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Fs bepktnt i diel Hirai i A es ie Baise ihe, ae of detail tie nike rok ns iota teeta Sieg sh rey Hi} mite cone i Lon) oh matt een os is shite aber mt oe ilcaraies i ct Rennie Sy ae sia) ee m8 ii Pannen ie Es bre pai Hinrbietaietcry ete! oe mitotic bait aL Haina “ +d a r ihe I eth ae s ph feinisiwe wi ape% had spear ars Seylstyays 1 bat ball fuer site salt ii ty of edwin ott ne Te i jaseera + 44 | a risiaeenct seat eLetter it ib eats Asya sauteed wid e Mattias yiihpe oh phpbb ecitiyites or poyhvkd si ne ctl? 'wne 3 jai pvt te 7 hos ti sa isc eee yes tran a a oe sttacenenehegese pvbaye! pel { 6% erie) vib A Tae vei cote Nie M4 a id adie th tilt eatetrdeasisey Shy thks iy = Hr oni pai si “: it bby bei dtera bid pianiat att: pate “wide eines i ie ivedtirais ‘ i] i co basset suai A satis cay %S as hah itd 5 bo vegrd wrth * patton Siren cha ee , it Ses ) iieteg hae hvere say att hay aig ee ieee reese af oe eat wie See Ni a = ana . a eal nl pe i atta ies te iiss itesber ‘tyr aH jas == ray — i a aes ie ietiinan ays 4 eben parieden Ae Ait eae : Barit coca . Hite sehadds api pa aaa cera “is “ aati? My ay ki qyeg tie’ rawateay fairy sine fin " nests Peek ne acid ! eae ’ iH CENTRAL CIRCULATION BOOKSTACKS The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its renewal or its return to the library from which it was borrowed on or before the Latest Date stamped below. You may be charged a minimum fee of $75.00 for each lost book. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. TO RENEW CALL TELEPHONE CENTER, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN When renewing by phone, write new due date below previous due date. L162 FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893 D MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Nana see Ge PARI AERO " one 4 & eat » y wo 2 ; on 25 _ CHE itee 9 » ‘ VoL. X, No. 3 PUBLICATION 354 AG if AS 2 ee eee a leg ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR TO THE FOR THE YEAR 1935 . Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. X, Plate XXV CYRUS H. McCORMICK A Trustee of the Museum and member of the Building Committee FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893 PUBLICATION 354 REPORT SERIES VoL. X, No. 3 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR JUN 9 yan UNIVERSiTy > . OF 3 LINN TO THE CLINOIS BOARD OF TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR 1935 CHICAGO, U. S. A. JANUARY, 1936 282 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. X BEQUESTS Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may be made in securities, money, books or collections. They may, if desired, take the form of a memorial to a person or cause, to be named by the giver. For those desirous of making bequests to the Museum, the following form is suggested: FORM OF BEQUEST I do hereby give and bequeath to Field Museum of Natural History of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois, Contributions made within the taxable year to Field Museum of Natural History to an amount not in excess of 15 per cent of the taxpayer’s net income are allowable as deductions in computing net income for federal income lax purposes. Endowments may be made to the Museum with the provision that an annuity be paid to the patron during his or her lifetime. These annuities are guaranteed against fluctuation in amount and may reduce federal income taxes. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 283 CONTENTS PAGE LTE EARS ean al an PONCE aE ea nee na UES Nl 285 Officers, Trustees and Committees, 1984 ......... 287 Former Members of the Board of Trustees ........ 288 MRE PEEIECTS 0) iG ua ee ous itl Ry ad OS baa 289 MUNG EAT DAE a MMe nec Aca t ea ah 290 menertio: the Director .°.. 2). . f. pe diy Ry Sealer tte comet Menartment of Anthropology’): ... 2 50. kh 318 SEP AREIMENL OL BOLANV oo 2.0 ola Wot wal Skee) a ee 323 Meparcment of Geology -... 0.5 2. 4 as WD UNS LOO Mmemarment of Zoology...) 6s. fk eas vou ee B48 The N. W. Harris Public School Extension . ...... 356 James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School and Children’s Lectures ........ 358 BRITE R TOR NGUIESE a) Mare UU eae ergo tie ee Nee 361 ONDE ECP TIS UA Se Se a ee a lea ea an 363 DRMceCTIR OTE TEL oy ys as hn art oa, SNS De ah ties a a an 367 Divisions of Photography and Illustration ....... 368 PeeresOM OnE MIMCATIONS! ok Sk eT ar AOE Wy ene 369 mavasion- o1-rublie Relations 0020. ee our Pasion. of Memberships so 4026 Sh ee ee aie BREE AR kas nee ee cye Tsar ne Dh e: Menace naa Ee 373 Comparative Attendance Statistics and Door Receipts . . 374 Comparative Financial Statements .......... 375 List of Accessions ...... cy date al genoa 376 LTS EVEUT INSET 1 572) 6) a aan a eat RSE ree nn ro) 389 PAU TICLAC LORS ere hee et Bucs 4) oe ee sd ny 7 ce ESE ar iene 389 PAOTIOTAL IW LETINVERS an nite davey: 2c aaa toe gmt aitind Mion AA Whae ee 389 SERCO IRENA gece AA Gran DN REN A RRND a Whe aa 389 Gorresponding Members 3) ee Be aa ene 390 284 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X Contributors 2005083 Gs Se Corporate Members: 020 2°. ee eee Life Members «5°. 300) 5 nk ee a Non-Resident Life Members ........... Associate Members . 2.3. 20...) 4 pustaming Members: (7227... Ute soe ) ae Annual Members’. 2 .°. 2 0 Sw 2°.. 2 3 JAN. 1936 XXV. XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII. XXIX. XXX. XXXI. XXXII. XXXII. XXXIV. XXXV. XXXVI. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 285 LIST OF PLATES pn PAGE Cyrus be ANieCormigk esc ee ie eek 281 SEC ATIMOMUE LADEL) ccucueike ck unc ek ey crild ogy hat 296 CRUVAE AGAVE er hor reo or eNe em axe Ger nee 300 Quipu (ancient Peruvian accounting device). . . 308 A Coffee Plantation in Miniature ....... 316 ikeproduction of a Tea Bushs"). 2 Ut yo. 324 Skeleton of the Great Fossil Sloth, Megatheriwm ETC TEUTID e N cat'e | SU rite eee hae 332 Skeleton of the Rare Fossil Mammal, Asirapo-_. LCTTUNG EGU ogy AE I 340 Snow: Leopard in Himalayas’... aos 2% 348 Northern Elephant Seal of Guadalupe Island . . . 356 Spotted Deer or Axis DeerofIndia ....... 364 Type of Case Loaned to the Schools of Chicago by the N. W. Harris Public School Extension. . . 372 JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 287 OFFICERS, TRUSTEES AND COMMITTEES, 1935 President STANLEY FIELD First Vice-President Second Vice-President ALBERT A. SPRAGUE JAMES SIMPSON Third Vice-President Secretary ALBERT W. HARRIS STEPHEN C. SIMMS Treasurer and Assistant Secretary SOLOMON A. SMITH BOARD OF TRUSTEES SEWELL L. AVERY WILLIAM H. MITCHELL JOHN BORDEN FREDERICK H. RAWSON* WILLIAM J. CHALMERS GEORGE A. RICHARDSON JOSEPH N. FIELD FRED W. SARGENT MARSHALL FIELD STEPHEN C. SIMMS STANLEY FIELD JAMES SIMPSON ERNEST R. GRAHAM SOLOMON A. SMITH ALBERT W. HARRIS ALBERT A. SPRAGUE SAMUEL INSULL, JR. SLAs H. STRAWN Cyrus H. McCormick LESLIE WHEELER JOHN P. WILSON COMMITTEES Executive—Stanley Field, Albert W. Harris, William J. Chalmers, James Simpson, Albert A. Sprague, Marshall Field, Silas H. Strawn, John P. Wilson. Finance.—Albert W. Harris, Solomon A. Smith, James Simpson, Frederick H. Rawson,* John P. Wilson. Building.— William J. Chalmers, Samuel Insull, Jr., Cyrus H. McCormick, Ernest R. Graham, William H. Mitchell. Auditing —James Simpson, Fred W. Sargent, George A. Richardson. Pension.—Albert A. Sprague, Sewell L. Avery, Solomon A. Smith. *RESIGNED, 1935 288 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X FORMER MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES GEORGE HE ADAMS ©), a5 000.48 nia o) ocd aeons 1893-1917 OWENLES ALDIS*2 5 sens fim ee ehade atm cole oe eee 1893-1898 ALTISON: Vie ARMOURG oi 2564 op eine hel a) a) ool ee eee 1893-1894 EDWARD: 1. AYER Sci) shiver) 2e8 He 1893-1927 JOHN, ©. BUAGK 0 j cens icp i oo re hes Spe hes ee 1898-1894 IMC O BULLOCK Ie 4. tc e acon ive ie Ace tea enh ote Sn eee 1893-1894 DANIBE HE BURNHAM S352). 3) ete psinan screens eee 1893-1894 GEORGE AR DAVISt sc. io witicyic slusaie alae tre cameron 1893-1899 JAMES’ We HITSWORTH® 22 2 Go, os fe on ee eee 1893-1894 CHARLES Bic PAR WILE) toc. ls se va. eeret ee clad Ree 1893-1894 BRANKOW= GUNSAULUS? ©4274.) s ie alee 1893-1894, 1918-1921 FOMitsG SEUIRSCH SS 8 be a SS ne ee ee 1893-1894 GHAREES Ha ELUTCHINSON™ 20> cn 2) ke Po ae, Koen ca ee 1893-1894 JOHNGASTROCHE Or U8 foi 28 Sar, eigen Saleen eee 1893-1894 WAR TINFAZARYERSONTC) oe 2 te icing ketenes en 1893-1932 FIDWIN' WALKER ® 0 00 37 Sess ha ts Dacrech cure cide eee aero 1893-1910 WATSON EL BEAM reid oo ae ee ae 1894-1928 HARLOW Ne HIGINBOTHAM™:, 2. [565 — 6. 4)... (eee 1894-1919 HUNTINGTON Wi JACKSON cic os Sula. 4 ee eeeeees 1894-1900 ARTHUR IB JONES? 3) feet As dé ie Be) es ee re 1894-1927 GEORGE MIANIERRE® | 2) ee4) fi tee se), oa ee ees 1894-1924 INORMAN/ Bo REAME Ged csi & icles dee Rade) wee pa ee 1894-1910 INORMAN( WHLLTAMS*. 2. 25 pic song pee cy ae cys 1894-1899 MARSHATE -HIRBDscdRee (oivcn all Laas ceetiek bey cline Re ecem enema 1899-1905 FREDERICK/0.. Vic SKIER) | iS Gpro cde eens emetic eae 1902-1921 GEORGE E. PORTERS 7) 2/5 fe! a, Rane see ee 1907-1916 RICHARD) Ps CRANE ORS coke neaesen eae 1908-1912, 1921-1931 JOHN BARTON:SEAYNE Ss, <) /o notes || canis teks ee we tion tna 1910-1911 CHRUNGEY KOBEP ©2570 Piet cl URN Le oe ae ee 1915-1929 HENRYRIRED® yee cc dee aeiis tiga teak ech ek lat rete eae ae ean 1916-1917 WILLIAM AWRIGLEY.¢UR 7) ko ls pennies ie eens ae mee ei 1919-1931 LARRY, Ws BYRAM 5G) jc erie ie Roteen eae ded ten Pontes eee 1921-1928 D.C) DAVES 80605 ae eee oh eee ee eee 1922-1928 CHARLES HI MARKHAM®.) |) P3 02 Steck ves be Ge 1924-1930 WULLIAM( Vc FR REAINY oo 35/5 oe adene Vea Oeiee ae eee 1929-1932 * DECEASED JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR FORMER OFFICERS Presidents First Vice-Presidents MARTIN A. RYERSON* Second Vice-Presidents NOR MANGES EVELA Mia iicicvaly leveled teuters (oudlal Wereras Oe ratewieertucimia sith NUAR SEAT TPH THED MOR arin Wenner te: malin Sherr Nelie nes tee) UE t SPAN Ve TEED Wiebe k iets at en erat bali car melee ewan ray cisenleh acm RESON AE SIGANER a base! ch sst van. a ivtdey gh eh SO Rp RASA) Be ees ALBERT A. SPRAGUE ...... .. 3 BU Pettey che ral Ru Wel beaneye ATEBER TUACCSPRAGUB. A Lo wolete leauenilaiicG! hah neun ea Dey Nay ia TAMEISE SIMPSON pe eis ets ubateshs N: ao vous poke, Naresh ean geen en bt ina ahs EVATEPHeIVIT CALM ta meuneh Aiio. 70h ce Ave ua auhls vores e pay edie ca (SHOR GHEVUANTHIRRE cre Aline inline ic ea eave ice aeln, HIREDERICK OS VetOLLE Rta Yet jee nian ter hiret ean cretion keg NDC MR DVAN TES ase us: erties ete a yom aie a cers tetsu ne ESATO Nig aS MELISH Sy hs ehicy toa cae 2th scauel eee a GU VER MERU Hicaiae S coats tv REDE LOCKS auVicn ORTON) Sel cove Gat ie hue iae toner ich en Mira ae Es © eI DANVITENS enh ahha alars iar Noe ctu Ria. otc Sieh, gt MANE ech manu we * DECEASED 1894-1898 1898-1908 . 1894-1932 1894-1902 1902-1905 1906-1908 1909-1928 1929-1932 1921-1928 1929-1932 1894 1894-1907 1907-1921 1921-1928 1894-1914 1893-1921 1921-1928 289 290 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X LIST OF STAFF STEPHEN C. SruMs, Director DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY.—Paul S. Martin, Acting Curator; A. L. Kroeber, Research Associate in American Archaeology. ASSISTANT Curators: Albert B. Lewis, Melanesian Ethnology; J. Eric Thompson,* Central and South American Archaeology; Wilfrid D. Hambly, African Ethnology; Henry Field, Physical Anthropology; T. George Allen, Egyptian Archaeology. DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY.—B. E. Dahlgren, Curator; Paul C. Standley, Associate Curator of the Herbarium; J. Francis Macbride, Assistant Curator of the Herbarium; Llewelyn Williams, Assistant Curator of Economic Botany; Samuel J. Record, Research Associate in Wood Technology; A. C. Noé, Research Associate in Paleobotany. DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY.—Henry W. Nichols, Curator; Elmer S. Riggs, Associate Curator of Paleontology; Sharat K. Roy, Assistant Curator of Geology; Bryan Patterson, Assistant Curator of Fossil Mammals. DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY.—Wilfred H. Osgood, Curator. MAMMALS: Colin C. Sanborn, Assistant Curator; Julius Friesser, C. J. Albrecht, A. G. Rueckert, Taxidermists. Birps: C. E. Hellmayr, Associate Curator; Rudyerd Boulton, Assistant Curator; Boardman Conover, Leslie Wheeler, Associates; Emmet R. Blake, Assistant; R. Magoon Barnes, Assistant Curator of Birds’ Eggs; Ashley Hine,* John W. Moyer, Taxidermists. AMPHIBIANS AND REP- TILES: Karl P. Schmidt, Assistant Curator; Leon L. Walters, Tazidermist. Fisues: Alfred C. Weed, Assistant Curator; Leon L. Pray, Tazxidermist. INSECTS: William J. Gerhard, Associate Curator; Emil Liljeblad, Assistant. OsSTEOLOGY: Edmond N. Gueret, Assistant Curator; Dwight Davis, Assistant. N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION.—Stephen C. Simms, Acting Curator; A. B. Wolcott, Assistant Curator. JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION.— Margaret M. Cornell, Chief; Franklin C. Potter,* Miriam Wood, Leota G. Thomas, Guide-lecturers. LIBRARY.—Enmily M. Wilcoxson, Librarian; Mary W. Baker, Assistant Librarian. ARTIST.—Charles A. Corwin. ADMINISTRATION.—Clifford C. Gregg, Assistant to the Director; Benjamin Bridge, Auditor; Henry F. Ditzel, Registrar; Elsie H. Thomas, Recorder— in charge of publication distribution; H. B. Harte, Public Relations; Pearle Bilinske, Memberships; J. L. Jones, Purchasing Agent. PRINTING.—Dewey S. Dill, in charge; Lillian A. Ross, Editor and Proofreader. PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION.—C. H. Carpenter, Photographer; Carl F. Gronemann, Illustrator; A. A. Miller, Photogravurist. MAINTENANCE.—John E. Glynn, Superintendent; W. H. Corning, Chief Engineer; W. E. Lake, Assistant Engineer. *RESIGNED, 1935 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1935 To the Trustees of Field Museum of Natural History: I have the honor to present a report of the operations of the Museum for the year ending December 31, 1935. That the Museum is continuing to fulfill, on a large scale, its mission of contributing to the education of both adults and children, is indicated by the year’s attendance which was well in excess of a million. Although the number of visitors, 1,182,849, was consider- ably less than that recorded in several previous years, it was rather larger than might have been anticipated. The fact must be taken into consideration that this was the first year following two abnormal years in which the attendance rose to unparalleled heights due largely to the institution’s proximity to the grounds of A Century of Progress exposition. To obtain a true basis of comparison it is necessary to go back a few years, as in the following table showing annual attendance since 1929: A ees a cok ee Nin 1,168,430 i 81) ae na eae oa 1,332,799 PSO ha et ns oa 1,515,540 BO Sates ope Paes 1,824,202 By Satie ay oe, Sih te 3,269,390 LoS: ae ree eee 1,991,469 aD icine Marge wat io cer 4 1,182,349 In this table can be traced a steady growth in attendance under normal conditions (that is, without the stimulus of an exposition) through 1931; an acceleration in 1932, caused to some extent by the fact that pre-exposition activities were drawing large crowds to the vicinity of the Museum; the peak (more than double the 1931 attendance) reached in the public enthusiasm at A Century of Pro- gress during its first season, in 1933; a still extra-large attendance in 1934, although decreased from that of the preceding year just as attendance at the exposition itself declined in its second season; and finally a return in 1935 to a figure slightly higher than 1929, which may be regarded as a quite natural balancing reaction after three years in which public interest had been so intensified by extraor- dinary factors. What seems most worthy of note, therefore, is 291 292 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPporRTS, VOL. X not the degree to which attendance was reduced during 1935, but rather that the Museum’s appeal was great enough still to attract more than a million visitors after three such unusual years. In passing, it is interesting to remark that the 1935 attendance at the Museum was larger than that reported by any of the other principal Chicago museums and similar institutions. As usual, in addition to visitors actually coming to the Museum, the institution extended its educational influence in 1935 to hundreds of thousands of others, principally children, through its extra-mural activities conducted by the Department of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension, and the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School and Children’s Lectures. Scientific information was disseminated likewise to untold numbers through the institution’s publications and leaflets, the bulletin Field Musewm News, articles in the daily and periodical press, and through various other channels. Paid admissions to the Museum remained in about the same proportion to total attendance as in the previous year. Visitors paying the 25-cent admission fee numbered only 54,631, or less than 5 per cent. Members of the Museum, children, teachers, students, and others who are admitted free on all days, together with admissions on the free days (Thursdays, Saturdays and Sun- days) numbered 1,127,718. There were no exceptional single day’s attendances, as in other years, when more than 50,000, and even more than 65,000 visitors came ina day. During 1935 the highest attendance for a single day was 22,305 on September 1, a Sunday. The Department of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension continued to provide natural history material for study by approxi- mately 500,000 children in more than 400 schools and other institu- tions. Its traveling exhibition cases, of which 882 were in circulation during the year, were available to all the children in these schools daily during the school terms. Cases are delivered and collected by Museum trucks, and the schedule is so arranged that two new subjects are brought to each school every two weeks. The activities of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation reached 219,321 children during the year, an increase of nearly 6,000 over the preceding year. Of these, 153,557 attended 411 illustrated extension lectures presented in classrooms and assembly halls of their own schools by the staff of the Raymond Foundation. This was a decrease from the 162,360 attending such JAN. 19386 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 293 lectures in 1934, but was more than made up for by the increases in the participants in Raymond Foundation activities conducted within the Museum. Those attending the twenty motion picture entertainments provided in the James Simpson Theatre in 1935 numbered 34,004, as against 27,653 in 1934; guide-lecture tours of the exhibition halls were provided for 6438 groups aggregating 24,978 children during 1935, as against 404 groups aggregating 14,759 in 1934. The regular spring and autumn courses of free illustrated lectures for adults on science and travel were presented in the James Simpson Theatre on Saturday afternoons during March and April, and October and November. Total attendance at the eighteen lectures presented was 24,336. There were guide-lecture tours provided for 355 groups of adults, and these were taken advantage of by 6,782 persons. Large numbers of persons, especially students, teachers, and visiting scientific workers, made use of the Museum Library of some 100,000 volumes, and also of the scientific study collections provided in each of the Museum’s scientific Departments. In recognition of his many valuable gifts to the Museum, con- sisting principally of collections of birds and individual specimens of rare birds, Mr. Leslie Wheeler’s name was added to the list of the Contributors to the Museum (a membership classification designating those whose gifts in money or materials reach a value between $1,000 and $100,000). Mr. Wheeler has been a Trustee of the Museum since 1934. Three new Life Members were elected during 1935. They are: Mr. Emanuel J. Block, Mr. Albert B. Dick, Jr., and Mrs. Philip S. Rinaldo. Two new Non-Resident Life Members were elected: Mr. John Wyatt Gregg, of Monticello, Illinois; and Mr. Herbert F. Johnson, Jr., of Racine, Wisconsin. A list of Members in all classes will be found at the end of this Report (p. 389). The total membership for the year was 4,143, which, while representing a gain of only one Member as compared with 1984 when there were 4,142, was nevertheless encouraging, as it made 1935 the first year since 1930 in which no loss was sustained, the intervening years having been marked with losses ranging from 57 to as many as 819. The death of Professor James Henry Breasted, founder and Director of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, in December, 1935, is noted with regret. That learned scholar, whose 294 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X outstanding accomplishments in archaeology had made him world- famous, in earlier years was of great service to Field Museum. He handled the purchasing and accomplished the original cataloguing and labeling of a large part of the Egyptian collection now in this institution. On May 17, 1926, he was elected an Honorary Member of Field Museum for his eminent service to Science. Tribute is due also to Dr. Henry Fairfield Osborn, Honorary President of The American Museum of Natural History, New York, who died in November. While Dr. Osborn had no direct connection with Field Museum, the influence of his great work was felt here as at other institutions devoted to science, and largely as a result of his efforts the utmost friendliness, harmony and active cooperation has prevailed between The American Museum and Field Museum. Sorrow was felt at Field Museum, too, because of the death, in February, of Dr. Herbert Weld, noted British scholar in the history and literature of Assyria and Ethiopia. He was sponsor, on behalf of Oxford, of the Field Museum—Oxford University Joint Expedition to Mesopotamia. On the basis of observations he made during his extensive travels, the site of Kish was selected for the excavations conducted over a long period of years by this expedition. At the Annual Meeting of the Board of Trustees, held January 21, 1935, all Officers of the Museum who had served in 1934 were re-elected. At the regular meeting held on October 21, the Board regretfully accepted the resignation of Trustee Frederick H. Rawson. Mr. Rawson was compelled to sever this connection because of ill health and the necessity of spending a large part of his time away from Chicago. He had been a Trustee since August, 1927, and his able counsel was greatly appreciated by his fellows on the Board, where he rendered distinguished service on the important Finance Com- mittee. Due to his eminent services to Science and to the Museum he is an Honorary Member, a Patron, a Contributor, a Corporate Member, and a Life Member of the Museum. Most notable among his many benefactions for the Museum were the organizing and financing of the two Rawson—MacMillan Subarctic Expeditions of Field Museum in 1926 and 1927-28; his similar sponsorship of the Frederick H. Rawson—Field Museum Ethnological Expedition to West Africa in 1929, and his contribution of $18,000 toward the preparation of the groups restoring types of prehistoric men in the Hall of the Stone Age of the Old World (Hall C). Altogether his JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 295 contributions total more than $93,000. His fellow Trustees join in wishing him health and happiness in his retirement. No steps were taken in 1935 toward the election of a successor to Mr. Rawson. A number of important new exhibits were installed during 1935, principally in the Department of Zoology. Seven new habitat groups of mammals were completed, of which five are in William V. Kelley Hall (Hall 17) devoted to Asiatic species, one in Carl E. Akeley Memorial Hall (Hall 22) of African mammals, and one in the Hall of Marine Mammals (Hall N). First of the Kelley Hall groups was that of axis deer, or chital, of India, a spotted species considered by many the most beautiful member of the deer family. The group is composed of specimens obtained from two sources, some having been collected by Colonel Theodore Roosevelt and Mr. Kermit Roosevelt on the James Simpson—Roosevelts Asiatic Expedition (1926), and some by the late Colonel J. C. Faunthorpe of Bombay. Staff Taxidermist C. J. Albrecht prepared the group, and the background was painted by Staff Artist Charles A. Corwin. Strikingly dramatic is the next exhibit finished in this hall, that of the common leopard, in which a fine specimen of this animal is seen crouched in a tree ready to pounce upon its prey. The specimen was obtained on the James Simpson—Roosevelts Expedition. Taxidermy, painted back- ground, and reproduction of the wild fig tree, which entailed an enormous amount of detailed labor, all are the work of Staff Taxi- dermist Leon L. Pray, assisted by Mr. Frank Letl. Important data for the task were supplied by the Bombay Natural History Society. Two groups of antelopes native to India were installed in Kelley Hall. In one, two small species are shown, the Indian antelope or blackbuck, and the Indian gazelle or chinkara. The specimens came from the Simpson—Roosevelts Asiatic Expedition and from Colonel Faunthorpe. Valuable studies for preparation of the group were made through the cooperation of the Bombay Natural History Society; the animals were mounted by Staff Taxidermist Arthur G. Rueckert, assisted by Mr. William E. Eigsti, and Artist Corwin painted the background. The other antelope group is that of the nilgai or blue bull. This is the largest species native to India. The specimens were collected by the Simpson—Roosevelts Expedition. Staff Taxidermist Julius Friesser prepared the group, assisted by Mr. Letl, who reproduced a dhak tree which is a prominent feature of the group. Mr. Corwin painted the background. 296 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X Fifth of the Kelley Hall groups is that of the rare Himalayan snow leopard of Tibet and India. This animal is regarded as the most beautiful member of the cat family, and because of its rarity and the high altitudes it inhabits, it is the least known of the cats. These animals make one of the most striking groups in the Museum, not only because of the interest and beauty of the animals themselves, but because of the impressive mountain-top scene in which they are displayed. The specimens were collected by natives, and obtained by the Museum through traders in India. Taxidermy is by Mr. Albrecht, and the background by Mr. Corwin. The addition to Akeley Hall is a group of the bizarre-looking gelada baboons found only in Ethiopia. The animals are shown on a pile of rocks typical of the mountain crests and high-walled canyons they inhabit. The specimens were collected by the Field Museum-Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition (1926-27). Preparation of the group was the work of Taxidermist Pray. In the Hall of Marine Mammals there was installed a group, one of the largest in the Museum, of elephant seals from Guadalupe Island off the west coast of Mexico. These huge creatures, which exceed any other seals in size, are comparatively rare, difficult to obtain, and difficult to preserve and prepare for exhibition. Speci- mens were secured for the Museum as a result of the generous cooperation of Captain G. Allan Hancock, of Los Angeles, and the interest of Dr. Harry M. Wegeforth, President of the San Diego Zoological Society. They organized the Hancock—Wegeforth Expedi- tion for the Museum in 1933, and with two Field Museum men aboard (Taxidermist Friesser and his assistant, Mr. Frank Wonder) made a special cruise to Guadalupe on Captain Hancock’s large motor ship, the Velero III, an especially equipped vessel frequently used for scientific work. Part of the expense of the expedition was met with income from the Emily Crane Chadbourne Fund of the Museum. The group, in which the animals are shown basking on a seashore with the surf rolling in, includes one enormous bull, seventeen feet in length, which weighed about 5,000 pounds in life, and several other specimens. The collectors, Messrs. Friesser and Wonder, were responsible also for taxidermy on the group. Artist Corwin painted the background which shows a section of the beach on Guadalupe where the elephant seals assemble in large numbers. Such gathering-places are referred to as hauling grounds. Extensive alterations were made on the habitat group in Hall 20 illustrating the bird life of Walrus Island in the Bering Sea. The Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. X, Plate XX VI SACRED APRON Hall 32 Consisting of forty-one carved pieces of human thigh bones. Used in religious ceremonies of the Tibetan Lamas About one-seventh actual size Presented by Arthur B. Jones THE LIBRARY OF THES ere UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 297 group, a gift to the Museum from President Stanley Field, was completely reinstalled with great improvements, the work being done by Messrs. Pray, Letl, and Corwin. Exhibits of North American birds in Hall 21 were completed by Staff Taxidermists Ashley Hine and John W. Moyer, and important additions were made also to the exhibits of foreign birds occupying the other half of this hall. Of special interest are a screen showing the principal extinct species of North American birds, which points a lesson on the need for conservation measures, and an exhibit of foreign birds introduced on this continent by importation through the agency of man and now so adapted as to be on a par with natives. A number of rare, and many otherwise interesting birds, are included on screens of ocean birds and of pheasants and their relatives which have been added to this same hall. A specimen of the large flightless bird of New Guinea known as the cassowary, added to Hall 21, represents a new development in ornithological taxidermy. The head, neck, legs and feet of this specimen, instead of being mounted in the usual manner, were reproduced in cellulose-acetate by Staff Taxidermist Leon L. Walters, using the same method he has so suc- cessfully developed and used for the preparation of reptiles, amphib- ians, and large hairless or thinly haired animals such as the rhinoceros and hippopotamus. This new application proved highly successful, and solved the problem presented by the fact that original dried skins in the Museum collection have lost all their brilliant coloration, and the horny layers of the casque have split so as to lose their natural translucence. A number of additions and reinstallations were effected also among the exhibits of reptiles, fishes, and skeletons. In the Department of Geology two new paleontological exhibits of outstanding scientific interest were added to Ernest R. Graham Hall (Hall 38), and a third was practically completed, ready for installation early in 1936. One of these is known as Astrapotherium magnum. This is a species of animal which lived in southern Argentina and neighboring countries during the Miocene age (ap- proximately 15,000,000 years ago). It possesses many unusual features of structure, and the Museum specimen has been the object of studies not only by the Staff but by eminent paleontologists from other institutions who came here especially for the purpose. The second great fossil among the additions to Graham Hall is that of the largest species of South American ground sloth, known as Megatherium americanum. This giant, eighteen feet long, 298 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X was collected by Associate Curator Elmer 8. Riggs while leading the Second Marshall Field Paleontological Expedition to Argentina (1927), and is believed to be the only complete skeleton in any North American museum. The task of assembling it was an enor- mous one that occupied for many months the time of Preparator Phil C. Orr. The animal lived about 20,000 years ago. A mounted skeleton of an extremely rare and surpassingly in- teresting fossil mammal of North America, called Trtanoides faberi, was practically completed in 1935, and awaited installation in January, 1936. This animal until very recently was one of the least known of American fossil mammals, and until specimens were col- lected in 19382 and 1933 by Assistant Curator Bryan Patterson (assisted by Mr. Edwin B. Faber of Grand Junction, Colorado, the discoverer, and Mr. T. J. Newhill, Jr., Preparator James H. Quinn, and Mr. C. A. Quinn) the animal was known only by a specimen of its lower jaws. Titanoides, which has no near relatives now living and is so unlike any existing mammal that profitable comparisons are impossible, is believed to have been the first of the large mammals to appear on this continent following the decline of the dinosaurs and other once dominant reptilian groups. It lived during the Paleocene or opening period of the Age of Mammals, some 50,000,000 years ago. Also of interest among additions to Graham Hall are the shell and internal skeleton of a great fossil land-turtle, forty-two inches long and thirty-two inches wide, collected in 1931 by a Museum expedition in western Nebraska. In other divisions of the Depart- ment of Geology minor additions were made to the exhibits, as well as a number of reinstallations to improve older exhibits. Scattered additions were made to the exhibits in the Department of Anthropology. In Hall 8, devoted to the archaeology and ethnol- ogy of Mexico and Central America, there was placed a miniature model of the ancient votive Pyramid of Quetzalcoatl. This was obtained in an exchange with the National Museum of Mexico. It is a strikingly accurate reproduction, and makes a most attractive exhibit. Hall 9, devoted to the archaeology of South America, has been completely reinstalled and much new material added. Among features of special interest are an exhibit of so-called “mummies” or desiccated bodies from ancient Peru, reproductions of two opened Peruvian graves, dating to the period about A.D. 1250, shrunken human heads of enemies decapitated by the Chaco and Jivaro In- dians and preserved by a unique method, exhibits showing the JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 299 preparation of food from the poisonous mandioca tuber, and the sacred trumpets used in initiation rites. In the same hall was placed an ancient Peruvian quipu, an accounting device used by the Incas in various kinds of computation. This rare object was found in a collection of archaeological material presented some years ago by Messrs. Stanley Field, Henry J. Patten, and Charles B. Pike. A collection of primitive African musical instruments and dancing regalia, obtained in Nigeria by the Frederick H. Rawson—Field Mu- seum Ethnological Expedition to West Africa (1929) was added to Hall D. The Races of Mankind exhibits in Chauncey Keep Memo- rial Hall (Hall 3) were completed with the addition of the bronze bust of a Beduin, bringing the total number of sculptures by Miss Malvina Hoffman to ninety-one (including several groups which increase the number of individual representatives of the various races portrayed to 101). Reinstallation of exhibits in Hall 32 (ethnology of China and Tibet), which had been interrupted by the death late in 1934 of former Curator Berthold Laufer, was completed by Assistant Curator J. Eric Thompson. New exhibits of special interest are a notable T‘ang period clay statuette of a dancing woman presented to the Museum by an anonymous donor as a memorial to Dr. Laufer; a Tibetan coracle, or semi-globular boat made of animal skins, of a type used in crossing rivers, which once served Dr. Laufer while on an expedition in Tibet; and a colorful statue of Yama, the Tibetan god of death, presented by Mr. William E. Hague. A large cast-iron bell from a Lama temple in Tibet, which had been withdrawn from exhibition for some years, was reinstalled in this hall. The principal undertakings for augmenting and improving the exhibits of the Department of Botany are a series of fifteen large mural paintings showing plants in their natural environments, for the walls of the Hall of Plant Life (Hall 29), and the construction of dioramas of coffee and tea plantations. Two of the murals, which are being done by Staff Artist Charles A. Corwin, were completed and installed in 1935—one representing the baobab tree of Africa, and the other showing some giant cacti of Mexico. Several others were brought near enough to completion to be placed on view early in 1936. The coffee plantation model, the work of Preparator John R. Millar, with a background by Mr. Corwin, was completed and installed in Hall 25 with other exhibits pertaining to the coffee in- dustry; and the tea plantation diorama is well on the way toward completion. 300 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X Other additions to the Hall of Plant Life include reproductions of acanthus, mistletoe and loquat plants. For reasons of economy, the Museum conducted no expeditions during 1935. The institution benefited to some extent, however, from expeditionary work under other auspices. Through the Emily Crane Chadbourne Fund the Museum was enabled to participate in the Second Byrd Antarctic Expedition headed by Admiral Richard Ek. Byrd. As a result, specimens were obtained of the two principal species of Antarctic seals. These are of the species known as Wed- dell’s seal and crab-eating seal, and are quite rare in museum col- lections. It is planned to use the specimens of Weddell’s seal in a proposed habitat group for the Hall of Marine Mammals (Hall N). Through a gift from the Chicago Zoological Society, the Museum received ten specimens of the rare emperor penguin, and one of the Adelie penguin, collected also by Admiral Byrd for that society’s zoo at Brookfield, Illinois. These were exhibited alive at the zoo, and following their death were presented to the Museum. Various other birds were also presented by the same society. Work is now under way on a habitat group of the emperor penguins for the projected new Hall of Birds. Three specimens of the strange Arctic sea mammal called nar- whal were collected for the Museum by Captain Robert A. Bartlett, well-known explorer of the far north. The commission to collect these, like that assigned to Admiral Byrd, was made possible by the Emily Crane Chadbourne Fund. The specimens are to be used in a habitat group in the Hall of Marine Mammals. The John G. Shedd Aquarium generously presented tc the Museum a large and very valuable collection of fishes taken in Hawaii and Fiji by that institution’s recent expedition to the South Seas. A large number of species are included, among them some especially rare or otherwise notably attractive ones. While the Field Museum Anthropological Expedition to the Near Kast, sponsored by Mr. Marshall Field, and led by Assistant Curator Henry Field, completed its work and returned late in 1934, its results were not fully realized until 1935 when important accessions were received by the Departments of Botany, Geology and Zoology, as well as Anthropology. Accounts of this material will be found under each of the departmental sections of this Report. Mr. J. Francis Macbride, Assistant Curator of the Herbarium, after his first vacation visit to this country in five years, returned to Europe in January to resume the botanical project commenced Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. X, Plate X XVII PERUVIAN GRAVE Hall 9 Reconstruction of a stone-lined grave at Ancon, Central Coast of Peru JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 301 in 1929 jointly by Field Museum and the Rockefeller Foundation. This work is now being continued by Field Museum independently, and has received splendid cooperation from leading botanical insti- tutions in Europe. The project has for its purpose the making of photographic negatives of type specimens of plants, chiefiy South American, which are preserved in herbaria abroad. From these negatives prints are made available, at cost, to botanists every- where, and are proving of great value in the advancement of system- atic botany. Thus far, somewhere in the neighborhood of 30,000 negatives have been made. To various contributors of funds, and of material for the scientific collections, grateful acknowledgment is hereby made. Among cash gifts may be mentioned the following: Sums totaling $4,000 were received as gifts from Mrs. James Nelson Raymond, of Chicago, to be used toward the operating expenses of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foun- dation for Public School and Children’s Lectures. This foundation was established by Mrs. Raymond in 1925 with a large endowment, and since that time she has generously contributed further funds each year. From Mr. Leslie Wheeler, of Lake Forest, Illinois, gifts totaling $1,000 were received. This fund was designated for the purchase of desirable specimens of birds of prey as opportunities arise. From S. C. Johnson and Sons, Inc., of Racine, Wisconsin, a contribution of $600 was received. A contribution of $500 was received from the American Friends of China, Chicago, for expenses involved in the cataloguing of the library bequeathed to the Museum by the late Dr. Berthold Laufer, including the employment of Mr. Kenji Toda for this purpose. The Chicago Park District turned over to the Museum $140,838.65, representing the institution’s share, as authorized by the state legislature, of collections made during 1935 under the tax levies for 1934 and previous years. Among the gifts of material for the collections, to which more detailed reference will be found in the departmental sections, and in the complete List of Accessions (p. 376), a few outstanding ones may be mentioned as follows: Mr. A. W. Exline of San José, Mindoro Island, in the Philippines, ‘presented four excellent skins of tamarao, a rare small species of buffalo found nowhere in the world except in the Mindoro jungles. 302 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X Mr. Exline hunted these animals for the Museum as a result of a suggestion made by Colonel Theodore Roosevelt at the time the latter was Governor-General of the Philippine Islands. One is being mounted for exhibition. Other material for the Department of Zoology was also sent by Mr. Exline. What should be credited as a gift from Mrs. Emily Crane Chad- bourne, since it was purchased with funds she provided, is a very important collection of some 2,500 birds representing more than 1,000 different species. 'These were selected from the large col- lection gathered by the late Henry Kelso Coale of Highland Park, Illinois. The collection of birds of prey was greatly enlarged by the contributions of Mr. Leslie Wheeler, of Lake Forest, Illinois, which during the year amounted 72n toto to 480 specimens. Many of these were very rare or otherwise especially interesting species. Frequent contributions of valuable material for the zoological collections were received from the following Chicago organizations: General Biological Supply House, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chi- cago Zoological Society and the Lincoln Park Zoo (maintained by the Chicago Park District). An interesting collection of bats, frogs and lizards, gathered in Barbados, West Indies, by Mr. Stewart J. Walpole, of Park Ridge, Illinois, was presented by him. A notable collection of reptiles was received as a gift from Mr. Stewart Springer of the Caribbean Biological Laboratories, Biloxi, Mississippi. Among notable gifts received in the Department of Anthro- pology were eight ethnological objects of the Djukas of Dutch Guiana, presented by Mr. and Mrs. Maurice Berkson, of Highland Park, Illinois; eight pottery objects from ancient Kish, from the American Institute for Persian Art and Archaeology, New York; eighteen African musical instruments from Mrs. Laura C. Boulton, Chicago; and a lady’s coat of the Ta Kang period of the Ching dynasty, China, from Miss Alice B. Robbins, Chicago. Gifts to the Departments of Botany and Geology, while more minor in character, were extremely gratifying in number and aggre- gate value, and testified, like the gifts to the other Departments, to the great number of friends the Museum has in various parts of the world who frequently take the time and trouble to find and send material to this institution. The Museum Library also was the recipient of many gifts. The outstanding one, a collection of 100 extremely rare and valuable JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 303 books which had formed part of the library of Mr. Stanley Field, President of the Museum, was presented by him. These books, most of them very old, some dating back as far as the sixteenth century, are especially valuable as source material. They include many which are notable as examples of the fine book making arts of a past era. The Museum entertained many distinguished visitors during 1935, among whom may be mentioned the following: Professor Julian Huxley, noted British scientist and author, and Secretary of the Zoological Society of London; Dr. Roy Chapman Andrews, Director of The American Museum of Natural History, New York; Professor Ralph W. Chaney, paleobotanist of the University of California; Major-General Sir Francis Younghusband, well-known explorer and author, and former British Commissioner to Tibet; M. Maxime Ducroecq, noted French sportsman and Président du Conseil International de la Chasse; Colonel Theodore Roosevelt; Dr. E. L. Gill, Director of the South African Museum at Cape Town; Captain Harold A. White, of New York, sponsor and leader of several African expeditions, including two for Field Museum; Mr. George Eumorforpoulos, founder of the famous Eumorforpoulos Collection recently purchased by the British nation for the Victoria and Albert Museum; Mr. Robert Lockhart Hobson, Keeper of the Department of Ceramics and Ethnography in the British Museum, and cataloguer of the Eumorforpoulos Collection; Mr. Oscar Raphael, well-known British private collector of Orientalia; and Dr. William Berryman Scott, professor emeritus at Princeton University. With the completion of Chauncey Keep Hall upon receipt of the last sculpture, that of a Beduin, from Miss Malvina Hoffman, the sculptor, final payment was made, fulfilling her contract. All the plaster casts of the Races of Mankind sculptures which had been at the Rudier Foundry at Paris were transferred to Marshall Field and Company’s Paris branch for storage, awaiting removal to the Museum. Bronze reproductions of the Sara dancing girl and the Senegalese drummer have been sold to The American Museum of Natural History, New York. During the year certain sums of money designated for the Library became available for use, and the various Departments were notified that they might make recommendations for purchase of such books as would be most useful, to the extent that these funds would permit. As a result, many books which had been needed, but the 304 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X purchase of which had had to be denied in previous years because of lack of funds, were acquired. The expansion of the Library, due to the above acquisitions, the bequest of Dr. Laufer’s many books, and to accessions from various other sources during the past few years, has been such that more space was required adequately to accommodate the books, pamphlets, and periodicals which now number approximately 100,000 volumes. By a readjustment of the workrooms of the Department of Geology, Room 120, across from the general library, was made available for the use of the Library. Shelves were installed, and various large and important collections of books were moved into this room. A number of changes in the Staff occurred during the year. Mr. Leslie Wheeler, a Trustee, was given an honorary appoint- ment as Associate in Ornithology, in recognition of his deep and active interest in and support of the bird collection of the Museum. Mr. Wheeler is conducting important researches in the Division of Birds, in which he has been assigned an office-laboratory because of the great amount of his time he devotes to this work. In recognition of the capable manner in which he has administered the Department of Anthropology as Acting Curator since the death of Former Curator Berthold Laufer, the Board of Trustees at its meeting held December 16 approved the appointment of Dr. Paul S. Martin as Curator of the Department, to become effective January 1, 1936. Dr. Martin, who formerly was Assistant Curator of North American Archaeology, has been a member of the Staff since 1929. Several members of the Staff resigned during the year. They are Mr. J. Eric Thompson, Assistant Curator of Central and South American Archaeology, who accepted a position offered by the Carnegie Institution of Washington, D.C.; Mr. Ashley Hine, Staff Taxidermist in the Division of Birds, who wished to retire from his profession; and Mr. Franklin C. Potter, Guide-lecturer on the staff of the Raymond Foundation, who left to accept a position with the United States National Park Service. Mr. John W. Moyer, formerly Assistant Taxidermist in the Division of Birds, was promoted to Taxidermist in Mr. Hines’ place. Mrs. Leota G. Thomas was appointed as Guide-lecturer to fill the vacancy left by Mr. Potter’s resignation. Mr. Bryan Patterson, formerly Assistant in Paleontology, was promoted to the position of Assistant Curator of Fossil Mammals. JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 305 Mr. Emmet R. Blake was appointed Assistant in the Division of Birds. The title of Mr. J. Francis Macbride, formerly Assistant Curator of Taxonomy, was changed to Assistant Curator of the Herbarium, as being more appropriate to the duties assigned to him. Mr. John B. Abbott, highly skilled preparator of fossil skeletons in the Division of Paleontology, died on August 6. He had been employed at Field Museum since 1901, and, except for a few intervals on leave of absence, had worked here continuously since that time. Under the provisions of the Field Museum Employes’ Pension Fund insurance amounting to $4,000 was paid to his widow. Also, under the provisions of this fund, insurance was paid in the following amounts to the beneficiaries of the policies of the following employes and pensioners who died during the year: $4,000 to the two brothers of Mr. Percy L. Barrow, printer; $4,000 to the daughter of Mr. John Manwell, pensioner; $2,500 to the widow of James Adams, guard; $1,500 to the widower of Mrs. Agnes Jansto, janitress. Mr. Jacob F. Mangelsen, carpenter and preparator in the Depart- ment of Botany, died late in December. His insurance policy under the pension fund calls for the payment of $4,000 to his estate. A pension of $45 a month, effective from July 1, was granted to Mr. Thomas J. Larkin, former guard, retired because of ill health. In settlement of his claim for total disability benefits, payments of $72.60 per month, to continue for a period of five years, were begun to Mr. Fred H. Geilhufe, former painter. This also was provided for by the group insurance policies carried under the Museum Pension Fund. Among new employes added to the Museum personnel during the year are the following: Mr. James Quinn, appointed as a pre- parator in the Division of Paleontology to fill the vacancy caused by Mr. Abbott’s death; Mr. A. L. Stebbins, employed as North Door attendant to take the place of Mr. Landee Hanson, who resigned; and two carpenters employed for construction work on exhibition cases in the new Hall of Birds. Mr. Kenji Toda was temporarily employed to catalogue the large library of Oriental literature bequeathed to the Museum by the late Dr. Berthold Laufer. Funds for this purpose were provided by the American Friends of China, Chicago. As a volunteer worker, Professor F. E. Wood was also engaged upon this task. A notable research project of a most unusual character was com- pleted during the year by Assistant Curator Sharat K. Roy of the 306 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. X Department of Geology. By exhaustive experiments in which parts of meteorites were exposed in sterile culture media to determine whether or not they contained extra-terrestrial bacteria, he refuted the theory propounded in 1932 by Professor Charles B. Lipman of the University of California that meteorites had brought life of extra- terrestrial origin to the earth. A complete detailed report on Mr. Roy’s methods and findings has been made available in one of the Museum’s Geological Series of publications issued during the year. An interesting research project having for its object the determi- nation of facts concerning the migration and hibernation of snakes, about which little has ever before been learned, was initiated by Assistant Curator of Reptiles Karl P. Schmidt, with the assistance of Assistant Curator Bryan Patterson of the Department of Geology, and Taxidermists Leon L. Walters and Edgar G. Laybourne. Having discovered an unusual colony of blue racers in the Indiana Dunes, these men marked a large number of the snakes so they may be re- captured and identified, much as research is conducted on birds by banding their legs. Further observations are to be made from time to time. A number of skulls of rare species of bats were discovered, by Assistant Curator of Mammals Colin C. Sanborn, as the result of the transfer of some ethnological specimens containing bat skulls from the Department of Anthropology to the Department of Zoology. Discovery of one of the rarest plants in the world, growing wild at Joliet, Illinois, was reported by Mr. Paul C. Standley, Associate Curator of the Herbarium, whose attention was called to it by Mr. H. Forrer. The fossil Astrapotheres in Field Museum’s collection were the subject of very important research by Dr. William Berryman Scott, professor emeritus of Princeton University, who spent several weeks at the Museum engaged in these studies. Dr. Scott is one of the world’s greatest authorities in the field of paleontology. The output of scientific publications by Field Museum Press in 1935 was exceptionally large. A list of those issued will be found in this Report under the heading Division of Printing, and details con- cerning their distribution appear under the heading Division of Publications. As in the past several years, in addition to handling its own publications, the Museum handled sales, on a consignment basis, of books issued by other publishers. These included works of which members of the Staff were authors, or which, although written by others, were based on material in the collections of the Museum, JAN. 19386 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 307 as well as some with no direct Museum connection but nevertheless on subjects within the scope of the Museum. Among additions to these were the following: Before the Dawn of History, by Charles R. Knight, published by the McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, and containing reproductions of many of Mr. Knight’s mural paint- ings of prehistoric life in Ernest R. Graham Hall; The Magdalenian Skeleton from Cap-Blanc in the Field Museum of Natural History, a monograph on the Magdalenian skeleton exhibited in the Hall of the Stone Age of the Old World, by Dr. Gerhardt von Bonin of the staff of the department of anatomy of the University of Illinois, published by the University of Illinois Press; The Hawks of North America, by Dr. John B. May, formerly director of ornithology of the Massachusetts Department of Agriculture, published by the National Association of Audubon Societies; and four new titles in the series of books (mentioned in the 1934 Report) on animals for children containing pictures of habitat groups in Field Museum. The pictures in the last appear in three dimensions when viewed through an optical device accompanying the books, which are pub- lished by The Orthovis Company, of Chicago. The various other books by Staff members, reported in the previous year, were con- tinued on sale at the Museum in 1935. The Museum was represented at the International Botanical Congress held at Amsterdam in September by Professor Samuel J. Record, Research Associate in Wood Technology (and professor at Yale University School of Forestry), and by Mr. Llewelyn Williams, Assistant Curator of Economic Botany. Professor A. C. Noé, the Museum’s Research Associate in Paleo- botany (and member of the faculty of the University of Chicago) by special invitation delivered an address before the Seventh American Scientific Congress held in Mexico City in September. In the pro- gram of the same gathering was included a paper by Associate Curator Paul C. Standley of the Museum Herbarium. Mr. Standley was honored during the year also by the Panama Canal Zone Natural History Society, which elected him an honorary member in recogni- tion of his valuable researches on the fiora of the Canal Zone. In order to extend the Christmas and New Year’s Day holidays to a larger number of Museum employes, it was decided henceforth to close the Museum to the public on those days. This new policy was put into effect on Christmas, 1935. By this action guards, jani- tors and other employes are enabled to spend the holidays with their families, and only such employes as are necessary for safety remain 308 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X on duty. The closing causes little if any inconvenience to the public, as attendance on these days in the past has always been of negligible proportions. Dr. Charles Baehni, of the staff of the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques of Geneva, Switzerland, returned to Europe after a stay of fourteen months in Chicago during which he was assigned an office in Field Museum and given facilities for research on the Ameri- can flora and upon the Sapotaceae or sapodilla family. In addition, he assembled duplicate material to be sent to the Geneva Herbarium as the result of a cooperative project arranged by the Museum with Dr. B. P. G. Hochreutiner, Director of the Geneva institution. During the greater part of 1935, as through most of 1934 and the last month of 1933, Field Museum has enjoyed the advantages of having a large force of extra workers assigned to it by state and fed- eral unemployment relief agencies. In the year just closed this developed to a new peak, in regard to the number of workers assigned, and in the efficiency and productivity they developed. When the year ended indications were that this situation would continue for at least several months of 1936. Practically all the workers assigned in 1985 came from two agencies, the Illinois Emergency Relief Commission, and the federal government’s Works Progress Administration. However, there were also for short periods two men assigned by the federal Civil Works Educational Service, one by the United Charities of Chicago, and one by the Jewish Social Service Bureau. The total number of workers assigned at any one time has ranged from 48 to 188, with about an equal division of men and women. Through the efforts of the many relief workers the Museum has made great gains in the completion of important cataloguing and recording tasks, sorting and preparation of specimens, repairing of specimens, issuance of publications, indexing, typing and general clerical work, and other work of a routine nature. Most of this work would not have been possible of accomplishment for years to come if the regular Museum Staff had been unaided. For years it has not been possible for internal activity to keep pace with the great col- lections accumulated by the many expeditions which the institution had in operation during its most active period of field work, which reached its greatest expansion, after steady growth, in the period between 1925 and 1931. The relief workers have been a great boon in assisting the Staff in the vast undertaking of classifying and record- ing all this material, which numbers many thousands of specimens SUBIANIOg JUZIOUYW Aq pasn aoIAep SuUNoDYy 6 Il®H NdIno ‘ grt iK ¢ ark = wands 3 3 7 a or rd 4 JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 309 of myriad kinds, and was congesting the storage facilities of all the scientific Departments. But not only have the relief workers aided in such routine tasks as those above indicated—many have proved also to be skilled arti- sans, or at least to possess native ability making them susceptible of training for tasks requiring meticulous skill, and under the super- vision of the regular Staff they have been able to give valuable assistance in the preparation of new exhibits or accessories for exhibits. Further, a few others are men and women who have actually had scientific or other professional training and formerly held responsible positions in institutions such as universities and libraries, and some of these have been given important research tasks to work upon. Officials of the relief agencies have expressed the opinion that the Field Museum project is one of the most out- standing and satisfactory of all the projects in the national program for social rehabilitation. Frequent visits of inspection were made by various Officials of the Works Progress Administration. To record the activities of the WPA workers assigned to the institution both motion and still pictures were made at the instance of the federal government. While, compared to many other projects of the more usual public works character, the Museum project is on a small scale, it represents an ideal among work relief enterprises because of the wide variety of types of employment embraced, the high objectives of the work, the conditions under which it has been carried out, and the huge total of successful accomplishments it has produced. In 1935 (for details of relief work in previous years, see Annual Report of the Director, 1933, p. 27, and 1934, p. 164) from the beginning of the year to about the end of April, and again from the middle of June until nearly the end of September, the Museum had workers assigned by the Illinois Emergency Relief Commission. These men and women were assigned in groups ranging from 48 to 117 in number. Their working time totaled 40,014 hours. The wages they received, paid by the state, amounted to $24,394. Beginning October 16, and continuing to the end of the year (under arrangements which are expected to continue during a con- siderable part of 1936) the relief workers assigned to the Museum came under the authority of the Works Progress Administration. The number of these WPA workers has ranged from 140 to 188, and their total working time to December 31 amounted to 50,239 hours. Wages, paid by the federal government, amounted during the period indicated to $27,724. 310 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X The permanent value to the Museum of the work undertaken by these forces of relief workers in the aggregate, during the year 1935, is estimated at approximately $95,000. This estimate is based upon the value computed by the heads of each Department and Division involved, and arrived at after consideration of the production of the workers and the probable cost to the Museum of a similar quantity and character of work if it were possible and desirable to employ privately a force of workers to do it at prevailing wages. While there has been no payroll expense to the Museum as a result of this large additional personnel in its offices, laboratories and shops, there has, naturally, been some expense to the institution to provide materials, tools, and supplies of various kinds needed in the work. This cost in 1985 amounted to upwards of $4,000. Following will be found brief summaries of the accomplishments by the relief work forces in the various Departments and Divisions of the Museum during 1935: DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY.—This Department had the services of five women under IERC; six men and four women under WPA. The total number of hours worked amounted to more than 5,100. A major task undertaken was the assembling of the many parts of a great stucco gateway from ancient Kish, Iraq, to restore it for exhibition in Hall K, where a new series of exhibits is projected. This work is still under way. Other work in this Depart- ment includes the mounting of more than 300 Peruvian textiles on linen, the mounting of more than 11,000 photographs on cards or in albums, writing captions for 2,700 of the photographs, typing more than 1,200 index cards, and 750 pages of notes, manuscripts, labels and other matter; the washing of 400 pieces of pottery, and of 250 bones and teeth, and numbering and wrapping same; the cleaning of 475 pieces of Sasanian stucco and repairing of a number of these; a large amount of proof-reading, and much work such as cataloguing, and clerical work of a wide variety. Estimated value of the work is placed at $3,884. As a part of the art project of the Works Progress Administra- tion, certain important work for this institution was undertaken also outside the Museum building. This work consists of a series of six- teen enlarged reproductions in plaster of historic cylinder seals representing events from the Archaic to the Achaemenid periods in Assyria, Babylonia, Persia, and other ancient countries of the Near East area. These are joined together to form a frieze, 119 feet long and two and one-half feet wide, which will be installed on the walls JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 311 of Hall K, now under preparation for archaeological exhibits. Other exhibits in this hall will be composed principally of material acquired by various Museum expeditions of recent years, especially the col- lections obtained by the Field Museum-—Oxford University Joint Expedition to Mesopotamia (1922-82) in excavations at Kish. Value of the frieze is placed at about $15,000. DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY.—From IERC this Department was assigned thirteen men and fifty-three women; from WPA eighteen men and seventy women; time worked amounted to more than 29,300 hours. Largest activity was in the Herbarium where more than 61,000 plants were mounted, 30,000 packets for plants made, and 146 shipments of plants packed, this work occupying the time of from 30 to 36 workers. Approximately 142,000 index cards were written. From three to six men with manual arts ability assisted the regular Staff on plant reproductions, and two others assisted on the dioramas of coffee and tea plantations, the first of which is already on exhibition. An artist supplied various drawings needed in the Department’s work. Time of the other workers was divided among a multitude of tasks such as typing thousands of pages of manuscript, filing thousands of photographs, lettering case labels, and various sorts of clerical work. The value of the work is estimated at $34,296. DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY.—To this Department IERC assigned four men and one woman; WPA, six men and three women. This group worked an aggregate of more than 5,300 hours. One man, a trained optical mineralogist, conducted important research on the diamond, especially on some unusual specimens in matrix from Brazil. The results of his work will form a future publication. He also identified some 1,500 mineral specimens by inspection, and 520 by optical and microscopical methods. A trained paleontological preparator mounted several large and important fossil specimens for the exhibits. The time of others was devoted to the heavy task of moving the reserve collections of 16,000 geological specimens from Room 120, which was cleared for use of the Library, to Room 113; to arranging trays of specimens, repairing and cleaning 1,500 broken mineral specimens, numbering and classifying 10,250 specimens, cleaning the chemical laboratory apparatus, making plaster casts and models, correcting proofs, stone cutting, typing 25,000 index cards, copy for 600 printed labels, 8,200 storage labels, and 1,400 pages of manuscript, mounting and labeling 445 photographs, and a large amount of other general clerical work. The work in this De- partment is estimated to exceed $5,000 in value. 312 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. X DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY.—Services were rendered in the De- partment of Zoology by twelve men and ten women from IERC; twenty-five men and nineteen women from WPA; two men from the Civil Works Educational Service, and one man from the Jewish Social Service Bureau. The total number of hours worked by all these was in excess of 18,300. The tasks accomplished were ex- tremely varied. One of the workers with professional experience developed an improved technique for the preparation of skeletons of fishes, reptiles and amphibians which will henceforth be of great use to the Department, and is the subject of a proposed technique publication. Others with technical experience conducted research on the birds of Guatemala and Galapagos, identified specimens of birds and birds’ eggs, determined a collection of moths, conducted research on snakes (including scale counts on 107 specimens), and catalogued collections. Some with experience or ability in hand- crafts prepared accessories for the nilgai and leopard groups, and for proposed groups of African birds; repaired 222 bird skins; prepared models for proposed exhibits; and in various ways assisted the taxi- dermists. Many needed drawings and maps were made by an artist. General and varied work on the collections was performed by others, such as rearranging 1,045 trays of specimens for study purposes, tagging and cataloguing 7,500 specimens, arranging jars for alcoholic specimens, etc. In the osteological division some 930 small skulls were cleaned, and about sixty-five large skulls and skeletons or parts of skeletons. Identifications were made on 531 insect specimens. Indices were made for more than 5,000 species and genera of insects, and for 1,000 pamphlets and fifty-one volumes of collected papers on fishes. Photographs mounted number 1,150. An enormous amount of typing was done, including 12,780 index cards, 240 letters, 400 pages of manuscript, bibliographies, etc., as well as 22,930 hand- written labels and cards. A great deal of filing and other sorts of clerical work were also performed. The Curator’s estimate of the value of all the work is $16,933. LIBRARY.—The Library has had the assistance of two men and two women from IERC; six men and three women from WPA, and one man from the United Charities. Their working time totaled some- thing over 4,100 hours. The most important item was the binding and reconditioning of nearly 700 books and pamphlets, and the reno- vating of some 4,000 others which had been in a dilapidated condition. Other work done includes the writing of 7,000 index cards; filing of 23,600 cards; moving of 40,000 books in rearrangement of the stacks JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 313 and taking over Room 120 which has been added to the Library quarters; the unpacking and sorting of some 12,000 volumes; copying of manuscript; checking of books for cataloguing; and, by one man versed in languages, the translation of Russian, Czecho- slovakian and Finnish material for cataloguing, and other biblio- graphical work. Estimated value of the work is placed at $3,835. DIVISION OF PRINTING.—Eleven men and two women, with experience in the various printing trades, were assigned to the Division of Printing by IERC; twenty-three men and three women by WPA. These included compositors, pressmen, monotype opera- tors and casters, binders, etc., and they assisted the regular printing force in all classes of work. Working time totaled more than 8,000 hours—4,090 hours on publications, 820 hours on exhibition labels, and 3,130 hours on miscellaneous job printing, Freld Museum News, and other tasks. The estimated value of their services is $7,985. DIVISION OF PHOTOGRAPHY.—To this Division three men and one woman were assigned by IJERC; three men and two women by WPA. Hours worked amount to about 3,200. Those with experience in professional photography made 22,000 photographic prints. The others worked on the big task of cataloguing the collection of some 85,000 negatives, and other clerical work. Value of the work is placed at $2,400. RECORDER’S OFFICE, DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS, AND DIVISION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS.—Two women from IERC and one from WPA served these offices jointly. Time amounted to more than 900 hours. Work was of a general clerical character, such as typing invoices, operating addressograph machine, wrapping packages for mailing, preparing Field Musewm News for distribution, record entries, indexing, filing, etc. Value estimated at $1,645. DIVISION OF MEMBERSHIPS.—One woman was assigned to this Division, both under IERC and WPA. Hours worked amount to 480. Work was all clerical, consisting of rewriting 8,860 cards, sorting 12,275 cards, alphabetically arranging 28,885 cards, supply- ing telephone numbers on 3,445 cards, and handling about 600 other cards. Value of work estimated at $665. DIVISION OF MAINTENANCE, AND CHIEF ENGINEER’S FORCE.— To these Divisions, IERC assigned thirteen men, and WPA nineteen men. Aggregate hours worked were 8,100. Work consisted of a variety of maintenance tasks. Value of this work is placed at $3,729. 314 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X An “ozonator” or air purifying machine was installed in the Museum and connected with the ventilating system for the James Simpson Theatre, in order to increase the comfort of audiences attending lectures, children’s programs, etc. This apparatus keeps the air fresh and pleasant without causing chilliness or drafts. Tests made show that with the ozonator in operation the air in the entire auditorium can be cleared in a very few minutes, and all chance of accumulation of impurities in the air eliminated. Many members of audiences in the Theatre have commented on the improvement noted since installation of this apparatus. The Museum continued its assistance to the study of art by Chi- cago students, through the Art Research Classes conducted in co- operation with the Art Institute of Chicago. The work has now been in progress since 1922, and is still in charge of the same instructor, Mr. John Gilbert Wilkins, of the faculty of the school of the Art Institute. There are classes in drawing, painting, illustration, de- sign, sculpture, etc. Regular courses are held in the spring, autumn and winter, and a special summer class is provided for teachers and others whose employment makes it possible to attend only at that time. Altogether more than one hundred students are accommo- dated. A classroom and working facilities are provided by the Mu- seum, and exhibits in the institution are used as subjects for study. As in past years, Mr. Wilkins reports, graduates have achieved pro- fessional success as creative artists and as teachers of art. Also, the Saturday School of the Art Institute continued the sending of classes of young children to Field Museum. These include children ranging from fourth grade elementary pupils to those of high school age, and the enrollment in 1935 was forty-one. The Museum continued its efforts to dispose of duplicate mate- rial no longer of use in this institution because it has been supplanted by superior material of the same nature. These efforts, which have for their aim not merely the money that may be realized through sale, but also the placing of this material in other institutions in which it will be of real value, have now been going on for several years, and have met with considerable success. Among items offered during 19385 are the X-ray machine and all accessory equipment from the Museum’s discontinued Division of Roentgenology. Economies in the costs of electric lighting for the building were effected by continuance of the measures initiated several years ago under the “peak load contract” whereby favorable rates are obtained by complying with certain restrictions. JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 315 The working forces under the supervision of the Superintendent of Maintenance and the Chief Engineer, with their customary activ- ity, kept the Museum building and its appurtenances in proper order. Various improvements were, as usual, undertaken, of which some of the more important are noted below: In Hall 21 (systematic collection of birds) all cases were opened, the screens upon which exhibits are mounted were removed for reinstal- lations, labeling and cleaning, and then replaced. With the exception of large groups, all cases in Hall H (ethnology of the Philippines) were removed to Room 38 (workshop of the Department of Anthro- pology) on the third floor for reinstallation, and afterwards replaced in the hall. Twelve cases in Clarence Buckingham Hall (Hall 35) and Frederick J. V. Skiff Hall (Hall 37) of the Department of Geology were opened for cleaning and relabeling. The hippopotamus and white rhinoceros were removed from Hall 15 (systematic collection of mammals) where they had been displayed on open bases, to Carl E. Akeley Memorial Hall (Hall 22) for reinstallation with habitat group type of groundwork in glass-enclosed cases—a move which will greatly improve the appearance of these exhibits. The bison exhibit in George M. Pullman Hall (Hall 13) was reinstalled in a larger case. An exhibition case was prepared and lighting installed for the new group of gelada baboons added to Akeley Hall. All lighting fixtures in exhibition halls were cleaned. Ten exhibi- tion cases in Hall 20 were wired for lighting projected new habitat groups of foreign birds, and lights were installed on two wall cases in Hall 21. On account of the needs of the many extra workers assigned to all Departments by the Illinois Emergency Relief Commission and the federal Works Progress Administration, fifty new electric lights and six new glue pot outlets were installed in third floor work- FRoms Wiring in the studio of the Division of Photography was changed. In Rooms 54 and 52 (office of the Curator, and Library, of the Department of Anthropology) electrical switches were moved, and two fixtures and a base plug were installed. Similar electrical changes were made in Room 102 (preparators’ room, Division of Paleontology). Seventy-five rooms on the third floor, nine corridors, and ten stairwells were washed and painted. The children’s lunch room was washed and starched. Among Mportant painting tasks were the corridor leading to the cafeteria, the President’s anteroom, and the Director’s office and reception 316 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X room. The President’s office was washed. The balcony in which Hall 32 is located was washed and starched. Tables, desks and chairs were distributed through the workrooms and offices of all Departments to provide for the relief workers, and five gas stoves needed in the work of some of them were connected. An exhaust fan was installed in Room 17 of the Plant Repro- duction Laboratories. Twenty-four cabinets in the Herbarium were moved to make room for new ones. A new pipe rack for lumber was erected in Room 38 (workshop of the Department of Anthropology). Gas, water, drain and electric pipes were torn from the walls of Room 56, assigned as studio to the Staff Artist. The Department of Zoology’s bone cleaning room on the ground floor was overhauled and painted, and there were installed in it a slate tank and a gas stove. | In the Division of Maintenance there were built, remodeled or repaired such exhibition cases, bases for exhibits, and other acces- sories of that type as were required for the various installations of new exhibits and for reinstallations which are detailed elsewhere in this Report under the Departments in which they occurred. All told, this work accounted for a large part of the time of the main- tenance force. A major task was the construction of ten built-in exhibition cases in the northwest quarter of Hall 20 for proposed new habitat groups of foreign birds. The plan on which these were constructed represents an innovation in that instead of the cases running in a straight line as in other halls of habitat groups, the facade is broken by taking the fronts of certain cases in on an angle so as to form recesses in each of which occur two other cases of lesser depth. By this means it is possible to accommodate more groups in the same amount of space, and increase the attractiveness of the hall. It is believed further that it will facilitate the movements of visitors at times when there are unusual crowds. | Extensive alterations, rearrangements, and additions of equip- ment were made on the third floor to increase the utility of the Library, and of offices, laboratories and workshops of the various de- partmental staffs, and to provide suitable accommodations for the Illinois Emergency Relief Commission and Works Progress Adminis- tration workers. The suite of offices assigned to the Curator of the Department of Anthropology and the library of the Department were rearranged, the work among other things involving the cutting RE ] E PLANTATION IN MINIATU 4 A COFFE Hall 25 Sao Paulo, Brazil THE LIBRARY OF WHE: yanyenshiy OF ILLINOIS JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Sly of a new three-foot doorway, complete repainting of walls and ceilings, and varnishing of floors, etc. To make additional room for the general Library involved extensive revisions of five rooms—Nos. 111, 113, 113-A, 113-B, and 120. Room 113-A is a new room, created by building a tile wall across the center of the chemical laboratory of the Department of Geology. This condenses the laboratory to one-half its former floor area without losing any space which could be used efficiently. These, and various other changes and improvements on the third floor, required a great amount of work such as building of many hundreds of feet of shelving, rebuilding of bookcases, transfers of storage cases and racks from one room to another, in- stallation of new steel storage cabinets, provision of work tables, construction and installation of new ventilating hoods over special apparatus such as that in the chemical laboratory, installation of new plumbing, etc. In the photogravure studio a new metal tank was built for washing large photogravure plates. In Room 101, paleontological workshop, new double doors were provided to facili- tate the passage of large mounted skeletons of fossil animals. As for several years past, window repairs throughout the building formed an important item of maintenance work. The two large windows over the main stairways east and west of the north entrance had a general overhauling which included installation of new sills, repairing of jambs and cracked marble work, caulking of frames, resetting of glass, placing of new stools and aprons on the inside, and resetting of insulating panels and moldings. On the second floor 142 windows received attention such as reset- ting of glass, repairing or replacement of sills, frames, sashes, etc., and painting of frames. Hinged ventilating sashes were installed inafew. On the third floor 162 windows received similar treatment, and a few on the fourth floor also received repairs. In the boiler room the painting of all ceilings, walls, pipes, boilers ‘and pumps was completed. Curtain walls were installed at the coal ‘conveyor to keep out dust, and coal chutes were rewired to reduce consumption of electric current. Four new steel hopper fronts were installed, and thirty steel coal buckets were made. The wooden ladders to the coal pits were replaced with iron ones. Hot air siphons were installed on two boilers to improve combustion. The hot water circulating pump was repaired, as was the eight-inch check-valve in the fire line. A new wall was built between two of the boilers, and all brick work in boiler settings was carefully inspected and patched. 318 FreLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X Under its contract with the John G. Shedd Aquarium, the Mu- seum continued to furnish from its plant steam needed by the aqua- rium during the months when heat was required. A total of 12,159,985 pounds of steam was delivered to the aquarium. In the following pages will be found detailed reports on the year’s — activities in each of the Departments and Divisions of the Museum: © DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY EXPEDITIONS AND RESEARCH | During the year 1935 no expeditions were sent out from the | Department of Anthropology. Acting Curator Paul 8. Martin completed a manuscript on the | archaeology of Lowry Pueblo, Colorado. The material for this work was obtained during the course of four summers’ excavations— | 1930, 1931, 1933, and 1934—by the Field Museum Archaeological _ Expedition to the Southwest, which was financed from the income of a fund provided by the late Julius and Augusta N. Rosenwald, | and was led by Dr. Martin. This publication is a comprehensive — report on the archaeology of a large pueblo site, and includes a | detailed study of the masonry of Lowry Pueblo by Mr. Lawrence | Roys, a structural engineer of Moline, Illinois, and a complete analysis of the skeletal material by Dr. Gerhardt von Bonin, Assistant — Professor of Anatomy at the University of Illinois. This study may - be available in published form early in 19386. ; In December the Museum issued Arabs of Central Irag—Their | History, Ethnology and Physical Characters, a quarto-size book in the Anthropology Memoirs Series, written jointly by Assistant Curator Henry Field, Sir Arthur Keith, noted British anthropologist, — and Professor Stephen A. Langdon, of Oxford University, who was | Director of the Field Museum—Oxford University Joint Expedition to Mesopotamia (1922-32). Assistant Curator Field has been engaged further in preparing a © report giving the results of the 1934 Field Museum Anthropological . Expedition to the Near East. This expedition continued the somato- | logical researches on the peoples of the Near East, commenced by Mr. Field in 1925. The report will probably be ready for pre some time late in 1936. Mr. Field also had under way for future publication several | ethnological reports on the Arabs. JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 319 . Assistant Curator Wilfrid D. Hambly’s report on Culture Areas of Nigeria, which covers the last part of the work done on the Frederick H. Rawson—Field Museum Expedition to Africa (1929-30), was published in June. He also prepared for publication a leaflet on Australia entitled Primitive Hunters of Australia, which may be expected off the press early in the coming year. Mr. Hambly like- wise finished a report on the Maya skeletal material recovered from graves by former Assistant Curator J. Eric Thompson, who con- ducted the 1934 Field Museum—Carnegie Institution Joint Archaeo- logical Expedition to San José, British Honduras. This somatological report will be published in one of the Contributions to American Archaeology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, D.C. In addition, Mr. Hambly has been engaged in making a series of measurements on human skulls collected by Assistant Curator Albert B. Lewis as leader of the Joseph N. Field South Pacific Expedition (1909-18). Mr. Richard A. Martin, formerly Field Director of the Syrian Expedition of the Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, has been temporarily added to the staff of the Department. He was assigned the task of cataloguing, classifying, and installing the archaeological material recovered at Kish during the twelve seasons of operations conducted by the Field Museum—Oxford University Joint Expedition to Mesopotamia (1922-32). Mr. Martin at the close of the year was engaged in setting up a very beautiful arched gateway of stucco from Kish. It is typical of the architecture of the Sasanian period (about A.D. 350). During the year a portion of the valuable collection of archaeo- logical material secured by Dr. A. L. Kroeber, Research Associate in American Archaeology and leader of the Marshall Field Expedition to Peru (1925-26), was shipped to him for study. Dr. Kroeber proposes to use this material in writing Part III of Volume II, in the Anthropology Memoirs Series of the Museum, the title of which is _ Archaeological Explorations in Peru. By means of a fund of $500 generously contributed to the Museum by the American Friends of China, Chicago, it has been possible to have catalogued most of the books written in Chinese which the late Dr. Berthold Laufer, former Curator, bequeathed to this insti- tution. This work has been competently done by Mr. Kenji Toda of the University of Chicago, who has catalogued about 7,000 volumes. Professor F. E. Wood, of Chicago, has voluntarily devoted most of the year to cataloguing the remainder of Dr. Laufer’s library, 320 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X which consists of books written in Tibetan, Manchu, Mongolian, and Korean. About 200 books have been classified and properly shelved. Many more remain to be catalogued. A great portion of the time of the staff of the Department has been devoted to correspondents, and to scholars, students, and other visitors calling for information. Six signed and thirty-five unsigned articles and brief items were contributed by the staff of the Department to Field Museum News. The staff also supplied data used in twenty-one newspaper articles during the year. ACCESSIONS—ANTHROPOLOGY Accessions received and recorded during the year amount to twenty-two, of which seventeen are gifts, and five were obtained by exchange. The total number of objects received in these acces- sions is 719. A very rare and beautiful Chinese mortuary clay figure of a dancing girl of the Tang period was presented to the Museum by an anonymous donor in memory of the late Dr. Laufer. Two gifts came from the Union of Soviet Socialistic Republics: one, from the State Museum of Anthropology, Moscow, consisting of two skulls; and the other, from the Institute for History of Material Cultures, Ukraine Academy of Sciences, Kiev, being a collection of 181 rare paleolithic implements of Russia. An interesting collection of seventy-five Arabian ethnological objects, and six basalt blocks bearing Safaitic inscriptions, were presented to the Museum by Mr. Henry Field. The American Institute for Persian Art and Archaeology, of New York, contributed one pottery jar, six pottery figurines, and one pottery head. These specimens date from the Sasanian period at Kish, Irag, and were obtained by the Holmes Expedition to Kish, sent out in 1932-38 by the Institute jointly with Oxford University. With the receipt of a bronze head of a Beduin, the work of Miss Malvina Hoffman, the Races of Mankind series of sculptures in Chauncey Keep Memorial Hall (Hall 3) was completed. Dr. E. E. Burr, of the University of Chicago, presented two colored anatomical models of a human head. These models were cast so as to show a partial dissection of the musculature, nerves, and arteries. Two basaltic blocks bearing Safaitic inscriptions were given to the Museum by Dr. E. W. K. Anderson, of Houston, Texas. JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 321 To Abbé Henri Breuil and Pére de Chardin, of Paris, France, the Museum is indebted for a gift of 282 stone implements from near Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. CATALOGUING, INVENTORYING, AND LABELING—-ANTHROPOLOGY Of the twenty-two accessions received during the year, seventeen have been entered. Nine accessions of previous years have also been entered. Cataloguing has been continued, the number of catalogue cards prepared during the year totaling 891, of which 585 have been entered. The total number of catalogue cards entered from the opening of the first volume is 211,992. The catalogue cards for the current year were distributed as follows: archaeology and ethnology of North America, 106; archaeo- logy and ethnology of South America, 96; ethnology of Europe and Great Britain, 11; ethnology of Asia, 133; ethnology of China, 2; ethnology of Africa, 33; archaeology and ethnology of Near East (Kish), 486; physical anthropology, 74. A total of 6,262 labels for use in exhibition cases was supplied by the Division of Printing. These labels are distributed as follows: Indians of the Woodland Area, 2; Mexico and Central America, 221; South America, 908; Alaska, 17; China, 1; Tibet, 723; Malay Archi- pelago, 68; Philippine Islands, 4,321; Stanley Field Hall, 1. The Division of Printing also supplied 182 captions for photographs and 2,510 catalogue cards. The number of additional photographs mounted in the depart- mental albums is 516. To the label file 1,451 cards were added. Much valuable clerical and repair work has been done by workers assigned to the Museum by the Illinois Emergency Relief Com- mission. This force of assistants, varying in number from four to six, worked six hours per day five days a week during the larger part of the period from January 2 to September 14. During this time 307 Peruvian textiles were repaired and mounted; 5,260 photo- graphs were mounted on cards; and 2,303 captions, and 451 pages of notes and manuscript, were typed. From October 16 to December 31, the state relief workers were replaced by a force of ten assistants assigned to the Department by the Works Progress Administration of the federal government. During this period 475 pieces of Sasanian stucco-work from Kish were cleaned; 28 pieces of Sasanian stucco were mended and restored; 400 pieces of pottery were washed; 250 bones were washed and num- 322 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X bered; 169 pieces of pottery were numbered; 300 sheets of manu- script were typed; 130 sheets of manuscript were proofread; 392 captions for photographs were typed; 725 captions were pasted on photographs; 5,900 photographs were mounted; 473 negatives were numbered; and 150 pieces of pottery were catalogued. INSTALLATIONS AND REARRANGEMENTS—ANTHROPOLOGY Installation of new collections and modernization of older exhibits has continued throughout the year. Most of the old-style black labels have now been replaced by shorter, more interesting statements printed in black type on buff cards, thus improving legibility. Fifty-nine cases have been relabeled in this manner. The reorganization of Halls 8 and 9, devoted to Mexico, Central America, and South America, was completed under the direction of Assistant Curator Thompson. In Hall 8 were installed a case of Maya stone sculptures and two cases of pottery recovered from the San José ruin in British Honduras by the 1934 Field Museum— Carnegie Institution Joint Expedition, of which Mr. Thompson was leader. In Hall 9, new archaeological material from Brazil, the West Indies, Argentina, Colombia, and Peru was placed on exhibition. A special case showing a reproduction of two graves such as were constructed at Ancon, Peru, was installed (see Plate XXVII), and an unwrapped “mummy” pack displaying a desiccated body, was added to the hall. A miniature model of the Temple of Quetzalcoatl, Mexico, was repaired by Works Progress Administration workers under the supervision of Acting Curator Martin, and placed in Hall 8. This model was acquired during 1934 in an exchange with the Mex- ican National Museum of Archaeology, History and Ethnography. An interesting new exhibit in Hall 9 is a quipu or accounting device used by the Incas of Peru in computation (see Plate XXVIII). It consists of a long and fairly thick cord from which dangle groups of subsidiary cords on which are knots of two kinds—overhand and Flemish. These served as numerals in reckonings. Quipus, which are now quite rare, were used for such purposes as recording tribute payments, tallying herds of llamas, and computing vital and military statistics. The Museum’s specimen was unexpectedly discovered in a stored archaeological collection purchased for the Museum some years ago by Messrs. Stanley Field, Henry J. Patten, and Charles B. Pike. The reinstallation of Tibetan material in Hall 32 was completed. Assistant Curator Thompson installed cases containing the following JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 323 objects: a sacred apron worn by lamas and made up of forty-one carved pieces of human thigh bones (see Plate X XVI); shadow- play figures; masks. Acting Curator Martin supervised the installation of a coracle or boat made of skins. This boat was used several times by the late Dr. Laufer while traveling in Tibet as leader of the Blackstone Expedition to China (1908-10). Also in Hall 32 was installed a large “calendar screen” from China which had been in storage for some years. This screen, about fifteen feet long and six feet high, is divided into twelve panels with floral decorations corresponding to plants and flowers which would bloom in the month which each represents. The designs are formed with the bright-colored plumage of kingfishers, and the screen is an object of exceptional beauty and delicate craftsmanship. It was obtained by one of Dr. Laufer’s expeditions. Under the joint supervision of Director Stephen C. Simms and Assistant Curator Albert B. Lewis, the reinstallation of forty cases in Hall H (Ethnology of the Philippine Islands) was completed in less than a year. This was an unusually difficult task, for much material which had never before been exhibited had first to be sorted and classified. It is now possible for visitors to secure a compre- hensive idea of the everyday life of all the important tribes of the Philippines. Plans for Hall K have been perfected. In the east third of the hall will be exhibited the archaeological material from Kish; in the remainder of the hall will be shown ethnological material from India, the Andaman Islands, Korea, and Siberia. Work on remodeling the hall has already been begun, and actual installation will be commenced early in 1936. DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY EXPEDITIONS AND RESEARCH The Department of Botany conducted no collecting expeditions during 1935. Assistant Curator J. Francis Macbride continued his work, described in the Reports of 1929 to 1934 inclusive, of photo- graphing type specimens of tropical American plants preserved in European herbaria. This project was initiated in 1929 partly with the assistance of funds furnished for several years by the Rockefeller Foundation. Mr. Macbride’s work during 1935 was continued in the DeCan- dolle and Delessert herbaria of the Conservatory and Botanical Garden of Geneva. There he received the most cordial support 324 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X of the Director, Dr. B. P. Georges Hochreutiner, who always has extended every possible facility for the execution of the photographie work. The summer of 1985 was spent by Mr. Macbride at the Natural History Museum of Vienna, where, through the courtesies extended by Dr. Hermann Michel, Director of the Museum, and by Dr. Karl Keissler, Director of the Botanical Section, he was enabled to photograph type specimens and study South American material. The herbarium at Vienna possesses the original collections of Poeppig from eastern Peru, and the classic Jacquin collections from the northwestern coast of South America, both of great importance to students of the South American flora. The autumn and winter were spent by Mr. Macbride at the Botanic Garden of Madrid, where he was received most courteously by the Director, Dr. Antonio Garcia Varela, and given every assist- ance in his studies of the classic South American collections preserved there. The herbarium at Madrid contains the earliest large plant collections from South America, gathered by explorers dispatched by the Spanish government a century and a half ago to explore the natural resources of the nation’s colonies. Of particular import- ance are the large collections made by Ruiz and Pavon, the first botanists to investigate the vegetation of Peru. The great value of the photographs of type specimens becomes increasingly apparent as continued use is made of them. For monographie or other work with tropical American plants these photographs are invaluable, as is evident to all who have had the privilege of using them. The photographs obtained to date illustrate about 28,000 species, and are estimated to include about one-half of those otherwise available only in Europe. With the extensive series of herbarium specimens from various sources already available in the Herbarium of Field Museum, they give this institution what is, with scarcely any doubt, the most complete representation of the species of plants of tropical America that is to be found today in any American herbarium. Prints from the type photographs already on hand are made available by the Museum to botanists generally at the cost of production. During the past year 2,231 such prints were purchased by American institutions, and others were exchanged for similar type photographs. Dr. Charles Baehni, of the Botanic Garden of Geneva, who came to Chicago in August, 1984, returned to Geneva at the end of September, 19385. As the result of a cooperative arrangement between the two institutions concerned, his time was spent in study Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. X, Plate XXX REPRODUCTION OF A TEA BUSH Hall 25 In flower and fruit. From Southern China JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 825 at Field Museum, enabling the Museum to make some return for the many courtesies extended by Dr. Hochreutiner at Geneva to facilitate the work done there by Assistant Curator Macbride. Besides making a monographic study of the Sapotaceae, Dr. Baehni assembled duplicate and other material as well as photographs of type specimens of plants, to be transmitted to the Botanic Garden of Geneva in partial return for the valuable duplicates already received from there by Field Museum, and it is believed that Dr. Baehni’s visit will be of mutual advantage to the herbaria thus brought into closer relations. The Herbarium has been used constantly during the year by the staff of the Department of Botany, and it has been consulted also by a large number of visiting botanists from various parts of the United States and other countries. It has been consulted most frequently by botanists of the numerous large universities that exist in or within a few hundred miles of Chicago, since it is the largest herbarium for many hundreds of miles in almost every direction. The care of the collections and the determination of the extensive series of plants submitted for study have fully occupied the time of the Herbarium staff throughout the year. Through the employ- ment of a large number of workers supplied by the Illinois Emergency Relief Commission and the federal Works Progress Administration, it has been possible to perform an exceptional amount of work, the direction of which has made heavy demands upon the regular staff of the Department. There have been mounted and added to the Herbarium, during about half of the year when such labor was available, more than 61,000 sheets of specimens, a remarkably high number for any herbarium, and slightly more than were mounted during 1934, when extra labor was available for a longer time. At the end of 1935 all current collections had been mounted, and there remained only a small quantity of old ones, which it should be possible to finish during the coming year. Much of the material mounted had been in storage for ten years or more, and its present availability for study greatly increases the value of the Museum collections. A large private herbarium, purchased many years ago and now almost completely mounted, gives the Herbarium of Field Museum a fine series of the critical species of the flora of southern and middle Europe, which will be highly useful for study of the plant immigrants of the United States. 326 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X There were submitted to the Herbarium for study and determina- tion 184 lots of plants, containing more than 9,000 specimens. Of these, 58 lots, comprising 5,059 specimens, were named and returned to the senders, while 126 lots, amounting to 3,948 specimens, were retained by the Museum. In addition, there were determined, but not preserved for the collections, many plants from the Chicago region and elsewhere that were brought to the Museum by visitors, teachers, and students, or forwarded by mail. Also there were answered by mail and telephone hundreds of inquiries for the most diverse information upon botanical subjects. During the year Associate Curator Paul C. Standley published twelve papers based directly or indirectly upon the Herbarium collections. Several of these, dealing with American trees, appeared in Tropical Woods. To the same periodical Assistant Curator Llewelyn Williams contributed A Study of the Caryocaraceae, a small group of trees and shrubs of tropical America. The most important of Associate Curator Standley’s papers, entitled New Plants from the Yucatan Peninsula, appeared in Publication 461 of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, D.C. Mr. Standley revised the manuscript of the Flora of British Honduras, prepared several years ago in joint authorship with Professor Samuel J. Record, of Yale University (Research Associate in Wood Technology for the Museum). This is to be published early in 1936 by the Museum. He also began work upon a flora of Costa Rica, at the request of the Director of the Museo Nacional of Costa Rica. During the year about two-thirds of the manuscript was prepared for this work, which is to be published by the Costa Rican government. Members of the Department staff prepared for Tropical Woods many abstracts and reviews of current literature relating to tropical trees and shrubs, and contributed numerous signed articles and other items to Field Museum News, as well as data for many newspaper articles. During September Assistant Curator Williams attended the meetings of the International Association of Wood Anatomists held in Amsterdam, Holland, in conjunction with the Sixth Botanical Congress. ACCESSIONS—BOTANY During 1935 the Department of Botany was the recipient of 241 accessions, comprising 25,138 specimens. The number of accessions was somewhat larger than in the preceding year, but the number of specimens was smaller, although probably not inferior in value JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR oot to those received in 1934. The accessions consisted of specimens for the Herbarium, for the exhibits, and for the wood and economic collections. Of the total number 6,225 were gifts, 11,315 were received in exchanges, 28 were obtained by Museum expeditions, 1,846 were purchased, and the remainder were acquired from miscellaneous sources. Of the Department’s total receipts of specimens, those for the Herbarium amounted to 25,035 items—plant specimens and photo- graphs. Much material of outstanding value has been received, as usual, through exchange. Deserving of special mention is a collection of 2,110 specimens, from the Conservatory and Botanical Garden, Geneva, Switzerland, through the Director, Dr. B. P. Georges Hochreutiner. This consisted chiefly of Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae from tropical America, and included a major pro- portion of type or otherwise historically important material, as well as type material from Asia and Africa. A sending from the Riks- museet of Stockholm, through Dr. Gunnar Samuelsson, consisted of 490 plants, principally from Brazil, Haiti and the Dominican Re- public. From the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, through the Director, Sir Arthur W. Hill, were received 305 plants of Mexico and Colombia. The New York Botanical Garden, through the Director, Dr. E. D. Merrill, transmitted sendings of great prac- tical value, amounting to 2,953 sheets, largely from eastern Asia. Among the more important gifts of herbarium specimens received during 1985 may be mentioned the following: 216 specimens from Illinois and adjacent states, from Mr. Hermann C. Benke, Chicago; the private herbarium of the late Carl Buhl, Jr., of Chicago, amount- ing to 897 mounted sheets, chiefly from Illinois and Indiana, pre- sented by his estate; 300 specimens of Bolivian plants, collected by Dr. Martin Cardenas, of Potosi; 153 plants of the western United States, collected by Professor G. Eifrig, River Forest, Illinois; 115 Colombian plants from Rev. Brother Elias, of Barranquilla; 250 specimens of Iraq plants, presented by Mr. Henry Field, Chicago; 52 specimens of Yucatan plants, accompanied by copious notes and often by wood specimens, from Dr. Roman Sabas Flores, of Pro- -greso; 266 specimens of Michigan plants from Professor F. J. Her- ‘mann, Ann Arbor, Michigan; 102 specimens of Iraq plants from the Iraq Petroleum Company, Ltd., Haifa, Palestine; 575 specimens of Iraq plants from Mr. Yusuf Lazar, Bagdad; 657 plants, chiefly of North and South Carolina, from Mr. Donald C. Peattie, Chicago; 185 plant specimens, mostly Hawaiian, from Dr. Earl E. Sherff, 328 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X Chicago; 316 Costa Rican plants from Professor Manuel Valerio, San José; and 543 plants, principally trees and shrubs from tropical America, presented by the School of Forestry of Yale University, through Professor Samuel J. Record. From the 8. C. Johnson Brazil Carnauba Expedition there were received, as a gift, 376 herbarium specimens collected in the states of Ceara and Piauhy; a quantity of large palm and economic mate- rial, still uncatalogued, from the same states and also from Bahia; and selected specimens preserved in formalin for use in the prepara- tion of botanical exhibits. Dr. Esmerino Gomes Parente of the Directoria de Plantas Texteis, Fortaleza, Ceara, contributed a small but choice collection consisting of thirty-two specimens of fiber-yielding plants of north- | eastern Brazil, including the various kinds of cotton in cultivation there. As usual, some of the most valuable contributions of herbarium material have been acquired in return for the determination of the specimens. There may be mentioned particularly 500 plants from Sonora, Mexico, presented by their collector, Mr. Howard Scott Gentry, of Westmoreland, California. The University of Michigan forwarded, in continuation of similar sendings of previous years, 464 plants from the Yucatan Peninsula, chiefly from British Honduras. Besides the accessions specifically mentioned, the Museum re- ceived much other valuable material from almost all regions of the earth, and particularly from tropical America. Details of these will be found in the List of Accessions for the year (p. 376). As in other recent years, purchases of herbarium material were extremely limited, but there were obtained in this manner 966 specimens from Amazonian Brazil, 80 from Venezuela, and 300 from eastern Peru. From the previously mentioned negatives of type specimens of tropical American plants made in European herbaria by Assistant Curator Macbride, there wére added to the Herbarium several thousand prints, the majority of which represent species not previ- ously available. Prints of all the series of type negatives received have now been inserted in the Herbarium. The exhibits and study collections of economic material and woods were augmented by ninety-five items, in the form of gifts i JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 329 or exchanges, from individuals and scientific institutions as noted in the List of Accessions. The Armstrong Cork Company, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, furnished specimens of cork bark and products made therefrom to replace some of the cork material on exhibition in Hall 28, and “several acorn-bearing branches of cork oak (Quercus suber) were obtained from the Oroville (California) Station of the United States Department of Agriculture. Mr. B. A. Krukoff, New York, con- tributed seeds and fruits of palms and trees collected by him during 1929 in the lower Amazon Valley. For exhibition in the series of domestic woods in Charles F. Millspaugh Hall (Hall 26) there were received a plank of tamarack from the Wisconsin Land and Lumber Company, Hermansville, Michigan; two boards of sycamore from the Eastman-Gardiner Hardwood Lumber Company, Laurel, Mississippi; wheel and log sections of Idaho white pine from the Potlatch Forests, Inc., of Potlatch, Idaho; and range maps of several exhibited Pacific Coast woods from Professor Emanuel Fritz, University of California, at Berkeley, who has for years been an important contributor to this exhibit. From the Resources Corporation International, Chicago, through the courtesy of its president, Mr. Bruce L. Hoover, there were received twenty-one planks representative of the more important hardwoods growing in the State of Chiapas, Mexico, and now im- ported in commercial quantities into the United States. When installed these will form a distinct addition to the exhibit of foreign woods in Hall 27. Various specimens of tropical American woods for study purposes were received from Yale University School of Forestry, through the continued cooperation of Professor Samuel J. Record, and from Dr. Roman Sabas Flores, Progreso, Yucatan. Mr. Helmuth Bay, Research Associate in Forestry, Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago, presented fifteen hand specimens of commercial woods of Norway. Other gifts deserving special mention were a specimen of blue poplar from Mr. O. G. Moore, Brownsboro, Alabama; photographs and a zinc cut of a Kentucky coffee tree growing at Palatine, Illinois, from Mr. Hermann C. Benke, of Chicago; and pine wood showing ‘injury caused by a bullet, contributed by Mr. W. A. Summerhays, of Memphis, Tennessee. . 330 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X As in the previous year, Mr. William E. Bletsch, of Highland Park, Illinois, arranged for the cutting of numerous hand specimens of North American woods for exchange. Mr. Bletsch, who was an Associate Member of the Museum, unfortunately died during 1935. During 1935 the permanent study collections of the Herbarium have been increased by 61,411 sheets of plants and photographs, besides several thousand sheets bearing original printed descriptions of new species, or other material useful for study purposes. The total number of mounted specimens now in the Herbarium is 796,648. During the year there were removed from the Herbarium 600 duplicate sheets. CATALOGUING, INVENTORYING, AND LABELING—BOTANY The Department distributed through exchanges 15,509 her- barium specimens and photographs to forty-five institutions and individuals in North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. Thirty-six lots of plants were lent for study to various institutions and individuals, and fifty-eight lots were received on loan, for study or determination. Workers assigned to the Department by the Illinois Emergency Relief Commission and the federal Works Progress Administration assisted in the reorganization and orderly storage of refereuce material, and did many and various tasks of typing. Approximately 8,000 index cards were typed for the study collection of woods, and more than 133,000 were written in long hand for other card files, including a large number for exchange purposes in the relations established with herbaria in Geneva and Vienna. In addition to labels for new exhibits installed during the year, the Division of Printing furnished a large number of buff labels to replace the remaining black ones on older exhibits. INSTALLATIONS AND REARRANGEMENTS—BOTANY Some important additions were made during the year to the exhibits of the Department of Botany. The most notable of these are the first two paintings in a series of murals illustrating interesting and remarkable plant forms from many parts of the world. These murals, while intended principally to picture plants of large size of which otherwise only small parts could find place within the physical limits of a museum exhibit, will also serve to represent a wide variety of plant formations, if not a complete ecological series. They bring into the exhibition halls outdoor scenes, indica- — JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Sal tive of the native habitat of many of the plants represented in the botanical exhibits. From photographs and other data gathered by the Department of Botany, the Museum’s Staff Artist, Mr. Charles A. Corwin, has prepared preliminary sketches for fifteen paintings to fill the spaces available above the exhibition cases on the west wall of the Hall of Plant Life (Hall 29). All of the murals are to be eight by ten feet in dimensions. The two which were completed during 1935 may now be seen in the hall. They represent giant cacti of northern Mexico, and the baobab or monkeybread tree of central Africa. The third and fourth murals, which were well under way at the end of the year, show cucumber and passion-flower trees of the island of Socotra, and a dragon’s blood tree of the Canary Islands. The fifth will be the Araucaria of the Chilean Andes. The sequence on the wall is not as here indicated, but will follow as far as possible the systematic order of the exhibits in the hall. The execution of the paintings is as creditable to the artist as are his many other contributions to the exhibits in other Departments of the Museum, and it is evident that not the least valuable feature of this series of murals will be its decorative aspect. Another new exhibit which constitutes an innovation in the Department of Botany, and a step in the same general direction as the murals in providing an outdoor scene and synthesis, is a diorama showing on a small scale a modern Brazilian coffee plan- tation. This exhibit illustrates the most up-to-date methods of handling the crop. In the foreground is shown a field used for drying and fermenting the coffee, with its various features such as the conduit which conveys the coffee from the hulling machines. Behind the warehouses and other buildings, there stretches off in the background an expanse filled with rows of coffee plants (see Plate X XIX). This diorama has been placed with the exhibit of food plants in Hall 25 in proximity to collections of coffee and tea samples illustrating many types and grades. Provision has been made for a second diorama to show a tea plantation in Ceylon, which at the present writing is on the way to completion. Both of these dioramas are the work of Preparator John R. Millar. During 19385, in conjunction with these exhibits there was completed and installed, in a separate floor case, a natural size reproduction of a tea bush in fruit and flower (see Plate XXX). With thousands of leaves, and hundreds of buds, open flowers and ‘ruits, this celluloid reproduction of an entire bush has been an 332 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X ambitious undertaking requiring much time and labor on the part of Preparators Emil Sella and Milton Copulos, together with various assistants drawn chiefly from the Illinois Emergency Relief and federal Works Progress Administration workers assigned to the Museum. A branch of a tropical mistletoe with showy red flowers, collected on the Tapajoz River by the Marshall Field Botanical Expedition to the Amazon, has been added to the mistletoes in the Hall of Plant Life. A reproduction of a small fruiting branch of loquat or Japanese plum was also made during the year from material and sketches secured in the field several years ago, and now serves to augment the display of fruits of the rose family. With the aid of selected workers sent by the Illinois Emergency Relief Commission and the Works Progress Administration, a large amount of work was done during the year toward the preparation of other botanical exhibits. These, however, have not yet reached a stage of advancement warranting their inclusion in the present Report. Four new installations were made among the exhibits of North American trees in Charles F. Millspaugh Hall (Hall 26). Those added during the year were paper birch, material for which was presented a few years ago by the Berst-Forster-Dixfield Company, of Cloquet, Minnesota; holly, contributed in part by the Craftsman Wood Service Company, Inc., Chicago; and dogwood, the gift of Mr. Charles H. Barnaby, of Greencastle, Indiana. Another exhibit completed was that of tamarack, for which a trunk section was given by the Von Platen-Fox Company, of Iron Mountain, Michigan, and planks by the Wisconsin Land and Lumber Company, of Hermansville, Michigan. Photographs of trees and branches were added to several other exhibits to complete the installations. Five species of commercially important timbers of North America are still lacking in this hall. Material of two of these is on hand, but three woods from the west coast remain to be secured. To reduce the too extensive display of Japanese woods in Hall 27, consisting of legacies from several expositions, duplication has been eliminated as far as possible, sometimes reducing the contents of a whole case by one-half. An instance is the recently reinstalled half-case of three woods of young coniferous trees, each represented by a number of cross-sections of the stem, cut at regular intervals from summit to base, and arranged to show the growth during successive periods of approximately ten years each. The wood NO ‘OD 1d 4q posedoig LZET ‘SUOTpedxg woSojozuogeg pled eysseyW eya Aq Buljuesiy [eiqyUeD Jo uoTeUOg eduleg 94} UT pezoe][oo uowtoedg (86 Il®H) eH weyesy “Yy weUI ununoiusup wndaynbayy ‘ALOTS TISSOd LVAUD GHL 40 NOLATAMS JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 333 shows distinct layers or rings, each equivalent to one year’s growth, and the well-known fact that the age of a tree may thus be told by the number of its rings is well illustrated by this Japanese exhibit. In Hall 28, the exhibit of vegetable waxes was rearranged to include a small collection of rare waxes presented in 1934 by S. C. Johnson and Son, Inc., of Racine, Wisconsin. The display of fermented and distilled beverages in Hall 25 received some attention, reproductions of fruits, pears, cashew, and a cluster of grapes modeled from nature, being added to illustrate the source of the corresponding beverages. DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY EXPEDITIONS AND RESEARCH The Department of Geology conducted no expeditions during 1935. However, the Department received, as a result of the Field Museum Anthropological Expedition to the Near East which finished its work late in the preceding year, a large collection of sands, surface rocks, and fossils from the deserts of Iraq and neigh- boring countries, gathered by Assistant Curator Henry Field (Department of Anthropology), leader of the expedition. This supplements and adds to the importance of a similar collection made by the Marshall Field North Arabian Desert Expedition of 1927-28. The chemical laboratory was closed for alterations during the first four months of the year and consequently less chemical work than usual was accomplished. This was partly compensated for by an increase in mineral identification by optical and crystallo- graphic methods. The still, which was installed in the laboratory in 1934 for purifying old and discolored alcohol, was kept in opera- tion through all but six weeks of the year. More than 1,100 gallons of old alcohol were redistilled for the Divisions of Fishes and Reptiles of the Department of Zoology, and approximately 850 gallons were thus recovered for further use. For the Department of Anthropology, eighteen coins from ancient Kish, and four prehistoric copper bells from Arizona, were restored by the Fink electrolytic process. The heating values of three coals were determined for the Museum’s chief engineer by calorimeter tests. Porosity tests on two stone meteorites were made as part of a research project on meteorites. The percentage of ash in pifion 304 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X wood, and the volume of soft wood ashes, were determined for the Department of Anthropology, to assist research in connection with an ash-filled room of the Lowry ruin excavated in Colorado by the Field Museum Archaeological Expedition to the Southwest in previous years. There were, as usual, the numerous daily quick qualitative tests needed for mineral determinations. Dr. Alfred Walcott, working in the Department under a special arrangement, continued his studies of diamonds in the matrix from Brazil. He also identified by optical methods many doubtful specimens of minerals uncovered during the rearrangement of the reserve collections. Studies and descriptions of fossil mammals collected by the Marshall Field Paleontological Expeditions to South America (1922- 27), and of other collections, were continued by Associate Curator Elmer S. Riggs and Assistant Curator Bryan Patterson. The results of these studies appeared in two papers in the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, one a joint paper on Casamayor notoungulates, the other a description by Mr. Patterson of the osteology and affinities of the Paleocene amblypod, Tztanozdes. In the Geological Series of Field Museum Mr. Riggs published a paper on the skeleton of Astrapotherium, and Mr. Patterson described a new species of Argyrohippus. Abstracts of three other papers by Messrs. Riggs and Patterson were presented at the winter meeting of the Geological Society of America. A bibliography of the literature on South American fossil mammals was prepared by Mr. Patterson and copied on cards. This laborious work constitutes a much needed reference index. Professor William Berryman Scott, of Princeton University, spent several weeks in the Department making a study of the Astrapotheria, a little known group of South American ungulates. The results of his studies will appear in his forthcoming monograph on this order. Dr. Albert E. Wood, formerly of Columbia University, visited the Department for a week examining the collection of fossil rodents. Assistant Curator Sharat K. Roy continued his studies in preparation of the monograph, The Geology and Paleontology of South- eastern. Baffin Land, but progress in this work was considerably checked due to additional work caused by the transference of the study collection and rearrangement of the work rooms of the Depart- — ment. A paper by Mr. Roy, entitled Description of a Silurian Phyllopod Mandible with Related Notes, was published by the | JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 335 Museum in the spring. The mandible figured and described in this paper is the only one yet recorded from the Silurian of North America. Mr. Roy completed in June a series of laboratory experiments, begun in 1933, to refute or confirm the reported discovery of living bacteria in stony meteorites by Professor Charles B. Lipman of the University of California. Four meteorites, known by the names Holbrook, Mocs, Pultusk and Forest City, were used in the investigation. The first three of these belong to the same falls as three of the five used by Professor Lipman in his final studies. The results of the experiments, published by the Museum, were negative, indicating that the living bacteria in meteorites found by Professor Lipman were contaminants. Mr. Roy also prepared a bibliography of the geologic literature on the Arctic regions. Miss Elizabeth Oliver, volunteer assistant in paleobotany, engaged in identifying and classifying Mesozoic plant material, was called away early in the year to fill a teaching position. She identified some 200 specimens, and was mainly responsible for the substantial progress which has been made in the care and use of the study collection of fossil plants. Members of the Department staff contributed nineteen signed articles and thirty shorter items to Field Musewm News, and supplied data for twenty-eight newspaper articles. There were 235 corre- spondents and 202 visitors referred to the Department during the year for information and identification of several hundred specimens. The activities of the Department were considerably increased by the employment of several workers provided by the Illinois Emergency Relief Commission and the federal Works Progress Administration. Although these men and women were not assigned to the routine work of the regular staff, they rendered valuable service to the Department. Through their assistance much clerical work, which had been set aside for lack of time, was completed. ACCESSIONS—GEOLOGY Forty-four accessions were recorded during 1935. Of these thirty-five were gifts, four were from previous expeditions and mem- bers of the Staff, and five were obtained by exchange. These accessions increased the Department collections by 1,750 specimens. The most important accessions were skeletons of vertebrate _ fossils received from the United States National Museum, Washing- ton, D.C., in exchange for a duplicate South American sloth specimen. __A skeleton of the fossil horse, Plesippus, received from this institu- 336 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. X tion, filled a gap in the Museum’s series of fossil horses. Three extra skulls included in this exchange show three stages of tooth development. These are desirable additions to the study collection. The Standard Oil Company of New Jersey presented eighteen specimens of vertebrate fossils collected by their field men in Argentina. Other additions to the vertebrate fossil collections were a fossil fish, the gift of Mr. A. H. Sullivan, of St. Louis; two shark teeth, presented by Mr. Harold Rydberg, of Sarasota, Florida; and a tooth of Uintathertwm, presented by Mr. Edwin B. Faber, of Grand Junction, Colorado. An important accession is a collection of rocks, sands and fossils of desert regions gathered by Messrs. Henry Field and Richard Martin, leader and assistant respectively of the Field Museum Anthropo- logical Expedition to the Near East, 1934. This collection includes 939 specimens of rocks and minerals, and 190 specimens of inverte- brate fossils. Since the effects of arid climates on surface rocks and soils are exceptionally well-marked in these deserts, the collection provides material of unusual excellence as a basis for research on numerous unsolved desert phenomena. The sands have been very carefully collected. When systematically studied they should aid considerably in the interpretation of the general geology of the regions of their origin. The fossils are mostly internal molds, but all, with the exception of a few, are identifiable. They are of Meso- zoic age and would be of value for stratigraphic and comparative studies. Mr. K. Ogaki, of Fu-Shun, Manchukuo, presented a cabochon cut amber from Manchukuo, the only specimen of Asiatic amber in the Museum’s collection. He also presented twenty-five fossil leaves from Manchukuo which, besides being a welcome addition to the exhibits, may provide material for research. A good specimen of iridescent agate from Oregon, placed on exhibition in H. N. Higin- botham Hall (Hall 31) was obtained by exchange with Mr. John A. Renshaw, of Arcadia, California. Three cones of living Araucaria from California were presented by Professor G. W. Graves, of Fresno, California, for comparison with fossil forms in the collection. Two fossil cones of spruce, collected and presented by Mr. Charles N. Ackerman, Chicago, an Associate Member of the Museum, are of scientific interest. Found on the shores of Grass Lake, Illinois, in strata deposited at the close of the Glacial period, they indicate JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 337 the former presence of spruce forests at least 250 miles south of their present southern limits. Mr. Stafford C. Edwards, of Colton, California, presented three specimens of the curious sand concretions found in the Salton Sink of California. Two other excellent spiral concretions from the Imperial Valley were the gift of Mr. Kenneth B. Garner of San Bernardino, California. Examples of the three principal constituents of coal—vitrain, clairain and fusain—were prepared and presented by the Illinois State Geological Survey, which also presented a specimen of novac- ulite from southern Illinois. Three specimens of other forms of silica from southern Illinois, and a large trilobite, were the gift of the Speiden Company, of Chicago. Six specimens of boron carbide presented by the Norton Com- pany, of Worcester, Massachusetts, are examples of the second hardest substance known, being exceeded in this quality only by the diamond. One of these specimens has been placed on exhibition in Frederick J. V. Skiff Hall (Hall 37). A gift, from the Philadelphia Quartz Company, of fourteen specimens of silicate of soda and the material from which it is made, has added interest to the exhibit displaying the uses of silica. The Standard Oil Company of Indiana continued its policy of replacing deteriorated specimens in the group illustrating the uses of petroleum, presenting for this purpose 320 specimens. Three specimens, one of glauconite, presented by Mr. Stanley Field, President of the Museum, and two of doucil, presented by the American Doucil Company, of Philadelphia, will form the nucleus for an exhibit of mineral water softeners, which have come into prominence in recent years. Mr. Frank von Drasek, of Cicero, Illinois, who has been for several years a generous donor, presented eleven additional speci- mens of quartz crystals illustrating the minerals of Arkansas. Specimens of four falls not hitherto represented were added to the meteorite collection by exchanging duplicate specimens with Professor H. H. Nininger, of Denver, Colorado. Nineteen specimens of Cambrian trilobites, the gift of Mr. Harold Vernon, of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, are a welcome addition to the Museum’s collection of invertebrate fossils. Miss Elizabeth Oliver, of River Forest, Illinois, while working as a volunteer assistant in the Department, presented eight geologic 338 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X specimens, one of which, a pisolite from Braidwood, Illinois, is of exceptional interest. CATALOGUING, INVENTORYING, AND LABELING—GEOLOGY New entries recorded in the Department catalogues, now com- prising twenty-six volumes, numbered 1,750. These, added to previous entries, give a total of 195,028. Copy for 1,273 specimen labels was prepared and sent to the Division of Printing, and 2,915 labels, including duplicates, received from the Division, were installed in the cases. In order to afford information regarding exhibits before the permanent labels are ready, 149 typewritten labels were installed. These are written on buff paper matching the regular label stock so as to present a fairly uniform appearance when installed in a case containing permanent labels. There were 649 labeled prints of photographs added to the Department albums, which now contain 8,385 prints. Fifty-eight United States Geological Survey maps were received, filed and labeled, making the number of these maps now available 4,290. The cross-indexed card catalogue of photographs begun last year was completed. The card catalogue of meteorites has been kept up to date. No work was possible until late in 1935 on the card catalogue of minerals begun last year, as no assistants qualified for this work could be assigned to it. Records of the entire collection of South American mammals obtained by the Marshall Field Expeditions, and by purchase and exchange, including collections from the Oligocene and middle Miocene formations, have been revised by Mr. Patterson. Speci- mens of these fossils have been permanently numbered to the extent of 3,797 pieces. Records of 312 specimens were entered in the card catalogue, and 480 determinations were made or confirmed and entered in the numerical catalogue of vertebrate fossils. A bibliography of the literature on South American fossil mam- mals, made by Mr. Patterson, has been copied on 3,000 cards, and a similar bibliography on the Arctic regions, prepared by Mr. Roy, has been copied on 420 cards. Illinois Emergency Relief and Works Progress Administration workers assigned to the Department prepared 25,000 catalogue cards, numbered 15,000 specimens, wrote 8,000 storage labels, cleaned 1,500 specimens and repaired 200 of them, and typed 1,400 pages on work of various kinds. An average of six of these workers served the Department during about forty weeks of the year. JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 339 INSTALLATIONS AND REARRANGEMENTS—GEOLOGY All exhibition cases were numbered to facilitate ready reference to their contents. The tremors resulting from the fall of the Skyride © Towers of A Century of Progress exposition, which were razed in 1935, caused much dust to fall from more friable specimens, necessi- tating the opening and cleaning of a number of cases. The most important addition to the exhibits in Hall 34 is the Gladstone meteorite, acquired by purchase in 1928. This large meteorite is two feet high, one foot wide, nine inches deep, and weighs 1,400 pounds. It was found in 1914 near Gladstone in Queensland, Australia. It is installed in an individual case placed in a group of five other cases, each of which contains a large meteorite. In Clarence Buckingham Hall (Hall 35) a case of volcanic prod- ucts—lavas, volcanic bombs, etc.—was reinstalled, with the addition of much new material. Another case of volcanic products was dismantled, its contents being installed in accordance with a new plan. Many new specimens were added. The case of cave products, consisting chiefly of stalactites and stalagmites, and cut sections of these illustrating their internal structure, was reinstalled with the addition of a number of large specimens received from A Century of Progress exposition. Five colored transparencies of cave formations were placed in windows opposite the cave exhibit. The remarkable transparency showing the spine of Mount Pele, which had not been exhibited for some time, was placed in a window between the two cases of volcanic products. A case containing sections of veins and similar material was reinstalled, and to it were added a copper boulder and a number of other newly acquired specimens. Plans were made for an extensive reinstallation of the west half of this hall and much of the preliminary work was completed. In Hall 86 deteriorated specimens in two cases of petroleum products were replaced by fresh material, and the cases reinstalled. Two cases of oil sands were cleaned and reinstalled. In Frederick J. V. Skiff Hall (Hall 37) many of the old black labels were replaced with new labels on the standard buff background. Installations and changes in Ernest R. Graham Hall (Hall 38) were of major importance. The principal change was the replace- ment of the cast of Megatheriwm, one of the most prominent objects in the hall, by a skeleton (see Plate XX XI). This skeleton, of the great sloth Megathertum americanum from the Pampa formation of 340 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X Argentina, was mounted by Preparator Phil C. Orr. It is the first skeleton of this animal installed in any museum of North America. The last of the large casts in this hall has now been eliminated and there remain no large specimens that are not actual fossils. A skeleton of the hitherto little-known South American mammal, Astrapotherium magnum, of the Miocene period, articulated by Prepar- ator J. B. Abbott, was placed on exhibition (see Plate XXXII). The death of Mr. Abbott on August 6 was a severe loss to his associates in the Department, of which he had been Chief Preparator since 1902. A veteran collector, who had served on various expeditions in both North and South America, and one of the most outstanding men in his field, he was responsible for the preparation and mounting of many of the specimens now exhibited in Graham Hall. Another rare specimen, a skeleton of the archaic Paleocene amblypod, Tztanoides fabert, was mounted by Preparator James H. Quinn, ready for installation early in 1936. From this and other allied specimens in the Museum’s collection, the structure and relationships of this animal have been made known for the first time. Both of these skeletons, Astrapothervum and Titanoides, are the first specimens of their kind to be exhibited in any museum. Two great fossil land-turtles, Testudo species, form another im- portant new exhibit. One of these, measuring forty-eight inches in length, with a shell which alone is forty-two inches long by thirty- two inches wide, is one of the largest specimens of fossil tortoise so far reported from North America. Preparator Quinn mounted and installed the specimens, which include carapace and plastron of each, as well as the partially restored skeleton of the larger, and the skull of the smaller one. Preparation of a large group of Pleistocene mammals from the asphaltum beds of Los Angeles was begun by Preparator Orr. The group is designed to include skeletons of four large mammals, Equus occidentalis (an extinct species of horse), Bzson antiquus (primitive western bison), Mylodon harlani (a ground sloth), and Smilodon californicus (California saber-tooth tiger). These will be shown in a characteristic scene, in and about an asphaltum pool, in- dicating the manner in which the animals were mired and preserved. The life-size restorations of Mesohippus (three-toed horse) and of a Neanderthal family in Graham Hall have been moth-proofed, and the reindeer in the Neanderthal group has been replaced by a better specimen. ywoqqy “gq uYyor Aq paiedaig BOMOUWLY YINOG jo “poled susso1yy ‘UOIZBULIO, ZMAD BURY eY4} WOIy UeUTIDAdg (8E I®H) eH weyern -y yseuig unubou wneayjodvysy “TVININVIN IISSOd AUVUY AHL AO NOLUIAUS IIXXX [ld *X ‘JOA ‘syoday ; AIOISIT JBINIeN JO wInesnyT ple JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 341 The arrangement of invertebrate fossils in this hall remains sub- stantially as before. Only minor changes, such as replacement of inferior specimens, and the making of additions to or rearrange- ments of the contents of the cases, wherever interest and value could thus be improved, were undertaken. Duplicate fossils from wall cases containing Paleozoic material were removed to avoid congestion. In the case in Stanley Field Hall showing the comparison between living and fossil forms, three deteriorated invertebrate specimens were replaced by new material. Minor improvements in the installa- tion were also made in this case. A miniature sectioned model of the structure of the earth, show- ing the various layers in schematic form, was prepared by a Works Progress Administration modeler and painted by Assistant Curator A. B. Wolcott (of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension) under the direction of Curator Henry W. Nichols. It will go on exhibition as soon as preparations for its installation can be made. Room 120, which had held all study and reserve collections except those of vertebrate paleontology, was made available for the use of the Library which required additional space for the proper accommodation of books. This necessitated a rearrangement of the work rooms of the Department to provide space for the dis- placed collections, involving complete dismantling and reinstallation of equipment in four work rooms and changes in another. The invertebrate fossil collections which had filled nearly half of Room 120 were transferred to Room 111, formerly a preparator’s work room. This room now accommodates both the fossil storage and the invertebrate laboratory. The preparator’s equipment was transferred from Room 111 to 110, which had hitherto been used as the invertebrate laboratory. Since the transfer of the collections, they have undergone exten- sive reclassification and rearrangement. This was the major task undertaken during the year by Assistant Curator Roy. So far only the plant and the Ordovician fossils have been put in order. There remain some 600 trays to be arranged. The method of arrangement adopted by Mr. Roy is as follows: the material is distributed accord- ing to the geologic period; within each period the specimens are then divided into the various phyla, and finally each phylum is sub- divided geographically. The motor-driven combined rock-cutting and grinding machine was transferred from Room 110 and reinstalled in the invertebrate 342 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. X laboratory in a much improved condition. A new guard and two new saws, a diamond and a mud saw, were added to it, considerably enhancing its efficiency. Three-quarters of Room 118, which held the chemical laboratory, was walled off to accommodate the remaining collections from Room 120, consisting of the reserve, structural, and economic material, and part of the lithological and mineral specimens. The chemical equipment was installed in the smaller room, where it occupies only one-quarter of its former space. Nevertheless, owing to a more efficient arrangement of furniture and apparatus, it provides as many facilities as before. The chemical supplies, which had been stored in the west end of the old laboratory, were moved to an adjacent room which was equipped with storage closets for the purpose. Specimens requiring greater protection than the standard storage trays can provide were also transferred to this room. The room is provided with apparatus for sampling and rock crushing. Some additions to the working equipment in the chemical laboratory were made while rearrangements were in progress. An electric drying oven with automatic heat control has replaced the old gas oven, which required constant watching of the thermometer. The principal work desk has been provided with a ventilating hood to keep the air free of fumes. An apparatus, designed and built in the Department, has been installed in the still to save most of the time formerly required for refilling and cleaning. The Department supplies for installation work, formerly kept in Room 120, were transferred to Room 116. This room, previously used for making geological models and for preparations of larger specimens, now serves the double purpose of a storage and an installa- tion room. These changes in arrangement of rooms and equipment occupied most of the time of Curator Nichols for nearly four months. While the work was under way, material accumulated during a period of many years was sorted out, and all that was adjudged worthless was discarded. It was also discovered that many of the old numbers painted on specimens were fading. This was not due to the age of the paint but to its gradual sinking into the porous rocks. To remedy the condition a new method of numbering has been successfully employed. A small rectangle of paint of contrasting color is first applied to the specimen to fill the pores. This paint, when dried, JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 343 provides the background on which the number is printed. This work has been assigned to two men from the relief organizations. To date, fifteen thousand specimens have been numbered, but many more require similar treatment. DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY EXPEDITIONS AND RESEARCH There were no regularly organized zoological expeditions in the field during the year. However, the Field Museum Anthropological Expedition to the Near East which concluded its work late in 1934, obtained a zoological collection of value and interest which was accessioned in 1935. This included mammals, birds, and reptiles, mainly from Iraq, collected by Messrs. Henry Field and Richard Martin of the Department of Anthropology. Since the Museum’s collections from this part of the world are very scanty, this material was most welcome. Cooperation with Captain Robert A. Bartlett, on his expedition to the Arctic, resulted in the acquisition of three skins and skeletons of narwhal from Greenland. Arrangements similarly made with Admiral Richard E. Byrd on his Second Antarctic Expedition, yielded five Antarctic seals from “Little America,” of the species known as Weddell’s seal and crab-eating seal. The Museum’s participation in both of these expeditions was made possible by the Emily Crane Chadbourne Fund. Ten specimens of emperor penguin, and a number of other pen- guins, also collected on the Byrd Expedition, were received as a gift from the Chicago Zoological Society. At the invitation of Mr. Tappan Gregory, of Chicago, Assistant Curator Colin C. Sanborn spent two weeks in Marquette County, Michigan, where he made a collection of fifty-five small mammals, including some which will be used for exhibition purposes. Mr. Edgar G. Laybourne, Assistant Taxidermist, collected snakes and lizards in Colorado during a vacation trip extended for the purpose, and obtained material for the preparation of an exhibit of the prairie rattlesnake. The following seven publications by members of the Staff and others, were issued in the Museum’s Zoological Series during the year: New Fishes Obtained by the Crane Pacific Expedition, by Dr. Albert W. Herre, of Stanford University; A New Crocodile from the Philippine Islands, and Notes on the Breeding Behavior of Lizards, 344 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X both by Assistant Curator Karl P. Schmidt; A New Skink from Mexico, by Professor Edward H. Taylor, of the University of Kansas; New Mammals from Guatemala and Honduras, by Assistant Curator Colin C. Sanborn; A New Generic and Family Position for Bufo borbonica, by D. Dwight Davis, Assistant in Osteology; and Part VIII, Catalogue of Birds of the Americas, by Associate Curator Charles E. Hellmayr. Publications by Staff members which appeared under other than Museum auspices include the following: ““Amphibians and Reptiles of the Chicago Region,”’ by Karl P. Schmidt and Walter L. Necker, Bulletin, Chicago Academy of Sciences, Vol. 5, pp. 57-77; ““Gona- dectomy and a New Secondary Sexual Character in Frogs,” by D. Dwight Davis and C. R. Law, Science, Vol. 81, pp. 562-564; “Our Vanishing Game,” by John W. Moyer, American Field, June, 1935; “Along Darwin’s Trail in South America,” by Wilfred H. Osgood, Scientific Monthly, Vol. XL, pp. 73-77; and “The Ethiopians and Their Stronghold,” by Wilfred H. Osgood, Natural History, Vol. XXXV, pp. 286-298. Contributions of the zoological staff to Field Museum News included eighteen signed articles and fifteen brief notes; and coopera- tion was extended in the preparation of thirty-one articles for newspapers. Research was continued from time to time by Curator Wilfred H. Osgood on Chilean and African mammals, especially those obtained by the Field Museum-Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition (1926-27) and the Straus West African Expedition of Field Museum (1934). Assistant Curator Sanborn devoted available time mainly to studies of bats, preparing reports on the rarer neotropical species in the Museum and on various African bats, particularly those of the Straus West African Expedition. He also studied the mammals received through the Field Museum Archaeological Expedition to the Near East (1934). Material was accumulated for a revision of the American members of the chiropteran family Emballonuridae and preliminary studies were made. Work was continued in com- piling a list of the genera of bats and indexing other literature pertaining to them. In the Division of Birds, Associate Curator Hellmayr, work- ing in Europe, mainly at the Vienna Museum, concluded studies of the smaller passerine birds and began preparation of the final parts of the Catalogue of the Birds of the Americas. These parts will be devoted to the raptorial birds, the game birds, and the water JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 345 birds. Assistant Curator Rudyerd Boulton devoted available time to African birds, especially certain genera, and Assistant Emmet R. Blake proceeded with identification and study of the birds received from the Mandel—Field Museum Zoological Expedition to Venezuela (1982), and the Leon Mandel Guatemala Expedition for Field Museum (1933-34). Research on reptiles and amphibians was centered, mainly, in two fields, upper Central America and southwestern Asia. The collections made by the Leon Mandel Guatemala Expedition were studied with others from Honduras and British Honduras made available by loans from the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. Two papers by Assistant Curator Karl P. Schmidt were completed— The Salamanders of Guatemala and New Species of Amphibians and Reptiles from Honduras. The collections from Iraq and Persia were partly identified and will warrant an extended report. A small Bahaman collection received from Dr. L. A. Hodsdon, of Miami, Florida, made necessary a review of the Bahaman reptiles in Field Museum, which resulted in a brief report for publication as Notes on Bahaman Reptiles. A collection of Angolan frogs and toads col- lected by the Pulitzer Expedition of the Carnegie Museum was identified at Field Museum, and a short report was prepared here upon them. This is to appear in the Annals of the Carnegie Museum. The local fauna, on which observations of varying importance are made from year to year, was summarized in a joint paper by Mr. Walter L. Necker and Mr. Schmidt, published by the Chicago Academy of Sciences. This paper was written especially to serve as a technical background for the popular leaflets on the reptiles of the Chicago area, and to stimulate further study in the local field. Assistant Curator Alfred C. Weed made preliminary studies on new and interesting fishes obtained by Mr. Henry Field in the Near East, and also on new and rare fishes collected in Hawaii and Fiji by members of the John G. Shedd Aquarium staff during their expedition to the South Seas, and presented to the Museum by the Aquarium. Reports on these collections are in course of preparation. Assistant D. Dwight Davis worked on problems in the anatomy of amphibians, and made a survey of the distribution of Bidder’s organ in toads. This resulted in several additions to existing knowl- edge of the relationships of the animals involved and in new light on the nature of the structure itself. 346 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X ACCESSIONS—ZOOLOGY Accessions in 1935 totaled 9,611, which is about 12 per cent less than in 1984, and about 25 per cent less than the average of the last ten years. This is a good showing, in view of the lack of expedi- tions, and is due to the receipt of an unusual number of gifts, to notable exchanges, and to especially advantageous purchases at small cost. The distribution of accessions by zoological groups is as follows: mammals, 1,208; birds, 3,240; amphibians and reptiles, 2,309; fishes, 512; insects, 2,171; lower invertebrates, 171. Included in the totals for mammals, birds, and reptiles are 165 skeletons. The number credited to Museum expeditions is 1,311; to gifts, 4,129; to exchanges, 1,126; to purchases, 3,045. Notable among the gifts of mammals were nine African and Australian mammals presented by the Chicago Zoological Society, and one polar bear received from the Lincoln Park Zoo through the courtesy of the Chicago Park District. From Mr. Henry Field, of Chicago, were received thirty mam- mals collected in Iraq. A fox and a badger from Mr. J. H. Dekker, stationed in Iraq; a bear skeleton from Mr. Austin Eastwood, of Bagdad, Iraq; and a hyena from Iran (Persia), gift of Dr. Erich F. Schmidt, of Rayy, Iran, received through the interest of Mr. Field, have added greatly to the interest and value of the Museum’s small collection from the Near East. Mr. A. W. Exline, of San José, on the island of Mindoro in the Philippines, collected and presented four specimens of the rare tamarao buffalo of that island, including a bull with horns of record size. Mr. Stewart Springer, of Biloxi, Mississippi, sent some un- usually small moles from Florida representing a form new to the collection. Major Wallis Huidekoper, of Twodot, Montana, pre- sented three fine wolf skins. A series of nineteen skulls of coyotes, skunks, bobcats, and badgers was received from Mr. W. R. Thomas, of Rapid City, South Dakota. From Leicestershire, England, Mrs. A. E. Burnaby sent ten specimens in alcohol, including three bats, a weasel, a water rat, and five moles. Gifts of bats, from Panama, the West Indies, the Philippines and China, totaling 353 specimens, were received. Most notable were 307 specimens from Panama presented by the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard University. Dr. Alfred E. Emerson, of the University of Chicago, was the donor of seventeen bats from Panama, including forms new to the collection. Dr. L. A. Hodsdon, of Miami, Florida, gave nine bats from the Bahamas, and Mr. JAN. 1986 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 347 Stewart Walpole, of Chicago, presented ten bats from Barbados. Dr. C. C. Liu, of Soochow, China, presented three bats from there, yne being an extremely rare form. The Department of Anthropology ransferred to the Department of Zoology the skulls of seven rare ruit bats from the Philippines and New Guinea. Important additions were made to the collection of mammals yy exchange with other museums. The largest exchange has been with the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C., whence 311 specimens have already been received, and further xchange is in progress. From the Museum of Comparative Zoology 1t Harvard were received seven bats, and from The American Museum of Natural History, New York, eleven, by exchange. Through the Emily Crane Chadbourne Fund exceptionally fine material was obtained by purchase. This includes the skins and skeletons of three narwhals, collected by Captain Robert A. Bartlett off north Greenland, and three Weddell’s and two crab- ating seals from Antarctica, collected by the Second Byrd Ant- arctic Expedition. Other advantageous purchases include 185 West African, 175 Ecuadorian, and 83 Costa Rican mammals, adding many desirable species to the Museum. A small collection of nine rare bats from Arizona was purchased. Gifts, exchanges, and purchases of bats added seven genera to the collection of this order, so that now the Museum has the fairly large total of 188 genera and more than 500 species and subspecies ‘epresented. Sixty-six separate gifts of birds, totaling 644 specimens, were ‘eceived from twenty-seven different donors. In these contributions s reflected especially the gratifying cooperation of local naturalists. Most important were those from Mr. Leslie Wheeler, a Trustee of the Museum, and the Chicago Zoological Society. Mr. Wheeler presented 333 specimens of hawks and owls, representing every major area in the world, and thus added greatly to the research facilities of Field Museum’s fine study collection of birds of these sroups. In addition, an excellent collection of 142 birds from Angola (Portuguese West Africa), four cuckoos and goatsuckers from Ecuador, and a partially albino robin, were presented to the Museum by Mr. Wheeler. From the Chicago Zoological Society 106 specimens were received as gifts, among the most important being ten emperor penguins from “Little America.” In addition to the skins of these largest of all penguins, seven complete skeletons and two completely em- 348 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X balmed specimens were preserved. Among other specimens of particular note were Adelie, Galapagos and black-footed penguins, saddle-billed stork, Galapagos albatross, Cape Barren and Australian pied geese, and many interesting pigeons and waxbill weavers from Australia. Skeletons were preserved of most of these specimens, which accounts in large part for the significant advancement of the osteological collection during the year. Sixty-one genera were added to this collection. Among small but important gifts of birds received during the year were those from Major R. D. Hildebrand, of Buncombe County, North Carolina, Mr. Boardman Conover, of Chicago, Sir Charles F’. Belcher, of Port of Spain, Trinidad, and Mr. Donald B. Hodgsdon, of Pochuta, Guatemala. The purchase of part of the noted H. K. Coale collection resulted in the most important accession of the year, numbering 2,556 specimens from Africa, Asia and Australia. More than 1,200 species are included, among them a large number of rare and infrequently. seen genera which heretofore have been unrepre- sented in Field Museum. Among gifts of reptiles and amphibians, the most notable were as follows: 380 specimens from various parts of the world, presented by Mr. Stewart Springer, of Biloxi, Mississippi, filling many gaps in the European and North American collections; from the Chicago Zoological Society, fifty-eight specimens, several of which were used for making reproductions for exhibition, while others provided valuable and much desired skeletal material; from Mr. Henry Field, and through him from officials of the Iraq Petroleum Company, 129 specimens from Iraq, forming an important addition to the Museum’s growing collections from southwestern Asia; from Dr. Alfred E. Emerson, of the University of Chicago, seventeen specimens, supplementing the Museum’s Panama collections; from Dr. L. A. Hodsdon, of Miami, Florida, eighteen specimens from the Bahama Islands, making possible a short publication (now in press) on this interesting fauna; from Mr. Stewart J. Walpole, of Chicago, twenty-seven specimens from Barbados, representing this island in the collections for the first time; from Mr. George Murray, Director of Agriculture of the Territory of New Guinea, eleven specimens from New Britain; from Mr. R. Marlin Perkins, of St. Louis, thirteen snakes, including little known coral snakes from Arkansas; and from Mr. C. Blair Coursen, who is the President of the General Biological Supply House, Chicago, forty-six specimens from Key West, Florida. UIMIOD “VY SayeyO Aq punolsyovg “yydeIq|y “f°O Aq Aulepixey, (LT 18H) PH Ales “A ULeTIEM SVAVIVIIH NI GUVdOU'T MONS JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 349 Forty-eight reptiles obtained by purchase, chiefly from Florida, were used in the preparation of reproductions for exhibition. In return for identification of collections for other institutions, 440 specimens were obtained from Oklahoma, Angola, Cameroon and Honduras. Other specimens were exchanged with the British Museum, the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, the Carnegie Museum of Pittsburgh, and the Zoologische Staatssamm- lung in Munich. Reptiles and amphibians received as a result of expeditions include 579 specimens from the Field Museum Anthropological Expedition to the Near East (1934), collected by Messrs. Henry Field and Richard Martin; and twenty-six specimens collected in Colorado by Mr. Edgar G. Laybourne of the Museum’s taxidermy staff. As a gift from the John G. Shedd Aquarium, 400 specimens of fishes were received from that institution’s 1985 expedition to Hawaii and Fiji. These form the most valuable accession of fishes during the year. Several of the species seem to be new to science. Others were previously known from only a very few individuals. Several of the fishes were found in places far removed from localities where they had previously been recorded. The fact that these fishes were seen and studied in life, before their preservation in alcohol, makes them especially valuable. Nineteen fishes received in an exchange with Professor Leonard P. Schultz, of the School of Fisheries, University of Washington, give the Museum a representation of forms previously lacking in the study collection. Mr. E. F. Vacin, of Oak Park, Illinois, presented three large trout that he caught in lakes near Laramie, Wyoming. One of these, a very large cut-throat trout, will serve as a fine example of this game fish for exhibition. Two small sharks, collected in Bermuda by Mr. Stewart J. Walpole, add an interesting species to the study collection. Professor H. W. Norris, Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa, has continued sending study material of sharks and related forms. The most valuable is a fine specimen of the rare shark Aprionodon isodon. A small number of fishes brought back by the Field Museum _ Anthropological Expedition to the Near East (1934), proved very valuable. Many of them were secured east of Amara, Iraq, in a _ region that had previously been entirely closed to zoological collectors. Two species in the lot seem to be new to science. 352 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X The study collection of reptiles has been rearranged, especially the specimens contained in large bottles and tanks. Both reptiles and fishes preserved in alcohol have been insured of remaining in good condition by extensive changing and reclaiming of alcohol. In the large collection of fishes about half the stock of preservative has been renewed. Accumulated routine work, especially in the cleaning of skulls and bones in the Division of Osteology, was very greatly advanced. The preparation of approximately 2,000 mammal skulls leaves only a few hundred of these uncleaned, and makes way for the work of cleaning small skeletons. Twelve skeletons of large mammals were cleaned by a combination of maceration and hand methods. A number of small mammal skeletons and a few amphibian and reptile skeletons were cleaned by hand. By the use of dermestids (beetles) 155 bird skeletons, ten mammal skeletons, and ten reptile skeletons were cleaned. The bodies of two emperor penguins were embalmed and added to the series of vertebrate types preserved for study of the soft anatomy. In the macerating room two large cooking tanks, which had corroded, were removed and replaced by a stone macerat- ing tank. Equipment was designed and built for degreasing bones and other material. INSTALLATIONS AND REARRANGEMENTS—ZOOLOGY Seven habitat groups of large mammals were completed and opened to the public in 1935. Five of these are in William V. Kelley Hall of Asiatic Mammals (Hall 17), the subjects being the axis deer, the common leopard, the snow leopard, the blackbuck and chinkara, and the nilgai. A group of elephant seals was installed in the Hall of Marine Mammals (Hall N), and one of gelada baboon was placed in Carl E. Akeley Memorial Hall (Hall 22). In George M. Pullman Hall (Hall 13) there was added one sys- tematic case showing the five principal species of South American deer. The axis deer group has unusually fine pictorial quality and harmonious color tones. Five animals are shown in light tropical forest resting at midday. A handsome stag stands quietly under a large tree, while a younger stag and two does with a pair of fawns are lying at one side on a leafy forest bed (see Plate XX XV). The specimens were obtained by the James Simpson—Roosevelts Asiatic Expedition of Field Museum (1925-26) and the late Colonel J. C. JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 353 Faunthorpe. The group was prepared by Staff Taxidermist C. J. Albrecht, and has a background by Staff Artist Charles A. Corwin. The common leopard is represented by a single animal which is effectively combined with a forest scene so as to indicate the character and habits of the species by direct portrayal and also by subtle suggestion. It appears in a menacing attitude in the branches of a wild fig tree reproduced from studies made through cooperation with the Bombay Natural History Society. The specimen used was obtained during the James Simpson—Roosevelts Asiatic Expedi- tion. Taxidermy, background, and accessories for the exhibit are the work of Staff Taxidermist Leon L. Pray, assisted by Mr. Frank Letl. The third Asiatic group to be completed during the year was one in which two species of antelopes are shown. These are the Indian antelope or blackbuck and the Indian gazelle or chinkara. Five animals are included, three of the blackbuck and two of the chinkara, shown in a setting of light scrub in semi-arid plains with low hills in the distance. This group was obtained by the James Simpson—Roosevelts Asiatic Expedition and Colonel Faun- thorpe. It was prepared by Staff Taxidermist Arthur G. Rueckert and Mr. W. E. Eigsti. The background is by Mr. Corwin. The snow leopard group (see Plate XX XIII), opposite the giant panda in the central section of Kelley Hall, is one of exceptional beauty and interest. This is not only because of the subject, con- ceded to be the most beautiful of the larger cats, but because of the stupendous grandeur of the scene in the high Himalayas in which it is displayed. Only three animals appear, an old female and two kittens sitting on a fallen log with a freshly killed pheasant before them to excite attitudes of playfulness and anticipation. Behind rises the magnificent snow-laden front of the Himalayas. Taxidermy is by Mr. Albrecht, and background by Mr. Corwin. The nilgai group shows another typical animal of central India, a large and somewhat ungainly antelope in which the males are blackish or bluish, and the females light brown or tan in color, A feature of the group is the reproduction of a dhak tree bearing great masses of reddish flowers above the green foliage of its lower branches. The animals are grouped as in midday enjoying the shade of the tree. The specimens in the group were collected _ by Mr. D. W. Ellsworth while temporarily associated with the James Simpson-Roosevelts Asiatic Expedition. Staff Taxidermist Julius 854 FIrELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X Friesser and Mr. W. E. Eigsti prepared the group, and Mr. Corwin painted the background. In the Hall of Marine Mammals (Hall N), an important addition was made by the completion of a group of northern elephant-seal (see Plate XXXIV). This is one of the largest groups in the Museum and one which has involved much labor, study and expense. It was made possible through the generous cooperation of Captain G. Allan Han- cock, of Los Angeles, and Dr. Harry M. Wegeforth, President of the San Diego Zoological Society. On Captain Hancock’s yacht, the Velero III, Messrs. Julius Friesser and Frank Wonder, of the Mu- seum’s taxidermy staff, were taken to Guadalupe Island, Mexico, in 1938, and enabled to collect the specimens for the group and all necessary data. The finished group includes one magnificent bull and four females and younger animals. The bull measured approxi- mately seventeen feet in length, and had an estimated weight of 5,000 pounds. The group was prepared by the collectors, Messrs. Friesser and Wonder. The background, painted by Mr. Corwin, shows an expansive seascape and a section of “Elephant Beach,” the principal hauling ground of the seals on Guadalupe Island. A group of the gelada baboon, added to the exhibits in Carl E. Akeley Memorial Hall (Hall 22), shows an old male seated solemnly on arocky prominence with a female and a half-grown young baboon engaged, near-by, in exploring crevices in the rock. The group was prepared by Mr. Pray from material collected by the Field Museum-Chicago Daily News Abyssinian Expedition (1926-27). Two screens of ducks in the North American series in Hall 21 were reinstalled, with eight replacements of specimens. Twenty- four case labels were provided for this series. In the synoptic series of birds of the world, two screens were installed. These show the important types of water birds of twelve families, including albatrosses, petrels, pelicans, cormorants, loons, grebes and frigate- birds. Two special cases of the projected series of biological exhibits were completed and installed. One shows the extinct birds of North America, including the great auk, Labrador duck, passenger pigeon, Carolina paroquet, heath hen and three other extinct species; the other case shows foreign birds introduced by man, including the starling, house sparrow, ring-neck pheasant, Hungarian partridge and six other less known species. Appropriate labels call attention to gradual changes in a fauna that occur under natural conditions, and the greatly speeded-up changes caused by man’s interference. JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 355 Cases for ten new habitat groups of foreign birds were constructed in Hall 20, and the preparation of six groups was undertaken. Two of these, the emperor penguins from “Little America,”’ and plantain eaters from the West African rain forest, were well advanced toward completion. All the work on birds was done by Staff Taxidermists Ashley Hine (who retired from service during the year), and John W. Moyer. A case of salamanders and frogs, in Albert W. Harris Hall (Hall 18), was rearranged to accommodate eleven new reproductions. These include two species of North American tree frogs; the remark- able African clawed frog; a large species of Australian tree-frog; the marbled, red-backed, and Great Smokies salamanders of the United States; the extraordinary eel-like Amphiuma of the south; the web-footed banana salamander from Guatemala, and the gill- breathing axolotl of the Mexican lakes. All these models are the work of Staff Taxidermist Leon L. Walters, and made by the cellulose- acetate process invented by him, and developed over a period of years in Field Museum laboratories. The larger American snakes were rearranged to make room for exhibits of the milk snake, striped racer, and blue racer, and the poisonous snakes were arranged to fill a complete half-case, with the addition of the two common vipers, the Florida coral snake, the western copperhead, pygmy rattlesnake, and the fer-de-lance of tropical America. There remain a number of lizard and snake reproductions which were finished during 1935 and are ready to be installed in the coming year. The most notable of these are the Galapagos land iguana and the common East Indian monitor lizard, prepared by Assistant Taxidermist Edgar G. Laybourne under the direction of Mr. Walters. A screen of skeletons of amphibians and reptiles was installed in Hall 19. This exhibit, in addition to a systematic representation of the principal types forming the group, is provided with illustrated diagrams demonstrating the central place these animals have occupied in the history of vertebrates and indicating the derivation of both mammals and birds from them. A series of fish skeletons was prepared and remounted for later installation in Hall 19 with the skeletons of other major groups of vertebrates. These installa- tions were the work of Assistant Curator Edmond N. Gueret and Assistant D. Dwight Davis. Volunteer work during the year was done by various young men, somewhat as student-assistants, but with very definite practical results in the care and use of the collections. In the Division of 356 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X Birds, Mr. Harold Hansen spent ten months, Mr. Sidney Camras, one month, and Mr. Robert Cutler, two weeks. In the Division of Osteology, Mr. Gerhard Roth was engaged for three months. Mr. Walter L. Necker worked on collections of amphibians and reptiles from time to time, altogether about two months. Mr. C. W. Carson, Jr., also worked in the Division of Reptiles for a period of six weeks. Mr. Rupert Wenzel contributed his services to the Division of Insects for seven months. The employment of workers paid by state and federal relief agencies was continued with marked success, and great benefit to the progress of every Division in the Department. The number engaged varied from month to month, being reduced to none in May, and increased to a maximum of forty-one in December, with a monthly average for the whole year of eighteen. The work done by this force, assigned in the earlier part of the year by the Illinois Emergency Relief Commission, and by the Works Progress Administration from October on, falls under three general heads: (1) Preparation of zoological specimens by hand work for permanent preservation in the study and reserve collections of the Museum. Examples of this are the cleaning of skulls and skeletons, the repairing and renovation of bird skins, and the pinning of insects. (2) Fabrication of accessories and materials for use in new exhibits. Examples are artificial leaves, flowers, and wax or plaster models. (3) Clerical and semi-clerical work, including typing, cataloguing, labeling, numbering, indexing, and arranging specimens; making drawings of specimens for illustration of reports; and biblio- graphic work or compilation of data from books or specimens. THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION As in former years, the activities of the Department of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension embraced the collecting, preparing and installing of natural history specimens in portable cases with informative labels, and the circulating of them in the public schools and other educational institutions of the city. In the prepa- ration of various subjects, such as plants and flowers, reptiles, fishes, and some accessories which are highly perishable in nature, resort was made on an increasing scale to the cellulose-acetate process of re- production so successfully developed in the Department of Zoology. This has proved of great value in representing with fidelity the color and form of many types of specimens used in Harris Extension cases. The material and specimens used were, with the exception —— UIMIO() “VY SatByO Aq punoisyoevg “AopuoM *O “Wf PUB JOSSOII Snijne Aq AulJopixey, L6T ‘Uortpedx yyoJasa\\—yooouRP] Aq poqoaijoo suawidaedg N ll®H GANV'ISI GdNTVGVONSD AO TIVES LNVHda TH NYUAHLUON AIXXX ld *X ‘10A ‘s}10dexy AIOYSIFT [BANZVNY JO winasny] Play THE LIBRARY OF TRE UNIVERSITY CF ILLINOIS JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 357 of a few economic subjects, all collected within the vicinity of the city of Chicago. The colored backgrounds used in many of the cases were also made from photographs taken in the same region and at the same time that the specimens were collected. Despite the fact that the members of the Department staff were largely occupied in repairing 216 cases and in reinstalling entirely ninety-one exhibits, nineteen new cases were completed during the year. In addition to the new cases finished, a number of others are in a more or less advanced stage of preparation. Due to deteri- oration from long and constant use, thirteen exhibits were with- drawn from circulation. All of the cases were inspected, cleaned and polished during the school vacation in summer. There are now available for use in the schools, 1,212 cases, illustrating 407 different subjects. There are 676 cases devoted to 290 zoological subjects; 382 to eighty-seven botanical subjects; and 154 to thirty geological subjects. During the past year there were 415 schools in Chicago which made daily use of the cases. These comprised 374 public schools, with an attendance of approximately one-half million pupils; nine private schools, including the University High School of the Uni- versity of Chicago; and thirty-two parochial schools. In addition, cases were loaned to nine branches of the Chicago Public Library, eight branches of the Y.M.C.A., two Boys’ Union League Clubs, and seven social settlements. To each of these 441 schools and institutions two cases were delivered fortnightly. Thus 882 of the exhibits were kept in constant circulation throughout the school year. The Department’s two motor trucks traveled a total of 11,885 miles while engaged in delivering and collecting cases. A number of requests were received from other sources for the loan of cases for special limited periods. In response to these, six cases were loaned to the Institute for Juvenile Research of the State Department of Public Welfare; five cases were sent to the Vacation Bible School of the Fourth Presbyterian Church; twelve eases were loaned to the summer camp of the United Charities of Chicago at Algonquin, Illinois; and fourteen were shown in a special booth at the International Live Stock Exposition, held at the Chi- cago Union Stock Yards. That the service rendered by the Harris Extension is appreciated as a valuable adjunct to the work of the schools is manifested by the receipt during the year of several hundred letters of commen- dation from principals, teachers and pupils. 358 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X THE JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL AND CHILDREN’S LECTURES The James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation has provided, as in past years, several series of lectures, entertainments, and other activities for the benefit of children. These include the spring and autumn courses of motion picture programs presented in the James Simpson Theatre of the Museum, the guide-lecture tours of the exhibits available to parties of children throughout the year, and also the extension lectures given in classrooms and as- sembly halls of the schools. The number of groups coming to the Museum for conducted tours of the exhibition halls in 1935 was the largest since 1931; also, many schools not heretofore on the Founda- tion’s list requested and received the extension lectures. ENTERTAINMENTS FOR CHILDREN The programs in the series of free motion pictures, presented in the James Simpson Theatre on Saturday mornings during the spring and autumn, were as follows: SPRING COURSE March 2—American Bears; A Trip to Washington; In the South Seas; Chameleons. March 9—Babies of the Farm; Jungle Belles; Australian Animals; A Dyak Wedding. March 16—The Orang at Work and Play; The Javanese Farmers; Watching the Wayangs. March 28—Antelopes Seldom Seen; Daniel Boone and a New Trail. March 30—Wild Life at Home; Laying the World’s Fastest Cable. April 6—Beetle Friends and Enemies; Trained Bird Fishermen; Glimpses of Quaint Gaspé. April 13—Monkey Capers; Jungle Vaudeville; Souvenirs of Singapore; The Wapiti of Jackson Hole. A pril 20—Mushrooms and Their Cousins; Peter Stuyvesant.* April 27—Nature’s Weavers; Life of a Moth; Mounting Butterflies; Algonquin Adventures. AUTUMN COURSE October 5—Adventures of Wrongstart, the Dog: The Mountain Goats; The Bear Family; Wrongstart Meets a Porcupine; Shooting the Rapids. October 12—Feeding the Fisheaters; Columbus Crosses the Atlantic.* October 19—’Neath Poland’s Harvest Skies; The Dainty Hummingbird; Mammals in Strange Form; Old Man Trouble. October 26—Among the Igloo Dwellers; Winter in an Arctic Village; Odd Hoofed Animals; Elephants at Work and Play. November 2—Jungle Giants; The Veldt; The Wrestling Swordfish; The Prowlers. November 9—The Jenolan Caves; The Declaration of Independence.* * Gift to the Museum from the late Chauncey Keep. JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 359 November 16—Winners of the West: The Departure of the Covered Wagons; yagabe at Home; Buffalo Bill; The Pony Express; Within the Stockade. November 23—A Rhinoceros Episode; Quaint Boats of Japan; Small Cats and Monkeys; Turtles of All Lands; Kangaroos. November 30—The Lapps and Their Reindeer; Prehistoric Lake Dwellers; Wearers of Fur and Quills; Falling Snow. In addition to the two regular series of entertainments, two special programs were offered in February as follows: February 12—Lincoln’s Birthday Program: Lincoln and His Mother; A Presi- dent’s Answer. February 22—Washington’s Birthday Program: Washington, His Life and Times. Twenty programs in all were offered to the children of the city and suburbs. The total attendance at these entertainments was 34,004, of which 4,877 came to the special programs, 10,350 to the spring course, and 18,777 to the autumn series. The following newspapers gave publicity to the programs: Chicago Daily News, Chicago Tribune, Chicago Herald and Examiner, Chicago Evening American, and Chicago Daily Illustrated Times. An expression of appreciation for films loaned for the programs is herewith made to the United States Department of Agriculture, Western Electric Company, Canadian National Railways, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railway, Illinois Bell Telephone Company, Department of the Interior of the Dominion of Canada, and Swedish Bureau of Information. MUSEUM STORIES FOR CHILDREN—RAYMOND FOUNDATION Members of the Raymond Foundation staff prepared two series of Museum Stories for Children. Field Museum Press printed these in folder form, and copies were handed to all children attending the entertainments. The subject matter of the stories correlated with that of some of the films shown in the Simpson Theatre, or that of the talks, illustrated with colored slides, given by stafi members in the schools. The titles of the stories in each series were as follows: Series X XIV—The American Chameleon; Native Life of Australia; The Javanese and Their Plays; Antelopes; The Story of Quartz; The Beetles; Some Interest- ing Monkeys; Mushrooms and Their Cousins; Bird Weavers. Series XX V—Northern Squirrels; Fishes That Walk, Climb and Fly; Humming- birds; Eskimo Homes; Some Interesting African Plants; The Story of the Caves; Indian Tipis; A Strange Member of the Turtle Family; The Swiss Lake Dwellers. Remaining copies of these stories were placed in a holder at the North Door during the summer to be taken by visiting children. 360 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X The year’s total distribution of Museum Stories for Children was 35,000. LECTURE TOURS FOR CHILDREN—RAYMOND FOUNDATION Classwork in the exhibition halls was extended to the following groups: of groups Attendance Tours for children of Chicago schools Chicago publieischoolsta.-- ee ee 385 14,427 Chicago parochial schools.............. 30 1,064 Chicago private schools-ee eee soe eee ee 12 203 Tours for children of suburban schools Suburban public schools............... 142 4,612 Suburban parochial schools............. 3 118 Suburban private schools.............. 5 94 Tours for special groups from clubs and other organizations............ 66 4,460 In all, 643 groups were given guide-lecture service and the atten- dance was 24,978. During the months of April, May, June, October and November the requests for guide service were far greater than could be handled by the present staff of the Foundation. During July and August, more special vacation groups were cared for than at any other time except in the month of July, 1930. On December 3 and 5, the Museum was host to 1,500 boy and girl delegates to the Annual Congress of Four-H Clubs of the United States. Of this number, 1,050 were given special lectures in the halls devoted to prehistoric plants and animals, and in the Hall of the Stone Age of the Old World. The visitors expressed themselves as most appreciative of the courtesies rendered. EXTENSION LECTURES—RAYMOND FOUNDATION As in previous years, extension lectures were offered to the schools. Following are the subjects which were presented in classrooms and assemblies before audiences of both high and elementary school grades: For GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY GROUPS Glimpses of Eskimo Life; South America; North American Indians; Glimpses of Chinese Life; Native Life in the Philippines; The Romans; The Egyptians; Migisi, the Indian Lad. For SCIENCE GROUPS Field Museum and Its Work; Prehistoric Plants and Animals; Insects and Reptiles; Coal and Iron; Coffee, Chocolate and Tea; A Trip to Banana Land; Birds of the Chicago Region; Animal Life in the Chicago Region; Trees of the Chicago en ; Wild Flowers of the Chicago Region; Animals at Home; Our Outdoor iends. The total number of extension lectures given by the staff of the Raymond Foundation was 411, and the total attendance was 153,557. JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 361 ACCESSIONS—-RAYMOND FOUNDATION During the year the Raymond Foundation acquired, for use in the Theatre and in the extension lectures, 314 slides made by the Division of Photography. Of these 168 were colored by the Museum Illustrator. The Foundation was also the recipient of 18,200 feet (21 reels) of motion picture film entitled The Trazl of the Olympian, presented by the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railway. LECTURE TOURS AND MEETINGS FOR ADULTS—RAYMOND FOUNDATION Guide-lecture service was made available without charge, as in previous years, to clubs, conventions and other organizations, and to Museum visitors in general. During July and August, morning tours were given in addition to the regular afternoon ones. For the information of visitors, printed monthly schedules were placed at the main entrance, and were distributed through cooperating agen- cies such as libraries and other civic centers, not only in the city but also in the suburbs. The tours offered to the public during the year included 101 of a general nature, and 198 covering specific topics. These were taken advantage of by 289 groups, comprising 5,012 individuals. In addition to the regular public tours, there were special tours given to sixty-six groups from colleges, clubs and other organizations, and 1,770 persons attended these. The James Simpson Theatre was used for two meetings. In May, 1,500 members of the Juvenile Council of the Cook County Schools held an all-day session; in June, the foreign-born adult commencement of the city schools was held with 696 in attendance. In January, the small lecture hall was used by a group of college students. Total attendance at the three meetings was 2,214. SUMMARY OF ATTENDANCE AT ENTERTAINMENTS, LECTURES, TOURS, ETC.—RAYMOND FOUNDATION The total number of groups reached through the activities of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School and Children’s Lectures was 1,429, and the aggregate at- tendance included in these groups numbered 219,321 individuals. LECTURES FOR ADULTS On Saturday afternoons during the spring and autumn months the Museum’s sixty-third and sixty-fourth courses of free lectures _ for adults were given in the James Simpson Theatre. They were illus- 364 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X especially for consultation by the Staff, that this curtailment seriously hampered much work. Therefore the opportunity which came in 1935 to renew subscriptions to some of these was most welcome. With each renewal the numbers for the intervening years were secured so as to make the files complete. This, of course, added materially to the cost, but it also added greatly to the value of the various series. It has been possible, likewise, to purchase some of the newer books of importance in the Museum’s fields, and all Departments have thus been strengthened. Two of the especial desiderata for the Edward E. Ayer Ornithological Library have been purchased: Miller, Beztréige zur Ornithologie, Part 1, Afrika, and Zander, Naturgeschichte der Vogel Mecklenburgs, Parts 1-8, 18387-1853. There has also been purchased the rare set of Velloso’s Flora fluminensis in eleven volumes, a work written before 1790, although not published until 1825. It is an especially important work on the plants of the American tropics. Other purchases of the year include: McKenney and Hall, History of the Indian Tribes of North America, revised edition; Westlake, American Designs; Lamprecht, Handbuch der Palaeornithologie. After the receipt of the late Dr. Berthold Laufer’s private library, which he bequeathed to the Museum, additional space was neces- sary, and Room 120 across the hall to the north of the reading room was assigned to the Library. This additional space also made possible a rearrangement of the books in the General Library thus providing for continued growth during the next few years. The less crowded condition on the shelves thus accomplished improved the serviceability of the Library. The new room was freshly painted, thus making it bright and attractive, and the needed stacks were provided for books. One half has been devoted entirely to volumes about China, and to books and manuscripts in the Chinese, Tibetan, Mongolian, Manchu and Korean languages. These are being catalogued by Professor F. E. Wood, a volunteer worker who has had previous experience in similar projects for other libraries. Most of the so-called Old Mongolian texts, of which there are about thirty, are included in the Mongolian collection. The Tibetan collection contains some one hundred and twenty books. There is a compara- tively small number of Manchu bocks in existence (about two hundred and fifty or so) and there are approximately thirty-five of these in this collection, of which some twenty-five are dictionaries. By far the largest part of the whole collection consists of books on China, including about 7,000 books in the Chinese language which have been Fiala Moreau af Rraoeeennt ET=4-——- SPOTTED DEER OR AXIS DEER OF INDIA William V. Specimens collected by James Simpson—Roosevelts Expedition, 19 Kelley Hall (Hall 17) 5-26 9 Background by Charles A, Corwin Taxidermy by C. J. Albrecht. Ot THE quent ¥ yundls JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 365 catalogued by Mr. Kenji Toda, whose employment was made possible by a gift of funds from the American Friends of China, Chicago. Among these books are fifteen collections on the subjects of literature, bibliography, philosophy, religion, history, geography, natural his- tory, and thearts. The books on China in other languages are being catalogued as rapidly as possible, and many of them are already available for readers. A most interesting and valuable feature of this collection is the extremely fine assortment of dictionaries, many of them of languages little known outside of the countries in which they are used. These will be found invaluable by many students. Among the dictionaries received are Chinese-English, Chinese-Russian, Chinese-French, Japanese-English, English-Burmese, Turk, and Indian dialects. Mr. Stanley Field, President of the Museum, presented a col- lection of about one hundred rare, beautifully bound and valuable books, containing many old, out-of-print editions of accounts of the famous voyages made in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Such books are almost invaluable for use in research work, and will always be highly treasured as source material. A few of the outstanding ones are: five volumes of the Hakluyt Collections of the Early Voyages, 1809-1812; Cook, A Voyage Towards the South Pole and Round the World, 1772-1776 (second voyage), first edition, two volumes, 1777; Cook, A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean, 1776-1780 (third voyage), first edition, three volumes, 1784; Cook, Illustrations of Cook’s Voyages, 1768-1780; Anson, Voyage Round the World in the Years 1743-1744, fifth edition, 1749; Barrow, Travels in China, 1804; Bélanger, Voyage aux Indes-Orientales par le Nord de ’ Europe, Atlas, 1825-1829; Beverly, The History and Present State of Virginia, first edition, 1705; Burney, A Chronological History of the Voyages and Discoveries in the South Sea or Pacific Ocean, five volumes, 1579-1764; Carver, Travels Through the Interior Part of North America, 1803-17, third edition; Dalrymple, An Historical Collection of the Several Voyages and Discoveries in the South Pacific Ocean, 1770; Dampier’s Voyages, 1729; Esquemeling, Buccaneers of America, 1684; Hearne, Journey from Prince of Wales’s Fort in Hudson Bay to the Northern Ocean, 1795; Hennepin, A New Discovery of a Vast Country in America, 1698; Kippis, The Life of Captain James Cook, first edition, 1788; Meares, Voyages Made in the Years 1788 and 1789, first edition, 1790; Ogilby, America, Being the Latest and Most Accurate Description of the New World, 1671; W. Smith, An His- 366 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X torical Account of the Expedition Against the Ohio Indians, 1765. Many of these have for years been among the Library’s desiderata. Mr. Carl Gronemann, the Museum Illustrator, designed dis- tinctive bookplates for the two special collections received during this last year so that these books will be always distinguished from the rest of the Library. The one for the Laufer collection repre- sents a scene typically Chinese in motif and art style, suggesting the outlook through a window over a desk which by its writing brushes, ink palette, scrolls and other objects subtly connotes the idea of an author’s sanctum. The one for Mr. Stanley Field’s col- lection has his family’s coat of arms, bordered by the distinctive Ionic pillars of Field Museum. Through the courtesy of Pratt Institute Library, Brooklyn, New York, most of the first thirty volumes of the Illustrated London News were received. These are a substantial contribution toward filling out the file of this frequently consulted periodical. In addition to those mentioned above, other valuable gifts have been received, among which are the following: from Mr. Henry Field, Chicago, about twenty volumes together with current numbers of Journal of Heredity and publications of Palaeontographical So- ciety; from Mr. Stanley Field, Illustrated London News and Bird-lore, current numbers; from Mr. Hsu Kwan-swen, Kiangsu, China, Chinese Mirrors; Khi-no, Funeral Ceremony; from Mr. A. E. S. Neu- mann, Description of Patagonia, 1774 (reprint); from Dr. E. E. Sherff, topographical maps of Hawaii and various publications of much interest; from Director Stephen C. Simms, current numbers of Museum News published by the American Association of Museums, Seidenadel’s Language Spoken by the Bontoc Igorot, and Hamilton’s Maori Art; from Mr. Benjamin K. Smith, Rustafjaell’s Stone Age in Egypt, and Bresadola’s I funght mangerecci e velenosi. Many others have donated their own publications and these are greatly appreciated. The Museum has been fortunate in making some valuable ex- changes with institutions and individuals in various parts of the world. Such exchanges are an important source of new publications for addition to the Library. The publications of the various scien- tific institutions are of great significance and value in a research library. Again deserving of appreciative acknowledgment is the courtesy of other libraries in lending books which were desired by the members of the Staff to assist in their research work. Especially should be JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 367 mentioned the John Crerar Library, Chicago; the University of Chicago Library; the Library of Congress and that of the United States Department of Agriculture, in Washington, D. C.; the Library of The American Museum of Natural History, New York; Harvard University Library, and the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts; the Library of the Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts; University of Michigan Library at Ann Arbor; University of Illinois Library, Urbana, Illinois; and the Library of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. DIVISION OF PRINTING An exceptionally large amount of work on Museum publications was handled by the Division of Printing during 1935. This heavy production was facilitated by the fact that, in addition to the regular force of the Division, there were compositors, monotype operators, pressmen, binders, assistants in proofreading, and other helpers furnished during the greater part of the year by the Illinois Emergency Relief Commission and the federal Works Progress Administration. The number of these helpers varied at different periods, ranging from five to twenty-five. In the regular Museum publication series there were issued fifteen new numbers requiring an aggregate of 992 pages of type composition. Of these, 16,876 copies were printed. Seven of these publications were in the Zoological Series, six in the Geological Series, one in the Anthropological Series, and one was the Annual Report of the Director for 1934. In addition, 790 copies were printed of a 24-page index for Volume XVIII of the Zoological Series. Miscellaneous additional publications include a revised edition of 10,069 copies of the General Guide (44 pages); a revised edition of the Handbook of Field Museum (68 pages) in which 3,084 copies were printed; and an additional volume, quarto size, in the Museum’s Anthropological Memoirs Series, this last being a 474-page book of which 698 copies were produced. The total number of exhibition labels printed for all Departments of the Museum was 11,436. Other miscellaneous work brought the total number of impressions for the year to an aggregate of 353,341. Following is a detailed list of the publications: PUBLICATION SERIES 335.—Zoological Series, Vol. XVIII, No. 12. New Fishes Obtained by the Crane Pacific Expedition. By Albert W. Herre. February 15, 1935. 58 pages, 3 zinc etchings. Edition 749. 368 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X 336.—Report Series, Vol. X, No. 2. Annual Report of the Director for the Year 1934. January, 1935. 144 pages, 12 photogravures. Edition 5,550. 337.—Zoological Series, Vol. XX, No. 8. A New Crocodile from the Philippine Islands. By Karl P. Schmidt. May 15, 1935. 4 pages, 1 text figure. Edition 807. 338.—Zoological Series, Vol. XX, No. 9. Notes on the Breeding Behavior of Lizards. By Karl P. Schmidt. May 15, 1935. 6 pages, 3 text figures. Edition 829. 339.—Zoological Series, Vol. XX, No. 10. A New Skink from Mexico. By Edward H. Taylor. May 15, 19385. 4 pages, 1 text figure. Edition 838. 340.—Zoological Series, Vol. XX, No. 11. New Mammals from Guatemala and Honduras. By Colin C. Sanborn. May 15, 1935. 6 pages. Edition 846. 341.—Geological Series, Vol. VI, No. 9. A New Silurian Phyllopodous Crustacean. By Sharat K. Roy. May 15, 1935. 6 pages, 1 text figure. Edition 839. 342.—Geological Series, Vol. VI, No. 10. A New Niagaran Conularia. By Sharat K. Roy. May 15, 1935. 8 pages, 3 text figures. Edition 835. 343.—Geological Series, Vol. VI, No. 11. Description of a Silurian Phyllopod Mandible with Related Notes. By Sharat K. Roy. May 15, 1935. 6 pages, 1 text figure. Edition 849. 344.—Geological Series, Vol. VI, No. 12. A New Argyrohippus from the Deseado Beds of Patagonia. By Bryan Patterson. May 15, 19385. 6 pages, 2 text figures. Edition 845. 345.—Zoological Series, Vol. XX, No. 12. A New Generic and Family Position for Bufo Borbonica. By D. Dwight Davis. May 15, 1985. 6 pages, 1 text figure. Edition 858. 346.—Anthropological Series, Vol. XXI, No. 3. Culture Areas of Nigeria. By Wilfrid D. Hambly. June 14, 1935. 140 pages, 68 photogravures, 1 map. Edition 665. 347.—Zoological Series, Vol. XIII, Part VIII. Catalogue of Birds of the Americas. By Charles E. Hellmayr. September 16, 1935. 542 pages. Edition 790. 348.—Geological Series, Vol. VI, No. 138. A Skeleton of Astrapotherium. By Elmer S. Riggs. October 30, 1935. 12 pages, 1 photogravure, 3 zinc etchings. Edition 798. 349.— Geological Series, Vol. VI, No. 14. The Question of Living Bacteria in Stony Meteorites. By Sharat K. Roy, with preface by N. Paul Hudson. December 5, 1935. 20 pages, 4 text figures. Edition 793. Zoological Series. Index for Vol. XVIII. September 16, 1935. 24 pages. Edition 790. MEMOIR SERIES Anthropology, Vol. IV. Arabs of Central Iraq—Their History, Ethnology, and Physical Characters. By Henry Field, with introduction by Sir Arthur Keith. 1935. 474 pages, 156 photogravures, 48 text figures, 3 maps. Edition 698. GUIDE SERIES General Guide to Exhibits of Field Museum. Seventeenth edition. 1935. 42 pages, 3 zine etchings, 1 photogravure (cover). Edition 10,069. HANDBOOK SERIES Handbook. General information concerning the Museum, its history, building, exhibits, expeditions and activities. Fifth edition. July, 1935. 68 pages, 8 halftones. Edition 3,084. : DIVISIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION A total of 35,105 negatives, prints, photographic enlargements, lantern slides, transparent exhibition labels, etc., was produced in the Division of Photography. While the majority of these were JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 369 for the use of the Museum’s various Departments and Divisions, this number includes also 329 prints and enlargements and 74 stereopticon slides made for sale on orders received from the public. The Division has had the assistance through the greater part of the year of from four to five relief workers assigned by the Illinois Emergency Relief Commission and the federal Works Progress Administration. Three of these were professional photographers, who were responsible for producing 22,010 of a total of 32,000 prints made during the year, the balance being made by the regular staff of the Division. All those made by the relief workers were prints of type specimens of plants for the Herbarium, from negatives received from Assistant Curator J. Francis Macbride, who is in Europe on a special assignment for the Department of Botany. The other relief workers performed very important clerical work, principally in connection with the cataloguing of the enormous negative collection, now numbering more than 85,000 negatives. About 7,550 index cards were written and filed in this work, and approximately the same number of negatives and jackets were also numbered and filed correspondingly. Labeling and refiling involved about 35,000 operations, and various other routine tasks were handled. Because of reduced needs for photogravure work during 1935 as compared with recent years, the total number of prints produced for the illustration of publications and leaflets, headings of posters, covers of various published works, and picture post cards was only 194,750. In 1934 the number was 578,820. However, the staff of the Division of Photogravure was fully occupied, approximately half of the working time during the year being devoted to type composition work in the Division of Printing. The Museum Illustrator performed a wide variety of work, completing 795 orders to fulfill needs of the institution’s various Departments and Divisions. These included 381 drawings, the coloring of 225 lantern slides, and miscellaneous items involving lettering, retouching, map-making, etc. A task of unusual di- mensions was that of retouching features of the large model of the moon exhibited in Clarence Buckingham Hall (Hall 35). DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS Continuing the generous distribution of its publications among the institutions with which exchange relations are maintained, Field Museum extended this far-reaching means of disseminating the 370 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X research writings of its scientific staff by adding twenty-one new names to the lists for these exchanges. During the last year 10,591 copies of scientific publications and 168 of leaflets were sent to the libraries, institutions, and scientists on the Museum mailing lists; also, 3,882 copies of the Annual Report of the Director for the year 1984 were sent to Members of the Museum. Sales for the year totaled 1,683 scientific publications, 7,119 leaflets, and 8,405 miscellaneous publications and pamphlets such as guides, handbooks, and memoirs. Twelve large boxes containing 1,887 individually addressed packages of publications were shipped to Washington, D.C., for distribution in foreign countries through the exchange bureau of the Smithsonian Institution; and grateful acknowledgment is made of that institution’s courtesy and cooperation. For future sales and other distributions, 20,901 copies of the various publications issued during 1935 were wrapped in 321 pack- ages, labeled, and stored in the stock room. Reprints, issued late in 1934, of two leaflets, semi-popular in character, were placed on sale in 1985. They are Neanderthal (Mousterian) Man and The Truth about Snake Stories, the first editions of which were published in 1929. The leaflets The Races of Mankind and Prehistoric Man con- tinued to be much in demand, about 800 copies of each having been sold in this, their third, year. Sales totaling more than 1,000 copies were made of several books issued by outside publishers and handled by the Museum on con- signment. They pertain to natural history, are written in popular style, and the authors of some of them are members of the Museum Staff. General clerical service of value to the Division was received dur- ing the year from one helper assigned by the Illinois Emergency Relief Commission during most of the period from January to Sep- tember, and by the federal Works Progress Administration from the middle of October to the end of the year. To some extent these services were shared by the Division of Public Relations. POST CARDS The total number of picture post cards sold during 1935 was 72,300. Of these, 16,929 were grouped into 1,161 of the packaged sets which are prepared for the convenience of the public. This total represents a decrease in the volume of sales of both individual JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR atk: cards and sets of cards, undoubtedly attributable to the decrease in attendance. Six zoological views were added to the individual post card assortment. DIVISION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS Continuation of the Museum’s regular publicity campaign, in which information is dispatched several times a week to the daily press, resulted, as in other years, in bringing public attention to the institution’s activities through the columns of the newspapers of Chicago and elsewhere. Cordial cooperation was extended to the Museum not only by the newspapers but also by the news distributing agencies which serve the press nationally and internationally. Space was given not only to news from the Museum, but also to feature stories of a nature consistent with the institution’s primary aim of spreading and inter- preting scientific knowledge to the largest possible number of persons. Through the Division of Public Relations, press releases averag- ing five a week, have been prepared and distributed to the news- papers, news services, radio stations, and other publicity channels. In addition to these articles, many photographs of Museum exhibits were published both in Chicago and in the papers of other cities throughout the United States. The more important articles and pictures frequently appeared also in foreign publications. As in past years, editors often assigned members of their own staffs to prepare special articles and pictures by means of which the Museum received additional publicity, while laudatory comments on the value of the work done by the Museum occasionally appeared in editorial columns as well as on news pages. The monthly bulletin, Field Museum News, completed its sixth year and volume of publication. The distribution schedule has been maintained on a basis to assure its delivery to all Members of the Mu- seum promptly at the beginning of each month. In each issue the aim has been to include diversified articles and pictures which would be of interest to all of the several thousand readers. Besides its distribution to Members, the News is circulated to other scientific institutions as an exchange, and to newspapers and magazines which by quoting or reprinting articles from it thus increase the general publicity received by the Museum. Gratitude is due to various organizations which continued in 1935, as in past years, to place various advertising media at the disposal of the Museum without charge. Through the courtesy of 372 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X the Illinois Central System and the Chicago and North Western Railway, the Museum was again permitted to display placards at city and suburban stations announcing the spring and autumn lecture courses. Lecture posters appeared likewise in schools, libraries, department stores, hotels, clubs, and other public places through the courtesy of the various authorities in charge of these. Folders containing information about the Museum were distributed through many of these same organizations, and also through local, interurban and interstate transportation companies. Radio stations and broadcasting networks also have cooperated by giving notice to the Museum and its activities. In addition to newspaper publicity and Freld Musewm News, the Division of Public Relations was responsible for editorial functions in connection with certain of the Museum’s published matter, and for the preparation of various special reports and articles either for internal use or outside publication in magazines and books, as well as for a large volume of correspondence and other detail. Invitations to visit the Museum, and descriptive folders, were sent to the chairmen of nearly 400 conventions held in Chicago. The Division has received, jointly with the Division of Publica- tions, clerical services from one relief worker, assigned in the earlier part of the year by the Illinois Emergency Relief Commission, and later by the federal Works Progress Administration. For the third year the Consolidated Press Clipping Bureaus of Chicago generously furnished the Museum with a limited press clip- ping service for which no charge was made, and to them grateful acknowledgment is herewith made. DIVISION OF MEMBERSHIPS The total number of Museum memberships on record as of December 31, 1935, was 4,148, as compared with 4,142 at the end of 1934. While this would seem to represent a static condition, it is actually significant of great improvement since it makes 1935 the first year since 1930 to end without a loss in membership. De- clines ranging from 57 in 1934 to as high as 819 in 1932 had occurred in each of the four preceding years. This would seem to justify a hope that 1936 may bring the beginning of an increase in the number of Museum Members. Most gratifying is this evidence of the loyal support of the institution by its Members, and an expression of appreciation is due to all who have continued their association with the Museum. AZIS [WN}JOV YAXIS-8UO AUOLSIH TVYUNLYN JO WNHSNAW AIA AO NOISNGLXa TOOHOS OITa&Nd SINUVH “MN FHL AG ODVOIHO JO STOOHOS FHL OL CHNVOT ASVO AO WdAL pu PUNOsw apeYys sayUP w jo YIDIIM v Umoug YIpM papyrads ..0.:.)........0. $ 95,000.00 $105,000.00 OE PEO SGT) Par 8 AR 10,000.00 Balance payable December 31............. $ 95,000.00 $ 95,000.00 THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION 1935 1934 Income from Endowment................. $15,684.04 $19,427.71 SOMPPALING CEXPCNSES. >. c i.e ce cewanccen 17,590.04 17,654.81 Decemberta Le Ses Deficit $ 1,906.00 Balance $ 1,772.90 376 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X LIST OF ACCESSIONS DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR PERSIAN ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY, New Yerk: 1 pottery jar, 6 Sasanian pottery figurines and 1 pottery head—Kish, Iraq (gift). ANDRAU, Dr. E. W., Houston, Texas: 2 basalt blocks with Safaitic inscrip- tions—north of Qasr Burqu’, Trans- Jordan (gift). ANONYMOUS (through H. S. Mori, Chicago): 1 mortuary clay dancing figure, hand decorated, T‘ang dynasty (A.D. 618-907)—China (gift). BELDEN, JOSEPH C., Chicago: 1 shrunken human head—Jivaro, Ecua- dor (gift). BERKSON, Mr. and Mrs. MAURICE, Highland Park, Illinois: 1 tom-tom, 1 pair of stirring-spoons, 1 child’s bench, 1 clothes paddle, 1 hair comb, 1 hat, and 1 case—Djukas, Paramaribo, Suri- nam Province, Dutch Guiana (gift). BREUIL, ABBE HENRI, and PERE DE CHARDIN, Paris, France: 282 quartzite, flint, and obsidian implements—Porcu- pine Cave near Dire Dawa, Ethiopia (gift). Burr, Dr. E. E., Chicago: 2 colored anatomical models of a human head dissected to show muscles, and struc- tures of bones (gift). FIELD, HENRY, Chicago: 1 rabeyba; 33 ethnological objects including wooden ladles, pipes, tongs, tea strainers, flutes, toys, shoes, ete.— Kurdistan; 7 Nestorian ethnological ob- jects—Tell Kaif; 20 ethnological objects including fishing equipment, baskets, bags, ete——Marsh Arabs; 12 ethno- logical objects, and 1 bottle of brown kohl and 1 of black—Syria; 6 basalt blocks with Safaitic inscriptions—near Station H—5, Iraq Petroleum Company, Trans-Jordan (gift). GLADWIN, HAROLD §S., Gila Pueblo, Globe, Arizona: about 86 potsherds illustrating Cibola branch of pottery classifieation as worked out by Mr. Gladwin—Arizona and New Mexico (gift); 18 pieces of prehistoric pueblo pottery—Arizona and New Mexico (exchange). GROSSMAN, E. C., Chicago: 2 shrunken human heads, male and female —Lima, Peru (gift). INSTITUTE FOR HISTORY OF Ma- TERIAL CULTURES, UKRAINIAN ACADE- MY OF SCIENCES, Kiev, Ukraine, Union of Soviet Socialistic Republics: 181 pa- leolithic implements—Ukraine, U.S.S.R. (exchange). KEEP, CHAUNCEY, ESTATE OF, Chi- cago: bronze head of a Beduin (gift). LARIMER, MrS. ROBERT S., Evans- ton, Illinois: 1 puppet-doll, probably of Hopi Indians—southwestern United States (gift). MARTIN, MIss JULIA T., Chicago: 1 small grass basket—Sitka, Alaska; 1 birch bark needle case—Ojibway camp near Grand Rapids, Michigan (gift). Morris, EARL H., Boulder, Colorado: 9 pieces of prehistoric pottery—near mouth of La Plata River, New Mexico (exchange). MuSEES ROYAUX D’ART ET D’HIs- TOIRE, Brussels, Belgium: 7 masks, 2 statuettes, 4 mats and 4 combs from Bakuba, Bassonge, Bafende, etc., tribes —southwest Congo, Africa (exchange). RIDDELL, L. H., El Castillo, Arcos de la Frontera, Spain: 6 mounted prints of reconstructed prehistoric scenes drawn by Mr. Riddell—Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic, Pyrenees district and south- western France (gift). ROBBINS, Miss ALICE B., Chicago: 1 lady’s coat, late Ch‘ng dynasty— China (gift). SAN DIEGO MusEUM (collected by Malcolm J. Rogers), San Diego, Cali- fornia: 53 stone artifacts representing Pacific Coast cultures—San Diego region, California (exchange). STATE MUSEUM OF ANTHROPOLOGY, Moscow, Union of Soviet Socialistic Republics: 2 skulls—U.S.S.R.(?) (gift). WALTER, ELLERY, ESTATE OF, Chi- cago: 1 bamboo quiver with bow, 2 trident fish-spears, and 5 long-shafted arrows—southeastern Asia (7?) (gift). JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 377 DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY—ACCESSIONS ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: 398 speci- mens of plants (exchange). AELLEN, Dr. PAUL, Basel, Switzer- land: 410 specimens of European plants (exchange). ARMSTRONG CORK COMPANY, Lan- easter, Pennsylvania: 10 samples of cork, 1 photograph (gift). ARNOLD ARBORETUM, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts: 699 specimens of plants (exchange). BAEHNI, DR. CHARLES, Geneva, Switzerland: 5 plant specimens (gift). BAILEY, Dr. LiBerTy H., Ithaca, New York: 105 photographs (exchange). BEBB, HERBERT, Chicago: 3 plant specimens (gift). BENKE, HERMANN C., Chicago: 216 specimens of plants; cut and photo- graph of Kentucky coffee tree (gift). BoA, Miss ESTHER, Gary, Indiana: 1 photograph (gift). BRACELIN, Mrs. H. P., Berkeley, California: 9 specimens of California plants (gift). Bravo H., PRoFESSOR HELIA, Mex- ico City, Mexico: 1 plant specimen (gift). BUCKNER, FRANKLIN, Bluffton, Indi- ana: 1 plant specimen (gift). BuHL, CARL, JR., Chicago: 897 speci- mens of plants (gift). CABRERA, PROFESSOR ANGEL L., La Plata, Argentina: 21 plant specimens (exchange). CALDERON, Dr. SALVADOR, San Sal- vador, Salvador: 5 plant specimens (gift). CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, San Francisco, California: 224 speci- mens of plants (exchange). CARDENAS, Dr. MARTIN, Potosi, Bo- livia: 300 specimens of plants (gift). CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHING- TON, D.C., station at Stanford Univer- sity, California: 87 specimens of plants (exchange). CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA, Washington, D.C: 211 specimens of plants (exchange). CHAMBERLAIN, PROFESSOR CHARLES J., Chicago: 1 photograph (gift). CHAPMAN, DR. FRANK M.., Frijoles, Canal Zone: 1 plant specimen (gift). CHERMONT, DR. BENTO, Belem, Para, Brazil: 1 plant specimen (gift). CHRISTOPHERSON, DR. ERLING, Oslo, Norway: 2 plant specimens (gift). CHRYSLER, PROFESSOR MINTIN A., New Brunswick, New Jersey: 5 plant specimens (gift). CLOKEY, IRA W., South Pasadena, California: 225 plant specimens (ex- change). CONSERVATOIRE BOTANIQUE, Geneva, Switzerland: 2,110 specimens of plants (exchange). CORNELL UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT OF BoTANY, Ithaca, New York: 86 plant specimens (exchange). DAHLGREN, Dr. B. E., Chicago: 1 plant specimen (gift). Davis, Mrs. O. W., Los Angeles, California: 1 plant specimen (gift). DEAM, CHARLES C., Blufiton, Indi- ana: 7 plant specimens (gift). DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, Pre- toria, South Africa: 50 specimens of plants (exchange). DrE Pauw UNIVERSITY, Greencastle, Indiana: 223 plant specimens (ex- change). DOOLITTLE, Mrs. HAROLD M., One- kama, Michigan: 1 plant specimen (gift). DuckE, Dr. ADOLPHO, Rio de Ja- neiro, Brazil: 48 plant specimens (gift). DUGAND G., ARMANDO, Barranquilla, Colombia: 1 plant specimen (gift). DurRHAM, O. C., Chicago: 2 plant specimens (gift). EASTMAN-GARDINER HARDWOOD ComPANY, Laurel, Mississippi: 2 boards of sycamore (gift). EIFRIG, PROFESSOR G., River Forest, Illinois: 152 plant specimens (gift). Eis, REV. BROTHER, Barranquilla, Colombia: 115 plant specimens (gift). ELLIS, MIsS CHARLOTTE C., Denver, Colorado: 1 plant specimen (gift). 378 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X ELSON, Mrs. E. D., Las Esperanzas, Coahuila, Mexico: 1 plant specimen (gift). FIELD, HENRY, Chicago: 250 speci- mens of plants (gift). FIELD COMPANY, WALTER, Chicago: 1 specimen of lace bark (gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY: Collected by Karl P. Schmidt (Leon Mandel Guatemala Expedition of Field Museum): 28 plant specimens. Transferred from the Division of Photography: 6,113 photographic prints. Purchases: 300 plant specimens— Peru; 80 specimens of plants—Vene- zuela; 966 specimens of plants—Brazil. FISHER, GEORGE L., Houston, Texas: 89 plant specimens (gift); 168 plant specimens (exchange). FLORES, Dr. ROMAN S., Progreso, Yucatan, Mexico: 44 plant specimens, 6 wood samples, 2 photographs (gift). FLORIST’S PUBLISHING COMPANY, Chicago: 3 specimens of plants (gift). FoRRER, H., Chicago: 7 plant speci- mens (gift). FRITZ, PROFESSOR EMANUEL, Berke- ley, California: 6 range maps of western trees; 1 bundle of miniature shingles (gift). GARRETT, PROFESSOR ARTHUR O., Salt Lake City, Utah: 175 plant speci- mens (gift). GENTRY, HOWARD ScoTT, Westmore- land, California: 500 specimens of plants (gift). GARFIELD PARK CONSERVATORY, Chi- cago: 8 plant specimens (gift). GRAHAM, Dr. V. O., Chicago: 1 plant specimen (gift). GRAVES, PROFESSOR G. W., Fresno, California: Araucaria cones (gift). GRAY HERBARIUM, Cambridge, Mass- achusetts: 150 specimens of plants, 101 photographic prints (exchange). GREEN, BURDETT, Chicago: 1 plant specimen (gift). GRONEMANN, CARL F., Elgin, Illinois: 1 plant specimen (gift). GUERRA, J. GUTIERREZ, New York: plant bulbs (gift). HAUBERG, MISS CATHERINE D., Rock Island, Illinois: 5 specimens of plants (gift). HAYNIE, Miss NELLIE V., Oak Park, Illinois: 3 plant specimens (gift). HERMANN, PROFESSOR F. J., Ann Arbor, Michigan: 266 plant specimens (gift); 60 plant specimens (exchange). HERZFELD, PROFESSOR ERNST, Perse- polis, Iran: 85 herbarium specimens (gift). HEWETSON, WILLIAM T., Freeport, Illinois: 18 plant specimens; 1 water color painting (gift). Hoover, Bruce L., Chicago: 21 panels of Mexican hardwoods (gift). HULL, EDWIN D., Gary, Indiana: 1 plant specimen (gift). HUTCHINSON, Mrs. C. L., Lake Geneva, Wisconsin: 1 plant specimen (gift). Hyers, MisS MABEL, Chicago: 1 plant specimen (gift). INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA, Mexico City, Mexico: 2 plant specimens (gift). IRAQ PETROLEUM COMPANY, LTD., Haifa, Palestine: 102 plant specimens (gift). JACCARD, PROFESSOR PAUL, Zurich, Switzerland: 22 samples of European woods (exchange). JOHNSON, S. C. AND SONS, INC., Racine, Wisconsin: 375 plant specimens. KIRSCH, MYRON R., Chicago: 1 piant specimen (gift). KRuUKOFF, B. A., New York: 25 samples of fruits (gift). LANKESTER, C. H., Cartago, Costa Rica: 4 plant specimens (gift). LAWRANCE, ALEXANDER E., Bogota, Colombia: 28 plant specimens (gift). LAZAR, YUSUF, Bagdad, Iraq: 575 specimens of plants (gift). Mexia, Mrs. YNES, Berkeley, Cali- fornia: 117 specimens of plants (gift). MILLE, REV. FATHER LUIS, Guaya- quil, Ecuador: 10 plant specimens (gift). Moore, O. G., Brownsboro, Ala- bama: 1 specimen of blue poplar (gift). JAN. 1936 MUSEO ARGENTINO DE CIENCIAS NATURALES, Buenos Aires, Argentina: 15 specimens of plants (exchange). MusEO DE LA PuatTa, La Plata, Argentina: 65 specimens of plants (exchange). MuSsEO NACIONAL, San José, Costa Rica: 1 plant specimen (gift). MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY, Chicago: 15 wood samples (gift). NATURHISTORISKA RIKSMUSEET, Stockholm, Sweden: 490 plant speci- mens (exchange). NEw YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, Bronx Park, New York: 2,953 speci- mens of plants (exchange). ORTEGA, JESUS G., Mazatlan, Mex- ico: 5 plant specimens (gift). OSTERHOUT, GEORGE E., Windsor, Colorado: i plant specimen (gift). PARENTE, Dr. ESMERINO GOMES, Fortaleza, Cear4, Brazil: 33 plant speci- mens. ParopI, Dr. LORENZO R., Buenos rhs Argentina: 19 specimens of plants gift). PEATTIE, DONALD C., Chicago: 657 specimens of plants (gift). POTLATCH FORESTS, INC., Potlatch, Idaho: 2 specimens of Idaho white pine (gift). Purpus, Dr. C. A., Zacuapam, Mexi- co: 68 plant specimens (gift). RHOADES, WILLIAM, Indianapolis, Indiana: 26 specimens of plants (gift). ROBINSON, E. R., Chicago: 1 plant specimen (gift). RoyAL BOTANIC GARDENS, Kew, Surrey, England: 305 specimens of plants (exchange). RUSTAM EXPERIMENTAL FARM, Bag- dad, Iraq: 15 plant specimens (gift). ScHIPP, WILLIAM A., Belize, British Honduras: 77 plant specimens (gift). SCHMOLL, DR. HAZEL, Chicago: 15 specimens of Colorado plants (gift). SHERFF, DR. EARL E., Chicago: 185 plant specimens (gift). SMITH, Mrs. R. K., Pyengyang, Chosen: 82 plant specimens (gift). Sosa, H. D., Panama City, Panama: 4 plant specimens (gift). ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 379 STANDLEY, PAUL C., Chicago: 20 plant specimens (gift). STANFORD UNIVERSITY, LELAND, (Dudley Herbarium), California: 696 specimens of plants (exchange). SumMERHAYS, W. A., Memphis, Ten- nessee: 1 pine board (gift). Turop, RALPH, Greensburg, Indiana: nuts of peanut walnut (gift). Tryon, R. M., JR., Chicago: 41 specimens of Indiana plants (gift). UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, station at Oroville, Cali- fornia: branches of cork oak (gift). UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, DIVISION OF MyYCOLO- Gy, Washington, D.C.: 1 photograph (gift). UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, Washington, D.C.: 248 plant speci- mens (exchange). UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DE- PARTMENT OF BOTANY, Berkeley, Cali- fornia: 395 plant specimens (exchange). UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, DEPART- MENT OF BoTANy, Ann Arbor, Mich- igan: 469 plant specimens (exchange). UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, DE- PARTMENT OF BOTANY, Philadelphia: 255 plant specimens (exchange). UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN, DEPART- MENT OF BoTANY, Madison, Wisconsin: 84 specimens of plants (exchange). VALERIO, PROFESSOR MANUEL, San José, Costa Rica: 416 specimens of plants (gift). WILKINS, Miss RuTH C., Michigan City, Indiana: 1 plant specimen (gift). WILLIAMS, LLEWELYN, Chicago: 2 plant specimens (gift). WISCONSIN LAND AND LUMBER COM- PANY, Hermansville, Michigan: 1 tama- rack board (gift). WorTHINGTON, Dr. H. C., Oak Forest, Illinois: 1 plant specimen (gift). YALE UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF Forestry, New Haven, Connecticut: 1 wood, 542 plant specimens (gift). Yor, PAu. J., and RALPH R. THOMAS, Mount Morris, Illinois: 1 fungus speci- men (gift). 380 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X ZETEK, JAMES, Balboa, Canal Zone: 22 plant specimens (gift). ZINGG, ROBERT M.., Chicago: 21 plant specimens (gift). DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY—ACCESSIONS ACKERMAN, CHARLES N., Chicago: 2 specimens fossil cones; 1 specimen vivi- anite on clay—Grass Lake, [Illinois (gift). AMERICAN DOUCIL COMPANY, Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania: 2 specimens doucil (gift). AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL History, New York: Skull and jaw of Megalocrinus rodens—Ciego Montero, Cuba (exchange). ANDREWS, ANDREW, Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada: 1 specimen zinc-lead- silver ore—Field, British Columbia (gift). BRYANT, EDWARD R., Princeton, Illi- nois: 1 pseudo-meteorite—Princeton, Illinois (gift). EDWARDS, STAFFORD C., Colton, Cali- fornia: 3 concretions—Signal Mountain, Salton Sink, California (gift). FABER, EDWIN B., Grand Junction, Colorado: 1 Uintathere tooth—Palisade, Colorado (rift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURALHISTORY: Collected by Henry Field (Field Mu- seum Anthropological Expedition to the Near East, 1934): 939 specimens rocks and minerals; 190 specimens inverte- bate fossils—Iraq and Trans-Jor- an. Collected by Julius Friesser (Han- cock—Wegeforth Expedition to Guad- alupe): 4 specimens rocks—Guadalupe. Collected by Henry W. Nichols: 2 specimens botryoidal sulphur on tufa— Alberta, Canada. Collected by Sharat K. Roy (Raw- son—MacMillan Subarctic Expedition of Field Museum, 1927-28): 88 specimens rocks; 15 specimens ores—Newfound- land and Labrador. FIELD, STANLEY, Chicago: 1 specimen glauconite—New Jersey (gift). GARNER, KENNETH, San Bernardino, California: 2 spiral concretions—Im- perial Valley, California; 5 photographs of concretions (gift). GRAVES, PROFESSOR G. W., Fresno, California: 3 cones of Araucaria— Fresno, California (gift). HAWES, GEORGE H., Chicago: 1 fossil cephalopod—Illinois (gift). ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Urbana, Illinois: 1 specimen nova- culite—Alexander County, Illinois; 3 specimens of vitrain, clarain and fusain—Franklin County, Illinois (gift). INNES SPEIDEN COMPANY, Chicago: 1 specimen silica; 2 specimens ground silica; 1 trilobite—Union County, Illi- nois (gift). LIPMAN, ROBERT R., Chicago: 1 crystal of pyrite—Gunnison County, Colorado (gift). MANNING, JAMES, Chicago: 1 speci- men cassiterite—near Cordova, Alaska (gift). MeEyeErS, ALICE C., Santa Fe, New Mexico: 1 specimen halloysite—New Mexico; 1 specimen vitrified clay—Nan- king, China (gift). McKINLEY, WILLIAM, Peoria, IIli- nois: 1 concretion of calcite—Death Valley, California (gift). NININGER, PROFESSOR H. H., Den- ver, Colorado: etched slice of Central Wyoming meteorite; polished slice of Hobbs, New Mexico, meteorite; 1 speci- men Pasamonte, New Mexico, meteor- ite; 1 specimen Roy, New Mexico, . meteorite; 4 photographs of Bruno, Saskatchewan, Canada, meteorite (ex- change). NORTON COMPANY, THE, Worcester, Massachusetts; 1 specimen boron car- bide; 5 specimens norbide—Niagara Falls, New York (gift). OLIVER, ELIZABETH, River Forest, Illinois: 1 specimen pisolite—Braid- wood, Illinois; 4 specimens minerals; 3 concretions—Paxton, Michigan (gift). OcakI, K., Fu-shun, Manchukuo: 1 cabochon-cut amber with insect; 26 specimens fossil leaves; 1 fragment fossil turtle—Manchukuo (gift). ORDWAY, CHARLES A., Chicago: 2 specimens iron ore—Idaho (gift). JAN. 1936 PHILADELPHIA QUARTZ COMPANY, Chicago: 14 specimens silicate of soda and material from which it is made (gift). QUINN, JAMES, Chicago: 1 specimen diatomite—Nebraska (gift). RENSHAW, JOHN A., Arcadia, Cali- fornia: 1 specimen iridescent agate— near Antelope, Oregon (exchange). RYDBERG, HAROLD, Sarasota, Flori- da: 2 teeth of Charcharodon—Sarasota, Florida (gift). SEYMouR, Dr. T. F., Mishawaka, Indiana: 1 specimen foliated tale— Huntington, Ontario (gift). SITTERLE, A. F., Chicago: 1 double concretion—Texas (gift). STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF INDIANA, Chicago: 84 specimens candles; 52 speci- mens illustrating candle manufacture; 15 dozen birthday candles; 5 pounds parawax; 1 specimen belt dressing; 1 specimen dressed leather; 1 telephone condenser— Whiting, Indiana (gift). STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF NEW JERSEY, New York: 15 specimens con- taining vertebrate fossils; 3 specimens vertebrate fossils—Argentina (gift). SULLIVAN, A. H., St. Louis, Missouri: 1 fossil fish (gift). ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 381 THOMAS, FRANK L., Bremen, Indiana: 1 native copper glacial boulder—Mar- shall county, Indiana (gift). UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, Washington, D.C.: 2 skeletons and 2 skulls of Plesippus—Snake River Valley, Hagerman, Idaho (exchange). VERNON, HAROLD, Calgary, Alberta, Canada: 19 specimens trilobites; 1 specimen brachiopod—Alberta, Canada (gift). VON DRASEK, FRANK, Cicero, Illinois: 9 quartz crystals; 1 cabochon-cut quartz; 1 cabochon-cut amethyst— Magnet Cove, Arkansas (gift). WALTHER, HERBERT C., Chicago: 1 specimen pyrite crystals; 7 specimens fossil fern leaves—Galena and Braid- wood, Illinois (gift). WRIGHT, CHARLES, Chicago: 1 speci- men Lepidodendron—Clinton County, Pennsylvania (gift). WEsT COAST MINERAL ASSOCIATION, Seattle, Washington: 9 specimens ore —Washington (gift). WoopHousE, C. D., East Hampton, Long Island, New York: 1 specimen augelite—California; 1 specimen du- mortierite—Nevada (gift); 1 specimen euhedral dumortierite; 1 specimen crys- talline dumortierite—Oreana, Nevada (exchange). DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY—ACCESSIONS ABEL, RUSSELL, Kwato, Samarai, New Guinea: 1 snake eel—Kwato, Samarai, New Guinea (gift). ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: 7 insects —various localities (exchange). AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL History, New York: 17 bats—Africa and South America (exchange). ANONYMOUS: I partial-albino English sparrow—lllinois (gift). AUBERT, OTTO, Webster, Wisconsin: 1 porcupine skeleton—Webster, Wis- consin (gift). BAIRD, CHARLES, Chicago: 1 rail skeleton—Chicago (gift). BecuHarRA, Dr. A., Station 4, Iraq Petroleum Company, Syria: 3 bird skins —Syria (gift). BECKER, ROBERT, Lake Bluff, Illi- nois: 1 beetle—St. Ignace, Michigan (gift). BELCHER, SIR CHARLES, Port of Spain, Trinidad: 1 bird skin—British Guiana (gift). BENESH, BERNARD, North Chicago, Illinois: 36 beetles—United States (gift). Biaes, Rev. H. E. J., Kerman, Iran: 32 shells, 21 beetles—Iran (exchange). BLAIR, ALBERT P., Tulsa, Oklahoma: 3 frogs—Tulsa, Oklahoma (exchange). BLAKE, EMMET R., Chicago: 1 bird skin—Chicago (gift). BONATI, EUGENE, Teheran, Iran: 3 scorpions, 3 solpugids—Teheran, Iran (gift). BOULTON, RUDYERD, Chicago: 3 bird skeletons—Florida (gift). 382 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTO- RY), London, England: 11 frogs—vari- ous localities (exchange). BROOKING, A. M., Hastings, Nebras- ka: 1 badger skin and skull—Hastings, Nebraska (exchange). BROWER, Dr. AUBURN E., Bar Har- bor, Maine: 2 butterflies—Maine (gift). BRUNDAGE, EDWARD J., Washington, Connecticut: 86 insects—Connecticut (gift). BuRNABY, Mrs. A. E., Leicestershire, England: 10 mammals, 4 English adders —England (gift). CARNEGIE MusEuM, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: 163 frogs, 54 lizards, 21 snakes—various localities (exchange). CARNEY, J. T., Marathon, Texas: 2 lizards, 2 rattlesnakes—Texas (gift). CASCARD, BEN, Chicago: 2 insects— Miller, Indiana (gift). CAZALY, PR. J.,. Haditha, Iraq: 2: lizard—Iraq (gift). CHASE, Dr. H. D., Tulsa, Oklahoma: 6 frogs—Tulsa, Oklahoma (exchange). CHICAGO PARK DISTRICT, Chicago: 1 polar bear skeleton (gift). CHICAGO ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Brookfield, Illinois: 9 mammals, 46 birds, including 10 emperor penguins, 60 bird skeletons, 30 lizards, 26 snakes, 2 turtles—various localities (gift). CuiLps, L. C., Hinsdale, Dlinois: 1 bufflehead duck—Lacon, Illinois (gift). CLEAVES, HowarpD, Staten Island, New York: 1 bobwhite—Neillsville, Wisconsin (gift). CoLomsBo MusrEumM, Colombo, Cey- lon: 5 turtles—(exchange). CONOVER, BOARDMAN, Chicago: 3 bird skins, 1 bird’s egg—various locali- ties (gift). COURSEN, C. BLaIR, Chicago: 2 frogs, 44 lizards—Key West, Florida (gift). CRAIG, WALLACE, Brookline, Massa- chusetts: the James Oregon Dunn origi- nal records and natural history notes, Chicago 1887-1907 (gift). Davis, D. DwicutT, Naperville, Dli- nois: 1 bat, 4 salamanders, 6 toads, 8 frogs, 6 snakes, 2 turtles, 1 spider, 1 cicada—various localities (gift); 2 sala- manders, 21 frogs—Foochow, China (exchange). DEKKER, J. H., Station T-1, Iraq Petroleum Company, Iraq: 1 fox skin and skeleton, 1 badger skin and skeleton —western Iraq (gift). DLUHY, EUGENE, Chicago: 4 beetles —United States (gift). DUBISCH, Roy, Chicago: 1 snake— Argo, Illinois (gift). DyYBAS, HENRY, Chicago: 4 beetles, 19 snakes—various localities (gift). EASTWOOD, AUSTIN, Bagdad, Iraq: 1 bear skeleton—Asia Minor (gift). EIGSTI, WILLIAM E.., Homewood, IIli- nois: 1 fox squirrel—Chicago Heights, Illinois (gift). EMERSON, DR. ALFRED E., Chicago: 17 bats, 1 caecilian, 8 frogs, 1 lizard, 7 snakes—Panama (gift). EXLINE, A. W., San José, Mindoro, Philippine Islands: 4 tamarao buffaloes, 1 gecko, 4 crocodile skulls, 1 beetle— Mindoro, Philippine Islands (gift). FIELD, HENRY, Chicago: 26 mam- mals, 4 boar skulls, 1 bird skin, 10 frogs, 81 lizards, 38 snakes, 1,020 insects and allies—Iraq (gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY: _ Collected by D. Dwight Davis: 14 insects—Kankakee County, Illinois. Collected by Henry Field and Rich- ard A. Martin (Field Museum Anthro- pological Expedition to the Near Hast, 1934): 4 mammal skeletons, 2 donkey skulls, 157 frogs and toads, 335 lizards, 76 snakes, 11 turtles, 51 fishes, 554 insects and allies, 8 shells, 5 leeches— Asia Minor. Collected by Albert J. Franzen: 23 insects—Hopkins Park, L[linois. Collected by Tappan Gregory and Colin C. Sanborn: 34 mammal skins and skulls, 1 mammal skin and skeleton, 20 mammal skeletons—Huron Moun- tain, Michigan. Collected by Edgar G. Laybourne: 1 toad, 20 lizards, 4 snakes, 1 turtle— Moffat County, Colorado. Transferred from Department of Anthropology: 7 fruit bat skulls—New Guinea and Philippines (gift). JAN. 1936 Transferred from Department of N. W. Harris Public School Extension: 1 weasel skull—Deerfield, Illinois (gift); 1 cardinal—Indiana (exchange). Purchases: 3 Weddell’s seal skins and skulls; 1 crab-eating seal skin and skull —Antarctic; 9 bats—Arizona; 83 mam- mal skins and skulls—Costa Rica; 2 bird skins—Cuba; 175 small mammals —Ecuador; 3 gopher frogs, 10 toads, 8 lizards, 5 snakes—Florida; 3 mammals, 1 pheasant—India; 10 salamanders— Korea; 185 mammal skins with 176 skulls—Cameroon, Africa; 2,558 bird skins, 3 narwhal skins and skeletons— various localities; 1 photograph of sala- mander model. FRANZEN, ALBERT J., Chicago: 1 badger skeleton—Wisconsin; 2 bird skins, 4 bird skeletons, 1 salamander skull, 11 insects—lllinois (gift). FRIESSER, JULIUS, Chicago: 1 snow leopard skull (part)—India; 3 mammal skulls, 1 turtle, 3 fishes, 1 moth—United States (gift). GENERAL BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY HOUSE, Chicago: 2 salamanders—Oporto, Por- tugal (gift). GERHARD, WILLIAM J., Chicago: 75 insects—Illinois and Indiana (gift). GESSWEIN, HERMAN, Chicago: 1 sala- mander—Guatemala (gift). GRANT, GORDON, Los Angeles, Cali- fornia: 8 toads, 27 lizards, 3 snakes, 25 top minnows, 102 land shells—Cali- fornia (gift). Hanson, H. C., Chicago: 1 painted turtle—Cary, Illinois (gift). HARRIS, Mrs. BARNETT, Evanston, Illinois: 62 insects—Zululand, Africa (gift). HERZFELD, PROFESSOR ERNST, Per- sepolis, Iran: 5 scorpions, 1 solpugid —Persepolis, Iran (gift). HEWITT, JOHN, Grahamstown, South Africa: 3 lizards—South Africa (gift). HIGHLAND PARK SCHOOL, Highland Park, Illinois: 3 bird skeletons—High- land Park, Illinois (gift). HILDEBRAND, R. D., Buncombe County, North Carolina: 1 wild turkey skin—Buncombe County, North Caro- lina; 4 Virginia quail—Wayne County, Mississippi (gift). ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 383 HINE, ASHLEY, Chicago: 1 mountain bluebird—Planada, California (ex- change). HODGSDON, DONALD B., Pochuta, Guatemala: 2 bird skins—Lake Atitlan, Guatemala (gift). Hopspon, Dr. L. A., Miami, Florida: ( tp. 5 frogs, 13 lizards—Bahamas gift). HOFFMAN, Dr. WILLIAM E., Canton, China: 8 turtles—south China (gift). HUIDEKOPER, WALLIS, Twodot, Mon- (ona) 2 wolf skins—North Dakota gift). ILLINOIS STATE NATURAL HISTORY SuRVEY, Urbana, Illinois: 2 earwigs— Texas (exchange). JENNINGS, JOHN F., Chicago: 1 ga- zelle skull—Niger Colony, Africa; 2 mammal skulls—Alaska (gift). JEWELL, DR. MINNA E., Harvey, Illinois: 12 fresh-water sponges—Wis- consin (gift). KELLOGG, JOHN P., Lake Forest, Illinois: 3 salamanders—Lebanon, Virginia (gift). KELLOGG, W. K., BIRD SANCTUARY, Kalamazoo, Michigan: 3 wild ducks— Kalamazoo, Michigan (gift). KENNEDY, DR. WALTER P., Bagdad, Iraq: 14 insects and allies—Bagdad, Iraq (gift). LAYBOURNE, EDGAR G., Homewood, Illinois: 5 mammal skins and 4 skulls, 4 bird skins—Colorado (gift). LAYBOURNE, MISS PHYLLIS, Home- wood, Illinois: 2 tree frogs—Dune Acres, Indiana (gift). LETL, FRANK H., Chicago: 1 owl skeleton—Hazelerest, Illinois; 4 box turtles, 2 seventeen-year cicadas—Sub- lette, Illinois (gift). LILJEBLAD, EMIL, Chicago: 27 in- sects—United States (gift). Liu, Dr. C. C., Soochow, China: 2 bats, 26 frogs, 7 lizards, 8 snakes, 2 turtles—Soochow, China (gift). LowRIE, DONALD C., Chicago: 8 beetles—Illinois and Indiana (gift). 384 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X MANASSEH, Dr. P. S., Haifa, Pales- tine: 1 snake—Iraq (gift). MEISNER, RICHARD W., Chicago: 1 pink katydid—Chicago (gift). MILLER, E. Morton, Coral Gables, Florida: 2 toads, 4 frogs, 4 snakes— Florida (gift). MooNnEY, JAMES, Highland Park, Illinois: 1 tree snake—Chicago (gift). Moyer, JOHN W., Chicago: 1 ring- necked pheasant—Barrington, Illinois (exchange). MURRAY, GEORGE, Eabaul, New Guinea: 1 lizard, 10 snakes—New Britain (gift). MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, Cambridge, Massachusetts: 310 bats— Canal Zone (gift); 6 salamanders, 21 frogs, 141 lizards, 31 snakes—Honduras; 6 bats—Africa and South America; 1 bat, 17 frogs, 3 lizards—Africa (ex- change). MUSEUM OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY, Berkeley, California: 9 bird skeletons— various localities (exchange). NECKER, WALTER L., Chicago: 52 salamanders, 3 toads, 2 snakes—Tur- key Run, Indiana; 1 bull snake—Kan- kakee County, Illinois (gift). NEITZEL, WILLIAM, Chicago: 1 tree frog, 1 milk snake, 2 beetles—Michigan and Arizona (gift). Norris, PROFESSOR H. W., Grinnell, Iowa: 1 shark, 7 samples of shark skins —Englewood, Florida (gift). Orr, Puit C., Chicago: 2 lizards— Barren County, Kentucky (gift). ORTENBURGER, Dr. A. I., Norman, Oklahoma: 1 musk turtle—Oklahoma (gift); 82 salamanders—Oklahoma (ex- change). Oscoop, Dr. WILFRED H., Chicago: 9 small mammals—Acapulco, Mexico (gift). PARK, DR. ORLANDO, Evanston, IIli- nois: 4 beetles—Illinois and Kentucky (gift). PATTERSON, BRYAN, Chicago: 2 bird skeletons—Homewood, Illinois (gift). PEARSALL, GORDON, River Forest, Illinois: 3 hoary bats—Maywood, Illi- nois (gift). PERKINS, H. E., Huron Mountain, Michigan: 1 bobcat— Marquette County, Michigan (gift). PERKINS, MARLIN R., St. Louis, Missouri: 13 snakes—Arkansas and Brazil (gift). PLATH, KARL, Chicago: 1 rose- breasted grosbeak, 6 bird skeletons— Chicago (gift); 1 bird (exchange). PRAY, LEON L., Homewood, Illinois: 2 oven-bird skins, 1 dragon-fly—Home- wood, Illinois (gift). QUINN, JAMES H., Chicago: 1 bat skeleton—Kentucky (gift). RAY, EUGENE, Urbana, Illinois: 1 (out) widow spider—Eddyville, Illinois gift). REYNOLDS, ALBERT E., Greencastle, Indiana: 11 salamanders—Putnam County, Indiana (gift). RICKARDS, A. R. M., Bagdad, Iraq: 1 solpugid—Bagdad, Iraq (gift). RUECKERT, ARTHUR G., Chicago: 1 parrakeet skeleton—Chicago (gift). St. MARy’s MISSION HOUSE, Techny, Illinois: 51 butterflies, 1 moth—New Guinea (exchange). SAKIN, SAM, Chicago: 5 snakes, 1 turtle—Chicago region (gift). SANBORN, COLIN C., Highland Park, Illinois: 1 white-winged scoter, 1 bird skeleton—Highland Park, Illinois; 7 snakes—Braeside, Illinois (gift). SCHAACK, EDWARD, Chicago: 2 mam- mals — Honduras; 1 snake — British Honduras (gift). SCHMIDT, DR. ERICH F., Rayy, Iran: 1 hyena skull—Iran (gift). ScHMIDT, F. J. W., Madison, Wiscon- sin: 1 fox snake, 1 painted turtle—Jack- son County, Wisconsin (gift). SCHMIDT, KARL P., Homewood, IIli- nois: 16 salamanders, 18 frogs, 14 ari 2 turtles—lIllinois and Indiana gift). SCHOEMANN, BRUNO, snakes—Brazil (gift). SCHULTZ, LEONARD P., Seattle, Wash- ington: 19 fishes—various localities (exchange). Chicago: 3 JAN. 1936 SHaw, Dr. F. R. S., Haifa, Beirut, Palestine: 1 mole cricket, 33 arachnids —Palestine and Trans-Jordan (gift). SHEDD AQUARIUM, JOHN G., Chi- cago: 195 fishes—Fiji; 1 octopus, 8 crustaceans, 205 fishes—Hawaiian Is- lands; 1 hawksbill turtle—Bahama Islands (gift). SHUWAYHAT, Dr. Y.S., Haifa, Pales- tine: 6 snakes, 10 scorpions—Jordan Valley, Palestine (gift). SPRINGER, STEWART, Biloxi, Missis- sippi: 5 mammal skins and 6 skulls— Florida; 11 lizards—Sardinia; 110 sala- manders, 96 frogs, 70 lizards, 81 snakes, 1 alligator, 11 turtles—various locali- ties (gift). STODDARD, HERBERT-L., Thomas- ville, Georgia: 2 wild turkey skins— Thomasville, Georgia (exchange). Sturcis, R. S., Indian Hill, Illinois: 1 garter snake—Indian Hill, Illinois (gift). TALLANT, W. M., Manatee, Florida: 1 limpkin skeleton—Collier County, Florida (gift). Tuomas, W. R., Rapid City, South Dakota: 19 mammal _ skulls—Rapid City, South Dakota (gift). TURNER, DR. C. D., Athens, Georgia: 2 bats—Athens, Georgia (gift). UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, Washington, D.C.: 310 mammal skins and skulls, 5 bird skeletons—various countries (exchange). UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS, Lawrence, Kansas: 3 bat skins and skulls—Barber County, Kansas (exchange). ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 385 Upson, E. D., Madison, Wisconsin: 2 photographs of beaver work—Wis- consin (gift). VACIN, E. F., Oak Park, Illinois: 3 trout—Laramie, Wyoming (gift). VILLALBA, GASTON S., Havana, Cuba: 13 bird skins—Cuba (exchange). WACHOWSKI, DR. CHESTER, Chicago: 1 mantis—Chicago (gift). WADDINGTON, DAVID and HUBERT BEDDOES, Chicago: 5 horned toads— Westcliff, Colorado (gift). WALPOLE, STEWART, Chicago: 10 bats, 11 frogs, 7 toads, 9 lizards—Barbados, West Indies; 2 sharks—Bermuda (gift). WEBER, WALTER A., Austin, Texas: 1 Texas fence lizard—Mt. Emory, Texas (gift). WEED, ALFRED C., Chicago: 4 sala- erat — North Rose, New York gift). WENZEL, RUPERT, Chicago: 37 in- sects—United States (gift). WHEELER, LESLIE, Lake Forest, IIli- nois: 479 bird skins, 1 bird skeleton, 2 insects—various countries (gift); 2 hawks—eastern Panama (exchange). WHITNEY, W. R., Chicago: 2 bird skeletons—Chicago (gift). Wo.LcoTt, ALBERT B., Downers Grove, Illinois: 15 insects—Illinois and Mexico (gift). Wyatt, ALEX K., Chicago: 3 moths —Chicago (gift). ZOOLOGISCHE SAMMLUNG DES Bay- ERISCHEN STAATS, Munich, Germany: 11 salamanders, 4 frogs, 6 lizards, 8 snakes, 1 crocodile, 2 turtles—various localities (exchange). RAYMOND FOUNDATION—ACCESSIONS CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE, ST. PAUL AND PACIFIC RAILWAY: 21 reels of 35-mm. silent film (gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY: From Division of Photography: 314 slides. DIVISION OF PHOTOGRAPHY—ACCESSIONS FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY: Made by Division of Photography: 32,000 prints, 1,302 negatives, 455 lan- tern slides, 188 enlargements, and 44 transparent labels. Developed for expeditions: negatives. 1,116 From Field Museum Archaeological Expedition to the Near East (made by Richard A. Martin): 36 negatives of natives, taken in Iraq. NICHOLS, HENRY W., Chicago: 256 negatives (made during period from 1892 to 1916) of general views in Can- 386 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X ada and the United States: 89 negatives of general views in the Yellowstone and the Canadian Rockies. Miss WINIFRED, Ann 206 negatives of SMEATON, Arbor, Michigan: natives of Iraq. LIBRARY ACCESSIONS List of Donors of Books INSTITUTIONS Agricultural Experiment Station, Agri- cultural College, Mississippi. Agricultural Experiment Station, Au- burn, Alabama. Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut. American Friends of China, Chicago. American Gas Association, New York. American Mining Congress, Washing- ton, D.C Amherst College, Amherst, Massachu- setts. Black Diamond, Chicago. Bunrika Daigaku, Tokyo, Japan. Canadian Mining Journal, Gardenvale, Canada. Carnegie Corporation of New York. Cernene Institution of Washington, Chemical Foundation, New York. Chicago Association of Commerce, Chicago. Chicago Recreation Commission, Chi- cago. Children’s Museum, Boston, chusetts. Chinese Trading Company, Chicago. Massa- Denver Art Museum, Denver, Colo- rado. Desert Magazine Publishing Company, Los Angeles, California. Deutsche Fischwirtschaft, Berlin, Ger- many. Drew University, Madison, New Jersey. Fontana Company, Mario A., Monte- video, Uruguay. Friedlander und Sohn, Berlin, Germany. Garden Club of America, New York. General Biological Supply House, Chi- cago. Goéteborgs Botaniska Tradgrad, Géte- borg, Sweden. Géteborgs Museum, Goteborg, Sweden. Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, New York. Hartford Public Library, Connecticut. Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsyl- vania. Home Aquarium, East Orange, New Jersey. Howard Memorial Library, New Or- leans, Louisiana. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, Henry E., San Marino, California. Hartford, Illinois Bell Telephone Company, Chi- cago. Illinois State Academy of Sciences, Springfield, Illinois. Imperial College of Science and Tech- nology, London, England. Imperial Household, Department of Crown Forest and Estates, Tokyo, Japan. Inspector of Mines, Boise, Idaho. International Wild Life Protection, American Committee, New York. Izaak Walton League of America, Chi- cago. Japan Society, New York. Japanese Embassy, Washington, D.C. Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan. Journal of Calendar Reform, New York. London Shellac Research Bureau, Lon- don, England. Louisiana State Parks Commission, New Orleans, Louisiana. Maderil, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Mahogany Association, Inc., Chicago. Mauritius Forest Department, Port Louis, Mauritius. Meijikai, Tokyo, Japan. Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mexico City, Mexico. More Game Birds in America, Inc., New York. Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois. JAN. 1936 Mountaineer Club, Seattle, Washing- ton. Museum of Modern Art, New York. Museum of the City of New York. National Park Service, Field Division, Berkeley, California. Orthovis Company, Chicago. Radio Institute of Audible Arts, New York. School Life, Washington, D.C. Science Service, Washington, D.C. Scientific American, New York. Seott, Foresman and Company, Chi- cago. Society for International Cultural Re- lations, Marunouchi, Japan. Spélio Club de France, Montpellier, France. State Bureau of Mines and Geology, Butte, Montana. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 387 Stone Publishing Company, New York. Sun Mon Corporation, Chicago. Swift and Company, Chicago. Taylor Instrument Company, Roches- ter, New York. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal Com- pany, New York. Tennessee Ornithological Club, Nash- ville, Tennessee. Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, Ohio. Topographical and Geological Survey, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Union League Club, Chicago. University of Chicago (Department of Anthropology), Chicago. Victor News, Chicago. Wellcome Research Institute, London, England. INDIVIDUALS Abbott, Cyril E., Morgan Park, Illinois. Arndt, Dr. Paul, Munich, Germany. Bourret, René, Hanoi, Indo-China. Breuil, Abbé Henri, Paris, France. Brimley, H. H., Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Camelog, J. Campbell, Louis W., Toledo, Ohio. Canals, José, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ching-Jun Lin, Foochow, China. Chinnery, E. W. P., Port Moresby, New Guinea. Clyde, Paul H., Lexington, Kentucky. Cornell, Margaret M., Chicago. Davis, Dwight D., Naperville, Illinois. DeCandolle, Casimir, Geneva, Switzer- land. Dreyer, T. F., Bloemfontein, South Africa. Essenberg, J. M., Chicago. Ewart, Professor E. J., Melbourne, Australia. Feruglio, Dr. Egidio, Chubert, Argen- tina. Field, Henry, Chicago. Field, Stanley, Chicago. Fisher, Clyde, New York. Foran, Ethel Ursula, Montreal, Canada. Geist, Harry F., Aurora, Illinois. Gerhard, W. J., Chicago. Goddard, Dwight, Santa Barbara, Cali- fornia. Gregg, Clifford C., Park Ridge, Illinois. Harris, Halbert M., Ames, Iowa. Harte, H. B., Chicago. Hochreutiner, Dr. B. P. G., Geneva, Switzerland. Hocking, George M., Washington, D.C. Hsu. Kwan-swen, Nantungchow, Kiangsu, China. - Jenkins, Anna E., Washington, D.C. Jenness, D., Ottawa, Canada. Jones, Charles Lloyd, Sydney, Aus- tralia. Kelley, Harper, Paris, France. Kelso, Leon, Washington, D.C. Labouret, Henri, Paris, France. Li Fu-Ching, Kaifong, China. Hueele Gerhard, Stockholm, Swe- en. Lines, Jorge A., San José, Costa Rica. Lunardi, Federico, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Macbride, Francis J., Chicago. Mathey, Robert. 388 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X Meek, Alexander, Durham, England. Middleton, George, Washington, D.C. Miles, L. E., Agricultural and Mechani- cal College, Mississippi. Montgomery, Dr. James A., Philadel- phia, Pennsylvania. Moyer, John W., Chicago. Nelson, Dr. Aven, Laramie, Wyoming. Nichols, Henry W., Chicago. Osgood, Wilfred H., Chicago. Pacheco Cruz, Santiago, Mérida, Yu- catan. Patterson, Bryan, Chicago. Pease, P., Brisbane, Australia. Peattie, Donald Culross, Glenview, Illinois. Phillipson, Jean, Victoria, Australia. Ramaley, Francis, Denver, Colorado. Reed, Howard, Riverside, California. Roberts, Austin, Pretoria, South Africa. Rock, J. F., Yunnanfu, Yunnan, China. Sanborn, Colin C., Highland Park, Illi- nois. Sastri, Hiranandra, Calcutta, India. Schanzlin, G. L., Hillisburg, Indiana. Schmidt, Karl P., Homewood, Illinois. Schonto, J. C., Groningen, Holland. Scott, O. M., Marysville, Ohio. Sherff, Dr. Earl E., Chicago. Simms, Stephen C., Chicago. Smith, Benjamin K., Chicago. Smith, Mrs. Roy K., Seoul, Korea. Soper, J. Dewey, Winnipeg, Canada. Standley, Paul C., Chicago. Stoner, Dayton, Albany, New York. cur William Duncan, Washington, Thompson, J. Eric, Santa Fé, New Mexico. Thomsen, Th., Copenhagen, Denmark. ie peau Bengt, Stockholm, Swe- en. Townsend, Charles Haskins, New York. Truchet, Francis, Chicago. Urteaga, Horacio H., Lima, Peru. Vincent, Edith, Chicago. Walcott, A. B., Downers Grove, Illinois. Weed, Isabelle Gordon, Iowa City, Iowa. Wilbur, C. M., New York. Wolterstoff, Dr. W., Magdeburg, Ger- many. Wood, Miriam, Park Ridge, Illinois. Young, Isabel N., New York. JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR FOUNDER Marshall Field* BENEFACTORS 389 Those who have contributed $100,000 or more to the Museum Ayer, Edward E.* Buckingham, Miss Kate S. Crane, Cornelius Crane, R. T., Jr.* Field, Mrs. E. Marshall * DECEASED Field, Joseph N.* Field, Marshall Field, Stanley Graham, Ernest R. Harris, Albert W. Harris, Norman W.* Higinbotham, Harlow N.* Kelley, William V.* Pullman, George M.* Raymond, Mrs. Anna Louise Raymond, James Nelson* Simpson, James Sturges, Mrs. Mary D.* HONORARY MEMBERS Those who have rendered eminent service to Science Chalmers, William J. Crane, Charles R. Cutting, C. Suydam Field, Mrs. E. Marshall Field, Marshall Field, Stanley Those who have rendered eminent service to t Armour, Allison V. Chadbourne, Mrs. Emily Crane Chancellor, Philip M. Cherrie, George K. Collins, Alfred M. Conover, Boardman Cummings, Mrs. Robert F. Cutting, C. Suydam Day, Lee Garnett Ellsworth, Duncan S. Graham, Ernest R. Harris, Albert W. Ludwig, H. R. H. Gustaf Adolf, Crown Prince of Sweden McCormick, Stanley DECEASED, 1935 Breasted, Professor James H. PATRONS Field, Mrs. E. Marshall Field, Mrs. Stanley Hancock, G. Allan Insull, Samuel Kennedy, Vernon Shaw Knight, Charles R. Langdon, Professor Stephen Moore, Mrs. William H. DECEASED, 1935 Payne, John Barton Rawson, Frederick H. Roosevelt, Kermit Roosevelt, Theodore Sargent, Homer E. Simpson, James Sprague, Albert A. Vernay, Arthur S. he Museum Probst, Edward Rawson, Frederick H. Roosevelt, Kermit Roosevelt, Theodore Sargent, Homer E. Smith, Mrs. George T. Strawn, Silas H. Vernay, Arthur S. Wegeforth, Dr. Harry M. White, Harold A. White, Howard J. 390 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X CORRESPONDING MEMBERS Scientists or patrons of science, residing in foreign countries, who have rendered eminent service to the Museum Breuil, Abbé Henri Christensen, Dr. Carl Diels, Dr. Ludwig Hochreutiner, Dr. B. P. Langdon, Professor Georges Keith, Professor Sir Arthur CONTRIBUTORS Stephen Smith, Professor Sir Grafton Elliot Those who have contributed $1,000 to $100,000 to the Museum $75,000 to $100,000 Chancellor, Philip M. Rawson, Frederick H. $50,000 to $75,000 Keep, Chauncey* Rosenwald, Mrs. Augusta N.* Ryerson, Martin A.* $25,000 to $50,000 Blackstone, Mrs. Timothy B.* Coats, John* Crane, Charles R. Field, Mrs. Stanley Jones, Arthur B.* Porter, George F.* Rosenwald, Julius* Vernay, Arthur S. White, Harold A. $10,000 to $25,000 Armour, Allison V. Armour, P. D.* Chadbourne, Mrs. Emily Crane Chalmers, William J. Conover, Boardman * DECEASED in money or materials Cummings, R. F.* Cutting, C. Suydam Everard, R. T.* Gunsaulus, Dr. F. W.* Insull, Samuel McCormick, Cyrus (Estate) McCormick, Stanley Mitchell, John J.* Reese, Lewis* Robb, Mrs. George W. Rockefeller Yaa 1 el e Sargent, Homer E. Schweppe, Mrs. Charles H. Smith, Mrs. George T. Straus, Mrs. Sarah S. Strong, Walter A.* Wrigley, William, Jr.* $5,000 to $10,000 Adams, George E.* Adams, Milward* Bartlett, A. C.* Bishop, Heber (Estate) Borland, Mrs. John Jay* Crane, R. T.* Doane, J. W.* Fuller, William A.* Graves, George Coe, II Harris, Hayden B. Harris, Norman Dwight Harris, Mrs. Norman Hutchinson, C. L.* Keith, Edson* Langtry, J. C. MacLean, Mrs. M. Haddon Mandel, Leon Moore, Mrs. William H. Pearsons, D. K.* Porter, H. H.* Ream, Norman B.* Revell, Alexander H.* Salie, Prince M. U. M. Sprague, A. A.* Strawn, Silas H. Thorne, Bruce Tree, Lambert* $1,000 to $5,000 American Friends of China Ayer, Mrs. Edward E.* Barrett, Samuel E. Bensabott, R., Inc. Blair, Watson F.* Blaschke, Stanley Field Borden, John Chalmers, Mrs. William J. Crane, Mrs. R. T., Jr. Crocker, Templeton JAN. 1936 Cummings, Mrs. Robert F. Doering, O. C. Field, Henry Graves, Henry, Jr. Gunsaulus, Miss Helen Hibbard, W. G.* Higginson, Mrs. Charles M. Hill, James J.* Hixon, Frank P.* Hoffman, Miss Malvina Hughes, Thomas S. * DECEASED ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Jackson, Huntington W.* James, S. L. Laufer, Dr. Berthold* Lee Ling Yiin Mandel, Fred L., Jr. Manierre, George* Martin, Alfred T.* McCormick, Cyrus H. McCormick, Mrs. Cyrus* Ogden, Mrs. Frances E.* Palmer, Potter Patten, Henry J. Rauchfuss, Charles F. 39] Raymond, Charles E.* Reynolds, Earle H. Ryerson, Mrs. Martin A. Schwab, Martin C. Shaw, William W. Sherff, Dr. Earl E. Smith, Byron L.* Sprague, Albert A. Thompson, E. H. Thorne, Mrs. Louise E. VanValzah, Dr. Robert VonFrantzius, Fritz* Wheeler, Leslie Willis, L. M. CORPORATE MEMBERS Armour, Allison V. Borden, John Byram, Harry E. Chadbourne, Mrs. Emily Crane Chalmers, William J. Chancellor, Philip M. Chatfield-Taylor, H. C. Cherrie, George K. Collins, Alf M. Conover, Boardman Cummings, Mrs. Robert F. Cutting, C. Suydam Day, Lee Garnett Ellsworth, Duncan S. Field, Mrs. E. Marshall Field, Joseph N. Field, Marshall Field, Stanley Field, Mrs. Stanley Graham, Ernest R. Hancock, G. Allan Harris, Albert W. Insull, Samuel Kennedy, Vernon Shaw Knight, Charles R. Langdon, Professor Stephen McCormick, Cyrus H. Mitchell, William H. Moore, Mrs. William H. DECEASED, 1935 Payne, John Barton LIFE MEMBERS Probst, Edward Rawson, Frederick H. Richardson, George A. Roosevelt, Kermit Roosevelt, Theodore Sargent, Homer E. Simms, Stephen C. Simpson, James Smith, Mrs. George T. Smith, Solomon A. Sprague, Albert A. Strawn, Silas H. Vernay, Arthur S. Wegeforth, Dr. Harry M. Wheeler, Leslie White, Harold A. White, Howard J. Those who hare contributed $500 to the Museum Abbott, John Jay Abbott, Robert S. Adler, Max Alexander, William A. Allerton, Robert H. Ames, James C. Armour, A. Watson Armour, Allison V. Armour, Lester Armour, Mrs. Ogden Asher, Louis E. Avery, Sewell L. Babcock, Frederick R. Babson, Henry B. Bacon, Edward Richardson, Jr. Banks, Alexander F. Barrett, Mrs. A. D. Barrett, Robert L. Bartlett, Miss Florence Dibell Baur, Mrs. Jacob Bendix, Vincent Bensabott, R. Bermingham, Edward J. Billings, C. K. G. Blaine, Mrs. Emmons Blair, Chauncey B. Block, Emanuel J. Block, L. E Block, Philip D. Booth, W. Vernon Borden, John Borland, Chauncey B. Boynton, Mrs. C. T. Brassert, Herman A. Brewster, Walter S. Brown, Charles Edward Browne, Aldis J. Buchanan, D. W. Budd, Britton I. Buffington, Eugene J. Burnham, John Burt, William G. Butler, Julius W. 392 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X Butler, Rush C. Byram, Harry E. Carpenter, Augustus A. Carpenter, Mrs. Hubbard Carpenter, Mrs. John Iden Carr, George R. Carr, Robert F. Carr, Walter S. Casalis, Mrs. Maurice Chalmers, William J. Chalmers, Mrs. William J. Chatfield-Taylor, Wayne Clark, Eugene B. Clegg, William G. Clegg, Mrs. William G. Clow, William E. Collins, William M. Conover, Boardman Cooke, George A. Corley, F. D. Cowles, Alfred Cramer, Corwith Cramer, Mrs. Katharine S. Crane, Charles R. Crossett, Edward C. Crossley, Lady Josephine Crossley, Sir Kenneth Crowell, H. P. Cudahy, Edward A. Cudahy, Edward A., Jr. Cudahy, Joseph M. Cunningham, Frank 8. Cunningham, James D. Cushing, Charles G. Cutten, Arthur W. Davies, Mrs. D. C. Dawes, Charles G. Dawes, Henry M. Dawes, Rufus C. Decker, Alfred Delano, Frederic A. Dick, Albert B., Jr. Dierssen, Ferdinand W. Dixon, George W. Dixon, Homer L. Donnelley, Thomas E. Doyle, Edward J. Drake, John B. Drake, Tracy C. Dreyfus, Moise Durand, Scott S. Edmunds, Philip 8. Epstein, Max Everitt, George B. Ewing, Charles Hull Farnum, Henry W. Farr, Newton Camp Farr, Miss Shirley Farwell, Arthur L. Farwell, John V. Farwell, Walter Fay, C.N. Fenton, Howard W. Fentress, Calvin Ferguson, Louis A. Fernald, Charles Field, Joseph N. Field, Marshall Field, Norman Field, Mrs. Norman Field, Stanley Field, Mrs. Stanley Florsheim, Milton 8. Gardner, Paul E. Gardner, Robert A. Gartz, A. F., Jr. Gary, Mrs. John W. Getz, George F. Gilbert, Huntly H. Glessner, John J. Glore, Charles F. Goddard, Leroy A. Goodman, William O. Goodrich, A. W. Goodspeed, Charles B. Gowing, J. Parker Graham, Ernest R. Griffiths, John Griscom, Clement A. Hack, Frederick C. Hamill, Alfred E. Hamill, Mrs. Ernest A. Harris, Albert W. Harris, Norman W. Hastings, Samuel M. Hayes, William F. Hecht, Frank A., Jr. Hibbard, Frank Hickox, Mrs. Charles V. Hill, Louis W. Hinde, Thomas W. Hixon, Robert Hopkins, J. M. Hopkins, L. J. Horowitz, L. J. Hoyt, N. Landon Hughes, Thomas S. Hutchins, James C. Insull, Martin J. Insull, Samuel Insull, Samuel, Jr. Jarnagin, William N. Jelke, John F., Jr. Johnson, Mrs. Elizabeth Ayer Joiner, Theodore E. Jones, Miss Gwethalyn Kelley, Mrs. Daphne Field e Kelley, Russell P. Kelly, D. F. Kidston, William H. King, Charles Garfield King, James G. Kirk, Walter Radcliffe ’ Knickerbocker, Charles K. Kuppenheimer, Louis B. Lamont, Robert P. Lehmann, E. J. Leonard, Clifford M. Leopold, Mrs. Harold E. Levy, Mrs. David M. Linn, Mrs. Dorothy C. Logan, Spencer H. Lowden, Frank O. Lytton, Henry C. MacDowell, Charles H. MacLeish, John E. MacVeagh, Hames Madlener, Mrs. Albert F. Mark, Clayton Marshall, Benjamin H. Mason, William 8. McCormick, Cyrus H. McCormick, Harold F. McCormick, Stanley McCutcheon, John T. McGann, Mrs. Robert G. Mcllvaine, William B. MclInnerney, Thomas H. McKinlay, John McKinlock, George Alexander McLaughlin, Frederic McLennan, D. R McLennan, Hugh MeNulty, T. J. Meyer, Carl Meyne, Gerhardt F. Mitchell, William H. Moore, Edward S. Morse, Charles H., Jr. Morton, Mark Munroe, Charles A. Murphy, Walter P. Newell, A. B. Nikolas, G. J. Noel, Joseph R. O’Brien, John J. Ormsby, Dr. Oliver S. Orr, Robert M. Paesch, Charles A. Palmer, Honore Palmer, Potter Patten, Henry J. JAN. 1936 Patterson, Joseph M. Payson, George 8. Peabody, Stuyvesant Perkins, Herbert F. Pick, Albert Pike, Charles B. Pike, Eugene R. Poppenhusen, Conrad H. Porter, Frank W. Porter, Gilbert E. Rawson, Frederick H. Raymond, Mrs. Anna Louise Rea, Mrs. Robert L. Reynolds, Arthur Reynolds, Earle H. Reynolds, George M. Riley, Harrison B. Rinaldo, Mrs. Philip 8. Robinson, Theodore W. Robson, Miss Alice Rodman, Mrs. Katherine Field Rodman, Thomas Clifford Rosenwald, William Russell, Edmund A. Russell, Edward P. Ryerson, Edward L., Jr. Ryerson, Mrs. Martin A. Cramer, E. W. Dau, J. J. Eckstein, Louis ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Sargent, Fred Wesley Schweppe, Charles H. Scott, George E. Scott, Harold N. Seabury, Charles W. Shaffer, John C. Shirk, Joseph H. Simpson, James Simpson, William B. Smith, Alexander Smith, Solomon A. Spalding, Keith Spalding, Vaughan C. Sprague, Albert A. Sprague, Mrs. Albert A. Stern, Mrs. Alfred K. Stevens, Eugene M. Stewart, Robert W. Stirton, Robert C. Storey, W. B. Strawn, Silas H. Stuart, Harry L. Stuart, John Stuart, R. Douglas Sturges, George Sunny, B. E. Swift, Charles H. Swift, G. F., Jr. Swift, Harold H. Swift, Louis F. DECEASED, 1935 Farwell, Francis C. Haskell, Frederick T. Hippach, Louis A. 393 Thorne, Charles H. Thorne, Robert J. Tree, Ronald L. F. Tyson, Russell Uihlein, Edgar J. Underwood, Morgan P. Valentine, Louis L. Veatch, George L. Viles, Lawrence M. Wanner, Harry C. Ward, P. C. Weber, David Welch, Mrs. Edwin P. Welling, John P. Whitney, Mrs. Julia L. Wickwire, Mrs. Edward L. Wieboldt, William A. Willard, Alonzo J. Willits, Ward W. Wilson, John P. Wilson, Thomas E. Winston, Garrard B. Winter, Wallace C. Woolley, Clarence M. Wrigley, Philip K. Yates, David M. Patten, Mrs. James A. Payne, John Barton Runnells, Clive NON-RESIDENT LIFE MEMBERS Those, residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, who have Coolidge, Harold Jeon: Copley, Ira Cliff Ellis, Ralph contributed $100 to the Museum Gregg, John Wyatt Hearne, Knox Johnson, Herbert laid he Rosenwald, Lessing J. Stephens, W. C. Stern, Mrs. Edgar B. Vernay, Arthur 8. 394 FreLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Those who have contributed $100 to the Museum Aaron, Charles Aaron, Ely M. Abbott, Donald Putnam, Jr. Abbott, Gordon C. Abbott, Guy H. Abbott, W. Rufus Abbott, William L. Abrams, Duff A. Ackerman, Charles N. Adamick, Gustave H. Adams, Benjamin Stearns Adams, Mrs. David T Adams, Mrs. Frances Sprogle Adams, John Q. Adams, Joseph Adams, Mrs. S. H. Adams, Mrs. Samuel Adams, William C. Adcock, Mrs. Bessie Addleman, Samuel W. Adler, David Adler, Mrs. Max Affieck, Benjamin F. Ahlschlager, Walter W. Albee, Mrs. Harry W. Alexander, Mrs. Arline V. Allais, Arthur L. Allbright, William B. Allen, Mrs. Fred G. Allensworth, A. P. Alling, Mrs oC. A. Alling, Mrs. VanWagenen Allison, Mrs. Nathaniel Alschuler, Alfred S. Alsip, Charles H. Alter, Harry Alton, Carol W. Andersen, Arthur Anderson, Miss Florence Regina Andreen, Otto C. Andrews, Mrs. E. C. Andrews, Milton H. Anstiss, George P. Appelt, Mrs. Jessie E. Armbrust, John T. Armbruster, Charles A. Armour, A. Watson, III Armour, Philip D. Armstrong, Arthur W. Armstrong, Mrs. Julian n, W. G. Artingstall, Samuel G., Jr. Ascher, Fred Ashby, W. B. Ashcraft, Raymond M. Ashenhurst, Harold S. Atkinson, Charles T. Atwater, Walter Hull Aurelius, Mrs. Marcus A. Austin, Henry W. Avery, Miss Clara Avery, George J. Baackes, Mrs. Frank Babb, W. E. Babson, Fred K. Babson, Mrs. Gustavus Badger, Shreve Cowles Baer, Mervin K. Baer, Walter S. Baggaley, William Blair Bailey, Mrs. Edward W. Baird, Mrs. Clay Baird, Harry K. Baker, Mrs. Alfred L. Baker, G. W. Baker, Greeley Baldwin, Vincent Curtis Baldwin, William W. Balgemann, Otto W. Balkin, Louis Ball, Dr. Fred E. Ball, Sidney Y. Ballard, Thomas L. Ballenberg, Adolph G. Bannister, Miss Ruth D. Bantsolas, John N. Barber, Phil C. Barbour, Harry A. Barbour, James J. Bargquist, Miss Lillian D. Barley, Miss Matilda A. Barnes, Cecil Barnes, Mrs. Charles Osborne Barnes, James M. Barnett, Otto R. Barnhart, Mrs. A. M. Barnhart, Mrs. Clara S. Barnhart, Miss Gracia M. F. Barnum, Harry Barr, Mrs. Alfred H. Bartelme, John H. Bartholomae, Mrs. Emma Bartholomay, F. H Bartholomay, Henry Bartholomay, Mrs. William, Jr. Bartlett, Frederic C. Barton, Mrs. Enos M. Bastian, Charles L. Bateman, Floyd L. Bates, Mrs. A. M. Bates, Joseph A. Battey, Paul L. Bauer, Aleck Baum, Mrs. James E. Baum, Wilhelm Baumrucker, Charles F. Bausch, William C. Beach, Miss Bess K. Beach, E. Chandler Beachy, Mrs. P. A. Beatty, H. W. Beck, Herbert Becker, Mrs. A. G. Becker, Benjamin F. Becker, Benjamin V. Becker, Frederick G. Becker, Herman T. Becker, James H. Becker, Louis Becker, Louis L. Behr, Mrs. Edith Beidler, Francis, II Belden, Joseph C. Bell, Mrs. Laird Bellinghausen, Miss Celia Bender, C. J Benjamin, Jack A. Benner, Harry Bennett, J. Gardner Benson, John Bentley, Arthur Bentley, Mrs. Cyrus Benton, Miss Mabel M. Berend, George F. Berkowitz, Dr. J. G. Berndt, Dr. George W. Berryman, John B. Bersbach, Elmer 8S. Bertschinger, Dr. C. F. Besly, Mrs. C. H. Bettman, Dr. Ralph B. Bevan, Dr. Arthur Dean Bichl, Thomas A. Bidwell, Charles W. Biehn, Dr. J. F. Bigler, Mrs. Albert J. Billow, Elmer Ellsworth Billow, Miss Virginia Bird, Miss Frances Bird, George H. Birk, Miss Amelia Birk, Edward J. Birk, Frank J. Birkenstein, George Birkholz, Hans E. Bishop, Howard P. Bishop, Mrs. Martha V. JAN. 1936 Bistor, James E. Bittel, Mrs. Frank J. Bixby, Edward Randall Black, Dr. Arthur D. Blackburn, Oliver A. Blackman, Nathan L. Blair, Edward T. Blair, Mrs. M. Barbour Blair, Robert O. Blair, Wolcott Blake, Tiffany Blatchford, Carter Blatchford, Dr. Frank Wicks Blayney, Thomas C. Blessing, Dr. Robert Blish, Sylvester Blome, Rudolph S. Blomgren, Dr. Walter L. Bloom, Mrs. Leopold Bluford, Mrs. David Blum, David Blum, Harry H. Blunt, J. E., Jr. Bluthardt, Edwin Boal, Ayres Boberg, Niels Bode, William F. Boericke, Mrs. Anna Boettcher, Arthur H. Bohasseck, Charles Bolten, Paul H. Bondy, Berthold Boomer, Dr. Paul C. Boone, Arthur Boorn, William C. Booth, Alfred V. Booth, George E. Borg, George W. Borland, Mrs. Bruce Bosch, Charles Bosch, Mrs. Henry Both, William C. Botts, Graeme G. Bousa, Dr. Bohuslav Bowen, Mrs. Louise DeKoven Bowes, William R. Bowey, Mrs. Charles F. Bowman, Johnston A. Boyack, Harry Boyden, Miss Ellen Webb Boyden, Miss Rosalie Sturges Boynton, A. J. Boynton, Frederick P. Brach, Mrs. F. V. Bradley, Mrs. A. Ballard Bradley, Charles E. Bradley, Mrs. Natalie Blair Higinbotham Brainerd, Mrs. Arthur T. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Bramble, Delhi G. C. Brand, Mrs. Edwin L., Jr. Brand, Mrs. Maude G. Brand, Mrs. Rudolf Brandes, A. G. Brandt, Charles H. Bransfield, John J. Brauer, Mrs. Paul Breckinridge, Professor Sh le Bremer, Harry A. Bremner, Mrs. David eae Brendecke, Miss June Brennemann, Dr. Joseph Brennwasser, S. M. Brenza, Miss Mary Brewer, Mrs. Angeline L. Breyer, Mrs. Theodor Bridge, George S. Briggs, Mrs. Gertrude Bristol, James T. Brock, A. J. Brodribb, Lawrence C. Broome, Thornhill Brown, A. Wilder Brown, Benjamin R. Brown, Charles A. Brown, Christy Brown, Dr. Edward M. Brown, Mrs. Everett C. Brown, Mrs. George Dewes Brown, Mrs. Henry Temple Brown, John T. Brown, Scott Brucker, Dr. Edward A. Bruckner, William T. Brugman, John J. Brundage, Avery Brunswick, Larry Brunia debe Bryant, John J., Jr. Buck, Guy R. Buck, Mrs. Lillian B. Buck, Nelson Leroy Bucklin, Mrs. Vail R. Budlong, Joseph J. Buehler, Mrs. Carl Buehler, H. L. Buettner, Walter J. Buffington, Mrs. Margaret A. Buhmann, Gilbert G. Bullock, Mrs. James E. Bunge, Mrs. Albert J. Burdick, Mrs. Alfred S. Burgess, Charles F. Burgstreser, Newton Burgweger, Mrs. Meta Dewes 395 Burke, Mrs. Lawrence N. Burke, Webster H. Burkholder, Dr. J. F. Burley, Mrs. Clarence A, Burnham, Mrs. Edward Burnham, Frederie Burns, Mrs. Randall W. Burrows, Mrs. W. F. Burry, Mrs. William Burry, William, Jr. Burtch, Almon Burton, Mrs. Ernest D. Bush, Mrs. Lionel E. Bush, Mrs. William H. Butler, Burridge D. Butler, Mrs. Hermon B. Butler, J. Fred Butler, John M. Butler, Paul Butz, Herbert R. Butz, Robert O. Butz, Theodore C. Butzow, Mrs. Robert C. Byfield, Dr. Albert H. Byrne, Miss Margaret H. Cable, J. E. Cahn, Dr. Alvin R. Cahn, Bertram J. Cahn, Morton D. Caine, John F. Caldwell, C. D. Cameron, Dr. Dan U. Cameron, John M. Cameron, Will J. Camp, Mrs. Arthur Royce Campbell, Delwin M. Campbell, Herbert J. Canby, Caleb H., Jr. Capes, Lawrence R. Capps, Dr. Joseph A. Carlin, Leo J. Carney, William Roy Caron, O. J. Carpenter, Mrs. Benjamin Carpenter, Frederic Ives Carpenter, Mrs. George A. Carpenter, George Sturges Carpenter, Hubbard Carpenter, Miss Rosalie Sturges Carpenter, W. W. S. Carqueville, Mrs. A. R. Carr, Mrs. Clyde M. Carroll, John A. Carry, Joseph C. Carter, Mrs. Armistead B. Carton, Alfred T. Cary, Dr. Eugene Cary, Dr. Frank Casey, Mrs. James J. 396 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X Casselberry, Mrs. William Evans, Sr. Cassels, Edwin H. Castle, Alfred C. Castruccio, Giuseppe Cates, Dudley Cernoch, Frank Chadwick, Charles H. Chandler, Henry P. Chapin, Henry Kent Chapman, Arthur E. Chappell, Mrs. Charles H. Chase, Frank D. Cheney, Dr. Henry W. Cherry, Walter L., Jr. Childs, Mrs. C. Frederick Chisholm, George D. Chislett, Miss Kate E. Chritton, George A. Churan, Charles A. Clark, Ainsworth W. Clark, Miss Alice Keep Clark, Charles V. Clark, Miss Dorothy 8. Clark, Mrs. Edward S. Clark, Edwin H. Clark, Lincoln R. Clark, Dr. Peter S. Clarke, Charles F. Clarke, Fred L. Clarke, Harley L. Clas, Miss Mary Louise Clemen, Dr. Rudolf A. Cleveland, Paul W. Clifford, F. J. Clinch, Duncan L. Clithero, W. S. Clough, William H. Clow, Mrs. Harry B. Clow, William E., Jr. Cochran, John L. Coffin, Fred Y. Cohen, George B. Cohen, Mrs. L. Lewis Colburn, Frederick 8. Colby, Mrs. George E. Coldren, Clifton C. Coleman, Dr. George H. Coleman, Loring W., Jr. Coleman, William Ogden Colianni, Paul V. Collins, Beryl B. Collis, Harry J. Collison, E. K. Colvin, Miss Catharme Colvin, Miss Jessie Colvin, Mrs. William H. Colwell, Clyde C. Compton, D. M. Compton, Frank E. Condon, Mrs. James G. Conger, Miss Cornelia Connell, P. G. Conners, Harry Connor, Mrs. Clara A. Connor, Frank H. Cook, Miss Alice B. Cook, Mrs. David S., Jr. Cook, Mrs. Wallace L. Cooke, Charles E. Cooke, Miss Flora Cooke, Leslie L. Coolidge, Miss Alice Coolidge, E. Channing Coombs, James F. Coonley, John Stuart, Jr. Coonley, Prentiss L. Cooper, Samuel Copland, David Corbett, Mrs. William J. Cormack, Charles V. Cornell, John E. Cosford, Thomas H. Coston, James E. Counselman, Mrs. Jennie E. Cox, Mrs. Howard M. Cox, James A. Cox, James C. Cox, Mrs. Rensselaer W. Crane, Charles R., II Crego, Mrs. Dominica 8. Crerar, Mrs. John Crilly, Edgar Cromer, Clarence E. Cromwell, Miss Juliette Clara Cross, Henry H. Crowder, Dr. Thomas R. Cubbins, Dr. William R. Cudahy, Edward I. Culbertson, Dr. Carey Cummings, Mrs. D. Mark Cuneo, John F. Cunningham, Mrs. Howard J. Cunningham, John T. Curran, Harry R. cc Austin Guthrie, te Curtis, Benjamin J. Curtis, Mrs. Charles 8S. Curtis, Miss Frances H. Cusack, Harold Cushman, A. W. Cushman, Barney Cutler, Henry E. Cutting, Charles S. Dahlberg, Bror G. Daily, Richard Dakin, Dr. Frank C. Daley, Harry C. Dammann, J. F. D’Ancona, Edward N. Danforth, Dr. William C, Dantzig, Leonard P. Danz, Charles A. Dashiell, C. R. Daughaday, C. Colton Davey, Mrs. Bruce C. David, Dr. Vernon C. Davidonis, Dr. Alexander L. Davidson, Miss Mary E. Davies, Marshall Davis, Abel Davis, Arthur Davis, Brode B. Davis, C.S. Davis, Dr. Carl B. ' Davis, Frank S. Davis, Fred M. Davis, James Davis, Dr. Loyal Davis, De Nathan Davis, Ralph Dawes, E. L. DeAcres, Clyde H. Deagan, John C. Deahl, Uriah S. Decker, Charles O. DeCosta, Lewis M. DeDardel, Carl O. Dee, Thomas J. Deery, Thomas A., Jr. Degen, David DeGolyer, Robert S. DeKoven, Mrs. John DeLee, Dr. Joseph B. DeLemon, H. R. Deming, Everett G. Dempster, Mrs. Charles W. Deneen, Mrs. Charles S. Denkewalter, W. E. Denman, Mrs. Burt J. Dennehy, Thomas C. Dennis, Charles H. Dent, George C. DesIsles, Mrs. Carrie L. Deutsch, Mrs. Percy L. DeVries, David DeVries, Peter Dewes, Rudolph Peter Dick, Edison Dick, Elmer J. Dick, Mrs. Homer T. Dickey, Roy Dickey, William E. Dickinson, F. R. Dickinson, Robert B. JAN. 1936 Dickinson, Mrs. W. Woodbridge Diehl, Harry L. Diestel, Mrs. Herman Dikeman, Aaron Butler Dillon, Miss Hester May Dimick, Miss Elizabeth Dixon, Alan C. Dixon, William Warren Dobson, George Doctor, Isidor Dodge, Mrs. Paul C. Doering, Mrs. Edmund J., Jr. Doering, Otto C. Doerr, William P., Sr. Doetsch, Miss Anna Dole, Arthur Dolese, Mrs. John Donahue, William J. Donker, Mrs. William Donlon, Mrs. Stephen E. Donnelley, Mrs. H. P. Donnelley, Miss Naomi Donnelly, Frank Donohue, Edgar T. Douglas, James H., Jr. Douglass, Kingman Dreiske, George J. Drummond, James J. Dryden, Mrs. George B. Dubbs, C. P. Dudley, Laurence H. Dugan, Alphonso G. Dulany, George W., Jr. Dulsky, Mrs. Samuel Dunbaugh, Harry J. Duncan, Albert G. Duner, Dr. Clarence S. Duner, Joseph A. Dunham, John H. Dunham, Miss Lucy Belle Dunham, Robert J. Dunlop, Mrs. Simpson Dunn, Samuel O. Dupee, Mrs. F. Kennett Durbin, Fletcher M. Dyche, William A. Easterberg, C. J. Eastman, Mrs. George H. Ebeling, Frederic O. Eckhart, Mrs. B. A. Eckhart, Percy B. Eddy, George A. Eddy, Thomas H. Edmonds, Harry C. Edwards, Miss Edith E. Edwards, Kenneth P. Egan, William B. Ehrman, Edwin H. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Hiselen, Dr. Frederick Carl Eisendrath, Edwin W. Eisendrath, Robert M. Eisendrath, Mrs. William N. Eisenschiml, Mrs. Otto EKisenstaedt, Harry Eisenstein, Sol Eitel, Max Elenbogen, Herman Ellbogen, Albert L. Elliot, Mrs. Frank M. Elliott, Dr. Charles A. Elliott, Frank R. Ellis, Howard Elting, Howard Ely, Mrs. C. Morse Engel, E. J. Engelhard, Benjamin M. Engstrom, Harold Engwall, John F. Erdmann, Mrs. C. Pardee Ericson, Mrs. Chester F. Ericson, Melvin Burton Ericsson, Clarence Ericsson, Dewey A. Ericsson, Henry Ericsson, Walter H. Ernst, Mrs. Leo Erskine, Albert DeWolf Etten, Henry C. Eustice, Alfred L. Evans, Mrs. Albert Thomas Evans, Miss Anna B. Evans, Mrs. David Evans, David J. Evans, Eliot H. Evans, Evan A. Ewell, C. D. Ewen, William R. T. Fabian, Francis G. Fabry, Herman Fackt, Mrs. George P. Fader, A. L. Faget, James E. Faherty, Roger Fahrenwald, Frank A. Faithorn, Walter E. Falk, Miss Amy Farnham, Mrs. Harry J. Farrell, Mrs. B. J. Farrell, Rev. Thomas F. Faulkner, Charles J., Jr. Faulkner, Miss Elizabeth Faurot, Henry Faurot, Henry, Jr. Fay, Miss Agnes M. Fecke, Mrs. Frank J. Feigenheimer, Herman 397 Feiwell, Morris E. Felix, Benjamin B. Fellows, William K. Felsenthal, Edward George Feltman, Charles H. Fergus, Robert C. Ferguson, William H. Fernald, Robert W. Fetcher, Edwin S. Fetzer, Wade Fies, Mrs. E. E. Filek, August Findlay, Mrs. Roderick Finley, Max H. Finn, Joseph M. Finnerud, Dr. Clark W. Fischel, Frederic A. Fish, Mrs. Isaac Fishbein, Dr. Morris Fisher, Mrs. Edward Metcalf Fisher, George P. Fisher, Harry M. Fitzpatrick, Mrs. John A. Flavin, Edwin F. Fleming, Mrs. Joseph B. Flesch, Eugene W. P. Flexner, Washington Florsheim, Irving S. Flosdorf, Mrs. G. E. Foley, Rev. William M. Follansbee, Mitchell D. Folonie, Mrs. Robert J. Folsom, Mrs. Richard S. Foote, Peter Foreman, Mrs. Alfred K. Foreman, Mrs. E. G. Foreman, Edwin G., Jr. Foreman, Harold E. Forgan, James B., Jr. Forgan, Mrs. J. Russell Forgan, Robert D. Forman, Charles Forstall, James J. Fortune, Miss Joanna Foster, Mrs. Charles K. Foster, Volney Fowler, Miss Elizabeth Fox, Charles E. Fox, Jacob Logan Fox, Dr. Paul C. Frank, Dr. Ira Frank, Mrs. Joseph K. Frankenstein, Rudolph Frankenstein, William B. Frankenthal, Dr. Lester E., Jr. Frazer, Mrs. George E. Freedman, Dr. I. Val 398 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X Freeman, Charles Y. Freeman, Walter W. Freer, Archibald E. French, Dudley K. Frenier, A. B. Freudenthal, G. S. Freund, Charles E. Frey, Charles Daniel Freyn, Henry J. Fridstein, Meyer Friedlander, Jacob Friedlich, Mrs. Herbert Friedlund, Mrs. J. Arthur Friedman, Mrs. Isaac K. Friedman, Oscar J. Friend, Mrs. Henry K. Friestedt, Arthur A. Frisbie, Chauncey O. Frost, Mrs. Charles Fuller, Mrs. Charles Fuller, Mrs. Gretta Patterson Fuller, Judson M. Fuller, Leroy W. Furry, William 8. Furst, Eduard A. Gabathuler, Miss Juanita Gabriel, Charles Gaertner, William Gale, G. Whittier Gale, Henry G. Gall, Charles H. Gall, Harry T. Gallagher, Vincent G. Gallup, Rockwell Galt, Mrs. A. T. Gann, David B. Gansbergen, Mrs. F. H. Garard, Elzy A. Garcia, Jose Garden, Hugh M. G. Gardner, Addison L. Gardner, Addison Lissa ies Gardner, Henry A. Gardner, Mrs. James P. Garner, Harry J. Garrison, Dr. Lester E. Gary, Fred Elbert Gately, Ralph M. Gawne, Miss Clara J. Gay, Rev. A. Royal Gaylord, Duane W. Gear, H. B. Gehl, Dr. W. H. Gehrmann, Felix George, Mrs. Albert B. George, Fred W Gerding, R. W. Geringer, Charies M. Gerngross, Mrs. Leo Gerrity, Thomas Gerts, Walter S. Gettelman, Mrs. Sidney H. Getzofi, E. B. Gibbs, Dr. John Phillip Gibson, Dr. Stanley Gielow, Walter C. Giffert, Mrs. William Gite: Mrs. Frederick Gilbert, Miss Clara C. Gilchrist, Mrs. John F. Gilchrist, Mrs. William Albert Giles, Carl C. Gillette, Mrs. Ellen D. Gillman, Morris Gillson, Louis K. Ginther, Miss Minnie C. Girard, Mrs. Anna Glaescher, Mrs. G. W. Glasgow, H. A. Glasner, Rudolph W. Glenn, Mrs. J. M. Godehn, Paul M. Goedke, Charles F. Goehst, Mrs. John Henry Goes, Mrs. Arthur A. Golden, Dr. Isaac J. K. Goldenberg, Sidney D. Goldfine, Dr. Ascher H. C. Golding, Robert N. Goldstine, Dr. Mark T. Goldy, Walter I. Goode, Mrs. Rowland T. Gooden, G. E. Goodkind, Dr. Maurice L. Goodman, Benedict K. Goodman, W. J. Goodman, William E. Goodrow, William Goodwin, Clarence Norton Goodwin, George S. Gordon, Harold J. Gordon, Mrs. Robert D. Gorrell, Mrs. Warren Gradle, Dr. Harry S. Grady, Dr. Grover Q. Graf, Robert J. Graff, Oscar C. Graham, Douglas Graham, EK. V Graham, Miss Margaret H. Gramm, Mrs. Helen Granger, Alfred Granger, Mrs. Everett J. Grant, Alexander R. Grant, James D. Grant, John G. Graves, Howard B. Grawoig, Allen Gray, Mrs. Charles W. Green, Miss Mary Pomeroy Green, Robert D. Green, Zola C. Greenberg, Andrew H. Greenburg, Dr. Ira E. Greene, Carl D. Greene, Henry E. Greenebaum, James EH. Greenebaum, M. E., Jr. Greenlee, James A. Greenlee, Mrs. William Brooks Greenman, Mrs. Earl C. Gregory, Clifford V. pial Stephen Sidhe. Gregory, Tappan Grey, Charles F. Grey, Dr. Dorothy Griest, Mrs. Marianna L.. Griffenhagen, Mrs. Edwin O. Griffith, Mrs. Carroll L. Griffith, E. L. Griffith, Melvin L. Griffith, Mrs. William Griffiths, George W. Grimm, Walter H. Griswold, Harold T. Grizzard, James A. Gronkowski, Rev. C. I. Groot, Cornelius J. — Groot, Lawrence A. Gross, Henry R. Grossman, Frank I. Grotenhuis, Mrs. William J. Grotowski, Dr. Leon Gruhn, Alvah V. Grulee, Lowry K. Grunow, Mrs. William C. Guenzel, Louis Guest, Ward E. Gundlach, Ernest T. Gunthorp, Walter J. Gurley, Miss Helen K. Gwinn, William R. Haas, Adolph R. Haas, Maurice Haas, Dr. Raoul R. Hadley, Mrs. Edwin M. Hagen, Mrs. Daise Hagen, Fred J. Hagens, Dr. Garrett J. Haggard, John D. Hagner, Fred L. Haight, George I. Hair, T. R. JAN. 1936 Hajicek, Rudolph F. Haldeman, Walter S. Hale, Mrs. Samuel Hale, William B. Hall, David W. Hall, Edward B. Hall, Mrs. J. B. Hallmann, August F. Hallmann, Herman F. Halperin, Aaron Hamill, Charles H. Hamill, Mrs. Ernest A. Hamill, Robert W. Hamilton, Thomas B. Hamlin, Paul D. Hammerschmidt, Mrs. George F. Hammitt, Miss Frances M. Hammond, Mrs. Idea L. Hammond, Thomas S. Hand, George W. Hanley, Henry L. Hann, J. Roberts Hansen, Mrs. Carl Hansen, Jacob W. Harder, John H. Hardie, George F. Hardin, John H. Harding, Charles Ker Harding, George F. Harding, John Cowden Harding, Richard T. Hardinge, Franklin Harker, H. L. Harms, John V. D. Harper, Alfred C. Harris, Mrs. Abraham Harris, David J. Harris, Gordon L. Harris, Hayden B. Harris, Miss Martha E. Hart, Mrs. Herbert L. Hart, William M. Hartmann, A. O. Hartshorn, Kenneth L. Hartwell, Fred G. Hartwig, Otto J. Hartz, W. Homer Harvey, Hillman H. Harvey, Richard M. Harwood, Thomas W. Haskell, Mrs. George E. Haugan, Oscar H. Havens, Samuel M. Hay, Mrs. William Sherman Hayes, Charles M. Hayes, Harold C. Hayes, Miss Mary E. Haynie, Miss Rachel W. Hays, Mrs. Arthur A. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Hayslett, Arthur J. Hazlett, Dr. William H. Healy, Mrs. Marquette A. Heaney, Dr. N. Sproat Heaton, Harry E. Heaton, Herman C. Heberlein, Miss Amanda F. Heck, John Hedberg, Henry E. Heidke, Herman L. Heiman, Marcus Heine, Mrs. Albert Heineman, Oscar Heinzelman, Karl Heinzen, Mrs. Carl Heldmaier, Miss Marie Helfrich, J. Howard Heller, Albert Heller, John A. Heller, Mrs. Walter E. Hellman, George A. Hellyer, Walter Hemmens, Mrs. Walter P. Hemple, Miss Anne C. Henderson, Thomas B. G. Henkel, Frederick W. Henley, Eugene H. Hennings, Mrs. Abraham J. Henry, Huntington B. Henry, Otto Henshaw, Mrs. Raymond S. Herrick, Charles E. Herrick, Miss Louise Herrick, Walter D. Herron, James C. Herron, Mrs. Ollie L. Hershey, J. Clarence Hertz, Mrs. Fred Herwig, George Herwig, William D., Jr. Heun, Arthur Heverly, Earl L. Heyworth, Mrs. James O. Hibbard, Mrs. Angus S. Hibbard, Mrs. W. G. Higgins, John Higgins, John W. Higginbotham, Harlow D. Higley, Mrs. Charles W. Hildebrand, Eugene, Jr. Hildebrand, Grant M. Hill, Mrs. E. M. Hill, Mrs. Lysander Hill, Mrs. Russell D. Hill, William E. Hille, Dr. Hermann Hillebrecht, Herbert E. Hillis, Dr. David S. Himrod, Mrs. Frank W. 399 Hinkle, Ross O. Hinman, Mrs. Estelle S. Hinrichs, Henry, Jr. Hinsberg, Stanley K. Hinton, KE. W. Hintz, John C. Hird, Frederick H. Hirsch, Jacob H. Hiscox, Morton Histed, J. Roland Hixon, Mrs. Frank P. Hodgkinson, Mrs. W. R. Hoelscher, Herman M. Hoffman, Glen T. Hoffmann, Miss Caroline Dickinson Hoffmann, Edward Hempstead Hogan, Robert E. Hohman, Dr. E. H. Hoier, William V. Holden, Edward A. Holland, Dr. William E. Hollingsworth, R. G. Hollis, Henry L. Hollister, Francis H. Holmes, George J. Holmes, Miss Harriet F. Holmes, Mrs. Maud G. Holmes, William Holmes, William N. Holt, Miss Ellen Homan, Miss Blossom L. Honnold, Dr. Fred C. Honsik, Mrs. James M. Hoover, F. E. Hoover, Mrs. Frank K. Hoover, Mrs. Fred W. Hoover, H. Earl Hoover, Ray P. Hope, Alfred S. Hopkins, Farley Hopkins, Mrs. James M. Hopkins, John L. Horan, Dennis A. Horcher, William W. Horner, Dr. David A. Horner, Mrs. Maurice ibn dies Hornung, Joseph J. Horst, Curt A. Horton, George T. Horton, Hiram T. Horton, Horace B. Hosbein, Louis H. Hosmer, Philip B. Hottinger, Adolph Howard, Mrs. Elmer A. Howard, Harold A. Howard, Willis G. Howe, Charles Arthur Howe, Clinton W. 400 FirELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X Howe, Warren D. Howe, William G. Howell, Albert S. Howell, William Howse, Richard Hoyne, Thomas Temple Hoyt, Frederick T. Hoyt, Mrs. Phelps B. Hubbard, George W. Huber, Dr. Harry Lee Hudson, Mrs. H. Newton Hudson, Walter L. Hudson, William E. Huey, Mrs. A. S. Huff, Thomas D. Huggins, Dr. Ben H. Hughes, John E. Hughes, John W. Hulbert, Mrs. Charles Pratt Hulbert, Mrs. Milan H. Hume, John T. Humphrey, H. K. Huncke, Herbert S. Huncke, Oswald W. Hunter, Samuel M. Hurley, Edward N., Jr. Huston, W. L. Huston, Ward T. Huszagh, R. LeRoy Huszagh, Ralph D. Hutchinson, Foye P. Hutchinson, Samuel S. Hyatt, R. C. Hynes, Rev. J. A. Ickes, Raymond Idelman, Bernard Ilg, Robert A. Inlander, Samuel Irons, Dr. Ernest E. Isaacs, Charles W., Jr. Isham, Henry P. Ives, Clifford E. Jackson, Allan Jackson, Archer L. Jacobi, Miss Emily C. Jacobs, Hyman A. Jacobs, Julius Jacobs, Louis G. Jacobson, Raphael Jaeger, George J., Jr. Jaffe, Dr. Richard Herman Jaffray, Mrs. David S. James, Edward P. James, William R. Jameson, Clarence W. Janusch, Fred W. Jaques, Mrs. Louis Tallmadge Jarchow, Charles C. Jarratt, Mrs. Walter J. Jefferies, F. L. Jeffery, Mrs. Thomas B. Jenkins, David F. D. Jenkins, Mrs. John E. Jenkinson, Mrs. Arthur Gilbert Jenks, William Shippen Jennings, Ode D. Jennings, Mrs. Rosa V. Jerger, Wilbur Joseph Jetzinger, David Jirka, Dr. Frank J. Jirka, Dr. Robert H. John, Dr. Findley D. Johnson, Albert M. Johnson, Alvin O. Johnson, Arthur L. Johnson, Mrs. Harley Alden Johnson, Isaac Horton Johnson, Joseph F. Johnson, Nels E. Johnson, Mrs. O. W. Johnson, Olaf B. Johnson, Philip C. Johnson, Ulysses G. Johnston, Arthur C. Johnston, Edward R. Johnston, Mrs. Hubert McBean Johnston, Mrs. M. L. Johnstone, Dr. A. Ralph Johnstone, George A. Johnstone, Dr. Mary Ss M.S. Jones, Albert G. Jones, G. Herbert Jones, James B. Jones, Lester M. Jones, Dr. Margaret M. Jones, Melvin Jones, Miss Susan E. Jones, Warren G. Joseph, Louis L. Joy, Guy A. Joyce, David G. Joyce, Joseph Judah, Noble Brandon Juergens, H. Paul Julien, Victor R. Junker, Miss Elsa W. Junkunc, Stephen Kaercher, A. W. Kahn, Gus Kahn, J. Kesner Kahn, Louis Kaine, James B. Kane, Jerome M. Kanter, Jerome J. Kaplan, Nathan D. Karpen, Michael Kaspar, Otto Katz, Mrs. Sidney L. Katzenstein, Mrs. George P. Kauffman, Mrs. R. K. Kauffmann, Alfred Kavanagh, Clarence H. Kavanagh, Maurice F. Kay, Mrs. Marie E. Keefe, Mrs. George I. Keehn, George W. aa Mrs. Theodore Keene, Mrs. Joseph Keeney, Albert F. Kehl, Robert Joseph Keith, Stanley Kelker, Rudolph F., Jr. Kellogg, John L. Kellogg, Mrs. M. G. Kelly, Edward T. Kelly, James J. Kemp, Mrs. E. M. Kempner, Harry B. Kempner, Stan Kendall, Mrs. Virginia H. Kendrick, John F. Kennedy, Miss Leonore Kennelly, Martin H. Kent, Dr. O. B. Keogh, Gordon E. Kern, Trude Kersey, Glen B. Kerwin, Edward M. Kesner, Jacob L. Kiessling, Mrs. Charles S. Kilbourne, L. B Kile, Miss Jessie J. Kimbark, Mrs. Eugene Underwood Kimbark, John R. King, Joseph H. Kingman, Mrs. Arthur G. Kinney, Mrs. Minnie B. Kinsey, Frank Kinsey, Robert S. Kintzel, Richard Kircher, Rev. Julius Kirchheimer, Max Kirkland, Mrs. Weymouth Kitchell, Howell W. Kittredge, R. J. Kitzelman, Otto Klein, Arthur F. Klein, Henry A. Klein, Mrs. Samuel Kleinpell, Dr. Henry H. JAN. 1936 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 401 Kleist, Mrs. Harry Kleppinger, William H. Kleutgen, Dr. Arthur C. Lane, F. Howard Lane, Ray E. Lane, Wallace R. Ligman, Rev. Thaddeus Lillie, Frank R. Lindahl, Mrs. Edward J. Kline, Sol Lang, Edward J. Linden, John A. Klinetop, Mrs.CharlesW. Lang, Mrs. W. J. Lindheimer, B. F. Klink, A. F. Lange, Mrs. August Lindholm, Charles V. Knox, Harry S. Langenbach, Mrs. AliceR. Lindquist, J. E. Knutson, George H. Langhorne, George Tayloe Lingle, Bowman C. Koch, Paul W. Langworthy, Benjamin Linton, Ben B. Koch, Raymond J. Kochs, August Kochs, Mrs. Robert T. Kohl, Mrs. Caroline L. Kohler, Eric L. Kohlsaat, Edward C. Komiss, David S. Konsberg, Alvin V. Kopf, William P. Kosobud, William F. Kotal, John A. Kotin, George N. Koucky, Dr. J. D. Kovac, Stefan Kraber, Mrs. Fredericka Kraft, C. H. Kraft, James L. Kraft, Norman Kralovec, Emil G. Kralovec, Mrs. Otto J. Kramer, Leroy Kraus, Peter J. Kraus, Samuel B. Krause, John J. Kretschmer, Dr. Herman L. Kritchevsky, Dr. Wolff Kroehl, Howard Kropff, C. G. Krost, Dr. Gerard N. Krueger, Leopold A. Krutckoff, Charles Kuehn, A. L. Kuh, Mrs. Edwin died bes Kuhl, Harry J. Kuhn, Frederick T. Kuhn, Dr. Hedwig S. Kunka, Bernard J. Kunstadter, Albert Kunstadter, Sigmund Kurtzon, Morris Lacey, Miss Edith M. LaChance, Mrs. Leander H. Laflin, Mrs. Louis E. Laflin, Louis E., Jr. LaGuske, Mrs. Chester Lampert, Wilson W. Lamson, W. A. Lanahan, Mrs. M. J. Landry, Alvar A. Franklin Lansinger, Mrs. John M. Larimer, Howard 8. Larson, Bror O. Lashley, Mrs. Karl 8. Lasker, Albert D. Lau, Max Lauren, Newton B. Lauritzen, C. M. Lauter, Mrs. Vera Lautmann, Herbert M. Lavezzorio, Mrs. J. B. Lawless, Dr. Theodore K. Lawson, A. J. Lawson, Mrs. Iver N. Lawton, Frank W. Laylander, O. J. Leahy, Thomas F. Learned, Edwin J. Leavell, James R. Leavitt, Mrs. Wellington Lebensohn, Dr. Mayer H. Lebold, Samuel N. Lebolt, John Michael Lederer, Dr. Francis L. Lee, Mrs. John H. S. Lefens, Miss Katherine J. Lefens, Walter C. Lehmann, Miss Augusta E. Leichenko, Peter M. Leight, Mrs. Albert E. Leistner, Oscar Leland, Miss Alice J. Leland, Mrs. Roscoe G. LeMoon, A. R. Lenz, J. Mayo Leonard, Arthur G. Leonard, Arthur T. Leopold, Foreman N. Leslie, John H. Letts, Mrs. Frank C. Levan, Rev. Thomas F. Leverone, Louis E. Levinson, Mrs. Salmon O. Levitan, Benjamin Levitetz, Nathan Levy, Alexander M. Levy, Arthur G. Lewis, David R. Lewy, Dr. Alfred Libby, Mrs. C. P. Liebman, A. J. Lipman, Robert R. Liss, Samuel Little, Mrs. E. H. Littler, Harry E., Jr. Livingston, Julian M. Livingston, Mrs. Milton L. Llewellyn, Mrs. John T. Llewellyn, Paul Lloyd, Edward W. Lloyd, William Bross Lobdell, Mrs. Edwin L. Lockwood, W. S. Loeb, Mrs. A. H. Loeb, Hamilton M. Loeb, Jacob M. Loeb, Leo A. Loesch, Frank J. Loewenberg, Israel S. Loewenberg, M. L. Loewenstein, Sidney Loewenthal, Richard J. Logan, John I. Logan, L. B. Long, Mrs. Joseph B. Long, William E. Lord, Arthur R. Lord, Mrs. Russell Loring, Edward D. Loucks, Charles O. Louer, Albert S. Love, Chase W. Lovell, William H. Lovgren, Carl Lownik, Dr. Felix J. Lucey, Patrick J. Ludington, Nelson J. Ludolph, Wilbur M. Lueder, Arthur C. Luehr, Dr. Edward Lufkin, Wallace W. Luria, Herbert A. Lurie, H. J. Lustgarten, Samuel Lutter, Henry J. Lydon, Mrs. William A. Lyford, Harry B. Lynch, William Joseph Lyon, Charles H. Lyon, Frank R. Lyon, Mrs. Thomas R. Maass, J. Edward Mabee, Mrs. Melbourne 402 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X MacCardle, H. B. MacDonald, E. K. MacDougal, Mrs. T. W. Mackey, Frank J. Mackinson, Dr. John C. MacLeish, Mrs. Andrew MacLellan, K. F Magan, Miss Jane A. Magill, Henry P. Magill, Robert M. Magnus, Albert, Jr. Magnus, August C. Maher, Mrs. D. W. Main, Walter D. Malone, William H. Manaster, Harry Mandel, Mrs. Aaron W. Mandel, Edwin F. Mandel, Mrs. Emanuel Mandel, Miss Florence Mandel, Mrs. Robert Manegold, Mrs. Frank W. Manierre, Francis E. Manierre, Louis Manley, John A. Mann, Albert C. Mann, John P. Manson, David Marcus, Maurice S. Mark, Mrs. Cyrus Marks, Arnold K. Marquis, A. N. Marsh, A. Fletcher Marsh, John MeWilliams, II Marsh, Mrs. John P. Marsh, Mrs. Marshall S. Martin, Mrs. Franklin H. Martin, George F. Martin, Samuel H. Martin, W. B. Martin, Wells Marx, Frederick Z. Marzluff, Frank W. Marzola, Leo A. Mason, Phelps Mason, Willard J. Massee, B. A. Massena, Roy Massey, Peter J. Masterson, Peter Mathesius, Mrs. Walther Matson, J. Edward Matter, Mrs. John Matthiessen, Frank Matz, Mrs. Rudolph Matz, Miss Ruth H. Maurer, Dr. Siegfried Maxwell, Lloyd R. Mayer, Isaac H. Mayer, Oscar F. Mayer, Theodore S. McAuley, John E. McBirney, Mrs. Hugh J. McBride, Mrs. Walter J. McCahey, James B. McCarthy, Edmond J. McCarthy, Joseph W. McClellan, Dr. John H. McCluer, William Bittinger McClun, John M. McCord, Downer McCormack, Professor Harry McCormick, Mrs. Alexander A. McCormick, Mrs. Chauncey McCormick, Fowler McCormick, Howard H. McCormick, Leander J. McCormick, Robert [Bley dies McCoy, Herbert N. McCraken, Miss Willietta McCrea, Mrs. W. S. McCready, Mrs. E. W. McCreight, Louis Ralph McDougal, Mrs. James B. McDougal, Mrs. Robert McDougall, Mrs. Arthur R. McErlean, Charles V. McGarry, John A. McGrath, George E. McGraw, Max McGurn, Mathew S. McHugh, Mrs. Grover McIntosh, Arthur T. McIntosh, Mrs. Walter G. McKay, James M. McKeever, Buell McKinney, Mrs. Hayes McLaury, Mrs. C. W. McLaury, Walker G. McMenemy, L. T. MeMillan, John McMillan, W. B. MeMillan, William M. McNamara, Louis G. McNulty, Joseph D. McQuarrie, Mrs. Fannie MeVoy, John M. Medsker, Dr. Ora L. Melchione, Joseph Melendy, Dr. R. A. Melnick, Leopold B. Merrell, John H. Merrill, Henry S. Merrill, William W. Merz, Edward E. Metz, Dr. A. R. Metzel, Mrs. Albert J. Meyer, Mrs. A. H. Meyer, Abraham W. Meyer, Albert Meyer, Charles Z. Meyer, Sam R. Meyer, William Meyercord, George R. Midowicz, C Milhening, Frank Milhening, Joseph Miller, Charles B. Miller, Mrs. Clayton W. Miller, Mrs. Darius Miller, Mrs. F. H. Miller, Hyman Miller, John S. Miller, Dr. Joseph L. Miller, Mrs. Olive Beaupre Miller, Oscar C. Miller, Mrs. Phillip Miller, R. T. Miller, Walter E. Miller, Mrs. Walter H. Miller, William E. Miller, William 8S. Mills, Allen G. Mills, Fred L. Mills, John, Sr. Mills, Mrs. William S. Miner, Dr. Carl S. Miner, H. J. Minotto, Mrs. James Minturn, Benjamin E. Mitchell, Charles D. Mitchell, George F. Mitchell, John J. Mitchell, Mrs. John J. Mitchell, Leeds Mitchell, Oliver Mock, Dr. Harry Edgar Moderwell, Charles M. Moeling, Mrs. Walter G. Moeller, Rev. Herman H. Moffatt, Mrs. Elizabeth M. Mohr, William J. Moist, Mrs. Samuel E. Molloy, David J. Moltz, Mrs. Alice Monaghan, Thomas H. Monheimer, Henry I. Monroe, William S. Montgomery, Dr. Albert H. Moore, C. B. Moore, Philip Wyatt Moos, Joseph B Moran, Brian T. Moran, Miss Margaret Morey, Charles W. JAN. 1936 Morf, F. William Morgan, Alden K. Morgan, Mrs. Kendrick E. Morrill, Nahum Morris, Edward H. Morris, Eugene C. Morris, Mrs. Seymour Morrison, Mrs. Charles E. Morrison, Mrs. Harry Morrison, James C. Morrison, Matthew A. Morrisson, James W. Morse, Mrs. Charles J. Morse, Leland R. Morse, Mrs. Milton Morse, Robert H. Mortenson, Mrs. Jacob Morton, Sterling Morton, William Morris Moses, Howard A. Moss, Jerome A. Mouat, Andrew Mowry, Louis C. Mudge, Mrs. John B. Muehlstein, Mrs. Charles Mueller, Austin M. Mueller, Miss Hedwig H. Mueller, J. Herbert Mueller, Paul H. Mulford, Miss Melinda Jane Mulholand, William H. Mulligan, George F. Murphy, John P. V. Murphy, Robert E. Musselman, Dr. George H. Naber, Henry G. Nadler, Dr. Walter H. Naess, Sigurd E. Nash, Charles J. Nathan, Claude Naugle, Mrs. Archibald Nebel, Herman C. Neely, Miss Carrie Blair Neely, Mrs. Lloyd F. Nehls, Arthur L. Neilson, Mrs. Francis Nellegar, Mrs. Jay C. Nelson, Charles G. Nelson, Donald M. Nelson, Murry Nelson, N. J. Nelson, Mrs. Oliver R. Nelson, Victor W. Netcher, Mrs. Charles Neu, Clarence L. Neuffer, Paul A. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Neumann, Arthur E. Newhall, R. Frank Newhouse, Karl Nichols, Mrs. George R. Nichols, Mrs. George leroy dite Nichols, J. C. Nichols, S. F. Nicholson, Thomas G. Nitze, Mrs. William A. Noble, Samuel R. Noelle, Joseph B. Nollau, Miss Emma Noonan, Edward J. Norcross, Frederic F. Norris, Mrs. Lester Norris, Mrs. William W. Norton, R. H. Novak, Charles J. Noyes, A. H. Noyes, Allan S. Noyes, David A. Noyes, Mrs. May Wells Nusbaum, Mrs. Carl B. Nyman, Dr. John Egbert Oates, James F. Oberfelder, Herbert M. Oberfelder, Walter S. O’Brien, Frank J. O’Brien, Miss Janet Odell, William R. Odell, William 1e, dhe O’Donnell, Miss Rose Off, Mrs. Clifford Offield, James R. Oglesbee, Nathan H. O’Keefe, Mrs. Dennis D. Olcott, Mrs. Henry C. Oldefest, Edward G. O’Leary, John W. Oliver, Gene G. Oliver, Mrs. Paul Olson, Gustaf Omo, Don L. Oppenheimer, Alfred Oppenheimer, Mrs. Harry D. Oppenheimer, Julius Orndoff, Dr. Benjamin H. O’Rourke, Albert Orr, Mrs. Eleanor N. Orr, Mrs. Robert C. Orr, Thomas C. Orthal, A. J. Ortmayer, Dr. Marie Osborn, Theodore L. Ostrom, Charles S. Ostrom, Mrs. James Augustus 403 Otis, J. Sanford Otis, Joseph E. Otis, Joseph Edward, Jr. Otis, Ralph C. Otis, Raymond Otis, Stuart Huntington Otis, Mrs. Xavier L. Ouska, John A. Owings, Mrs. Nathaniel A. Paasche, Jens A. Packard, Dr. Rollo K. Paepcke, Walter P. Page-Wood, Gerald Pagin, Mrs. Frank S. Pam, Miss Carrie Pardridge, Albert J. Pardridge, Mrs. E. W. Park, R. E. Parker, Frank B. Parker, Dr. Gaston C. Parker, Norman S. Parker, Troy L. Parks, C. R. Parmelee, Dr. A. H. Partridge, Lloyd C. Paschen, Mrs. Henry Patrick, Miss Catherine Patrick, Dr. Hugh T. Pauling, Edward G. Payne, Professor James Peabody, Mrs. Francis S. Peabody, Howard B. Peabody, Miss Susan W. Peacock, Robert E. Peacock, Walter C. Pearse, Langdon Pearson, F. W. Pearson, George Albert, Jr. Peck, Dr. David B. Peet, Mrs. Belle G. Peet, Fred N. Peirce, Albert E. Pelley, John J. Peltier, M. F. PenDell, Charles W. Percy, Dr. Nelson Mortimer Perkins, A. T. Perkins, Mrs. Herbert F. Perry, Dr. Ethel B. Perry, I. Newton Peter, William F. Peterkin, Daniel Peters, Harry A. Petersen, Jurgen Petersen, Dr. William F. Peterson, Albert Peterson, Alexander B. Peterson, Mrs. Anna J. Peterson, Arthur J. 404 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoRTS, VOL. X Peterson, Axel A. Peterson, Mrs. Bertha I. Pettersen, Fred A. Pflaum, A. J. Pflock, Dr. John J. Phelps, Mrs. W. L. Phemister, Dr. Dallas B. Phillip, Peter Phillips, Herbert Morrow Picher, Mrs. Oliver 8. Pick, Albert, Jr. Pick, George Pierce, J. Norman Pierce, Paul, Jr. Pirie, Mrs. John T. Pitcher, Mrs. Henry L. Pitzner, Alwin Frederick Plapp, Miss Doris A. Platt, Mrs. Robert S. Plunkett, William H. Podell, Mrs. Beatrice Hayes Polk, MA: Stella F. Pollock, Dr. Harry L. Pomeroy, Mrs. Frank W. Pond, Irving K. Pool, Marvin B. Pool, Mrs. W. Cloyd Poole, Mrs. Frederick Arthur Poole, George A. Poole, Mrs. Ralph H. Poor, "Fred A. Poor, Mrs. Fred A. Pope, Frank Pope, Henry Pope, Herbert Poppenhagen, Henry J. Porter, Mrs. Frank S. Porter, Henry H., Jr. Porter, James F. Porterfield, Mrs. John F. Post, Frederick, Jr. Post, Gordon W. Post, Mrs. Philip Sidney Pottenger, William A. Pottenger, Miss Zipporah Herrick Powell, Isaac N. Prahl, Frederick A. Pratt, Mrs. William E. Prentice, John K. Primley, Walter S. Prince, Rev. Herbert W. Prince, Leonard M. Proxmire, Dr. Theodore Stanley Prussing, Mrs. George C. Prussing, Mrs. R. E. Psota, Dr. Frank J. Puckey, F. W. Pulver, Hugo Purcell, Joseph D. Purdy, "Sparrow E. Pusey, Dr. William Allen Putnam, Miss Mabel C. Quigley, William J. Quinlan, Dr. William W. Raber, Franklin Radau, Hugo Radford, Mrs. W. A., Jr. Radniecki, Rev. Stanley Raff, Mrs. Arthur Raftree, Miss Julia M. Railton, Miss Frances Raithel, Miss Luella Randall, Charles P. Randall, Rev. Edwin J. Randall, Irving Randle, Mrs. Charles H. Randle, Guy D. Raney, Mrs. R. J. Rankin, Miss Jessie H. Rasmussen, George Ray, Hal. S. Raymond, Mrs. Howard D. Razim, A. J. Reach, Benjamin F. Reach, William Redington, F. B. Redington, Mrs. W. H. Reed, Mrs. Kersey Coates Reed, Norris H. Reed, Mrs. Philip L. Reed, T. J. Reeve, Mrs. Earl Reeve, Frederick E. Reffelt, Miss F. A. Regenstein, Joseph Regensteiner, Theodore Regnery, William H. Reich, Miss Annie Reichmann, Alexander F. Reid, Mrs. Bryan Reiter, Joseph J. Remy, Mrs. William Renshaw, Mrs. Charles Renwick, Edward A. Rew, Mrs. Irwin Reynolds, Harold F. Reynolds, Mrs. Henry J. Reynolds, Mrs. J. J. Rice, Arthur L. Rice, George L. Rice, Laurence A. Rich, Edward P. Rich, Elmer Richards, J. DeForest Richards, Marcus D. Richardson, George A. Richardson, Guy A. Richter, Mrs. Adelyn W. Rickcords, Francis S. Ricketts, C. Lindsay Riddle, Herbert H. Ridgeway, Ernest Ridgway, William Riemenschneider, Mrs. Julius H Ries, Dr. Emil Rieser, Mrs. Herman Rieser, Leonard M. Rietz, Elmer W. Rietz, Walter H. Rigney, William T. Rinder, E. W. Ring, Miss Mary E. Ripstra, J. Henri Rittenhouse, Charles J. Robbins, Percy A. Roberts, Clark T. Roberts, Mrs. John Roberts, John M. Roberts, Dr. S. M. Roberts, Mrs. Warren R. Roberts, William Munsell Robinson, Mrs. Milton E. Robson, Miss Sarah C. Roche, Miss Emily Rockwell, Harold H. Roderick, Solomon P. Rodgers, Dr. David C. Rodman, Thomas Clifford Roehling, C. E. Roehling, Mrs. Otto G. Roehm, George R. Rogers, Miss Annie T. Rogers, Bernard F., Jr. Rogers, Dr. Cassius C. Rogers, Joseph E. Rogerson, Everett E. Rolfes, Gerald A. Romer, Miss Dagmar E. Root, John W. Rosen, M. R. Rosenbaum, Mrs. Edwin S. Rosenfeld, Mrs. Maurice Rosenfield, Mrs. Morris 8. Rosenfield, William M. Rosenthal, Benjamin J. Rosenthal, James Rosenthal, Kurt Rosenthal, Lessing Rosenwald, Richard M. Ross, Charles 8. Ross, Robert C. Ross, Mrs. Robert E. Ross, Thompson Ross, Walter S. JAN. 1936 Roth, Aaron Roth, Mrs. Margit Hochsinger Rothacker, Watterson R. Rothschild, George William Rothschild, Maurice L. Rothschild, Melville N. Routh, George E., Jr. Rowe, Edgar C. Rozelle, Mrs. Emma Rubel, Dr. Maurice Rubens, Mrs. Charles Ruckelhausen, Mrs. Henry Rueckheim, Miss Lillian Ruel, John G. Rushton, Joseph A. Russell, Dr. Joseph W. Russell, Paul S. : Rutledge, George E. Ryan, Henry B. Ryerson, Mrs. Edward L. Ryerson, Joseph T. Sackley, Mrs. James A. Sage, W. Otis Salisbury, Mrs. Warren M. Salmon, Mrs. E. D. Sammons, Wheeler Sandidge, Miss Daisy Sands, Mrs. Frances B. Santini, Mrs. Randolph Sardeson, Orville A. Sargent, Chester F. Sargent, John R. W. Sargent, Ralph Sauter, Fred J. Sauter, Leonard J. Sawyer, Dr. Alvah L. Schacht, John H. Schaffer, Dr. David N. Schaffner, Mrs. Joseph Schaffner, Robert C. Scheidenhelm, Edward L. Scheinman, Jesse D. Schermerhorn, W. I. Schlake, William Schmidt, Dr. Charles L. Schmidt, Mrs. Minna Schmitz, Dr. Henry Schmitz, Nicholas J. Schneider, F. P. Schnering, Otto Y. Schnur, Ruth A. Scholl, Dr. William M. Schram, Harry S. Schreiner, Sigurd Schroeder, Dr. George H. Schukraft, William ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Schulman, A. S. Schulze, Mrs. Mathilde Schulze, William Schupp, Philip C. Schuyler, Mrs. Daniel Aas ke. Schwanke, Arthur Schwartz, Charles K. Schwartz, Charles P. Schwarz, Herbert E. Schwarzhaupt, Emil Sclanders, Mrs. Alexander Seott, Frank H. Seott, Robert L. Scribner, Gilbert Seully, Mrs. D. B. Seaman, George M. Seames, Mrs. Charles O. Sears, J. Alden Sears, Richard W., Jr. Seaver, Andrew E. Seaverns, George A. Seaverns, Louis C. See, Dr. Agnes Chester Seeberger, Miss Dora A. Seeburg, Justus P. Seifert, Mrs. Walter J. Seip, Emil G. Seipp, Clarence T. Seipp, Edwin A. Seipp, William C. Sello, George W. Sencenbaugh, Mrs. G. W. Seng, Frank J. Seng, V. J. Senne, John A. Sennekohl, Mrs. A. C. Shaffer, Carroll Shaffer, Charles B. Shambaugh, Dr.GeorgeE. Shanesy, Ralph D. Shannon, Angus Roy Shapiro, Meyer Sharpe, N. M. Shaw, Alfred P. Shaw, Mrs. Howard Shaw, Theodore A. Sheehy, Edward Sheldon, James M. Shelton, Dr. W. Eugene Shepherd, Mrs. Edith P. Sherman, Mrs. Francis Crist: Shields, James Culver Shillestad, John N. Shire, Moses E. Shoan, Nels Shorey, Clyde E. Short, Miss Shirley Jane Shoup, A. D. Shumway, Mrs. Edward DeWitt 405 Sidley, William P. Siebel, Mrs. Ewald H. Sigman, Leon Silander, A. I. Silberman, Charles Silberman, David B. Silberman, Hubert S. Sills, Clarence W. Silverthorne, George M. Simond, Robert E. Simonds, Dr. James P. Sincere, Benjamin E. Sinclair, Dr. J. Frank Singer, Mrs. Mortimer H. Sitzer, Dr. L. Grace Powell Skooglund, David Sleeper, Mrs. Olive C. Smith, Mrs. C. R. Smith, Mrs. Emery J. Smith, Mrs. Frank S. Smith, Franklin P. Smith, Harold Byron Smith, Jens Smith, Jesse E. Smith, Mrs. Katherine Walker Smith, Mrs. Kinney Smith, Samuel K. Smith, Mrs. Theodore White Smith, Walter Bourne Smith, Walter Byron Smith, Mrs. William A. Smith, Z. Erol Smullan, Alexander Snow, Edgar M. Snow, Fred A. Snyder, Harry Socrates, Nicholas Solem, Dr. George O. Sonnenschein, Hugo Sonnenschein, Dr. Robert Sonneveld, Jacob Soper, Henry M. Soper, James P., Jr. Sopkin, Mrs. Setia H. Soravia, Joseph Sorensen, James Spencer, Mrs. William M. Spiegel, Mrs. Frederick W. Spiegel, Mrs. Mae O. Spitz, Joel Spitz, Leo Spitzglass, Mrs. Leonard M. Spohn, John F. Spooner, Charles W. Spoor, Mrs. John A. Sprague, Dr. John P. Springer, Mrs. Samuel 406 FimLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X Squires, John G. Staack, Otto C. Stacey, Mrs. Thomas I. Staley, Miss Mary B. Stanton, Dr. E. M. Stanton, Edgar Stanton, Henry T. Starbird, Miss Myrtle I. Starrels, Joel Stearns, Mrs. Richard I. Stebbins, Fred J. Steffens, Ralph Sutherland Steffey, David R. Stein, Benjamin F. Stein, Dr. Irving Stein, L. Montefiore Stenson, Frank R. Sterba, Dr. Joseph V. Stern, Alfred Whital Stern, David B. Stern, Felix Stern, Maurice 8. Stern, Oscar D. Stevens, Delmar A. Stevens, Edward J. Stevens, Elmer T. Stevens, Harold L. Stevens, James W. Stevens, Mrs. James W. Stevens, R. G. Stevenson, Dr. Alexander F. Stevenson, Engval Stewart, Miss Agnes Nannie Stewart, Miss Eglantine Daisy Stewart, James S. Stewart, Miss Mercedes Graeme Stibolt, Mrs. Carl B. Stiger, Charles W. Stirling, Miss Dorothy Stockton, Eugene M. Stone, Mrs. Jacob S. Strandberg, Erik P. Straus, David Straus, Martin L. Straus, Melvin L. Straus, S. J. T. Strauss, Dr. Alfred A. Strauss, Henry X. Strauss, John L. Street, Mrs. Charles A. Strobel, Charles L. Stromberg, Charles J. Strong, Edmund H. Strong, Mrs. Walter A. Strotz, Harold C. Struby, Mrs. Walter V. Stulik, Dr. Charles Sturges, Solomon Sturtevant, Henry D. Sullivan, John J. Sulzberger, Frank L. Sutcliffe, Mrs. Gary Sutherland, William Sutton, Harold I. Swan, Oscar H. Swanson, Joseph E. Swartchild, Edward G. Swartchild, William G. Swenson, S. P. O. Swett, Robert Wheeler Swift, Alden B. Swift, Mrs. Alden B. Swift, Edward F., Jr. Sykes, Mrs. Wilfred Taft, John H. Taft, Mrs. Oren E. Tarrant, Robert Tatge, Mrs. Gustavus J. Taylor, Charles C. Taylor, George Halleck Taylor, J. H Teagle, E. W. Templeton, Stuart J. Templeton, Walter L. Templeton, Mrs. William Terry, Foss Bell Teter, Lucius Thatcher, Everett A. Theobald, Dr. John J. Thomas, Emmet A. Thomas, Frank W. Thomas, Mrs. Harry L. Thomas, Dr. William A. Thompson, Arthur H. Thompson, Charles E. Thompson, Charles F. Thompson, Edward F. Thompson, Fred L. Thompson, Floyd E. Thompson, Dr. George F. Thompson, Mrs. John R. Thompson, John R., Jr. Thompson, Mrs. Leverett Thorne, Hallett W. Thorne, James W. Thornton, Dr. Francis E. Thorp, Harry W. Thresher, C. J. Thulin, F. A. Tibbetts, Mrs. N. L. Tighe, Mrs. Bryan G. Tilden, Averill Tilden, Louis Edward Tilt, Charles A. Tobias, Clayton H. Torbet, A. W. Touchstone, John Henry Towle, Leroy C. Towler, Kenneth F. Towne, Mrs. John D. C. Trainer, J. Milton Traylor, Mrs. Dorothy J. Tredwell, John Tripp, Chester D. Trombly, Dr. F. F. Trowbridge, Raymond W. Trude, Mrs. Mark W. Tucker, S. A. Turner, Alfred M. Turner, Tracy L. Tuthill, Mrs. Beulah L. Tuttle, F. B. Tuttle, Henry Emerson Tuttle, Mrs. Henry N. Tyler, Albert S. Tyler, Mrs. Orson K. Tyrrell, Mrs. Perey Uhlmann, Fred Ullman, Mrs. N. J. Ullmann, Herbert S. Upham, Mrs. Frederic W. Valentine, Joseph L. Valentine, Mrs. May L. Valentine, Patrick A. VanCleef, Mrs. Noah VanCleef, Paul VanDeventer, Christopher VanNess, Gardiner B. VanSchaack, R. H., Jr. VanSchaick, Gerard Van Winkle, James Z. VanZwoll, Henry B. Vaughan, Leonard H. Vawter, William A., II Veeder, Mrs. Henry Veeder, Miss Jessie Vehe, Dr. K. L. Vehon, Morris Vial, Charles H. Vial, Miss Mary M. Vickery, Miss Mabel S. Victor, Mrs. Jessie K. Vierling, Louis Vincent, Mrs. William Watkins Volicas, Dr. John N. Volk, Mrs. John H. VonColditz, Dr. G. Thomsen- VonGlahn, Mrs. August Voorhees, Mrs. Condit Voynow, Edward E. Wagner, Fritz, Jr. Wagner, Dr. G. W. Wagner, John E. JAN. 19386 Walgreen, Mrs. Charles R. Walker, James Walker, Mrs. Paul Walker, Samuel J. Walker, William E. Wallace, Robert Y. Wallace, Walter F. Waller, H. P. Waller, J. Alexander Waller, Mrs. James B. Waller, James B., Jr. Wallerich, George W. Wallovick, J. H. Walther, Mrs. S. Arthur Ward, Mrs. N. C. Ware, Mrs. Charles W. Warfield, Edwin A. Warner, Mrs. Ezra J. Warner, Mrs. John Eliot Warren, Allyn D. Warren, J. Latham Warren, Paul C. Warren, Paul G. Warren, Walter G. Warwick, W. E. Washburne, Clarke Washburne, Hempstead, Jr. Washington, Laurence W. Wassell, Joseph Waterman, Dr. A. H. Watson, William Upton Watts, Harry C. Watzek, J. W., Jr. Waud, E. P. Wayman, Charles A. G. Wean, Frank L. Weaver, Charles A. Webb, George D. Webb, Mrs. Thomas J. Weber, Bernard F. Weber, Frank C. Webster, Arthur L. Webster, Miss Helen R. Wedelstaedt, H. A. Weil, Martin Weiler, Rudolph Weiner, Charles Weinstein, Dr. M. L. Weinzelbaum, Louis L. Weis, Samuel W. Weisbrod, Benjamin H. Weiss, Mrs. Morton Weissenbach, Mrs. Minna K. Weisskopf, Maurice J. Weisskopf, Dr. Max A. Welles, Mrs. Donald P. Welles, Mrs. Edward Kenneth ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Wells, Arthur H. Wells, Harry L. Wells, John E. Wells, Preston A. Wells, Thomas E. Wells, Mrs. Thomas E. Wendell, Barrett, Jr. bi aces Miss Josephine Werner, Frank A. West, J. Roy West, Miss Mary Sylvia Westerfeld, Simon Westrich, Miss T. C. Wetten, Albert H. Wettling, Louis E. Weymer, Earl M. Whealan, Emmett P. Wheeler, George A. Wheeler, Leo W. Wheeler, Leslie Wheeler, Leslie M. Wheeler, Mrs. Robert C. Whinery, Charles C. White, Harold F. White, Mrs. James C. White, James E. White, Joseph J. White, Richard T. White, Sanford B. White, Selden Freeman Whitehouse, Howard D. Whiting, Mrs.Adele H. Whiting, Lawrence H. Wiborg, Frank B. Widdicombe, Mrs. R. A. Wieland, Charles J. Wieland, Mrs. George C. Wienhoeber, George V. Wilder, Harold, Jr. Wilder, Mrs. John E. Wilder, Mrs. T. E. Wilker, Mrs. Milton W. Wilkins, George Lester Wilkins, Miss Ruth Wilkinson, Mrs. George L. Wilkinson, John C. Willey, Mrs. Charles B. Williams, Dr. A. Wilberforce Williams, Miss Anna P. Williams, Harry Lee Williams, J. M. Williamson, George H. Willis, Paul, Jr. Willis, Thomas H. Wills, H. EB. Wilms, Herman P. 407 Wilson, Mrs. E. Crane Wilson, Harry Bertram Wilson, Mrs. John R. Wilson, Miss Lillian M. Wilson, Morris Karl Wilson, Mrs. Robert Conover Wilson, Mrs. Robert E. Winans, Frank F. Windsor, H. H., Jr. Winston, Mrs. Bertram Winston, Hampden Winston, James H. Winter, Irving Wojtalewicz, Rev. Francis M. Woley, Dr. Harry P. Wolf, Mrs. Albert H. Wolf, Walter B. Wolff, Louis Wood, Mrs. Gertrude D. Wood, Mrs. Harold F. Wood, John H. Wood, Kay, Jr. Wood, Robert E. Wood, William G. Woodmansee, Fay Woodruff, George Woods, Weightstill Worcester, Mrs. Charies H. Work, Robert Worth, Miss Helen E. Wrenn, Mrs. Everts Wright, H. C. Wright, Warren Wrigley, Mrs. Charles W. Wunderle, H.O Wyeth, Harry B. Yegge, C. Fred Yerkes, Richard W. Yondorf, John David Yondorf, Milton S. Yondorf, Milton S., Jr. Young, George W. Young, Hugh E. Zabel, Max W. Zapel, Elmer Zeisler, Mrs. Erwin P. Zerler, Charles F. Ziebarth, Charles A. Zimmer, Mrs. Rudolph E. Zimmerman, Herbert P. Zimmerman, Louis W. Zork, David Zulfer, P. M. 408 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X DECEASED, 1935 Andrews, Alfred B. Gorham, Sidney Smith Powell, Mrs. Ambrose V. Gorman, George E. Bach, Julius H. Gray, Rev. James M. Roloson, Robert M. Beacom, nas . Gulbransen, Axel G. Rubovits, Toby Bensinger, Benjamin E. as Bletsch, William E. Hoyne, Frank G. Shockey; ae Hultgen, Dr. Jacob F. Slocum » E Caldwell, Mrs. F. C. Sith Si cae Cushing, John F. Karpen, Adolph Sinn aE ein, Edwar d Daniels, H. L. Lathrop, Mrs. Bryan hammers Douglass, W. A. S bet Lo, 8 ro ee ga Mandl, Sans é betitematen sca ckstein, H. G. Mansure, Edward L. ; h Marhoefer, Edward H. Vopicka, Cha Fahrney, Emery H. McLennan, Mrs. John A. Wentworth, Mrs. Fisher, Walter L. Merrill, James 8. Moses J. Meyer, Oscar Whiting, J. H. Glaser, Edward L. More, Roland R. Wolf, Henry M. NON-RESIDENT ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Those, residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, who have contributed $50 to the Museum Baum, Mrs. James Phillips, Montagu Austin Day, Mrs. Winfield S. Stevens, Edmund W. SUSTAINING MEMBERS Those who contribute $25 annually to the Museum Alsip, Mrs. Charles H. pee Miss Lucia Swiecinski, Walter Bender, Daniel H. Caen cis Titzel, Dr. W. R. Berkson, Mrs. Maurice 4 Voorhees, H. Belin Cox, William D. Knopi, Andrew J. Young, Mrs. Florsheim, Harold M. Rothschild, Justin Caryl B. ANNUAL MEMBERS Those who contribute $10 annually to the Museum Adams, Harvey M. Allen, John D. Anderson, Mrs. A. W. Adams, Hugh R. Alrutz, Dr. Louis F. Anderson, Dr. Amabel A. Adams, Miss Jane Alschuler, Samuel Anderson, Arch W. Agar, W.S. Alt, George E. Anderson, Harry Alden, William T. Altheimer, Ben J. Anderson, O. Helge Alessio, Frank Alton, Robert Leslie Anheiser, Hugo Alexander, Mrs. H.G.B. Amberg, J. Ward Ankrum, Mrs. E. W. Alexander, Harry T. Amberg, Miss Mary Agnes Anoff, Isador S. Allen, C. W. Ames, Rev. Edward S. Anthony, Charles E. Allen, Frank W. Amory, W. Austin Anthony, Joseph R. JAN. 1936 Applegate, Mrs. Harry R. Armstrong, Horace White Arnold, George G. Arnold, Mrs. Lloyd Arthur, Miss Minnie J. Ashcraft, Edwin M., IIT Atkeisson, Dr. J. E. H. Atwood, Fred G. Austin, E. F. Austin, Edwin C. Axelson, Charles F. Ayer, Mrs. Walter Babcock, Charles S. Bachmeyer, Dr. Arthur C. Bacon, Dr. Alfons R. Bacon, Dr. Charles S. Baginski, Mrs. Frank Baird, Mrs. Hilda Baker, C. M. Balderston, Mrs. Stephen V. Ballard, Mrs. E. S. Bankard, E. Hoover, Jr. Barnes, Harold O. Barnes, Mrs. Harold Osborne Barrett, Mrs. A. M. Barrett, Miss Adela Barrett, M. J. P. Barter, Leonard H. Bartholomay, William, Jr. Bartholomew, Mrs. F. H. Bartoli, Peter Barton, L. R. Baumann, Mrs. F. O. Beach, Calvin B. Bean, Edward H. Beatty, Mrs. R. J. Beatty, S. Frank Becker, H. Kirke Beddoes, Hubert Beers-Jones, L. Bell, George Irving Bennett, Edward H. Bennett, Mrs. Reid M. Bennington, Harold Benson, Mrs. T. R. Bentley, Richard Beresford, Charles Evelyn Berg, Sigard E. Berger, Dr. John M. Berger, R. O. Bergh, Ross F. Berlizheimer, Miss Lily A. Bertol, Miss Aurelia Bertram, Mrs. S. W. Bestel, Oliver A. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Biddle, Robert C. Bielfeldt, P. W. Biggs, Mrs. Joseph Henry Binz, William C. Bird, Herbert J. Birkenstein, Louis Bishop, Mrs. W. H. Bissell, Miss Mary S. Black, Carl M. Black, Herman Blackburn, Burr Blocki, Mrs. Fred W. Blocki, Fritz Blomquist, Alfred Blue, Dr. Robert Blum, Henry S. Blumberg, Nathan S. Blythe, Mrs. J. W. Boardman, Mrs. Ronald P. Bolin, Mrs. George Bond, William A. Bond, William Scott Bonfield, James Borcherding, E. P. Borneman, Fred B. Borwell, Mrs. Robert C. Bothman, Dr. Louis Bournique, Alvar L. Bournique, Eugene A. Bowen, Joseph T., Jr. Bowman, Jay Bowman, Mrs. Jay Boyd, E. B. Boyd, Mrs. T. Kenneth Boyer, Mrs. J. E. Brachvogel, Mrs. Christiana Bradley, Herbert E. Braese, Mrs. Otto C. Brant, Mrs. C. M. Brashears, J. W. Braudy, Mrs. Louis C. Bremner, Dr. M. D. K. Brewster, William E. Briney, Mrs. H. C. Briney, Dr. William F. Broome, John Spoor Broome, Mrs. Thornhill Broomell, Chester C. Brower, Jule F. Brown, Mrs. James J. Brown, Miss Ella W. Brown, Gerard S. Brown, Guy Brown, H. A. Brown, H. S. Brown, J. D. Brown, Dr. Ralph C. Brown, William A. Browne, Theodore C. 409 Brucker, Dr. Matthew W. Brumley, Daniel Joseph Brunker, A. R. Buchen, Walther Buck, Nelson Earl Buck, Mrs. O. J. Buckingham, Mrs. John Buckley, Mrs. Warren Buell, Mrs. Charles C. Buell, James H. Buethe, W. C. Buker, Edward Bull, Richard §S. Bullard, Sellar Bullivant, L. J. Bunnell, John A. Bunte, Mrs. Theodore W. Bunting, Guy J. Burch, Mrs. W. E. Burgmeier, John M. Burket, Dr. Walter C. Burnet, Mrs. W. A. Burnham, Daniel H. Burnham, Hubert Burns, Mrs. John S. Burridge, Mrs. Howard J. Burrows, Miss Louisa L. Busch, Francis X. Bushman, Andrew K. Buswell, Mrs. Henry Lee Butler, Comfort S. Butler, Mrs. Gerald M. Byfield, Ernest L. Byrnes, William Jerome Cable, Arthur G. Callahan, Mrs. A. F. Camenisch, Edward T. Campbell, Argyle Campbell, Donald A. Campbell, Mrs. John G. Campe, Frank O. Canavan, J. Newell Capper, Miss M. M. Cardelli, Mrs. Giovanni Carlson, John F. Carpenter, F. D. Carpenter, John Alden Carr, Dr. James G. Carrington, Edmund Carry, Mrs. Edward F. Carter, Mrs. C. B. Case, Amos H. Case, J. Amos Cassady, Mrs. Thomas G. Castle, Sydney Caswell, Mrs. A. B. Cathcart, James A. Cauvins, Miss Ellen M. Cervenka, John A. Chamberlin, Mrs. Dale E. 410 FreLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X Chandler, Charles H. e erauens Dr. Fremont Chandler, George M. Chandler, W. W. Chapin, Mrs. Chester W. Chapin, Rufus F. Chase, Carroll G. Chase, Samuel T. Chesrow, Dr. Eugene Joseph Chessman, L. W. Chester, Miss Virginia Childs, Kent C. Chinnock, Mrs. Ronald L. Chrissinger, Horace B. Christensen, Henry C. Cini, Soly Clague, Mrs. Stanley, Sr. Clancy, James F. Clark, A. B. Clark, Charles T. Clark, Mrs. Ralph E. Clark, Robert H. Clarke, Broadus J. Clarke, David R. Clarke, Mrs. Philip R. Claussen, Edmund J. Clement, Dr. Charles C. Cleveland, Mrs. A. F. Clifford, Thomas B. Clinch, Mrs. George Owens Clissold, Edward T. Clizbe, Mrs. F. O. Coburn, Alonzo J. Coe, Frank Galt Coe, Mrs. Schuyler M. Coen, T. M Coffman, A. B. Cohen, A. E. Coleman, Mrs. Adelbert E. Coleman, B. R. Coleman, Hamilton Collins, Arthur W. Collins, Charles W. Collins, Mrs. Frank P. Compton, Mrs. Arthur H. Condon, Thomas J. Converse, Earl M. Cook, Louis T. Cook, Paul W. Cook, Sidney A. Coolidge, Dr. Edgar D. Coon, Owen L. Coon, Robert E. Cooper, R., Jr. Coppel, Mrs. Charles H. Corbin, Mrs. Dana Corper, Erwin Cottell, Miss Louisa Cowan, Mrs. Grace L. Cozzens, Mrs. Frederick B. Craddock, John F. Cragg, Mrs. George L. Craig, Mrs. Alfred E. Cramer, Mrs. Ambrose Crawford, Adam W. Crellin, Miss Mary F. Crosby, Mrs. Frederick W. Crowell, Dr. Bowman Corning Culbertson, Mrs. James A. Cuneo, Frank Cunningham, Robert Cunningham, Robert M. Cunningham, Secor Cuppaidge, Mrs. G. O. Curtis, D. C. Curtis, John G. Cuscaden, Fred A. Cushman, Dr. Beulah Dahlberg, Dr. A. A. Dahle, Isak Daniel, Norman Danielson, Reuben G. Darrow, Paul E. Darrow, Mrs. William W. ME aoe George H., ip David, Sigmund W. Davies, William B. Davis, Mrs. Charles P. Davis, Charles S. Davis, Mrs. F. Ben Davis, Paul H. Davis, Ralph W. Day, Mrs. Lewis J. Dean, William D. Deane, Henry Towner DeBarry, C. D. Decker, Hiram E. Deffenbaugh, Walter I. Defrees, Mrs. Joseph H. Degener, August W. Deimel, Mrs. Jerome L. Deininger, Mrs. D. M. Demaree, H. S. Denison, Mrs. John Porter Denison, John W. Deniston, Mrs. Albert J., Jr. DePeyster, Frederic A. Depue, Oscar B. D’Esposito, Joshua Deutsch, Mrs. Anna C. Dick, Mrs. Edison Dickinson, J. David Dillbahner, Frank Dixon, Mrs. Wesley M. Donath, Otto Donnelley, Thorne Dorney, Rev. Maurice A. Dosch, Henry C Drake, L. J Drake, Lyman M. Drell, Mrs. J. B. Dreutzer, Carl Drew, Miss E. L. Drezmal, Max A. Dreyfus, Maurice M. Drielsma, I. J Duffy, Mrs. Thomas E. Dulsky, Louis Dunmer Mrs. William Duncan, W. S. Durr, Mrs. Herbert A. Easter, Adolph H. Eaton, Leland E. Eckhouse, Mrs. Herbert F. Edgar, David W. Edmonds, H. O. Egloff, Dr. Gustav Ehrman, Walter E. Ehrmann, Dr. Fred J. E. Eisendrath, Miss Elsa B. Eitel, Emil’ Eldred, Mrs. Harriot W. Elfborg, Mrs. Henry Elich, Mrs. Herman Ellbogen, Mrs. Max Elliott, Dr. Clinton A. Elliott, Francke C. Embree, J. W., Jr. Emerson, R. W. Emery, Mrs. William H. Engberg, Miss Ruth M. Engelhart, Frank C. Enos, Earl E. Epstein, Mrs. Arnold Erickson, H. E. Erickson, Samuel E. Erminger, Mrs. H. B., Jr. Espenshade, Mrs. E. Be Estes, Clarence E. Ettelson, Samuel A. Eulass, Elmer A. Evans, Mrs. Arthur T. Everett, Edward W. Evers, John W., Jr. Exo, Arnold H. Fabrice, Edward H. Falls, Dr. F. H. Farquharson, William J. JAN. 1936 Farwell, Albert D. Felsenthal, Herman Fenner, W. L. Fenton, J. R. Ferry, Mrs. Frank Field, Mrs. J. A. Field, Mrs. Wentworth G. Findlay, Dr. Ephraim K. Fischer, Mrs. Louis E. Fisher, Stephen J. Fisher, Thomas H. Fisher, Mrs. W. A. Fitzpatrick, Mrs. T. F. Flood, E. J. Florsheim, Leonard S. Flory, Owen O. Flynn, Maurice J. Foley, Mrs. John Burton Follett, Dwight W. Folsom, Mrs. William R. Forch, Mrs. John L., Jr. Ford, Mrs. Edwin S. Ford, Dr. James W. Forrest, Maulsby Forrester, Mrs. W. W. Fowler, Edgar C. Fowler, Gordon F. Fowler, Walter E. Fox, Professor Philip Frank, Miss Margaret Frankhauser, Miss Kathryne Frazee, Seward C. Freehof, Dr. Solomon B. Freiler, Abraham J. Fremont, Miss Ruby French, Bayless W. French, Dr. Thomas M. Freund, Erwin O. Frick, Mrs. H. A. Frieder, Edward N. Friedlander, Maurice Friedrichs, Mrs. Edith E. Fulton, D. B. Gable, Harley O. Gabrielianz, Dr. Alexander Gale, Abram Gallagher, Miss Grace Gallauer, Carl Galloway, Dr. Charles E. Gamble, James A. Gano, David R. Gantner, Edward George Gardiner, Mrs. John L. Gardner, Robert H. Gates, Philip R. Geraghty, Mrs. Thomas F. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Gibbs, Dr. William W. Gilchrist, Miss Harriet F. Giles, Miss A. H. Gilkes, William H. Glade, George H., Jr. Glader, Frank J. Gladish, David F. Gledhill, Edward Glover, John Glynn, Mrs. John E. Goble, Mrs. E. R. Goddard, Mrs. Convers Goldberg, Mrs. Sol H. Goldfinger, Miss Annie Goldie, George G. Goldman, Mrs. Louis Goldsmith, Henry M. Goldsmith, Mitchel Goodkin, Alexander Gordon, Miss Bertha F. Gowenlock, Mrs. T. R. Graffis, Herbert Gramm, Dr. Carl T. Grauer, Milton H. Graves, Mrs. George E. Gray, William A. Gray, Mrs. William S. Graydon, Charles E. Green, Walter H. Greene, Miss Rosa B. Greenebaum, Mrs. Esther Greenhouse, Jacob Greenlee, William B. Greenlee, Mrs. Ralph S. Gregory, Mrs. Robert B. Grein, Joseph Grey, Newton F. Gridley, Mrs. Martin M. Griesel, Edward T. Griffith, Mrs. G. H. Groebe, Louis G. Guettler, H. W. Guilliams, John R. Guinan, James J. Gunderson, Mrs. George O. Gunkel, George F. Gunnar, Mrs. H. P. Haerther, William W. Hagey, J. F. Hajek, Henry F. Hall, Arthur B. Hall, Harold Hail, Harry Hall, Henry C. Hall, Louis W. Hallett, L. F. Hamblen, J. C. Hamilton, Mrs. Chester F. Hamilton, Hugo A. Ail Hamilton, J. R. Hamline, Mrs. John H. Hamm, Fred B. Hansen, Adolph H. Hanson, August E. Hanson, Martin J. Se Mrs. Burt Harding, Mrs. Charles F. Harmon, Hubert P. Harpel, Mrs. Charles J. Harper, James H. Harriman, Frank B. Harris, Ewart Harris, Frank F. Harrison, William H. Harrold, James P. Harshaw, Myron T. Hart, Mrs. G. H. Hart, Mrs. Harry Hart, Louis E. Hart, Max A. Hart, Robert H. Hart, Mrs. Walter H. Hartigan, Clare Hartwick, H. J. Harvey, Byron 8. Harvey, Mrs. Harold B. Haskell, L. A. Haskins, Mrs. Virginia W. Hattstaedt, Mrs. John J. Haven, Mrs. Alfred C. Hawkes, Joseph B. Hawkinson, Dr. Oscar Hawthorne, Vaughn R. Healy, John J. Hebel, Oscar Hebert, Mrs. Louis A. Heckel, Edmund P. Hedley, Arthur H. Hedman, Mrs. C. M. Heg, Ernest Heide, Bernard H. Heifetz, Samuel Heinz, W. W. Helebrandt, Louis Heller, Ward Hemington, Dr. Francis Henderson, B. E. Henderson, Edward E. Heneage, Thomas H. Henne, E. A. Henneberry, Mrs. George F. Hennessy, James Henning, Charles F. Henning, Mrs. Helen E. Henriksen, H. M. Henschel, Edmund C. Herring, Garner 412 FirLpD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X Hess, Edward J. Hess, Mrs. J. H. Hess, Sol H. Hessler, John B. Heubach, Mrs. Lydia Heymann, L. H Hibbard, Angus S. Hicks, E. L., Jr. Hicks, Mrs. Ernest H. High, Mrs. George H. High, Shirley T. Hill, Mrs. Cyrus G. Hill, Mrs. Frank L. Hill, Miss Meda A. Hills, Edward R. Hillyer, John T. Hilton, Henry H. Hirsch, Mrs. Cora S. Hirsh, Morris Henry Hoadley, Mrs. Arthur G. Hoag, Mrs. Junius C. Hobson, Professor Asher Hodge, Thomas P. Holden, Charles R. Holliday, W. J. Holm, Gottfried - Holman, Scott A. Holt, McPherson Holter, Charles C. Hooge, Dr. Ludwig F. Hooper, A. F. Hopkins, James M., Jr. Horton, Warren C. Hoskinson, James M. Houston, Mrs. Thomas J. Howard, P. S. Hoyt, N. Landon, Jr. Hoyt, William M., II Hubachek, Frank Brookes Hubbell, William J. Huebsch, Mrs. Helen M. Huettmann, Fred Huffman, Frank C. Hufty, Mrs. F. P. Hughes, George A. Hughitt, Mrs. Marvin Huguenor, Lloyd B. Hull, Morton D. Hungerford, Mrs. L. S. Hunt, George C. Hurd, Harry B. Hurley, Frank J. Hutchinson, Mrs. C. L. Hutchison, Miss Jean Hyman, Mrs. David A. Hyndman, Mrs. A. H. Igoe, Mrs. Michael L. Illian, Arthur J. G. Ingersoll, Stephen L. Irwin, Amory T. Jackson, R. W. Jackson, W. H. Jackson, William F. Jacobs, E. G. Jacobs, Walter H. Jacobs, Whipple James, Dr. R. L. Jamieson, Norman R. Janata, Louis J. Jarchow, Mrs. C. E. Jarvis, William B. Jeffers, Roy S. Jeffries, Dr. Daniel W. Jenner, Mrs. Austin Jennings, Mrs. C. A. Jennings, S. C Jewett, Miss J osephine J. Jicha, R. Charles Johnson, B. W. Johnson, Edmund G. Johnson, Frank Johnson, Mrs. Perry R. Johnston, Ira B. Johnstone, Mrs. Bruce Jones, A. R., Sr. Jones, Mrs. C. A. Jones, Howard B. Jones, Leslie N. Jones, Mrs. Morgan T. Jones, Oliver Jones, Owen Barton Joy, James A. Judd, Mrs. Robert Augustine Judson, Clay Kaempfer, F. W., Jr. Kaempfer, Fred Kahlke, Dr. Charles E. Kann, Max M. Kannally, Michael V. Kanter, Dr. Aaron E. Karger, Mrs. Samuel I. Karpen, Solomon Kates, A. T. Katz, Solomon Kaufmann, Dr. Gustav L. Kaumeyer, Mrs. E. A. Keene, William J. Keith, Dr. Robert P. Kelley, L. Thomas Kellogg, James G. Kellogg, John Payne Kelly, Frank S. Kelly, Mrs. Haven Core Kelly, William P. Kemper, W. R. Kendall, H. R. Kenly, Mrs. William K. Kennedy, David E. Kennedy, Lesley Keplinger, W. A. Kestnbaum, Meyer Keyser, Charles F. Kimball, William W. Kindsvogel, W. G. King, David E. King, Mrs. Nelora S. King, Mrs. W. H. Kirchheimer, Mrs. William Kirk, Joseph H. Kirkpatrick, Donald Klee, Mrs. Nathan Klein, Mrs. A. S. Klein, Dr. David Kleinschmidt, Edward Klotz, Edward C Knapp, Charles 8S. Knobbe, John W. Knott, Mrs. Stephen R. Kobin, Mrs. William C. Koepke, Frank J. Kohl, Clarence E. Kohn, Mrs. Frances J. Kohout, Joseph, Jr. Kolar, Miss Gwendolyn Lucille Kolstad, Odin T. Kort, George Krebs, Charles E. Kress, William G. Kreusser, Mrs. O. T. Krier, Ambrose J. Kuehn, Miss Katherine Kuehn, Oswald L. Kuhns, Mrs. H. B. LaCamp, Miss Augusta Laemmle, Mrs. Louis LaForge, Dr. Alvin W. Laird, Robert S. Lange, A. G. Langford, Joseph P. Langrill, W. E. Lanman, E. B. Laramore, Florian Eugene Larson, Simon P. Lasch, Charles F. Lau, Mrs. John Arnold Lavidge, Arthur W. Law, M. A. Law, Mrs. Robert O. Lawson, Miss Mary J. Lazelle, L. L. Leach, Porter F. Leary, Thomas J. Lee, Edward T. Lee, Mrs. W. George Leigh, Maurice Leitch, Mrs. Walter C/ Leitzell, Mrs. Samuel N. Leonard, George Edwaid | JAN. 1936 Leslie, John Woodworth Lettermann, A. L Levin, I. Archer Levin, Louis Levis, Mrs. Albert Cotter Levis, John M. Levy, Mrs. Arthur K. LeWald, W. B. Lewis, Mrs. Walker O. L’Hommedieu, Arthur Lichtenstein, Miss Lydia Lichtenstein, Walter Liebenthal, John Henry Lieboner, William S. Lifvendahl, Dr. Richard A. Lindley, Arthur F. Lindley, Mrs. Fred W. Lindsay, Mrs. Martin Lipman, Abraham List, Paulus Lobdell, Harry H. Loeb, Arthur A. Loehr, Karl C. Loewenherz, Emanuel Logan, Frank G Loomis, Miss Marie Ludlam, Miss Bertha S. Luther, Miss Edith Lutz, J. George Lydston, Mrs. G. Frank MacArthur, Fred V. Macdonald, Mrs. Marion MacEachern, Dr. M. T. Macfarland, Mrs. Henry J. Macfarland, Lanning MacFerran, Charles S. MacKechnie, Dr. Hugh N. Mackenzie, G. I. Mackenzie, Mrs. G. S. Mackworth, Mrs. Isabel MacLean, Miss Viola Edna Macomb, J. DeNavarre Malkov, David S. Manaster, Henry Manheimer, Arthur E. Manierre, John T. Mann, Howard Mansfield, Alfred W. Marks, Frank H. Marling, Mrs. Franklin, Jr. Marnane, James D. Marshall, J. Waller Marston, Mrs. T. B. Martin, Ralph H. Martin, Robert W. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Martin, Webb W. Mathews, Mrs. Grace Matthews, Francis E. Matthews, J. H. May, Mrs. George T., Jr. May, Sol Mayer, Edwin W. C. Mayer, Frank D. Mayer, Herman J., Jr. Mayer, Oscar G. Mayer, Richard McAllister, M. Hall McCarty, Mrs. James J. McClelland, Mrs. E. B. McConnell, Mrs. A. Howard McCormick, Alister H. McCormick, Miss Elizabeth D. McCoy, Charles S. McCoy, Frank R. McCracken, Harry 8. McCreight, Miss Gladys Alizabeth McDonald, Lewis McDougall, Mrs. Edward G. McFadden, Everett R. McGregor, James P. McGuinn, Edward B. McGuire, Simms D. McHenry, Roland McKay, Charles R. McKay, Miss Mabel McKibbin, Mrs. GeorgeB. McKiernan, Mrs. Donald D. McKinstry, W. B. McLaughlin, Mrs. George D. McLaughlin, Dr.James H. McLaughlin, Mrs. Jesse L. McLean, Miss Sarah McNamara, Robert C. McNamee, Peter F. McPherson, Donald F. McSurely, Mrs. William H. Mead, H. B. Mead, Dr. Henry C. A. Mears, Grant S. Mechem, J. C. Meek, Miss Margaret E. Meeker, Arthur Mehlhope, Clarence E. Meigs, James B. Melville, Hugh M. Metzger, Charles Herman 413 Meyer, Alfred C. Meyer, Mrs. George J. Michaels, Everett B. Milchrist, Frank T. Miller, Charles J. Miller, Henry G. Millsaps, J. H. Mitchell, Mrs. George R. Moment, Asher Montgomery, John R. Moore, Mrs. Agnes C. Moore, Dr. Beveridge H. Moore, E. E. Moore, Mrs. J. W. Moore, Merritt S. Moore, Nathan G. Moore, Oscar L. Morgan, Clarence Moroney, John J. Morris, Ira Nelson Morris, Thomas J. Morrison, Mrs. C. R. Morton, Dr. Edward C. Moser, Paul Mower, Mrs. Roswell C. Mowry, Robert D. Mueller, Dr. E. W. Mulcahy, Mrs. Michael F. Mulford, Frank B. Munroe, Moray Murfey, E. T. R. Murphy, Henry C. Murphy, J. P Nance, Willis D. Napier, William C. Nath, Bernard Nau, Otto F. Neeves, Leland K. Nelson, Arthur W. Nelson, Byron Nelson, Charles M. Nelson, William H. Nessler, Robert W. Nevins, John C. Nevotti, Joseph J. Newcomet, Horace E. Newey, J. W. Newman, Mrs. H. H. Newman, Hugh Newman, Mrs. Jacob Newman, Montrose Niblack, Mrs. William C. Nichols, Mrs. Leslie H. Nicholson, Mrs. Frank G. Nicholson, W. S. Nickerson, J. F- Nieland, Mrs. Mollie Bahr 414 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPORTS, VOL. X Nixon, Mrs. George F. Noble, C. W. Noble, R. Shreve Noee, Miss Grace Georgette Nolan, Mrs. James J. Norman, Dan Norman, Harold W. Norris, Eben H. North, Mrs. F. 8. Northrup, Lorry R. Norton, Ellery Notheis, Mrs. J. F. Noyes, Ernest H. Nutting, C. G. Obenchain, Miss Jeannette Brown Oberman, Mrs. Abraham M. Obermeyer, Charles B. O’Brien, M. J. Ochsner, Dr. Edward H. Oesterblom, I. Oldberg, Dr. Eric Oleson, Dr. Richard Bartlett Olin, Edward L. Olin, Dr. Harry D. Olmstead, Ralph W. Orb, Mrs. Marie S. Ormsby, Mrs. Frank FE. Osborn, Mrs. Gertrude L. Osborne, Raymond Osgood, William T. O’Shaughnessy, John P. Ossendorff, Dr. K. W. Ostrander, R. M. O’Toole, Mrs. Bartholomew Outcault, Mrs. Richard op die. Owen, C. N. Palmer, Robert F. Pardee, Mrs. Lucius C. Parker, George S. Parker, W. H. Parmelee, Dwight S. Parsons, Bruce Patch, Mrs. G. M. Patterson, Mrs. L. B. Patterson, Mrs. Wallace Pauley, Clarence O. Paver, Paul W. Payne, Mrs. T. D. Peacock, Charles D. Pearl, Allen S. Pearson, F. J. Peck, Mrs. Robert G. Pencik, Miles F. Pentecost, Lewis J. Pepple, Mrs. Eloise D. Perkins, C. W. Perrenot, Mrs. O. M. Perryman, Mrs. Hattie S. Person, Peter P. Peruchietti, Miss Anna Peters, Miss Bernice E. Peterson, Dr. A. B. Petrie, Dr. Scott Turner Pfeiffer, Mrs. Jacob Pflager, Charles W. Phelps, Erastus R. Phillips, Howard C. Pickell, J. Ralph Pietsch, Walter G. Pigall, Mrs. Joseph S. Pillsbury, Millard B. Place, F. E. Plamondon, Alfred D. Plath, Karl Plattenburg, S. R. Plummer, Daniel C., Jr. Pond, Miss Gayle Pond, George F. Pontarelli, Mrs. Michael Pontius, Dr. John R. Potts, Mrs. W. G. Prescott, Patrick B., Jr. Price, William D. Prindle, James H. Pringle, Mrs. James E. Pritchard, N. H. Pritchard, Mrs. Richard E. Prosser, H. G. Pulver, Henri Pierre Purrucker, Miss Louise M. Putnam, Rufus W. Puttkammer, Mrs. Ernst Pyterek, Rev. Peter H. Quarles, Albert M. Quarrie, William F. Quetsch, L. J. Quinlan, James T. Quisenberry, T. E. Rader, Bud H. Raim, Dr. William Ramis, Leon Lipman Randall, C. M. Randall, Clarence B. Rankin, A. J. Rankin, Mrs. Julian J. Ranney, Mrs. George A. Raulf, Mrs. Carl A. Rawlings, Mrs. I. D. Ray, Harry K. Raymond, Mrs. CliffordS. Rayner, Mrs. Arno P. Rayner, Frank Rayner, Lawrence Rea, Miss Edith Read, Mrs. J. J. Redfield, C. E. Reed, Mrs. Frank C. Reed, Mrs. Frank D. Reed, Rufus M. Reed, Walter S. Regensburg, James Rein, Lester E. Reiss, William ReQua, Mrs. Charles H. Reuss, Mrs. Henry H. Reynolds, Mrs. G. William Rice, Mrs. Charles R. Rice, Granville Rice, Joseph J. Rice, Mrs. W. W. Rice, William Wallace Rich, Harry Richards, James Donald Richardson, Dr. Maurice L. Richert, John C. Richter, Arthur Rick, Miss Florence Rickard, Mrs. Fay E. Riel, George A. Righeimer, Miss Lucy F. Riley, Mrs. Harry A. Ritchie, Mrs. John Ritter, Emil W. Roadifer, W. H. Robbins, Laurence B. Robinson, Miss Nellie Robson, Mrs. Oscar Roche, Stephen F. Rockhold, Mrs. Charles W. Rockwell, Theodore G. Roden, Carl B. Roe, Miss Carol F. Rogers, Walter A. Rolnick, Dr. Harry C. Roodhouse, Benjamin T. Rooks, Irvin Rosenbaum, Julius Rosenberg, Mrs. Bernhard Rosenfeld, M. J. Rosenfels, Mrs. Irwin 8. Roth, Allen Benjamin Roth, Arthur J. Roth, Lester Rowell, Dr. L. W. Rowland, James E. Rowley, Clifford A. Rowley, William A. _ Roy, Mrs. Ervin L. ~ Rubovits, Theodore JAN. 1936 Rudin, John Rynder, Ross D. Sadler, Mrs. Fred D. Saggars, Wayne Sample, John Glen Sanborn, Mrs. V. C. Sawyer, Dr. C. F. Sayers, Mrs. A. J. Sayre, Dr. Loren D. Sayre, Louis T. Scallan, John William Schaar, Bernard E. Schafer, O. J. Schaffner, Arthur B. Schaus, Carl J. Scheel, Fred H. Scherer, Andrew Schermerhorn, Richard A. Schiff, Sydney K. Schmidt, Theodore Schmitt, Mrs. George J. Schnadig, E. M. Schrader, Miss Harriet N. Schramm, Charles F. Schultz, Walter H. Schulze, John E. Schulze, Paul Schupp, Robert W. Schwab, Martin C. Schwede, Charles W. Schweitzer, E. O. Schweizer, Carl Scofield, Clarence P. Scott, George H. Scott, Walter A. Scott, Dr. Walter Dill Scudder, W. M. Seaman, Henry L. Seanor, Harry E. Sears, Miss Dorothy Seaton, G. Leland Selig, Lester N. Sellers, Mrs. O. R. Selz, Emanuel Senear, Dr. F. E. Senne, Walter C. Seubold, Dr. F. H. Sexton, Mrs. Thomas G. Shaffer, Mrs. Norman P. Shanahan, David E. Shaw, Mrs. A. W. Sheahan, Miss Marie Shepard, Guy C. Sheridan, L. J. Sherman, Edwin Sherman, H. C. Sherman, Mrs. W. W. Shippey, Mrs. Charles W. Shiverick, Mrs. A. F. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Shoemaker, W. H. Short, J. R. Shrader, Frank K. Sieck, Herbert Sievers, William H. Silber, Clarence J. Sillani, Mrs. Mabel W. Simmons, Mrs. Charles R. Simons, Hi Simpson, Mrs. Anita Simpson, C. G. Singer, Albert B. Sjostrom, Otto A. Skog, Mrs. Ludvig Slade, John C. Slade, William F. Slaney, J. C. Smale, William Smith, Charles Herbert Smith, Mrs. E. A. Smith, Glen E. Smith, Henry Justin Smith, Hermon Dunlap Smith, J. Parker Smith, Reynold S. Smithwick, J. G. Snite, Fred B. Somerville, Mrs. Helen Sparrow, Mrs. W. W. K. Speed, Dr. Kellogg Speer, Earl D. Spencer, Egbert H. Speyer, Mrs. George W. Sprague, Albert A., Jr. Spray, Cranston Spry, George Stanbury, Dr. C. E. Stanley, Miss E. C. Stark, Rev. Dudley S. States, Wilmer M. Steece, F. B. Steele, Leo M. Steele, Sidney J. Steffensen, Sigurd Stein, Lawrence M. Steinfeldt, Dr. C. R. Steinson, Henry G. Stephenson, Mrs. Elmer E. Stern, Mrs. Alfred Stern, Jacob S. Steven, Mrs. Leslie Berwyn Stevens, Miss Charlotte M. Stevens, Miss Katharine M. Stewart, Mrs. George Craig Stewart, George R. Stewart, William Stifler, Mrs. J. M. 415 Stift, Miss Louise A. Stilwell, George L. Storkan, Mrs. James Stransky, Franklin J. Straub, Mrs. Walter F. Straus, Arthur W. Strawbridge, C. H. Street, C. R. Strigl, F. C. Strom, Walter H. Stumes, Charles B. Sturla, Harry L. Sturtevant, Roy E. Sudler, Carroll H., Jr. Sullivan, Grey Summers, L. F. Sundell, Ernest W. Sundlof, F. W. Supplee, Cochran Swanson, Frank E. Swift, Mrs. Nathan B. Swift, T. Philip Sylvester, Miss Ada I. Symmes, William H. Tankersley, J. N. Tansey, Thomas F. Taylor, Edmund H. Taylor, Frank F. Taylor, L. S. Teller, George L. Temps, Leupold Tevander, Mrs. Olaf N. Tewson, William EB. Theurer, Mrs. Peter S. Thomas, Mrs. J. Elmer Thomas, John J. Thomason, Samuel E. Thompson, Miss Lucille C. Thompson, Mrs. Slason Thompson, Mrs. W. B. Throop, George Enos Thurman, E. B. Tinling, C. F. M. Tippett, William M. Todd, A. Tonk, Percy A. Topping, John R. Towner, Miss Elizabeth W. Towner, Frank H. Tracy, Howard Van S. Trainer, William O. Traver, George W. Tremain, Miss Eloise R. Triggs, Charles W. Trowbridge, E. C. Trude, Mrs. A. S. True, Charles H. 416 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY—REPoORTS, VOL. X Truman, Percival H. Trumbull, Miss Florence Tyler, Alfred C. Ullmann, Mrs. Albert I. Utley, George B Vaill, Mrs. J. H. VanArtsdale, Mrs. Flora VanDeventer, W. E Ls ee Mrs. George VanSchaack, Mrs. C. P. Varde, C. M. Varley, C. E. Varty, Leo G. Vernon, Harvey C. Vial, F. K. Vilas, Mrs. George B. Vivian, George Vogel, Rudolph E. Vose, Mrs. Frederic P. Wagner, Richard Waite, Roy E. Wakem, 1 fag Wallace Waldeck, Herman Walker, James R. Walker, Lee Wallach, Mrs. H. L. Waller, Mrs. Trigg Waller, Mrs. William, Jr. Walpole, S. J Walton, Lyman A. Warner, Addison W. Warner, E. J., Jr. Warner, Mason Warren, L. Parsons Warren, William G. Warszewski, Mrs. Edward H. Wasson, Theron Watkins, Frank A. Watkins, Frederick A. Addams, Miss Jane Beidler, Augustus F. Brodt, Irwin W. Brown, Joseph F. Cameron, Ossian Culp, Miss Mary V. Watson, Vernon S. Webber, E. A. Webster, Henry A. Webster, James Webster, N. C. Wegg, Donald R. Weil, Mrs. Leon Weil, Mrs. Victor Weiner, Charles Weiss, Theodore O. Welch, L. C. Wells, Mrs. H. Gideon Wentworth, John Wentworth, Mrs. Sylvia B. Wentz, Peter Leland Werelius, Mrs. Axel Wescott, Dr. Virgil West, Mrs. Frederick T. West, Thomas H. Wheeler, Mrs. Seymour Whipple, Mrs. George A. Whiston, Frank M White, W. J. White, W. T. White, William J. Whitney, Mrs. Charles Pratt Whitney, Mrs. Gordon Whitwell, J. E. Wickham, Mrs. Thomas Y. Wickland, Algot A. Wickstrom, John Wiersen, Miss E. Lillian Wilder, Emory H. Wilds, John L. Wiley, Edward N. Wilhelm, Frank Edward Wilken, Mrs. Theodore Wiikey, Fred S. Willard, Guy Wille, Andrew Willens, Joseph R. DECEASED, 1935 Dalmar, Hugo DeLamarter, Mrs. Eric Hertzberg, Edward Kuppenheimer, Mrs. Jonas THE LIBRARY OF Tye JUN 9 UNIVERSITY OF jn) ~ 1936 INODIS Willett, Howard L. Williams, Clyde O. Williams, Kenneth illiams, Lawrence Williamson, John A. Wilson, Arlen J. Wilson, E. L. Wilson, Percival C. ilson, William Wilson, William G. Wilson, William R. Winston, Mrs. Winterbotham, Mrs. John R., Jr. Witkowsky, James Witkowsky, Leon Wolbach, Murray Wolcott, Carl F. Wolfe, William C. Wood, Milton G. Woodyatt, Dr. Rollin Turner Worthy, Mrs. Sidney W. Wrisley, George A. Wulbert, Morris Wurzburg, H. J. Yeakel, Dr. William K. — Yorkey, Mrs. M Young, B. Botsfo : Young, E. Frank Young, James W. Zacharias, Robert M. _ Zambon, Attilio — John Maxcy Tytus Zenos, Rev. Andrew C. — Ziff, Mrs. Belle e Zimmermann, Mrs. P. T. Zintak, Frank V. Zipprich, Carl J. Zitzewitz, Elmer McIntosh, Neil Rosenfels, Irwin S. Rosenfield, Morris S. Schmidt, Dr. Otto L. Staples, Miss Emily F ILLIN A 1} UNIVERSITY O OIS-URBANA WAT I || WIN Hii II NUE ARTA RA 3 0112 084204939