TWENTY SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT 


OF THE 


Department of Parks 


FOR THE 


ig ES Ses SE ee 


Zrooklyn: 


PRINTED FOR THE COMMISSIONERS. 


1888. 


at 


TWENTY SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT 


Exe ARY 


ae YORK = 
BOTANICA! eae 
Ca genet) 


Department of Parks 


FOR THE 


eee eee a SS 7. 


Compliments \ Q. 14). Somers, TEE 
of / Geo. W. Qakley, 


Committee. 


. “Alyson Kerguson. 


Arooklyn ; 
PRINTED FOR THE COMMISSIONERS. 


1888, 


ABRARW\ 3 


Awe 
YORP 


YFANICAR 
CARD EW, 


MH onmiisstouers, 


JAMES T. EASTON, DANIEL M. SOMERS, 

ROBERT B. VAN VLECK, GEORGE W. OAKLEY, 
*CROSSMAN LYONS, FRANCIS MARKEY, 

* HENRY HARTEAU, * ANSON FERGUSON, 


THE MAYOR, ex-officio. 


@fficevs. 


President, 


JAMES T. EASTON. 


oecratary, 


ROBERT COURTNEY. 


Suparintsndesnt, 


JOHN T. HAMILTON. 


* Resigned 


Commissioners Appointed to Fill Vacanciss, 


ELIJAH B. KENNEDY, 
CHARLES H. LUSCOMB. 


@onternts, 


President’s Letter, : 4 
Report of Special Committee (on), 


Maintenance of Parks with a Gradual Gignstraction tow iil Gonmalsten 


Summary of Improvements made in 1887, 
New Improvements to be made in 1858, 
Pienie Grounds and their Associations, 
The Old Pienie Grounds, 
Sullivan Heights Pienic Woods, 
The Battle of Long Island, : 
Monument to the Martyrs of the English BAeon Si 
The Litchfield Picnic Grove, 
The Beecher Monument, 
The Plaza, 
The New Musie epanid ? 
Headquarters Park Department ( Lite hfeld aeaneton) 
Walks in Prospect Park, 
Ocean Parkway, 
Eastern Parkway, , 
The New Shelter at Willinck patentee. : ; 
The Parade Ground, . ; : : i : ; Sui 
The North Cireuit Drive of Ties 
Our Meteorological Department, 
The Ninth Street Entrance, 
The Water System, 
Drainage and Sewerage of fhe Parle 
Park Recreations, . 
Lawn Tennis, 
Croqnet, 
Base Ball, 
Lacrosse, 
Archery, . 
Equestrianism, 
Driving, 
Bicycling, 
Harriers, 
Boating, 
Skating, 
Walking, 
The Goat Garner! 
Washington Park, 
Tompkins Park, 


PAGE. 


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4 CONTENTS. 


City Park, 

Carroll Park, : 

East Side Lands, 

The Concourse at Coney island, 


The Parks of Brooklyn eu their bearing upon the Faure developeeat of 


the City, 
Table of Comparisons of Park Neceuae! 
Financial Statement for the year 1887, 
Superintendent Hamilton’s report (on), 
Trees of Prospect Park, 
Climbing Plants, 
House Plants, 
Flowering Shrubs, 


Chief Clerk’s Statement of Appropriations oad Be ennieures 


Paymaster’s Statement, 
Salaries, 1887, 
Seanad Sagas 
statement of Bills paid by Brooklyn Perk Commissioners, 
ee Report of Police Force, 1887, 
Meteorological Observations, 


illustrations. 


Headquarters of the Park Department (Litchfield Mansion), 
Sullivan Heights Picnic Wood, 
Lite. field Picnic Grove, 

Music Pagoda, 

Willinck Entrance Shelter, 
Nether-Mead Arches, 

Scenery on large lake, 

Park Games, 
View at Pedestrian Gurceneee 
Park Trees, 

Map of Prospect Bale (fly leaf). 


90-94. 
95 
95 

104 
105 
106 
110 
“11 
112 
112 
113 
115 
119 


Jed ald sO ado 


OF THE 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 


eee 


Brooxkiyn, January 2, 1888. 


To the Honorable the Mayor and Common Council of the City 
of Brooklyn. 
Sirs: 

I have the pleasure herewith to transmit the Annual Report 
of the Department of Parks, for the year 1887; the preparation 
of which has been entrusted to a Special Committee, who have 
given it careful consideration. 


It will be found to include the usual reports from the 
different divisions of the Department. 


With creat respect 
to) » 


JAMES T. EASTON, 
President. 


{ j 
RT oh 
- ; ant y 


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Se 


eae! 


naw PORT 


pee COM MIT Tat. 


In accordance with the law and city ordinances, it is 
required of the Department of Parks that a full report of its 
affairs and transactions shall be forwarded annually to the 
Honorable, the Mayor and Common Council, and through them 
submitted to the people. In conformity therewith, a special 
Committee of Three was duly appointed by the Board of Com- 
missioners, consisting of one from each of the three standing 
committees, whose duty it should be to prepare such a report 
for the year 1$87, including such suggestions and recommen- 
dations for the future as should be laid before the taxpayers of 
the city of Brooklyn for their inspection and approval. 

In introducing this report to the attention of the public, the 
Committee beg leave to state that there are in the Department 
of Parks many things deemed important, of which its members 
would like to speak at length to the public, were it not that 
they feel themselves necessarily precluded from some of them 
from want of time and space. 

They have therefore selected what has seemed to them, in 
their judgment, after careful consideration, the most important 
topics to be presented. With these they have dealt somewhat 
in detail, touching occasionally upon historical points 
connected with them, of which there are many of peculiar 
interest in the Park. The recent improvements in the photo- 
gravure process of printing, by which it can be cheaply done, 
have placed it within their power to illustrate the whole 
edition at a reasonable cost. 


8 REPORT OF THE 


The Committee beg to refer the puble to the following 
financial statement, with some degree of gratification, inasmuch 
as the footings result in something new, thus far, in the his- 
tory of the Department. Lor the first time in the management 
of the park, so far as the Committee has been able to learn, 
all bills rendered for the current year have been paid. The 
books will show that the appropriations have not been ex- 
ceeded, and consequently there remains no deficiency to be 
accounted for, while, on the contrary, the statement shows a 
balance left to some of the accounts at the close of the year. 
The statement, as submitted, further shows that $29,303.01 
were expended in making good deficiencies of 1885 and 1886. 
The Board has changed the commencement of the fiscal year 
from the first of December to the first of January, so as to 
occur in consonance with the date observed by the other city 
departments, and also to conform to the date of the annual 
appropriation. 

The Superintendent's report is necessarily abridged in 
some particulars, from the fact that many of the topics pre- 
sented have been covered more or less in detail by the report 
of the Committee. The superintendent, however, has given 
some valuable information concerning the trees, vines and 
shrubbery, with which subjects, together with flowers, he is 
thoroughly familiar. 

The Chief Clerk’s, Paymaster’s, Police and Meteorological 
Reports follow. 


Maintenance of Parks. 
WITH A GRADUAL CONSTRUCTION TOWARD COMPLETION. 


The maintenance of Brooklyn’s parks for a number of years 
past has been highly discreditable to the city. The reason 
hitherto assigned has been an insufficiency of funds. Be this 
as it may the time has come (and there should be no farther 
delay) when a proper amount should be appropriated for the 
suitable and systematic maintenance of such — parks. 
These popular resorts should be maintained, not with waste or 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 9g 


extravagance on the one hand, or, as has been too often un- 
fortunately, the case, with parsimony and neglect on the other, 
but rather by observing between these two extremes a happy 
medium of business thrift and care, such as a judicious 
business man would bestow upon an estate in order to derive 
from it the best possible revenue. It is time that the tax- 
payers looked into and understood this whole subject, in order 
that they should be prepared intelligently to counsel and 
advise with the Board of Estimate concerning it. The object 
of this special committee in thus extending somewhat the 
volume of this report and entering in some instances into 
details and reminiscences, is to interest and inform the eeneral 
public with a view to the accomplishment of this very end. 
The Committee will endeavor to see that the report reaches 
the prominent business men and taxpayers of the city, at least 
so far as the limited edition will allow. 

Prospect Park, properly maintained, should preseut the 
appearance of a natural lansdeape park and garden, with all 
its walks completed and in perfect order, its drives well ap- 
pointed and watered, its lawns and meadows properly mown, 
its trees and shrubbery carefully pruned and looked after, its 
waterways clear and unobstructed, its banks properly protect- 
ed, its flowers in far greater quantity, displaying some skill 
and taste in their selection and arrangement, its buildings and 
bridges in good repair, thus disclosing in all the features of 
such a system the perfect maintenance ‘of the park. Added to 
all this there should be a well devised system of gradual yearly 
construction toward its final completion. 

The office of art, viz., to harmonize art with nature, as 
addressed to the park, should be to bring out in strong relief 
its features of natural beauty. To this end it should be intel- 
ligently directed. The drive system, as subsequently referred 
to in this report, needs but little to complete it. The North 
Cireuit drive round the lake and the Ninth street entrance 
drive are still to be constructed. On the subject of walks much 
more remains to be done, The unfinished portion of the park 
requires a number of new walks, and even in the parts already 

2 


10 REPORT OF THE 


described as finished, several additional ones are needed. A> 
sanitary system of drainage from the buildings in the park, is 
very important to the health of the visitors. There are a 
number of structures and buildings that the public require, 
some of which are designated in the original design of the 
park, but which have never yet been constructed. 

The construction of many of the buildings and bridges of 
wood, is a mistake which should not be repeated. Twenty 
years of experience in these matters have shown that a number 
of such structures have to be replaced by new ones. They are 
expensive to the Department to maintain, and in the end cost 
as much as if origimally built of durable material, Brooklyn 
should make up its mind to complete Prospect Park. Take 
ten years, if necessary, and let each year witness one tenth of 
the work done. Prior to such a project a finished plan or 
design should be made. The cost should be carefully esti- 
mated, and a yearly division of this amount should be allowed 
by the Board of Estimate, or the city issue bonds at low 
interest for the purpose of carrying out in sections such a 
systematic process of completion. 

The city of Brooklyn is old enough and large enough to own 
a finished and properly maintained park, and the present 
generation should not be robbed of the pleasure of enjoying 
such a resort. ‘The completion of Prospect Park should be 
accomplished as soon as practicable, without materially 
affecting the rate of taxation. Brooklyn should not fall behind 
other cities in the attractions of her noble park, unsurpassed 
as it is in some respects, if not unequalled, by any other park 
in the world. There should be within its grounds a zodélogical 
garden, a botanical conservatory and a museum. ‘These insti- 
tutions might be supplemented im the future with others, for 
the exhibition of all the departments of natural history. An 
extended mall would be a fine feature for the park, at the 
Nethermead, and would afford an opportunity to persons of 
artistic taste and substantial means to erect monuments com- 
memorative of distinguished personages, and group pieces 
representing striking ideas. Prospect Park completed, with 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. iG) 


all its drives, walks, bridges, buildings, well kept lawns, flower 
beds, variegated shrubbery, shady woods and fresh air, is what 
the people should be enjoying to-day, if the proper manage- 
ment in its development had been observed. Inasmuch as this 
has not been done, it would be criminal negligence on the part 
of those now entrusted with its care, should they fail to lay 
the matter plainly before the people. In the different 
topics that go to make up the following report, the Committee 
have sought to set forth in a plain, unvarnished way, what the 
Commissioners have done with the people’s money, what they 
have asked for that the people needed, and what they propose 
to do with the fraction allowed, for the people’s comfort. 


Summary of Improvements Made in 1887. 


First.—A_ large, substantial music pagoda, with walks, 
eraded grounds and clearings around it. This structure, as 
now erected, stands in a beautifully extended grove. 

Second.—A large and commodious ladies’ and children’s 
shelter, at the Willinck entrance, Flatbush, with new sidewalks 
on Flatbush and Ocean avenues. 

Third—A picnic ground, with the necessary conveniences, 
in the woods on the summit of Sullivan Heights, formerly an 
unimproved and unused portion of the park known as Snake 
Hill, near the Dairy Cottage. 

Fourth.—The Litchfield picnic grove, between the west 
drive and Ninth avenue, at a point where Fifth street would 
intersect. This spot was formerly used as the dumping ground 
of the Park. A permanent sewer has been run through it. 

Fifth—Repairs and constructions, in and around the head- 
quarters of the Park Department, formerly known as the 
Litchfield mansion. A general repairing and painting of the 
whole building. Meteorological offices fitted up and furnished 
and also provided with a complete set of new instruments. 
A museum room fitted up with cases for shells. Drawing 
room, offices, &c. A large summer shelter. Awnings around 
southern portico. A good pavement. Trees carefully 
trimmed and grounds improved around the building. | 


is REPORT OF THE 


Stxth—Improvement back of boat-house. The green, un- 
healthy pond, formerly there, replaced by a lawn and flower 
beds. 

Seventh.—Two substantial bridges. One, the Valley Grove 
Bridge, over a bridle road, in a deep ravine, connecting the 
Dairy Cottage with the Sullivan Heights Picnic Woods. 
The other, “Music Grove Bridge,’ spanning Binnenwater 
stream, on the Picnic Woods walk. 

Nighth—New walks, six thousand four hundred and. seventy 
running feet. 

Ninth. Cleansing all the small lakes, pools and water 
courses, from the accumulated leaves and filth that had lodged 
in and about them. Repairing of banks and cascades. 

Tenth—Thinning and pruning out the undergrowth and 
overgrowth of the trees and shrubbery of the park. 

HMeventh.—By contract, with special appropriation from the 
county, the filling in of the Concourse lands at Coney Island. 

Twelfth.—The erection at Coney Island of coast-lne Dutch 
facine mattresses, to protect the beach against the ravages of 
the waves. 

This list shows what special work has been done, outside of 
general maintenance and repairs, and willbe referred to here- 
after in detail, giving statistics and necessary information. 

We feel satisfied that more special permanent work has been 
accomplished during the past year than during the whole time 
from the cessation of the construction of the park im 1876 to 
1886. 

This, too, when the net appropriation for 1887 (about $30,000 
being deducted for deficiency and old accounts) was only about 
the usual annual amount devoted to park expenses. 

The park and parkways are better maintained and furnished 
with police than formerly. Many of the structures have been 
repaired and painted, which had never been touched since 
completion. The maintenance funds have not been trenched 
upon for special work. Though the whole amount appropri- 


ated to the Park Department is not adequate for maintaining 


it as it should be, this seeming contradiction is readily under- 


v 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. ‘ 13 


stood by any one familiar with the park. Nearly one-third of 
the area of Prospect Park has never been laid out or improved, 
another third has been entirely neglected and allowed to go to 
ruin, including structures, walks, &c., so that they are beyond 
maintenance, and will have to be reconstructed. The other 
third has been, and still is, passably maintained. The park 
was considerably over-planted at the first, and the overgrowth 
since then, hastened by the rich soil, can hardly be realized. 
This decaying overgrowth is so complete and the finished and 
untouched parts so blended, that it requires close inspection 
to tell where one begins and the other ends. 

From the many things needed in the work of reconstruction 
and improvement, the Commissioners have selected the few 
above enumerated as being the most pressing and of the 
ereatest use to the public. 


New Improvements to be Made in 1888. 


The Board of Estimate has allowed for the current year the 
following accounts for new constructions : 


TOMPKINS PARK. 
ere Gene Well kG. r GGGs's oe ori ta hpi ae ods akc deetc koe $10,000 
CIZYSRARKe 
Mewrsheliter:, walle. We ioe oa shee ere ces fale een 5,000 


PROSPECT PARK. 


Sroraieer shedsanear istablenc. 0 iui we. ces cies wea: 5.000 
Croquet shelter, upper meadow............ Snes: 3,500 
Mem oclosetement boat NOUSG ss ..c4e00c82.. ee 2 500 
er’ Pyne ill Sieger te Re a Se ee AN 2,500 
Wonlesmedaand, CLoset 2b Welles. oc fee. ie bee. 1,500 
premium: AALS yenc. ss needs eat wale Sota. Soo 1,500 
Milechnic mht expermment S20 soto. sc. we a i we 1,500 
MLaunsunUcCnilene rn Sey oe ere ea ye eek 1,000 
Eade ONO Vem ters). .eaecry se) ss sl gla Aieswlert de aie wc 1,000 


peo 


MGA rOns CONSLLUCHOM stats. Oita bles lc $35,000 


Fe 
’ - 


14 REPORT OF THE y 


FOR RECONSTRUCTION. 


Resurfacing walks in Prospect Park..........».-..- $12,500 
Resurfacing walks and the Gant in Fort Greene..... 7,500 
Resurfacing east drive, supplies, gravel............. 5,000 
ihepaits at larce wells ope. a ee Gu 
Repairs and alterations Litchfield Mansion.......... 2,500 
@arrollPark walks -duestes., soc or eae eee Bis Ses 1,000 
otal: .ia.:.). oe Se Ea Ae $33,000 : 
Maintenanee: 022. ee oe ee eee eee $138,300 
Bole a..ciee. es seg) 22 Ee Oe eee 60,000 


These amounts for maintenance, construction and recon- 
struction, are more liberal than the Park Department has been 
allowed for a number of years, and the improvements will be 
of great benefit and comfort to those who visit the parks. 

There has been no appropriation made for construction this 
year by the county, as was earnestly asked for by the Park 
Commissioners. Last year there was an appropriation of nearly 
$65,000. The improvements commenced at the Coney Island 
Concourse will have to remain, for want of such a fund, in an 
unfinished state. It is very unfortunate that the amount 
asked for to protect the beach against the waves, was not 
allowed, as it is highly probable that many times that amount 
will be required next year to make good what might have been 
preserved with timely intervention. We would therefore 
again most earnestly urge the Board of Supervisors to make 
the necessary provision, so that the Park Commissioners can 
save the county's property while it is within their power to 
do so, and not allow what has already been accomplshed to 
be sacrificed. ; 

The decreased appropriation of the county, taken with the 
increase of the city, makes the appropriation of 1888 about 
the same as it was in 1887. 

The amount of money that has been granted to the Park 
Department for a number of years past has been much too 
small. It is false economy for the city to starve one of its 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 15 


noblest public works by insufficient appropriation. Valuable 
work and costly structures have both been lost by such a mis- 
taken course. Such buildings will have to be rebuilt and 
such work all done over again. Nor is this all. The shape 
and health of many of the trees have been so injured for the 
want of timely care that they cannot be regained. The neglect 
of the shrubbery for so long a time is particularly unfor- 
tunate. 

Some very important things for the development of Pros- 
pect Park were asked for, but were not allowed by the Board 
of Estimate, viz: the building of a bridge, started more than 
fifteen years ago, over the middle channel of the Lullwater, 
and the drive over it, connecting Breeze Hill, near the pedes- 
trian concourse, with the west drive by the way of the well at 
the head of the large lake. These improvements would have 
been a great acquisition to the park, and should not be delayed 
any longer to the driving public. They will be referred to and 
recommended more in detail hereafter. Another item asked 
for was a section of a commodious greenhouse, located near 
the new drive just alluded to, on what is known as the penin- 
sula between the large lake and Look Out Hill. The old 
ereenhouse is located close by the stables. It is in a very 
unsuitable and inconvenient place for the publie, beside being 
in the last stages of decay. The amount asked for these con- 
structions was 70,000. 

Lullwood Bridge, near the boat-house, is in an unsafe condi- 
tion, and a new one was asked for. We hope that this matter 
will not be much longer delayed. 


Dp: ° : Ya . < . . 
Picnic ‘Grounds and theur I ssoctations. 


Picnicking in a public park is peculiarly a Brooklyn 
institution. No large city has given such encouragement to 

. e . _ é MN {s 7 . : . 
private parties, schools, and Sunday-Schools, to enjoy a jaunt 
in the woods or on the meadows of its parks, as Brooklyn has. 
The pleasure of spending a day in the open air, with guar- 


16 REPORT OF THE 


anteed protection against annoyances of any kind, has been 
appreciated from the first, and each succeeding year the 
number of picnics has steadily increased, so that with the 
fostering care given, it has grown to be an annual permanency. 
Picnic parties by the score have come from distant places 
during the past summer to Prospect Park to seek recrea- 
tion. 

The four hundred picnics of the past year have ranged in 
numbers from the small family picnic to the large Sunday- 
School excursions of many thousands. The largest attendance 
was on May 20, the anniversary of the Sunday-School Union, 
when one of its divisions paraded in the park. Several of the 
schools put up large tents and had picnics of their own. About 
one hundred thousand people visited the park on this date. 
Picnicking commences in May, and lasts until October. The 
Park Department furnishes a permit for such purpose to all 
orderly persons who may apply, which, without cost, gives them 
public protection, good water, swings, tables, seats and shelter, 
with as fine picnic groves as can be found within many miles 
of Brooklyn. All these things, taken in connection with 
the dispatch and economy in getting there, the safety and 
freedom from crowds, the carousal, good food, plenty of fresh 
milk for children, with park amusements close at hand, 
account for the increasing popularity of the resort. 

The number of persons, however, who visited the park this 
year, through this channel, is only a small percentage of the 
erand total of six million visitors. 


The Old Pienie Grounds 


are located in the West Woods, skirting the long meadow, 
between the Third and Ninth street entrances. The grounds 
have been overtaxed and worn out by constant use, no care 
having been given to the resuscitation of the soil. Much 
damage has consequently been done to the trees, especially 
the chestnuts, which largely predominate. Nearly all these 
noble trees are dead at the top. 


‘DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 7 


By continued walking the grass has been worn away, and 
the ground has become hard enough to turn water. Until this 
season the soil has had constant use for fifteen years, 
having had no rest or nourishment and but little mois- 
ture. The steep descent of the surface sheds. off the 
water on the hillsides from the roots of the trees and leaves 
them unnourished. To allow this to continue would result 
in killing the trees and disfiguring the park, as this skirting 
of the west woods on the long meadow is’ one of its 
finest features. To save this native woodland and not deprive 
the public of the pleasure of picnics was a question the 
Commissioners had to meet. It was decided by making 
new picnic grounds in parts of the park that had not yet 
been finished and that were not used by the public. This 
necessitated a large amount of work upon them. They were 
finished at last in time to give relief and rest to most of 
the old grounds. There has recently been hauled and placed 
on these premises a large quantity of good top dressing. In 
the spring it will be worked into the soil, levelled off, and sown 
in grass. It should then have two years’ rest before being 
used again. Nearly all the trees in this section have had the 
tops sawed out on showing signs of decay when they should 
have been nourished and had the cause removed. They are 
old forest trees, from fifty to two hundred years of age, and 
cannot be replaced in a generation. Many of them show signs 
of rough treatment before they were owned by the city, caused 
either by wanton mischief on the part of some one or by 
‘rattle biting the bark when the grass was snowed under. ‘The 
last theory is the more probable, as the barked and decayed 
parts are near the ground. The wood of the chestnut trees in 
the park seems to be quite brash. Nearly every severe storm 
robs these trees of some of their branches. The severe storm 
in the latter part of August last did considerable damage and 
was confined almost exclusively to these particular trees. 

In the selection of sites for the new picnic grounds, the 
close proximity of shelter and toilet accommodations was of 
ereat importance. Itso happened that two large pieces of 


5) 


18 REPORT OF THE 


unimproved woodland stood hard by the two principal 
shelters and they were consequently selected: one, the Litch- 
field grove on the south side of the Litchfield mansion, just, 
back or west of the present picnic shelter, thus having double 
shelter accommodation; the other, on the wooded heights 
back of the Dairy cottage. There are excellent public con- 
veniences in the adjacent structures, and the cottage is not 
more than one hundred feet from the woods. This noble, 
rugged and historic piece of virgin woodland stood completely 
isolated and unused. Very few knew of its existence. It was 
known by the uninviting name of Snake Hill. It is now quite 
accessible and was named by the Commissioners in com- 
memoration of Major General John Sullivan, who commanded 
at this place in the battle of Long Isiand. 


Sullivan Leig hts Picnie Woods. 


These woods contain about twenty acres of virgin forest. 
They stand out on a high ridge containing a large number of 
huge boulders. Being unfitted for farming purposes this spot 
escaped the ax of the thrifty Dutch settlers. It contains the 
largest specimens of trees in the Park, some of which measure 
eleven feet around the trunk. The old forest trees abound, 
such as the white, red and black oak, hickory, chestnut, black 
birch, black beach and tulip trees. 

This ridge commences at Battle Pass on the East drive and 
extends through to the Nethermead arches. The woods lie 
between the “ East drive in the woods” and the Bridle path 
in the ravine. 

A substantial new bridge (see cut), called Valley Grove 
Bridge, connects the Dairy Cottage with Sullivan Heights. It 
is fifty-five feet long, twelve feet wide and eighteen feet high. 
Its supporting timbers are made from Prospect Park trees, 
found felled by the Commissioners when they took office. A 
twelve-foot wide walk has been made from this bridge through 
the woods to Music Grove. The boulders from the crest of 
the ridge have been utilized in terracing the hill sides into 


Nat od wes 
7 a) 
vaanty ef 

Sy shy? 


OVI liVan Neiebty 
Pienie 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 19 


small parapets, thus preserving the historical association and 
appearance of the place. The rock in the foundation of the 
music stand was blasted here and proved to be of good quality. 
About one quarter of these woodland heights has been improved 
for picnic purposes, with swings, tables, &c. These grounds are 
capable of accommodating twenty thousand people. The shade 
is deep, and the elevation being high, the spot is delightfully 
cool. As this historic height will be largely devoted to the 
youth of Brooklyn, inasmuch as the battle of Long Island forms 
a part of their historical studies, it may not be amiss to locate 
some of its points of interest for the thrones of children that 
shall visit it. This report is as likely to be read by the young as 
the old in the household, for children love to hear and read all 
about those places which their little feet have visited. 


The Battle of Long Island 


was fought on the morning of August 27, 1776, on our 
outer line of defence, which was the high, heavily wooded 
ridge that passes through Greenwood and Prospect Park, to 
Ridgewood. General Greene, who had planned the fortifi- 
cations, was taken sick about the middle of August, and 
General Sullivan was placed in command. The English, with 
their hired Hessian hordes, landed 23,000 men, a larger 
force than was expected. General Washington hurried over 
reinforcements from New York, making an army of 5,000 men. 
Three days before the battle he placed General Putnam in 
charge. Under him General Stirling commanded the right 
wing in Greenwood and General Sullivan the left in 
Prospect Park. Sullivan was much incensed with his supersed- 
ure, as he held the same rank as Putnam, or Greene, and hay- 
ing had more time to study the situation was convinced how 
the English would make the attack and adyised accordingly. 
His advice, however, was not taken. The army was flanked at 
the extreme left, just as he predicted, by way of the Old 
King’s Highway pass, near the Evergreen Cemetery. The 
larger part of the English army, under Howe and Cornwallis, 
marched down to the centre of Brooklyn before the Americans 


20 REPORT OF THE 


knew that their flank had been turned. Then took place the 
worst rout and massacre of the war. One half of the Ameri- 
can army was lost in those killed and taken prisoners. His- 
tory records many brave deeds that were performed prior to 
and during the battle. There are also in existence minute 
records showing the part which the old settlers of this portion 
of Long Island took in gaining the independence of our 
country. A minority wére brave and patriotic and did their 
duty, but the majority were tories of the worst type and did 
all that was in their power to prevent the country from having 
its freedom. 

The troops that took part on our side were from Pennsyl- 
rania, Maryland, Delaware and Connecticut. The Long Island 
militia, which were thought to have been at the Bedford Pass, 
were at Jamaica Plains herding cattle and knew nothing of the 
battle. These Lone Island tories are said to have formed 
themselves into a regiment in the few days during which the 
Enelish had landed, and fought under the English General 
Grant against General Stirling at Greenwood Heights. 

The British advance was expected by either the Gowanus 
road on the shore, or the old Flatbush road through Valley 
Grove in the Park, or both. General Sullivan’s foree command- 
ing the pass at Valley Grove consisted of three regiments and a 
small battery, stationed as follows: Colonel Hands, Penn- 
sylvania Rifle Battalion, on the right of the pass, covering the 
crest of Sullivan Heights. On the left, looking toward Flat- 
bush, close to the East Drive, is a small round top hill, now 
covered with a clump of thrifty pine trees. This is the site of 
the two gun battery redoubt; its position enfilading the old 
Flatbush Road in both directions, as well as the Porte Road 
to Gowanus, which branched off at that juncture. From this 
point on the ridge crossing Flatbush avenue, to the East Side 
lands, lay the Connecticut Regiment commanded by Colonel 
Parsons. Beyond this, to the Clove Road, was stationed 
Colonel Miles’ Pennsylvania Regiment. 

On August 22d the Hessian division of the English forces, 
under command of General DeHeister, 8,000 strong, occupied 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. Milk 


Flatbush. On the night of the 28d Colonel Hand made 
w sortie from the picnic grounds through the wood, where the 
music stand now is, to the west side of Flatbush. Here 
he attacked Colonel Donop’s yagers while they were asleep 
and killed a number of them. On the night of the 26th the 
attack was repeated, being the fourth skirmish. A number of 
houses were burned, among which was the Leffert Lefferts’ 
residence. On the memorable morning of August 27th, 
De Heister advanced upon the lines, but did not press the fight 
until the guns of Cornwallis rang out in the rear. They then 
rushed upon Sullivan’s command like so many demons and 
eave no quarter. Sullivan’s position was nearly surrounded, 
He had to contend with four times his ntmbers in the front, 
and six times as many inthe rear. The result of the battle 
was a stampede and a massacre. Colonel Hands’ men, seeing 
that no quarter was given by Colonel Donop’s yagers, sold their 
lives dearly. The brave colonel succeeded in cutting his way 
through unhurt, and was given the post of honor by Washing- 
ton on the night of the 29th, when the evacuation was made 
from the island. The brave Colonel Parsons, when there was 
no hope left, succeeded in concealing himself in a dense morass 
that was close at hand, and thus escaped. This foss has since 
been dug out and now forms part of the lake in the deer 
paddock. General Sullivan was taken prisoner, but soon after 
exchanged. Colonel Miles was also captured. He does not 
leave an enviable record for bravery in this engagement. 

In constructing the park at Battle Pass the bones of some 
of Connecticut’s brave sons, who died in the defense of this 
redoubt, were found, together with some cannon balls. 

A case of great bravery is recorded of John Callender of 
Massachusetts, who voluntarily took command of the battery 
when the captain and lieutenant were killed. General Wash- 
ington personally complimented him for brayery. On the 
opposite side of the road, toward Valley Grove, stood the 
monumental Dongan charter oak, which was felled across the 
road on the morning of the battle. 


22, REPORT OF THE 


The projectors of Prospect Park pledged to the people of 
Brooklyn that the historic features of that sacred spot should 
be properly cared for and the site of the redoubt preserved. 

This has not been done and there is nothing to designate it. 
On the contrary it has been changed in the development of 
the park so that itis much less prominent than it origimally 
was. 

In commemoration of this spot a bronze tablet has been 
placed) upon a large boulder near by. The inscription, how- 
ever, upon this tablet is imeorrect, the distance being in- 
accurately stated. A public house of later prominence is 
mentioned, but nothing said about the redoubt. 

This bluff is the site where the English and the United 
States regular organized armies first met, each having its 
commander-in-chief close at hand. Thousands of lyes were 
offered up that day on that smoking altar to freedom, while as 
many more, less fortunate ones, found their way into those 
living hells—the English prison ships. As there was no en- 
gagement and no blood spilled at Fort Putnam (now Fort 
Greene) where the martyrs’ tomb stands in Washington Park, 
is not Battle Pass mound the right spot where finally 
to place at rest the bones of the martyrs and _ erect 
the proposed national monument? A thousand persons 
would see’ it here, where scarcely a score would see 
it in Washington Park. It is a culminatory point of 
woodland and meadow, of lawn and precipice, of water and 
shrubbery, and needs a central commanding object to complete 
the picture. The soil stained with the blood of brothers who 
died in the same cause is the pall that should cover their 
bones, and it could rear its head in honor of both martyrs and 
heroes. Itis to be hoped that Congress will not longer delay 
to place over the bones of these heroic martyrs, whose lives 
were sacrificed in the cause of freedom, each suffering more 
than a hundred deaths for the liberty we now enjoy, a suitable 
and noble monument. Commingled indiscriminately in the 
mortuary pile are the bones of patriots from most of the 
original States. They have been saved by a patriotic few for 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. Dey 


the time when the National Government feels able and sees fit 
to render an act of justice long delayed. Is there not money 
enough in the treasury? Is the present generation ungrate- 
ful? Is patriotism dead? ‘The chorus of a myriad voices from 
victims that were murdered calls from out the grave to the 
Fiftieth Congress for recognition, in commemoration of the 
ereatest suffering endured at any period in the war for 
independence. 

In fact, history does not record an instance in which ¢ reilived 
nations have been at war, when prisoners were treated with 
such indignity and cruelty as England inflicted upon these 
revolutionary captives on board her prison ships. It was only 
a matter of so many days, or weeks, as to how long the 
strongest constitution could survive.  Barbarism furnishes 
but few cases where the torture was more complete. 

In commemorating the name of General Sullivan on the 
heights that overlook the site of the redoubt in Battle Pass, it 
is at least a grateful reminiscence that during the remainder of 
the war Sullivan did not meet with any more such experiences. 
He was one of the six brigadrer generals that were first 
appointed by Congress at Philadelphia; he was Washington’s 
trusted friend ; he fought in most of the battles under him, 
was governor of his native State, New Hampshire, and had all 
the honors conferred on him that the State could give. He 
planned and executed the first direct act of hostility against 
England by taking possession of the fort near Portsmouth, 
imprisoning the garrison and securing one hundred barrels of 
powder, fifteen cannon and a number of small arms. This was 
four months before the battle of Lexington and Patrick 
Henry’s exploit in Virginia. In view of these facts the 
appropriateness of this name for the picnic woods is obvious. 


24 REPORT OF THE 
The Litchfield Picnic ‘Grove, 


as before stated, is near the old Litchfield mansion, from which 
it takes its name. It is in the rear of the old picnic wood, on 
the long meadow, separated from it only by the west drive, 
thus placing the new grounds on the west drive of it, which 
formerly bordered it on the east. 

The refreshment shelter in the old grounds is convyeni- 
ently near to the new. It has an area of about eight 
acres and is admirably adapted for small picnics, especially 
where there are little children. It occupies a_ secluded 
locality, not lable to be disturbed when there are large 
numbers in the park. It is guarded on the western side by 
the Ninth avenue fence, on the southern by a fence to be built, 
enclosing the stable yards and sheds, on the east it is planted 
in with shrubbery from the West drive, on the north it is 
overlooked by the police station at the department head- 
quarters. The grove, lawn and valleys are as fine as any in 
the park (see plate which shows one section). The Commis- 
sioners have decided that these grounds are suitable and safe 
for young children to have their picnics on. They were 
nearly finished during the past year, and were pushed as far 
as the limited means at the command of the Commissioners 
would allow. This year it is proposed to complete them, and 
furnish them with the necessary swings, tables, rustic seats, 
shelter, drinking fountain. &c. A picnic ground of this char- 
acter has long been needed, where parents would feel at ease 
in having their little children secure from being run over by 
vehicles or bycicles, or hurt by large children and adults in 
their games or plays. The Station officer who grants the 
permits would thus have a large portion of the grounds in 
view of his office. The change in the appearance of these 
erounds is such that a person would hardly believe the place 
to be the same. This section has been used for a long time as 
a dumping ground for all sorts of things. It was the place 
where, in keeping the park in order, any and everything 
that was unsightly was hid away. Many things that were 


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DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. pas 


good and useful were also stowed away there and _ for- 
gotten. So, among the sweepings, leaves, ordure, brush, 
dead trees, timber and lumber, were run in, wagons, sleds, 
sleighs, scrapers, rollers and all sorts of utensils and imple- 
ments used in the park. All this mass of rubbish rotted and 
enriched the ground so much that a dense undergrowth sprang 
up and hid all these things from view, so that they were tor- 
gotten, choking and killing many of the fine trees there. ‘This 
tangle of briars, weeds, bushes and vines was so dense in 
many places that a bird or rabbit could not get through it. 
Parts of it were very unsightly and other parts when in full 
foliage, very picturesque. ‘There were a number of places 
where holes or paths were cut in it into which persons could 
crawl, but could not walk. It was currently rumored that a 
number of workmen were in the habit of retiring to this place, 
after answering roll-call, to play cards and drink. In 
cold weather the adjoining sheds and stable buildings were 
used instead. This dense, overgrown, secluded tangle, soon 
became known to the vicious and wicked and was in great de- 
mand for immoral purposes. Some of the Commissioners 
heard of it, and on investigation found such a state of things 
to be true. And this den of infamy was within sight and hear- 
ing of innocent children in the picnic woods adjoinimg. The 
Commissioners at once discussed the matter and decided to 
break it up immediately. Inasmuch as the old picnic grounds 
had to have rest, and this site possessed all the requirements 
necessary to make a good picnic grove, it was decided to use it 
for this purpose. The Superintendent was instructed what to 
do, and to do it as soon as possible. It was an undertaking of 
some size, but it was pushed with vigor. The valley on the 
left (see plate) is where old Fifth street was. It has a sewer 
running through it connecting with the picnic shelter. A new 
sewer was laid through the valley, draining it off to the right. 
This sewer is to be extended to the stables and surrounding 
buildings so as to secure proper drainage. 

In the clearing out of this thicket, in removing dead trees 
as well as the surplusage of ill-shaped and overcrowded ones, 


t 


26 REPORT OF THE 


the Commissioners felt satisfied in the consciousness that they. 
were performing the duty of their office, besides morally 
benefiting the city at large by removing a rendezvous of vice, 
and iniquity. 

It was this particular spot in the park that some time ago 
provoked a bitter and prolonged newspaper attack, that 
afforded the Commissioners no little gentle amusement. It is 
scarcely necessary to add that inasmuch as all such animad- 
versions were not addressed to the Commissioners through the 
proper channel of communication, they have declined to take 
the shehtest notice of them, feeling that all such controversy 
whatsoever would be entirely beneath them. 

The Committee beg to thank the general public for the warm 
approval and encouragement bestowed upon their action in 
this matter as well as for the appreciation, so often expressed, 
of the beautified and greatly improved condition of the place. 


The Beecher Monument. 


The selection of a suitable site on which to erect the monu- 
ment that is to honor the memory of Brooklyn’s great and 
oifted citizen, Henry Ward Beecher, is a subject that naturally 
has occasioned much discussion. Inasmuch as such a site is 
soon to be decided upon, the suggestions here offered may 
have a timely bearing upon a matter in which all of us feel so 
deeply interested. 

The site should be selected before the design or base of the 
monument are decided upon, as they should be made to harmo- 
nize with the surroundings. The location of the site should also 
harmonize as much as possible with the hfe and character of 
the monumental man that if commemorates. It should be a 
characteristic as well as a commanding one. 

In view of the fact that the proposed monument will, in all 
probability, be placed in some city park or square, so that it 
will eventually come under the protection of the Park Depart- 
ment, the Commissioners have considered the whole matter 
very carefully, and the Committee appointed for the purpose 
have studied the subject specially. Asa result of such delib- 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. Bite 


erations, they beg to present for earnest consideration, as the 
choicest and most appropriate spot that can be selected, the 
post of honor at the main entrance of Prospect Park. This 
site is conspicuously located at the divergence of the Hast and 
West drives, exactly facing down the line to the main entrance 
from the plaza. It would be necessary to raise a small mound 
on which the monument should stand, so that it would be 
slightly elevated above the level of the drives. Around this 
mound a cireular walk could be laid, with a stone-edged bed 
of choice flowers on either side. 

Such site would be conspicuously commanding. ‘This is the 
first trait of coincidence that it should possess. Mr. Beecher 
was alike a conspicuous and commanding figure, from every 
point of view, physically, mentally, spiritually. He impressed 
men instantly. The site proposed, with its instant rather than 
long-protracted approach, is an appropriate one. 

Such a site is easily accessible to all. It is pre-eminently a 
people’s site. Mr. Beecher was a man of the people. He was 
a man among men. He was a citizen of the world and he 
lived for universal humanity. He stood for many years upon 
the broad platform of liberty and love, open to all creeds, all 
churches, all denominations. He was constantly surrounded 
by a great multitude. He stood as one of old at the gates of 
the city. 

Such a site is no less strikinely appropriate, from the fact 
that, while it faces in one direction the busy hfe of the city, it 
faces in the other the quiet of repose. Myr. Beecher stood at 
imminent periods of peril in the life of the nation and faced 
calmly the buffetings of opposition and the uproar of con- 
troversy. Butin the midst of the most conflicting cireum- 
stances he was calm. He looked on trouble. He also looked 
upon tranquility. 

Such a sight gathers round it those natural objects of beauty 
so dearly loved and so exquisitely described by the great, kind 
man. ‘The birds would sing for him, the trees bend over him 
kindly, the flowers bloom, the sun smile across his face as he 
was said to smile at the thought of death, the leaves whisper 


28 REPORT OF THE ; 


as if echoing his innumerable thoughts. For why should he 
stop preaching? There, at the entrance of this great cathedral 
of nature and of art, with seats strewn about him in rustic 
simphecity on which the worshipers should rest, where flow- 
ers should breathe and little children should be brought to 
him once more as if for baptism or blessing, where pondering 
congregations could gather on the quiet Sabbath, there, just 
beyond the boundary of creeds and churches and clanging fae- 
tions, where all could come without money and without price, 
the old times would be lived over again, for there he would 
stand and preach with his flowers among the people, with lips 
silent, yet for that speaking, with eye fixed, yet for that more 
watchful, with hand lost to cunning, yet for that more impres- 
sive than impassioned gesture whether lifted for solemn warn- 
ing or lingering benediction. 

In connection with the subject of monumental sites 1t might 
be well here to add that there are some good ones for group 
pieces on either side of the drive from the main entrance to 
the site selected for Mr. Beecher. 

The National Soldiers and Sailors’ monument will in all 
probability be erected in City Hall Square. Had a much 
larger sum been procured so that a large and elaborate mon- 
ument could be erected and the surroundings improved, the 
site of the fountain in the plaza would have been very 
appropriate. 

The site for the national monument to be erected to the 
memory of the martyrs who died on the English prison ships 
is referred to under the head of “ Pienies, &e.” 


The Plaxa 
is certainly a great failure. No one cares to cross it. It 
is devoid of all life and is a stony waste. It is suggest- 
ive of Siberia in winter and Sahara in summer. ‘The noble 
statue of Lincoln is dwarfed and made dismal by the 
surroundings. In life Lincoln was cheerful, but at night, 
around his monument, to add to the dreariness of the place, 
sounds the sad soughing of the surrounding pine trees. A 


JY doT Saar], Gme 
‘HAOUD OISNW Q chosen Sein 


—— 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 29 


park entrance should be inviting and not repellant. What 
could have been the landscape gardener’s idea of such a large 
amount of street and pavement? The entrance drive to the 
park has to accommodate all the vehicles. Why thirty times 
as much outside? Why build those circular mounds to hide it 
from view? Brooklyn had no public garden, and needed one. 
The natural lay of the ground before it was changed was 
good. Near the main entrance of the park is the correct 
place to have one. Had the architect seen fit to make Plaza 
street a wide eliptical drive, connecting with all the city 
streets it came in contact with, but crossed by none, shaded 
with fine trees, &c., the entire elliptical centre concaved instead 
of ridged with mounds, so that every part could be seen from 
the drive and the walks—had he, with plants, flowers, grass 
and shrubbery, laid out a public garden—had all this been 
done it would have been an eminently proper place for the 
Lincoln monument. An excellent example may be seen on a 
larger scale at Boston in its public garden. 

The improvement of West Plaza street by giving the proper 
erade and levels, has now become a necessity, and cannot be 
delayed longer without doing great injustice to adjacent 
property owners. Still the Committee feel that it would be 
continuing a‘great mistake. The question what to do with the 
Plaza will soon press as urgently as just now that other 
question, what to do with the east side lands. It looks to us, 
to say the least, as if a serious financial blunder has been 
made. 


The New Musie Stand. 


During the year 1883, the Board of Estimate appropriated 
$12,500 toward new construction for the year 1887. The Com- 
missioners were painstaking im their discrimination as to what 
constructions were really most needed. Foremost among the 
things that the Board deemed necessary was a durable and 
appropriate music stand. The old one had rotted down and 
the surrounding space was found to be too small to accom- 
modate the yearly increasing influx of people to these concerts. 


30 REPORT OF THE 


The proper site in the park on which to erect a music stand 
was very thoroughly discussed by the Commissioners. 

Music Island, which was the spot originally designed by the 
architect for the pagoda was thoroughly tested. A temporary 
stand was erected there on which several concerts were given. 
So far as the acoustic effects were concerned the experiment 
was finally declared a failure. The sound of the music, how- 
ever, as enjoyed by the people in the boats at some distance 
from the Island, was delightful. 

The design of the new music pagoda is. peculiar and ap- 
propriate to the place. It has the shape and general ap- 
pearance of a fort provided with angled corners and 
loop-hole windows. The rock out of which it was built is 
from the hallowed ground of Sullivan Heights. Behind these 
very rocks and boulders our brave revolutionary forefathers 
fought the Hessian hordes. The site itself on which the 
pagoda now stands was traversed by brave men fighting stub- 
bornly in freedoms cause. As no structure of such a char- 
acter has been erected at Battle Pass, it seemed appropriate, 
as this site was hard by, and as the material brought to it had 
been used in the defense of its territory, that its identity 
should receive incorporation in some permanent and appro- 
priate form. 'The Commissioners therefore decided that the 
foundation or base should partake of the shape of a fortifica- 
tion. In the massive foundation, as so constructed, it is in- 
tended to provide lockers and conveniences for the storage of 
sets of lawn tennis, croquet, &c. The games are played upon 
the Nethermead. 

The upper part of the structure is made yery durable, rest- 
ing upon twelve substantial posts. The sounding board in the 
ceiling was designed and made with great care and has proved 
a ereat success, as the distance at which the music can be dis- 
tinctly heard is three times as great as it formerly was. The 

site on which the pagoda stands was surrounded until a recent 
period with a dense growth of underwood and evergreen, skirt- 
ing on Lily-pond Lake and Binnenwater Stream. This has all 
been removed, the trees trimmed up and a clearing made, ex- 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. ' at 


tending five or six hundred feet in all directions, making a 
beautiful and extended grove. A walk has been laid around 
the pagoda, other walks have also been laid, diverging in many 
directions from it. 

Across Binnenwater stream there are two drives, with open 
clearing through a levelled space, making an admirable con- 
course ground for vehicles, whose occupants can remain seated 
while listening to the music. The carriages, during the intervals, 
can continue in motion, circling round the loop of drives, or 
stand still, at the pleasure of their occupants. Across the 
Binnenwater is thrown a new rustic bridge which shows to 
ereat advantage, and which is a favorite resort for those who 
love to stand and listen to the sound of the music a little way 
off when softened by the intervening distance. The sone of 
the near waterfall is a pretty running accompaniment. The 
music stand itself is located between two small lakes which 
are connected by a gracefully winding stream, showing three 
plashing cascades, adding greatly to the picturesqueness of the 
whole scene. 

By the time that the next summer's concerts are given the 
pagoda will be painted and handsomely decorated. Its capac- 
ity 1s adequate for the accommodation of sixty-five musicians. 
With the extension of the grove twenty-five thousand people 
can gather within the circular space surrounding the pagoda 
and listen to the music. 

Fifteen Saturday afternoon concerts were given last season. 
The first was on June 4th and the last was on September 24th. 
They were remarkably well patronized, and, so far as we have 
been able to learn, appreciated. The music was under the 
direction of Conterno and the musical selections were rendered 
by a band of thirty-two pieces. An appropriation in excess of 
former years was asked for, as there are a very large number 
of people in Brooklyn who are fond of music and who are 
strongly in favor of bi-weekly concerts. The introduction at 
these concerts of some accomplished singer, supported by the 
orchestra, as is done with such fine effect at the beach pagoda, 
would add immensely to the interest of these park concerts. 


raped REPORT OF THE 


There has also been a great and steadily growing demand for 
Sabbath afternoon concerts, such as also are listened to with 
such solemn effect at the Manhattan Beach pagoda. There 
is a large class of music-loving working people who cannot 
attend the Saturday afternoon concerts who have begged 
piteously that Sunday music be provided and that they shall 
not be denied, in a lite that has too often little in it of relaxa- 
tion or rest, the comfort and the hope that music inspires in 


the weary heart. 


Tleadquarters Park Department ; 
OLD LITCHFIELD MANSION, PROSPECT PARK. 


This massive castellated mansion is located near the Third 
street entrance on Ninth avenue, upon a commanding eleva- 
tion. It is conveniently adapted, by virtue of its location and 
construction for the administration offices of the Park Depart- 
ment During the past year the structure has been entirely 
painted on the outside, while on the interior many of its rooms 
have been put in order so as to serve the purposes of the 
Department. The appropriation of $2,500 has been allowed 
for the present year toward completing the interior of the 
building, with a view of receiving into it that part of the 
Department now having its headquarters at the City Hall, 
thereby saving in the item of clerical help and dispatching the 
business to be transacted. 

There are several rooms in this commodious mansion which 
have been set apart for the purpose of collecting a cabinet of 
curiosities, with the ulterior object in view of finally expand- 
ing such a collection into a museum that shall include within 
itself the different departments of natural history. One of 
these rooms has been fitted up with cases for the reception of 
the fine collection of shells presented to the Department 
through the kindness of Mr. C. B. Nichols, of Brooklyn. 

In one of the upper rooms of this building the meteorolgical 


oftices are located. 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 30 


The Police Department is quartered in the lower part of 
the building. 

Some of the finest specimens of fresco painting and tiling, 
done by celebrated Itahan artists at great expense, are to be 
seen in this old building. 

The surroundings of this building have been materially 
improved in many particulars, in the trimming of trees that 
needed it, and the removal of unsightly or decaying ones, 1n 
repairing the walks and also constructing new ones, in leat ing 
out flower beds, &c. The view to the south has been greatly 
beautified and extended by the improvements elsewhere de- 
scribed as haying been made in the new Litchfield Picnic 
Grove. 


Walks in Prospect Park. 


The walks in this park are generally in about as bad a con- 
dition as they well could be. At the time when the park was 
laid out most of these walks were made of asphaltum. ‘This 
substance was not as well understood then as it is now, and 
proved to be by no means durable. In many instances it has 
rotted entirely away, leaving a black dust and a discoloration 
on the gravel and pebbles that composed its contents. Many 
of these walks have been relaid and resurfaced and are again 
in nearly as bad condition as before. The proper tests that 
should have been applied in the expenditure of the city’s 
money seem to have been wanting. 

During the past year the Commissioners have had short 
sections of different kinds of walks laid by different contractors 
at several points, so as to determine which one was the best 
suited for the park, when the necessary appropriation should 
be made for such construction. 

Properly to resurface and put in good order all the hard 
surface walks of the park would require about 60,000. 

The sum of $12,500 has been appropriated this year for this 
purpose, or less than one quarter of the required amount. 
There is also an appropriation of $2,500 for new walks 

5 


34 REPORT OF THE 


in Prospect Park. Many of these new walks are needed. The 
people, when passing through the park, have not followed the 
winding walk laid down by the architect, but by many devious 
routes have invariably taken the shortest cuts to those points 
of interest as well as to those buildings which they wished to 
reach. Notably, in passing from the Picnic Shelter to the 
Dairy Cottage there is a constant stream of people crossing the 
meadow at this point. Such travel soon wears away the green 
and leaves it in many places so shabby and trampled out that 
it is impossible to maintain it. It is therefore proposed to 
construct a new walk across the meadow at this point. The 
walk at some distance above, across the meadow, which was 
originally intended to accomplish the same end, is scarcely ever 
used, and might better be returned to lawn. 

Another walk is badly needed from the head of the upper 
lake at the trout pool across to Nethermead. The amount 
appropriated is insufficient to carry out this project. In the 
construction of the new picnic grounds and music grove, a 
number of new walks were partly made, which are quite 
serviceable as they are. They represent, however, merely the 
foundation of a good walk, and can be used as they are until 
sufficient means shall be provided to complete them. They are 
constructed as follows: An excavation is dug for the bed of the 
walk of the proper width required, to a depth of twelve inches. 
In this bed a layer of sand is spread on which cobblestones are 
laid, as in a city street.. On these stones are strewn black 
boiler ashes, which are raked in and rolled down, making a 
hard smooth walk. Many persons have expressed themselves 
as preferring these walks to the asphalt pavement. They can 
be used in this condition until an appropriation is made for 
their completion, when they may be covered with granolithic 
asphalt. Under a year or two's use they will settle down into 
a permanent road-bed. The cobblestones and ashes used in 
these beds for the walks were found in the park in making the 
the new picnic grounds and other new improvements ; 6,470 
running feet of new walks, varying from 5 to 13 feet in width, 
have been made. 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 


One of the larger and more prominent walks of this kind 
runs from Music Grove through, to and over Sullivan Heights 
and terminates at Dairy Cottage, crossing Music Grove and 
Valley Grove bridges—two new constructions that have been 
made in the last year. Other walks have been constructed at 
the Litchfield Pienie Grove, the Music Grove, the Plaza 
entrance, and the Willinck entrance. There are many beauti- 
ful and hidden spots in Prospect Park that are lost to the 
public, from the fact of their being inaccessible, owing to the 
want of any path or walk by which to reach them. 

Several structures have been erected in the park since its 
original construction. The walks bearing upon such structures 
have not been studied. Such a study would necessitate 
changes in walks already made, and would likewise call for 
new ones not as yet on the map. 

Twenty years of development in Brooklyn have clearly 
shown that the width of some of the walks in the Park is 
utterly insufficient to accommodate the vast thrones that pass 
over their pavements. A notable case of this is the walk lead- 
ing from the Willinck entrance around to the boat-house. There 
are many times when it is simply impossible for the jostling 
crowd that surges over this walk to be kept to the pavement. 
The high bank on either side is completely worn bare by per- 
sons who would much prefer to use the walk if *t were not in 
an overcrowded condition. We have thus glanced hurriedly 
at some of the most needed walks for the park, and we have 
also specitied the improvements which should be made in con- 
nection with the old ones tor the better accommodation of the 


public. 
= Dn 
Occan Parkway. 


Opening out of the southwesterly corner of the park, skirting 
the beautiful village of Flatbush and afterward passing 
through the lovely hamlet of Parkville, runs the famous Ocean 
Parkway straight down to the sea. It is five and a half miles 
long, 210 feet wide and slopes gradually down to the Coney 
Island Concourse. This bread drive is principally used as a 


36 REPORT OF THE 


pleasure drive, although on a fine afternoon it is a favorite 
resort for the notables of the town who own fast trottters. 
The driving is increasing at a very rapid rate. 

Three-quarters of a million dollars were originally expended 
in the construction of this drive. It is a graveled roadway 
mixed with sandy loam, which makes a soft elastic course for 
speeding horses. Property along the Ocean Parkway is 
steadily appreciating in value, and with a seaside park at 
Coney Island connected with Prospect Park by this great 
thoroughfare it is not liable to decline. 

A large number of people much prefer this beautiful drive 
out of the city, through the park, down the parkway to the 
ocean, than to be whisked down in the ears and landed on the 
beach in a dusty ride of about fifteen minutes. The day will 
come when this great avenue of approach to the ocean will be 
all built up along its line with a fine class of hotels and 
residences. The cost of maintenance is greatly increased in 
view of the fact that it is not a concreted road. Its surface 
has to be constantly watered in the summer and the thirsty 
sand drinks up the water as fast as it is sprinkled upon it. 
Some idea of the large number of gallons of water consumed 
daily on this roadway may thus be gained. 

The bridge over Coney Island Creek on this Iighway is 
rotten and in‘a very dangerous condition. ‘There should be a 
new bridge built there, with iron girders, and-stone butments. 
The appropriation for the Ocean Parkway for the next year 
is $15,000. 


Eastern Parkway. 


While naturally the main tide of travel will sweep down 
Ocean Parkway to the sea, nevertheless there is, so far as the 
veographical features are concerned, no comparison between 
these two roadways. The Eastern Parkway, from the time 
that it leaves Bedford avenue where the great crowd of car- 
riages pours into it from the Kastern District, is an unfolding 
series of splendid yiews as you rise higher and higher upon it. 
There is nothing else like the views from this boulevard in 


Aa erry 


“USLTAHS HONVULNA MNITIIM FHL 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. Bf 


the world. In sight of seven waters, overlooking three great 
cities, 210 feet in width, planted with eight rows of trees, 
through which run three drives macadamized with the Bel- 
eian pavement at a cost of over a million dollars, two and a 
half miles long, although not connected with any particular 
point of destination it rises steadily back on ‘the high ridge of 
Long Island, a climax of natural wonders. The advantages of 
this great highway, if its metropolitan pathway’ were prolonged 
from the reservoir to Jamaica, for becoming the greatest 
boulevard in the world are beyond question. An appropri- 
ation of $5,000 has been eranted for its maintenance during 
the coming year. 


The New Shelter al Willinek Entrance. 


A new and much needed shelter of attractive appearance has 
been built at this largely used entrance during the past Sum- 
mer. This shelter is erected only for the accommodation of 
women and children. The structure for men will be erected 
further on between the entrance and the boat-house. The 
number of people entering the park at this point is greater by 
two-thirds than that at any other park’ entrance. The ears 
from central Brooklyn, and especially the Eastern District, 
bring great crowds to this gateway. When such crowds pour 
in here as attend the Saturday concerts, skating pond, &e., the 
walk is utterly unable to accommodate the people who press 
oyer its pavement to reach the point of desired destination. 
The crowd breaks over the banks and does much damage to 
the grass and tender vines, shrubs and flowers. We have else- 
where recommended the widening of this walk. In the original 
purchase of the park the people of the Eastern District de- 
clined to share with the people of the Western District in 
bearing part of the taxes necessary for the maintenance of the 
parkt This was on the understanding that the Eastern Dis- 
trict was to have a park of its own. This it has never had. 
At the same time it is a fact that the park is more largely 
patronized through the Willinck entrance by the people of the 
Eastern District than by any other part of the city. 


38 REPORT OF THE 
The Parade Ground. 


This space is used at present not only for military parades, 
but also for baseball, lacrosse and other games. During the 
past year the Second Brigade, under General McCleer, was 
reviewed on October 12th by Governor Hill. On September 3d, 
the Thirteenth Regiment was here reviewed. A fence is being 
built around these grounds that is to take the place of the old 
one, which was rotten and broken down in many places. 

The parade ground, in our judgement, is not large enough for 
all these purposes. Its area should be broadened so as to 
afford a larger ground for parades and for games. The number 
of people who attend these games increases yearly. ‘To this 
end we recommend the purchase of all that tract of land lying 
on the opposite side of Caton street, which can now be pur- 
chased at a reasonable figure. On this enlarged ground games 
which are too severe for the tender sward of the meadows of 
the park could be played with impunity. 


The North Cireut Drive of Lake. 


This drive would be less than 1,800 feet in leneth to build 
and would open up the grandest and most picturesque part of 
the park to the driving public. It would be an extension of 
Breeze Hill drive, which is seldom used, connecting it with 
the West Lake drive on the western side of the park at the 
head of the large lake. It would also bring into general use 
the Nethermead Circuit drive, which intersects it near the 
proposed new terrace bridge. Persons driving in the park 
usually take the east drive and pass to the south of the lake. 
Until recently, however, since the shrubbery has been thinned 
out, they have not been able to enjoy this lovely view. In the 
design of the park there is no piece of shore road on this 
large and beautiful sheet of water. The plantations between 
the drive and the lake onthe south were so dense as entirely 
to obscure the water view. On the west the view is nearly as 
much intercepted. By turning into Breeze Hill drive, just 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 39 


before reaching the pedestrian concourse or flower garden, 
one would have an elevated drive across the park on the north 
side of the lake, having almost a continuous view of its 
different parts, as well as overlooking the Nethermead, the 
peninsula, and passing under to the south of the towering 
heights of Look Out Hill. Breeze Hill with its concourse, 
is a plateau of some elevation and is quite picturesque, being 
a peninsula lying between the Lullwater and the upper end of 
the large lake, overlooking the pedestrian concourse. It 
rises from the valley into a breezy headland (from which it 
takes its name) and would afford a splendid view, were it not 
for the fact that it is so densely planted with evergreen trees 
that this noble view is lost. 

It is artificial and was a heavy and expensive construction. 
Cleft Ridge Span, over which the drive passes, spans the’ walk 
that leads from the boat-house to the flower garden. It was 
also an expensive structure, built upon piles of artificial stone. 

This structure has been seriously damaged in some parts by 
disintegration and by being forced apart by the frosts. As so 
much money has been expended where it is of so little use to 
the driving public, it does seem that true economy would dic- 
tate that the bridge and drive should be completed, thus fin- 
ishing the entire system of drives in the: park, with the excep- 
tion of a short entrance drive at Ninth street to connect with 
the west drive. The temporary wooden bridge built near the 
site for the new terrace bridge has nearly rotted down and 
cannot be made to do service much longer. For terrace 
bridge it is proposed to spring a span of ninety feet across the 
Lullwater channel as well as to provide for two promenade 
walks. 

There would be the drive and a walk over it, with two stair- 
ways; the abutments to be of stone and the span of iron. It 
would take two seasons to fully complete it, and would be 
quite conspicuous, standing a considerable height above the 
water and affording a splendid view of the boating. 

There are now for the drives in the park four arches and 
one bridge, all stone; namely, near the Plaza entrance, Esdale 


40 REPORT OF THE 


and Meadow-port arches, near the Willinck entrance, East- 
wood arch, and near the flower garden the Cleft Ridge, all cross- 
ing the walks, for pedestrians. The Nethermead bridge and 
arches span a walk, the Binnenwater stream and a bridle path. 
It is the only one that a person driving would notice in pass- 
ing over it. It is doubtful if persons who only drive in the 
park have ever seen any of these elaborate and costly bridges. 
They appear to be placed with singular fatuity just where they 
cannot be seen from the drives, and the long distant views 
seem to be studiously planted out by shrubbery and trees. 
From the new bridge the drive would wind with a gentle curve 
to the south of the large well and by a causeway cross the 
head of the large lake to the west drive. This causeway 
would be straight and would be the only piece of straight 
drive inthe park. It would have proper guarding on each side 
so that there would be no danger of driving off into the water. 

Persons driying through the park to the Ocean Parkway 
would find this the shortest route. In this drive from the East 
to the West drives a person would find grand scenery of an 
entirely different character from that of any on all the rest of 
the drives in the park combined. In leaving the East and 
entering the Breeze Hill drive the view is extended, owing to 
its elevation, overlooking toward the south the pedestrian con- 
course and surroundings as well as the eastern end of the 
large lake, with Duck Island in the distance, to the north the 
boat-house with the meandering Lullwater and its merry boat- 
ing parties reaching to the bridge, with the Nethermead in the 
background. From the bridge would stretch away another 
erand view with the precipitous side of Lookout Hill towering 
up one hundred and fifty feet and crowned with tall trees, 
while all around it to the south hes fifty acres of water. Were 
a chalet perched against the precipice one could imagine them- 
selves to be in some respects in Switzerland. 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 41 


Our Meteorological Department. 


A new and complete set of instruments has been provided 
for this department. Preparations have been made to give 
Brooklyn a signal service and a meteorological oftice that shall 
be on a footing with that of any other in the United States. 
The site for such a service is unsurpassed and very probably 
unequaled. Situated as it is, 220 feet above the sea level, its 
advantages for recording climatic phenomena are obvious. 

It is hoped to put this department in direct communication 
during the year to come with similar institutions all over the 
world and thereby to make it in intelligence and, if possible, 
original discovery, the equal of any of them. 


The Ninth Street Entrance. 


There has been a growing demand for several years for a 
commodious entrance at Ninth street and Ninth avenue with a 
walk for pedestrians and also a drive for carriages, connecting 
with the west drive in the park by a roadway about 60) feet in 
length. Ninth street is the principal outlet at that particular 
point of South Brooklyn for large numbers of people. Follow- 
ing the car route the main line of travel and of traftic tends 
along this thoroughfare. It is faced with handsome 
residences and is justly regarded as the dividing line between 
what is considered to be the very finest portion of the park 
slopes and what is relatively of declining value. The number 
of persons who throng this entrance is greater than at any 
other on Ninth avenue, and yet the only opening into the 
park at this point is a narrow little wooden gate through, 
which only one person can enter at a time, a standing affront 
to South Brooklyn people who use and pay an extra assess- 
ment for the park. Moreover, all those who wish to drive into 
the park from the Ninth avenue side are obliged to do so 
through other entrances, which are a considerable distance 
from the point in question. 

The entrance proposed would be similar to that built at 
Fifteenth street, and also to the one at the Smith street rail- 

6 


49 REPORT OF THE 


road car stables at Windsor Terrace. This last named en- 
trance should never have been made, as there was not the 
slightest need of it for park uses. An appropriation was asked 
for to be apphed to the construction of such an entrance at 
Ninth street, but it was not allowed. Such an approach to the 
park would be a vast accommodation to the throngs who enter 
it from that side, beside being at the same time, by reason of 
its sightliness, a spur to the development that is taking place 
in the city in this direction. In connection with this entrance 
it may not be irrelevant to glance for an instant at the whole 
park line along Ninth avenue from Union street or the main 
entrance to Fifteenth street, in order that we may consider it 
in its relations to the subsequent development of Brooklyn in 
that direction and so in its relations to the value of adjoining 
real estate. 

Laws have been recently enacted providing that Ninth 
avenue shall be placed under the charge of the Department of 
Public Works. For years the whole line of the park facing 
on this avenue has been infested with nuisances of various 
kinds. This has been peculiarly so by reason of the lonely 
character of the place as a largely unpatrolled district. Per- 
sons of immoral character and conduct have made it nightly a 
reproachable resort. It is time that such nuisances were 
abated. The whole Ninth avenue side, from Union street to 
Fifteenth street, should be properly graded, fenced, paved and 
lighted and «a proper police force established there. If such 
were the case the effect upon the value of adjoining property 
would be felt immediately. To this end we call upon the adjoin- 
ye property owners to unite with the Department of Public 
Works and also with the Park Department in the carrying out 
of such much-needed measures for improvement. The Pros- 
pect Park slopes, from a geographical point of view, furnish 
the very finest building sites in Brooklyn. The air of this 
elevation is excellent, the outlook over city, bay and ocean 
unobstructed, the proximity to the park a most desirable fea- 
ture. When it is remembered what a sanitarium it affords for 
conyalescents and little children it is not surprising that the 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 43 


highest priced lots in the whole city are here. We feel per- 
suaded that if, in accordance with this recommendation, the 
whole Ninth avenue line of the park between the points 
already designated, were improved in the way above indicated, 
thus makine the approaches to this beautiful retreat safe, 
sightly and commodious, instead of leaving them as they now 
are, repellant to all who visit the park, the rise in adjoining 
real estate would of itself, in taxable equivalents, far more than 
justify the expenditure of money necessary to such an improve- 
ment. It will be enough, in support of these views, simply to 
state in conclusion that the testimony of the residents living 
in the immediate neighborhood of Central Park, New York, 
fully verifies the statements which are here made in this 
review of the whole subject. 


The Water System. 


The water system of Prospect Park is unique, picturesque 
and extensive. It traverses the highest ground in Brooklyn 
and is entirely artificial. The water courses which form the 
conduits of such a system are composed of sand and eravel, 
interrupted at intervals by pools and shelving declivities of 
overhanging rock, over whose clustering ledges the water in 
fantastic forms streams down for several feet. Great care and 
large expense, together with no little ingenuity, were required 
in the construction of this svstem, it being found necessary 
that the beds of the water courses and the basins of the lakes 
should be rendered impervious, as, without such a precaution, 
the thirsty earth would greedily absorb the water as fast as it 
could be pumped. The source of this intended water-system 
is a large well, 50 feet in diameter and 60 feet in depth. This 
wellis situated at the foot of Look Out Hill, on the southerly 
side of the park. The spring which feeds it rises out of the 
eravel strata, along whose streak the spring water flows through 
the entire island. In this wellis placed a large duplex pump- 
ing engine, that forces up the water 160 feet into the large 
reservoir on the top of Look Out Hill. The capacity of 


44 REPORT OF THE 


this engine is sufficient to pump 400,000 gallons of water every 
ten hours. The capacity of the reservoir is about 1,000,000 
gallons. This reservoir has an elevation of 13 feet above the city 
reservoir, near the entrance of the park. The entire water 
pressure system of the park is produced from this reservoir. 
Some of its pipes extend as far as Coney Island. There is 
also connected with this pumping engine a 12-inch pipe that 
runs across the park, past the quaker cemetery, discharging 
its contents into the trout pond, which is located near the 
upper lake in the meadow. 

This trout pond is the head of the lake system that les in a 
chain of lakes some distance below. From this pond a linking 
stream of water passes over a cascade of some height into the 
upper lake which is known as “The Pool.” From this pool it 
passes over a smaller falls into the lower pool of the Long 
Meadow, rippling down its rocky bed, skirting the Long 
Meadow in its sweep it draws under Esdale bridge, through 
the woods, into the Ambergill, From this point it passes 
darkly through the deep ravine, under the shadow of Sullivan 
Heights, over numerous cascades and little falls, shooting 
under the Nethermead arches to the Nethermead, out of which 
it flows into the Binnenwater pool, thence through Music Grove 
the Binnenwater stream rolls out over tinkling little cascades 
into Lily Pond Lake, tillat length under Binnenwater bridge it 
tumbles over Binnenwater falls into the lake system below. 
Passing under the boat-house its speed is slackened in the 
bosom of the Lullwater. This winding, shady sheet of 
water is the course over which the boats elide in the 
summer and. the merry skaters skim in winter. Drowsing 
sluggishly along under the old wooden bridge of the 
Breeze Hill drive, it doubles on itself again in the north 
arm of the large lake, facing down on Music Island 
in front of the pedestrian concourse. Thence, changing 
its course once more, it turns into the large lake proper, 
where, with Duck Island on its left, it finally merges into the 
broad expanse of more than fifty acres of water. The bottom of 
all these lakes and pools has been puddled with good clay, 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 45 


which is so thoroughly impervious to water as completely to 
retain the contents of all these concave lake basins. ‘This clay 
fortunately was found in the park at a spot known as the lake 
in the deer paddock. There is no outlet to this large lake. 
In warm weather the amount of water pumped into it is just 
about evenly counteracted by the amount of water lost by 
superficial evaporation. In hot, dry weather the evaporation 
reaches from three to four hundred thousand gallons in twenty- 
four hours. There being no outlet to this lake and, consequently, 
no means by which its feculent impurities might be cast off, 
parts of it have for a long time past been growing steadily 
worse and worse. This process of stagnation has progressed 
to such an extent as seriously to endanger the lives of those 
who breathe these noxious exhalations. While the amount of 
money appropriated for the purpose was not sufficient to 
enable the commissioners to undertake the cleansing of the 
large lake, they did, however, cleanse thoroughly the whole 
water course system above it. In these beds and pools, and 
smaller lakes, an accumulation of debris had gathered, choking 
their channels. This debris was composed of the detritus of 
sand from the drives and walks, the ordure of sheep, horses 
and water fowl, the green sap of grasses and clots of leaves. 
The lakes and pools were stagnant. and unsightly and noxious 
to health. The mass of vegetable matter that had accumulated 
on the bottoms sent up arank breath. Such a morbid state 
of things was, to say the least, detrimental to the health of all 
those who visited the park, particularly to little children. 
The public recognized the fact, several notable physicians 
interfered, warning the people of danger and advising them to 
shun this locality. As a consequence it lapsed largely into 
ill-favor. During all this time, strange to relate, the pumping 
engine was taxed to its utmost capacity, pumping water at the 
rate of over 10,000,000 gallons per month. And yet the water 
courses were scarcely more than mere dried up beds. It may 
throw light on the whole subject in hand to state just here 
that when Coney Island came to be a metropolitan resort and 
needed fresh water, this beautiful water course was robbed of 


46 REPORT OF THE 


its life and beauty for the sake of serving purely commercial 
purposes. Such was the state of these once attractive but 
now disfigured and deserted water courses, in which the Com- 
missioners found them. 

They immediately set about their renovation. More than 
one thousand wagon loads of black sediment were taken from 
their beds, deposited in a remote part of the park, treated 
with lime, composted and prepared for top dressing. The 
removal of this large amount of debris from the pools, smaller 
lakes and waterways, the edging of the shores with white 
pebble and gravel, together with the repairing of the 
banks and cascades, was no shght undertaking and required 
time and persistent effort. It was completed, however, 
early in the spring before the people visited the park 
to any considerable extent. The connection with the Coney 
Island system of pipes being severed, the water was turned on 
from the well, and when the visitors thronged at last through 
the park they were surprised once more by the clear and ex- 
hilarating spectacle of this wonted stream as it ran down to 
meet them with its old bounding step for the first time in many 
intervening years. The design of the architect was thus 
restored and one of the finest charms of the park regained for 
the tax payers in all its lines of grace and beauty. ‘There are 
required for the use of the park, for its buildings, shelters, 
small fountains and watering carts, during the heated term, 
about 150,000 gallons per day. On the Ocean Parkway, in 
former years, three watering carts have been in daily use during 
the summer. These carts consume a fraction of the above 
amount. Along this parkway is laid a six and four-inch pipe 
to supply the hydrants at which these carts are fed. The 
capacity of this pipe is sufficient to supply several times this 
number of watering carts. Still the present Board of Commis- 
sioners found, on examination, certain contracts in existence 
with a local water company, permitting their system of pipes 
to be connected with the park pipes. The pretext for such a 
connection was that there was not a sufficient head of water 
readily to fill these watering carts, when in reality the head 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 47 


was over one hundred and sixty feet. The company was will- 
ing to run a pipe two miles, without customers, to connect 
with the park pipe where it was of large diameter, while a 
few feet would have answered to connect with the four-inch 
pipe and give the same pressure. These systems of pipes 
during the past year have been severed. It was then found, 
as was already known to be the case, that there was an 
abundance of water for these watering carts, besides sup- 
plying in addition forty odd customers with park water. This 
heavy pressure of park water on the pipes of the other sys- 
tem caused in some cases considerable damage. In one in- 
stance one of the large mains of their system burst at night 
and flooded the whole ground in the neighborhood below the 
race-course. ‘The same night several hundred thousand gallons 
were missed from the park reservoir owing to the bursting 
of these pipes. In another instance, at night, when their pumps 
were not in operation, their reservoir overflowed, while at the 
same time the park reservoir was perceptibly lowered. Since 
the connection between these pipes has been severed, the 
water courses and upper lakes and pools of the park, as 
already stated, have regained their pristine beauty and volume. 

There are in the park two other small lakes not connected 
with the lake system. They are on the east side. One is the 
deer paddock lake, the other the playground pool, about half 
way between the deer paddock and the plaza entrance. ‘These 
lakes are nothing more than stagnant ponds without any nat- 
ural outlet. The playground pool became exceedingly foul 
and repulsive. It was, however, cleansed by the Commissioners 
and is now ina better condition. The deer paddock lake is 
still in a foul state. Being quite deep and heavily shaded, the 
sun has not been able to reach the impurities contained in it 
as it has in the shallow lakes. The architect, in its construc- 
tion, dupheated the same mistake that was made in Central 
Park, which caused such instant and indignant protest on the 
part of the neighboring residents and on account of which 
many people lost their lives. It was an exceedingly simple 
matter, from an engineering standpoint, to have had all these 


48 REPORT OF THE 


pools supplied with a periodical change of fresh water, by 
using the overflow of the plaza fountain on stated occasions. 
The water should have passed through these pools on its way 
to the lower lake system. Thus a circulating current of fresh 
water would pass through them, cleansing them. 

This matter cannot be neglected—it must be met. For- 
tunately, so far as health and life are concerned, this section of 
the park has been abandoned by the people and allowed to 
go to rain for a number of years. 

The past season has been somewhat remarkable for its rain- 
falls—the precipitation being as large as has occurred for a 
number of years. This, taken in connection with the constant 
flow of water from the well, through the water courses to the 
large lakes, has raised its level to a height greater than is 
remembered to have occurred since the completion of the 
park. There being no natural outlet to this lake and no sys- 
tem of sewerage through which to drain it off, the only remedy 
within reach of the Commissioners, in case of high water, is to 
allow it to overflow its banks and settle down in the gravel. 
Tt is not a wise thing to allow water containing vegetable 
matter to flow into a lake that has no outlet, with no chance to 
throw off its impurities. It is dangerous to the last degree. 
The Commissioners have been met by this engineering prob- 
lem, viz: how to purify this body of water and then preserve 
its purity. A current of fresh water should flow through the 
entire length of the lake to cause the necessary circulation 
that nature requires in a body of water in order to precipitate 
and get rid of its impurities. 

To accomplish this result we would therefore beg to suggest 
that a powerful force pump be placed near the large well, that 
a suction pipe connected with this pump be introduced at the 
extreme end of the lake, that the water of the lake be taken 
up through this suction pipe and forced through a force pipe 
to the head of the water system at the upper pool, placing in 
this body of water the nozzle of the pipe. By this means the 
upper pool becomes the bed of a large fountain. The water 
being thus driven with sufficient force to cause it to be 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 49 


sprayed toa height of a hundred feet or more, would be 
cleansed of its impurities by aération. In this way the whole 
sheet of water would be thoroughly sifted. Added to this 
refrigerating and rarefying process the geographical features 
of such a fountain would not be by any means insignificant. 
A fountain placed on this body of water, throwing up streaming 
jets to a great height, could be seen at longer distances than 
from any other spot in the park. The view of it from the long 
meadow reaching to the plaza would be in direct line from the 
proposed site of the Beecher monument. 

From the Fifteenth street entrance, over the long meadow, 
it could also be seen, as well as from the high ridge of wood- 
land that crosses the park to the south. 

This powerful force pump could be driven by the same 
engineers and firemen that operate the pumping engine at the 
well, the only additional expense being the coal bill for the 
summer. Moreover, such a large vohune of water added to 
that of the pumping engines passing through the water 
courses and over the cascades with increased volume, would 
be a most refreshing spectacle in the park. 

Three objects would thus be accomphshed by the simple 
purchase of a force pump and the laying of the pipes, viz: the 
purification of the lake, the fountain view on the water from 
the long meadow and surroundings, and the propulsion of the 
water in greater volume through the water courses, thus not 
allowing the green scum to form on the surface and preventing 
any impurity from condemning this most beautiful resort of the 
people. . 

The next question which presents itself for consideration is, 
how to cleanse the large lake of its existing impurities. The 
question is by no means an easy one. The process of emptying 
and filling this lake would in itself require at least a year for 
its accomplishment, with all the facilities now at hand, while 
to suffer its bed to be exposed to the bleach of the sun with 
its foul lining of feculent matter, might cause a_ pestilent 
epidemic. The bottom, being of puddled clay, as before 
mentioned, there would be danger of injuring it and thus ren- 


7 


50 REPORT OF THE 


dering it liable to leak. Just such an instance as this serves to 
illustrate the one bad feature of puddled clay, viz: that its 
particles are so fine, being of almost the same specific gravity 
as the water, that they are taken up and held in solution, thus 
clouding the clearness of the lake and leaving it thick and dis- 
colored. <A lake, to be beautiful, clear and healthy, as well as 
ina proper condition for the fish that inhabit it, should have 
scattered about it, In spots, a sandy and.gravelly bed and 
shore; at other points, rich earth, in which water plants and 
flowers would thrive, thus consuming those mephitie gases 
which would otherwise be noxious, and creating the proper 
foods for the fish. It would be cheaper, therefore, inasmuch 
as the lake is of sufficient depth, to haul and deposit in it the 
necessary sand, gravel and soil at the proper places, covering 
up the vegetable matter that there exists and leaving a natural 
bed for the lake instead of an unfinished and artificial one. 

The foulest part of the lake was at the boat-house, about 
which the visitors to the park daily swarmed. The Commis- 
sioners covered up this bed of unhealthy matter with over a 
thousand loads of earth, leaving a pool at the foot of Binnen- 
water falls and converting the remaining space into a green- 
sward with fine beds of variegated flowers. This change was 
much appreciated and admired by the public. 

This lake abounds in beautiful islands, peninsulas, vistas, 
shady nooks, and romantic, capricious turns and twinings, with 
their life of water fowl and merry boating parties. 

The waters of this lake were stocked years ago with several 
varieties of fish. There are quite a number of black and 
Oswego bass, several varieties of perch, two varieties of carp, 
and gold and silver fish in great abundance. The latter, as also 
the perch, abound in large numbers. 

It has lately been discovered, however, that, owing to the 
muddiness of the water and the lack of feeding places, large 
numbers of these fish have died, while those that survived are 
not in a very healthy condition. 

Some of the officers of the State Fish Commission, who 
are familiar with the facts in the case, have offered 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 51 


to stock the lakes of Prospect Park with such varieties of 
fish as might be deemed suitable, provided the Commissioners 
would have these lakes put in such condition as that the fish 
would thrive. In accordance with such a suggestion the Com- 
missioners would recommend that fish be placed in these lakes 
in such quantity that permits might be given, under necessary 
restriction, for scientific fishing (hooks without barbs being 
used) so that the fish could be tossed back instantly into the 
water without any comparative injury being done to them. 
Skilled fishing is a sport that affords more fascinating pleasure 
to some natures than almost any other. It would certainly be 
a strong park attraction to the general public. Inasmuch as 
the park is, in certain portions of it, given over, under proper 
regulations, to certain pastimes, and inasmuch as the sight of 
casting a fly and landing a game fish is something peculiarly 
interesting, even to those who take no part in such sleights of 
skill, and furthermore, inasmuch as the State officials have 
euaranteed a supply of such fish in sufficient quantities, the 
Committee see no reason why the people should be denied 
participation in such a fascinating pastime under the proper 
restrictions. 


Drainage and Sewerage of the Park. 


The park has an elaborate and excellent drainage system for 
surface water by which to keep the drives, walks and meadows 
properly drained during storms and wet seasons. It is pro- 
vided at a number of points with pockets of silt basins for 
arresting the detritus, which can thus be removed without neces- 
sarily flowing into the lakes. This drainage system, how- 
ever, has been extended beyond its natural and legiti- 
mate boundary and is connected with areas outside the 
limits of the park. A very different state of things 
prevails in regard to the sewerage. There is only one sewer 
in the park, and that necessarily covers but a small fraction of 
its area, viz., the one at old Fifth street. This sewer passes 
close by the headquarters of the park, givine it drainage, 
continuing thence to the picnic shelter. As branch to this 


<— F . ~ 
. > 


52 REPORT OF THE 


sewer is laid, as already described, which will be extended to 
the stables and surrounding buildings. All the buildings in 
this portion of the park will thus be properly severed. The 
other buildings and shelters are provided with cesspools only. 
Such receptacles contain deadly ingredients of disease, which 
are transmitted in a thousand imperceptible forms to those 
who frequent them. They should be done away with as soon 
as possible. Inasmuch as Prospect Park is divided by a high 
ridge, and the southern section being the lower, it will not 
be feasible to connect the southerly portion of it with sewers 
running toward the north. When there is a proper sewer 
built for the town of Flatbush, it would be advisable to 
connect the buildings on the southerly side of the park with 
it, until then it will probably be necessary, unless some plan 
‘an be devised for relieving the difficulty, to retain the objec- 
tionable cesspools or else try some of the sanitary inventions 
proposed for disinfection. Those in charge of such a public 
trust as Prospect Park, sacred to the health and lives of great 
multitudes of men, women and little children, should bestow 
on such a subject, so vital to the city, the greatest care and 
the most conscientious thought. 


Fark Recreations 


The Park has many uses. It is the lungs of a great city, 
where people can draw a full breath of fresh air. It is a field 
for the student, a retreat for the meditative philosopher, a 
resort for artists, poets, painters and all who have imagination. 
It has another use, viz., recreation. It is when the long 
meadow is covered with courts and dotted with little children 
and youth of both sexes, filling the joyous sunny air with 
happy shouts beneath a cloudless sky, on a summer day, that 
Prospect Park may be said to be at its meridian. 

Let us look for a moment at some of these recreations. 


aif 
sn pi 


- 


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T 2 > | 
Pty vi, 2 
ad i] - 
a a, ee 


‘aie 


baled Pr Min tae, 


a ts) d 14) ‘Una seit: ca iti ne 


(he vate *4 give ey at We 
Pc oul My) | 


 o 
i 


4 ~< 
“YIASNINGAd HHL NO dxaHS 


Or 
1S) 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 


Lawn Tennis. 


This invigorating and beautiful game is one of the most 
popular sports of the park. It is indulged in by both ladies 
and gentlemen, and even in the most scientific play, where the 
ball is cut down close across the net from the bat, in many 
instances the finest and most wary players are women. They 
seem to possess a peculiar power for divining the direction of 
shots. This splendid game is on the increase. One hundred 
and thirty courts were in daily use last year on long meadow 
and probably more wiil be used this year. The marking of 
the courts with whiting, inasmuch as dew will fade them and 
rain wash them out entirely, keeps three men busy most of 
the time, and incurs expense. But it is money well expended. 


Croquet. 


This gentle game is another of the merry recreations of long 
meadow. It is played by young people and even more by 
older persons. It possesses many scientific points, requires : 
steady hand, a well trained use of the arm at long shots, an 
accurate eye and considerable practice. Several of the parks 
were constantly used whenever the weather would permit, by 
the patrons of this game. 


Base Ball. 


Although the oldest and most generally indulged in by 
youth, of all games, base-ball still, in many respects, stands at 
the head of the list. It 1s very doubtful if it will ever be 
superseded. There is so much motion in it, so much consum- 
mate skill, so much art and science and long training, and so 
much chance for feats of dexterity, in running, getting 
under sky scrapers, trapping red hot daisy cutters at short 
stop, throwing on a straight line at long distances, stealing 
bases by sheer subtlety, and all like the movements of 
clock work, that it will probably bear the same relation 
to all other games, that chess does to checkers, domi- 


54 REPORT OF THE 


noes or backgammon. This game is played on the parade 
ground, where on special occasions it is witnessed by thou- 
sands. The parade ground is now too small to accommodate 
the demand and there is much feeling and disappointment 
amone the players in consequence. 


Lacrosse. 


This brilliant game is played upon the parade ground and 
affords considerable amusement. It is confined mostly to well 
known clubs who play the game finely. It is also enjoyed by 
college students who find their way to these erounds during 


the summer vacation. 


Archery. 


At safe distances from each other in the park tri-colored 
targets may be seen standing on a clear day before a merry 
eroup of archers. Ladies and gentlemen alike enjoy this 
peculiarly fascinating game. Some of the best shots in the 
park are ladies. During a single season the archers grow very 
proficient in archery and often succeed in taking the target. 
This game is particularly good for the right hand. It steadies 
the nerve, braces the blood, and hardens the muscle. Persons 
who are fine shots at archery learn to shoot a rifle or a pistol 
with ease, and are the best shots with such weapons. 


Ji questi Lantsm. 


Winding through the tree shaded bridle paths, on a_ fine 
morning, may be seen horsemen and horsewomen enjoying the 
pleasures of equine recreation. No sight is more beautiful to 
behold than a finely mounted woman on a horse. The trailing 
habit, the jaunty hat, the eraceful curveting of the steed, the 
fine contrast, (especially if the horse be white or dappled,) 
against the dark or rich coloring of the shrubbery, is a beau- 
tiful picture. Would that people could be brought to realize 


5 


Or 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 


that of all the recreations that are known to man, no exercise 
is so thoroughly beneficial to kidney, liver, head, heart and 
lungs and even conscience, as horseback riding. The in- 
stances of fast riding in the park are not numerous, as the 
mounted guard are on the lookout for any violation of the 
rules as to the rate of speed. Riding in the park has in- 
creased during the last year to a large extent. 


Driving. 


There is not an hour in the day when the crunch of wheels is 
not heard on the hard road drives that wind through the park. 
Ladies and little children, infants, and delicate, sick and aged 
persons, enjoy from morning till evening this quiet recreation. 
At intervals through the park provision is made for the water- 
ing of the horses, and for the convenience and comfort of visi- 
tors. A view, out of a carriage window, from the top of Breeze 
Hill, of the great ocean that hes below is a sight that 1s espec- 
ially enjoyable. The number of vehicles of different kinds 
varies as much as the persons that stray through the park. 

The police report gives a detailed statement of the number 
of vehicles that visited the park. 


Dieveling ; 


Yonder on a wheel goes a tightly girt youth. When the 
shadows skirt the ground he seems to float along in the air. 
What keeps him up in the misty moonlight is a mystery. But 
lo, another, and another, and still another, all following their 
leader as the swans on the winter sky follow their trumpeting 
enide. Down and on they go over bridge and hill and meadow, 
till at last they fade out in the deep forest where only the glow- 
worm gleam of their many-colored lamps is caught at gay in- 
tervals as they bhnk through the trees along the wood-skirted 
meadow. But enough, they are gone. Sometimes accidents 
happen to these wheelmen, but rarely. The sport is so well 
regulated that as a general rule horses are not scared by it and 
danger is avoided. 


56 REPORT OF THE 


For grace of motion the wheel somehow seems to belong by 
right of way to the beautiful park. The gentlemen who ride 
the wheels are—for the most part—-polite and require no 
admonition from the ofticers. 


Tlarriers. 


This exciting game, participated in by the heads of royal 
households abroad, is performed by giving the hare a sufticient 
start and then pursuing his trail. This trail is left behind him 
by dropping bits of paper along the ground at every step. I 
adroitly done the hounds may be badly deceived and some- 
times thrown from the trail altogether. It is a harmless, 
exciting and intensely invigorating game. 


Boating. 


Twinkling little boats go flashing along the deep shaded 
lakes in the flush of the evening or the glow of the moonlight. 
The songs of gay parties of children as the sound floats over 
the water and up through the wooded steeps, are very mellow 
and sweet. Sometimes the sound of musical instruments—as 
a flute or clarionet or zither—strays out sweetly upon the air. 

The plashing dip of the oar, with its measured stroke, the 
low sound of voices, the lap of the water on the shore—all go 
to make the effect a very charming one. There are several 
miles of rowing water and a very large head sweep at the top 
of the lake, around which the little steamer, with its long trail 
of smoke, makes a pedantic detour. Boats may be hired with 
or without an attendant to row them. 


Shaling. 


Although the city rinks that once were so fashionable have 
all died, skating in the open air is just as much indulged in as 
ever. There is a grace and a beauty about this sport which is 
quite as fascinating to those looking on as to the skaters them- 
selves. There have been fifteen days of fine skating at the 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 57 


Prospect Park this year. There have been crowds of persons 
on the ice, and there is every evidence that this winter pastime 
has lost none of its old-time popularity. Skating is a particu- 
larly healthy exercise, and if indulged in with a proper degree 
of care is perfectly safe. The accommodations for skaters are 
not more than half sufficient to meet the demand, and an ap- 
propriation should be asked for. 


Walkin q. 


Year after year sees more and more regular walkers through 
the park. These persons make daily detours of long distances 
around the park, and in some instances it is continued as far 
as Coney Island. 

More people should follow their example. The asphalt 
walks and the green sward furnish a fine opportunity for the 
prosecution of this splendid exercise. 


The Goat Carriages. 
) 


Last, but not least, we must not forget to mention that one 
object in the park which stirs many a fond mother’s heart as 
we recall it, the Goat Carriage. What an institution. Never 
did a tourist chmb an English diligence with such an unmis- 
takable air of importance as these little tots climb up into 
these goat carriages. And then how pompously they grasp 
the lines, as if they held the reins of government. How the 
baby crows and chuckles as the goats rush away. How he 
ples the whip till they tingle with it. And how over it all the 
mother hangs, following the little wagon far down the broad 
walks and the deer look up and sniff through the iron fence as 
the tiny train speeds by. Let the goats alone for the sake of 
the mothers and the babies, for hke the merry swing of the 
carousal, round which the happy children galop on their 
dappled horses, they are the marks, and soon will be the 
pleasant memories of days when childhood knew no, care, and 
sorrow and adventure were ghost stories told by some skilled 
wonder-smith when the winter nights had grown heavy. 


8 


58 REPORT OF THE 


The Smaller Parks. 
WASHINGTON PARK 


This park is the largest and most beautiful of the smaller 
parks of the city. It is located on the brow of that command- 
ing eminence known as “ The Hill.” This choice and conspicu- 
ous park possesses a peculiar interest to those who visit it as 
well as to those whose residences face it, from the Revolution- 
ary traditions connected with its history. It was here that the 
first fortifications on Long Island were thrown up by the 
American army. General Greene, in honor of whom the fort 
is named, had his headquarters on this spot. No battle ever 
occurred here, as is sometimes erroneously stated, but the 
advance of the British was checked by these fortifications to 
such a degree as to characterize it as a signal spot in the 
history of the Revolution. Washington Park contains thirty 
acres. It is filled with many varieties of handsome trees, for 
the most part well arranged and in a good state of preserva- 
tion. 

Washington Park is the resort of a great number of young 
people who gather there to play croquet, lawn tennis and other 
eames. ‘The gentle undulations of its surface render it pecu- 
larly attractive to the eye and enhance the value of adjoin- 
ing real estate. The appropriation for this year, toward 
improvements in this park, amounts to $7,500. . This amount 
will be expended in repairing the walks in the park, in flagging 
the Myrtle avenue sidewalk of the gant, in putting the shelters 
in good order, top-dressing the grass, &c. It is desired, when- 
ever the necessary appropriation shall be made, to furnish this 
park with music. It is very much desired by those living in 
the neighborhood. The view from the plaza is very fine. On 
this height the annual display of pyrotechnics takes place on 
the evening of the Fourth of July. This display is always 
witnessed by a large concourse of people. Taken in connec- 
tion with all its surroundings Washington Park is one of the 
most conspicuous ornaments of the city. 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 59 


TOMPKINS PARK. 

This park ranks next in relative importance to Washington 
Park. Its surface is perfectly level, affording a fine oppor- 
tunity for the enjoyment of such gentle games as lawn tennis, 
croquet, &c. Such games are largely indulged in by young and 
old alike. Shade trees cover the lawn at grateful intervals, and 
excellent shelter makes this park peculiarly attractive to nurses 
and little children. There are 7} acres in its area. There has 
been an appropriation of $10,000 set apart for the improving 
of this park during the coming year, repairing watks, 
enriching of soil, trimming of shrubbery, &e.  Itis proposed 
to erect a substantial fence around the whole space occupied 
by the park, or to light from the centre of this park with a 
tower electric heht of great power, thin out the shrubbery and 
properly police it ‘Tompkins Park, owing to its level surface, 
would be an excellent place on which to test by experiment 
the feasibility of such a project. 


CITY PARK. 


There has been but $5,000 appropriated for the year 1888, 
toward the improvement of the City Park. 

This park, while resorted to and used to some extent by the 
residents of the immediate neighborhood, is used even more 
extensively as a thoroughfare by the working people and by 
others, employed in the neighboring factories and manufact- 
uring establisments, many of whom come from more or less 
remote parts of the city. These people invariably take the 
most direct route to any point to which they wish to go, in this 
instance entirely ignoring the asphalt walks laid for their 
accommodation, which if used would involve the taking of only 
a few more steps in crossing the park. 

The consequence has been that the green sward of this park 
has been cut up into numerous sections by worn pathways, 
diverging in the direction of the different gates and presenting 
anything but an attractive appearance to the eye. 

To meet this obvious want of direct routes for the persons 
who daily pass through the park, and compel them to keep to 


60 REPORT OF THE 


the ways provided for their use, it is proposed to close the 
central gates on Flushing avenue and Canton street, and 
lay a straight asphalt walk running directly from the gate 
on the corner of Flushing avenue and Canton street to the 
gate on the corner of Park avenue and Navy street. Also 
another crossing this from the gate at the corner of Park 
avenue and Canton street to the gate at the corner of Flushing 
avenue and Navy street. Such a plan will leave the present 
asphalt walk running from the gate in the centre of Park 
avenue to the point at the centre of the proposed asphalt walks, 
where they will all intersect. The same plan is proposed for 
the asphalt walk running from the central gate on the Navy 
street side. This latter pavement will be a great convenience 
and accommodation to the children of the public school which 
is in close proximity to this gate. 

It is recommended that the hummocky green sward and the 
asphalt pavement, not indicated in the above proposed plan, be 
ploughed up, manured, seeded and rolled. Also that when in 
proper condition certain proportions of it be allotted to the 
children for use asa playground. Also, that all unsightly and 
decaying trees be cut down and replaced with such others as 
will take kindly to the soil. 

It is also recommended that the street on the Park avenue 
side of the park be flagged with good blue stone and that the 
flageing on Flushing avenue be repaired wherever needed. 

If sufficient funds be appropriated the Commissioners would 
recommend the flagging of Navy and Canton streets, where they 
bound the park. 

It is further suggested that a structure for the use of men 
be placed on the Park avenue side of the park, near the central 
gate, that being the point considered the least objectionable 
and the best suited to the purpose. 

It is proposed to place a small drinking fountain in the 
centre of the park, at the point where all its walks intersect. 

A shelter house for the park is named in the appropriation 
for next year. It is a question with the Commissioners 
whether, with the present police protection, it would be desira- 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 61 


ble. To keep objectionable characters from frequenting it and 
abusing its use, would require additional policemen as well as 
the services of a female attendant to look after the building 
and preserve decency and order, in and about it. The expense 
attending such a structure would more than counterbalance 
any advantage that might accrue from its erection. 

If, after making the repairs as above indicated, any funds are 
left, small roof shelters will be erected, and as these shelters 
will be open on all sides, and under the eye of the police, they 
cannot be clandestinely used by immoral characters for im- 
proper purposes. 

If the city would provide five electric lights in the place 
of the forty gas lamps now used in and around the park, they 
would afford additional protection to persons having business 
in the park and the neighborhood, and would be an improve- 
ment that would be greatly appreciated by all classes of citi- 
zens, besides diffusing a moral influence over the entire place 
by dissipating the darkness that conceals the vice which infests 
at night so many of such public resorts. 


CARROLL PARK. 


Of this park there is little to be said. It needs repairs at 
almost every point. $1,000 has been appropriated for the next 
year toward its maintenance. This sum will be utilized to the 
best possible advantage in order to restore itto 1ts4ormer con- 
dition. Its most favorable feature isthe substantial iron fenee 
surrounding its entire enclosure. ‘'Phis shady park is asgreat > 
source of comfort in the intense heats of summer to con- 
valescents and little children. NAR pe 


+. y 
East Side Lands. 


This subject demands the earliest attention and action. The 
recent decision of the Court of Appeals, that the city can 
eive valid title of the land to purchasers, and the present 
auspicious opportunity for disposing of the property at fair 
“prices, demand that no time should be lost in converting at 
least the larger portion of such lands into taxable property, 


62 REPORT OF THE 


thus removing the blight that has settled upon the surround- 
ing neighborhood, caused by the uncertainty as to what would 
be their final disposition. As the question of just what to do 
with these East Side lands must now come before the public 
for disposal, it might be well to give a short history of them, 
together with some detail upon the subject. 

The East Side lands are included in the first purchases of 
land made for Prospect Park. They are bounded on the west 
and southwest by Flatbush avenue, Plaza street and Vander- 
bilt avenue; on the north by Prospect place, or Warren 
street ; on the east by Washington avenue, and on the south 
by the Flatbush town line. In this area there are 132) acres, 
of which 114 are owned and used by the city as the Prospect 
Hill Reservoir grounds, leaving 121 acres. This _ tract 
is about equally divided by the Eastern Parkway, which 
was cut through im 1872 and 1873, necessitating the 
removal of _231,000 cubic yards of- earth. - In tig 
cutting a sheht curve had to be made, so as not to weaken the 
reservoir. Soon after this was done, a commission of three 
was appointed to appraise the value of the grounds around the 
reservoir in order to sell them to the Department of Public 
Works. The sum of $215,365 was agreed upon, and an act of 
the Legislature was passed May 15th, 1876, authorizing said 
amount, with interest, to be paid to the Park Commissioners, 
such sum to be apphed ‘to the improvement of the park 
lands so authorized to be sold,” viz., to drain, sewer, grade, 
pave and gutter the streets to be laid out. 

The Annual Report of 1877 acknowledged the receipt of the 
above amount. This was the first sale of east side lands, and 
the price obtained was much better than that subsequently 
realized at auction. 

Much public discussion has taken place pro and con on the 
advisability of selling these lands. In the Spring of 1869, a 
proposal was made by Edmund Driges, J. W. Hunter, Charles 
Jones, Win. W. Goodrich and J. Carson Brevoort to lay out 
and finish these lands into a park, with Gen. Viele as engineer, 
for the sum of $625,000, furnishing security, &e. 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 63 


On April 25, 1870, an act was passed at Albany, giving the 
Brooklyn Park Commissioners authority to sell the larger part 
of the east side lands for the city of Brooklyn, the proceeds to 
be placed in the sinking fund. This act was amended on 
March 81st, 1871, and June 18th, 1873. 

Under these acts, maps and plans were made, showing the 
reserve on Flatbush avenue, from the reservoir to the town 
line of Flatbush, a strip of 250 feet deep along said avenue. 

After much delay—on November 17, 1881—a sale was held, 
and about one quarter of the lots laid out were sold. They 
comprised nearly all the choice ones, as, for instance, the 
Plaza, Plaza street and Eastern Parkway. The prices realized 
were not near what was anticipated, and the sale was stopped. 
Inmany former discussions and estimates it was said that this 
whole tract would bring $3,000,000, or, at the lowest estimate, 
$2,500 per lot 25 feet front. This amount was not realized, 
though about all the finest lots were sold. 


MaualemtniberOralObs cc: fas... «0. eee hie ees 1,014 
JS TPE STE SOG bea oo Nak Piel TO St A ATO a eR 276 
Fremmanmmm uso Ld. 6 at BMS ve A A ee ee eh gS). 735 


The 279 lots sold for $538,300 or $1,930 each. Highest price 
for single lot $9,650 ; lowest for full lot $625. 


The account of sales and disbursements shows as follows: 


SHUG SL UOT Ni cae Pilea MEA RET ODL! or ooo) hasta ean $538,300 00 
(SS aG TREVESHIWETC Ue ero 2 SU $151,900 00 
Bonds and/morteages ....-. 25. . 2: 223,837 50 
Ninety per cent. of $180,625 (yet 
(HLF S61) RS ay ea nnn ena 162,562 50 
= oO oUUmue 
Gash mecerved tor land. .s..2..2..). $151,900 OO 
LTS CESS a are eae Bae 8 Oe 563 18 
ee los. 400) ks 
Cash paid for advertising, printing, &e 2,685 49 
: unpaid taxes... . 2. 15,804 18 


loan and interest. .... 51,420 O06 


64 _ REPORT OF -THE 


Cash paid for interest Johnson. .... $410 80 
ee cost in Johnson’s sur- 
POTUG SRS Ae ec oe ae 300 00 
s Commissioners’ Sink- 


sHvoamN uh a6 (leer ee ne 61,768 19 
——— 130,388 70 


Deposited in Brooklyn Trust Company......... $22,074 48 


Nine purchasers have not yet paid the second instalment of 
20 per cent. on sixty-two lots, sales amounting to $180,625. 
At the prices that ruled at the sale had the 735 lots been sold 
they would not have averaged $600 each. Thus the total sale 
would have been less than $1,000,000, with large expenses to 
be deducted, the amount of which we do not know and are not 
able to find out, as there seems to have been a very imperfect 
set of books kept. Mr. Wm. A. Brown in his report in 1882, 
says on this subject, “ There appears to be a regular set of 
books for these east side lands, in which no entries have been 
made, I have found it necessary ‘to collect information from a 
petty cash and memorandum book. I desire to state that 
since January Ist, 1879, some receipts and disbursements have 
not been entered, neither has the ledger been posted for some 
years. The check books since 1866 do. not show the entries 
of any deposits, neither do they show any balance that tallies 
with those of the bank books.” 

We know that the Legislature was liberal in having the 
land improved for sale. The first act passed, already spoken 
of, applied the proceeds of the sale of the reservoir grounds— 
$215,365—for such purpose; the next act, of June 18, 1873, 
authorizing $200,000 for the same purpose, and on June 16, 
1877, authorizing a still further sum of $200,000 for the same 


object. 
Just what bonds were issued and sold under these two acts 
we are unable as yet to state definitely. All that actu- 


ally appears as a matter of record is the loan of $51,420 
out of the sale and the $215,365 from the reservoir fund. It 
is currently reported, however, that $150,000 worth of bonds 
were sold and used. 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 65 


The improvements made on the lands are not many or ex- 
tensive, aside from the Eastern Parkway, which appears to 
have been a matter by itself, special commissioners having 
been appointed and the regular assessments made. 

The improvement map adopted for the East Side lands 
shows thirteen avenues, streets and places through it. Of this 
number only three have been made, viz., Underhill avenue, 
Butler street and Park place. All these are now in bad con- 
dition, the banks having fallen onthem. There has been some 
erading done near the Plaza and Eastern Parkway. The 
report of 1879 says: “The removal of the material having 
been done at a very small cost, in one or two instances con- 
tractors requiring filling for their own purposes elsewhere, 
haye been permitted to take it from the East Side lands with- 
out cost to the Park Commissioners.” 

After the sale in 1881, the Commissioners did not see fit to 
have another sale, and many expressed the opinion that the 
city could not give a good title to the land, it having been con- 
demned and bought for park purposes. The opinion has also 
been expressed that if these lands were not used for their 
original purposes they must revert to their original owners. 

As before recited, some, after purchasing and paying ten per 
cent., refused to pay more and take title. Suit was commenced 
by the city to compel delinquents to take title, and a test case 
was made of George Copeland. The case was tried before 
Judge Pratt, on April 15th, 1885, and was decided in favor of 
the city. Copeland appealed to the General Term and the case 
was heard at Poughkeepsie, May 13th, 1885, before Joseph T. 
Barnard, presiding Justice, and Jackson O. Dyckman, asso- 
ciate Justice, judgment affirmed, opinion by Judge Barnard. 
He then carried the case to the Court of Appeals, decision was 
rendered on October 4th, 1887, judgment affirmed by Judge 
Peckham, all the justices concurring 

The question of the city’s ability to give title being settled, 
the Corporation Counsel is now actively pushing the de- 
linquents for a settlement. 

By) 


66 REPORT OF THE 


The Park Board appear to be unanimous that an early sale 
of these east side lands should take place. 

The question as to whether it is for the city’s interest to sell 
them as they are (in extenso) or improve them, is now being 
discussed. To improve—means expense and delay, and a 
loss of a year’s taxes, and the work not so well done (when the 
object is to sell the land) as the Pubic Works Department 
would do it under assessment, having everything up to the 
requirements of the law. 

This Committee would recommend that the lots remaining 
unsold in the section north of the eastern parkway be sold as 
they are, as early in the Spring as practicable, and that the 
section south of the eastern parkway or the reservoir side, be 
held, until it is increased in value by the improvement of the 
north side. If the latter were thrown on the market now, 
without any improvement on any side, and shut off from the 
park by the 250 feet strip on Flatbush avenue, it would sell at 
a nominal figure. Itis a desirable piece of property and will 
soon command its real value, and should not be sacrificed. It 
has some advantages that no other spot in Brooklyn has, the 
principal of which may be summed as follows. It is the pivotal 
point of Brooklyn, in which the round ‘horizon can be seen 
better than at any other. The circle of sky line is complete, 
with the exception of a few degrees shortened by Cemetery 
and Breeze Hills in the park. To those who have not seen 
this grand view, a short description might be interesting. 

From a position on or near the reservoir, there is in sight 
the ocean, several bays, the Sound, the harbor and East and 
North rivers. It is doubtful if there is another spot in the 
world that has this variety of water scenery. To the east, 
Long Island unfolds to view its scattered villages nestling 
down among fields and woodlands. 

To the north, you look up the East River, which stretches 
off to the Sound. A bird’s eye view of the whole city of New 
York is obtained. Every part of Brooklyn can be seen. You 
look down on the towers of the East River Bridge. Turning 
westward the North River and Jersey City are in full view, 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 67 


with the heights beyond rising up in the distance. In full 
view the noble Statue of Liberty stretches forth the hand of 
welcome to the world, while the forts of Governor’s Island 
seem to nestle at her feet. The waters of the upper bay 
elisten in the sunlight in front of Staten Island. The lower 
bay is partially obscured by the beautiful arborescent growth 
of Prospect Park. 

The view to the south in this enchanting kaleidoscopic 
panorama is Coney Island, with the ocean in the background 
and Flatbush in the foreground. The next to come in sight is 
Rockaway’s mammoth hotel, and to finish the cireuit, the 
whole of Jamaica Bay hes out in full view before us with the 
beautiful Flatland scenery intervening. 

This commanding spot would make a most admirable site 
for a world’s fair. It is most time to have one, and Brooklyn 
is the coolest and most suitable place in which to have it. 


The Concourse at Coney Island. 


This is an important subject. It has attracted considerable 
attention and caused much comment during the past ten years. 
It must necessarily continue to do so until it shall finally be 
decided how the questions it proposes shall be settled. 

It has had much discussion during the year by the Park 
Commissioners. The plan of improvement being carried on 
there is to abate a nuisance by filling in a malarial marsh, thus 
leaving a foundation on which, whatever improvements may be 
decided upon as to its future development, may be readily 
earried out. Whether or not to protect the beach from the 
erosion or violent incursion of the waves, or to allow it to shift 
its form at pleasure, is yet an open question. The policy of 
several commissions has been to save it. This has now 
become a matter of great urgency, as the recent tides have 
made much more destructive mroads than for several years 
past, until at last they threaten the entire east end of the con- 
course lands, with all the hotel property lying between it and 
the Manhattan Hotel. A natural tendency of the tides has 


68 REPORT OF THE 


always existed at this point to wash away the shore, but the 
ageravated and immediate cause is that the Manhattan Com- 
pany has built out crib and stone piers for breakwaters In 
front of their premises (which are not essentially necessary for 
its protection,) these breakwaters arresting and retarding the 
edge of the strong current that flows at times down the coast 
from the east and southeast. The momentum of the current, 
which has had its coast side infringed by these jetties, 
is deflected in its course against the shore, which, being loose 
white sand, is readily washed away. This cutting through of 
the Island to Sheepshead Bay at this point commenced as 
soon as these obstructions were put there. 

Tradition and records show that twice, near this spot, there 
has been an inlet to Sheepshead Bay ; once caused by a ship 
being stranded on the shore, its track closing again on its 
removal. The inner portion of this inlet may yet be seen, and 
is known as Sandy Creek. 

As the county may be called upon to protect its property, 
which is of such great and peculiar value to this whole 
metropolitan community; and as the taxpayers should be 
familiar with what is really needed, and aware of what difti- 
culties we are confronted with, it would be well, perhaps, 
before stating the nature of these difficulties, together with the 
recommendations we have to make, to give a short history of 
Coney Island and the remarkable changes that have taken 
place there, as such changes have a direct bearing on: the 
advisability of taking measures to protect this portion of the 
county's property. 

Coney Island was discovered in 1527, by Verazzano. It was 
visited in 1609 by Henry Hudson, the great navigator. Its 
Indian name was Narrioch. The original purchase in 1649, 
of the land from the Carnarsie and Nyack Indians was con- 
firmed in a patent to Guisbert Op-Dyck. 

In 1661, Op-Dyck sold the Island to Dick DeWolf, who 
started a salt works there. This was the first manufacturing 
enterprise in Kings county. 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 69 


In 1685 a charter was obtained from Governor Dongan, 
securing the island to the town of Gravesend. The concourse 
portion of it was sold for a nominal sum to Kings County, to 
remain under the control of the Park Department. 

Its name at this time was Cunny Island, while the Dutch 
‘alled it Conijnen Eylandt. It had two inlets through it, 
making three islands. The first, at the eastern end, now the 
Manhattan property. was known as Sedge Bank Island; the 
second, known as Guisbert’s or Johnson's Island, extending 
from a point between the Brighton and Manhattan Hotels up 
to Paul Bauer’s, where the Piney inlet was located. West of 
this inlet lay Piney Island. At one time it was much larger 
than it is now, and was well wooded with cedar and pine trees. 
This Piney inlet was the direct entrance for the fishermen of 
Gravesend through which to deal with New York. 

There are several old maps in existence which seem to be 
well authenticated—one as long ago as 1666, made by a Mr. 
Hubbarde. Jeremiah Williamson made a map in 1765; John 
Terhune made another in 1806.  Lifford and Strong made 
maps at an early date. The U.S. Coast Survey made maps in 
1835 and 1855. A study of these maps, together with the 
Shape of Coney Island at the present time, show a continued 
and considerable change of its contour. 

There are many accounts of the wonderful changes that have 
taken place on this changeable island. On one of the older 
maps spoken of may be found these words: ‘This beach has, 
within the memory of living men, washed away more than a 
mile in one night.” 

Mr. John Van Dyck declared a number of years ago that 
Coney Island had on it high and long sand hills, where now it 
is flat and level, and covered at intervals by the tide. He fur- 
ther said that he had cut grass where the shore now is, as well 
as a considerable distance out in the ocean. Mr. Court Lake, 
in 1839, when he was seventy-nine years old, ‘stated that his 
erandfather, about one hundred and ten years before that time, 
had cut a quantity of cedar posts on a part of Coney Island, 
which was then two miles from the shore, and he himself had 


70 REPORT OF THE 


eut fire wood at a place that was a mile and a half from the 
shore. There was a house on Piney Island owned by a Mr. 
Brown, the site of which is now a great way out at sea. Plumb 
Island (a part of Barren Island) was once covered with fine 
timber. There is none however there now, the greatest part 
of the land having washed away.” ; 

Reports on record show that Piney or the Western end of 
Coney Island extended miles out to sea, had high dunes or 
sand hills near the coast and was well wooded and fertile on 
the Gravesend side. Guisbert’s, or the middle Island, was 
quite fertile, and furnished grass and pasturage to the 
Gravesend people. It was divided into thirty-nine lots, the 
original number of members in the Dongan charter, and large 
quantities of hay were harvested there. It had similar dunes 
along its sea front. Sedge Bank, or Manhattan Island, was 
covered with Sedge grass and was of no particular value. 

A phenomenal storm occurred and one half of Coney Island 
was washed away in a day. Its high ridges of sand that had 
been piled up by the wind were leveled; its inlets closed and 
a straight beach left, which, as a whole, had been growing 
smaller of later years. A large and threatening shoal to navi- 
cation is steadily growing out to sea. This shoal extends 
between Sandy Hook and Rockaway inlet, and can be readily 
located by watching the detour of the Rockaway boats made 
on their trips 

Fortunately this sort of storm does not come often, not once 
indeed in a century, but as certain conditions will produce 
such terrific disturbances, and as we never know how near they 
are at hand, it would be well to consider them in recommend- 
ing or building a shore protection. 

The conditions that would have to exist to bring about one 
of these coast storms are, first, the trend of the coast straight 
ahead to the east for one hundred and fifty miles, with neither 
promontory or estuaries to break the momentum of the waves 
started. They would come in with increasing velocity. When 
the highest Spring tide takes place, involving the combination 
of the solar, lunar and sidereal influences, in conjunction with 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 71 


a storm of almost hurricane power from the east, veering a 
few points to the south, and thus causing the waves to lash 
and churn the shore, under these tidal and meteorological 
influences all the business part of Coney Island would be 
submerged, and the unprotected eastern and middle coast of 
the island would be washed away. <A northeast storm would 
build out the coast, the shoal above spoken of would have a 
tendency to force the volume of water against the shore, and 
with the fury of the tempest the waves would do great damage. 
One could readily imagine, with the syzygies of the tides, how 
old Neptune, roused by the tempest to his fiercest fury, 
would thunder against the Long Island coast and speed with 
increasing velocity down this trend of the shore to spend his 
energy in snowy billows on and near Coney Island. 

This open and straight coast line has a great advantage in 
another way. It prevents the damming up of the tide as is the 
vase where there are bays, &c. Thus the sum of the height of 
the tides caused by the sun and moon at Coney Island is only 
51 feet, while the same tide at Boston is 11 feet, or 
twice asmuch. This is caused by Massachusetts Bay afford- 
ing place for the tides to cumulate, while with our open 
coast they are freely dissipated. 

This also holds good as to long continued driving storms 
from the east and south on our coast, where the storms alone 
can only raise the level of the water 4 feet, and 8 feet at 
Boston. The greatest height of submersion, outside of a tidal 
wave, that can take place at Coney Island, is 9} feet. This, 
however, 1s sufficient to flood the whole island. In addition 
to this the devastating force of the waves is sufficient to batter 
and destroy everything in its sweep. The short time that the 
tide is at its height is long enough to produce a wonderful 
change in the appearance of things. ‘The concourse is just six 
feet above mean high tide. Several times during storms, at 
the ordinary tide, the waves have dashed a foot above it. 
Thus it is seen what would be necessary to contend against in 
providing shore protections. It would not be wise to build 
short of this. 


72 REPORT OF THE 


The concourse lands at Coney Island originally contained 70 
acres. They have a sea frontage of 2,750 feet anda uniform 
depth of one thousand feet. The shore front has materially 
changed. The depth at the eastern end is not half what it 
was. The beach and the end of the concourse drive are both 
gone. The west end has gained 200 feet. While an area of 
about eight acres has washed away at the east end, three acres 
have been added to the west end. These lands are intersected 
on the north side, near the centre by the renowned Ocean 
Parkway. This triple drive, 210 feet wide and 55 miles long, 
with the concourse lands and improvements, cost complete, 
approximately, $1,000,000. A portion of this expense was 
borne by the adjacent property owners. The concourse lands 
alone, with these shore protections, are now worth this amount ; 
and if rated from a sanitary point of value to those who live 
within a half hours ride of them, many millions would not 
compensate for their loss. 

This tract of land, before its improvement, had quite an un- 
even surface. The northerly sides, especially the neighborhood 
near Bader’s Hotel, were low and swampy and covered with 
swamp grass. Longitudinally near its centre aad crossing 
obliquely where the concourse drive extends, was a ridge 
of sand hills or dunes, some of them ten feet above high 
tide. These erratic sand formations are made _ entirely 
by the wind on the dry sand, whose action is the same 
as dust in the streets or sand in the desert. The 
height to which the waves raised the sand is easily 
determined by the strata of shells that are thrown up by the 
sea after a storm. ‘This detritus of white ocean sand, or sea. 
dust, is caused by the ceaseless action of the waves on the 
coast, constantly rolling and grinding pebbles, rock and gravel, 
together, the attrition wearing them to sand. This restless 
moving, generated by centuries of motion, seems to remain in 
it even long afterwards. Tf contained in the ocean it will travel 
thousands of miles along the coast. If cast upon the shore, it 
is constantly shifting by the action of the wind. 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 73 


The concourse was partly improved and open to the public 
in 1876. The improvement consisted of a beach concourse 
made of bituminous concretes running the entire length of the 
ocean front, 100 feet wide, for carriages and pedestrians. It 
did not prove very durable, as in 1884 it was not fit to use, and 
had to be replaced by a new covering at a cost of $30,000. It 
is located about 500 feet from the north boundary. This con- 
course was protected on the shore side by an inclined asphalt 
surfacing, three inches thick, and about eighteen feet wide, 
buried in the sand to low tide mark, and connected with the 
edge of the concourse concrete. It has protected the con- 
course from being undermined by the waves when they came 
from the front, but has proved useless when attacked obliquely 
at the side on the east end. Thus the great storm in January, 
1878, washed over the entire concourse and did not injure it, 
while merely high tides with an eastern current now do great 
damage. The inclined bituminous concrete shore protection 
does not seem to offer any adequate resistance. 

In the Annual Report of 1885, the Chief Engineer says, 
“During the storm which prevailed on the 24th November, the 
ocean face of the bituminous concrete upon the embankment 
of the concourse was carried away for a length of 250 feet by 
15 feet in width at the easterly end, this has been inevitable in 
consequence of the gradual encroachment of the water under 
the influence of northeast storms, from which direction the 
greatest amount of damage to this shore results. The system 
of rectangular bulkheads or enclosed cribbing, composed 
principally of rough timber, which had been adopted by the 
Manhattan Improvement Co., has long tended to invite the 
attacks of the elements upon the easterly shore of the island, 
and the destruction of that part of the beach has been so 
general, as to’ completely modify the configuration of that 
portion of the ocean front between the Oriental and the Con- 
course property.” 

The result of this was that the next Board of Estimate, in 
1886, appropriated $10,000 to be spent in 1887, to protect the 
beach. In the meantime each succeeding storm had con- 


10 


74 REPORT OF THE 


tinued to encroach, and when a plan could be decided upon, - 


and the contract awarded, the amount was too small to meet 
the requirements. Such a construction partook of the nature 
of an experiment. To hold the shore where it was, and 
watch the’ action of the waves on it, was necessary in 
order to know how far it would be well to recommend 
it in the future. After inquiring into several systems 
and consulting with engineers, the Commissioners decided 
to try the Dutch Fascine Mattress system and a con- 
tract was awarded to Kh. Kanters & Son, Holland, Michigan, 
being the same plan as has been used for a century past on the 
dykes in Holland. The contractors have been slow in putting 
it up and have allowed the severe November storms to surprise 
them with a portion unfinished, which was destroyed. The 
completed part has stood, though in an exposed position, and 
subjected to very strong currents and tides, and saved the 
concourse back of it. At either end of this protection the 
concourse is being rapidly washed away, and not having length 
enough along the shore, will in all probability, by Spring, be 
exposed on all sides. The heavy Spring tides may destroy it 
entirely. This strong flanking current from the east, we think, 
has not been considered at its full value by these engineers, as 
was the case with the former ones. “We are of the opinion that 
a strong barrier heading out at the east end is necessary to 
break the force of the waves and make it easier to contend 
against them from the southern front. 

During the recent storm, old Neptune appeared to be ina 
petulant mood and seemed to act as though a fancied insult had 
been intended to him in these shore protections, for he took a 
number of large timbers from under an adjacent hotel and with 
fiendish delight hurled them with well directed blows against 
the inclined asphalt. The blows were as accurate as if de- 
livered by human hands. 

An appropriation of 350,000 was made to fill in the space 
back of the concourse, an area of nearly forty acres. White 
coast sand was first hauled in and leveled to a height of 
31 feet at one end and 1} feet at the other, below the 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 75 


surface of the concourse drive. On this is placed two feet of 
good earth, which is being hauled from Brooklyn by the 
Brighton Beach Railroad for the contractors, Cranford & Val- 
lentine, at a cost of 47 cents per cubic yard, to the Park De- 
partment. On this is to be placed one foot of rich loam earth, 
which is to be sown in grass, and will leave the greensward 
above the line of the concourse. The present appropriation 
will finish about two-thirds of the area. The western section 
will be finished first. Fifty thousand dollars more was asked 
for and was allowed by the Board of Supervisors to finish the 
filing and making of a lawn, put in a substantial sewer and 
build a drive on the extreme western side, thus making a cir- 
cuit drive as a terminus of the Ocean Parkway. The Board of 
Estimate, however, did not see fit to grant it, and as a con- 
sequence the concourse will continue to have the unfinished 
and forlorn appearance it has always had. 

Having stated with some detail the condition and state of 
affairs at Coney Island, we would recommend that a strong 
and durable pier and breakwater be built on the eastern 
boundary, from a secure point inland opposite Dixon’s Hotel, 
southerly out to sea to the original 1,000 feet shore line, turn- 
ing the corner with an easy curve and running westward 
parallel with the concourse about 400 feet. Such a pier should 
be made of piles, eribbed and filled with rock. It should 
be twelve feet high above mean high tide, well put  to- 
gether with piles driven deep. It should be backed on the 
inside of its entire length to a width of a hundred feet 
or more, with strong earth or clay. The eastern front 
would act as a breakwater, shielding and protecting the 
property against the strong eastern current which would 
then flow around the curve to the southern face of the 
barrrier. Thus the natural direction of the current would be 
restored by the straight and non-retarding face of the sea wall, 
which would tend to guide it back into its old natural course. 
The accretions at the west eud would in time probably be 
lost, and the coast straightened as before. The small bay 
behind the coast defense would gradually fill with sand, owing 
to its sheltered position. 


76 REPORT OF THE 


The action of a strong eastern current on Coney Island, with 
this improvement made, would be, to strike the Manhattan 
shore with great force, being warded that way by the Rockaway 
bar. Being now retarded on one side by the jetties there, the 
course of the tide is deflected shoreward, and as there is no 
inlet yet for it to flow through, it has to double on itself in a 
small bay, and swirl around in contracted quarters, scooping 
up the sand as ibgoes. In its natural tendency to straighten 
itself out it would break over the southeast corner of the con- 
course lands, thus destroying them. The tendency of its 
course seaward is attested by the fact that sand has continued 
to form on the shore at the west end. With the improvement 
made, as referred to, the result would be that the current 
closely following the coast would strike against it obliquely 
and be driven to sea, where it would come in contact with the 
heavy off-shore current and be carried with it straight down 
the coast. This breakwater would, under the present condi- 
tion, be struck at the opposite angle to that at which the 
Manhattan breakwaters are struck. 

In making this sea wall 12 feet high above mean high tide, 
the sea would never wash over it, but would only wet it with 
the spray. The drives should all be 10 feet above tide. There 
would be no danger of the lands being flooded, and whatever 
flowers, grass or shrubbery might be there would be safe, if the 
coast line should straighten up again between the concourse 
and the Manhattan and the current strike the breakwater from 
the southeast. The coast line can easily be maintained by 
taking it in time, and using light fascine mattresses at exposed 
points, similar to those now being used. 

The building of this sea wall is not a matter of such magni- 
tude as might at first appear. It would need to be 1,000 feet 
long, 20 feet wide, and would average 20 feet deep. The driv- 
ing of piles is not expensive, as it is quickly done by hydraulic 
forcing. The rock ballast can be had in many cases for the 
hauling of it, while the filling in of earth at the back can be 
done for 47 cents per cubic yard. It can thus be seen at a 
elance that the whole improvement would not be an expensive 


QP 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 17 


one, as the building of this mural wall and embankment is in 
no way an experiment. It has been accomplished at numerous 
points on the sea coast. Even if it were expensive, however, 
the best and most permanent things are always in the end the 
cheapest and most satisfactory. This Committee would most 
earnestly urge that no time be lost in its completion. The 
above result can be also obtained by piling up stone into 
a massive shore protection, making what is known as rip-raps. 

This broad embankment, projecting well out to sea, would 
be a favorite resort and the eight acres reclaimed would be 
worth as much as the cost of the undertaking. 

The protections already alluded to would present two points 
open to criticism. First, that they would destroy ina measure 
the beach and the breakers; and second, that they would 
to some extent obliterate the grand spectacle of a natural 
ocean shore. 

The sea park could be securely built by retreating inland 
to a safe distance, thus allowing for all shiftings of the shore, 
and. at the same time high enough to be insured against 
inundation. 

Inasmuch as the ocean front of the concourse grounds is 
limited, it is therefore necessary, in order to the thorough 
completion of any system of coast protection, that adjoining 
property holders on either side of the concourse front should 
co-operate with the city in the construction and carrying out 
of such a system. 

The value of a sea side park to this great city, as a sani- 
tarium and pleasure ground is too well known and admitted to 
make it necessary for us to argue in its behalf. Brooklyn is 
more than fortunate in her location, and has more advantages 
than any other large city, the greatest of which is its close 
proximity to the ocean and other water surroundings. Brook- 
lyn and San Francisco are the only two cities on this continent 
that have sea parks. New York is ambitious in this direction 
and feels proud that it has secured a site on the narrow part of 
the Sound. In Europe Stockholm appears to be the only city 
that has a’ sea park, and it of course is on an inland sea. 


78 REPORT OF THE 


Japan possesses one at Tokio. Itis thus seen how searce 
they are. None of them compare with Coney Island in the 
erandeur of its breakers. The sea air there is as richly laden 
with medicinal qualities as any part of the coast. Both 
infants and adults can be immediately revived and benefited 
by it. 

Brooklyn being favored over any other city in the world in 
this respect, would be remiss beyond expression, were it to 
neglect or lose its interest in its sea park. 

The connecting of Brooklyn’s beautiful park on Prospect 
Heights, by the five mile Ocean Parkway, with a sea park on 
the ocean shore, is one of the grandest conceptions that could 
be formed, and the name of its projector will live as long as 
Paris’ great Haussmann. 

In all improvements made.there, care should be taken to 
have them durable and permanent beyond question and the 
surface raised, so as to be out of reach of the waves. 

The feature of a white sand beach should never be given up, 
as it can be maintained under the most adverse conditions. 
If the very worst should come, a sea wall could be made at 
the west end, similar to the one at the east, leaving a wide gate 
in the centre and a circular coast inside, affording safe and 
more protected bathing. 

By having a proper understanding of the worst dangers 
that the concourse lands can be subjected to from the ocean, 
it is fully and completely within the power of engineering 
skill to make them as safe as if located inland. 


The Parks of Brooklyn and Their Dearing Upon 
The Future Development of the ‘City. 


It is doubtful whether the original site of any American 
city, prior to its settlement, ever offered more rare and beauti- 
ful natural advantages for the systematic construction of 
parks than did that particular portion of Long Island lying 
in and about the locality of Brooklyn. The serried slopes 
ranging down to the riyer on either side of the long ridge that 


4 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 79 


traverses the island, presented at each successive point of 
declination superb features of natural beauty which ought to 
have been relieved by art, rather than remorselessly covered 
up and lost to sight in the construction of the city. The per- 
sistent sacrifice of such superior sites with their natural ad- 
vantages for parks and squares is one of the most deplorable 
and mischievous mistakes that has ever been made by 
Brooklyn. As time breeds its own revenges, the force of this 
statement will be more and more felt in the future growth of 
the city. 

The most conspicuous instance of this short-sighted folly is 
Brooklyn Heights. In oid Indian days the Algonquins and 
Iroquois were the two great races of red men occupying the 
eastern part of the Continent. From them we get the original 
roots of the Indian language. Scattered through the different 
States were their tribal and sub-tribal divisions. The Mon- 
tauks were the generic tribe of Long Island. Large heaps of 
broken shells at scattered points along the shore tell of their 
industry in manufacturing the circulating currency of the 
country, viz., Wampum or seawant, which was made by cutting 
out the inner pillars of the quahog or conch shell, or the 
circular eye of the hard-shell clam and periwinkle. The 
blue ones were specially valuable. The tribes through 
the interior were supplied with shell money and shell beads 
and trinkets from these seawant mints. The Montauks were 
divided into several tribal and sub-divisions, among which were 
the Canarsie Indians. A favorite watching ground of this 
tribe, whence its plumed warriors might view the meeting of 
the waters and devoutly contemplate the Great Spirit in the 
setting of the sun, was the spot now known as Brooklyn 
Heights. The name given to this cedar-crowned bluff by the 
aborigines was “ Ish-pa-tig-oga” (ugh place of trees). This 
harsh appellation became gradually softened by use to the 
beautiful name of ‘ [hpetonga.” 

Towering back on this high bluff stood its stately temple of 
cedars. Hundreds of years had been busy in its architecture. 
The cycles of lost centuries slept in the rings of its great 
trees. 


80 REPORT OF THE 


In this temple the Indian tribes reverently gathered with 
emotions of religious awe. It was their popular resort. It 
was open for all to use and to enjoy. To this beautiful 
spot at length came the settlers. They warned off the Indians. 
They cut down most of the high trees. They desecrated the 
ancient temple and _ replaced its solemn architecture 
with rows of residences, fronting on the water, gradually shut- 
ting out from view, save to a few favored eyes, the splendid 
spectacle that lay beyond; till at length nothing remains to 
tell of the great temple of cedars save the lingering echoes of 
its lovely name, “Ihpetonga.” Jn all this let us be distinctly 
understood, We are not animadverting upon the arts of 
civilization as displayed in the architecture of Brooklyn 
Heights. We are not questioning the right of occupancy or 
ownership. We are simply stating in thisreport what should 
obtain, as a constructive principle, in the laying out of great 
cities, viz., that those particular spots which are specially 
notable for the favors of nature and from which noble views 
can be obtained by the common people should, in part at least, 
be, so far as possible, thrown open forthe public use. 

With such a praiseworthy object in view an attempt was 
made in 1825 by H. B. Pierrepont (be it remembered to his 
honor forever), to preserve a portion of this peerless eminence 
for such public purposes. Feeling the importance of a park 
at that point for the people, he went to no small expense in 
laying out a plan for its construction. At that time a few of 
these cedars were still standing. This plan was submitted to 
the village trustees, as well as to the parties in interest, and was 
by them approved. It was finally, however, defeated through 
the obdurate selfishness of one individual who held a small 
interest in the property. Thus the project fell through. 

Another signal spot that should have been reserved as a 
city square was the conical knoll, formerly known as Cobble 
Hill, situated at Atlantic avenue and Court street. Other 
superior sites might be likewise mentioned, ad seriatim. 
This continual surrender of rare natural sites at length aroused 
a number of citizens to the sense of their duty in the premises. 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 81 


An appeal was made to the Governor in behalf of a park 
system. In 1835, he appointed the first Commission to project 
the plan of such a system. The Commission worked faithfully 
and finally, in 1839, submitted the plans for such an undertak- 
ing 


», recommending that eleven sites be reserved for parks and 
squares as follows: Johnson Square, Lafayette Green, Bedford 
Green, Marcy Square, Prospect Square, Reid Square, Fulton 
Square, Mount Prospect Square, Tompkins Park, Washington 
Park and City Park. Even the three last named came very 
near sharing the fate of the rest. 

As late as 1868, when all necessary laws had been passed pro- 
viding for the improvement of Washington Park, a determined 
effort was made to defeat such a project by attempting to divide 
up this beautiful historic spot into building lots and to dispose 
of them at auction; the only argument in favor of such 
vandalism being that the property would fetch a good price. 
The authors of such an attempt were betraying the future 
development of Brooklyn as the Iscariot betrayed his Lord. 
He, however, set such men a good example. In this way the 
city has been defrauded of a system of equal distribution in her 
parks. A distributive ratio of real estate values has also been 
lost through the failure of such an enterprise. The value of 
property would have been advanced in the vicinity of such parks 
and squares, and consequently a larger revenue would have 
accrued to the city from such improvements. The uniform 
testimony of foreign cities has been, that parks enhance 
property not alone by beautifying it, but also by arresting a 
continuous order of architecture. There is nothing so 
surfeiting to the eye as that long drawn sameness, bred of 
interminable blocks of city houses, all built on one pattern of 
architectural uniformity. No difference in deyice. No modifi- 
cation in design. No change in color. The contagion catches 
by reason of the contiguity. Throw in at different points fine 
parks, and you break up all this uniformity. Unity is not 
uniformity. The arrangement of bricks in a building is 
uniformity. The outline of a tree, including all its parts in 
one living whole, is unity. The more perfect the unity the 


11 


82 REPORT OF THE 


more complex the diversity. The power of this constructive 
principle is no where better demonstrated than in that great 
work of art, viz. the construction of a great city. 

But there is something far more serious than the lack of 
architectural art or the failure of governing powers to reserve, 
for public purposes, a sufficient number of suitable sites. It 
is the embarrassing tact that the beautiful crests of the hills, 
lying just beyond us in the very path of the fast growing city, 
have been with infinite unwisdom converted into cemeteries, 
Once more we,must beg to be distinctly understood. No spot 
is too sacredly beautiful for the dead. No anxious guard too 
eternal for the mortuary marble. But im reverencing the 
dead we must not be recreant to the living. The health, the 
life, the collective welfare of great multitudes of human beings, 
are things far more important than the sepulture of those 
to whom health and disease alike have long since ceased to be 
either a blessing or a curse. Such an embarrassment is 
exasperating by the monstrous fact that New York buries most 
of its dead in these great necropolises of Brooklyn. Nearly 
every ferry-boat at stated hours conveys a funeral. Thus the 
city of the dead is fast becoming larger than the city of the 
living. There should be a law restricting the construction of 
cemeteries in the proximity of great cities, in view of the 
ehastly reflections with which old cities have found themselves 
at last confronted. A more discerning provision should be 
exercised for the future. Fortunately Greenwood, the beauti- 
ful Pere la Chaise of America, is exempt from this harsh com- 
ment by reason of its. wise situation to the sideward of, the 
city. The conclusion seems unavoidable, that the time will 
come when the cemeteries, lying in the central rush of the 
current of the city’s growth, must be removed to some outlying 
locality, unless the ancient custom of cremation, already in 
vogue at the Fresh Pond Furnace, shall be universally 
adopted. ; 

In connection with the Department of Public Parks, the 
Cominittee beg to recommend that a Topographical Com- 
mission be appointed, by the Mayor, whose duty it shall be to 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 83 


study the future development of Brooklyn, with a view to the 
proper establishment of a system of parks, squares, commons, 
and drives ; taking into consideration the yearly rate at which 
population is increasing and what it will be fifty years hence, 
being governed in these conclusions by the statistics of the 
past. fifty years, while, at the Same time not forgetful of the 
increased facilities which will enormously quicken its growth 
in the future. Other countries have produced beautiful cities 
by such a plan of systematic study. The results of their ex- 
perience should be carefully examined and a comparison made 
in order that it might be shown just how much park acreage 
is needed. The following statistical tables will show how far 
Brooklyn is behind every other large city in the world: 


84 


TABLE OF COMPARISONS OF PARK ACREAGE, 


REPORT OF THE 


UNITED STATES. 


: Park Po aianon 

Cities. Population. Acreage. | i ee are 
[Brooklyn 27s.) eee ee 750,006 678 1,106 
Ne WwaWworksy <2)... suse eee 1,200,000 Halipi "239 
Philadelphia... eee $47,000 3,000 282 
(Chicas orine ic nse eee 503,000 a 000 168 
IBOSUOME Ase se tia. eine ess 390, 000 2 290 170 
Ste Womrseeses 4 ante 359,000 | 2,232 157 
Baltimore). 4.c0rea: % a peas 332, 000 | 776 428 
Spud yee 2 QB Lae. 234.000 1,181 198 
Washington..._.. ~ 188,060 1,000 188 

Ba pabomow ose. Wee: 160,000 900 178 "| 

Rotalimine ciliesi-= «| see eer | lee ee 2,001 
General averages. 23). 5s2yseeer pases 222 


x é 
*Ocean and Eastern Parkways not included in acreage. 


+ Including late purchases of sites. 


FOREIGN CITIES. 


Acreage 


shee Park Population = 

CiriEs. Popvtlation. Acreage. | per oneacre |; mut coiiants, 3 
Mond On nec ea: ace 3,832,000 22,000 174 5 76 
ParIsten yet Core 2,270,000 58,600 37 25 55 
Berlin ead. te 1 Geese 1,122,000 5,000 224 4 45 

Wieninae eae on: coy Baers 1,103,000 $000 138 (oon 

MNGKIO. lac ae cee a eee 1,000,000 6,000 166 6.00 
Brussels eo seeeon nee 380,000 1,000 380 2.63 
Arnsterndam: 9 qs-rce1e 350,000 800 437 2.28 
Wublini es eee ee 250.000 1,900 131 7 60 
Totalveichtcities'e1\22 5 Saas oa| eae ce eee 1,687 61.52 
Generalfaverace 2 |seG. 6 ee a ae eee 211 7.69 
Average ofvall®., S| ce< 3: 42 al) oso eee 216 6 31 


‘ 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 85 


The number of inhabitants to one acre of land, the number 
of acres allotted to one thousand inhabitants in each city, the 
ten principal cities of the United States and eight of the 
principal cities of the old world, are given in these tabulated 
statistics. They also disclose the fact that Brooklyn has not, 
in her area, one fifth of the space devoted to parks that the 
other American cities have ; while as compared to the cities 
of HKurope she has seven times less park acreage. Taking, as 
shown in the tables, these different centres, scattered all over 
the world, representing different races of people whose repre- 
sentative minds have bestowed great thought and study upon 
this subject, the conclusion clearly reached proves that in 
order to the proper maintenance of the public health, there 
should be an acre of ground, reserved for public use, to every 
250 inhabitants. 

The inhabitants of Brooklyn are crowded in at the rate of 
over 1,100 to the acre. Think of this a moment—every acre in 
the city is about the size of a city block, viz., 208 feet square. 
Every person in Brooklyn has a right to use the public parks 
at the same time. Suppose this should happen, how could 
1,100 people use simultaneously a space 208 feet square, for 
public purposes ? 

Why is it that Brooklyn is so far behind all other cities in 
her quota of parks? How does it happen that she has a park 
at all? Simply and solely because, in spite of their being heaped 
with calumny, a few intrepid public minded men persisted in 
earrying out such a project and could not be diverted from its 
forthright. 

Recently, leading men of Boston and New York have 
recognized the fact that those cities were behind the great 
cities of the world in this important particular, and set them- 
selves about remedying this defect. To this end they secured 
additional territory and placed New York and Boston on the 
seale of computative comparisons at a respectable percentage. 

Another important topic for consideration that follows in 
the track of great cities, is good sewerage. We find on exami- 


86 REPORT OF THE 


nation that the largest cities on the continent, with the least 
natural advantage for either parks or drainage, have been 
made by artificial means the healthiest cities in the world. 

Thus Paris, situated on low ground, intersected by a small 
river, but having in her survey an acre of public land, reserved 
for public uses, to every thirty-seven persons out of her more 
than two millions of inhabitants, even throwing out the great 
forest of Fontainebleau, still maintains her lead in park 
acreage. 

With the largest drains in the world she has the lowest 
death rate of any of the larger cities, while in Brooklyn, in 
spite of her splendid natural advantages, where health is a 
drug in the market, the death rate is higher than in most 
other large cities. And this fact glares at us with an ugher 
look as we remember that Brooklyn is the third city in the 
Union and, China and Japan counted out, the seventh city in 
the world. 

Should she not take better care than that of her traditions ? 
Should she not begin the redemption of her record? Should 
she not consult with some alarm her census? Should she not 
have a better class of houses built for her working people ? 
Should she not have such broad streets lined with stately 
mansions as are seen in Cleveland, Boston, and Washington ? 
Should she not have commodious hotels? Should she not give 
a cordial welcome to the world’s capital that is at her gates? 
At the very least her face should not be set against these 
things. 

Such a state of things, in spite of cheap unworthy defences, 
argues a lack of that local pride, that hand in hand with high 
intellectual attainments, goes forward as the leading power in 
the development of other cities. 

Why is there such a self-confessed lack of pubble spirit in 
Brooklyn ? 

Against such an anomaly stands out in grateful contrast the 
public spirited self-sacrifice and sagacity of a group of men, 
whose very fewness only serves to set them off in a stronger 
light. In that little group the prominent figure is that of J. 8. 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 87 


T. Stranahan. To him belongs the honor of inaugurating a 
system of public parks and boulevards, and starting it well 
upon its way. 

The system of elevated railroads that is weaving its spider- 
ous web over this great city 1s on the road to completion. 
With the opening of its aerial highways, the influx of people 
into Brooklyn will be greatly increased. This generation 
will yet see the boundary of the city limits drawn on the 
map by a line running from Flushing Bay, taking in Jamaica, 
across to Jamaica Bay. The parks and boulevards should 
be the avant couriers of the city in its mighty strides 
forward. To fully develop New Brooklyn, as it should be, 
along the high ground of the island, Kings County should be 
extended to this line The present area of Kings is almost 
identical with that of the city, and soon the county will find 
itself with many of its public duties of a merely perfunct- 
ory character. A county should be large enough for a city 
to grow in. No city should be crowded on any side in 
its natural and symmetrical development. The area of 
Queens County is quite large while that of Kings is small. It 
would be a much more equitable division of territory were the 
boundary line of Kings County extended below Jamaica. All 
of this portion would then be a guarantee of increased valuation 
for the land ceded to Kings County, and consequently a corres- 
ponding benefit to its owners. 

Could New Brooklyn be laid out in advance of its actual 
erowth on the same prospective plan as that pursued in 
constructing the new parts of Boston, Washington or New 
York, so as to develop the idea as suggested of having a con- 
tinuous drive through or around the city by a system of parks, 
squares and betterments, linked together in an unbroken 
chain by noble and well shaded parkways; could this be done, 
the future of the city would at least redeem its past. And 
just here it is that the whole discussion of this subject, to 
which we have devoted this closing chapter of four report, 
climbs into importance. 


88 REPORT OF THE 


The city is striding forward at an almost spectral rate, 
laterally as well as longitudinally. She will soon knock at 
the doors of Jamaica. Her whole area will be traversed by 
a system of elevated railroads, to be itself in turn traversed 
by another lateral system of iron roads connecting North 
and South Brooklyn. The surface cars will be moved by better 
motors. The East river will be spanned by bridges at 
important points between the upper and lower parts of 
the two great cities. All avenues of communication and 
intercommunication that can be opened to facilitate trafic 
and travel, will be opened. Brooklyn has the room in which 
to grow. There is nothing in her way. The whole of Long 
Island is the landscape garden of her dreams. Coral isles have 
not risen out of the water in asingle night with more astonish- 
ing celerity than has been the growth of this great city of the 
sea. 

The important question is—Hov shall she grow? Shall her 
growth be an adventitious graft or shall it be rather as the re- 
sult of a germinal plan, a definite and well devised construction. 

Nothing really worthy of the name of art is ever attempted 


until the artist has first clearly conceived in outline the whole 


plan or plot of his undertaking. 

There are no accidents. There is no amateur art. Precisely 
such a topographical prospectus applies to a great city. A 
large tract of territory should be acquired in advance of its 
growth. A topographical commission should be appointed to 
survey its area and study it in all its features and surroundings. 
The proper sites for parks, squares, commons, broad boulevards 
and fine drives, should be selected and reserved. Proper 
restrictions should be placed on property. In short, all that 
has not been done in the old city should be done in the new ; 
and this should all be done in advance. 

Should sucha plan be pursued Brooklyn would become the 
first residential watering place in this country. Thither would 
flock persons of leisure, who would spend their incomes on the 
island and add to its wealth and general well being. 
Tn their train would follow those permanent public institutions 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 89 


so much needed in Brooklyn, that abound in older cities, where 
persons of wealth, culture and refinement make their homes. 
These places of art, information and recreation would be 
correspondingly beneficial to the general public. In this way 
also the architectural aspects of this city would be greatly 
improved. In place of long caravansaries of cheap tenements 
would be erected substantial edifices and stately dwellings. 
Let the future construction of this great city of homes be 
earried out upon that great constructive principle, ‘ Never 
construct an ornament, but always ornament construction.” 


D. M. SOMERS, 
Eauecutive Committee. 
GEO. W. OAKLEY, 
hLinance Commiiice. 
ANSON FERGUSON, 


Auditing Committee. 


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DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 95 


Office of General Superintendent, 
PROSPECT PARK. 
Brooxtyn, January 1, 1888. 
To the Brooklyn Park Commissioners. 
GENTLEMEN : 

The work during the past year upon the several parks, park- 
ways, &e., under the jurisdiction of the Brooklyn Park Com- 
nussioners, has been similar to that performed in previous 
years, save on a larger scale. 

The report of the Committee, as elsewhere presented, covers 
so exhaustively all items of improvement, etc., that any reca- 
pitulation of them on my part is unnecessary. 

Tsubnit herewith the bookkeeper’s statement, showing how 
the money was spent in labor and material. 

Also the report of the Captain of Police. 

The usual meteorological report is also submitted. 

As the life of the park is its trees, shrubs and plants, and 
the public is justly mindful of them, I think it would be well 
to describe some of them. 

It would require too much space to enumerate all the species 
of trees, shrubs and vines on the park, as there is no catalogue 
in print containing the number and variety which may be 
found there. 

The following deseription of some of the most beautiful and 
‘are trees, Shrubs, &e., of both native and foreign origin, and 
their general locality in the park, may be of some interest. 


Trees of Prospect Park. 


Commencing with the deciduous, there are the quercus, or 
oaks—such as the quercus nigra, or black oak ; quereus fasti- 
giata, or pyramidal oak; quercus alba, or white oak ; quercus 
coccinea, or scarlet oak ; quercus robinia, or English oak ; and 
many others. ‘These may all be found in the vicinity of the 
deer paddock and battle-pass and other portions of the park. 


96 REPORT OF THE 


Near the main or plaza entrance the quercus cerris pendula, 
or weeping oak, is the only one of its kind im the park. Itis 
five inches in diameter and over twenty feet in height. 

Fagus pendula, or weeping beech, a very fine specimen, is at 
the road steps near the main entrance on the west drive. It 
is about thirty feet high and is well furnished from the ground 
to the top. Near the same vicinity is a fine specimen of 
eymnocladus cannadensis, or Kentucky coffee tree—the only 
species of this genus growing in the United States. It is 
found from Canada and Western New York to Louisiana, and 
erows only on the richest soils. Itis a beautiful and lofty 
tree, but slender in proportion to its height. The wood of the 
coffee tree is of a rosy color, finely grained, compact, strong 
and durable, and very suitable for cabinet work. The barren 
and fertile flowers are produced on different trees. The seeds 
are large and grow ina large curved pod which remains on 
the tree until Spring. This tree takes its name from the use 
of its seeds as a substitute for coffee. 

They are propagated by cuttings from the root, and seeds 
sown early in the Spring. The seeds should be soaked in 
warm water for twenty-four hours before planting. 

The maples on the park are very fine and of great variety, 
many of which are to be found near the main entrance. 

The acer pseudo platanus, or sycamore maple; acer 
negundo, or ash-leaved maple; acer rubrum colchicum, or red 
maple; acer dasycarpum, or silver-leaf maple; acer compe- 
stris, or English field maple; acer saccharinum, or sugar 
maple; acer platanoides, or Norway maple; acer saccharinum 
nigra, or black sugar maple; and acer rubrum, or swamp 
maple; all grow well, and many are exceptional for their size 
and vigor. 

The acer saccharinum, or sugar maple, is by far the most 
valuable species of its genus. ; 

This species is often found of the height of seventy feet, 
with a diameter of three feet. . 

The wood is hard, heavy and strong, but not durable when 
exposed to the weather ; but, as fuel, it ranks next to hickory. 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. ' 97 


It is finely grained, and has a silky lustre when polished, and 
is extensively used for cabinet work and in naval architecture. 
From the sap of this maple a large quantity of sugar is pro- 
duced yearly, it having become quite an extensive industry in 
Vermont and other parts of the country. 

This species of maple should never be planted in low, flat 
lands, as it will not live where the soil 1s saturated with water 
during the growing season. 

The undulations and inflections of fibre called curled maple 
and bird’s eye maple, are used in veneering articles of furni- 
ture and are highly esteemed. 

The acer platanoides, or Norway maple, resembles the sugar 
maple, but is of slow growth for the first three years from 
planting the seed, but afterwards increases in size rapidly. 
As an ornamental tree it has some advantages over the sugar 
maple, its foliage beimg more dense, and its leaves appear 
earlier in the Spring, and retain their verdure later in the Fall. 

Near the border of the lake, towards No. 4 gate, is a choice 
collection of ulmus campestris, or English elm, some of which 
have been attacked by anew comer in the small grub which 
perforates the leaves, and makes them turn yellow early in the 
Fall. ‘To destroy them, I have experimented this Fall with a 
few trees by strewing small quantities of salt around some, 
and lime-water on others. 1 have been advised by Professor 
Pike of Brooklyn to sow the ashes of burnt tobacco over the 
sround. I intend to lay a covering on the ground of the 
stripped stems of tobacco, such as are of no use to the manu- 
facturer. This little pest resembles the larva of the fly. 

I think it would be well to try a few common tin lamps, 
such as peddlers use on street corners, secure them on poles, 
and at the proper times at night Heht them, which would no 
doubt destroy many thousands of moths, and a little per- 
severance in this experiment might be a certain cure in the 
future. 

T have often scraped the bark of fruit trees and given them 
a coat of whale oil soap with good results, and believe the eges 
which escaped the scraper were afterwards destroyed by the 
solution washed from the trees by rain. 


13 


> 


98 REPORT OF THE 


I hope the coming year will furnish satisfactory results to 
our experiments. 

Near the bridle road leading from Nethermead arches to 
the farm house may be found a variety of the carya, or hickory, 
natural order Inglandace. The hickory, common in most 
parts of the United States, is exclusively American. The dif- 
ferent species grow in a variety of soil, but resemble each 
other in the qualities of their timber. So close is the re- 
semblance that no difference can be detected in the grain or 
color of the wood; they are all heavy, and combine, though 
in different degrees, the qualities of hardness, strength and 
elasticity. They have also in common the disadvantages of 

speedy decay when exposed to heat and moisture, and a 
conaliciee hability to injury from worms. 

For new plantations of these trees the nuts should be 
planted in cold frames in the Fall, as they do not transplant 
well, and it would be best to use a four-inch pot for each nut 
before putting in the frame, as if sown in the ground they are 
sure to be discovered by rats, mice or squirrels, who are cun- 
ning in hunting them up. When trausplanted the young trees 
should receive clean culture until they are no longer in danger 
of being smothered by weeds, &c. 

In the same vicinity may be found a variety of the Castanea 
Americus, or American chestnut; several of which have a 
diameter of over four feet. In propagating this tree the same 
methods and precautions should be taken as with the hickory. 

Near the temporary bridge and Quaker cemetery there are 
several of the robinia psendacia, or common locust; the 
locust is generally a medium-sized tree, although it grows in 
Kentucky and Tennessee to the height of seventy feet, witha 
diameter of three to four feet. It has been widely dessemi- 
nated for ornament, and occasionally planted for the sake of 
its very valuable wood. As an ornament it is very handsome 
while young, but becomes homely as it advances in age. The 
wood is hard, compact, and strong, and resists decay longer 
than many other kinds. 

The varieties of the locust are white, yellow, black, and 
honey, all differing principally in the durability of the wood. 


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DEPARPMENT OF PARKS. igo Se, 99 
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The yellow locust is ‘exrown ‘on’ Long: Island. Ft was intro- 
duced from North Carolina about_oye hundred ‘and fifty years 
ago, and is greatly esteemed —this ae producing seed 
very sparingly. ig 

The white locust is so called from the color of the heart 
wood. It grows in similar soil, but is not very durable. This 
variety is sometimes called seed locust, from the abundance of 
seed which it produces. The locust may be propagated from 
suckers, but 1s best grown from seed sown in the Spring, which 
is usually prepared for sowing by pouring boiling water upon 
it and allowing it to stand until cool. The seed should then » 
be sown immediately. 

There is a species of borer “arhopalus robenie,” peculiar 
to the locust, which destroy many of these trees. 

The Maclura aurantiaca, or osage orange, is a pretty tree, 
erown alone as a standard. When kept in shape I have seen 
it throw shoots up ten feet long in one season. The flowers 
are white and very small, but the fruit is larger than an orange 
and of a brilliant golden yellow. It is very ornamental. The 
male and female flowers grow on different trees. It is sup- 
posed that the leaves of this tree would be equally as good as 
those of the white mulberry for feeding silk worms, as they 
abound in a milky juice which is very tenacious. 

The Maclura succeeds better ina rather poor soil when grown 
for hedge purposes, for which it is admirably adapted. Some 
fine specimens of this tree may be seen in the neighborhood of 
three arch bridge. 

Salisburia Adiantifolia, the Maiden Hair, or Ginkgo Tree.— 
A fine specimen of this tree is to be found growing near the main 
entrance back of the thatched cottage on west walk. The 
ginkgo has its origin in Japan, and in its native country is 
said to grow to a very large size. It is cultivated here as an 
ornamental tree, and is admired for the singularity of its 
foliage. 

It is commonly propagated from layers or cuttings, but it is 
said that plants grown from seed become the finest trees, al- 
though I have never seen a tree bearing seeds. The tree here 


to) 


100 REPORT OF THE 


described is over one foot in diameter, forty feet high, and one 
of the largest in the vicinity. ‘The veins or lines in the leaf 
erow straight from the stem, and are not interlined like other 
leaves. 

Near the playground, to the left of the main East Drive, are 
some fine specimens of the magnolia acuminatata, or cucumber 
tree ; and magnolia tripetela, or umbrella magnolia. 

Castanea vesea, or Spanish Chestnut.—The only one of this 
kind in the park is growing on the East Drive, near Battle 
Pass, and is noticeable in the Spring for its long, pendulous, 
hght-green catkins. This tree is nearly two feet in diameter 
and thirty-five feet high. 

On the bridle road leading from Nethermead arches to the 
farm house are some fine types of liriodendron tulipifera, or 
tulip tree. They are stately and interesting specimens, with 
straight stems of considerable height, and although a native 
tree are not very familiar to ordinary observers. Some of 
them are over four feet in diameter. These trees are covered 
in the early summer with beautiful blue flowers. 

Opposite Music Island, near the pedestrian concourse, there 
is a fine grove of platanus occidentalis, the plane or button 
ball tree, of twenty years’ growth, which furnish a pleasant 
shade in summer. 

All the varieties of the cornus Florida, or American dog- 
wood, which produces a large white flower, Fagus ferruginea, 
or American beech; and the fraxinus, or American ash, sue- 
ceed well on the park. Ail the European species of ash are 
subject to the borer, such as the fraxinus excelsa aurea, or 
golden barked ash; fraxinus excelsa punctura, or blotch leat 
ash; fraxinus. salixfolia, or willow-leaved ash; the ornus 
fraxemifolia, or flowering ash, is a sweet morsel for the borer, 
which they bore from root to branch. A number of these trees 
may be found on South Lake drive. 

In the neighborhood of battle pass, the Inglans nigra, or 
black walnut tree, is the only one left of a former group which 
occupied the high ground near valley grove road. Close by 
is the salix bablonica, which is also the only one remaining 
of a former group of weeping willows. 


EE 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 101 


In the woods between battle pass and the dairy cottage 
may be found many fine specimens of betula lenta, or black 
birch, and the nyssa multiflora; pepperige, or black gum. 
The pepperige is a medium sized tree that grows in both wet 
and dry soils. The fibre of the wood is so interwoven that it 
is almost impossible to split it. It is held in some estimation 
for ornamental purposes, but is difficult to transplant unless 
often removed. It is grown from seed, which generally remain 
in the ground a year before vegetating. 

In the vicinity of the play-ground to the left of the east 
drive, are to be found the sophora japonica, or Japan sophora ; 
the sophora japonica pendula, or weeping sophora ; much of it 
decays every year under the bliigiting influence of winter. 

The cladrastis tincloria, or yellow wood; many fine speci- 
mens of which are growing in the park, and the kolrenteria 
paniculata, or Chinese kolrenteria; the foliage of which is 
very handsome. It produces a large quantity of seed in 
bladder-shaped capsules, which remain on the tree ail winter. 

Around the pool at the children’s play ground there are 
many fine specimens of the araha nudicaulis, or Hercules club, 
with a beautiful foliage. This tree bears a large quantity of 
seed, resembling that of the elderberry, the high-holders are 
particulary fond of these berries when ripe. The oleagenus 
augustitoha or oleaster; very fragrant when in bloom, and 
commonly known as the American olive, the oystrya Viriginica, 
or American hop horn beam, which does well on all parts of 
the park; the rhus cortinas, or smoke tree, a very pleasing 
and airy shrub; the rhus cappallina, or dwarf sumach, very 
beautiful in the autumn from the rich coloring of its foliage ; 
and the tillia Muropoea, or European silver linden; many fine 
specimens of which can be found on west drive east of three 
arch bridge. It also grows well in all parts of the park. 

Ulmes latifolia Americana or American broad leayed elm. 
eA most perfect type of this tree can be seen south of play 
eround near battle pass. It is about fifty feet high. This 
particular tree is known as the Nellie tree, from the fact that 
a beautiful young lady, known-as Nellie, read for hours every 


102 REPORT OF THE 


fine day under the shade of this tree. After the death of the 
young lady her friends caused a tablet to be nailed on her 
favorite tree with the simple inscription, “ Nellie.” 

The present Park Commission caused three flower-beds of 
bright-foliaged plants to be made and planted around the tree 
with the name “ Nellie” formed out of them in the centre, in 
memory of her love and affection for Prospect Park. 

The large number and yariety of evergreens in the park 
comprises one of its most interesting features. 

Opposite quaker cemetery on the west drive, near the 
junction of the drive toward Look-out Hill, is a specimen par- 
ticularly worthy of notice, the cedrus atlantica, or Atlantic 
cedar, the only one in the park. It is some fifteen feet high 
and of a beautiful form, with dark green foliage. 

Larix Europoea, or European larch, is a native of France 
and Switzerland, and rises to the height of eighty or ninety 
feet, with a proportionate diameter. 

Soudin devotes fifty pages of his ‘ 
alone. This larch appears to combine the qualities of rapidity 
of growth, symmetry of form, durability of wood and adapta- 


‘Arboritum” to this species 


bility to a variety of uses. It grows from seed to about twenty 
or twenty-five feet in height in ten years, requires but very 
little pruning and seems to grow best on high ground. — Our 
American larch seems equal in all respects to the Huropean 
variety. 

The buxus semperoirens, or box tree, is a native of the 
temperate climate of Europe and Asia, growing from twenty to 
twenty-five feet in height. The wood is yellow and very 
hard, is finely grained,. and so heavy as to sink in water. 
It is used principally for wood engraving. It is a beautiful 
tree, and appears at its best in winter when the ground is 
covered with snow. Its foliage is most brillant when partially 
shaded by other trees. The seed should be sown as soon as 
ripe in dry rich mold, and in a shady spot. It is 
more commonly grown from cuttings about five inches 
long, which readily root if put in a frame of sandy soil early 
in the Fall and transplanted in the Spring. 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 103 


The leaf of the box is the only one that I know of that is 
double, the upper and lower ,surfaces not being connected 
except at the edge. ‘There are a few fine specimens of these 
growing south-west of Chftridge span bridge. 

The dwarf box is generally used for edgings, and grows 
freely from cuttings some six or seven inches long, which 
require to be watered freely until rooted. 

June is the best month in which to clip box edgings, for 
then it makes a new growth immediately ; when cut later they 
show the withered shear marks until the new growth takes 
place. 

Tlex opaca, the American Holly.—There are a few plants on 
the east mound now bearing fruit. In December, when the 
bushes are covered with snow, it is very pleasing to see the 
bright berrries peeping through. 

Taxus baccata, or English yew, a genus of tree of the natural 
order taxaceze, which is generally regarded as a sub-order of 
confiree, and is characterized by solitary and terminal fertile 
flowers, and with solitary ovule sessile in the centre of a fleshy 
dise, forming a sort of drupe when in fruit and by dicotyledon- 
ous seeds. The genus taxus is distinguished by a solitary 
terminal seed surrounded by a succulent cup. The species 
are diffused over the whole northern parts of the world, and 
are a large and beautiful evergreen with narrow lanceolated 
leaves. 

The common taxus baccata is a tree that grows thirty feet 
high, and the trunk is sometimes of great thickness, branching 
a few feet above the ground and forming a large and dense 
head. It is a native of the middle and south of Europe and of 
Siberia, and noble specimens are to be seen in many parts of 
Britain. It attains the great age of from three to four hundred 
years. Bows are made of the wood, which is very hard. 

The heart wood is of an orange color, and the fruit is red 
and was long supposed to be poisonous. The pulpy part is 
not. The seed, however, is a dangerous poison, and the leaves 
are a powerful narcotic. Although they are sometimes used 
as a vermifuge, their use is attended with danger. There are 


104 REPORT OF THE 


many fine specimens of this tree distributed through the park. 
Near the main entrance and playground are many fine 
specimens of the pinus. 

The pinus austriaca, or Austrian pine, are conspicuous for 
their lofty growth and fine form ; pinus cembra, or stone pine; 
pinun excelsa, or lofty rhotan pine, with long deep foliage ; 
pinus laricis, the Corsican pine, resembling the Austrian, but 
slower in growth. 

The pinus sylvestries, or Scotch pine, is subject to mildew. 
Its growth is shaggy and burnt looking. The same may be 
said of the pinus strobus, or white pine in some locations, 
after a growth of some twenty years. 

There are many fine abies or sprace, in this vicinity, par- 
ticularly the abies danglasie, or Douglass spruce, which are 
very choice. 

Nordmaniana picea amabilis; or silver fir ; picea nobélis, or 
noble fir ; picea cephalonica, or cephalonica fir ; picea pectinata, 
and many others of fine growth can be found in the vicinity of 
rocky pass, and many other parts of the park. 

At three arch bridge, near the road steps, there is a fine 
specimen of retinospora pisifera aurea, or golden retinospora, 
twenty feet in height; and cryptomeria lobia, or Japanese 
cedar. 

The Cunninghamia sinensis, or Chinese pine, is a half hardy 
tree and requires a sheltered situation. Some fine specimens 
are in the vicinity of rocky pass. 

Abies orientalis, eastern spruce, is a most desirable shrub. 
It thrives well in all parts of the park. It is of close, compact 
erowth and is not subject to scald or decay, as some of the 
abies alba, or white spruce. 


Climbin g Plants. 


Many hardy climbing plants may be seen in the vicinity of 
the dairy cottage. 

The aristolochia sipho, commonly called Dutchman’s pipe, 
is a vety curious and conspicuous flower. 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 105 


The Ampelopsis Virginaca, or Virginia Creeper.—lIts leaves 
in autumn are a deep crimson; and ampelopsis vertchie, which 
comes from Japan, are very fine plants for covering, and may 
be seen to advantage growing on the dairy cottage building. 

The bignonia radicans, or trumpet flower, is very showy and 
bears a bright orange flower early in summer. 

The celastrus scandens, or American bitter sweet; bearing 
bright berries, brilliant orange color all the Fall, and resem- 
bling those of the fire bush. The wistaria japonica, or elycina, 
bearing white flowers. The wistaria sinensis, or Chinese blue 
flower ; periploca eraeca, or virgin silk; clematis virginica, or 
virgin’s bower; kasinum, or jasmine, bearing white flowers ; 
lonecera hole or honeysuckle, striped monthly; and 
aurea reticulata, or golden leaf, are all in the same neighbor- 
hood. 

The akebia quinata, with flowers of deep chocolate color ; a 
fine specimen is growing under the weeping birch at road stop 
on west drive, near main entrance. 

There are also many on the rustic shelter near the play- 
eround and dairy cottage arbors. 


Tlouse Plants. 


The Agave Americana, or American Aloe.—Two fine speci- 
mens of this plant have been presented to the Park Com- 
missioners. 

Their appearance would indicate an age of about thirty 
years. 

The large leaves of the agave render it by no means adapted 
to the greenhouse, but as it only requires protection from frost, 
it may be kept in the cellar or potting shed, where there is but 
little light during the winter, and in summer may be set out 
on the lawn. It requires but very little water while in a state 
of repose, but a rich and loamy soil is necessary for its proper 
growth. 

Ti was formerly supposed that it blossomed only once in a 
hundred years, but this is an error, as it sometimes produces 

14 


106 REPORT OF THE 


its flower in hot countries in from fifteen to fifty years, varying 
according to the climate and the care bestowed o1 the plant. 
The flower stem is frequently thirty feet high, and the plant 
dies as soon as it has done flowering. 
The aloe is a native of Mexico and other tropical parts of 
this continent. 


Flowering Shrubs. 


The collection of flowering shrubs on the park is of great 
variety and beauty, a few choice specimens of which are here 
enumerated. 

The calycanthus floridus, or strawberry bush; a fine shrub, 
much admired for the sweetness of its flowers and wood, 
commonly known as alspice tree. There are many of them in 
the vicinity of the dairy cottage. 

Forsythia fortunii, forsythia suspensa, and forsythia 
veridissama. These three fine shrubs grow splendidly, their 
bright yellow blossoms being about the first to show in the 
Spring. 

The spirea reevie, spirea crutagofolia and spirea prumfolia, 
are very showy shrubs, bearing a profusion of white flowers, 
that keep in bloom until June and July. The spirea nana, is 
a dwarf shrub, and commences to bloom when most others 
are done flowering. 

All the “syringea” are sweet flowering shrubs, notably the 
old fashioned mock orange and philadelpues, althea frutex, or 
rose of sharon, are very beautiful, particularly the pheasant 
eye, a fine double flower with a dark centre, which grow finely 
on the park. 

The amygdalus pumila, or dwarf flowering almond, andro- 
meda mariana, amelanchier bortryafurm, amorpha, fruticosa, 
or indigo shrub, berberis atrapurpurea, or berbery purple and 
chimonthus virginica, or white fringe, all grow well and bear 
flowers in profusion. 

The deutzia fortunii, are beautiful white flowering shrubs; 
and the deutzia gracilis, when potted, bears forcing in the 


LS 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 107 


green house, flowering at about Easter for florists, who then 
have ready sale for them. 

The deutzia scabra, and cremata flora plena, double flower- 
ing, are showy and durable. 

Enonymus Americana, or American Burning Bush.--Those on 
the park are subject to mildew and parasites after they attain 
the age of ten or fifteen years, and the Huropean variety is 
subject to winter kill, except when sheltered. 

Hydrangea dutgiafolia, is one of the best and most showy 
specimens of this class; hydrangea hortensis, which is change- 
able; hydrangea quercifolia, oak leaved; and canedensis, are 
all very hardy. 

The hydrangea paniculata, a Japan variety, 1s very choice. 

The lhngustrum Europoea privet, and Lingustrum californica, 
are especially adapted for screening unsightly places and are 
almost evergreen, free bloomers but not fragrant. 

Mahonia Fascicularis, cluster flowering mahonia aguifolia, 
berbery holly leaved, and japonica, are pleasing evergreen 
shrubs, and may be found in the vicinity of the children’s 
playground and concert grove garden. 

Pavia macrostachya, or dwarf horse chestnut; choice speci- 
mens of which can be seen back of thatched cottage along 
Ninth avenue. 

Pysus Japonica, Japan quince, rubra and alba, grow on all 
parts of the park and are among the first to show their flowers 
in Spring before the leaves form. 

Prunus sinensis, or plum double flowering. 
of this tree 1s in the vicinity of Litchfield mansion. Robenia 
hispida, rose shrubly acacia, thrive well on the park. 

Tamarix galica, or French tamarix, very choice and showy, 
erowing near arbor at children’s playground. Viburnum oxy- 


A fine specimen 


eocus, or cranberry tree; lantana and opules, snowball or 
suelder rose, grow on many parts of the park and are very 
showy and inviting. 

Weigelia rosea, or Chinese wergelia; weigelia amabilis, 
twice blooming variegated, and hortemsis rubra, or red flower- 
ing, all well grown and thrifty, in vicinity of the play ground 


108 REPORT OF THE 


Symphoria racemosa, snow berry, and glomerata or Indian 
currant, are especially adapted to covering slopes for the pur- 
pose of preventing washes, by their thick growth and fibrous 
roots covering the ground. 

Herbaceous paconies fragrans, a deep crimson flower and 
very sweet; Voriflamme, a cherry red flower ; reine des roses, 
a deep rosy lilac; variegated plemissama, a rose pink and 
very sweet scented. ; 

Opposite Litchfield mansion there is a fine bed of whittlin, 
bearing white ventre light yellow clusters, and very fragrant. 

Also, worked lindens, European and double horse chestnuts, 
paulonia imperialis, poplus alla, robina viccosa, flowering | 
acacia and many others. 

These, with many other varieties of trees and flowering 
shrubs and plants to be found upon the park, afford ample 
means and opportunity to those interested in dendrological 
study. Permits for such purposes are given by the superin- 
tendent to those who apply personally. Such permits are 
issued by the authority and liberality of the Park Commis- 
sioners to teachers of botanical classes and other responsible 
persons who have a taste for such studies. There is no finer 
field in this State for study. 

The different varieties of trees and shrubs contained in the 
park, from not having received proper attention in past years, 
have entirely overgrown a large portion of its area. This 
overgrowth has necessitated an immense amount of trimming, 
pruning and removing. This origimal planting of the planta- 
tions was about three times as much asit should have been, 
the intention being gradually to cut away the inferior trees 
and shrubs, allowing the fittest to remain. This, however, was 
entirely neglected. The result is that by such close proximity, 
arising from overstocking, the trees have not reached a normal 
state of development. Last Winter, around the large lake, 750 
two horse loads of this overgrowth were removed. This 
trimming and pruning of the park has been of necessity con- 
tinued almost incessantly for the past eighteen months. And 
yet any one unfamiliar with the previous condition of the park, 
would never know that any extended pruning has been done. 


a 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. " 109 


Recently this pruning had been done along a line extending 
from Third street entrance to the plaza entrance, round the 
east side of the park on Flatbush avenue, reaching nearly to 
the Willinck entrance, and thence extending inward to the 
meadows. In some localities quite a number of the injured 
and over-stocked trees have been removed. This whole 
section of the park has been much improved in appearance 
thereby, and the trees will henceforth be developed far better 
than they formerly were. This pruning and trimming of the 
park will be continued until the whole surface is carefully 
gone over. Nearly all of the trees in the area, referred to are 
plantations. In the native woodland there are a number of 
trees constantly decaying and dying, which will necessarily 
have to be removed. Forests of every clime bear a striking 
resemblance to communities in this respect. The strongest 
and apparently the healthiest trees die, like the men they typify, 
without any seeming cause. It is a sad thing to find large 
dead trees standing among living trees. The duty to be per- 
formed in felling them is not a pleasant one. 

This trimming and pruning out of the trees of the park has 
been made necessary, for three reasons. 

Ist, The health of the trees; 2d, for the sake of beautify- 
ing the park, and 3d, to prevent immorality. Few persons are 
aware of the enormous undergrowth that springs up out of the 
rich soil all about the park, and which, if unchecked in its 
erowth, would speedily destroy its lines of beauty and turn its 
loveliness into rank deformity. 


Respectfully submitted, 


JOHN T. HAMILTON, 


General Superintendent. 


110 REPORT OF THE 


 Claef 


Clerk’s Statement of Appropriations and Expenditures, 


1887. 
APPROPRIATIONS. 
AMO OKO OMAR (GMI ae oe anoconh sooccaaasueuaas. $200,000 00 
Money drawn for team service, not used, and returned to the 
Comptroller Re RE Rs Me AION eer ater Miah oh GG Soc Gr 627 50 
JAN} 0) UNO TIMER vaKSy (COU ee Wang comms Comcoag sendmoschadoashasacec 74,750 00 
ipalanees tromal 88 Gi es ac eee ee eo mee een sere ee 2,474 O07 
Potale 6 .ci8 5c cats, sicne cian eee ts metas Ble eens econ eee $277,851 57 
EXPENDITURES. 
Labor, police and salary pay rolls city and county .......% . | $167.387 64 
Cranford & Valentine on account contract..... ............ 2 20,509 45 
Re Kantersid Sons on account:contract..2 5. 0-280 seeee ee oneeee 4,828 43 
Harrisids MeGuireson: account conttracteem-aeene ee eeee sere cee 721 00 
SUPPlieS tI eae aR ee Ce Renae ee CR eee wae 33,781 03 
Expenditures for 1885 and 1886 paid out of 1887's appropriation. . 29,303 O1 
Balance to the credit of Ocean Parkway carried to1888. —........ 204 75 
Balance to the credit of the different county accounts, carried to 
US SB) leis iat sik vis: atecate i Set cee eke eterna ee een ied Sie einen 21,116 26 
AD OGL SiS eva cons ae caicte os jay win sia eel ccstaileve SAORI oes ete tts eee $277,851 57 


‘reysvmivg ‘NOLSVA ANNUM 


dual 


GI GL8‘OSI$ |S S69 FS | 66 O8T'Ecs GF EIS‘LZs 66 IST ‘ets GT ZL8 OST $ 
99 969% eee NSD HAS 69 GL 069 &¢ 86 8&6 6S 99 99'S (6 ” " "Gp "Soy 
TO ¢18°¢ 00 6 9€ 09S I 6P VI 9&2 gg TS 699 1 6S TO GL8 & 0G Taquieoeq |°**** "Tep ‘K.dng 
96 8&P9 00 1S 9G 9866 CY GI 91ST OY GB S89 GG 96 8EF 9 ks ” = OES Sou 
L9 €9G nies HOLES G LG 906 ST Paci ike ete ea LO €96 GT tequteAON, 6cF ‘A.dng 
L8 668°L GL €& 96 LISS | GF €9 29'S th &T 988% eg L8 6Z8'L | TEteqo}O |" "BaF >, 
06 689°L 00 69 FG GIL‘ OF 69 €10°% €L L6 F6L°% Fg 06 689° O§ woydeg| "LaF 3 
€@ SFE'8 00 T8 | 80 SSE 7 66 88 S96 &P LZ St6% FS 66 SPE'8 ARS 29 9gp7 “day 
: 1 ell Ee ee “"! 00 €& G GL FG & 66 FL OT FL GEL “-g qsnsny |°**** GzP ‘A.dng 
iS CO FEL Gl 0G TSE 66 I869 VoL | 9L LZE T AZ 0G S9I'F PL SOPGL Ch We Gs soe lo Pare se 
= 00 E8T SPOBS OBOE MN CHI g Once Cece Orda ajnaiisreriey | Valteveienelenemeverate G echo 00 &8T ee 6 6 IL 4[nel °° ezp ‘h.dng 
a 6G 861 LT 0S 966 | 16 FIG'8 FIT ZG 880'S SOL | €9 869°h OL CONSG Wl, iam OGe ee ene Core .2Our 
8L FIP T OG GPE OG 96F 6G 82 SLE OL SS oe | en ea petal Penk =a a Sp eoun i) Tap ‘A.dug 
& €& GFL OL 00 ZS9'T | 4 192'8 OST | $8 GOT'G 76 | Sh 999 F 9b CERCLA Ole sien euelGnas ' 06h ‘ S9u 
= GE 16h O08 TOL 00 LYFE ial GG GLG oT (cee nek saat lino GE IGL ye ABN a OIL 2 a 
cy 00 £6& oleh coyote see 00 &6e Il teeuse ean, Se 00 £6& SoS Cee PESO DOH SON Glatsl 
Zz 79 FLEET 0G S6L 18 G96'¢ FOL | 09 €90'S L¥L | €0 OST'F 69 7O Wie. le. OS elya es iT pe oor 
cal he CY a | ei? Gell 9 06 TS9 seh pa Ad a bat eT eke SI, “eT ady| °° 917 ‘A.dng 
a L6 SFE'6 OG GIZS | 0G IZLE G9 ST 968 T OOL | GL 6I¢ € 69 16 8Fé 6 SANS MRR) = GI oe 
a L8 69S L "2 GOS 69 09 FSB'T TP O8 G9Z'E 08 18 G99 L "9G Adenaqey | ~'"" FIP os 
ae Oleh Gg es EN AG GAT aL OY? 0g €48 rg G6 SES’ |: 08 SUECEG Ces |b lee sass Be eG Pe eeeke ee 
5: 6F G8L‘G$ |°°"°°" °° |. €9 FHO'GS | 89 G6 6F6 TS 80 16 06F'%$ 18 6F G8L'Gs | Gt Arenaup |* "GTP Adng 
‘quunoutry | "ON “qunowy “ON “qunoUly “ON “L88T 
‘suUvay, | “TIO AVG 
“TR40L parry aR “INQONY UEAITA NY 
. Aep rad : ‘ : 
09°F 04 2g UOT Aep red oy HINO]. 
GIO10qUTT DOTLAS 0G I$ Stetoqey- | ‘sL.aNaLLy @oI10g ‘aLVd 


"IAISHPIUL “PQOT “TE saquaday 07 “ISBT ‘T hunnune wou syoy log 
‘(LNG WNGLVLS S.dHOISVNAVd 


112 , REPORT OF THE 


Salaries, 1887. 


PAMUBLY = 5 esis yeie rote lana adele Past © wie hee fo ek myer aaioeere Mee eee 
Re braary. 25 2% cae ais lee sete arc) oo te areion ree cle icios en 3 


LNT T555 Ro aes oso S409 r eee ene eh RE 
September. o.t5%:2.5s) ac. cocci = see eh a ceeies ns ne eee ee ee 


MOCtODEI. 4.¥..tich ciale Ghia pi ee ee Bes So eer eee Tae ee 


INOWEMIDET ,- Sais os cis oi Ee COE jad Scietae Hae See 
Mecembers 2.055. cise See ac eie = eee ee Ne ee Sag eee 


Total salary pay rolls..... SSN ai a wc aereee Oe vies oe ee 


Recapitulation—Services. : 


Total amount paid 1887, laborers........... PEC Ronee mMaretanagenees asl, S26 8l3e2ae 
Total amount paid 1887, police ==. 25.40 5s5.e ee rene he 43,181 99 
Total ‘amount paid) 1887, skilled laborers 2-25 464405 oe se oe ee 55,180 99 
Total ‘amount paid 1587, hired teampy o22 5 use ee oe he eee 4,695 75 | 
Tatallamount paid L887, salariesis: see as eels ee eee ees 11,566 70 ay 


— 


Granditotnl s1Gh7 22 eel eee eee ai Sees rire, - | $142,438 85 


CHAS. F. MOORE, 


Chief Clerk. 
Prospect Park, Dec. 31, 1887. 


To Jonn T. Hamitron, General Superintendent. 


a 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 


Statement of Bills paid by Brooklyn Park Co 


115 


mmission, 1887. 


Or WaHom PurcHaseD. 


E. R. Shipman 
W. 5B. Dayton & Son.... 
P. AH. Quinn 
C. W. Keenan 
Inlevsqener ding Wako & onaedeu dee 
Metropolitan Gas Light Co 


Danl. McCarthy 
B. H. Heard . 
VohmeElarnisom 22.2. at 
A. A. Smith, Secretary . 
Union Steam Print.. 
Emma G. Dunn 


Abraham Krone 
Charles E. Teale & Co... 
Newcombe & Co 
Waetion INObIS!.sicae alae: 
Goodyear Rubber Co. ... 
George Poole’s Sons 
Wire eontenis Sons). ste... 
Jerome B. Wass 
Henry Werner 
H. R. Worthington & Co .. 
J.M. Thorburn & Co. 
Oakley & Son 
Disosway & Henderson 
Oakley & Smith 
South Brooklyn Saw Mill Co . 


WeiwWalls: Sons... c)....0. ce 


Ge wollardan.:. 
L. Conterno 
Baetjer & Meyerstein... 
C. & R. Pollion 
Beers & Resseguie ......... 
IN edo Ni die Telephone 


\ ition), 4 BYSvO RLSM SONOS peminis ia Ae a OAS 


ees chillengersa. ose eee eee 
Jolnnn IDENIERA Sen ea coar 
Ronalds & Co 


PAGKenS OMMDSTOSH Atlee eis coin: 
Citizens’ Electric Hiuminating Co 
Nicholasmiiamcleriani «1s -ro caer 


CaO Oe Osc aC YC ROM Cyr 


H. Easton, Paymaster 
. D. Stiles 
J.S. Clark 
Henry Hawkes.... 
Watson & Pittinger .... 
. McNamara 
Robert Ayers ... 
Thos, 8, Tice 


i ee 


eoeee ere eee ee 


Ce ee 


per es eer aerer es eeee 


16 


NuMBER 
DESCRIPTION. OF AMOUNT. 
VouCcHERS. 
IBrovendeneeeeeennacr 21 $1,524 97 
House furnishing 20 103 39 
\Coal.......2.. Softer 14 1,899 00 
Paint: rs’ supplies, &e.. 35 | 499 81 
Oil and as stnletehae 15 597 49 
|\Gas Sta a 12 441 73 
lamadiwanek rience cee 1 180 35 
\Harness BP acee emia ist 396 60 
'Professional services . . | 3 121 35 
Provender, &c........ 27 1,298 O7 
|\Office expenses. ...... 5 116 87 
NPrainiTMNes Bobs Ga bosoecc 2 403 80 
\Repairing flags........ | 3 50 00 
(Blectrie light’ ......... | 12 5,312 25 
TT OWS Cie dois lo aero eke 36 679 17 
‘Clothing for police... 4 467 00 
Clothing for police. . 1 487 75 
|Hats for police........ 3 94 25 
Nose bags, dsc. 5...... 2 34 50 
Rubber goods......... 6 197 89 
‘Paints, Giles CAs 18 536 18 
Lamp wick, &c....... 3) 16 18 
Incidental expenses ... 5 57 74 
Lumber and timber... 15 1,157 44 
Brick, cement, Xc..... 5 516 60 
Pale la ery) 5 re cle oye uel i) 80 38 
_|Gardeners’ suy plies . ) 449 80 
\Camrincenlirel. <4 ssn: 3 97 00 
‘Hardw AG ER irs dose rete teeles 30 570 42 
Horses be aS 2 1,775 00 
‘Lumber and timber... 6 649 92 
9 and flags ..... 3 222 2% 
Steel sledges.......... 3 42 13 
{Music Park concerts... 16 2,395 00 
Cements eAiscsce ao: 2 127 00 
inMb ents kets cise 4 54 00 
‘Lumber and timber .. 5 881. 25 
‘Telephone service .... 2 207 30 
sal! AEDEtSy WC seco ¢ it 65 26 
..|Patent pavement isigidyact 2 667 39 
Sei ROOM MO rs = -t-lecatele 2 487 00 
aie IPiimbing material 7 222 18 
Office expenses ....... 5 170 83 
Incidental ........ 3 16 00 
.|Naphtha —...... Eis 3 86 68 
Netkonedlomaree So Soom pcoeor 2 1,225 48 
Lumber and timber.. 2 841 29 
Incidental expense ... 3 28 12 
SCEVICES Renn cere 2 183 34 
Shields and clock..... 2 35 00 


114 


REPORT OF THE 


Statement of Bills paid by Brooklyn Park Commission, 1887.— 
Concluded. 


NUMBER 
Or WHom PURCHASED. DESCRIPTION. OF AMOUNT. 
VOUCHERS. 

WEE (DOU elas s o2. cup. asleiserietee Drugs Jets etacoeene | 5 $28 25 
Henry adie Greeny... 5 scleeer ene Meteorologists’ inst. ..| 3 42 13 
Brooklyn Lead Pipe Co.......... Plhonanlenayes coo on one 2 27 00 
G@harlese. WGodrutt mae eee Saar Special services....__.| 2 | 285 75 
Jed UOOMIS Fe S52-s1s/ce oe .|Lumber and timber ... 2 | 107 25 
Je Geylieeboeticher aa. eee Machinery ..... 2 | 43 50 
BEEWe BW UTSLELM +). se. eee Machinery aceccer sac 2 10 95 
Jewie BS ulwwankley esses eee bel Stahlonenygee ate e eee 2 48 05 
A. D. Telegraph Co. .|Messengers!....-...... 2 8 95 
Nathan Lanes Sons......... Stationery ess one some oe 33 | 396 38 
Deebrandies| MASONS rate en Plumbing material .... at 24 16 
Torah Partridge, -e qs Office furniture....... 1 61 65 
Nate Disinfectant Col.s.s52....- Disinfectant....,......| i 25 00 
Doane Wellington Co............ LOIN) Ost 2 ooo Pee eck | 2 35 20 
Panli@ si Cottin Sh m-\snh ase: Hardware ........ Hy i 22 03 
Patrick Couway. Special services ....... il 208 86 
Chub SaMtOrd cece. seer Registers for police ... 2 162 76 
BR DOS. A OOM anne cone eae Flower pots*. .5.00..- | 1 105 OU 
George 'G. Martini eerie Printing Pacer eras 1 100 03 
Department City Works ......... Meter uncjsis se aye nen 1 47 90 
W. Schwartzwaelder & Co ...... Office furniture .......) 1 223 70 
(imothy (ie eDysont. ys. cm eee Special services ....... 1 50 00 
Wechsler & Abraham ............ Awning and mats ..... 2 171 25 
Burns and wJohnsonieree cece Stoneicc& "has eee 1 92 CO 
Allpred  Wallkey: 26.24... <<ss7 cle cerns Repairing carriages. ... 1 207 OO 
Georce iy ly Onset ene Special services ....... 1 104 00 
Wallsohtveg (COs ecdouacs Secu Goonde Cement pipe ......... 1 113 36 
ACID SP ratty Gets ecs.s teas 5, ner etoeanae Flowers and seeds... 1 246 00 
Iliowwelll (ase Satan ae. Jron work ....:.. 2 236 88 
A IGA ZAnS ey. .bs cs aronls os lpserietes Glass iiches a. nearicce 2 49 70 
Jost Les Ohmsonie eer) eee Special services ..... 1 175 00 
Chas «Miley 72 c-f aot as oceans \Cartage tisat: 2 ee ccers 1 | 4 50 
CeHeeShipman essere sacs |Measurements ....... 1 98 00 
WiC VosburahiC omeaea sere Lamps, &c....:. 1 10 22 
Brooklyn Improvement Co. ......|Dockage .............!} 1 20 00 
Coney Island Es (Ge dal Compas. Gas cere mseeeeerreh 12 739 15 

Prospect Park and Coney Island 
Railroad! a". ser aca eee ee Railroad tickets.......) 8 300 00 
Sundry, miscellaneous. 4. sense] ACCOUDbI me eee else | 30 378 56 
Supplies: sei. sc agi.c ow sietalhin wal] sptae helactine eeters tanto |e eee $33,781 03 


‘To Joun 'T. Hamruton, 


General Superintendent. 


CHARLES F. MOORE, 
Chief Clerk. 


* 


sw 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 115 


Annual Report of: Police Force, 1887. 


1 Captain. 
1 Station officer. 
5 Sergeants. 


40 Patrolmen. 


Distributed as follows: 


Prospect Park—l1 station officer, 4 sergeants, 29 patrolmen. 
WaAsHINGTON ParkK—1 sergeant, 4 patrolmen. 

City Park—2 patrolmen. 

Tompkins Park—1 patrolman. 

CarroLtL Park—1 patrolman. 

EasTerRN Parxway—l patrolman. 

OcrAN Parkway—l patrolman. 

Conety Istanp—1 patrolman. 

Total force —47. 


ACCIDENTS. 
Maenlav esa slelonha. @ a5. 2 eno a cheered ete ke 789 
Saddle horses........ PN EN Sea et PRS E Soles, Td 2 
temcles anG ntTeyCles «n/lynr tts. amiasae wimaneut ale 2h ha A ee 8 
SMe reese ss RAY BE are Gyo wins tend Woh 
Bema jolaaaten sats ice yet ess een eae ee a we ee nc 
Biledipreneriie Maken (ot ylitmys, Uke dese iene... sere ey 
Helene plenic oroundy. 2s A shereane!. 2 eis s at) de sk Ramee 4 
ee iron WamOm a iis cil eM 2 ciclo «ged sone AMI Seat 
{BA RETONSTIGI Sawai oF d ce gnertied |= Sek Ue al ee ea A ree Rr 15 
ARRESTS. 
| TN eCDSSCIICCPEH GaN, vie atl ee en ae rhe Og ar ee oe Fee Ol 
Disorderly conduct 20.02.22 o. Be Nt ne achat At Ot 12 
Rriolanieny ot smublic deconey ese 2k eek. el 2 
AGiem pi tONKesCUe PLISONEL. 22 2.56 ys vcs 4. ese ns Seidel 
Miietomamuni ts ehiielin acer. Sh eels heen eas Ta SPs Malas b acai so 8 
Wiolatronval park ordinances: A/c... 2.6) 248% ool oe me. 36 
Bamconne ene Pee Pe ar. pln Bey clariiey seers eke See le kek 2 


LS }GL TOHRU Ove 200 ren, a rag em OO ee ne oe it! 


116 REPORT OF THE 


WVagraney..) 3.054 Denke ee ee ee 7 
Assault:.2...¢5 :/ 458: Cates See be ee. eee t 
Indecent exposure... 2. <<..:c5 ps): ee te ie ee 2 
Bounging . 2. .s sdecok shee ese ee ee 7 
Hjected fee park..>. 2)-2¢ Uso ee coeee ial Se 27 
Carrying concealed weapons .°..; ..-. --. ..... 23s ee 1 
NUSPIClOUS PSrsons:. 5. oc ke eae eee ae ae 
Reckless driving .. .... 05.2225. 5: Se eee eee 5 
host chridren 022 50.325, 3 So ee Oe 45 
utergesie. 2. cra oe ne ea RS Pe 3 


PARADES, 


May 26th. Brooklyn Sunday School Union Anniversary. 

May 29th. Decoration of Lincoln Monument. 

September 5d. Parade and review 15th Regiment, Major 
Ackerman Commanding. 

October 12th. Parade and review 2d Brigade, General 
McLeer Commanding. 


Visitors. 

MonrTH. | Carriages. ‘Equestrians| Pedestrians Sleighs. Total. 
January... .. '..| 98,686 | 1,068 | 130,169 40,256 | 200,179 
February.......-. | 112,324 | 835 | 106,021 = eee eese 219,180 
Mareh soe hs ae 197, 213 | 1.873. jl) SBS ,SBEA IS Scene 292,297 
April SIA eto Aad be) 4316 | 230108) |. 7.22.5 526,936 
WEN i acbacer cuacoe 37,493 a, 928 JOU; S20. ls eee 734,241 
VINCE esoasteecse 423 876 4,812 Sas ON sects Sear | 92,205 
duly see eee a 390,514 3,946) |, 2h 2st4 Oe ceep creas | 666,605 
August..... =. c{ S5L498 | BATES) 31053 |S ee .t. | 669.022 
September ....... 418.516 | — 4.596 O71 Got te ee | 694,738 
October - 3... 2. : 401,918 | 3,912 | -183,265 Bens eee | 595,095 
November....... 340,125 | 2,715 S006 see . | 223,046 
December ...._--.| 239,283 | 3,051 | 52 630 6,021 | 301,015 

Wotalt Quay. a>. 3,568,958 | 40,485 | 2 418,839 46,277 | 6,074,559 
Total number’ of visitors: 7. 2.225. -e pes aes 6,074,559 
s = on Sundays)..) 20.0.0... > 6G hae 
és cs on concert days......... 547,548 


Largest number on one day... .2:-...22..2222.55. 135,806 


( 


.) 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 


1t7 


With an appropriation of sixty thousand dollars for the 
year 1888, I would suggest that the total of the force be in- 
creased to seventy-three men, this number including both 


the permanent and temporary forces, and would apportion the 


appropriation as follows : 


1 


Or 


Cl 


Horses 


CE OLE WI ieee cent Re ne Re 
SSRI CAMUS re oo. 6 orSE ss Stes ns = 


men from January to May ete vide AN Se ASS Ae te. 
men from May Ist to November Ist........... 
) men from November Ist to January Ist, 1889... . 


watchman in store yard: .4.....0%...: oe 


tatlorrepamimne polrce clothing...°.. 12.22.25... 


janitor in mansion 


TAO TANASE NLEES rts se eee el es eee 


othing ... 


$1,647.00 
6,588.00 
11,926.88 
26,023.14 
6,005.30 


52,190.32 
766.50 
782.00 
638.75 

1,850.00 
2,500.00 
1,000.00 


59,707.57 


Between the months of May and November I would recom- 
mend the following assignment of the force: 
Prospect Park—1 captain, 1 station officer, 4 sergeants, 51 
policemen. 
Washington and City Parks—-1 sergeant, 8 policemen. 


Tompkins Park—2 policemen. 
Carroll Park—1 policeman. 
Kastern Parkway—1 policeman. 
Ocean Parkway—1 policeman. 
Concourse, C. L., 1 policeman. 
East side lands—1 policeman. 


Seven mounted men are included in the above, making a 
total of 73 men. 


M. A. McNAMARA, 


To Joun T. Haminton, 


General Superintendent. 


Captain. 


PERM so PH oe ete 


oe ne ae hs Sanit 


AY 


METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATORY 


ois Wig 


Brooklyn Park Commission 


PROS uiGl PARK, BROOKLYN: 


Latitude 40° 41’ North, Longitude 73° 57’ West from 


Greenwich. 


Height of Instruments above the Sea, 220 feet. 


i Cr . lh Elo bg te ALN 1 SS (7... 


n _ 
y 


ve 
ee oe 


ae 3 = 
hs “45 wp? Se 
SP ay me eek 


121 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS 


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"MONS NV NIVU “ONIAN YALANOWOAH 


“198. “HOWVIN 


REPORT OF THE 


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“MONS GNV NIV | ‘ANIM | VALANOWOAH 


‘L88T “TIUdV 


DEPARTMENT OF PARKS. 


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‘WOWININ ‘WOWIXVIN “NVOLIL ‘ONIZTAUA OL amonawT 
“SUALANONWUAHL “UALAINOUV 


DAL AIM 


‘AV 


TAN HINO Oo 


REPORT OF THE 


126 


2 epee eahteaonen|| Ser 
“SHHONI | “WW 


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“SHHONI NI Hida 


“MONS CONV NIVY 


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INDEX TO MAP — 


SPP eee ere ee 


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#44 RARER Oe ee 
PEPPRPERP ER EERE ESE 


NOS*bYw79 


SRPP REE PERE RRS 


BaANnZav 


17, CAMERA o@scuURA, 
1B. GARDEN SHELTER & pavinion. 
1&® CONCERT Grove , 

WO. BOAT LANDING . 

QLIAVING STATUE. 

22 FORD eRince. 

23. PROMENADE DRIVE SHELTER. 
MA FRANKLIN AVENUE SHELTER. 


SM. ESOALE BRIDGE. 
$2 Ametacie . 

SO NETHERMEAG ARCHES, 
SH. BINNENWATER . 

‘SS. LULLWATER . 

3G DAIRY COTTAGE . 

S70.) STAGE. 

SS. PAYNE STATUE. 
S®&MEADOW PORT ARCH. 


40.B0AT HOUSE, 
Si.mMUsIC PAGODA . 
2. « GROVE. 
es + . BRIDCE. 
44. SULLIVAN HEIGHTS . 
M3.VALLEY GROVE a@Rioce. 
4#6.ARCHERY CROUNDS SHELTER. 


@7.PARK OFFICES. 
#8.5£1L Tower. 
@9.CARPENTER SHOP. 
SO.PARK STABLES . 


SI.CONSERVATORIES | 


S@witttNK ENTRANCE SHELTER . 


53.OR'NKING URN. 
S&.CcARROuSSeEL | 


as 

on So SD 
Bare | 
SS 5. % 


rose 


ay 
2°, Ay 


5S.LILY POND LAKE 
56.BINNEN WATER bee 
57.PEDESTAIAN CONCOUS” 
SBPICNIC GROUND S” 


pool 


a 
AVENUE 


P aaae 
<s3 waenaeanaese 


eae eae 
mangas eae 


ELTER - 


PROSPECT PARK 


Anan ene es 


PLAN OF 


BROO 


IKILYN, N.Y, 
1888. 


PARK STATISTIC 


Prospect Parnk BouNoARIES INCLUDE 526 


QUAKER CEMETERY CONTAINS «= 10 
Prospect Park ConTains ¥ 

WATER COURSES... sen AD 
AREA OF LAKE ~.... - Ge 
WOCOLANO .. 2. - no 
MEADOW .. _ » 70 
PLANTATION... -~~=-.259 
DAIVES... 2 3c mtee omeew 5 
GRIDLE \AQAGM eae ow ete oo 3 
WALKS FINISHED... 2 2. ms 10 
WALKS UNFINISHED. . _ - «e=w- i 


OckAN Pannway. 
EasTeAn Pankway. 


Coney ISLAND Concounse. 


2750FEET LONG BY 100 FEET wide . 


Area Of OrHer Panks. 


AS CONEY ISLAND GONCGOURSE 70 ACRES 
PAR AOE GAGUND 40 
FORT GREENE 30 | 
TOMPKINS PARK 7 3-4 | 
PAL CITY PARK 7 1-2 | 
CARROLL PARKGE ee. oo so eSSSaSE Oo 


CITY HALL PARKLW. ._ 
SMALL ENCLOSURES... _ 


Sie 


PARK YO OCEAN) G I-2 MILES LONG HY 210 FEET wie, 


1.0 SACKET STREET) 21-2MILES LONG, 210 FEET wice. 


TOTAL....... 162 1-2 acneEs. 


fy 
__GhosPMosdruit- seu/ ff / 


-G ACRES. 


34 MILES 
1-10 
a4 
66 


w-eeeel By 
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