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Vehew andre etd pyererererron t sO heen Urbs oa\perae eeprer by trys bot pdiseuraensoeeeh wes ing eres) beh ory sci staneisctatosek LAU wrt ae eee oe Har ypycbees met Jactoes) PAs iba dsb dan OobeGonsUsded nih thy doavanes! CENTRAL CIRCULATION BOOKSTACKS The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its renewal or its return to the library from which it was borrowed on or before the Latest Date stamped below. The Minimum Fee for each Lost Book is $50.00. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. TO RENEW CALL TELEPHONE CENTER, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN APR 2 4 1995 When renewing by phone, write new due date below previous due date. L162 f « oe ; oA ae 2 : a.“ j 1 ath ‘ id ‘ ¢ ‘ . ‘ x) 7 4 7 A ‘. =a : - fo a is - ¥ ‘ 4 t. ; 4 ty ee a9 : ; a0? : ’ » . . ’ : ° ‘ 7 * ~ . 4 S$ ais ‘ g “) # ae ~ ee - < ; a. rsd a 7 | 4 7. Zz . SJ Als wat bs PUBLICATIONS OF FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY REPORT SERIES VOLUME XII PF USED 4” NATURAL &” History > FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD N H CHICAGO, U.S.A. 1939-1941 () fe’ 2 IbL oU 4&2 Ty } al SNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR 1940 NATURAL HISTORY REPORT SERIES FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 12, NUMBER 2 JANUARY, 1941 PUBLICATION 497 SIOMITH JO ALisuaninn ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR 1940 oi aa Se Og NATURAL t HI STORY REPORT SERIES FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 12, NUMBER 2 JANUARY, 1941 PUBLICATION 497 CONTENTS | SIRES) GARI sea na eae ee fa 181 maneers, Trustees, and Committees, 1940 ......... 183 Former Members of the Board of Trustees ........ 184 MUPECOTUICETS 5 =. kk Brae Ne ei LS) 7 STERUIT gh ARR IIS I ec teehee Ge ee 186 BEEIREMe MOITECLOM. |. g6 ae ee a 189 Department of Anthropology .... . Sans riciate? Oe aay ee 209 menagiment Of Botany. 604 8. be. eS ree ea Berrien’ :OF, GCOlORY.. is 54 ee a ee Sa Ze MEO AGEINETIO NON HOOIOCY- iP 6 a wae we sls hs Bk 200 eee. Harris Public School Extension ......°. .. 245 James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School and Children’s Lectures ........ 248 BeatereserOneAGUItS, y 2° eum eB ae ae Bo 256 Memmnenp ect iTes: 27 ge ee PATE 1) LIPEIPYP so. cael at Ae ES eg 258 meieanonsang erintnge 9. 2 5 4 2k a es es 262 Pimograpliy and Dlustration ).. 2... 2b 266 ieamtenance and Construction .. .<. (...... . , 267 abe HeMINC AION Saray 7 1) ay taney, Me Pay Ey ky Zi 2 SSS STS OU OARSaRets Pan lpc UA UN he te 2 a eg 274 Comparative Attendance Statistics and Door Receipts . . 276 Semparative Financial Statements .......... PACT MeO NCCOSSIONS Mey) Seniesa ita ees tl, oa a) fae | 5 be 278 Fae les Olomncorporationi., 74 sce sg) ks es 294 PemcHOedemy=Maws io ee Sm es ke ae 296 Meemermvlembers ya 5 sk Se ek ee 302 ENSTUSTBUBLECIGS 2 AE De oss Pt a 302 SDI DIREI VIM (eam e\eigsee nee re 302 180 CONTENTS List of Members—Continued Corresponding Members ............... Contributors ......5.6.45+0405 « 6 Associate Members ........... +... se Sustaining Members ..............., Annual Members ...... . 13. 14. 15. 16. 7. 18. 9). 20. 21. 22. LIST OF PLATES Colonel Albert A. Sprague Chinese Lacquered Wooden Grille . . . PES ANC OGEAl iro) 84 Lal atase ee Pa s martovelanting In Peru... 9... 22.52 sa 252 Peete warm Orchidack +. 408) 6. ee ees oe A Small Fossil Deer-like Mammal .... . Alaskan Fur Seal Rookery. .. . . Tae Sercree it eRe Peonccarnivorous Bird...) . . 6.43 4 5 Boas fare lcland Kiwi. fc ck Ge cs ee a ee Portable Natural History Exhibit for Chicago Schools 181 FACING PAGE lt . 204 . 210 218 . 222 . 226 234 . 238 . 242 . 250 OFFICERS, TRUSTEES, AND COMMITTEES, 1940 President STANLEY FIELD First Vice-President Second Vice-President ALBERT A. SPRAGUE SILAS H. STRAWN Third Vice-President Secretary ALBERT W. HARRIS CLIFFORD C. GREGG Treasurer and Assistant Secretary SOLOMON A. SMITH BOARD OF TRUSTEES LESTER ARMOUR ALBERT W. HARRIS SEWELL L. AVERY SAMUEL INSULL, JR. W. McCormick BLAIR CHARLES A. McCULLOCH LEOPOLD E. BLOCK WILLIAM H. MITCHELL BOARDMAN CONOVER GEORGE A. RICHARDSON WALTER J. CUMMINGS THEODORE ROOSEVELT ALBERT B. DICK, JR. SOLOMON A. SMITH JOSEPH N. FIELD ALBERT A. SPRAGUE MARSHALL FIELD SILAS H. STRAWN STANLEY FIELD ALBERT H. WETTEN JOHN P. WILSON COMMITTEES Executive-—Stanley Field, Solomon A. Smith, Charles A. McCulloch, George A. Richardson, Albert A. Sprague, Marshall Field, Silas H. Strawn, John P. Wilson. Finance.-—Solomon A. Smith, Albert W. Harris, Leopold E. Block, John P. Wilson, Albert B. Dick, Jr., Walter J. Cummings. Building—Charles A. McCulloch, Albert H. Wetten, William H. Mitchell, Joseph N. Field, Lester Armour. Auditing.—George A. Richardson, W. McCormick Blair, Albert H. Wetten. Pension.—Albert A. Sprague, Sewell L. Avery, Samuel Insull, Jr. 183 FORMER MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES GORGE E. ADAMS* OWEN F. ALpts* ALLISON V. ARMOUR* Epwarp FE. AYEer* Joun C. BLack* M. C. BuLLocK* Dante. H. BURNHAM* Georce R. Davis* . James W. ELLSworTu* . . . CHARLES B. FARWELL* . FRANK W. GUNSAULUS* Emi G. Hirscxu* |. CHARLES L. HUTCHINSON* Joun A. RocHe*. . ._ . MARTIN A. RYERSON* EpwWIn WALKER* WATSON F. BuLatr* WiiuiaM J. CHALMERS* . HARLOW N. HIGINBOTHAM* | HUNTINGTON W. JACKSON* ARTHUR B. JoNES* GEORGE MANIERRE* Noaman B. REAM* NORMAN WILLIAMS* Cyrus H. McCormick* MARSHALL Frep, Jr.* FrRepericK J. V. Skirr* Grorce F. Porter* RicHarp T. CRANE, JR." JoHN BARTON PAYNE* CHAUNCEY KEEP* Henry FIeLp* JOHN BORDEN ...... : . . . 1893-1917 . . 1893-1898 . 1893-1894 . . 1893-1927 . . 1893-1894 . 1893-1894 > © 6 ® 6 Venee oe ef © © © © © © © © & @ ee eee es abe ©. @ -© ©) € [e's ) aes ® #8 eo '6¢ 6 «© @.¢, 0’ 0 Biiaaeee _*. es © © © © © © © © & © 7s @: 6°, as 6° 4,8: 6 8°78 we Ae, ° ee Re ee ee ee ee ee on ey * *« e¢« © «© © © # © © #*© # © hat el ae ye, Oe Oe a ee ee Ce Pe Ek” 1893-1894 1907-1916 1908-1912, 1921-1931 1910-1911 1915-1929 1916-1917 1919-1931 EDWARD FE. AYER* . aaa HARLOW N. HIGINBOTHAM* MartTIN A. RYERSON* NORMAN B. REAM* . MARSHALL FIELD, JR.* STANLEY FIELD. WATSON F. BLAIR* . JAMES SIMPSON* . ALBERT A. SPRAGUE ALBERT A. SPRAGUE JAMES SIMPSON* . RALPH METCALF . GEORGE MANIERRE* FREDERICK J. V. SKIFF* D. C. DAvies* . STEPHEN C. SIMMS* Byron L. SMITH* FREDERICK J. V. SKIFF* D. C. DAVIES* . STEPHEN C. SrimmMs* * DECEASED FORMER OFFICERS Presidents First Vice-Presidents Second Vice-Presidents . 1894-1898 . 1898-1908 . 1894-1932 . 1894-1902 . 1902-1905 . 1906-1908 Third Vice-Presidents Secretaries on Kee @.ell el; (ele, mem ce ies leh Cree ey; “ey yale (oe) te) <0 OPC Oa e ) Ose) Oke) #8), 16." eh cen ye) 20 Sia er- ere. ey (ely tel Teli sey | st) ‘eee ei eye, e%) Cey cet «¢ 185 - 1909-1928 . 1933-1939 . 1929-1932 . 1921-1928 . 1929-1932 1894 . . . 1894-1907 - 1907-1921 . . 1921-1928 . 1928-1937 1894-1914 1893-1921 1921-1928 ; 1928-1937 LIST OF STAFF DIRECTOR Currrorp C, Greece DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY Pau. S. MARTIN, Chief Curator HENRY FIELD, Curator, og oo per ALBERT B. Lewis,* Curator, Melanesian Eth v Witrrip D. HAMBLY, Curator, African a C. MARTIN WILBUR, Curator, Chinese Archaeology and Ethnology RicHarp A. MARTIN, Curator, Near Eastern Ar ALEXANDER SPOEHR, Assistant Curator, American Ethnology and Archaeology A. L. Kroeper, Research Associate, American Archaeology MARJORIE KELLY, Associate, Southwestern Archaeology JouN RINALDO, Associate, Southwestern Archacology T. GeorGe ALLEN, Research Associate, Egyptian Archaeology ROBERT YULE, Assistant, A Vv DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY B. E. DAHLGREN, Chief Curator Pau. C. STANDLEY, Curator, Herbarium J, FRANCIS MACBRIDE, Associate Curator, Herbarium JULIAN A. STEYERMARK, Assistant Curator, Herbarium FRANCIS Drovet, Curator, Cryplogamic Botany LLEWELYN WILLIAMS, Curator, Economic Botany Samue. J. Recorp, Research Associate, Wood Technology FE. E. SHerrr, Research Associate, Systematic Botany Emin SELLA, Chief Preparator, Exhibits MILTON CopPpuULos, Artist-Preparator DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Henry W. NICHOLS, Chief Curator ELMER S. Riaos, Curator, Paleontology BRYAN PATTERSON, Assistant Curator, Paleontology Pau. O. McGrew, Assistant Curator, Paleontology James H. QuINN, Chief Preparator, Paleontology SHARAT K. Roy, Curator, 7 Henry HERPERS, Assistant Curator, Geology BRYANT MATHER, Assistant Curator, M ineralogy DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY Wirrep H. Oscoop, Chief Curator Couin CAMPBELL SANBORN, Curator, Mammals RupYERD BouLTON, Curator, Birds C. E. HELLMAYR, Associate Curator, Birds Emmet R. BLAKE, Assistant Curator, Birds BOARDMAN CONOVER, Research Associate, Birds Louis B. BisHop, Research Associate, Birds ELLEN T. Smit, Associate, Birds MELVIN A. TRAYLOR, JR., Associate, Birds R. MAGOON BARNES, Curator, Birds’ Eos Karu P. Scumipt, Curator, Amphibians and Reptiles Cuirrorp H. Pore, Assistant Curator, Amphibians and Reptiles ALFRED C. WEED, Curator, Fishes Witwiam J. GERHARD, Curator, Insects Rupert L. WENZEL, Assistant Curator, Insects Fritz Haas, Curator, Lower Invertebrates EpMonD N. GuERetT,* Curator, Anatomy and Osteology D. Dwicut Davis, Curator, Anatomy and Osteology * Deceasep, 1940 186 TAXIDERMISTS JULIUS FRIESSER C. J. ALBRECHT Ey PRAY LEON L. WALTERS W. E. EIGSTI JOHN W. MoyvER FRANK C. WONDER, Assistant Taxidermist FRANK H. LETL, Preparator of Accessories NELLIE STARKSON, Artist-Preparator DEPARTMENT OF THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION JOHN R. MILLAR, Curator A. B. Wo.LcotTt, Assistant Curator THE LIBRARY Emity M. WILcoxson, Librarian Mary W. BAKER, Associate Librarian EUNICE GEMMILL, Assistant Librarian REGISTRAR AUDITOR HENRY F. DITZEL BENJAMIN BRIDGE WARREN E. RAYMOND, Assistant Registrar A. L. STEBBINS, Bookkeeper RECORDER—IN CHARGE OF PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION ELsig H. THOMAS PURCHASING AGENT THE BOOK SHOP ROBERT FE. BRUCE NOBLE STEPHENS, Manager THE JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL AND CHILDREN’S LECTURES MIRIAM Woop, Chief LEoTA G. THOMAS ELIZABETH HAMBLETON MARIE B. PABST BERT E. GROVE LOREN P. Woops PUBLIC RELATIONS COUNSEL H. B. HARTE PAUL G. DALLWIG, the Layman Lecturer DIVISION OF MEMBERSHIPS PEARLE BILINSKE, in charge DIVISION OF PRINTING FARLEY H. WADE, in charge LILLIAN A. Ross, Editor and Proofreader DIVISIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION C. H. CARPENTER, Photographer CARL F. GRONEMANN, II|lustrator HERMAN ABENDROTH, Assistant Photographer JOHN JANECEK, Assistant Illustrator A. A. MILLER, Collotyper CLARENCE B. MITCHELL, Research Associate, Photography STAFF ARTIST ARTHUR G. RUECKERT GENERAL SUPERINTENDENT W. H. CorNING JAMES R. SHOUBA, Assistant Superintendent CHIEF ENGINEER WILLIAM E. LAKE CAPTAIN OF THE GUARD E. S. ABBEY 187 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1940 To the Trustees of Field Museum of Natural History: I have the honor to present a report of the operations of the Museum for the year ending December 31, 1940. Again I am privileged to report substantial successes in many lines of activity. Perhaps the principal emphasis has been placed upon the rehabili- tation of the building itself. For several years financial conditions, and the pressure of new construction and expansion have interfered to some extent with both ordinary and extraordinary maintenance of the splendid structure housing our collections. During the past year it has been possible to refinish completely the roof of the building, replacing all materials found to be defective or in a state of deterioration. The renewal of downspouts begun the year before was brought to completion. The exterior of the entire building was gone over carefully by tuckpointers so that all open cracks which might work to the detriment of the structure were cleaned, filled, and properly pointed. The terrace wall surrounding the building was also checked over in detail and all cracks filled and pointed. Many of the marble blocks which had been pushed out of position by repeated frosts were removed and reset. Excavations were made behind the walls for the purpose of removing and replacing any of the supporting structure in need of attention. Every effort has been made to perfect this work so that the building will be water tight and winter tight. A severe degree of wear and tear is normal in any building subjected to the climatic extremes charac- teristic of the Chicago area, particularly any structure in such an isolated and exposed location as the Museum’s site. It is a source of great satisfaction, therefore, to realize that increased maintenance efforts have now checked the effects of these conditions, and that necessary repairs have been made or are well under way. The principal exhibition feature of note was the opening on July 31 of the new Hall of Babylonian Archaeology (Hall K), bringing to a culmination the work of about seventeen years, begin- ning with the Field Museum—Oxford University Expedition to Kish (1923-83). The central feature of this hall is the reconstruction of a gateway of the Sasanid period (Plate15). Anewdeparture is the instal- lation of a frieze composed of enlarged copies made from impressions of tiny cylinder seals excavated at Kish. The cases, lighting, and 189 190 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL History—Reports, VOL. 12 arrangement of the hall are such as to bring it into complete harmony and unity. It tells a most interesting story of this ancient civilization. Another outstanding new exhibit completed is a habitat group representing the “home life’’ of fur seals in the Pribilof Islands, Alaska (Plate 19), installed in the Hall of Marine Mammals (Hall N). Containing forty animals, including huge ‘‘bulls,”’ as the mature males are called, the much smaller “‘cows’’ or females, and the “pups” or young seals, this group is one of the largest exhibits in the Museum- and probably is the largest fur seal group in any museum. Twenty, four birds of species inhabiting the same environment as the seals also appear in the group. The animals were collected in 1937 by a special expedition conducted for the purpose by Staff Taxidermist C. J. Albrecht, who spent more than two years after his return in preparation of the exhibit. Completion of another important new exhibit which has long been in preparation occurred with the hanging of the last group of “The World's Food Plants’ murals, painted by Mr. Julius Moessel, in the Hall of Food Plants (Hall 25). Eight of these were hung in the previous year, and the nine additional ones placed on the walls in 1940 complete the project. The paintings depict vividly the husbanding and transportation of the world’s important vegetable products. They are of interest not only for the story they tell, which co-ordinates with the exhibits of economically important plants and plant products in the hall, but also as decorative works of art (Plate 16). Detailed accounts of other new installations, and reinstallations | of exhibits, will be found in the departmental sections of this Report. — The exhibition program at Field Museum is approaching the point where a vastly different type of exhibit will come more and — more into use. The plans for the construction of habitat groups of animals and birds of the world have almost come to complete realization. The next few years will bring about a change in exhibi- . tion technique as new material is prepared. The emphasis will turn from ‘“‘what things are” to the “how” and “‘why”’ of their being. A pioneer in this program is the new exhibit, brought out during 1940, entitled ‘“‘What is a Bird?’ This exhibit shows graphically the main features distinguishing the birds from mammals and reptiles, and goes into such detail as the presentation of cross sections of the tubular bones of birds, enlarged sections illustrating the structure of feathers, and other diagrammatic and explanatory material. . INTRODUCTION 191 In connection with the opening of the Hall of Babylonian Archae- ology (Hall K) the Museum published an illustrated leaflet, Ancient Seals of the Near East, by Mr. Richard A. Martin, Curator of Near Eastern Archaeology. Likewise, when the last of the ‘‘World’s Food Plants’ murals was hung in Hall 25, a leaflet, The Story of Food Plants, by Dr. B. E. Dahlgren, Chief Curator of Botany, was published. On the radio Field Museum continued its educational work through the medium of a series entitled “How Do You Know?” given through the courtesy of the National Broadcasting Company over its Blue Network. I am especially indebted to Miss Judith Waller of N.B.C. and to the University Broadcasting Council for their fine co-operation and help in this series. It was our attempt not only to tell the listening public facts revealed by science, but to reveal as well the methods by which scientific conclusions are reached. Through this program it was hoped further to establish in the popular mind the authenticity of scientific research and the correctness of its resulting conclusions. Upon the invitation of the Zenith Radio Corporation, Field Museum presented a series of television programs. These, of course, were entirely experimental and were devised for the purpose of testing the effectiveness of television as an educational medium for trans- mitting scientific information. The results clearly indicate the tremendous value this medium will possess when it has been per- fected, as it will then carry to millions of children in schoolrooms, as well as to other audiences, a story of science which will reach them both aurally and visually at the same time. It will be possible to demonstrate chemical experiments or to exhibit poisonous reptiles without any danger whatever to the observer. It will be possible to show rare specimens, which should not be entrusted to the risks of even the best transportation facilities, to persons many hundreds of miles distant. The possibilities are, in fact, such as to challenge the imagination and best efforts of all who are interested in producing an enlightened citizenry. In the expansion of the educational work of Field Museum I am particularly pleased to commend the work of Miss Miriam Wood, Chief of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School and Children’s Lectures, and of her entire staff of guide-lecturers. This small and effective group of workers is seizing every possible opportunity to promote progressive education through lectures in the Museum and in the classrooms of Chicago’s 192 FreLD Museum oF NATURAL History—Reports, VoL. 12 | schools, through the printed “Field Museum Stories,” and through mimeographed sheets of information or of questions and answers. In conjunction with the Chicago Public School Broadcasting Council and radio stations associated with it, there has been developed a system of radio follow-ups whereby designated representatives from various schools come to the Museum after the broadcasts and receive additional instruction in the subjects that were featured over the air. Mrs. Leota G. Thomas of the Raymond Foundation, as Chairman of the Chicago Museum-Schools Relations Committee of the Progressive Education Association, has been instrumental in gathering and co-ordinating material of great value in the furtherance of co-opera- tive educational endeavor. It is regretted on the part of the Ray- mond Foundation that Mr. Loren P. Woods, for two and one-half years a member of its staff, was transferred to the Department of Zoology at the end of the year. In compensation, however, Mr. Woods has assumed a position of increased responsibility and opportunity, as Assistant Curator of Fishes. Equally important in the field of co-operation with the schools are the activities of the N. W. Harris Public School Extension, which had another successful year of operation. Besides continuing its regular bi-weekly schedule of circulating traveling exhibits to nearly 500 schools and other institutions through which an aggregate of some 500,000 children are repeatedly reached every year, the Harris Extension has developed new types of exhibits, new services, and various technical improvements. How well this department of the Museum is fulfilling its functions was shown again in 1940, as in so many other years, by the many letters of commendation received from teachers, principals, school officials, and large numbers of the school children themselves. | Due to troubled conditions in Europe and Asia, Field aruda sent out no expeditions beyond the limits of the western hemisphere. It is essential, however, that research work be continued, and expeditions must ever be one of the essential activities of a great research museum. Expeditions are necessary in order to procure examples of new and unknown species; they are necessary to round out incomplete representations of plant and animal life, human cultures, or rocks and minerals, so as to establish comprehensive study collections as a basis for reference and further determinations; they are necessary for the training of the newer and younger members of the scientific staff, because a comprehensive knowledge of the subjects within the scope of a museum cannot be obtained alone INTRODUCTION 193 from the study of books and isolated specimens. It is essential that \ the biologist have knowledge of plants and animals in their native surroundings; that the geologist have knowledge of rocks and minerals as they naturally occur; that the ethnologist and archae- ologist have knowledge from personal contact with contemporaneous civilizations or the buried relics which their predecessors left behind. This year, for the fourth time, Mr. Leon Mandel sponsored and led an expedition aboard his yacht, collecting birds, mammals, fishes, and reptiles that inhabit little-known islands and keys of the Caribbean—almost forgotten tiny possessions of the United States, Cuba, Honduras, Mexico, and British Honduras. At the end of the year, Mr. Mandel was planning another expedition to the Galapagos Islands and the coast of Peru. The expedition was scheduled to sail early in January, 1941. The Magellanic Expedition of Field Museum, which began during the summer of 1939 its work in various parts of South America, including the southernmost tip of that continent, completed its work in 1940. Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood, Chief Curator of Zoology and leader of the party, returned in April, and Mr. Colin C. Sanborn, Curator of Mammals, returned in June. Details of these and other expeditions will be found in the departmental sections of this Report. From the Chicago Park District the Museum received during the year $58,130.33 as compared with $86,093.85 received in 1939. In my report for the year 1939 I stated that the legislative act, under which the Chicago Park District levied a tax to aid in the support of Field Museum of Natural History and other museums, was invalidated by the Illinois Supreme Court during the year. I am now happy to report that during the year 1940 an act was passed by the Legislature of the State of Illinois which corrected the technicality which led to the nullification of the first act. The first tax collections under the new act will become due in 1941. Credit for framing and passage of this act is due to one of our Trustees, Colonel Albert A. Sprague, and to Mr. Frederick C. Hack, Mr. Charles J. Calderini, Mayor Edward J. Kelly, and Mr. Robert J. Dunham, President of the Chicago Park District, without whose help and co-operation the matter could not have been brought to a satisfactory conclusion. Of considerable interest and importance is a change in the staff of Field Museum brought about by the retirement of Dr. Wilfred H. 194 Fre.pD Museum or Natura. History—Reports, Vou. 12 Osgood, who joined the staff July 1, 1909, and has been, since November 1, 1921, Chief Curator of the Department of Zoology Dr. Osgood is the first to be retired under the provisions of the pension plan announced in the Annual Report of 1939. Fortunately, his retirement does not take from Field Museum the services of this outstanding scientist, but rather gives to this institution and to the entire field of science his best efforts by virtue of freeing him from the routine details of administering a department. It has long beer a matter of sincere regret on my part that the system in vogue ir our great museums has been such as to reward outstanding scientists by making them chief curators, in which position administrative duties largely interfere with the scientific research which is of out- standing interest to them and of paramount value to the we Since the system cannot be changed arbitrarily at the moment, it is gratifying to know that the workings of the pension fund m: at least bring back into active scientific study many of those men who have served well, who have been honored by appointment te positions of administrative responsibility, and who are willing at last to lay aside those cares to re-engage in the activities in which they are pre-eminently needed. Mr. Karl P. Schmidt, who has headed the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles at Field Museum since August 1, 1922, succeeds Dr. Osgood as Chief Curator of the Department of Zoology. While I rejoice at this honor so justly bestowed upon him, I must voice my regret at the interference with his scientific endeavors that it i bound to produce. Mr. Clifford H. Pope joined the staff of . Museum during the year and succeeds Mr. Schmidt as Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles. Other retirements, new appointments, promotions, and change in personnel occurred, us follows: Miss Miriam Wood was appointed Chief of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School and Children’s Lectures, taking the place of Miss Margaret M. Cornell, who retired at the end of 1939. Miss Wood had been a member of the Raymond Foundation staff since 1929. Early in the year, Mr. Bert E. Grove joined the Raymond Foundation staff as a lecturer. Mr. Emil Liljeblad, Assistant Curator of Insects, retired ot pension, and Mr. Rupert L. Wenzel was appointed to the positior thus vacated. Dr. Alexander Spoehr was appointed Assistant Curator o American Ethnology and Archaeology. b> INTRODUCTION 195 Dr. Francis Drouet, having completed a two-year appointment as Curator of Cryptogamic Botany, was given a permanent appoint- ment to that position. Mr. D. Dwight Davis, Assistant Curator of Anatomy and Osteology, was promoted to Curator; Mr. Paul O. McGrew, Assistant in Paleontology, was promoted to Assistant Curator, and Mr. James H. Quinn, Assistant, was promoted to Chief Preparator in Paleontology, these promotions to be effective from January 1, 1941. Mr. John Janecek was appointed Assistant Illustrator, and Mrs. Eunice Gemmill was appointed Assistant Librarian. Mr. Farley H. Wade was placed in charge of the Division of Printing, succeeding Mr. Dewey S. Dill. Miss Nellie B. Starkson was appointed Artist- Preparator in the Department of Zoology. Mr. John William Harrison, a preparator in the Department of Anthropology for many years, was retired on pension, as were Mr. A. W. Mahlmann, pressman in the Division of Printing, and Messrs. John Weber and Patrick Walsh, Museum guards. A few temporary appointments for specific tasks and periods of time were made, and several new preparators, guards, and clerical assistants were employed during the year. The Museum was again indebted, as it has been for several years past, for assistance in research work and other activities by a group of volunteer workers who have toiled faithfully. Some of these workers are named in the List of the Staff at the beginning of this book, being designated by the titles “Research Associate” and “Associate,” which distinguish them from salaried workers. One other in the list, Mr. Paul G. Dallwig, with the title “The Layman Lecturer,’ also serves without compensation. Grateful acknowl- edgment is herewith made to all the volunteers so listed, and also to the following: Miss Anne Harding, Miss Virginia Coward, Miss Jane Darrow, and Miss Margaret Ross, who worked in the Depart- ment of Anthropology; Mr. Donald Richards, Mrs. G. B. Stifler, and Dr. V. O. Graham, who assisted in the Department of Botany; Mr. Leonard C. Bettson, Jr., and Mr. John M. Schmidt, who helped in the Department of Geology; Miss Elizabeth Best, Mr. Melvin A. Traylor, Jr., and Mrs. M. J. Taylor, who worked in the Department of Zoology; and Mr. Clarence L. Brown, who served as a volunteer on the lecture staff of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School and Children’s Lectures. As in former years, it is my privilege and pleasure to commend especially the splendid work done by workers supplied by the Work 196 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL History—Reports, VOL. 12 Projects Administration, a federal government agency. Over the period of years that this agency has co-operated with Field Museum many of its workers have developed a high degree of skill. Repeat- edly, WPA workers have become employees of Field Museum as vacancies occurred for which they were qualified. Many of the tasks on which they were engaged have become practically dependent upon them, and it is with regret that the tendency toward reduction of personnel on this project is noted. Many objectives have been reached, however, and new methods coupled with improved efficiency must be relied upon to hold the gains made possible with the assist- ance of this organization. It is especially desired to commend the whole-hearted co-operation of Miss Jessie Steers, Resident Superin- tendent of the Project. The average number of men and women employed by the WPA at Field Museum during 1940 was 165. The highest number at any one time was 200. The aggregate man- hours worked by the entire force was approximately 257,400. On September 1, the Director of the Museum was called into the service of the United States Army, serving as a Major of Infantry on the Special Staff of the Sixth Corps Area Headquarters, in Chicago. It is desired to express here to the President and the Board of Trustees of the Museum his appreciation for their liberality in arranging for the continuation of the essential control of the institution by the Director despite the limited time which, temporarily, he is able to devote to that responsibility. It is also desired to record the appreciation of the entire staff of the Museum for the action of the Board of Trustees which guarantees, to every man called into service of the armed forces of the United States for a one-year period under Public Resolution No. 96 or the Selective Service and Training Act of 1940, the return of his former position when he is able to resume it, and the continuation without cost to him of all insurance and pension benefits then in force. For the third successive year, paid admissions to the Museum declined despite an increase in total attendance. The total number of visitors received at the Museum during 1940 was 1,450,685, exceeding the 1939 attendance by more than 40,000; the paid admis- sions, however, numbered only 80,888 as against 83,518 in 1939, 91,097 in 1938, and 94,217 in 1937, which was the last year showi an increase in paid admissions. The uninterrupted growth of total attendance year by year that the Museum is fulfilling its educational and cultural missi for an ever greater public. This fact is a source of gratificati INTRODUCTION 197 The decrease in paid admissions is not in itself a matter of great moment since it is not the Museum’s aim to develop door receipts as a major source of revenue. Nevertheless, in times like the present and the several years past, when income from other sources has declined, the decrease also in paid admissions emphasizes the financial problems of an institution dependent chiefly on income from invest- ment of endowment funds, and on contributions. As I have noted in past years, the total effectiveness of the Museum’s services to the public is by no means measured by the citation of any one figure such as total attendance of more than 1,450,000. To get a truer picture of the institution’s sphere of influence, it is necessary to add to this figure the numbers of children reached by the activities of the Harris Extension and the Raymond Foundation, and when this is done it is found that the total number of persons directly reached is close to 2,200,000. But even this does not tell the whole story, for there is a further and greater public whose numbers must run into many millions throughout this country, and abroad, to whom scientific information of Field Museum origin is brought indirectly through many other channels such as radio, publications, and press reports. Special programs within the Museum itself brought a combined total attendance of 126,951. Included in this category are the spring and autumn courses of lectures for adults on Saturday after- noons inthe James Simpson Theatre; the spring, summer, and autumn motion pictures for children presented in the Theatre by the Ray- mond Foundation; the daily and special guide-lecture tours for adults and children; the Sunday afternoon lectures presented by the Layman Lecturer, Mr. Paul G. Dallwig; and a number of programs for special groups to which the use of the Theatre and Lecture Hall was extended. Among special groups of visitors coming to the Museum during the year were the adult graduating class of the Chicago Public Schools, whose commencement exercises were held in the James Simpson Theatre in June; the Delta Delta Delta sorority, which attended a special lecture by Mr. Paul G. Dallwig, the Layman Lecturer, in July; a group of 65 librarians from Michigan towns and cities, sent in November by the Kellogg Foundation to make special studies at the Museum; the Mid-West Federation of Geological Societies, which held its meetings at the Museum in December; and the groups of young delegates sent to the Museum annually in December by the National Congress of Four-H Clubs. The Four-H 198 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL History—Reports, VOL. 12 groups in 1940 numbered 1,522 boys and girls from farms of the United States and Canada, an increase of more than 50 per cent over the groups of the previous year. These groups, especially selected as rewards for good work, represent the cream of North American rural youth. Their Congress is held simultaneously with the International Live Stock Exposition which also is the source of many additional adult visitors received at the Museum each December. At the Live Stock Exposition the Museum co-operated by displaying a number of the traveling exhibits circulated by the N. W. Harris Public School Extension. The Annual Meeting of the Board of Trustees was held January > 15, at which time Mr. Stanley Field was re-elected for his thirty- second consecutive year as President of the Museum. Mr. Silas H. Strawn was elected Second Vice-President, filling the vacancy caused by the death in the previous year of Mr. James Simpson. All other Officers of the Museum were re-elected. At the December | 16 meeting of the Trustees, Mr. Boardman Conover was elected to membership on the Board, filling a vacancy which had existed for a year. Mr. Conover for many years has been interested in and intimately associated with the work of Field Museum and has served voluntarily on the staff as Research Associate in Ornithology — since 1924. He has been a member and leader of several important — Museum expeditions, and has contributed generously to help finance them. For his services and his contributions, the Trustees" had previously honored him at various times by electing him a Patron, a Contributor, a Corporate Member, and a Life Member of the Museum. In recognition of recent eminent services to the Museum, Colonel | Albert A. Sprague, Mr. Frederick C. Hack, and Mr. Charles J. Calderini were elected Patrons of the Museum at a meeting of the Board of Trustees held September 28. | At the September meeting, the Museum Trustees also voted to add the names of Mr. Charles H. Schweppe and the late Charles K. | Knickerbocker to the list of Contributors to the Museum—a list, maintained in perpetuity, of all persons whose contributions to the institution, in money or materials, range from $1,000 to $100,000. At their meeting of November 18, the Trustees elected Mrs. Frederick S. Fish, of New York, a Contributor. Mr. Schweppe’s election was in recognition of generous cash contributions for the carrying out of an exhibition project now in preparation. Mr. Knickerbocker was posthumously elected in recognition of his gift of a notable INTRODUCTION 199 collection of more than 10,000 birds’ eggs, many of them extremely rare, which with previous collections in the Museum gives this institution representation of virtually all species of North American birds’ eggs. The election of Mrs. Fish followed her gift of a pair of remarkable carved marble lions from China, which have been added to the exhibits in George T. and Frances Gaylord Smith Hall (Halil 24, Chinese Archaeology). One new Life Member, Mr. Hughston M. McBain, of Chicago, and one Non-Resident Life Member, Mr. Oscar U. Zerk, of Kenosha, Wisconsin, were elected during 1940. Beginning on page 302 of this Report will be found complete lists of all classes of Museum Members. The total number of memberships, as of December 31, 1940, was 4,225. There is thus a small gain over the previous year, when the number on the corre- sponding date was 4,171, and, as this is the second successive year in which a gain has been made, it may be hoped that it indicates a reversal of the previous trend toward decline. The administration of the Museum deeply appreciates the support given it by the civic- minded citizens who are enrolled as Members. The continued srowth of membership represents an important source of hope for the continued expansion of the Museum’s scientific and educational activities. At a meeting of the Trustees, held May 27, action was taken to change the name of the Hall of Plant Life (Hall 29) to ‘Martin A. and Carrie Ryerson Hall,” in memory of the late Martin A. Ryerson and the late Mrs. Carrie Ryerson, both of whom were notable benefactors of this institution. With deep regret, record must be made of the death on February 4, 1940, of Mr. Fred W. Sargent. Mr. Sargent had been a Trustee of the Museum from 1929 until June 19, 1939, when ill health compelled him to resign. For a number of years he was a member of the Auditing Committee. Note is regretfully made of the death of Mr. Rufus C. Dawes, on January 8, 1940. His passing was a great loss to Chicago, and to the Museum of Science and Industry, of which he was President. In this loss the administration of Field Museum feels a distinct share, for although his own institution demanded most of his time and energy, Mr. Dawes was keenly interested also in the work of Field Museum, and was a Life Member of this institution. Two veteran members of the scientific staff passed away during the year. Dr. Albert Buell Lewis, Curator of Melanesian Ethnology, 200 FreELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL History—Reports, VOL. 12 died on October 10, in his seventy-fourth year. He had been a member of the Museum staff since 1908, prior to which he had built up a scholarly background as student and graduate student at the University of Chicago and Columbia University, and as instructor at the University of Nebraska. Dr. Lewis's leadership of the Joseph N. Field South Pacific Expedition (1909-13) resulted in bringing to Field Museum an ethnological collection which has few rivals anywhere in the world in the completeness of its represen- tation of the cultures of such regions as New Guinea, New Britain, and New Caledonia. As a result of his researches, the Museum was able to publish noteworthy contributions to ethnology. He was a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Anthropological Association, and a member of Sigma Xi. Mr. Edmond Narcis Gueret, Curator of Anatomy and Osteology, died on November 30, at the age of eighty-one. Fully sixty-five years of his life were devoted to his specialty, the preparation of animal skeletons and special osteological dissections which layman and scientist alike recognize as among the best that human fingers could devise. The teaching materials in a dozen medical schools, the halls of osteological exhibits in many museums (especially Field Museum, whose staff he joined in 1900), and innumerable prepara- tions in Field Museum's research collections remain as lasting monu- ments to his skill. Mr. John Buettner, a pensioner of Field Museum, who had served as a carpenter and preparator from 1894 to 1937, died on July 21. Under the Museum's group insurance policy, $3,000 was paid to the widow of Dr. Lewis, $2,500 to the widow of Mr. Gueret, and $2,000 to the widow of Mr. Buettner. As usual, the Museum is indebted to a number of individuals for contributions of funds to insure its progress and the maintenance of its activities; and to many others for gifts of materials to expand the exhibits, the research collections, and the Library. The gratitude of the institution is herewith extended to the donors of all such contributions. In the following paragraphs will be found acknowl-— edgments of some of the outstanding contributions of funds (the list is not complete because in a few instances donors desiring to remain anonymous have requested that their gifts be not publicly noted): The continued generosity of Mr. Marshall Field, member of the Board of Trustees, which has been of such major importance year INTRODUCTION 201 after year in sustaining the Museum over its most difficult financial problems, was again manifested with gifts in 1940 amounting to the munificent total of $284,680.73. Gifts from Mr. Stanley Field, President of the Museum, totaled $22,700 and were placed in a special fund to be used for such purposes as may later be announced. From Mrs. James Nelson Raymond, Founder of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School and Children’s Lectures, there were received gifts totaling $6,000 to be used in meeting the operating expenses of that division of the Museum. Mr. Charles H. Schweppe contributed the sum of $2,500 toward the costs of a proposed exhibition project, and pledged himself to meet the further costs when ascertained. Mrs. Clarence C. Prentice made a contribution of $1,000 to the Leslie Wheeler Fund for the continued purchase of specimens of birds of prey required to expand the collection begun by the late Leslie Wheeler, former Trustee of the Museum. The Jewish Welfare Fund, of Chicago, by a final contribution of $500, paid the balance of its pledge of funds toward the salary of a scientist employed on the Museum staff. The Rockefeller Foundation contributed $1,000 as a salary for the temporary employment of an archaeologist to carry out a special research project in connection with Chinese archaeological and historical material. Mr. Malcolm Farley, the expert employed for this purpose, unfortunately died during the course of the work, but the project is being carried to completion by his widow, assisted by other archaeologists. The late Frederick T. Haskell left the Museum a bequest of $10,000. A legacy of $8,000 was designated for the Museum in the will of the late William B. Storey. In the departmental sections of this book will be found details of the many gifts of material received for the collections of the Museum; such gifts are noted also in the complete List of Accessions which begins on page 278. One of the most notable gifts received during 1940 consists of X-ray apparatus, fluoroscopic screen, mechanical devices for auto- matic control and timing, and all other accessories required for the installation of a unique exhibit whereby an Egyptian mummy will be shown intermittently with the projection of the X-rayed image 202 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL History—Reports, VOL. 12 of its skeleton. This equipment was presented to the Museum by the General Electric X-ray Corporation, of Chicago, which during two exposition seasons operated it, with a mummy lent by Field Museum, as a feature of the General Electric exhibits at the New York World's Fair (1939-40). The roentgenographic and mechanical devices used for the purpose were especially designed and built by the technical and engineering staffs of the X-ray company, and represent an investment of many thousands of dollars. The Museum plans to install this exhibit in a special chamber to be constructed in the Hall of Egyptian Archaeology (Hall J) early in 1941, and the General Electric X-ray Corporation has generously offered the services of its technical experts to assist in completion of this project. The popularity of the exhibit at the New York Fair, where it was viewed by approximately 9,000,000 visitors, indicates that it should prove to be an outstanding public attraction when it has been permanently installed at the Museum. Field Museum's collection of Chinese ivory objects was more than doubled by a bequest of the late Louis L. Valentine, giving his entire private collection to this institution. Some very fine and old specimens are included in this bequest. Especially noteworthy are a number of late Ming ivories of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. From Mr. Michael Lerner, of New York, the Museum received two very interesting specimens for use in the new Hall of Fishes (Hall O), which is in preparation. One of these is a large Pacific black marlin; the other is a thresher shark. Mr. Emil Liljeblad, Assistant Curator of Insects, who retired during the year, made a noteworthy gift of his personal collection comprising some 2,500 comparatively small beetles from California. This acquisition will greatly improve the Museum's representation of the many kinds of beetles found in that state. Mr. Liljeblad also made a notable contribution of books and pamphlets to the Museum Library. A major project of reconstruction and rearrangement in the Museum Library was begun in the latter part of the year, and should be completed early in 1941. This involves converting the former stackroom into a new reading room, and requires rebuilding the ceiling at a lower level to co-ordinate with a new system of indirect lighting by fluorescent tubular lights concealed in around the edges of the ceiling. In addition to improved lighti the new reading room will offer better facilities for the comfort INTRODUCTION 203 convenience of visitors, and will be more accessible to them when they arrive on the third floor by the passenger elevator. Also, the better arrangement will make it possible for attendants to give more efficient service. Included in the reconstruction work are the creation of new offices for the Librarians, and the conversion of the old reading room into a stackroom. The plans for this work are so drawn, and the schedule of construction so timed, that all of the work will be completed without interruption of the Library’s service to the public while the changes are being made. Plans were completed and the first phases of work undertaken for a complete reinstallation of H. N. Higinbotham Hall (Hall 31— the Gem Room), and the hall was temporarily closed for this purpose on September 24. It is expected that the project will be completed, and the hall reopened, early in 1941. New types of exhibition cases and improved lighting will make the display of precious stones much more attractive, and make it possible for those who are interested to study gem characteristics under better conditions than heretofore. To protect valuable material in offices, laboratories, workshops, storerooms, and libraries on the third floor from casual marauders, wire partitions with sliding doors were installed at the head of the eight stairways leading to that floor. Such protection is most important, especially on Saturday afternoons, Sundays, and holidays, when the majority of the staff are absent. The doors are kept locked at all such times. In addition to painting backgrounds for several habitat groups opened during the year, and for others still in preparation, Staff Artist Arthur G. Rueckert made studies for certain murals. These are planned for addition to the series on outstanding forms of plant life, begun in Martin A. and Carrie Ryerson Hall (Hall 29) of the Department of Botany by a former Staff Artist, the late Charles A. Corwin. Success continued to mark the operation of the Book Shop established in the Museum in 1938. Indicative of growing public confidence has been an increase in the number of sales made on mail orders. Visitors to the Museum found a larger and more varied stock of books available for over-the-counter sales. The policy of offering only the best books in the fields related to the Museum’s work was maintained. Before any book, either for adults or children, is accepted for display and sale it must first be passed upon by a member of the institution’s scientific staff qualified to exercise judgment in the particular subject to which the book pertains. 204 Fretp MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistorY—REporTs, VOL. 12 The exhibits at Field Museum continued to serve as inspirational material for sketching and painting by students of the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. The professional art school sent classes to study problems occurring in such courses as the history of art, drawing, composition and research, and pattern design. The classes for children, known as the Saturday Junior Department, were brought to Field Museum by instructors as a part of the regular curriculum. This co-operation is a source of satisfaction to both institutions. The five hundredth anniversary of the invention in Europe of printing from movable type, and the four hundredth anniversary of the first printing in America, were commemorated in 1940 through- out the nation by printers, publishers, and libraries. Field Museum, in concert with other institutions, recognized this occasion. Two special exhibits of books from the Museum’s Library were placed on display, one in Stanley Field Hall in the summer, and one in Albert W. Harris Hall in the autumn. The first of these temporary exhibits was devoted to some of the world’s oldest, and some of its most beautiful, books on natural history. Among the old ones were British, French, Dutch, Venetian, and German works published in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Featured for beauty were such books as the great “ele- phant folio” edition of Audubon’s The Birds of America. In order to demonstrate the progress of scientific writing and printing, there were also shown some outstanding books of more recent years. The second exhibit showed the development in books on natural history, and especially the history of biology, from early printings down to the present time. Among works shown were those of Cuvier, Swammerdam, Buffon, Linnaeus, Lamarck, Galton, and Darwin. Field Museum was represented by an exhibit at the Rotary Business Exposition held in the Hotel Sherman, April 9-12. This exhibit, which included the mounted giant panda Su-Lin, was seen by at least 20,000 persons. Among other items in the display were ancient business documents on cuneiform tablets from Kish, examples of N. W. Harris Public School Extension traveling exhibition cases, material illustrating the activities of the Raymond Foundation, and scientific publications of the Museum. Mr. A. J. Franzen, taxidermist of the Harris Extension, gave demonstrations of the mounting of birds. A special exhibit illustrating the scope of the work in whi Field Museum has been assisted by the Work Projects Administrati F a8uy ‘(FZ 1IB®H) WeH WWwWS paojAer) Seouvig pue *], 93100") *O'd 00% 0} Jord Buryep Aquqoid ‘eyg-2ue,yO Jveu quo, & Wolj eB ‘yuvjd uapooM o]2uIs B WOIJ Peale ‘yIOM]]IIS oyvI0GRI]A SIYT, -ABojodoiyjuy jo juewyz1e ATWIUD NAGOOM GaugandovT ASANIHO daq ay} Jo sellojv10qey 84} Ul UOIZVI04s8eI Je}JB Pue d1OJoq FI "ld ‘ZI “IOA ‘syodey AIO SIFT YRANVeN JO wunesny! PPL THE LIBRARY OF THE ocT 28 1941 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS INTRODUCTION 205 was held in George M. Pullman Hall. This was presented in con- junction with the national exhibits by WPA projects in all parts of the country during what was termed ““This Work Pays Your Com- munity Week” (May 20-25). Field Museum was represented at the Exhibition of Persian Art in New York, sponsored by the Iranian Institute of America from April 15 to June 15. The exhibit was the largest of its kind ever attempted in this country, and illustrated the development of Persian art through six thousand years. Field Museum’s part in it consisted of a display of stucco and pottery of the Sasanid period from a palace of King Shapur II (fourth century A.D.) excavated by the Field Museum—Oxford University Joint Expedition to Kish. The Board of Trustees agreed to send certain specimens only because they were available nowhere else, and were needed to fill a gap in the otherwise well rounded display. Especially fine examples of the arts and crafts of North American Indians, selected from the collections of the Department of Anthro- pology, were lent to the Museum of Modern Art, New York, for inclusion in a special exhibit to be held at that institution from January to April, 1941. Deviating from their established policy of many years, the Trustees consented to this loan at the special and urgent request of the United States Department of the Interior, which was interested in making this exhibit all-inclusive. Commerce, the magazine published by the Chicago Association of Commerce, accorded recognition to the Museum’s many services for business and industry by assigning Mr. Richard Lyon Brown, a special writer, to prepare a comprehensive article on this subject, published in the August issue. In accordance with the spirit of co-operation existing among the various museums of Chicago, Field Museum presented to the Museum of Science and Industry twenty-seven volumes of Mining World and twelve volumes of the Brick Magazine. These fall more directly within the scope of the library of the industrial museum than that of this institution. Dr. Otto Haas, a well-known vertebrate paleontologist from Vienna, worked for several weeks as a volunteer, in collaboration with members of the staff of the Departments of Geology and Zoology, on a research project based upon the Museum’s collection of vertebrate fossils. Members of the Museum staff were honored in various ways during the year: 206 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HiIstorY—REPporTs, VOL. 12 The degree of Doctor of Philosophy was conferred on Mr. Alexander Spoehr, Assistant Curator of American Archaeology and Ethnology, by the University of Chicago at its quarterly convoe: tion held December 17. Dr. Paul S. Martin, Chief Curator of Anthropology, was elected President of the Central Section of the American Anthropological Association, and was appointed a member of the Committee on the Conservation of Archaeological and Historical Sites of the Illinois State Academy of Science. Mr. Bryant Mather, Assistant Curator of Mineralogy, was elected to membership in the Johns Hopkins Chapter of the Society of Sigma Xi, honorary natural history society. Dr. Julian A. Steyer- mark, Assistant Curator of the Herbarium, was elected Vice-President of the Chicago Aquarium Society. Mr. Emmet R. Blake, Assistant Curator of Birds, was appointed chairman of the field commi of the Chicago Ornithological Society. Mrs. Leota Gregory Thomas, of the Raymond Foundation staff, was appointed chairman of the Chicago Committee for the Museum-—School Branch of the Progres- sive Education Association. Various members of the Museum staff were active, both in Chicago and outside the city, on local field trips, in special studies in other institutions, in meetings held by various learned societies, as guest speakers for organizations of many kinds, or on radio programs. Among those who figured prominently as lecturers and radio speakers were Mr. Emmet R. Blake, Assistant Curator of Birds; Mr. Loren P. Woods, of the Raymond Foundation staff; Major Clifford C. Gregg, Director; Mr. C. Martin Wilbur, Curate of Chinese Archaeology and Ethnology; Mr. Karl P. Schmidt, Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles; Dr. Julian A. Steyermz Assistant Curator of the Herbarium; Mr. John W. Moyer and Mr. C. J. Albrecht, Staff Taxidermists; Mr. Rudyerd Boulton, Curate of Birds, and Mr. Bryant Mather, Assistant Curator of Mineralogy. Mr. Bryan Patterson, Assistant Curator of Paleontology, two scientific papers at the annual meeting of the vertebrate sectior of the Paleontological Society of America, held in Pittsburgh. Mr. Henry Herpers, Assistant Curator of Geology, attended meetings of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Enginee in New York. Mr. Emmet R. Blake, Assistant Curator of Birds, made a field trip to study colonies of nesting egrets at Avery Island, Louisiana, as the guest of Mr. John A. Holabird, Mr. Holabird’s son Christopher, and Mr. E. A. MclIlhenny. By this trip he was Pad INTRODUCTION 207 enabled also to bring the Museum a representative collection of Gulf Coast vertebrates. Mr. Blake later attended the meeting of the American Ornithologists’ Union at Boston, and presented a paper on ‘The Brazilian Frontier of Guiana,”’ outlining the work of the Sewell Avery Expedition to British Guiana. Dr. B. E. Dahlgren, Chief Curator of Botany, collected plants during a vacation trip to Brazil. Mr. Karl P. Schmidt, Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles, made a visit of several weeks to Rochester, New York, to compile data on the history of Ward’s Natural Science Establish- ment, an organization which had an important influence on the development of science and scientific museums in this country. Dr. Henry Field, Curator of Physical Anthropology, collected several hundred specimens for the Museum’s Departments of Botany, Geology, and Zoology on a field trip in southern Georgia and northern Florida. Mr. Henry W. Nichols, Chief Curator of Geology, Mr. Elmer S. Riggs, Curator of Paleontology, Mr. Bryant Mather, Assistant Curator of Mineralogy, and Mr. Henry Herpers, Assistant Curator of Geology, attended the meetings of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, the Society of Exploration Geophysicists, and the Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists. Field Museum was represented at the Eighth American Scientific Congress at Washington, D.C., by Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood, Chief Curator of Zoology. This notable scientific meeting was held as part of the program commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Pan American Union, and was attended by leading scientists from countries of North, Central, and South America, and the West Indies. Dr. Osgood was honored by being appointed to preside at one of the sessions of the Section of Biological Sciences. Dr. Osgood also attended the meetings of the American Society of Mammalogists at Denver. Miss Miriam Wood, Chief of the Ray- mond Foundation, Mrs. Emily M. Wilcoxson, Librarian, and Mr. James H. Quinn, of the Division of Paleontology, represented Field Museum at the annual meeting of the American Association of Museums in Detroit. Mr. Quinn presented a paper on a phase of museum technique. Mr. Rudyerd Boulton, Curator of Birds, attended the meeting of the American Ornithologists’ Union in Boston, and presented a paper, “‘Sea Birds of the West Indies,’’ recounting observations made on the Leon Mandel Caribbean Expedition. Dr. Paul Martin, Chief Curator of Anthropology, presented a paper on the only two known 208 FreLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIsTory—REports, VOL. 12 systems of writing that originated in the New World—those of th Mayas and the Aztecs—before a symposium of epigraphers and othe scholars held at the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicage In recognition of the excellence of the radio follow-up program of the Raymond Foundation, Miss Miriam Wood, Chief of its s was invited to present a demonstration of this type of work for th benefit of radio educational experts from all over the country wh attended the Fourth Annual Broadcast Conference in Decembe Field Museum was represented at the Sixth Annual City-wie Recreation Conference, held November 8, by the Director and t Mrs. Leota G. Thomas of the Raymond Foundation staff. conference was sponsored by the Chicago Recreation Commissior Its theme was “Recreation and Preparedness,”’ discussion bein directed upon recreation as an aid to civilian morale in time of emergency. Many of the noted scientists, and persons distinguished in othe fields, who had oceasion to visit Chicago during the year made point of including Field Museum among the institutions they con: sidered of outstanding interest. It is possible to list here only few of these. Among the many to whom the Museum was host were: Lord Lothian, British Ambassador to the United States; Dr. Julian S. Huxley, Secretary, London Zoological Society; Mr. Arthur Uph Pope, Director, Iranian Institute of America, New York; Dr. Willi B. Pettus, President, College of Chinese Studies, Peking; Dr. Adolfe D. Holmberg, Director, Zoological Gardens, and professor in University of Buenos Aires; Count Jerzy Potocki, Ambassador 0 Poland to the United States; Mr. Alfred M. Bailey, Director, Cole rado Museum of Natural History; Mr. Frederic Douglass, Actin Director, Denver Art Museum; Dr. James G. Needham, Emeritt Professor of Entomology, Cornell University; Dr. Ale’ se Curator, Physical Anthropology, United States National Mus Mr. David Finley, Director, National Gallery of Art, Washing D.C.; and His Beatitude, Eshai Shimun, Patriarch of the Chur re of the East. The Museum Cafeteria served meals to 97,225 persons durin 1940. The rooms provided for children and others bringing thei own lunches were used by 75,738 persons. A special lunch countel supplied to the larger part of the latter group supplementary refresh ments such as hot beverages, soft drinks, sandwiches, ice crear etc., but the tables and benches in these rooms are available visitors regardless of whether they make such purchases or not DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY 209 Detailed accounts of activities in the various Departments and divisions of the Museum will be found in the pages that follow: DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY RESEARCH During the year work on various research problems was under- aken by members of the Department of Anthropology staff, and atisfactory progress was made. Dr. Paul S. Martin, the Chief Curator, and Mrs. Elizabeth S. Nillis published their long-awaited book, Anasazi Painted Pottery n Field Museum of Natural History (Anasazi is a Navaho term ised by archaeologists to denote all Pueblo and Basket Maker ulture periods of the Southwest). Most of the pottery illustrated in this memoir was collected in he 1890’s by various Field Museum expeditions to the Southwest. “he collection, about 5,000 pieces, includes many rare and even nique items, most of which had never been exhibited to the public nd none of which had been studied by experts. The volume illus- rates about one-fifth of the entire collection, both typical and rare jeces, and contains descriptions and pertinent data as to locality, ype, and chronology. This study, which took more than two years o complete, makes the collection available to all interested persons —laymen, artists, teachers, and students, as well as archaeologists. ‘he work exemplifies the manner in which present-day methods of cholarship and research can be applied to make useful various naterials collected in the haphazard fashion of fifty years ago. t shows how such methods can extract new details from a hitherto lead and useless collection, and how they can vivify it for all to ise and enjoy. Mr. Richard A. Martin, Curator of Near Eastern Archaeology, ompleted the research necessary for the installation of material rom the ancient city of Kish in the Hall of Babylonian Archaeology Hall K), which was opened to the public in August. A preview of he hall was held for the press, special guests, and members of Field Museum. Further details concerning this hall will be found in this eport under Installations and Rearrangements. Mr. Martin also repared a leaflet entitled Ancient Seals of the Near East, which lescribes in detail the frieze in this hall, and gives translations of nscriptions appearing on the seals. The specimens in Hall K were xcavated by the Field Museum—Oxford University Joint Expe- ition to Mesopotamia (1923-33). 210 FreLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistorY—Reports, VOL. 12 The Etruscan, Egyptian, Roman, Syrian, and Arabian jewelry in the Gem Room (H. N. Higinbotham Hall—Hall 31) was alse catalogued by Curator Martin. Dr. Wilfrid D. Hambly, Curator of African Ethnology, devoted ~ the early part of the year to preparation of Craniometry of Ne Guinea, published by Field Museum Press. The book was released in February. This volume contains a full record of measurement on 195 skulls brought to Field Museum by the late Dr. Albert B Lewis, leader of the Joseph N. Field Anthropological Expedition te the South Sea Islands (1909-13). This is the largest collection of crania from New Guinea that has yet been studied and the resulting data made public. The report contains a comparative study of Melanesian, Polynesian, Australian aborigines, and African Negre skulls. This report is the forerunner of a series of publications or craniometry, based on collections which have accumulated in Field Museum since 1893. Research during 1940 was concentrated on approximately 100 skulls from the islands of Melanesia and Poly nesia. The plan of work is to produce a series of brief reports on vari ous regions of the Pacific, and in summation a succinct, comparative study of racial types of the whole Pacific region. Mr. C. Martin Wilbur, Curator of Chinese Archaeology and Ethnology, conducted research upon and directed installation of many newly acquired specimens. A lacquered wooden grille for a coffin, probably dating from the third century B.c., archaic bronze pottery, and porcelain from several periods, two monumental stone lions, and Chinese peasant embroideries were put on exhibitior Mr. Wilbur also studied Chinese texts for information concerning social and economic conditions during the last two centuries before Christ. This work was done in preparation for a forthcoming book on Slavery in China During the Former Han Period. Dr. Alexander Spoehr, Assistant Curator of North American Archaeology and Ethnology, prepared for publication a report for Field Museum Press on Skidi Pawnee Society, by the late George A. Dorsey and the late James R. Murie. The notes for this publication were collected from 1903 to 1907 by Dr. Dorsey, aided by Murie, a Pawnee Indian. Dorsey later prepared a rough draft for this report from his notes. Dr. Spoehr used this first draft as the basis for the book in its final form. This publication was released in September. In addition, Dr. Spoehr supervised checking, sorting and cleaning of Middle American and South American specimer ; (M eH) AZojoovyosy uvjuoyAqeg Jo [1®H ay} Ul payonsjsuodal puv ‘UoT}Ipedxg JULOL AVISIOATU PIOJXO-WNesnW Pelz Aq peyeAvoxy ysry 38 (a'y Aanjquep yqwnog) II andeyg Aq pajonijsuod Surpying jeAo TVLHOd GINVSVS 1 8 WOJj UOI}BIOD3p Od9NYS DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY Pik in the archaeological storeroom, and worked on plans for rein- stallation of Hall B (American Archaeology). Up to the time of his death on October 10, 1940, Dr. Albert B. Lewis, Curator of Melanesian Ethnology, supervised the reinstalla- tion of many cases in Hall G (Malaysian Ethnology). This entailed writing more comprehensive labels, selecting suitable photographs to illustrate the specimens, and rearranging the material on the screens in a more attractive manner. During the year, Dr. Henry Field, Curator of Physical Anthro- pology, completed Part I, No. 1, of The Anthropology of Iraq—The Upper Euphrates. The manuscript on The Anthropology of Iraq, Part I, No. 2—The Lower Euphrates—Tigris Region—has been turned over to the Museum Press. Dr. Field spent several weeks at Harvard University completing a research project on the physical anthropology of the modern peoples of Iraq. Mrs. Rose Miller continued volunteer work in studying and arranging the collection of 3,000 rubbings of Chinese historical monuments. Mr. John Rinaldo, Associate in Southwestern Archaeology, worked on The Su Site, Excavations at a Mogollon Village, Western New Mezico, 1939, a report of the 1939 Field Museum Expedition to the Southwest, led by Dr. Paul S. Martin. He helped also in pre- paration of a case showing the growth and development of stone tools in the Southwest, and a case of pottery and artifacts from Lowry Ruin (Hall 7). The latter embodies the latest ideas for exhibiting materials, the uses of which are vividly illustrated by means of four paintings by Miss Anne Harding. Mr. Rinaldo also helped in cata- loguing several collections. Miss Marjorie Kelly, who is likewise an Associate in Southwestern Archaeology, worked on skeletal material for the report of the 1939 Field Museum Expedition. Her report was included in The Su Site, Excavations at a Mogollon Village, Western New Mexico, 1939, published in June, 1940. Miss Kelly also cleaned and sorted pottery. Miss Anne Fuller, Volunteer Assistant, aided in the arrange- ment of archaeological materials. Miss Margaret Ross, Volunteer Assistant, rendered valuable assistance in drawing layout sketches in color for the reinstallation of Hall B (American Archaeology). She also verified accessions and catalogue numbers for a periodic inventory. Miss Virginia Coward, Volunteer Assistant, gave valuable help in checking specimens and records in connection with the cataloguing 212 FieLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistorYy—ReEports, VOL. 12 of gems and the recataloguing of pottery from the Southwest. She also mounted many photographs, verified accessions and catalogue numbers for check lists, labeled a study collection of Southwes' pottery, and did much clerical work. Miss Anne Harding, Volunteer Assistant, painted several wate colors depicting Pueblo life. These are exhibited in Hall 7 (Archae- ology and Ethnology of the Southwestern United States). She z completed layout sketches for the proposed reinstallation of Hall B Miss Jane Darrow, Volunteer Assistant, who began work i November, has typed more than 500 cards for the geographic subject index of specimens in this Department. In addition, she has been helpful in editing and revising manuscripts. The Department of Anthropology contributed fifteen articles to Field Museum News, and data for many articles published in newspapers. During the year, members of the staff of the Department devoted many hours to preparation of scripts for ‘How Do You Know a series of Museum radio programs. Several members of the Depart- ment likewise participated in experimental television program sponsored by the Zenith Radio Corporation. ACCESSIONS-—-ANTHROPOLOGY The Department of Anthropology listed 28 accessions, comprising 1,014 specimens, of which 437 were gifts, 116 were acquired b exchange, one was purchased, and 460 were among previously uncatalogued material in departmental storerooms. As a result of an outstanding gift received in 1940 from the General Electric X-ray Corporation, Chicago, this Department will be enabled in 1941 to add a most unusual and spectacular exhibit to the Hall of Egyptian Archaeology (Hall J). The gift include all the X-ray equipment and accessories required for installation in the Museum of the exhibit featured by General Electrie for twe seasons at the New York World's Fair (1939-40) in which a mummy (sent to the Fair on loan from Field Museum’s collections) X-rayed before the public view at intervals of less than one minut throughout the exposition visiting hours. This interesting exhib "a will no doubt attract the same widespread attention at the Mus that it did at the Fair. Notable gifts of Chinese specimens during the years includec two monumental stone lions from Peking, now exhibited in George T DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY le and Frances Gaylord Smith Hall (Hall 24). They came from Mrs. Frederick S. (Grace Studebaker) Fish, of New York, and probably date from the eighteenth century. In recognition of this valuable gift, the Trustees of the Museum elected Mrs. Fish a Contributor, an honor which continues in perpetuity. A collection of carved ivories was received from the Estate of Louis L. Valentine, Chicago; and eleven ceramic specimens, ranging in date from the Han to Ch’ing dynasties, were given by the firm of Grow and Cuttle, of Chicago. The Cenozoic Research Laboratory of Peking Union Medical College presented a colored cast of the reconstruction of the “Peking Man,” one of the oldest representatives of the human race. This most welcome gift has been placed on exhibition in the Hall of the Stone Age of the Old World (Hall C). The Estate of Mrs. A. L. Fisher, of Colorado Springs, presented to the Museum 1,200 negatives and prints forming a pictorial survey of Iraq. Five albums of these prints were added to the Department files. The Museum now possesses one of the finest existing series of photographs of Iraq and her peoples. Dr. Henry Field, of Chicago, contributed ethnological specimens from Syria and Iraq, pottery from Petra, Trans-Jordan, and pre- historic artifacts from the type Mousterian station at Spy, Belgium. CATALOGUING, INVENTORYING, AND LABELING—-ANTHROPOLOGY During the year, 20 of the 27 new accessions were entered, as well as all or part of 55 previous accessions. The number of catalogue cards prepared during the year totaled 7,974, and 7,500 cards were entered. Since the opening of the first inventory book, the total number of catalogue cards entered is 226,495. For the current year, the distribution of catalogue cards was as follows: North and South American archaeology and ethnology, 294; Chinese, Japanese, Tibetan, and Korean archaeology and ethnology, 212; African ethnology, 49; Near Eastern archaeology, 194; Melanesian and Polynesian ethnology, 361; physical anthro- pology, 6,864. From copy prepared by members of the Department, the Division of Printing issued 962 labels (1,985, if duplicates are included) for use in exhibition cases. Distribution was as follows: North and South American archaeology and ethnology, 176; African ethnology, 2; 214 FleELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL History—REeEports, VOL. 12 Melanesian and Polynesian ethnology, 516; Near Eastern archae ology, 197; Chinese archaeology, 52; European archaeology, 19. The Division of Printing also supplied 119 captions for photo graphs, 64 maps, 8,485 catalogue cards, and 228 shelf labels fe storerooms. In the Departmental albums, 5,263 additional photographs mounted. This necessitated opening new albums. About 8,07. prints in the library of racial type photographs of the peoples of tt world were checked. Cataloguing and rearranging of ethnological specimens from Europe and southwestern Asia were completed. A collection of jewelry and ornamental stones, chiefly from th Kabyles of North Africa, was catalogued. New labels were prepared, and about one hundred of the best samples are now ready for incor- poration in a larger collection which will be installed in a room showing gems and personal ornaments from many parts of world (H. N. Higinbotham Hall—Hall 31). INSTALLATIONS AND REARRANGEMENTS-——ANTHROPOLOGY Hall K, the new Hall of Babylonian Archaeology, was completec and opened in August under the direction of Mr. Richard A. Martin, Curator of Near Eastern Archaeology. The exhibits are made up of thousands of objects excav from Kish, for four thousand years an important city of an Babylonia. It is located in Iraq, east of Babylon. The excavatic was done over a period of ten years by the Field Museum—Oxfor University Joint Expedition to Mesopotamia. The staff of the Professor Stephen Langdon, of Oxford, composed of archaeologist from Great Britain, France, and the United States, supervised t excavating and laboratory research. Hundreds of native laborer performed the actual digging. Ever since the termination in a of ten years of field work, efforts and time have been d towards reconstruction and preparation of the material selected for exhibition. This hall represents the longest period of civili zation which has been reconstructed by Field Museum. From tht pottery, sherds, statuary, tablets, bronze work, and building materia recovered it has been possible to identify this ancient city and recour its history. One of the important exhibits is the reconstructed gateway ¢ the Sasanid period. Curator Martin reconstructed this portal 2 DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY 215 the Museum, using wherever possible the original stucco from the royal buildings. Other interesting and valuable features are the earliest chariot wheels ever found; the miniature reconstruction of a chariot complete with horses and riders; and a frieze of seal repro- ductions. The frieze illustrates the high attainments of the glyptic artists of the Near East. In order to illustrate the history of this art from 3200 B.c. to A.D. 850, Curator Martin selected, for enlarged reproduction, impressions from eighteen cylinder seals and six stamp seals. These impressions, magnified twenty-five times by projection, were modeled in clay from the projections, and then cast in plaster with the help of the Federal Art Project of the Work Projects Administration. The resultant reproductions have been made into the frieze, for which special illumination is provided. The scale for these reproductions is such that the most minute details are clearer (even when viewed at a distance of twenty feet) than they are on the originals when examined with a hand lens. The impressions depict nearly all of the life of the times, with emphasis on the mythological aspects. During the year it was decided to dismantle the old installation of jewelry in H. N. Higinbotham Hall (Hall 31) in order to catalogue and rearrange some 2,500 specimens. These include materials from Peru, India, Arabia, North Africa, Egypt, Rome, and Syria. The plan is to install them in new, well-lighted cases. When completed in 1941, this will be one of the leading exhibits of its kind in the country. A case of archaeological specimens from the Lowry Ruin, Colo- rado, was prepared by Mr. John Rinaldo, Associate in Southwestern Archaeology, under the direction of Dr. Paul S. Martin, and placed in the Hall of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Southwestern United States (Hall 7). One side of the case shows the artifacts from Lowry Ruin in Southwestern Colorado. They are grouped in panels, each panel illustrating a different activity of the prehistoric inhabitants, such as building houses, hunting, and holding a ceremony. The objects in each panel are grouped around a water color picture illustrating the activities in which they were used. The other side of the case shows the progressive development, in | stone and bone artifacts, of the Pueblo culture from Basket Maker | times to historic times. The objects are grouped together on a panel, period by period, thereby showing the lineal sequence or ‘“‘life history”’ of each type of artifact shown. The Department prepared ‘a case of materials illustrating the growth and development of writing for a special event at the Rotary 216 FreLp MUSEUM OF NATURAL History—REports, VOL. 12 Club. In this display were an early Babylonian contract and othe documents written in hieroglyphics on clay. The Egyptian mummy of a man named Harwa was prepared fe the second season of display in the General Electric X-ray Cor- poration’s exhibit at the New York World’s Fair. A representati collection of Sasanian material was sent to the Exhibition of Persi Art in New York. A case of rare wooden figures was lent to the American Negro Exposition which was held in the Coliseum in Chicago from July 1 to September 1. The specimens were collected by Curator Wilfri D. Hambly. The Museum lent a small fragment of a Roman iron scythe (dated as first century after Christ) to the Republic Steel Corpo tion for the purpose of helping that company to find out whethe case hardening was known to the Romans and, if so, how it accomplished. At the request of the Department of Arts and Crafts of the United States Department of the Interior, the Museum lent to Museum of Modern Art, New York, eighteen rare specimens repre senting excellent examples of Indian Art. A collection of North American ethnological specimens was len for three months to the University of Minnesota Art Gallery for special exhibit of primitive art. The total number of specimens restored and repaired during the year is 286. Two skilled technicians, Mr. Tokumatsu Ito and Mr. John Pletinckx, have restored Southwestern pottery specimen: excavated by the last expedition to New Mexico, a Chinese coffir grille, and many pieces of pottery that have been placed on exhibi- tion in Hall K. Cases have been readjusted and relabeled where necessary. Four storerooms have been checked and many thousands of specimer identified. Glass in the exhibition cases of Hall J, the Hall o} Egyptian Archaeology, has been thoroughly washed. In addition, work on the geographical-subject index of thi Department's specimens has continued throughout the year. thirds of the North American ethnological material is now in it final index-form and is available for use. The utilitarian value ¢ the index has already been proved by its efficiency in supplying information to members of the Departmental staff. Furthermor representatives from other museums have pronounced it a defini advancement in the field of scientific cataloguing. DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY 217 DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY EXPEDITIONS AND RESEARCH In continuation of the Museum’s botanical exploration in Guate- mala, reported in 1939, Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, Assistant Curator of the Herbarium, who arrived there in October, 1939, remained until May, 1940. He was accompanied by Mr. William H. Coibion, a University of Illinois student, as volunteer assistant. They visited a great number of localities in which botanical collections had never been made. Dr. Steyermark succeeded in amassing some 11,000 numbered collections containing 25,000 specimens which, though yet imperfectly studied, have shown conclusively that the flora of Guatemala is still inadequately known. The Museum’s efforts to contribute to the knowledge of it are proving decidedly valuable: several new genera, hundreds of new species and, especially, new extensions in the known distribution of hundreds of plants, not only of Guatemala but of North and South America as well, point to the far-reaching scientific importance of this endeavor. Typical of such “range’’ extensions, and of interest to many readers of this Report, was the discovery of the partridge berry—a plant of the northern and eastern United States and familiar in the Indiana Dunes—for the second time south of the United States. The wealth of plants in Guatemala is not altogether surprising, for conditions in some of the regions where Dr. Steyermark collected practically duplicate those of other lands. Thus, for example, exten- sive cloud forests in the Sierra de las Minas, never before ascended by a botanist, proved to be a natural habitat for some high Andean as well as North American plants. Making its headquarters in strategic places, the party explored many types of terrain, including several volcanoes, notably the mag- nificent Tajumulco, which rises to 11,000 feet above San Sebastian. The slopes of these great mountains are cut by hundreds of streams. Associated with them are steep thousand-foot gorges and cliffs which make exploration very difficult, for frequently one has to travel several miles in order to ascend or descend. Through the generosity of Professor Ulisses Rojas, of Guatemala City, excellent headquarters were provided at Finca Pirineos for collecting the flora of this voleanic region. Likewise, through the courtesy of Don Erich Zoller, of the Central American Plantations, hospitality was provided at Finca #] Porvenir. Dr. Steyermark explored the jungles along the Atlantic coast and the mountains adjacent. These areas contributed largely to the knowledge of the relationship of 218 FireELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIsToRY—REPoRTs, VOL. 12 floras of other Central American countries—Honduras, Briti Honduras, and Costa Rica. The expedition yielded an unusuall: large number of specimens of palms, orchids, bromeliads, and ferns. In addition, several hundred collections of seeds and living specimer of ornamental or interesting plants were brought back as a contribu tion to the Garfield Park and other Chicago Park District cor servatories. Some of these plants have already been displayed have been used otherwise to supplement the botanical collectior there. The botanical exploration in Guatemala is being continued inte 1941 by Mr. Paul C. Standley, Curator of the Herbarium, who left Chicago late in September. During the three months already pz in the field, he has made extensive collections in eastern Guatem These have resulted thus far in more than 5,000 numbered col- lections, with some 10,000 specimens. The rainy season mac conditions unusually favorable for collecting. Mr. Llewelyn Williams, Curator of Economic Botany, granted an extension of his leave of absence to permit the continu ation of his botanical explorations in Venezuela as aide to Dr. Henry Pittier, Chief of the Botanical Service of the Venezuelan Minist of Agriculture. During 1940 Mr. Williams made excursions to the coast range above Caracas, where a large tract of forest land i the state of Aragua is set aside as a national park. He also visite many other areas along the north coast. However, as in the previ- ous year, his principal investigations were in the region south of th Orinoco. At the end of October Mr. Williams returned to resume hi work at Field Museum. An article based on his observations of las year, entitled “‘Botanical Exploration in the Middle and Lower Caure Venezuela,’ was published in the June number of Tropical Woods Material and data on inter-tidal vegetation, tide pools, and other details necessary for the preparation of a north Atlantic co habitat group of marine algae were collected by Emil Sella, Chi Preparator of Botanical Exhibits, on a field trip to the Maine coast The collections supplement those made by a previous expedition te Maine and the Bay of Fundy. A number of localities were visitec some as far south as Bar Harbor, but most of the collecting done on the shore of Quoddy Head near Lubec in the Bay of Fundy This is the easternmost point within the borders of the Unite States. The tidal range on this coast is from twenty-three to twenty five feet, and Mr. Sella found the low tide period ideal for working during the best part of the day. (¢z 11H) sur] poo jo \jBH 9y} UI jesseoy| snine Aq sjvinuwi Jo selies 84} JO suo sepuy ey} Ul asn UOMWOD Ul [JS JUeWedUT JRAN}jNdIIZe eAtTWId vB ‘MojdpuvY ay} Jo Suva Aq POS ay) suluin}y Aq peivdeid st punois ayy NUdd NI ONILNVTd OLVLOd THE LiIBhANT gf ihe wwiversiTy 9 f yuinols DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY 219 In the phanerogamic herbarium there have been mounted and distributed 38,431 sheets of specimens and photographs. More than 2,680 typewritten descriptions of plant species, prepared in the Department or received in exchange, also have been added. These descriptions, when available in the study series, facilitate determina- tion and study of new or old material. Work of mounting current collections has been kept well up to date, and at the end of 1940 only a relatively small quantity of material awaited preparation. The filing of new accessions to the Herbarium kept pace with the mounting, making new collections immediately available for use. Many hundreds of new covers for genera and species were prepared, and the alphabetical and geographical filing was checked and cor- rected in many groups. The purchase of twenty new metal her- barium cases provided considerable space for expansion and for some desirable rearrangement. In the cryptogamic herbarium the addition of two new eight-door metal cases furnished much needed space for filing the material recently acquired. New specimens were mounted as soon as they were received. An inestimable amount of help in writing labels, packeting specimens, filing herbarium sheets, determining species, and preparing duplicate material for exchange was given by Mr. Donald Richards, of the Hull Botanical Laboratory, University of Chicago. Other assistance in determina- tion of specimens, chiefly in the collections of fungi and lichens, was given by Mrs. G. B. Stifler, also of the Hull Botanical Laboratory, and Dr. V. O. Graham, President of the Illinois Academy of Sciences. The project of repacketing the older specimens and of mounting each upon a single sheet has been continued from previous years, and at the end of 1940 the entire algal and moss collections had thus been renovated. During the past year, 9,496 prints, from the negatives of plant type specimens obtained in European herbaria by Associate Curator J. Francis Macbride, were supplied to botanists of North and South America at cost, or in exchange for similar type photographs or for specimens desired by Field Museum. As usual, many plants were submitted to the Department dur- ing the year for study and determination. Numerous local specimens were brought to the Museum for naming by residents of the Chicago region, and hundreds of inquiries regarding the most varied aspects of botanical science were answered by letter, telephone, and interview. Throughout the year the collections of the Department were consulted by visiting botanists from near and remote parts of the 220 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistorY—ReEportTs, VOL. 12 United States, and from several foreign countries. Much use h been made of them by scientists and students from the education institutions in or near Chicago, or elsewhere in Illinois and neigh boring states. A number of students of the algae and bryophyt thus worked in the cryptogamic herbarium for periods of a week more each during 1940. Mr. Donald Richards, of the University ¢ Chicago, spent a considerable part of the year studying the collectior of bryophytes. Mr. J. C. Strickland, of the University of Chicag and the University of Virginia, devoted the period from March unti June to a study of the Nostocaceae. Mr. Richard Wood, of North western University, was engaged in work on the Characeae. D G. W. Prescott, of Albion College, visited the Museum for ten day in October to consult the cryptogamic herbarium in his work on th plankton algae of Wisconsin. Miss Cécile Lanouette, of the Ur versity of Montreal, studied the Myxophyceae during the mont of December. Mr. William A. Daily, of the University of Cincinnati, was at the Museum for ten days in August working jointly with Dr Francis Drouet, Curator of Cryptogamie Botany, on a revision of the Chroococeaceae. Publications of the Department of Botany during 1940 were as follows: Botanical Series, Volume 9, No. 4, Flora of the Aguan Valley and the Coastal Regions near La Ceiba, Honduras, by T. G. Yuncker, and No. 5, Studies of the Vegetation of Missouri—I, by Julian A. Steyermark; Botanical Series, Volume 21, Travels of Rui. Pavén, and Dombey in Peru and Chile (1777-1778), by Hipélito Rui with an Epilogue and Official Documents added by Agustin Jes Barreiro (translation by B. E. Dahlgren); Volume 22, six numbers (all devoted to flowering plants most of which were recently collected in Guatemala), respectively, Nos. 1, 2, and 3, Studies of A D Plants—-IX, X, and XI, by Paul C. Standley; Nos. 4 and 5, Studies of Central American Plants—I and II, by Paul C. Standley and Julian A, Steyermark, and No. 6, A New Genus of Compositae fre Northwestern Alabama, by Earl Edward Sherff. Early in the year, the Spring Flora of Missouri, by Assistant Curator Steyermark, was published jointly by the Missouri Botanic: Garden, of St. Louis, and Field Museum. It includes descriptions anc illustrations of each of the 1,400 species of plants which bloom before June 1. Most of the keys to families, genera, and species are illus trated, thus facilitating their use. About two-thirds of the draw- ings were made by artists of the Work Projects Administration. The staff contributed numerous signed articles and brief notes to Field Museum News and to Tropical Woods, and supplied inform: DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY 221 ion for numerous newspaper articles. Curator Standley and Assist- unt Curator Steyermark published during the year many short oapers dealing with plants of the United States and tropical America. Botany Leaflet No. 25, published toward the end of the year, s entitled The Story of Food Plants, and contains plates reproducing the seventeen mural paintings in Hall 25 by Julius Moessel (text of the leaflet is by Chief Curator B. E. Dahlgren). ACCESSIONS—BOTANY In 1940 there were received in the Department of Botany 345 accessions, comprising about 80,000 items. The accessions included material for the wood and the economie collections, as well as for the exhibits and the Herbarium. Classified by sources, 14,057 same as gifts, 16,936 in exchanges, 8,057 as purchases, and 41,173 were obtained by Museum expeditions. Included also are 554 photographie prints transferred from the Museum’s Division of Photography. Of the total receipts, items for the herbaria amounted to more than 76,545, including plant specimens, photographs, typed descrip- tions, and type negatives. The largest accession of the year consisted of approximately 25,000 specimens collected in Guatemala by Assistant Curator Steyermark, as described upon a preceding page. Among other material gathered by members of the Department staff were 2,538 specimens from Missouri, obtained by Assistant Curator Steyermark; 15,000 plants of the United States and Mexico, collected by Curator Drouet and Mr. Donald Richards; 752 Florida and Illinois plants, collected by Curator Standley, and 455 Venezuelan plants, collected by Curator Williams. The largest of the exchanges received during the year consisted of 2,958 specimens forwarded from the Herbarium of Arnold Arboretum at Harvard University. This collection consists of woody plants from many parts of the world. Other important exchanges received during 1940 include 1,470 specimens of Bolivian plants, from Mr. B. A. Krukoff, of the New York Botanical Garden; 1,273 plants of the southwestern United States and Lower California, from the National Arboretum, Wash- ington, D.C.; 1,024 plants of North and South Carolina, and 440 of Virginia, from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University; 555 specimens of Chinese plants from the Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts; 100 specimens of Argentinian plants from Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Instituto del Museo, La Plata, Argentina; 346 specimens of plants from the western United States 222 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIsToRY—REpPorRTS, VOL. 12 and Panama, from the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis; South American plants from the United States National Museum Washington, D.C., and 261 Mexican plants from the Dudley He barium, Stanford University, California. Gifts of phanerogamic material consisted of 11,212 items, an¢ included much of the most valuable material that reached th Herbarium during the year. Outstanding among them was a serie of 2,200 specimens of Peruvian and Bolivian plants, presented b Dr. T. W. Goodspeed, of the Department of Botany, University of California, at Berkeley. This collection consisted of plants collected on the University of California's Second Botanical Expedition to Andes. Other South American collections received by gift included 48 Venezuelan plants collected by the Rev. Padre Cornelio Vogl, Cara cas; 248 specimens of Venezuelan and Colombian plants from Brother Elias, Caracas; 171 Colombian plants from Brother Apolinar-Ma Bogota; 87 specimens of Brazilian plants from Professor José Badin Minas Geraes; and 88 specimens of Argentinian plants collected b Mr. Arturo E. Ragonese, Santa Fé. A large amount of Centrz American and Mexican material was received during 1940. Among gifts may be mentioned 960 Mexican plants presented by the cc lector, Mr. Ernest G. Marsh, Jr., Victoria, Texas; 55 Quatem lan specimens from Dr. J. R. Johnston, Chimaltenango; 123 Guate malan specimens from Don José Ignacio Aguilar G., Guatemala City 138 specimens from British Honduras and Puerto Rico, from Mr. B A. Krukoff, New York Botanical Garden; 70 Guatemalan specimen from Mrs. B. B. Lewis, Guatemala City; 189 Costa Rican specimer from Museo Nacional, San José, presented through the Director, Professor Juvenal Valerio Rodriguez; and 125 Mexican plants from the Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin. Among gifts of plants collected in other areas are 217 specimens, chiefl Hawaiian, from Dr. Earl E. Sherff, Chicago; 67 specimens of Pan manian plants, from Miss Dotha Seaverns, Bennington, Vermon 214 Tennessee and Ohio plants from Mrs. Alice S. Roberts, Chicage 140 Indiana and Minnesota plants from Mr. Donald Richards, Chicago; 129 Texas plants from Mr. George L. Fisher, Houston, Texas; 239 Illinois plants from the Illinois State Museum, Spring field; 121 New Mexican specimens from Sister M. Marcelline Horton, Grand Rapids, Michigan; 108 Illinois and Wisconsin plants from Mr. Hermann C. Benke, Chicago; and 626 Illinois and Missour plants from Mr. Bill Bauer, Webster Groves, Missouri. To the cryptogamic herbarium 23,871 specimens were addec during 1940. These consist largely of algae and mosses, partially Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. 12, Plate 17 he , (| y! E /@ f f % BEE SWARM ORCHID (Cyrtopodium punclatum) A reproduction of a large epiphytic orchid of the American tropics, recently added to the exhibits ir Martin A. and Carrie Ryerson Hall (Hall! 29, Plant Life) DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY 223 of hepatics, fungi, and lichens. The largest accession was of about 12,500 cryptogams collected by Curator Drouet and Mr. Donald Richards in the Mexican state of Sonora, and in New Mexico, Arizona, and California on the Field Museum Expedition to Sonora and Southwestern United States (1939-40). Some 2,000 mosses and algae came from the Sewell Avery Expedition to Guatemala (1938-39), and from Florida in 1940, all collected by Curator Standley. Further collections were made by members of the staff in the vicinity of Chicago. Several thousand cryptogams, mostly algae, collected by Dr. Drouet in Massachusetts and Maryland in July, have not yet been accessioned. Many gifts came from individuals. Mr. Donald Richards, of Chicago, contributed 945 specimens, mainly bryophytes of Minne- sota, Illinois, and Indiana. From Mr. William A. Daily, of Cincin- nati, came 373 specimens of the Chroococcaceae of Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. Dr. M. J. Groesbeck, of Porterville, California, who is engaged in a survey of the hot springs and alkali flats and lakes of eastern California and western Nevada, sent 253 specimens of algae. An additional 225 specimens of the algae of Burma were accessioned from Dr. L. P. Khanna, of Rangoon. From Professor William Randolph Taylor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, were received 138 specimens of Myxophyceae. Dr. George J. Hollenberg, Red- lands, California, sent 107 specimens of Myxophyceae of California. Eighty-eight specimens of Canadian Myxophyceae from the Pro- vince of Quebec came from Dr. Jules Brunel, of Montreal. Mr. Hermann C. Benke, Chicago, contributed 83 specimens of cryptogams of Wisconsin. Dr. G. W. Prescott, Albion, Michigan, made a gift of 76 algae of the Canal Zone and Wisconsin. Mr. Lawrence J. King, of Richmond, Indiana, presented 69 algae of Wayne County, Indiana; Dr. Herman Kleerekoper, of SAo Paulo, 45 algae of Brazil; Mr. James R. Hurt, of Columbia, Missouri, 44 algae of Missouri; and Miss Barbara Willis, of Bennington, Vermont, 42 mosses of the Canal Zone. The largest collection received by gift, but not yet prepared for accessioning, is a complete set of the several thousand numbers of Myxophyceae in the herbarium of the late Professor Nathaniel Lyon Gardner, of the University of California. One set of specimens of this collection is to remain at the university, and the duplicate sets are to be distributed from Field Museum. A considerable portion, containing about 5,000 specimens, of the algal herbarium of the late Professor K. Okamura, of Hokkaido 224 FreLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL History— Reports, VOL. 12 University, was purchased in December from Dr. Shigeo Yamanouch It is hoped that these specimens, collected by the first great Japane phycologist, will be made available for study at Field Museum som time in 1941. A large part of Kryptogamen Badens, of Jack, Leine and Stizenberger, along with certain smaller sets of exsiccatae ¢ cryptogams, was also purchased in 1940. The algal herbarium of the late Professor W. A. Kellerman, ¢ Ohio State University, consisting of 227 specimens from Guaten Ohio, and Europe, was placed in the cryptogamic herbarium o Field Museum through the courtesy of Dr. Clarence E. Taft and Mr. William A. Daily. This was acquired partially by gift ane partially by exchange. In exchanges, 291 specimens of algae and mosses were received from the New York Botanical Garden; 257 algae and bryophytes o California and the Pacific Islands from Dr. F. Raymond Fosbe Arlington, Virginia; 252 Myxophyceae of the Philippines, colle by Dr. G. T. Velasquez, from the herbarium of the University of th Philippines; 145 algae of Montana, collected by Messrs. Fred Barkley and Stanley A. Ames, from the herbarium of Montana Stat University; and 110 Myxophyceae of Virginia, from Mr. J. C. Strick land, Charlottesville, Virginia. Field Museum sent in exchanges té various institutions, 1,471 specimens of cryptogams. The study series of woods was increased considerably by materi: acquired mostly through exchange. The largest item, numberin close to 2,400 specimens, was received from Mr. B. A. Krukoff, ¢ New York, as part payment for a complete set of photographs type herbarium specimens. This includes more than seven hundre samples collected by Mr. Krukoff on his fifth expedition to Brazilian Amazonia in 1934-35; approximately eight hundred num bers assembled in the same general region during 1936-37; a set ¢ 385 specimens from the Bolivian Amazonia; 261 hand samples fror the Sultanate of Asahan, Sumatra, Dutch East Indies; and a dupl cate set of the material collected in 1929 by Mr. G. Proctor Coop III in Liberia, West Africa, for Yale University School of Forest Several hundred study specimens were received from the Botan cal Service of the Ministry of Agriculture of Venezuela. These wet collected by Curator Llewelyn Williams during his botanical exple rations of the National Park, State of Aragua, and on his rece expedition to the region south of the Orinoco. Through the gene osity of Sefior Joaquin Avellan, of Caracas, the Museum receis DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY 225 nine panels suitable for exhibition purposes, representing some of the most widely used woods of Venezuela. Mr. F. A. McClure, Curator of Economic Botany for the Lignan Natural History Survey and Museum, contributed 85 hand speci- mens of Chinese wood. Mrs. B. B. Lewis, of Guatemala City, gave 22 samples. To the economic collections Dr. Elizabeth Bacon, of Seattle, Washington, and Captain W. J. Moody, of the British Legation at Peshawar, India, contributed 107 specimens of plant drugs sold in the markets of Meshed, Persia, and Kabul, Afghanistan. Other material received included samples of beans from Mr. Clayborn Wayne, State College of New Mexico; fruits of the ivory palm (Hyphaene) from Victoria Falls, Southern Rhodesia, donated by Mr. Robert B. Dickinson of Lake Forest, Illinois; and 73 specimens of fruits, seeds, oils, and palm material collected in Venezuela by Curator Williams. The total of numbered specimens in the botanical collections at the end of the year 1940 was 1,067,247. CATALOGUING, INVENTORYING, AND LABELING—-BOTANY During 1940 there were distributed in exchange to institutions and individuals in North and South America, and Europe, 91 lots of materials, totaling 9,917 items, including herbarium specimens, wood specimens, photographs, and typed descriptions of plants. Fifty-four lots of material, comprising 2,429 separate items, were received on loan for study or determination, and 119 lots, comprising 14,876 specimens, were lent for determination or for use in mono- graphic studies. Hundreds of index cards were typed for the study collection of woods, and all the wood specimens received during the year were stamped with the collector’s catalogue number. Typed copies were also made of field notes to accompany herbarium specimens. For convenience in reference, specimens of economic plant material, fruits, seeds, fibers, etc., were selected from the large quantity of material stored in the lockers under the cases in the exhibition halls. When properly classified and arranged for con- venient access they will constitute a ready reference collection. INSTALLATIONS AND REARRANGEMENTS— BOTANY In the exhibition halls of the Department of Botany the most notable additions were made in the Hall of Food Plants (Hall 25), 226 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL History— Reports, VOL. 12 and in the Hall of North American Woods (Hall 26). In the form ten new murals were added to those reported in 1939, increasi the total number to seventeen and completing the series no decorating three sides of the hall. These paintings depict human activities concerned with t gathering, planting, and cultivation of Man's more important typ of vegetable food, and the preparation, transportation, and ce merce of foodstuffs. Two of the new murals are maps. One shov the ancient trade routes over which the products of the East formerly brought to the Western World. The other shows the of origin of the principal cultivated food plants in the Old and Ne Worlds. The entire series thus constitutes a pictorial story of foe plants and serves to enhance the interest of the botanical exhibits i this hall. These new murals, like those mentioned and figured the previous year’s Report of the Director, are the work of M Julius Moessel, Chicago artist, well-known for his decorative pair ings. Reproductions of the whole series have been published, wit an accompanying text, in Botany Leaflet No. 25, The Story Food Plants. An example is shown in Plate 16 of this Report. The exhibits of North American trees and woods in C. F. Mills paugh Hall (Hall 26) have been supplemented by the addition many photographic transparencies showing forest types and woe land formations. Most of the photographs from which these hat been made were obtained by loan and represent a selection from t vast number of negatives in the files of the United States Fore Service. A few are from the Museum’s own files, and others ha been obtained from individuals and associations such as the Sat the Redwood League, American Lumberman, ete. Here, as in Hi 25, the presence of colored out-door scenes contributes greatly the appearance of the hall and to the interest of the related specime! A few of the installations of conifers in the northwest quarter of t hall were rearranged recently to provide a more orderly sequence. In the Hall of Foreign Woods (Hall 27) several additions made to existing installations. These include a splendid plar “tpil,”’ a Philippine wood, donated several years ago by Mr. R Bond of Chicago, and a fine specimen of West Coast mahe (Swietenia humilis), the gift of Mr. L. Lind Petersen, of Escuint Guatemala. From material received in 1937 from the Mexican ge ernment, and other sources, the exhibit of woods from Mexico we increased by the addition of an assortment of eleven species, mostl from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Other installations were Centr Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. 12, Plate 18 A SMALL FOSSIL DEER-LIKE MAMMAL Skeleton and restoration of Leptomeryx, which attained only the size of a large jack rabbit. Collected from Oligocene deposits in the Bad Lands of South Dakota by a Museum expedition of 1905 Ernest R. Graham Hall (Hall 38) DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Do American woods and four panels of East Indian woods, contributed by Ichabod T. Williams and Sons, New York, by Russel Fortune, Inc., Indianapolis, and by R. S. Bacon Company, Chicago; several full length panels of West African woods; and four European woods, Slavonian and Austrian oak, pearwood, and Turkish boxwood. In Martin A. and Carrie Ryerson Hall (Hall 29, Plant Life) the only additions made during the year were a ginger plant, reproduced by Artist-Preparator Milton Copulos, from a specimen of ginger grown in the Museum, and a large fruiting branch of a rose to illustrate a type of fruit hitherto lacking in the exhibit of the rose family. To the palm exhibits in Hall 25 there was added a reproduction of a handsome cluster of dates received a few years ago from the govern- ment experiment station at Tucson, Arizona. This reproduction is in large part the work of craftsmen working with the aid and under the supervision of Mr. Emil Sella, Chief Preparator of Exhibits, and Mr. Milton Copulos. The time and effort of the preparators of botanical exhibits have been devoted throughout the year mainly to work on new plant habitat groups for Ryerson Hall. DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY EXPEDITIONS AND RESEARCH An expedition led by Mr. Paul O. McGrew, Assistant in Paleon- tology, spent four months collecting fossil mammals from the lower Miocene deposits of South Dakota and western Nebraska. The extensive series of specimens secured include two skeletons of a small gazelle-like camel, Stenomylus, and ten skulls and a large number of other bones of the primitive deer Aletomeryx. A rich microfauna of extinct rodents (Aplodontoidea, Geomyidae, and -Heteromyidae), containing at least two new genera and several new species, was also obtained. Bones of the giant fossil sloth Megalonyx were collected by Mr. Bryan Patterson, Assistant Curator of Paleontology, and Mr. James H. Quinn, Assistant in Paleontology, at London Mills, Illinois. Although far from a complete skeleton, and not to be compared in this respect with the giant sloths collected by the Marshall Field _ Expeditions to South America, it is much more complete than any of the other specimens of the genus found in Illinois. Mr. Sharat K. Roy, Curator of Geology, spent three months collecting specimens relating to physical geology. During this time, eighty-five localities in nine states—Nebraska, South Dakota, Colorado, Wyoming, Virginia, New Jersey, Connecticut, New York, 228 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIsToRY—REpPoRTs, VOL. 12 and Massachusetts—were visited, and several hundred specimer were collected. The specimens were carefully selected as to siz and shape so that every one is usable for exhibition, if needed They represent the work of ground water, the erosional work ¢ running water, rock weathering, many forms of deformation of tk rocks of the earth’s crust, and various phases of metamorphism. During the last week of September Mr. Roy was assisted by } Henry Herpers, Assistant Curator of Geology. Mr. Bryant Mather, Assistant Curator of Mineralogy, sper about three months in the field in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virgini and West Virginia, making geological studies with special reference to structural analysis. The area studied contains the geological unit that forms the transition from the highly metamorphosed re of the Piedmont to the east and the more gently folded sediments rocks of the Shenandoah or Cumberland Valley and the Appal: chians to the west. In connection with his studies, Mr. Mather mac a sizable collection representing structural and dynamic geology Most of these specimens are for study purposes, but some are suitabh for exhibits and will be used in the reinstallations of physical geology exhibits in Clarence Buckingham Hall (Hall 35) now under Assistant Curator Patterson spent three weeks in the American Museum of Natural History, New York, the United States Nationa Museum, Washington, D.C., and the Museum of Princeton Uni versity, making studies and comparing specimens. In Museur publications there appeared two papers on South American fe mammals by Mr. Patterson, and he is preparing five others. article of his on fossil collecting appeared in the Chicago Nature Mr. MeGrew wrote a paper, now in press, on a Miocene lage morph for the Museum publications. Also, in collaboration wi Dr. Everett C. Olson, of the University of Chicago, he prepared | paper on a Pliocene mammalian fauna from Honduras which w appear in the Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. A paper describing a fossil turtle from Arkansas, by Karl P Schmidt, Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles, was published in th Geological Series. An article by Mr. Quinn, describing the use of rubber molds fe making casts of fossils as perfected in the vertebrate paleontolog laboratory, appeared in the Museum's Technique Series. Oth articles on the subject by Mr. Quinn appeared in Rubber Age ar Museum News, the latter a periodical published by the Amerie Association of Museums. A leaflet on Collection and Preservation DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY 229 Fossil Vertebrates was prepared by Mr. Elmer S. Riggs, Curator of Paleontology, and is ready for publication. Curator Roy spent the greater part of the year upon the comple- tion of his memoir, The Upper Ordovician Fauna of Frobisher Bay, Baffin Land, which is now in press. This paper, based on his field work as a member of the Rawson—MacMillan Subarctic Expedition for Field Museum (1927-28) consists of the description and illustra- tion of 116 species and the determination of their stratigraphic range. Of the species described, forty-two are new. The memoir is supple- mented by a chapter, “‘Narrative of the Expedition with Notes on the Coastal Geology of Labrador and Baffin Land.” This chapter has been introduced to maintain continuity of geological observations and to give the reader a bird’s-eye view of the expedition as a whole. The study of the fossils upon which the memoir is based reveals that no Black River or Trenton time is represented at the head of Frobisher Bay as previously reported, but all the strata therein present are of late Ordovician or Richmondian time. This con- clusion clarifies a long-standing controversial phase of Arctic Ordovician stratigraphy. The National Museum of Costa Rica, at San José, sent Field Museum a collection of varied geological specimens to be identified. All of these, except six fossil leaves which are now being studied by Dr. Ralph Chaney, of the University of California, were identified. The invertebrate fossils were identified by Dr. Otto Haas, formerly of Vienna, acting temporarily as a volunteer assistant. A paper by Dr. Haas, describing the fauna, is undergoing some revision and amplification before publication. In the chemical laboratory four meteorites were analyzed by Assistant Curator Herpers. He also treated eighteen bronzes for the Department of Anthropology by the Fink process for curing malignant patina. None of the many specimens sent in for examina- tion as possible meteorites proved to be meteorites. Numerous necessary qualitative analyses and microscopic studies were per- formed as usual. Also, 585 gallons of aleohol were purified for the Department of Zoology, and distilled water was provided as needed. The equipment for sawing and polishing stone was, until August, in constant use, cutting and polishing the agates, fossil wood and other ornamental stones obtained by the Expedition to the Pacific Northwest (1938). When a supply of finished specimens ample for several years’ needs had been accumulated, this work was discontinued, and the saw was put to use cutting to exhibition 230 FreLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL History—REporRTS, VOL. 12 size and shape the many specimens illustrating physical geola collected in 1940. In the vertebrate paleontology workrooms molds were mac from a plastic rubber mixture introduced and perfected by Assistan Quinn, and series of casts were made by this method from specimer of Mesembriornis, Barylambda, Haplolambda, Sparactolambda, B soides, Hippidium and Aepyornis. Copies of these casts were sen to ten museums by exchange, sale or gift. In return for the exchanges, many casts valuable for study and research were secured. Plaster models were made of the primitive deer-like anima Leptomeryz, of the Miocene camel Ozydactylus, of the armored mammal Glyptodon, and of the great sloth Megatherium. ne figures, all but one in miniature, are intended to supplement exhibi of fossils. ACCESSIONS-—-GEOLOGY The Department of Geology recorded during the year seventy- two accessions which included 890 specimens. Classified by source 516 came as gifts, 50 were from exchanges, 298 were from expedition or were otherwise collected by members of the staff, and 26 purchased. These figures do not include the three collections, estimated to contain more than a thousand specimens, from tt expeditions conducted by Curator Roy, Assistant Curator Mathe and Assistant McGrew. The unpacking and classifying of these t under way, but has not advanced to the stage of accessioning cataloguing. No large collections were received by gift or pureh Additions to the mineral collection, while not numerous, were im portant because they added many mineral species previously eithel lacking or poorly represented. Of these, the following are worthy of special mention: mazapilite and dussertite from Mapimi, Durango Mexico, the gift of Mr. Francis Wise, of Colorado Springs, Colorado dahllite, presented by Mr. O. J. Salo, of Red Lodge, Mont. a shortite from Wyoming, the gift of Mr. Bryant Mather, of Chica zc ferritungstite, presented by Miss Ann Trevett, of a Wyomir clinozoisite and thinolite, received from Dr. M. apts | Porterville, California; chiastolite in the form of two plaques ¢ transparent sections of crystals from Australia and Massachu: the gift of William B. Pitts, of Sunnyvale, California; and a sma gem opal of fine quality, mounted in a silver band, presented bi Mr. H. W. Plantz, of Chicago. The meteorite collection was increased by the purchase of twenty three specimens of meteorites not before represented. Anoth DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Zan interesting addition was a meteorite which came from near the Odessa meteorite crater, presented by Professor Lincoln La Paz, of Columbus, Ohio. It has special interest because it was excavated from a bed of limestone. The tektite collection, temporarily placed with the meteorites until the true nature of these puzzling objects is determined, was increased by the addition of seven specimens. Six of these are tektites presented by Mr. R. Schaap, of Batavia, Netherlands East Indies, and one is a fragment of Darwin glass obtained by an exchange with Mr. John D. Buddhue, of Pasadena, California. The more important additions to the vertebrate fossil collection came from the Expedition to South Dakota and Nebraska, and are mentioned elsewhere. Professor Arnim D. Hummel, of Richmond, Kentucky, owner of the ground near London Mills, Illinois, in which a partial skeleton of the giant sloth Megalonyx was buried, presented the fossil to the Museum. It was excavated by members of the staff. Other gifts of vertebrate fossils included nine fossil mammals, from Assistant James H. Quinn; a lower jaw of a fossil raccoon, from Mr. Grayson E. Mead, of Chicago; eighteen groups of fish teeth, from Dr. R. R. Becker, of Gainesville, Florida, and a skull of a fossil dog, from Mr. Robert G. Schmidt, of Homewood, Illinois. The collections of rocks and physical and economic geology material were increased by important additions estimated to contain several hundred specimens from two expeditions conducted by Curator Roy and Assistant Curator Mather. These expeditions were not only eminently successful in their primary objective of obtaining speci- mens for the improvement of the physical geology exhibit, but they also obtained many specimens for the other collections of the Depart- ment. Forty-six miscellaneous specimens came from expeditions conducted by other Departments. Other accessions to the collec- tions, which were fewer than usual, include eighty-nine specimens from fourteen donors. CATALOGUING, INVENTORYING, AND LABELING—GEOLOGY During 1940, there were 890 specimens catalogued in the Depart- ment’s twenty-eight record books. All classified card catalogues have been kept up to date. The map catalogue, begun in 1939, is completed. A classified card catalogue of the gem collection in H. N. Higinbotham Hall (Hall 31) was made, and proved useful 232 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL History—REportTs, VOL. 12 in the preliminary stages of reinstallation of this hall. In all, the} classified catalogues were increased by the addition of 4,258 ecards. Copy for 1,125 labels was prepared and sent to the Division of Printing. Labels installed numbered 1,264. | INSTALLATIONS AND REARRANGEMENTS— GEOLOGY Changes in the mineral installation in Hall 34 were limited to. some replacements of inferior specimens by better ones, and the addition of miscellaneous specimens received during the year. This collection, with its 32,000 specimens, now covers almost the entire range of mineral species and varieties. In the nearly forty-eight years of Field Museum's existence the number of specimens in the mineral collection has quadrupled, largely through the efforts of the late Dr. Oliver C. Farrington, former head of the Department, and the goal of complete representation has been ever more closely approached. Of the 824 distinct mineral species known in 1892, the original collection purchased at the time of founding the Museum included 491, and up to the beginning of 1940 there had been added 120 more. In 1940, examples of five more of these “original’’ mineral species, as well as of four other species not before represented, were added to the collection. The meteorite collection was enlarged by the addition of twenty- four meteorites and eight tektites. Much of the interest in iron meteorites lies in the Widmanstitten figures, which are interlacing patterns of bands and lines developed on polished surfaces of the meteorites by etching with acid. Old methods of etching meteorites produced results much inferior to those obtained by applying the technique more recently developed in the laboratories of the United States National Museum. The figures on many of the older specimens are dull, often imperfect, and sometimes spotted with rust. program of re-etching such meteorites as inspection shows can improved, has been started, and twenty-four have been treated. Revision and reinstallation of the exhibits of physical and economic geology and paleontology in Halls 35, 36, 37, and 38 tinued. As this involves transfer of exhibits between the halls, reinstallation of all four is proceeding simultaneously. None of halls have been closed, and although many cases have been emptied, it has been possible so to conduct the work that the major part the exhibits always remains on display. Installation of the improved physical geology collection w occupies the east half of Clarence Buckingham Hall (Hall 35) DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Das interrupted when early reports from collecting parties in the field indicated that material superior to any now in the collections will soon be available. These collections were received late in the year and the work of preparing them for exhibition was started. Many of the new specimens require cutting on the stone saw to a size and shape suited for exhibition. The large model of the Natural Bridge of Virginia was moved from Hall 34 to a better location in the corridor connecting Halls 35 and 36. Reinstallation of the industrial mineral exhibit in Hall 36 con- tinued during the first part of the year as fast as reconditioned exhibition cases became available. As the new installation includes much material transferred from Frederick J. V. Skiff Hall (Hall 37), a necessary condensation was made by transferring to the study collections specimens primarily of interest to specialists. There they remain available to those competent to profit by their study. It is believed that the new installation, although holding fewer specimens of most groups, will be of more general interest. Three and one-half cases of fluorite, barite, and sulphur were installed. Further installation was postponed to allow closer attention to preparations for reinstallation of the gem collection. Removal from Hall 36 of overflow material from the industrial mineral exhibit (which formerly filled the west half of Hall 37) is nearly completed. This change provides space for the invertebrate paleontology exhibit, which is to be moved from Hall 38. Some of the exhibits were reinstalled in Hall 36, others were taken to the work- rooms for revision before reinstallation, and still others were trans- ferred to the study collection. The marbles and building stones for which no space could be found in the new installation were retired. In the ore collection (east half of Hall 37) one case of tin and antimony, and one case of rare metals were reinstalled. The conversion of Ernest R. Graham Hall (Hall 38) from a hall of general paleontology into a hall of vertebrate paleontology, for which plans were made in the preceding year, was actively prose- cuted throughout 1940. This required, besides preparation of new specimens and of specimens not before shown, remounting and re- finishing many of the older exhibits. New exhibits include a skull of the large horned dinosaur Anchi- ceratops, and an unusually large skull of the swimming reptile, Tylosaurus. Skulls of the extinct mammals Achaenodon, Doli- chorhinus, Daphaenus, and Desmathyus were prepared for exhibition, and a large number of other mammalian specimens were added to 234 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIsToRY—REpPoRTs, VOL. 12 the study collection. A skull of the fossil amphibian Buettneria, ar shells of two large fossil turtles, were prepared and mounted fe exhibition. More notable specimens are a skeleton of the giant beaver, Castoroides, and a skeletal restoration of the great South American carnivorous bird, Mesembriornis (Plate 20), both mounted by Assistant James H. Quinn. A large section from the famous bor deposit at Agate, Nebraska, was prepared under his supervision. A skeleton of the Pliocene camel Procamelus was prepared and mounted under the supervision of Assistant Paul O. McGrew. Fossil skeletons remounted include one of the great South American armored mammal, Glyptodon clavipes, to which leg bones and pelvis were added to make an essentially complete specimen The older collections of fossil fish-lizards, crocodiles, and plesiosaurs of the European Jurassic were refurbished; seven of the specimens were remounted, and all were installed in two cases with new labels. A case of Paleozoic and Jurassic fishes, and one of Cretaceous Eocene fishes, were likewise gone over and reinstalled, as were twe cases of Cretaceous swimming reptiles and flying reptiles, all unde the supervision of Curator Elmer S. Riggs. A new type of case without shelving, and with lower base and consequent enlarged exhibition space, has been adopted for Ernest R. Graham Hall (Hall 38). A new type of lighting also provide much more effective illumination for exhibits. In this new type c case, the exhibits enumerated above were installed. Preparation for a complete reinstallation of the gem collection ir H. N. Higinbotham Hall (Hall 31) occupied much of the time of th staff during the last four months of the year. The new installation will be in especially designed cases with improved illumination. Methods of display have been adopted which will bring out the full beauty of the gems in a manner impossible in the old installatior As no catalogue of the gems was available, and as many of the spec mens are of great value and so small as to be easily mislaid, extrac dinary means were taken to prepare and check a list of all spec mens and to safeguard them from the time of dismantling the old collection until reinstallation. Before the cases were opened a check list was made containing a description of each specimen with a copy of its label and such dat as could be found in the records. All cut stones which could not be numbered without impairing their appearance were measured and weighed to the nearest milligram, and these figures recorded against the catalogue numbers assigned to them. It will always be possik (N 1l®H) sjemwmeyy sulivyy jo [je& Hy qiayoeny “D inyjyry Aq punoisyoeg “yydIeIqTy “f °D Aq Auleplxe Spuvys] JOTIqug ey} UO SpuNnois SUIpseiq 94} 4B BUGDS AUAMOOY TVES YO NVASVIV of THE wiveRsity OF Lawes DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY 235 from these records to identify any gem that at some future time might accidentally become separated from its label. All other speci- mens were numbered and the numbers recorded. A card catalogue has been prepared from the check list, and as the cards contain records of the size of every specimen, it has been possible to mark on blue prints of the interior of the cases the place each specimen is _to occupy in the new installation. The use of these plans will greatly expedite the actual installation when the cases are ready, and will allow the installation to proceed with a minimum of handling specimens. Thirty-five sections of steel tray racks were placed in rooms 108 and 116 to provide increased accommodation for the study collec- tions of physical geology and mineralogy. Over-crowding of the study collection has been relieved, and the collection is now in as good order as is possible until the contemplated increase of storage facilities becomes available. DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY EXPEDITIONS AND RESEARCH The Magellanic Expedition of Field Museum, sponsored by President Stanley Field, in 1940 completed the work in South America _ which it began in 1939. The party, led by Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood, _ Chief Curator of Zoology, included Mr. Colin C. Sanborn, Curator of Mammals, and Mr. John M. Schmidt, field assistant. The Chilean city of Punta Arenas, on the north side of the Strait of Magellan, was reached about the middle of December, 1939. Punta Arenas, head- quarters for the expedition from December 15 to March 15, is the southernmost continental city in the world. Far removed from other parts of South America, and with a population of about 30,000, it is the metropolis of a little world of its own in a region devoted mainly to large scale sheep raising. A two-ton Ford truck, purchased for the work in the Magellanic region, proved invaluable in transporting the party with its equip- ment and collections. A representation of the mammals from the great island of Tierra del Fuego (the ‘Land of Fire’’), which is cut _ off from the mainland of South America by the Strait of Magellan, was the main objective of the expedition. Various collecting sta- tions were established on the island, two in the far south on Lakes Fagnano and Yewin. Headquarters for a considerable stay were generously provided at the Reynolds’ Ranch at Via Monte, and a short stop was made at Estancia Cullen, to the north. A very satis- _ sive ever made in the Magellanic region, now especially importar 236 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIsTorY—REpPorRTs, VOL. 12 factory collection of mammals and birds was made at these localit including series of the rare Scoresby’s gull and of the sheathbill. On the mainland, collecting was carried on at nine localities the north and east of Punta Arenas, and within a radius of 200 r A comprehensive collection of all of the small mammals of the reg was obtained, including all the forms known with the exception ¢ a burrowing rodent, now apparently extinct. However, two spec mens of a new species, representative of the form thought to b extinct on the mainland, were obtained on Riesco Island. In the collection includes 472 mammals, and is much the most ext in view of the trend toward extinction of many forms under th alterations of soil and vegetation produced by the vast flocks ¢ sheep. The collection includes also 155 birds and a few lizards ¢ the southernmost form in South America. Work ended the middle of March at the end of the brief Anta summer. Mr. John Schmidt returned to New York with the cc lections via the west coast. Dr. Osgood and Mr. Sanborn proceede by steamer to Buenos Aires, whence Dr. Osgood returned to Chie. via the east coast of South America, visiting Sado Paulo, B en route, for a conference with Dr. Oliverio Pinto, Director of th Museu Paulista in that city. Curator Sanborn spent two weeks in further collecting in 4 tina, at Dorrego, near Bahia Blanca, and at Chimpay on the Rit Négro. Returning to Buenos Aires, he took the train for Coch bamba, Bolivia, to examine collections offered for sale. After short stop in La Paz, he crossed Lake Titicaca to Puno, Peru. The work of the Magellanic Expedition in Peru during 1939 h defined certain geographic problems in the distribution of sma mammals, and indicated desirable additional collecting stations i southern Peru. Collections of mammals, birds, and reptiles made at Yunguyu and at Pocosani in the Lake Titicaca region, Bafios de Jésus above Arequipa, and at Chucurapi, a sugar pla tation near the coast. At the latter place a remarkable bat, hithe extremely rare in collections, was obtained in good series. h mammals collected in Peru in 1939 and 1940 total 633. The tota number of mammals collected by the expedition is 1,419. Bire collected number 334, and reptiles and amphibians 1,694. The Museum is greatly obliged to the personnel of the America embassies and consulates in Peru, Chile, Argentina, and Bolivi for aid and advice to the Magellanic Expedition. In additior DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY 2a important assistance was rendered by Dr. Carlos Nicholson and Sefior Fernando Lopez de Romano, of Arequipa, Peru; by Mr. George Hodgson, of Talca, Mr. Fred Turner, of Osorno, Mr. William Fell and his son, of North Arm Station, Mr. John Dick and Messrs. Greer and McLean, of Punta Arenas, all in Chile; by the Bridges, Reynolds, and Goodall families of Tierra del Fuego; and by Mr. Hal Hodges, of Buenos Aires, Sefior José Maria Perez Bustos, of Bahia Blanea, and Sefior Gaston Pawley of Chimpay, Argentina. The Mandel Caribbean Expedition, led by Mr. Leon Mandel, of Chicago, and conducted aboard his yacht, the Buccaneer, was in the Caribbean region from January 1 to February 9, 1940. Messrs. Rudyerd Boulton, Curator of Birds, and D. Dwight Davis, Assist- ant Curator of Anatomy and Osteology, accompanied the expedition. By means of the Buccaneer, they were able to make collections of birds, mammals, and reptiles on remote and little visited islands, together with considerable collections of fishes, numerous inverte- brates, a specimen of the rodent genus Capromys embalmed for ana- tomical study, and a specimen of the relatively rare Cuban crocodile. The party visited Swan Island and the Bay Islands off Honduras, various islands off the coast of British Honduras, including Glover’s Reef, Half Moon Cay and Turneffe Island, and Mujeres, Cancun, and Contoy Islands, off Yucatan. No opportunity was lost to obtain collections from these little-visited islands. The expedition, in addition to various lots of invertebrates, collected more than 500 fishes, 350 reptiles and amphibians, 150 birds, and 36 mammals. A motion picture record of the Mandel Caribbean Expedition, in color film, was made by Messrs. Boulton and Davis. This includes especially interesting views of the nesting rookeries of sea birds on the islands visited, and slow motion flight pictures of various birds, especially of the frigate bird. The year’s publications in the Museum’s Zoological Series include A Tentative Classification of the Palearctic Unionids, by Dr. Fritz Haas, Curator of Lower Invertebrates; Notes on Texan Snakes of the Genus Salvadora, by Karl P. Schmidt, Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles; A New Toad from Western China, by Curator Schmidt and C. C. Liu, of West China Union University; A New Venezuelan Honey Creeper, by Emmet R. Blake, Assistant Curator of Birds; A New Savannah Sparrow from Mexico, by Sidney Camras, former aid in the Division of Birds; Notes on the Anatomy of the Babirusa, by D. Dwight Davis, Assistant Curator of Anatomy and Osteology; and Studies of the Anatomy of the Extrahepatic Biliary 238 FieLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistorYy—ReEports, VOL. 12 Tract in Mammalia, by Stewart Craig Thomson, of Loyola Universit Chicago. ‘Mammals from Iraq,” by Colin C. Sanborn, Curator ¢ Mammals, appeared as an appendix in Anthropology of Iraq, by Dr. Henry Field, of the Department of Anthropology. Publications outside the Museum by the Department st include seasonal reports on the bird life of the Chicago region i Bird Lore, by Rudyerd Boulton, Curator of Birds, and istar Curator Blake; a technical report on the amphibians of China, t Clifford H. Pope, Assistant Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles, ar Dr. Alice M. Boring of Peking, and a book by Mr. Pope, China’ Animal Frontier, an account in popular style of his travels as museum collector. Dr. Fritz Haas published a paper, Ecologica Observations on the Common Mollusks of Sanibel Island, resulting from Field Museum's Florida Expedition of 1939. | Thirteen signed articles were written for Field Museum News t various members of the Department. Research activities of the staff not reflected in published work include continued studies on bats by Curator Sanborn, who has taxonomic monograph of the family Rhinolophidae in preparation a technical report on various malacological collections and specimens, by Curator Fritz Haas, ready for publication in the Museum's Zoological Series at the end of the year, and studies on Peruvi mollusks by Dr. Haas. In the Division of Birds, in addition t Curator Boulton’s continued studies on African birds and especially — on the birds of Angola, Assistant Curator Blake completed prelimi- nary studies for his report on the birds of British Guiana based the results of his expeditions in 1937 and 1938. He also collaboratec with Mr. Harold Hanson, of the University of Wisconsin, in th preparation of a report on a collection of birds from Mexico. The third and last part of Dr. Reuben Myron Strong’s monu mental compilation, A Bibliography of Birds, was submitted foi publication in 1940, and should soon be available to students. Part | III contains the subject index, with an average of three reference to each title in the author catalogue. Dr. Charles E. Hellmayr, Associate Curator of Birds, now dent in Geneva, Switzerland, continued his research on New Wa birds. The manuscript of that part of the Catalogue of Birds of the Americas dealing with game birds, completed in co-operation with | Mr. Boardman Conover, Research Associate in Ornithology, is in | press, and the completed manuscript of the last volume of the seri has been received by the Museum. Field Museum of Natural History Reports, Vol. 12, Plate 20 a. el AA aw GIANT CARNIVOROUS BIRD Collected from Pliocene deposits of Catamarea, Argentina, by the Marshall Field Paleontological Expeditions (1922-27) Ernest R. Graham Hall (Hall 38) THE LIBRARY OF THE BRIVEHSITY pe hindis DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY 239 In the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Curator Schmidt continued studies on the amphibians and reptiles of Central America and southwestern Asia, and the fossil representatives of the living orders of reptiles, preparing a paper for the Museum’s Geological Series on a fossil turtle from Arkansas, with another publication well advanced on a Miocene alligator from Nebraska. In the Division of Insects, two papers by Assistant Curator Rupert L. Wenzel were ready for the press at the end of the year, and two further papers based on Field Museum material had been accepted for publication, one on termitophilous Diptera by Dr. Charles H. Seevers of the Central YMCA College, Chicago, and one on Mallophaga by Miss Theresa M. Clay, of the British Museum. In the Division of Fishes, Curator Alfred C. Weed agreed to prepare an account of the mullets for a comprehensive work on the fishes of the northwestern Atlantic, and made some studies in preparation. In the Division of Anatomy and Osteology, Assistant Curator Davis continued the accumulation of drawings and manuscript toward a comprehensive account of the anatomy of the giant panda based on the dissection of the famous ‘‘Su-Lin.”’ Various members of the staff attended scientific meetings during the year and engaged in studies at other museums. Chief Curator Osgood attended the EHighth American Scientific Congress in Wash- ington in May, as the representative of the Museum. Curator Boulton and Assistant Curator Blake attended the meetings of the American Ornithologists’ Union in Boston, and Mr. Boulton was re-elected treasurer and business manager of the Union. He gave an illustrated lecture on the Mandel Caribbean Expedition, and Mr. Blake read a paper on the birds of the Brazilian frontier of British Guiana. Curator Haas attended the meeting of the American Malacologists’ Union in Philadelphia in June. Assistant Curator Davis visited several eastern museums in October to examine ana- tomical exhibitions, and to discuss his important work on the anatomy of the giant panda with colleagues engaged in similar studies. ACCESSIONS—-ZOOLOGY The accessions for the year numbered 482, comprising a total of 41,756 specimens. Classified, these consisted of 1,621 specimens of mammals, 7,463 birds, 10,525 birds’ eggs, 4,936 amphibians and reptiles, 6,487 fishes, 7,384 insects and related forms, and 3,340 lower invertebrates, the last mostly mollusks. Included in the above figures are 337 specimens of mammals, birds, and reptiles preserved for anatomical study or prepared as skeletons. 240 FreLp MUSEUM OF NATURAL History—ReEportTs, VOL. 12 The accessions received as gifts include 21,775 specimens; b exchange, 435; from Museum expeditions, 12,021; and by purchas 7,525. Notable gifts of mammals include two lots of Mexican mai mals, 94 from Mr. E. Wyllys Andrews, of Cambridge, Massachusett and 47 from Mr. Harry Hoogstraal, of Champaign, Illinois. Impe tant also are gifts of 39 specimens from the Chicago Zoologie Society, and three from the Lincoln Park Zoo. Gifts accessioned in the Division of Birds include 11,923 spec mens, of which 1,398 are birds and 10,525 are eggs. These com from thirty-eight individuals and institutions. The two large gif of eggs include 9,869 from the Estate of C. K. Knickerbocke Chicago, and 657 from Mr. Joseph M. Wells, of Chicago. Importa gifts of birds include 272 specimens from the Chicago Zoologie Society; 64 from Mr. Boardman Conover, Chicago; 732 from M Melvin A. Traylor, Jr., Chicago; 26 from Mr. John A. Holabi Chicago; and 44 from Mr. Bernard Bartnick, Chicago. Gifts of reptiles and amphibians include an important collectie from Yucatan made by Mr. E. Wyllys Andrews and Mr. Melvin Traylor, Jr., resulting from an expedition financed mainly by the Dr. Henry Field, Chicago, and Mrs. Robb White, Jr., Thomasvil Georgia, presented 115 specimens from Georgia and Florida. Nume ous specimens were presented by the Chicago Zoological Society the Lincoln Park Zoo. The most important gifts among the accessions of fishes we mounted Pacific black marlin, and a model of a large thresher sh received from Mr. Michael Lerner, of New York. These specime were collected in the course of an expedition to New Zealand a Australia. A notable gift of insects, spiders, and scorpions was made t Padre Cornelio Vogl, of Caracas, Venezuela; 733 specimens, fre both North and South America, were presented by Mr. Hent Dybas, of Chicago; 413 specimens of neotropical histerid beeth including six types and ten paratypes were added to the collecti¢ by Mr. Rupert L. Wenzel, Chicago; and Dr. Charles Seevers, - Chicago, presented 52 specimens, which include six types and paratypes of new species of termitophilous flies from the neotropi A considerable gift of mollusks and other marine invertebra' came from Mr. Ben Caseard, of Gary, Indiana. The study collections of the Division of Anatomy and Osteolo have grown chiefly through the gift of specimens from the Chie. DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY 241 Zoological Society. The Division co-operates closely with the Society’s Brookfield Zoo, taking charge of animals after they die, and arranging for their best scientific use. The collections received through Museum expeditions, includ- ing collecting of insect parasites from the collections of birds and mammals in the Museum’s existing collections, amount to 12,021 specimens. Of these, the most important are the mammals, birds, reptiles, fishes, and various invertebrates from Chile, Argentina, and Peru, obtained by the Field Museum Magellanic Expedition. ‘The Museum bore a minor share of the expense of an expedition to Yucatan by Messrs. E. Wyllys Andrews and Melvin A. Traylor, Jr., whose large collections have been credited as gifts. The collections of birds, mammals, reptiles, fishes, and marine invertebrates made by the Mandel Caribbean Expedition amount to more than 1,000 specimens. Exchanges were made during 1940 with the British Museum (Natural History), the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and with various individuals. Purchases include noteworthy specimens from Mexico, the United States, and Bolivia for addition to the reference collection. Through the fund established in memory of the late Leslie Wheeler, former Trustee of the Museum and Research Associate in the Division of Birds, 85 specimens of birds of prey were added to the collection. An additional 5,133 study skins from the Bishop Collection were received from Dr. Louis B. Bishop, of Pasadena, California, supplementing the 35,076 specimens received from this source in 1939. CATALOGUING, INVENTORYING, AND LABELING—ZOOLOGY The entries in the departmental catalogues for 1940 number 26,559, of which 2,127 are for mammals, 19,371 for birds, 2,565 for rep- tiles and amphibians, 157 for fishes, and 2,339 for lower invertebrates. Storage space for the reference collection of mammals was increased by forty-one cases, eighteen in Room 76 and thirty-three in Room 78. A complete rearrangement of the collection, made possible by these additional cases, has been undertaken, and about half the work of relabeling the drawers and cases completed. The reattachment of the original labels to specimens received before 1908 has continued, and 975 such specimens have been relabeled. Other specimens labeled total 8,548 skins and 4,298 skulls in bottles and boxes. New index cards typed and old ones retyped total 5,647. 242 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIsToRY— REPORTS, VOL. 12 The catalogue entries for birds represent 19,086 skins, 220 s tons, 19 alcoholic specimens, and 46 sets of eggs. The organizati of the reference collection, involving the incorporation of the Bish Collection and other recent large accessions, was a major activil of the Division of Birds in 1940. The assignment of ninety-fe large specimen cases on the west gallery of the fourth floor to b makes possible a complete rearrangement. The families of bit listed in the first two volumes of the Check-list of Birds of the Wi (Struthionidae to Alcidae) have been arranged in this space, wh the remaining families (Pteroclidae to Fringillidae) occupy the e on the third floor in Room 76. The work of the Division was greatly advanced through t services of four volunteer assistants. Miss Sally Lawson, of Va College, worked full time from July to mid-September and fini sorting the Bishop Collection for the catalogues. Mrs. Herm Dunlop Smith, of Lake Forest, averaged two days a week in t Division throughout the year. Mrs. John A. Holabird and M Florence Cluett, both of Chicago, devoted several days each to routine work during the latter part of the year. A complete rearrangement of the reptile collection was unde taken by Assistant Curator Clifford H. Pope upon his arrival join the staff of the Museum in June. This was made possible by tl expansion of the storage and laboratory space of the Division | Reptiles mentioned in the 1939 Report. Many new labels for tl cases, drawers, and bottles were made during the course of this Newly catalogued specimens in the Division of Fishes numbered, labeled, and placed on the storage shelves, together a considerable number which were identified by Dr. Carl L. Hut of the University of Michigan, during his several visits to t Museum. In the Division of Insects, besides pinning, spreading necessary, pin labeling, and distributing most of the specime received, a number of butterflies, moths, and flies were transfe to new drawers. Much needed attention was given to specim alcohol, which were sorted, labeled, placed in more suitable’ tainers, and arranged in systematic order, making them me accessible and useful. Spread and respread were 1,457 butterfli and moths, the old brass pins being replaced with japanned pini In the Division of Lower Invertebrates the principal activit for the year was also the arrangement of the collection in new cz on the fourth floor. In addition to the cataloguing of new materi (02 18H) Spat JO eH yejyg wnesny] JO 99] “H YUeAY JO UOTeIIP JopuN s19xIOM WdM 4q se1J0sse00 V qaeyoeny *5 inyjry Aq punoisyoRg “1aA0WW “MM UYOL Aq AUIOpIxE |, puvjeoz MeN ‘juOWsY JUNO JO aseq 94} 4B a[BUIJ JUBPUS}Ie pue s330 0M} YIM 89N IMIM GNVISI HLYON yar Lion \ Ut yat ywivERsi Of yuinals DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY 243 with 2,128 entries in the catalogue of mollusks and 211 in that for other invertebrates, 1,158 older entries were checked and the lots of specimens relabeled. In the course of unpacking the collections from storage in the basement of the building, several collections of scientific importance have come to light, such as the Sonshine collection of mollusks from California, and the uncatalogued Elihu Hall collection from various parts of the United States. A capable volunteer worker, Mrs. M. J. Taylor, classified, catalogued, and labeled most of the collection of echinoderms, but was compelled to relinquish her work in May on account of ill health. INSTALLATIONS AND REARRANGEMENTS—ZOOLOGY The habitat group of northern fur seal (Plate 19) is a notable addition to the Hall of Marine Mammals (Hall N). The scene depicted is on St. Paul’s Island, one of the Pribilof group in the Bering Sea. Forty mounted seals are included, showing old bulls with their ‘‘harems” of females and many small pups. A herd of young seals is shown in the background. Among these are some of the three-year-old males called ‘bachelors,’ the surplus of which supplies the market with sealskin furs. Various sea-birds such as the auklets and puffins, which nest in the seal rookery, are also shown. The materials and studies for the group were collected by Staff Taxidermist C. J. Albrecht in 1937, and he prepared them him- self, aided by Assistant Taxidermist Frank C. Wonder. The back- ground, in which the foggy atmosphere of the Pribilofs is captured with extraordinary realism, is by Staff Artist Arthur G. Rueckert. Additions to the systematic collection of mammals in Hall 15 include a Mongolian wild ass mounted by Staff Taxidermist Julius _Friesser. The case of South American monkeys was revamped by Staff Taxidermist W. E. Eigsti, seven new specimens being added; it now includes all but one genus of the South American primates. Mr. Eigsti also mounted specimens of the Guinea baboon, wombat, and Tasmanian devil for the systematic series. Mr. Friesser completed the mounting of six African forest hogs for a group, to be completed in 1941, with accessories to show their _ African forest habitat. He also mounted a Philippine pig, a river hog, and a bush pig for the systematic case of pigs. These were supplemented by a reproduction of a babirusa, prepared by Staff Taxidermist Leon L. Walters. This was made in celluloid, by the special process originated and developed at the Museum by Mr. _ Walters more than twenty years ago, and increasingly used ever since that time. 244 Fretp MUSEUM OF NATURAL History—REportTs, VOL. 12 A new habitat group in Hall 20 has its scene laid at the base snow-capped Mount Egmont in New Zealand, to provide a setting Mantell’s kiwi. The kiwis are remarkable flightless birds charact istic of New Zealand. The mother bird in the group stands besi a nest which contains its two disproportionately large eggs. group (Plate 21) was prepared by Staff Taxidermist John W. Me with accessories by Preparator Frank H. Letl, and background Staff Artist Rueckert. In the systematic collection of birds in Hall 21, the introd of a case near the east entrance under the heading “‘What is a bire forms a step toward the more subjective and educational type ¢ exhibit which has become of increasing importance to a logical grea of the Museum's public displays. This case shows the place birds among their vertebrate relatives, and demonstrates some ¢ the major peculiarities of the bird group, such as the modificat of the arms into wings, the elaborate feather structure, and the s} tem of air-sacs which pervade the body. Much care was expenc on the preparation of the models for this screen, and on the accor panying explanatory labels, by Miss Nellie B. Starkson, Artis Preparator, under Curator Boulton’s supervision. The systemat series was amplified further by the installation of two screens the ducks of the world, one of the eagles, hawks, and vultures, one of the herons, storks, and ibises, all the work of Mr. Moyer. A temporary exhibit of eggs, based upon the recently acquii Knickerbocker Collection, was prepared for exhibition in Star Field Hall at the Easter season. It attracted much favorable atte tion, and was later removed to the southwest corner of Hall 2 A considerable number of celluloid models of reptiles and phibians was finished during the year, but none were placed ¢ exhibition, pending rearrangement of the cases. Staff Taxidermi Walters was engaged in the completion of the habitat group of t loggerhead turtle, shown laying its eggs at night on a Florida s beach. This group will not be opened until the individual lighti of the adjacent systematic cases and the opposite crocodile grot planned for completion in 1941, makes possible the solution of serious problem of reflections. Two cases of enlarged models) tadpoles were in an advanced stage at the end of the year. The are the work of Preparator Frank H. Letl and Mr. J. B. Krstolich, at embody much research in the use of plastics suitable for this purpos Much progress was made in the preparation of fish exhibit 1940. The specimens exhibited in Hall 18 were transferred to né N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION 245 eases in Hall O on the ground floor. New individual labels were ordered prepared for the entire collection, and experiments were made in the style of the large case labels. The new built-in cases with fluorescent lighting are a great improvement over anything previously used in the Museum for fishes. The habitat group of fishes of the Texas coast was enlarged and improved for its permanent installation in Hall O. It shows the fishes of the sandy bottom and their association with the ‘oyster lumps’’ which develop in such situations. A colorful habitat group of the New England fishes, exhibiting the marine life of a tidepool on the rocky coast of Maine, was completed during the year. Installation and preparation of both systematic collections and groups was the work of Staff Taxi- dermist Leon L. Pray. Accessories for the groups were produced under Mr. Letl’s direction. Hall O requires only finishing touches and the completion of labels, and is scheduled for opening in 1941. _ Experiments were made by the Division of Insects to decide on a style of case, and on labels and other details, for the exhibit of insects planned for Hall 18. A small group of Florida tree snails was installed among the lower invertebrate exhibits in Hall M. The construction of a workroom for the Division of Birds on the fourth floor is an especially important improvement in conjunc- tion with the establishment of a large share of the bird collection in the new cases in the west gallery on that floor, as it provides adequate working space accessible to the collections. N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION Because of the reserve of material acquired in preceding years, no extensive collecting was necessary during 1940 to enable the work of the Harris Extension to proceed at an active rate. Neverthe- less, ten days were spent by staff members in local field work to procure specimens needed for immediate use or to add to reserve collections. Forty-seven birds were obtained, of which thirty-one were mounted for exhibition purposes, and the remainder added to reserves. ‘Twenty-seven bird skins were purchased to replace an equal number destroyed while on loan at an elementary school. Numerous plant specimens, particularly common trees, were col- lected for inclusion in the loan herbarium now maintained by this Department. During the year twenty-four exhibits were prepared, of which sixteen were installed in standard-sized cases, and eight in a new type of hand case. Worthy of special comment among these exhibits 246 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HiIstorY—ReEports, VOL. 12 are six relating to the life of the honeybee in which effective u was made of photomacrographs to show those details of the insect’ anatomy which are ordinarily pointed out in elementary scienc¢ instruction as remarkable instances of adaptation. Also, in fe cases containing realistic models of a poison ivy plant, tinted phot graphs were used to portray a typical case of ivy poisoning. original illustration, also a tinted photograph, was supplied by Di A. W. Stillians, of Northwestern University Medical School. The new type of hand case was designed as a container for sm: specimens which are best examined at close range. It is approx mately 4x 13x 184 inches, is constructed of plywood, and h metal-bound corners, a hinged lid and suitcase latches. The botte of the case may or may not be covered with glass, depending on nature of the material, and the inside of the lid is suitable for deserip tive matter, charts, or photographs. Four such cases were installe with synoptic collections of insects to illustrate the principal comme orders, two were installed with insects directly or indirectly benefici to man’s economy, and two were installed with injurious insect The remaining six of the twenty-four cases were in a sense reir stallations because the original mounted animal specimens we retained. However, since revisions were radical and extensive, wit much new material added, they have been counted as new exhibit The subjects thus treated were the prairie dog, prairie chicken, tre sparrow, and hummingbird, of which two cases were prepared. Scenic backgrounds painted by a Work Projects Administratic artist, were added to ten cases. The marked superiority of painte backgrounds over the tinted enlarged photographs extensively u heretofore greatly improved the effect of realism in these habit groups. Considerable work also was done to the specimens foregrounds when the new paintings were placed. A hand-powered hydraulic press with electrically heated plater capable of exerting a pressure of thirty tons, was p facilitate the production of celluloid or other plastic casts fre metal molds. With this machine, the Harris Extension now ef ploys a technique in which high temperatures and great pressures al used to produce artificial foliage with the quality of good wax leay yet with the greater strength and durability to be had in pl. materials. Many highly complimentary letters of appreciation were recei from teachers and principals who find that the portable Museu exhibits aid materially in the teaching of science in the schoc N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION 247 Fourteen additions were made to the list of those receiving Harris Extension cases, and three recipients were removed. The net gain of eleven brings the total served at the end of the year to 485. Since the lending service of the Museum includes practically all of the public schools, increase in the number reached is to be expected only through the gradual growth of the public school system and the inclusion of more denominational schools and social service agencies such as the six Chicago Boys’ Clubs and three hospital schools added in 1940. Thirty-four cases each were delivered during the year to 481 schools and other Chicago institutions. In addition to the 962 eases thus kept in constant circulation, twenty-four loans totaling sixty cases were made in response to special requests. Thirteen of these requests included unattached objects such as bird study skins, herbarium sheets, or geological specimens, all of which could be handled by pupils, and nine were for standard cases only. Various exhibits and specimens were supplied for the elementary school science teacher conferences held in the Lecture Hall of the Museum under the auspices of the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation for Public School and Children’s Lectures. A metal stand with casters was designed to increase the usefulness of the portable Museum cases in special schools where many pupils are confined to beds or wheelchairs, and a trial stand was constructed in the Museum shops. It supports two Harris Extension cases in a way which enables them to be wheeled into position at bedsides, or to be viewed conveniently by a seated person. This type of stand will be used by at least ten special schools, and there are prospects of its being adopted by many other schools using Harris Extension cases. The two Museum trucks traveled a total of 11,865 miles in the distribution of cases. Such work as was necessary to keep the trucks in good mechanical condition, and preserve their appearance, was completed during the summer months. With a certain minimum of material required to maintain the pattern of service which has developed over a period of years, the efforts of the Harris Extension staff have been devoted in a large degree to the task of re-working old exhibits as well as creating new ones. After a few years, damaged or obsolescent material tends to accumulate at a rate faster than the preparation of new exhibits to replace it. Repairs must be made quickly and continuously in order that no deficiency of loan material may be experienced. 248 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL History—REPorRTs, VOL. 12 Nevertheless, there was a marked reduction in the amount damage to cases directly attributable to accident or misuse in a particular school. The front glasses were broken in twenty ca 31 per cent less than the previous year; fifteen label frames damaged, a reduction of 75 per cent; and the woodwork of nir cabinets was injured as against ten in the preceding period. The figures lose significance, however, in view of the total repairs mat necessary through wear and tear accumulated over a period time. Exclusive of complete reinstallations, repairs were made t installations in sixty-nine cases, cabinet repairs to eighty-one ¢ and label frame repairs in 125 instances. New bottoms were fitt to eighty cases, hanger strips were added to ninety-two cases, auxiliary label guides to 108 cases. The two latter items strengthening members calculated to reduce the amount of dama suffered by the case assembly. The gray or soiled interiors of cabinets were painted buff to conform to the standard color in ge eral use in the Museum. An additional 116 feet of shelving was constructed in the ne ground floor storeroom to accommodate those Harris Extensic cases which have been withheld from circulation for some time bu which are gradually being restored to usefulness or replaced. The usual annual cleaning, polishing, and inspection of cz were accomplished in July and August when all of them were f storage in the Museum. THE JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL AND CHILDREN’S LECTURES In 1940 the James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundatic continued the presentation of various programs of motion picture lectures, tours, and other activities to supplement the education work of the schools and to provide enjoyable and educational hour of entertainment for the children. Included were the regular spring, summer, and fall series ¢ motion picture programs for children shown in the James Simpsc Theatre, and two special patriotic programs; guide-lecture tours 1 the exhibition halls; four series of special science programs; radi follow-up programs; extension lectures given in the classrooms an auditoriums of schools; a special course for leaders of recreation groups—‘“Recreation Through Nature’’—given in co-operation ¥ RAYMOND FOUNDATION 249 the Leaders’ Training School of the Work Projects Administration; a series of five talks arranged for the guidance of science teachers in the elementary grades, and a series of twelve experimental educa- tional programs by television in co-operation with the Zenith Radio Corporation. Special efforts have been made to fulfill the increasingly great number of requests for lectures and tours in the Museum. These demands are heaviest during April, May, June, October, and Novem- ber, when good weather makes it possible for groups to travel hun- dreds of miles. During January, February, and March, when groups find it difficult to come to the Museum, the extension lecture service is stressed. ENTERTAINMENTS FOR CHILDREN—RAYMOND FOUNDATION The programs in the three series of motion picture entertainments, and the two special patriotic events arranged for boys and girls were as follows: SPRING COURSE March 2—Animals at Home. Including animal cartoon. March 9—The Ups and Downs of the Earth’s Crust. Including cartoon feature. March 16—The World of Trees. March 23—The Home of the Dinosaurs. Including dinosaur cartoon. March 30—Far Flying Feathered Friends. Including Silly Symphony on birds. April 6—Life Under Water. April 18—Spring Comes to the Woodlands. Including Aesop’s fables. April 20—Plant and Insect Partnerships. April 27—First Aid to Nature. SUMMER COURSE July 11—An Hour in Mexico. Mexican dancers and motion pictures. July 18—Vacationing in the Open. July 25—Elephant Boy. Featuring Sabu, a boy from India. | August 1—Nanook of the North. The story of an Eskimo boy; also a cartoon. August 8—In the South Seas with Gifford Pinchot. August 15—Animals of the Polar Regions. Including a cartoon. AUTUMN COURSE October 5—Our North American Indians. | October 12—Lands Around the Caribbean. ’ attractive. The subjects of the stories correlated with films she ’ the programs given in the Theatre, and were of seasonal interest t 250 FretD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIsTorY—REPORTS, VOL. 12 October 19 “ae the Amazon in South America. olor movie by Henrietta Mertz. October 26—From Jungle to Desert in Africa. Including a cartoon. November 2—Asia'’s Southeast Corner. Including a cartoon. November 9—China and Her People. Including a cartoon. November 16—Through the Islands of the South Seas. Including a cartoon. November 23—Why a Thanksgiving? Including a cartoon. November 30—Our National and State Parks. In addition to the above-mentioned series of entertainments t following two special patriotic programs were offered: February 12—‘‘Abraham Lincoln.” February 22—George Washington program—‘‘Betsy Ross.” The total number of motion picture programs offered in t James Simpson Theatre was twenty-six. Twenty of these repeated at a second showing, which makes the total of progra’ given forty-six. The attendance at these children’s entertainme was 29,110. Of this number 9,525 attended the spring course, 5,8 the summer course, 10,400 the fall series, and 3,309 the spec patriotic programs. Publicity was given to the programs by the Chicago Daily New Chicago Tribune, Chicago Herald-American, Chicago Daily Ti Downtown Shopping News, and many neighborhood and suburt papers. FIELD MUSEUM STORIES—-RAYMOND FOUNDATION Two series of Field Museum Stories for Children were prepare by members of the staff of the Raymond Foundation. They illustrated with line drawings and photographs, each illust being selected to add information as well as to make the story the children. Following are the titles of the stories in each series: Series XX XIV—The Bengal Tiger; Rivers as Sculptors of the Land; ral —Green Gold of the Tropics; Dinosaurs; The Winged B Blackbird; ces Sponges; The Plants in a Woodland Community; Insect Mimicry and F tective Coloration; The Importance of Conservation. Series XXXV—Pueblo Houses; The Pyramids of “Mexico; Humpless South America; Mummies on Egypt; The Taj Mahal; Rice Cultivation China; Volcanoes; The Wild Turkey—a Vanishing Game Bird; Plants A Natural Protectors of the Hills. 338AS3NOH azIs [enjzov YAXIS-AUQ wNasnyl Pjely JO uoIsue}xy JOoyS o1jqng SsWIeH “AM “N 284} Aq perederg STIOOHOS ODVOIHO YOU LICIHXH AUYOLSIH TVYNLVN ATAVLeod © WMASMIW- (THI-JO-NOISNALXA-100H9S-O1TENd-SIIUVH-M-N-OHLL ~ 2 + Ad > GINVOT ~ ‘ 338A3NOH Some 25,000 copies of Museum Stories were distributed to those ttending the Saturday morning programs. h . LECTURE TOURS FOR CHILDREN—RAYMOND FOUNDATION RAYMOND FOUNDATION 251 i . By means of conducted tours, the use of exhibition halls for lassroom work was extended to the following groups: Number of groups Attendance Tours for children of Chicago schools: Cmearo public schools). ..s 542. ee eo. 446 19,146 Chicago parochial schools.............. 38 1,709 Chicago private schools............... 14 322 Tours for children of suburban schools: Suburban public schools............... 334 11,704 Suburban parochial schools............ 21 821 Suburban private schools.............. 6 127 Tours for special groups of children: Ghildrenisiclubsi joo. cess octane 40 2,609 Special science programs............... wy 5,858 Mihiscellancousten. steers aes 68 2,615 ' Thus guide-lecture service was given to 1,079 children’s groups, ind the aggregate attendance was 44,911, an increase in number of 3,736 over 1939. In a number of instances, the schools and groups receiving such service were also given illustrated talks and discussions in the lecture aall preceding the tour in the exhibition halls. These talks and yictures provided the background for a better understanding of the exhibits in the Museum halls. The total number of these supple- mentary lectures was 165, and they were attended by 11,693 children. As in years past, many groups came in from outside the state, especially during the months of April, May, September, and October. The principal influx of such groups came from communities in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Indiana. The Museum was host on December 3 and 5 to parties of 4-H Club boys and girls who were delegates to the National Congress of 4-H Clubs held in Chicago. These groups numbered 772 girls and 750 boys. A flood of letters has been received from these fine young citizens expressing their appreciation for Field Museum’s part in their entertainment. | SCIENCE PROGRAMS—-RAYMOND FOUNDATION __In the last few years a greater emphasis has been placed on Science in the schools of the Chicago region. To meet the greater need thus engendered for lectures, tours, and supplementary mate- 252 Fre.p Museum or NaTturaL History—Reports, VOL. 12 rials, special science programs were offered in Field Museum to schools of the area. The programs offered were as follows: September and October: Conservation: Taking Care of Our Natural Wild-Life Friends (6th three p programs); The Preservation and Restoration of } et (7th and 8th LB on three programs). Trees (Common Trees of sscbood — Area)—What fog Is That? (6th grades —two ; Trees and How row (7th carey rees as oe on Waker of the Plant Bee (8th program). November and December: Animals of the World (4th grade—four programs); Rocks, Minerals, Fossils (6th grade—six programs). 5m These programs consisted of illustrated lectures in the Mu Lecture Hall or the James Simpson Theatre, followed by di study in the exhibition halls. Sheets of questions and sugge were given to the students, and with the help of Raymond Fo tion staff members the answers were obtained from the exhibit These programs proved so successful, and the demand for tt became so great that besides the twenty-one programs off fourteen additional ones were given, making a total of thirty- special science programs. One hundred and fourteen schools t groups into the Museum for these programs. Of these, ninety were Chicago public schools, ten Chicago parochial, one Ch private, three suburban public, and three suburban se The total attendance at the thirty-five lectures was 6,584. this number, 5,858 were divided into 112 groups for supe study and work with the exhibits and question sheets. RADIO FOLLOW-UP PROGRAMS--RAYMOND FOUNDATION — The staff of the Raymond Foundation again co-operated 4 the Chicago Public School Broadcasting Council by presenti g series of programs which followed radio broadcasts given by Council. These programs were based upon Museum exhibits v correlated with the subjects of the broadcasts. Meetings in the Lecture Hall where slides were used and actual i available for the students to handle. Mimeographed infec sheets were distributed and questions were answered as it discussion progressed. The meetings were followed by tours i exhibition halls. The subjects were as follows: Conservation; Plant Pirates; Summer Science Hobbies; Trees and Their Pra Trees Prepare for Winter. RAYMOND FOUNDATION 253 Four of the six programs were repeated, making a total of ten programs with an attendance of 849. The program on “Trees and Their Products’’ was repeated by request at the Fourth Annual Broadcast Conference held at the Congress Hotel early in December for the benefit of the 1,200 visiting delegates. This demonstration was made as similar as possible to the original program in Field Museum. EXTENSION LECTURES—RAYMOND FOUNDATION Groups in educational institutions were offered extension lectures as in the past. These lectures, illustrated with slides, were given in classrooms, laboratories, and assemblies. At the conclusion of lectures, if time permitted, an open discussion followed in which teachers and students were invited to ask questions and participate in the discussion led by the Field Museum speaker. The following subjects were offered to high school groups: The Dynamic Earth and Its Meaning to Man; The Story of Rocks and Minerals That Are of Economic Importance; Plants and Animals of Prehistoric Ages; Prehistoric Man; The Natural Fauna of the Chicago Area (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, insects); Mammals of the Chicago Area; Birds of the Chicago Area; North American Mammals; Amphibians and Reptiles; Insects; The Natural Flora of the Chicago Area (algae, fungi, flowering plants, trees); Wild Flowers of Swamp, Sand-Dune, and Prairie in Chicago; Trees of the Chicago Area; What Will the Great Out-of-Doors Be Like 100 Years from Now? (Conservation); The Adventures of a Great Museum of | Natural Science; Ancient Egyptian Customs; North American Indians. The following subjects were offered to elementary school groups: FoR GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY GROUPS North American Indians; Indians of the Woodlands and Plains; The Navajo and Pueblo Indians; Migisi, the Indian Lad; Mexico, Land of the Feathered Serpent; Caribbean Lands; South America; The Egyptians; China and Her People; Prehistoric Peoples; Clothing from Cave Man to Civilization. FOR SCIENCE GROUPS Trees of the Chicago Region; Flowers of the Chicago Region; Our Outdoor Friends; Nature in City Yards and Parks; The Changing Earth; The Work of Wind and Water; Geography of the Chicago Region; Plants and Animals of Long Ago; A Rock May Be a Treasure Chest; Insects: Friends and Enemies; Animals of the World at Home; Birds of the Chicago Region; Mammals of the Chicago Region; What Will the Great Out-of-Doors Be Like 100 Years from Now? (Conservation); The Adventures of a Great Museum. The Raymond Foundation staff gave a total of 405 extension lectures, and the aggregate attendance was 139,286. This service was divided as follows: Number of groups Attendance Chicago elementary school groups.......... 352 120,369 (hicago high school groups...............- 39 16,970 (2, BUELL (Gc) EG ea ee 5 787 Benerorganizations....%. sl... sss. anne ess 9 1,160 254 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HisTorY—REPORTS, VOL. 12 RECREATION LEADERS’ TRAINING COURSE—-RAYMOND FOUNDATI During the months of April, May, and June, Field Museum ¢ ticipated in the Leaders’ Training School of the Work F Administration. A course, “Recreation through Nature,” given the Museum, consisted of ten sessions during which ways of te ing nature through recreation were discussed and demonstrat Museum exhibits and slides were used in these demonstrations. total attendance at the ten meetings was 508. In the Sixth Annual Recreation Conference sponsored by t Chicago Recreation Commission, a member of the Raymond Fou dation staff, Mrs. Leota G. Thomas, was invited to participate “Information Please.’’ This quiz program, with a board of experts answer the questions, was modeled on a well-known radio feature duced under the same title. TEACHERS’ TRAINING COURSE—-RAYMOND FOUNDATION As in 1939, the science supervisors and science consultants of tl Chicago Public Schools co-operated with Field Museum in pre ing a series of talks and tours for teachers conducting science cow in grades from the third to the eighth inclusive. These teachers particularly interested in knowing what the Museum had to of them and their students in supplementary material, and how — make use of it. The following five programs were offered: March 2—GradeV.......... Bird Study. March 9—GradeIII......... Trees. ' Plant Families March 16—Grade VI....... 1 Ani of Our Noses ll March 23—Grades VII, VIII. Spring Flowers and Bird Migration. March 30—GradeIV....... / Spring Wild Flowers. Talks and discussion in the lecture hall were followed by tou and demonstrations in the exhibition halls. As a result, many these teachers returned to the Museum with their students to s the materials at the times when they were being discussed in classrooms. The total number of teachers attending the five ses was 339. TELEVISION PROGRAMS—-RAYMOND FOUNDATION During the months of January, February, and March, Fie Museum again participated in a series of experimental progra over the Zenith Radio Corporation’s television station, W9XZ Members of the Raymond Foundation staff planned the prograi and experimented with various methods of presenting educati RAYMOND FOUNDATION 255 material by television. Guest speakers from other departments of Field Museum were invited to participate. The following programs were presented: January 12—Introduction. What a Museum Is and Its Purpose—Miss Miriam Wood. Introduction to Geology Series—Mrs. Leota G. Thomas. January 19—The First Two Billion Years Are the Hardest—Assistant Curator Bryant Mather. January 26—Rocks and Minerals—Curator Sharat K. Roy. February 2—Hunting the Dinosaur—Curator Elmer S. Riggs. February 9—Paleontology—What and Why—Assistant Curator Bryan Patter- son and Assistant Paul O. McGrew. February 16—Turtles—Large and Small—Curator Kar] P. Schmidt. February 23—Making the Dead Appear to Live—Staff Taxidermist John W. Moyer. March 1—The Story of Man—Curator Henry Field. March S8—Melanesian Life—Assistant Curator Alexander Spoehr. People of Africa—Curator Wilfrid D. Hambly. March 15—Pueblo Religion—Assistant Curator Alexander Spoehr. March 22—Spring Wild Flowers—Miss Sophia Prior. Miss Marie B. Pabst. March 29—Skeletons—Assistant Curator Dwight Davis. Conclusion—Director Clifford C. Gregg. ACCESSIONS—-RAYMOND FOUNDATION For use in the Theatre and Lecture Hall, and in extension lectures, the Raymond Foundation acquired 629 stereopticon slides made by the Division of Photography, and 16 prints. The Museum Illustrator and assistants colored 1,693 slides. The use of 2x2 inch natural color slides was started with a collec- tion of 134. A special projector was purchased for use with these, and a slide viewer was also obtained. Forty-five records of fifteen ‘‘How Do You Know?” Field Museum radio broadcasts were received from the National Broadcasting Company. Five phonograph record albums and a phonograph were purchased. LECTURE TOURS AND MEETINGS FOR ADULTS—-RAYMOND FOUNDATION To clubs, colleges, church groups, other organizations, and Museum visitors in general, guide-lecture service was made available without charge. Regular public tours were given on weekdays (except Saturdays) at 2 p.M. During July and August additional morning tours were given at 11 A.M. Monthly schedules of the tours offered were printed and distributed at the entrances of the Museum, and standards announcing each day’s tour were placed at the north and south entrances of the Museum. Inaugurated also was a policy 256 FreLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL History-——Reports, VoL. 12 of offering special lecture tours for adults at the time of oper outstanding new exhibits such as the Hall of Babylonian Are} ology, and the ““World’s Food Plant’’ murals. Tours for the pub included 144 of a general nature and 139 on specific subjects. — the 283 groups which participated the gross attendance amoun to 5,377 persons. There were also special tours for sixty-nine colleges with persons attending, eleven clubs with attendance of 254, and fif nine other organizations with attendance of 1,733. Thus a total 422 tours for adults were given with a total attendance of 9,543. The James Simpson Theatre was made available to the Be Education for the commencement exercises held on June 13 for 1,1 foreign-born adults. The Raymond Foundation assisted in handli this program. SUMMARY OF ATTENDANCE AT ENTERTAINMENTS, LECTURES, ETC. RAYMOND FOUNDATION In all, the various activities of the Raymond Foundation provic¢ services for a grand total of 2,163 groups with an aggregate atte ance of 243,256 persons. The effort to bring the greatest possible number of people to Museum, and reduce the number reached extra-murally resulted an increase of 157 groups and 21,882 persons served at the Muset and a decrease of 99 in the number of extension lectures and 47 in the number of persons reached outside. LECTURES FOR ADULTS During the spring and autumn months the Museum's seve third and seventy-fourth courses of free lectures for adults were pt sented in the James Simpson Theatre on Saturday afternoons. Th were illustrated, as in past years, with motion pictures and s opticon slides. Following are the programs of both series. SEVENTY-THIRD Free Lecture CouRsE March 2—Springtime in the Rockies. Alfred M. Bailey. March 9—Social Insects. Dr. Alfred Emerson. March 16—Penthouse of the Gods. Theos Bernard. March 23—Threshold of a New World. Vincent Palmer. March 30—Our Attic Stairs—Southeastern Alaska. Karl Robinson. LAYMAN LECTURES 257 April 6—Snow Peaks and Flower Meadows in the Canadian Rockies. Dan McCowan. April 18—Africa Smiles. Herbert S. Ullmann. April 20—Birds of America. Dr. Arthur A. Allen. April 27—Return to Malaya. Carveth Wells. SEVENTY-FOURTH FREE LECTURE COURSE October 5—With the Snow Cruiser in Antarctica. Dr. Thomas C. Poulter. October 12—Pacifiec Northwest. Karl Robinson. October 19—At Home in the Union of South Africa. Dr. Michail Dorizas. October 26—Undersea Life of the Caribbean. René Dussaq. November 2—Birds That Haunt the Waterways. Dr. Olin Sewall Pettingill, Jr. November 9—The Hawaiian Islands. Hal Corey. November 16—Old Ghost Falls. Harold D. Fish. November 23—Springtime in the South. Dr. John B. May. November 30—If Marco Polo Had a Camera. Harrison Forman. At these eighteen lectures the total attendance was 20,197 per- sons, of whom 9,908 attended the spring series and 10,289 the fall series. Included in the aggregate attendance were 2,313 Members of the Museum. LAYMAN LECTURES During 1940 the Sunday afternoon lectures presented by Mr. Paul G. Dallwig, The Layman Lecturer, attained the highest point of attendance since their inauguration in October, 1937. Thirty regular lectures were given, with an aggregate of 2,784 per- sons attending, or an average of 93 to each party. In addition, one special lecture was given for a group of 67 out-of-town visitors. Because of necessary restrictions on the size of the groups, to make it practicable to conduct them through the halls containing exhibits illustrating Mr. Dallwig’s lectures, the number actually attending was far below the number applying for reservations. In most instances reservations had to be made several weeks in advance. Even though the permitted size of the parties was somewhat increased over previous years, it was impossible to meet more than a portion of the requests for reservations. 258 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL History-—Reports, Vou. 12 Mr. Dallwig continued this work on the same basis as in pre years—without compensation from either the Museum or his ences, but purely from his interest in disseminating scientific in mation in a popular and dramatized form. His interpreta of science from the layman's point of view have a quality | tinguishing them from other methods of approach employed . Museum. They have won him a large following among int lig groups of laymen, and also wide acclaim in the press, including only the daily newspapers but important national magazines. Mr. Dallwig’s subjects, during the seven months of 1940 in his lectures were presented, follow: ) January (four Sundays)—The Romance of Diamonds from Mine to Man. February (four Sundays)—Prehistoric Monsters in Nature's “March of Tin March (five Sundays)—Digging Up the Cave Man's Past. April (four Sundays)—The Romance of Diamonds from Mine to Man. May (four Sundays)—The Parade of the Races. November (four Sundays)—The Parade of the Races. December (five Sundays)— Mysterious ‘“‘Night-Riders” of the Sky. SUMMARY OF ATTENDANCE AT LECTURES, In all, the Museum rendered instruction or similar during 1940 to a total of 2,212 groups aggregating 266,304 individu These figures include all those reached in 2,163 groups compri 243,256 children and other persons who participated in the var activities under the auspices of the James Nelson and Anna Lo Raymond Foundation, plus the 20,197 who attended the § lectures for adults in the James Simpson Theatre, and the 2 , who participated in the Sunday afternoon lectures presented b; r Layman Lecturer. LIBRARY During 1940 the Library continued to make progress expanding its collections and increasing its services to scienti the public in general. Approximately 120,000 books and p divided among the General Library and the four department make up the collection. The Library depends for its growth to a large extent ¢ exchanges of publications with other institutions, and in 19 in previous years, many important additions have been made th this medium. However, because of war in Europe and A changes from foreign countries have been curtailed, and inf instances suspended entirely, to the great detriment of this LIBRARY 259 other reference libraries. But in this country, at least, some new arrangements for valuable exchanges have been negotiated with mutual benefit to Field Museum and the co-operating institutions. Some 2,800 books were accessioned, and for these, as well as 2,172 pamphlets received, there have been written 23,966 cards. These include cards which have been distributed in the files of the General Library and also in the departmental libraries. It has been noted with gratification that more and more students each year are using the resources of Field Museum’s Library for assistance in their studies. In 1940 more than twice as many availed themselves of the opportunities presented as in 1939. Some of the Library’s visitors have come from as far as the east and west coasts of the country, to consult books not available in other libraries. The Union List of Serials, an almost indispensable reference aid, is in process of revision, and all libraries participating (of which this is one) have been assisting in the task by work on their individual lists. This has taken a good deal of the Library staff’s time, but it is one of the “musts” for successful reference work. Publication of the new Union List is anticipated some time in 1941. _ The disposition of duplicate material in an advantageous manner is always an important problem for libraries, and requires much ‘attention. The Museum Library during the past year considerably reduced such material in its collections, both by sales and by ex- changes. Much satisfaction is derived from this accomplishment because the material has thus been placed where it can be of use in completing files in other libraries. For a long time it has been desired that the reading room should oe located where it would be more convenient to visitors arriving gn the passenger elevator. Such relocation is now being accom- dlished by reconstructing and refurnishing the stack room as a *eading room, and moving the book stacks into the present reading ‘oom, a task which will be completed early in 1941. The new reading ‘oom, in addition to being more conveniently arranged, will be yrovided with an entirely new system of fluorescent lighting much nore effective and agreeable for readers. The fluorescent lights are deing installed in both the reading room and in the stacks. Revision wf the arrangement of the Library rooms has provided opportunity 0 replace the wooden stacks with modern steel ones (grained and ‘tained like mahogany), and to improve working conditions in a nanner which will increase efficiency of all operations. 260 Fre.p Museum oF NATURAL History—Reports, VOL. 12 It has been the aim of the Library each year to fill out a few its incomplete files of periodicals, and in 1940 it had the good fort to obtain some desiderata of long standing. The Zoologist, complet by the purchase of seventy-four volumes, is perhaps the outstand example. The much needed Special Papers of the Geological Soe of America were also purchased. A subscription was entered Cultureel Indié, beginning with the first volume. Subscriptions we taken also for the National Horticultural Magazine, the Bulletin | the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, the Journal Geomorphology, and the Botanical Review. Among interesting pt chases of books were: Kern Institute, Annual Bibliography of Ina Archaeology; Reeve, Conchologia Iconica (20 vols.); Institut Franga Damas, Mémoires (4 vols.), and Documents d'Etudes Ori (7 vols.); Encyclopaedia of Islam; a reprint of Andreas Vesal Icones Anatomicae; the completing volume of Witherby’s Handbo of British Birds; Fontana, Sur le Vénin de la Vipére; Cuvier, Rég Animal, Les Vipéres (2 vols.); Le May, Buddhist Art in Sie Cordillera Expedition (1901-1902), and also the popular accow of the last. Mr. Stanley Field, President of the Museum, again present the year’s issues of the weekly Illustrated London News, a periodic of value for its scientific articles and pictures, especially in the f of archaeology. The Director presented numerous publicatic including the files of various periodicals. From time to time throu most of the year Dr. Albert B. Lewis, Curator of Melanesian Ethne ogy, presented books of travel, and after his death in October t Museum purchased a collection of works from his library, m of which concerned countries he had visited on the Joseph N. Fie South Pacific Expedition (1909-13). Dr. Henry Field, Curator Physical Anthropology, regularly contributed several current perio icals as well as many books that were of interest to members of t staff. Dr. Field also presented a fine collection of books, mar of them rare and beautifully bound volumes of the seventeenth eighteenth centuries. These include books of travel, science, histe and some of the classics. Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood, Chief Curat of Zoology, presented a copy of Mis Viajes a la Tierra del by Alberto M. de Agostini. This book has a wealth of excellet illustrations, and is a comprehensive account of what is kno’ of the Chilean and Argentinian island at the extreme southern t of South America. Mr. Emil Liljeblad, former Assistant Curator of Insects, present 175 books and pamphlets on Coleoptera. Many of these were LIBRARY 261 early date, and they form a notable addition to the entomological division. Mr. Bert E. Grove, of the Raymond Foundation staff, gave eleven scrapbooks containing historical records of Chicago’s Century of Progress Exposition (1983-34). He also gave several scientific books of the early nineteenth century. Dr. E. E. Sherff, Research Associate in Systematic Botany, as in previous years generously contributed many botanical monographs as well as parts of botanical periodicals. Among these were a copy of Dr. Sherff’s Labordia printed on special paper, a copy of DeCandolle’s Origine des Plantes Cultivées (fourth edition), and works on the flora of different parts of the world. Mr. Karl P. Schmidt, Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles, presented many maps secured on expeditions to South America. He also contributed current periodicals, and various books on Reptilia. Mr. Henry W. Nichols, Chief Curator of Geology, presented files of periodicals, including many complete sets, which are difficult to obtain. The Chemical Abstracts of the American Chemical Society are among those especially well represented—the first two volumes are exceedingly rare, and this set contains Volume 2. Mr. Paul C. Standley, Curator of the Herbarium, and Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, Assistant Curator of the Herbarium, also presented desirable books. Among Dr. Steyermark’s gifts were copies of two new books of his own authorship, Spring Flora of Missouri, and An Annotated List of the Flowering Plants of Missourt. The Carnegie Institution of Washington continued to send its valuable publications which are of much use for reference in connec- tion with work conducted here. Several years ago Mr. Kojiro Abe, of Mikage-Hyogoken, Japan, presented the Library with Volume 1 of Soraikwan-kinsho, a much appreciated work, and in 1940 he gave Volume 2. The publishers of the Naturaliste Canadien sent many of the numbers of this useful periodical. Other friends of the Museum have given many valuable works which add greatly to the usefulness of the Library. The Museum gratefully acknowledges all these. The Library is indebted to various learned institutions for the Joan of publications needed for special consultation. Among these are the John Crerar Library, Chicago; the Libraries of the University of Chicago; the Library of Congress; the United States Department of Agriculture; Harvard University (Libraries of the Peabody Museum, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and of the Gray Herbarium); the Missouri Botanical Garden; Rochester Uni- versity Library, and Columbia University Library. The Museum 262 FieLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL History—ReEports, VOL. 12 has in turn been glad to help research workers from all parts of country by the loan of material not found in other libraries. The Library adopted a new bookplate for use in the volumes its shelves. The design, showing the Museum building, the “lar of knowledge,” and sketches symbolizing the four scientific dep ments of the institution, is the work of Staff Illustrator Carl Gronemann. PUBLICATIONS AND PRINTING As is customary each year, the publications of Field Muse were generously distributed during 1940. The Museum sent institutions and individual scientists on its domestic exchange I and to about half of its foreign exchanges, 11,782 copies of scienti publications, 1,142 leaflets, 984 miscellaneous publications pamphlets, and 500 copies of large maps relative to tribal distribut in the Near East. Shipment to the other portion of the fore exchanges—-various European, Asiatic, and African institutic museums, libraries, and scientists—was of necessity withheld becat of unsettled conditions abroad. However, the publications in the consignments have been prepared for transmittal and stored to a more favorable shipping conditions. To Members of the Museum 3,759 copies of the Annual Report | the Director for 1939, and 602 copies of leaflets were sent. Sales during the year totaled 1,923 scientific publications, 7,( leaflets, and 13,321 miscellaneous publications and pamphlets, s as Guides, Handbooks, and Memoirs. An increase of twenty-one was made in the number of names institutions and scientists on the Museum's exchange lists. Twenty-two large boxes and three cartons containing 4,458 ir vidually addressed envelope parcels, 354 wrapped packages of puk cations, and 135 tubes containing maps, were shipped to the Smit sonian Institution at Washington, D.C., for distribution to foreign countries to which it was possible to forward consignmer during 1940. Field Museum gratefully acknowledges the cord co-operation of the international exchange bureau in effect deliveries. The publications held for the present time, but destined f foreign distribution at the end of the war, total 6,899. These book together with 156 maps, have been packed in 2,229 addressed en lopes and 383 wrapped packages, and are stored in eighteen lar boxes. PUBLICATIONS AND PRINTING 263 For future sales and other distribution, 21,989 copies of various publications and leaflets, and 768 maps, were wrapped in packages, labeled, and stored in the stock room. One new leaflet was added to the Botany Series—The Story of Food Plants, by Dr. B. E. Dahlgren, Chief Curator of Botany, as illustrated in Field Museum by a series of murals painted by Julius Moessel. Reproductions of the murals appear in the leaflet, one of them from a photograph in natural colors by Mr. Clarence B. Mitchell, the Museum’s Research Associate in Photography. To the Anthropology Series of Leaflets was added Ancient Seals of the Near East, by Richard A. Martin, Curator of Near Eastern Archaeology. The leaflet contains collotype plates of certain exhibits in the new Hall of Babylonian Archaeology (Hall K). The sales of The Races of Mankind and Prehistoric Man totaled 1,410 copies, again exceeding the number of sales of any other two leaflets, as has been the case each year since these two booklets first were published in 1933. The total number of post card sales during 1940 was 83,050, of which 8,904 were grouped into 506 sets. The year’s production of the Division of Printing included twenty-five new numbers in the Museum’s regular publication series. These comprised 2,096 pages of type composition. Five of these were anthropological in subject matter, nine botanical, three geo- logical, seven zoological, and one was the Annual Report of the Director for 1939. The aggregate number of copies of these printed by Field Museum Press was 25,426. One botanical index consisting of 26 pages (827 copies) and one new number in the Museum Tech- nique Series consisting of 22 pages (927 copies) also were printed. Two new leaflets were issued, one on a botanical and one on an anthropological subject, and one botanical leaflet was reprinted. The number of pages in these three leaflets was 108 and the copies aggregated 6,460. A reprint of the nineteenth edition, and a revised edition (the twentieth) of the General Guide, consisting of 56 pages and ten illustrations each, were issued, followed by a reprint of the latter, the three printings totaling 11,000 copies. A reprint of the eighth edition and printing of the ninth edition of the Handbook of Field Museum, each containing 76 pages, totaled 3,590 copies. An anthropological Memoir consisting of 284 pages was issued. The total number of pages printed in all books was 2,856, and the total of copies issued was 48,051. 264 FreLp MUSEUM OF NATURAL History—REeEportTs, VOL. 12 Miscellaneous job work, the total of which exceeded that of an previous year, consumed a large part of the time in the Division. Of major importance was the printing of twelve issues of Field M News, which is eight pages per issue, with an average of 5,200 copi ; a month. Exhibition labels printed for all Departments of the Museum during the year reached a total of 5,473. Increased eff : ciency and improved quality in the printing of labels was obtair od by the purchase during the year of a new and modern type-castir machine. Other impressions, including Museum stationery, poste lecture schedules, post cards, etc., brought the total for the ye to 1,174,799. A detailed list of publications follows: PUBLICATION SERIES 463.—Botanical Series, Vol. 22, No. 1. Studies of American Plants—IX. Paul C. Standley. January 26, 1940. 62 pages. Edition 829. 464.— Zoological Series, Vol. 24, No. 11. A Tentative Classification of the Pale arctic Unionids. By Fritz Haas. January 30, 1940. 28 pages. Editic 867. 465.—Anthropological Series, Vol. XXV, No. 3. Craniometry of New Guir By Wilfrid D. Hambly. February 29, 1940. 210 pages, 44 plates, text-figures, 9 drawings, 1 map. Edition 629. 466.— Botanical Series, Vol. IX, No. 4. Flora of the Aguan Valley and the Coast Regions Near La Ceiba, Honduras. By T. G. Yuncker. March 22, 18 104 pages, 8 text-figures. Edition 838. 467.—Botanical Series, Vol. 21. Travels of Ruiz, Pavén, and Dombey in Pe and Chile (1777-1788). By Hipdélito Ruiz, with an epilogue and official documents added by Agustin Jess Barreiro. Translation by B. E. Dahlgren. March 28, 1940. 372 pages, 2 maps. Edition 815. 468.—Report Series, Vol. 12, No. 1. Annual Report of the Director for the Y: 1939. January, 1940. 174 pages, 12 plates. Edition 5,631. 469.—Anthropological Series, Vol. 30, Part I, No. 1. The Anthropology of Iraq. The Upper Euphrates. By Henry Field. May 31, 1940. pages, 1 text-figures, 48 plates, 1 map. Edition 662. 470.—-Zoological Series, Vol. 24, No. 12. Notes on Texan Snakes of the Genui Salvadora. By Karl P. Schmidt. May 31, 1940. 8 pages, 3 text-fi Edition 939. 471.—Zoological Series, Vol. 24, No. 13. A New Toad from Western China. E y Karl P. Schmidt and Ch’eng-Chao Liu. May 31, 1940. 4 pages, 1 tex! figure. Edition 967. ‘ 472.—Botanical Series, Vol. 22, No. 2. Studies of American Plants—X. By FP C. Standley. June 12, 1940. 68 pages. Edition 839. 473.—Geological Series, Vol. 8, No. 1. A New Turtle of the Genus Podocnem from the Cretaceous of Arkansas. By Karl P. Schmidt. June 29, 1940. 12 pages, 5 text-figures. Edition 976. 474.— Zoological Series, Vol. 24, No. 14. A New Venezuelan Honey Creeper. Emmet R. Blake. June 29, 1940. 4 pages. Edition 825. 475.—Zoological Series, Vol. 24, No. 15. A New Savannah Sparrow from Mexico. By Sidney Camras. June 29, 1940. 2 pages. Edition 860. 476.—Anthropological Series, Vol. 32, No. 1. The Su Site. Excavations at 3 Mogollon Village, Western New Mexico, 1939. By Paul 8. tin. June 29, 1940. 98 pages, 42 text-figures and 11 maps. Edition 732. PUBLICATIONS AND PRINTING 265 477.—Zoological Series, Vol. XXII, No. 5. Notes on the Anatomy of the Babirusa. ee Dwight Davis. August 6, 1940. 52 pages, 24 text-figures. Edition 95: 478.— Botanical Series, Vol. 22, No. 3. Studies of American Plants—XI. By Paul C. Standley. September 10, 1940. 88 pages. Edition 841. 479.— Anthropological Series, Vol. 27, No.2. Notes on Skidi Pawnee Society. By George A. Dorsey and James R. Murie. Prepared for publication by Alexander Spoehr. September 18, 1940. 54 pages, 1 text-figure. Edition 639. 480.—Botanical Series, Vol. 22, No. 4. Studies of Central American Plants—I. By Paul C. Standley and Julian A. Steyermark. September 30, 1940. 104 pages, 2 text-figures. Edition 816. 481.—Zoological Series, Vol. XXII, No. 6. Studies of the Anatomy of the Extra- hepatic Biliary Tract in Mammalia. By Stewart Craig Thomson. October 31, 1940. 18 pages. Edition 902. 482.—Botanical Series, Vol. 22, No. 5. Studies of Central American Plants—II. By Paul C. Standley and Julian A. Steyermark. October 31, 1940. 74 pages, 1 plate. Edition 842. 483.— Botanical Series, Vol. 22, No. 6. A New Genus of Compositae from North- western Alabama. By Earl Edward Sherff. December 24, 1940. 8 pages. Edition 897. 485.—Botanical Series, Vol. IX, No. 5. Studies of the Vegetation of Missouri —I. Natural Plant Associations and Succession in the Ozarks of Missouri. By Julian A. Steyermark. December 31, 1940. 180 pages, 45 text- figures. Edition 825. 486.— Geological Series, Vol. 8, No.2. An Adianthine Litoptern from the Deseado Formation of Patagonia. Results of the Marshall Field Paleontological Expeditions to Argentina and Bolivia, 1922-27. By Bryan Patterson. December 31, 1940. 8 pages, 2 text-figures. Edition 875. 487.— Geological Series, Vol. 8, No. 3. The Status of Progaleopithecus Ameghino. ay Bryan Patterson. December 31, 1940. 6 pages, 2 text-figures. Edition 875. Botanical Series, Vol. XVII. Index. April 2, 1940. 26 pages. Edition 827. MEMOIR SERIES Anthropology Memoir, Vol. 5. Anasazi Painted Pottery in Field Museum of Natural History. By Paul S. Martin and Elizabeth S. Willis. Decem- ber 31, 1940. 284 pages, 125 plates, 1 map. Edition 648. MUSEUM TECHNIQUE SERIES No.”6.—Rubber Molds and Plaster Casts in the Paleontological Laboratory. By James H. Quinn. April 27, 1940. 22 pages, 7 text-figures. Edition 927. LEAFLET SERIES Botany, No. 16. Fifty Common Plant Galls of the Chicago Area. By Carl F.Gronemann. 30 pages, 1 colored plate, 51 zinc etchings. (Reprint.) March 13, 1940. Edition 1,070. Botany, No. 25. The Story of Food Plants. By B. E. Dahlgren. 32 pages, including 15 text-figures, 1 colored plate, 2 maps. September, 1940. Edition 3,855. Anthropology, No. 34. Ancient Seals of the Near East. By Richard A. Martin. 46 pages, including text and text-figures with legends. June, 1940. Edition 1,535. HANDBOOK SERIES Handbook. Information concerning the Museum—its history, building, exhibits, expeditions, endowments, and activities. Eighth edition. (Reprint.) February, 1940. 76 pages, 8 plates, 1 cover design. Edition 509. 266 FreLp MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIsTorY—REPorRTs, VOL. 12 Handbook. Information concerning the Museum—its history, buile exhibits, expeditions, endowments, and activities. Ninth edition. " 1940. 76 pages, 8 plates, | cover design. Edition 3,081. GUIDE SERIES General Guide to Exhibits in Field Museum of Natural History. Nin edition. 1938-39. (Reprint.) 56 pages, 9 text-figures, 1 cover d Edition 1,500. General Guide to Exhibits in Field Museum of Natural Fagg Pe " edition. 1940. 56 pages, 9 text-figures, 1 cover design ion 7 General Guide to Exhibits in Field Museum of Natural History. Tweaks edition. (Reprint.) 56 pages, 9 text-figures, 1 cover design. Ed 2,500. PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION The production of the Division of Photography during 194 totaled 21,738 items, which includes negatives, prints, bromic enlargements, lantern slides, transparencies, etc. A very sm percentage of these were prints, enlargements, and slides for s on orders received from the public, from publishers, and from otk institutions, but well over 97 per cent were to fulfill requirement of the various departments and divisions of the Museum. Of the total production, the Museum staff photographer ar his assistant were responsible for 10,760 items. Workers assigne by the federal Work Projects Administration were responsible fe the remainder, consisting chiefly of the making of prints of a routir character. These were largely prints of type specimens of plant for the Herbarium from negatives secured in Europe through th recently concluded ten-year project of the Department of Botar Photographic work requiring special skill and attention was dor by the Museum's own staff men. | The photographic files of the Museum now contain nearly 90,000 negatives, and the task of classifying, indexing, and numbering negatives and prints has become a major one, and a very urgently necessary one in order that a systematic order and full usefulness of this material may be maintained. This work, as for several years past, has been continued by clerical helpers furnished by the WPA, and during 1940 it involved approximately 80,000 items handled or operations performed. | A total of 720,378 prints was produced by the Museum Collo- typer during 1940. These included illustrations for publications and leaflets, covers for books and pamphlets, picture post ¢: headings for lecture posters, and miscellaneous items. The Museum Illustrator and his assistant performed a gre amount of miscellaneous work, including the drawing of 74 illust MAINTENANCE AND CONSTRUCTION 267 tions for publications, slides, labels, transparencies, etc.; the drawing, lettering, and coloring of 57 maps; the coloring of 279 stereopticon slides; the retouching of 134 photographs; the blocking of 127 photographic negatives, and such items as rough sketches for a book of colored photographs, cutting stencils, etching negatives, lettering, tinting photographs, tooling cuts, etc. MAINTENANCE AND CONSTRUCTION Comment has been made, in the Introduction to this Report, upon some of the most outstanding tasks undertaken during the year towards proper maintenance of the Museum building. Following is a summary of other principal accomplishments: Seventeen window sashes and frames on the fourth floor were replaced. The entire third and fourth floor roofs, and the greater portion of the first floor covered skylights, were re-coated with fibered asphalt roofing. Worn linoleum in the Cafeteria and the passenger elevator was replaced. The Cafeteria floor and the rubber tile floor in Chauncey Keep Memorial Hall (Hall 3) were cleaned and rewaxed. Walls were repaired and redecorated, general cleaning, painting, and repairs carried out, and new equipment was supplied in the office of the secretary to the President, the offices of the Director and his secretary, the Raymond Foundation office, the Lecture Hall, and various other parts of the building. The sashes and frames of the boiler room windows were repaired and painted, and the roof of this room was caulked. An area adjacent to Hall J was reconditioned for use as a children’s cloak room. Cases and screens were prepared for various special exhibits. The Museum’s large information signs outside the building were repaired, cleaned, and reset. The flagpoles in front of the north terrace of the Museum were thoroughly reconditioned; the cast bronze balls surmounting them, 19 inches in diameter, and weighing 195 pounds apiece, were removed for the application of new gold leaf, after which they were reinstalled. The west pole, which had developed a slight lean, was straightened and reset; checking of the timber in both poles was “pointed up’’; and both were repainted and equipped with new sheave bushings and halyards. In the heating plant all four boilers were thoroughly cleaned, and necessary repairs made. Sixteen new tubes were installed in one boiler to comply with the insurance inspector’s recommendations. The stoker control unit was overhauled. Dampers were gone over, 268 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistorYy—REPporTs, VOL. 12 and the breeching and ash vent pipes were cleaned. New sheets and angles were purchased to rebuild the lower portion the coal conveyor, and sixty feet of trough were replaced. new hoppers for the stokers were also built. A new ash pack elbe was installed in the ash conveyor. Under the contracts in fore for some years, a total of 13,125,368 pounds of steam was furnish to the John G. Shedd Aquarium, 9,751,581 pounds to Soldier and 11,526,884 pounds to the Chicago Park District Administratic Building. All motors were checked over and cleaned, and the steam pump and vacuum pumps were repacked. Repairs involving replacemen of parts were made where necessary. The passenger elevator was equipped with a new control bo car switch, and door closers; similar equipment, and counterweigt cables also, were installed on the freight elevator. The hydraul elevator at the shipping and receiving room entrance was and a new rack and pinion were installed in its operating valv Fourteen radiators on the third floor were replaced to increa the heating efficiency in offices and work rooms. Hot water lin were extended to the wash rooms of the curators and to the tax dermy shop, a total of 300 feet of pipe and the necessary fitting being used for this purpose. Much other new plumbing was installe as a result of changes in office arrangements, or the deterioratic of old equipment in lavatories, offices, and working quarters. cluded are four new drinking fountains on the first floor. Gas lin and air lines also were extended to new areas, and outlets ar equipment installed. Extensive changes made in the Plant Repre duction Laboratories necessitated the rerouting of twenty-five fe of steam main. The program, instituted in 1939, of improving illumination exhibition halls, offices, and workshops by application of techniqu employing the new types of tubular fluorescent lights, was continued during 1940 in various parts of the building. Altogether, 1,3 fluorescent lighting units were installed during the year. Of the 468 were used in the Hall of Egyptian Archaeology (Hall J), in Ernest R. Graham Hall (Hall 38), and 207 in George T. ar Frances Gaylord Smith Hall (Hall 24). This change made possib! the removal of the old ceiling fixtures and resulted in much improve ment in the appearance of the halls. Fluorescent lighting was provided also for the friezes and tl Kish gateway in the Hall of Babylonian Archaeology (Hall K ep oo MAINTENANCE AND CONSTRUCTION 269 the built-in case in Hall L (Asiatic Ethnology), the new fur seal case in Hall N, four new cases in Joseph N. Field Hall (Hall A—Mela- -nesian Ethnology), the water buffalo case in Carl E. Akeley Memorial ‘Hall (Hall 22), ten floor cases for Frederick J. V. Skiff Hall (Hall 37), and the alpine flora case in Martin A. and Carrie Ryerson Hall (Hall 29). ) The new reading room in preparation for the Library was com- ‘pletely rewired, and provided with floor outlets and base plugs. Fluorescent lights were installed in coves around the ceiling. Pro- _yision was also made for stack lighting. Nine fluorescent units were installed in Room 87 on the third floor, and six portable lamps were made for the Department of Zoology. The Division of Print- ‘ing was equipped with fluorescent lights, and a number of individual installations were made throughout the building. Frederick J. V. Skiff Hall (Hall 37) was completely rewired to provide outlets for individually lighted cases. A total of 600 feet of ) new raceway and 1,500 feet of wire were required for this purpose. | A new power feeder and distributing panel box were installed in the Division of Printing to care for the additional load required by a new typecasting machine purchased during the year. Various ‘repairs and improvements were made on presses and other machinery used in the Division. The mezzanine storage space on the fourth floor was wired for lights, 150 feet of conduit and thirty outlets being installed. Ten fixtures in the Lecture Hall were replaced with a more efficient type. New circuits were run into several work rooms to supply current required for new equipment. Twenty-eight drop cords _ were installed throughout the third floor. Work was begun on the necessary equipment for the “X-raying -amummy” exhibit planned for Hall J. One hundred and fifty feet Of drain pipe, 80 feet of water pipe, and 350 feet of conduit and feeder cables for electricity are required for this project. Included among special services performed for the Department of Anthropology were completion and installation of four cases in Joseph N. Field Hall (Hall A) for exhibits of tall carved ancestral figures and drums from Melanesia. A new exhibition case was con- structed for the Hall of Babylonian Archaeology (Hall K), and shields for light tubes were placed on case tops to illuminate the stucco orna- _Ments near the ceiling. Construction was begun on a new storage room on the third floor. Three hundred and fifteen steel storage 272 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIsToRY—REporTs, VOL. 12 Public Relations Counsel prepared, in all, 345 news releases. Th were distributed through the usual channels, and were published the several great metropolitan dailies of Chicago, and in many ot media. All releases with more than local interest were carried | the wire and mail services of such national and international ne agencies as the Associated Press, United Press, International Ne Service, Science Service, Wide-World Photos, etc. In many ¢ photographs accompanied news releases; in other cases, edite assigned their staff writers and photographers to follow up the ste submitted by the Museum and expand upon them. Occasions Museum story was even made the subject of an editorial. Attention was given in the Museum's publicity efforts not on to the metropolitan newspapers and nation-wide news agencies, t also to reaching the many groups who read several hundred ce munity papers published for the populations of distinct neighba hoods within the city, foreign language newspapers circulating ame Chicagoans of a wide variety of national origins, and the prineig papers published in medium-sized cities of Illinois and neighbori states, particularly those within the Chicago suburban area. Ne releases from the Museum covered all such subjects as expeditic research, new exhibits, lectures, children’s programs, and mi laneous activities of the institution. For their co-operation in kee ing the public informed regarding the Museum, special appreciati is due to the Chicago Daily News, Chicago Daily Times, Chica Tribune, Chicago Herald-American, Chicago Journal of Ce and Downtown Shopping News. Among local weekly periodic giving the Museum much desirable publicity were the Downtou Free Press, National Corporation Reporter, and This Week in Chicag The monthly bulletin, Field Museum News, published for t Members of the Museum, was continued in the enlarged for inaugurated in the preceding year, and every effort was made cc stantly to improve the quality of articles and illustrations. T issues, September and December, were graced by four-color illust tions of selected mural paintings from the series by Julius Moe (Mexican Market Scene, and Camel Caravan North of the P Gulf). This was made possible by use of some of the special proet plates generously presented by Mr. Clarence B. Mitchell, t Museum's Research Associate in Photography, who was responsi also for making the artistic color photographs. Such plates, provi by Mr. Mitchell, had made possible previous color work in the N. in 1938 and 1939. PUBLIC RELATIONS 273 _ The 1940 volume of the News constituted the eleventh since publication of the periodical was begun and, as in past years, copies were distributed to all Members promptly and regularly at the beginning of each month. This bulletin, in addition to keeping the membership informed about Museum activities, supplements the mimeographed news releases circulated by the Division of Public Relations, and many of the articles in it are reprinted or quoted in newspapers and magazines. It also serves as an exchange medium in the Museum’s relations with similar institutions all over the world. The arrangements with the General Electric X-ray Corporation whereby an Egyptian mummy was lent for display in that company’s fluoroscopic exhibit at the New York World’s Fair, were renewed for the second year of the fair. The exhibit was improved, and the Museum was featured more prominently by the addition of a lecture which was heard by millions of visitors to the fair from special records automatically transmitted by a sound machine synchronized with the operation of the X-ray apparatus. Following the close of the fair, the General Electric Company presented the fluoroscopic equipment to the Museum, and it will be installed with the mummy as a feature of the Egyptian Hall (Hall J) next year. It alternately shows the mummy’s exterior and the skeleton inside. Notable as a publicity project, as well as for its educational value, was the series of radio programs presented by the Museum under the title ““How Do You Know?”’ This series of weekly drama- tized broadcasts on scientific subjects, which ran from January 25 to June 13, was made possible by the co-operation of the National Broadcasting Company and the University Broadcasting Council. The series was presented from coast to coast over stations on the Blue Network of that company. Members of the Museum staff con- tributed the scientific data upon which the programs were based, and expert radio technique in presentation of the programs was furnished by the National Broadcasting Council, which provided a skilled script writer, Mr. William C. Hodapp, and actors and ac- tresses for the casts required in the various dramatizations. The programs were expertly produced under the supervision of Miss Judith Waller, Chicago Educational Director for the National Broadcasting Company. The Museum received further publicity through other broad- casts on various stations and networks, and through a series of tele- vision programs presented in co-operation with the Zenith Radio Corporation. Attention was directed to this institution likewise, as 274 FreLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistorY—REporRTs, VOL. 12 in past years, by placards advertising Museum lectures and exhibi These were displayed in cars and stations of various transportat companies, and in hotels, department stores, libraries, travel b office buildings, schools, and other public institutions. Throu these same organizations, many thousands of folders announcing t Sunday afternoon lectures presented by Mr. Paul G. Dallwig, t Layman Lecturer, and other folders containing information abe Museum exhibits, were distributed both to residents of Chie: and travelers visiting the city. Special appreciation for their co-c eration in advertising the Museum is due to the Chicago, Aurora a Elgin Railroad, the Chicago, North Shore and Milwaukee Railre the Chicago Rapid Transit Lines, the Chicago and North Wester Railway, the Illinois Central System, and the Chicago Surface Line Following its custom of many years, the Museum sent invitation and folders to the delegates attending several hundred conventic held in Chicago. The Museum was represented during the year by its Pub Relations Counsel at the meetings of the newly formed Chie Conference on Association Publicity. This is an organization whe purpose is to promote better press and radio relations for civi educational, public health and welfare, and other non-commere institutions. DIVISION OF MEMBERSHIPS It is most gratifying again to report an increase in the numb of Museum Members. During 1940 there were 411 new Membe enrolled, as against a loss of 362 Members incurred through transfer cancellations, and deaths. The total net number of membershi as of December 31, 1940, was 4,225. An expression of deep apprec tion and gratitude is due the many Members who have continue their loyal support of the institution, and also to the new Members who have become associated with the cultural activities of t Museum. The increasing burdens of taxation imposed on citizet today present an important difficulty, and make all the more laudat the contributions of those who continue their support of civie activities such as museums. The continuance and expansion the educational program of this institution is in large part dependent upon the support of Members. , | For their past support and interest, an expression of apprect | tion is due those Members who found it necessary to discontir their memberships, and an invitation is extended to them to avé MEMBERSHIP 25 themselves of the opportunities afforded by membership when- ever they may again find it convenient to enroll as Members of Field Museum. _ The following tabulation shows the number of names on the list in each of the membership classifications at the end of 1940: EP LACTOLSMMP REN rier ritchie creeks siovenoisys 1S) aiianesyei's 23 Panay WECMDCTS. | hans cole ewe eh eee es tees ie ESOT. 6 oc abd oo yO Sn OO Conor ee error irae Pah (orresponaing Members...... 2.02.2. .ece eee ne et ee 7 AGO TERIDUICOLS Meee ris soca ia Ge icarcshar ier reusir aoe Gs ams 124 Srpporate MeMbePrs 0.0. eco. ce ect ee eee eee ee 48 Livi WileyralnyerrS aes aie tes Slee cea ee beg oe aero © crosmie eo mardi 250 NonakResident lite Membershan..c- scaee eres ee a. e 13 JNseayerayea) MIGNON ds sacog peo csuoobooo bank ooo naeo wa 2,398 Non-Resident Associate Members............-.--..++-- 8 ) Sieierinimnos NICMDCTS <=. cclgc eke as) ies versie soe. lS = 10 | PATITAleNeMDeCLSz Naar suis so eee ink aie Oo euste donenaie he 1,305 j otal Wvomberships: .o. coi. 6 ae ee Acs eho ee mies 4,225 The names of all persons listed as Members during 1940 will be found on the pages at the end of this Report. In the pages which follow are submitted the Museum’s financial statements, lists of accessions, ef cetera. . CLIFFORD C. GREGG, Direcior 276 Fretp Museum or Natura. History—Reports, VoL. 12 COMPARATIVE ATTENDANCE STATISTICS AND DOOR RECEIPTS FOR YEARS 1939 AND 1940 1-0 Total attendance.............. ccc ceeecees 1,450,685 1,41 Oss SUCOROSROR ia cdceuswwann tees ekers 80,888 Free admissions on pay days Rs Td os fon 6s dee bu ae aeenna 76,722 7 COC CHIU sng ko so wa ckbe canebce oan 85,249 TE |. co vades onewts sashes cate 3,181 Er eee Fee ee 1,039 Admissions on free days: TR TEA sb obinik condos oeeeancseke 252,867 52 oe) eee eee eee 376,768 52 GE MO dan ce ci nncucceeees nearness 573,971 52 Highest attendance on any day (June 4)..... 51,247 (June 2 Lowest attendance on any day (March 13)... 121 (January 30 Highest paid attendance (September 2)... ... 3,291 (September 4 Average or § admissions y 64 days) ........ 3,963 oe Average pa il stieieioes (210 days)......... 385 207 days Number of guides sold..................05. 10,002 Number of articles checked. ................ 23,616 Number of picture post cards sold........... 83,050 Sales of De wang leaflets, handbooks, portfolios, and photographs ............ $5,504.33 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS COMPARATIVE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR YEARS 1939 AND 1940 INCOME 1940 Endowment Funds............ $203,608.49 Funds held under annuity agree- iTS NES of Shao Se 27,807.92 Life Membership Fund........ 11,530.05 Associate Membership Fund... 12,927.91 Chicago Parke District... 2... 58,130.33 Annual and Sustaining Member- | JOOS) 16 oc 12,085.00 TESTO, 6 Se Bene eee 20,222.00 memnany receipts............... 17,835.43 Contributions, general purposes. 1,015.00 Contributions, special purposes (expended per contra)...... 28,061.45 Special Funds—part expended | this year for purposes designated (included per CORD). Bea oe a 11,822.93 EXPENDITURES RETA eo fos wae Svs wai 26,490.19 Operating expenses capitalized and added to collections... 41,701.84 MeeIGIONS.................. 9,983.95 Furniture, fixtures, etc......... 69,666.12 Wages capitalized and added to ) SOR Se Ae 7,645.21 Pensions and Group Insurance.. 438,078.64 Pensions—past service liability. ........ Departmental expenses........ 40,994.29 General operating expenses..... 319,212.39 Building repairs and alterations 66,328.76 Annuities on contingent gifts... 29,870.60 Meeeeebankloans............ ...-:..- Reserve for repairs and deprecia- 2. re 35,000.00 ; Deficit. . Contribution by Mr. Marshall Field........ Net Deficit. . $405,046.51 $689,971.99 $284,925.48 283,895.94 1,029.54 1939 $198,455.79 25,728.52 10,659.18 11,697.08 86,093.85 11,555.00 20,879.50 20,012.66 298.65 55,399.14 14,457.31 38,256.62 43,749.41 14,549.75 18,247.70 8,766.55 49,281.28 220,096.71 42,019.41 318,676.76 37,311.66 29,506.39 26,600.00 25,000.00 $455,236.68 $872,062.24 $416,825.56 415,138.78 1,686.78 THE N. W. HARRIS PUBLIC SCHOOL EXTENSION 1940 Income from Endowment...... $20,376.62 Operating Expenses........... 17,205.21 Balance $ 3,171.41 1939 $18,158.00 16,509.32 $ 1,648.68 278 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY LIST OF ACCESSIONS DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY BUNNELL, Dwicat W., Puyallup Washington: skull from a “burial und" —Parksville, Vancouver Island, ritish Columbia (gift). Cenozotc ReseARCH LABORATORY, Peking, China: colored cast of Sinan- throp us emg in two pieces— Peking, hina (gift). CURACAO COMMISSION OF 1893 Wor.Lp’s Fatr: 1 bracelet made of Ger- man coins, 1 solid silver bracelet, 1 charm “gold heart,” 1 fob chain made of German coins (gift). EASTMAN, SIDNEY C., ESTATE OF, Chicago: 1 beaded pipe bag (Sioux), 1 pipe bag, 1 large pitch-covered basket (Great Basin Tribes) (gift). Fietp, Dr. Henry, Chi : 50 — specimens (16 sherds)—Trans- rdan; 24 ethnological specimens— northern Iraq; 60 artifacts and animal bones—Spy, Belgium (gift). Frevp, STANLEY, Chicago: 17 photo- graphs ‘of Ward African bronzes— Kirica (gift). FisH, MRS. FREDERICK S., New York: 2 stone lions, ei hteenth’ century— Peking, China (gift). GENERAL ELECTRIC X-RAY CORPORA- TION, Chicago: Complete X-ray equip- ment, fluoroscopic screen and ——— for an exhibit in which an tian mummy will be publicly Lael” GILa PvEBLO, Globe, Arizona: 8 stone artifacts, Cochise types; 72 stone, bone and pottery artifacts from Hohokam culture, all periods; some pottery in sherd form—Snaketown, Arizona (ex- change); 20 stone artifacte—hand- stones, blades, scra , handaxes, ives—near e Cochise, Arizona (exchange). DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY— ACKERMANN, EVAN, Chicago: 1 plant specimen (gift). Apcock, Captain Tuomas A., Col- lege Station, Texas: 3 wood specimens (exchange). AcuILar G., José IGNacto, Guate- mala City, Guatemala: 123 specimens of Guatemalan plants (gift). ALLEN, Davin, Chicago: 1 plant specimen (gift). ‘Reports, Vou. 12 pay? AND pa Cc oe ; d 2 Ch'in Ming or ear ang Poon i Ch'ing lace 7 ceramic pi Belin So (gift). LAPHAM, Dr. ANNA Ross, Chic 1 wooden comb, 1 wooden ladle stirrer—Djukas, Dutch Guiana . re a ErHet-J aa | ridge, Englan oe ; leatine: gloves--Manahaennn MacA.uister, T. H., a metates without —Chaco Canyon, New pode: MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND 6 po ee me beads, nell and unfin 8 Java, Nuthelawns ot change). UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, Co Dentistry, Chicago: 1 skull of white American ait). VALENTINE, Louis L., ESTATE Chicago: 220 ivories—China, Jap Europe, Alaska (gift). Weis, C. EDWARD New ve bronze ee China (f Wittett, Dr. R. C., Peoria, 1 itt a cast of a child's mandible from mound, and cast of an Aztec figu Fulton’ County, Illinois, and (gift). Witson, SAMUEL pealichte horde ou 7 ince, China, near T’ai-ky and Yu- hu (gift); 6 prec neolithic implements—central Shansi China, near T’ai-ky (exchange). ACCESSIONS ALLEN, Pavut H., Balboa, Zone: 31 specimens of Panama f (gift). APOLINAR-MaRIA, Rev. Bre Bogot4, Colombia: 171 specimens Colombian plants (gift). a ARNOLD ARBORETUM, Jamaica P Massachusetts: 3,513 plant spec (exchange). ACCESSIONS __AVELLAN, JOAQUIN, Los Caobos, Caracas, Venezuela: 9 boards of Vene- zuelan woods (gift). BADINI, PROFESSOR JOSE, Ouro Preto, _ Minas Geraes, Brazil: 87 specimens of | Brazilian plants (gift). BAILEY, DR. LIBERTY HYDE, Ithaca, 'New York: 3 plant specimens (gift). BATES, GLEN F., Fort Lauderdale, Florida: 3 fruits, 3 plant specimens | (gift). _ BAUER, BILL, Webster Groves, Mis- souri: 626 plant specimens (gift). BEAL, Dr. J. M., Chicago: 3 plant specimens (gift). BENKE, HERMANN C., Chicago: 191 specimens of plants from Illinois and Wisconsin, 83 cryptogamic specimens (gift). BEUTTAS, JOSEPH H., Chicago: 1 fungus specimen (gift). BoLp, Dr. HAROLD C., New York: _ 3 algal specimens (gift). _ BOTANICAL MUSEUM, HARVARD UNI- _VERSITY, Cambridge, Massachusetts: 10 specimens of Mexican plants (ex- change). BRACELIN, Mrs. H. P., Berkeley, California: 8 specimens of Mexican plants (gift). BRINKER, REV. ROBERT, St. Louis, Missouri: 1 algal specimen (gift). BRUNEL, DR. JULES, Montreal, Can- ada: 88 specimens of algae (gift). BUTCHER, DEVEREUX, New York: 1 photograph, 17 cryptogamic speci- mens (gift). CABRERA, PROFESSOR ANGEL L., La Plata, Argentina: 129 specimens of plants from Argentina (exchange). CALDERON, DR. SALVADOR, San Sal- vador, E] Salvador: 11 plant specimens (gift). CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, San Francisco, California: 100 speci- mens of American plants (exchange). CHANDLER, A. C., St. Louis, Missouri: 3 plant specimens (gift). CHANEY, Dr. RALPH W., Berkeley, California: 1 plant specimen (gift). CLAYTON, J. PAUL, JR., Winnetka, Illinois: 2 specimens of fungus (gift). CLokey, IRA W., South Pasadena, California: 342 plant specimens (ex- change). . COOKE, W. B., Cincinnati, Ohio: 9 cryptogamic specimens (gift). 279 Cooper, I. C. G., Westerleigh, Staten Island, New York: 6 cryptogamic specimens (gift). CORNELL UNIVERSITY, Department of Botany, Ithaca, New York: 69 specimens of Washington plants (ex- change). CUATRECASAS, DR. José, Bogota, Colombia: 1 plant specimen (gift). DAHLGREN, DR. B. E., Chicago: 2 specimens of Brazilian plants (gift). DaAILy, WILLIAM A., Cincinnati, Ohio: 441 cryptogamic specimens (gift). DANIEL, REV. BROTHER H., Medellin, Colombia: 41 specimens of Colombian plants (gift). DAVIS, PROFESSOR Ray J., Pocatello, Idaho: 5 plant specimens (gift). DEAM, CHARLES C., Bluffton, Indi- ana: 65 plant specimens (gift). DICKINSON, ROBERT B., Johannes- burg, South Africa: 1 economic speci- men (gift). Dixon, Roya, Houston, Texas: 1 plant specimen (gift). DREW, WILLIAM B., Columbia, Mis- souri: 8 specimens of algae (gift). EDMONSTON, W. T., New Haven, Connecticut: 6 cryptogamic specimens (gift). EISENBERG, WILLIAM V., Washington, D.C.: 2 plant specimens (gift). ELIAS, REV. BROTHER, Caracas, Venezuela: 248 specimens of plants from Venezuela and Colombia (gift). FARLOW HERBARIUM, Cambridge, Massachusetts: 2 algal specimens (gift). FIELD, DR. HENRY, Chicago: 22 specimens of plants from Georgia, 21 cryptogamic specimens (gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY: Collected by Donald Richards and Dr. Francis Drouet (Field Museum Expedition to Sonora and Southwest- ern United States, 1939-40): 12,500 specimens of cryptogamic plants, 2,500 specimens of vascular plants. Collected by Colin C. Sanborn (Magellanic Expedition of Field Mu- seum): 1 plant specimen from Chile. Collected by Paul C. Standley, Dr. Francis Drouet, and Dr. Julian A. Steyermark: 86 specimens of crypto- gamic plants. Collected by Dr. Julian A. Steyer- mark (Field Museum Expedition to Guatemala, 1939-40): 25,551 speci- 280 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistorY—REporTS, VOL. 12 mens of Guatemalan plants, 1 plant specimen from Illinois. Collected by Llewelyn Williams: 455 specimens of Venezuelan plants, 65 wood specimens, 14 specimens of cryp- togamic plants. Transferred from the Department of Anthropology: 13 economic specimens. Transferred from the Division of Photography: 70 photographic prints. Transferred from the Department of the N. W. Harris Public Se ool Exten- sion: 3 plant specimens. Purchases: 5,900 cryptogamic speci- mens; 326 plant specimens—Costa Rica; 948 plant specimens—Ecuador; 339 plant specimens—Panama; 544 plant specimens—South America. FisHer, GeorGE L., Houston, Texas: 118 specimens of Texas plants (gift). FLORISTS’ PUBLISHING COMPANY, Chicago: 1 plant specimen (gift). FosperGc, Dr. F. RayMonp, Arling- ton, Virginia: 85 plant specimens, 257 cryptogamic specimens (exchange). Frey, A., Chicago: 1 fungus specimen (gift). FuLLER, Dr. GeorGe D., Chicago: 67 specimens of Illinois plants (gift). Futton, W. H., Rockford, Illinois: 5 plant specimens (gift). GARFIELD PARK CONSERVATORY Chicago: 48 specimens of cultivated plants (gift). GARRETT, PrRoressOoR ARTHUR O., Salt Lake City, Utah: 83 plant speci- mens (gift). GENTRY, Howarp Scott, Tucson, Arizona: 54 specimens of Mexican plants (gift). Gites, GeorGce H., Wilsonville, Nebraska: 75 specimens of algae (exchange). GraHAM, Dr. V. O., Chicago: 7 specimens of fungi (gift). Gray Herparium, Cambridge, Mas- sachusetts: 1,740 plant specimens, 11 photographic prints (exchange). Groesspeck, Dr. M. J., Porterville, California: 253 specimens of algae (gift). GRONEMANN, CARL F., Elgin, Illinois: 1 plant specimen (gift). Guarrera, S. A., Buenos Aires, Argentina: 14 specimens of algae (gift). Guest, Epwin, Kuala Lumpur, Fed- erated Malay States: 10 economic speci- mens (gift). HAMBLETON, Miss ELIZABETH M Chicago: 2 algal specimens (gift). HERMANN, Dr. F. J., Washin D.C.: 93 plant specimens (exch Hitis, Miss Auice L., Chicago: plant specimen (gift). Hinckiey, L. C., Marfa, Texas: specimens of Texas plants (gift). Hopce, Dr. CHARLES, Philadelphi Pennsylvania: 2 algal specimens (gift Ho.LieNnperG, Dr. G. J., Redlanc California: 85 specimens of algae (gift 22 specimens of algae (exchange). Horton, Sister M. MARCBELLE Grand Rapids, Michigan: 121 specin of plants from New Mexico (gift). Hupson, Mrs. A. E., White F New York: 106 economic specir from Persia and Arabia (gift). Hupp, E. R., Indianapolis, Ind 2 fungus specimens (gift). Hurt, J. R., Columbia, Missouri: specimens of algae (gift). Hutcuinson, J. B., Trinidad, Brit West Indies: 1 plant specimen (gift). ILLINOIS STATE MUSEUM, Springf Illinois: 239 specimens of Illinois p (gift). INSTITUTO BoTANICO, Bogota, Co bia: 163 specimens of Colombian fp (exchange). INSTITUTO DE BOTANICA DARWINIC San Isidro, Argentina: 2 plant sf mens (exchange). JounsToNn, Dr. JouHn R., Chimalt nango, Guatemala: 55 s plants from Guatemala (gift). JOHNSTONE, Dr. G. R., Los Ang California: 1 algal specimen (gift). JUNGE, DON — Concepcié Chile: 1 plant specimen (gift). KEARNEY, Dr. T. H., Washingte D.C.: 9 plant specimens (gift). Keuiy, Miss Isapet, Villa Ob Mexico: 2 plant specimens (gift). KENDALL, Mrs. B. A., Elburn, Il nois: 1 plant specimen (gift). KHANNA, DR. L. P., , Burm 225 specimens of al t). Kinc, Lawrence J., Richmon Indiana: 69 specimens of algae (gift). KLEEREKOPER, Dr. HERMAN, & Paulo, Brazil: 45 specimens of (gift). Kocu, Hersert L., Princeton, Mi souri: 7 plant specimens (gift). ACCESSIONS KrukorF, Boris A., Bronx Park, New York: 138 plant specimens (gift); 1,470 plant specimens, 3,078 wood speci- mens (exchange). LACKEY, Dr. JAMES B., Cincinnati, Ohio: 3 algal specimens (gift). LANGLOIS, A. C., Nassau, Bahamas: 1 specimen of palm (gift). LANKESTER, C. H., Cartago, Costa Rica: 1 plant specimen (gift). LANOUETTE, MISs CECILE, Montreal, Canada: 1 algal specimen (gift). Lewis, Mrs. B. B., Guatemala City, Guatemala: 70 plant specimens, 22 wood specimens (gift). LINDAUER, Dr. V. W., Keri Keri, Bay of Islands, New Zealand: 8 specimens of algae (gift). LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY, Department of Botany, University, Louisiana: 2 plant specimens (gift). McCanv, Dr. L. P., Bogalusa, Louisi- ana: 1 specimen of lichen (gift). McCuurg, F. A., Canton, China: 85 wood specimens (exchange). McINTEER, Dr. B. B., Lexington, Kentucky: 14 specimens of algae (gift). Mappox, R. S., Jefferson City, Mis- souri: 2 plant specimens (gift). MacuirE, Dr. Bassett, Logan, Utah: 14 specimens of algae (gift); 505 photographic prints (exchange). MALDONADE, DR. ANGEL, Lima, Peru: 11 specimens of algae (gift). MANN, Louis K., Chicago: 16 speci- mens of algae (gift). MarsH, ERNEST G., JR., Victoria, Texas: 960 specimens of Mexican plants (gift). MARTINEZ, PROFESSOR MAXIMINO, Mexico City, Mexico: 16 specimens of Mexican plants, 2 specimens of algae (gift). MatTupA, E1zi, Escuintla, Chiapas, Mexico: 20 specimens of Mexican plants (gift). MELBOURNE BOTANIC GARDENS, South Yarra, Australia: 40 specimens of Australian plants (exchange). MEYER, PROFESSOR TEODORO, Tucu- man, Argentina: 9 plant specimens (gift). MILLAR, JOHN R., Chicago: 10 speci- mens of algae (gift). MIssouRI BOTANICAL GARDEN, St. Louis, Missouri: 481 plant specimens (exchange). 281 MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY, Her- barium, Missoula, Montana: 145 speci- mens of algae (exchange). Moore, GEORGE, Sullivan, Missouri: 25 specimens of Missouri plants (gift). Munz, Dr. P. A., Claremont, Cali- fornia: 41 specimens of South American plants (gift). MusEo NACIONAL, San José, Costa Rica: 189 specimens of Costa Rican plants (gift). NEw Mexico STATE COLLEGE, New Mexico: 2 economic specimens (gift). NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, New York: 68 plant specimens, 242 cryptogamic specimens, 38 photographic prints (exchange). OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, Herbarium, Columbus, Ohio: 203 specimens of algae (exchange). -PAcHECO H., MARIANO, Guatemala City, Guatemala: 4 plant specimens (gift). PENLAND, PROFESSOR C. WILLIAM, Colorado Springs, Colorado: 41 speci- mens of plants from Ecuador (gift). PETERSEN, OSCAR, St. Louis, Mis- souri: 10 plant specimens (gift). POMONA COLLEGE, Claremont, Cali- fornia: 90 plant specimens (exchange). PONCE, PROFESSOR JOSE M., Chapul- tepec, Mexico: 60 specimens of Mexican plants (gift). PRESCOTT, DR. G. W., Albion, Michigan: 76 specimens of algae (gift). PRINCIPIA, THE, Elsah, Illinois: 76 specimens of plants from New Mexico (gift). RAGONESE, ARTURO E., Santa Fe, Argentina: 88 plant specimens from Argentina (gift). REEVES, Dr. R. G., College Station, Texas: 5 plant specimens (gift). REHBEIN, MRs. C. C., Chicago, IIli- nois: 1 specimen of cultivated plant (gift). REKO, Dr. Bias P., Tacubaya, Mexico: 14 plant specimens (gift). RICHARDS, DONALD, Chicago: 140 specimens of plants from Indiana and Minnesota, 805 cryptogamic specimens (gift). Roserts, Mrs. ALICE S., Chicago: 214 plant specimens from Tennessee and Ohio (gift). ROSENGURTT, PROFESSOR BERNARDO, Montevideo, Uruguay: 17 specimens of Uruguayan plants (gift). 282 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Scuirp, W. A., Darwin, Australia: 1 plant specimen (gift). ScHNEIDER, RicHarp A., Kankakee, Illinois: 336 specimens of Iilinois plants (exchange). ScHULTES, RICHARD EVANs, Cam- bridge, Massachusetts: 1 plant speci- men, 1 photographic print (gift). SEAVERNS, Miss Dorua, Bennington, Vermont: 67 specimens of plants from Barro Colorado Island (gift). SERVICIO BOTANICO, Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria, Caracas, Venezuela: 279 wood specimens, 73 economic speci- mens (exchange). SETCHELL, PROFESSOR WILLIAM A., ea California: 13 specimens of algae (gift). SHeRFF, Dr. EARL E., Chicago: 217 plant specimens (gift). STANDLEY, Pau C., Chicago: 752 plant specimens (gift). STANFORD UNIVERSITY, Dudley Her- barium, California: 261 specimens of Mexican plants (exchange). STEYERMARK, Mrs. Cora SHoop, Chicago: 8 cryptogamic specimens (gift). STEYERMARK, Dr. JULIAN A., Chi- cago: 2,538 plant specimens, 6 cryp- togamic specimens (gift). STIFFLER, Mrs. C. B., Chicago: 9 specimens of algae (gift). STRICKLAND, J. C., Charlottesville, Virginia: 14 cryptogamic specimens (gift); 91 cryptogamic specimens (ex- change). Tart, Dr. CLARENCE E., Columbus, Ohio, and WiuutaM A. Datry, Cincin- nati, Ohio: 27 specimens of algae (gift). TaAYLorR, Dr. Wiiiiam R., Ann Arbor, Michigan: 101 specimens of algae (gift). Tryon, R. M., Jr., Cambridge, Massachusetts: 24 plant specimens (gift); 82 plant specimens (exchange). UntTep STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, National Arboretum, Washington, D.C.: 1,273 plant speci- mens (exchange). UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, Washington, D.C.: 551 pe specimens, 5 typed descriptions of new species of plants (exchange). UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, Depart- ment of Botany, pope California: 2,200 2 ergo Hw plants from Peru and Bolivia (gift); B58 specimens of California plants (exchange). REPoRTs, VOL. 12 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT ANGELES, California: 12 plant mens (exchange). UNIVeRsITy oF GporGta, Dep ment of Botany, Athens, Georgia: plant specimen (gift). UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO, Dep of Botany, Moscow, I of Idaho white pine (gift). UNIversITY OF IpaHo, Southe Branch, mi ge of Pe tello, Idaho: 34 specimens of plants (gift). UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Un sity Herbarium, Ann Arbor, Michi 230 plant specimens (exchange). UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, D ment of Botany, Minneapolis, sota: 50 specimens of Minnesota p (exchange). UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS, Departr of Botany, Austin, Texas: 125 speci of Mexican plants (gift). UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPE Manila, Philippine Islands: 252 sp mens of algae (exchange). UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN, Dep ment of Botany, Madison, Wisco 33 plant specimens (exchange). Voci, Rev. Papre C., Venezuela: 484 specimens of from Venezuela (gift). Votu, Dr. Paut D., an plant specimens, 13 cryp mens (gift); 50 cryp pecir (exchange). Wap, Dr. Lee, Marietta, Ohio: specimens of algae (gift). WALPOLE, Mrs. Ropert H., netka, Illinois: 1 plant specimen Wetcu, Miss HELEN H., Haute, Indiana: 2 algal specimens Wetcu, Dr. Winona H., G castle, Indiana: 35 specimens of me (exchange). WILLIS, Miss BARBARA, Bennir Vermont: 42 specimens of mosses gil Witte MEMORIAL MUSEUM, Antonio, Texas: 34 specimens of plants (gift). Wo..e, Puiuir W., Princess Maryland: 2 algal specimens (gift). YALe& Untversiry, School of F New Haven Connecticut: i4 (a ZETEK, JAMES, Balboa, Canal 7 30 specimens of Panama plants AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL fistory, New York: casts of fossil vertebrates (exchange). _ ARTAMONOFF, GEORGE, Chicago: 4 specimens of soils—Venezuela and Colombia (gift). _ AUSTRALIAN MuSEvUM, Sydney, New jouth Wales, Australia: fragment with rust of Barratta No. 3 meteorite— New South Wales (exchange). _ BALESTERIA, A. A., Chicago: 1 speci- nen of chert with shrinkage cracks— north of Rockford, Illinois (gift). | BARBER, C. M., Hot Springs, Arkan- sas: 2 incomplete carapaces of fossil -curtles—Devil’s Backbone, Saratoga, Arkansas; plesiosaur vertebrae—De- ight, Arkansas (gift). BARKER, JAMES M., Honolulu, Hawaii: 24 specimens of volcanic sands —Hawaii and Oahu (gift). BECKER, R. R., Gainesville, Florida: groups of fish teeth, 1 echinoid— Gainesville, Florida (gift). BLUM, CHARLES E., New York: 1 stylolite—Lannon, Wisconsin (gift). oo BRADY, PROFESSOR L. F., Flagstaff, rizona: 21 volcanic specimens—Ari- ona (gift). BrYANT, W., Parlier, California: 16 eth and 2 fragments of tusks of Desmonstylus—Oregon; 1 specimen of hodonite—Tulare County, California (gift). BUDDHUE, JOHN D., Pasadena, Cali- ornia: 1 fragment of Darwin glass— Tasmania (exchange). _ CARDIOS, MICHAEL, Chicago: 2 stylo- lites—near Bedford, Indiana (gift). CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: casts of 4 vertebrate ossils (exchange). Cropas, JULIUS, St. Johns, Arizona: m specimen of concretionary barite— ‘St. Johns, Arizona (gift). Eunson, M. J., Murfreesboro, Ar- kansas: 5 specimens of cinnabar—Mur- freesboro, Arkansas (gift). _ FYExp, Dr. HENRY, Chicago: 1 speci- men of residual soil—Huntingdon, Penn- ylvania; 4 specimens of sand—Florida ‘and Georgia. : ACCESSIONS 283 DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY—ACCESSIONS FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY: Collected by Colin C. Sanborn and Karl P. Schmidt (Field Museum Magellanic Expedition, 1939): 1 speci- men of hematitic rock, and 1 specimen of limonitic rock—Lima, Peru. Collected by Dr. Henry Field (Field Museum North Arabian Desert Ex- pedition, 1928): 39 specimens of rocks— Iraq and Trans-Jordan. Collected by Elmer S. Riggs (First Marshall Field Expedition to Argentina and Bolivia, 1922-24): part of collection of invertebrate fossils—Punta, Casa- mayor, Argentina. Collected by Paul O. McGrew (Field Museum Paleontological Expedition to South Dakota, 1940): 4 specimens of vertebrate fossils—Nebraska and South Dakota. Collected by Sharat K. Roy (Rawson- MacMillan—-Field Museum Subarctic Expedition, 1927-28): 110 invertebrate fossils—Frobisher Bay, Baffin Land. Purchases: 2 mineral specimens— Lehi, Utah; 23 specimens of meteorites —United States; individual of ““Ozono”’ (Crockett County, Texas) meteorite. GOODMAN, R. J., Chicago: 16 geo- logical specimens—United States (gift). GRETTON, R. N., Minneapolis, Min- nesota: 1 specimen of chatoyant goe- thite-bearing quartz—Cayuna, Minne- sota (gift). GROESBECK, Dr. M. J., Porterville, California: 17 geological specimens— Nevada and California (gift). HERPERS, HENRY, Chicago: 16 speci- mens of rocks and minerals—various localities; 3 micro-slides of minerals— Pennsylvania (gift); 2 mineral speci- mens—Utah and California (exchange). HuMMEL, ARNIM D., Richmond, Kentucky: part of skeleton of Mega- lonyx—London Mills, Illinois (gift). JEANNISSON, Mrs. L., Park Ridge, Illinois: 1 specimen of azurite and malachite—Arizona (gift). JENKINS, Mrs. Cora, Chicago: 16 barite roses—near Norman, Oklahoma (gift). JENNINGS, JOHN W., Eureka Springs, Arkansas: 1 specimen of marcasite, 1 specimen of percussion cone on chert —Eureka Springs, Arkansas (gift). JONES, WILLIAM, Lake City, Florida: 1 specimen of botryoidal hematite— locality unknown (gift). 284 Fretp Museum or Natura. History—Reports, VOL. 12 Kemrren, Kart, Chicago: 1 speci- men of specular hematite on hematite —Guernsey, Wyoming (gift). Kester, Joun H., Easton, M 1 specimen of man o tain County, Oklahoma (gift). LA Paz, Proressor Lincoun, Co- lumbus, Ohio: 1 meteorite—Ector County, Texas (gift). Loox, ALrrep, Grand Junction, Colo- rado: — jaw with dentition of Barylam faberi—Grand Junction, Colorado (gift). Los ANGELES Museum or History, SCIENCE AND ART, Los Angeles, Cali- fornia: cast of skull and jaws of Came- lopa eransi (exchange). McGrew, Paut O., Chicago: 8 speci- mens of precious opal- Department of Gracias, Honduras (gift). —— Bryant, Chicago: 2 min- mens—California and Wyo- a gift). Meap, Grayson E., Chicago: jaw of Cynarctoa acridena—Marshland, (gift). MeLutncer, J., Longmont, Colorado: 10 specimens of fossil mammals—near Gault, Colorado (gift). MunzeL, Witutiam E., Chicago: specimen of onyx marble—Lower Cali- fornia, Mexico (gift). Musmo NActioONaL DE COSTA Rica, San José, Costa Rica: 13 minerals, 2 fomsil teeth, 15 specimens of fossil wood, 6 specimens of fossil coral, and 14 invertebrate foasila—Costa Rica (gift). Myers, Grorce T., Jamestown, Tennessee: 12 specimens of barite— Jamestown, Tennessee (gift). Nicnois, Henry W., Chicago: 2 mica condensers (gift). Pacxovicu, Basit, East Chicago, ndiana: 1 tooth of cave bear—Hun- gary (gift). Patwer, Dra. R. H., Havana, Cuba: 13 fossil crincide—Havana, Cuba (ex- change). Pare, — C., oe —— Ms lan, Idaho (gift). Pranopy Museum, New Haven, Con- necticut: 6 casts of vertebrate fossils (exchange). — yoming land: McCur- Peyton, W. T., Morton, 1_septarium—near Morton, t Pitts, WittiaM B., Ay fornia: 2 plaques of chiaste Ma chusetts and Australia (gift). ntz, H. W., 21 opal- ea Tondareett) Celie Quinn, James H., Chicago: 15 mens of vertebrate fonsi we s en of ‘ahllite—) Scuaap, R., Batavia, Ji lands East Indies: ® tekiten, ob on : Philippines parr and , Ropert, He nois: rang of fossil ‘dog, D Bad Lands, South Le wait) Scuneiper, E. E - Clon mens of blue “o hd Ba moet exas (gift) SHo.er, C. H., Minneapolis, Mi sota: 1 specimen ‘of cross bede stone—near Missoula, Montana ( STANDARD O1 Company (Indi Chicago: 2 photographs (gift). — los Ndlahor 1 spectuen of ana o: 1s Milter Idaho (gift). THIESMAYER, PROFESSOR LINCOL Appleton, Wisconsin: 6 dreika er ventifacts—Cape Cod, (gift). # der— Treatcu, W. M piece of po dbals. nois (gift). TREVeETT, Miss Amn, a ming: 1 s of Wyoming (gift). Unttep STaTES NATIONAL Mw Washington, D.C.; cast of sk ylus hes ( ACCESSIONS DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY— ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: 7 bird skins —yarious localities (exchange). ApaMs, WILLIAM J. R., Wayland, Kentucky: 43 salamanders, 15 toads— Kentucky (exchange). ALLEN, DaAvip, Highland Park, Illi- 0is: 2 salamanders, 1 snapping turtle— La Porte County, Indiana (gift). _ ALLEN, E. Ross, Silver Springs, Florida: 1 panther skull—Collier County, Florida (gift). ALLEN, PAut H., Balboa, Canal Zone: 1 quetzal skin—Panama (gift). ALWART, PAUL J., Chicago: 5 beetles —Chetek, Wisconsin (gift). ANDREWS, E. WyLLys, Cambridge, Massachusetts: 82 bats in alcohol, 7 rodent skins and skulls, 5 small mam- mal skulls, 2 salamanders, 197 frogs, 328 lizards, 431 snakes, 8 turtles, 66 fishes, 1 crab, 3 scorpions—Yucatan and Campeche, Mexico (gifts). _ Anonymous Donor: 5,153 bird skins —yvarious localities (gift). ANONYMOUS Donor: 63 fishes—vari- ous localities (gift). _ ARIZONA GAME AND FISH CoMMIS- SION, Phoenix, Arizona: 1 river salmon —California (gift). 1 ARMOUR AND COMPANY, Chicago: 2 _domestic animals and parts of 2 others (gift). _. ARNOLD, GUSTAV E., San Augustine, Texas: 9 lizards, 7 snakes, 1 turtle— -/Texas (gift). _. ARTAMANOFF, GEORGE, Chicago: 1 land snail, 31 insects—Venezuela and - Colombia (gift). _ BARBER, CHARLES M., Hot Springs, _ Arkansas: 1 bat in alcohol, 1 lizard, 1 snake, 1 cleaned turtle skeleton— Arkansas and Brazil (gift). BARTEL, KARL, Blue Island, Illinois: 1 western sandpiper—Wolf Lake, Indi- ana (gift). BARTNICK, BERNARD, Chicago: 12 hummingbirds, 1 parrot—Venezuela ‘and Colombia (gift); 31 bird skins— Europe and South America (exchange). ' Bass BIoLoGicaAL LABORATORY, En- glewood, Florida: 2 shark jaws, 1 young ray and egg—Florida (gift). BECKER, Mrs. VIOLET, Wooddale, Illinois: 1 rattlesnake—Wooddale, Tlli- nois (gift). 4 285 ACCESSIONS BEECHER, WILLIAM J., Chicago: 2 young rabbit skins and skulls—Fox Lake, Illinois (gift). Best, MIss ELIZABETH, Glencoe, Illi- nois: 1 beetle—Nashville, Indiana (gift). BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HiIs- TORY), London, England: 88 bats in aleohol—West Indies, Trinidad, and Dutch Guiana (exchange). BROMUND, E. FRED, Mount Pleasant, Michigan: 108 shells—various localities; 1 scorpion-fly— Michigan (gift). Brown, Mrs. A. W., Spirit Lake, Iowa: 2 marine shells—Texas (gift). BUCHSBAUM, DR. RALPH, Chicago: 2 lizards—Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone (gift). Buck, FRANK, Chicago: (gift). BurRTON, RoBerT A., Evanston, Illi- nois: 2 salamanders, 87 frogs, 47 toads, 24 snakes, 4 turtles—Mount Pleasant, lowa (gift). BURTON, ROBERT A. and DONALD Kemp, Evanston, Illinois: 1 tadpole, 13 frogs, 4 snakes, 2 turtles—Grundy County, Illinois (gift). CAMPBELL, J. E., Graham, Texas: 1 hog moth—Graham, Texas (gift). CASCARD, BEN, Gary, Indiana: 458 lower invertebrates—San Pedro, Cali- fornia (gift). CHICAGO ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Brook- field, Illinois: 39 mammals, 285 bude 3 salamanders, 18 frogs, 3 lizards, 2 birds’ eggs, 111 snakes, 3 turtles, 1 alligator, 1 tick, 1 peripatus—various localities (gift). CONOVER, BOARDMAN, Chicago: 36 birds, 11 eggs—various localities (gift); 17 birds—various localities (exchange). Cow.es, Dr. RaAyMonD B., Los Angeles, California: 3 sand lizards— Arizona (gift). Daccy, THOMAS, Evanston, Illinois: 3 beetles—Laporte County, Indiana (gift). DampF, Dr. ALFONSO, Mexico City, Mexico: 7 bats in aleohol—Mexico and Guatemala (gift). Davis, D. DwicutT, Naperville, Illi- nois: 1 raccoon—Naperville, Illinois (gift). DE CLEMENTS, FRANK, Chicago: 1 spider—Chicago (gift). DEITMER, CARL, Chicago: 1 wasp— Chicago (gift). 1 jaguar 286 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Drorkin, V. H. and I. Rossman, Chicago: 1 bird—Chicago (gift). Drovet, Dr. Francis, Chicago: slides of freshwater sponges (gift). Duckworth, N. H., Manila, Phili ine Islands: 1 flying lizard—Lake ulasan, Philippine Islands (gift). Dunn, Dr. E. R., Haverford, Penn- sylvania: 2 coral anake heads— Puerto Armuelles, Panama (gift). Dysas, Henry S., Chi 733 in- sects and allies saxioen losalitien (gift). Err, DONALD, 5 Aeoagr = Ohio: 1 butterfly— Wallace, daho (gift). Emerson, Dr. ALrrep E., magn 25 termites —British Honduras (gift) ENZENBACHER, ANDREW, Chicago: 2 turtles, 3 enakes— Dunes, Indiana (gift). Fieip, Dr. Henry, Chicago: 1 mam- mal, 11 salamanders, 11 tadpoles, 16 frogs, 11 toads, 3 lizards, 6 snakes, 29 turtles, 229 fishes, 315 insects and allies, 230 lower invertebrates—various locali- ties in United States (gift). Fietp Museum or NATURAL History: Collected by Emmet R. Blake: 14 sets of birds’ eggs—Illinois. Collected by Rudyerd Boulton and D. of ne Davis (Leon Mandel Carib- bean Expedition of Field Museum): 11 mammal skins, 23 bats in alcohol, 97 bird skins, 62 bird skeletons, 7 sets of birds’ eggs, 9 frogs, lizards, 31 snakes, 7 turtles, 2 crocodilians, 118 fishes, 63 insects and allies, 227 lower invertebrates. ~—Caribbean region, Yuca- tan, and Honduras. Collected by Sid Camras: 230 bird lice—various | ities. Collected b Dwight Davis (Leon Mandel Carib ots bead Expedition of Field Museum): ; $29 lizards, 31 snakes, 2 cro- codilians, 7 turtles, 9 frogs—Caribbean region. ome pe by Dr. Henry Field and Richard artin (Field Museum Ratheopelenionl Expedition to vy Near East, 1934): 5 ticks—Iraq and Syria. Collected by Juan Heider (Marshall Field Brazilian Expedition): 2 scorpions ~-Monte Carlo, Argentina. Collected by Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood, Colin C. Sanborn, Karl P. mammal. skine "and. skull, 89 1 mammals co large mammal skins, 23 mammal skeletons, 14 sepa- Reports, Vou. 12 rate mammal skulls, bi bird skeletons, 152 thdpolen, 3 toad eggs, 1,002 frogs and toads, li 82 snakes, one turtle # Chile, Argentina, and Toe Collected by Martin birds—Chicago area. Collected by Paul C. Stand Avery Ex tion to Guat 39): 5 fresh-water Gua Collected by Dr. Julian A. mark (Field Museum Botanical Ex; tion to Guatemala, 1939-40): 2 1 mouse in alcohol, ry frogs, 11 tis 4 snakes, 14 fishes, 4 insects a 3 crabs, 16 chelle~-Guatemalant Third Asiatic Expedition (American Museum of Natur tory): 2 bat skulls—China. Collected by Ce Cc. 3 frogs, 5 snakes, 7 Page C County, Illinois. Transferred from Dep Geology: 1 elephant skeleton. ne from Dep W. Harris Public School E ter ri San Titieok and W n change). Collected by Ru L. 50 biting-lice—San oun fornia; 1,149 external various localities. Collected by Loren P. Woods [ Museum Expedition to Southea Missouri): 5,385 fishe put mals— California; is mammal sia 16 small 6 bat skins and skulls, 1 Fe eR ee 13 t 6 snakes, 5 ACCESSIONS skins and skulls—Peru; 26 birds— Utilla Island; 84 hawks and owls, 1 other bird skin—various localities (Leslie Wheeler Fund); 7 mammals— Vermont; 2 caecilians, 8 frogs, 10 lizards, 5 snakes—West Indies and South America. FocLr, Dr. F. LESTER, South Bend, Indiana: 2 bats in alcohol, 1 centipede —West Africa (gift). FRANZ, HERMAN, Bensenville, Illi- _nois: 2snakes—McHenry, Illinois (gift). FRANZEN, ALBERT J., Chicago: 1 ~ snake—Calumet Lake, Illinois (gift). FRIESSER, JAMES, Chicago: 1 newt— Ashland County, Wisconsin (gift). | FRIESSER, JULIUS, Chicago: 1 jaguar -skull—Brazil; 1 fish specimen—Illinois (gift); 1 white rhino skull—Africa; 1 | pair deer antlers—Asia (exchange). FRIzzELL, Mrs. Don L., Negritos, Peru: 4 snakes—Peru (gift). | Funk, T. L., Chicago: 1 beetle— Louisville, Kentucky (gift). _. GENERAL BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY HOUSE, ‘Chicago: 1 injected frog—Chicago area; 6 small bivalve shells—Englewood, | Florida (gift). GERHARD, WILLIAM J., Chicago: 23 insects—New Jersey and Colorado. GRANT, GorDON, Los Angeles, Cali- -\fornia: 1,137 insects and allies, 4386 _ lower invertebrates—Los Angeles, Cali- fornia (gift). | GREEN, J. A., Chicago: 1 loggerhead ‘turtle skull—Key West, Florida (gift). | GREEN, Dr. N. BAYARD, Huntington, West Virginia: 12 salamanders—Hunt- ington, West Virginia (exchange). _. GRONEMANN, CaRL F., Elgin, Illinois: 6 beetles—Province of Hanover, Ger- _ many (gift). ‘| GuERET, EpMoND N., Chicago: 2 birds; 3 freshwater clams—Barron County, Wisconsin (gift). | GUILLAUDEU, ROBERT, Chicago: 1 _ snake—Deerfield, Illinois (gift). | Haas, Dr. Fritz, Chicago: 18 fresh- water shells—Chicago (gift). ‘|. Haas, Dr. GEoRG, Jerusalem, Pales- pune: 1 salamander, 1 frog, 15 lizards, 1 snakes—Palestine (exchange). _ Harerove, J., Chicago: 6 book-lice— ; a (gift). HeRPERS, HENRY, Chicago: 2 land shells—Ogdensburg, New Jersey (gift). _ Hertic, Bruce, Lima, Peru: 1 toad, t blind snake—Lima, Peru (gift). 287 HERTIG, DR. MARSHALL, Lima, Peru: 1 snake—Surco, Peru (gift). HIBLER, C. D., Kingsville, Texas: 15 frogs and toads, 9 lizards, 19 snakes, 7 turtles—Kingsville, Texas (exchange). Hiuu, J. L., Berwyn, Illinois: 2 in- sects—Colorado and South Dakota (gift). Hoseoop, Dr. W. C., Monticello, Arkansas: 1. short-tailed shrew in aleohol, 1 salamander, 3 frogs, 3 liz- ards, 3 snakes, 1 turtle—Monticello, Arkansas (gift). HopGSDON, DONALD, Pochuta, Guate- mala: 1 tarantula—Pochuta, Guate- mala (gift). HOLABIRD, JOHN A., Chicago: 1 raccoon skin and skeleton, 2 woodrat skins and skulls, 2 young woodrats in formalin, 20 bird skins, 6 bird skeletons, 28 frogs, 15 lizards, 20 snakes, 2 turtles, 1 alligator, 204 fishes—Avery Island, Louisiana (gift). HOo.LABIRD, Mrs. JOHN A., Chicago: 1 hummingbird—Illinois (gift). Houuey, FRANCIS E., Lombard, Illi- nois: 8 insects—various localities (gift). HooGsTRAAL, HARRY, Champaign, Illinois: 28 small mammal skins and skulls, 16 bats in alcohol, 3 separate mammal skulls—Mexico (gift). HvuBRICHT, LESLIE, St. Louis, Mis- souri: 10 small marine shells—Port St. Joe, Florida (gift). IGLER, Miss SOPHIE, and MIss EpitH Haas, Chicago: 10 freshwater mussels—Loon Lake, Illinois (gift). IowA WESLEYAN COLLEGE, Mount Pleasant, lowa: 1 snake—Mount Pleas- ant, lowa (gift). JANECEK, JOHN J., Cicero, Illinois: 55 insects, 2 spiders—Hllinois (gift). JEWETT, STANLEY G., Portland, Ore- gon: 2 rabbit skins and skulls—Oregon (gift). JOERN, Miss MARIE, River Forest, Illinois: 3 ticks—River Forest, Illinois (gift). Kemp, DONALD, Evanston, Illinois: 21 salamanders, 74 tadpoles, 41 frogs, 5 lizards, 15 snakes, 8 turtles, 7 snails— Illinois and Missouri (gift). KNICKERBOCKER, C. K., ESTATE OF, Chicago: 223 birds—North America; 9,869 birds’ eggs—various localities (gift). KNOWLTON, PROFESSOR G. F., Logan, Utah: 60 flies—Utah (exchange). 288 FIeLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Kraft, Everett E., beetles—Chicago (gift). KuRFEss, JOHN F., Hinsdale, Illinois: 1 melanistic young garter snake Hinsdale (gift). LAKE, WILLIAM, Chicago: 1 bat in alcohol—Chicago (gift). LAMB, Ropert A., Hammond, Indi- ana: 1 walking stick—Hammond, Indiana (gift). LAMBERT, RONALD, Zion, Illinois: 1 freshwater shell (gift). LAMBERT, Dr. S. M., Utica, New York: 1 crocodile skull—New Guinea (gift). LERNER, MICHAEL, New York: 1 black marlin, 1 thresher shark—New Zealand (gift). LETL, FRANK, Homewood, Illinois: 1 bird, 1 water snake—lIllinois (gift). Levy, Seymour, Chicago: 1 bird— Chicago (gift). LILJEBLAD, Emit, Willow Park, Illi- nois: 43 insects— Pentwater, Michigan (gift). LINCOLN PARK Z00, Chicago: 3 mam- mals, 1 frog, 5 lizards, 11 snakes, 1 turtle, 1 young crocodile, 2 tongue worms (gift). LOEWEN, Mrs. S. L., Sterling, Kansas: 1 Great Plains lizard—Kansas (gift). Lutz, THomMas, Downers Grove, IIli- nois: 1 insect—Aurora (gift). McCLoup AND Company, W. B., Chicago: 1 beetle—Chicago (gift). MCILHENNY, Epwarp A., Avery Is- land, Louisiana: 1 mammal skin a skull, 1 mammal skin and skeleton, 1 shrew in formalin, 1 three-legged mallard duckling in formalin—Avery Island (gift). MARK, HARRIETT, Chicago: 1 bird— Chicago (gift). Mazur, ANTHONY, Chicago: 1 spider —Oswego, Illinois (gift). Mock, Dr. Harry, Evanston, IIli- nois: 1 mountain lion skeleton—-New Mexico (gift). MORAN, MorTON, San Diego, Cali- fornia: 76 insects—Phoenix, Arizona; 6 fishes, 256 insects and allies, 1,200 lower invertebrates—Coronado and San Diego, California (gift). MorRISON, CLIFTON B., Chicago: 1 bird—Chicago (gift). Museo NACIONAL DE Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica: 4 corals—Costa Rica (gift). Chicago: 2 Reports, Vou. 12 MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE Zoo Cambridge, Massachusetts: 1 se skin and skeleton—San Domina t in alcohol—Java; 1 caecilian, 7 f 30 lizards, 12 snakes, 2 tu localities (exchange); 52 ish West Indies (gift). NELSON, BERNE, Wooddale, Il 2 snakes— Wooddale, Illinois (cift NEUMAN, HERBERT, Elgin, I 1 fire-fly larva—Elgin, Tllinois (gift é Oscoop, Dr. WILFRED H. skin and skull, 3 1 prairie d 7 hawks, 3 birds’ eggs—Colo ee 1 —Mississippi (gift). Owens, Davip W., Flossmoor, I nois: 18 frogs, 7 snakes, 1 tw Illinois (gift). PAQUETTE, DONALD J., Illinois: 1 insect—Manteno (gift). Park, ANDREW R., E nois: 2 moths—Urbana, Minos PATTERSON, BRYAN, Chic: insects and allies, 1 land shell—Ins and Nebraska (gift). PEARSALL, GORDON, Maywood, nois: 1 screech owl—River Forest, | nois (gift). Persky, Mrs. B., Chi :2n shells—Miami Beach, Flo rift PFLUEGER, AL, Miami, Fle ducks—Florida (gift). PuHILBY, HAROLD St. JOHN, Arabia: 3’ arachnids—Arabia (gift Rag oer ae Ae de t phia, Pennsylvania: paratypes shells— Miranda, Cuba (gift). PouRTE, WILLIAM C., lop ana: 8 salamanders, 2 snake—Laporte — Indian (e POLLAK, Mrs. H. ae shells—Rio de Sire t sig CutrrorD H., Winnetka, | nois: 1 injected turtle—Chicago (gift). dor tag Illinois: nois (gift). Poutter, Dr. THomas, Ch as skeletons—Little (gift). QuINN, JAMES H., are Hin 1 soft-shelled turtle—Ainsworth, braska (gift). Reep, CAR.Los S., Santiago, 5 fly-catchers—Chile (gift). Miss Susan R., 1 crab spider_—_Freapall ACCESSIONS _ REED, FRANK, Monticello, Arkansas: shrew skin and skull—Monticello, \rkansas (gift). RETONDO, JOHN, Chicago: 101 in- ‘ects—Chicago area (gift). _ RIBNIKER, MARTIN, Chicago: 2 birds -—Hinsdale, Illinois (gift). _ Rickarps, A. R. M., Bagdad, Arabia: | ticks—Aden, Arabia (gift). / ROMANA, WILLIAM, Chicago: 1 frog, | snake—Ludington, Michigan (gift). | ROSENBERG, W. F. H., Middlesex, ingland: 1 albatross—New Zealand exchange). | ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM OF ZOOL- GY, Toronto, Ontario: 1 cleaned marten keleton, 1 fisher skeleton—Ontario (ex- shange). _ RUECKERT, ARTHUR, Chicago: 1 Sooper’s hawk—Florida (gift). __SANBORN, COLIN C., Highland Park, Illinois: 1 beetle, 1 crayfish—Highland ark, Illinois (gift). SANIBEL SCHOOL, Sanibel, Florida: ~ coach whip snake—Sanibel Island, *orida (gift). SCHMIDT, JOHN M., Homewood, IIli- 10is: 16 lizards, 6 snakes, 6 insects and illies—various localities (gift). _ SCHMIDT, KARL P., Homewood, IIli- 10is: 38 snakes, 3 lizards, 20 beetles— linois, Nebraska and Florida (gift). SCHREIBER, JACK, Chicago: 1 tick— Michigan; 1 bird parasite—Chicago gift). SEEVERS, DR. CHARLES H., Chicago: 92 insects and allies—various localities gift). SEGOVIA, PasTorA, Rio Anzu, Ecua- lor: 28 beetles—Ecuador (gift). SHEDD AQUARIUM, JOHN G., Chicago: | tropical fish—Amazon region (gift). SHOEMAKER, Dr. Hurst, Urbana, Illinois: 19 insects—various localities gift). SHUEMAN, MARTIN, Bensenville, IIli- 101s: 2 snakes—Wooddale, Illinois (gift). SIGISMUND OF PRUSSIA, PRINCESS, 3arranca, Costa Rica: 1 bat in alcohol, 3 frogs, 2 snakes, 1 boa head, 1 lizard, ‘3 insects and allies, 7 land shells— 3arranea, Costa Rica (gift). SLATER, Dr. J. R., Tacoma, Washing- on: 7 snakes—Tacoma, Washington gift). Smitu, Dr. C. S., San Marcos, Texas: _ lizard, 1 snake—Texas (gift). 289 SMITH, DON, Chicago: 3 butterflies— Badger Mountains, Washington (gift). SMITH, Mrs. H. D., Lake Forest, Illinois: 1 snake—Desplaines River, Illinois (gift). SORENSEN, HARVEY, Waukegan, IIli- nois: 1 pseudo-scorpion—Waukegan, Illinois (gift). STEYERMARK, Dr. JULIAN A., Chi- cago: 1 painted turtle—Lake County, Illinois (gift). STOREY, Miss MARGARET, Stanford University, California: 51 fishes— Florida (gift). TEXAS CO-OPERATIVE WILD LIFE RE- SEARCH UNIT, College Station, Texas: 1 spotted skunk skeleton—Colorado County, Texas (gift). TOBIASZ, EDWARD C., Chicago: 1 salamander, 2 toads, 5 frogs, 5 snakes, 40 lower invertebrates—DuPage County, Illinois (gift). Topp, JOSEPH D., Chicago: 124 ma- rine shells—Anna Maria Key, Florida (gift). TRAYLOR, MELVIN A., JR., Chicago: 731 bird skins, 1 bird skeleton—Yucatan and Campeche, Mexico (gift). UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, Washington, D.C.: 1 bat in aleohol— Celebes; 15 samples of shark skins, 8 crustaceans—various localities (ex- change). UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA MUSEUM OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY, Berkeley, California: 1 snake—Arabia (exchange). UNIVERSITY OF MAINE, Orono, Maine: 2 land-locked salmon—Maine (gift). UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, MUSEUM oF ZooLocy, Ann Arbor, Michigan: 2 rabbits—Ecuador (exchange). VATTER, ALBERT, Glenview, Illinois: 1 cicada—Glenview, Illinois (gift). VioscA, Dr. PrerRcy, New Orleans, Louisiana: 1 salamander—Louisiana (gift). VOGL, PADRE CORNELIO, Caracas, Venezuela: 11 frogs, 1 lizard, 6 fishes, 686 insects and allies—Venezuela (gift). Voct, WILLIAM, Lima, Peru: 1 tern head in alcohol, 50 mollusks—Peru (gift). VON IHERING, RUDOLPH, Brazil: 5 birds—Brazil (gift). WADE, Miss ELIZABETH, Thomas- ville, Georgia: 6 salamanders—Thomas- ville, Georgia (gift). Recife, 290 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL History—REeEports, VOL. 12 Wabe, Faruey H., Park Ridge, Illi- nois: 1 wasp— Chicago (gift). WALTON, Miss Ciara, Highland Park, Illinois: 1 bird—eastern North America; 10 birds—Highland Park, IIli- nois (gift). WEED, ALFRED C., Chicago: 34 fresh- water snails—Lake Ontario, New York (gift). We tts, JoserpH M., Chicago: 657 irds’ eggs—North America (gift). WenzeL, Rupert L., Chicago: 10 salamanders, 406 insects and allies, 5 slugs—various localities (gift). Wuits, Miss Becky, Thomasville, Georgia: 30 insects—Trinidad, British West Indies (gift). White, Mrs. Ross, Thomasville, Georgia: Ll mole in alcohol, 1 lizard, 9 snakes, 2 turtles, 46 insects—Florida and Georgia; 62 insects— Kentucky (gift). RAYMOND FOUNDATION—ACCESSIONS FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIsTOoRY: Made by Division of Photography 629 slides, 16 prints Mandel-Carib Expedition, 67 colored slides. Purchase: 1 slide projector, 1 phono- graph, 5 phonograph record albums, DIVISION OF PHOTOGRAPHY— FisHerR, Mrs. ANNE, ESTATE OF, New York: 1,404 negatives, 3,022 prints, 75 enlargements, and 35 post card views of racial types and general scenes in Iraq (gift). FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIsTorY: Made by Division of Photography: 6,848 prints, 1,897 negatives, 1,155 lantern slides, 612 enlargements, 42 LIBRARY— Agencia Geral das Colonias Lisbon, Portugal. El Agricultor Venezuela. Aluminum Company of America, Pitts- burgh, Pennsylvania. American Institute of the City of New York. American Museum of Natural History, New York. American Society for Testing Mate- rials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Venezolano, Caracas, ACCESSIONS List of Donors of Books INSTITUTIONS Wuite, Mrs. Ross, Jr., ville, Georgia: 3 salamanders, 8 frogs, 6 snakes—Tho (gift). Wotcott, ALBERT B., Do Grove, Illinois: 1 salamander—Do Grove, Illinois; 24 beetles— localities (gift). Wonper, FRANK, Chi Hp | —Butternut, Ne a a Woop, GENERAL 3 bear skulls—Alaska tty” Woopcock, H. E., Chicago: 7 bu flies—New Mexico: 1 sp (gift). Woops, Loren P., Chicago: 2 manders, 6 frogs, 1 lizard, 5 : 3 crayfish—various localities itt) Wyatt, ALex K., Chi : is sects—various localities t). 1 slide viewer, 60 slides in colors. NATIONAL BROADCASTING COMPA 45 records of 15 “How Do You Kne radio programs (gift). Woop, Miriam, Chicago: 10 ce slides (gift). ACCESSIONS large transparencies, 62 t labels. Developed for expeditions: 144 tives. Made by Paul O. McGrew: 150 tives (35 mm.) of general views landscapes on the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota. American Society of Legion of He New York. Amerind Foundation, Drago Arizona. Anti-Cruelty Society, Chicago. Art Institute of Chicago. Atchison, Topeka and Santa ss way Company, Topeka, Ka Boonton Molding Company, New Jersey. : } ‘ 5 ; razil, Ministerio da Agricultura, Rio _ de Janeiro, Brazil. arnegie Institution, Washington, D.C. Jarolina Biological Supply Company, _ Elon College, North Carolina. Jolombia, Ministerio de la Economia Nacional, Bogota, Colombia. Jompania Argentina de Editores, Bue- nos Aires, Argentina. ook County Forest Preserve District, _ Chicago. Dodd Mead and Company, New York. | SS Security Agency, Washington, | D.C. 7ood Facts, Chicago. | sxeneral Society of Mechanics and _ Tradesmen, New York. zolden Gate Exposition, San Francisco, _ California. os. Instituto Quimico-Agri- cola Nacional, Guatemala City, - Guatemala. dolst Publishing Company, Boone, lowa. llinois Coal Strippers Association, _ Chicago. {Instituto de La Salle, Bogota, Colombia. Hohn Crerar Library, Chicago. (Kaffrarian Museum, King William’s |. Town, South Africa. Lincoln Golden Key Club, Chicago. ‘Manchukuo, Central National Museum _ of, Hsinking, Manchukuo. ‘Marine Studio, St. Augustine, Florida. Mexico, Departamento de la Marina _ Nacional, Patzcuaro, Mexico. Monsanto Chemical Company, St. _ Louis, Missouri. Aden, Alonzo J., Chicago. Aoe, Kojiro Mikage, Hyogoken, Japan. ‘Baird, Don O., Huntsville, Texas. Beecher, William J., Chicago. Behn, Dr. Konrad, Valparaiso, Chile. Bernstorff, Dr. W. H., Calumet City, Illinois. Bolton, Mrs. Chester C., Cleveland, _ Ohio. Borenstein, S., Chicago. ACCESSIONS 291 National Association of Manufacturers, New York. National Soap Sculpture, New York. Naturaliste Canadien, Quebec, Canada. New York University, Institute of Fine Arts, New York. Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts. Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, Tasmania, Australia. Sao Paulo, Departmento de Botanica, Sao Paulo, Brazil. School of African Studies, Cape Town, South Africa. Schools of American Research, Santa Fe, New Mexico. Semana de la Farmacia, La, San José, Costa Rica. Sondley Reference Library, Asheville, North Carolina. South Dakota University, Vermillion, South Dakota. Squibb and Sons, E. R., New York. Standard Oil Company, New York. Statsbiblioteket, Aarhus, Denmark. Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, Ohio. Toledo Naturalists’ Association, Toledo, Ohio. United Brewers Industrial Foundation, New York. Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan, Utah. Washington, State Fisheries Depart- ment, Washington. Wood Technic, Chicago. Work Projects Administration; Illinois Historical Records Survey Project, Urbana, Illinois. Yikal Maya Than, Mérida, Yucatan. INDIVIDUALS Bowen, Norman L., Chicago. Brimley, H. H., Raleigh, North Carolina. Causton, Dr. Gordon, Durban, Natal, Africa. Coleman, Edith, Blackburn, Victoria, Australia. Cory, Charles B., Jr., Chicago. Cummins, George B., Lafayette, Indiana. 292 FreLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIstorY—Reports, VOL. 12 Daniel, H., Medellin, Colombia. Davis, D. Dwight, Chicago. Day, John and Company, New York. Emerson, Dr. Alfred E., Chicago. Farley, Malcolm, Chicago. Fehir, Dr. D., Sopron, Hungary. Fernandez de Cordoba, Joaquin, Morelia, Mexico. Field, Dr. Henry, Chicago. Field, Stanley, Lake Forest, Illinois. Francesco, Festa, Bitritto, Italy. Francis, W. D., Brisbane, Australia. Gerhard, W. J., Chicago. Gleason, H. A., New York. Graham, H. L., Dallas, Texas. Gregg, Clifford C., Flossmoor, Illinois. Grisecke, Dr. Albert A., Miraflores, Peru. Grove, Bert E., Chicago. Gunsaulus, Helen C., Chicago. Gusinde, Martin, St. Gabriel, Modling, Germany. Haas, Dr. Fritz, Chicago. Hambly, Dr. Wilfrid D., Chicago. Hamlin, Chauncey J., Buffalo, New York. Hansen, John Conrad, Chicago. Henderson, M. R., Singapore, Straits Settlements. Herald, Earl Stannard, Stanford Uni- versity, California. Herman, Dr. Carlton M., San Diego, California. Hermanson, Helen, Chicago. Herpers, Henry, Chicago. Herrera, F. L., Lima, Peru. Heyser, Frank, Chicago. Hoehne, F. C., Sio Paulo, Brazil. Hovanitz, William, Pasadena, fornia. Hungerford, H. B., Lawrence, Kansas. Jeffreys, M. D. W., Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Jellison, William L., Hamilton, Montana. Johnston, Dr. John R., Chimaltenango, Guatemala Just, Dr. T., Notre Dame, Indiana. Kelso, Leon, Washington, D.C. Kinghorn, J. R., Sydney, Australia. Cali- Knickerbocker, Kenneth, Chicago. Knoche, Dr. Walter, Buenos 4 Argentina. a Luis, Santiago, Chile. ag Dr. Karl F., Ann ichigan. Lasker, Bruno, New York. Latcham, Ricardo E., Santiago, C Lewis, Dr. Albert B., Chicago. Liljeblad, Emil, Villa Park, Illinois. Little, James M., San Francisco, C fornia. Lundell, C. L., Ann Arbor, Michi McGrew, Paul O., Chicago. MeNair, James B., Los Angeles, C fornia. Mather, Bryant, Chicago. Martin, Dr. Paul S., Chicago. Mayaud, Noél, Nantes, France. Mazzotti, Dr. Luis, Mexico C Mexico. Mead, Dr. Margaret, New York. Moldenke, Harold N., New York. Nichols, Henry W., Chicago. Osgood, Dr. Wilfred H., Chicago. Pabst, Marie, Chicago. Pachecho Cruz, Santiago, Yucatan. Parr, A. E., New Haven, Conn Patterson, Bryan, Chicago. Pearsall, Gordon, Maywood, Illine Pope, Clifford H., Chicago. Reynolds, Philip K., New York. — sige s., Be od” tae Baie Ruiz Leal, A., Mendoza, Argentina. Sanborn, Colin Campbell, Chicago. Sanderson, Ivan T., London, Eng Schmidt, Karl P., Chicago. Sherff, Dr. E. E., Chicago. Standley, Paul C., Chicago. Staner, P., Brussels, Belgium. Stauffer, Clinton R., Minneape Minnesota. Stearn, William T., London, Engla Steyermark, Dr. Julian A., Chicago. Stirton, Ruben Arthur, Berk California. ACCESSIONS 293 ‘apman, Lillian Smith, Jacksonville Beach, Florida. ‘homson, S. C., Chicago. fargas, Dr. Luis, Mexico City, Mexico. Tetlesen, Mrs. Georg, New York. Walker, Dr. James W., Chicago. Wasson, Theron, Chicago. Wenzel, Rupert L., Chicago. Wilbur, C. Martin, Chicago. Wise, Jennings C., Charlottesville, Virginia. Woods, Loren P., Chicago. Wyatt, Alex K., Chicago. Zamenhof, Dr. Stephen, New York. Zingg, Professor Robert M., Denver, Colorado. ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION STATE OF ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF STATE Wriuiam H. Hinnicnusen, Secrelary of Stale To Att To WHom Tuese Parsents SHatt Come, GREETING: abot a Certificate duly signed and anew ion having 1800 office of t of State, on the 16th Sie ery. , pened mr of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM’ OF Cc ICAGO, under oer with the provisions of “An Act Concerning : il 18, 1872, and in force July 1, 1872, and all acts ae ae fa which certificate is hereto attached. : Now, therefore, I, —— H. Hinrichsen, Secretary of the Sta Illinois, by virtue of the and duties vested in me ein me by law law, oo a ora e that the said COLUMBIAN MUSEUM OF CHICA r Corporation under the laws of this State. In Testimony Whereof, I hereto set my hand and cause to be Great Seal of State. Done at the City of Springfield, this 16th of § in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and Independence of the United States the one hundred and eighteenth. W. H. HINRICHSE {Smar} Secretary of St TO HON, WILLIAM H. HINRICHSEN, SECRETARY OF STATE: We, the undersigned citizens of the United States, propose to form & poration Ce ae ae Ooo toa” copra Apel 18, 10Tk a ‘An Act Concerning Corporations,” approved pow 18, 1872, and amendat thereof; and that for the purposes of such organization we state as f to-wit: Sir: 1. The name of such corporation is the “COLUMBIAN MUSEUM CHICAGO.” 2. The et, for which it is formed is for the accumulation semination of knowledge, and the preservation and exhibition of o : ars Art, Archaeology, Science and History. : The management of the aforesaid museum shall be vested in a Bos Serrams (1k) Tacarmn, Sve of whoo are to be cere ; 4. The following named persons are hereby selected as the Trustees fi first year of its corporate existence: Edward E. . Charles B. Farwell E. A Charles L. Hutchinson, Daniel H. Burnham, gh A. Rocke, SC. B Emil G. Hirsch, James W. Ellsworth, Allison V ee le Walker, “John C. Black and Frank W. Gunsaulus. 5. The location of the Museum is in the City of Chicago, County and State of Illinois. ” (Signed) fears E. arwell, Sidney C . Eastman, F. W. Putna a tienen te Cent” Fiutehioean tb ees oes oe beard Ayer, doh M, Clark, E Oak Ie ier, Haney 5. are fo liam R, Harper, Frank 294 é - P ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION 295 homas B. Bryan, L. Z. Leiter, A. C. Bartlett, A. A. Sprague, A. C. McClurg, ames W. Scott, Geo. F. Bissell, John R. Walsh, Chas. Fitzsimmons, John A. ‘oche, E. B. McCagg, Owen F. Aldis, Ferdinand W. Peck, James H. Dole, oseph Stockton, Edward B. Butler, John McConnell, R. A. Waller, H. C. hatfield-Taylor, A. Crawford, Wm. Sooy Smith, P. S. Peterson, John C. lack, Jno. J. Mitchell, C. F. Gunther, George R. Davis, Stephen A. Forbes, ‘obert W. Patterson, Jr., M. C. Bullock, Edwin Walker, George M. Pullman, Villiam E. Curtis, James W. Ellsworth, William E. Hale, Wm. T. Baker, fartin A. Ryerson, Huntington W. Jackson, N. B. Ream, Norman Williams, felville E. Stone, Bryan Lathrop, Eliphalet W. Blatchford, Philip D. Armour. TATE OF ILLINOIS ss Cook COUNTY I, G. R. MiTcHELL, a NoTary PuBLic in and for said County, do hereby srtify that the foregoing petitioners personally appeared before me and eknowledged severally that they signed the foregoing petition as their free and oluntary act for the uses and purposes therein set forth. Given under my hand and notarial seal this 14th day of September, 1893. G. R. MITCHELL, SEAL] NoTARY PUBLIC, COOK COUNTY, ILL. CHANGE OF NAME Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held he 25th day of June, 1894, the name of the COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was hanged to FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. A certificate to this effect was led June 26, 1894, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. CHANGE OF NAME Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held he 8th day of November, 1905, the name of the FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM was changed to FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. . certificate to this effect was filed November 10, 1905, in the office of the Secretary f State for Illinois. CHANGE IN ARTICLE 3 Pursuant to a resolution passed at a meeting of the corporate members held he 10th day of May, 1920, the management of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL TISTORY shall be invested in a Board of TWENTY-ONE (21) TRUSTEES, who hall be elected in such manner and for such time and term of office as may ye provided for by the By-Laws. A certificate to this effect was filed May 21, 920, in the office of the Secretary of State for Illinois. AMENDED BY-LAWS DECEMBER, 1939 ARTICLE I MEMBERS Section 1. Members shall be of twelve classes, Corporate Mer orary Members, Patrons, Corresponding Members, Benefactors, Cont Life Members, Non-Resident Life Members, Associate Members, Non-R Associate Members, Sustaining Members, and Annual Members. Section 2. The Corporate Members shall consist of Ss named the articles of incorporation, and of such other persons as be chosen time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetin bea = the mendation of the Executive Committee; provided, that su the articles of incorporation shall, within ninety days from the adoption of tl By-Laws, and persons hereafter chosen as orporate Members { ninety days of their election, pay into the t treasury the sum of Twenty I Dol | paeenl E ) or more. oe rate Members becoming Life a Members shall be exempt from dues. Annual meetings of Manders shall be held at the same place and on the same day that the a meeting of the Board of Trustees is held. Section 3. Honorary Members shall be chosen by the Board from D persons who have rendered eminent service to age and only upon nomination of the Executive Committee. They shall be exempt yo all Section 4. Patrons shall be chosen by the Board upon the Executive Committee from among persons who have fon vice to the Museum. Li beang be exempt from all dues, jn Kr virtue of election as Patrons, shall be Corporate Members. Section 5. An ) myony contributing or devising the sum of One E Thousand Dollars ($100,000.00) in cash, or securities, or property to the fe of the Museum, may be elected a Benefactor of the Museum. SEcTIoN 6. Corresponding Members shall be chosen by the Board from scientists or patrons of science residing in foreign countries, who render i service to the Museum. They shall be elected by the Board of Trustees at | of its meetings. They shall be exempt from all dues and shall enjoy all ¢ Section 7. Any person contributing to the Museum One Thousand D ($1,000.00) or more in cash, securities, or material, may be elected a Contr of the Museum. Contributors shall be exempt from all dues and cy all courtesies of the Museum. Section 8 Any person ng into the treasury the sum Dollars ($500.00) at any one t l, upon the unanimous become a Life Member. Life Members shall be exempt from enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are bers of the of Trustees. Any person residing attr the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of One ($100.00) at any one time, shall, u the unanimous vote of a Non-Resident Life Member. on-Resident Life Mem from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies are accorded to mem of Trustees. Section 9. Any $100.00) at any onetime, shall upon One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) at any one time become an Associate Member. Associate seahers ak and shall be entitled to tickets admitting Member and ate mi ing non- meres te eno petites fae Ss Ge period of their membership, if so reserved seats for all lectures a 296 AMENDED By-LAWS 297 ‘ainments under the auspices of the Museum, provided reservation is requested in advance; and admission of holder of membership and accompanying party to all special exhibits and Museum functions day or evening. Any person residing fifty ‘niles or more from the city of Chicago, paying into the treasury the sum of Fifty Dollars ($50.00) at any one time, shall, upon the unanimous vote of the Board, yecome a Non-Resident Associate Member. Non-Resident Associate Members shall be exempt from all dues, and shall enjoy all the privileges and courtesies of the Museum that are accorded to Associate Members. | SECTION 10. Sustaining Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of Twenty-five Dollars ($25.00), payable within thirty days after notice of election and within thirty days after each recurring annual date. This Sustaining Membership entitles the member to free admission for the Member and family to the Museum on any day, the Annual Report and such xther Museum documents or publications issued during the period of their mem- pership as may be requested in writing. When a Sustaining Member has paid the annual fee of $25.00 for six years, such Member shall be entitled to become an Associate Member. _ SECTION 11. Annual Members shall consist of such persons as are selected from time to time by the Board of Trustees at any of its meetings, and who shall pay an annual fee of Ten Dollars ($10.00), payable within thirty days after ‘each recurring annual date. An Annual Membership shall entitle the Member to a card of admission for the Member and family during all hours when the Museum is open to the public, and free admission for the Member and family to all Museum lectures or entertainments. This membership will also entitle hee holder to the courtesies of the membership privileges of every Museum of note in the United States and Canada, so long as the existing system of co-operative interchange of membership tickets shall be maintained, including tickets for any lectures given under the auspices of any of the Museums during a visit to the cities ‘in which the co-operative museums are located. ) SECTION 12. All membership fees, excepting Sustaining and Annual, shall hereafter be applied to a permanent Membership Endowment Fund, the interest i only of which shall be applied for the use of the Museum as the Board of Trustees ‘may order. ARTICLE II BOARD OF TRUSTEES | SECTION 1. The Board of Trustees shall consist of twenty-one members. The respective members of the Board now in office, and those who shall here- after be elected, shall hold office during life. Vacancies occurring in the Board ‘shall be filled at a regular meeting of the Board, upon the nomination of the Executive Committee made at a preceding regular meeting of the Board, by a “majority vote of the members of the Board present. | SECTION 2. Regular meetings of the Board shall be held on the third Mon- jday of the month. Special meetings may be called at any time by the President, and shall be called by the Secretary upon the written request of three Trustees. /Five Trustees shall constitute a quorum, except for the election of officers or the adoption of the Annual Budget, when seven Trustees shall be required, but meet- ings may be adjourned by any less number from day to day, or to a day fixed, previous to the next regular meeting. SECTION 3. Reasonable written notice, designating the time and place of holding meetings, shall be given by the Secretary. | ARTICLE III HONORARY TRUSTEES | SEcTION 1. As a mark of respect, and in appreciation of services performed 7 i for the Institution, any Trustee who by reason of inability, on account of change of residence, or for other cause or from indisposition to serve longer in ‘such capacity shall resign his place upon the Board, may be elected, by a majority of those present at any regular meeting of the Board, an Honorary Trustee for life. ‘Such Honorary Trustee will receive notice of all meetings of the Board of Trustees, whether regular or special, and will be expected to be present at all such meetings 1 298 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL History—ReEports, VOL. 12 and participate in the deliberations thereof, but an Honorary Trustee shall n have the right to vote. ARTICLE IV OFFICERS Section 1. The officers shall be a President, a First Vice-Presic Second Vice-President, a Third Vice-President, a Secre ,an Assistant S . and a Treasurer. They shall be chosen by ballot by t : majority of those present and voting being necessary to elect. The P the First Vice-President, the Second Vice-President, and the bn Vie dent shall be chosen from among the members of the Board of Trustees. meeting for the election of officers shall be held on the third Monday of Ja of each year, and shall be called the Annual Meeting. SecTION 2. The officers shall hold office for one year, or until their ceasors are elected and qualified, but any officer may be removed at any meeting of the Board of Trustees by a vote of two-thirds of all the members the Board. Vacancies in any office may be filled by the Board at any n Section 3. The officers shall perform such duties as ordinaril to their respective offices, and such as shall be prescribed by the By- Laws, designated from time to time by the Board of Trustees. ARTICLE V THE TREASURER Section 1. The Treasurer shall be custodian of the funds of the ration except as hereinafter provided. He shall make disbursements only 1 warrants drawn by the Director and countersigned by the President. absence or inability of the Director, warrants may be signed by the of the Finance Committee, and in the absence or inability of the President, = countersigned by one of the Vice-Presidents, or any member of the Fi ommittee. Section 2. The securities and muniments of title belonging to the ration shall be placed in the custody of some Trust Company of Ch be designated by the Board of Trustees, which Trust Company shall the income and principal of said securities as the same become due, and same to the Treasurer, except as hereinafter provided. Said Trust shall allow access to and deliver any or all securities or muniments of title to joint order of the following officers, namely: the President or one of the V ents, jointly with the Chairman, or one of the Vice-Chairmen, of the F Committee of the Museum. The President or any one of the Vice-F jointly with either the Chairman or any one of the other members of the F Committee, are authorized and empowered (a) to sell, assign and transfer whole or in part the securities owned by or registered in the name of Field Mt of Natural History, and, for that purpose, to endorse certificates in blank or a named person, appoint one or more attorneys, and execute such other insti ments as may be necessary, and (b) to cause any securities belon to this Ce ration now, or acquired in the future, to be held or registered in name orp of a nominee or nominees designated by them. Section 3. The Treasurer shall give bond in such amount, and with sureties as shall be approved by the Board of Trustees. shall be C SECTION 4. Ue he Ry Bank of Chi todian of “The N. Harris Public School Extension of Museum” f The bank shall com ‘disbursements only upon warrants drawn the Di and countersigned by the President. In the absence or inability of the D warrants may be signed by the Chairman of the Finance Committee, and in t absence or r inability of the President, may be countersigned by one aa the V ts, or any member of the Finance Committee. ARTICLE VI THE DIRECTOR SECTION 1. The Board of Trustees shall elect a Director of the Mus who shall remain in office until his successor shall be elected. He shall h ‘a! AMENDED By-LAWS 299 mediate charge and supervision of the Museum, and shall control the operations of the Institution, subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees and its Com- mittees. The Director shall be the official medium of communication between the Board, or its Committees, and the scientific staff and maintenance force. SECTION 2. There shall be four scientific Departments of the Museum— Anthropology, Botany, Geology,and Zoology; each under the charge of a Chief Curator, subject to the authority of the Director. The Chief Curators shall be appointed by the Board upon the recommendation of the Director, and shall serve during the pleasure of the Board. Subordinate staff officers in the scientific Depart- ments shall be appointed and removed by the Director upon the recommendation of the Chief Curators of the respective Departments. The Director shall have authority to employ and remove all other employees of the Museum. SECTION 3. The Director shall make report to the Board at each regular “meeting, recounting the operations of the Museum for the previous month. At the Annual Meeting, the Director shall make an Annual Report, reviewing the work for the previous year, which Annual Report shall be published in pamphlet form for the information of the Trustees and Members, and for free distribution in such number as the Board may direct. ARTICLE VII THE AUDITOR SECTION 1. The Board shall appoint an Auditor, who shall hold his office during the pleasure of the Board. He shall keep proper books of account, setting forth the financial condition and transactions of the Corporation, and of the ‘Museum, and report thereon at each regular meeting, and at such other times as may be required by the Board. He shall certify to the correctness of all bills rendered for the expenditure of the money of the Corporation. ARTICLE VIII COMMITTEES SECTION 1. There shall be five Committees, as follows: Finance, Building, Auditing, Pension, and Executive. SECTION 2. The Finance Committee shall consist of six members, the Auditing and Pension Committees shall each consist of three members, and the Building Committee shall consist of five members. All members of these four Committees shall be elected by ballot by the Board at the Annual Meeting, and ‘shall hold office for one year, and until their successors are elected and quali- fied. In electing the members of these Committees, the Board shall designate the Chairman and Vice-Chairman by the order in which the members are named in the respective Committee; the first member named shall be Chair- man, the second named the Vice-Chairman, and the third named, Second Vice- Chairman, succession to the Chairmanship being in this order in the event of the absence or disability of the Chairman. SECTION 3. The Executive Committee shall consist of the President of the Board, the Chairman of the Finance Committee, the Chairman of the Building Committee, the Chairman of the Auditing Committee, the Chairman of the Pension Committee, and three other members of the Board to be elected by ballot at the Annual Meeting. SECTION 4. Four members shall constitute a quorum of the Executive Com- mittee, and in all standing Committees two members shall constitute a quorum. Tn the event that, owing to the absence or inability of members, a quorum of the regularly elected members cannot be present at any meeting of any Com- mittee, then the Chairman thereof, or his successor, as herein provided, may summon any members of the Board of Trustees to act in place of the absentee. SECTION 5. The Finance Committee shall have supervision of investing the endowment and other permanent funds of the Corporation, and the care of such real estate as may become its property. It shall have authority to invest, sell, and reinvest funds, subject to the approval of the Board. SECTION 6. The Building Committee shall have supervision of the con- struction, reconstruction, and extension of any and all buildings used for Museum purposes. 300 FreLp MUSEUM OF NATURAL HisTorRY—ReEPoORTS, VOL. 12 Section 7. The Executive Committee shall be called together from to time as the Chairman may consider necessary, or as he may be rec to do by three members of the Committee, to act upon such matters af the administration of the Museum as cannot await consideration at the FB Monthly Meetings of the Board of Trustees. It shall, before the begingr each fiscal year, prepare and submit to the Board an itemized Budget, forth the probable receipts from all sources for the ensuing year, and mi recommendations as to the expenditures which should be made for re maintenance and fixed oem. Upon the adoption of the Budget by Board, the expenditures stated are authorized. Section 8 The Auditing Committee shall have supervision over all counting and bookkeeping, and full control of the financial records. It al cause the same, once each year, or oftener, to be examined by an expert vidual or firm, and shall transmit the report of such expert individual or to the Board at the next ensuing regular meeting after such examination have taken place. Section 9. The Pension Committee shall determine by such means | processes as shall be established by the Board of Trustees to whom and in © amount the Pension Fund shall be distributed. These determinations or fi shall be subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees. SecTION 10. The Chairman of each Committee shall report the acts a proceedings thereof at the next ensuing regular meeting of the SECTION 11. The President shall be ex-officio a member of all Commit and Chairman of the Executive Committee. Vacancies occurring in any Co mittee may be filled by ballot at any regular meeting of the Board. ARTICLE IX NOMINATING COMMITTEE SECTION 1. At the November meeting of the Board each year, a Ni nating Committee of three shall be chosen by lot. Said Committee shall nominations for membership of the Finance Committee, the B tee, the Auditing Committee, and the Pension Committee, and for bers of the Executive Committee, from among the Trustees, to be subm at the ensuing December meeting and voted upon at the following An Meeting in January. ARTICLE X SecTIOoN 1. Whenever the word “Museum” is employed in the By- the Corporation, it shall be taken to mean the building in which the Mus as an Institution is located and — the material exhibited, the m ’ study collections, or in storage, furniture, fixtures, cases, tools, record and all appurtenances of the Institution and the workings, researches, inst tions, expenditures, field work, laboratories, library, publications, lecture cow and all scientific and maintenance activities. Section 2. These By-Laws may be amended at any regular meeting of Board of Trustees by a two-thirds vote of all the members present, prov the amendment shall have been proposed at a preceding regular meeting. ) BEQUESTS Bequests to Field Museum of Natural History may be made in ecurities, money, books or collections. They may, if desired, take he form of a memorial to a person or cause, to be named by the iver. For those desirous of making bequests to the Museum, the ollowing form is suggested: FORM OF BEQUEST I do hereby give and bequeath to Field Museum of Natural listory of the City of Chicago, State of Illinois, Contributions made within the taxable year to Field Luseum of Natural History to an amount not in excess of 5 per cent of the taxpayer’s net income are allowable as eductions in computing net income for federal income 1x purposes. Endowments may be made to the Museum with the rovision that an annuity be paid to the patron during his r her lifetime. These annuities are guaranteed against uctuation in amount and may reduce federal income taxes. 301 FOUNDER Marshall Field* BENEFACTORS Those who hare contributed $100,000 or more lo the Museum Ayer, Edward E.* a ech we . Norman W.* ae Miss Higinbotham, Harlow N.* Crane, Cornelius Kelley, William V.* Crane, R. T., Jr.* Field, Joseph N. ° Pullman, George M. ‘ » Sanler Rawson, Frederick H.* Ra d, Mrs. Anna Graham, Ernest R.* Toaien * Dechasnp HONORARY MEMBERS Those who have rendered eminent service lo Science Cutting, C. Suydam Ladwigy B H. R. Fhe Roosevelt, Field, Stanley McCormick, Stanley * Harris, Albert W. Roosevelt, Kermit PATRONS Those who have rendered eminent service to the Museum Armour, Allison V. Ellsworth, Duncan S. Calderini, Charles J. Field, Mrs. Stanley Chadbourne, Bite BBY Faek, Frederick C. Chancellor, . Philip M. en ee Cherrie, Vernon Shaw Collins, Alfred M. se Kaien Sunt Chores R. Cutting, C. Suydam Moore, Mrs. William H. Day, Lee Garnett Probst, Edward Deecmasen, 1940 Cummings, Mrs. Robert F. 302 CORRESPONDING MEMBERS—CONTRIBUTORS 303 CORRESPONDING MEMBERS Scientists or patrons of science, residing in foreign countries, who have rendered eminent service to the Museum reuil, Abbé Henri oristensen, Dr. Carl iels, Dr. Ludwig $75,000 to $100,000 hancellor, Philip M. $50,000 to $75,000 ‘eep, Chauncey* osenwald, Mrs. Augusta N.* | $25,000 to $50,000 ‘dams, Mrs. Edith _Almy* Jackstone, Mrs. Timothy B.* oats, John* rane, Charles R.* jield, Mrs. Stanley nes, Arthur B.* turphy, Walter P. orter, George F.* ‘osenwald, Julius* ernay, Arthur S. Vhite, Harold A. stmour, Allison V. iE t:* ‘hadbourne, Mrs. Emily Crane ‘halmers, William J.* Jonover, Boardman eed Ri .* outting, C. Suydam DeEcEASED y | $10,000 to $25,000 stmour, Hochreutiner, Dr. B. P. Georges Humbert, Professor Henri CONTRIBUTORS in money or materials Everard, R. T.* Gunsaulus, Dr. F. W.* Insull, Samuel* Laufer, Dr. Berthold* Lufkin, Wallace W. McCormick, Cyrus (Estate) McCormick, Stanley Mitchell, John J.* Reese, Lewis* Robb, Mrs. George W. Rockefeller Foundation, The Sargent, Homer E. Schweppe, Mrs. Charles H.* Straus, Mrs. Oscar Strong, Walter A.* Wrigley, William, Jr.* $5,000 to $10,000 Adams, George E.* Adams, Milward* American Friends of China Avery, Sewell L. Bartlett, A. C.* Bishop, Heber (Estate) Borland, Mrs. John Jay* Crane, R. T.* Doane, J. W.* Field, Dr. Henry Fuller, William A.* Graves, George Coe, II* Keissler, Dr. Karl Keith, Professor Sir Arthur Those who have contributed $1,000 to $100,000 to the Musewm Harris, Hayden B. Harris, Norman Dwight Harris, Mrs. Norman W.* Hutchinson, C. L.* Keith, Edson* Langtry, J. C. MacLean, Mrs. M. Haddon Mandel, Leon Moore, Mrs. William H. Payne, John Barton* Pearsons, D. K.* iRonter pees res Ream, Norman B.* Revell, Alexander H.* Salie, Prince M. U. M. Sprague, A. A.* Strawn, Silas H. Thorne, Bruce Tree, Lambert* $1,000 to $5,000 Avery, Miss Clara A.* Ayer, Mrs. Edward E.* Barrett, Samuel E.* Bensabott, R., Inc. Blair, Watson F.* Blaschke, Stanley Field Block, Mrs. Helen M.* Borden, John Chalmers, Mrs. William J.* Chicago Zoological Society, The Crane, Mrs. R. T., Jr. 304 FreLp Museum or Natura. History—Reports, Vou. 12 Cammy, ag ge "tae “a ra. Pad mre Lee Li Yon Doering, 0. C. Lerner, Mic Fish, Mrs. Frederick S. Look, Alfred A. : Mandel, Fred L., Jr Graves, Hen amy, Jt an , George* inate ute teat ° rmick, br Hi rr McCormick. Mrs. Cyrus* ae "Mo Mitchell, Giarenen Hill, James J.° Ogden, Mrs ae E.° oe gg Lg Osgood, Dr. “Wilfred H. man Palmer, Potter H Thomas 8. Patten, Henry J. —— Huntington W.* Prentice, Mrs ames, $. L. Clarence C. CORPORATE MEMBERS Armour, “poarenny V. Slswerth, Danenstt Probst, Edward Avery, Sewell L. Blair, W. McCormick Pia a Block, Leo d E. Field, ore Borden, J n ey Field, Mrs. Stanley Hack, Frederick C. Hancock, G. Allan Harris, Albert W. Insull, Samuel, Jr. Byram, Harry FE. Calderini, Charles J. Chadbourne, Mrs. Emily Crane Chancellor, Philip M. + aang“ H.C. Cherrie, K. enna ‘Alfred Mt Kennedy, Vernon Shaw — ’ <-> siter J. Knight, Charles R. Cutting, C. Suydam McCulloch, Charles A. Mitchell, William H. Moore, Mrs. William H. Dectasmm, 1940 Cummings, Mrs. Robert F. Day, Lee Garnett Dick, Albert B., Jr. LIFE MEMBERS Those who hare contribuled $500 to the Museum — John Jay Asher, Louis E. Adler, Max Avery, Sewell L. Allerton, Robert H. Ames, James C. Babson, Henry B q _ Bacon, Edward Armour, A. Watson Richardson, Jr Banks, : Beceberts Miss Gracia 3lair, Chauncey B. 3lock, Leopold E. 3lock, Philip D. 300th, W. Vernon 3orden, John 3orland, Chauncey B. 3rassert, Herman A. 3rewster, Walter S. 3rown, Charles Edward 3rowne, Aldis J. 3uchanan, D. W. 3udd, Britton I. 3urnham, John 3urt, William G. 3utler, Julius W. 3utler, Rush C. 3yram, Harry E. Hirenter, Augustus A. Jarpenter, Mrs. Hubbard Carpenter, Mrs. John _ Alden Carr, George R. Sarr, Robert F. can Walter S. Casalis, Mrs. Maurice Chatfield-Taylor, Wayne Clark, Eugene B. Clegg, William G. Clegg, Mrs. William G. Clow, William E. Collins, William M. Conover, Boardman Cook, Mrs. Daphne Field ‘Corley, F. D. Cramer, Corwith ‘Crossett, Edward C. ed Lady Josephine Crossley, Sir Kenneth Crowell, H. P. Cudahy, Edward A. Cudahy, Edward A., Jr. Cudahy, Joseph M. Cummings, Walter J. Cunningham, Frank S. Cunningham, James D. Cushing, Charles G. ‘Dawes, Charles G. Dawes, Henry M. Decker, Alfred ‘Delano, Frederic A. Dick, Albert B., Jr. ‘Dierssen, Ferdinand W. Dixon, Homer L. Donnelley, Thomas E. Doyle, Edward J. ‘Drake, John B. Durand, Scott S. LIFE MEMBERS Edmunds, Philip S. Ely, Mrs. C. Morse Epstein, Max Everitt, George B. Ewing, Charles Hull Farnum, Henry W. Farr, Newton Camp Farr, Miss Shirley Farwell, Arthur L. Farwell, John V. Farwell, Walter Haye. Ca Ni Fenton, Howard W. Fentress, Calvin Fernald, Charles Field, Joseph N. Field, Marshall Field, Norman Field, Mrs. Norman Field, Stanley Field, Mrs. Stanley Gardner, Robert A. Gartz, A. F., Jr. Gary, Mrs. John W. Gilbert, Huntly H. Glore, Charles F. Goodspeed, Charles B. Gowing, J. Parker Hack, Frederick C. Hamill, Alfred E. Hamill, Mrs. Ernest A. Harris, Albert W. Harris, Norman W. Hastings, Samuel M. Hayes, William F. Hecht, Frank A., Jr. Heineman, Oscar Hemmens, Mrs. Walter P. Hibbard, Frank Hickox, Mrs. Charles V. Hill, Louis W. Hinde, Thomas W. Hixon, Robert Hopkins, J. M. Hopkins, L. J. Horowitz, L. J. Hoyt, N. Landon Hughes, Thomas 8. Hutchins, James C. Insull, Martin J. Insull, Samuel, Jr. Jarnagin, William N. Jelke, John F., Jr. Johnson, Mrs. Elizabeth yer Joiner, Theodore E. Jones, Miss Gwethalyn 305 Kelley, Russell P. Kidston, William H. King, Charles Garfield King, James G. Kirk, Walter Radcliffe Ladd, John Lamont, Robert P. Lehmann, E. J. Leonard, Clifford M. Leopold, Mrs. Harold E. Levy, Mrs. David M. Linn, Mrs. Dorothy C. Logan, Spencer H. Lowden, Frank O. Lytton, Henry C. MacDowell, Charles H. MacLeish, John E. MacVeagh, Eames Madlener, Mrs. Albert F. Marshall, Benjamin H. Mason, William S. McBain, Hughston M. McCormick, Harold F. McCormick, Stanley McCulloch, Charles A. McCutcheon, John T. McGann, Mrs. Robert G. Mcellvaine, William B. McInnerney, Thomas H. McKinlay, John McLaughlin, Frederic McLennan, D. R. McNulty, T. J. Meyer, Carl Meyne, Gerhardt F. Mitchell, William H. Moore, Edward S. Morse, Charles H. Morton, Mark Munroe, Charles A. Murphy, Walter P. Newell, A. B. Nikolas, G. J. Ormsby, Dr. Oliver S. Orr, Robert M. Paesch, Charles A. Palmer, Honore Palmer, Potter Patterson, Joseph M. Payson, George S. Peabody, Stuyvesant Pick, Albert Pike, Charles B. Pike, Eugene R. Poppenhusen, Conrad ple Porter, Gilbert E. Prentice, Mrs. Clarence C. 306 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL History—Reports, VOL. 12 Raymond, Mrs, Anna oo u Reynolds, Arthur Reynolds, Earle H. Riley, Harrison B. Rinaldo, Mrs. Philip S. Robinson, Theodore W. Robson, Miss Alice an, Mrs. Katherine Rodman, Thomas Clifford Rosenwald, William Russell, Edmund A. n, Edward L., Jr. Schweppe, Charles H. Scott, Harold N. Simpson, Smith, Alexander Abbott, Robert S. Chalmers, Mrs. William J. Davies, Mrs. D. C. Dawes, Rufus C. NON-RESIDENT LIFE MEMBERS Those, residing fifty miles or more from the cily of Chicago, who have Clas, Miss Mary Louise Coolidge, Harold J., Jr. Copley, Ira Cliff Ellis, Ralph Gregg, John Wyatt contributed $100 to the Museum Hearne, Knox Stephens, W. C. Johnson, Herbert F.,Jr. “Egeeeme Rosenwald, Lessing J. Vernay, Arthur S. Siebel, Emil A. Zerk, Oscar U. Smith, Solomon A. Spalding, Keith Spalding, Vaughan C. Sprague, Albert A. Sprague, Mrs. Albert A. Stewart, Robert W. Stirton, Robert C. Strawn, Silas H. Stuart, Harry L. Stuart, John Uihlein, Edgar J. Underwunal Sturges, Geo Sunny, B. E. Swift, Charles H. Swift, G. F., Jr. Swift, Harold H. Thorne, Charles H. Thorne, Robert J. Tree, Ronald L. F. Tyson, Russell DeCRASED, 1940 Ferguson, Louis A. Knickerbocker, harles K. Noel, Joseph R. Reynolds, George M. Valentine, Louis L. ASSOCIATE MEMBERS ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Those who have contributed $100 to the Museum -\aron, Charles \aron, Ely M. ‘\bbott, Donald Putnam, Jr. ‘Abbott, Gordon C. . Abbott} Guy H. ‘Abbott, W. Rufus Abbott, William L. \brahamsen, Miss Cora ‘\brams, Duff A. Ackerman, Charles N. ‘Adamick, Gustave 181, ‘Adams, Benjamin Stearns Adams, Mrs. Charles S. Slams, Mrs. David T. Adams, Mrs. Frances __ Sprogle Adams, Miss Jane Adams, John Q. Adams, Joseph Adams, Mrs. 8. H. t Adams, Mrs. Samuel dams, William C. Adamson, Henry T. “Adcock, Mrs. Bessie ‘Adie, David dler, Mrs. Max ‘Affleck, Benjamin F. ; Ahlschlager, Walter W. Albee, Mrs. Harry W. Alden, William T. Idis, Graham Alexander, Mrs. Arline V. Alexander, Edward ford, Mrs. Laura T. C. Allen, Mrs. Fred G. Allensworth, A. P. Alsip, Charles let. Alsip, Mrs. Charles H. Alter, Harry Alton, Carol W. Ames, Rev. Edward 8. Andersen, Arthur Anderson, Miss Florence _ Regina Andreen, Otto C. ‘Andrews, Mrs. E. C. Andrews, Milton H. Anstiss, George P. Appelt, Mrs. Jessie E. ‘Armbrust, John T. Armbruster, Charles A. Armour, A. Watson, III ‘Armour, Laurance H. ‘Armour, Philip D. Armstrong, Mrs. Julian Armstrong, Kenneth E. Arn, W. G. Arnold, Mrs. Lloyd Artingstall, Samuel Gros dies Ascher, Fred Ashby, W. B. Ashcraft, Raymond M. Ashenhurst, Harold S. Atkinson, Charles T. Atwater, Walter Hull Aurelius, Mrs. Marcus A. Austin, E. F. Austin, Henry W. Avery, George J. Baackes, Mrs. Frank Babb, W. E Babson, Mrs. Gustavus Bachmann, Mrs. Harrold A. Bachmeyer, Dr. Arthur C. Bacon, Dr. Alfons R. Badger, Shreve Cowles Baer, Mervin K. Baer, Walter S. Baggaley, William Blair Baird, Harry K. Baker, Mrs. Alfred L. Baker, G. W. Baker, Greeley Baldwin, Mrs. Katharine W. Baldwin, Vincent Curtis Balgemann, Otto W Balkin, Louis Ball, Dr. Fred E. Ball, Sidney Y. Ballard, Mrs. Foster K. Ballenger, A. G Banes, W. C. Banks, Edgar C. Bannister, Miss Ruth D. Bantsolas, John N. Barber, Phil C. Barbour, James J. Bargquist, Miss Lillian D Barkhausen, L. H. Barnes, Cecil Barnes, Mrs. Charles Osborne Barnes, James M. Barnett, Otto R. Barnhart, Mrs. A. M. Barnum, Harry H. Barr, Mrs. Alfred H. Barrett, Mrs. A. M. Bartelme, John H. Bartholomae, Mrs. Emma Bartholomay, F. H. Bartholomay, Henry Bartholomay, Mrs. William, Jr. Bartlett, Frederic C. Barton, Mrs. Enos M. Basta, George A. Bastian, Charles L. Bateman, Floyd L. Bates, Mrs. A. M. Bates, Joseph A. Battey, Paul L. Bauer, Aleck Baum, Mrs. James E. Baum, Wilhelm Bausch, William C. Beach, Miss Bess K. Beach, E. Chandler Beachy, Mrs. P. A. Beachy, Mrs. Walter F. Beatty, H. W. Becker, Benjamin F. Becker, Benjamin V. Becker, Frederick G. Becker, Herman T. Becker, James H. Becker, Louis Becker, Louis L. Beddoes, Hubert Behr, Mrs. Edith Beidler, Francis, II Bell, Mrs. Laird Bender, Charles J. Benjamin, Jack A. Benner, Harry Bennett, Professor J. Gardner Bennett, Reid M. Benson, John Benson, Mrs. Thaddeus R. Bentley, Arthur Bentley, Mrs. Cyrus Benton, Miss Mabel M. Berend, George F. Berger, Dr. John M. Berkowitz, Dr. J. G. Berkson, Mrs. Maurice Berryman, John B. Bersbach, Elmer S. Bertol, Miss Aurelia Bertschinger, Dr. C. F. Besly, Mrs. C. H. Bettman, Dr. Ralph B. Bevan, Dr. Arthur Dean Bichl, Thomas A. Biddle, Robert C. 308 FreLp MuseuM oF NaTuURAL History—ReEportTs, VOL. . Bidwell, Charles W. iehn, Dr. J. F. Billow, Elmer Ellsworth Billow, Miss Virginia Fran , James Bittel, Mra. Frank J. wet Edward 9 a Ble burn, Oliver A Blackman, Nathan a Blair, M. Barbour Blair, W. McCormick Blair, Wolcott Blake, Tiffan Blatchford, Carter =~ Dr. Frank Blayney, Thomas C. wey Dr. Robert a Ty ny Block? Phile D- D., Jr. Bloom, Mra Leopold Bloas, Mrs. Sidney M. Blum, David Blum, Harry H. Blunt, J. E., Jr. Bluthardt, Edwin Boal, Ayres ow Niels Boericke, Mrs. Anna Boettcher, Arthur H. Bohassec Brai Bramble, Delhi G. C. Brand, Mra. Maude G. Brand, Mra. Rudolf Brandes, A. G. Brandt, Charles H. Bransfield, tg 4 Brauer, Mra. P ee Prodemce ceuat Harry A. Bremner, Mrs. David F., Jr. Brendecke, Miss June Brennan, Mrs. George E. Brennemann, Dr. Joseph Brennwasser, S. M. B tr, Mrs. Theodor Brown, al Everett C. Brown, John T. Brown, Dr. Joshua M. wn, Mark A. Brown, Scott Brucker, Dr. Edward A. Bruckner, William T. Brugman, John J. Brundage, Avery renewick, Larry Carpenter, Miss Rosalie Sturges, II Carpenter, W. W. S. Carqueville, Mrs. A. R. ‘Carr, Mrs. Clyde M. Carroll, John A. Carry, Joseph C. Carter, Mrs. Armistead B. Carton, Alfred T. Cary, Dr. Eugene Casselberry, Mrs. William | Evans, Sr. Cassels, Edwin H. Castle, Alfred C. Castruccio, Giuseppe Cates, Dudley Cernoch, Frank Chandler, Henry P. Chapin, Henry Kent Chapin, William Arthur Chapman, Arthur E. Chappell, Mrs. Charles H. Cheney, Dr. Henry W. Peery, Walter L., Jr. Childs, Mrs. C. _ Frederick Childs, Mrs. George W. ‘Chinnock, Mrs. Ronald J. Chisholm, George D. Chislett, Miss Kate E. Christiansen, Dr. Henry Chritton, George A. -Churan, Charles A. Clark, Ainsworth W. Clark, Miss Alice Keep Clark, Charles V. “Clark, Miss Dorothy S. Clark, Mrs. Edward S. Clark, Edwin H. Clark, Lincoln R. Clark, Dr. Peter S. Clarke, Charles F. Clarke, Harley L. Clay, John ~Clemen, Dr. Rudolf A. Cleveland, Paul W. Clinch, Duncan L. Clithero, W. S. -Clonick, Seymour E. a William H. Clow, Mrs. Harry B. Clow, William E., Jr. Cochran, John L. Coffin, Fred Y. Cohen, George B. Cohen, Mrs. L. Lewis Colburn, Frederick S. ‘Colby, Mrs. George E. Coldren, Clifton C. Coleman, Clarence L., Jr. Coleman, Dr. George H. Coleman, Loring W. ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Colianni, Paul V. Collins, Beryl B. Collison, E. K. Colvin, Miss Catharine Colvin, Miss Jessie Colvin, Mrs. William H. Colwell, Clyde C. Compton, Mrs. Arthur H. Compton, D. M. Compton, Frank E. Condon, Mrs. James G. Conger, Miss Cornelia Connell, P. G. Conners, Harry Connor, Mrs. Clara A. Connor, Frank H. Cook, Miss Alice B. Cook, Mrs. David 8. Cook, Jonathan Miller Cooke, Charles E. Cooke, Miss Flora Cooke, Leslie L. Coolidge, Miss Alice Coolidge, E. Channing Coolidge, Dr. Edgar D. Coombs, James F. Coonley, John Stuart Coonley, Prentiss L. Cooper, Samuel Copland, David Corbett, Mrs. William J. Cornell, Dr. Edward L. Cosford, Thomas H. Coston, James E. Cowan, Mrs. Grace L. Cox, James A. Cox, James C. Cox, Mrs. Rensselaer W. Cox, William D. Cragg, Mrs. George L. Crane, Charles R., II Crego, Mrs. Dominica S. Crerar, Mrs. John Crilly, Edgar Cromer, Clarence EK. Cromwell, Miss Juliette Clara Crowder, Dr. Thomas R. Cubbins, Dr. William R. Cudahy, Edward I. Culbertson, Dr. Carey Cummings, Mrs. D. Mark Cummings, Mrs. Frances S. Cuneo, John F. Cunningham, John T. Curran, Harry R. Curtis, Austin Guthrie, Jr. Curtis, Mrs. Charles S. 309 Curtis, Miss Frances H. Cusack, Harold Cushman, A. W. Cushman, Barney Cutler, Henry E. Cuttle, Harold E. Dahlberg, Bror G. Daily, Richard Daley, Harry C. Dalmar, Mrs. Hugo Dalmar, Hugo, Jr. Dammann, J. F. Danforth, Dr. William C. Dangel, W. H. Dantzig, Leonard P. Darlington, Joseph F. Darrow, Paul E. Dashiell, C. R. Daughaday, C. Colton Davey, Mrs. Bruce C. David, Dr. Vernon C. Davidonis, Dr. Alexander L. Davidson, David W. Davidson, Miss Mary E. Davies, Marshall Davis, Arthur Davis, Brode B. Davis, C..S. Davis, Dr. Carl B. Davis, Frank S. Davis, Fred M. Davis, James Davis, Dr. Loyal Davis, Dr. Nathan Sho IMM Dawes, E. L. DeAcres, Clyde H. Deahl, Uriah S. Deane, Mrs. Ruthven Decker, Charles O. DeCosta, Lewis M. DeDardel, Carl O. Dee, Thomas J. Deery, Thomas A., Jr. Degen, David DeGolyer, Robert S. DeKoven, Mrs. John DeLee, Dr. Joseph B. DeLemon, H. R. Demaree, H. S. Deming, Everett G. Dempster, Mrs. Charles W. Deneen, Mrs. Charles 8. Denison, Mrs. John Porter Denkewalter, W. E. Denman, Mrs. Burt J. Dennehy, Thomas C., Jr. Denney, Ellis H. 310 FreELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL History—REportTs, VOL. 12 Dennis, Charles H. DesIsles, Mrs. Carrie L. Deutsch, Mrs. Percy L. DeVries, David DeVries, Peter Dick, Edison Dick, Elmer J. Dick, Mrs. Homer T. Dickey, oe Dickinson, F. R. Dickinson, Robert B. Dickinson, Mrs. Thompson Diehl, Harry L. Diestel, Mrs. Herman Dikeman, Aaron Butler Dimick, Miss Elizabeth Dixon, Alan C. Dixon, George W., Jr. Doctor, Isidor Dodge, Mrs. Paul C. Doering, Mrs. Edmund J., Jr. Doering, Otto C. Doerr, William P., Sr. Doetsch, Miss Anna Dole, Arthur Dolese, Mrs. John Donker, Mrs. William Donlon, Mrs. Stephen E. Donnelley, Gaylord Donnelley, Mrs. H. P. Donnelley, Miss Naomi Donnelly, Frank Donohue, Edgar T. Douglas, James H., Jr. Douglass, Kingman Douglass, Mrs. W. A. Drake, Lyman M. Dreyfus, Mrs. Moise Dryden, Mrs. George B. Dubbs, C. P. Dudley, Laurence H. Dugan, Alphonso G. Dulany, George W., Jr. Dulsky, Mrs. Samuel Dunbaugh, Harry J. Duncan, Albert G. Duner, Dr. Clarence S. Duner, Joseph A. Dunham, John H. Dunham, Miss Lucy Bell e Dunham, Robert J. Dunlop, Mrs. Simpson Dunn, Samuel O. Dupee, Mrs. F. Kennett Durbin, Fletcher M. Easterberg, C. J. Eastman, Mrs. George H. Ebeling, Frederic O. Eckhart, Mrs. B. A. Faulkner, Miss Elizak Eckhart, Percy B. Faurot, Henry Eckstein, Mrs. Louis Faurot, Henry, Jr. Eddy, George A. Fay, Miss M. Eddy, Thomas H. Edwards, Miss Edith E. Edwards, Kenneth P. Egan, William B. Felix, amin B. Egloff, Dr. Gustav hee 2 liam K. Ehrman, Edwin H. Felsenthal, Eichengreen, Edmund K. George Eisendrath, Edwin W. Feltman, Charles H. Eisendrath, Miss Elsa B. Fennekohl, Mrs. EFisendrath, Robert M. Arthur C. Eisendrath, William B. Eisenschiml, Mrs. Otto Eisenstaedt, Harry Hisenstein, Sol a Max Slenbogen, Herman Elich, Robert William Elibogen, Albert L. Ellbogen, Miss Celia Elliott, Frank R. Ellis, Howard Elting, Howard Emery, Edward W. Engberg, Miss Ruth M. Engel, EF. J. Engel, Miss Henrietta Engstrom, Harold Erdmann, Mrs. C. Pardee Erickson, Donovan Y. Ericson, Mrs. Chester F. Ericsson, Clarence Ericsson, Dewey A. Ericsson, Henry Ericsson, Walter H. Ernst, Mrs. Leo Erskine, Albert DeWolf Etten, Henry C. Eustice, Alfred L. Evans, Miss Anna B. Evans, Mrs. David Evans, David J. Evans, Eliot H. Evans, Evan A. Ewen, William R. T. Fabian, Francis G. Fabrice, Edward H. Fabry, Herman Fackt, Mrs. George P. Fader, A. L. Faget, James E. erty, Roger Fahrenwald, Frank A. Faithorn, Walter E. Falk, Miss Amy Farrell, Mrs. B. J. Faulkner, Charles J., Jr. Folonie, Folsom, Mrs. Richa Foote, Forch, Mrs. John F Mrs. Foster, Volney Fowler, Miss Elizabeth Fox, Charles E. Fox, Jacob Logan Fox, Dr. Paul C. Fox, Dr. Philip Frank, Arthur A. Frank, Dr. Ira Frank, Mrs. Joseph K. Frankenstein, William B. Frankenthal, Dr. Lester abe Franklin, Mrs. George De Haven Frazer, Mrs. George E. Freedman, Dr. I. Val Freeman, Charles Y. Freer, Archibald E. Freiler, Abraham J. French, Dudley K. Frenier, A. B. Freudenthal, G. S. Frey, Charles Daniel Freyn, Henry J. Fridstein, Meyer Friedlander, Jacob Friedlich, Mrs. Herbert Friedman, Mrs. Isaac K. Friend, Mrs. Henry K. Friestedt, Arthur A. Frisbie, Chauncey O. Frost, Mrs. Charles Sumner Fuller, Mrs. Charles Fuller, Mrs. Gretta Patterson Fuller, Judson M. Furry, William S. Furst, Eduard A. - Gabathuler, Miss Juanita Gabriel, Adam Gaertner, William Gale, G. Whittier Gale, Henry G. Gall, Charles H. iirall, Harry T. Gallagher, Mrs. John J. Gallup, Rockwell Galt, Mrs. A. T. Gamble, D. E. Gamble, James A. Gann, David B. Gansbergen, Mrs. F. H. Garcia, Jose Garden, Hugh M. G. _ Gardiner, Mrs. John L. _ Gardner, Addison L. Gardner, Addison ie, dr. Gardner, Henry A. Gardner, Mrs. James P. ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Garrison, Dr. Lester E. Gately, Ralph M. Gates, Mrs. L. F. Gawne, Miss Clara V. Gay, Rev. A. Royal Gaylord, Duane W. Gear, H. B. Gehl, Dr. W. H. Gehrmann, Felix Geiger, Alfred B. Geiling, Dr. E. M. K. Gentz, Miss Margaret Nina George, Mrs. Albert B. Georgs, Fred W. Gerber, Max Gerding, R. W. Geringer, Charles M. Gerngross, Mrs. Leo Gettelman, Mrs. Sidney H. Getz, Mrs. James R. Getzoff, I. B. Gibbs, Dr. John Phillip Gibson, Dr. Stanley Gidwitz, Alan K. Gielow, Walter C. Gifford, Mrs. Frederick C. Gilbert, Miss Clara C. Gilchrist, Mrs. John F. Gilchrist, Mrs. William Albert Giles, Carl C. Giles, Mrs. Guy H. Gillette, Mrs. Ellen D. Gillson, Louis K. Ginther, Miss Minnie C. Girard, Mrs. Anna Glaescher, Mrs. G. W. Glasgow, H. A. Glasner, Rudolph W. Godehn, Paul M. Goedke, Charles F. Goehst, Mrs. John Henry Goes, Mrs. Arthur A. Golden, Dr. Isaac J. K. Goldenberg, Sidney D. Goldfine, Dr. Ascher H.C. Golding, Robert N. Goldsmith, Mitchel Goldstein, Nathan S. Goldstine, Dr. Mark T. Goldy, Walter I. Goltra, Mrs. William B. Goode, Mrs. Rowland T. Gooden, G. E. Goodman, Benedict K. Goodman, Mrs. Milton F. Goodman, W. J. Goodman, William E. 311 Goodwin, Clarence Norton Goodwin, George S. Gordon, Miss Bertha F. Gordon, Harold J. Gordon, Dr. Richard J. Gordon, Mrs. Robert D. Gorrell, Mrs. Warren Gradle, Dr. Harry S. Graf, Robert J. Graff, Oscar C. Graham, Douglas Graham, E. V. Graham, Miss Margaret H. Gramm, Mrs. Helen Granger, Mrs. Everett J. Grant, James D. Grant, John G. Graves, Howard B. Grawoig, Allen Gray, Dr. Earle Green, Miss Mary Pomeroy Green, Robert D. Greenburg, Dr. Ira E. Greene, Henry E. Greenebaum, James I. Greenebaum, M. E., Jr. Greenlee, Mrs. William Brooks Greenman, Mrs. Earl C. Gregory, Clifford V. Gregory, Mrs. Robert B. Gregory, Stephen Sky dite. Gregory, Tappan Gressens, Otto Grey, Charles F. Grey, Dr. Dorothy Griest, Mrs. Marianna L. Griffenhagen, Mrs. Edwin O. Griffith, Mrs. Carroll L. Griffith, E. L. Griffith, Mrs. William Griffiths, George W. Grimm, Walter H. Griswold, Harold T. Grizzard, James A. Gronkowski, Rev. C. I. Groot, Cornelius J. Groot, Lawrence A. Gross, Henry R. Grossman, Frank I. Grotenhuis, Mrs. William J. Grotowski, Dr. Leon Gruhn, Alvah V. Grulee, Lowry K. Grunow, Mrs. William C. Guenzel, Louis 312 Fre.p Museum or NaTtuRAL History—Reports, Vou. 12 Guest, Ward E. Gundlach, Ernest T. Gunthorp, Walter J. Gurley, Helen K. Gwinn, William R. — F. Walter S. . Mrs. Samuel Hale, William B. Hall, David W. Halperin, Aaron Hamill, Charles H. Hamill, Mrs. Ernest A. Hamill, Robert W. Hamlin, Paul D. Hamm, Fred B. Hammerschmidt, Mrs. Geo F Hammitt, Miss Harding, John Cowden Harding, Richard T. Hardinge, Franklin Harms, Van Deursen Harper, Alfred C. rs. = Harwood, Thomas W. Haskell, Mrs. George E. Haynie, Miss Rachel W. Hays, Mrs. Arthur A. Ha t, Arthur J. Hazlett, Dr. William H. Healy, Vincent Jerrems Heaney, Dr. N. Sproat Heaton, Harry E. Herman C. “eg 7 Henry E. Heide, John H., Jr. Heidke, Herman L. Heiman, Marcus Heine, Mrs. Albert Heineman, Oscar Heinzelman, Karl Heinzen, Mrs. Carl Hejna, Joseph F. Heldmaier, Miss Marie Helfrich, J. Howard Heller, Albert Heller, John A. Heller, Mrs. Walter E. Hellman, George A. Hellyer, Walter Hemple, Miss Anne C. Henderson, Thomas B. G. Henkel, Frederick W. Henley, Dr. Eugene H. Hennings, Mrs. Abraham J. Henry, Huntington B. Henry, Otto Henschel, Edmund C. Henshaw, Mrs. Raymond S. Herrick, Charles E. Herrick, Miss Louise Herrick, Walter D. Hottinger, Adolph Howard, Willis G. Howe, Clinton W. Howe, Mrs. Pierce Lyman Howe, Warren D. Howe, William G. Howell, Albert S. Howell, William Howes, Mrs. Frank W. Howse, Richard G. Hoyne, Thomas Temple Hoyt, Mrs. Phelps B. Hubbard, George W. Huber, Dr. Harry Lee Hudson, Mrs. H. Newton Hudson, Walter L. Huey, Mrs. A. S. Huff, Thomas D. Hufty, Mrs. F. P. Huggins, Dr. Ben H. Hughes, George A. Hughes, John E. Hughes, John W. Hulbert, Mrs. Milan H. Hume, John T. Humphrey, H. K. Huncke, Herbert S. Huncke, Oswald W. Hunter, Samuel M. Hurley, Edward N., Jr. Huston, Ward T. Huszagh, R. LeRoy Huszagh, Ralph D. Hutchinson, Foye P. Hutchinson, Samuel S. ‘Hyatt, R. C. Ickes, Raymond Idelman, Bernard Ig, Robert A. Inlander, Samuel Trons, Dr. Ernest E. Isaacs, Charles W., Jr. Isham, Henry P. Ives, Clifford E. Jackson, Allan Jackson, Archer L. Jacobi, Miss Emily C. Jacobs, Hyman A. Jacobs, Julius ‘ames, Edward P. ‘ames, William R. Jackson, Mrs. Arthur S. Jackson, Miss Laura E. ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Jameson, Clarence W. Janusch, Fred W. Jaques, Mrs. Louis Tallmadge Jarchow, Mrs. C. E. Jarchow, Charles C. Jarratt, Mrs. Walter J. Jeffries, F. L. Jenkins, David F. D. Jenkins, Mrs. John E. Jenkinson, Mrs. Arthur Gilbert Jenks, William Shippen Jennings, Ode D. Jennings, Mrs. Rosa V. Jerger, Wilbur Joseph Jetzinger, David Jirka, Dr. Frank J. Jirka, Dr. Robert H. John, Dr. Findley D. Johnson, Alvin O. Johnson, Arthur L. Johnson, H. C. Johnson, Mrs. Harley Alden Johnson, Isaac Horton Johnson, Joseph M. Johnson, Nels E. Johnson, Mrs. O. W. Johnson, Olaf B. Johnson, Philip C. Johnston, Arthur C. Johnston, Edward R. Johnston, Mrs. Hubert McBean Johnston, Mrs. M. L. Johnstone, George A. Jones, Albert G. Jones, G. Herbert Jones, James B. Jones, Dr. Margaret M. Jones, Melvin Jones, Miss Susan E. Jones, Warren G. Joseph, Mrs. Jacob G. Joseph, Louis L. Joy, Guy A. Joyce, Joseph Judson, Clay Juergens, H. Paul Julien, Victor R. Junkunc, Stephen Kaercher, A. W. Kahn, Gus Kahn, J. Kesner Kahn, Louis Kaine, James B. Kane, Jerome M. Kanter, Jerome J. Kaplan, Nathan D. Karcher, Mrs. Leonard D. Karpen, Michael Kasch, Frederick M. Kaspar, Otto Katz, Mrs. Sidney L. Katzenstein, Mrs. George P. Katzin, Frank Kauffman, Mrs. R. K. Kauffmann, Alfred Kaufmann, Dr. Gustav L. Kavanagh, Clarence H. Kavanagh, Maurice F. Kay, Mrs. Marie E. Keefe, Mrs. George I. Keehn, George W. Keene, Mrs. Joseph Keeney, Albert F. Kehl, Robert Joseph Keith, Stanley Kelker, Rudolph F., Jr. Kellogg, John L. Kelly, Edward T. Kelly, Mrs. Haven Core Kemp, Mrs. E. M. Kemper, Hathaway G. Kempner, Harry B. Kempner, Stan Kendall, Mrs. Virginia H. Kendrick, John F. Kennedy, Mrs. E. J. Kennedy, Miss Leonore Kennedy, Lesley Kennelly, Martin H. Kent, Dr. O. B. Keogh, Gordon E. Kern, H. A Kern, Trude Kersey, Glen B. Kerwin, Edward M. Kesner, Jacob L. Kestnbaum, Meyer Kiessling, Mrs. Charles S. Kile, Miss Jessie J. Kimball, Mrs. Curtis N. Kimball, William W. Kimbark, Mrs. Eugene Underwood Kimbark, John R. King, Joseph H. Kingman, Mrs. Arthur G. Kinsey, Frank Kinsey, Robert S. Kintzel, Richard Kirchheimer, Max Kirkland, Mrs. Weymouth Kitchell, Howell W. Kittredge, R. J. Kitzelman, Otto Klein, Arthur F. Klein, Henry A. 314 Fretp Museum oF NATURAL History—Reports, VOL. 12 Klein, Mrs. Samuel es Dr. Henry H. K rs. Harry jpeg William H. Kleutgen, Dr. Arthur C. Kline, Sol Klinetop, Mrs. Ch w. Knopf, Andrew J. — Mrs. Stephen R. Kohler, Eric L. Kohlsaat, Edward C. Komiss, David Ss. Kons , Alvin V. Kopf, Miss Isabel Kosobud, William F. Kuehn, A. L. Kuh, Mrs. Edwin J., Jr. Kuh, George FE. Kunstadter, Sigmund W. n Trolele Kurfess, Joh Kurtzon, Morris pert, Ww. Lanahan, Mrs. M. J. Lashley, Mrs. Karl S. Lasker, Albert D. Lau, Max Lauren, Newton B. Leavens, Theodore Leavitt, Mrs. Wellington Lebold, Foreman N. Lebold, Samuel N. Lebolt, John Michael Lederer, Dr. Francis L. Lee, David Arthur Lee, Mrs. John H. S. Lefens, Miss Katherine J. Lefens, Walter C. mann, Miss Au » . Mayo Leonard, Arthur G. 72 qui H Madlener, Otto Magan, Miss Jane A. Magerstadt, Madeline Magill, Henry P. Magill, John R. Magnus, Albert, Jr. Magnuson, Mrs. Paul Maher, Mrs. D. W. Main, Walter D. Malone, William H. Manaster, Harry Mandel, Mrs. Aaron W. Mandel, Edwin F. Mandel, Mrs. Emanuel Mandel, Miss Florence Mandel, Mrs. Robert Manegold, Mrs. Frank W. Manierre, Francis FE. Manierre, Louis Manley, John A. Mann, Albert C. Mann, John P. Manning, Miss Cordelia Ann Marcus, Maurice S. Mark, Mrs. Cyrus Marks, Arnold K. Marquart, Arthur A. Marquis, A. N. Marsh, A. Fletcher Marsh, John MeWilliams, II Marsh, Mrs. John P. Marsh, Mrs. Marshall S. Martin, Mrs. Franklin H. Martin, George F. Martin, Samuel H. Martin, W. B. Martin, Wells Marx, Frederick Z. Marzluff, Frank W. Marzola, Leo A. Mason, Willard J. Massee, B. A. Massena, Roy Massey, Peter J. Masterson, Peter Mathesius, Mrs. Walther Matson, J. Edward Matter, Mrs. John Maurer, Dr. Siegfried Maxwell, Lloyd R. | bee Frank 19); oo Mrs. Herbert G. Mayer, Herman J., Jr. Moser: Isaac H. Mayer, Oscar F. Mayer, Oscar G. Mayer, Theodore S. cAllister, Sydney G. cArthur, Billings M. McAuley, John E. ASSOCIATE MEMBERS McBirney, Mrs. Hugh J. McCahey, James B. McCarthy, Edmond J. McCarthy, Joseph W. McClun, John M. McCord, Downer miebeanetl Professor Harry McCormick, Mrs. Alexander A. McCormick, Mrs. Chauncey McCormick, Fowler McCormick, Howard H. McCormick, Leander J. McCormick, RobertH.,Jr. McCoy, Herbert N. McCrea, Mrs. W. S. McCready, Mrs. E. W. McCreight, Miss Gladys Alizabeth McCreight, Louis Ralph McDonald, E. F., Jr. McDonald, Lewis McDougal, Mrs. James B. McDougal, Mrs. Robert McDougall, Mrs. Arthur R. McErlean, Charles V. McGarry, John A. McGraw, Max McGuinn, Edward B. McGurn, Mathew S. McHugh, Mrs. Grover McIntosh, Arthur T. McIntosh, Mrs. Walter G. McKenna, Dr. Charles H. McKinney, Mrs. Hayes MecLaury, Mrs. C. W. McMenemy, L. T. McMillan, James G. MeMillan, John McMillan, W. B. MeMillan, William M. McNamara, Louis G. McNamee, Peter F. MeNulty, Joseph D. McQuarrie, Mrs. Fannie MeVoy, John M. Mead, Dr. Henry C. A. Medsker, Dr. Ora L. Melcher, George Clinch Melendy, Dr. R. A. Melnick, Leopold B. Merrell, John H. Merriam, Miss Eleanor Merrill, William W. Merz, Edward E. Metz, Dr. A. R. Meyer, Mrs. A. H. Meyer, Abraham W. 315 Meyer, Albert Meyer, Charles Z. Meyer, Sam R. Meyer, William Meyercord, George R. Meyers, Erwin A. Michaels, Everett B. Midowicz, C. E. Milburn, Miss Anne L. Milhening, Frank Miller, Miss Bertie E. Miller, Charles B. Miller, Mrs. Clayton W. Miller, Mrs. Donald J. Miller, Mrs. F. H. Miller, Hyman Miller, John S. Miller, Mrs. Olive Beaupre Miller, Osear C. Miller, Mrs. Phillip Miller, R. T. Miller, Walter E. Miller, William S Mills, Allen G. Mills, Fred L. Mills, John, Sr. Mills, Mrs. William S. Miner, Dr. Carl S. Miner, H. J. Minotto, Mrs. James Minturn, Benjamin FE. Mitchell, George F. Mitchell, John J. Mitchell, Mrs. John J. Mitchell, Leeds Mitchell, Oliver Mock, Dr. Harry Edgar Moderwell, Charles M. Moeling, Mrs. Walter G. Moeller, Rev. Herman H. Moffatt, Mrs. Elizabeth M. Moist, Mrs. Samuel FE. Molloy, David J. Moltz, Mrs. Alice Monheimer, Henry I. Monroe, William 8. Montgomery, Dr. Albert H. Moore, C. B. Moore, Paul Moore, Philip Wyatt Moos, Joseph B. Moran, Brian T. Moran, Miss Margaret Morey, Charles W. Morf, F. William Morgan, Alden K. Morgan, Mrs. Kendrick E. Morris, Edward H. 316 Fretp MUSEUM OF NATURAL History—ReEports, VOL. 12 Morris, Mrs. Seymour Morrison, Mrs. C. R. Morrison, Mrs. Charles E. Morrison, Mrs. Harry Morrison, James C. Morrison, Matthew A. Morrisson, James W. Morse, Mrs. Charles J. Morse, Leland R. Morse, Mrs. Milton Morse, Robert H. Mortenson, Mrs. Jacob Morton, Sterling Morton, William Morris Moses, Howard A. Moss, Jerome A. Mouat, Andrew J. Mowry, Louis C. Moyer, Mrs. Paul S. Mudge, Mrs. John B. Muehlstein, Mrs. Charles Mueller, Austin M. Mueller, Miss Hedwig H. Mueller, J. Herbert Mueller, Paul H. Mulford, Miss Melinda Jane Mulhern, Edward F. Naber, Henry G. Nadler, Dr. Walter H. Naess, Sigurd E. Nahigian, Sarkis H. Neely, Mrs. Lloyd F. Nehls, Arthur L. Neilson, Mrs. Francis Nellegar, Mrs. Jay C. Nelson, Arthur W. Nelson, Charles G. Nelson, Donald M. Nelson, Murry Nelson, N. J. Nelson, Victor W. Netcher, Mrs. Charles Neu, Clarence L. Neuffer, Paul A. Neumann, Arthur E. Newhall, R. Frank Newhouse, Karl Newman, Mrs. Albert A. Newman, Charles H. Nichols, Mrs. George R. Nichols, Mrs. George R., JY. Nichols, J. C. Nichols, S. F. Nicholson, Thomas G. Nilsson, Mrs. Goodwin M. Nitze, Mrs. William A. Noble, Samuel R. Nollau, Miss Emma Noonan, Edward J. Norman, Harold W. Norris, Mrs. Lester Norton, R. H. Novak, Charles J. Noyes, A. H. Noyes, Allan S. Noyes, David A. Noyes, Mrs. May Wells Nusbaum, Mrs. Hermien D. Nyman, Dr. John Egbert Oates, James F. Oberfelder, Herbert M. Oberfelder, Walter S. O'Brien, Frank J. O’Brien, Miss Janet Odell, William R. Odell, William R., Jr. Off, Mrs. Clifford Offield, James R. Oglesbee, Nathan H. O'Keefe, Mrs. Dennis D. Olcott, Mrs. Henry C. Oldefest, Edward G. O'Leary, John W. Oliver, eG. Oliver, Mrs. Paul Olsen, Miss Agnes J. Olson, Gustaf Olson, Rudolph J. Oppenheimer, Alfred ig Eg Mrs. 7 D. : Orndoff, Dr. Benjamin H. O'Rourke, een Orthal, A. J. Ortmayer, Dr. Marie Osborn, Mrs. Gertrude L. Osborn, Theodore L. Ostrom, Mrs. James Au us Otis, Sanford Otis, Joseph E. Otis, Joseph Edward, Jr. Otis, Ralph C. Otis, Stuart Huntington Ouska, John A. Overton, George W. Peacock, Walter C. Pearl, Allen S. Albert, Jr. Peck, Dr. David B. Peet, Mrs. Belle G. Peirce, Albert E. Pelley, John J. Peltier, M. F. PenDell, Charles W. Percy, Dr. Nelson ortimer Pflaum, A. Pflock, Dr. Phelps, Mason Phelps, Mrs. W. Phemister L. Boe Phillips, Dr. Herbert Morrow Phillips, Mervyn C. Picher, Mrs. Oliver S. Pick, Albert, Jr. Pick, Frederic G. Pierce, J. Norman Pierce, Paul, Jr. Pierson, Joseph B. Pink, Mrs. Ira M. Pirie, Mrs. John T. Pitcher, Mrs. Henry L. Pitzner, Alwin Frederick Plapp, Miss Doris A. Platt, Mrs. Robert 8. Plunkett, William H. Pobloske, Albert C. Podell, Mrs. Beatrice Hayes Pohn, Jacob 8. Polk, Mrs. Stella F. Pollock, Dr. Harry L. Pomeroy, Mrs. Frank W. Pontius, Mrs. Taylor Pool, Marvin B. Poole, Mrs. Frederick Arthur Poole, George A. Poole, Mrs. Ralph H. Poor, Fred A. Pope, Frank Pope, Henry Pope, Herbert Poppenhagen, Henry J. Porter, Mrs. Frank S. Porter, Henry H. Porter, Mrs. Sidney S. Porterfield, Mrs. John F. Post, Frederick, Jr. Post, Mrs. Philip Sidney Pottenger, William A. Pottenger, Miss Zipporah Herrick Prahl, Frederick A. Pratt, Mrs. William E. Prentice, John K. Primley, Walter S. Prince, Rev. Herbert W. Prince, Leonard M. Proxmire, Dr. Theodore Stanley Prussing, Mrs. R. E. Puckey, F. W. Pulver, Hugo Purcell, Joseph D. Purcey, Victor W. Purdy, Sparrow E. Putnam, Miss Mabel C. Pyterek, Rev. Peter H. Quick, Miss Hattiemae ‘Quigley, William J. ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Raber, Franklin Racheff, Ivan Radau, Hugo Radford, Mrs. W. A., Jr. Radniecki, Rev. Stanley Raff, Mrs. Arthur Raftree, Miss Julia M. Railton, Miss Frances Ramis, Leon Lipman Randall, Rev. Edwin J. Randall, Irving Randle, Mrs. Charles H. Raney, Mrs. R. J. Rankin, Miss Jessie H. Raymond, Mrs. Howard D. Razim, A. J. Reach, Benjamin F. Reach, William Redfield, William M. Redington, F. B. Reed, Mrs. Frank D. Reed, Mrs. Kersey Coates Reed, Mrs. Lila H. Reed, Norris H. Reed, Mrs. Philip L. Reeve, Mrs. Earl Reffelt, Miss F. A. Regan, Mrs. Robert G. Regenstein, Joseph Regensteiner, Theodore Regnery, William H. Reich, Miss Annie Reichmann, Alexander F. Reid, Mrs. Bryan Remy, Mrs. William Renshaw, Mrs. Charles Renwick, Edward A. Rew, Mrs. Irwin Reynolds, Harold F. Reynolds, Mrs. J. J. Rice, Arthur L. Rice, Mrs. Charles R. Rice, Laurence A. Rich, Elmer Rich, Harry Richards, J. DeForest Richards, Marcus D. Richardson, George A. Richardson, Guy A. Richter, Mrs. Adelyn W. Rickcords, Francis 8. Ricketts, C. Lindsay Ridgeway, Ernest Ridgway, William Riemenschneider, Mrs. Julius H. Rieser, Leonard M. Rietz, Elmer W. Rietz, Walter H. Ring, Miss Mary E. Ripstra, J. Henri 317 Ritchie, Mrs. John Rittenhouse, Charles J. Roberts, Mrs. John Roberts, John M. Roberts, Dr. S. M. Roberts, Shepherd M. Roberts, Mrs. Warren R. Roberts, William Munsell Robson, Miss Sarah C. Roche, Miss Emily Roderick, Solomon P. Rodgers, Dr. David C. Rodman, Thomas Clifford Roehling, Mrs. Otto G. Roehm, George R. Roesch, Frank P. Rogers, Miss Annie T. Rogers, Mrs. Bernard F. Rogers, Dr. Cassius C. Rogers, Edward S. Rogers, Joseph E. Rogers, Walter A. Rogerson, Everett E. Rolfes, Gerald A. Rolnick, Dr. Harry C. Romer, Miss Dagmar E. Root, John W. 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SeipP» Edwin A., Jr. aoe , William C. Sello, George W. Sencenbau Seng, Fran Shaffer, Carroll Shaffer, Charles B. Shambaugh, Dr.GeorgeF. Shanahan, Mrs. dos E. Shaw, Theodore A. ; Sheldon, James M. Shelton, Dr. W. Eugene Shepherd, Mrs. Edith P. aie Mrs. Francis ray = A Sherman, Mrs. W. W. Shields, James Culver Shillestad, — N. Short, Miss Shirley Jane Shoup, A. D. Shumway, Mrs. Edward DeWitt Sidley, William P. Specie —e "wing H. | aera der, A. I. Silberman, Charles Silberman, David B. Silberman, Hubert S. Sills, Clarence W. Silverthorne, George M Simond, Robert E. Simonds, Dr. a 1 oy Sisskind, Louis , Mrs. C. W. aan ae E. A. : mit rs. Emery Smith, Mrs. Frank S. | Smith, Franklin P. Smith, Harold Byron Smith, Mrs. Hermon Sith Paul C. Smith, Samuel K. Stanton, Edgar Stanton, Henry T. Starbird, Miss Myrtle I. Stark, Mrs. Harold Starrels, Joel Stearns, Mrs. Richard I. Stebbins, Fred J. Steele, W. D. Steffey, David R. Stein, Benjamin F. Stein, Dr. Irving Stein, L. 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ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Swanson, Joseph E. Swartchild, Edward G. Swartchild, William G. Swenson, S. P. O. Swett, Robert Wheeler Swiecinski, Walter Swift, Mrs. Alden B. Swift, Edward F., Jr. Sykes, Mrs. Wilfred Sylvester, Miss Ada I. Taft, John H. Taft, Mrs. Oren E. Tarrant, Robert Tatge, Mrs. Gustavus J. Taylor, Frank F. Taylor, George Halleck Taylor, Herbert J. Taylor, J. H. Taylor, L. S. Teagle, EH. W. Templeton, Stuart J. Templeton, Walter L. Templeton, Mrs. William Terry, Foss Bell Teter, Lucius Thatcher, Everett A. Theobald, Dr. John J. Thomas, Emmet A. Thomas, Mrs. Florence T. Thomas, Frank W. Thomas, Dr. William A. Thompson, Arthur H. Thompson, Charles E. Thompson, Edward F. Thompson, Floyd E. Thompson, Fred L. Thompson, Dr. George F. Thompson, Mrs. John R. Thompson, John R., Jr. Thorne, Hallett W. Thorne, James W. Thornton, Dr. Francis E. Thorp, Harry W. Thresher, C. J. Thulin, F. A. Tibbetts, Mrs. N. L. Tighe, Mrs. Bryan G. Tilden, Averill Tilden, Louis Edward Tilt, Charles A. 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Vogl, Otto Volicas, Dr. John N. VonColditz, Dr. G. Thomsen- vonGlahn, Mrs. August Voorhees, Mrs. Condit Voorhees, H. Belin Voynow, Edward E. Wager, William Wagner, Fritz, Jr. Walgreen, Mrs. Charles R. Walker, James Walker, Mrs. Paul Walker, Samuel J. Walker, William E. Wallace, Walter F. Waller, James B., Jr. 320 FreLpD Museum or NATURAL History—Reports, VoL. 12 Wallerich, George W. Wallovick, J. H. Walsh, Miss Mary Walther, Mrs. 8S. 3. Arthur Ward, Edwin J. Ward, Mra. N. C. Wares, Mra. Helen Worth Warfield, Edwin A. Warner, Mra. John Eliot Hempstead, Jr. Washington, = paar ead Watson bd illiam U Upton Watts, : Watzek, J. . W., Jr. Weiner, Weis, Samuel W. Weisbrod, Benjamin H. Weiss, Mrs. Morton Weissenbach, Mrs. Minna K. Weisskopf, Maurice J. — f, Dr. Max A. ra. Donald P. Wells, § Mrs Edward Wells, Arthur H. Preston A. ban Be Mrs. Thomas E. endell, Barrett Wandelt Misa Josephine A. Alling. Mrs. C. A. Mrs. Nathaniel en Pn Alfred S. Baumrucker, Charles F. Westerfeld, Simon Wesatrich, Miss T. C. Wetten, Albert H. Weymer, Earl M. Whealan, Emmett P Wheeler, Geo A. Wheeler, Leo W. Wheeler, Leslie M. Wheeler, Mrs. Robert C. Whinery, Charles C. White, Mrs. James C. White, James F. White, Joseph J. White, Richard T. White, Sanford B. White, Selden Freeman Whitehouse, Howard D. Whiting, Mrs. Adele H. Whiting, Lawrence H. Widdicombe, Mrs. R. A. Wieland, Charles J. Wieland, Mrs. George C. Wienhoeber, George V. Wilder, Harold, Jr. Wilder, Mrs. John E. Wilker, Mrs. Milton W. Wilkey, Fred S. Wilkins, Geo Lester Wilkins, Miss Ruth Wilkinson, Mrs. George Wilkinson, John C. Willey, Mrs. Charlies B. Williams, Miss Anna P. Willis, Willner, Benton Jack, Jr. Wills, H. E. Wilms, Hermann P. Wilson, Mrs. E. Crane Wilson, Miss Lillian M. Wilson, Morris Karl Dectasmp, 1940 SUSTAINING MEMBERS—-ANNUAL MEMBERS Sell Dennehy, Thomas C. Johnstone, Dr. Powell, Isaac N. Dixon, William Warren Mary M.S. Pusey, Dr. William Allen Dole, Andrew R. Drummond, James J. Kilbourne, L. B. Reeve, Frederick E. Kircher, Rev. Julius Ewell, C. D. Kritchevsky, Dr. Wolff Schlake, William Kroehl, Howard Sturges, Solomon Fuller, Leroy W. Lamson, W. A. Thompson, Mrs. Leverett Gallagher, Vincent G. Lawson, Arthur J. Thurber, Dr. Austin H. Gary, Fred Elbert Leistner, Oscar Gerts, Walter S. Lloyd, Edward W. Ware, Mrs. Charles Gillman, Morris Lownik, Dr. Felix J. Ware, Mrs. Charles W. Greenlee, James A. Lydon, Mrs. William A. Warren, J. Latham Wells, Thomas E. Harding, Charles F., Jr. Melchione, Joseph Wilder, Mrs. T. E. Harker, H. L. Williams, Dr. A. Howe, Charles Arthur Nash, Charles J. Wilberforce NON-RESIDENT ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Those, residing fifty miles or more from the city of Chicago, who have contributed $50 to the Museum Baum, Mrs. James Mitchell, W. A. Colby, Carl Niederhauser, Homer Day, Mrs. Winfield S. Phillips, Montagu Austin Meevers, Harvey Stevens, Edmund W. SUSTAINING MEMBERS Those who contribute $25 annually to the Museum Carney, Thomas J. Louis, Mrs. John J. Somers, Byron H. Chinlund, Miss Ruth E. Meisene ont, Stein, Sydney, Jr. Kurtz, W. 0. Peel, Richard H. Bribe Jone Lassers, Sanford Sawyer, Ainslie Y. Wade, Walter A. ANNUAL MEMBERS Those who contribute $10 annually to the Museum Abeles, Jerome G. Adler, Sidney Allen, Edwin D. Abrahams, Harry E. Agnew, H. D. Allen, Frank W. Achenbach, William N. Aishton, Richard H. Allen, John D. Adamowski, Benjmin S. Albert, Mrs. Lloyd G. Allen, W. B. Adams, A. J. Alessio, Frank Allin, Mrs. J. J. Adams, Cyrus H. Alexander, John F. Allman, George D. Adams, Harvey M. Alexander, William J. Alrutz, Dr. Louis F. Adams, Hugh R. Alford, Virgil E. Altheimer, Ben J. _ Adams, Dr. Walter A. Allen, Dr. A. V. Alton, Robert Leslie Addington, Mrs. JamesR. Allen, Amos G. Amberg, Harold V. 322 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Amberg, Miss Mary Agnes Amberson, Dr. Julius M. Austrian, Mrs. H. S. Auty, K. A Babbitt, Mrs. Ross M. Bachrach, Walter Bacon, Wilbur C. Bade, Mrs. William A. by, John C. 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Elkan, Leo H. Elliott, Dr. Clinton A. Elliott, Frank Osborne 324 Fretp Museum or NaTurAL History—Reports, VOL. 12 : Elliott, Mra. William A. Elliott, William 8S. Ellis, Alfred E. Ellis, Hubert C. Ellis, Ralph Elman, Henri Elmendorf, Armin Elmer, Dr. Raymond F. Elston, Mrs. 1. C., Jr. Elting, Winston Embree, Henry S. W., Jr. Erickson, Hubbard H. EtsHokin, Louis Eulass, E. A. Evans, Mra. Arthur T. Evana, F. B. Evers, John W., Jr. Fair, Mrs. a Filson, John D. Finney, Dr. William P. Fischer, Mra. Louis E. Fish, Mra. Sigmund C. Fisher, George F. Fisher, James G. Foote, Mra. Harley T. Forbes, Lester H. Forrest, Maulsby Foster, William S. Fowler, Mra. Earle B. Fowler, Edgar C. Fowler, Gordon F. Fowler, Walter E. Frank, Sidney Frankenthal, John V. Fraser, Norman D. Frazee, Seward C. Freeland, Dr. M. R. Fremont, Miss Ruby French, George W. French, Dr. Thomas M. d 7 d, Mrs. I. H. Friedberg, Dr. Stanton A. Frieder, Edward Friedlob, Fred M. Fuller, J. E. Fuller, William A. Fulton, Albert B. 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Johns, Mrs. K. V. Janovsky Johnson, B. W. Johnson, Edmund G. Johnson, Miss Kathryn M. Johnson, Miss Millie C. Johnston, A. J. Johnston, Mrs. Alfred B. Johnston, Mrs. W. Robert Johnstone, Mrs. Bruce Jones, Mrs. C. A Jones, Charles W. Jones, D. C. Jones, Howard B. Jones, Owen Barton Jordan, Dr. John W. Joseph, Albert G. Joy, James A. Julian, Frederick Kaczkowski, Dr. Joseph C. Kagan, Bernhard R. Kahlke, Dr. Charles E. Kahn, Jerome J. Kahn, Louis Kahn, Paul J. Kamin, E. J. Kampmeier, August G. Kanter, Dr. Aaron E. Kapche, William Kaplan, Benjamin G. Kaplan, Frank Karker, Mrs. M. H. 326 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistorY—ReEports, VOL. 12 Karpen, Leo Karstens, Norman V. Kart, Samuel Katz, Miss Jessie Katz, Solomon Katzenberger, Mrs. W. B. Kaufman, Mrs. J. Sylvan Kaumeyer, Mrs. E. A. Kay, Dr. Webster B. Keck, Mathew Keene, William J. Keim, Melville Kelley, Mrs. Phelps Kellogg, James G. Kellogg, John Payne Kelly, Charles Scott Kelly, Frank S. 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Stanley Nessler, Robert W. Newman, Charles H. Newman, Mrs. H. H. Newman, Mrs. Jacob Nickerson, J. F. Noble, Guy L. Nolte, Charles B. Norcott, Mrs. Ernest J. Nordstrum, George W. Norian, Morris Norris, Eben H. North, Mrs. F. S. Novy, Dr. B. Newton Nyquist, Carl Oberhelman, Dr. Harry A. Obermaier, John A. Obermeyer, Charles B. O’Brien, M. J. O’Brien, Miss Theresa J. Ochsner, Dr. Edward H. O’Donohue, Miss Anna Oelkers, Alfred H. Ogilvie, Alexander W. T. O’Hara, Arthur J. Oldberg, Dr. Eric Oleson, John P. Oleson, Philip H. Olin, Edward L. Olsen, Mrs. Arthur O. O’Neill, Dr. Eugene J. Oppenheimer, Seymour Orban, Dr. Balint Ormsby, Mrs. Frank E. Orschel, Albert K. Ossendorff, Dr. K. W. O’Toole, John F. Owen, Mrs. W. David Palmer, Robert F. Panosh, Roy W. Pardee, Harvey Parker, Austin H. Parkinson, Mrs. George H. Parmelee, Dwight S. Parsons, Bruce Parker, George 8. Pashkow, A. D. Patch, Mrs. G. M. Patterson, Grier D. Pauley, Clarence O. Paulsen, Arthur N. Paulson, Miss Christine Paulus, Mrs. M. G. 328 FreLD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HiIstorYy—REportTs, VOL. 12 Payne, Mrs. William R. Pebbles, Mrs. Grace M. Peck, William C. Peirce, Mrs. Clarence A. Pencik, Mrs. Miles F. Pentecost, Lewis J. Penticoff, M. C. Perry, Arthur C. Petersen, Thorvald Petrie, Dr. Scott Turner Pfaelzer, Mrs. Ellard L. Pfaelzer, Mrs. Monroe Pflager, Charles W. a Erastus R. Phibbs, Harry C. Phillips, L. A. Phillips, Howard C. Pick, Joseph Richard Pillsbury, Mrs. Charles S. Pirie, Mrs. Gordon L. t, . Place, F. E. Plamondon, Alfred D. Plummer, Comer Plummer, Daniel C., Jr. Pollock, Geo L. Pollock, Mrs. Lewis J. Pond, George F. Poore, William FE. Porter, John H Portis, Dr. Sidney A. Potter, Mrs. T. A. Powers, Mrs. George W. Poyer, Stephen A. Prentice, J. Rockefeller Preston, Fred A. Pretty, Royden K. Preus, Mrs. J. A. O. Price, Ernest B. Prindle, James H. Pritchard, N. H. Propp, M. H. Prosser, John A. Pruitt, Raymond S. Putnam, Rufus W. Puttkammer, E. 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Suomela, John P. Swift, T. Philip Swigert, H. A. Sykes, Aubrey L. Symmes, William H. Symon, Stow E. Talbot, Mrs. Eugene S., Jr. Tarrson, Albert J. Tatge, Paul W. Taylor, Robert F. Teare, W. C. Teller, George Thiebeault, C. J: Thiffault, A. E. Thirkield, D. D. 329 Thomas, James A. Thomas, Thomas J. Thomason, Mrs. S. E. Thompson, Ernest H. Thompson, Paul B. Thorek, Dr. Max Thornton, Randolph Throop, Mrs. George Enos Tieken, Theodore Todd, A. Todd, John O. Tonk, Percy A. Topping, John R. Tracy; S: W. Traver, George W. Treat, Mrs. Dana R. Tremain, Miss Eloise R. Trenkmann, Richard A. Trier, Robert Trude, Daniel P. Truman, Percival H. Tyler, Alfred C. Uhlemann, William R. Ullmann, Mrs. Albert I. Ulvestad, Dr. E. E. Urban, Andrew Utley, Mrs. Clifton M. Utley, George B. Utter, Mrs. Arthur J. VanHagen, Mrs. George E. VanPelt, H. C. Varty, Leo G. Velvel, Charles Versluis, Mrs. James J. Vierling, Mrs. Louis Vogel, Rudolph E. Vose, Mrs. Frederic P. Wachowski, Casimir R. Wacker, Fred G. Wadsworth, Robert W. Wagner, Richard Wagonseller, E. A. Waite, Roy E. Walcher, A. Waldeck, Herman Walker, Lee Wallace, Frank M. Wallach, Mrs. H. L. Waller, Mrs. Edward C. Wallgren, Eric M. Walpole, S. J. Walsh, R. A. Ware, Dr. R. A. Warner, Mason Warren, L. Parsons Warren, William G. Wasson, Theron 330 FreELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HistorY—ReEports, VOL. 12 Watkins, Frank A. Watkins, Frederick A. Watling, John Webb, Lew —_ eee May Wegner, Charles T., Jr. Weidert, William C. Weil, David Maxwell Weil, Edward S. Weiner, Charles LL mig ek Aaron Weiss, Lo Weiss Sigtried’ Weissbrenner, A. W. Weissenborn, Leo Julius Weist, Milton M. Welsh, William W. Wentworth, John Wentz, Peter Leland Wescott, Dr. Virgil Westbrook, Ira Wetmore, Mrs. Frank O. Wetmore, Horace O. Whedon, Miss Frances E. Alexander, Harry T. Barbour, Frank Brown, Mrs. Corabel K. Chandler, George M. Church, Mrs. Emma Coleman, Mrs. Adelbert E. Davis, R. Edward Whipple, Miss Velma D. White, Linn White, W. , Whitecotton, Dr. Geo Otis Whitelock, John B. Whitmore, Eugene Whitwell, J. E. ley ward N. Wilhelm, Frank Edward Willard, Nelson W. Willens, Joseph R. Williams, Charles Sneed Windes, Mrs. Frank A. Winship, Miss Florence S. Winston, Mrs. Farwell Winterbotham, John R. Dechasep, 1940 Fox, Mrs. Edward F. Fulton, D. B. Greenebaum, Mrs. Esther Hawkins, Harold E. Hibler, Mrs. Harriet E. Hodge, Thomas P. Decker, Hiram E. Reed, Rufus M. rHt »% 1941 | L 1 wOIS pavers) of Spencer, J. C. oes , sie) Ys Pay, ‘ ( . ) J i : \ # j i , . ‘ % ie Ny ig ; f ; ‘ ts MR a) } eine SON Hi < walt Vay ee iy} re - a eT wes PO Hare NW eR Ee ahemeane a seme mtem nt . no ihn ths ihe dae to van ane nenannne neat art aT) aot eatneth tn hr ; 4204954