauotie scanw” Aa bee ieua? 9) ¥ian ai aulewer erie, eeu eteie bua 28
PIMs hci eee ea area it alicia We tocar edicts toe, aueiwareitete sys, koi pareve ai GPal chi lar ¢ 'o supa aun me 304
C.
CSIIGCIOTTTENO INE REIN ET) PRE Ue, Soar ake ee LA CaO eae ee errs in ame Reel Cran a AL ae a 320
RB AERU TD STU paar ear Uae ae etree ta of Sahat clint “oho yok al asd ferrets a cablas lav dy Caliar alia’ em Mage Ane tu ove a esl s 22, 24
Canadian) mydro-electric. development s 0.5 6).)5 ies twee se ole 13516
Wamaseraga; CLeCle MM PKOVEMIENG: 4656 sat) clc maine eco. cee & eikle ces Bis (305 Oe
RO Sapa Leet MUTA ost MURAL ey ase ak Sess Sicctielva' Lay Gah cetmyoria(av'e ancl SUMO Te! weld el le LOE eae:
ROA Ree pe Ye Kosar eae enehl tia or) ey el 2 9 1 Secad ML cnlatyay siiolak oe aren sGi Parokandta we rabahweecicve Wye 21
Qa ANRG Ua MALO MeTIvg Murs esc acta SS ein lole Hiss. ar 6) aiSllowahase seca eS kiataia shearers 320
CUNSTES S(T TAI. A. icPhant et cS or Bey Bee Ee nO a a i 100
SMESEMUD TCU hte eee its eho Maced sitar or sts, eer sy aie hs had aes Gach ele: oe 100
Dineh, Samer protectors men Olt a4 Sas acai s soe os xo ccs arse nes Oe ere. ot 183
CHG TETU TO A CG Sas dN ae Cea auhel Ch ce RES Ak a nn ER cP cr a 140
Gold Spring Harbor hatchery..-...... AS IE ERR ES Oe 26, 321, 331
Grescenti adam WWatel. MOWER. W603 55 eats Oe sie Sloe W502 deen a tire we laa w a cs 13
Gmba ese Rv ALON) pincers a rN per neces ei saie sb le-8 cin die a eke eee eA 123-126
D.
PB AE WY ROLES Gp thas Cry cele ieege ee Men Ns es ye Glas ig lela suet they «ay yor Guana oi 136
DAVIS ESTP EE VASKOM <OVGE! csr Pa one etre te Uivaves| oy 9 tenses cases: Aisi meeheyge Span 38, 39
Meares Suciie. te Pao ie ROMER ie Cac Ni noi A BLN SW Rl 186, 192
BCS Tee tie ATONE eles weer unebe e ey aiieleialce Terie: wre eis aici eo aera apstaiepeier aie) sie 229-235

362 INDEX

PAGE
Delaware hatchery «0.220. Valais Uae Tae BE eis tn ee cae eee 321, 333
Demuded. dando oo occas Same e 5 '@ oes alee pene ae es ea ot ea 25
Detroit. power |) oo adie Bias kre aie leas eine an aeare eaten aca cana ea 16
Disbursements of departments... hs. 2 She oo hee ee 49, 50, 51
Don'ts \ for: Campers j.c.5 ee ten esis sea fons <i eRe ee oe eee 142
Drainage projects? . bye stress Cpe che Hs Oe othe eo ete atote S ec ee ee 36
1 D 1) C0): aa eee anes? Noeeg A! Ur eins tata NM ana NR Mp a A Seta 9 he ey 9c 186

E.
Hash: Piven ee WA Re ae alot GPE Oe a, ns eae Ee a 241
Foi Cur Fig a i A Ie, le eee ee eee eae 100
Rigsex coumtiy ‘dres: i-.2 [250 .)55: Slats oa ee eel orate Syste eo mie eee a 22
F.

Bish: ‘anid: ame) GI ViSLOn. ui sy ce tavat ee my a ies alae ee eet ee 26, 50
Fish and game division ‘TEcelpts..c61ele<m< oo ei oe ace oes oo ee 228
Bish’ ‘Culturist, Pe pOFG 6 ic.ci5 alsin ik oe he ae eee ee eal ee 313
Bash ‘Giseasese ois Se aid Sisk a ews pla ies Boe ty we emcee 353
Fish distributed ‘by ‘State... doicsc's Ge onesie gee 26, 316, 317, 324
Fish distribution (by ‘Statlons =o. 265 cian clos ie ace renee ere eel au a ae 324
Fish distribution. by Species oi. aac s en" e ew ele ee etnies ay ee 325
Wish ego collections: v.21 6200. 2s a ail ews ee ane weetapa eee mim eee 327
High GNOMES) esse) e's2 edie x mate ate led Boe ne ee ag etna eee 353
Haak Wa Geliertes: (6.2 5.00nie Be acids tape ead ee ee fan ep ea 26, 317, 318
Hire baw; Stabe-wie? oc ias64 ct is.c- dae shone nieve bod cee eieaes eeae ane 114
Hire Lines: in POPESts cfs's os 2 eke + he hi ws DAR eae Le eee 152
Fire protection lesislation.....'54 2.0 /es0e50 ss sens ak ee 2 eee Rice See 163
Fire protective \SySGeU <2. wits pte \ serait) ae Se Ree oa ate ei ee aes ee ee 169
Fire wardens 0225. 00.4 aeale Uae clei gap a eins pis Ree Wee ieee ra 172
Fires in Adirondacks and Catskills, 1891 te 1932... ... 2... ceed, eee 145
Pishwyitiys and dane... co. 2 esd Fes 6 ea bytlvieee sks i nein ass oe 191
VER SER poh. sae iolieciévien ds. chs ees ental Oba sh Role apa antoen ke OUR SR = Son en 353
Mlood; Canaseraga, Valley. ci.5 oie os 4 lich axe o> dee ae De ee ee 37
Horestry, Pureann,- PMGOK: 3.0. acals)s +s) dle eel sete nieve es 57
Horestry,-Buireayt) Semon, 22) eis ieee oo vines alegae leu apenas nites eee 53
Fotest. fire. distriehss 5 hic. ac se wenn sin, x 4ieteodle wel eae Led
Brest, APRS ai ealbic ie aces kata bie el rou tas a iby enna a Ade eee eer Ah, ich D
Borest, fires, causes; prevembiow 3.6 5 /5.4°s;sr2 dieceoe eta» 22, 70-88, 97, 1388, 146, 157
Forest. fires, lilsterigal: coc cs oc v- bias, alas cece chat ARR See ee 133
Forest, fires, JOSS@s sycc eee in ents cliente ee a 91-95
Forest Hireptot UTS 2 oe Se ek eth ik lee oan k Stee eS 88, 89, 90
Forest fires, special report..... a a be 5B, 4) 6 -oakywyayn Se Se ie ee 127-178
Forest’ lands; purchase (22) cies cileccs, -)-is/0)s as & eee a ee 25
Forest lands, taxation is cee bent ee fees cae PA Pee es etre” SN. 25, 116
Forest lands; taxation awe ioc. e ose s os ao ele ee ee 118-123
Forest (Preserve (27 1c oo eee 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 59, 66, 67, 68,° 69
Forest. products) i004 Ue Re hee Sic ne ak 2 an eee 99-102
Forest) ramgers (..go..c 5 2th Saitek ate ash eeegeneys ess do tak sa eae eee 171
Fur-bearing: animale). 2c h2.nb dee eae le ele el eaee te ae ee ane le 192

Fulton, Chain ‘hatehery.2.7)0:0)/. 5k epee 10s ne ae state ana ee 322, 334

InDEX 363

G. PAGE
Camerconditions, im Stave eis SR galls eh also) as ee 28, 186
Gaver tain Sines reer tel pa rac eetnaes eilepa Demme eeu eRe sue ee aa bi Dauralia BEE ONT
Came Tenses nen ccd ke ce he aioe ee ey Arbeit cca, alana tiled a eae 195
Genesee meciVier OWED Saint che Mul trn nua ic Listy Gia eect alece sal Gllala (che 19) 3d
Guidesplircensess TecOmMivendedy ry satis wineas an iore ne Venetian ne 191
H.
Plea SEN Gia Miu caine our ime kiosk OU Ns ae 100
Jeleey oT Kael! CIN ey a oN SUG ey RT Ne pls Trad ae UHI sea ye tag I a EAC gaa yelar an olen Mapu rc uate Hie 100
OMe Ian COMME As ts tyre ca un yest Meme Ais ck 1 Sut UAG Se 0 we 53
EHO TeTeT eee pty ei ved she eevee Ree cnn) watt unis Noir aera Mare ara ta atau cg arenas 315
ATR Qh Tyee GUNG ale ster ey tae ean Ce or ol ston Suse OE OAM TAR ya ty Grane Be 100
TBOUGSZOy Oh ok palais Mesos te RTA EME rl Ube aU ae Rr be EET Aaah airan iA Otn Mcrae cea ig 14, 19, 38, 241
Piimmters, Wicensess LTECELP US) aera sic Vee Wa cles okie necil ec. sereaay aces oe ol
PNUPN INP DE CTC ONES) Maite slew pire’ ately oi even iar teds Ws) ar wy aya ori elacever oho cal aneile mies ae 29, 236
EEE Ine Aid! trappNS ICEMSES 1A ayy dee sway eee +) sis bso cen cya ohare 189, 227
biimlevacanie Parma bandomed si. Voce iV alias ssh ais ch oeisteies sb 9 Sudegrennlenciels 27
EVO. €le CUIIG VE VELOPMRCMG eho cica yey tek aly pe igh Ui cee col aireies civ ciely aay e loney eager 10
Ply cmOC KAM WN VES (el ACTON emcee eo atisliclat he sche cla sieve sieanee a) sp erties; sjuveeuersie 42
I.
nice ma LARASIAy WA eTOBESUS a ety a neti sane lac clause ers wake clas muaie te clare ohm 143
imeneaseliny department reyvenues:.ccc) oes Ge cet yet le was ee ows 9
Manse wa tency ndicval STON see So eariereel ec auelh Wolsien’ die austelecel migue ote bles el 35, 51
ie
AML AN CAPD AVA tere varia rn sists ios iar ae icraieAialra alsa Sitoneles Sahave areietetenaro ge alans sete 24]
K.
Keshequa creek improvement ............. Sty er an ale eat ae 37
L.
DIG meu O MiG a Wat eis eecaeen tenia a keeetarcap At suileeey Ges aS eiaieoni alu Bullen ales oteaievete. a 193, 339
ANGS PAN GIGEORESUS UTVISTON 62 Oe «cin coco eal a slats aes ao Slerenes ole 4.8. ovens cevelenebcts ie Oe,
BACs CUM Meer rt eee cy NO aye ai ae at tb Avareialie fol draats cube er che' es selena ty ya 100
Be eal Let UM terete ee ta eccrine AV allastsltclceu epee! os eel os ocho rele else! el eicuare ete (oto eet 42
oma Ome TORESUS (rar wir. oy sree a ata ou Cccicd oe aos oles oe ei dius shesenola ce oi 5c 143
NEinenibist In ery lineal Greaves eared let ay destesl secu Nes cy lade? okay slaty os dont loan ao cnaleire 322, 335
HELLO Mal SS MO Welsch Wal LDLe ir Mgrs ous) clsne ls) as sm site: elena tay s sce u ober see che 14
PODS TEE INGENSeS eUSs ety rrey codes nate ebmenul hy occ ialrat sc) "sig. ile! s enavslels stone a sass 308
Hock ports MOWersPOSSUUUMELES: clara eles belles dos, clecsie tele a cis a con aml aces 14
Woneraiscance -GrANSMMGSIOM seo aii sews sk Goble os be Selo ete ale Se ares ool e 1?
Wend Saullibyac Mater mre ep neurite lass: o,-<0.) ors) «varesalseemet a eiolacet abate: LOM he
MUM DET RCUE MysStACC nee ray creer ee yes ce 515s wre Sin aoypreterelchere ane aloes 99-102
Mere a SEAT LOLESUSH ey impr HUstcc iat )e slaija 2 io oc jaye ane locate le etnlohele aiayelves 66
uM ET SUP Piva) SOUNCES: meren Geat rpg ince, <0) es la 58 cle lavon satel ep cv (alle aie a 100-102
M.
AVENTIS, CURE Pero Bie BA SG.8 EUS 5S 6S cicits Sie bes RSet aIOIE Ahr Noein SSIO cue at. OLOmRGIn TO 100
IVINS AUSINETIOS «care ng cpap re seca ucts s sielele a) Sieve alecaieda ale ere. gales 33, 41

Namine; Tisheries, PUTEAU TECENPES ci oie <5 ois 5 Gosia ao te: syste Gloves elec loneim ciel 310

364 InDEX

PAGE
Marine: Pisheries, Iswreauy Memon ters enc che opele a tela relec ta ee attend een ee 239
Marine ‘fisheries; licenses ISsued? 0522 Sen ok Se ey cee tee se ese ree 307
Marine’ fisheries; Surveyor sileporti: . 26 «se = mien a) -18 oirieyaten einiakeiate eer atta 243
Masialonge: “s.).)s os eo arene negetintera ce s: orete ate talents oii relslel miele ais he poate’ ele Pieters ees 315
Medina; power poOssipilibles \< foe eco See enn eee ris ie ete e eee 14
Memorandum by Commissioner Fleming on hydro-electric policy.. 44, 45, 46
Moeratory Bam Tain 25 0s © ce erctarcteesaie Gia Me bala iat see eae ie ereteneeean ovate 31, 194, 196
Michie: DaVita k eAd eunaen gC omricts ae mered pera e telig alrondace ole tale ean Deere er RRR As eee)
Montauk Hatelery 5 crcets, ase ayaa ce eoe aca oils nia shale ale SR Seat Dereon ie cries 26
Motntain observation “Sbations «xi 5.0 sis ne siamese 4 estes ao eine si eats eee ee 148
Mountain) OBSET VERS i 05)s). ss 5 4.5 hie Ses Srapece Gales ai ele aie an eae ire ean nee 172
Municipal electric, plants tables cic. «ois statue sain sem cenetaicbene cee nee ene 15
Murtaugh! hydro-electric: pill) i) 2. i. che nlm ot ale ete alpen austen ee 1Z,.. 138
N.
Wet ilicenses fii ss es eee ee ee. ios sb) eile ithe tala als a acate' samt One RE ee ee eae 9
Wetting ‘Mecnses Seo hed site faked Daas depen ee te ee chee 199
New ‘York: Central “Railroad prosectitions: 2200.09.00 o. fac ek eee eee 53
New York ‘eity ‘power fone 2220 sciie sae asad docu eae nee tee aie tee eee ee 17
New York ‘State Fish; Game and Forest League.....2. [205/053 )50ocees 29
New York health: requirementiass:. <0 vs\</Jo a5 era's Seige eink pee 241
Niagara \Palls Charters 2206s 25 oak t.2 5 teow aye e een ata ne ean ee 20
Niapara’ Falls power: .%:6\ 00s cceos Soba d ae 28 San eee tee 10, .16,. k7, 729
Non-resident ‘trapping licenses 3). o00 0.04 Ws ees nl es ee ee ee ee 228
Non-sale*ot aeive: @aiie ss). ees 5 <5 eke ois o woe nial Miley ees 184
0.
ale Oui hs ves ktcuinie Sipscehisttm wile ina his. whfolle ow ie to ls QAR fs ele atm ea ese hc a ea are oe 100
Opdensbure bass: atelery.., <<, ainsi ia wien om eR Pi hielte’s SSS Ee 26
Oneida, ) a beer ysis io. maz reeipinte le ee Saal heim Siae eis nels e ls aha eT ee 323, 336
Ontario. Power Commission o's 4). 16/5505 wc.x hs eis o bits aw aco ee Cee 16
PO ELC ANILIIE, aja! wim Yin mart, is in Ripe, A Poesia gers etas TREN ese oe aa gs ee 22, 60, 61
OR Wea EP HIG PIVOT iain nia elo’ Ax nisiern wizieiave sini ‘abbas tn Ora ba kck oe at ete eee 38
OSWeEEO HOWET MIGHBUDUIDICS so sisi, 5 eos aie wievece he atateree tale we San Ge 14, 32
Qppline Prete: ahh.) bee kee ea ne) bata e ere a eee ieee aha ca PRR agt
Opster CUminire oc dictser eee ata ois gee a We ola o'e Wn acid ORB ML alae Gps ee rene an 33
Oyster: srounds applied Toros so she's i Se ee toa ee ee 245
Oyster ‘proumds.' Tea sed. ooo cco ie son cine a en leo Saran we Area eee ena ee 246
oh
Bere de asia ha as iw im bch heh Set ol dom rates nin lee ase) ohiapoin rea ta Re er eee 354
PeaSAmte oe os aes @ we atone belble Ue mo ie a ube ot tage le ea atlanta en ee 186
PGRGre] ences cae > wi calon teva ema eee cate as cle ky Synalar 354
Pre perch, |. c.s ns »'sla ws =o nee Rope sls ie eee a aie ak ols ee ed ne Sn Oe 315, 350
PPPS UE a oo. fs bis escape sain cca hn ppees cote ae Ree rwib eaten aCe aca ee ue 100
Poles: Guat site. os Ua avons, = ese enema rere anes a ha Sesto Madi en ee ae ee 100
Pollution: of streams i) S 7/2 ise nee wise s+ 6 nie sien See eee eee ee eee 26
Poplar Gut Ss.5 5. ico Soh se ole doe tar es eres oa re kes a's (6a at ang sa ate eer ea 100
Posts: Cut a's a iacge sce areiee lespew pe wall elenelo selene stmire © eiallahel rate elit alteol ae eae ee ram 100

INDEX 365

PAGE
Private monopoly of power.........-..22. 2002s ee ee eee tt eet eee 17
Propagation of fish and game........-. 2... eee eee ee eee ee tenes 51
Protection, additional, to fish and game, by counties.............. S0;er Sil
Erotechionror misliamcl armen rte uae st siclere [icieyeier.i'c 6 as valle ee ase renal eva, ache 27
ErotecLors) adaubiomaln, MCCded ay yay scea tl apeene) cysilctat =) otwieyapcls alee ces < elec 185, 191
IBFOteCLORS ANG MGIC SV SLOW. oui eee ae aicleielaievels slo) ale eee ee anaes olnre rae 190
IBEOLCCLONS 4 AMMA Mme e DUIS ary qterar si shel ciel aen af chis) Vedios cos) -Releyerchal-l slo aienniane raters 188
PROUCCIDEY OS TSM Ole osuseodooucocsdoe pep onaeo oe Hobe eater ameAciann 192
POD WOO CU THUAN? can o.b6 dan eonicoom do Aee 40 GMe muse he auc 99-102
Q.
UTM es ate erst sete they aie se aeeuern tae Siti a tise eR S Susie orbolca) cyleliet evs ssarre ober ates 186
R,
EVAN MO BM eEGUE Sy ae meu une teeneiels cela aks) Astor's fal Wabsh ott: eblerpaiesalrone a lay hare lve interes atMoretsni ty site 100
Eva CP UOG UO UMAR tens cue en ict ye pale Ms) ecu statu ctloeiey ol auetaictay stelieMenmlalioy stain Zarretslialeha eens 19, 38
ECOL Ss OF VGIVISTONY LOCC CEOLS cei leis Heres aici c mete cicladtte ot aie tea erate shel evete 222,
EPELOTES UA CLOTIN DETR eee ek ie ECM wna aur ar eet RL. ARC RD 24, 102, 115
Retonrestation at State: mStitwtions 36s cde cies ee eae es ee eee 107-114
Retorestavionnon States lands ts vscikisn kasitibre 6 ols aie Go elowcle rs ele ties ons 106
VEC IMatrOHin Of oSEMCAIISE ® Lili ob okt moth nary eiene las Btls, Gt GAs ay sti bis Al 19
VCH ESH eS ELS a Man Sammie muni conte e Citi knee lela a Gels vate ere sacs Mew aa aioe ee ais 281
PRES COCR Oleg ck ICRU Ny craartetreo ours coreg ice eet pes is wie onesie Nba utc ie ie AG ne ibvgae Medien 354
TRESS TOL | PLOSCCULLONS Grae, TUAWSis) 0). 91. 1-%n 5 si) sis oleic ce ete a ae ne pa atleite oy 212
VCVEMUES OL (Ep ANEMLEM ts seams wreak oscars ooo eels: wis sieecheutier ct syatereventee Cia ecucueyrd we ee)
SE CANN A TaN ERIN pe OWATRE TS Silay stone eet NE ro sare eaves oe ge dete Martens) gfe) alcoho os in ica ot esata Waelheeler uel ataylaie 14
TROD HESLCHeDONVER id VMN ONC) oi 1s fois eae outed cite, siaile axe) site Wests eia ae tere e nese oane 14
FOUN WOOd OT aAlCONGI Vet Gye cis cc. ae a1 ayer «toss os a aada ee NMeiene «08 SeRCSNIRN aate 100
S.
PS MMI OTIM VCE Mee eewe ty en sretest ey aac cee aor naire, << erallels) x nniie aye ahaeeeD OI era Re amu eh 38
Sanitary wAspection, shellfish) grounds... 26.0.2. 5 aes sete ees a -ehde seo 34
SS eA TU IN GLC steIML iE amare arava it eke e i usttn wre wile. wilcuel bue‘Gal wm 'eacdedeiiabaelu ioe alerere ais soomombat abe 38
Seneca Halls mpOwely aVablabler oy 08 aca letsvana ssc: vie olelatabelchacene oe ie AO oh ane 14
SOD eaaig BA Bei ey cr Gel aes Re oe RIAD UCP MIE a a 316, 339
SUN Trove ESAS CSS BU GA Ocak Gy ch rey ee SUMMED clo Ieee cae PaaS eee eu rere GAG Te rea 100
RSET CG eee we eer me ere EMM ct clic PERM EGMT a hella vedio col ial cle cicar als vel MRCS gigh NUKE 349
SOUEHeEND STEERASHEO WEN COE Ae keys e ile Air clic ge shes ee Payee Giscew a ee Berne ii
SCRUM sa TL GEMSeUMIMES mela oe eee. det ss ais ideo os es wiser lel ate ethene weiss ele 193
Secale ROLECUONS) Meters un alton talents a acseitorche) S206) yleuce Goode giueermheoe, dha #O) wy) 28
PS POUPUKCLEN NON ais Geant te Bt sais epee ers er Cbesi0) ce BU Ren a ars a ra 100
SE any GELCeN Pall Koc rey tua gi eet pee me eS Ler ha aly ood, ane atk SIS Bal Gree a bL ai chen 123
Seas le OTT ais on OWE Incr ret enter Parcs wie s)0)std a ve ios aes uel Mamrte aes 1G ki
SUAbeMAGRESE MNO MLOMTS tate peers ates, als )y oc's os bibeaye eu the ele dlecatelaie wis ous 107
Sbaves table OL municipal CleCbriG PIAMES 0. ok). owl E ste leko ate wie ek swore 15
SS GEIVES eC UG na Uee leu rer neue iran cme) Ga AU's cise! cule che. 5 \0 4) Svmcie gicl chaps ellediedal's ai leueks 100
RSTO G Ua ASS nteree elege so ges en aera NC ia ier aie ale cb se oh areata eG cA collate puters Sale 350
NS STUD REXEOVI 5 Cie atest CAINE: cc. ee a PvE A a Son =A eed 339

STAC USC am ONVE I aerate et Vig PRPC taken s stk a aie chars diethy crale ae Sle ge oS aplaee (alee

366 InDEX

T PAGE
Taxidermists’ licenses.) oy jie. ce gins oe is OS a Oe ee 194
Timber eat. mm State. ees eewiccss ow Riek au os ee eee oe ae eee 23, 66
Timber, utilization of rmpesceas .'). se. Sa IE ee ee 24
Titles, ‘State “lands. oo S cc eciiys «is 4 be acai senna! GSR Ie. Rain ores em eae 63
Trails Im State PTESeLVES. woo eyes ye ie yee wie me eine in Ie, Cte eRe eee 22
Pree! GISGASES sii, Us. ay Ae wise er etisiicv ens, aus 5 nol cee See Oe ee ae 107
Lvee “NUPSCTICS" >... sccsce © pause Rise oe oo we a hee ese EERE eee 102, 103
Trees, ‘sale of, "tor vplamtine: | (isis kek oes eee clee ) cee eee ence 103, 106
Tremd or “the, Times... 5 ee pw la ats te ve sss ia ee a 14
Prespass:.en. (State Mamdige: Mo. sh <rsce tee nce cee re nen te ee 25, D0, B84, po
WEOUG i's wie ciate ote so Ale ake moe aoa Ae Hey eM cg niet eee ot Ta See 315
POMNCOG se), yk soe s & poe choise Susrls ca ahah dye yanaarane Wat nace Miele ov a niet nls ct eT ae aa 315
UGG Gee ee ee escka se wae wae da ieee tad le ip a Ie EY RIN Re WR eae fe cee 348
Troy; power ‘available... vod. s 2s oma eee ie eee Bee Ee ee ee eee 14

a:
Uniformity of fish-and came laws ....5.02% 0-05 «buchen ane 32
Union water ‘district. proyetts 2... 25... ee es cae Sees eee et eee 35
United, States’ co-operation... 2... ... <<<. so» saeteiegie ee 22, 36, 42,96, 115, 1476
Use of Forest Preserves 0.0 cs dae bs ee ds a Se ee eee 66
Utica, \POWer oon. eke ce me bm © oar eee my clole a ele oe ote en 14
Utilization; State timber... ..20.2ccn ees oa a ok oe ee Cle eee 2 eee 64

y.

Violators wot’ Wee sincict. SE CASE wae ts Petcare ee en ee ee 28, 202
Waseher's iP erry; IpOwert ic. ic. kus ced bs eer ake sakes eee heme 12, ve
W.

Water ‘animals propagated... 2.4.4.5 «see eelee orn oie ee ae okey ene 315
Wee Gea i SOMES ik a coe aaa ray ea pera rae eine ae 10
Water sborage as... sis\ogri om ave be See APPR bee Wel Ih ee Bm ever ee 17, 18, ‘69
Water supply ‘applications... ..:...4). 0.45464 sees beeen eS eke G eee 38, 39
Water supply supervision... <2. se7.2ve BUNS Qi te Pea eee hs oe ee 42
Watertord, “power available 2404 43 As eso 02 ss ARea pees bh thee 14
Waterloo, power available. ...26.040i42455 07 0S et se eee ee 14
Whiteheh, Gs ae ah nae aewead sce ids ee eee oA 315, 340
Wildeame feeding yon Jae 2544 Wages ie os sia oe seminal ee 2 oa ee ae 196
Windsor, “power (ieee: 4 ans eaiceais te ae ee Se 16

Woodeodl ) 6.8. Aa 5g Sak a ne eawae ang ae ee ae ee 186

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