Essex Institute Annual Report April 1, 1972 - March 31, 1973 OFFICERS David P. Wheatland (1955), President Charles S. Tapley (1949), Vice-President Albert Goodhue (1954), Secretary Edward H. Osgood (1969), Treasurer COUNCIL Term expires 1974 Mrs. Bertram K. Little (1959) Willoughby I. Stuart (1971) Charles S. Tapley (1949) Peter B. Seamans (1972) Term expires 197s Moses Alpers (1970) Edward C. Johnson, 3rd (1967) Richard S. West (1967) David P. Wheatland (1955) Term expires 1976 Mrs. W. Benjamin Bacon (1972) W. Hammond Bowden (1955) Robert W. Lovett (1970) Andrew Oliver (1971) *Robert S. Pirie Term expires 1977 J. Sanger Attwill (1953) Sargent Bradlee (1970) Ernest S. Dodge (1951) James R. Hammond (1968) Ex Officio Mrs. James A. Marsh, Chairman, Ladies Committee (October 1971 ) Dates after names indicate original election to the Council. * Elected May 15, 1973 307 308 ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS STANDING COMMITTEES LADIES Mrs. James A. Marsh, Chairman FINANCE Willoughby I. Stuart, Chairman Edward C. Johnson, 3rd Edward H. Osgood David P. Wheatland MUSEUM (June-October 1972) J. Sanger Attwill, Chairman Moses Alpers Mrs. John Hand James R. Hammond Edward C. Johnson, 3rd Mrs. B. K. Little Sargent Bradlee William B. Osgood Richard S. West LIBRARY Robert W. Lovett, Chairman Benjamin W. Labaree W. Hammond Bowden Kenneth B. Murdock Sargent Bradlee Charles S. Tapley David P. Wheatland MUSEUM (October 1972 - June 1973) J. Sanger Attwill, Chairman Sargent Bradlee Albert Goodhue Edward C. Johnson, 3rd Peter B. Seamans Edward H. Osgood, ex officio David B. Little, ex officio PUBLICATIONS W. Hammond Bowden, Chairman Kenneth B. Murdock Ernest S. Dodge Robert W. Lovett Andrew Oliver (September 1972) MAINTENANCE James R. Hammond, Chairman Albert Goodhue Ray K. Moore HONORARY CURATORS Honorary Curator of Silver Honorary Curator of Coins Honorary Curator of Costumes Honorary Curator of Dolls Honorary Curator of Essex County History Martha Gandy Fales Lea S. Luquer John R. Burbidge Madeline O. Merrill Samuel Chamberlain ANNUAL REPORT 1972-1973 309 STAFF David B. Little, Director and Managing Editor LIBRARY Mrs. Charles A. Potter Librarian Miss Mary M. Ritchie Assistant Librarian Mrs. Arthur R. Norton Reference Librarian Mrs. Thomas L. Haggerty, Jr. Manuscript Librarian * f Miss Judith F. Beston * f Miss Mary Elizabeth Copeland Miss Susan Frisch Library Assistants *j* Christopher Hassell Library Page EDUCATION Miss Mary Larsen MAINTENANCE Ray K. Moore Superintendent Wilfred J. Pelletier Assistant to Superintendent Mrs. Robert J. Beechey, Sr.1 Housekeeper Mrs. William Cook2 Assistant Housekeeper Mrs. Gregory Angelopolus3 Mrs. Caroline A. Gagnon4 Housekeepers * Leonard A. Carr5 * George R. Crowdis * Wallace L. Henshaw6 Richard H. Kiely7 Edward G. Leonard8 * Reginald M. Mclntire9 * Leon Morency10 Harold J. Shallow11 Constables MUSEUM * Mrs. Gilbert R. Payson Curator * Mrs. John Hassell Registrar Robert Egleston * John Hardy Wright Assistant Curators * Mrs. Emerson H. Lalone Assistant to the Curator * Miss Mary Huntley Assistant to the Registrar * Miss Mary Silver Smith Museum Assistant * f Miss Anne Farnam Textile Researcher *f Mrs. Gerald R. Ward Boston University American Studies Scholar * Mrs. Montgomery Merrill * Mrs. Ray K. Moore * f Miss Polly Roberts * j Miss Beth Carver *f Miss Ellen Shrigley *f Mrs. John Carr *f John Carr *f David Gavenda *f Charles David Todd House Guides Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Gibson, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Donald F. Hunt Mr. and Mrs. Ray K. Moore House Custodians ADMINISTRATION Charles A. Steward12 Administrator Miss Kathryn Burke Assistant Treasurer Mrs. M. K. Cunningham Administrative Secretary * Mrs. Irving J. Duffy Office Manager * Mrs. Hugh Nelson Mrs. D. Randall Williams Administrative Assistants * Rev. David W. Norton13 Supervisor on weekends * Part-time t Temporary 1. Taken ill July 3, 1972; died, May 29, 1973 2. Resigned October 1972 3. August 8, 1972 - June 8, 1973 4. August 8, 1972 5. October 10, 1972 6. Resigned June 1972 7. Resigned September 30, 1972 8. Resigned August 1972 9. June 6, 1972 10. Resigned June 10, 1972 11. October 3, 1972 12. January 1, 1973 13. October 1, 1972 The following reports were read at the Annual Meeting, May 15, 1973. The President and the Curator illustrated their talks with slides. They, along with the Librarian and Miss Larsen, have revised their texts, but not their messages, for publication. REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT It has been very active again at the Institute this year; however, I would like to go back a few years and call attention to the tremen¬ dous improvements that have been made possible by the completion in 1967 of the new construction accomplished by the magnificent efforts of Dean Fales and Albie Goodhue. It has been only six years, yet the library has been thinned out and rearranged, so now everything is readily accessible, and even many rare and valuable items were uncov¬ ered. From the generous Margaret H. Jewell Bequest, funds were avail¬ able to make other improvements. For the past two years or so, the attic in Daland House (the library building) was being renovated, a mile of bookshelves installed and partly filled. Also, a booklift that runs from the basement to all five floors was added. This device is literally an essential one. We have, over the period, frequently referred to the mounting and matting of the 3,000 to 4,000 prints; but besides this, 5,000 glass plate negatives of New England and vicinity and about 7,000 early broad¬ sides have also been recatalogued and carefully placed in large folders. This monumental task has rescued these objects from inaccessible and unsafe storage and placed them in surroundings worthy of their quality. In the museum section, a great deal of sorting and reordering was done. One of the latest efforts was undoing quantities of packages of textiles, which revealed everything from little pieces left by the moths to the most magnificent shawls. Those worth preserving are now beau¬ tifully spread out in drawers, easily identified by their delightful cam¬ phor smell. Military uniforms and associated equipment are just now in the works; and of course, the new storage for the marvelous costumes and dresses, described to you last year, is now completed. Furthermore, during these few years back, the Assembly House on Federal Street re¬ ceived gifts of money large enough to pay for its restoration and open¬ ing as a museum. The redecorating and furnishing was done with care and taste, which took considerable planning and effort by the museum staff and the Museum Committee. 310 ANNUAL REPORT 1972-1973 311 These are just a few headlines of the activities undertaken by our small staff here. To me, the accomplishment of so much in just these six years is nothing short of incredible. One of the subjects mentioned last year was whether we should con¬ sider the sale of our large folio of Audubon Birds. The answer is not easy, by any means, but the problem did arouse enough concern to create a committee, with some members outside the Institute, to help point out and emphasize what our aims might be. The Birds, therefore, have already accomplished a great deal. This committee, consisting of five persons interested in collections, and especially with these at our Institute, has submitted a splendid re¬ port. It emphasizes the strengths in our collections, and points out fea¬ tures that are outstanding even nationally. The committee has taken great pains to outline methods of maintaining our efforts to further these purposes. I sincerely hope that we shall be able to accomplish some of their suggestions in the near future. The collections over the years had accumulated to such an extent that it had become impossible to find things easily, and besides much was uncatalogued as well. A brutal determination was, therefore, necessary to get rid of a vast amount to make the rest accessible. To even start this is a most difficult undertaking, and is so easy to postpone some more. Such a start was made here at the Essex six years ago, and many of our staff are still with us who can remember this. I think we should all be most proud and grateful to them for their tremendous contribution to the welfare of this Institute and the preservation of our priceless objects, which have made us so outstanding in our field. Respectfully submitted, David P. Wheatland President REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Introduction As I look back over the Annual Reports I have delivered from this podium for the past several years, I note that I have begun each time by thanking you for your generous response to our appeals for funds. It gives me great pleasure to start off in the same way this evening. You have given us $120,000 between April 1, 1972, and March 31, 1973. The results, both visible and invisible, are all around you. The staff, the Council, and I thank you from the bottom of our hearts for your loyalty to this lovely old place. Its fragile Victorian beauty has survived over a century of wars, depressions, and natural disasters. In a world that many of our citizens find bleak and harsh, it reminds us that God gave man a sense of beauty, the means to create it, the ability to transmit it, and the courage to preserve it. Policy We are taking steps to bring some of our operations closer to paying their own way. We will begin charging admission to nonmembers at the door on June 1, thus making your membership cards more valuable than ever. Please be sure to bring them with you when you come be¬ cause our ticket-takers are new members of the staff and do not know any of us. I hope that we can avoid the confusion experienced by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, during the first few months of paid ad¬ missions there. Our dues were increased on April 1 this year. We are deeply gratified that most of our members have stayed with us. The cost of a subscription to the Essex Institute Historical Collections will rise next January to $10 in an effort to meet the rising costs of printing and postage. The Internal Revenue Service is cracking down on charitable cor¬ porations whose charity is too narrowly distributed. We have success¬ fully passed an IRS audit and retain our privilege of tax exemption. At our request, we have also been examined by a team sent by the Ameri¬ can Association of Museums to see if we conform to the accepted stan¬ dards of museum performance. We do, and we have a certificate of accreditation to prove it. In order to qualify for state and federal funding, whenever such funds are available, we have met the standards set by the Massachusetts His- 312 ANNUAL REPORT I972-I973 313 torical Commission. Our land and buildings, bounded by the State Armory, Washington Square West, Essex and Brown streets, are desig¬ nated as the Essex Institute Historic District, a Massachusetts Historic Landmark. The buildings, except for the Annex, are now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Staff Performance means staff. Our staff is too small to cope with the de¬ mands placed upon it, and the demands are increasing. Our salaries al¬ ready exceed the total of our unrestricted income from endowment, yet each rise in the cost of living brings our salaries closer to the federally defined poverty level. Our appeal this year emphasized our need to in¬ crease staff salaries. Your generous response has enabled us to raise our salaries by three percent and to establish the first pension plan in our history. We are deeply grateful to you. That we operate as well as we do may be credited to your gifts of money, of your skills, and of your time. Our house guides and other volunteers, especially the members of our Ladies Committee, are essential members of our staff today. Mrs. Robert Beechey, our housekeeper for twenty-six hard-working years, suffered a stroke last July and lies paralyzed and speechless in a nursing home. Our pension plan came too late to help her so we are still paying her full salary. Her niece Mrs. William Cook retired last fall. Mrs. Gregory Angelopolus and Mrs. Caroline A. Gagnon are keep¬ ing the Institute shining as Mrs. Beechey and Mrs. Cook did for so long. Father David W. Norton, the retired pastor of St. Michael’s Church, in Marblehead, stands in for the Director on Saturdays and Sundays. Crimes against museums are increasing as the market value of works of art becomes more important in the public eye than their aesthetic or historic value. We try to have three guards on duty at all times. Richard Kiely, who served us faithfully for four years, died in late December and has been replaced by Harold J. Shallow. Reginald M. Mclntire and George R. Crowdis divide each day between them. Our city-supplied Constable Edward J. Leonard has gone to work at City Hall. The city has sent us Leonard A. Carr in his place. There are now two members of our staff whose services are paid for by special funds outside our budget. In her second year Mary Larsen has provided increased educational services to the schools at the Institute as well as in the school classrooms. More and more schools are asking us to 3 H ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS tie our “authentic memorials” into their teaching of history. We can meet their requests only with the help of someone like Miss Larsen and her few, but highly skilled, volunteers. Miss Larsen’s salary is paid en¬ tirely by private gift. We hope that these gifts will be continued. Charles A. Steward joined us in January, and already I cannot imagine continuing our work without him. He has taken over the staff responsi¬ bility for the maintenance and repair of our twelve buildings, for the establishment of our budget, and our conformity to it. Spared some of the distractions that boggle the Director’s mind, he can keep a project under firm control from start to finish. His salary, too, is a most im¬ portant gift to the Institute. We have had another successful year of cooperation with the Boston University American and New England Studies Program. Mrs. Gerald R. Ward has continued the work begun by Anne Farnam to put our costumes and textiles in order. The Council voted funds to keep Miss Farnam working on a part-time basis, thus providing valuable con¬ tinuity to the uncovering of those long-hidden collections. We will have both Mr. and Mrs. Gerald R. Ward on our staff this summer, thanks to a National Endowment for the Humanities grant to Boston University which will provide his services. Maintenance Money is the key to survival. Some institutions try too hard to raise it; others do not try hard enough. Either way the collections suffer. As most works of art are one of a kind, when one is lost the loss cannot be made up. The collections suffer when funds are lacking either to house them properly or to care for them properly* Your gifts have enabled us to make tremendous improvements in the housing of our collections. Following the completion of new construction in 1967, it soon be¬ came clear that we could not fit everything we had in the space we have. Disposal or destruction were the only alternatives for much of the ma¬ terial in the unsatisfactory storage areas. Destruction by the age-old forces of “wear and tear, gradual deterioration, moths, vermin, insects, and inherent vice” was proceeding swiftly, and this destruction had to be stopped. We have sold, given away, and sent to the dump, therefore, those objects we could neither use nor even preserve. Money received from the sale of objects is used to preserve the objects we want to keep. All of these actions have been carefully reviewed by the staff and voted ANNUAL REPORT 1972-1973 315 by the Council. We have made mistakes, I am sure, but the worst mis¬ take would have been to do nothing, thus permitting natural forces to clear our storages for us. We are rebuilding the spaces once so hostile to the survival of their contents into safe, uncrowded, and accessible storerooms, a program far less expensive than the construction of new spaces. The bequest of Mar¬ garet H. Jewell enabled us, several years ago, to put a new roof on Daland House and to transform the attic beneath it into a good book- stack containing over a mile of shelving. During the past year her be¬ quest has paid for an electric booklift, installed in the old dumbwaiter shaft, which connects all five floors of the old library building. Ceilings rendered deciduous by old leaks have fallen, one by one, and are still falling. We are replacing them as they go. The iniquities of the fathers are visited upon the children, even unto the third and fourth generations, the Bible tells us. God’s understanding of the frailties of mankind clearly includes knowledge of the roofer’s trade. Our chief project during this reporting period has been the rebuilding of the basement room in the southwest corner of the museum. This has taken longer than expected because there have been other, more press¬ ing, demands upon staff time. This storeroom will contain our military uniforms, newly rescued from soiled and tattered paper parcels, our clocks, and our firebuckets, an unlikely combination of objects which may include even odder combinations before we are through with it. Our stone steps leading from the museum hall to the garden sur¬ rendered to the forces of nature in six short years. James R. Hammond, Chairman of our Maintenance Committee, and James H. Ballou, archi¬ tect, wisely decided to replace the stone with the redwood planking you see today. We did not expect this expense. Your gifts have enabled us to meet it. We have also freshened up several of our offices. The central office on the Essex Street side of the museum has been painted and lighting equal to modern standards installed. As that room is home base for our Copy Editor, Mary Kay Cunningham, for our Ladies Committee, and for our Shop Committee, this improvement was long overdue. We have also shone new light into some of the dark areas of the southwest corner office. The roof protecting our fireproof bookstack, the very heart of the Essex Institute, has proved unworthy of its trust and will be replaced 31 6 ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS this summer. Despite expensive patching it admits water during north¬ east storms. So far the water has run down the inside walls, damaging only a few books, but the damage to the nervous systems of the librari¬ ans and the Director has been substantial. We had a concert of thanksgiving last Sunday, played on George Hook’s first organ, newly restored by your generosity to what it was in 1827. 1 hope that we can persuade local organists to play this instrument for their own pleasure, and ours, not only in formal concert but espe¬ cially during our normal open hours for the enjoyment of visitors in the galleries and of staff members at their posts of duty. Museum Our more than life-size seated figure of King Saul modeled in plaster by William Wetmore Story, a Salem sculptor resident in Rome, has been given to the National Collection of Fine Arts in Washington, D.C. As the work of the artist’s hand, not a marble copy made by a Roman technician, it has great importance in the study of American sculpture. Story’s daughter, the Marchese Edith Peruzzi dei Medici, gave it to us in 1914. We have never been able to show it properly. It rested for years in the museum basement and was then moved to the Annex where it was visible during the summer months in the company of tools, archi¬ tectural fragments, Rogers groups, and other unrelated objects. Many treated it with contempt, believing it to be merely a plaster copy of something else instead of a plaster original. Now it has a splendid show¬ case in the nation’s capital. We have kept faith with William Wetmore Story. Houses I am happy to report that we have received welcome additions to the endowment funds of the Pingree, Peirce-Nichols, and Assembly houses this year. The need for such funds is critical as maintenance costs increase. The furnace of the Crowninshield-Bentley House collapsed last No¬ vember spewing oil soot over all of the rooms and their contents. We have to keep some heat in that house, we have discovered, in order to combat the dampness so injurious to its contents. Cleaning up the mess has occupied the museum staff all winter. We have a new furnace now, with more hot-air outlets than the old one had, and hope that this disas- ANNUAL REPORT I972-I973 317 ter will not be repeated. Insurance has paid for the repair of much of the physical damage, but the loss of staff time cannot be recovered. The increasing incidence of burglary and vandalism along Federal Street, and other sections of the city as well, has obliged us to install electronic protective devices in the Peirce-Nichols and Assembly houses. Fortunately the income from the house endowments has enabled us to pay for them. Publications This has been a banner year for our publications. Our Historical Col¬ lections, under the skillful guidance of Mrs. Cunningham, are more than a credit to the Institute; they are a distinction. Authors groan as they respond to Mrs. Cunningham’s meticulous editing, but they send her grateful letters after seeing their work in print. Various special gifts have made it possible for us to include more illustrations, adding greatly to the usefulness and interest of the magazine. The Historical Collections have been indexed from 1859 through 1949. We are working on an¬ other volume to carry the index through 1969. The Journal of Samuel Curwen, Loyalist, published by Harvard Uni¬ versity Press for the Essex Institute in late 1972, is the first fruit of the James Duncan Phillips Fund for the Essex Institute. Edited by Andrew Oliver, a member of the Institute Council, it is a distinguished piece of scholarship, very entertaining reading, and a handsome book in two volumes. John A. Wells of Peabody has spent years assembling the materials for a history of his city. The Essex Institute published it in 1972 with the aid of a generous gift from John F. Winchester. The Peabody Story: Events in Peabody's History, 1626-1972 will serve as the major source of information about the city for years to come. Volume ix of the Records and Files of the Quarterly Courts of Essex County, Massachusetts ( 1683-86 ) was delivered to the printer a few weeks ago. Edited by Mrs. Ralph L. Thresher, it carries on the task of publishing these records begun in 1911 by George Francis Dow. The first volume of the First Church, Salem, Records [1629-1747) con¬ tinues its slow passage through the press under the editorship of the Reverend Richard D. Pierce. None of these books will ever be best sellers, nor did James Duncan Phillips, whose bequest has made possible the publication of two of 318 ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS them, expect them to be. Scholarly publication is the responsibility of a scholarly institution. Summary Just as the activities of Essex County, Massachusetts, men were of national and international significance during the colonial period and the early years of the republic, so are the collections of the Essex Insti¬ tute, which consist of the “authentic memorials” of these men, of equal significance today. The Essex Institute is not merely a local historical society of interest only to persons living in the vicinity of Salem. The new construction completed by your generosity in 1967, just before I came to Salem, has made possible a substantial improvement in the quality of our stewardship over the objects entrusted during the past 125 years to our care. We still have a long way to go. Our carriages, sleighs, and fire apparatus still lack a carriage house in which to care for them and show them. Our storerooms are still too small to house all of the objects we wish to keep. Our educational program for the schools, sponsored by a generous donor and operated by Mary Larsen, has brought a greater response from the schools than we are able to meet. Our need for classroom space is acute. Our librarians and museum staff are still too few in number to cope with the growing demand for their services. But as I look back I am grateful for all that has been done. We can do just as good a job as our friends are willing to support. We are indeed fortunate in our friends. Respectfully submitted, David B. Little Director MASSACHUSETTS HISTORIC LANDMARK Certificate Presentation to the Essex Institute, Salem, by Elizabeth R. Amadon, State Survey Director, Massachusetts Historical Commission, on May 15, 1973 The Massachusetts Historical Commission, established in 1963, is charged by law with the responsibility of certifying as Land¬ marks sites of unique quality which have historical significance for the Commonwealth. This procedure insures a certain measure of protection from demolition and deterioration. Massachusetts Historic Landmarks may not be taken by eminent domain “without leave of the General Court specially obtained.” Certification of Landmarks is accomplished with the consent of the owner of the property and is recorded with the register of deeds in the county in which the Landmark is located. Standards for the care and management of the property have been adopted by the Commission and these must be complied with in order to preserve the property’s certified status. An Evaluation documenting the property’s architectural and historic importance is made to accompany the legal instruments of certification. The Essex Institute’s Evaluation describes the valuable research collec¬ tions of Essex County materials and the period buildings owned by the Institute which exemplify a wide variety of architectural and decorative styles. Landmark certification thus recognizes and helps protect the im¬ portant role the Essex Institute plays in interpreting essential aspects of the history of the Commonwealth. 319 REPORT OF THE LIBRARY It is a rare occasion when nothing extraordinary happens in the James Duncan Phillips Library. Each day brings an interesting visitor on an unusual mission, a gift of some item that enriches our already out¬ standing collection, or a challenging question to be answered. On March 20th Mr. and Mrs. Chester V. Shea of Peabody brought to us as a gift a leather-bound account book which once belonged to An¬ drew Riggs of Gloucester, who was born in 1681. It contains personal accounts from 1719 to 1750, written in ink. On the front page is in¬ scribed, “Andrew Riggs his book, whear in he doth set his a count for the year 1719. If it be lost and it be found return it to him.” The entries throughout the book exhibit phonetic spelling. “Won yard of linnen cloath” cost twelve shillings and Mr. Riggs earned about -£3 for “won daes worke holing wod” at the age of seventy. Inter¬ esting from the standpoint of comparing the eighteenth-century living costs and wages with those of today are the following entries by Mr. Riggs: ten shillings for a bushel of “carits”; three shillings and fifteen pence for “three daes washin out fish”; five shillings for “won pound of honey”; and four pence for “ciling [killing] a calf.” The versatility of the early Essex County citizen is shown in the following entries: “cot- ing [cutting] fish”; “holing [hauling] a lod of hay”; “taping Bens shows [shoes]”; “hoeing com”; “shelling corn”; “mending toys and salting fish.” He also mentions “going to boston.” Historians and genealogists will be interested in the thirty persons mentioned. It is a remarkable addition to our library. Along with this gift came a Family Record Commencing with Thomas Riggs Sr ., who was the father of Andrew. He came from England in 1658 and settled in Goose Cove, Gloucester, Massachusetts, where he built a home. Part of it still stands today. He was educated in England as a professional or public writer and consequently held various clerical positions. His education and ability made him welcome to a community where only half of the men were able to write. It is understandable that he became the town clerk and remained in that position from 1665 to 1716, a record of fifty-one years. He was a selectman in Gloucester for twenty years, a representative in 1700, and he served on many com¬ mittees besides acting temporarily as a schoolmaster. Thomas Riggs, Sr., married Mary Millet, the daughter of Thomas 320 ANNUAL REPORT 1972-1973 321 Millet, on June 7, 1658. She died on January 23, 1695, and on October 30, 1695, he married Elizabeth Frese, who lived to be eighty years old and died June 16, 1722. Thomas died a few months before at the age of ninety, February 26, 1722. He had nine children and left numerous de¬ scendants who perpetuate his name in the town today. Still in the family’s possession is a unique little seventeenth-century account book which belonged to Thomas Riggs, Sr. It measures 3Kby 63^ by 1 inches and is bound in pigskin. On the title page is the auto¬ graph of “Thomas Riggs, his Booke, 1656.” Interesting entries in 1680 are: tobacco at a little less than two shillings a pound . . . and Indian corn at two shillings sixpence a bushel. We hope this unique item will also find its way to our library to rejoin our other Riggs material. We received from the Herb Society of America a collection of cor¬ respondence once belonging to Frances Ropes Williams (1883-1969), deposited there by Mrs. Williams’ daughter Constance. A large part of this correspondence consists of letters exchanged by Mrs. Williams and Mrs. Edward B. Cole of Wenham between the years 1935 and 1957. Adeline P. (Dodge) Cole was born in Wenham and devoted her long life to good causes. She died at the age of ninety-three after, among other ventures, founding the Herb Society of America, helping to or¬ ganize the Visiting Nurse Association of Hamilton and Wenham, and serving as a prime mover in the creation of the Wenham Museum. Her acquaintance with Mrs. Williams apparently started when Mrs. Cole, widely known as “Granny,” invited Mrs. Williams to join the Herb Society. Mrs. Williams did join and remained a member for thirty years. She was its corresponding secretary, curator of its Herbarium, and she re¬ ceived its first award of merit in 1952. She was an active grower of Hosta Lilies, donating eighty varieties of the plant to the Arnold Ar¬ boretum; an honorary member of Winchester’s Home and Garden Club; a member of the Appalachian Mountain Club, the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, the New York Botanical Garden in Brooklyn, the Essex Institute and the Peabody Museum in Salem, the Winchester Unitarian Society, and the Winchester Hospital School of Nursing Committee, 1915-1925. Mrs. Aaron Richmond sent us material on her husband for our library files: newspaper clippings, photographs, and programs. We were happy to receive the material since Mr. Richmond was a native of Salem, born 322 ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS in 1895. I think that the following citation will describe the talent and importance of Mr. Richmond: The Trustees of Boston University - Citation presented to Mr. Aaron Richmond by President Harold C. Case on Novem¬ ber 26, 1961: Aaron Richmond, Director of the Boston University Celeb¬ rity Series since 1953; concert pianist; consultant and adviser to many community and collegiate musical organizations; impre¬ sario, whose sensitive awareness of the artistic interests of Boston people has been signally rewarded by a successful career of more than four decades, during which the world’s foremost artists in solo performance, ballet, ensemble, and orchestra have appeared under his aegis, and whose association with Boston University during the past eight years has established a new level of student and faculty experience and appreciation of the arts. This citation reflects the affection and esteem in which you are held by your associates in Boston University and the entire metropolitan com¬ munity and by the world’s foremost artists. Eleanor and Elizabeth Broadhead presented to the library their great¬ grandfather Thomas Perkins’ account book dated 1817-1831. He was a maker of “Fancy” chairs on Essex Street, four doors west of North Street, from September 22, 1826, to March 8, 1831, when he sold the business. The mail brought an inquiry from California about Professor Moses Gerrish Farmer from a relation of his. This letter interested me very much because of my interest in this man who lived in Salem at 11 Pearl Street. The query: “Does his house still stand?” It does. Moses Gerrish Farmer was bom February 9, 1820, at Boscawen, New Hampshire. He attended Dartmouth College but just before graduation he became ill with typhoid fever and never entirely recovered his health. A student of music, particularly piano, he gave piano lessons to aug¬ ment his limited income while a student. School teaching seemed the least exacting occupation, so teaching, tuning pianos, and playing the church organ became his work. Due to his inventive mind and interest in electricity he took a job with the New York and Boston Magnetic Telegraph Association in the Framingham, Massachusetts, office. As an employee he invented an electromagnetic engine as early as 1846. He ANNUAL REPORT I972-I973 323 showed how the electric current could be used for torpedoes and under¬ water blasting; he tried the experiment of telegraphing by means of in¬ duced currents; he also contrived and constructed models of apparatus for striking fire alarm bells; he engaged in other scientific pursuits ex¬ perimenting with electricity, improving the telegraph and making other changes along electrical lines. His many more experiments are too lengthy a list to record here. In 1848 Farmer came to Salem to live and took charge of the Salem office of the telegraph company and of temporary repairs between Bos¬ ton and Newburyport. During his residence in Salem Farmer lighted the front room in his house by electricity with incandescent lamps, using platinum wires encased in glass globes. The filaments were heated by electricity generated from gravity (wet batteries). This occurred in 1859 and predated by many years Thomas A. Edison’s invention of a practi¬ cal incandescent light. It is believed that the first house in the world lighted by electricity was Mr. Farmer’s house at 11 Pearl Street in 1859 where he gave an exhibition of the electric incandescent lamp. There were many Salem citizens present at the exhibition, among them Eben Nelson Walton, editor of the Salem Register. At that time Mr. Farmer said to Mr. Walton, “Eben, if you live half a century longer you will be able to stand in Salem and talk to a person in Philadelphia and you two will understand each other readily.” Before the half century had elapsed, Farmer’s prophecy had come true. Mr. Farmer took his invention to the World’s Fair in Chicago in 1893 for exhibition and stirred up a great deal of interest. He died there on May 25, 1893, during the course of the exhibition. Governor William Claflin of Massachusetts said of Farmer, “He was deserving of more honor than he ever received.” He was always interested in charitable and philanthropic movements and late in his lifetime established a pub¬ lic library at Eliot, Maine. Professor Moses Gerrish Farmer was an in¬ ventor and an American pioneer in electricity. His house at 11 Pearl Street, Salem, Massachusetts, still stands. A move should be initiated to make this historic house a historic landmark. Michael J. Cummings, the nation’s foremost authority on Patrick Sarsfield Gilmore, visited our library recently in search of Gilmore ma¬ terial. Gilmore, known as the “Peace Bandmaster,” came to Salem at the age of twenty-six and lived here from 1855 to 1859 when he was the conductor of the Salem Brass Band. Mr. Cummings has the largest col- 324 ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS lection of Gilmore material extant, but he saw Gilmore items here he had never seen before. Patrick Sarsfield Gilmore was “the father of the American Concert Band” and was considered by many “the greatest bandmaster of all time.” A composer of note, a conductor, and a cornet player, he was called “the Orpheus of the New World.” He composed a great reper¬ tory of band music and supplied the music for the marching song John Brown s Body. Our library has over fifty pieces of his music, including polkas, bal¬ lads, and marches. Mr. Gilmore was born on December 25, 1829, in Ireland, the son of Patrick and Mary (Sharkey) Gilmore. When a child his toys were fiddles, fifes, and drums made by his own hands, showing at an early age his love for band music. His brother followed in his father’s trade and became a skilled stonecutter. Patrick showed no in¬ terest in the family business and at one time had thought seriously of entering the priesthood. At thirteen years of age he was already consid¬ ered a musical prodigy. His first encounter with a military band while viewing a parade had a profound effect upon him. At the age of four¬ teen he played in the town band and at fifteen he began to write music. He came to Boston in 1848. As a member of Ordway’s Minstrels he was hired by P. T. Barnum to boost the merits of Barnum’s latest acquisi¬ tion, the Swedish Nightingale, Jenny Lind. It was at Salem that he incurred the enmity of the Know-Nothing party, then at its peak. Having been cautioned by them to change his name if he expected regular bookings, he astonished them by the change he made. He dropped “Stephen” and took instead one of the proudest names in Irish annals, Sarsfield. It is recorded that his bookings did in¬ deed suffer, but his star was on the ascendant and his band was invited to Washington for the inauguration of President James Buchanan in 1857. While living in Salem he met and married Ellen O’Neil of Lowell, the organist and choir director of St. Patrick’s Church in Lowell. During his courtship he composed the music for While Seeing Nellie Home , or The Quilting Party. After his marriage he went to Boston, where he enjoyed a long and colorful career. In 1861 Mr. Gilmore and his band enlisted as a unit of the Twenty- fourth Massachusetts Regiment and accompanied the regiment to the front in the Civil War. He saw action in the Carolinas. He was invited to play at the inauguration of Louisiana’s Governor Georg Michael ANNUAL REPORT 1972-1973 325 Decker Hahn. When the governor wrote a personal letter to President Lincoln, he mentioned Mr. Gilmore as one who had “done great good to the cause of the Union” by his faithful and patriotic services, “a musi¬ cian of the highest ability” and a “true gentleman.” Just before the end of the war Gilmore wrote When Johnny Comes Marching Home under the pseudonym of Louis Lambert. Saddened by the Civil War because he had seen its horrors, Gilmore wanted to lighten the hearts and heal the wounds of a shattered nation. From this mood came the idea of his National Peace Jubilee to “com¬ memorate the restoration of peace throughout the land.” In 1868 Gil¬ more went to Washington and New York to solicit help for his plan and was rebuffed. He returned to Boston and vowed to “do it myself.” After gaining support from millionaires, bankers, and music lovers, he built an auditorium 500 feet long by 300 feet wide to accommodate a chorus of 10,000 singers and an orchestra of 1,300 instruments, and with a seating capacity of 30,000 persons. It took less than three months to set it up in St. James Park on the present site of both the Copley Plaza Hotel and Trinity Church. The coliseum exterior was crowned with these words in large gold letters: “Glory to God on High, Peace on Earth.” President Ulysses S. Grant and the members of his cabinet attended. Soprano Parepa-Rosa, the darling of the public at this time, was the soloist. The first jubilee lasted five days and was an enormous success. Looking at the havoc of the Franco-Prussian conflict, Gilmore planned a World Peace Jubilee for 1872 in Boston. The first coliseum having been totally destroyed in the devastating gale of October 1869, a new and larger coliseum was built near the same site with even larger dimensions, capable of holding 50,000 people, as well as a chorus of 20,000 voices and an orchestra of 2,000 musicians. It featured many singers and musical ensembles and bands from Great Britain, Belgium, France, and Germany. Mr. Gilmore persuaded Johann Strauss, the waltz king, to make his first and only trip to America, and he wrote Jubilee Waltz and Boston Dreams for the affair. The celebration ran from June 17th through July 4th, 1872. President Grant attended again. It was not as great a financial success as the first Jubilee because of the many gate-crashers, but it was considered the greatest extravaganza of its day. Mr. Gilmore was admired by another outstanding bandmaster, Jean Missud, who came to Salem in 1870 to play with the Salem Brass 326 ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Band and was later chosen as the leader of the Salem Cadet Band. Throughout Missud’s career, he often featured Mr. Gilmore’s composi¬ tions in his concerts. Patrick Sarsfield Gilmore died in St. Louis in 1892, leaving his wife and one daughter. He is buried under a small Army stone in Calvary Cemetery on Long Island, New York. * * * One-hundred-thirty serious researchers used our manuscript collec¬ tions, an increase of fourteen over last year. Each year the number grows. The following list indicates the variety of subjects involved: Mary Abigail Dodge; economic impact of Louisbourg on New En¬ gland, 1713-1758; changing roles of American women, 1780-1830; Canadian and United States boundaries and Indians; dependent poor of Newburyport, 1800-1850; theology of witchcraft; study of smallpox and other diseases; Northern planters in the lower South, 1864-1880; health care in Salem, Massachusetts, 1750-1825; social and political mo¬ bility in Salem, 1759-1816. Most of the researchers were Ph.D. and M.A. candidates. The universities from which some of these scholars came are George Washington University, University of Ottawa, University of Wiscon¬ sin, University of the Pacific, State University of New York at Buffalo, Harvard University, University of Massachusetts. Emily Haggerty, Manuscript Librarian, has catalogued 396 items and 45 volumes to our manuscript collections. Most of the foregoing are of this year’s deposit. The societies making substantial deposits are: Chil¬ dren’s Friend and Family Service Society of the North Shore, Inc.; Salem Female Charitable Society; Thought and Work Club, Salem; Father Mathew Total Abstinence Society. We have also had valuable additions to our Jewett, Derby, and Pingree family collections. Besides these manuscript gifts we purchased: a Robert Rantoul letter; the jour¬ nal (1876-1886) of Joseph W. Clark of Georgetown; an unidentified carpenter’s accounts for labor and supplies, 1871-1873; a Gloucester painter’s account book; and some Lucy Larcom letters. We have bound and repaired 214 volumes. Mary Ritchie, Assistant Librarian, has catalogued 372 regular items and 97 cartoons. We have added 2,589 cards to the catalogue. Irene Norton, Reference Librarian, has completed the Essex County ANNUAL REPORT 1972-1973 327 project to the letter R and as of date has handled, checked, and put in order 28,906 items. She has been in full charge of our microfilm proj¬ ects. We have been able to get many of our important collections on film at the expense of the requesting scholars. Our Savin duplicating machine has been kept busy. Our researchers are pleased to have com¬ plicated genealogies copied for them. We are continually working on shelving, repairing, arranging, and the many duties of keeping our col¬ lection in order. During the Christmas holidays and the summer we have carried out the major projects of cleaning and moving that have to be left until extra hands are available. We continue to have special exhibits for visiting groups. This year, Hawthorne, witchcraft, and early American literature were popular. In April ten women interested in genealogical research came from the Concord Genealogical Round Table for instructions on tracing their ancestors. I introduced them to the sources and demonstrated the tech¬ niques of using them. We continue to assist Essex County authors. Interested people from local historical societies have come to us for help in handling their valuable holdings, especially manuscript. They have turned to us knowing our methods are efficient and time-tested. Miss Ritchie and I have attended North Shore Library Club meetings. On January 20th I went to a Conference on Planning and Preservation at Boston University, and in February I accompanied Mrs. Payson and W. Hammond Bowden to the Merrimack Valley Textile Museum for a meeting concerning the new regional conservation center. Our work¬ shop on Essex County was held again in June, making us aware of our usefulness to historians. Library statistics show that we had 3,963 visitors. In all by gift and purchase we added seventeen collections, plus 212 items, plus approxi¬ mately 1,100 issues of periodicals. Correspondence numbered 729. Miss Elizabeth R. Jacoby of Newburyport, who is a retired librarian and a Simmons graduate, volunteered to identify the items in our col¬ lection of Newburyport photographs. She has given us many hours of her valuable time and we are extremely grateful to have this collection put in such good order. As a volunteer Sargent Bradlee continues with us in the preservation of our leather-bound books. We also enjoy the services of Miss Eleanor Broadhead, Mrs. Ralf P. Emerson, Mrs. Ralph L. Thresher, and Mrs. James Brown whose help means so much to the organizing and running 328 ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS of our library. Gilbert R. Payson continues to work in the Photographic Department. Our part-time helpers have been Judith Beston, Christopher Hassell, Susan Frisch, John Wheeler, Elizabeth Beston, and Mary Elizabeth Copeland. I pay tribute to our staff members, Miss Mary M. Ritchie, Assistant Librarian, Mrs. Irene Norton, Reference Librarian, and Mrs. Emily Haggerty, Manuscript Librarian, for this year’s achievements and for their continuing our work while I was called away for service on the Grand Jury. They continue to symbolize the high standards set forth when the library was founded. I am grateful and do thank them. I also want to thank the staff members of the Publications Department and the museum for their cooperation and help, especially John Wright and Robert Egleston who come to our aid so often when we need muscle and mechanical ability. Robert Egleston also operates the microfilm camera. Ray Moore and Wilfred Pelletier are also a constant source of support. Respectfully submitted, Dorothy M. Potter Librarian Dressing table, kneehole type, lacquered. Brought back from China for William Gray of Salem on one of his ships before 1809. Based on English design, Chippendale style, serpentine front, bracket feet. h. 35" w. 3 8 y2" d. 23" Donor: Miss Hope Gray, June 2, 1972. William Gray’s dressing table REPORT OF THE MUSEUM Between April 1, 1972, and March 31, 1973, our museum and historic house attendance increased at Essex Institute, as it did elsewhere in Salem. Museum, front door Museum second-floor galleries Gardner-Pingree House Crowninshield-Bentley House John Ward House Peirce-Nichols House Assembly House 1 972-73 1971-72 Increase 74,941 65,298 9,643 67,807 59,213 8,594 6,348 5,503 845 2,737 2,281 456 5,719 5,413 306 1,642 1,086 556 569 246 323 We are the grateful recipients of 247 gifts this year. Loans, purchases, and previously uncatalogued items brought the total accession list up to 316. Among the generous gifts is a looking glass, a Massachusetts ver¬ sion of the Chippendale style, which came from James B. Ames. This handsome piece, its mahogany veneer set off with gilded scrolls and laurel leaves, bears a handwritten label: “This mirror was given by Christopher Osgood of Salem to his sister Mehitable on the occasion of her marriage with William Marston in 1778.” From Richard Northey came a series of eighteenth-century silver spoons, some made by Wil¬ liam Northey, Salem silversmith, perhaps for himself and his bride Rebecca Collins. They were married in 1765. Salem’s trade with the Orient was well represented in gifts this year, among them a pair of Chinese export rose medallion bough-pots, the bequest of Helen S. Driver, now exhibited in the Assembly House. Miss Hope Gray gave us a very beautiful dressing table. It had been brought from China for the donor’s great-great-grandfather, the Salem merchant “Billy” Gray, who moved to Boston in 1809. Based on an English de¬ sign, it is a kneehole type with folding top. A mirror at center back can be pushed down into a slot for its protection when the table is moved. It has many small storage areas and a serpentine-curved front. The whole piece is lacquered black with gold decorations, a perfect blend of west¬ ern form, and eastern technique, a splendid addition to our collections. Still another superb example of our trade with the East came as the gift of Mrs. E. C. Plow of Nova Scotia. It is one of the rare examples 329 330 ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS brought not from China but from Japan, and it came on the Salem ship Margaret. This is a tilt-top lacquered tea table with mother-of-pearl and gilded decoration, brought for Benjamin Pickman, Jr., in whose family it descended. A label under the “birdcage” pedestal gives its history, and the Salem Custom House Records, listing the Margaret's cargo as de¬ livered in Salem on June 4, 1802, include “Ten boxes contg. ea. a round table.” Our charter directs us to preserve as well as to collect the authentic memorials relating to the civil history of Essex County, Massachusetts, so this year, thanks to a matching grant from the Massachusetts Council on the Arts and Humanities, our seventeenth-century portrait of Gov¬ ernor John Leverett was given much-needed care. Two of our eigh¬ teenth-century prints were also treated and restored by the Print Con¬ servation Laboratory at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Your generous gifts enabled us to have C. B. Fisk, Inc., of Gloucester rebuild the little organ in our auditorium and restore it to full playing condition. George Hook of Salem built this organ in 1827, the first one, we believe, that he ever built. A third important item of Essex County interest to be restored is our rare baroque bed-rug, made by Mary Avery of North Andover, bearing her initials and the date 1722. Badly in need of cleaning, this rug, decorated with hearts and flowers in blues and browns, was in fragile condition before it came to us. It had been strengthened by sewing on its back a man’s sweater, a sock, and a coal bag made of burlap. The Wadsworth Atheneum in Hartford, Connec¬ ticut, asked to borrow our Avery rug, the oldest known dated example of its kind, for a special exhibition of early American “bed-ruggs.” If ever we were to have this rug restored, this was the fittest occasion. We did, and we had the pleasure of seeing it prominently displayed in Hartford. Another way of preserving our holdings is to store them properly. This year our textile collections have been gathered together from musty trunks, old boxes, paper-wrapped parcels, or retrieved from chests of drawers in which of necessity they had been stuffed for years. Our new textile storeroom in the basement, with shelves and proper boxes and plenty of tissue paper, with cases generously provided by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, now contains a fairly good proportion of our early bedspreads, window hangings, and smaller objects such as purses and fans, samplers and other embroideries. The third-floor front ANNUAL REPORT 1972-1973 331 of Safford House is now as good a storage area for costumes as we might wish. Our past and present Boston University American Studies Scholars Anne Farnam and Mrs. Gerald Ward, volunteers Mrs. David Cole, Mrs. John Hand, and Jean Harrison have worked harmoniously with our Registrar Mrs. John Hassell on the task of storing and recording our costume and textile collections in such a way as to keep them safe and accessible. Nancy Paige Ryan has generously given of her talent and time to catalogue more of our print collection. Volunteers William M. Houghton and H. Sherman Holcomb have combined their talents with those of our Superintendent Ray K. Moore to do skilled carpentry and cabinet work we could never afford to have done for us by outside con¬ tractors. We have uncovered an extraordinary uniform collection from the tattered and anonymous paper parcels we had walked around for years. Assistant Curators John H. Wright and Robert Egleston, volunteer Malcolm Johnson, and John O. Curtis, Director of the Curatorial De¬ partment, Old Sturbridge Village, have selected the best of it, had it dry-cleaned and pressed, and placed it on hanging racks in the southwest corner basement room newly transformed into a splendid storeroom. Robert Egleston planned the organization of this room and did much of the shelf and case construction in it himself. The quality of our stewardship is steadily improving, thanks to the efforts of staff and volunteers. The cost of these improvements is paid for from the proceeds of sales of discarded materials and from the gifts of members and friends. The transformation of one dismal hole after another into bright, clean, and orderly storerooms is a great joy to the members of the staff, all of whom take literally the commitment to preserve written in our charter. We have disposed of some baskets, duplicate tools, household uten¬ sils, uniforms, and weapons during the year, all of them recovered from unsatisfactory storage areas. In every category we are doing our best to maintain a well-rounded collection in each category of objects relating to Essex County. Objects of little monetary value but of historic value to others have been given to institutions where they have meaning. We have given uniforms to the Veterans Association of the First Corps Ca¬ dets, the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, and the museums of the military academies at Annapolis and West Point. 'Cj 332 ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Many of our museum objects have been published during the year; for example, Dean A. Fales, Jr.’s book on early American painted furni¬ ture illustrated examples from this collection. Other institutions have borrowed objects for special exhibitions. We lent eight embroideries to the Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center; thirteen paintings, drawings, watercolors, and objects to the Peabody Museum of Salem for the spe¬ cial exhibition last summer on the work of Michele Felice Corne. Our 1722 bed-rug went to Hartford’s Wadsworth Atheneum; Chinese porce¬ lain to the Museum of the China Trade in Milton, Massachusetts, for their show of Boston-owned porcelain; and toys at Christmas time to both the Wenham Historical Association and Museum, Inc., and the Museum of Transportation in Larz Anderson Park in Brookline. The office of the Mayor of Salem and Marblehead Junior High School have also received loans of art objects this year. In our exhibition houses, an old Victorian-style carpet found during our sortings of textiles has been cut to size to fit the second-floor Vic¬ torian parlor of the Assembly House, and the room has been improved by the addition of long window-hangings. We expect to have more of them made for the bedroom. A chair in the first floor west parlor of the Peirce-Nichols House has been reupholstered; and much of the spinning and weaving equipment in the John Ward House has been recondi¬ tioned by Mrs. Peter Seamans for use with school classes. In the Crown- inshield-Bentley House during the winter a disaster occurred; the fur¬ nace “blew,” filling the house and covering the contents with an oily soot. All walls, ceilings, and floors had to be thoroughly cleaned and washed. All furniture was cleaned, all textiles removed for laundering or dry cleaning, and all small objects were brought over to our main building to be cleaned by hand by the staff and volunteers. We have had a very busy winter cleaning up after this catastrophe, and have been thankful that the most precious objects had been removed from the house beforehand. We have also been thankful for the help given us by the new Administrator, Charles Steward, who came just in time to arrange and oversee the professional cleaning of the house. A major event this year was the accreditation of our museum by the American Association of Museums. We have always known that our museum collections are admired by scholars and enjoyed by the general public, but we are glad to have official recognition of the recent im¬ provements we have made. The two examiners summed us up well, de- ANNUAL REPORT 1972-1973 333 scribing Essex Institute as “an old and venerable institution with all of the problems which accompany years of collecting objects and accumu¬ lating traditions.” They took note of the accomplishments of the past few years: fresh paint, improved lighting, good labels in most areas, new and better storage areas, and fuller cataloguing. We are trying to bring up to standard the areas which they found not quite up to basic good museum practices. The examiners took further note of the Insti¬ tute’s fine historical library, our new educational program, and the many events handled by our Ladies Committee. This volunteer group does more for us than we can say. Besides run¬ ning an annual Spring Lecture Series and May Festival, they head the important work done by our volunteer guides who show our houses during the summer; they provide and serve refreshments at various functions; they act as hostesses and plan programs for special visiting groups; they fill our houses with fresh flowers during the summer sea¬ son and throughout the year provide them for our front hall and mu¬ seum functions in the auditorium. They work on mailing lists for our office staff, and they stock and run a gift shop which this year has added some pewter reproductions of objects in the museum collection. This year they contributed new lighting for our Bessie (Lincoln) Potter doll house, and decorated its tiny rooms with Christmas trees and greens for a Christmas party for children. We are having a Christmas card made showing the doll house with its decorations, and this will be available for Christmas this coming season. The Ladies Committee Spring Lecture Series in 1972 featured the subject of tea, the tea trade, and accessories for the tea table. The lectures (listed elsewhere) were a great success, and the auditorium was hung with banners of the countries which took part in the China trade. These beautiful flags were designed and made by Mrs. Frederick Dike Mason. Mrs. Paul Haskell arranged exhibitions relating to the subject of each lecture. We cannot possibly thank our lady volunteers enough for all the things they do, the contributions of their time and energy and good¬ will, as well as for the money they raise and the gifts they have made to us. Their value to the Institute cannot be overstated. The museum staff has had more time for museum objects this year since the formation of the new educational division. Mary Larsen’s ex¬ cellent handling of school classes, combined with the limitation of the number of school children allowed in the building at a time, and the 334 ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS requirement that schools must now make appointments a week in ad¬ vance, have been a great help to us. We feel also that the school visitors get much more out of the museum through having a definite program. We had, as usual, a number of very interesting adult groups. Two hun¬ dred members of the National Herb Society of America met at the In¬ stitute and visited our houses; the Decorative Arts Society of the City Art Museum of St. Louis, the Young Collectors’ Group from the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, the Doric Dames from the Boston State House, and one hundred members of the American Retina Foun¬ dation were others. Among those most interested in Essex Institute was the group from England last fall, members of the American Museum in Bath, who delighted in seeing the colonial furniture of Essex County made in traditional English styles. With 42 special adult groups and 254 children’s groups the museum collections have been widely enjoyed. We simply could not show our houses without our volunteer guides. Much of the Institute’s reputation as a rewarding and pleasant place to visit is due to their knowledge, grace, and charm. Visitors feel correctly that the lady of the house has bestowed her hospitality upon them. New guides learn the houses and experienced guides refresh their knowledge in the Guides’ Course we give each spring. In the spring of 1972 two of the Adjunct Lecturers at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Mrs. Charles A. Butts, Jr., and Mrs. Warner B. Hartford, each gave a comprehensive lecture on New England architecture and furniture. Staff and experi¬ enced guides supplied the in-house training. Before the summer was over, 58 volunteer guides had given us 2,157 hours of expert guiding. Our warmest thanks go to them all for their responsible, competent, and attractive approach to making our houses live for their visitors. Our regular staff guides, Mrs. Ray K. Moore and Mrs. Montgomery Merrill in the Gardner-Pingree House, Mrs. H. H. Gibson, Jr., in the Peirce-Nichols House, and Mrs. Donald F. Hunt in the Assembly House, and our two full-time summer guides Ellen Shrigley and Beth Carver found little leisure time as they coped with our many visitors. The work loads of our regular, part-time, and volunteer staff mem¬ bers are increasing steadily. Mrs. Emerson H. Lalone has had more guides to schedule, Mrs. Hassell more objects coming and going, more cataloguing to be done. Mary Silver Smith has performed invaluable services in coping with quantities of correspondence. Some of us have visited other museums in this country and abroad; some of us have ANNUAL REPORT I972-I973 335 lectured here and elsewhere; all of us have performed hours of research to answer telephoned and written requests for information. A good deal of time has been spent by the museum staff assisting the Ladies Com¬ mittee in putting on exhibitions tied in with the lecture series. We have also had several special exhibitions of our own. We are often called upon to arrange for special photography of objects in our collections at the request of scholars either for study or for publication. We hope that someday we will have a full-time department secretary so that less of our time may be spent typing letters and cards and more of our time spent on the research, preparation of exhibitions, and publi¬ cation which should normally be a part of curatorial work. The maintenance staff has, as always, kept our buildings and period houses in pristine condition. Our beloved Housekeeper Mrs. Robert J. Beechey suffered a stroke on July 3, 1972, and is still in the hospital. She served the Institute faithfully and far beyond the call of duty for twenty- six years. Her niece Mrs. William Cook retired from our housekeeping department last fall. We shall not see two such competent, dependable, and utterly delightful people soon again. We thank the President, the Council and Museum Committee, the Director, and the staff members of the Institute’s other departments for their understanding and cooperation during this very busy year. I am especially grateful to the members of the museum staff for their profes¬ sional and responsible approach to the many aspects of our work. Our purposes are serious, but good humor and teamwork help to lighten the ever-increasing load. We all take pride in the accomplishments of this past year. Respectfully submitted, Huldah M. Payson Curator of the Museum REPORT OF THE DIVISION OF EDUCATION The education division spent its first year in exploration and experi¬ mentation based on the belief that a firm knowledge of the needs and capabilities of both the Institute and the people it serves is absolutely necessary before any permanent commitment can or should be made. The importance of planning and organization cannot be overempha¬ sized. An education department places new demands on the Institute and its staff. It adds a new dimension to the Institute’s implicit educa¬ tional functions and, therefore, not only attracts a greater audience but augments activities for persons already supporting and using its facilities. The nature of such an addition deserves careful consideration. What kinds of educational experiences does the Institute now pro¬ vide? In what ways can these programs be augmented? Toward whom should the Institute direct new programs and why? How will the com¬ munity respond to these programs? These are the questions which de¬ manded attention in the first year. Many of them now have answers. The first event of the year 1972-1973 was a two-day film festival for teachers of social studies. The idea was to encourage the teaching of cul¬ tural and local history through the use of films and museums such as ours. During the winter a lecture on “Abolition in Essex County” was researched and photographed. It has been shown to hundreds of high school students in Salem and surrounding areas. Another show was made from James Duncan Phillips’ “Salem in the Nineties” which has also been shown to schools. Probably the most important activity of the summer was a six-week course in the history of Salem offered to any interested adult. Our class attracted high school students, house guides, local teachers, even retired businessmen, and together we had a grand time not only reading and exploring Salem’s political history, but also investigating many of its old houses and historic sites. Several of the class continued their interest in Salem history by teaching it themselves during the school year. Also during the summer the education department held a workshop for house guides on spinning and weaving. Using film and actual dem¬ onstration, these important seventeenth- and eighteenth-century house¬ hold crafts were explained to the guides with the help of Mrs. Peter Seamans. Earlier in the spring, groups of school children came to the museum for a discussion of colonial cooking, using the period kitchen 336 ANNUAL REPORT 1972-1973 337 and old recipes from our library. The spinning program and cooking lesson were combined for several groups and expanded to the Crown- inshield-Bentley House. This expanded program was so successful that it became the basis for the school program in the fall. In September nearly 400 brochures were sent to schools in Essex County describing the programs available to them at the Essex Institute. The major program was held in the Ward House after it closed to the public. With the help of Mrs. Peter Seamans and Mrs. Laura Hersey, students learned about herbs and cooking in a seventeenth-century kit¬ chen and also had an opportunity to spin wool into yarn. A total of 542 children, their teachers, and chaperons participated in the three weeks before inclement weather forced us to close the house for the winter. They came from Salem, Essex, Newbury, Swampscott, Beverly, Ips¬ wich, and Danvers. They ranged in age from third grade to high school seniors and represented a variety of interests from home economics to cultural history. It was especially satisfying to learn that this program exactly corresponded with what the students were studying and that we were giving them the opportunity to experience what they had hereto¬ fore only been able to read about. Their reactions ranged from wonder to gratitude to excitement. Other activities described in our brochure were the slide lectures “Abolition in Essex County” and “Salem in the Nineties” already men¬ tioned. Also several classes came to hear a brief talk on the political campaign show before viewing the prints. To my knowledge, this was the first time schools had been notified of a special museum exhibit that would be interpreted for them. The students’ and teachers’ appreciation brought us a small but meaningful donation. In the winter our attention turned to interpreting the museum itself. Each spring the museum has been deluged with groups of school chil¬ dren who often come unprepared and undisciplined and usually leave as confused and disorderly as when they arrived. The museum does not have the staff time to organize, schedule, and greet these groups who often arrive unannounced anyway. Since December, I have had the much appreciated volunteer help of Mrs. Phyllis Shutzer. Together we planned a slide introduction to the museum for school groups. After organizing and photographing, we created a show which tells the story of Salem and the Institute with illus¬ trations from the museum collection. At the same time we helped the 338 ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS museum organize its school group appointments. This spring we have required schools to make reservations and limit the size of their group. Now each one sees our slide introduction before going into the mu¬ seum. By the end of the school year we will have shown this program to over 3,000 students. Their visit has been made more enjoyable and educational for all. The introduction is now being rewritten so that it will be a suitable introduction for tourists this summer and will be taped and shown on a regular schedule. Along with the announcement of our slide introduction, we notified schools of our special spring programs. Our regular morning film series was made available to students in the afternoon with an introduction and discussion after the viewing. For smaller groups, John Wright and I have been telling children about colonial furniture construction and decoration. It is not often that students have actual seventeenth-century examples to illustrate their studies. Their enthusiasm has made the pro¬ gram a treat for us all. Now that summer is nearly here, our Phillips School gardeners are again preparing the kitchen garden for the Ward House. Eight garden¬ ers have come once a week to research and plan their garden which they have planted and will tend over the summer. Once school is out I shall again be busy with the summer course in Salem history and prep¬ arations for the fall. In deciding the direction of our educational programs in the future, we should consider the most important audience to be the school chil¬ dren. The overwhelming response to the Ward House adventure and other special programs indicates that the schools have the money and interest to seek out and participate in such projects. Conversations with teachers and curriculum coordinators in Essex County confirm my be¬ lief that schools are rediscovering the history which surrounds them. They are amazed to find such appropriate materials so close to them. They look forward to more programs and with good reason. The Essex Institute is a treasure house of history, crafts, folkways, decorative arts, even industry, not only of Essex County but of New England. Surely it is our concern to make these things available to the children who live here. How can the Institute best realize its educational potential? Based on the assumption that school children are our primary concern, the fol¬ lowing are three possible plans for the future. Once a decision has been ANNUAL REPORT I972-I973 339 made and a plan adopted, we shall be able to focus our energies and establish a department with specific goals and purpose. The first plan is to do little more than is already being done. This means establishing last year’s successful experiments as permanent pro¬ grams. These would include the kitchen garden, Salem history class, colonial cooking and spinning for a month in the fall, slide lectures for schools and the introductory slide show for visiting school groups. These are exciting projects, but they hardly tap the educational po¬ tential of the Institute. These programs serve small numbers of different people very well. (We have had about 4,500 people participate in the various activities of the education department.) But it is inefficient be¬ cause it does not serve the audience it could and because it is makeshift. The second alternative would solve the problem of the growing number of school visits. It calls for the elimination of the education de¬ partment as such and suggests that the museum add another member to its staff whose job would be to schedule school groups and provide them with a program. We have made a step in this direction with the slide introduction. But this spring it has taken three people a great deal of time to handle the scheduling and greeting of hundreds of school groups. During the months of greatest visitation (September-Novem- ber and March-June) this would indeed be a full-time job for one per¬ son. The rest of the time could be spent on musuem projects in a cura¬ torial or secretarial capacity as well as with guide-training or other edu¬ cational projects as time permitted. This plan is more efficient than the first because it meets needs the Institute already has. It can handle the demands of the school groups and provide help in the museum but it does not serve school children in the best way and it eliminates the effectiveness of a separate department. I believe the Institute is in a position to make new and exciting use of its collections in programs for all types of school audiences. The first requirement for a successful educational program is a belief in its pur¬ pose and commitment to it. A year of experimentation has passed; it is no longer wise to work in a vacuum. Explicit education should become part of the Institute’s policy. Plan three calls for the development of a number of different lecture- demonstrations which use material from the library and museum col¬ lections, both on display and in storage. These demonstrations would concentrate on one part of the Essex County past which has been pre- 340 ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS served at the Essex Institute. Carding, spinning, dying, and weaving wool is one example. Furniture styles and construction is another. Tools, printing, herbs and colonial cooking, toys are parts of an endless list of objects which could be used in this way. Four, perhaps more of these programs, should be developed as soon as possible. During the school year, they would run in a series, each one lasting a week or more at a time and then rotating to the next. Each program would be set up and presented for an allotted time, then dismantled so that next could be set up. Schools could plan to participate in only one or all of the programs. Each program would try to relate to the museum displays so that the students would begin to learn that a museum, like a library, can be visited and revisited with renewed interest. An important corollary of this program would be a series of work¬ shops and open houses for teachers and curriculum directors in the area to show what our programs are and expose them to the possibilities of making our facilities part of their curriculum. Several school systems have already expressed interest in such cooperation. Our experimental programs have already shown that schools are interested in spending time and money on such programs. Schools would soon make the Es¬ sex Institute a regular part of the field trip schedule. Such a series would give an organization and form to the education department which would still be flexible. Within such a framework more programs could be developed and many talents employed; already both museum staff and volunteers from the community have demonstrated their interest and ability in teaching. With help there would be time for slide lectures, summer courses, even the kitchen garden. And once we begin, a mini¬ mal fee could make the rotating programs self-supporting. Flaving been given the opportunity to explore the Institute’s educa¬ tional potential, I conclude that it could offer school children an ex¬ posure to the history of their surroundings in ways that no other muse¬ um in Essex County could provide. The Institute has always had an im¬ plicit educational function, but its emphasis has been scholarly. We have neglected the young people to whom we have so much to offer. But we cannot begin without space. Thus far our activities have taken place in makeshift quarters on temporary chairs with little or no equip¬ ment. (We have had classes in the auditorium, the print room, various hallways, the Crowninshield-Bentley House, the second floor of the library, the Ward House, the museum gallery, even the gardens.) We ANNUAL REPORT I972-I973 341 need a space where thirty students can sit or work without disturbing other visitors. Here we could give school groups the introduction on a regular schedule. Here we could store our objects which are already crowding museum storage space. Classes could be held here as well as special lectures. And of course the series of programs cannot begin without a space. More important, this series cannot begin without decision. Plan three describes an education department as it could exist at the Essex Institute. By making a commitment to the goals of this plan, the education department could help the Essex Institute become important and meaningful to the children of Essex County and beyond. The education department is happy to report that since January 1, 1972, it has been able to pay the bulk of its expenses. The following is a brief summary of its earnings and spendings from January 1, 1972, to May l, 1973. EXPENSES Long distance phone calls $ 5-55 Postage 6.24 Film developing 79.56 Materials and expenses of Salem history class 37-40 Brochures 136.50 Fall program (expenses of volunteers) 111.30 Miscellaneous 51-72 CASH RECEIVED Film festival 24.75 Salem history class 60.00 Salem through Multi-Media 219.50 Fall program admissions 135.50 Lecture fees 75.00 TOTAL SPENDINGS $428.27 TOTAL EARNINGS $514-75 Respectfully submitted, Mary Larsen Director of Education REPORT OF THE TREASURER Accompanying this report are audited statements of account for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1973, reported upon by our auditors, Coopers &Lybrand. The accounts are presented in a substantially different format than heretofore and, therefore, a comparison with last year’s report is diffi¬ cult to present. There are two principal changes. First, expenses have been stated by department — that is to say, the museum, houses, publica¬ tions, library, and education — and all applicable expenses, including salaries, have been charged to these accounts. Second, the accounting has been placed on an accrual rather than a cash basis. The market value of endowment funds as of March 31, 1973, was $2,792,000 as compared with $2,720,000 a year ago. The books of the Institute are available in the treasurer’s office for examination by any member who wishes to see them. Respectfully submitted, Edward H. Osgood Treasurer AUDITORS’ REPORT To the Council of the Essex Institute: W e have examined the balance sheet of the Essex Institute as of March 31, 1973, and the statement of sources of revenues and funds used to meet expenses of current operations and the summary of changes in funds for the year then ended. Our examination was made in accor¬ dance with generally accepted auditing standards, and accordingly in¬ cluded such tests of the accounting records and such other auditing pro¬ cedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. In our opinion, the aforementioned statements present fairly the financial position of the Essex Institute at March 31, 1973, and the re¬ sults of its operations and changes in funds for the year then ended, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. Boston, Massachusetts Coopers & Lybrand May 8, 1973 certified public accountants 342 ANNUAL REPORT 1972-1973 343 ESSEX INSTITUTE Balance Sheet, March 31, 1973 Current fund assets: Cash Accrued dividends and interest Advance to author Publications in process Prepaid expenses Insurance proceeds receivable Endowment fund assets (Note A): Investments, at cost: Fixed income (market quotations $769,000) Equities (market quotations $2,023,000) Cash Plant fund assets (Note A): Land Institute buildings and improvements Period houses Cash Current funds and liabilities: Accrued expenses 1973 membership dues received in advance Unexpended balance of gifts, investment income, and other receipts for designated purposes Endowment funds: Restricted as to income Unrestricted as to income Accumulated net gain from sales of securities Plant funds: Expended for plant Unexpended $ 82,842 20,208 3,000 42,549 2,630 2,834 154,063 843,659 884,260 35,4iQ 1,763,329 101,288 756,138 223,029 9,514 1,089,969 $3,007,361 $ 11,179 6,090 136,794 154,063 501,216 814,698 447,4U 1,763,329 1,080,455 9,5H 1,089,969 $3,007,361 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements. 344 ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS ESSEX INSTITUTE Statement of Sources of Revenues and Funds Used to Meet Expenses of Current Operations for the year ended March 31, 1973 OPERATING EXPENSES: Direct expenses: Museum $ 49,277 Houses 22,728 Publications 19,443 Library 36,058 Education 15,249 Costs attributable to all Institute activities: Administration and general 77,888 Operation and maintenance 47,960 $268,603 REVENUES AND FUNDS USED: Operating income: Admissions $ 8,152 Membership dues 15,400 Publications 9,520 Other income 2,343 35,415 James D. Phillips Trust 17,588 Endowment fund unrestricted income 82,544 Gifts, investment income, and other receipts for designated purposes availed of 63,585 Unrestricted funds used to meet operating expenses 69,471 $268,603 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements. Oj T-l Vj CO C rt oq VJ & Ox vO oo th On rq NO r« •* Vl rt" O VH vo oo to vo Ov VO rt" rt" tH rq vo TO On rt- oo rt" vo t> t> oo 1 o' CN NO*' rt- NO oo OO rt- t> T-l T-l T-l rq Ov o rx O On Os <3 to U P* <5 s Q w O £ w . « fl H H « P ^ H w X H Pi o P4 H C/5 z X g w g c/5 £ CO ^ S * OS tH ''o'* NO ^ C § 52 .2 i2 ,r52 .52 ^ ro rt" l> rt" oo oo #X #X vo O OO OO VO rq t-i ts rq to On rt" oo rt" O vo l> of oo oo tO 5 vo rx rq oo vo rt" vo t> T-l t> #\ NO NO O t> NO *\ m m 'O rx Os oo oo T-l oo oo vo rx t> tH NO t> T-l VO OO VO oo #N m to rt- rx On NO o On oo CN , — ^ ^ — S I> CO vo CO rq rH rx rx t> tH v — ’ tH , _ ^ ^ v vo OO oo oo vo tH •X rx CO co NO CO V - ^ v!S tH T-l to vo On ex rt" NO rt" OO NO rx t> rt- vo OO o' T-l On O oo rx rt" vo r-i to 8 rt" OO OO oo t> vo rq O VO OO t> NO OO «v «v *v vo rq r-i oo to VO NO VO OO rt" rq no rt- tH vo t-i Os vo t> m rq vo tH 6 tH to 1 C/5 W o fc «< w u Ph O >* Pi < s s P> C/5 o «u n O ^ S T« *§ 'a cs oq R On O oo tH rx NO rq to O l> rq T-i OO rt- rx fv oo oo I> rt" tJ- OO to o t> oo #N NO 5 C/5 C*-i O C/5 o tH r\ ■rj- NO C/5 T3 CP ’-O d rt 4-> O H rt" rq T-l vo rt" vo Os ro Os m o' vo ro NO Ov l> «T rq NO o CJ o 2. vo rq c\ ON rt” On rq to o d • H 4— > § 8 o-i i ^3 ►> 4-> r-i .a ° & ^-Td c/5 m cd a C/5 o 'Td o o C/5 4-> t-i U i o cu Cw C/5 CJ C/5 4-> C/5 O O 0-1 0-1 £ ’"d 'S l-l Ph d C/5 3 ^ M O C/5 H -^3 P-1 W Ph :g-S The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements. 346 ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS ESSEX INSTITUTE Notes to Financial Statements A. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies: The Institute maintains its accounts on the accrual basis. Land, Institute buildings, period houses and major improvements are reflected on the balance sheet at cost. No provision for depreciation has been charged to operations. The cost of works of art, furniture and equipment and minor renovations are charged to funds established for such purposes. Investments are carried at cost or, if donated, at market value at the date of donation. Gains and losses from sales are reflected in the period in which realized. Investment income is distributed on a unit basis which reflects the ratio of the related funds in¬ vested in the pooled portfolio at market value. B. Retirement Plan: During 1973, the Institute initiated a contributory retirement plan which covers sub¬ stantially all full-time employees. The plan is administered by the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association. Plan assets are not included in the Institute’s financial state¬ ments. Total pension expense for the year charged to operations was $3,134. The plan is a defined contribution type plan wherein benefits are based on accumulated con¬ tributions. C. James D. Phillips Trust: The Institute is a beneficiary of the James D. Phillips Trust. The assets of the Trust are managed by its trustees and are not included in the assets of the Institute. Under the terms of the Trust, ten percent of the investment income is annually added to principal until such time as $100,000 has accumulated. At the discretion of the Institute’s Coun¬ cil, such amount may then be used for building purposes. As of September 30, 1972, $27,833 had been accumulated in the Trust. ANNUAL REPORT I972-I973 347 CALENDAR OF EVENTS April 1, 1972 - March 31, 1973 Spring Lecture Series April 13. “The Opening of the Oriental Tea Trade” by Henry Ash¬ ton Crosby Forbes, Director of the Museum of American China Trade and of the Captain Robert Bennet Forbes House at Milton. April 20. “Thoughts on Tea in England and the Colonies in the Eigh¬ teenth Century” by Gertrude Z. Thomas, book author and con¬ tributor to Antiques and Connoisseur. April 27. “The Changing Shapes of Ceramics and Furniture for Tea” by Margaret B. Munier Babcock, consultant, researcher, and lec¬ turer in the field of American decorative arts. May 4. “Silver and Pewter Tea Accouterments” by Raymond Shep¬ herd, Jr., Assistant Curator of Decorative Arts after 1700, Phila¬ delphia Museum of Art. May 4. A May Basket Lunch served following the lecture; a special exhibition of furniture, ceramics, and costumes of the different periods from private collections and that of the Essex Institute, showing the evolution of the tea table through the centuries. Training Course for House Guides May 11, 18, and 25. May 25. George S. Parker Memorial Lecture: James Reston, Vice- President of the New York Times , on “The Emergence of China.” June 20-21. Working Conference on Essex County History. July 1 - September 16. An exhibition of evening dresses, “One En¬ chanted Evening,” arranged by the Honorary Curator of Costumes, John Burbidge. August 15 - November 12. An exhibition of political cartoons and broadsides, “Electing a President in the Nineteenth Century.” October 3 . Fall Outing, a tour of Andover and North Andover visiting the Merrimack Valley Textile Museum, the Johnson Cottage, the North Andover Historical Society, the Parson Barnard House, the Addison Gallery of American Art, and the Andover Inn. 348 ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS October 8. Concert by the Collegium Musicum, Dennis M. Michaud, Director. October 18. Lyceum Lecture: “Emily Dickinson’s Affair with her ‘Sweet Salem’,” by Joseph Williams, Professor of English, Salem State College. December 9. “Christmas at the Dolls’ House,” a party for children. December 10. A concert given by the North Shore Community Music School. December 15, 1972 - April 13, 1973. Exhibition of Early American Glass (S. Prescott Fay Collection). January 21 - March 4, 1973. A loan exhibition of sculpture by Beverly Benson Seamans. Film Series: Three Faces of Art January 23, 24, 25. “Buddhism in China.” February 20, 21, 22. “Art of the Conservator.” March 20, 21, 22. “Hawthorne’s ‘Young Goodman Brown’.” February 16. An illustrated lecture on “The Influence of the Far East on English Furniture,” by Helena Hayward, a Director of the Atting- ham Summer School, Shropshire, England. Lectures and Courses by the Division of Education Summer 1972. A six-week course on the five periods of Salem his¬ tory: Puritans in New England, 1626-1662 Colonial Days and the Revolution, 1662-1790 The Federal Period, 1790-1845 The Late 19th Century, 1845-1900 The 20th Century, Community in Crisis June 28, August 14, 16, 19, and 21. “Salem through Multi-Media,” a panorama of Salem’s history told through film, slides, and tapes, by the Media Workshop, Inc. July 24. Workshop in spinning and weaving. October 16 - November 3. Demonstration class, “Colonial Food and Clothing Production.” ANNUAL REPORT 1972-1973 349 March 1 - June 15, 1973. Daily demonstration and talk on American furniture using museum pieces. March 13. Film presentation, “The Islands Nobody Wanted,” with a talk by Chester E. Frost on Bermuda. March 20, 21, and 22. “An Afternoon with Hawthorne,” a short talk introducing the film dramatization of Hawthorne’s story “Young Goodman Brown.” Slide lectures offered to schools: “Abolition in Essex County,” “Sa¬ lem in the Nineties.” Meetings Sponsored by Outside Institutions Historic Salem: April 12, May 9, 1972; January 23, March 27, 1973. Children’s Friend and Family Service Society Annual Meeting: April 18, 1972. Arts Accessibility Conference, Massachusetts Council on the Arts and Humanities: May 26, 1972. Doric Dames Annual Meeting: November 30, 1972. Salem State College Convocation: December 8, 1972. Mayor’s Reception following Old Town Hall ceremony, in Essex Institute garden: July 17, 1972. 350 ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS DONORS TO THE ESSEX INSTITUTE FUND April 1, 1972 - March 31, 1973 Abbott, Lilly S. Adams, Mrs. E. Gerald (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Ames, James B. (in memory of Jessie Landreth Osgood Peirce) Anonymous Bachorowski, Mrs. Joseph A. (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Bacon, Dr. William Benjamin Barker, Elizabeth G. Barnett, Eleanor G. Bartlett, Mr. & Mrs. Philip W., Jr. (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Batchelder, Mrs. Roland B. Beard, Frank A. Benson, Mrs. George E. Bird, Charles Sumner Bissell, Mrs. Alfred E. Boulger, James H., Jr. Bourgoin, Mrs. Alice Smith Bourne, Philip W. Bowden, Mr. & Mrs. W. Hammond Bradlee, Mr. & Mrs. Sargent (in memory of Ross Whittier) Broadhead, Eleanor Brown, Mrs. A. Shirley (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Brown, Slater Buhler, Mrs. Yves Henry Butler, Warren H. Butterfield, Roger Carpenter, William T. (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Carroll, Mrs. Henry G. Carroll, Mr. & Mrs. Richard S. Chick, Mrs. W. C. (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Chenery, Augustine J. Chisholm, Mrs. William Clark, C. E. Frazer, Jr. Clement, Mrs. George K. Clough, Mrs. Micajah P., Jr. (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Conley, Mrs. Patrick Connolly, John B. Cook, Mr. & Mrs. Wallace C. Cooke, Mr. & Mrs. Theodore C. (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Coolidge, Laurence Copeland, Mrs. Charles H. P. Crocker, Mrs. U. Haskell Daughters of the American Revolution, Col. Timothy Pickering Chapter Davis, Dr. & Mrs. Stilman G., Jr. De Blois, Dr. Elizabeth Dimond, Mr. & Mrs. Lee A. Doering, Mrs. Ralph H., Jr. Durnin, Richard G. Dyer, Mrs. John R. Eilts, Hon. Hermann F. Emerson, Mrs. Ralf P. (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) English, Mrs. William D. Ervin, Mrs. Robert Gilpin Essex County Newspapers, Inc. Fales, Mrs. Dean A. Farnham, Elizabeth R. Farnham, Ruth R. Fellows, Joseph E., Jr. Felton, Mr. & Mrs. Cornelius C. Fonda, Douglass C., Jr. Forbes, H. A. Crosby Freeman, Mr. & Mrs. William W. K. (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Friends of the St. Louis Art Museum Frothingham, Mr. & Mrs. Theodore, m Fulton, Mrs. John F. Gamage, Mr. & Mrs. Peter Gardner, Mr. & Mrs. G. Peabody Garland, Mr. & Mrs. Joseph E. Glover, George Goodhue, Mr. & Mrs. Albert Goodspeed, George T. Gray, Mr. & Mrs. Francis C. ANNUAL REPORT I972-I973 351 Gray, Hope Gray, Mrs. Robert J. (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Gring, Mrs. Paul Hammond, Mr. & Mrs. Roland B. Hand, Mr. & Mrs. John Haskell, Mrs. Paul T. (in memory of Paul T. Haskell) Hayes, Donald P., Jr. Heath, Mrs. J. Andrew Herb Society of America Hixon, Frederick W. Holcomb, H. Sherman Homans, George C. Houghton, Mr. & Mrs. William M. Howard, Mrs. Charles P. (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Howson, Mrs. Hubert A. Hunneman, Eleanor S. Hunt, Mr. & Mrs. Donald F. Jainschigg, Mrs. Janet G. Jaques, Mrs. Rupert Ward Johnson, Malcolm Johnson, Richard B. Jones, Mrs. Homer Kauders, Mr. & Mrs. Erick Keene, Mrs. Gerry & family (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Kent, Mrs. Gertrude B. Kieman, Russell W. Knight, Russell W. Larrabee, Helen Gardner Lee, Helene G. Lee, Joseph Little, Mrs. Bertram K. Little, Mr. & Mrs. David B. (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Lord, Mr. & Mrs. Philip H. (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Loring, Augustus P. Loring, Mr. & Mrs. Caleb, Jr. Lovett, Robert W. Lunt, Daniel B. McCrea, Vice Adm. & Mrs. John L. McKean, Mrs. Henry P. Macomber, Harold G. Mahoney, Nancy Mason, Mrs. Henry L. Merriam, Mr. & Mrs. Frederic C. Murdock, Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth B. Murray, Mr. & Mrs. Albert C. Museum Contribution Box Nash, Mr. & Mrs. Nathaniel C. (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Nichols, Mr. & Mrs. Henry C. Nutting, Donald E. Odell, Mrs. Raymond H. Oliver, Andrew Osgood, Edward H. Osgood, Mrs. Edward H., Sr. Peirson, Mrs. Edward L. Perley, Eleanor Spofford Phillips, Charlotte Palmer, Foundation, Inc. Phillips, Mr. & Mrs. Drayton Phillips, Edward Hake Phillips, Stephen (u/w) Pickering Oil Heat, Inc. Pingree, Mrs. Sumner Pratt, Mr. & Mrs. Oliver G. Proctor, Mr. & Mrs. Thomas E. Pulsifer, Mr. & Mrs. Frank Rantoul, Harriet C. Reader’s Digest Association, Inc. Riches, Mrs. George E. Robb, J. Hampden Robinson, Mrs. William H., Jr. Rogers, Bertha F. Ropes, Mrs. Lawrence G. Ross, Mr. & Mrs. Clifford Rotundo, Mrs. Barbara Russell, Mr. & Mrs. Renouf Russell, Mrs. Richard S. St. Michael’s Church Salem Glass Co. Sargent, Mrs. Fred Carroll Sawtelle, Chester M. Seamans, Mrs. Richard D. Sedgwick, Mrs. Ellery 352 ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Setze, Josephine Shepard, Mr. & Mrs. Frederick J., Jr. Shulman, Dr. Maurice H. Small, Edwin W. Smith, C. Fred, Jr. Smith, Peter Smith, Mrs. Philip Horton Smith, S. Abbot Sprague, Mrs. Charles Francis (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Stage, John Lewis Stenberg, Henry G., Jr. Stevens, Adelia R. (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Stevens, Ezra F. Steward, Charles A. Steward, Mr. & Mrs. Gilbert L. Steward, Gilbert L., Jr. Storrow, James J. Stuart, Willoughby I. Sutton, Mr. & Mrs. Gardner Sutton, Harry, Jr. Swope, Mr. & Mrs. William A. Tapley, Charles S. Taylor, Helen P. Thompson, Mrs. Francis J. (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Thompson, Dr. & Mrs. Richard H. Thorndike, Mrs. Richard K. Topsfield Historical Society Townsend, Gertrude Trask, Mr. & Mrs. Richard B. Usher, Mrs. Abbott P. (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Vogel, Mr. & Mrs. Frederick, III (in memory of Ross Whittier) Vose, Mr. & Mrs. S. Morton Wallace, William & Co., Inc. Waller, Mrs. J. B. W. Warner, Mrs. Frederick L. (in memory of Mrs. Alexander Hutchins) Wendt, Mrs. Henry O. West, Mr. & Mrs. Richard S. Weyburn, Mrs. Lyon Wheatland, Barbara Wheatland, Mrs. David P. Wheatland, Stephen Wheeler, Mr. & Mrs. Howard (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Whittier, Mr. & Mrs. Ross Williams, Mrs. Osgood Wilmerding, John Winthrop, Clara B., Charitable Fund Wong, Mr. & Mrs. David F. (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Woods, Charles A., Jr. (in memory of J. Andrew Heath) Xanthaky, Mrs. Nicholas Young, Mrs. Charles M. DONORS TO THE MUSEUM AND HISTORIC HOUSES Alpers, Mr. and Mrs. Moses Ames, James B. Bevins, Mrs. Wesley E., Jr. Broadbridge, Mrs. Leslie Broadhead, Eleanor Broadhead, Elizabeth Cate, Mary R. Clements, Roland Dexter, Mr. and Mrs. John F. Driver, Helen S., Bequest of Dunn, Elinor L. Estabrook, June M. Fenno, Hazel G., Bequest of Foley, Daniel J. Gray, Hope Hamblet, Newman Hammond, Roland Hardenbergh, Mrs. Clarence Harford, Mrs. C. Gordon Harriman, Joan Frye, Estate of Harriman, Mrs. Roger L. Ingraham, Mrs. Franc D. ANNUAL REPORT 1972-1973 353 Jenkins, Mrs. Paul Jorgensen, Torkil Little, Ellen W. Low, Mrs. Roswell B. Murphy, Mrs. Ray D. Nichols, Mary S., Estate of Northey, Richard P. Norton, Arthur R. Norton, David W. Payson, Gilbert R. Peabody Museum Pierce, John F. Plow, Mrs. E. C. Rice, Mrs. Thomas G. Ropes, Mrs. Lawrence Ross, Katherine Wellman, Estate of Salem Fire Department Stacey, Hazel Felt Sturtevant, Mrs. Theodore Syle, Irene M. Taylor, Mrs. Charles H. Vamey, Gladys U. Watts, Mrs. Albert E. Webster, Mrs. Peter T. Wendt, Mrs. H. O. Wheatland, David P. Williams, Mrs. Osgood Wright, John H. DONORS TO THE JAMES DUNCAN PHILLIPS LIBRARY Allen, Thomas J. Alpers, Mr. & Mrs. Moses American Antiquarian Society American Association for State & Local History Appleton, Janet Association of American Railroads Australian National University, Research School of Pacific Studies Bailey, Parker Ballou, James H. Barry, Mrs. Thomas H. Bevins, Mrs. Wesley E., Jr. Bishop, Robert Boucher, Ronald L. Bradford Junior College Bradlee, Sargent Broadhead, Eleanor Broadhead, Elizabeth Brown, Robert F. California, University of, at Davis; Agricultural History Center Callahan, Theodore J. Cascio, Robert J. Cate, Mary Ropes Chalfin, Samuel F. Chamberlain, Mr. & Mrs. Samuel Children’s Friend and Family Service Society of the North Shore, Inc. Chung Wu Pub. Co. Clark, C. E. Frazer, Jr. Clark, James W., Jr. Collins, Richard A., Jr. Congdon, Marion Parker Connelly, Mrs. Charles J. Copeland, Mrs. Charles H. P. Crossman, Carl L. Cummings, Michael J. Curwen, Elinor E. Davis, Judith Dawes, C. Burr Derby, Mrs. Richard Detroit Public Library Dixon, Joseph L. Donnelley, R. R., & Sons Co. Drucksache Ducharme, Arthur Duffy, Mrs. Irving Dummer, William Dunne, Elizabeth Kellogg Durnin, Richard G. Easley, Peter Ebsco Subscription Services Ellis, Mrs. Raymond W. Emerson, Mrs. Ralf P. Endicott Junior College Evans, Mrs. Nancy Goyne Farber, Bernard Fawcett, Mrs. Frederick J., n Fearon, Sheppard Percy 354 ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Fenno, Hazel G., Estate of Fergusson, Sir James Fitzsimmons, James Foley, Daniel J. Fonda, Douglass C., Jr. Fox, Carl Framingham Public Library Freedman, Alexander Friends of the Newburyport Waterfront Frisch, Susan Frost, Chester E. Gavenda, David T. Gibson, Harold H., Jr. Gildrie, Richard P. Goodale, Marion P. Greater Lawrence Chamber of Commerce Grilley, Virginia Hagar, Helen Hall, Mrs. John B. Hamlyn Group Hanners, Roger Harriman, Mrs. Roger L. Harris, John Hastings House, Publishers, Inc. Head, Mrs. H. C. Herb Society of America Historical Survey Associates, Inc., Newburyport, Mass. Hoerder, Dirk Holberg, Mrs. Richard A. Holcomb, H. Sherman Holt, Mrs. Carlisle H. Hooper, Edwin B. Huntington, Lester Hutchinson, William R. Ingraham, Mrs. Franc D. Jewett, Mr. & Mrs. Everett D. Johns Hopkins University Jones, Alice Hanson Kasabian, Robert J. Kebabian, John S. Kemble, Mrs. Parker Landshoff, H. Lawrence, A. C., Leather Co. Leavitt, Thomas W. Lefavour, Mrs. Edgar L. Lippincott, J. B., Co. Little, Benjamin Little, Mrs. Bertram K. Little, David B. London, University of; Institute of Historical Research MacFarland, Mrs. Evelyn Maine Historical Society Marblehead Historical Commission Marchand, Mrs. Wilfred Marion, Frieda Mason, Raymond G. Massachusetts Historical Society McCann, Kenneth S., Sr. Mclntire, Reginald M. Merrimack Valley Textile Museum Mlot-Mroz, Jozef Murdock, Kenneth B. National Gallery of Art National Housewares Manufactures Association Nelson, Cyril I. New England Press Association Newman, Harold Nissenbaum, Stephen Noble, Mrs. Harry North Andover Historical Society Norton, Mrs. Arthur R. Norton, Rev. David O’Keefe, Joseph A. Old Sturbridge Village Library Payson, Gilbert R. Payson, Mrs. Gilbert R. Peabody Museum of Salem, Trustees of Perley, Eleanor S. Peter Smith, Publisher, Inc. Phillips, Mrs. Stephen Pierce, John F. The Pilgrim Society Pitkin, Anne de Forest Porter, Dorothy B. Post, Robert C. Potter, Mrs. Charles A. Powers, John C. Prescott, Worrall D. Procopio, Mary A. Proctor, Joseph R. Proper, David R. Putnam, Alfred P. Raddin, George Gates, Jr. Rantoul, Harriet C. Raymond, Samuel E. ANNUAL REPORT 1972-1973 355 Rice, Mrs. Thomas G. Rice University, Department of History Richmond, Mrs. Aaron Rome Historical Society, Rome, New York SafFord, Carleton L. Salem Chamber of Commerce Salem, City of Salem Female Charitable Society Salem High School Sanderson, Page Sandston, M. Dow Scholarly Resources, Inc. Seamans, Mr. & Mrs. Peter B. Seamans, Mrs. Richard D. Seeler, Edgar Seeler, Katherine Semler, George H., Jr. Seward, Deborah Shea, Mr. & Mrs. Chester V. Sherman, Mrs. Robert M. Silverman, Arnold Smith, Mrs. A. W. Smith, Mrs. M. Ritchie Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Art The Springfield Library and Museums Association Taylor, Davis Thought and Work Club Throop, Beryl Estelle Burch Throop, Walter Fay Toomey, Augustine J. Townsend, Samuel J. C. Trask, Richard Tupper, Dr. Eleanor Tupper Family Association of America Twiss, Chester Tyler, Mrs. Myra J. University of Massachusetts Press University of Missouri Press University Press of Virginia Upton, Eleanor S. Vinovskis, Maris A. Wadsworth Atheneum Walker, Harold S. Waterfield Free School Wellman, Alice N. Wetherbee, David Whaling and Marine Manuscript Archives Wheatland, David P. Wheatland, Richard Wheatland, Stephen Whipple, Henry B. Williams, Constance Williams, George E. Wires, Dorothy H. Wiswall, Richard H., Jr. Zoll, Samuel E. DONORS TO SPECIAL PROJECTS Anonymous: lighting maintenance, Stephen Phillips Educational Program, Peirce-Nichols House Assembly House Endowment Fund: Aldrich, Mrs. Talbot Coolidge, Mrs. Usher P. de Laittre, Mrs. Karl Smith, Mary Silver Biographical research on Elias C. Larrabee for the museum: Larrabee, Helen Gardner Dried floral arrangements: Nelson, Mrs. Bruce Essex County Economic History Project: Davisson, William I. Illustrations for Essex Institute Historical Collections : Phillips, Charlotte Palmer, Foundation, Inc. Library purposes: Jewell, Margaret H., Bequest of Rosa, Mr. & Mrs. Alfred F. Lighting decorations for doll house, Christmas 1972: Ladies Committee of the Essex Institute ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS 356 Louise du Pont Crowninshield Gardens: Foley, Daniel J. Harrison, Mrs. Alfred C. Matching funds for the cleaning of the portrait of John Leverett: Massachusetts Council on the Arts and Humanities Museum Objects Fund: Boyer, Mr. & Mrs. William F. Peirce-Nichols House: Berube, A. & Son, Inc. Dodge, Alice L. C. Hardenbergh, Mrs. Clarence Nichols, Mrs. George Nichols, Dr. George, Jr. Pingree House Endowment Fund: Fulton, Mrs. John F. Wheatland, David P. Wheatland, Stephen Safford House: Little, Mr. & Mrs. David B. Transportation charges for portrait to Essex Institute: Syle, Irene M. Repair of clocks in Pingree House: Bradlee, Sargent Collating Byfield Parish papers: Jewett, Mr. & Mrs. Everett D. Program for the Beverly B. Seamans sculpture exhibition: Seamans, Mr. & Mrs. Donald C. Toward publication of Vol. ix of the Records and Files of the Quarterly Courts of Essex County: Threlfall, John B. Study of creating classroom space at Essex Institute: Wheatland, Mrs. David P. 1972 Spring Lecture Series: Alpers, Mrs. Moses Barton, Mrs. Richard M. Bourne, Mrs. Philip W. Follett, William S. Goodhue, Mrs. Albert Halvorson, Mrs. Cromwell A. B. Hinds, Mrs. E. Sturgis Mason, Mrs. Henry L. Putnam, Mrs. Alfred P. Rasiel, Mrs. Amram Wheatland, Mrs. David P. Set of blueprints of the Narbonne House on Essex St., Salem, Mass.: Callahan, Theodore J. Photographs and slides: Baldwin, James C. Congress of the United States, House of Representatives Curwen, Elinor E. Daggett, Richard V. Devoe, Emile Frost, Chester E. Goodhue, Albert Haskell, Mrs. Paul T. Lynn Historical Society Norton, Mrs. Arthur R. Norton, Rev. David W. Rice, Mrs. Thomas G. Wheatland, David P. Furniture: Steward, Charles A. ANNUAL REPORT I972-I973 357 STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, AND CIRCULATION 1. Date of Filing: October 6, 1972. 2. Title of Publication: Essex Institute Historical Collections. 3. Frequency of Issue: Quarterly. 4. Location of Office of Publication: Essex Institute, 132 Essex St., Salem, Mass. 5. Location of General Business Offices of the Publishers: Essex Institute, 132 Essex St., Salem, Mass. 01970. 6. Names and Addresses of Publisher and Editor: Essex Institute, 132 Essex St., Salem, Mass. David B. Little, 132 Essex St., Salem, Mass. 7. The owner is the Essex Institute. 8. Known Bondholders, Mortgagees, and other Security Holders Owning or Hold¬ ing 1 Percent or More of Total Amount of Bonds, Mortgages, or Other Securities: None. 9. The purpose, function, and nonprofit status of this organization and the exempt status for federal income tax purposes have not changed during preceding 12 months. 10. Extent and Nature of Circulation: Average No. Copies Actual Number of Copies Each Issue During of Single Issue Published Preceding 12 Months Nearest to Filing Date Total No. Copies Printed 1,383 1,350 Mail Subscriptions 1,152 1,105 Total Paid Circulation 1,152 1,105 Total Distribution Office Use, Left-Over, Unaccounted, 1,152 1,105 Spoiled after Printing 231 245 Total 1,383 1,350 I certify that the statements made by me above are correct and complete. David B. Little, Editor 358 ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS NECROLOGY 1972-1973 Date elected Barker, B. Devereux December 1, 1919 Cruttenden, Miss Florence May 1, 1922 Barnes Currier, Dudley S. D’Entremont, Henry William Emilio, S. Gilbert Gring, Mrs. Paul Heath, J. Andrew HefFernan, Raymond L. Landolphi, Michael Lunt, Mrs. Daniel B. McKay, Hunter B. Rider, Albert L. Rogers, Dudley Pickman Ross, Miss Katherine W. Waller, Adm. J. B. W. Wales, Mr. John W. Whittier, Ross June 2, 1970 February 13, 1945 June 3, 1929 December 4, 1962 July 7, 1933 December 13, 1949 January 8, 1957 June 12, 1945 September 11, 1962 June 11, 1946 February 2, 1920 June 9, 1954 June 8, 1971 June 2, 1970 March 6, 1962 Date deceased October 27, 1972 January 6, 1973 March 13, 1973 October 5, 1972 February 20, 1973 February 12, 1973 September 11, 1972 August 23, 1972 December 19, 1972 February 3, 1973 September 3, 1972 October 17, 1972 October 4, 1972 July 22, I972 February 23, 1973 February 27, 1973 February 13, 1973 WELLS BINDERY, INC. SEP 1979 WALTHAM, MASS. 02154 *