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PeNNUAL REPORT
OF
THE CURATOR
OF THE
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
AT HARVARD COLLEGE,
PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE,
FOR
1891-92.
CAMBRIDGE, U.S. A.:
UNIVERSITY PRESS: JOHN WILSON AND SON.
1892.
FACULTY OF THE MUSEUM.
CHARLES W. ELIOT, President.
ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, Curator. GEORGE L. GOODALE.
JOSIAH D. WHITNEY, Secretary. HENRY P. WALCOTT.
OFFICERS.
ALEXANDER AGASSIZ
JOSIAH D. WHITNEY .
HERMANN A. HAGEN .
NATHANIEL S. SHALER.
E. L. MARK orth 3
WILLIAM MORRIS DAVIS.
J. ELIOT WOLFF .
THADDEUS W. HARRIS .
W. M. WOODWORTH
C. B. DAVENPORT
ROBERT T. JACKSON .
WALTER FAXON .
D. D. SLADE.
SAMUEL GARMAN
WILLIAM BREWSTER.
ALPHEUS HYATT
SAMUEL HENSHAW
MISS F. M. SLACK
MAGNUS WESTERGREN .
H. M. KELLY.
W. S. NICKERSON
RICHARD ELWOOD DODGE .
J. BACKUS WOODWORTH .
LEON 8S. GRISWOLD
GEORGE FE. LADD
ROBERT DeCOURCEY WARD
H. LANDES ge
CHARLES L. WHITLE .
Director and Curator.
Sturgis-Hooper Professor of Geology.
Professor of Entomology.
Professor of Géology.
Hersey Professor of Anatomy.
Professor of Physical Geography.
Assistant Professor of Petrography.
Lnstructor in Geology.
Instructor in Microscopical Anatomy.
Instructor in Zoblogy.
Instructor in Paleontology.
Assistant in Zodlogy in charge of Invertebrates.
Assistant in Osteology.
Assistunt in Herpetology and Ichthyology.
Assistant in Ornithology and Mammalogy.
Assistant in Paleontology.
Assistant in Entomology.
Librarian.
. Artist.
Assistant in the Zodlogical Laboratories.
Assistant in the Zovdlogical Laboratories.
Assistant in the Geological Laboratories.
Assistant in the Geological Laboratories.
Assistant in the Geological Laboratories.
Assistant in the Geological Laboratories.
Assistant in the Geographical Laboratory.
Assistant in the Geographical Laboratory.
Assistant in the Petrographical Laboratory.
REPORT.
To THE PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS or HARVARD COLLEGE: —
DuRine the past year the usual courses of instruction have
been given at the Museums in Zodlogy by Professor Mark, Dr.
Slade, and Mr. Davenport, assisted in the Laboratory work by
Messrs. W. M. Woodworth, W. 8. Nickerson, J. C. Hubbard,
and H. M. Kelly.
Professors Whitney, Shaler, Davis, and Wolff gave courses of
instruction in Geology, Paleontology, Physical Geography, and
Petrography. Messrs. Harris, Dodge, Kummel, J. B. Wood-
‘ worth, R. DeC. Ward, Westgate, and R. T. Jackson were the
Assistants in the Undergraduate instruction of the Geological
Department.
For the details of these courses of instruction, as well as of
the summer courses in Geology, I would refer to the accompany-
ing special reports of the Professors and Instructors.
The Reports upon the instruction given in Natural History at
the Museum show how little of the work of our Professors is
devoted to fostering original research or advanced studies. The
fact is, that the Undergraduate classes have become so large, and
their demands upon the time of the Professors so pressing, that
the function of the latter of encouraging, as University Profes-
sors, the attendance of advanced students at Harvard is reduced
to a minimum. In fact, the time which our Professors give to
elementary teaching is entirely out of proportion to that allowed
them for higher instruction. Thus the facilities for original
investigation which might be attained at the Museum, and for
which it was primarily intended, have been thrown away for
4
many years, owing to the inability of the authorities to appoint
men whose duties should lie in this direction.
For more than twenty years it has been my aim gradually to
provide room and materials for such a purpose, and it is not
encouraging to find that the time and means thus spent have
been so unproductive of better results.
It is not the province of the Museum to provide the necessary
instructors, — that belongs to the University ; but it is time that
the authorities of the Museum should protest against the ascen-
dency of the Undergraduate instruction, which threatens to over-
come the higher purposes of the institution, and to render it
comparatively useless for the progress of science and for the more
advanced studies. It is time that the original aim of the Museum
should be reasserted, and its highest usefulness be made avail-
able. The appointment by the University of half a dozen men
to the Natural History Department, to carry on original investi-
gation themselves, and to direct the work of advanced students,
would go far towards placing the Museum on a more active
plane. We need teachers in Entomology, m Vertebrate and
Invertebrate Zodlogy and Paleontology, as well as in Marine
Zoology ; additional assistants to the Professors and Instructors
already teaching are needed to fill the gaps in our advanced in-
struction. One of the first requisites in carrying out such plans
is the removal of the Undergraduate instruction to a new part
of the University Museum, the space for which remains in the
vacant southwest corner of the Oxford Street facade of the
Museum. |
It is a surprise to me to find how little seems to be known in
this country regarding the publications of the Museum, and the
facilities for teaching in our Natural History Laboratories. In
a recent circular of information issued by the Bureau of Educa- —
tion,! the account given of the Museum Laboratories is very un-
satisfactory. This, however, is explained from the unscientific
method of preparation of the circular. Our Annual Reports
have evidently not been consulted, and the mere sending out of |
circulars and blanks to be filled up can never supply the requi-
1 Bureau of Education Circular of Information No. 9, 1891. Biological Teaching
in the Colleges of the United States, by John P. Campbell, A. B., Ph. D. (Johns
Hopkins), Professor of Biology in the University of Georgia. Washington, Govern-
ment Printing Office, 1891.
a
site data for the compilation of an authoritative report such as
this circular purports to be. The author who supposes that such
loose methods of obtaining information can take the place of
careful reference to official reports, or of personal acquaintance
with a subject, shows his ignorance of the most rudimentary °
principles of attacking a scientific problem.
Considerable correspondence has taken place with the officials
of the Educational Exhibits and of the Fishery Exhibits of
the Columbian Exposition in regard to a representation of the
Museum at Chicago. Instructing as it might be to the public
to send photographs and a description of the institution as it
now stands, this would entail a very considerable outlay both
of time and money, neither of which is at the disposal of the
officers of the Museum for such a purpose.
The Newport Marine Laboratory has, as usual, been placed at
the disposal of the advanced students in Zodlogy, and its tables
have been occupied by Messrs. Davenport, Ward, Kelly, Kofoid,
Mayer, Weysse, Lucas, Woodworth, and Gerould, who were occu-
pied during their stay in collecting material for their special in-
vestigations. The work of the students was principally devoted
to the embryology of Mollusks, of Acalephs, and of Echinoderms.
Mr. Woodworth was kind enough in my absence to put the
Laboratory in working order for the opening of the season.
We have to thank Colonel Marshall McDonald, United States
Fish Commissioner, for facilities granted our students in con-
nection with their work at the Fish Commission Station at
Wood’s Holl.
In connection with the Newport Laboratory, it is a pleasure to
me to report that the Museum has received from Major Theo-
dore K. Gibbs, of Newport, the sum of five thousand dollars to
establish the Virginia Barret Gibbs Scholarship Fund, the in-
come of which is to be devoted to assisting students interested
in the study of Marine Zodlogy. The conditions which regulate
g the use of the income of this Scholarship are similar to those of
the Tyndall Fellowship, and are given in Appendix B to this
Report.
But little change has taken place in any of the Exhibition
Rooms now open to the public. The model of the East Coast
of the United States has been placed in the Geographical Room,
s but unfortunately we have been unable to make any progress
6
in its final arrangement, or in that of the Geological Exhibition
Room. Extensive changes have been undertaken in the North
American Faunal Room to accommodate the Greene Smith Col-
lection of Birds. . |
We have continued to fill a few of the gaps existing in our
collections by purchases, mainly from Ward. Our greatest de-
siderata are now in the African Room, where we should have, in
order to make the collection more characteristic, a good Hippo-
potamus, a Giraffe, and a few additional Antelopes. We have
devoted one of the wall cases of that room to the Fauna of Mad-
agascar. All the Lemurs and other characteristic Madagascar
Mammals, as well as the few Madagascar Birds formerly in our
African Faunal Collection, have now been placed in the cases
devoted to the Fauna of Madagascar. It is astonishing to see
how the peculiar mammalian fauna of that island gains in dis-
tinctness, now that it is separated from its African surroundings.
This and the Australian faunal exhibits show at a glance the
value of such an arrangement in our Museum.
The rooms containing the Quaternary Pampas Vertebrate Fos-
sils, and a few Tertiary Mammals, are now open to the public.
No more interesting exhibit could be made than by supplement-
ing what has already been placed on exhibition with a series of
our North American Fossil Vertebrates.
The collections of the Museum continue in good condition. I
regret that Dr. Hagen’s prolonged ill-health has made it impossi-
ble for him to attend to his usual duties at the Museum. Owing
to our insufficient means, we have been unable to continue Pro-
fessor Hyatt’s salary at the’Museum. He has, however, kindly
consented to keep a general snpervision over the paleontological
collections, which of course suffer less from want of attention
than our more perishable zodlogical material. It has been found
necessary to give more care to the latter, and Professor Walter
Faxon has been placed in charge of the Invertebrate collections.
Professor Edmond Perrier has returned the Starfishes of the
‘“‘ Blake” which had been sent to him for examination, and has
at the same time presented to the Museum, in behalf of the
Jardin des Plantes, an extensive series of the Starfishes of the
‘Talisman ” expedition, types of the species described by him.
Professor Alphonse Milne-Edwards has now returned the
“Blake” Crustacea, with the exception of the Galatheoids, which
tad
‘
he has kept for comparison while working up the Crustacea of
the “ Talisman.” |
Professor Verrill still has in his possession the Alcyonoids of
the ‘‘ Blake” expedition, and reports fair progress in their deter-
mination; he also reports that Miss Bush’s paper on the Northern
Atlantic Mollusks collected by the ‘“ Blake” during the expedi-
tion of 1880 is nearly ready for publication.
Professor Milne-Edwards’s Memoir on the Paguride of the
“ Blake” is now in press. The plates have been completed, and
we hope to publish it early this winter.
Considerable progress has also been made in the press-work of
the Special Bulletin No. 2 of the National Museum, which will
contain the Deep-sea Fishes of the “ Blake,” by Professor Goode
and Dr. Bean.
We have received during the year an anonymous contribution,
to be applied to the increase of Dr. Hagen’s salary. The Cor-
poration have kindly consented to assume a part of Dr. Hagen’s
salary, and charge it upon the retiring allowance fund. This
has enabled me to engage Mr. Samuel Henshaw to devote some
time to the care of the collection, and to superintend its use by
specialists.
Among the principal additions to our collections I may men-
tion two skins of the Wingless Rail from the Sandwich Islands,
presented by the Hon. S. B. Dole of Honolulu; also, by pur-
chase, a small collection of the principal birds of the Hawaian
group, intended for the Pacific Exhibition Room.
From Ward we have obtained a magnificent alligator for the
North American Room.
We have to thank Mr. Charles Wachsmuth for a number
of interesting Fossil Crinoids.
The fine Rhytina skeleton presented to us by the Smithsonian
Institution has been mounted by Ward and placed in the Pacific
Room. We have also received from the National Museum a
cast of the well known Trilobite, with its appendages, described
by Mr. C. D. Walcott; and from -Mr. N. P. Miller, a collection
of Starfishes from Alaska. Professor Mitsukuri of the Impe-
rial University of Tokio has presented a fine Metacrinus, and
a Hyalonema from off Misaka, as well as specimens of Astacus
and of the Ditrema so common in Japanese waters. From a
comparison of this viviparous perch with our Californian Em-
8.
biotocoid I find that it corresponds to the American genus
Micrometrus of Gibbons.
Since the Hume Collection of Indian Birds was presented to
the Museum we have not received from any quarter so valuable
an addition to our stock as the Collection of North American
Birds presented to the Museum by Mrs. Greene Smith, of Peter-
borough, N. Y. The terms upon which the collection has been
given to the Museum are most liberal, and while the collection
will remain intact as the Greene Smith Collection, it will at the
same time form the bulk of our collection of North American
Birds, just as the Hume Collection practically forms the Bird
Collection of the Indian Room. The Greene Smith Collection
is well known to ornithologists as perhaps the most complete
and best mounted collection of North American Birds brought
together by a private individual. The Museum is fortunate in
‘being chosen by Mrs. Smith as the recipient of so valuable a col-
lection, and we have to thank her most cordially for the liberal
conditions which she attaches to the gift. (See Appendix C.)
We have to thank the Swiss Confederation for sending us,
through the Polytechnicum, a large number of topographical
maps published by that government.
We owe to Mr. Binney the plates which accompany the last
Supplement to his North American Land Shells, published in the
Museum Bulletin.
The Museum has sent to Dr. Dall for examination a small
collection of Tertiary Fossils from the Isthmus of Sista sent
us by Mr. F. Sousa,
The remainder of our collection of Bats has been forwarded
to the Marquis Doria, at Genoa, for examination.
We have also sent out for examination small collections of
Reptiles, of Sharks, and of Fishes to Messrs. Goode and Bean.
A number of Crinoids have been sent to Mr. Wachsmuth
for comparison.
A number of European geologists, who attended the Inter-
national Congress of Geologists held at Washington last year,
visited the Museum, and examined, as far as practicable, some
of the special collections in which they were interested.
That part of the collections of the ‘ Albatross” expedition
of 1891 which is to be worked up at Cambridge has been re-
ceived in excellent condition, with the exception of the Aca-
rar wre eC a ee
ora,
“ rey
ee ee ee ee eee
— os «
9
lephs, which I fear will hardly give me the material I hoped to
have at my disposal when the collections were made. Mr. Wes-
tergren, the artist who accompanied me on the “ Albatross,” is
now at work at the Museum, and has completed a number of
the plates intended to illustrate the monograph of Mr. Faxon
on the Crustacea of the expedition. He will next devote his
time to the Fishes and the Echini.
With few exceptions, the remaining collections are now in the
hands of the specialists who have kindly consented to work them
up. Short preliminary reports are already under way to illus-
trate the more novel types. Among them isa notice by Professor
Ludwig of some interesting Holothurians, with sketches of the
species in their natural attitudes, from drawings made on board by
Mr. Westergren and myself. Professor Ludwig also informs me
that he has already finished the descriptive text of three families,
and that a number of plates of Holothurians are well under way.
Dr. Goés has finished a notice of the gigantic Foraminifer men-
tioned in my Preliminary Report, and described by him as a new
genus (Neusina). Both these papers will shortly be published.
Preliminary reports have also been made to Colonel. McDon-
ald, the United States Fish Commissioner, by Mr. Ridgway,
on the Birds of the Galapagos, and on the small collection of
Insects by Dr. Riley.
Colonel McDonald has shown the greatest interest in the
collections of the “« Albatross,” and has given me his cordial co-
operation in their final distribution. He assigned to Mr. Richard
Rathbun the care of the large collections on their arrival at
Washington, and the cordial thanks of the naturalists who are
to work up this valuable material are due to him for the thorough
manner in which he has accomplished the laborious and thankless
task of forwarding from Washington to their destinations the
different collections, with the consent of the Fish Commissioner.
Ihave myself published in the Museum Bulletin a preliminary
account of the “ Albatross” expedition, and have described in
the Memoirs the interesting Stalked Crinoid, Calamocrinus, dis-
covered by the “ Albatross”’ off the Galapagos.
We have also received from Captain Tanner of the “ Albatross”’
an interesting collection from intermediate depths from the sur-
face to three hundred fathoms, made with the Tanner tow-net in
1892, during the exploration for a telegraphic cable from California
2
10 '
to the Sandwich Islands. A preliminary examination of the ma-
terial apparently confirms the views expressed in my preliminary
report of the ‘* Albatross’ expedition regarding the bathymetrical
distribution of pelagic life.
The Comatule of the “ Blake,” which were in the hands of the
late Dr. P. H. Carpenter, have been sent to Dr. Hartlaub of Got-
tingen, who will work them up in. connection with those of the
“ Albatross.” I have to thank Mr. Percy Sladen for the trouble
he has taken in making the transfer to Dr. Hartlaub.
I consider myself most fortunate in having the opportunity to
take charge of the publications of so interesting an expedition as
that of the “ Albatross” in 1891. I am sure that I represent the
views of scientific men in expressing a regret that so little has
thus far been published in connection with the Fish Commission
work regarding the marine fauna of the east coast of the United
States, considering the splendid opportunities which have been
supplied. It seems strange that Congress should not have made
liberal appropriations for the working up by specialists of the
magnificent collections brought together during so many years
by the vessels of the Fish Commission,
A collection of Deep-sea Echini and Ophiurans, from the
various deep-sea explorations sent out under the auspices of
the Coast Survey, has been sent to the British Museum, in
exchange for similar material given to the Museum by the
‘*¢ Challenger’ expedition.
Appendix A of this Report contains a list of the publications
of the Museum issued during the past academic year. We have
published four numbers of the Bulletin, forming Volume XXII.
of the series, and three numbers of the twenty-third volume. Of
the quarto Memoirs two numbers have been published. The
independent publications of the gentlemen connected with the
Museum will be found enumerated with their reports. The Li-
brary continues to increase, and our exchange list is on a most
satisfactory footing.
I give herewith plans and different views of ee Newport
Marine Laboratory, showing its present condition. The Lab-
oratory was fully described in my Report of 1876-77. Its effi-
ciency has been increased by the addition, on the second floor,
of a photographic room and microphotographic apparatus. An
additional room of considerable size has also been attached to
11
the building, to be used as a library and a private laboratory for
myself. The unit adopted for the working space of each indi-
vidual has been slightly increased in the new room, and as now
planned it will be a simple proposition to erect a new Laboratory
for general purposes and for special investigation by adopting
the dimensions now in use for each table.
As it has gradually become apparent that each institution will
eventually wish to control its own Marine Laboratory, and that
no co-operation is possible between the different Universities,
it has occurred to me that some expansion of the Newport Ma-
rine Laboratory might meet the demands of Harvard University.
I would here say that various attempts have been made at such
co-operation without success. At the time the Anderson School
was abandoned, an appeal was made to the Colleges through-
out the country to establish a central zodlogical station, but it
received no encouragement. A second attempt was made, in
connection with the late Professor Baird, to interest the Natural
History departments of the larger Universities in supporting a
laboratory for research at Wood’s Holl in connection with that of
the Fish Commission. This likewise failed. Since then the inde-
pendent action of the Johns Hopkins University, of the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania, of the University of California, of the
Leland Stanford Jr. University, and of others, confirms the im-
pression that every such institution is to have its own establish-
ment for modern zoélogical research.
But if a central laboratory is no longer to be thought of, it may
_be practicable to form an international association of marine lab-
oratories, the members of which will exchange the facilities each
may possess, so that all may share in the advantages of position
as regards special opportunities for investigation at the different
stations. Orit might be that with the help of such joint action
an association might be formed for the establishment of a marine
laboratory within the tropics in the vicinity of a coral reef.
While many such schemes loom up as possibilities, in view of the
increased interest in this kind of research, the more immediate
and important question is whether Harvard, like other Univer-
sities, shall have a marine ee to facilitate the research of
her own students.
Towards this something might be done in the near neighbor-
hood of my own laboratory at Newport, if the necessary means
12
can be raised. In some form or other, I have had this in mind
since 1876, when the Marine Laboratory at Newport was opened,
to which a certain number of the more advanced students of
Harvard University were regularly invited. In doing this, I
had always hoped that the time might come for joining with
other institutions in establishing a more general laboratory for
research. Such a plan has become impracticable, as we have
seen ; but it still seems to me that if Harvard is to have a ma-
rine laboratory of her own, the conditions at Newport are very
favorable.
I would. therefore propose that whenever sufficient means can
be obtained a large Laboratory for research should be built on the
east side of the cove on which my own Laboratory is placed, and
that a dwelling-house for the use of students be erected on a
suitable lot in the immediate vicinity. A large sea-going launch,
suitable for dredging within fifty to seventy-five miles from New-
port, is also needed, to give better collecting facilities than we
have had before, and to supply larger material for the work of
the Laboratory.
Until this shall be accomplished, a certain number of advanced
students will continue to make use, as hitherto, of the limited
room and facilities afforded by the existing Laboratory. But it
is evident that whatever can be offered will only be an adjunct
as it were of the larger establishment which must soon be neces-
sary 1f Harvard is to keep pace with sister Universities in this
department of study.
For the less advanced students it would be necessary to equip
the aquarium planned for the Museum, and it would be possible,
with our facilities, to provide during the summer months for the
instruction in marine zodlogy of a large number of students at
a comparatively small expense, and thus to limit the use of the
smaller Laboratory at Newport to the more advanced students.
The addition of a large public Aquarium to the equipment of
the Newport Laboratory would be an important adjunct. A most
interesting and instructive public exhibit could easily be made
from the more common marine animals of this part of our coast,
and it is quite possible to obtain the support of a sufficient
number of the residents of Newport in the establishment of an
Aquarium, as considerable interest has always been manifested
in such a project. The Aquarium once built and in running
43
order, there is little doubt that its ordinary expenses could be
met by annual subscriptions and by the small admission fees
charged to the transient public.
It would of course be of immense advantage if the Laboratory
could control a large steamer of about two hundred feet in length,
to be used for research and as a peripatetic laboratory for explo-
ration along all parts of our coast or elsewhere. Such facilities,
however, demand a large original outlay and a large annual ex-
penditure. From $75,000 to $100,000 would be needed for the
equipment of the vessel, and an annual income of from $25,000
to $30,000 to run it to advantage, and to provide the means of
publication for the Station. Such an equipment would, however,
be unique among the stations now in existence, and nothing
would tend to develop more rapidly our knowledge of the
natural history of the sea than such a vessel, well equipped and
in charge of a director competent to undertake even distant ex-
peditions devoted to the solution of some special problem of
thalassography.
ALEXANDER AGASSIZ.
CAMBRIDGE, October 1, 1892,
14
REPORTS ON THE GEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT.
I. REPORT ON THE COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.
By Proressors J. D. Wuitney, N. S. SHater, W. M. Davis, anp ASSISTANT
ProFessor J. E. WOLFF.
DurinG the Academic year 1891-92, the following named
courses of instruction were given in the laboratories and in the
field by the instructors in the department.
Instruction in Geology.
1. Geol. 4. A half-course in Elementary Geology ; two lectures a week
by N.S. Shaler, with one hour for special exercises conducted by R. E.
Dodge, Assistant in Geology, with required reading in Dana’s Manual of
Geology. In the spring, voluntary excursions were made to points of
geological interest in the vicinity of Cambridge under the guidance of the
assistant. The course was attended by two hundred and forty-six: students.
2. Geol. 5. A half-course of Practical Geological Exercises in the
Laboratory and in the field, with occasional lectures by T. W. Harris, as-
sisted by H. B. Kummel; designed especially for those who intend in
subsequent years to continue the study of Geology and Paleontology.
Half-course, with two-hour exercises, twice a week. Attended by eighty-
seven students. .
3. Geol. 8. A course of Advanced Geology, two lectures a week, and
for a part of the year three, by N. S. Shaler, with an additional hour for
review of assigned reading couducted by J. B. Woodworth. Students in
this course were required during the second term to prepare theses on sub-
jects chosen with the advice of their instructors. During the first and ©
third terms, eight half-day excursions were made into the field in the vicin-
ity of Cambridge, under the guidance of J. E. Wolff and J. B. Woodworth.
Those only who passed a satisfactory examination in the elementary courses
were permitted to attend. Fifty-six students received this instruction.
4, Geol. 9. A course in the Structural and Dynamical Geology of the
stratified rocks, by T. W. Harris. Two lectures a week, with required
reading and theses. ‘This course was attended’by seven students.
15
5. Geol. 18. A course in Economical Geology, by J. D. Whitney,
assisted by L. G. Westgate. Lectures twice a week, with required read-
ing and theses. Attended by twenty-eight students.
6. Geol. 22. nd ~ } . ee ° ; Z
} Say | ‘os , way fe
> na ae +V, aS if ‘ ¥ ;
a7 2 ey, $ ier 4 s ¥ ;
bat) x Kes ey 4 ia fh :
al te Nolin a
Shi ate ae: 4 i “i af a QT
Os Urnatella pele. ee 6 Plates.
Notes on the Carotids and the Ductus Botalli of the Alligator.
»- 1 Plate.
By W. E. Ritter : —
, On the Eyes, the Integumentary Sense-papillz, and the Integument of
the San Diego Blind-fish (Typhlogobius. Californiensis, Steindachner).
4 Plates.
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28
REPORT ON OSTEOLOGY.
By D. D. Suave.
THIS department has received no important additions since the
last annual report.
The collections remain in excellent condition, and have re-
ceived neither damage nor loss.
Several specimens have been received for identification, and
two small collections from different sources, which were offered
during the vacation, have not yet been determined.
Instruction by means of lectures, examinations, and laboratory
work has been given during the academical year to five students,
three of whom were undergraduates, one was a Graduate, and
one a Lawrence Scientific Student. The work performed by
them has been generally satisfactory.
The Assistant hopes to make the course of instruction during
the coming year one in which research will receive more atten-
tion than heretofore.
The following papers have been published by me during the
pee year : —
Guisileaied Notes. The Jugal Arch in the Order simelbalis Science,
Vol. XIX. p. 203.
Osteological Notes. The Jugal Arch in the Order Rodentia. Science,
Vol. XX. p. 46.
Some of the orders in the collection of disarticulated skeletons
are still sadly deficient in specimens, — a want which can only
be supplied through the generosity of some patron who under-
stands the importance of this department to the scientific
student.
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29
REPORT ON THE MAMMALS AND BIRDS.
By WiLv1aAmM BREWSTER.
The collection of mounted Mammals has received the following
additions : —
A Solenodon (Solenodon cubanus) from Cuba; two Armadillos
(Dasypus sexcinctus and Tatusia novemcincta) from Brazil; an ar-
boreal, prehensile-tailed Porcupine (Synetheres prehensilis) from
Costa Rica; a Hare (Lepus nigricollis) from India; a small Deer
(Dorcatherium aquaticum) from West Africa; a Tree Hyrax (Den-
drohyrax arboreus) and a small Rodent (Georynchus capensis)
from Cape Colony; and a Genet (Genetta vulgaris) from Alge-
ria (?). The last named is the gift of Dr. H. J. Bigelow. All
the others were bought of Ward.
The collection of Mounted Birds in the North American Room
has long been an object of adverse comment on the part of vis-
itors critical in such matters, and a source of mortification to the
Assistant in this department. Made up chiefly of birds prepared
by a taxidermist, whose handiwork, although neat and smoothly
finished, is aggressively stiff and conventional, and containing a
number of moth-eaten, faded, and dust-stained specimens, con-
tributed years ago by the Harvard Natural History Society, this
collection, while perhaps not inferior in quality to the average
exhibits of American museums, has suffered by comparison with
the superior material in the other and more recently equipped
faunal rooms.
It has been Mr. Agassiz’s intention to remedy this defect, as
soon as opportunity offered and the funds of the Museum permit-
ted, by discarding all but a few of the very best or rarest of the
Birds in the North American Room, and replacing them by really
well mounted specimens. Such an opportunity has at length
occurred, and without the anticipated expense; for Mrs. Greene
Smith, of Peterborough, N. Y., has just given to the Museum,
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30
under certain very reasonable conditions, about twelve hundred
North American birds, together with nearly three hundred Hum-
ming-birds from North, Central, and South America. These speci-
mens constitute the greater part of a collection widely known
among ornithologists as the ** Greene Smith Collection,” and of
which a catalogue has been printed and distributed.
In many respects the collection of mounted North American
birds is the most complete and valuable that has ever been
brought together, at least by private effort. It was begun in
1867, and the work continued up to the time of Mr. Smith’s
death, in 1880, after which only a few specimens were added.
At first, Mr. Smith hoped to collect all the birds himself, and
very many were taken by him personally, chiefly in Madison
County, New York, Cook County, Illinois, and Hernando County,
Florida; but failing health finally compelled him to abandon this
plan, and to buy a considerable number of skins, most of which,
together with all the Humming-birds, were obtained from John
G. Bell, of New York City. The entire collection, with the ex-
ception of a few birds, was mounted by Mr. Bell, who at one
time stood foremost amongst American taxidermists, and whose
best work is perhaps not excelled by any of the present day.
The conditions above referred to are, in brief, that the North
American birds shall be kept together and known as the “ Greene
Smith Collection,” and that each specimen originally belonging
to it shall be so labelled. Imperfect or otherwise unsatisfactory
specimens may be discarded, but all: such must be returned to
Mrs. Smith or her heirs. The collection may be added to, how-
ever, at the discretion of the officers of the Museum.
These conditions have been accepted, and the collection has
been safely transported to Cambridge. It will be arranged and
placed on exhibition as soon as some changes necessary for its
reception have been made in the cases of the North American
Room. Some of the best of the old birds will be retained and
added to the new collection, but most of them will be unmounted
and distributed among the collection of skins. The Humming-
birds are to be placed in a case by themselves, probably in one
of the Systematic Rooms.
An important addition has been made to the exhibit in the
Pacific Room by the purchase, from Mr. Scott B. Wilson, of the
following birds from the Sandwich Islands: Charadrius fulvus,
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31
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Bernicla sandvicensis, Psittacirostra psittacea, Acrylocercus no-
bilis, Acrylocercus braccatus, Chrysomitridops ceruleirostris, Ves-
gnathus procerus, Pheornis obscura, Himatione virens, Himatione
sanguinea, Oreomyza bairdi, Chasiempis ridgwayi, Chasiempis
dolet. Two Rails, probably Corethrura obscura (Gmel.), sent to
Mr. Agassiz by Mr. William T. Brigham, at the request of Hon.
S. B. Dole, by whom they were obtained from Layson Island,
will also be mounted for this collection, which now represents
most of the species resident in and peculiar to the Sandwich
Islands.
The only further acquisitions in this department are two speci-
mens, male and female, of the ‘“ Oropendula” ( Gymnostinops
montezuma), with several of its curious nests, from Copan, Hon-
duras, presented by the Peabody Museum Honduras Expedition,
and a Brazilian Parrot (of the genus Chrysotis), received from
Mrs. Josiah W. Cook, of West Somerville, Mass.
REPORT ON THE REPTILES AND FISHES.
By SAMUEL GARMAN.
THE following are included in the list of those who have con-
tributed to the collections in these departments by donation:
Mr. Bradlee Whidden, Mr. N. Vickary, Dr. J. G. Owens
(through Prof. F. W. Putnam), Dr. T. G. Lee, Dr. L. C. Jones,
Dr. W. M. Haines, Mrs. Capt. Josiah W. Cooke, Miss I. Batch-
elder, and Prof. Alex. Agassiz.
Parcels were taken out for the United States National Mu-
seum, Prof. F. H. Snow, Prof. C. J. Maynard, Dr. G. A. Bou-
lenger, Dr. T. G. Lee, Prof. J. W. P. Jenks, and the University
students.
Valuable exchanges have been received from Dr. Georg Baur,
Prof. J. W. P. Jenks, Dr. Julius Hurter, the United States Na-
tional Museum, and the Imperial Museum at St. Petersburg.
From the last we received important types from Central Asia.
Dr. Hurter, from the Southwestern States, sent us living speci-
mens, which before killing provided occasions for new and con-
firmatory observations on disputed points, and which afterwards
were put into excellent condition for the exhibition cases. The
lot from Professor Jenks contained representatives from the Gulf
coast of the Southwest. Dr. Baur’s collections were from the
Galapagos Archipelago and the adjacent South American coast.
These last, with that of Professor Jenks, were determined and
subjected to special study and publication. In connection with
the routine work, the exhibit for Madagascar has been selected
and. put in place, and various changes and additions have been
made in other representations. To the number of large mounted
specimens have been added a large Alligator, various Sharks,
several Fishes, and some Land Tortoises. The Deep-sea Fishes
taken in the work of the United States Fishery Commission
steamer ‘* Albatross”’ in the tropical Pacific are now in hand,
under investigation.
i
‘
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:
33
Besides reviews and book notices on kindred subjects, not
signed, the subjoined publications have been sent out during
the year.
In the Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoblogy, Vol.
mV) No, 3:—
“The Discoboli (Cyclopteride, Liparopside, and Liparidide).”’
In the Bulletin of the Essex Institute : —
“The Reptiles of the Galapagos Islands.”
“On Texan Reptiles.”
“On Reptiles collected by Dr. Geo. Baur near Guayaquil, Ecuador.”
“On Cophias and Bachia.”
In the Proceedings of the Boston Natural History Society : —
~ “Dr. D. H. Storer’s Work on the Fishes.”
‘In the Annual Report of the Commissioners on Inland Fish-
- eries of Massachusetts : —
“* Report on the Lobster.”
In ** Science ”’ : —
“The Vesicles of Savi.”
“The Distribution of Fishes.”
“Dr. Storer’s Work on the Fishes.” (Also in Proc. B. N. H. Soc.)
* Sistrurus and Crotalophorus.”
“The Reptilian Rattle.”
34
REPORT ON THE PALZ ONTOLOGICAL
DEPARTMENT.
By ALpHeus Hyatt.
THE Trigoniide, Ostreide, Pinnide, and some other families
of Lamellibranchs, have been worked over with greater or less
care, and materials selected for exhibition.
A large amount of miscellaneous work, which cannot be re-
ported upon specifically, has been done in order to prepare the
way for the selection of materials to be placed upon exhibition.
The Schary, Day, Dyer, Walcott, and other collections of Silu-
rian and Devonian Brachiopoda have been similarily treated,
the genera brought together, and the materials picked out for
exhibition.
The enormous number of specimens in these collections, and
the fact that the same species frequently appears under different
names, and the same genus in one collection may be split up into
half a dozen genera in another, makes such work more tedious
and difficult than had been anticipated. Before the specimens
selected for exhibition are finally labelled, it will be necessary to
revise the generic names to avoid confusion.
As in previous years, the department has had the benefit of
the labors of Dr. R. T. Jackson. He has distributed the Triassic
and Permian collections reported upon last year as still intact,
and therefore all the Fossil Invertebrata are, with the exception
of one tier of cases reserved for slabs and miscellaneous materials
in Room A, arranged zodlogically as described in the last An-
nual Report. He has also done considerable work in various
departments which cannot be reported upon in detail, and has
distributed into their proper genera a large number of Tertiary
Lamellibranchs. !
30
Miss Clarke has been employed as usual in dusting, securing
specimens on tablets where necessary, writing labels, etc.
We have received from Messrs. Wachsmuth and Springer
twenty-eight choice specimens of Crinoids from Indian Creek,
Montgomery County, Indiana.
Mr. C. D. Walcott has returned a small collection of Lower
Cambrian fossils, borrowed by him some years since for investi-
gation.
The following papers have been published during the year by
the Assistants in this department : —
Carboniferous Cephalopods, by Alpheus Hyatt, Geol. Surv. of Texas,
Sec. Ann. Rept., 1890, pp. 329-356, with thirty-seven cuts.
Remarks on the Pinnide, by Alpheus Hyatt. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
History, XXV., 1891, pp. 335-346.
ate Studies of the Brachiopoda (a Review), by R. T. Foksagh
p Nat... Oct., 18923
36
REPORT ON THE LIBRARY.
By Miss F. M. Srack.
e
Durine the year ending September 1, 1892, the Library has
received 584 volumes, of which 20 are Atlases, 1,915 parts, and
253 pamphlets : —
VOLUMES. PARTS. PAMPHLETS.
Gale ak Soucy Gye re clea, Se a ee, he Ge 57 12
Exctinge 22 5 oer sty. Se a ee 746 61
Prorchiase |i eC ten St te 238 1
PRUE SARS 257 oe Oe gy Fk eto a a ee 856 25
Ped nig Parte ola te i. des A. Sate nada bet, Se
Whitney Liveries: 005.) ik Ae is 18 154
584 1915 2538
The number of volumes now in the Library (exclusive of
pamphlets and the greater part of the Whitney Library) is
20,391. There are 14,296 pamphlets bound in 2,366 volumes,
making the total number of volumes 22,757.
Ee ———= a 7
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ST
[A]
“PUBLICATIONS
OF THE
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1891-92.
Of the Bulletin.
Vol. XXII. [Complete.]
No. 1. Contributions from the Zodlogical Laboratory. — XXVIII. Observa-
tions on BuppinG in PALUDICELLA and some other Bryozoa. By 'C. Be
DavEenrort. pp. 114. 12 Plates. November, 1891.
No. 2. Contributions from the Zodlogical Laboratory. — XXIX. The Gas-
TRULATION Of AURELIA FLavipuLa, Pér. & Les. By F. Suira. pp. 12.
2 Plates. December, 1891. t
No. 3. Contributions from the Zodlogical Laboratory.— XXX. Amurosis in
the Emprronat Envetorss of the Scorpion. By H. P. Jonnson. pp. 36
3 Plates. January, 1892.
No. 4. A Fourth Supplement to the Fifth Volume of the Terrestrrat AiR-
Breatuine Mottiusks of the United States and Adjacent Territories.. By
W.G. Binney. pp. 42. 4 Plates. January, 1892.
Vol. XXIII.
No. 1. Reports on the DrEpGING OprrRations off the Wesr Coast of Central
America to the GaLaPaGos, to the West Coast of Mexico, and in the Gur
oF CALIFORNIA, in charge of ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, carried on by the U.S
Fish Commission Steamer “ AtBarross.” — II. GenERAL SKeETcH of the
ExPepITIOoNn of the ‘“ AtBarross” from February to May, 1891. By A.
Acassiz. pp. 90. 22 Plates. February, 1892.
No. 2. Contributions from the Zodlogical Laboratory. — XXXI. The Meso-
DERM in TELEOsTS: especially its Share in the Formation of the PEcroraL
Fin. By E. R. Boyer. pp. 44. 8 Plates. April, 1892.
No. 3. Contributions from the Zodlogical Laboratory. — XXXII. On Necro-
NEMA AGILE, Verrill. By H. B. Warp. pp. 54. 8 Plates. June, 1892.
Vol. XXIII. to be continued.
Of the Memoirs.
Vol. XIV.
No. 2. The Discopo.ir. Cyclopteride, Liparopside, and Liparidide. By S.
GARMAN. . pp. 96. 13 Plates. April, 1892.
Vol. XIV. to be continued.
38
Vol. X VIL.
No. 2. Reports on an ExpiLoration off the West Coasts of Mexico, CEN-
TRAL and Soutn America, and off the GaLtapacos IsLanps, in charge of
ALEXANDER AGASsIz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer “ ALBa-
Tross,’ during 1891.—I. CaLtamocrinus Diomepm®, a new STALKED
CRINOID, with Notes on the Apical System and the Homologies of Echino-
derms. By A. Agassiz. pp.96. 32 Plates. January, 1892.
Vol. XVII. to be continued.
[B]
Tue Virginia Barret Gibbs Scholarship Fund is to be established in connection
with the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, on the following
conditions : —
To apply the net income thereof in supporting or assisting to support one or more
students who may have shown decided talents in Zoology, and preferably in the
direction of Marine Zoology.
Each person so assisted shall be either a graduate or a student in some depart-
ment of Harvard University, but not necessarily a candidate for a degree. His
studies and researches may be conducted at the Natural History Laboratories of
the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy at Harvard College, at the Newport Marine
Laboratory, or at such European Laboratories or other place on the sea-shore in this
country or elsewhere as may be approved by the Faculty of the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology and by the Professors of Zoology and of Comparative Anatomy of
Harvard University.
Such assistance may be continued to the same student from year to year, so long
as he may be recommended-by the Faculty of the Museum and the Professors afore-
said; but the appointment must be renewed annually, and only upon satisfactory
evidence that the incumbent is fulfilling the purpose of the endowment.
If in the course of any year no students of sufficient ability and promise shall re-
quire aid from said fund, or for any reason the whole income of said fund shall not
be expended, the surplus is to be added to the principal of the fund.
The President and Fellows are authorized at their discretion to impose such con-
ditions and make such requirements upon the recipient of aid from said fund as will
best secure his faithful devotion to the purposes of this foundation.
39
[C]
: PETERBOROUGH, N. Y., August 18, 1892.
WirriaM Brewster, Esq. : —
Dear Sir, —I wish to place the collection of birds, left by my husband, where it
will be safe, well cared for, kept intact, as far as practicable, and made use of
by students of ornithology ; and where it may remain a monument to the life-work
of Greene Smith.
I will give the collection (with a few exceptions to be named hereafter) to the
Museum of Comparative Zodlogy at Cambridge, Mass., on the following con-
ditions : — .
ist. That the North American Collection shall practically replace the present
North American Collection of the Museum, and shall be kept together as far as
possible; each specimen to be labelled conspicuously with the name of Greene
Smith.
2d. The Museum shall be allowed to make future additions to the collection; but
it shall be privileged to discard on/y such specimens as are positively bad.
3d. Any part of the collection which the Museum may at any time discard shall
be returned to me or my heirs.
4th. The Museum, at its own expense, is to pack and transfer the collection
within the next sixty days.
From the Collection of North American Birds I reserve one specimen, No. 886.
I also reserve the foreign specimens, excepting the case of Humming-birds.
Yours very truly,
ELvIzABeTH F. Smita.
40
[D]
INVESTED FUNDS OF THE MUSEUM.
IN THE HANDS OF THE TREASURER OF HARVARD COLLEGE, Sept. 1, 1890.
Stursis-Hooper Fund,. . . .)- sds (6 ae See eee
rey apn. ea ee yh io oy chi aie oe 50,000.00
Acassiz Memorial Fund)... .. .) os cee eae
Teachers and Pupile Fund... ..5\..)) 2. +. @ (eee 7,594.01
Permanent. Fund oo. 9. 6. + 2e eA py ee oe
Humboldt Fund... . 003. =. 6...) cas = el 0 7,740.66
Virginia Barret Gibbs Scholarship Fund . . ......... 5,000 00
$585,737.11
The payments on account of the Museum are made by the Bursar of Harvard
College, on vouchers approved by the Curator. The accounts are annually exam-
ined by the Museum Faculty and a. committee of the Overseers. ‘The only funds
the income of which is restricted, the Gray and the Humboldt Funds, are annually
charged in an analysis of the accounts with vouchers to the payment of which the
income is applicable.
The income of the Gray Fund can be applied to the purchase and maintenance of
collections, but not for salaries.
' The income of the Humboldt Fund (about $400) can be applied for the benefit of
one or more students of Natural History, either at the Museum, the Newport Marine
Laboratory, the United States Fish Commission Station at Wood's Holl, or elsewhere.
Applications for the tables reserved for advanced students at the Newport Ma-
rine Laboratory, and for the tables at the Wood’s Holl Station, should be made to
the Director of the Museum before the lst of May. Applicants should state their
qualifications, and indicate the course of study they intend to pursue.
The income of the Virginia Barret Gibbs Scholarship Fund, of the value of $250,
is assigned annually, with the approval of the Faculty of the Museum, at the recom-
mendations of the Professors of Zoology and of Comparative Anatomy in Harvard
University, “in supporting or assisting to support one or more students who have
shown decided talents in Zodlogy, and preferably in the direction of Marine
Zoology.”
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