J^^ /(Le^6y^<^(i^^ Fifteenth Annual Report I OF THE ;cGAME AND FISHERIES DEPARTMENT 1921 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO TORONTO: led and Published by CLARKSON W. JAMES, Printer to the Kin^'e Most Excellent Majesty 1922 Printed by THE RYBRSOlN PRESS- Z^(^^ To His Honour Henry Cockshutt, Esc, Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario. May it Please Your Honour: I have the honour to submit herewith, for the information of Your Honour and the Legislative Assembh^, the Fifteenth Annual Report of the Game and Fish- eries Department of this Province. I have the honour to be, Your Honour's most obedient servant, Toronto, 1922 H. Mills, Minister of Mines. FIFTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Game and Fisheries Department of Ontario To the Honourable H. Mills, Minister of Mines. Sir, — I have the honour to place before you the Fifteenth Annual Report of the work of the Game and Fisheries Department for the fiscal 3-ear ending the .'Ust day of October, 1921. The net revenue of the Department continues to increase and for the first time it will be shown that the net surplus in the Department proper exceeds the total expenditures by 837,755.12, and the total net revenue for the year amounts to $379,739.16, of which amount the Department proper contributed S325,363.99, and the Sales Branch S54,375.17. A statement of the Sales Branch operations is shown elsewhere in this report. Comparative Statement of Revenue and Expenditure — 1916-1921, Inc. as showTi in the Public Accounts. Revenue. Expenditure. Surplits. lOlf) §174,186 71 $157,68194 S16,.")04 77 1917 219,442 94 1.54,055 17 65,:«7 77 191S 258,67162 167,795 22 90,876 40 1919 .346,197 14 185,247 72 160,949 42 1920 466,550 86 2.39,978 1.3 226,.572 73 1921 612,972 86 287,608 87 325,363 99 Sales Branch. 1921 §258,057 73 S203,682 56 .So4,375 17 Statistics The different figures and .statements presented herein furnisliing statistics of the Department have been carefully prepared and pro\idcs very interesting and valuable information. Fish. Tlie ronnaercial fisheries of tlie I'rnviiicc are shown in comparison, as follows: — 1919 ('.ill Nets licen.scd fvard.s) 5,960,1.>S Seines " 190 Pound Nets " 1.144 Hoop Nets " 1,417 Dip iiiid Pioll N(!t.s licensed .36 Spc:irs " 199 Hooks " (;9.000 \uiiil)er of men employed 4,1.56 Number of Tu^s 123 " riasoline Boats . . 768 Sail or Row Boat.s. . 1.285 Estimated value of boats, ice houses, wharves ;nul twine . . . . ?.3,f).'{9.682 flO .\pgrepate C'nteh in I'ouiuls .38,1 15. t")S Estimated value to fishermen . . . .'?2,72I,410 24 1920 1921 5,.501,827 6,181,883 168 180 1 , 080 1 ,0.52 1,442 1,445 29 41 122 116 64,330 78,66.3 3,693 3,600 124 116 80.3 924 1 ,088 1,100 .S3,2tl9.97l 00 .S.!,l5i,SlO 00 .38,. 501,. 5.33 :'.r has only been recently established and only made possil)le to a large extent by the co-o{)eration of the Hydro Electric Power Commission, who have given permission to use a large island exclusively for the rearing of water fowl 1920 43,985,000 31,030,000 1,134,000 920,000 286,700 427,200 460 1921 115,9.50.000 27,625,000 110.400 9,740,000 1,147.-500 773,.500 742 77,783,360 155,347,142 1922 GAME AND FISHEBIES. and other game birds and animals. The water on this Sanctuary will be protected and made attractive for water fowl of everj' specie while the collecting of speckled trout spawn at this point will prove beneficial when developed and distributed as fry to all suitable waters. Wild Celery and Wild Rice. Dm-ing the year the Department caused a quantity of wild celery plants and wild rice seed to be placed in suitable waters in the districts of Muskoka, Parr}' Sound and other districts as far west as Rainy River and Kenora, and the results obtained have shown the success of the undertaking and worthy of further work of this nature, which is given ever}' support by the many local fish and game associations. These plants reproduce and spread rapidly and will soon provide the needed food to attract water-fowl in the various districts. Game. Moose and Deer. — In issuing resident moose and deer licenses for the year, a questionaire was furnished with a view of ascertaining sportsmen's opinion on taking deer with dogs, and also as to open seasons. The results of this question- aire by Counties or Districts were as follows : — County or District Favoring use of Dogs Agamst use of Dogs Totals Local non-local Local non-local Favoring Against Hunters Hunters Hunters Hunters Dogs Dogs Addington Algoma Bruce Carleton Dundas Frontenac Grenville Haliburton Hastings Kenora Lanark Leeds Manitoulin Muskoka Nipissing Parry Sound Peterboro Rainy River Renfrew Russell and Prescott. Sudbury Timiskaming Thunder Bay Victoria Unclassified 59 337 65 113 3 318 35 55 554 49 205 1 12 317 229 596 367 20 368 26 157 55 38 73 156 41 46 215 87 163 722 140 500 862 7 23 1 72 24 24 37 1 137 3.. 457 38 139 108 34 142 8 2... 43 2 287 6 53 342 59 320 251 59 874 310 166. . . 49 166 49 104 4 254 108 1 1 1 45 62 19 57 81 419 77 164 736 241 655 305 278 884 583 1,967 438 699 2,563 1,137 402 59 116 769 175 3 105 1 23 106 167 618 103 535 721 2... . . 28. . 319 367 206 476 573 31 61 38 86 99 7 329 6 45 335 21 30 11 94 41 621 .. . 272 621 272 Summary Local Non-Local Hunters Hunters Total Favoring use of Dogs 4,052 5,812 9,864 Against use of Dogs 3,911 2,252 6,163 Number of local hunters questioned 7,963 Number of non-local hunters questioned 8,064 The questionaire was not submitted to settltrs who are entitled to one deer eseh season witliout a license. .'^ THE REPORT UPON " No. 14 Number of hunters voting in favor of the present open seasons for deer 12,762 Number of hunters voting against the present open seasons for deer 1,056 Majority for present open seasons 11,706 Both deer and moose are reported to be quite plentiful, and licenses were issued in comparison with the previous year as follows: — 1920 1921 Resident Moose 1,988 1,989 Deer 16,943 18,689 Non-resident Hunting 796 950 Ruffed Grouse commonly known as Partridge. — An open season for these game birds was once more in effect, and the}^ have again become quite well es- tablished according to reports i-eceived from the districts where they are usually found. Quail and Pheasants are reported to a limited extent only in the south-western part of the province. Ducks and Geese are reported as plentiful and the season for same has been a satisfactory one to the sportsmen. Furs. The Fur market for the year has been quite satisfactory, and while it has been unsteady at times, yet inflated values were not obtained as in the previous year. 1920 1921 Licenses issued to Fur Dealers $34,850 27 $55,007 00 " " Trappers 75,223 54 99,360 00 These increases in revenue can be considered as satisfactory particularly when the market was such as to offer no extreme profits to either trapper or dealer, as was obtained during the early part of the 1920 season. Beaver. — Are still being taken in large numbers. Otter, Marten and Fisher. — Continue to be scarce. Muskrat. — Show a shght increase over the previous year. A comparison of pelts exported and tanned for the year as compared with the previous year is shown herewith: — 1920 1921 Exported and Tanned Exported and Tarmed Beaver Otter Fisher Marten Mink Muskrat Bear Fox (Cross) " (Red) " (Silver or Black) " (White) " (Not specified) Lynx Raccoon 96,006 95,479 4,094 4,759 4,069 2,602 6,315 6,533 33,695 42,667 434,066 479,866 409x 1,494 39x 287 23 Ix 5,282 llx 153 351 240x 23 170x 591 321x 11,951 1922 GAME AND FISHERIES. Skunk l,0S2x 47,121 Weasel 3,095x 58,898 W'ulverin ^ 12 Total 583,843 758,009 Tlic figures marked with x (;nver a period of only five months of the year 1920. The estimated value to the trapper base 1 on an average of the prices paid for the year is §3,268,967.50. Fur Farming. Dtiring the jTar ftir fanning permits were issued to keep for propagation purposes, appnj.xiiiiately the [(jhowing number of fur-bearing animals: — Beaver 2 Fox (Black) 103 Fisher 3 Lvnx 2 Fox (Cross) 240 Mink 83 P'ox (Red) 132 Raccoon 37 Fox (Silver) 593 Skunk 74 Enforcement of Act. The re-organization of the outside service was in effect for the first con^plete year, and the results obtained were very satisfactory. With a continuation of the system now established, a better enforcement of the laws will be attained tliaii under the sj'stem discontinued in the fall of 1920. Acknowledgment. In closing this report I desire to state that the Department has received willing co-operation in all matters from the Federal Government, Railway Officials and from the members of all Fish and Game Protective Associations seeking to establish better conditions and conservation of all game and fish. The staff has been loyal and efficient, and to them considerable credit is due for the continued success of the Department. All statistics referred to will be found elsewhere in this report, togethor with many other statistics in detail. All of which is respectfull}^ submitted. I am, Your obedient servant, (Sgd.) D. McDonald, Deputy Minister of Game and Fisheries JO THE TJEPOT^T UPOX Xo. 14 Statemknt of Revenue Received by Department of Game and Fisheries During Year Ending October 31, 1921 GAME Royalty on Furs Royalty of Coupons Trapi)ors" Licenses Non-Piosident Hunting Licenses. . Resident Deer Licenses Resident Moose Licenses I'ur Dealers' Licenses Tanners' Licenses Game Dealers' Licenses Hotel and Restaurant Licenses etc. Cold Storage Licenses Guides' Licenses Fines — Game Sales — Game S 71,007 SS 1()S.2GS S7 o«i,947 4(1 2:j,7;)() 00 oG,0G7 00 9,94", 00 ,jr,,29r, 00 :59r, 00 t)4r),oo 412 00 18o 00 ,S(J4 00 12r) 44 1, IS, 12,449 2r, S 410,256 84 FISHERIES Fishing Licenses Royalty, Fish Angling Permits I'lnes— Fish " Sales — Fish Miscellaneous 128,850 00 5,350 85 56,565 00 1,776 59 2,523 79 1,649 79 $ 196,716.02 GOVERNMENT FISH Salesof Fish, etc 258,057 73 S 258,057 73 ^^"^""^ i 871 ,030 59 1922 C4AME AND FISHERIES. 11 D. McDonald, Esq. Deputy Minister of Game and Fisheries, Parliament Buildings. Dear Sir: — I have pleasure in handing you herewith a financial report of the Sales Branch for the fiscal year ending October 31st, 1921, by which you will note that there has been a surplus of cash received over expenditures amounting to $54,375.17. The total fish purchased for the year amounts to 2,055,706 lbs. as against 2,269,401 lbs. of the previous year, and the municipalities supplied during the past year being 85 with 237 deal- ers, against 94 municipahties with 214 dealers for the previous year. All of which is respectfully submitted. Yours truly, (Sgd) Geo. H. Rapsey, Superintendent. SALES BRANCH INCOME AND EXPENDITURE FOR YEAR ENDING OCTOBER 31st, 1921 INCOME Cash, Paid Treasurer EXPENDITURE Paid Fishermen $ 111,961 56 Express, freight and cartage 39,341 92 Boxes and cases 10 , 501 79 St. Thomas Warehouse charges 122 36 Toronto Warehouse charges 20 , 321 16 Wages, Packing and Shipping, Macdiarmid 5 , 981 58 Salaries, Macdiarmid 2, 100 00 Salaries, Toronto Ofl5ces 5 , 205 26 Commission, — Purchasing 875 54 Travelling Expenses 161 95 Sundr}' Expense, Macdiarmid 2,013 92 Sundry Expense, Toronto 72 35 Ice 1,894 20 Postage and Stationery 607 61 Buildings, — Docks, Warehouse etc., Macdiarmid 553 07 Equipment and supplies, Macdiarmid 619 61 Horses, Vehicle and Motor Boat Expense 1 , 063 62 Telephone & Telegraph 265 60 MLscellaneous Expense 19 46 $ 203,682 56 Surplus Cash in Treasury over expenditure 54,375 17 $ 258,057 73 $ 258,057 73 12 , THE FtEPORT UPON No. 14 WATERS STOCKED QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1921. Black Bass Fry and Fingerlings. Waters County Quantity Kebesquashine: Lake Algoma 5 , 000 Blue Lake. . . 7 Brant 2,000 Purvis Lake Bruce 10 , 000 Roval Milling Company's Pond " 10,000 Krug Bvother'sPond " 10,000 SconePond " 10,000 Sharbot Lake Frontenac 10 , 000 Chippego Lake " 10 , 000 FishLake " 10,000 Lake Mossonoga " 10,000 McCall Lake Grev 2,500 McCormick Lake " 2 , 500 Cocklong Lake Haliburton 20 , 000 Stoco Lake Hastings . . : 2 , 500 Crow Lake " 5 ,000 Oak Hill Lake " 5,000 Beaver Creek " 2,500 Deer River " 2,500 MoiraRiver " 2,500 Wolfe Lake " 2, 500 Rat Portage Bav Kenora 2 , 500 Black Lake. ..." Lanark 10,000 Riven'sLake " 10,000 Charleston Lake Leeds 10,000 RideauLakes ■ " 10,000' South Lake " 10,000 Sixteen Mile Creek Lincoln 3 , 500 Fifteen Mile Creek " 1 , 500 Thames River and Tributaries Middlesex 10 ,000 Pond Mills " 10,000 Whittaker Lake " 10,000 BearCreek ,' 5,000 " " 2,500 Medway Creek '' 10,000 Tobacco Lake Manitoulin 2 , 000 Muskoka Lake Muskoka 20 , 000 Lake Joseph " 20,000 LakeofBays " 20,000 Mary Lake " 10,000 Lake Ro.s.seau " 20,000 Sparrow Lake " 20,000 Clear Lake " 5,000 Clearwater Lake " 15,000 GreenLake " 10,000 BellaLake " 10, COO Cacho Lake, Algonquin Park Nipissing 50 , 000 SmokeLake, " " " 25,000 Grand Lake, •' " " 25 ,000 Lake Nipi.ssing " 15,000 Otter Lake " 10.000 FourMileLake " 10,000 Trout Lake " 10,000 Lake Nosbinsing " 10,000 Presque Isle Bav. Northumberland 5 . 000 Cold Creek Mill Pond " 10,000 Harris Lake Parrv Sound 10 , 000 MeadesLake " ' " 5,000 Whitefish Lake " " 10,000 MillLake " " 7,500 Roblins Lake Prince Edward 5,000 Corisecori Lake " " 5,000 Indian River Peterborough 10 , 000 BalsamLake " 10,000 Pigeon Lake " 10,000 Buckhorn Lake " 10,000 1922 GAME AND FISHERIES. K3 WATERS STOCKED QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1921.— Co;/ aViu^c/. Black Bass Fry and FingerUngs Waters County Quantity Chcmong Lake Peterbarougih o , 000 VictoriaLake Perth 10,000 LakeDore Renfrew 10,000 Little Lake Sinicoe 8 , 750 Lake Semple " 1 . 250 Clear Lake Sudbury " 2,500 Lovering Lake " 2 , 500 CrabbLake " 2,500 Kaministiqua River Thunder Bay 2 , 000 Grand River and Creek Waterloo 10,000 Speed River " 20,000 Hamilton Bay Wentworth 10,000 Sturgeon Lake Victoria 10 , 000 Cameron Lake " 10,000 Lake Simcoe, Drough's Creek and Narrows at \therlv York, Simcoe, and Ontario 25,000 Total 773,500 Parent Black Bass Spruce Lake Kenora 125 Rock Lake " 126 GuvLake " 49 Bob Lake '] 49 Flambeau Lake " 49 Pritchard Lake Kenora 49 BooseLake " 49 Lac des Mille Lacs Tlmnder Bay 246 Total 742 Speckled Trout Fry and FingerUngs Waters County Quantity LongLake .\lgoma 10,000 Gorman's Spring Creek Brant 2,000 Silver Creek Bruce 10,000 Merchant's Creek •' 5,000 Quiglcy Stream " 1 . 000 Vance Stream " 1 - 000 GUlespie Stream " 1 ,000 Gibson's Creek " 2,500 SpringCreek '• 10,000 Cavan Creek Durham 24,500 Canton Creek " 7,500 Tvrone Creek " 15,000 Wilmot's Creek " 10,000 Manver's Creeks " 7,500 Spring Creek Elgin 10,000 Eagle Lake Frontenac 10 . 000 Saugeen River Grey 10 , 000 Rocky Saugeen " : 2,000 Sydenham River. "Harri.son'sPark" " 25,000 Holstein Mill Pond " 2,000 Rilev'sCreek " :.. 2,500 Henderson's Creek " 10.000 Spring Creek, Cheslev " 5 , 000 Tara Creek " " 5,000 Little River " 10,000 Both well's Creek " 2,500 Big Creek Huron 10.000 Eagle Lake Haliburton 2 , 500 DragLake " 2,500 14 THE EEPORT UPOX Xo. 14 WATERS STOCKED QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1921— Continued. Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings Waters County Quantitj' Redstone Lake " 5 . 000 Fairy Lake Halton 20,000 Main Creek " 5,000 Squire's Creek Hastings 12 , 500 Rawdon Creek " 7,500 Burk's Creek " 5 ,000 Duncrief s Creek Middlesex 10,000 Currie'sPond " 10,000 River Wye " 10 , 000 Bear Creek " 5.000 Douty Creek " 10,000 Artificial Lake draining into Thames River " 5,000 Lake Wolsley Channel Manitoulin 5 , 000 Stream from Ice Lake " 5,000 Barr'sCreek " 2.000 ChalkLake Muskoka 5,000 Muskoka River " 20 , 000 Skeleton Lake " 5,000 Fry'sLake " 10,000 BassLake " 10,000 Waters in vicinity of Simcoe Norfolk 10 , 000 Patterson's, Kent's, Crane and Cattle Creeks " 23 ,000 Lynn Vallev Creek " 10,000 Beaupre's Creek " 10,000 Deases Creek " 3,000 Gleadall's Creek " 4,000 Carpenter's Creek " 1 , 000 Spooky Hollow Stream " 1 ,000 Spring Valley Pond Northumberland 10 , 000 Trout Creek " 10,000 Barrett's Creek " 1 ,500 Break-a-Wav Creek " 5.000 Little Cold Creek " 5.000 Fourth Concession Creeks " 10,000 Baltimore Creek " 20,000 Brooklin Stream '•' 10 ,000 Spring Creeks Ontario 10 , 000 Cedar Creek and Ponds Oxford 5,000 Dower Creek " 5,000 Streams in East and West Oxford " 5,000 Sucker Lake Parry Sound 10,000 Forest Lake " " 5 ,000 Ouse and Pakenham Creeks Peterborough 10,000 Deer Lake " 10,000 Cold Creek Peel 3,000 Spring Creek Perth 2,000 Otter Creek " 10,000 Eva Lake Rainv River 10,000 French Lake " " " 5,000 Coldwater River Simcoe 10.000 McDonald's Creek " 1 . 500 Sturgeon River " 10,000 Lakes and Streams in Township of Hess Sudburv 40,000 Spring Lake Creek ' " 5,000 Hardwood Lake " 15,000 McKenzie River Thunder Bav 20.000 LakeWideman " "' 10,000 Gurney River " " 10,000 Lower Twin Lake " " 20,000 Upper Twin Lake " " 10,000 Loon Lake " " 10.000 Silver Lake " " 10,000 Pearl River " " 20 ,000 Mclntvre Creek " " 10,000 1922 GAVT. A.ND FISHERIES. 15 1 iRS STOCKED QUANTITIES AND KD ; OF FISH PLANTED IN l92l~Confinued Speckl Trout Fry and Fingerlings Waters County Quantity Six Mile Creek " " 25,00^ Three Mile Creek " " 10,000 Corbett's Creek " " 20,000 Slate River " " 10,000 Pine River " " 20,000 Currant River '■ " 20,000 Cedar Creek " " 10,000 Silver Islet Creek " " 5,000 McVicar's Creek " " 10,000 Seven Mile Creek " " 5 , 000 Neebing River " " 10,000 Sunshine Creek " " o , 000 Oliver Lake " " 15,000 Brulu Creek " " 5,000 Steel River " " 10,000 Nipigon River " " 20,000 Indian Creek Temiskaming 2 , 000 Mill's and Blair's Creeks and Dam Waterloo and Wellington 25,000 Sickle's Creek Waterloo 5 , 000 Bowman's Creek " 10 , 000 Havsville Stream " 10,000 Philip,sburg Stream " 10,000 Spring Creek and Pond " 15 , 000 Krampean's Pond " 10 , 000 McNallv's Creek " 5,000 Wilkes Creek " 2,500 Millgrove Creek Wentworth 10,000 Grindstone Creek " 5,000 Beverlev Creek " 10,000 Little Saugeen Wellington. 10,000 Eden Mills " 10,000 Total 1,147,500 Salmon Trout Fry and Fingerlings Waters County Quantity Lake Nipigon Thunder Bay 110,400 Pickerel Waters County Quantity Lake Deschene Carleton 100,000 Ottawa River " 100,000 Rideau River " 500 , 000 Scugog Lake Durham 200,000 Sharbot Lake Frontenae 100,000 Eagle Lake " 100,000 Loborough Lake " 200,000 Lake Mossonoga " 100 . 000 Second Depot Lake " 100,000 Mountain Lake Grey 100,000 Lake Charles " 500,000 Nation River Grenville 100,000 Stoco Lake Hastings 200.000 Crow Lake " 100,000 Oak Hill Lake •' 100,000 Beaver Creek " 50,000 Deer River " 50,000 Moira River " .'500.000 Wolfe Lake " 100 , 000 Frjiser Lake " 100 , 000 Moira Lake " ;«)0 , 000 Paudaah Lake " 100,000 Indian Creek Lanark 100,000 THE HEPOl^T UPOX No. 14 WATERS STOCKED QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1921~Continued. Pickerel Waters Countv White Lake Lanark Otty Lake " Christie Lake '' Clyde River ' ' Charleston Lake Leeds Rideaii Lakes Leeds and Lanark Sand Lake Leeds Killenback Lake " Higlev Lake " AIud'Lake |' Lake Elida '' Thames River and tril)utaries Middlesex Aux Sauble River " Muskoka Lake Muskoka Lake Joseph " Lake of Bays " Lake Rosseau '' Sparrow Lake " Long Lake " Log Lake " Lake Nipissing , Nipissing Lake Erie Norfolk Crow Bay Northumberland Trent River " Coal Creek " Beaver River Ontario Mill Lake Parry Sound Magnetawan River " '" Ahmic Lake '' '' Bear Lake " " Canoe Lake Parry Sound Wolf Lake "^ ]| Loon Lake " " Shanty Lake '. " " Stoney Lake Peterborough Round Lake " Lake Dore Renfrew Bass Lake Simcoe Severn River " Clear Lake Sudbury Crabb Lake " Geneva Lake " Paradise Lake Waterloo Lake Ontario Wentworth, York, Halton and Lincoln Sturgeon Lake Victoria Lake Simcoe and Brough's Creek and Narrows at Atherle}' York, Simcoe and Ontario 11 Quantity 100,000 100,000 100,000 200,000 1 , 000 , 000 700,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 500 , 000 100,000 900,000 900,000 500,000 900,000 500,000 100.000 100,000 900 ,000 025 , 000 50,000 50,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 50,000 50,000 100,000 50,000 25,000 25,000 100,000 200,000 100,000 200,000 100,000 800,000 120,000 140,000 140,000 100,000 1,000,000 200.000 900,000 Total . 27,625,000 Whitefish Waters County Lake Wabigoon Kenora Lake Erie Norfolk Elbow Lake Rainy River . Rainy Lake Quantity 1,000,000 40,000,000 1,000,000 17,950,000 1923 GAME AXD FISllEKJES. ]7 WATERS STOCKED QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IX l92l.~Con>inueJ. Whitefish Wate. 5 Couutv Little Turtle Lake " " Mink Lake " " Crooked Lake ■ '' '' Lake Nipigon '* Thunder Bay Kashabowie Lake " '' Lake Shebandawan '" " Long Lake " " Whitefish Lake " " Little Long Lake '' " SavanneLake " '' Lake Ontario Wentworth, York, Halton and Lincoln Quantitj' 1.000.000 1.000,000 1.000,000 27.000.000 1,000.000 1.000.000 1.000.000 1,000,000 1.000.000 1,000,000 20,000,000 Total. 115.9.50.000 Herring Waters County Lake Erie Norfolk Lake Ontario ; Wentworth, York, Halton and Lincoln. Total Quantit}- 7,740,000 2,000,000 9.740,000 Black Bass Fry and Fingerlings ... Parent Black Bass Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings Salmon Trout Fry and Fingerlings . Pickerel. . Whitefish . Herring. . SUMMARY 'otal distribution . 773,500 742 1,147.500 110.400 27 . 025 . 000 115,950,000 9,740,000 155,847,142 THE BEPORT UPON No. 14 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF DISTRIBUTION 1919 1920 1921 Black Bass Frv and Fingerlings 200 , 500 427 , 200 773 ,. 300 Parent Black Bass 548 460 742 Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings 20 , 600 286 , 700 1 , 147 , 500 Salmon Trout Frv and Fingerlings 1 , 050 , lOf 1 , 334 , 000 1 10 , 400 Pickerel ' 2,550,00J 31,480,000 27,625,000 Whitefish" 7,740,000 43,335,000 115,950,000 Herring..' 10,800,000 920,000 9,740,000 22,361,748 77,783,360 155,347,142 I9J9 22,361745 1920 77,783,360 »92l 155,347,142 20 THE HE PORT UPON Xo. 14 ONTARIO Return of the number (,f fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vesssls and boats, the industry during the j'ear 1920, in the Pubhc Fishing material Districts Tugs 11 12 Kencira ami Hainy River. Lake of the Woods Rainy Lake Obabican, Lower Manitou, Shoal and Eagle tormy, Rowan, Big Sandy and Indian Feegan, Dogtooth, Bear and Long Wabigoon, Orang Outang, Dryberry and Harris Minnetakie, Big Sea Dan- iels, Kawseogama, Vermil- ion and Seul Rock, Pelican, Bays, Abra- ham, Scugonaga and Mc- Kenzie Stanzhikina, Sturgeon, Lost and Jackfish Six Mile, Loon, Kaiarskon? Turtle, Big Saw Mill and Pipestone Mannican, Clearwater Trout White Otter, Mainsville, Sam Weller and Vista. . . . Sanford. Pickerel, Manitou Jackfish, Dogfly. Mink and Black Sturgeon. . . Totals . Ton- nage Value 9,000 500 1,700 Men Gasoline Launches 65 1 1 ,200 No. Value Men 15.650 16,500 5,500 2,600 1,500 1,.300 4,450 500 Sail or Row Boats 50 1,600 No Value Men $ 42 28 2,947 1 .675 12 13 9 315 1 150 1 15 1 1 30 2 5 490 6 5 300 7 2 300 3 7 560 13 4 210 2 3 200 3 Gil-Nets Yards Value $ 51 ,090 47 ,000 10 .248 9.227 15 ,500 2,950 9,300 1 ,850 6,800 1 ,470 4,950 1 ,000 19 ,100 3 .360 7,300 1 ,390 4.400 644 10.900 2.500 15 .500 3.725 9 107 49.8001 16l| 108' 7.1921 62 1202,040 1 ,955 40,319 Return of the kindSj quantities and values of fish caught J3 J3 _- * Districts 'g'^ 2 " .-a "Si: i^ c cs |1 S^ c^ H " E 10 Kenora and Hainy River District Lake of the Woods . . . Rainy Lake Obatjican, Lower Man- itou, Shoal and Eagle Stormy, Rowan, Big andy and Indian . . Feegan. Dogtooth, Bear and Long Wabigoon, Orang Out- ang, Dryberry and Harris Minnetikie, Big Sea, Daniels, Kawseog- ama, Vermilion and Seul Rock, Pelican, Bays, Abraham, Minnitike Scugonaga and Mc- Kenzie Stanzhikina. Sturgeon Lost and Jackfish . . Six Mile, Loon. Kaiar.s- kons. Turtle, Big Saw Mill and Pipestone. . Mannican, Clearwater. Trout, White Otter, Mainville. Sam We ler and Vista Sanford Pickerel, Man- itou, Jackfish, Dog- fly, Mink and Black Sturgeon Totol Values . lbs. lbs. $ c. lbs. 319 ,400 319 ,400 31,940 00 lbs. 95.291. 31 .572. 80.710. 46 ,843. 5.602. 12.712. 24 .980 . 20 .600 . 15.275. 14.105. 31 .356. 19.069. lbs. 398,115. lbs. 10 ,657 2,800 15 ,473 23.6001 7,392 3,770 9,478 1,100 2,307 6 .578 22 .180 17 ,897 123 ,232 12 ,323 20 lbs. 203 ,108 120 ,225 53 ,473 3 ,862 924I 4 ,772 lbs. 250 ,206 149 .597 84 ,062 6,389 1 .323 6 .922 10 .917 44 .887 3,350 7,890 11 ,700 13,188 9 ,413 37 ,332 18 ,525 12 ,998 449 .457 26.515 16 .923 649 .044 $ c. $ c. 22 .472 851 64 .904 40 1923 ({AME AND FISHKJnKS. 21 FISHERIES. quantity and v.akiD of all fishing ipaterials an i other fixtures employed in the fishng Waters of Kenora and Rainy River Districts. Fishing material (Hhcr fixtures used in fishing. Seines Poun d Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll STets Night Lines Sp ears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves No. Yards Value No. 30 Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No.; Value ! $ S 6,530 26 1 .220 $ S S 1 S 25l 9 .210 26 22 S s 6,215 25 10 ,885 23 7 5 3 3 7.250 1 ,990 500 300 350 2,300 750 75 625 300 350 4,385 9 350 1 ,350 2 150 1! 100 1 100 . 9 5 C 125 3 1 .275 1 3 1 o 2 50 1 50 7 3.000 1 62 20 .385 35 1 ,57ol ....1 1 871 24.000 72 13.800 during the 3'ear 1920, in the Public Waters of Kenora and Rainy River Districts. Sturgeon Eels Perch lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. 49 ,094 54,518 2,177 4.375 lbs. 51 .842 lbs. 9,441 lbs. 24 ,403 125 ,246 3,000 2.300 lbs. No. lbs. S 0. 86.157 56 7 480 11,029 379 198 34 .946 99 1,150 21 .040 77 8 .230 80 1 ,477 90 820 2 ,417 2.100 3.768 2.000 5.164 2.997 1 .000 800 3.000 2 .668 20 8 ,657 37 3 .7.33 50 3 .697 58 '30 673 575 13 ,590 15.352 2,518 7 (117 19 1 620 5 .316 1 .414 63 6 319 34 9 ,3.30 12 ,277 129 ,430 52,992 9,441 191 .209 379 198 5.316 194 .381 83 5 c 1 .119 60 $ c. $ c. 982 16 $ c. 7 .765 80 $ r 4 ,2.39 36 $ c. 377 64 $ c. 7 .64.S 36 S 379 00 S 99 $ r 318 96 S c 104 .3>;i 83 THE EEPORT UPON No. 14 ONTARIO Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, fishing industry during the year 1920, Distriels Fishing material 1 Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Gill-Nets No. 6 Ton- nage Value Men No. 8 1 5 1 4 1 Value VIen 17 1 8 2 1 No. 11 4 8 3 6 1 3 1 6 5 1 1 Value Men 15 5 8 4 3 1 5 10 Yards Value \' Lake Superior 292 $ 24 ,000 79 S 4,800 1,000 3,050 300 2.500 150 S 1,370 180 880 370 495 50 110 120 275 287 ,460 3,650 38 ,100 7,500 40 ,500 68 ,000 4,200 119.330 33 .800 10 ,130 18 ,400 129 ,500 S 22 .445 2 Pigeon River to Sturgeon Pt. Wliitefish and Sand Lakes Black Bay Pt., Pt. Magnet Pine and Arrow Lakes . . . Evelyn, Lamb. Spar and 1 ,020 3 4 1 28 7,500 3 6 ,185 1 ,400 5 6 7 Rossport, Pays Platte Bay and Wilson Island Jackfish, Pt Caldwell, Mc- Kay and Twin Lakes .... Kashabowie, Sturgeon, Heathcote, .-jhebandowan Head and Greenwater 3 2 47 62 9,000 7.000 8 6 12,400 6,800 575 s 9 221J^ 33.000 57 6 7 3 3 1 9,600 2,200 4,700 2,100 400 17 17 8 11 1 26 ,255 9 • Gros Cap, Goulais Bay and 3,025 10 iBatchawana Bay, Parisienne 215 7 75! 2 1 75 2 510 11 Gargantua and Mamainse Point 1 4 26 36 107}^ 7,000 22 .000 5 36 11 ,600 12 Michipicoten and Richard- son's Harbour 14 ,260 Totals 794 109 ,500 194 40 30 .800 83 5C 4 ,215 62 760 ,570 106 .475 1 Return of the kinds, quantities and values of fish caught Districts in ^ 42 (^ ^- Lake Superior 10 Thunder Bay Pigeon River to Stur- geon Pt. and White- fish Lake B'ack Bay and Point Magnet Pine and Arrow Lakes .... Evelyn, Lamb, Spar and Shaganash Is- lands Rossport, Pays, Platte Bay and Wilson Is- land Jackfish, Pt. Coldwell McKay and Twin Lakes I Kashabowie, Sturgeon, Heathcote, Sheban- dowan Head and Greenwater Lakes . . Lake Nipigon Gros Cap, Goulais Bay and Wana Lake. . . . Batchawana Bay, Pa- risienne and Sandy Island Gargantau and Mam- ainse Point Michipicoten and Rich- ardson's Harbour lbs. 497 ,401 lbs. 1 ,104 ,270 8,000 3,340 lbs. 118,800 Totals 616.601 141 ,600 5.722 400 Values . 30 .830 05 6.400 16 ,921 200 1 ,286 ,953 64 ,347 65 20.00 lbs. 61,911 23 ,682 55 .081 600 38 ,866 2,193 2,157 1 ,399 ,390 42 ,950 45 ,680 4,262 27 ,961 lbs. 5,300 23 ,600 300 i 5,000 8 700 1 ,704 .733 170 .473 30 200 60 110,000 145 .700 lbs. 158,511 600 52,195 18 ,160 206 ,892 20 ,911 5001 369 .675 51 ,5251 32 ,805 130 ,632 290 ,022 lbs. 625 2,485 3,571 45 lbs. 3,229 1 ,332 ,428 S c. 14 .570 00 $ 0. 133 ,242 80 827 1,356 3,605 500 956 1,301 55 .078 500 15 ,271 763 55 1 ,870 3,495 35 ,525 200 14 ,899 3,983 118 ,779 11 ,877 90 1922 GAME AND FISHERIES. 23 FISHERIES the quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures emploj'ed in the in the Public Waters of Lake Superior. Fishing material Other fixtures used in fishing Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Night Lines Nets Spears Freezers and | Piers and Ice Houses j Wharves No. 1 Yards Value No. j Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No. Value $ s S S S 3 7 1 4 S 5,220 200 1,210 s 6 2.000 1 60 4 600 11 8,300 870 6 1 1.800 200 4 1 1 3 2 1 5 1,650 100 500 175 2.500 300 2 2 1 ,000 15 10 5 14 6,000 5,000 13 ,000 1 200 3 2 1 750 1,300 1 ,-300 80 100 1 .300 500 8 4,000 3,150 3 2,000 55 38 ,300 1 60 2 ,600 180 29 15 ,005 25 9 .235 during the year 1920, in the Public Waters of Lake Superior c o 00 o c! o u "> CS lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. 58 .917 4.932 41 .750 lbs. No. lbs. S c. 105 ,366 58 3 ,149 73 627 20 .496 7,267 23,171 81 1 ,958 25 200 38,123 80 805 22 3,013 45 50 1.700 754 00 20995 145 183,303 65 300 1 ,000 6.425 9 ,928 50 7,S80 35 10 .658 80 14 ,858 80 42 ,798 30 30,607 20.496 50 114.924 202 7,267 437 ,085 67 S c. 3 .672 84 S c. 2 .049 60 S c. $ c. 300 S c. * c. $ c. 4 .5' 6 96 S c. 202 00 S c. 436 02 f c. 437 .085 67 2J THE HEPOET UPOX No. 14 ONTARIO Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, fishing industry during the year 1920, Districts Fishing material Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Gill-Nets No. 1 1 ] 6 3 1 5 1 1 Ton- nage Value Men 4 3 3 33 12 4 25 6 6 No. 5 5 4 3 9 1 3 3 Value Men 15 8 14 8 8 20 4 10 6 No. ^'alue Men Yards Value 1 North Channel, Lake Huron 26 J^ 27 J^ 16 142 56 20 184 29^2 $ 7,000 4,500 3,000 39 ,200 10 ,000 4,000 36 ,500 8,000 8,000 $ 3,600 1 .700 2,600 1,700 1 ,650 4,550 300 1 ,625 400 13 15 7 1 6 4 4 1 1 $ 660 1 ,230 305 50 620 485 420 100 50 11 IS 8 2 10 6 5 2 25 ,200 19 .200 12 ,300 272 ,400 68 ,800 28 ,500 149 ,500 61 ,000 69 ,000 $ 2.053 2 Spanish, St. Joseph Isles and 3 ,900 3 Bruce Mines, Algonia Mills, Buswell's Pt and McKin- 2,505 4 5 Little Detroit Fitzwilliam, Squaw and Duck Islands . South Bay, Kagawong and 45 ,000 18 ,547 6 1 ,950 7 8 9 Meldrum, Providence, She- guindah and Gore Bay. . . . Manitowaning, MissLssauga, Tamarack Cove and Berry Islands Bedford and Cockburn Is- lands and Manitou Totals 14 ,750 8,240 8,950 20 531 120 ,200 96 40 18,125 • 93 52 3 .920 64 705 ,900 105 ,895 Return of the kinds, quantities and values of the fish caught during Districts .5 Herring, fresh Whitefish, salted Trout, salted Trout, fresh o Q u o 1 North Channel, Lake Huron lbs. lbs. 6,076 6,948 2,548 lbs. lbs. 158,461 5,330 14 ,601 92 ,203 46 ,159 366 ,131 126 ,583 70 ,133 23 ,102 lbs. lbs. 62.839 15.172 13.919 272 ,985 265 ,562 84,379 205,441 99 ,420 88 ,054 lbs. 13 .894 17,101 10.513 lbs. 74 ,809 2 Spanish, St. Joseph Is- 42 ,5.34 3 4 Bruce Mines, Algoma Mills, Buswells Pt. and McKinnon Little Detro t, Fitzwil- liam, Squaw and 35 175 50 912 5 47 ,6;n't 1 ,77.s 5 South Bay, Kagawong 300 4.741 17 ,972 2,243 658 1 ,378 42 ,457 10,107 7 Meldrum, Providence, Sheguiandah and 120 8,601 77 14 ,624 8 Manitowaning, Missis- sauga. Tamarack 5,210 9 Bedford and Cockburn Islands and Manitou Tot^als ...... Values • • . . 2,725 155 24 ,173 552 902 ,703 967 1 ,107 ,771 68 ,500 242 ,003 $ c. 775 $ c. 1 ,208 65 $ c. 55 20 $ c. 90 .270 30 $ c. 96 70 $ c. 110,777 10 $ c. 3 .425 00 $ c. 24 ,200 30 1f>S2 GAME AND FISHERIES. FISHERIES the quality and value of all fishing material and other fixtures eiaployed in the in the PiibUc Waters of North Channel Fishing nnaterial Other fixtures used in Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value NO. Value No. 7 7 5 2 2 1 5 1 1 Value No. 8 3 o Value $ 33 18 19 21 13 31 33 12 7 $ 15,200 8,150 8.100 23 ,500 9,000 26 ,800 22 ,400 6,000 4,500 $ $ $ $ $ $ 2,650 820 930 1 500 3,000 750 1 jy^n 2 5 300 250 1 ' '""" 1 000 i ^ 1,000 1.000 5,100 300 Ann 100 2,000 700 i 5 1 orifii 1 187 123,650 7 550 31 1 1 the year 1920, in the Public Waters of North Channel, Lake Huron. Sturgeon Eels Perch Catfish Mixed and Coarse fi.sh C4 S C o a Ef 3 Pickerel (Blue) c lbs. 3.877 lbs. lbs. 1 ,774 577 740 lbs. lbs. Ib.s. 14 .099 1 .430 1 ,644 lbs. 121 .878 88.119 48 ,202 2,235 28,115 4 .145 81 ,559 40 ,494 6,044 lbs. 94 37 No. lbs. S c. 36 ,749 64 11 .345 29 10 ,667 72 30 .786 00 38 .804 85 47 .289 80 38 .719 06 19,185 40 1 1 ,862 20 1 .451 2,539 135 3,208 3 ,369 350 799 338 468 20 ,712 7 1.595 40 1 ,434 245 1.050 13.804 8.415 20 .712 1.730 17 .213 420 .791 138 251 ,409 96 $ c. 1 ,656 48 % $ c. 673 20 $ c 1 .242 72 S c. 138 40 S c. 688 52 $ c. 16 ,831 64 S 138 $ $ c. S c. 251 .409 96 26 THE E.EPOET UPON No. 14 ONTARIO Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, the industry during the year 1920 Districts Fishing material Tugs Gasoline Launches Sai or Row Boats Gill-Nets No. 5 2 5 3 Ton- nage Value $ 33 .000 12 .000 28 .000 8.300 Men 23 10 22 10 No. 13 13 31 19 Value Men 23 23 62 41 No. 12 28 11 34 Value Men 19 39 12 43 Yards Value 1 Georgian Bay Parry Sound 165 48 139 55 11 .800 5,275 18 ,845 16 ,850 $ 1,220 1,830 575 2,050 345 ,000 199 ,500 345 ,300 121 .500 48 910 2 Simcoe and Muskoka Grey County 19,256 29 305 4 Bruce County 11 195 Totals 15 407 81 .300 65 76 52 ,770 149 85 5,675 113 1 .011 ,300 108 666 Returns of the kinds, quantities and vakies of fish caught Districts. si "3 01 .5 Whitefish, salted Whitefish, fresh Trout, salted o o 1 Georgian Bay lbs. lbs. 1.900 24 .221 11 .211 11 ,950 lbs. 2.300 3.300 lbs. 376 ,464 48 ,022 1 ,590 19 ,275 lbs. 650 3.250 6.850 7.650 lbs. 200 ,112 130 .617 374 ,866 266 ,563 lbs. 31 .609 12 ,529 lbs. 58,233 2 Simcoe and Muskok. . 400 7,800 4 Bruce County Totals 3,250 300 26 274 3.650 49 ,282 5.900 445,351 18.400 972,158 44 .164 67,307 Values $ c. 182 50 $ c. 2.464 10 S c. 590 00 $ c. 44 ,535 10 $ c. 1 ,840 00 S c. 97 ,215 ?C $ c. 2,2D 20 $ c. 7,730, 70 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES. 27 FISHERIES quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fi.xtures employed in the in the public waters of Georgian Bay Fishing materia! Other fixtures used in fishing Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets' Dip or RoU 1 Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and lee Houses Piers and Wharves No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. 6 7 10 8 Value No. Value S 15 $ 14.600 » S 2,300 5,300 12,400 8,800 $ 160 280 2.825 1 ,240 S S 6.800 1.400 1.500 1.400 7 4 9 8 $ 4 .300 10 810 725 28 765 1 .820 1 ,750 8 4.900 1 .100 10 810 725 23 19,500 28 765 28 .800 4.505 31 11 .100 2Sl 8.970 ' during the year 1920, in the Public Waters of Georgian Bay. c o s. Eels "5 o Tullibce Catfish a O ■2-S eJ to _. a V £ ^ O bi .9 "> d o C m 3 C3 Pickerel (Blue) Value lbs. 1 ,425 lbs. lbs. lbs. 1 lbs. 200j 75 3 798' 2 I.tOi 9 340 lbs. lbs. lbs. 8 .000 30 No. lbs. S c. 66 ,094 35 1 .230 54 .319 32 ,883 25,412 12 10( ) 12.00( 62.12^ ) 39 ,619 15 1 2,500 33 ,994 94 2.655 4,098 76 .27' 1 2 ,415 54,319 43 ,383 30 165,120 56 $ c 318 60 $ c. $ c. 327 8< S c I 4 .576 4 $ c. 1 193 20 S c. 2.172 76 $ c. 1 ,735 32 $ 30 $ $ c. $ c. 165,120 56 28 THE lU^PORT UPON Xo. 14 ONTARIO Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, ve.=!,sels and boats, fishing industry during the year 1920, Districts Fishing material Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Gill-Nets No. 8 Ton- nage Value Men 44 No. Value Men 43 20 39 No. 14 5 21 Value Men 19 13 29 Yards Value 1 Lake Huron {Proper) 174 $ 36 ,500 18 9 23 $ 13 .500 8,100 9,650 $ 1 ,800 590 870 277 ,335 $ 46 .650 0 62.740 9.020 3 Lambton Co , including River St Clair Totals 8 174 36 ,500 44 50 31 ,250 102 40 3,260 61 340 ,075 55 ,670 Return of the kinds, quantities and values of fish caught Districts 1 "3 ti a -3 "3 ta o Wliitcfi.sh, fresh Trout, salted 1 o C c 1 0 Laki. Huron (Proper) Bruce County lbs. 6.700 lb.-.. 35,478 35 .900 ini o.t;o lbs. 900 IJS. 41 ,056 5.700 35 ,438 lbs. 55 ,850 1,000 lbs. 664 ,454 116.100 9,614 lbs. 1,651 lbs. 264 15.700 3 Lambton Co. (includ- ing River St. Clair) . Totals 1 ,000 3.344 123.-^70 7 ,700 172 ,630 900 82 ,194 56 ,850 790 .168 4.995 139 ,634 $ C $ 0. 385 00 S .631 50 S c 90 00 S c 8.219 40 $ c 5 ,685 00 $ c. 79 ,016 80 $ c. 249 75 $ c. 13 ,963 40 1 192: GAME AXD FLSIiEKlES. 39 FISHERIES the quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures employed in the in the public waters of Lake Huron (proper) Fishing material Other fixtures used in fishing Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves. No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. 11 10 9 Value No. 6 7 2 Value $ 2 10 57 $ 600 4,800 35,150 $ $ 2,100 $ 175 S S 4,490 3,300 2.850 S 875 425 605 710 2 150 2 10 200 15 800 7 605 710' fiO 40 550 ! 2 1.^n! •?■ in 2 300 19(1 30 10,640 15 2,100 1 i • 1 "': " during the year 1920, in the Public Waters of Lake Huron (Proper) m 4) T! •a © x; d pa m o 1 n ^ j: «= & .2 B o c ^ o o 3 s; d ^O c5 3 « X - C. o C S^ O GO f^ > lbs. ibs. ibs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. No. lbs. $ c. 30 1 ,600 119 ,097 8,460 193 ,146 12.883 7,625 26 .459 64 ,972 12. . . . 90 .481 21 1 ,200 71 27.219 10 7.946 227 3,988 566... 2.176 27 .255 44 9,176 129 ,157 206 .029 227 3.988 99 ,056 649.... 2.176 144 955 75 $ c. $ c. $ c. $ c. 8 c. $ c. $ c. $ c. $ S 0. s <■. 1,101 12 10 .332 56 12,361 74 18 16 159 52 3 ,962 24 C49 00 130 5fi i44 9.55 75 30 THE REPORT UPOX No. 14 ONTARIO Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats fishing industry during the year 1920 Districts Fishing material Tugs Gasoline Launches 1 Sail or Row Boats Gill-Nets No. Ton- nage V alue Men No. Value [Men No. Value Men 73 30 34 Yards Value 1 Lake St. Clair, etc. Kent Co. (including River $ 34 4 24 $ 14 ,800 7,245 2,150 48 48 37 30 loi 17 2.725 1.970 580 $ 0 •^ Totals 62 24,195 100| 95 5.275 137 Return of the kinds, quantities and values of fish caugh Districts. 1 'a § X Whitefish, salted Whitefish, fresh Trout, saltcil J3 3 O Pike u u O Q s "3 u o 1 Lake St. Clair, etc. Kent County, (includ- lbs. lbs. ! lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. 74 .429 28.512 4.635 lbs. 12 ,640 0 466 3 ,i27 4 ,200 13 .603 3 Detroit River 725 Totals 400 7 ,327 107 .576 26,968 $ c. S c. 20 00 $ c. $ c. 732 70 Sc. $ c. $ c. 5 .378 80 $ c. • 2 ,696 80 1 1922 GAME AND FISHERIES. 31 FISHERIES the quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures employed in the in the Public Waters of Lake St. Clair, etc. Fishing material Other fixtures used in fishing Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll ^ 1 Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and' Wharves No. Yards Value No. Value No. Valu i No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. 29 15 Value No. Value 30 4.971 2,225 2,055 $ 4,295 1,350 2 ,345 8 Q S 2,000 9 Ann 148 81 $ $ 29,4001 ll 10 10. 450'.... i ! . i 800 600 200 S 20. . $ S 7,650 6,775 $ 10 3.550 g 60 17 50. . I 55 9 251 7,990 14 4.400 229|.^i R.T^i 1 in 1,600 1 30. . 44 14 ,425 10 3,550 during the year 1920, in the Public Waters of Lake St. Clair, etc. e o V 3 JS Perch Tullibee a u O .a ea o li o « •§ 5 C O o 3 "a? _3 5 a) _3 > bs. lbs. lbs. 133,111 98,110 400 bs. lbs. 60,105 80 .817 325 lbs. 274 .599 78 ,438 42 ,400 lbs. 419 ,608 164 ,878 18,650 lbs. No. lbs. 400 $ c. 48 .235 01 12 704 526 29 215 88 300 3 ,260 25- 13,004 231 ,621 141 ,247 395 ,437 603 .136 526 400 80,711 14 S c. 1 ,560 48 $ c. $ c. 18 ,529 68 % c. S 0. 11 .299 76 $ c. 15.817 48 $ c. 24 .125 44 $ 526 S $ c. 24 00 $ c. 80.711 14 •y^ THE J^EPORT UPOX Xo. 14 ONTARIO Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, the fishing industry during the year 1920, D.stricts Lake Erie Essex County Kent County Elgin County Norfolk County Haldimand County (includ- ing Grand River) Welland County (includ- ing Upper Niagara River) Totals Fishing material Tugs 50 Ton- 91 72 862 417 211 1,653 Value Men 26 ,000 25 .300 189 ,357 124 ,500 54,000 419.157 12 18 139 76 38 283 Gasoline Launches No. Value Men 166 46,000 36 .450 18 ,900 16 960 9,600 2,300 130 .510 87 125 80 81 48 429 Sail or Row Boats No. 1 Value Men 185 $ 2,385 2.505 1 ,190 2,520 3 ,165 1 ,110 12 .875 Gill-Nets Yards Value 140 ,300; 31 .050 63, 577, 365, .800 ,800 ,100 243 12 1 .402 .600 200 .860 8.225 76.790 49 ,675 33 ,670 1 ,450 Return of the kinds, quantities and values of fish caught Districts Herring, salted c j: 1 Trout, salted c £ c c 1 Lake Erie Essex County lbs. lbs. 186 .421 1 .091 .145 4.119.648 2 .301 ,103 1 ,907 .191 45 .776 lbs. 20,000 lbs. 284 .744 68 .632 82 ,001 141 ,719 234 ,953 6 ,255 lbs. lbs. lbs. 1 ,020 32 ,368 12.284 63 .788 549 5,250 lbs. 75 .870 9 Kent Count V 45 43 .497 3 Elgin County 23 ,021 4 Norfolk County 722 277 8,996 5 Haldimand County(in- cluding Grand River Welland County (in- cludng Upper Nia- gara River) 8,891 6 5,739 Totals 9,651,284 20 ,000 818 ,304 1,044 115,259 166 ,013 Vaiue- $ c. $ c. 482 ,564 20 $ e. 2 .000 00 $ c. 81 .830 40 S c. $ c. 104.40 8 c. 5 ,762 9 $ c. 16 ,601 30 1922 GAME AXD FISHERIES. FISHERIES quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures employed in the in the Public Waters of Lake Erie. Fishing material I Other fixtures ustii in i fishing Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No.. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No. 11 Value g 1.725 2 ,475 $ 2.200 1 s.^n 211 223 $ 147 .000 1 200 850 $ 25 1 $ 5 500 S 10 S 27 34 $ 26 .600 50 ,550 22 .050 17 .535 4.300 250 5.500 7 21 9,900 129 127 .000 . . 5 75 900 20 25 16 9 2 14 6,660 31 12.050 885 150 10 ,025 640 60 18 50 6 8 .OOOi 25 31 950 670 14 3 5.450 6 12 1 90 15 1 .050 1 3 000 5.700 165 53 17 285' 1^ '"'' 637 517 800| "^6 695 19 185 7,100 195 113 121 .285 63 28 .560 during the year 1920, in the Public Waters of Lake Erie. £ T3 ^^ S JS a ■3cc PQ ^ c 0 0 „ 5 g a c 0 u 3 _2 J3 3 CC c3 3 a ^ "5 M « ^ H 0 U <• 0 S £ ^ lbs. lbs. 3.743 3i ,982 17 lbs. 240 .459 486 .405 278 .226 181 .904 67 .745 17 .442 lb. bs. 8.025 679 7,814 25 .265 113 155 lbs 87 ,096 76 ,719 2,047 203 ,194 61 ,892 916 lbs. 451 ,006 141 ,143 32 .909 100 ,008 121 ,386 54,039 lbs. No. lbs. 432 ,990 1 ,387 ,406 1 ,208 .557 115.621 190 ,602 19 .347 c. 115 .1S9 95 67 198 .326 65 200 317.415 86 169 ,028 71 143 ,994 98 8.517 48 267 38 .742 1,272,181 42 ,051 431 ,864 900 ,491 3 .354 ,523 952 ,473 63 S c. 32 04 8 c. 3 .874 20 S c. 101 .774 48 S c $ c. 3 .364 08 $ c. 17,274 56 $ c 36 ,019 64 $ $ $ c. 201 .271 38 $ c. 952 ,473 63 34 THE EEPOET UPON" No. 14 ONTARIO Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, fishing industry during the year 1920, Districts Fishing material Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Gill-Nets No. Ton- nage Value Men No. Value Men No. Value Men Yards Value 1 Lake Ontario. Lincoln Coun;y S 21 4 12 3 10 $ 11 .200 2,900 5,600 1,800 4 FtlF, 34 7 22 7 19 21 22 23 116 103 16 22 6 6 3 1 5 4 $ 205 335 200 25 350 220 18 12 4 1 3 5 84 ,550 39 ,500 71 ,000 22 ,000 36 ,800 53 ,000 59 ,600 81 ,660 360 ,652 158 .200 65 ,000 26 .000 $ 8,460 ?. Wentworth County 3 470 4 7 ,590 4 Peel County 3 400 5 York County 7 785 6 Ontario County 12 4 .6.50 6 ,690 7 10 11 64 52 10 13 7,050 5.400 23 ,591 13 ,595 2,180 3 .7.'i0 9 ,680 8 Northumberland County. . . 15 115 103 17 29 830 5,505 6,013 1,060 1.243 25 173 181 21 31 9 375 9 Prince Edward County 39 ,867 10 Bav of Quinte (Proper) .... 22 ,836 11 1?. Bay of Quinte (Eastern Channel Wolfe Island and Victnity. . Totals 21 .995 3.150 222 86 291 412 304 15,986 474 1 ,057 .962 144 ,298 Return of the kinds, quantities and values of fish caught Districts. Lake Ontario. Lincoln County. . . . Wentworth County. Halton County Peel York County Ontario County .... Durham County, . . Northumberland Co, Prince Edward County Bay of Quinte (Proper) Bay o f Quinte (Eastern Channel) Wolfe Island and vici- ity Totals . Values . lbs. 1,000 400 1,500 100 650 3,650 182 50 lbs. 98 .724 26 ,000 79 ,200 37 ,000 13 ,400 5001. 1 ,500 . 29 .050 . 271 ,182| 692 .1391 lbs. 1,000 780 370 24 ,626 14 .259 800 1 ,287 ,580 2.950 64 ,379 00 295 00 lbs. 51, 26 26 9 53 133 211 188 785 383 ,423 ,300 ,800 ,000 ,975 .527 .954 .546 .0151 ,842, lbs. 134 ,273; 300 19 ,403 3 ,050 2 ,024 .058 3 ,350 202 ,405 801 $ c, 335 00 lbs. 11 ,479 7,100 36 ,275 53 ,000 10 .800 4,765 15,365 37 ,226 230 ,470 lbs. 100 15 100 34 ,393 17 ,790 458 .663 45.866 30 28,150 58.205 195 ,627 4.055 24 ,719 311 .432 15,571 60 lbs. 879 500 800 28 .450 2.204 3.718 36,551 3 .655 10 1922 GAME AND FISHERIES 35 FISHERIES the quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures employed in the in the Public Waters of Lake Ontario. Fish ing material Other fixtures used in fishing Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves No. Yards Value No. Value No. i Value No. 1 Value 1 No. Hooks Value No. Value No. 3 1 2 1 Value No. Value 7 690 S 1,650 $ $ $ 600 $ $ $ 1,000 1,000 250 150 $ 1 100 10 200 290 75 15 180 405 45 15 2 750 1 1 2 20 4 . . 1 975 100 29 155 395 8 138 1 315 1 3 9 1 100 o 105 175 5,485 15,065 390 5,135 4,520 500 1 ,200 215 20 76 15 27 5 1 5 3,300 680 150 825 400 393 40 1 300 850 "^' 1 1 14 1,395 2,500 725-.?7 .-nQn! 1i 2nl 7.165 364 50 8,030 ?? 2,533 during the year 1920, in the Public Waters of Lake Ontario £ ■a TJ d P3 a S3 o > a! o 3 lbs. 500 lbs. 834 lbs. 550 1,400 95 lbs. lbs. 200 lbs. 6.550 700 8.000 lbs. 12.518 1 .160 200 1 .025 15.600 6.400 7.000 29 .232 93 .984 201 .541 6.470 38 .711 lbs. 338 No. 240 lbs. 8.322 1.245 $ c. 13 .242 74 4 ,951 85 50 . 10 ,713 10 8,141 00 12 ,000 3,292 8,251 50 ■ 70 428 14 ,304 77 23 ,086 90 2.100 16 ,644 49 ,022 6,095 17.187 4,000 14 ,150 62 ,950 2,680 21 .488 . . 18 .692 500 9,815 9,075 780 14 ,962 28,651 84 300 37 .739 80 .819 868 31 .469 128,181 33 250 25 110,572 86 19 ,740 89 14 .559 68 500 91 .932 107 .383 300 170 .215 65 .674 413 ,841 338 240 9.842 384 .398 46 S c. 60 00 S c. 9 .193 20 S c. 8 .590 64 $ c. 18 00 $ c. 13.617 20 $ c. 2 .626 96 S c. 16 .553 64 $ 338 120 S c. 590 52 S c. 384 .398 46 m THE REPORT UPOX Xo. 14 ONTARIO Return of the number of fi-hermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats fishing industry during the year D'stricts. Fishing material Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Gill-Nets No. Ton- nage Value Men No. 1 4 3 1 7 5 6 13 Value Men 2 7 5 1 12 18 14 27 No. 16 64 20 20 15 18 Value Men 24 74 22 27 21 18 Yards Value 1 Inland Waters Frontenac County $ $ 300 1 ,150 650 15 2,500 ' 3 ,750 3 ,700 8,400 $ 42U 2,288 400 375 355 625 $ 2 Lanark and Leeds Counties. Grenville, Dundas, Stormont and Glengarry Counties. . 3 4 Prescott, Russell, Carleton and Renfrew Counties . . . 1 ,030 235 5 Peterborough and Victoria Counties 6 Lake Simcoe V Lake Nipissing S Temiskaming and Nipissing Districts 16 1,805 13 20 ,350 4 370 Totals 4ol "in stM\ 86 169 6,268 199 21 .380 4,605 Return of the kinds, quantities and values of fish Districts Herring, salted Whitefish, salted Whitefisli, fresh ■a 2 3 O o o a c 1 c -a c 1 Inland Waters. Frontenac County. . . . lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. 10 ,552 13 ,999 1,055 5.710 1.450 lbs. 2 Lanark and Leeds Co. 3 Grenville, Dundas, Stormont and Glen- garry Counties 4 Prescott, Russell, Car- leton and Renfrew Counties 2 040 5 Peterboro and Victoria Counties 6 Lake Simcoe 1,970 28 ,490 8,592 8,200 32 ,920 29 ,913 12 ,960 1 ,100 V Lake Nipissing 19 .477 55 ,289 98 576 8 Temiskaming and Nip- issing Districts Totals 400 800 618 57 ,226 400 39 ,052 71 ,033 800 13 .578 107 ,532 158 942 Values $ c. 20 00 S c. 1 .952 60 $ c. $ c. ! $ c. 7 103 30' sn (Wi $ c. 1 ,357 80 $ c. 5,376 60 S $. 15 894 20 1932 GAME AXD FISHERiES. FISHERIES the quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures employed in the 1920, in Inland Waters. Fish ing material • Other fixtures used in fiohin Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves Xo. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No. Value 1 78 314 60 S 165 517 36 ....1 47 179 21 45 29 5 S 2,175 4,855 850 1,390 990 100 $ $ S , $ $ 1? 2.765 6,000 2,200 600 3 200 270 80 115 24 no 3 4 10 6 4 1 3 14 515 250 1,500 2,000 7,750 7 520 450 2,300 2 20 1 3 3 7 25 6 1 ,400 122 410 900 IS 15 7 ,200 , 3,650 1,800 63 1 ,750 940 29 2,372 3 ,468] 33 10 .850 389 12,110 6 30 14 ,765 599 122 410 28 12 ,035 14 3, 66.=^ caught during the year 1920, in Inland Waters E o 13 ^^ •v s PC C o > ^ 6 w lbs. 1.075 6,670 775. 96 ,800: . 4 ,308! . lbs. 4 ,095 10 ,570] 3,350j 2 ,650 5 ,743 3,980 6.625 610 8,525 800 3,684 5,391 lbs. lbs. 27,043 57,845 6,580 12 ,275 29 .615, lbs. 1,035 775 1 ,165 12 ,376 115,476 lbs 28 ,524 83 ,789 3.185 27 ,800 43 ,768 36 ,452 7,891 49 ,170 lbs 300 30 3,152 No lbs. 4 .559 90 10,736 51 1 ,951 75 3,670 10 5 ,325 76 8,696 34 30,631 59 14,984 79 109 .628 26 .408 29 .615 133 .358 130 .827 280 .579 3.482 80.556 74 S c. Set $ c. 13 ,155 36: 2 .640 80| 2 ,369 20 S c 10 ,668 64 $ c. 5.233 08 11.223 16 S 3.482 80.556 74 THE EEPOBT UPON Xo. 14 ONTARIO Recapitulation of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, industry during Fishing material Disr^cto. Tugs Gasoline Launches! Sail or Row Boats GiU-Nets No. 5 26 20 15 8 Ton- nage Value Men 9 194 96 65 44 No. Val ue Men 161 83 93 149 102 100 429 412 86 No. 108 50 52 85 40 95 185 304 169 Value Men 62 62 64 113 61 137 215 474 199 Yards Value Kenora and Rainy River 65 794 531 407 174 $ 11 ,200 109 ,500 120 ,200 81 ,300 36 ,500 107 40 40 76 50 62 166 222 40 $ 49 .800 30 .800 18.125 52 ,770 31 ,250 24,195 130,510 86 ,291 20 ,465 $ 7,192 4.215 3.920 5,675 3,260 5.275 12 ,875 15.986 6,268 202 ,040 760 ,570 705 ,900 1.011 .300 340 .075 40 ,319 106 .475 Lake Huron(North Channel) 105 ,895 108 .666 Lake Huron (Proper) Lake St. Clair, etc 55 ,670 50 1,653 419,157 283 1 .402 .600 1 .057 .962 21 .380 200 ,860 144 ,298 4,605 Totals 124 3.624 777 .857 691 803 444 ,206 1615 1088 64 ,666 1387 5 .501 ,827 766 ,788 Recapitulations of the kinds, quantities and values rs y o "S "3 S -a J3 o Q Districts a a efish efish, a o 39 .850 1 695 19 27 .390J 1 12,110 6 3 ,550 53 113 50 28 121 .285 63 8 .030 1 22 12 .035j 14 28 ,560 14 2 ,533 29 33 10,850 122 410 3,665 168 31 ,718 29 .668 1.080 775 .435 1 .442 83 ,140 29 255 64 .330 6 .163 122 410 443 226 .420 275 94 ,963 of fish caught during the year 1920 eS o -3 E v a X o 3 bs. 9,330 30 ,607 lbs. "20,496 lbs. 12 ,277 lbs. 129 .430 50 20.712 76 .274 206 ,029 lbs. 52 .992 lbs. 9.441 lbs. 191 .209 114.924 420 .791 43 ,383 99.056 603 ,136 900 .491 413.841 280 .579 lbs. 379 202 138 30 649 526 No. 198 lbs. 5.316 7.267 $ c. 194 .381 83 437 ,085 67 13 .804 8,415 4,098 129,157 231 ,621 1 ,272 .181 107 .383 29,615 1,730 2.415 227 141 .247 42 .051 170.215 133 .358 17.213 54.319 3.988 395 .437 431 .864 65 .674 130 .827 251 .409 96 2 ,655 165,120 56 'J ,176 2.176 400 3 .354 .523 9.842 144 955 75 13.004 ' .38 ,742 91 ,932 26 ,408 SO .711 14 267 300 952 .473 63 500 109 .628 338 3.482 240 384 .398 46 80 .556 74 188 .971 177 .578 1 ,794 .747 432 ,795 544 .235 1 .108 .763 3.067.410 5.744 438 3 ,379 .524 2 ,691 .093 74 % c. 22 .676 52 $ c. 17 ,757 SO $ c. 143 .579 76 $ c. 25.967 70 S c. 43 .538 80 S c. 44 .350 52 $ c. 122 .696 40 $ 5.744 S 219 $ c. 202.771 44 $ c 2 .691 .093 74 40 THE ERPOPtT UPON No. 14 Comparative Statement of yield for 1919-20, according to Districts. 1919 1920 Increase Decrease Kenora and Rainj' River Districts: j^ Herring, Salted. . : Lbs. Herring, Fresh " . Whitefish, Salted " . Whitefish, Fresh " . Trout, Salted " . Trout, Fresh " Pike " . Pickerel (Dore) " . Sturgeon " . Eels " . Perch " . TuUibee " . Catfish " . Carp " . Mixed and Coarse Fish " . Caviare " Sturgeon Bladders No . Pickerel (Blue) Lbs. Lake Superior: Herring, Salted Herring, Fresh Whitefish, Salted Whitefish, Fresh Trout, Salted Trout, Fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon Eels Perch TuUibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Fish. Caviare Pickerel Blue, North Channel, (Lake Huron) : Herring, Salted Herring, Fresh W;h;tefish, Salted Whitefish, Fresh Trout, Salted Trout, Fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon Eels Perch TuUibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Fish Caviare Georgian Bay: H&rrin^t Salted. . 1,100 496,483 .50 90,807 03.5,4 4 837,049 14,310 319,400 398,11.5 123,232 449,457 049,044 9,330 9,717 241,263 76,754 53,232 259,972 269 .545,-3.50 1,. 508, 157 3,4.50 2,029,699 144,638 1,960,222 18,980 140,966 21,919 840 290,217 152 2,869 28,506 848 799,330 10,550 1,-595,608 160,639 225,404 13,523 11,580 25,996 1,111 1,020 350,7-55 86 5,600 12,277 129,430 52,992 9,441 191,209 379 198 -5,316 616,601 l,28t),9.53 200 1,704,733 145,700 1,332,428 15,271 118,779 30,607 20,496 50 114,924 202 7,267 155 24,173 552 902,703 967 1,107,771 68,500 242,003 13,804 8,415 20,712 1,730 17,213 420,791 138 3,650 318,300 32,425 2,560 110 198 5,316 71,251 1,062 8,688 20,496 50 7,267 103,-367 16,599 281 619 16,193 70,036 52 98,368 50 185,947 188,005 4.980 111,8.33 23,762 43,791 68,763 221,204 3,250 324,966 627,794 3,709 22,187 790 175,293" 2,714 4,333 296 9,583 487,837 92,139 3.615 5.284 1.950 1922 GAME AXD FISHEEIES. 41 Comparative Statement of yield for 1919-20, according to Districts — Continued. 1919 1920 Increase Decrease Georgian Bay. — Continued: Herring, Fresh Lbs Whitefish, Salted " Whitefish, Fresh " Trout, Salted " Trout, Fresh " Pike " Pickerel (Dore) " Sturgeon " Eels " Perch " Tullibee " Catfish " Carp " ML\ed and Coarse Fish " Caviare " Pickerel (Blue) " Lake Huron (Proper) Herring, Salted " Herring, Fresh " Whitefish, Salted " Whitefish, Fresh " Trout, Salted " Trout, Fresh " Pike " Pickerel (Dore) " Sturgeon " Eels " Perch " Tullibee " Catfish " Carp " Mixed and Coarse Fish " Caviare " Pickerel, (Blue) " Lake St. Clair, Etc: Herring, Salted Herring, Salted Whitefish, Salted Whitefi.sh, Fresh Trout, Salted Trout, Fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Fish . Caviare Pickerel (Blue) Lake Erie: Herring, Salted. .. Herring, Fresh . . . Whitefish, Salted. 60,870 9,650 391,008 26,300 898,417 28,341 76,839 1,778 50 6,076 53,784 4,948 54,516 81,277 ""266 8,000 143,017 6,800 90,619 51,550 827,722 3,333 182,562 11,094 25 67,469 170,165 383 6,910 105,314 1,023 550 13,300 38,235 60,319 10,800 140,147 73,805 294,440 537,262 478 500 7,425,713 49,282 5,900 445,351 18,400 972,158 44,164 67,307 2,655 4,098 76,274 2,415 54,319 43,383 30 7,700 172,630 900 82,194 56,850 790,168 4,995 139,634 9,176 129,157 206,029 227 3,988 99,056 649 2,176 400 7,327 107,576 26,968 13,004 231,621 141,247 395,437 603,136 526 400 9,651,284 20,000 54,343 73,741 15,823 877 22,496 30 29,613 5,300 1,662' 61,688 35,864 1,626 400 69,341 '2,264 91,474 67,442 100,997 65,874 48 2,225,571 20,000 11,588 3,750 7,900 9,532 50 1,978 2,533 197 37,894 200 300 5,900 8,425 57,554 42,928 1,918 25 156 2,922 6,258 374 5,973 33,351 100 42 THE EEPOET UPOX Xo. 14 Comparative Statement of yield f . r 1919-20, according to Districts. — Concluded. Lake Erie. — Continued: Whitefish, Fresh Lbs. Trout, Salted " . Trout, Fresh " . Pike ' . Pickerel (Dore) " . Sturgeon " . Eels " . Perch " . Tullibee " . Catfish " . Carp " . Mixed and Coarse Fish " Caviare " . Sturgeon Bladders No . Pickerel (Blue) Lbs. Lake Ontario: Herring, Salted " Herring, Fresh " Whitefish, Salted " Whitefish, Fresh " Trout, Salted " Trout, Fresh " Pike " Pickerel (Dore) " Sturgeon " Eels " Perch " Tullibee " Catfish " Carp " Mixed and Coarse Fish " Caviare " Sturgeon Bladders No . Pickerel (Blue) Lbs Inland Waters: Herring, Salted Herring, Fresh Whitefish, Salted Whitefish, Fresh Trout, Salted Trout, Fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Fish . Caviare 1919 1,094,280 1,528 727,037 144,323 42,709 1920 818,304 1,096,935 1,323 33,972 378,380 793,658 1,827 1^ 4 2,387,787 10,930 1,709,412 7,225 1,586,333 900 553,203 246,095 40,459 167,186 158,802 247,840 169,471 603,014 202 2,692 75,056 843 94,330 500 12,335 136,689 214,079 108,519 20,842 33,686 11,564 116,087 194,080 336,279 3,020 1,044 115,259 166,013 267 38,742 1,272,181 Increase 42,051 431,864 900,491 3,354,523 3,650 1,287,580 2,950 2,024,058 3,350 458,663 311,432 36,551 500 91,932 107,383 300 170,215 65,674 413,841 338 240 9,842 400 39,052 71,033 800 13,578 107,532 158,94'i 109,628 26,408 29,615 133,358 130,827 280,579 3,482 21,690 38.742 175,246 8,079 53,484 106,833 966,736 437,725 2,450 65,337 " 500 .300 136 240 7,150 400 300 1,243 1,109 5,566 17,271 "462 Decrease 275,976 484 611,778 42,442 1,323" 1,827M 4 7,280 421,832 4,275 94,540 ' '3,968" 75,254 51,419 77,625 103,797 189,173 36,004 843 23,297 29,157 55,137 4,071 11,564 63,253 55,700 1922 GAME AND FISHEKIES. -^3 Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of O^^^ARIo for the Year, 1920, as Furnished by the Fisherman's Annual Returns. Kinds of Fish Herring, Salted Lbs Herring, Fresh Whitefish, Salted Whitefish, Fresh Trout, Salted Trout, Fresh . Pike Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Fish Caviare Sturgeon Bladders No Pickerel (Blue) Lbs Total Quantity 632,156 12,511,354 349,902 6,453,818 226.067 4,799,042 1,224,186 1,605,241 188,971 177,578 1, 794,747 432,795 544,235 1,108,763 3,067,410 5,744 438 3,379,524 Price •5 5 10 10 10 10 5 10 12 10 8 6 8 4 4 00 50 6 Value $ 31,607 80 625,567 70 34,990 20 645,381 80 22,606 70 479,904 20 61,209 30 160,524 10 22,676 52- 17,757 80 143,579 76 25,967 70 43,538 80 44,350 52 122,696 40 5,744 00 219 00 202,771 44 2,691,093 74 Comparative Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province. 1919 1920 Increase Dec ease Herring, Salted Lbs. Herring, Fresh Whitefish, Salted Whitefi.sh, Fresh Trout, Salted Trout, Fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Fish Caviare Sturgeon Bladders No . Pickerel (Blue) lbs. Total Pounds Total Increase, Pounds, 1920. 572,749 10,950,731 29,916 6,595,388 234,488 5,939,842 1,994,753 1,922,000 224,658 188,103 1,524,412 504,935 554,900 1,152,049 3,357,748 7,057 M 4 2,391,729 38,1 45,458 3-^ 632,156 12,511,354 349,902 6,453,818 226,067 4,799,042 1,224,186 1,605,241 188,971 177,578 1,794,747 432,795 .544,235 1,108,763 3,067,410 5,744 438 3,379,524 59,407 1,560,623 319,986 270,335 434 (87,795 38,501,533 356,074 ^i 141,570 8,421 1,140,800 770,567 316,759 35,687 10,525 72,140 10,665 43,286 290,3.38 1,313 'i 44 THE REPORT UPON Xo. 14 Value of Ontario Fisheries From 1901 to 1920 Inclusive Years. Value. S c. 1901 1,428,078 00 1602 1,265,705 00 1903 1,535,144 00 1904 .- 1,793,524 00 1905 1,708,963 00 1906 1,734,865 00 1907 ^ 1,935,024 90 1908 2,100,078 63 1909 2,237,544 41 1910 2,348,2.9 57 Years. Value. 1911 2,419,178 21 1912 2,842,877 09 1913 2,674,686 76 1914 2,755,293 11 1915 3,341,181 41 1916 2,658,993 43 1917 2,866,424 00 1918 3,175,110 32 1919 2,721,440 24 1920 2,6)1,093 74 Statement of the Number and Value of the Tugs, Gasoline, Sail or Row Boats, Netp, Spears, Etc., Used in the FIshinq Lvdustrt o? the Province of Ontario DaRiNO the Year 1920. Number Value Tugs (3,624 tons) Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats GiUNets Seines (31,718 yards) . . . Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Baited Hooks Spears Freezers and Ice Houses . Piers and Wharves 124 803 1,088 5,501,827 vards 168' 1,080 1,442 29 64,330 122 443 275 777,857 44,206 64,666 •. 66,788 29,668 775,435 83,140 255 6,163 410 226,420 94,963 Total. 3,269,971 Number of men employed on Tugs " " " " Gasoline Launches. " " SaU or Row Boats. 691 1,615 1,387 Total 3,693 46 THE KEPOET UPOX No. 14 ONTARIO Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, the fishing industry during the year 1921, in the Public District Fishing Material Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Gill-Nets No. 2 2 Ton- nage Value $ 9,000 1,300 Men No. Value Men No. Value Men 7 7 2 3 7 4 1 4 1 6 Yards, Value Kenora and Rainy River Lake of the Woods 43 17 6 40 5 24 15,575 9.290 58 35 1 11 30 25 2 6 5 8 3 4 1 6 2,095 1,270 80 230 235 530 110 180 75 375 69,225 40,200 5,100 12,800 5,750 29,930 22,500 6,500 14,200 8.530 $ 11,884 7,735 Manitou, Little Turtle, Kai- ofskons, Yoke and Elbow Trout, Clearwater, Pickerel, Pipestone and Noainicon . Sturgeon, Loon, Jackfish, 1 400 5 2.925 1,200 2,000 700 Sturgeon, Lac Suel, Eagle, Crow anil Vermillion Pipestone. Wabigoon, Shoal, Obabicon and Stormy. . . . Shikog, Feegan, Basketh, Minnitakie and Abraham MeKen2ie,.Stanghikini,Bear, Indian and Orang Outang Star, Keyes, Cedar, Sutana, 1 2 18 18 6,000 1,700 2 4 17 8 1 9.500 4,050 400 27 11 2 8 1 4,650 3,600 1,175 1 6 1.490 1 300 2,180 2,205 1 7 96 18,000 17 103 43.930 154 90 5,180 42 214,735 37,329 Return of the kinds, quantities and values of fish caught District h c2 1^ .T3 3-2 c Pickerel or Dore 1 Kenora and Rainy River lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. 80,085 45,415 8,055 26,619 2,243 128,781 65,125 3,796 7,648 16.897 lbs. lbs. 6,991 80 8,252 6.020 671 34,163 19,489 548 2,100 lbs. lbs. 210,340 348,443 ? 106.853 108,449 3 Manitou, Little Turtle, Kaiorskons, Yoke and 978 2,742 22,550 6.683 59,122 26.124 2,642 4 Trout, Clearwater. Pick- erel , Pipestone aqd 191,340 6 Sturgeon, Loon, Jack- fish, Crashed Pine and Vista 3,496 6 Sturgeon, Lac Stul.Eagle Crow and Vermillion Pipestone, Wabigoon, .Shoal, Obabicon and 179,039 7 106,665 8 Shikog, Feegan, Bas- keth, Minnitakie and 11,308 23,629 9 McKenzie, Stanghikini, Bear, Indian and Or- 1,357 4,610 10 Star, Keyes, Cedar, Sut- 700 1 i 2,0281 4,091 3,864 Totals 1 700 384,664 978 80.342 451, 170! 972,177 Values 1 • II 1 % c. $ c. 1 $ c. 1 $ c. 1 $ c. $ c. 1 S c. 1 $ c. 70 00 38,466 40 97 80l 8 ,034 20 22,558 50l 97,217 70 1922 GAME AXD FISHEKIES. FISHERIES ■quantity and value of all fi^shing materials and other fixtures emplo\'ed in the Waters of Kenora and Rainy River Districts. Fishing Material Other fixtures used in fishing Seines ; Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves No. Yards Value No. : Value 1 1 No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No. Value S 30 17 $ 6,700 6,450 33 $ 1,730 $ i $ 25 26 2 6 1 14 6 2 $ 9,070 27 5,400| 11 $ 5,725 1,220 300 850 3 1,600 3 225 50 5,025 1,850 600 900 200 1 10 7 2 25 1 2i 1 nnn 10 1 nnn 4,460 870 200 5 2 5 500 2 125 ! ! 1 54 15,75ol 43 2,730l.... 89 1 24,245 68 13,350 during the year 1921, in the Public \Yaters of Kenora and Rainy River Districts. 5 1 1 1 1 ^ o Catfish 1 c. Mixed and coarse fisli 1 S3 > 03 "Ho "5 > lbs. lbs. lbs. 1,194 lbs. 37,949 33,352 lbs. 51,062 lbs. 7,305 280 lbs. 32.433 45.380 6.950 33,612 4.909 20,365 15,759 7,000 lbs. No. lbs. S c. 62,115 84 665 25 25,152 21 525 652 1 2,495 80 123 200 22,237 500 8.460 2.747 100 2,857 8,452 26,292 IS . 1,217 51 1 1 38,476 60 21.229 28 , 3,648 70 1.675 07 ^ 3,060 57 1,842^ ' 7,865 116,654 51,062 7.585 166,408 25 185,363 76 1 % cA $ c. 221 04' » c. 629 28 $ c. 6,999 24 S c. 4.084 96 $ C 303 40 « 0. 6,656 32 S c. 25 00 $ c. S c. S c 185,363 76 THE REPORT UPON Xo. 14 ONTARIO Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, fishing industry during the year 1921, District Fishing material Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Gill-Nets No. Ton- nage Value Men No. Value Men No. Value Men Yards Value 1 Lake Superior Pigeon River to Sturgeon Point and Whitefish Lake Thunder Bay $ 3 11 6 $ 1,250 7,500 3,075 5 26 7 3 8 4 4 8 3 3 13 2 $ 125 475 840 315 435 225 210 685 180 3 11 6 5 5 3 20 4 39,000 199,970 23,300 5,300 106,345 5,000 108,000 44,070 197,200 $ 4,100 7. 4 122 27,000 20 26 , 350 3 Black Bay and Point Mag- net 3,725 4 Crayfish, Arrow, North Lake and Shaganash Is- 865 5 6 7 Rossport and Wilson Island Jackfish and Port Caldwell 4 1 7 1 4 89 18 203 14 130 12,000 2,000 29,000 4,000 22,500 12 3 44 4 30 7 1 6 6 5 3,325 400 12,000 2,120 4,600 14 2 18 11 15 26,175 750 12,325 8 9 Gros Cap, Goulais Bay and Batchawana Bay Gargantua, Mamainse Point and Michipicoten Totals 4,330 19,250 21 576 96,500 113 45 34,270 98 48 3,490l 57 728,185: 97,870 Return of the kinds, quantities and values of fish caught District ■73 V "a n 'C v s 1 1 ca o Whitcfish, fresh Trout, salted Trout, fresh Pike o C C 1 Lake Superior Pigeon River to Stur- geon Point and White- lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. 11.075 102,828 29,177 3,124 31.325 18,107 1,168,200 42,996 90,457 lbs. 800 115 300 86,859 lbs. 55,047 175,593 9,779 17,446 204,866 44,688 427,825 82,234 495,464 lbs. 25 15,802 9,875 2,040 8.324 lbs. 1,095 0 276.535 403,051 15,000 335 2,000 3,040 200 68,717 3 Black Bay and Point Magnet 18,560 4 Crayfish, Arrow, North Like and Shaganash 100 5 Rossport and Wilson Is- 2,883 6 Jackf^sh and Port Cald- well 100 7 7,810 3,081 7.020 91,765 8 Gros Cap, Goulais Bay and Batchawana Bay Gargantua, Mamainsne Point and Michipi- coten 1,400 250 2,900 12,508 9 3,480 Totals Values 276,535 424,826 200 1,497,289 91,224 1,512,942 53,977 199,208 $ c. 13,826 75 $ c. 21,241 30 $ c. 20 00 $ c. 149,728 90 $ c. 9,122 40 $ c. 151,294 20 S c 2,698 85 $ c. 19.920 80 1922 GAME AND FISHEJJIES 49 FISHERIES the quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures emploj^ed in the in the Public Waters of Lake Superior. Fish ing material Other fixtures used in fishing Seines Pound_Nets Hoop' Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks. Value No. Value No. Value No. Value S $ 1 $ 60 $ $ S 1 2 2 3 $ 50 1,600 1,900 225 2,100 1 6 2 50 2 4 2 13 2 10 15 14 2,500 2,000 400 4.300 1,800 2,500 5,650 7,000 1,625 300 3 4 750 2,100 2.500 75 125 3 4 540 2,600 1 •3 100 1,450 1 i 62 26,150 1 60 4,600 200 18 9,015 17 4,275 during the year 1921, in the Public Waters of Lake Superior. s « Ih ■a "0 V o S d "2 « n O ai o (3 1 o 7.=i 2 100 2 250 7 810l 615 66l 37,175 2 100 32 6.240' lol 1,340 during the year 1921, in the Public Waters of Lake Huron. (Proper) E ■o "S 13 3 d a n c M ^ 3 c^ lbs. 28 lbs. lbs. 4,634 109,509 12.993 lbs. 112,773 8,275 lbs. lbs. lbs. 547 13,810 87,568 lbs. No. lbs. « c. 71.702 79 18,855 92 8,260 481 3,518 4,713 546 31.913 77 8,288 127,136 121,048 481 3,518 101,925 4,713 546 122.472 48 $ c. 994 56 $ c. S c. 10,170 88 $ c. 7,262 88 $ c. 38 48 $ c. 140 72 S c. 4.077 00 $ c. 4.713 00 $ c. 8 c. 32 76 $ c 122,472 48 56 THE REPOET UPON No. 14 ONTARIO Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, fishing industry during the year 1921, District Fishing material Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Gill-Nets No. Ton- nage Value Men No. Value Men No. Value Men Yards Value 1 Lake St. Clair, Etc. Kent County (Including $ 34 28 1 $ 16,040 10,395 150 40 24 2 55 34 21 S 4,405 4,640 595 63 22 36 $ 9 3 Totals 63 26,585 66 110 9,640' 121 Return of the kinds, quantities and values of fish caught District "V •o -c tS £ T3 4 Xi "3 c tn w to •E 3 3 1 K J3 % O 1 Lake St. Clair, etc. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. 34,123 14,922 5,950 lbs. 26,102 0 300 25 2,200 200 10,096 ^ 1,400 Total 325 2,400 54,995 37,598 Values $ c. $ c. 16 25 $ c. $ c. 240 00 S c. $ c. $ c. 2,749 75 $ c. 3,759 80 1922 GAME AND FISHERIES. FISHERIES the quantity and value of all fi.shing materials and other fixtures employed in the in the Public Waters of Lake St. Clair, etc. Fishing material Other fixtures used in fishing Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines ' Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves No. Yards Value No. Value No. A'alue No. Value No. Hooks. Value No. Value No. Value No. Value 31 4,802 2,225 3,227 $ 4,205 1,500 1,962 $ 131 87 $ 15,510 10,725 $ 300 1,100 600 S 30 155 $ 35 19 S 9,675 8,775 26 7 S 6,350 8 6 2,125 1 300 875 '>o 1 2 55 64 10,254 7,667 6 2,125 218 26,235 1 2I 2,000l 240l 1 300 54 18,450 33 7,225 during the year 1921, in the Public Waters of Lake St. Clair, etc. c 0 0 1 ? •0 pa n e 0 a 1 0 0 0. 0 B ■H 0 0 5 ■3 s 0 > lbs. lbs. lbs. 89,004 41,650 650 lbs. lbs. 41,890 24,458 1,210 lbs. 182,368 68,109 66,240 lbs. 269,239 152,356 16,478 lbs. No. lbs. $ c. 32,852 15 10 320 3,741 60 21,077 34 1 , .565 160 4,173 67 11,885 131,304 67,558 316,717 438,073 3,801 160 58,103 16 S c. $ c. $ c. S c. S c. $ c. S c. $ c. $ c. $ c. $ c. 1,426 20 10,504 32 5,404 64 12,668 68 17,522 92 3,801 00 9 60 58,103 16 .58 THE REPORT UPON Xo. 14 ONTARIO Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, fishing industry during the year 1921, District Fishing material Tugs No. Ton- nage Value Men Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats No. Value Men No. Value Men Gill-Nets Yards Value Lake Erie Essex County , Kent County Elgin County Norfolk County Haldimand( including Grand River) Welland County (including upper Niagara River) .... 101 123 793 221 198 Totals . 1,436 S 32,000 24,400 216,964 45,500 53,600 372,464 18 13 141 47 $ 35,130 44,750 13,225 15,395 8,400 1 , 200 139 82 77 32 7 $ 4,785 4,822 3,031 5,725 5,250 800 126, 85, 741, 302, 229, 17, $ 12,838 6,815 100,030 29,779 24,100 1,475 263 155 118,100 423 200 24,413 154 1,502,500 175,037 Return of the kinds, quantities and values of fish caught during District Lake Erie Essex County Kent County Elgin County Norfolk County Haldimand County (including Grand River) Welland County (iricluding upper Niagara River) Totals . Values . lbs. $ c. s o 3 3 u O ^ H E- £ lbs. 37,413 203,861 1,129,730 1,851 2,351,442 lbs. 1,479,7141 23,140 5,225,300 $ c. $ 261,265 00 185 10 1,851 lbs. 247,634 72,803 200,838 100,561 335,433 7,379 964,648 $ c. , 96,464 80 lbs. % c. lbs. 391 246 637 $ c. 63 70 lbs. 5,137 758 2,650 84 , 722 945 2,480 96,692 $ c. 4,834 60 lbs. 80,330 119,925 89,159 6,093 14,654 860 311,021 31,102 10 1922 GAME AXI) FISHERIES. 59 FISHERIES the quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures employed in the in the Public Waters of Lake Erie. FLshing materia Other fixtures used in fishing Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and; Piers and Ice Houses | Wharves No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks. Value No. Value No. Value No. Value 10 2,675 1,675 S 2,530 950 202 223 127 12 58 6 S 117,100 193.900 78,350 8,500 30.300 3,000 10 $ 5.025 $ 725 $ 85 $ -28 41 25 17 11 2 18,525 9 S 2,400 5 3 3 9 10 15 142 77 79,900' 24 28,305 12 8,850 1,570 700 600 4.200 629 413 300 180 fi SQ.-I 31 11,900 640 8,115 955 22 475 9,500j 15 i'.T^Ct 5 1 5,000i 6 1,260 150 51 16.890 12,550 628 431,150 32 5,500 21 244 7,795 1,607 124 141,380 66 23,533 the year 1921. in the Public Waters of Lake Erie. o So (U 0 c. u 1* 2 0 1 s S 0 3 "5 £ 1 c 0 s [3 lbs. lbs. ' lbs. 14,4.55' .'^90.270 lbs. lbs. 11.541 6 21,916 10,850 457 812 lbs. 69,046 36,416 928 147,638 51,817 39,582 lbs. 516,315 272,147 61,099 114,925 106 , 200 850 lbs. No. lbs. 457,192 2.533,984 2,504,136 376,180 453. 386 41.676 $ c 119 .360 24 784,573 500,671 179.877 256 651 63 68 280.344 08 29 180.847 08 1 10 91,126 610 18,381 149,917 73 7 819 18 15,104: 1,964,898 68' 45,582 345.427 1,071,536 6.366.554 994,939 94 f c. $ c. 1,510 40 S c. 157,191 84 $ c. 8c. 4 08 3. 648 .56 $ e. 13,817 08 8 p. 42,861 44 8 c. 8 c. 8 c. 381,993 24 8 c. 994 939 94 60 THE REPORT UPON So. 14 ONTARIO Return of the number of fi.shermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, the industrj- during the year 1921, in the Public Fishing material District Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Gill-Nets No. Ton- nage Value Men No. Value Men No. 1 Value 1 Men Yards Value 1 Lake Ontario. $ 16 5 13 2 12 15 22 29 84 69 11 12 $ 6,505 3,200 7,500 1,200 5.075 5,750 13.000 12,650 33,255 24,000 2,800 3,675 27 10 20 5 18 27 44 53 160 138 17 17 7 6 4 1 7 3 1 14 101 144 3 31 $ 305 400 180 35 550 70 100 895 3.925 7.897 150 1.231 16 9 7 3 9 3 2 24 161 237 4 41 53,050 43,200 78 , 500 12,000 41,500 63,800 154,500 124,800 468,595 418,450 67,600 42,000 S 6,805 •> 5,885 s 1 1 , 080 4 Peel County 1,700 5 8,468 6 5,570 Durham County 15,265 8 13,300 9 49,241 10 36 , 225 11 Lennox and Addington . . . 5,504 1? Frontenac County 4,220 Totals 290 118.610 536 322 15,7.38 516 1,567,995 163,263 Return of the kinds, quantities and values of fish caught District T3 ■o 2 ^ .£ tn ui tn j a ■c ■j^ -i-» 1 B ^ J Lake Ontario. Lincoln County Wentworth County Halton County Peel County York County I Ontario County Durham County Northumberland County 9 Prince Edward County 10, Bay of Quinte 11 Lennox and Addington Counties 12 Frontenac County. Totals . Values . lbs. 500 1.025 350 15 2,186 lbs. 45.470 25.400 63.727 6.000 16.166 961 1.000 10.305 271.327 562.860 7.909 3.294 1.014.419 So. S c. 109 30 50.720 95 lbs. 3,868 5,920 10.488 lbs. 21.852 29.200 38.171 4,000 60.742 86.161 188.620 217,842 734.179 626.654 121,005 28.560 2.156,5 lbs. 400 495 200 1,000 40 26.311 257 840 29.543 lbs. 104 , 308 9,350 29,910 46,000 11,425 3,493 19,230 49,999 184.730 16.914 34.219 19.715 529,302 S c. $ c. $ c. $ c. S c. $ c. 1,048 80 215.698 602,954 30)52.930 20 11.657 15 7.330 -50 lbs. 550 200 320 21,950 39,. 301 144,203 1,500 24,655 233,143 lbs. 150 100 1,959 66,231 1,700 2,340 73,305 1922 GAME AXD FISHEEIES. 61 FISHERIES quantit}' and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures employed in the fishing Waters of Lake Ontario. Fishing material Other fixtures used in fishing Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks. Value No. Value No. Value No. Value 5 516 S 500 $ S S 1,200 $ 345 % 2 1 2 $ 250 1.000 250 % ? 466 75 650 300 400 266 ...:...i .- 7 1 1,466 f, 100 300 640 405 200 300 7 3 6 875 . 26 148 408 2 117 1,636 5,270 12,785 80 4,145 1,200 5,468 30 487 5 32 225 4 . 285 1 7 300 225 7 125 10 630 4,7901 151 8 li285 6 250 300 2,700 8 10 25 71 8 i.356 7 910 21 2,583 2.205 i 701 23,310 . . .. 15,958' 1,099!... J 64 9,520 29' 3,790 during the" year 1921, in the Public Waters of Lake Ontario. Sturgeon Perch Eh ■g "S 0 & 6 0 0 a m a 0 3 3 s 1 0 1 > lbs. 1,464 lbs. 849 lbs. 2,145 1,125 lbs. lbs. 74 lbs. 8,250 lbs. 13,317 1,475 13,836 17,200 12,945 5,884 3,563 43,259 71,011 200,308 lbs. 103 No. lbs. 8,824 i c. 16 856 42 5.396 50 1,895 4,000 9,656 1,011 500 166 10 721 49 6 158 00 1.200 9 049 04 76 654 502 9 413 77 21 097 52 4,775 22,285 53,654 2,280 27,183 3,100 6,705 61,. 348 140 12,633 3.100 38,148 120,396 30 21,227 8.700 31,661 71 324 475 19,310 11,875 225 6,145 120,162 41 4,908 135 683 47 16,413 45 33.052 13 608 68 1,798 112,226 87,272 475 183,629 62,867 415.850 103 23,034 396,222 46 $ c. 215 76 % c. 11,222 60 $ c. 6.981 76 $ c. 28 50 S c. 14,690 32 $ c. 2,514 68 « c. 16,634 00 $ c. 103 00 S c. S c. 1,382 04 $ c. 396,222 46 62 THE KEPOKT FPOX No. 14 ONTARK Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boati fishing industry during the year 192: 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 District Fishing Material Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Gill-nets No. Ton- nage Value Men No. Value Men No. Value Men Yards Val 1 2 Inland iValers $ $ 27 10 23 50 22 10 $ 895 325 444 968 525 500 44 12 5 40 33 8 S 3 Lanark and Leeds Counties. Grenville, Dundas, Stormont 41 15 9 6 5 4 6 13,430 1,800 1,750 1,375 2,950 3,025 4,000 54 15 10 9 17 11 15 4 5 6 7 8 9 Prescott, Russell, Carleton and Renfrew Counties . . . Peterborough and Victoria 3 9 5,400 6 2,802 5. 10 11 12 Temiskaming and Nipissing 13 1,150 11 25,150 5,3( Totals 3 9 5, 400 6 86 28,330 131 155 4,807 153 27,952! 5,9< Return of the kinds, quantities and values of fish caugl District -3 o ^ "O 03 £ jZ 4 "3 ti ti ■j: ■^^ .2 2 ■^ .ti 3 3 JS, O o o ^ ^ ^ H H Pik Inland WaUrs and Frontenac County Lanark and Leeds Counties. . . . Grenville, Dundas, Stormont Glengarry Counties Prescott, Russell, Carleton and Ren frew Counties Peterborough and Victoria Counties.. Lake Simcoe Lake Nipissing Temiskaming and Nipissing Districts Totals . « c. $ c. , Valuea 17 50 1 , 183 90 lbs. 350 350 lbs. lbs. 2,500 11,999 9,179 200 lbs. 2,013 22,621 23,504 23,678 2001 48,138 lbs. 100 100 8 c. $ c. 20 0014,813 80l lbs. 9,289 1,519 10,808 $ c 10 00 1,080 80 lbs. 19,208 5,992 800 6,635 10,751 30,577 45,305 119,268 $ c. 5,963 40 lbs 2,21 99,37 47, 2C 148, SC $ c 14,880 C 1022 GAME AND FISHEEIES. 6;-5 FISHERIES the quantity and value of all fi.shing materials and other fixtures employed in the in Inland Waters. Fishing Material Other fixtures used in fishing Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharv.^. Xo. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. \alue No. Hooks. Value No. Value No. Value No. Value 8 80 60 $ 310 300 $ 72 100 1 79 95 7 $ 3,. 390 3,720 35 1,642 2,320 95 $ 600 2,900 3,585 6,825 S 21 185 86 167 $ 2 S 270 $ 3 1 1 9 S 2 2 24 50 3 32 4 300 990 250 1 100 f, 218 1,900 416 3,850 8 115 701 105 3,828 2 1,450 6 1,950 3 3 1 1,.500 17 10 6,400 2,800 1,500 31 690 300 25 2,258 4,876 27 9,200 385 11.892 19 78 13,910-' 459 115 701 154 9,038 8 3,400 during the year 1921, in Inland Waters. c c Catfish Mixed and Coarse Fish 0) il lbs. lbs. 10,621 10,444 3,008 3,964 8,445 lbs. 5,685 2,220 50 11,6.33 2,703 lbs. lbs. 31.815 45.460 1,225 16.S27 36,347 lbs. 1,500 lbs. 54,911 39,805 300 lbs. No. lbs. 7.278 94 1 510 6,931 80 7 956 1,100 4,185 2.400 2.50,521 46 1,499 .")2 42..S93 20 51 ,.5051 100 5.135 ti- ll, 790 K5 .'■|3.143 14.400 43,049 "1,857 l.{.276 76 59,813 ••:i,930 fm 173 500 11.760 60 69,279 36,482 22.46-1 500 131.674 259,706 300,096 1,923 100 76,613 20 $ r. ^.313 48 $ c. 3,648 20 S c. 1,797 12 $ r, 30 00 S c. 10,533 92 » c. 10.388 24 ? p. 12,003 ai % c. 1,923 00 t c. S c. 6 00 76,613 20 64 THE REPOET UPOX Xo. 14 ONTARIO Recapitulation of tlie number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats fishing industry Districts. Fishing material Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Gill-Nets No. Ton- nage Value Men No. Value Men No. Value Men Yards Value 1 Kenora and Rainy River 7 21 21 10 5 96 576 506 274 110 S 18,000 96,500 1.38,200 51,000 20,000 17 113 102 50 28 103 45 56 80 46 63 155 290 86 $ 43,930 34,270 37,605 69,070 27,225 26,585 118,100 118,610 28,330 1.54 98 113 166 92 66 423 536 131 90 48 83 71 30 110 200 $ 5,180 3,490 5,453 5,. 580 3,135 9,640 •>4.413 42 57 78 92 29 121 154 516 153 214.735 728,185 771,041 9.34,815 434.660 $ 37,329 ■> 97 , 870 3 4 Lake Huron(North Channel) 90.896 93.283 5 6 Lake Huron (Proper) Lake 8t. Clair dtc 46,280 49 1,436 372 464 263 1.. 502, 500 175,037 8 .322 15.738 1,567,995 163,263 9 Inland Waters Total.s 3 9 5,400 6 155 4,807 27,9.52' 5,901 116 3,007 701,564 579 924 503,725 1.779 1.109 77.436 1.242 6,181.883 709.8.59 Recapitulation of the kind.s, quantities and values Districts. Kenora and Rainy River Districts Lake Superior Lake Huron (North Channel) Georgian Bay Lake Huron (Proper) . . Lake St. Clair etc Lake Erie I^ake Ontario Inland Waters lbs. 276,535 905 2,750 6,100 Tot.als . 2.186 3.50 288,826 A'niuos 11 lbs. 424,826j 23,734! 61,002 103,891 325 5, 225,. 300 1,014,419 23,678 6,877,175 S c. S Ml 30 343,858 75 lbs. 700 200 2,2.50 5,015 6,. 350 l^Soi 10,488 200 27,0.54 $ c. 2,705 40 384 , 664 1,497,289 664,996 5.50,415 70,143 2.400 964 , 648 2,1.56,986 48,1.38 6,339,679 633.967 90 lbs. 978 91,224 5,110 17,980 12,095 29,543 100 157,030 lbs. 80,342 1,512,942 1,589,214 908,966 678,082 637 529,302 10,808 5,310,293 $0. S 15,703 001531,029 30 lbs. 451,170 53,977 134,704 86.813 7,067 .54. 995 96,692 233,143 119,268 1,237,829 $ c. $ 61,891 45 206.660 lbs. 972, 199, 160, .38, 125, 37, 311, 73, 148, 177 208 719 551 223 .598 021 305 800 2,066,602 20 1922 GAME AND FISHERIES. 65 FISHERIES the quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures employed in the during the year 1921. Fishing material Other fixtures used in fishing Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks. Value No. Value No. Value No. Value $ 54 62 194 15 66 6 628 S 15,750 26,150 110,800 89,200 37,175 2.125 431,150 43 1 10 53 2 218 32 701 385 $ 2,730 60 440 1,270 100 26,235 5,500 23,310 11,892 $ $ S 89 18 34 31 32 54 124 64 154 $ 24,245 9,015 10.275 12,405 6,240 18,450 141,380 9,520 9,038 68 17 30 34 10 33 66 29 8 $ 13,350 4,600 4,500 29,900 200 750 8,392 4,275 17,000 ^'> 1,790 810 10,254 16,890 2,583 2,258 1,188 615 7,667 12,550 2,205 4,876 8,485 7 1,340 64 51 21 2 244 2,000 7,795 15,958 13,910 240 1,607 1,099 459 1 300 7,225 23,533 ?1 3.790 25 27 9,200 19 78 115 701 3,400 180 34,585 29,101 1,052 721,550 1,445 71, 537 41 324 78, 663 12, 747 116 1,001 600 240, 568 295 82, 398 of fish caught during the year 1921. s o u 3 So "ej 1 CC o c. o Mixed and coarse fish Caviare Pickerel (Blue) a) 3 > lbs. 1,842 26.305 lbs. lbs. 7,865 lbs. 116,654 300 50,161 82,320 121,048 68 475 500 lbs. 51,062 4,109 13,819 481 67,558 45,582 183,629 131,674 lbs. 7,585 5,462 10,817 68,727 3,518 316,717 345,427 62,867 259,706 lbs. 166,408 72,959 411,600 138,310 101,925 4.38,073 1,071,536 415,850 300,096 lbs. 25 165 235 20 4,713 3,801 ios 1,923 lbs. ""151504 $ C. 185,363 76 375,259 88 12 903 11.863 4.435 127.136 131,304 1,964.898 87,272 22,464 273,163 51 2 629 174,637 43 8,288 546 122.472 48 11,885 ' isiioi 112,226 36,482 160 58,103 16 6,366,554 994,939 94 1,798 69,279 23,034 396,222 46 100 76,613 20 134,929[ 163,812 2,357,237 371,526 497,914 1,080.826 3,116,757 10,985 6,405,898 2,656,775 82 $ c. $ c. 16,191 4816.381 20 S c. 188,578 96 $ c. 22,291 56 S e. 39,833 12 $ c. $ c. 43,233 04 124,670 28 $ c. 10,985 00 $ c. 384,. 353 88 2,656.775 82 (j<\ THE EEPOET UPON Xo. 14 Comparative Statement of yield for 1920-21,^ according to Districts 1920 1921 Increase Decrease Kenora and Rainy River Districts: Herring, Salted lbs Herring, Fresh Whitefish, Salted Whitefish, Fresh Trout, Salted Trout, Fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon Eels Perch TulHbee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse! Caviare Sturgeon Bladders No Pickerel (Blue) lbs. Lake Superior: Herring, Salted lbs Herring, Fresh Whitefish, Salted Whitefish, Fresh Trout, Salted Trout, Fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Caviare Pickerel (Dore) North Channel, Lake Huron: Herring, Salted lbs Herring, Fresh Whitefish, Salted Whitefish, Fresh Trout, Salted Trout, Fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Caviare 'Georgian Bay: Herring, Salted lbs. Herring, Fresh " Whitefish, Salted " Whitefish, Fresh " 319,400 398,115 123,232 449,457 649,044 9,330 12,277 129,430 52,992 9,441 191,209 379 198 5,316 016,601 1,286,953' 200 1,704,733 145,700 1,332,428 15,271 118.779 30,607 20,496 50 114,924 202 7 , 267 155 24 , 173 552 902,703 967 1,107,771 68,500 242,003 13,804 700 384,664 978 80,342 451,170 972,177 1,842 7,865 116.654 51,062 7,585 166,408 25 276,535 424,826 200 1,497,289 91,224 1,512,942 53,977 199 , 208 26,305 300 8,415 20,712 1,730 17,213 420,791 138 3,650 49 , 282 5,900 445,351 5,462 72,959 165 15,504 905 23,734 2,250 664,996 5,110 1,589,214 134,704 160,719 12,903 11,863 50,161 4,109 10,817 411,610 235 2,750 61,002 5,015 550,415 978 1,713 323 , 133 180,514 38,706 80,429 2.50 5^462 8,237 750 1,698 4,143 481,443 66,204 3,448 29,449 2,379 97 11,720 105,064 318,700 13,451 '42.890 7,488 4,412 12,776 1,930 1,856 24,801 354 198 5,316 340,066 862,127 207,444 54,476 4,302 20,496 41,965 37 439 '237JO7' 81.284 901 6,396 9,181 900 885' 1922 GAME AND FISHERIES. Comparative Statement of yield for 1920-1921, according to Districts — Continued. Georgian Bay — Continued: Trout, Salted lbs Trout, Fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Caviare Lake Huron (Proper): Herring, Salted lbs Herring, Fresh Whitefish, Salted Whitefish, Fresh Trout, Salted Trout, Fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Caviare Pickerel (Blue) Lake St. Clair, Etc.: Herring, Salted lbs Herring, Fresh Whitefish, Salted "Whitefish, Fresh Trout, Salted Trout, Fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Caviare Pickerel (Blue) Lake Erie: Herring, Salted lbs Herring, Fresh Whitofi.sh, Salted Whitefish, Fresh Trout, Salted Trout, Fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) 1920 1921 Increase 18,400 972,158 44,164 67,307 2,655 4,098 76,274 2,415 54.319 43,383 30 7,700 172,630 900 82,194 56,850 790.168 4.995 139.634 9,176 129,157 206,029 227 3,988 99,056 649 2,176 400 7,327 107,576 26,968 13,004 231,621 141,247 395,437 603,136 526 400 9,651,284 20.000 818,304 1.044 115, 259 166,013 17,980 908,966 86,813 38,551 2,629 4,435 82,320 13,819 68,727 138,310 20 6,100 103,891 6,350 70,143 12,095 678,082 7,067 125,223 8,288 127,136 121,048 481 3,518 101,925 4,713 546 325 2^400 54,995 37,598 11,885 131,304 67,558 316,717 438,073 3,801 160 5,225,300 1,851 964,648 637 96,692 311,021 Decrease 42,649 337 6,046 11,404 14,408 94,927 5,450 2,072 254 2,869 4,064 10,630 3,275 420 63,192 28,756 26 10 1,600 68,739 12,051 44.755 112,086 i4!4ii' 888 2,021 84,981 "'476' 1,630 75 4^927" 52,581 1,119 100.317 73,689 78,720 165,063 240 146,344 4.425,984 18,149 145,008 ■. 407 18,567 GS THE REPOET UPON Xo. 14 Comparative Statement of yield for 1920-21, according to Districts — Continued 1920 1921 Increase Decrease Lake Erie — Continued: Sturgeon lbs Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Pickerel (Blue) Lake Ontario: Herring, Salted lbs. Herring, Fresh Whitefish, Salted Whitefish, Fresh Trout, Salted Trout, Fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Caviare Sturgeon Bladders No Pickerel (Blue) lbs. Inland Waters : Herring, Salted lbs. Herring, Fresh Whitefish, Salted Whitefish, Fresh Trout, Salted Trout, Fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Caviare Pickerel (Blue) 267 38,742 1,272,181 42,051 431,864 900,491 3,354,523 3,650 1,287,580 2,950 2,024,058 3,350 458,663 311,432 36,551 500 91,932 107,383 300 170,215 65,674 413.841 338 240 9,842 400 39,052 71,033 800 13,578 107,532 158,942 109,628 26,408 29,615 133,358 130,827 280,579 3,482 15,104 1,964,898 68 45,582 345,427 1,071,536 6,366,554 2,186 1,014,419 10,488 2,156,986 29,543 529,302 233,143 73,305 1,798 112,226 87,272 475 183, 629 62,867 415,850 103 23,034 350 23,678 200 48,138 100 10,808 119,268 148,800 69,279 36,482 22,464 500 131,674 259,706 300,096 1,923 100 692,717 68 3,531 171,045 3,012,031 7,538 132,928 26,193 70,639 36,754 1,298 20,294 175 13,414 '2^009 13,192 200 11,736 10,074 "500 128,879 19,517 100 267 23,638 86,437 1,464 273,161 78,289 20,111 2,807 235 240 50 15,374 22,895 700 2,770 10,142 40,349 7,151 '1^684' 1,559 1922 GAME AND FISHERIES. 6'J Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of Ontario for the Year 1921 AS Furnished bt the Fishermen's Annual Returns Herring, Salted lbs Herring, Fresh Whitefish. Salted " .... Whitefish, Fresh " 288,826 6,877,175 27,054 6,339,679 157,030 5,310,293 1,237,829 2,066,602 134,929 163.812 2,357,237 371,526 497,914 1,080.826 3,116,757 10.985 6.405.898 S 05 05 10 10 10 10 05 10 12 10 08 06 08 04 04 1 00 06 .? 14,441 30 343,858 75 2,705 40 633,967 90 Trout, Salted " Trout, Fresh " Pike " .... Pickerel (Dore).... " .... Sturgeon " .... 15,703 00 531,029 30 61,891 45 206,660 20 16,191 48 Eels Perch " .... Tullibee " .... 16.381 20 188,578 96 22,291 56 Catfish " .... Carp " .... Mixed and Coarse " .... 39,833 12 43,233 04 124,670 28 Caviare " . . . . 10,985 00 Pickerel (Blue) " .... 384,353 88 Totals - ' ' 2,656,775 82 CoMP.uiATivE Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Provixpe. 1920 1921 Increase Decrease Herring, Salted lbs. Herring, Fresh " Whitefish, Salted " Whitefish, Fresh " Trout, Salted " Trout, Fresh " Pike " Pickerel (Dore) " Sturgeon " Eels " Perch " Tullibee " Catfish " Carp " Mixed and Coarse " Caviare " Sturgeon Bladders No, Pickerel (Blue) lbs. Total Pounds Total Decrease, Pounds, 1921 632,156 12,511.354 349.902 6,453,818 226,067 4,799,042 1,224,186 1.605,241 188,971 177,578 1,794,747 432,795 544,235 1,108.763 3,067,410 5,744 438 3,379,524 38.501,533 288,826 6.877,175 27,054 6.339,679 157,030 5,310,293 1,237.829 2,066,602 134,929 163,812 2.357,237 371,526 497,914 1,080,826 3,116,757 10,985 6,405,898 36,444,372 511,251 13,643 461,361 562,490 49,347 5,241 3,026,374 343,330 5,634,179 322,848 114,139 69,037 54,042 13,766 61,269 46.321 27.937 438 2,057,161 THE EEPOET UPON No. 14 Value ok Ontario Fisheries from 1901 to 1921 Inclusive. Years. Value. $ c. 1901 1,428,078 00 1902 1,265,705 00 1903 1,5.35,144 00 1904 1,793,524 00 1905 1,708,963 00 1906 1,734,865 00 1907 1,935,024 90 1908 2, 100, 078 63 1909 2,237,544 41 1910 2,348,269 57 Years. Value. 1911 2,419,178 21 1912 2,842,877 09 1913 2,674,686 76 1914 2,755,293 11 1915 3,341,181 41 1916 2,658,993 43 1917 2,866,424 00 1918 3,175,110 32 1919 2,721,440 24 1920 2,691,093 74 1921 2,656,775 82 Statement of the Number and Value of the Tugs, Gasoline, Sail or Row Boats, Nets, Spears, etc., Used in the Fishing Industry of the Province of Ontario During the; Year 1921. Tugs (3,007 tons) Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats GUI Nets Seines (34,585 yards) . . . Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Baited Hooks Spears Freezers and Ice Houses. Piers and Wharves Total. Number 116 924 1,109 6,181,883 yards 180 1,052 1,445 41 78,663 116 600 295 Value 701.564 503,725 77,436 709,859 29,101 721,. 5.50 71,537 324 12,747 1,001 240,568 82,398 3,151,810 Number of men employed on Tugs " " " Gasoline Launches . Sail or Row Boats. 579 1,779 1,242 3,600 Sixteenth Annual Report OF THE GAME AND FISHERIES DEPARTMENT 1922 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE^LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO TORONTO: Printed and Published by^Clarkson W. James, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty 19 2 3 PRODUlcD bv lUnitcd Press] i^-i- LI ^IT^ II "^rP |@,T0R0n>T0(^' To His Honour Henry Cockshutt, Esq., Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario. May It Please Your Honour: I have the honour to submit herewith, for the information of Your Honour and the Legislative Assembly, the Sixteenth Annual Report of the Game and Fisheries Department of this Province. I ha\'e the honour to be Your Honour's most obedient servant, H. Mills, Minister of Mines. Toronto, 1923. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Game and Fisheries Department of Ontario To the Honourable H. Mills, Minister. Sir, — I have the honour to place before you the Sixteenth Annual Report of the work of the Game and Fisheries Department for the fiscal year ending the 31st day of October, 1922. The gross revenue received (aside from the receipts from the Sales Branch) amounted to 8737,519.65, and after deducting expendi- tures of both capital charges and ordinarv expenses, a net surplus was obtained of 8390,167.65. Comparative Statemext of Revexue axd Expenditure, 1916-1922 Ixc, AS SHOWX IX THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTS. Revenue. Expenditure. Surplus. 1916 8174,186 71 8157,68194 8 16,504 77 1917 219.442 94 154,055 17 65,387 77 1918 258,671 62 167.795 22 90,876 40 1919 346,197 14 185.247 72 160,949 42 1920 466,550 86 239,978 13 226,572 73 1921 612,972 86 287,608 87 325,363 99 1922 737,519 65 347,352 00 390,167 65 Sales Braxch. 1922 824,825 39 852,133 05 The Sales Branch was discontinued during the year. Statistics. The figures and statements presented herein, furnishing statistics of the various branches within the Department, have been carefully prepared and provide very interesting and valuable information. F'lSH. The statistics of the commercial fisheries of the Proxince are shown in comparison as follows: — 1920 1921 1922 Gill nets licensed (yards) 5,501,827 6,181,883 6,239,582 Seines " 168 180 186 Pound nets " 1,080 1,052 1,285 Hoop nets " 1,442 1,445 1,282 Dip and Roll nets licensed 29 41 59 Spears " 122 116 151 Hooks " 64,330 78,663 85,865 Number of men employed 3,693 3,600 4,003 Number of tugs 124 116 101 Number of gasoline boats 803 924 946 Number of sail or row boats 1,088 1,109 1,181 \'alue of boats, ice-houses, wharves and twine 83,269,971 00 83,151,810 00 3,352,410 001 Aggregate catch in pounds 38,501,533 36,444,372 38,022,017 Value to fishermen 82,691.093 74 82,656,775 82 82,807,525 21 7 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 x^NGLIXG. The fee for non-resident angling permits was maintained at $5.00, and all residents may angle without permit or charge, except on such territories as are legally prohibited. For the waters of Lake Nipigon and Nipigon River a special permit is required by both residents and non-residents. The fees collected for angling permits for the year amounted to $63,132.00, as compared with 856,565.00 for the previous year. The reports received from issuers of permits and from anglers throughout the province show that game fish of all kinds are plentiful and no doubt due credit must be given to the distribution of fry and fingerlings by the provincial hatcheries for the past few years. Hatcheries. Since the year 1918, the Department has completed, equipped and main- tained three large and modern hatcheries for the propagation of both commercial and game fish, with the result that the distribution of fry and fingerlings has correspondingly increased and the public waters are now showing the benefits of these expenditures with gratification to the anglers as well as those who are catering to the transportation and other needs of the tourist trade. In order that this work may be further extended, a most suitable site for a large hatchery has been secured in the eastern part of the Province near the town of Picton, in Prince Edward county. . The property includes what is known as the "Lake-on- the-Mountain," which provides an ample and admirable water supply by gravity. This hatchery will fill a long felt need for the supply of game fish throughout the eastern part of the Province at the least possible transportation costs. A detailed report of the waters stocked will be shown elsewhere in this report, and the summary which is here shown can be considered very satisfactory, as compared with the previous year: — Whitefish Fry Pickerel Fry Salmon Trout Fry Steel Head Salmon Fry Herring Fry Rainbow Trout Fry Speckled Trout Fingerlings and Fry Black Bass Fingerlings and Fry Parent Black Bass 1921 1922 115,950,000 189,775,000 27,625,000 43,510,000 110,400 7,815,000 5,300 9,740,000 26,250,000 21,000 1,147,500 2,184,075 773,500 613,500 742 937 155,347,142 270,174,812 The demand for fry and fingerlings increases year by year, and the demand exceeds the available supply in spite of the increased deliveries, which are sum- marized since the year 1912, as follows: — ■ 1912 150,000 1918 58,356,631 1913 173,815 1919 22,361,748 1914 598,630 1920 77,783,360 1915 1,697,425 1921 155,347,142 1916 1,570,450 1922 270,174,812 1917 2,156,928 Game Sanctuaries. During the year an additional area was set aside as a game sanctuary under the authority of an Order-in-Council, and a complete list of all areas set aside by this Department is shown, as follows: — 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES 9 Miner Farm Sanctuary Essex County. Peasemarsh Farm Sanctuary Grey County. Xopiming Game Sanctuary Carleton and Renfrew Counties. Eugenia Fish and Game Preserve Grey County. Peel Game Preserve Peel County. The wild life of the Province of Ontario is considered, and has been definitely determined as one of the most valued assets of the Province, which must be protected , but not, however, to the exclusion of the pleasure of the sportsmen or the out-of-door enthusiast. As the population increases and the advance of civilization encroaches the covers and protective areas of all wild life, a pro- prietorial condition arises, that, of necessity, upsets the balance in nature, and the Department is forced to adopt various measures by which the perpetuity of wild life may be insured. Certain sections of the province with natural cover for fish and game, have, of recent years, been made more accessible to the fisher- men and hunters through the development of the automobile. This fact, together with the increased number of anglers and sportsmen, naturally calls for the establishment of more or less drastic measures and a strict enforcement of the Act, for the perpetuity of wild life, and it is such a condition that necessitates a close or extended close seasons upon our fish, game birds and animals when threatened with extermination, a cutting of bag limits, and the limiting of a season's kill or catch, the establishment and maintenance of Crown Game and Fish preserves, and any other means and methods that would be in the interests of wild-life preservation. Further suitable areas set aside as sanctuaries would be in the best interests of conser\'ation. Some improvement and development work has been carried on at the Eugenia preserve with provisions made for the care of birds, animals and equipment necessary for the display at the Canadian National Exhibition each year, as well as work carried on for the collection of speckled trout spawn and the rearing of English ringnecked pheasants. Approximately 3,000 pheasant eggs were produced, some of which were hatched on the preserve and a number of settings were furnished to sportsmen and farmers in various parts of the Province, with a view of establishing these fine game birds in various sections by what is considered to be the most effective method. Most of the birds reared on the preserve were kept for further propagation work, while a few were allowed full liberty in order that it could be determined whether these birds could be successfully established in most parts of the Province. All pheasant eggs distributed and birds derived therefrom remain the property of the Crown, and are subject to all the provisions of the Act and its regulations. Planting of Wild Rice. During the year a further supply of wild rice was furnished to each district warden, who instructed his overseers in regard to the waters in which same would be sown, and this work, which has been carried on for a number of years, has met with the full support and appreciation of the local game associations. A continuance of this policy would be advisable in view of the success attained and the benefits resulting therefrom. Game. Deer are still reported to be quite plentiful, although any relaxation in the enf(jrcement of the Act or in the present laws would seriously effect the continued supph'. Moose would appear to be less nimierous, and the ninnbcr of moose licenses sold has decreased. 1920 1921 1922 1,988 1,989 1,584 16,943 18,689 20,504 796 950 1,256 10 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 A comparison of the number of deer and moose licenses sold for three years is as follows: — Resident Moose Resident Deer Non-resident Hunting Ruffed Grouse, commonly known as partridge, are reported as being qm'te plentiful in all sections where they are usually found, and large numbers were taken by sportsmen. Quail are still protected by an entire close season, and are reported in fair numbers in the counties of Essex and Kent. Pheasants are still protected by an entire close season, and are reported in fair numbers throughout the Niagara peninsula. Ducks and Geese are still plentiful and the season has been a satisfactory one. Furs. The catch of fur-bearing animals continues to increase owing to the large number of trappers under license, although some varieties of animals are reported as becoming scarcer. Beaver continue to be taken in large numbers, but are reported as becoming scarce. Otter have been taken in approximately the same number, but are reported as becoming scarce. Fisher and Marten are reported as being scarce. Muskrat were taken in approximately the same number as in the year previous. Comparison of Pelts Exported and Tanned for the Years of 1920-1-2. Beaver Otter Fisher Marten Mink Muskrat Bear Fox (Cross) Fox (Red) Fox (Silver or Black) Fox (White) Fox (not specified) Lynx . Raccoon Skunk Weasel \\ olverine 583,843 758,069 947,343 The figures marked with {'') cover a period of only five months of the year 1920. The estimated value to the trapper for the pelts taken in 1922, based on an average of the prices paid for the year, is 84,489,288.79. 1920 1921 1922 96,006 95,479 93,971 4,094 4,759 5,309 4,069 2,602 2,657 6,315 6,533 7,327 33,695 42,667 78,487 434,066 479,866 554,888 409* 1,494 2,137 39* 287 469 231* 5,282 11,272 11* 153 87 351 1,765 240* 23 170 170* 591 836 321* 11,951 20,344 1,082* 47,121 73,219 3,095* 58,898 94,399 12 6 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES 11 Fur-Farmixg. Fur-farming permits were issued for 141 farms, which are stocked with: — Beaver Fisher. . . . Cross Fox . Red Fox. . 4 3 270 206 Silver and Black Fox 1,088 Lvnx 2 Mink. . .. Opossum . Raccoon . Skunk . . . 94 6 50 82 1,805 Enforcement of Act. The enforcement of the Act by the wardens, special patrol ofificers and overseers was carried out generally with efficiency, and in the best interests of conservation. The earnest co-operation of the public and sportsmen is sought to bring about a better understanding in regard to the Department's efforts and to conserve all game and fish. Summary of Convictions, Fines .\nd Confisc.\tions for the Year. Convictions 982 Fines collected S18.340 91 Sale of confiscations 12,907 91 Articles Confiscated. Pelts. Game and Fish. 1.634 Muskrat pelts 4 Live Squirrel 768 Beaver " 2 Live Coon 499 Mink " 319 Partridge 427 Weasel " 103 Ducks 229 Skunk " 18 Rabbits 113 Raccoon " 1 Goose 42 Otter " 1 Pheasant 6 Marten " 2 Quail 1 Lynx " 49 Deer 79 Red Fox " 16 Portions of Deer 5 Cross Fox " 15 Portions of Moose 18 Fisher " 2,100 lbs. Fish 9 Bear " 31 Boxes Fish 8 Wolf 11 Squirrel " 15 Deer Hides 3 Moose Hides 3,867 Total Pelts. Accessories. 144 Gill Nets (pieces) 1 Durant Motor Car 63,300 Yards Gill Net 1 Chevrolet Motor Car 46 Hoop Nets 1 Ford Motor Car 8 Dip Nets 1 Ford Truck 8 Seine Nets cSO Shotguns 1 Pound Nets 102 Rirtes 25 Spears 6 Revolvers 120 Night Lines, etc. 679 Steel Traps 52 Fishing Poles, Reels, etc. 3 Trunks 8 Jack Lights 6 Suitcases 3 Tugs 2 Hand Axes 2 Motor Boats 2 Hunting Knives 1 Skiff 1 Blanket 7 Canoes 1 ( iround Sheet 14 Rowboats 2 Rolls Chicken Wire 70 Decoy Ducks All confiscations are sold at ad\ertised sales by tender, other than such articles as are sold by the Department to the former owner, when circumstances warrant. 12 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 Acknowledgment. In closing this report, I desire to state that the Department has received willing support and co-operation from the Federal Government, railway officials, and from the members of all fish and game protective associations who are striving to assist in conserving the fish and game of the Province. I wish also to express my due appreciation of the loyal support given by the staff of both the inside and outside service, and to whom a fair share of the credit must be given for any success that has been attained by the Department. All statistics referred to will be found elsewhere in this report, together with many other statistics in detail. All of which is respectfully submitted. I am, Your obedient servant, (Sgd.) D. McDonald, Deputy Minister of Game and Fisheries. 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES 13 STATEMENT OF REVENUE RECEIVED BY GAME AND FISHERIES DEPARTMENT, NOVEMBER 1st, 1921, TO OCTOBER 31st, 1922. GAME Royalty on Furs $89, 1 15 96 Indian Coupons 65,954 00 Trapper's Coupons 64.665 00 Trapper's Licenses 71,833 25 Non-Resident Hunting Licenses 31,400 00 Resident Deer Licenses 61,651 00 Resident Moose Licenses 7,920 00 Pur Dealer's Licenses 77,862 00 Fur Farmer's Permits 675 25 Tanner's Licenses 280 00 Game Dealer's Licenses 677 00 Hotel and Restaurant Licenses 329 00 Cold Storage Licenses 155 00 Guide's Licenses 2,160 00 Fines— Game 16,154 98 Sales — Game 8,587 33 $499,419 77 FISHERIES Fishing Licenses $130,844 00 Royalty— Fish 34,445 44 Angling Permits 63,132 00 Fines— Fish 2,185 93 Sales— Fish 4,320 58 Miscellaneous 3,171 93 $238,099 88 SALES BRANCH Sale of Fish, etc . Total . . $ 24,825 39 $762,345 04 THE REPORT UPON Portion of Exhibit at C. X. E., Toronto. 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES 15 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1922 Black Bass Fry and Fingerlings Waters County or District Quantity Varty Lake Addington 5,000 Beaver Lake " 5,000 Deer Lake " ■ 2,500 Scoot River " 2,500 Lake Deborne Algoma 2,500 Blue Lake Brant 5,000 Fairchild's Creek " 10,000 Lake Chesley Bruce 4,000 Gould Lake '. " 8,000 Funton Mill Dam " 2,500 Pearl Lake " 4^000 Sauble River " 4^000 Saugeen River " 10,000 Lake Deschene Carleton . 4,000 Scugog Lake Durham 5,000 Grand River Dufferin 5,000 Cole's Lake Frontenac 5,000 Eagle Lake " 5,000 Loborough Lake " 5,000 Big Clear Lake " 5^000 Wickware Lake " 2,500 Drysdale's Lake " 5^000 Antoine Lake " 5,000 Collin's Lake " 5,000 Mountain Lake Grey 2,500 Irish Lake " 2^500 Lake St. Frances ■ ■ • • ■ Glengarry 5,000 Maitland River Huron 2,500 Cocklong Lake Haliburton 2,500 Gull Lake " 4,000 Barnam Lake " 2,500 Miserable Lake " 2^500 Kuskog Lakes " 2,500 Beach Lake " 2^500 Grass Lake " 2,500 Grace Lake " 5,000 Yankton Lake " 2,500 Round Lake " 4^000 Lake Medad Halton 5,000 Stoco Lake Hastings 5,000 . Eagle Lake " 4,000 < Twin Lake " 2,500 • Crow Lake " 2,500 Moira River " 5,000 Burnt Lake " 5*000 Rosses Lake " 5,000 Grand River Haldimand 9,000 Rondeau Bay Kent 4,000 Mississippi Lake Lanark 5,000 Otty Lake " 5,000 Mississippi River " 2,500 Robertson's Lake " 5,000 Rideau Lakes Leeds 2,500 Charleston Lake " 5,000 Sand Lake " 5^000 Indian Lake " 2,500 Newboro Lake " 2,500 Clear Lake " 2^500 Gananor|uc Lake " 5,000 Upper Be\erly Lake " 5,000 Sixteen .Mile Creek Lincoln ' 5,000 Lake Gibson " 2,000 Pond Mills Middlesex 5,000 Bear Creek " 4,000 Foster Lake " 5,000 THE REPORT UPON ^o- ^ WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1922- Continued ■ Black Bass Fry and Fingeriings Waters County or District Quantity , ^ . . Middlesex *>^^^ Dingman s Creek Muskoka 5,000 Lake of Bays • « 2,000 Lake Vernon a 2,000 Fairy Lake « ' 5,000 Peninsular Lake « 5,000 Oxtongue Lake « . . 5,000 Severn River « ' ' ' 5,000 Sparrow Lake « _ . 2,500 Clearwater Lake „ 5,000 Long Lake « 4,500 Buck Lake « 2,000 Near Cut « 2,500 Stewart Lake „ 2,500 Estella Lake ^- • ■ ;, M;,^;«c;no- ... 2,500 Cache Lake "Algonquin Park" Nipissing 2,500 Henry Lake "Algonquin Park ,^ 5 000 Hill's Lake a 5,000 George Lake « 5,000 McLaughlin Lake „ 2,500 Beaver Lake « . 2,500 Wasa Lajce..^^ ■••••• ■Northumberland: : '. '. '. 4.000 Presque Isle Bay « 5,000 Trent River ■ « ■■''.'.'.'..... 5,000 Cranache's Lake « " ' ' 5,000 Little Lake of Cramahe n.-f^rrl 4,000 Cedar Creek uxiorci 2, 500 Mill Pond a '""..'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 5,000 Lisgar Lake « 2,500 Thames River and tributaries ^-^-^ ; ; ; ; ; ' ; ' ; ' 4,000 Harris Lake •' « 5,000 Whitefish Lake « 2,500 Mill Lake « 2,000 Magnetawan River „ 5,000 Ahniic Lake « 2,500 Bear Lake « 2,500 Loon Lake « . 2,000 Maple Lake « 2,500 Pickerel Lake « 2,500 Cecebe Lake « 2,500 Trout Lake a 2,000 Duck Lake « 2,000 Marsh Lake « 2,500 Doe Lake « 2,500 Ruthe Lake « 2,500 Blackstone Lake • ■ .^^^ Edward'.: : : : 5 000 West Lake « 5,000 East Lake p^^l .... 5,000 Parson's Dam ■••■•• ' p,t,rborough 2 500 Deer Lake « ... 5,000 Stoney Lake « . 5,000 Clear Lake « '::::: 2,500 Lovesick Lake « 5,000 Gannon's Narrows R^r,frf>w 5,000 Muskrat Lake Kenirex^ ^ ^^^ Barry's Bay « ■' ' 5,000 Kemiskeg Lakes Qimrne ^'500 Severn River bimcoe ^ q^q Bass Lake „ . 5,000 Little Lake « . . 7,500 LakeSemple „ .. 5,000 o^'^Lake-i; ::::sudburv.v.::::::::::::...- 2,000 Ramsay Lake « - 2,000 Bushy Lake « 2,000 Red Pine Lake « "'::::'.:::: 5,000 Apsey Lake 1923 GAME Ax\D FISHERIES 1_7 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1922— Continued Black Bass Fry and Fingerlings Waters County or District Quantity Bass Lake Sudbury 2,500 Lee's Lake " 2,500 Chapleau Lake " 2,500 Cranberry Lake " 4,000 Twin Lakes Timiskaming 5,000 Lake Sesekinika " 5,000 Big Water Lake " 5,000 Sturgeon Lake Victoria 5,000 Cameron Lake " 5,000 Balsam Lake " 5,000 Waterloo Dam Waterloo 2,500 Grand River " 10,000 Paradise Lake " 4,000 New Dundas Dam " 5,000 Wellesley Dam " 2,500 Hamilton Bay Wentworth 5,000 Dundas Waterworks Dam ; " 2,500 Puslinch Lake Wellington 5,000 Speed River " 5,000 Grenadier Pond York 2,500 Water Fowl Pond, "Centre Island," Toronto " 2,500 Lake Simcoe " 5,000 Total 613,500 Parent Bass Waters County or District Quantity Achigan Lake Algoma 185 Squaw Lake Kenora 252 Second Lake " 250 Masev Lake Thunder Bav 125 Rogers Lake " " ' 125 Total 937 Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings W^aters Count}- or District Quantity Trout Lake Algoma 10,000 Green Lake " 5 ,000 Johnson Lake " 5,000 kerrs Lake " 5,000 Mud Lake " 5,000 Clear Lake " 5,000 Moose Lake " 5,000 Basswood Lake " 5,000 Agaw I River " 5,000 Mongoose Lake " 10, 000 Spruce Lake " 10,000 Loon Lake " 5,000 Pine Lake " 5,000 Hobon Lake " 10,000 Herman Lake " 5,000 Hawk Lake " 5.000 South Chippewa River , " 10,000 Sand Lake " 20,000 Speckled Trout Brook " 10, 000 Peak Lake " 5,000 Emerald Lake " 5,000 Round Lake " 5,000 Lake No. 1 " 5,000 Lake Elizabeth " 5,000 Lake Maud " 5,000 Silver Creek " 5,000 TH^R^PORTJJPON WATERS STOCKED WITH QUAX ;TITIES and KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN ml-ConUnuei speckled Trout Tiy and Fingerlings Wate/ count, o.D-,s„la Q-nt.y Algoma 10,000 Koshawang River « 10 000 Richardson's Creek. « 15,000 Harmony Spring Creek « ^ ^^^ Beryl Lake. .. ; " ^'qqq McCarroU's Lake « ^ qOQ Cloudy Lake " lo'oOO Dvment Lake « 10,000 Stoney Creek " 500 Carp Creek.. « 10,000 Blueberry Lake . Brant 10,000 Whiteman's Creek. . u 10,000 German's Spring Creek « 10 000 Switzer's Creek « ^|qqO Spring Creek. « 1000 Fairchilds Creek « 2,000 Barker's Creek Bruce 9,000 Gibson's Creek « 5 OOO Spring Creeks. « 5 000 Thomson's Creek « 5 OQO Monkman's Creek « and Grey -■ 10,000 Sullivan Creek. « lo',000 Rathwell's Spring. . " 10,000 Elderslie Snake Creek «• 10,000 Hammond Creek « 10,000 Underwood Creek « 10,000 Wolf Creek. •.•■•••■ " 1,000 Barber's Spring Creek « \Ofi(iO Black Snake Creek « ^0,000 Stoney SpringCreek. .^. ...•••■■■•••■• « 5 Ooo Creeks on Lot 20, Con. / , 8, 9 and lU Dufferin 5000 Grand River.... .. .•■••■.•• " 2,500 Credit River and tributaries « 2 500 Hill Creek ■■■■;. " 2o',000 Curtis Creek Durham • ■ ' 10,000 Tvrone Creek . « 10,000 Wilmot's Creek " 5000 Courtice Creek. .... • " 5OOO Mount Pleasant Creek « 20 000 For Hope Creek « li)'000 Happv Valley Stream « ^0 000 Braggs Creek " 10,000 Havdon Stream " • ■ ■ 5 OOO Cotton Creek « 5 000 Smith's Creek « lO 000 Devitt's Creek " 5 OQO Spring Creek. . " lo'oOO Galbraith's Creek " 5^000 Ganeraska . . " 5*000 Pigeon Creek. .. " 5 OQO Mountjoy's Creek Frontenac 5 oOO Cole Creek ^- • • « lo'.OOO Judge's Spring Creek « ^ qqO Trout Lake Creek ■ « 4l',000 Fall River ; ■ • V ; ' -■ ' . Grey lo'oOO Saugeen River and tributaries „> ^^.^^^ Rocky Saugeen. . .... ••.■••;• p ' 1 ',- " lo'oOO Sydenham River, ''Harrison s Park , 1U,U^^ Holstein Mill Pond « lo'oOO Indian River « lo'oOO Silver Creek. ^ •.• • • ■ • ■ ■ « 5'ooo Spring Creek (near Pnceville) « ^-^J^^ Petty's Creek " 5'ooo Varney Creek « Ciordon's Creek 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES 19 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN \9n~Continued Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings Waters County or District Quantity Eugenia Crown Game and Fish Preserve Grey 122 000 Stoney Creek " 10]000 Gowin Creek " 10,000 Beatty Saugeen River " 10]000 Little Saugeen " 1 [oOO McCallum's Creek Huron 5,000 Silver Creek " 10,000 Sharp's Creek " 11,000 Somerville Creek " 5,000 Belgrave Creek " 5,000 Farquar Lake Haliburton 10,000 Twelve Mile Creek Halton 10^000 Creek near Acton " 5,000 Squire's Creek Hastings 15,000 Rawdon Creek " 10,000 Egan Creek " 5*000 Spring Creek " 10,000 Lett's Creek " 10,000 Mason Creek " 10,000 Mississippi River Lanark 5,000 Dunn's Creek. . . -. Leeds 1,000 Currie's Pond Middlesex 10,000 Douty Creek " 10,000 McFarland Spring Creek " 5,'000 Blue Jay. . ]\Ianitoulin 20.000 ^Slanitou River " 20,000 Norton's Creek. ......... ^ " 20,000 ^lills Creek , , " 5^000 Spring Creek " 5^000 Fry's Lake Muskoka 10,000 Doty's Lake " 5,000 White Lake " 5,000 Patterson's Creek Norfolk 10^000 Kent Creek " 10,000 Crane Creek " 2^000 Young's Creek " 20|000 Winter's Creek " 1 o|oOO McMichael's Spring Creek " 5000 Hay Creek , " lo',000 River Lynn " 5 000 Coal Creek Northumberland 10,000 Spring Valley Pond " 1 1 qOO Break-a-way Creek " 10,000 Baltimore Creek " 5 OOO Miller's Creek " 5,000 Little Cole Creek " 10,000 Proctor's Creek " lo|oOO Owen's Creek " ... 3,000 Stoney Creek " ... 5000 Cedar Creek " . . 5^000 Tweedles Creek " . . 3 qoO Scriver's Creek " 2000 Madison's Creek " 2^000 Jackson's Creek " 10 000 Black's Creek " 10]000 Gunter's Creek " 1 'ooO Cole Creek " 20'000 Piper Creek " 10^000 Salern Canning Company's Creek " 10,000 Bellamy's Creek " Io|o00 Burnley Stream " 5,000 Spring Creeks Ontario ] o|oOO Black Creek Pond " 10000 Creek fed by springs in vicinity of Uxbridge " IJOOO Cold Springs Creek Oxford 10^000 20 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1922— Continued Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings Water County or District Quantity Ball Creek Oxford 5,000 Venison Creek " ■^'i~;^ Clear Lake " 5,000 Three-Mile Lake Parry Sound 5,000 Distress Creek " " ^000 Depot Creek " " ^-OCO Beggs Creek " " 5,000 Round Lake Creek " " ^f-000 Trout Creek Prince Edward 10,000 Ouse Creek Peterborough 10,000 Plot'sCreek ;; 0,000 Cook's Creek " 10-000 Sedgrick's Creek " 0,000 Buchanan's Creek " 0,000 Jack's Lake " ••••■ 0,00?. Little Ouse " 10,000 Moffatt Stream Peel 2,000 Fountain at Listowel Perth .(.nc,. Coldwater River Simcoe - V^^!: Vent's Creek " ^-000 McDonald's Creek " -5,000 Sturgeon River ;; ... 10,000 Mad Creek " and Grey 5,000 NoisvCreek " " " ^.000 Prett'y Rivers " " " 5,00 Avon Creek " 0,000 Taffv Creek " 0.000 Moon Creek " 10-000 Silver Creek " and Grey 5,000 Clear Lake Sudbury A^OU Crabb Lake " 2,^00 Hanmer Creek " 0,000 Massay Creek Trout Creek Lost Lake, Allen Lake Thunder Bay Lake Wideman Loon Lake Deception Lake 10,000 Norman Geneva Creek " lO-JjOO onoping River:: :;:::: - 10,000 5,000 10,000 McKenzie River ::::::: : " " ' 10.000 Lower Twin Lake:::::::::: " " lo.opo 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 >7,500 5,000 Corbett's Creek: ::.:.... ^ I) }0,000 Slate River " " Pme River ^ Cedar Creek SK^^fi^r:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: " - :::::::::::::: 10,000 Brulu Creek " " 0,000 Steel River " " 10-000 ^T- - T-1 • a « 97 SOU Nipigon River ^'-^^^ Duck Lake " " 5,000 Charlotte Lake " " 5,000 Big Duck Lake " " 5,000 Whitefish River " " 0,000 Stewart Lake " " 0,000 Fraser Creek " " 0,000 Gravel River " " 10-000 Spring Creek " " 5,000 Gravel Lake " " ^-000 Castle Lake " " 5,000 Clearwater Lake " " 5,000 10,000 Bukiii^;.::: ::::::::::::::::::: - - 5,000 Sprint Creek Timiskaming lO.UUU 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES 21 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUAXTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN \922~Continued Speckled Trout Fry and Fifigerlings Water County or District Dixon Creek Timiskaming Latour " Martin's Spring Creek Victoria Mill Creek Waterloo , Reist's Creek " Groff's Creek " IMcNallv's Creek " . . , Alder Creek " Jantze's Creek " Cedar Creek * " Boschardt Creek " Cressman Creek " Gingerich Creek " Bomberg Creek " Brubacher's Creek " Sunfish Creek " Millgrave Creek Wentworth Grindstone Creek " Beverley Creek " Streams in Township of Flamboro " Dundas Creek " Rathsay Creek Wellington Branch of Maitland River " Credit River " Pelham Spring Creek Welland Spring Creek York Total. Quantity 20,000 20,000 5,000 20,000 2,000 2,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 11,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 2,000 20,000 10,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 10,000 1,000 10,000 10,000 1,000 2,184,075 Salmon Trout Fry and Fingerlings Waters County or District Long Lake Algoma . Lake Superior North Channel Lake LaCloche Mud Lake Clear Lake Moose Lake Lake Elizabeth Lake Maud McCarroll's Lake Cloudy Lake Dyment Lake Little Trout Lake Desbarats Lake Matintinde Lake Mitchell Lake Island Lake Lake Louzon Chiblaw Lake Nettleton Lake Heyden Lake Rock Lake Root River Lonely Lake Lake Ann Haynes Lake Canoe Lake Sand Lake Cooley Pond Brant Gould Lake Frontenac . Eagle Lake " Trout Lake " Quan 45, 610, 2,000, 20, 10, 30, 10 20 20 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 45 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 10 10 10 20 10 15 25 25 tity ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 000 ,000 ,000 ,000 000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 000 000 000 ,000 ,000 ,000 THE REPORT_UPON^ WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN m2-Co„Hn«, Salmon Trout Fry and Fingerhngs Country or District 0"^"^^ Waters ,-u\ ^ 10,000 Haliburton 20 000 Drag Lake " lo'.OOO Blue Hawk Lake " 10 000 Gull Lake. ■ " lo'.OOO Hurricane Lake jq qqq Delfiece Lake.. . ■■ • Hastings IS'OOO Westlenikoon Lake « IS'OOO Horseshoe Lake ; " ^ ^'qqq Eagle Lake ' ; " fs'ooo Salmon Lake 15,000 Dickie's Lake " 15,000 Jamerson Lake ' • " " lo',000 Gull Lake " 100,000 Bass Lake Kenora 50,000 Mannitaki Lake .• « 100,000 Armstrong Lake " 100,000 AgenakLake « 10,000 Pelican Lake Lanark 10,000 Silver Lake ; " 5o',000 Pike Lake Leeds 50 OOO Charleston Lake .• • « 15',000 Rideau Lakes « 5 qqq Red Horse Lake « 5 qqq Loyada Lake . . ■ • • • " 60,000 Temperance Lake Muskoka ^q qqq Lake of Bays « lo',000 Lake Vernon " 10,000 Fairy Lake .. " • 10,000 Mary Lake. ... •• " 10,000 Peninsular Lake " 10,000 Oxtongue Lake " 10,000 Bass Lake " 10,000 Tooke's Lake " 10,000 Pine Lake " 50,000 Fox Lake ■ • •. • V,; V ., Nipissmg 20,000 Cache Lake, "Algonqum Park « ^^-^^^ Four Mile Lake « 10,000 Trout Lake " 100,000 Clear Lake ... -Ip;,;!.'' " 100,000 Rainy Lake, "Algonqum Jark « ^^^.^^^ Brule Lake, _, ^, " 100,000 Canoe Lake _^ ,, " 50,000 Joe Lake, „ „ " 20,000 Source Lake, " " • 10,000 Beaver Lake Parry Sound 10,000 Whitefish Lake " " 10,000 Magnetawan River " « 20,000 Shanty Lake " " 10,000 Horseshoe Lake « " 10,000 Sand Lake " " 10,000 Home Lake " " • • • 10,000 Rock Lake ' .... " " 10,000 Braye Lake " " 10,000 Eagle Lake .... " " 10,000 Lake Bernard .... « " 5,000 Trout Lake Peterborough 5 qOQ Stoney Lake " 10,000 Clear Lake .... " 10,000 Catchacoma Lake " 50,000 Gull Lake ... Rainy River 50,000 Elbow Lake " " 100,000 BarilLake ■ ... " " 50,000 Rainy Lake - • ■ - " " 20,000 Mink Lake • •••••• • • • • ' Renfrew 20,000 Mink Lake • .••••.••••■■•■•••■ " Muskrat Lake ■ ■ 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES 23 WATERS STOCKED WITH OUAXTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IX \921~Continned Salmon Trout Fry and Fingerlings W'aters County or District Barry's Bay Renfrew Kemiskeg Lakes " Lake Simcoe ; Simcoe Hardwood Lake Sudbury Ella Lake " Trout Lake " Ramsav Lake " Bushv Lake " Red Pine Lake " East Fox Lake " Lake Nipigon Thunder Bay . . , Kashabowie Lake " " . . . Lake Shebandawan " " . . . Long Lake '. . " " . . . Little Long Lake " " ... Arrow Lake " " ... Lake Hellen . : " " . . . Windigo Lake " " . . . Hazel Lake " " ... Lake Sesekinika Timiskaming. . . Wealthy Lakes. Lake Timiskaming • " . . . , Anima Xipissing Lake . " . . . . Little Trout Lake " Golden Lake " . • . . Total. Pickerel Waters County or District Varty Lake Addington Xapanee River " Sheldrake Lake " Loon Lake " Beaver Lake " Peters Pond " Pearl Lake Brant Grand River " Lake Chesley Bruce Rice Lake Durham Lake Ontario " Loborough Lake Frontenac Sydenham Lake " Chippego Lake " ■. Fish Lake " Devil Lake " Big Clear Lake " Salt Lake " Wickware Lake " Drvsdale's Lake " Stony Lake " Knolton Lake " Fifth Depot Lake " Buck Lake " Wolf Lake " Lake St. Frances Glengarry Cocklong Lake Halil)urton Lake Ontario ■. .Halton Stoco Lake v Hastings Twin Lake " ■.:... Crow Lake " Oak Hill Lake " Moira River " Beaver Creek " Quantity 5,000 5,000 1,000,000 30,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 20,000 20,000 5,000 810,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 50,000 100,000 200,000 50,000 5,000 20,000 30,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 7,815.000 Quantity 15,000\ 50,000^ 50,000 50,000 100,000 100,000 50,0C0 500,000 50,000 400,000 1,000,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 100,000 100,000 100, 000 100, 000 100,000 100,000 2,000,000 100,000 25,000 50,000 100,000 100,000 25,000 24 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1922— Continued Pickerel Waters County or District Quantity Burnt Lake Hastings 100,000 Grand River Haldimand 250,000 Thames River Kent 200,000 Christie Lake Lanark 50,000 Mississippi River " 100,000 Robertson's Lake " 100,000 Patterson Lake " 50,000 Charleston Lake ". .Leeds 350,000 Rideau Lakes " 100,000 KiUenback Lake " 100,000 Higley Lake " 100,000 Bass Lake " 10,000 Lower Beverly Lake " 100,000 Little Lake " 150,000 Indian Lake " 100,000 Lake Ontario Lincoln 100,000 Lake Joseph Muskoka 1 ,000,000 Lake of Bays " 500,000 Wood Lake " 50,000 Prospect Lake " 50,000 Lake Rosseau " 1,000,000 Lake Muskoka " 1 ,000,000 Sparrow LaKe ■ " 1,000,000 Long Lake " 50,000 Axe Lake " 50,000 Buck Lake " 100,000 WatagonLake " 100,000 Maenhood Lake " 100,000 Toronto Lake No. 1 " 50,000 Toronto Lake No. 2 " 50,000 Leach Lake " 50,000 Cache Lake, "Algonquin Park" Nipissing 50,000 Lake Erie Norfolk 23,000,000 Crow Bay " 50,000 Trent River Northumberland 50,000 Cold Creek " 100,000 Lake Ontario Ontario 1,000,000 Mill Pond Oxford 50,000 Harris Lake Parry Sound 50,000 Magnetawan River " " 50,000 AhmicLake " " 50,000 Commenda Lake " " 50,000 Maple Lake " " 50,000 Star Lake " " 50,000 Pickerel Lake " " 50,000 CecebeLake " " 50,000 Indian River Peterborough 100,000 Pigeon Lake " 200,000 BuckhornLake " 200,000 StoneyLake .....,..., " 400,000 Oak Lake " 50,000 Lake Ontario Peel 1,000,000 Lake Dore Renfrew 50,000 Muskrat Lake " 50,000 Chain Lake " 50,000 Barry's Bay " 25,000 Kemiskeg Lakes " 25,000 Golden Lake " 50,000 White Lake " 50,000 Lake Couchiching Simcoe 500,000 Lake Simcoe " 500,000 Bushy Lake Sudbury 50,000 Red Pine Lake " 50,000 Twin Lake " 50,000 French River " 50,000 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES 25 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN l922^Continued Pickerel Waters County or District Apsey Lake Sudbury. . Anima Nipissing Lake Temiskaming Sturgeon Lake Victoria Balsam Lake " Mud Lake " Waterloo Dam Waterloo Grand River " Lake Ontario Wentworth Hamilton Bay " Puslinch Lake Wellington Gibson Lake Welland Total. Total. Total O 1, uantity 50,000 100,000 200,000 200,000 100,000 50,000 100,000 000,000 100,000 100,000 50,000 IVhitefish Waters County or District Lake Superior Algoma North Channel " Lake Ontario Durham Lake Ontario Halton Lake Wabigoon Kenora Eagle Lake '. " Lake Ontario Lincoln Lake Erie Norfolk Lake Ontario Northumberland . . Lake Ontario Ontario Lake Ontario Peel Elbow Lake Rainy River Rainy Lake " " Little Turtle Lake " " Mink Lake " " Lake Nipigon Thunder Bay Kashabowie Lake " " Lake Shebandawan " " Long Lake " Whitefish Lake " "^ Little Long Lake " " Arrow Lake ! " ' Lake Hellen " " Windigo Lake " ' .... Lake Ontario Wentworth Herring Waters County or District Lake Erie Norfolk Lake Ontario Durham Lake Ontario Halton Lake Ontario Wentworth Rainbow Trout Waters County or District Sault Ste. Marie Rapids Algoma Colpoy's Creek Bruce Eagle Lake Frontenac .* Glecian River (jrey Trout Lake Parry Sound Sturgeon Lake Victoria Lake Simcoe Simcoe Riverdalc Park, Toronto ^■ork 43,510,000 Quantitv 46,275,000 24,000,000 2,000,000 4,000,000 ■ 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 74,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 500,000 2,000,000 500,000 500,000 10,000,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 500,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 500,000 4,000,000 189,775,000 Quantity 18,250,000 2,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 26,250,000 )uantitv 14,550 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,200 250 Total. 21.000 26 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1922— Continued Steel Head Salmon Waters County or District Quantity Lake Simcoe Simcoe 5,300 SUMMARY Black Bass Fry and Fingerlings 613,500 Parent Black Bass 937 Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings 2,134,075 Salmon Trout Fry and Fingerlings 7,815,000 Pickerel .' 43,510,000 Whitefish 189,775,000 Herring 26,250,000 Rainbow Trout 21,000 Steel Head Salmon 5,300 Total distribution 270,174,812 COMPARATI\'E STATEMENT OF DISTRIBUTION 1921 1922 Black Bass Fry and Fingerlings Parent Black Bass Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings .••••■.. Salmon Trout Fry and Fingerlings Pickerel Whitefish ' ' Herring Rainbow Trout Steel Head Salmon 773,500 742 1,147,500 110,400 27,625,000 115,950,000 9,740,000 613,500 937 2,184,075 7,815,000 43,510,000 189,775,000 26,250,000 21,000 5,300 155,347,142 270,174,812 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES 27 28 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 OXTARIO Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, the industry during the \ear 1922, in the Public Districts Fishing material Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Gill-Nets No. Ton- nage Value Men No. Value Men No. Value Men Yards Value 1 9 Kenora and Rainy River. Lake of the Woods 4 75 11,200 9 45 29 2 4 2 2 4 10 8 1 S 17,425 11,650 1,200 2,650 500 450 1,500 3,950 4,800 250 57 45 2 7 4 1 6 12 18 1 48 22 9 2 2 4 2 4 4 3 $ 3,548 970 525 80 70 180 226 115 115 125 19 10 17 5 5 8 2 2 3 4 78,361 43,210 20,000 15,500 11,000 6,127 13,100 15,700 29,150 5,000 S 11,785 7,888 3 Namicon, Despair, Jack Fish, Clearwater, Loon and 4,150 4 5 V'ista, Six Mile, Kairston, Yoke and Shoal Lakes . . . Little Turtle, Pickerel, Trout, White Otter, Elbow and 1 13 1,200 2 2,490 1,688 6 Basket, Indian, Skikog, Sturgeon, McKenzie and 994 7 Vermilion, Manitakie, Sandy, 2,425 8 Manitou, Gull, Eagle, Obabicon and Wabigoon 3,098 9 Rock, Deer, One Man, and 2 27 8,000 5 3,660 10 Perrault, Keyes, Shoal, Win- nange and Black Sturgeon 1,200 Totals 7 115 20,400 16 107 44,375 153 100 5,954 75 237,148 39,378 Return of the kinds, quantities and values of fish caught Districts Si X 'B'i X 1^ 3 S It .a s - i) ■^ o 1 Kenora and Rainy River Lake of the Woods lbs. lbs. lbs. Ibs. 116,855 66,126 32,628 76,990 8,499 20,025 41,094 47,237 177,276 3,519 lbs. Ibs. 12,431 145 23,581 6,988 10,599 5,104 14,686 8,351 203 5,695 lbs. 202,105 157,898 24,474 13,205 9,500 7,706 17,987 26,190 28,910 385 lbs. 466,521 ?. 154,836 3 Namicon, Despair, Jack Fish, Clearwater, Loon, and Pipestone Lakes. . . 31,977 4 Vista, Six Mile, Kairston, 92,233 5 Little Turtle, Pickerel, Trout, White Otter, Elbow, and Nora Lakes. Basket. Indian, Skikog. Sturgeon, McKenzie, and Stanghikina Lakes . 17,374 6 18,049 7 Vermilion, Manitakie, Sandy, Feegan and Lost 45,192 8 Manitou, Gull, Eagle. Obabicon and Wabi- 56,246 9 Rock, Deer, One Man, and 159,116 10 Perrault, Keyes, Shoal, Winnange and Black 57 Totals 590,249 87,783 488,360 1,041,601 Values S c. S c. c. S c. 70,829 88 $ c. S c. 9,656 13 S c. 24,418 00 S c. 145,824 14 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES 29 FISHERIES. quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures emplo\ed in the fishing Waters of Kenora and Rainv River Districts. Fishing material Other fixtures used in fishing. Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No Value $ 32 22 5 S 8,000 ■ 8,800 1,000 46 $ 1,442 $ $ S 36 22 1 3 3 3 7 9 13 1 $ 11.045 5,075 150 2,200 450 300 1,300 1,700 5,100 50 34 5 S 7 890 67S 3 2 7 4 8 10 1 4S0 ' IJO 170 no ! ?^0 2 1,000 1 4'S 45 61 18,800 46 1,442 98 27,370 74 12,255 during the year 1922, in the Public Waters of Kenora and Rain>- River Districts. s o 55 1 '•J o a. o "5 o. a U •3 j:: ii £ •- S S8 o '> O "a > lbs. 1,051 lbs. lbs. 245 14.527 lbs. 43,722 77,402 3,860 lbs. lbs. lbs. 78.090 53,198 1,051 11,139 4,800 lbs. 12 15 N •. lbs. S c. 96 476 98 741 2,640 1,800 1 snn 44,688 71 1,092 17 901 15 ! 24.025 91 485 448 213 9 5 49 ' 6 3 145 4.500 848 84 5 883 85 13 997 97 15 813 39 800 236 100 45,154 83 1,075 96 4,169 15,220 130,774 2,640 148,514 136 3,600 $ c. 1,375 77 $ c. $ c. 761 00 $ c. 6,538 70 $ c. S c. 105 60 $ c. 5,940 56 S c. 217 60 $ S c. 144 00 S c. 265,811 38 30 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 ONTARIO Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, fishing industry during the year 1922, in Districts Fishing material Tugs Gasoline Lau nches Sail or Row Boats - Gill-Nets No. Ton- nage Value Men No. Value Men. No. Value Men Yards Value 1 Lake Superior Pigeon River to Sturgeon Point and Wliitefish Lake Tliunder Bay Black Bay, Point Magnet, Welcome Islands Crayfish, Arrow, North $ 2 6 9 300 2,350 3.675 4 12 19 13 9 5 4 5 5 3 2 13 9 S 670 640 360 110 395 600 140 100 1,515 1,380 23 14 6 4 5 6 5 21 16 10,340 203,900 50,700 2,600 100,400 58,250 6,450 97,000 153,400 27,160 s 1,635 2 3 4 5 1 138 42 13,000 6,500 45 4 14,189 4,887 350 5 6 7 Rossport, Wilson, Evelyn, Lamb and Shaganash Is- lands Jack Fish and Port Caldwell Beatty, Partridge, Eskag- anaga and Wawong 3 1 43 44 9,000 5,000 6 5 12 2 1 5 4 9 4,650 475 250 9,400 2,675 5,050 12 2 3 12 9 21 10.695 7,000 90S 8 7 2 2 164 65 40 28,000 9,500 10,000 44 14 8 11,750 9 10 Michipicoten to Copper- mine Pts. and Oba Lake. . Batchawana to Gros Cap. . . Totals 21,940 2,117 21 536 81,000 126 50 28,825 94 68 5.910 100 710,200 75,468 Return of the kinds, quantities and values of fish caught Districts |1 X ■0 '0 ?1 .y £ Pickerel, or Dore 1 Lake Superior. Pigeon River to Sturgeon Pt. and Whitefish Lake lbs. lbs. 1,000 518,770 52,265 lbs. 100 lbs. 24,495 45,619 43,908 2,609 44,747 10,795 10,626 897,500 55,652 62,149 lbs. 6.2.35 1,020 68 2,150 200 850 1,200 lbs. 20,000 290,981 51,395 1,771 393,614 232,883 6,802 389,035 376,257 109,583 lbs. 540 696 4,316 1,075 4,204 lbs. 2 3 Thunder Bay Black Bay. Point Magnet and Welcome Islands. Crayfish, Arrow, North, 27,500 6,332 50,251 4 5 Rossport, Wilson, Evelyn, Lamb and Shaganash 100 17,468 6 Jackfish and Port Caldwell Beatty, Partridge, Wa- wong, and Eskaganaga 4,024 7 740 5,326 8,265 3,896 1,980 8,509 8 62,440 9 Michipicoten to Copper- mine Points and Oba 1,199 10 4,930 13.969 Totals 27,500 577,065 840 1,198,100 11,723 1,872,321 30,298 164.192 $ c. 1,650 00 $ c. 23,082 60 $ c. 100 80 $ c. 143,772 00 $ c. 1,289 53 $ c. 205,955 31 $ c. 1,514 90 $ c. 22.986 88 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES 31 FISHERIES. the quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures employed in the the Public Waters of Lake Superior. Fishing material Other fixtures used in fishing Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No. Value $ $ $ $ $ $ 1 2 2 4 1 4 3 $ 295 2,100 1,600 1.180 700 2,150 300 S 3 6 1,300 4,100 4 2 1 2 3 1 1,900 600 20 17 7 4,400 1,850 300 800 50 3,000 6,000 500 375 4 5 2,000 2,250 2 3 500 20 9,100 3,625 53 20,750 9,000 875 26 12,575 18 7,795 ■■■■| during the year 1922, in the Public Waters of Lake Superior. c o M 3 U "5 o o i- a "> U c lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. 34,608 3,134 34,055 3,600 1,989 lbs. No. lbs. 200 S c. 7 '84 5 7 61,041 83 21,633 63 7^1 5 78 316 162 2,290 50 51 848 94 2.724 28 396 81 3,080 3 786 40 13,086 163,967 08 48,633 93 25,630 70 1,819 31,087 6,939 4,897 86 23,065 162 78 7.187 113,372 86 250 S c. 7,611 45 S c. S c. 8 10 S c. 3 90 S c. S c. 287 48 S c. 4.534 88 S c. 137 60 S S c. 10 00 $ c. 412,945 43 32 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 ONTARIO Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, fishing industry during the year 1922, in the Districts Fishing material Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Gill-Nets No. Ton- nage Value Men No. Value Men No. Value Men Yards Value 1 Lake Huron (Norlh Channel) Bruce Mines, Lake George, $ 5 12 1 8 $ 1,950 7,400 250 2,500 10 27 2 16 8 16 8 15 3 12 10 1 290 3,320 1.160 1,065 80 760 798 50 13 12 14 16 5 11 14 2 13.700 42.020 11,140 16,100 7,100 9,100 90,700 95,900 S 1.000 2 Thessalon, Cummings Lake, 3.825 3 Algoina Mills, Spragge and Cutler 1.132 4 5 Spanish River and Bay of Islands Bear, Whisky, Pecard and 1 18 7,000 6 2.140 815 6 Little Current, Shiquindah 10 7,600 19 985 7 Kagawong, Gore Bay and 3 4 83 123 19,000 20.000 13 20 10.025 8 Meldrum Bay, Conkburn 4 2,850 8 17.785 Totals 8 224 46.000 39 40 22,550 82 73 7.523 87 285,760 37.707 Return of the kinds, quantities and values of fish caught during Districts it ■0 P 5"-S o oj 1 Lake Huron {North Channel.) Bruce Mines. Lake George lbs. lbs. 310 7,054 2,064 8.188 lbs. 200 750 lbs. 2.937 92.895 2.748 3,942 1.776 60.956 45.415 42,459 lbs. 5,188 450 lbs. 16.433 132,094 11,083 15,110 1.673 35.889 56.224 379.448 lbs. 20,444 8.299 12.580 19.540 2,212 34,446 6,444 193 lbs. 5,727 2 Thessalon. Cummings Lake. Mud and Blind 35,971 3 Algoma Mills. Spragge and Cutler 1.000 1,645 4 Spanish River and Bay of 53,809 5 Bear. Whisky, Pecard and 5,286 6 Little Current. Shiquin- dah Manitowaning Bays Kagawong. Gore Bay, 60,326 7 575 200 1,540 8 Meldrum Bay, Cockburn Island 8 Totals 1.000 18.191 1.150 253,128 5.638 647,954 104,158 164,312 Values $ c. 60 00 $ c. 727 64 $ c. 138 00 $ c. 30.375 36 $ c. 620 18 $ c. 71,274 94 $ c. 5,207 90 S c. 23,003 68 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES 33 FISHERIES. the quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures employed in the Public Waters of Lake Huron (North Channel). Fishing material Other fixtures used in fishing. Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No Value S 6 46 S 1,700 21,810 8 S 605 $ S s 7 7 5 11 $ 895 5,100 875 1,770 3 6 $ 300 6,400 12 1,075 28 10,500 4 2,525 30 9 10 19,700 3,600 10,000 8 4 3 4,400 1,025 775 15 3 3 2,250 3,200 2,000 105 2,050 129 67,310l 20 1,680 2,000 105 45 14,840 34 16,725 the year 1922, in the Public Waters of (North Channel), Lake Huron. c o W J2 O c, U V a U §1 I- a 35 SI'S' o 3 > lbs. 530 lbs. lbs. 2,840 489 1,234 5,378 lbs. lbs. 40 lbs. 5,350 9,793 lbs. 53,766 142,218 33,581 57,295 4.081 58,934 50,770 lbs. No. lbs. $ c. 6 704 79 3,222 37 39 298 82 3,955 69 3,783 532 17 14,830 49 1,411 03 3,264 3,076 6,193 48 44 640 10 25,039 85 2,004 15,296 11 46,845 13 1 1 12,803 19,210 88 16,359 400,645 64 $ c. 4,224 99 $ c. S c. 960 50 $ c. 5 c 6 16 $ c. 654 36 S c. 16,025 80 S 102 c. 40 S S c. S c. 153,381 91 2 G.F. 34 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 ONTARIO Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, fishing industry during the year 1922, Districts Fishing material Tugs Ton- Value nage Gasoline Launches Men No. Value Sail or Row Boats No. Value Gill-Nets Yards Value Georgian Bay Parry Sound Simcoe and Muskoka Grey County Bruce County Manitoulin Isld., East Side Totals 177 30 161 20 169 557 39,000 2,000 30,600 6,000 49,000 126,600 19,200 4.593 33,150 16,750 27,050 4,255 2.540 560 1.005 1,290 451,120 145,300 251,120 84,120 296,874 44,805 14.123 23.380 7.295 33.414 100,743 206 100 9,650 1,228,534 123,017 Return of the kinds, quantities and values of fish caught during Districts 'l- en Whitcfish fresh Trout, salted 2^ "3 i; 1 Georgian Bay lbs. lbs. 5,729 29,369 17,800 20,948 lbs. 108 200 200 lbs. 505,717 36,818 10,386 12,546 503,137 lbs. 1,000 900 4.950 3,400 Ibs. 234.039 103,506 359,994 291,878 445,414 lbs. 57,364 19,702 lbs. 92,065 2 Simcoe and Muskoka .... 1,300 12,409 ■1 198 5 Manitoulin Island, East 30,596 16,920 Totals Values 1,300 73,846 508 1,068,604 10,250 • 1,434,831 107,662 121,592 S c. 78 00 S c. 2.953 84 S c. 60 96 $ c. 128,232 48 S c. 1,127 50 S c. 157,831 41 S c. 5,383 10 S c. 17,022 88 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES 35 FISHERIES. the quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures employed in the in the Public Waters of Georgian Bay. Fishing material Other fixtures used in fishing. Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Whar\'es No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No. Value $ 18 S 15,750 3 47 S 150 1,016 S S s 8 5 9 9 4 S 6,025 1,125 650 1,595 1,300 9 4 11 11 2 S 7,950 1,030 1,058 3,900 13,800 8,700 6,200 140 1,425 1,350 840 900 4 13 41 3,000 6.500 38.400 1,250 1,500 4,000 7 1,030 1,058 76 63,650 50 1,166 32,600 3,755 35 10,695 37 15,600 the year 1922, in the Public Waters of Georgian Bay. 5 1 «3 c ^"5 Value lbs. 1.147 lbs. lbs. 34 1,953 lbs. 706 lbs. lbs. 500 49,942 lbs. 21.786 55,521 lbs. No. lbs. S c. 103,846 70 1,922 5,361 334 25,762 04 3,370 49,089 21.862 42,294 66 43 400 10,048 37,336 38 387 160 114.901 31 3,499 2,147 75.027 5,361 50.442 87,755 334 S c 1,154 67 S c. S c. 107 35 S c. 3,751 35 S c. 375 27 S c. 2,017 68 $ c. 3,510 20 S c. 534 40 $ $ c. S c. 324,141 09 36 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 ONTARIO Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, fishing industry during the year 1922, Districts Fishing material Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Gill-Nets No. Ton- nage Value Men No. Value Men No. Value Men Yards Value 1 Lake Huron {Proper) 5 143 S 20,000 28 20 14 15 9 $ 15,290 10,575 6,575 4,125 48 32 30 18 5 2 21 11 $ 625 70 750 710 7 38 28 10 410,300 80,335 S 40,769 9 8,477 3 Lambton County (including St. Clair River) 4 5 140 39,000 27 291,900 34,725 Totals 10 283 59,000 55 58 36,565 128 39 2,155 83 782,535 83,971 Return of the kinds, quantities and values of fish caught Districts |1 1| |1 0 - m 1 Lake Huron {Proper) lbs. 3,200 100 lbs. 23,990 16,068 130,627 6,486 lbs. 900 lbs. 21,645 5,349 20,012 20.205 lbs. 17,629 1,000 ""2475 lbs. 765,008 95,719 5,180 820,544 lbs. 36 lbs. 1,338 ? 15,057 3 Lambton County (includ- 1,204 3,844 143,723 4 181 Totals 3,300 177,171 900 67,211 20,804 1,686,451 5,084 160,299 S c. 198 00 S c. 7,086 84 S c. 108 00 $ c. 8,065 32 $ c. 2.288 44 S c. 185,509 61 S c. 254 20 S c. 22,441 86 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES 37 FISHERIES. the quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures employed in the in the Public Waters of Lake Huron (Proper). Fishing material Other fixtures used in fishing. Seines Pound Xets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No. Value S 2 10 50 21 $ 800 3,000 28,100 17,250 S $ 5 3.000 $ 240 S 12 10 8 2 S 3,850 1,425 1,075 2,300 7 9 2 2 $ 675 1 30 565 15 560 350 11 3 225 175 3 000 12 595 575 83 49,150 3 225 5 3.000 740 32 8,650 20 4,200 during the year 1922, in the Public Waters of Lake Huron (Proper). o it 1 J! "3 a U a a IS " .2 '> a U Pickerel (Blue) lbs. 131 lbs. lbs. 6,828 113,846 5,428 225 Ibs. 129,903 400 lbs. lbs. lbs. 1,450 29.838 73.302 9,074 lbs. No. lbs. S c. 97 073 97 1,155 105 1,150 30 604 21,379 99 36 ''07 03 9,135 3,140 10,969 30 1,205 93 845 03 10,451 126,327 131,508 1,255 3,140 113,664 634 10,969 S c. 3,448 83 $ c. $ c. 6,316 35 S c. 6,575 40 S c. 87 85 $ c. 125 60 S c. 4,546 56 $ c. 1,014 40 S S c. 438 76 $ c. 248.506 02 38 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 ONTARIO Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, the fishing industry during the year 1922, Districts Fishing material Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats GiU-Xets No. Ton- nage Value Men No. Value Men No. Value Men Yards \'alue 1 Lake Si. Clair $ 29 22 1 $ 13.995 8,250 100 50 38 1 45 34 26 S 2.825 1,750 790 82 34 39 S 1 s Totals 52 22,345 89 105 5,365 155 Return of the kinds, quantities and %alues of fish caught Districts -•a 0 fj .u 1 Lake Si. Clair lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. 13,335 4,391 7,410 lbs. 30,029 9 3,370 200 26,134 S 975 Totals 3,570 25,136 57,138 S c. S c. S c. S c. 428.40 S c. S c. S c. 1,256 80 S c. 7,999 32 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES 39 FISHERIES. quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures employed in the in the Public Waters of Lake St. Clair. Fishing material Other fixtures used in fishing. Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No. Value 27 4.358 1,310 2,971 $ 4,370 935 1,858 139 86 $ 13,200 10,725 2 $ 60 S 550 1,600 300 S 22 92 5 $ 25 17 s 13,560 8,915 25 7 4 S 4,020 6 2,675 25 930 58 8 639 7,163 225 23,925 2 60 2,450 119 42 22,475 36 7,625 .... during the year 1922, in the Public Waters of Lake St. Clair. c c u X f f ^ -§ O 2 '> 73 CJ > lbs. 200 lbs. lbs. 59,165 33,370 3.650 lbs. lbs. 18,126 13,233 480 lbs. 228,461 50.872 33.933 lbs. 287,437 115.750 58,290 lbs. No. lbs. S c. 29,799 80 7 1 19 296 16.365 27 850 2,400 4,812 52 8 169 96.185 31,839 313,266 461,477 296 2,400 S c. 2,695 77 S c. S c. 4,809 25 $ c. S c. 2.228 73 $ c. 12,530 64 $ c. 18,459 08 S c. 473 60 S S c. 96 00 S c. 50,977 59 40 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 ONTARIO Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, the fishing industry during the year 1922, Districts Fishing material Tugs Ton- No. nage Value Men Gasoline Launches No. Value Men Sail or Row Boats No. Value Men Gill-Nets Yards Value Lake Erie Essex County Kent County Elgin County Norfolk County Haldimand County (includ- ing Grand River) Welland County (including Upper Niagara River).. . . Totals . 81 50 675 167 169 42,000 14,000 166,108 40.000 60,000 18 16 131 46 37 37,300 40,300 14.100 16,435 16,200 1,450 104 132 82 63 47 6 6,140 3,405 1,033 3,530 1,577 755 134, 92, 567 219 335 18,740 11,990 77,610 21,359 34,580 1,455 39 1,142 322,108 16,440 230 1,362,748 165,734 Return of the kinds, quantities and values of fish caught Districts II 1 Lake Erie lbs. lbs. 40,595 190,226 2,328,927 2,079,149 1,636,166 31,255 lbs. 454 lbs. 168,516 22,426 178,340 50,908 326,458 4,622 lbs. lbs. 4 lbs. 609 25,375 65,488 41,928 1,101 9,235 lbs. 132,519 9 148,504 T, 162,045 4 321 201 11,172 5 Haldimand County (in- 47,998 6 Welland County (includ- ing Upper Niagara River) 2,832 Totals 6,306,318 454 751,270 526 143,736 505,070 S c. S c. 252,252 72 $ c. 54 48 S c. 90,152 40 S c. S c. 57 86 S c. 7,186 80 S c. 70,709 80 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES 41 FISHERIES. quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures employed in the in the Public \\ aters of Lake Erie. Fishing material Other fixture fishing used in Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines _ Freezers and Spears ice Houses Piers and Wharves No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No Value 6 1,430 2,275 $ 1,075 1,475 201 215 147 22 64 6 $ 131,700 473,200 75,300 13,000 31,300 3,000 5 $ 225 1 1 5 1 12 11 $ 50 10 50 10 108 66 1,300 $ 190 S 1 S 27 25.550 14 $ 8.470 7 34 25 12 13 3 80,810 19,450 7,254 7,200 300 19 7.750 2 33 100 701 1,815 400 98 8 12 12 7 11,250 79 '9,845 760 30 6.625 522 57 4,025 « 1,610 2 4.475 142 52 14.340 9,754 655 727,500 40 1,026 31 294 7.990 438 114 140,564 64 33,105 during the year 1922, in the Public Waters of Lake Erie. "3 Perch a 'J c, U 11 2" a .2 "> U c2 Pickerel (Blue) Value lbs. 18,917 lbs. lbs. 466,567 801,381 542.297 198,110 81.727 18.945 lbs. lbs. 34,050 1,365 13,702 9,116 80 lbs. 55.801 66,009 956 66.251 4.1 119 lbs. 540.149 293.461 73,104 127,184 149,118 44.154 lbs. 520 52 9 66 387 433 No. lbs. 748.892 2,357,006 1,925,462 520,930 675,813 84,486 $ c. 127.063 89 181,882 09 248,945 24 132 540 70 1.866 1,083 1,049 8.039 7 153 505 34 5,405 8 1 790 11,304 53 36,359 7 2,109,027 58,321 233.926 1,227,170 1,467 6,312,589 $ c. 11,998 47 S c. 84 S c. S c. S c. S c. 105,451 35 4.082 47 9,357 04 I 1 $ c. 49,086 80 S c. 2.347 20 S .... $ c. 252,503 56 $ c. 855,241 79 42 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 OXTARIO Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, fishing industry during the year 1922, Districts Fishing material Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Gill-Nets No. Ton- nage Value Men No. Value Men No. Value Men Yards Value 1 Lake Ontario s 15 5 14 6 11 14 26 29 80 105 15 16 $ 7.375 4,100 8.200 4,500 6.750 5.685 11.700 13.175 31.285 32.925 4.150 5.392 23 9 25 11 21 23 37 57 143 197 23 28 6 4 4 1 6 4 S 305 375 170 25 360 80 17 9 6 2 6 5 92.500 36,100 138,200 31,000 38.700 50,400 128.080 112.500 429,851 425,090 76,200 42,300 9,325 9 • 4,814 s 8,135 4 Peel Countv 3,550 5 6,207 6 4,570 12.710 8 10 100 152 480 3.5.59 6,775 17 153 238 11,100 9 35,324 in 36,369 11 7,093 T* 36 1,620 47 3,797 Totals 336 134.637 597 323 13,749 500 1,600,921 142,994 Return of the kinds, quantities and \ahies of fish caught Districts Herring, salted yd H"^ o s "^1 U I. 1 Lake Ontario lbs. lbs. 17,220 24,843 33,520 5,000 1.700 3.007 3.239 6.245 115.256 112.549 7.120 12,909 lbs. 1.475 300 21 Ibs. 56,696 24.241 88.763 15.000 33,099 83.309 146.866 204.559 651.804 646,014 113,710 32,558 lbs. • • i25 100 730 lbs. 50.892 25.730 46,511 82,000 10,011 6,339 25,252 58,265 328,714 16,271 45.835 25.074 lbs. lbs. 7 s 2.247 266 /\ 5 6 158 7 8 17,018 54,776 149,206 1,112 27,689 400 9 10 Prince Edward County. . . Bav of Quinte 250 425 7.390 102.938 11 2.300 12 Frontenac County Totals 300 3.202 3.222 342.608 1,796 2.096,619 955 720,894 250,225 116.230 S c. 193 32 S c. 13.704 32 S c. 215 52 S c. 251,594 28 S c. 105 05 S c. 79,298 34 $ c. 12,511 25 $ c. 16,272 20 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES 43 FISHERIES the quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures employed in the in the Public Waters of Lake Ontario. Fishing material Other fixtures used in fishing. Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves No. Yards Value No. V'alue No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No. Value 5 525 20 200 220 370 190 S 430 10 175 110 535 175 S S 3 S 205 S S 4 S 900 1 S 300 1 2 1 3 150 500 4 1 1,300 2 300 1 5 2 600 6 4 1 450 100 24 148 480 825 4,830 15,553 3 400 31 4.490 7 825 3 475 27 335 40 3 2 16 11 6,625 8.750 277 273 5 7 430 2 555 1 20 12 139 4.725 1,800 80 12 3.450 12 2,940 23 2.047 1,822 791 25,933 9 237 17,775 636 66 11.265 30 5,825 (luring the year 1922, in the Public Waters of Lake Ontario. s X (d Perch c Mixed and coarse fish o U > lbs. lbs. 339 lbs. 4,454 750 50 lbs. lbs. 300 lbs. 15,680 6,629 lbs. 16.783 365 9,510 7.160 13.495 lbs. No. lbs. 28.706 $ c 15.821 58 7.050 20 17.639 59 11,306 40 459 782 100 194 14,276 556 6,312 01 840 2,078 3,213 30,385 115,209 290 2.077 23.589 110.487 209.217 2.036 53,619 11.018 73 20,759 74 609 38.051 77.669 576 3.564 50,910 375 60,839 14,922 300 7,427 33.398 28 275 136.779 47 549 134.834 71 100 19,475 89 736 28.937 13,434 25.751 17,746 44 1 660 146.846 74,032 177.776 121.004 448,628 28.706 S c. 547 80 $ c. 17,621 52 S c. 3.701 60 S c. $ c. 12.444 32 $ c. 4.840 16 $ c. 17,945 12 S c. S S c. 1.148 24 S c. 432,143 04 44 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 ONTARIO Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, fishing industry during the year Districts Fishing material Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Gill-Nets No. Ton- nage Value Men No. Value Men No. Value Men Yards Value 1 Itiland Waters $ 4 15 5 3 1 8 10 $ 390 3,450 775 900 200 4,500 4.900 8 15 6 2 2 20 21 26 58 12 33 8 18 14 $ 660 1,922 194 497 275 785 765 42 79 13 23 10 18 12 9 3 Grenville, Dundas. Stor- mont, Glengarry Counties Prescott, Russell. Carleton 4 786 144 5 Peterboro and Victoria 6 7 Temiskaming and Nipissing Districts 30,950 4,901 Totals 46 15,115 74 169 5.098 197 31.736 5,045 Return of the kinds, quantities and values of fish caugh Districts Herring, salted Herring, fresh o'5 |l - it 21 o 1> 1 Inland Waters lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. 20.076 17,291 500 12,727 4,016 lbs. T Lanark and Leeds County Grenville. Dundas. Stor- mont. and Glengarry 3 4 Prescott, Russell, Carleton 2.980 5 Peterboro and Victoria 2.665 1,097 8,246 700 6.963 37.673 34,075 9,090 7 Temiskaming and Nipis- 50,560 51.583 Totals 12.008 700 44,636 43,165 105,170 54.563 S c. S c. 480 32 S c. 84 00 S c. 5.356 32 S c. $ c. 4.748 15 S c. 5,258 50 S c. 7.638 82 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES 45 FISHERIES. the quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures employed in the 1922, in Inland Waters. Fishing material Other fixtures used in fishing. Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No. Value 7 70 224 70 20 6 2,621 S 210 637 115 10 5 3,767 $ 85 157 $ 3,843 4,770 $ S S 2 8 2 14 2 1 8 $ 245 $ 13 2 2 4 3 3,800 4,500 2,750 73 152 63 750 200 524 100 1,500 16,885 2 105 2 1 47 23 4 14 1,281 800 120 505 1 10 4 56 30 10 151 1,054 3 7 500 3 750 890 34 3,011 4,744 3 750 330 11,319 18 93 11,050 288 151 1,054 37 20,204 12 1,495 during the year 1922, in Inland Waters. c o 0) u 3 'u O U .2 6 23 7] Pickerel (Blue) 3 lbs. lbs. 6,728 10,558 4,006 2,049 843 lbs. 3,638 1,112 1.890 15,783 lbs. lbs. 53,214 33,973 1.335 11,848 8.024 245 lbs. 516 2,100 1,200 3,775 lbs. 71,759 88,999 2,660 41,301 32,928 23,024 55.759 lbs. No. lbs. S c. 8 609 04 3,980 9 5'' 58 6,751 6 3,085 50 315 4,824 93 2,287 36 1,685 896 304,909 17,846 41 730 8 18,201 14 11,776 24,192 25.004 108.639 312,500 316,430 6 S c. 3,886 08 $ c. 2,903 04 $ c. 1,250 20 S c. S c. 7,604 73 S c. 12,500 00 S c. 12.657 20 S c. 9 60 S $ c. S c. 64,376 96 46 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 ONTARIO Recapitulation of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, fishing industry during the Districts Fishing material Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Gill-Nets No. Ton- nage Value Men No. Value Men No. Value Men Yards Value 1 Kenora and Rainy River 7 21 8 21 10 115 536 224 557 283 $ 20,400 81,000 46,000 126,600 59,000 16 126 39 106 55 107 50 40 99 58 52 158 336 46 44,375 28,825 22,550 100,743 36,565 22,345 125,785 134,637 15,115 153 94 82 206 128 89 434 597 74 100 68 73 100 39 105 204 323 169 S 5,954 5,910 7.523 9,650 2,155 5,365 16,440 13,749 5,098 75 100 87 129 83 155 230 500 197 237,148 710,200 285.760 1,228,534 782,535 39,378 T 75,468 3 4 5 6 Lalce Huron(Xorth Channel) Georgian Bay Lake Huron (Proper) 37,707 123,017 83,971 7 39 1.142 322,108 248 1,362,748 1,600,921 31,736 165,734 s 142,994 Q 5,045 Totals 106 2,857 655,108 590 946 530.940 1.857 1.181 71,844 1.556 6,239.582 673.314 Recapitulation of the kinds, quantities and values Districts 1" 1 Kenora and Rainy River lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. 590,249 1,198,100 253.128 1,068,604 67,211 3,570 751,270 2,096,619 44,636 lbs. 1 1,723 5,638 10,250 20,804 lbs. 87,783 1,872,321 647,954 1,434,831 1,686,451 lbs. 488,360 30,298 104,158 107,662 5,084 25,136 143,736 250,225 105,170 lbs. 1.041,601 -> 27,500 1.000 1,300 3,300 577,065 18,191 73.846 177,171 840 1.150 508 900 164,192. 3 Lake Huron (North Chan- nel) 164,312 4 121,592 5 6 Lake Huron (Proper) .... Lake St. Clair... 160,299 57,138 7 6,306.318 342.608 12,008 454 1,796 700 955 526 720,894 43,165 505,070 S 3,222 116,230 <) 54.563 Totals 36,322 7,507,207 6,348 6,073,387 49,370 6,493,925 1,259,829 2,384,997 Values S c. 2,179 32 S c. 300,288 28 S c. 761 76 S c. 728,806 44 S c. 5,430 70 S c. 714,331 75 S c. 62.991 45 S c. 333.899 58 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES 47 FISHERIES. the quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures empIo\ed in the the vear 1922. Fishing material Other fixtures used in fishiiig. Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No. Value S 61 53 129 76 83 225 655 s 18,800 20,750 67.310 63,650 49.150 23.925 727,500 46 $ 1.442 S s S 98 26 45 35 32 42 114 66 37 S 27,370 12,575 14,840 10.695 8,650 22.475 140.564 11,265 20,204 74 18 34 37 20 36 64 30 12 s 12,255 9,66o 2,000 32,600 3,000 2,450 7,990 17,775 11.050 875 105 3,755 240 119 438 636 288 7,795 20 50 3 2 40 791 330 1,680 1,166 225 60 1,026 25.933 11,319 16,725 7 1,030 595 8,639 14,340 2,047 3,011 1,058 575 7,163 9,754 1,822 4,744 15,600 12 1 5 4,200 58 7.625 52 31 9 18 294 237 93 33,105 23 5,825 34 3 750 151 1,054 1,495 186 29,662 25,116 1,285 971,835 1,282 42.851 59 629 85,865 6,456 151 1.054 495 268,638 325 104,625 of fish caught during the year 1922. 5 if. •X Porch Tullibce a, U 11 7i~ Ci'o .11 ^ > lbs. 4.169 lbs. lbs. 15,220 162 19,210 2.147 126,327 96,185 2,109.027 74.032 25.004 lbs. 130,774 78 lbs. lbs. 2.640 7.187 16,359 50.442 3.140 313.266 233 926 121.004 ,^2.500 lbs. 148,514 113.372 400,645 87,755 113,664 461.477 1.227.170 44X.62X M6.4«) lbs. 136 86 64 334 634 296 1.467 No. lbs. 3,600 250 S c. 265 811 38 23,065 412,945 43 12.803 88 5,361 1.255 31,839 58.321 1 n jid 108.639 153.381 91 3.499 75.027 131,508 324.141 09 10.451 8.169 10,969 2,400 6,312.589 28,706 248.506 02 50 977 59 36.359 7 145.846 24.192 855.241 79 1 .660 432.143 04 11.776 6 64.376 96 111.951 171,045 1 1'. <1 1 337,387 383.2 7'; Mi'.' . '-mi 6.358.514 S c. 36.943 83 S c. 20,525 40 S c. 123,365 70 $ c. 16.869 35 $ c. 26.829 53 S c. 42.418 56 S c. 132,706 20 S c. 4.836 80 $ $ c. 254.340 56 S c. 2.807.525 21 48 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 Comparative Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of Ontario according to Districts 1921 lbs. 1922 lbs. Increase lbs. Decrease lbs. Kenora and Rainy River Districts: Whitefish, salted Whitefish, fresh Trout, salted Trout, fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon Perch TuUibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Caviare Pickerel (Blue) 700 384,664 978 80,342 451,170 972,177 1,842 7,865 116,654 51,062 7,585 166,408 25 590,249 205,585 700 978 87,783 488,360 1,041,601 4,169 15,220 130,774 7,441 37,190 69,424 2,327 7,355 14,120 2,640 148,514 136 3,600 51,062 4,945 17,894 111 3,600 Total . 2,241,472 2,513,046 271,574 (net increase) Lake Superior: Herring, salted. . . . Herring, fresh Whitefish, salted. . Whitefish, fresh. . . Trout, salted Trout, fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) . . . Sturgeon Perch Tullibee Carp Mixed and Coarse. Caviare Pickerel (Blue) 276,535 424,826 200 1,497,289 91,224 1,512,942 53,977 199,208 26,305 300 5,462 72,959 165 15,504 27,500 577,065 840 1,198,100 11,723 1,872,321 30,298 164,192 23,065 162 78 7,187 113,372 86 250 152,239 640 249, )35 359,379 299,189 79,501 162 23,679 35,016 3,240 222 1,725 40.413 79 15,254 Total . 4,176,896 4,026,239 (net decrease) 150,657 Lake Huron (North Channel): Herring, salted Herring, fresh Whitefish, salted Whitefish, fresh Trout, salted Trout, fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coa se Caviare Total . 905 23,734 2,250 664,996 5,110 1,589,214 134,704 160,719 12,903 11,863 50,161 4,109 10,817 411,610 235 3,083,330 1,000 18,191 1,150 253,128 5,638 647,954 104,158 164,312 12,803 19,210 95 528 5,543 1,100 411,868 3,593 941,260 30,546 100 7,347 88 16,359 400,645 64 1,644,700 5,542 50,161 4,021 (net decrease) 10,965 171 1,438,630 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES 49 Comparative Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of Ontario according to Districts. — Continued. 1921 lbs. 1922 lbs. Increase lbs. Decrease lbs. Georgian Bay: Herring, salted. . . . Herring, fresh Whitefish, salted. . Whitefish, fresh. . . Trout, salted Trout, fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) . . . Sturgeon Perch TuUibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse. Caviare Total Lake Huron (Proper) Herring, salted. . . . Herring, fresh Whitefish, salted. . Whitefish, fresh . . . Trout, salted Trout, fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) . . . Sturgeon Perch TuUihee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse. Caviare Pickerel (Blue).... Total Lake St. Clair: Herring, fresh Whitefish, fresh . . . Pike ... Pickerel (Dore) . . . Sturgeon Perch Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse. Caviare Pickerel (Blue).. . . Total 2,750 61,002 5,015 550,415 17,980 908,966 86,813 38,551 2,629 4,435 82,320 13,819 68,727 138,310 20 1 73 1,068 10 1,434 107 121 3 2 75 5 50 300 846 508 604 ,250 ,831 ,662 ,592 ,499 ,147 ,027 ,361 ,442 ,755 334 12,844 518,189 525,865 20,849 83,041 870 1,450 4,567 7,730 2,288 7,293 8,458 18,285 50,555 314 1,981,752 3,043,158 1,061,406 (net increase) 6,100 103,891 6,350 70,143 12,095 678,082 7,067 125,223 8,288 127,136 121,048 481 3,518 101,925 4,713 546 3,300 177,171 900 67,211 20,804 1,686,451 5,084 160,299 10,451 126,327 131,508 1,255 3,140 113,664 634 10,969 73,280 2,800 5,450 2,932 8,709 1,008,369 35,076 2.163 1,983 809 10,460 774 11,739 10,423 378 4,079 1.376,606 2,519,168 1,142,562 (net increase) 325 2,400 54,995 37,598 1 1 ,885 131,304 67,558 316,71 438,073 3,801 160 325 3,570 25,136 57,138 8,169 96,185 31,839 313.266 461.477 296 2.400 1,170 19,540 29,859 23,404 3,716 35,119 35,719 3,451 2,240 3,505 1,064,816 999,476 (net decrease) 65,340 50 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 Comparati\e Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of Ontario according to Districts. — Continued. Lake Erie: Herring, fresh Whitefish, salted. . Whitefish, fresh. . Trout, fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) . . . Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse. Caviare Pickerel (Blue).. . , 1921 lbs. 5,225,300 1,851 964,648 637 96,692 311,021 15,104 1,964,898 68 45,582 345,427 1,071,536 6,366,554 1922 lbs. 6,306,318 4.54 751,270 526 143,736 505,070 36,359 7 2,109,027 58,321 233,926 1,227,170 1,467 6,312,589 Increase lbs. 1.081,018 47,044 194,049 36.359 144,129 12,739 155,634 1,467 Decrease lbs. 1,397 213,378 111 15,097 111,501 53,965 Total . 16,409,318 17,686,240 1.276.922 (net increase) Lake Ontario: Herring, salted. . . . Herring, fresh Whitefish, salted. . Whitefish. fresh. . . Trout, salted Trout, fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) . . . Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse. Caviare Pickerel (Blue)... . Total 2,186 1,014,419 10,488 2,156,986 29,543 529,302 233,143 73,305 1,798 112,226 87,272 475 183,629 62,867 415,850 103 23,034 i,221 342,608 1,796 2,096,619 955 720,894 250,225 116,230 1,660 146,846 74,032 1 ,036 671,811 8,692 60,367 28,588 191,592 17,082 42.925 138 34,620 177,776 121,004 448,628 13,240 475 5,853 58,137 32,778 103 28,706 5,672 4,936,626 4,531,201 (net decrease' 405,425 Inland Waters: Herring, salted. . . . Herring, fresh Whitefish, salted. . Whitefish, fresh . . . Trout, salted Trout, fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) . . . Sturgeon Eels' Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse. Caviare Pickerel (Blue) . . . . Total . 350 23,678 200 48,138 100 10,808 119,268 148,800 69,279 36,482 22,464 500 131,674 259,706 300,096 1,923 100 1.173.566 12,008 700 44,636 350 11,670 43,165 105,170 54,563 11,776 24,192 25,004 500 32,3.57 3,502 100 14,098 94,237 57.503 12,290 2.540 108,639 312,500 316,430 6 52,794 16,334 500 23,035 1,058,789 (net decrease) 1,917 100 114,777 1923 GAME AND FISHERIES 51 Comparative Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of Ontario. Kind of Fish. Herring, salted. . . Herring, fresh. . . . Whitefish, salted. . Whitefish, fresh . . Trout, salted. . . . Trout, fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) . . Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Caviare Pickerel (Blue).. . Total 1921 lbs. 288 6,877 27 6,339 15 5,310 1,237 2,066 134 163 2,357 371 497 1,080 3,116 10 6,405 826 175 ,054 ,679 ,030 293 829 ,602 929 ,812 ,237 ,526 ,914 ,826 ,757 ,985 ,898 1922 lbs. 36, 7,507, 6, 6,073, 49, 6,493, 1,259, 2,384, 111, 171, 2,467 337 383, 1,060, 3,317 3, 6,358, 322 207 348 387 370 925 829 997 951 045 314 387 279 464 655 023 514 Increase lbs. 630,032 1,183,632 22,000 318,395 7,233 110,077 200,898 Decrease lbs. 252,504 20,706 266,292 107,660 22,978 34,139 114,635 20,362 7,962 47,384 36,444,372 38,022,017 1,577,645 (net increase) Statement of the Yield of Fisheries of the Province of Ontario for the Year 1922 as Furnished b^■ the F"ishermen's Annual Returns. Kind of Fish Quantity- lbs. Price per lb. Value Herring, salted Herring, fresh Whitefish, salted. . . Whitefish, fresh Trout, salted Trout, fresh Pike 36,322 7,507,207 6,348 6,073,387 49,370 6,493,925 1,259 829 $0 06 04 12 12 11 11 05 'A 12 05 05 07 04 04 1 60 04 2,179 32 300,288 28 761 76 728,806 44 5,430 70 714,331 75 62,991 45 333,899 58 36,943 83 20,525 40 123,365 70 16,869 35 26,829 53 42,418 56 132,706 20 4,836 80 254,340 56 Pickerel (Dore) .... Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee 2,384,997 111,951 171,045 2,467,314 337,387 383,279 Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse. Caviare Pickerel (Blue) 1,060,464 3,317,655 3,023 6,358,514 Total 38,022,017 2,807,525 21 Prices based on figures furriisiied !;>■ tiic Dtjiiiiiiion i5uie,ui of Statistics. 52 THE REPORT UPON GAME AND FISHERIES No. 14 Year Value of Ontario Fisheries, Years 1901 to 1922, Inclusive. Value 1901 1,428,078 00 1902 1,265,705 00 1903 1,535,144 00 1904 1,793,524 00 1905 1,708,963 00 1906 1,734,865 00 1907 1,935,024 90 1908 2,100,078 63 1909 2,237,544 41 1910 2,348,269 57 1911 2,419,178 21 Year Value. 1912 2,842,877 09 1913 2,674,686 76 1914 2,755,293 11 1915 3,341,181 41 1916 2,658,993 43 1917 2,866,424 GO 1918 3,175,110 32 1919 2,721,440 24 1920 2,691,093 74 1921 2,656,775 82 1922 2,807,525 21 Statement of the Number and Value of the Tugs, Gasoline, Sail or Row Boats, Nets, Spears, Etc., Used in the Fishing Industry of the Province of Ontario During the Year 1922. Tugs (2,857 tons) Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Gill Nets (6,239,582 yards) Seine Nets (29,662 \ ards) . . Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Baited Hooks Spears Freezers and Ice Houses. . . Piers and Wharves Value 655,108 00 530,940 00 71,844 00 673,314 00 25,116 00 971,835 00 42,851 00 629 00 6,456 00 1,054 00 268,638 00 104,625 00 Number of men employed on Tugs Number of men employed on Gasoline Launches . Number of men employed on Sail or Row Boats. 590 1,857 1,556 Seventeenth Annual Report OF THE GAME AND FISHERIES DEPARTMENT 1923 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO TORONTO Printed and Published by Clarkson W. James, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty 19 2 4 PKM)UCeDBy SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Game and Fisheries Department of Ontario To the Honourable Charles McCrea, Minister of Mines. Sir, — I have the honour to place before you the Seventeenth Annual Report of the work of the Game and Fisheries Department for the fiscal year ending the 31st day of October, 1923. The gross revenue received amounted to $621,148.08, and the total expenditures, which include capital expenditures as well as the ordinary expenses, were vS391,422.19, so that a net surplus for the year of $229,725.89 was obtained. Comparative Statement of Revenue and Expenditure, 1916-1923 Inc., AS SHOWN IN the PuBLIC ACCOUNTS. , Revenue Expenditure Surplus 1916 $174,186 71 $157,681 94 $16,504 77 1917 219,442.94 154,055.17 65,387.77 1918 258,671.62 167,795 22 90,876 40 1919 346,197.14 185,247 72 160,949 42 1920 466,550 86 239,978 13 226,572 73 1921 612,972 86 287,608 87 325,363 99 1922 737,519 65 347,352 00 390,167 65 1923 621,148 08 391,422 19 229,725 89 It will be noted that the total revenue for the current year is lower than for the preceding year, and from the following figures you will note that it is almost entirely due to a smaller revenue in the game receipts. 1922 1923 Decrease Revenue from Game $499,419 77 $383,477 09 $115,942 68 Revenue from Fish 238,099 88 237,670 99 428 89 By comparing the revenues of this year with the preceding year from royalties on pelts, trapping and fur dealers' licenses, you will note that the major part of the lower revenue may be attributed to a depression in the fur trade during the year, as fewer trapping licenses were sold, fewer pelts trapped and fewer fur dealers' licenses issued. Statistics. The statistics accompanying this report will show in detail the kinds, quantities and values of commercial fish taken, also the varieties, quantities and locations of fry and fingerlings distributed from Provincial hatcheries, together with other statistics pertaining to the fur trade, as well as other branches of the Department. All of which have been carefully prepared and afford interesting and valuable information. THE REPORT UPON No. 14 1921 1922 1923 6,181,883 6,239,582 6,018,801 180 186 172 1,052 1,285 1,265 1,445 1,282 1,263 41 59 36 116 151 125 78,663 85,865 71,336 3,600 4,003 3,742 116 101 100 924 946 894 1,109 1,181 1,080 $3,151,810 00 $3,352,410 00 $2,807,368 00 36,444,372 38,022,017 38,594,682 S2, 656,775 82 $2,807,525 21 $2,886,398 76 Angling. Fish. The statistics of the commercial fisheries of the Province are shown in comparison as follows : — Gill nets licensed (yards) Seines " Pound nets " Hoop " " Dip and Roll nets licensed Spears " Hooks " Number of men employed Number of tugs Number of gasoline boats Number of sail or row boats \alue of boats, ice-houses, wharves and twine Aggregate catch in pounds Value to fishermen The fee for a non-resident angling permit in the year 1920 was $2.00, while in 1921 the fee was raised to S5.00, and for comparison purposes the revenues received from this source from 1920 to 1923 inclusive, were as follows: — 1920 1921 1922 1923 Revenue from Angling Permits... . $30,706 85 $56,565 00 $63,132 00 $77,856 75 Residents are permitted to angle without a permit or fee, except on such territories as are legally prohibited. Residents are charged a fee for angling in the waters of Lake Nipigon and Nipigon River. The reports received from anglers throughout the Province would show that game fish are becoming more plentiful and reflects the results obtained from the distribution of fry and finger- lings from the Provincial hatcheries in recent years. Hatcheries. During the year still further progress has been made towards the expansion of the Provincial hatchery systems by completing a modern hatchery at Glenora, which has now a larger capacity than any other hatchery in the Province. This hatchery is located oft the site purchased last year at Glenora in Prince Edward County, and as it has a dependable water supply by gravity a large distribution can be made from this point each year. This is the first hatchery built in the eastern part of the Province, and its capacity will supply the needs of a large area that has formerly been supplied from hatcheries at a greater distance. A complete report in detail of the waters stocked and the varieties distributed will be shown elsewhere in this report, but the following is a summary of this year's distribution, together with a summary of the previous year's distribution, which will show an increase that is gratifying. Whitefish Fry Pickerel Frj' Salmon Trout Fingerlings and Fry Steel Head Salmon Fry Herring Fry Rainbow Trout Fry Speckled Trout Fingerlings and Fry Black Bass Fingerlings and Fry Parent Black Bass 1922 1923 189,775,000 264,400,000 43,510,000 36,140,000 7,815,000 12,410,100 5,300 26,250,000 24,000,000 21,000 1,100 2,184,075 2,328,800 613,500 785,000 937 997 270,174,812 340,065,997 1924 GAME AND FISHERIES 5 The demand for fry and fingerlings is still very great, and each year the demand is greater than the supply, although remarkable increased deliveries have been made, particularly since 1920, and for comparison purposes the follow- ing figures would show the total distribution from 1912 to 1923, inclusive: — 1912 150,000 1918 58,356,631 1913 173,815 1919 22,361,748 1914. 598,630 1920 77,783,360 1915 1,697,425 1921 155,347,142 1916 1,570,450 1922 270,174,812 1917 2,156,928 1923 340,065,997 Game Sanctuaries. Further areas have been created during the year as Crown Game Preserves under the authority of Orders-in-Council, and aside from the Provincial Parks, the following is a complete list of the areas: — Miner Farm Sanctuary Essex County. Peasemarsh Farm Sanctuary Grey County. Nopiming Game Sanctuary Carleton and Renfrew Counties. Eugenia Fish and Game Preserve Grey County. Peel Game Preserve Peel County. Dumfries Game Preserve Waterloo and Brant Counties. Falcon Game Preserve District of Kenora. Chippewa Game Preserve District of Thunder Bay. Wilder Lake Preserve Grey County. Midland Game Preserve Simcoe County. The increase in the number of Crown Game Preserves from year to year will tend towards improving the supply of wild life in the localities in which they are located. Areas that have been set aside up to the present time are not extensive, and in some cases very few fur-bearing animals are located therein. I would, therefore, strongly recommend that immediate steps be taken to provide for one or more sanctuaries in that part of the Province that is suitable through natural conditions to provide for the apparent present need of conser- vation to all fur-bearing animals, and such area to be of sufficient size, as a natural increase therefrom would, to a great extent counter-balance the large number of pelts that have been taken out of the Province, particularly during the past few years. The propagation of English ring-necked pheasants on the Eugenia Crown Game Preserve is being continued with marked success, and this year approxim- ately 8,000 eggs were produced. Plantixg of Wild Rice. A supply of wild rice was again distributed to each district warden, who was responsible for the planting of same in waters to which the general public have access. The Department has received the co-operation and the appre- ciation of all sportsmen and local game associations in this work, and the planting of wild rice was successful in the majority of waters in which it has been sown, and I trust the policy of an annual distribution will be continued. Game. Deer are reported to be quite scarce in some districts, while quite plentiful in others, but on the whole it is considered that fewer deer were taken. Returns from sportsmen are not required by the Department and, therefore, definite figures cannot be obtained as to the quantity of game animals taken each year. THE REPORT UPON No. 14 Moose are not reported as plentiful except in a few districts. A comparison of the number of deer and moose licenses sold for three years is as follows: — 1921 1922 1923 Resident Moose 1,989 1,584 1,098 Resident Deer 18,689 20,504 17,877 Non-resident Hunting 950 1,256 1,247 Ruffed Grouse (commonly known as partridge) are reported to be very plentiful, and the "limit" in number was easily obtained. Sharp-tailed Grouse or Prairie Hen are reported to be very plentiful in the District of Rainy River, although there is no open season for the taking of these birds. Quail are still protected by a close season, and are reported to be in fair numbers in the Counties of Essex and Kent. Pheasants are protected by a close season, and are reported to be very plentiful in the Niagara Peninsula. Ducks and Geese are reported to be very plentiful and the season has been a satisfactory one. Furs. The catch of fur-bearing animals shows a decrease from the preceding year, and a general depression in the fur trade appears to be responsible to some extent, as a much smaller number of trappers obtained licenses and a corres- ponding fewer number of fur cfealers. Beaver. — Fewer beaver were taken than in the preceding year, and are reported to be scarce. Otter are reported to be becoming scarce. Mink and Fisher are still being taken in large numbers. Marten are reported to be becoming scarce. Muskrat. — A satisfactory catch of muskrat was taken despite the fact that there was a very late season last spring, and they are reported to be becoming quite plentiful. Comparison of Pelts Exported and Tanned for the Years 1921-2-3. 1921 1922 1923 Beaver 95,479 93,971 70,684 Otter 4,759 5,309 3,997 Fisher 2,602 2,657 2,239 Marten 6,533 7,327 4,704 Mink 42,667 78,487 58,634 Muskrat 479,866 554,888 478,820 Bear 1,494 2,137 1,447 Fox (Cross) ? 287 469 1,154 Fox (Red) 5,282 11,272 12,329 Fox (Silver or Black) 153 87 205 Fox (White) 351 1,765 1,501 Fox (not specified) 23 170 34 Lynx 591 836 1,177 Raccoon 11,951 20,344 15,752 Skunk 47,121 73,219 54,770 Weasel 58,898 94,399 61,603 Wolverine 12 6 20 In addition to the above list there were, during the year, 395 ranch-raised fox that were either exported alive or the pelts therefrom exported or tanned. The estimated value to the trapper for the pelts taken in 1923, based on an average of the prices paid for the year, is !$3, 182 ,395.53. 1924 GAME AND FISHERIES 7 Fur Farming. Two hundred and eighty-four fur farming permits were issued for 1923, as compared with 141 permits issued for the previous year, and for comparison purposes the following is a list of animals stocked on fur farms for the years 1922 and 1923. 1922 1923 Beaver 4 2 Fisher 3 6 Fox (Cross) 270 361 Fox (Red) 206 323 Fox (Silver black) 1,088 2,171 Lvnx 2 2 Mink 94 73 Muskrat . . 163 Opossum 6 Raccoon 50 130 Skunk 82 46 1,805 3,277 EXFORCEMEXT OF THE ACT. The services performed by the wardens, special patrol officers and overseers throughout the Province for the enforcement of the Act and Regulations, were carried out generally with efficiency, and with a view of co-operating with the Department's policy. During the year a steel patrol boat was purchased and equipped, in accord- ance with the needs of the patrol service. This boat has carried on very effective work on all of the Great Lakes during the year, and has filled a long felt want in the fisheries protective service. In regard to the enforcement of the Act and for the conservation of all wild life the earnest co-operation of the public sportsmen is requested. Summary of Convictions, Fine and Confiscations for the Year. Convictions 861 Fines collected $18,155 29 Sale of confiscations 10,253 86 The articles confiscated include: 6,057 pelts, 15,711 pounds of fish, 29,769 yards gill nets, 182 gill nets, 17 hoop nets, 25 dip nets, 4 seines, 18 pound nets, 16 trap nets, 17 gasoline boats, 48 row-boats, 6 tugs, 6 motor cars, 600 traps and 3 canoes. All confiscations are sold at advertised sales by tender, other than such articles as are sold by the Department to the former owner, when circumstances warrant. The thanks of the Department are due to the transportation companies that furnished assistance and co-operation in the distributing of fry, and I wish to also express appreciation of the co-operation of the Federal Government officials in all matters in which they are concerned, pertaining to fish and game and the enforcement of the Regulations in connection therewith. A number of fish and game protective associations have also rendered valuable assistance to the Department in their efforts to conserve the fish and game of the Province. The results obtained by the Department are to no' small extent due to the loyal support given by the staff, not only to those who are in the inside service, but also to those who are in the field in the outside service of the Department. 8 THE REPORT UPON ; No. 14 All statistics referred to will be found elsewhere in this report, together with many other statistics in detail. It is with deep regret that I have to report that during the year death has removed a most efficient officer in the person of Captain John Fleming, who occupied the position of District Warden with headquarters at Orillia. All of which is respectfully submitted. I am, Sir, Your obedient servant, (Sgd.) D. McDonald, Deputy Minister of Game and Fisheries. 1924 GAME AND FISHERIES REVENUE RECEIVED BY DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES DURING YEAR ENDING OCTOBER 31st, 1923. GAME Royalty $75,313 42 Indian Coupons 55,199 00 Trappers' Coupons 32,360 00 Trappers' Licenses 51,227 05 Non-Resident Hunting Licenses 31,175 00 Resident Deer Licenses 53,633 50 Resident Moose Licenses 5,490 00 Fur Dealers' Licenses 51,001 80 Fur Farmers' Permits 1,463 00 Tanners' Licenses 190 00 Game Dealers' Licenses 454 00 Hotel and Restaurant Licenses, &c 408 00 Cold Storage Licenses 140 00 Guides' Licenses 2,068 00 Fines 14,552 48 Sales 8,801 84 $383,477 09 FISHERIES Fishing Licenses 115, 930 00 Royalty 29,878 51 Ana;ling Permits 77,856 75 Fines 3,602 81 Sales 1,452 02 Miscellaneous 8,950 90 Total §237,670 99 $621,148 08 10 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1923 Small-Mouthed Black Bass Fry and Fingerlings Waters Countv or District Quantity 8,000 Nettleton Lake Algoma Lake Deborne ^^ I'oOO Stringer Lake " c'qqq Blue Lake Brant 5,UUU I. L. Kitchen Lake Lake Chesley Bruce Poechmaur Lake ^^ Brunton Mill Dam • ^^ 10 000 Lake Huron „ j5'qqq Saugeen River Carleton '."'.■■.. 10,000 Rideau River ^aneton Scugog Lake Durham Kettle River Elgi" Lake Pinafore Sharbot Lake Frontenac 4,000 5,000 8,000 5,000 2,500 10,000 5,000 2,500 10.000 ^ , T 1 - ....'.' 10,000 Eagle Lake.. „ 10,000 Loughborough Lake ^^ ^ qOq Shaw's Lake ^^ s'oOO Lucky Lake. Glen^arrv ■ • loioOO St. Lawrence River Olengarry ^.^^^ 4,000 10,000 2,500 5,000 5,000 Gorrie Pond Huron Grand River Ha dimand Gull Lake Haliburton Barnam Lake ^^ South Lake ^^ 2'500 Cedar Lake ^^ ' ' ' 2 500 Beach Lake. Devil's Lake Day's Lake. Dack's Lake Black Lake • ^^ 2500 Wilbermere Lake ^^ 2500 Percy Lake. ., , 2I5OO Lake of Islands „ 2 500 Deer Lake Twelve Mile Creek Halton. . .Stoco Lake Hastings Crow Lake ^^ Moira River ^^ Two Sisters ,, 2,500 2,500 2,500 5,000 8,000 5,000 8,000 8,000 4,000 4,000 Lake of Islands 1q OPO Rondeau Bay t 1 S 000 Dalhousie Lake Lanark • ^^^^^ Black Lake ^^ 2 500 Clayton Lake • „ 5^000 Otty Lake „ 2,500 Christie Lake ^^ 4 qOq Robertson's Lake ^, 2500 Bennett's Lake ' • ' ; jqIoOO Charleston Lake Leeas 19,000 Rideau Lakes ^^ 4000 Sand Lake ^^ 5000 Upper Beverly Lake ^^ 4000 r,yYl":::;;;;;;:::;::::::::::::;;::;:::::un„o.&;«^i^^^^^^^^^^^^ f:^ Napanee River „ „ 2,000 BeaverLake Middlesex - 10,000 Thames River Middlesex y.^^ Clark's Mill Pond „ 2*500 Pond Mills „ ; ; 2^500 Currie's Pond ^^ 2,500 Whittaker Lake „ 2 500 Foster Lake Manitnnlin '.'■ 8^000 Lake Manitou Alanitoulin 1924 GAME AND FISHERIES 11 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1923— Continued Small-Mouthed Black Bass Fry and Fingerlings Waters County or District Beasley Lake iVI uskoka Peninsular Lake " Sparrow Lake " Three Mile Lake " RIuldrewLake " Shadow Lake " Long Lake " Koshee Lake " Buck Lake " Maenhood Lake " Stewart Lake " Cache Lake, Algonquin Park Nipissing Lake Nipissing " Four Mile Lake " Lake Nosbinsing " Crow Bay Northumberland .... Presque Isle Bav " .... Orland Mill Poiid.. " Trent River, including Cassidy's Bay " .... Cramahe's Lake " .... Rice Lake " Waterworks Pond Oxford Smith's Pond " Maplehurst Lake " North Lake Parry Sound Little Clam Lake " Harris Lake " Deer Lake " Ahmic Lake " Bolger Lake " Greater Doe Lake " Lovering Lake " Indian River Peterborough Pigeon Lake " Stoney Lake " Clear Lake " Chemong Lake " Otonabee River " Rice Lake " Credit River Peel Lake Dore Renfrew Mink Lake " Muskrat Lake " Calabogie Lake " Silver Lake " Green Lake " Bass Lake Simcoe Lake Couchiching " Severn River " Little Lake " Orr Lake " Park Lake " Kempenfeldt Bay (Lake Simcoe) " Clear Lake Sudbury Lovering Lake " Elbo Lake " Ramsay Lake " Chapleau Lake " Kenogami Lake Tin iskaming Twin LaKCS " Black River " Lake of Pines " Sturgeon Lake Victoria Cameron Lake " Balsam Lake " Quantity 5.000 7.500 10.000 5.000 10.000 2.500 5.000 5,000 2,500 2,500 5,000 5.000 10,000 5.000 5.000 2,500 5,000 2,500 8,000 2,500 10,000 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 5,000 2.500 5,000 2,500 2.500 2.500 5.000 10,000 15,000 5,000 10.000 5,000 5,000 10,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 5,000 4,000 4,000 5,000 10,000 20,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 8,000 4.000 5,000 5.000 5.000 5.000 15.000 10.000 5,000 12 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1923— Continued Small-Mouthed Black Bass Fry and Fingerlings Waters County or District Big Mud Turtle LaiX m3-«.« Salmon Trout Fry and Fingerhngs County or District . .Thunder Bay lied Waters Long Lac • Lake Shebandawan «' . Little Long Lake •; « ^^ . Arrow Lake " LakeHellen • " ;; Windigo Lake " HaselLake « Lake Superior Timiskaming . Kenogami Lake ' ' ' / " Twin Lakes ' " Long Lake McLeod Lake " Hill's Lake Pickerel Algoma Lake La Cloche Bruce Lake Chesley Carleton Rideau River ' Durham Scugog Lake ... Frontenac fSharbot Lake " -Loon Lake " \Lake Mississagagon « Sand Lake " ;Devil Lake " Cranberry Lake " fLong Lake Glengarry Lake St. Frances Grey Pearl Lake Haliburton ^onkell Lake Hastings jStoco Lake " \Crow Lake .... " aVIoira River « \ipunter Lake ... " 'Wadsworth Lake « (Deer Lake _ « VJrent River Huron Maitland River Lanark Dalhousie Lake « Mississippi Lake « Christie Lake " Patterson Lake " Bennett's Lake " Rideau River " Rideau Lakes Leeds Rideau Lakes « Charleston Lake " Killenback Lake " Higley Lake ... " LakeEloida " Bass Lake " Green's Lake " ' Lyndhurst Lake « Atkinson's Lake " « ..■■.■ ■ •, ;^- Jerome's Lake Lennox and Addmgton. Beaver Lake . . Middlesex Thames River . " Pond Mills .... " Aux Saubles River Muskoka Beasley Lake ' " North Lake " Sparrow Lake ' ' " Gull Lake Quantity 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 2,005,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 10,000 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 200,000 100,000 100,000 50,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 200,000 50,000 100,000 20,000 200,000 200,000 100,000 100,000 150,000 400,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 150,000 100,000 150,000 100,000 250,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 100,000 250,000 100,000 200.000 50,000 50,000 250,000 50,000 1924 GAME AND FISHERIES 19 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1923—Conlimied Pickerel. Waters Countv or District Qupptifx' Long Lake Muskoka 300,000 Musquash River " 50,000 Leech Lake " 100,000 Deer Lake " 50,000 HenshawLake " 100.000 Hartt'sLake " 100,000 Cache Lake, Algonquin Park Nipissing 150,000 Lake Nosbinsing " 50,000 Trent River Northumberland 100,000 Mud Lake Ontario 50,000 Poole Lake Parrv Sound 50,000 Harris Lake "' " 50,000 AhmicLake " " 50,000 Wolf Lake " " 50,000 CecebeLake " " 50,000 RutheLake " " 50,000 Manitawaba Lake " " 50,000 Kashegabagamog Lake " " 50,000 Rice Lake Peterborough 200,000 StonevLake ^^^ 1,100,000 Clear'Lake " 100,000 Jack's Lake " 100,000 Little Canoe River Rainy River 3,250,000 RainvLake " " 20,320,000 Muck's Lake Renfrew 50,000 Ottawa River " 50,000 Pike Lake - " 50,000 LakeDore " 50,000 Mink Lake " 50.000 MuskratLake " 50,000 Golden Lake " 100,000 Silver Lake " 100,000 Petawawa River " 50,000 Lake Couchiching Simcoe 100,000 Severn River " 300,000 Cook's Lake " 50.000 Loon Lake Sudbury 100,000 ApseyLake " 200,000 Kashabowie Lake Thunder Bay 750,000 Sturgeon Lake Victoria 750,000 Balsam Lake " •■ . . 100,000 Grand River Waterloo 200,000 Hamilton Bay Wentworth 500,000 Whitefish • Waters Countv or District Ouantitv Lake Superior Algoma 32,000,000 North Channel " 41,000,000 Lake Ontario Durham 2,000,000 Lake Ontario Halton 6,000,000 Eagle Lake Kenora 500,000 Wabigoon Lake " 2,500.000 Lake Ontario Lincoln 2,000.000 Lake Erie Norfolk 87.500,000 Lake Ontario Northumberland 2,000.000 Lake Ontario Ontario 2.000.000 Lake Ontario Peel 2.000.000 Rainy Lake Rainy River 25,725.000 Mink Lake " " 500,000 Little Turtle Lake " " 1,200,000 Elbow Lake " " 1,000,000 BarilLake " " 500.000 Arrow Lake Thunder Bay 1,000.000 HaselLake " " 100,000 20 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1923— Continued Whitefish Waters Countv or District Quantity Kashabowie Lake Thunder Bav 1,000,000 Shebandowan Lake " " 1,000,000 Lake Superior : " " 37,475,000 Lake Hellen " " 1,000,000 Lake Nipigon " " 10,000,000 Little Long Lake " " 500,000 Long Lake " " 1,000,000 Lake Ontario Wentworth . . ' 2,000,000 Herring Waters Count\' or District Quantity Lake Ontario Durham 2,000,000 Lake Ontario Halton 4,000,000 Lake Erie Norfolk 16,000,000 Lake Ontario Wentworth 2,000,000 Raifiboxv Trout Waters County or District Quantity Kaministiquia River Thunder Bay 1,100 SUMMARY Black Bass Fry and Fingerlings 785,000 Parent Black Bass 997 Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings 2,328,800 Salmon Trout Fry and Fingerlings 12,410,100 Pickerel 36,140,000 Whitefish 264,400,000 Herring 24,000.000 Rainbow Trout 1,100 Total distribution 340,065,997 COMPARATI\'E STATEMENT OF DISTRIBUTION 1921 1922 1923 Small-mouthed Black Bass Fry and Fingerlings. 773,500 613,500 785,000 Parent Small-mouthed Black Bass 742 937 997 Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings 1,147,500 2,184,075 2,328,800 Salmon Trout Fry and Fingerlings 110,400 7,815,000 12,410,100 Pickerel 27,625,000 43,510,000 36,140,000 Whitefish 115,950,000 189,775,000 264,400,000 Herring 9,740,000 26,250,000 24,000,000 Rainbow Trout 21,000 1,100 Steel Head Salmon 5,300 155,347,142 270,174,812 340,065,997 22 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 ONTARIO Recapitulation of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boals> fishing industry during Districts Fishing material Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Gill-Nets No. Ton- nage Value Men No. Value Men No. Value Men Yards Value 1 Kenora and Rainy River District 5 20 6 22 11 2 34 lOfl 472 110 575 313 12 898 S . 11,230 81,300 23.000 132.400 66.212 1.580 231,000 13 115 26 106 56 4 217 110 44 29 96 67 55 136 312 45 S 49.185 23,350 18,850 83.770 47,416 21,905 104,950 123.350 20,850 153 77 55 197 125 77 369 572 80 67 70 49 80 43 87 201 328 155 $ 2,526 6,475 3.685 5.727 2,592 4,955 17.195 17,229 4,679 47 101 49 124 82 85 197 500 315 253.619 878.810 246.380 1,190,227 782,000 S 35,234 2 3 4 5 6 Lake Superior and District. North Channe!(Lake Huron) Georgian Bay (Lalce Huron) Lake Huron (Proper) Lake St. Clair 79,418 19,282 118,257 91,460 1.164,416 1,467,364 35,985 171,009 8 141.586 q 6,088 Totals 100 2,480 546,722 537 894 493.626 1,705 1,080 65,063 1,500 6,018,801 662,334 Recapitulation of the kinds, quantities and values Districts h X Whitcfisli fresh 0 ^ 0 - a 1 Kenora and Rainy River lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. 603.612 1.267,377 175,487 1,213,681 127.909 2,140 536.123 2,563,764 25.872 lbs. '2,346 1 ,665 9,935 9.848 lbs. 73,044 1,956.211 357.970 1.344,676 1,694,660 lbs. 455.191 22.809 77.656 105.897 13.505 22.941 129.585 280.800 87,846 lbs. 1.151.748 2 3 Lake Superior and district North Channel (Lake 18,000 385 1,140 4,000 1.078,958 10.382 71.314 147.583 1,000 28 825 1,000 158.705 143,626 4 Georgian Bay (Lake Hur- 120,318 5 6 Lake Huron (Proper) . . . . 219,133 72,431 7 9.241.118 249.635 7,370 '2.356 940 ""6,169 239 748,781 34,814 602,564 8 6,427 167,985 9 54,685 Totals 29,952 10.806,360 6,143 6,515,965 29.957 6.210,395 1.196.230 2,691,195 S c. 1,797 12 S c. 432,254 40 $ c. 737 16 S c. 781,915 80 S c. 3.295 27 $ c. 683.143 45 S c. 59.811 50 $ c. 376.767 30 1924 GAME AND FISHERIES 23 FISHERIES. the quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures employed in the the vear 1923. Fishing material Other fixtures used in fishing. Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No. Value S 56 52 90 82 108 216 658 S 11.761 20,545 39,000 69,800 67,050 25,635 410,150 30 5 25 34 2 2 76 772 317 $ 871 30 2,060 718 150 40 2,219 24,923 10,054 $ $ $ 93 21 31 36 32 40 103 66 34 S 25,793 10,600 8,815 18,900 10,200 13,650 130,435 12,235 4,485 65 24 26 31 24 13 57 31 8 $ 7,225 2.500 225 9,954 11,800 1? 935 535 7,050 12,025 1,566 3,648 478 422 4,893 8,229 1,444 5,350 30.241 3,035 4,100 6,910 15,750 8,800 3,851 342 127 207 677 384 1 1 14,950 8 7 300 34 8,475 47 18 5 13 168 254 53 25,523 21 4,820 50 3 650 124 867 835 172 25,759 20,816 1,265 644.591 1,263 41,065 36 475 71.336 5,813 125 868 456 235,113 279 90,882 ofjfish caught during the year 1923 Sturgeon "3 IX 1; a U 0. Mixed and coarse fish .2 U 35 •S5 3 lbs. 14,023 lbs. lbs. 4,684 lbs. 111.692 600 lbs. lbs. 13,814 4,732 122 52,303 6,474 304,871 286,319 102,989 361,697 lbs. 131,267 49,665 394,478 51,548 101,494 351,786 1,286,587 377,544 269,950 lbs. 543 10 25 345 927 700 1,837 56 26 No. lbs. 3,835 $ c. 281,744 38 27,238 446,453 74 8.322 2 20,810 3,615 118,022 56,773 2,396,778 82,703 17,537 50 7,300 399 43,228 57,765 180,761 107,605 104,664 97 5.371 81,568 121,004 331,056 88 11,766 22.543 195 3,550 3,325 3,193.677 49.868 500 262,291 48 52,367 27 40,888 510 123,940 19,998 855,883 19 2,948 10,766 217 492,857 65 59,079 20 143,865 144.645 2,700,922 315,081 397,108 1,133,321 3,014,319 4,469 3,254.755 $ c. 47,475 45 « c. 17,357 40 $ c. 135,046 10 $ c. 15.754 05 $ c. 27,797 56 $ c. 45.332 84 $ c. 120,572 76 $ c. 7.150 40 $ $ c. 130.190 20 $ c. 2,886,398 76 24 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 Comparative Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of Ontario according to Districts. 1922 lbs. 1923 lbs. Increase lbs. Decrease lbs. Kenora and Rainy River Districts: Whitefish, fresh Trout, fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon Perch Tullibee Carp Mixed and Coarse Caviare Pickerel (Blue) 590,249 87,783 488,360 1,041,601 4,169 15,220 130,774 2,640 148,514 136 3,600 603,612 73,044 455,191 1,151,748 14,023 4,684 111,692 13,814 131,267 543 3,835 13.363 110,147 9,854 14,739 33,169 11,174 10,536 19,082 407 235 17,247 Total , 2,513,046 2,563,453 50,407 (net increase) Lake Superior: Herring, salted . . . . Herring, fresh Whitefish, salted. . Whitefish, fresh. . . Trout, salted Trout, fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) . . . Sturgeon Perch Tullibee Carp Mixed and Coarse. Caviare Pickerel (Blue) . . . . 27,500 577,065 840 1,198,100 11,723 1,872,321 30,298 164,192 23,065 162 78 7,187 113,372 86 250 18,000 1,078,958 1,000 1,267,377 2,340 1,956,211 22,809 158,705 27,238 600 4,732 49,665 10 501,893 160 69,277 9,500 9.383 83,890 4,173 ' 522 7,489 5,487 162 2,455 63,707 76 250 Total . 4,026,239 4,587,645 561,406 (net increase) Lake Huron (North Channel) : Herring, salted Herring, fresh Whitefish, salted Whitefish, fresh Trout, salted Trout, fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon Eels Perch Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Caviare Total . 1,000 18,191 1,150 253,128 5,638 647,954 104,158 164,312 12,803 19,210 88 16,359 400,645 64 1,644,700 385 10,382 28 175,487 1,665 357,970 77,656 143,626 8,322 2 20,810 50 122 394,478 25 1,191,008 2 1,600 615 7,809 1,122 77,641 3,973 289,984 26,502 20,686 4,481 (net decrease) 38 16,237 6,167 39 453,692 1924 GAME AND FISHERIES 25 Comparative Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of Ontario according to Districts. — Continued 1922 lbs. 1923 lbs. Increase lbs. Decrease IbF. Georgian Bay: Herring, salted . . . . Herring, fresh Whitefish, salted. . WTiitefish, fresh. . . Trout, salted Trout, fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) . . . Sturgeon Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse. Cav'are 1,300 73,846 508 1,068,604, 10,250 1,434,831 107,662 121,592 3,499 2,147 75,027 5,361 50,442 87,755 334 1,140 71,314 825 1,213.681 9,935 1,344,676 105,897 120,318 5,371 3,615 81,568 7,300 52,303 51,548 345 317 145,077 160 2,532 315 90,155 1.765 1,274 1,872 1,468 6,541 1,939 1,861 11 36,207 Total , 3,043,158 3,069,836 26,678 (net increase) Lake Huron (Proper) Herring, salted. . . . Herring, fresh Whitefish, salted. . WTiitefish, fresh. . . Trout, salted Trout, fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore). . . Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse. Caviare Pickerel (Blue) Total 3,300 177,171 900 67,211 20,804 1,686,451 5,084 160,299 10,451 126,327 131,508 1,255 3,140 113,664 634 10,969 4.000 147,583 1,000 127,909 9,848 1,694.660 13,505 219,133 11,766 195 118,022 121,004 399 6,474 101,494 927 3,550 2,519,168 2,581,469 700 100 60,698 8,209 8,421 58,834 1,315 195 29,588 10,956 8,305 10,504 856 3,334 "293 12,170 ' 7,419 62,301 (net increase) Lake St. Clair: Whitefish, fresh. . . Pike Pickerel (Dore) . . . Sturgeon Perch Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse. Caviare Pickerel (Blue) Total 3,570 25,136 57,138 8,169 96,185 31,839 313,266 461,477 296 2,400 999,476 2,140 22,941 72,431 22,543 56,773 43,228 304,871 351,786 700 3,325 880,738 15,293 14,374 1.430 2.195 11,389 39,412 404 925 (net decrease) 8,395 109,691 118.738 26 THE REPORT UPON No. 14 Comparative Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of Ontario according to Districts.- — Continued. 1922 lbs. 1923 lbs. Increase lbs. Decrease lbs. Lake Erie: Herring, fresh Whitefish, salted. . Whitefish, fresh . . . Trout, fresh Pike Pickerel Sturgeon Eels Perch Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse. Caviare Pickerel (Blue) . . . . 6,306.318 454 751,270 526 143,736 505,070 36,359 7 2,109,027 58,321 233,926 1,227,170 1,467 6,312,589 9,241,118 2,934.800 536,123 239 129,585 602,564 40,888 510 2,396,778 57,765 286,319 1,286,587 1,837 3,193,677 97,494 4,529 503 287,751 454 215,147 287 14,151 556 52,393 59,417 370 3,118,912 Total . 17,686,240 17,773,990 87,750 (net increase) Lake Ontario: Herring, salted. . . . Herring, fresh Whitefish, salted. . Whitefish, fresh . . . Trout, salted Trout, fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) . . . Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse. Caviare Pickerel (Blue).... 3,222 342,608 1,796 2,096,619 955 720,894 250,225 116,230 1,660 146,846 74,032 177,776 121,004 448,628 28,706 6,427 249,635 2,350 2,563,764 6,169 748,781 280,800 167,985 2,948 123,940 82,703 217 180,761 102,989 377,544 56 49,868 3,205 554 467,145 5,214 27,887 30,575 51,755 1,288 92,973 22,906 8,671 217 2,985 18,015 71,084 56 21,162 Total , 4,531,201 4,946,937 415,736 (net increase) Inland Waters: Herring, fresh Whitefish, salted. . Whitefish, fresh. . . Trout, fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore).. . . Sturgeon Eels Perch Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse. Caviare Pickerel (Blue) . . . . 12,008 700 44,636 43,165 105,170 54,563 11,776 24,192 25,004 108,639 312,500 316,430 6 7,370 940 25,872 34,814 87,846 54,685 10,766 19,998 17,537 107,605 361,697 269,950 26 500 240 4,638 18,764 8,351 17,324 122 49,197 1,010 4,194 7,467 1,034 46,480 20 500 Total . 1,058,789 999,606 (net decrease) 59,183 1924 GAME AND FISHERIES 27 Comparative Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of Ontario. 1922 lbs. 1923 lbs. Increase lbs. Decrease lbs. Herring, salted. . . Herring, fresh .... Whitefish, salted. . Whitefish, fresh. . Trout, salted Trout, fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore) . . , Sturgeon Eels Perch TuUibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Caviare Pickerel (Blue) . . . Total 36 507 6 ,073 49 ,493 259 384 111 171 ,467 337 383 ,060 ,317 3 ,358 322 207 348 387 370 ,925 ,829 ,997 ,951 ,045 ,314 ,387 ,279 ,464 655 ,023 ,514 29,952 10,806,360 6,143 6,515,965 29,957 6.210,395 1,196,230 2,691,195 143.865 144,645 2,700,922 315,081 397,108 1,133,321 3,014,319 4,469 3,254,755 3,299,153 442,578 306,198 31,914 233,608 13,829 72,857 1,446 6,370 "205 19,413 283,530 63,599 26,400 22,306 303,336 '3,103,759 38,022,017 38,594,682 572,665 (net increase) Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of Ontario for the Year 1923, as furnished by the Fishermen's Annual Returns. Kind of Fish. Quantitv lbs. Price per lb. \'alue Herring, salted. . . Herring, fresh. . . . Whitefish, salted. . Whitefish, fresh. . . Trout, salted Trout, fresh Pike Pickerel (Dore). . . Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Caviare Pickerel (Blue)... Total 29,952 10,806,360 6,143 6,515,965 29,957 6,210,395 1,196,230 2,691,195 143,865 144,645 2,700,922 315,081 397,108 1,133,321 3,014,319 4,469 3,254,755 c. 06 04 12 12 11 11 05 14 33 12 05 05 07 04 04 60 04 S c. 1,797 12 432,254 40 737 16 781,915 80 3,295 27 683,143 45 59,811 50 376,767 30 47,475 45 17,357 40 135,046 10 15,754 05 27,797 56 45,332 84 120.572 76 7,150 40 130,190 20 38,594,682 2,886,398 76 28 THE REPORT UPON GAME AND FISHERIES No. 14 Value of Ontario Fisheries for a Period of Twenty Years, 1904 to 1923 inclusive. Year Value $ c. 1904 1,793,524 00 1905 1,708,963 00 1906 1,734,865 00 1907 1,935,024 90 1908 2,100,078 63 1909 2,237,544 41 1910 2,348,269 57 1911 2,419,178 21 1912 2,842,877 09 1913 2,674,686 76 Year Value $ c. 1914 2,755,293 11 1915 3,341,181 41 1916 2,658,993 43 1917 2,866,424 00 1918 3,175,110 32 1919 2,721,440 24 1920 2,691,093 74 1921 2,656,775 82 1922 2,807,525 21 1923 2,886,398 76 Statement of the Equipment and its Value used in the Fishing Industry of the Province OF Ontario, During the Year 1923. Value Tugs (2,480 tons) Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Gill Nets (6,018,801 yards) Seine Nets (25,759 yards). Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Baited Hooks Spears Freezers and Ice Houses.. . Piers and Wharves 546,722 00 493,626 00 65,063 00 662,334 00 20,816 00 644,591 00 41,065 00 475 00 5,813 00 868 00 235,113 00 90,882 00 2,807,368 00 Number of men employed on Tugs 537 Number of men employed on Gasoline Launches 1,705 Number of men employed on Sail or Row Boats 1,500 3.742 Eighteenth Annual Report OF THE GAME AND FISHERIES DEPARTMENT ♦ 1924 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO TORONTO Printed and Published by Clarkson W. James, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty 19 2 5 To His Honour Hexry Cockshutt, Esq., Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario. May It Please Your Honour: I have the honour to submit herewith, for the information of Your Honour and the Legislative Assembly, the Eighteenth Annual Report of the Game and Fisheries Department of this Province. I have the honour to be ^'our Honour's most obedient servant, Charles McCrea, Minister of Mines. Toronto, 1925. 12] EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Game and Fisheries Department of Ontario To THE Honourable Charles McCrea, Minister of Mines. Sir: — I have the honour to place before you the Eighteenth Annual Report of the work of the Game and Fisheries Department for the fiscal year ending the 31st day of October, 1924. A gross revenue of $667,227.96 was received, while the expenditures totalled $336,826.96, so that a surplus of $330,401 was obtained. Comparative Statement of Revenue and Expenditure, 1916-1924 Inc., AS Shown in the Public Account. Revenue Expenditure Surplus 1916 $174,186 71 $157,681 94 v^ Sound: Magnetawan River . Ahmic Lake Wolf Lake Clear Lake Sugar Lake Sand Lake Big Clam Kate's Lake Spring Lake Maple Lake Pickerel River Martin's Lake Bacon Lake Three Mile Lake. .. Storm Lake Diamond Lake Pike Lake Chain of Lakes .... Eagle Lake Lake Bernard Trout Lake Bay Lake Round Lake Peterborough: Swamp Lake , Stoney Lake . Rainy River: Elbow Lake. Rainy Lake . Alwin Lake . . Renfrew: .^;Clear Lake Golden Lake . . . Chemaun Lake . Long Lake Bobs Lake Matthew Lake . F"ish Lake Whitefish Lake . Carson's Lake. . Gauldt's Lake. . Gun Lake Stringer's Lake, Sinicoe: Edward's Lake Quantity 10,000 30,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 10,000 20,000 100,000 100,000 .5, 10 10 50 20 20 10 5 20 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 30 25 10 5 5 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 000 ,000 000 ,000 000 000 000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 10,000 50,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10.000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Quantity 20,000 20,000 20,000 25,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 10.000 20,000 Thunder Bay: Lake Nipigon 1,000,000 Sudbury: Fairbanks Lake. Bell Lake Long Lake Ramsay Lake . . French River . . . Otter Lake Trout Lake .... Judd Lake Bigwood Lake. . Kashabowie Lake. Lake Shebandawan . Long Lake Little Long Lake. . . South Twin Lake . . Baril River Keemle Lake Lake Helen Hasel Lake 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 10,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 20,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 25,000 10,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 Wentworth: Lake Ontario 380,000 \ \ Pickerel. Addington: Cedar Lake 100,000 Beaver Lake 200,000 Sand Lake 100,000 Timiskaming: Kenogami Lake Twin Lakes Munro Lake Perry Lake Watabeag Lake Morgan Lake Grave Lake Three Nations Lake . Lake Timagami Frere Lake \'ictoria : Sturgeon Lake Balsam Lake Four Mile Lake Algoma: Lake La Cloche . Bruce: Shouldice Lake . Miller Lake . . . . Lake Chesley . . . 100,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 Durham: Scugog Lake 1,000,000 Rice Lake 500,000 Pigeon River 500,000 Frontcnac: Clear Lake 100,000 Cole's Lake 100,000 Crow Lake 100,000 Svdenham Lake 100,000 Bob's Lake 200,000 Green Bay Lake 100,000 Barr's Lake 100,000 Third Lake 100,000 Long Lake 200,000 14 THE REPORT UPON No. 13 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1924- -Continued Pickerel. Grey: McCaslin's Lake. Hastie's Lake.. . . Mountain Lake.. Lake Charles. . . . Lake Francis . . . . Sheppard's Lake. Stewart's Lake. . . Quantity 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 Grenville: Nation River 100,000 Glengarry: Lake St. Francis 300,000 St. Lawrence River 300,000 Ilaliburton: Cedar Lake 200,000 Devil's Lake 100,000 Hastings: ^/Crow Lake 200,000 ^^ Jarvis Lake 100,000 Salmon River 100,000 Crivyea Lake 100,000 Bass Lake 10,000 Gunter Lake 100,000 Lanark: Dalhousie Lake 200,000 Mississippi Lake 200,000 Black Lake 100,000 ^TWhite Lake 100,000 ' ^Christie Lake . , 100,000 Mississippi River 100,000 Patterson Lake 100,000 Bennett's Lake 100,000 Leeds \ Charleston Lake 500,000 Sand Lake 50,000 Opinicon Lake 100,000 Bass Lake 100,000 Little Lake 50,000 Middlesex: Thames River 100,000 Clark's Mill Pond 100,000 Pond Mills 100,000 Muskoka: Lake Muskoka 1,000,000 Lake Joseph 1,000,000 Lake of Bays 1,000,000 Lake Rosseau 1,000,000 Sparrow Lake 1,000,000 Clearwater Lake 100,000 Muldrew Lake 100,000 Long Lake 100,000 Helve Lake 100,000 Deer Lake 100,000 Nipissing: Lake Nipissing 700,000 Green Lake 100,000 Trout Lake 100,000 Norfolk: Lake Erie 950,000 Northumberland: Coal Creek 100,000 Codrington Stream 50,000 Oxford: Maplehurst Lake . Quantity 50,000 Parrv Sound: Magnetawan River 100,000 Ahmic Lake 100,000 Wolf Lake 100,000 Star Lake 100,000 Pickerel Lake 150,000 Cecebe Lake 100,000 Eagle Lake 100,000 Doe Lake 100,000 Owl Lake 50,000 Stuart's Lake 50,000 Goo.se Lake 100,000 Whitestone Lake 200,000 Isabella Lake 100,000 KasheeLake 100,000 Bay Lake 100,000 Key Lake 100,000 Compass Lake 100,000 Georgian Bay 100,000 Prince Edward: Consecon Lake 100,000 East Lake 100,000 Bay of Quinte 40,040,000 South Bay 500,000 Peterborough: Stoney Lake 250,000 Clear Lake 250,000 Belmont Lake 100,000 Chemong Lake 500,000 Gull Lake 100,000 Loon Lake 100,000 Otonabee River 100,000 Rainy River: Rainy Lake 13,950,000 Ren f rev/: Golden Lake 100,000 .; Petawawa River 100,000 ^/Murphy's Lake 100,000 Simcoe: Bass Lake 100,000 Lake Couchiching 700,000 Severn River 500,000 Edward's Lake 300,000 First Lake 100,000 Sudburv: French River 200,000 Apsev Lake 200,000 SkillLake 100,000 Rock Lake 150,000 Timiskaming: Three Nations Lake 50,000 Lake Timiskaming 250,000 Round Lake 100,000 Lake Abitibi 250,000 Commando Lake 50,000 Menan Lake 50,000 Painkiller Lake 100,000 Sanborn Lake 100,000 Victoria: Sturgeon Lake 500,000 Cameron Lake 500,000 Balsam Lake 500,000 Mud Lake 100,000 Trent Canal 50,000 1925 GAME AND FISHERIES 15 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN l9H—Conti7tued Pickerel. Waterloo: Quantity Sunfish Lake 100,000 Grand River 100,000 Wentworth: Hamilton Bay 300,000 York: Lake Simcoe 1,000,000 Shadow Lake 100,000 Bond Lake 100,000 Whitefish Algoma: Lake Superior 54,825,000 North Channel 29,500,000 Kenora : Upper Manitou Lake 500,000 Lake Wabigoon 2,000,000 Pelican Lake 5,000,000 Norfolk: Lake Erie 115,469,000 Prince Edward: Bay of Quinte 126,000,000 Rainy River: Elbow Lake 500,000 Baril Lake 500,000 Rainy Lake 39,675,000 Little Turtle Lake 500,000 Abwin Lake 500,000 Thunder Bay: Lake Nipigon Kashabowie Lake. . Lake Shebandawan Long Lake Little Long Lake . . . Lake Helen Timiskaming: Lake Timiskaming. Lake Abitibi Wentworth: Lake Ontario. Norfolk: Lake Erie , Herring Prince Edward: Bay of Quinte . Wentworth: Lake Ontario . Rainbow Trout Sudbury: Wahnapitae River Thunder Bay: Lac-Des-Mille-Lacs . Quantitv 10,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 500,000 500,000 46,500,000 11,975,000 3,500,000 17,000,000 10,000 5,000 SUMMARY Quantity Small-mouthed Black Bass Fry and Fingerlings 338,000 Parent Small-mouthed Black Bass 1,111 Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings 1,898,500 Salmon Trout Frv 7,801,000 Pickerel Frv • 80,250,000 Whitefish Fry 437,469,000 Herring Fry 32,475,000 Rainbow Trout 15,000 Total 560,247,611 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF DISTRIBUTION Small-mouthed Black Bass Fry and Fingerlings. Parent Sm:ill-mouthed Black Bass Speckled Trout Salmon Trout Pickerel Whitefish Herring Rainbow Trout Steel Head Salmon Total all species 1922 613,500 937 2,184.075 7.815,000 43,510,000 189,775,000 26,250,000 21,000 5,300 1923 785,000 997 2,328,800 12,410,100 36,140,000 264,400,000 24,000,000 1,100 1924 338,000 1,111 1,898,500 7,801,000 80,250,000 437,469,000 32,475,000 15,000 270,174,812 340,065,997 560,247,611 16 THE REPORT UPON No. 13 GAME AND FISHERIES Recapitulation of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tugs, vessels and boats, industry during Districts Fishing ma terial Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Gill-Nets No. Ton- nage Value Men No. Value Men No. Value Men Yards Value 1 Kenora and Rainy River Dis- tricts, including Lake of 3 12 5 20 17 55 294 101 464 363 S 9,700 50,500 23,500 165,200 86,915 8 73 21 98 88 118 38 33 115 71 51 135 357 57 S 51,600 14,610 21,215 89,790 41.300 18,760 124,500 141,140 28,410 194 63 53 218 136 73 354 648 115 75 66 51 83 43 88 196 372 203 $ 3,187 5,105 3,380 5,695 3,495 5.125 19,900 19,124 7,590 47 108 35 180 85 134 242 571 435 256,582 766,613 176,975 1,136,202 977,570 $ 37,383 66,840 16,301 115,824 104,925 7 3 4 North Cliannel (Lake Huron) Georgian Bay 5 6 Lake Huron (Proper) Lake St. Clair, St. Clair River and Detroit River 7 Lake Erie, including Upper 37 1.013 278,500 241 1,319,616 1,679,528 189,650 151,031 155 139 8 Lake Ontario, including Low- er Niagara and St. Law- rence River 9 Inland Waters, including Lake Nipigon, Lake Nipis- sing. Lake Simcoe and Ottawa River . . . 9 149 34,500 47 24 709 103 2.439 648,815 576 975 531.325 1,854 1.177 72,601 1,837 6.502,736 671,652 Recapitulation of the kinds, quantities and Districts Kenora and Rainy River Districts, in- cluding Lake of The Woods Lake Superior North Channel (Lake Huron) Georgian Bay Lake Huron (Proper) St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair and Detroit River Lake Erie, including Upper Niagara River Lake Ontario, including Lower Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers Inland Waters, including Lake Nipigon, Lake Nipissing, Lake Simcoe and Ottawa River Totals. Values . Herring 1,049,573 7,428 37,522 210,185 300 10,907,928 263,135 25,262 12,501.333 $ c 500.053 32 Whitefish lbs. 735,380 282,806 200,023 1,082,546 193,122 1,150 580.356 2,653,810 962,567 6,691,760 Trout lbs. 86,351 l,flll,028 382,719 1,534,986 1,872,077 511 938,994 355,476 6,882.142 $ c. 757.035 62 Pike lbs. 602,703 19,480 90,887 100,191 3,898 23,237 71,696 255,982 125.262 1.293.336 Pickerel (Dore) lbs. 1,398,444 81,167 207,619 116,095 178,734 67,026 614,821 121,604 179,082 2,964,592 S c. 415,042 88 Sturgeon lbs. 43,100 3,677 9,353 5,298 7,532 18.591 43,778 6,541 143,285 92,781 15 1925 GAME AND FISHERIES 17 DEPARTMENT, ONTARIO the quantity and value of all fishing materials and other fixtures employed in the fishing the year 1924. Fishin g material Other fixtures fishing. used in Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves Ko. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No. Value $ 72 56 107 86 103 220 642 S 19,405 26,350 48,650 55,350 63,250 26,800 385,400 35 S 1,630 S $ $ 94 17 33 37 41 42 107 80 66 $ 35,385 12,500 9,120 20,505 9,735 13,025 127,365 13,235 12,961 64 23 28 39 23 24 55 40 26 $ 11,150 500 25 10,200 24 40 2 2 62 812 279 2,750 920 100 60 1,673 27,527 10,450 12,595 11 1,125 100 8,630 12,481 1,529 5,402 680 50 6,325 9,278 1,761 8.102 31.246 5.067 5.600 7,090 23,632 5,550 3,771 455 332 501 1,059 193 6 19 13,850 1 7 24 8,630 47 8.925 SI 10 7 46 70 362 384 24,535 28 6,975 70 37 12,100 120 857 3,615 208 29,267 26,196 1,323 637,305 1,256 45,110 70 840 78,685 6,336 126 876 517 253,831 322 100,475 values of fish caught during the year 1924 Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Fish Caviare Pickerel (Blue) Total Production Value lbs. lbs. 9,862 57 12,369 3,151 92,857 101,311 2,191,730 79,963 24,532 lbs. 255,373 959 404 95,897 144,715 lbs. lbs. 14,484 1,974 1,213 45,759 3,486 376,927 288,598 78,464 301,404 lbs. 207.999 65.133 lbs. 1.397 lbs. 3.902 lbs. 3,358,995 3,215,854 1,373,624 3,108,798 2,781,026 1,013,139 18,977,289 5,183.006 2,720,933 S c. 362,436 87 280,418 59 500 5.764 506 39,978 57,199 161,766 107,148 460,970 79,590 73,263 371,.?06 1,231,170 446.523 465.636 139 289 651 413 1.381 47 1,213 122.479 84 1.710 334.166 69 281,239 31 12,900 2,988,097 47,801 5,688 55,800 65 24 906,240 04 1^8 376 517,967 74 21.343 3,035 278,529 30 149.743 2,515,832 500,383 372,861 1.112,309 3.401.590 5,530 3,060.098 41,732,664 S c. 17.969 16 S c. 125.791 60 S c. 25.019 15 $ c. 26.100 27 $ c. 44.492 36 S c. 136.063 60 S c. 8.848 00 S c. 122.403 92 S c. 3,139,279 03 18 THE REPORT UPON No. 13 A Comparative Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of Ontario Kind of Fish 1923 lbs. 1924 lbs. Increase lbs. Decrease lbs. Herring Whitefish Trout Pike Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Coarse fish .... Caviare Pickerel (Blue) , Totals 10,836,312 6,522,108 6,240,352 1,196,230 2,691,195 143,865 144,645 2,700,922 315,081 397,108 1,133,321 3,014,319 4,469 3,254,755 12,501,333 6,691,760 6,882,142 1,293,336 2,964,592 281,155 149,743 2,515,832 500,383 372,861 1,112,309 3,401,590 5,530 3,060,098 1,665,021 169,652 641,790 97,106 273,397 137,290 5,098 185,302 387,271 1,061 185,090 24,247 21,012 194.657 38,594,682 41,732.664 3,137,982 (net increase) Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of Ontario for the Year 1924 AS Furnished by the Fishermen's Annual Returns Kind of Fish Quantity Price per lb. Values Herring 12,501,333 6,691,760 6,882,142 1,293,336 2,964,592 281,155 149,743 2,515,832 500,383 372,861 1,112,309 3,401,590 5,530 3,060,098 $ c. 04 12 11 05 14 33 12 05 05 07 04 04 1 60 04 S c. 500,053 32 Whitefish 803,011 20 Trout 757,035 62 Pike 64,666 80 Pickerel (Dore) 415,042 88 Sturgeon .... . . 92,781 15 Eels 17,969 16 Perch . . . 125,791 60 Tullibee » 25,019 15 Catfish 26,100 27 Caro 44,492 36 Coarse fish 136,063 60 Caviare 8,848 00 Pickerel (Blue) 122,403 92 Total 41,732,664 3,139,279 03 V^ALUE OF Ontario Fisheries for a Period of Twenty Years, 1905 to 1924 Inclusive Year Vail 1905 1,708,963 00 1906 1,734,865 00 1907 1,935,024 90 1908 2,100,078 63 1909 2,237,544 41 1910 2,348,269 57 1911 2,419,178 21 1912 2,842,877 09 1913 2,674,686 76 1914 2,755,293 11 Year Value 1915 3,341,181 41 1916 2,658,993 43 1917 2,866,424 00 1918 3,175,110 32 1919 2,721,440 24 1920 2,691,093 74 1921 2,656,775 82 1922 2,807,525 21 1923 2,836,398 76 1924 3,139,279 03 1925 GAME AND FISHERIES 19 Statement of the Equipment and its \'alue, Used in the Fishing Industry of the Province OF Ontario, During the Year 1924 \'alues Tugs (2,439 tons) Gasoline Boats Sail or Row Boats Gill nets (6,502,736 yards), Seine Nets (29,267 yards) . Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Baited Hooks Spears Freezers and Ice Houses. . Piers and Wharves S c. 103 648,815 00 975 531,325 00 1,177 72,601 00 671,652 00 208 26,196 00 1,323 637.305 00 1,256 45,110 00 70 840 00 78,685 6,336 00 126 876 00 517 253,831 00 322 100,475 00 Number of men employed on tugs 576 Number of men employed on gasoline boats 1,854 Number of men employed on sail or row boats 1,837 Total number of men employed ^ 4,267 Nineteenth Annual Report OF THE GAME AND FISHERIES DEPARTMENT 1925 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO ONTARIO TORONTO Printed and Published by Clarkson W. James, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty 19 2 6 To His Honour Hexry Cockshutt, Esq., Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario. May It Please Your Hoxour: I have the honour to sobmit herewith, for the information of Your Honour and the Legislative Assembly, the Nineteenth Annual Report of the Game and Fisheries Department of this Province. I have the honour to be Your Honour's most obedient servant, Charles McCrea, Minister of Alines. Toronto, 1926. [2] NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Game and Fisheries Department of Ontario To THE Honourable Charles McCrea, Minister of Mines. Sir: — I have the honour of placing before you the Nineteenth Annual Report of the work of the Game and Fisheries Department for the fiscal year ending on October 31st, 1925. Revenue A gross revenue of 8709,455.73 was received and expenditures made of 8354,736.09, leaving a net surplus for the year of 8354,719.64. The revenue for the year was the second largest in the Department's history, and exceeded the previous year by 842,227.77. C0MP.A.RATIVE Statement of Revenue and Expenditure, 1923-1925 Inclusive, AS Shown in the Public Accounts Revenue Expenditure Surplus 1923 $521, US 08 8391,422 19 S229.725 89 1924 667,227 96 336,826 96 330,401 00 1925 709,455 73 354.736 09 354,719 64 In addition to the general expenditures, the administration of the Wolf Bounty Act comes under the Department's control, and bounties were paid for the year as follows: Wolf bounties 825,465 62 For comparative purposes, the revenue received from Game and Fish for the past two years were as follows: 1924 1925 Revenue from game 8372,142 54 8402.314 19 830,171 65— Inc. Revenue from fish 295,085 42 307,14154 12,056 12— Inc. In a previous report attention was drawn to the steady increase of revenue from the sale of Angling Licenses which now totals 8128,115.00, and for the first time has exceeded the license fees received from the entire commercial fisheries of the Province. Statistics The statistics accompanying this report will show in detail the kinds, quantities and values of commercial fish, also the varieties, quantities and locations of fry and fingerlings distributed from Provincial Hatcheries, together with other statistics pertaining to the fur trade, as well as other branches of the Department. All of which has been carefully prepared and affords interesting and valuable information. [3] THE REPORT UPON No. 9 1923 1924 1925 6,018,801 6,502,736 6,877,398 172 208 139 1,265 1,323 1,334 1,263 1,256 1,195 36 70 43 125 126 144 71,336 78,685 98,607 3,742 4,267 4,263 100 103 112 894 975 1,018 1,080 1,177 1,086 $2,807,368 00 $2,995,362 00 $3,235,510 00 38,594,682 41,732,664 34,385,335 $2,886,398 76 $3,139,279 03 $2,858,854 79 Angling . Fish The statistics of the commercial fisheries of the Province are shown in comparison as follows: — Gill nets licensed (yards) . . . Seines " Pound nets " Hoop nets " Dip and roll nets licensed Spears " Hooks " . Number of men employed Number of tugs Number of gasoline boats Number of sail or row boats Value of boats, ice-houses, wharves and twine Aggregate catch in pounds Value to fishermen There was an unusual demand for non-resident Anghng Licenses this year, and for a number of years a steady increase in revenue from this source has taken place, as will be shown by the following comparisons: — 1922 1923 1924 1925 Revenue from Angling Licenses. $63,132 00 $77,856 75 $105,862 50 $128,115 00 Although game fishing is reported as good in various parts of the Province, it can be readily seen that the yearly toll is fast increasing and places a demand on the hatcheries that will require the maximum production to maintain a supply that will satisfy the steadily increasing resident and non-resident anglers. Hatcheries Elsewhere in this report will be found in detail the quantities and varieties of fry and fingerlings placed in various waters of the Province from hatcheries located at Mount Pleasant, Glenora, Sault Ste. Marie, Normandale, Port Carling, Port Arthur and Fort Frances, and for comparative purposes with the previous year, the following figures show a summary of total distribution: — Whitefish Fry Pickerel Fry Salmon Trout Fingerlings and Fry Herring Fry Rainbow Trout Fry and Fingerlings Speckled Trout Fingerlings and Fry Black Bass Fingerlings and Fry Parent Black Bass 340,065,997 560,247,611 348,191,736 The public are demanding every year a distribution of fry and fingerlings much in excess of the possible supply obtainable from the Provincial Hatcheries, and this is particularly so in regard to Game Fish. The distribution of small- mouthed black bass is made from fry and fingerlings obtained by placing parent fish in artificial ponds, but as this was an abnormal season and the weather unusually cold, the hatch of small-mouthed black bass resulted in a total failure, and all applicants for such fry and fingerlings were disappointed. In order 1923 1924 1925 264,400,000 437,469,000 246,125,500 36,140,000 80,250,000 49,015,000 12,410,100 7,801,000 7,320,425 24,000,000 32,475,000 45,050,500 1,100 15,000 3,000 2,328,800 1,898,500 676,700 785,000 338,000 Nil 997 1,111 611 1926 GAME AND FISHERIES 5 that a greater and more dependable supply of speckled trout can be obtained, the Department has commenced work on Normandale Creek, where ponds and other facilities are being constructed, and from satisfactory results so far obtained, it would appear to fully warrant the expenditure undertaken. From fry placed in these waters in the spring of 1924, the Department has now a quantity of strong, healthy fish measuring from 6 inches to 10 inches, and it is anticipated that three-quarters of a million speckled trout spawn will be obtain- able during the fall collection. This result is beyond our earlier expectations, and many million of spawn should be collectable from these waters when fully developed. Game Preserves The propagation of English Ring-necked Pheasants was again successfully carried on at the Eugenia Crown Game Preserve. A number of small areas were created as Crown Game Preserves during the year, as well as the large game preserve known as "The Chapleau Game Preserve," located west and north of Chapleau, and such preserve contains approximately 2,850 square miles. This has been advocated by the Department for a number of years, and with proper administration will prove of great value in conserving both fish and game in that district, as well as provide an attraction for the tourist. During the year considerable wild rice seed was planted in public waters throughout the Province, and from reports obtained the planting from previous years has been successful in improving depleted rice beds and in establishing new rice beds as feeding grounds for wild life. Game Deer and Moose. — Big game continues to be plentiful, and another success- ful hunting season has been reported. For comparative purposes the following figures show the number of hunting licenses issued for the past five years: — Resident Moose Resident Deer Non-resident Hunting. . . Ruffed Grouse {Partridge) .—The scarcity of these game birds warranted a continued close season for the year, and they are reported as being very scarce particularly in the northwesterly part of the Province. Sharp-tailed Grouse or Prairie Hen are now quite well established in the District of Thunder Bay and west thereof. Quail are not found in any great numbers except in the southwest part of the Province where conditions warranted an open season of three days in the Counties of Essex and Kent. Pheasants are now reported in a large number of counties, but not in large numbers, except in the Counties of Lincoln and Welland, where conditions warranted an open season for one day for a limited number of male birds. Ducks and Geese continue to be plentiful. Furs The value of the pelts on which royalty was paid during the year is in excess of the previous year, although the number of pelts is somewhat lower. Beaver show a further decline, although not nearly as great a decline as for the preceding year. 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1,989 1,584 1,098 1,385 1,291 18,689 20,504 17,877 19,517 17,034 950 1,256 1,247 1,651 1,581 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 Otter show a steady catch for a number of years. Mink show a much smaller catch than last year. Marten and Fisher are becoming scarcer each year. Muskrat show a steady catch for a number of years. Comparison of Pelts Exported and Tanned for Five Years 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 Beaver 95,479 93,971 70,684 50,233 48,364 Otter 4,759 5,309 3,997 5,096 4,522 Fisher 2,602 2,657 2,339 1,910 1,936 Marten 6,533 7,327 4,704 3,661 3.125 Mink 42,667 78,487 58,634 82,446 68,138 Muskrat 479,866 554,888 478,820 533,256 534,739 Bear 1,494 2,137 1,447 1,399 2,014 Fox (Cross) 287 469 1,154 1,082 2,601 Fox (Red) 5,282 11,272 12,329 14,695 22,198 Fox (Silver or Black) 153 87 205 167 433 Fox (White) 351 1,765 1,501 362 974 Fox (not specified) 23 170 34 28 61 Lynx 591 836 1,177 2,332 2,200 Raccoon 11,951 20,344 15,752 21,976 22,157 Skunk 47,121 73,219 54,770 58,130 67,100 Weasel 58,898 94,399 61,603 51,163 34,365 Wolverine 12 6 20 12 8 Total 762,069 947,343 769,070 827,948 814,935 To be added to the above are 1,134 ranch-raised fox pelts which were tanned or exported without payment of royalty, under the terms of Fur Farmers' Licenses. The value of pelts to the trapper shown for the year on above list is $3,383,- 060.57, and the Federal Statistics show Ontario to far exceed the fur production of any other Province. Fur Farming A continued interest is shown for information pertaining to Fur Farming, and a corresponding increase in licenses for the-year has resulted. 1922 1923 1924 1925 Fur Farmers' Licenses issued 141 284 392 624 Animals stocked on licensed farms: — 1922 1923 1924 1925 Beaver 4 2 10 29 Fisher 3 6 6 2 Fox (Cross) Fox (Red) Fox (Silver Black) Fox (Blue) Lynx Mink Muskrat Opossum Raccoon *. Skunk Bear Marten Total 1.805 3,277 7,056 13,936 270 361 386 459 206 323 347 725 1,088 2,171 3,006 4,940 40 2 2 2 2 94 73 97 136 163 2,904 7,182 6 50 130 149 306 82 46 136 100 11 13 2 1926 GAME AND FISHERIES 7 Enforcement of the Act The district wardens and officers in the outside service have enforced the provisions of the Act and Regulations to the best of their abiHty, and the follow- ing figures will be of interest: — Summary of Convictions and Fines Convictions reported 728 Fines collected $15,630 86 A great many articles were confiscated during the year, including: — 3,524 Pelts 15 Trap nets 1 Truck 18 Deer and Moose hides 47 Spears 2 Motor cars 24 Live animals 62 Rods and lines 13 Jack-lights & Lanterns 9,290 pounds fish 655 Traps 27 Deer 1,276 yards gill nets 181 Fire-arms 414 pounds venison 655 pieces gill nets 10 Gasoline boats 7 Moose 24 Dip nets 17 Row-boats 1,040 pounds Moose meat 11 Hoop nets 3 Canoes 24 Partridge 10 Seine nets 1 Steam tug 82 Ducks 5 Roll nets 6 Punts 6 Pheasants 102 Decoys All confiscations are sold at advertised sales by tender, other than such articles as are sold by the Department to the former owner, when circumstances warrant. Acknowledgments Before closing my report I must publicly express my appreciation for the assistance and support rendered to the Department during the year, not only for the loyalty of the staff of both the inside and outside service, but for the assistance of the transportation companies who helped our officers in their duties pertaining to the enforcement of the Act and with the distribution of fry, whether by baggage car or by the official car "Beaver." All statistics referred to will be found elsewhere in this report, together with many other statistics in detail. All of which is respectfully submitted. I am. Sir, Your obedient servant, D. McDonald, Deputy Minister of Game and Fisheries. THE REPORT UPON No. 9 REVENUE RECEIVED BY DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES DURING YEAR ENDING OCTOBER 31st, 1925 GAME Royalty $146,846 66 Trappers' Licenses 46,73 1 1 2 Non-resident Hunting Licenses 56,505 00 Deer Licenses 60,281 50 Moose Licenses < 6,669 50 Fur Dealers' Licenses 54,146 00 Fur Farmers' Licenses 3,280 00 Tanners' Licenses 190 00 Game Dealers' Licenses 496 00 Hotel and Restaurant Licenses, etc 431 00 Cold Storage Licenses 225 00 Guides' Licenses 3,087 50 Fines, Game and Fish 15,630 86 Sales 6,157 15 Commissions 1,636 90 FISHERIES Fishing Licenses $128,033 00 Royalty 39,189 13 Angling Licenses 128,115 00 Sales 6,708 61 Rentals 2,780 00 Miscellaneous 2,315 80 Total $402,314 19 $307,141 54 $709,455 73 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1925 Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings Algoma: Quantity Moose Lake Trout Lake Agawa Lake Mongoose Lake Spruce Lake Loon Lake Pine Lake Hobon Lake Alva Lake Hawk Lake Chippawa River Sand Lake and Creek. . Deer Lake Carpenter Lake Wartz Lake Lily Lake Island Lake Clearwater Creek Camp Lake Stream. . . . Speckled Trout Lake. . . Magpie River Little Groundhog River. John Creek Oba River Brant: Ausbrook Stream . Bruce: Vance Creek. . . . , Phillip's Creek . . Park Head Creek. 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 4,000 4,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 7,000 500 500 2,000 500 Bruce: Thomson's Creek Teeswater River. Hammond Creek. Wolf Creek Elphick's Creek . Plum Creek Unnamed Creek. . Judges Creek. . . . Kirklands Creek. Lang's Creek ... Bowles' Creek . . . Potter's Creek . . . Crawford Creek. . Coles Creek Durham: Canton Creek . . Tyrene Creek and Tributaries. Wilmot's Creek Dick William's Creek Britain Creek Haydon Creek Wilson's Creek Smith Creek Spring Creek Cedarvale Creek Mountjoy's Creek Steven's Creek Bees Creek Bell Hill Stream . . Kendal Creek and Tributaries. McKindley's Creek Robinson's Creek Quantity 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1,500 4,500 1,500 500 1,500 4,500 3,000 1,500 400 1,500 4,500 3,000 1,500 1,500 7,500 1,500 1,500 1926 GAME AND FISHERIES WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1925— Continued Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings Durham — Continued Walter's Creek Liskard Creek English Creek Millbrook Pond Mastwood's Creek Nichol's Creek Langstaff Creek Gibson Creek Little's Creek Brimacombe Creek Community Park Stream. Pasture Creek Orono Creek Falls Creek Clarke East Creek Squirrel Creek McMillan's Creek Austin's Creek Bran's Creek Crossland's Creek Muldune Creek Moore's Creek Elizabethville Creek Sowdon's Creek DeLong Creek Perry town Creek Caldwell Creek Patterson's Creek Ball Creek Q Dufferin: Funston's River . . . . Spitting John River. Cross River Unnamed Creeks. . . . Elgin: Stanley Creek. Frontenac: Trout Lake Creek. Eagle Creek Grey: Bell Lake Saugeen River. . . . Silver Creek Lawrence Creek. . Styx River Weidendorf Creek. Bontick Creek. . . . Huron: Stoltz Creek Nine Mile River. . . Raus Creek Johnston's Creek . . Blythe Creek Wright's Creek . . . . Bells Creek Bridgewater Creek. Scotts Creek uantity 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 3,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 500 400 500 500 500 500 Halton: Twelve Mile Creek. 500 1,500 1.500 500 5,500 2,000 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 Hastings: Deer River Rawdon Creek. . . Unnamed Creeks. Gowdy Creek Lanark: Pauls Creek Allan's Brook . . . . Jims Creek Grant's Creek . . . . Middlesex: Duncrief's Creek. . River Wye Crow Creek Aux Sauble River. Dettv Creek Manitoulin: Mindemeya River. Muskoka : Muskoka River.. . White Lake Chub Lake Wasoca Lake Harp Lake Menominee Lake. Chisholm's Lake . . Pages Lake Spring Lake McMaster Lake. ., Echo Lake Nipissing: Four Mile Creek. North River Norfolk: Patterson's Creek . . Kent Creek. ...... North Creek Venison Creek St. William's Creek Outlet Stream Big Creek Deer Lick Dowger Creek Northumberland: Woodland Creek. . . Mutton's Creek . . . Allen's Creek West Creek Tweedle's Creek . . Dark Creek Harper's Creek . . . I iopkins' Creek . . . Burnley Creek Russ Creek Camborne Creek. . Smylie's Creek ... Philip's Creek .... Warren's Creek . . . Forestell's Creek . . Dumbel Mill Pond Davey's Creek . . . . Harris' Creek Quantity 3,000 4,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 500 500 1,000 500 500 2,000 4,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,500 2,500 1,000 500 400 400 500 500 400 500 500 ,500 ,000 ,500 ,500 ,500 ,500 ,500 ,500 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,500 ,000 ,500 ,500 500 000 500 10 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1925— Continued Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings Continued Northumberland- Ingram's Creek Braden Creek Cobourg Creek Staple's Creek Standley Farm Creek Bellyon Creek Hardy's Creek Durran's Creek Trent Bridge Creek. . Oxford : Unnamed Creeks. . . . Wright's Creek Whiting Creek Five Points Creek . . Quan 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Parry Sound: Magnetawan River Bolger Lake Tributaries. Sword's Creek Rouches' Lake Black Creek Lake Bernard Inlet Pool Lake Outlet Genesse Creek Peterboro: Ouse Creek Leary's Creek . . . Dixon's Creek . . . Best's Creek .... Jamieson's Creek Sunset Creek. . . . Little Ouse Peel: Credit River and Tributaries. Cold Creek H umber River Renfrew: Brindle's Creek. Simcoe: Mad River Boyne River Coldwater River. . . . Sturgeon River Noisy River Nottawasaga River. Batteau Creek Pretty Rivers Black Ash Creek. . . O'Neil's Creek .... Pilon Creek Port Racheal Creek. Wilson's Creek .... Bear Creek Painswick Creek. . . Rooker Creek Hukling Creek Rose Creek Big Creek tity ,500 ,500 ,500 ,500 ,500 ,500 ,500 ,500 ,500 Sudbury: Onaping River. Emery Creek. . 2,000 500 500 500 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2.000 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,900 500 1,500 3, "000 500 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 4,000 2,000 2,000 5,000 5,000 Sudbury — Continued Rapid River Post River Rock Lake Junction Creek McKinn. Veuve Creek Ashgaming Lake Three Mile Creek Thunder Pay: Allen Lake Kashabowie Lake. Long Lake Moose Lake McKenzie River. . Lake Wideman . . . Lower Twin Lake. Upper Twin Lake. Silver Lake North Branch. . . . Mclntyre Creek. . Rees Lake Steel River Nipigon River. . . . Stewart Lake Eraser Creek Gravel River Deception Lake. . , Anderson Lake. . . Caribou Lake Sunset Lake Cascade Stream . . McKenzie Lake. . Clegg Lake , Maud Lake Rapsay Lake. . . . McComb Lake. . . Franz Lake Tesky Lake. . ... Luck Lake Gagnon Lake Blacklock Lake. . Schreiber Lake. . . Wolf Lake Trowbridge Stream . Timiskaming: Mofifat Creek Waterloo: Erbsville Creek. . . . Hespeler Stream. . . Reist's Creek Grundig Dam Hamacher's Creek . Jantz Creek Cressman Dam. . . . Cedar Creek Beschardt Creek. . . Musselman's Creek Hamel Creek Gingrech Creek. . . . Sweitzers Creek. . . . Bamberg Creek. . . . Snider's Creek .... Bridgeport Creek. . Canagagigue Creek. Mickie's Creek .... Miller Creek Breslau Dam Quantity 5,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5 5, 5, 5 5 5 5 20 40 5 20 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 10 5 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 2.000 500 400 500 500 500 500 500 400 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1,000 500 500 500 1926 GAME AND FISHERIES 11 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1925- -Continued Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings Wentworth : Q' jantity Millgrove Creek 500 Gunbv Creek 500 Beverlev Creek 500 Strabane Creek . ^ ^ 500 Martin's Creek 500 Britton Creek 500 Binkley Creek 500 Wellington: Guelph Mill Creek 500 York: Glenville Pond 1,500 Salmon Trout Fry and Fingerlings Great Lakes: Quantity Lake Ontario 1,571,425 Addington: Bass Lake. Algoma: Trout Lake. . . Lake Superior. Ophir Lake. . . . Sand Lake. . . . Mitchell Lake. Island Lake. . . Oba Lake Lake Anjiganii. Hunter Lake. . Prontenac: Sharbot Lake Crow Lake Loughborough Lake. Trout Lake Haliburton: Kashamagamog Lake. Gull Lake Farquar Lake McFadden's Lake. . . . Otter Lake Hall's Lake Ross Lake Bow Lake Bare Lake Stormv Lake Wolf Lake Pine Lake Kinnisis Lake Paint Lake Kingscott Lake Haliburton Lake McClarence Lake. . . . Hastings: Long Lake Papineau Lake. . . . Westlemkoon Lake. Baptiste Lake Salmon Lake Wadsworth Lake . . . 15,000 25,000 200,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 50,000 25,000 25,000 50,000 25,000 50,000 50,000 15,000 20,000 15,000 20,000 15,000 30,000 15,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 15,000 15.000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 20,000 40,000 15,000 20,000 20,000 Kenora: Gun Lake Fox Lake Lake of the Woods. Eagle Lake Armstrong Lake. . . Lanark: Silver Lake Robertson's Lake. Pike Lake Leeds: Charleston Lake. Rideau Lakes. . . , Opinicon Lake. . . Crosby Lake. . . . Indian Lake Basin Lake Manitoulin: Lake Manitou . Muskoka: Lake of Bays. . Lake \'ernon. . Mary Lake. . . . Sparrow Lake. . Gull Lake Clear Lake. . . . Skeleton Lake. Walker's Lake. Buck Lake. . . . Near Cut Lake. Surprise Lake. . Lake Nipissing. Nipissing: Trout Lake. . . , Turtle Lake. . . Talon Lake. . . , Crooked Lake. , Lake Miron. . . Gilmour Lake. . Parry Sound: Long Lake Deer Lake Clear Lake Sugar Lake Sand Lake Home Lake Kate's Lake Spring Lake Maple Lake Braye Lake Eagle Lake Lake Bernard Round Lake Bittern Lake Peter's Lake Lynx Lake Bartlett's Lake Oliver Lake Paisle\' Lake Three Legged Lake. . . Ka-Wig-A-Mog Lake. Quantity 25,000 25,000 750,000 25,000 25,000 20,000 25,000 20,000 100,000 100,000 50,000 25,000 100,000 25,000 50,000 500,000 20,000 20,000 25,000 20,000 40,000 20,000 20,000 20.000 10,000 20,000 4,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 10,000 25,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 12 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1925- -Continued Salmon Trout Fry and Fingerlings Peterborough : Swamp Lake Upper Stoney Lake. Thunder Bay: Baril Lake Rainy River: Bad \'ermillion Lake. Renfrew: Muskrat Lake Carson's Lake Rough Lake Trout Lake Simcoe: Edward's Lake. Sudbury: Trout Lake. . . Ramsay Lake. . Bass Lake Richard Lake. . Boland Lake. . , Thunder Bay: Lake Xipigon Kashabowie Lake. . Lake Shebandawin. Lac Des iVIille Lacs. Lake Hellen Timiskaming: Kenogami Lake. Twin Lakes. . . . Free Lake Lake Temagami. Kirkland Lake. . Crystal Lake. . . York: Lake Simcoe. Pickerel Fry Addington: Loon Lake. Quantity 15,000 100.000 25,000 25,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 10,000 25.000 50,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 1,250,000 25.000 25,000 50,000 25,000 50,000 25,000 25,000 50,000 10,000 10,000 150,000 Quantity 100,000 Algoma: Desbarats Lake 250,000 George Lake 1,000,000 Marsh Lake 250,000 Echo Lake 18,455,000 Bruce: Shouldice Lake. . Miller Lake Teeswater River. Cameron Lake. . . Curtise Lake. . . . Lake Chesley . . . . Pearl Lake Durham: Lake Scugog. Rice Lake. . . 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 250,000 700,000 Frontenac: Gull Lake.. Clear Lake. Eagle Lake. Crow Lake. Quantity 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 Loughborough Lake 1,000.000 Bob's Lake. Green Bay Lake. Lake Massongen. Marble Lake. . . . Bass Lake Elbow Lake Big Gull Lake. . . Crotch Lake Long Lake Grey: AlcCaslin's Lake McCollLake Hastie's Lake Mountain Lakp Lak Francis Sheppard's Lake Townsend's Lake. . . . Black Lake Monk Lake Wilcock's Lake Westfhol's Lake Pottawattamie River. Twamlev's Lake 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 200,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 100,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50.000 50,000 50,000 50,000 Grenville: Burritt's Rapids 250,000 Nation River 1,000,000 Glengarry: Lake St. Francis. . . St. Lawrence River. Haliburton: Bob Lakes Davis Lake Cedar Lake Devil's Lake Duck Lake Dark Lake Trooper's Lake. . . . Contaws Lake Hastings: Stoco Lake Twin Lake Moira River Moira Lake Salmon River. . . . Crivyea Lake. . . . Wadsworth Lake. Banker Lake. Lambton: Sydenham River. Lanark: Dalhousie Lake. . Mississippi Lake. Black Lake Silver Lake Clayton Lake. . . . Christie Lake. . . . 200,000 200,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 100,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 100,000 100,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 1926 GAME AND FISHERIES 13 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1925— Continued Pickerel Fry Lanark — Continued Mississippi River Patterson Lake Joe's Lake Bennett's Lake Leeds: Charleston Lake. . . . Rideau Lakes Sand Lake Opinicon Lake Bass Lake Lower Beverly Lake. Crosby Lake Newboro Lake Quantity 400,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 500,000 400.000 200,000 100,000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100,000 Peterborough : Indian River. . . Ball Lake Pigeon Lake. . . . Buckhorn Lake. Stoney Lake. . . . Chemong Lake. Quantity ioo,ooa 100,000 loo.ooa 100,000 100.000 loo.ooa Rainv River: Lake Warsaw 1,000,000 Renfrew: Muskrat Lake. . . Petawawa River. Pough Lake Lake Onago 50.000 100,000 50,000 50,000 Middlesex: Thames River. . . Aux Sable River. 400,000 100,000 Muskoka: Lake Muskoka 1,000,000 Lake Joseph 1,000,000 Lake Rosseau 1,000,000 Sparrow Lake 1,250,000 McL rea's Lake . Gull Lake Muldrew Lake Musquash River.. . Trout Lake Chub Lake Devine Lake Garter Snake Lake. 100,000 150,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 50,000 50,000 100,000 Nipissing: i Lake Nipissing. . 1,600,000 Ethier's Lake 100,000 Trout Lake 100,000 Hogarth Lake 100,000 Turtle Lake 100,000 Northumberland: Crow Bay Trent River. . . Crow River. . . Oxford : Maplehurst Lake. Parrv Sound: Mill Lake Magnetawan River. . . Belger Lake Star Lake Kashagacagomg Lake. Bay Lake Compass Lake South Sequin River. . Prince Edward: Smith's Bay. . . Consecon Lake. West Lake. . . . Waller's Bay. . East I:ilke South Bav. . . . 100,000 200,000 100,000 50,000 100,000 100,000 100, noo 100,000 100.000 100,000 100,000 100,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 Russell: Castor River. Simcoe: Lake Couchiching. Severn River Edward's River. . . Wilson's Lake. . . . Long Lake Sudbury: Assey Lake Lady McDonald Lake. McLaren Lake Clare Bell Lake 50,000 200,000 200,000 100,000 50,000 10,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 Thunder Bav: Kashabow'ie Lake 1,000,000 Lake Shebandawin 1,000,000 Long Lake 500,000 Little Long Lake 500,000 Timiskaming: Commanda Lake. Hector Lake Cochrane: Minard's Lake. Buskegan Lake. Bob's Lake 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 \'ictoria: Sturgeon Lake 100.000 Cameron Lake 1 ,000,000 Balsam Lake 500,000 Big Mud Turtle Lake 100,000 Round Lake 100,000 Waterloo: .Sun fish Lake. Grand River. Wentworth: Hamilton Bay Wellington: Puslinch Lake. York: Shadowmere Lake. Bond Lake 50,000 150,000 200,000 50,000 100,000 100,000 14 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1925— Continued White fish Fry Great Lakes: Quantity Lake Superior 21,500,000 Lake Erie 37,550,000 Lake Ontario 60,000,000 Algoma: North Channel 15,048,000 Prince Edward County: -Bay of Quinte 57,999,500 Rainv River District: Rainy Lake 33,028,000 Thunder Bav District: Lake Nipigon 10,000,000 Lake Hellen 1,000,000 Herring Fry Great Lakes: Lake Erie 29,000,000 Lake Ontario 13,000,000 Lanark: Dalhousie Lake. Silver Lake 50,000 50,000 Leeds: Rideau Lakes Quantity 50,000 Prince Edward County: /B2Ly of Quinte 1,850,000 Rainv River: Bad X'ermillion Lake 50,000 Rainy Lake 1,000,500 Parent Bass Rainy River: Rainy Lake. Sudbury: Dog Lake. . . Waterloo: Waterloo Dam. Rainbow Trout Fingerlings Sudbury: Onaping River Fox Lake ^ . . . Post River Wahnapitae River 240 270 101 1,000 500 500 1,000 1926 GAME AND FISHERIES IS SUMMARY Quantity Parent small-mouthed Black Bass 611 Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings 676,700 Salmon Trout Frv and Fingerlings 7,320,425 Pickerel Frv. . . . .' 49,015,000 Whitefish Fry 246,126,500 Herring Fry 45,050,500 Rainbow Trout Fingerlings 3,000 Total 348,191,736 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF DISTRIBUTION Small-mouthed Black Bass Fr\- and Fingerlings Parent Small-mouthed Black Bass Speckled Trout Salmon Trout Pickerel Whitefish Herring Rainbow Trout 1923 1924 1925 785,000 338,000 Nil 997 1,111 611 2,328,800 1,898,500 676,700 12,410,100 7,801,000 7,320,425 36,140,000 80,250,000 49,015,000 264,400,000 437,469,000 246,125,500 24,000,000 32,475,000 45,050,500 1,100 15,000 3,000 340,065,997 560,247,611 348,191,736 16 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 GAME AND FISHERIES Return of the Number of Fishermen, Tonnage and Value of Tugs, Vessels and Boats, industry during Fishing Material Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail or Row Boats Men Em- ployed Gill Nets No. Ton- nage Value No. Value No. Value Yards Value Kenora and Rainy River Dis- 4 12 10 24 17 45 297 237 615 409 $ 12,200 48.500 44.500 193.500 97,615 122 48 49 123 76 51 156 335 58 $ 55,755 23,210 28,645 83,965 38.775 19,285 155,690 138,452 29.240 77 73 55 91 36 94 172 295 193 $ 2,960 5,015 3,915 6,438 2,325 5,685 13,790 15.489 7.104 318 272 166 501 341 146 853 1,018 648 312,874 779.490 220,393 1.350.880 840.521 $ 46.472 70.650 North Channel 23.760 136,938 94.411 Lake St. Clair District and St. Lake Erie, including Upper Niag- ara River 37 1,060 336,500 1,532.895 1.677,035 163.310 194.128 Lake Ontario, including Lower Niagara and St. Lawrence 152,712 Inland Waters, including Ottawa River 8 175 34,500 23,132 Totals 112 2,838 767,315 1,018 573,017 1,086 62,721 4,263 6.877.398 742.203 Recapitulation of the kinds, quantities and Herring Whitefish Trout Pike Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon lbs. lbs. 736.969 346,696 240.473 1,255.408 121.524 595 1.033,077 1.926.367 1,397,077 lbs. 129.578 1,867.519 469.525 1,588.982 1,739,468 " 588 1,053.304 466.734 lbs. 730.308 12.013 78.220 118.302 840 22.115 28.700 191.842 133,985 lbs. 1,454.127 94.370 204,744 121,442 173,897 44,822 224,105 70,982 179,278 lbs. 17,028 1,146,638 9.372 30.241 202.117 1.200 2.839.625 294.107 32.173 2,527 North Channel 9,577 3.458 8.752 Lake St. Clair District and St. Clair Rivers Lake Erie, including Lower Niagara River. Lake Ontario, including Lower Niagara 14,639 41.685 6.033 Inland Waters, including Ottawa River.. . . 141,763 Totals, pounds 4.555.473 7,058.186 7,325.698 1,316.325 2,567,767 245,462 Values $ c. 182.218 92 $ c. 846.982 32 $ c. 805,826 78 $ c. 65,816 25 $ c. 359,487 38 $ c. 81.002 46 1926 GAME AND FISHERIES 17 DEPARTMENT, ONTARIO the Quantity and Value of all Fishing Materials and other Fixtures Employed in the fishing the year 1925. Fi shing MUiriil Other fixtures used in fishing Seines Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip or Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No. Value $ 60 51 127 84 97 229 646 $ 14.330 25.000 59,750 76,700 56.650 27.225 398.850 56 $ 2,218 $ $ $ 107 14 35 42 42 36 109 60 59 $ 36,975 9,100 12,430 22,025 12,620 11,150 131.500 13.150 12.310 73 20 35 46 18 16 53 35 13 10,005 3.666 7,000 40.454 13.628 3,800 4,950 20,350 5,425 95 1.200 5.566 2,339 207 230 1,430 155 6.615 17 27 2 1 65 694 333 2.200 640 70 15 1.371 23.814 11,346 15.375 4 800 1,043 17 66 9.400 6,100 38 7.658 12.590 1,110 6.610 5,805 9.700 890 8.070 4,600 37 2 2 39 7 40 795 16,250 11 5,280 49 40 13.400 127 960 3,192 139 28.768 25.508 1.334 671,905 1,195 41.674 43 842 98.607 11,222 144 1.026 504 261,260 309 76,817 values of fish caught during the year 1925. Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Fish Caviare Pickerel (Blue) Total Production Value lbs. lbs. 8.521 lbs. 460.565 369 lbs. lbs. 9,600 lbs. 271,214 94,448 459.250 111.845 89.228 327.846 1.057.976 382.171 487,987 lbs. 679 11 89 30 1.360 366 816 " 1.456 lbs. lbs. 3,818,589 3,564,591 1,477,907 3,394,753 2,729.166 675.618 10.997,529 4.351,983 3.375.199 $ c. 384.175 54 311.356 46 6,573 4.236 63,292 66 353 84 43.966 2.272 174.788 244.019 29.635 310,318 135.459 37 700 108. 789 320,173 7,354 643 22,894 36.746 122.414 154,714 363,235 21 5.600 267.011 04 3 7.942 29 2.060.262 90.423 31.969 3.429.930 15.380 580,352 59 159,325 430,708 80 16 845 20.900 348,613 49 182.470 2,331.629 910.796 344,765 814,682 3,281.965 4.807 3,445,310 34.385,335 , $ c. 21.896 40 $ c. 116.581 45 $ c. 45,539 80 $ c. 24.133 55 $ c. 32,587 28 $ c. 131.278 60 $ c. 7,691 20 $ c. 137.812 40 $ c. 2.858,854 79 18 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 A Comparative Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of Ontario Kind Herring Whitefish Trout Pike Pickerel (dore) Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed fish Caviare Pickerel (blue) Total 1924 lbs. 12,501,333 6,691,760 6,882,142 1,293,336 2,964,592 281,155 149,743 2,515,832 500,383 372,861 1,112,309 3,401.590 5,530 3,060,098 41,732,664 1925 lbs. 4,555,473 7,058,186 7,325,698 1,316,325 2,567,767 245,462 182,470 2,331,629 910,796 344,765 814,682 3,281,965 4,807 3,445,310 34,385,335 Increase lbs. 366,426 443,556 22,989 32,727 410,413 385.212 (net decre Decrease lbs. 7,945,860 396,825 35,693 184,203 28,096 297,627 119,625 723 ase) 7,347,329 Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of Ontario for the Year 1925 AS Furnished by the Fishermen's Annual Returns Kind Quantity Price per lb. Value Herring Whitefish Trout Pike Pickerel (dore) . . . . Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed fish Caviare Pickerel (blue) . . . . Total lbs. ,555,473 ,058,186 ,325,698 ,316,325 ,567,767 245,462 182,470 ,331,629 910,796 344,765 814,682 ,281,965 4,807 ,445,310 34,385,335 c. 04 12 11 05 14 33 12 05 05 07 04 04 60 04 $ c. 182,218 92 846,982 32 805,826 78 65,816 25 359,487 38 81,002 46 21,896 40 116,581 45 45,539 80 24,133 55 32,587 28 131,278 60 7,691 20 137,812 40 2,858,854 79 Value of Ontario Fisheries for a Period of Twenty Years. 1906 to 1925 Inclusive Year Value 1906 1,734,865 00 1907 1,935,024 90 1908 2,100,078 63 1909 2,237,544 41 1910 2,348,269 57 1911 2,419,178 21 1912 2,842,877 09 1913 2,674,686 76 1914 2,755,293 11 1915 3,341,181 41 Year Value $ c 1916 2,658,993 43 1917 2,866,424 00 1918 3,175,110 32 1919 2,721,440 24 1920 2,691,093 74 1921 2,656,775 82 1922 2,807,525 21 1923 2,886,398 76 1924 3,139,279 03 1925 2,858,854 79 1926 GAME AND FISHERIES 19 Statement of the Equipment and its Value, used in the Fishing Industry of the Province OF Ontario, During the Year 1925 Tugs (2,838 tons) Gasoline Boats Sail or Row Boats . Gill Nets (6.877,398 yards) Seine Nets (28,768 yards) Pound Xets Hoop Xets Dip or Roll Nets Baited Hooks Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves Number of Men employed in Fishing Industry Number Values S c. 112 767,315 00 1,018 573,017 00 1,086 62,721 00 742,203 00 139 25,508 00 1,334 671,905 00 1,195 41,674 00 43 842 00 98,607 11,222 00 144 1,026 00 504 261,260 00 309 76,817 00 4,263 Jnitcd Pressl Twentieth Annual Report OF THE GAME AND FISHERIES DEPARTMENT 1926 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO ONTARIO TORONTO Printed and Published by the Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty 19 2 7 To His Honour W. D. Ross, Esq., Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario. May It Please Your Honour: I have the honour to submit herewith, for the information of Your Honour and the Legislative Assembly, the Twentieth Annual Report of the Game and Fisheries Department of this Province. I have the honour to be Your Honour's most obedient servant, Charles McCrea, Minister of Mijies. Toronto, 1927. [2] TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Game and Fisheries Department of Ontario To THE Honourable Charles McCrea, Minister of Mines. Sir: — I have the honour of placing before you the Twentieth Annual Report of the worJc of the Game and Fisheries Department for the fiscal year ending on October 31st, 1926. Revenue A net revenue of S682, 063. 32 was received, and a total expenditure made of $399,744.24, leaving a net surplus for the year of $282,319.08. In addition to the general expenditures, the administration of the Wolf Bounty Act comes under the Department's control, and bounties and expenses in connection therewith were paid for the year as follows: Wolf bounties and expenses in connection therewith $51,994 42 Comparative Statement of Wolf Skins Received and Bounties Paid Timber Brush Pups Total Bounties For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1925 831 1,066 21 1,918 825,465 62 For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1926 1,022 2,690 107 3,819 51,994 42 Statistics The statistics accompanying this report will show in detail the kinds, quantities and values of commercial fish, also the varieties, quantities and locations of fry and fingerlings distributed from Provincial Hatcheries, together with other statistics pertaining to the fur trade, as well as other branches of the Department. All of which has been carefully prepared and affords interest- ing and valuable information. Fish The statistics of the commercial fisheries of the Pro\'ince are shown as follows: — 1924 1925 1926 Gill nets licensed (yards) 6,502,736 6,877,398 7,001,130 Seines " 208 139 131 Pound nets " 1,323 1,334 1,306 Hoop nets " 1,256 1,195 1,134 Dip and roll nets licensed 70 43 44 Spears licensed 126 144 140 Hooks " 78,685 98.607 124,023 Number of men employed 4,267 4,263 4,145 Number of tugs 103 112 119 Xamljer of gasoline boats 975 1,018 1,003 Number of sail or row boats 1,177 1,086 1,022 V'alite of boats, ice-houses, wharves and twine.". $2,995,362 00 83,235,510 00 $3,337,737 00 Aggregate catch in pounds 41,732,664 34,385,335 32,261,019 Values to fishermen 83,139,279 03 82,858,854 79 82,643,686 28 1-^1 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 Angling The demand for non-resident angling licenses is increasing yearly, and the revenue received from this source forms no mean part of the total revenue received from the fisheries of the Province. The heavy demand on the game fish may best be shown by a comparison of the revenues received from the sale of non-resident angling licenses as follows: — 1923 1924 1925 1926 Revnues from Angling Licenses. . . $77,856 75 $105,862 50 $128,115 00 $145,913 50 To cope with the heavy demand made by the anglers for game fish, it will be necessary for the Department to use the existing hatcheries to their utmost capacity, as well as to use every means within its power towards conservation by the prevention of the pollution of waters, and the taking of fish illegally and during the time prohibited by law. Hatcheries Elsewhere in this report will be found in detail the quantities and varieties of fry and fingerlings placed in various w^aters of the Province from hatcheries located at Mount Pleasant, Glenora, Sault Ste. Marie, Normandale, Port Carling, Port Arthur and Fort Frances, and for comparative purposes with previous years, the following figures show a summary of total distribution: — 1924 1925 1926 Whitefish Fry 437,469,000 246,125,500 260,575,000 Pickerel Fry 80,250,000 49,015,000 13,820,000 Salmon Troui Fingerlings and Fry 7,801,000 7,320,425 8,501,000 Herring Fry 32,475,000 45,050,500 11,225,000 Rainbow Trout Fry and Fingerlings 15,000 3,000 1,800 Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings 1,898,500 676,700 1,085,300 Black Bass Fry and Fingerlings 338,000 12,500 Parent Black Bass 1,111 611 1,569 Parent Speckled Trout 300 560,247,611 348,191,736 295,222,469 On July 1st, 1926, the Federal Government discontinued the propagation of fish in eight hatcheries located at:— Coliingwood Sarnia Wiarton Southampton Port Arthur Kingsville Kenora Belleville The operation of same, however, was continuous, as the Province of Ontario assumed control as soon as operations were discontinued by the Federal Govern- ment and after the distribution of fry and fingerlings was made. The collection of speckled trout spawn from the Normandale Creek ponds still continues to be of a satisfactory nature, and the undertaking has been so successful that it is now advisable to have further ponds established, in order that an increased quantity of speckled trout, fry and fingerlings may be distributed throughout the Province; the demand for which far exceeds the present production. Biological Investigations The Department of Game and Fisheries receives annually hundreds of applications for fish in various stages of development (fry, fingerlings and adults), and before distribution is made from the Provincial Hatcheries each 1927 GAME AND FISHERIES 5 application must be considered on its merits. As it was impossible to make a thorough study during the past two summers of all the waters requested to be restocked, before making recommendations many applications were disposed of on the strength of the information given by the applicants, and also on the basis of a knowledge of existing conditions in the neighbouring waters of the same system. Limnobiological studies were carried out on twenty-one inland waters during the summer of 1925, and on fifty-eight during the summer of 1926, with a view to determining their possibilities for fish production. The programme of the studies carried out on these waters with certain modifications for streams, included three fairly well-defined, and yet correlated lines of investigation: — (1) Fish fauna of the waters and their relative abundance. (2) Plankton on which either directly or indirectly fish depend for their food supply was collected from various depths for quantitative and qualitative studies in the laboratory. The quantity and character of the plankton are good indications of the productivity of any body of water. (Observations were made on the available macroscopic food supply, for example, molluscs, crustaceans, insects and insect larvae.) (3) A study of the physical and chemical properties of the water. (a) Physical properties, namely, depths, colour, transparency and temperatures. (b) Chemical properties, namely, dissolved gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide), bicarbonate, alkalinity and hydrogen ion con- centration. The above factors determine very largely the abundance of the plankton. The biology of the fishes of Lake Simcoe was gone into more intensively, and to this end eleven gill-nets, each fifty yards long and five feet deep, and with mesh ranging from one and one-half inches to five inches were emplo^'ed. By this means data were obtained on the relative abundance, distribution, rate of growth, food and spawning conditions of the various fishes inhabiting the lake. Extensive seine hauls were made over ecologically different areas in order td obtain data on the young fry and minnow population. By means of an Ekmann dredge covering an area of eighty-one square inches the life on the bottom of the lake was collected and preserved. Mr. Donald S. Rawson, B.A. is making a special study of this material in the Depart- ment of Biology, University of Toronto. Determining the suitability of any body of water, in advance of stocking, and in the light of the present day knowledge of the criteria to employ for the purpose, is one means of preventing undue loss in planting fish. However, applicants may render most important service by following the instructions issued with each lot of fish sent to them. The most important points to remember in this regard are — firstly, to plant where the natural food supply is adequate, and secondly, to plant out of the reach of enemies. Instructions are issued to applicants having these two important principles in view. It should be borne in mind that planting points vary according to the life history and habits of the species planted, and the life history and habits of its enemies. By means of propaganda these facts may be driven home to applicants. By biological surveys, legislation and education, steps are being taken by the Department to preser\e the game fish in waters not already depleted for the perpetual use of the |)ul)lic. compatible with chaneini.' conditions in nature. THE REPORT UPON No. 9 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1,584 1,098 1,385 1,291 1,359 20,504 17,677 19,517 17,034 23,392 1,256 1,247 1,651 1,581 1,347 This is the ultimate aim of all our biological endeavours. When waters cannot be reclaimed by native species the policy is to substitute other species more suitable to the existing conditions. Game Preserves During the year a number of Crown Game Preserves were established throughout the Province, so that at present there are between five and six million acres of territory set aside in which hunting and trapping is forbidden for the sole purpose of conservation. The Crown Game Preserve at Eugenia, which is utilized for the purpose of propagating English Ring-necked Pheasants, commenced operations in 1922. Seven hundred and eighty-seven live birds and 33,000 eggs were distributed last year, as compared with 606 birds and 29,460 eggs for the previous year. The demand for settings of pheasant eggs still continues to be in excess of the available supply. Game Big Game continues to be plentiful, and the majority of hunting parties report a successful season. For comparative purposes, the following figures show the number of hunting licenses issued for the past five years: — Resident Moose Resident Deer Non-resident Hunting. In explanation of the Increased number of resident deer licenses sold it may be stated that for the first time, farmers in the northern parts of the Province were obliged to pay the sum of $1.00 for a deer license, whereas heretofore resident farmers in certain districts could secure one deer for their personal use without securing a license. Rtiffed Grouse {Partridge). — The scarcity of these game birds continues and warranted the continued close season, which should be maintained until they become re-established in fair quantities. Sharp-tailed Grouse or Prairie Hen are confined to the northwestern part of the Province, and are to be found there in considerable numbers. Quail are mainly confined to the southwestern part of the Province, and in the Counties of Essex and Kent, they are thriving to such an extent that a short open season of three days was permitted. Pheasants have, for a number of years, been plentiful in the Niagara Peninsula, and an open season for two days for a limited number of male birds was permitted. In other parts of the Province, owing to the general distribution of settings of eggs from the Eugenia Crown Game Preserve, they are reported as becoming well established, particularly in the southeastern part of the Province. Ducks and Geese were obtained in goodly numbers, and afforded the usual excellent hunting. Furs The total number of pelts on which royalty was paid during the year is somewhat lower than for the preceding year, although the value to the trapper is slightly greater. 1927 GAME AND FISHERIES 7 Beaver show a decided decline, although the drop in the number taken is practically accounted for by the restricted period in which same may be legally taken, and further, they can only be legally trapped by resident Indians. Otter still continue to be caught in approximately the same numbers over a period of years. Mink show a slightly smaller catch than for the preceding year. Fisher are quite plentiful, and the catch for this year is greater than in any period since 1922. Marten were taken in approximately the same quantity as for the preceding year, although much lower in number than formerly. Muskrat show a much lower catch than in former years, although it may be accounted for from the fact that weather conditions were not favourable during the open season. Red Fox have increased rapidly, and the catch for the year exceeds that of any former similar period. Skunk shows a steady catch for a number of years; the year's catch being slightly in excess of the previous year. Comparison of Pelts Exported and Tanned for Five Years 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 Beaver 93,971 70,684 50,233 48,364 27,597 Otter 5,309 3,997 5,096 4,622 4,304 Fisher 2.657 2,339 1,910 1,936 2,618 Marten 7,327 4,704 3,661 3,125 3.177 Mink 78,487 58,634 82,466 68,138 65.299 Muskrat 554,888 478,820 533,256 534,739 387,022 Bear 2,137 1,447 1,399 2,014 1,635 Fox (Cross) 469 1,154 1,082 2,801 4,175 Fox (Red) 11,272 12,329 14,695 22,198 30,535 Fox (Silver or Black) 87 205 167 433 620 Fox (White) 1,765 1,501 362 974 226 Fox (not specified) 170 34 28 61 165 Lynx 836 1,177 2,332 2,200 3,884 Raccoon 20,344 15,752 21,976 22.157 21,002 Skunk 73,219 54,770 58,130 67,100 75,503 Weasel 94,399 61,603 51,163 34,365 63,599 Wolverine 6 20 12 8 11 Total 947,343 769,070 827,948 814,935 691,372 To be added to the above are 1,367 ranch-raised fox pelts which were tanned or exported without payment of royalty, under the terms of Fur Farmers' Licenses. The value of pelts, as shown in the above list, to the trapper, is 83,391,012.69, which places this Pro\-ince far in the lead in the production of fur-bearing animals. Fur Farming Fur farming still continues to receive a great deal of attention from the public, and while formerly it was largely confined to fox farming, inquiries are now being received concerning the possibilities of farming every species of fur- bearing animals native to the Province. Realizing that it is the duty of the Province to conserve our fur-bearing animals from depletion or extinction as it is to preserve any other natural resource, the Department has recently undertaken to conduct an Experimental Fur Ranch in the vicinity of Balsam Lake, where it is aimed to furnish the public with economical methods by which the various species can be raised THE REPORT UPON No. 9 1924 1925 1926 10 29 100 6 2 28 386 459 397 347 725 397 3,006 4,940 7,095 40 49 2 2 3 97 136 468 2,904 7,182 149 306 290 136 100 49 11 13 4 2 7 profitably and produce good fur; to develop by selective breeding improved strains of promising species; and to investigate diseases and parasites for the purpose of determining methods of prevention and treatment. The production of fur-bearing animals in captivity is comparatively a recent enterprise, and is, therefore, not supported by the exhaustive experimental and research data enjoyed by similar industries. 1923 1924 1925 1926 Fur Farmers' Licenses issued, 284 392 624 783 Animals stocked on licensed farms: — 1923 Beaver 2 Fisher 6 Fox (Cross) 361 Fox (Red) 323 Fox (Silver Black) 2,171 Fox (Blue) Lynx 2 Mink 73 Muskrat 163 Opossum Raccoon 130 Skunk • 46 Bear Marten Total 3,277 7,056 13,936 *8,887 *Exclusive of Muskrat. Enforcement of the Act The district wardens and officers in the outside service have enforced the provisions of the Act and the Regulations to the best of their ability, and during the year seasonal overseers have been engaged for the better protection of fish during the spawning period and for the protection of big game during the hunting season. Summary of Convictions and Fines Convictions reported 588 Fines collected $11,563.00 A great many articles were confiscated during the year, including: — 1,483 Pelts 38 Spears 4 Motorcars 34 Deer and Moose hides 84 Rods and lines 17 Jack-lights and lanterns 5 Live animals 488 Traps 27 Deer 6,791 Pounds fish 145 Fire-arms 40 Pounds venison 506 Pieces gill nets 5 Gasoline boats 7 Moose 23 Dip nets 6 Row boats 28 Pounds Moose meat 17 Hoop nets 4 Canoes 54 Partridge 14 Seine nets 1 Steam tug 35 Ducks 3 Roll nets 7 Punts 4 Pheasants 6 Trap nets 2 Trucks 81 Decoys All confiscations are sold at advertised sales by tender, other than such articles as are sold by the Department to the former owner, when circumstances warrant. 1927 GAME AXD FISHERIES 9 Acknowledgments In conclusion, I desire to publicly express my appreciation for the assistance and support rendered to the Department throughout the year, not only for the loyalty of the staff of both the inside and outside service but for the assistance of the transportation companies and the Fish and Game Protective Associations, whose officials and employees assisted our officers in the performance of their duties. All statistics referred to will be found elsewhere in this report, together with many other statistics in detail. All of which is respectfully submitted. I am. Sir, Your obedient servant, D. McDonald, Deputy Minister of Game and Fisheries. 10 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 REVENUE RECEIVED BY DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES DURING YEAR ENDING OCTOBER 31st, 1926 Royalty, Game $131,092 99 Trappers' Licenses 42,464 55 Non-resident Licenses 61,614 5o Deer Licenses 59,548 60 Moose Licenses 7,435 50 Gun Licenses 3,423 00 Fur Dealers' Licenses 50,044 25 Fur Farmers' Licenses 4,031 25 Tanners' Licenses 220 00 Game Dealers' Licenses 521 50 Hotel and Restaurant Licenses, etc 390 00 Cold Storage Licenses 165 00 Guides' Licenses 3,298 00 Fines, Game and Fish 11,786 51 Sales, Game 5,913 85 Commissions 2,001 80 Commercial Fishing Licenses 130,205 00 Royalty, Fish 20,327 67 Angling Licenses 146,312 00 Court Losts 1,455 64 Sales, Fish 6,770 37 Rentals 3,260 00 Miscellaneous 15,812 30 Total $708,094 2& WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1926 Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings Addington: Quantity Little Creek 2,000 Algoma: Long Lake 3,000 Johnson Lake 3,000 Kerr's Lake 3,000 Moose Lake 3,000 Agawa River 3,000 Mongoose Lake 3,000 Hobon Lake 3,000 Alva Lake 3,000 Hawk Lake 3,000 Cheppewa River 6,000 Sana Lake and Creek 6,000 Deer Lake 3,000 Carpenter Lake 3,000 Wartz Lake 3,000 Lily Lake 3,000 Magpie River 3,000 Bear Creek 6,000 Silver Lake 3,000 Lower Lake 3,000 Mountain Lake 3,000 Stony Portage 3,000 Brant: Blue Lake Creek 2,500 Lawrason's Creek 2,500 Barker's Creek 2,000 Bruce: Thomson's Creek 2,000 Wolf Creek 2,000 Plum Creek 2,000 Colpoy's Creek 2,000 Bruce: Quantity Gagnon's Creek 2,000 Smith's Creek 2,000 Sanger Creek 2,000 Matheson Creek 2,000 Durham: Cavan Creek 2,000 Tyrone Creek 800 Decker Hollow 2,000 Manver's Creek 2,000 Dick William's Creek 2,000 Mount Pleasant Creek 2,000 Britain Creek 2,000 Haydon Stream 200 Wilson's Creek 6,000 Moon's Creek. 2,000 Pigeon Creek and Tributary. . . 6,000 Mountjoy's Creeks 2,200 Steven s Creek and Tributaries 800 Bees Creek 2,000 Bell Hill Stream 2,000 Power Stream 2,000 McKindley's Creek 2,000 Leskard Creek 4,000 Lifford Creek 2,000 Millbrook Creek 4,000 Mashwood's Creek 2,000 Briinacombe Creek 2,000 Pasture Creek 4,000 McMillen's Creek 2,000 Brand's Creek 2,000 Crossland's Stream 2,000 Elizabethville Creek 2,000 Sowden's Creek 2,000 DeLong Creek 2,000 Perrytown Creek 2,000 1927 GAME AND FISHERIES 11 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN \92G— Continued Speckled Trout Fry and Fitigerlings Durham — Continued Caldwell's Creek. . . Patterson's Creek. . Thurtle Lreek Solina Creek Park Screa.ii Puttie Creek. Muldrew Creek Harten's Creek Lockie's Creek Hams Creek Bickle Creek Taylor Creek Cody's Creek Janetville Pond Tenth Line Creek. . . . Vance Spring Creek. Mercer's Pond Generaska River. . . . Dufferin: Esson's Creek. . . Funston's River. Cress River Rooker Creek. . . Pine River Rookery Creek. . Bayne River. . . . Boyne River. . . . Brown's River. . Mono Creek. . . . Elgin: Stanley Spring Creek. Silver Brook Frontenac: Trout Lake Creek Clear Lake Creek Cataraqui Creek Creek near Mountain Grove. Sharbot Lake Creek Grey : Saugeen River Rocky Sajgeen River Beaver River and Tributaries. Sydenham Creek Park's Lake Sydenham River Silver Creek Camp's Creek Bell's Creek Tobermory Lake New England Creek Maple Creek Swinton Park Creek Meadow Creek Salem Creek Peter Black's Creek Palmer Pond Huron: Big Creek Johnston's Creek. ra> lor's Creek. . . David Bell Creek. Duke's Creek Q uant ty 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 3,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 000 ,000 ,000 ,000 000 000 000 2,000 2,000 4,000 4,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 14,000 2,000 6,000 2,000 1,000 4,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,000 Haliburton: Ross Lake Boskung Lake. . , Bill's C reek Cardiff Creek. . . . Gull Creek Fish Lake Pocket Creek. . . . Rattling Creek. . Mountain Creek. Bare Creek Bark Lake Mink Lake Halton: Limehouse Pond. . . Sixteen Mile Creek. Twelve Mile Creek. Hastings: Deer River Rawdon Creek Spring Creek Alayhew's Creek. . . . Spring Brook Creek. Allen Creek Kenora: Hodge Lake. Lambton: Hungry Hollow Creek. Lanark: Paul's Creek. . Allan's Brook. Grant's Creek. Gibb's Creek. . Lincoln: Unnamed Creek. Middlesex: Duncreaf's Creek. Ri\er W'ye Medway Creek. . . McFarland Creek. Muskoka: Muskoka River. . . White U'lke Menominee Lake. Pages Lake Rat Lake Deep Lake Norfolk: Patterson's Creek. So ith Stream Derelict Creek. . . . Northumberland: Woodland Creek. . . Allen's Creek Trout Creek Baltimore Creek. . . Bogg's Farm Creek. Quantity 2,000 2,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 4,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 5,000 2,500 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,500 2,000 2,500 2,000 2,500 6,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 2,000 2,000 2,ooa 2,000 2,000 4,000 2,000 2,000 12 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1926- -Ccntinued Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings Northumberland — Contimied Halfway Creek Cold Creek Dartford Creek , Summit Creek Gunter's Creek Cole Creek Hopkin's Creek . . . . Burnley Stream Russ Creek Phillips Creek , Shelter Valley Creek Dawson Creek Forestell's Creek Staples Creek Glenburnie Creek Mile Valley Creek Livingstone Creek Eastwood Creek Ball's Creek Spring Creek Colton Creek Buckley Creek Hefferone Creek Dempsey Creek Rattan's Creek Q Ontario: Beaver River. . . . Black Creek Johnston's Creek. Duffin's Creek. . . Smalley's Creek. Beaverbrook Creek. Oxford : Waterworks Pond. Dower Creek Unnamed Stream. . Wright's Creek. . . . Whiting Creek. . . . Brooksdale Stream . Five Points Creek. Youngeville Creek. Oi.tlet Stream. . . . Parr}' Sound District: Magnetawan River. . . Sugar Lake Creek. . . . Distress Creek Sword's Creek South River Barton's Creek Diamond Lake Creek. Wolf Creek Prince Edward: Waring's Creek. Peterborough : Plato Creek Sedgrick's Creek. . Buchanan's Creek. uantity 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 4,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 4,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 2,000 400 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,500 1,000 1,000 1,000 2,500 1,000 1,000 1,000 3,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 Peel: Montgomery Creek Credit River and Tributaries. Genor's Creek Cold Creek Humber River and Tributary. Renfrew: Schutt's Creek Brindle's Creek Brennan's Creek Gultz Creek Burwell Creek Coughlin Creek Kitt's Creek Hurd's Creek McGregor Creek Lougheed Creek Crozier Creek Cormac Creek Sinicoe: Mad River Pine River Coldwater River. . . . Copeland's Creek. . . Sturgeon River Noisy River Nottawasaga River. Batteau Creek Pretty Rivers Black Ash Creek. . . . A\-on River Hart Creek Bear Creek Bruff's Creek Maple V'alley Creek. Jobbit's Creek Lisle Creek Mill Creek Hog Creek Kelley's Creek Sudbury: Ella Lake Bass Lake Bertrand's Creek. Rapid River Burnt Creek Veuve Creek Devil's Lake Lake Penage Whitefish Creek. . Meatbird Creek. . Thunder Bay: Allen Lake Long Lake Moose Lake McKenzie River. . Lake Wideman. . . Upper Twin Lake. Silver Lake Mclntyre Creek. . Corbett's Creek. . . Current River. . . . McVicar's Creek. . Neebing River. . . . Quantity 2,000 22,000 2,000 2,000 5,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 4,000 2,000 2,000 6,000 2,000 7,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 4,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 1927 GAME AND FISHERIES 13 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUAXTITIESIAND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN \91G— Continued Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings Thunder Bay — Continued Oliver Lake Brulu Creek Steel River Nipigon River , Stewart Lake Fraser Creek Gravel River Blend Lake Castle Lake Deception Lake Sunset Lake McKenzie Lake Clegg Lake Schreiber Lake Sweetwater Creek Sa\ign>s Creek Mirror Lake Crystal Lake Beck Creek Lake Ada Tenier Lake Blend River Anderson Lake Q Timiskan.ing: Moffatt Creek. . Blanche River. . Cheque Creek. . . Unnamed Creek. Hudson Creek. . Pine Creek Waterloo: Erhsville Creek Reist's Creek Jantzi's Creek Cressnian Dam Bamberg Creek Canagagigue Stream . Mickus Creek Miller Creek Lautenslaeger Creek. Schwindt's Creek. . . . Forster Creek Betzner Cook Creek. Wilino Creek St. Jacob's Creek. . . . Cedar Creek Cressn.an Creek Went worth: Martin's Creek. Binkley Creek. Wellington: Cox Creek. . . Herd's Creek. luantity 5,000 5,000 20,000 149,400 5,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 000 000 ,000 000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 York: Black River. 2,000 2,000 2,500 2,000 2,000 Salmon Trout Fry and Fingerlings Great Lakes: Quantitv Lake Ontario 600,000 Lake Superior 2,246,000 North Channel 950,000 Lake Huron 250,000 Addington: Lpon Lake Bass Lake Sharbot Lake Little Weslemkoom Lake. Rock Lake White Lake Spring Lake Algoma: frout Lake. . . . Long Lake. . . . Sand Lake Island Lake. . . Keichel Lake. . Oba Lake Lonely Lake. . . Granary L^ke. Canoe Lake. . . Achigan Lake. . Lake Anjigami. Frontenac: Crow Lake Trout Lake Wolf Lake Grindstone Lake. Brule Lake Bay Lake Haliburton: Drag Lake Spruce Lake Gull Lake Davis Lake Farquar Lake Mountain Lake Hollow Lake Kuskog Lake Lake oi Islands Clear Lake Long Lake Bear Lake Horn Lake Maple Lake Lipsey Lake : . Stragle Lake Kashagahnigen.ong Lake. Paudash Lake Hastings: Papineau Lake. . Ea;jile Lake Lake of Islands. Salmon Lake. . . Dickie's Lake. . . Coppeway Lake. Clear Lake 30,000 15.000 25,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 30,000 25,000 15,000 25,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 25,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 25,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 30,000 14 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1926- - Continued Saltnon Trout Fry and Fingerlings Kenora: Lake Wabigoon . . . . Beaver Lake Lake of the Woods. Eagle Lake Lanark: Silver Lake Otty Lake Christie Lake. . . . Robinson's Lake. Pike Lake Leeds: Charleston Lake. Rideau Lakes. . . . Killenback Lake. Muskoka: Lake Muskoka. . . Lake Joseph Lake of Bays. . . . Lake Vernon .... Fairy Lake Mary Lake Peninsular Lake. . Lake Rosseau . . . . Gull Lake Clear Lake Clearwater Lake. Long Lake Koshee Lake .... Red Chalk Lake. Jingo Lake Skeleton Lake. . . Doty's Lake Menominee Lake. Page's Lake Echo Lake Devine Lake. ■ . . . Oneida Lipke. Eighteen Mile Lake. Nipissing: Cache Lake. . Trout Lake. . . Turtle Lake. . Talon Lake. . . Murray Lake. Ontario: Lake St. John. Parry Sound: Deer Lake Mill Lake Ahmic Lake. . . Sugar Lake. . . . Spring Lake. . . Maple Lake. . . Martin's Lake. Pike Lake Eagle Lake. . . . Duck Lake. . . . Ruthe Lake. . . Quantity 25,000 25,000 100,000 50,000 15,000 15,000 25,000 15,000 15,000 100,000 150,000 15,000 40,000 150,000 250,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 25,000 150,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 30,000 15,000 15,000 5,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 5,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 30,000 15,000 15,000 30,000 15,000 5,000 Parry Sound — Continued Isabella Lake Otter Lake Camp Lake Lake of Many Islands. Prince Edward: Smith's Bay Peterborough: Stoney Lake . . . Belmont Lake. Eel's Lake Tallan's Lake. . Loon Lake. . . . Rainy River: Baril Lake. . . Crystal Lake. Renfrew: Clear Lake. . . . Mink Lake. . . , Barry's Bay. . . Long Lake. . . . Carson's Lake. Albert Lake. . , Birchem Lake. Haley's I^ake. . Moore Lake. . . Simcoe: Edward's Lake. .Sudbury: Trout Lake Big Pagamasing Lake. Wahnapitae Lake. . . . Thunder Bay: Trout Lake Lake Nipigon Kashabowie Lake. . Lake Shebandawan. Keemle Lake Lac des Mille Lacs. Li^ke Helen Rapsey Lake Cloud Lake Unnamed Lake D'Arcy Lake Surprise Lake Loftquist Lake Timiskaming: Twin Lakes Lake Timagami. Crystal Lake . . . Wilson Lake. . . . Miller Lake Larder Lake. . . . Nellie Lake Quantity 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 50,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 25,000 25.000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 York: Lake Simcoe. 5,000 15,000 25,000 15,000 20,000 500,000 25,000 25,000 20,000 50,000 25,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 20,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15.000 15,000 15,000 565,000 1927 GAME AND FISHERIES 15 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1926- -Continued Pickerel Fry Addington: South Beaver Lake. Carleton: Ottawa River Durham: Rice Lake. Frontenac: Eagle Lake Crow Lake Loughborough Lake. Bob's Lake Bass Lake Wolf Lake Crotch Lake Beaver Lake Bav Lake Glengarry: St. Lawrence River. Haliburton: Deer Lake Clear Lake Rock Lake Little Gull Lake Pine Lake Marsh Lake Cardiff Lake Butt Lake Dennies Lake Long Lake Hastings: Moira River Baptiste Lake. . . . Moira Lake Salmon River. . . . Wadsworth Lake. Castleman Lake.. Kenora: Beaver Lake. . . . Long Pine Lake. Quantitv 100,000 100,000 500,000 50,000 50,000 250,000 50.000 100,000 100,000 100,000 200,000 50,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100.000 100,000 50,000 100,000 200,000 300,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100.000 Muskoka: Lake Rosseau . . . . Sparrow Lake. . . . Three Mile Lake. Muldrew Lake. . . Long Lake Koshee Lake. . . . , Loon Lake Rose Lake Nipissing: Lake 5sipissing. Ethier's Lake. . Trout Lake. . . . Hogarth L^ke. . Tuitle Lake. . . Northumberland : Trent River. . . Parry Sound: Long Lake Mill Lake .. . Magnetawan River. Ahmic Lake Pickerel River Cecebe Lake Ruthe Lake Blackstone Lake. . . Whitestone Lake. . . Poole Lake Lake Bain Wilson's L«ike Prince Edward: Roblin's Lake. . Smith's Bay. . . Consecon Lake. East Lake Peterborough: Eel's Lake. . Alder Lake . Perth: Maitland River. Quantity 500,000 100,000 100.000 100,000 100,000 100.000 100.000 100,000 300,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 300,000 100,000 100,000 200,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 70,000 Lanark: Dalhousie Lake. . Mississippi Lake. Black Lake Otty Lake Clyde River Mississippi River. Patterson Lake. . . Joe's Lake Bennett's Lake. . . Kerr's Lake Karr's L ake Baycroft Lake. . . Leeds: Charleston Lake. Higley Lake Lamb's Pond. . . . 100,000 300,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 500,000 100.000 200,000 100,000 100,000 100.000 100,000 250,000 100,000 50,000 Renfrew: Hurds Lake. . . ,.-- Norway Lake. Muskrat Lake. Barry's Bay. . . ,,,^reen Lake. . . ^- Long Lake. . . hat's Lake. Simcoe: Severn River. . Eld ward's Lake. Hendrie Lake. . Sudbury: Apsey Lake. . . . McLaren Lake. 100,000 100.000 100.000 50,000 100,000 50,000 100,000 1,000,000 50,000 50,000 100,000 200,000 16 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1926- -Continued Pickerel Frv Timiskaming: Lake Sesekinika. . Commando Lake. Hector Lake Minard's Lake. . . Buskegau Lake. . Fairy Lake Dore Lake Victoria: Four Mile Lake. Pigeon River . . . Waterloo: Grand River. Great Lakes: Lake Ontario (Dead Man's Bay) Quantity 100,000 50,000 50.000 50,000 50,000 100,000 50,000 200,000 100,000 200,000 50,000 Whitefish Fry Great Lakes: Lake Superior 10,440,000 Lake Erie 81,970,000 Lake Ontario 50,000,000 Prince Edward : Bay of Quinte 90,500,000 Rainy River: Rainy Lake 17,265,000 Thunder Bav: Lake Nipigon 10,400,000 Herring Fry Great Lpkes: Lake Erie 5,725,000 Lake Ontario 5,500,000 Bass Fry and Fingerlings Algoma: Second Lake. Brant: Nith River Pinehurst Lake. Carleton: Ottawa River. . Rideau River. . , 1,000 500 500 500 1,000 Diifterin: Mono Centre Lake. Nipissing: Cache Lake Norfolk: Little Lake. . Peterborough: Pigeon Lake. Victoria: Sturgeon Lake. Pigeon Lake. . . Waterloo: Waterloo Dam Grand River , Paradise Lake New Dundas Dam. Long Lake Wentworth: Hamilton Bay. Wellington: Puslinch Lake. York: Lake Simcoe. Shadow Lake. Parent Bass Algoma: Lake Missinabie. Rainy River: Rainy Lake Sudbury: Crooked Lake. Parent Trout Thunder Bay: Nipigon River. Quantitv 500 500 Rainbow Trout Fingerlings Sudbury: Rapid River Wahnapitae River. Spanish River 500 500 500 500 500 1,500 500 500 500 500 1,000 500 500 1,000 292 277 300 600 600 600 1927 GAME AND FISHERIES 17 SUMMARY, 1926 Quantity Small-mouthed Black Bass Fry and Fingerlings 12,500 Speckled Trout Frj- and Fingerlings 1,085,300 Salmon Trout Fry 8,501,000 Pickerel Frv 13,820,000 Whitefish Fry 260,575,000 Herring Fry 11,225,000 Rainbow Trout Fingerlings 1 ,800 Parent Speckled Trout 300 Parent Bass ; 1,569 Total 295,222,469 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF DISTRIBUTION 1924 1925 1926 Small-mouthed Black Bass Frv and Fingerlings 338,000 12,500 Speckled Trout Frv and Fingerlings 1,898,500 676,700 1,085,300 Salmon Trout Fry' 7,801,000 7,320,425 8,501,000 Pickerel Frv 80,250,000 49,015,000 13,820,000 Whitefish Fry 437,469,000 246,125,500 260,575,000 Herring Frv. 32,475,000 45,050,500 11,225,000 Rainbow Trout Fjngerlings 15,000 3,000 1,800 Parent Speckled Trout 300 Parent Bass 1,111 611 1,569 560,247,611 348,191,736 295,222,469 18 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 GAME AND FISHERIES Return of the Number of Fishermen, Tonnage and V'alue of Tugs, Vessels and Boats, industry during Fishing Material No. of Men Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail and Row Boats Gill Nets No. Ton- nage Value No. Value No. Value Yards Value Kenora and Rainy River Districts. Lake Superior North Channel (Lake Huron) Georgian Bay (Lake Huron) 320 286 201 513 307 142 800 906 670 5 15 10 24 18 87 350 245 569 436 S 13,700 58.300 56,795 182,000 140,505 139 48 42 127 76 45 149 329 48 S 69,890 25,375 27,975 9^,805 42,610 16.400 147,960 134,805 22,125 78 58 64 93 45 81 155 253 195 $ 3,252 4,930 3,960 5,410 2,895 4.275 11,800 13,421 12,308 283,150 927,506 278,353 1,293,410 717,750 $ 50,777 84,487 32,850 136.85 7 109,365 Lake St. Clair, River St. Clair and Detroit River Lake Erie, including Upper Niagara 37 1,043 316,000 1,652,296 1.531,650 317,015 198,177 Lake Ontario, including Lower 138.881 Inland waters, including Ottawa River 10 214 40,500 34,446 Totals 4.145 119 2,944 807.800 1,003 585.945 1.022 62,251 7,001,130 785.840 Recapitulation of the kinds, quantities and Herring Whitefish Pike Pickerel (Blue) Pickerel (Dore) Kenora and Rainy River Districts Lake Superior North Channel (Lake Huron) Georgian Bay (Lake Huron) Lake Huron (proper) Lake St. Clair, River St. Clair and Detroit River Lake Erie, including Upper Niagara River. . Lake Ontario, including Lower Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers Inland Waters, including Ottawa River Total pounds . Values . lbs. 1,818,531 11,653 91,834 247,292 2,136 1,573,093 638.168 29,466 lbs. 671.407 317,024 238,268 1,126,787 155,351 1,275 868,137 1,822,444 1,204,159 lbs. 143.818 1,966,007 743,909 1,482,257 1,441.194 784,333 350,761, lbs. 838,734 5,807 62,932 92.506 1,276 24,930 19,603 159.041 90,657 lbs. 2,700 350 47,449 300 4,975 2,975,121 7,443 210 4,412,173 176.486 92 6,404.852 768.582 24 6,912,725 760.399 75 1.295.486 64.774 30 3.038,548 lbs. 1.409,195 95,712 135,021 41.110 127,772 55,231 192.501 61,793 188,847 2,307.182 323,005 48 1927 GAME AXD FISHERIES 19 DEPARTMENT, ONTARIO the Quantity and \'alue of all Fishing Materials and other Fixtures Employed in the fishing the year 1926 Fishing Material Other fixtures used in fishing Seine Nets Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip and Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves Total No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No. Value S 59 49 130 85 94 217 641 $ 16.925 24.775 63.100 70.270 53.300 25,650 354,300 62 S 3,390 $ S S 114 18 43 36 42 34 98 66 61 S 35.820 8.260 16.255 34.545 13,735 12,075 121.035 13.485 12,860 85 19 38 39 20 20 55 ,43 21 S 11.520 6.350 22,500 18,835 36,215 4,925 19,100 5,041 3,619 S 205 ^74 2,502 14,000 43,459 28,322 5,300 4,375 19,175 6,890 305 3,800 5,394 6,226 561 150 1,517 186 21'' 78' 10 33 500 931 2'7 735 4 700 497 19 79 553 623 404,851 69 771 37 6.645 12,800 445 5,562 5,885 10,450 470 7,716 39 53 699 277 1,251 21,570 6,044 1 4 39 2 385 186 1,180.225 5 329 575 46 31 13,000 121 911 153.901 131 26.152 25.018 1.306 621,320 1,134 33,686 44 573 124.023 18.139 140 990 512 268.070 340 128.105 3.337.737 values of fish caught during the year 1926. Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed Coarse Caviare Total Production \'alue lbs. 18.484 lbs. lbs. 12,373 300 19,7 73 4.088 90,858 88,926 1,715,919 113,201 22,270 lbs. 558,904 28 560 181.974 447,485 lbs. lbs. 5.972 lbs. 366,890 105,917 375.575 127.829 111,213 242.396 1,132,282 327,411 435,118 lbs. 1.028 4 59 5 72 523 1.817 20 1.271 lbs. 4.029,505 4.310.701 1,600.411 3,246,339 2,636.291 687.048 8,751.871 4.226,901 2,771,952 S c. 386,943 67 345,340 25 152.510 82 332.085 33 240,127 08 41.399 65 474 190 25 1.025 10.408 4.852 1 .589 52.846 26.186 139.976 103,638 2,. 308 41,468 3,629 197,421 196,787 43.191 251,327 4.126 7.760 16.389 49.569 410 122,859 26,691 7,021 ^94 771 88 59,417 8,120 276,317 35 174.199 149.960 2,067,708 1.197.071 329,087 742.103 3,224,631 5.294 32,261.019 $ c. 57,485 67 $ c. 17,995 20 $ c. 103.385 40 S c. 59,853 55 S c. 23,036 09 S c. 29,684 12 $ c. 128,985 24 S c. 8,470 40 S c. 2,643,686 28 20 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 Comparative Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of Ontario Kind 1925 1926 Increase Decrease Herring lbs. 4,555,473 7,058,186 7,325,698 1,316,325 3,445,310 2,567,767 245,462 182,470 2,331,629 910,796 344,765 814,682 3,281,965 4,807 lbs. 4,412,173 6,404,852 6,912,725 1,295,486 3,038,548 2,307,182 174,199 149,960 2,067,708 1,197,071 329,087 742,103 3,224,631 5,294 lbs. ' '286,275 487 lbs. 143,300 Whitefish 653,334 Trout 412,973 Pike 20,839 Blue Pickerel 406,762 Pickerel Dore 260,585 Sturgeon 71,263 Eels 32,510 Perch 263,921 TuUibee Catfish 15,678 Carp 72,579 Mixed Fish 57,334 Caviare Total 34,385,335 32,261,019 (net decre ase) 2,124,316 Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of Oj^tario for the Year 1926 as Furnished by the Fishermen's Annual Returns Kind Quantity Price per lb. Value Herring lbs. 4,412,173 6,404,852 6,912,725 1,295,486 3,038,548 2,307,182 174,199 149,960 2,067,708 1,197,071 329,087 742,103 3,224,631 5,294 $ c. 04 12 11 05 04 14 33 12 05 05 07 04 04 1 60 $ c. 176,486 92 Whitehsh. 768,582 24 Trout . ... 760,399 75 Pike 64,774 30 Blue Pickerel 121,541 92 Pickerel Dore x • • • 323,005 48 Sturgeon 57,485 67 Eels 17,995 20 Perch 103,385 40 Tullibee 59,853 55 Catfish Carp Coarse Fish Caviare 23,036 09 29,684 12 128,985 24 8,470 40 Total 32,261,019 $2,643,686 28 Value of Ontario Fisheries for a Period of Twenty Years, 1907 to 1926, Inclusive Year Value 1907 1,935,024 90 1908 2,100,078 63 1909 2,237,544 41 1910 2,348,269 57 1911 2,419,178 21 1912 2,842,877 09 1913 2,674,686 76 1914 2,755,293 11 1915 3,341,181 41 1916 2,658,993 43 Year Value 1917 2,866,424 00 1918 3,175,110 32 1919 2,721,440 24 1920 2,691,093 74 1921 2,656,775 82 1922 2,807,525 21 1923 2,886,398 76 1924 3,139,279 03 1925 2,858,854 79 1926 2,643,686 28 1927 GAME AND FISHERIES 21 Statement of the Equipment and its Value, used in the Fishing Industry of the Province OF Ontario, During the Year 1926 Values Tugs (2,944 tons).... Gasoline boats Sail or Row Boats Gill nets (7,001,130 yards), Seine Nets (26,152 yards). Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip Nets Baited Hooks Spears Freezers and Ice Houses. . . Piers and Wharves Men Employed S c. 807,800 00 585,945 00 62,251 00 785,840 00 25,018 00 621,320 00 33,686 00 573 00 18,139 00 990 00 268,070 00 128,105 00 Total Value of Equipment $3,337,737 00 Twenty-First Annual Report OF THE GAME AND FISHERIES DEPARTMENT 1927 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO ONTARIO TORONTO Printed and Published by the Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty 19 2 8 To His Honour W. D. Ross, Esq., Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario. May It Please Your Honour: I have the honour to submit herewith, for the information of Your Honour and the Legislativ^e Assembly, the Twenty-first Annual Report of the Game and Fisheries Department of this Province. I have the honour to be Your Honour's most obedient servant, Charles McCrea, Minister of Mines. Toronto, 1928. TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Game and Fisheries Department of Ontario To THE Honourable Charles McCrea, Minister of Mines. Sir: — I have the honour of placing before you the Twenty-first Annual Report of the work of the Game and Fisheries Department for the fiscal year ending on October 31st, 1927. Revenue A net re\'enue of 8721,576.25 was received and the total expenditure made of 8492,472.88, leaving a net surplus for the year of $229,103.37. Comparative Statement of Revenue and Expenditure, 1923-1927 Inclusive, as Shown BY THE Public Accounts Revenue Expenditure Surplus 1923 $621,148 08 $391,422 19 $229,725 89 1924 667,227 96 336,826 96 330,401 00 1925 709,455 73 354,736 09 354,719 64 1926 682,063 32 399,744 24 282,319 08 1927 721,576 25 492,472 88 229,103 37 It will be noted that both the re\'enue and the expenditure increased over those of the previous year, although the increase in re^•enue was not proportionate compared with the increase in expenditure, resulting in a somewhat diminished surplus in 1927. Statistics The statistical tables accompanying this report show in detail the kinds, quantities and values of game fish, also the varieties and quantities of fry and hngerlings raised in the Provincial Hatcheries and the locations of the waters in which these fry and fingerlings were distributed. In addition, there will be found statistics pertaining to the fur trade as well as other branches of the Department's work. These figures have been very carefulh- i:)repared and afford interesting and \aluable information. Fish The statistics of the commercial fisheries of the Proxince arc in accordance with the following table: — 1925 1926 1927 (iill nets licensed (yards) 6,877,398 7,001,130 7,172,456 Seines " 139 131 144 Pound nets " 1,334 1,306 1,224 Hoop nets " 1,195 1,134 959 Uip and roll nets licensed 43 44 47 Sjjears licensed 144 140 123 Hooks " 98,607 124,023 100,632 [3] THE REPORT UPON No. 9 1925 1926 1927 Number of men employed 4,263 4,145 4,156 Number of tugs 112 119 118 Number of gasoline boats 1,018 1,003 1,006 Number of sail or row boats 1,086 1,022 1,040 Value of boats, ice-houses, wharves and twine $3,235,510 00 $3,337,737 00 $3,257,190 00 Aggregate catch in pounds 34,385,335 32,261,019 34,896,975 Values to fishermen $2,858,854 79 $2,643,686 28 $3,229,143 57 A perusal of the detailed Re\enue Statement published elsewhere in this report will reveal the fact that during 1927 the revenue derived from angling licenses was in excess of that obtained from the commercial fishermen in license fees and royalties, which was chiefly due to the substantially increased revenue secured under the issue of angling licenses. The following statement of revenues derived from the sale of angling licenses during the years 1924 to 1927 inclusive will be of interest. 1924 1925 1926 1927 Revenues from angling licenses $105,862 50 $128,115 00 $145,913 50 $172,327 25 Hatcheries As has been stated elsewhere, accompanying this report will be found statistical tables showing in detail the quantities and varieties of fry and fingerling deposited in the various waters of the Province from the Department's hatcheries located at Mount Pleasant, Glenora, SaultSte. Marie, Normandale, Port Carling, Port Arthur, Fort Frances, CoUingwood, Wiarton, Kenora, Sarnia, Southampton, Kingsville and Belleville and for comparative purposes, the following figures show a summary of total distribution for the past three years. 1925 1926 1927 Maskinonge Frv and Fingerlings 68,000 Whitefish Frv.'. 246,125,500 260,575,000 448,789,750 Pickerel Frv '. 49,015,000 13,820,000 223,945.000 Salmon Trout Frv and Fingerlings. . 7,320,425 8,501,000 21,465,375 Herring Fry. ... .' 45,050,500 11,225,000 18,410,000 Rainbow Trout Fry and Fingerlings 3,000 1,800 3ipeckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings 676,700 1,085,300 1,444,050 Black Bass Fingerlings 12,500 5,425 Parent Black Bass 611 1,569 Parent SpeckledjTrout 300 606 348,191,736 295,222,469 714,128,206 Biological Ixvestigatiox.s During the summer of 1927, biological surveys were carried out on two hun- dred and thirty-three {233) lakes and streams in the province, and, to date of writing, biological data ha\"e been accumulated from a total of three hundred and twelve (312) waters. The purpose of these studies is to determine the species of fish best suited to the waters and to make such recommendations for restocking as will assist in using them to their best possible adx'antage. We estimate the numbers of fish to be planted, after coordinating the follow- ing data: — (a) Biological, physical and chemical characters of the waters. (b) The size of fish planted. (c) Area of the water. (d) The extent of fishing. This is not an arbitrary estimate, but one based on the recent findings of scientific investigators, 1928 GAME AND FISHERIES The recommendations for the waters in\-estigated during the current year as regards species were as follows: Speckled trout, 66; lake trout, 24; brown trout, 3; small-mouth black bass, 80: large-mouth black bass, 12; pickerel, 2; pike, 2 ; maskinonge, 1 ; number of waters considered unsuitable for game fish, 46; number of waters closed, 6. In some cases, two species of fish have been suggested for the same waters and this accounts for the apparent discrepancy in the total number of waters investigated. \4 V Fig. 1. — A series of vvhitefis'i (Coregonus clupeaformis-Mitchill) si.eciiiiens — age, one year — reared at Glenora Hatcliery. Actual lengths vary from 2Jj inches to 3' he inches. Biological studies were continued on Lake Simcoe at con\enieni interxals during the summer. A special study of the cause of carp mortality in the lake was undertaken. In this regard the F'ish Culture Branch worked in cooperation with the Department of Public Health Laboratories and some interesting results have been obtained. I^xperimental work is still in progress. Bif)logical studies of the Thames watershed were commenced and plans are being made to continue the work more intensively next year. 6 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 A study of the probable destruction of lake trout spawn by ling was carried out on Silver Lake, South Sherbrooke, Lanark County. Following is a quotation from a report submitted on this subject: — "A string of gill nets was set at various places in the lake to determine the spawning grounds of the trout. When these were found, nets were set over and in the vicinity of them throughout the period. Other settings at various places in the lake were made to determine the movements, if any, of the fish during this time. The results of the settings would seem to show that the order of abundance of the fish in this lake is as follows: Lake trout, pike, suckers, ling, rock bass. However, the lake trout figures were obtained when they were on the spawning grounds. Approximately eighty per cent. (80%) of the trout caught was liberated carefully and in good condition at the time of lifting. "Sixteen ling in all were obtained from fourteen gill net settings, as compared with 77 trout, 36 pike, 30 suckers, 13 black bass. It would appear, therefore, that the ling are not .far in excess of the other fish in this lake. "A careful analysis of the stomach contents of these ling revealed no fish eggs of any kind. However, it did show that eighty-five (85%) per cent, of the stomach contents of the ling consisted of fish and fish remains; of which thirty-four per cent. (34%) of the identifiable material was ciscoes. Thus, they comjjete with the lake trout for food. Of the remainder of the stomach contents, fourteen per cent. (14%) consisted of one of the varieties of whitefish food. "Analyses of ling stomachs from several other points in Ontario have also been made — thirty-eight in all — twenty-six of which came from Lake Nipigon. The summary of these would indicate that approximately ninety per cent. (90%) of the stomach contents was of fish origin. A large percentage of this was ciscoes. Many cisco eggs were present, liberated in the digestive processes, probably from the ciscoes eaten. I'he only other eggs found were, three whitefish eggs. "Because of the few specimens caught in Silver Lake, it is suggested that an effort be made to secure more specimens of ling during the spawning period of 1928, in order that a more complete report may be made." Investigations were conducted on the Scugog River below Lindsay; the Thames River below Chatham ; Sydenham River below Wallaceburg and Sixteen- mile Creek below Milton, as a result of specific complaints in regard to objection- able stream pollution. Corrective measures were suggested in order to control tlie various trade wastes entering the waters in question. Fig. 2. — Scale taken from white- fish (Coregonus clupeaformis- Mitchill), reared at Glenora Hatchery. Age, one year. One winter band indicated. Investigations were made on that portion of Newboro Lake known as "The Bog," and recommendations made in regard to setting it aside as a Game and Fish Preserve. The muskrat situation, along the Severn River, was studied and it was recommended that a constant water level be maintained, by allowing more water to escape at periods of high water and less during periods of drought. Outstanding work in fish culture was carried on with whitefish and maskinonge. The manager of the Glenora Hatchery, after much persistent endeavour and experimentation with artificial feeding, has succeeded in rearing whitefish in the hatchery up to three years of age. Some first year specimens 1928 GAME AND FISHERIES /r .r'SSS'.'T-^iJ^ .*W5f^%^ .<''.A. fK '■'^'^ W-: •^5^*. 7>*g \ 0) o to in c a> .5 c 0)10 O" . to tn •■= G .;2 o 0) (U '/■' \ .'V^'' 8 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 measured from 2}^ to 3\f inches. (Fig. 1.) A specimen which had attained its second year measured 6tV inches. (Fig. 3.) Photographs of scales show the rate of growth of these specimens. (Figs. 2 and 4.) Preliminary experimental work was carried out in regard to the artificial hatching of maskinonge. A portable hatchery was located on the Pigeon River, near Omemee, and the results were most promising and instructive. The hatch amounted to 70,000 fry. This hatch was obtained from three females and nine males. Bass propagation during the past year was disappointing. Thorough enquiry has been made in regard to bass culture in virtually every state that has a bass hatchery in the United States, and a review of the statistics accumulated convinces us that the pond culture of bass cannot of itself improve the bass situation in our provincial waters. The pond culture of bass is most uncertain. Fig. 4. — Scale showing two winter 1 ands taken from whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis- Mitchill), reared at Glenora Hatchery. Age, two years. The chief drawback is that black bass do not permit of artificial culture like the trouts, and, after constructing ponds, building nests for the bass, etc., the output, annually, is not large enough to meet a small fraction of the demand for small-mouth black bass. The output is interfered with on account of canna- balism among the bass, changing temperatures — which sometimes are so variable during spawning season as to cause a total loss — and the lack of proper food staples. A graph showing a representative series of temperatures, taken at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. from bass pond No. 7, Mount Pleasant Hatchery, is included in the report. The graph (Fig. 6) illustrates the fluctuating temperatures which during the spawning season are such as to prove disastrous in bass culture. Before this report went to press, experimental work with bass was resumed at Mount Pleasant for 1928, and it was found that closing off the water supply- ing the individual ponds at 6 p.m. and turning it on at 9 a.m. the following morning if the sun was shining and if the weather continued mild and warm reduced temperature fluctuations very considerably. 1928 GAME AND FISHERIES 10 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 Now, the question is: "What can be done to improve the bass fishing in waters satisfactory for the species?" We do not wish to discredit hatchery practice with bass, but we are convinced that it cannot alone satisfy the demand nor save the situation, since the output from year to year is relatively small and cannot be relied on definitely. However, conserving the bass supply of our lakes and streams may be brought about in the following w^ays: (1) By setting apart natural spawning areas. The success of this method is said to be well established in the State of Minnesota, United States. •-*•/» T7f-il Sr*/^ 3k.m.^J «./», Tlr-^.r^.,..!^ «-«.../- V./.^.y. (2) By setting aside lakes in certain districts for propagation purposes. The eflficacy of this method was tried out by the Department in Long Lake in 1903. Four hundred and sixty adult bass were introduced into the lake and it was closed for a period of years. This has been responsible for the natural restocking of the Lake of the Woods and the restocking of other lakes in the district. Fox Lake, also, in Kenora District, was stocked with fingerlings in 1913 and 1915 and the success of this was phenomenal. This lake has been used solely for propagation purposes and supplies bass to other lakes in the district. A number of lakes have been studied since in order to determine their suitability for bass propagation. (3) By protecting the bass during their spawning period. The Department is convinced that the validity of the law which prohibits fishing for bass before July 1st, should show itself in no uncertain fashion in a few years. The closed season may be extended, in certain waters, when scientific evidence demonstrates the necessity of such a step. The only argument which will be instrumental in 1928 GAME AND FISHERIES 11 changing the views of those opposed to this law will be the practical one of the increase of bass and, consequently, good fishing. (4) By further restricting the bag limit. Artificial culture of speckled trout is progressing favourably. The total number of shipments of fish in various stages of development for the year was six hundred and ninety-eight, and of these there were two hundred and ninety -one shipments of speckled trout. At the headwaters of Normandale Creek the Department maintains a series of ponds, covering a total area of approximately twelve acres. During the past year speckled trout measuring five inches in length were distributed to public waters from this hatchery. The hatcheries at *7 "■ t X " i j 1 , , . . 1 ; ' 1 i X. t_^ltll4l jJ,. , 1. - . - J ' i " \i " \ J ■ »"■ ' * ' ' " ii "" A nTi j'Li' Zi ±i '~ : I M; V rV fflf* r TM: M : \j\fg\- V Wf*^ llJMj \| 11 im^ .. .-_.-j---. \A^]i-\ t:t:':h: f.y:^^;* t :y:H;l|:y "jl;':!: ;' : ::: -r*^ H,"''" 'i.T-Tt-S-— 1 ■ U- .1 ^. - . 1 11 IJlii .-,:::::: \\ n ■ [ - - ■ 1 r- - 1 _ __._______.__...-- y^j-^tr-"''^'') S'~^'< '/""-J •'•>>'■?'—/••'--/.'•-, ^-' '•'7, '7r^Ap/,....^-»t,ii,y-. MoiRit Pleasant, Sault Ste. Marie, Wiarton and Southampton, were successful in propagating fingerlings up to three inches in length. On the whole the class of fish planted was good. Sixty-nine per cent, of the speckled trout planted could be classed as fingerlings of various grades. Complaints registered against the class of fish planted were negligible. Speckled trout plantings made in certain waters for the first time are being carefully followed up in order to try to estimate the number of possible surxixors. Three graduates in honour biology of the Lhiiversity of Toronto, assisted the Department's i)iologist during the summer months. Dr. G. I. Hoo\er, a graduate in chemistr\-, rnixersity of Toronto and Cambridge, England, also assisted with field work during the summer. j^ THE REPORT UPON No. 9 Crown Game Preserves During the past year the Department continued to develop its system of Crown Game Preserves and the following table will show the Crown Game Preserves now established, with their locations and areas. Area Preserve County or District (acres) Bobcaygeon Game Preserve Victoria and Peterborough 1,700 Boyd Game Preserve York 300 Chapleau Game Preserve Algoma and Sudbury 1,824,000 Chippewa Game Preserve Thunder Bay 2,728 Conroy Marsh Game Preserve Renfrew 3,300 Dumfries Game Preserve Waterloo and Brant 25,000 Dundas Marsh Game Preserve Wentworth 2,750 Darlington Game Preserve Durham 298 Eden Game Preserve Wellington 1,470 Eugenia Game Preserve Grey 5,200 Falcon Game Preserve Kenora 15,000 Glendale Game Preserve Wentworth 450 Gloucester Game Preserve Carleton 200 Hiawatha Game Preserve Algoma 160 Hope Game Preserve Durham 1,920 Huron Game Preserve Huron 1,000 Innisfree Game Preserve Simcoe 4,000 Iroquois Game Preserve Manitoulin 150 Loch Garry Game Preserve Glengarry 6,400 Longford Game Preserve Victoria 43,726 Marmora Game Preserve Hastings 10,300 Masonville Game Preserve Middlesex 6,500 Meadowvale Game Preserve Peel 200 Miner Game Preserve Essex 1 ,280 Midland Game Preserve Simcoe 1,500 Nopiming Game Preserve Renfrew and Carleton 1,540 Nottawasaga Game Preserve Simcoe 1,200 Peasemarsh Game Preserve Grey 300 Peel Game Preserve Peel 2,225 Puslinch Game Preserve Wellington 704 Pickering Game Preserve Ontario 5,060 Richmond Game Preserve Parry Sound 56 Southwold Game Preserve Elgin 200 Sudbury Game Preserve Sudbury 15,300 Superior Game Preserve Thunder Bay 575,000 Silver Lake Game Preserve Norfolk 3,100 Township 82 Game Preserve Sudbury 5,760 Wilder Lake Game Preserve Cirey 371 York Game Preserve York 1 15,000 Total 2,685,348 Game Big game. The majority of hunters reported a successful season. For comparative purposes, the following figures show the number of hunting licenses issued for the past six years. 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 Resident Moose 1,584 1,098 1,385 1,291 1,359 1,379 Resident Deer 20,504 17,677 19,517 17,034 23,392 21,111 Non-resident Hunting 1,256 1,247 1,651 1,581 1,698 2,237 Ruffed Grouse {Partridge). — The scarcity of these game birds warranted the close season and until this species becomes re-established in fair quantities, a continuance of this close season is desired. Sharp-tailed Grouse {Prairie Hen). — This species is confined to the north- western portion of the province and they are found there in considerable numbers. 1928 GAME AND FISHERIES 13 Quail. — These birds are mainly confined to the south-western portion of the province, chiefly in the Counties of Essex and Kent where their numbers are increasing. Ducks were obtained in goodly numbers and the hunting of these birds was a source of satisfaction to large numbers of sportsmen. Pheasants {English Ring-neck). — These birds are reported to be on the increase in various sections of eastern Ontario and especially in the Niagara Peninsula. The propagation of pheasants has been carried on by the Department since 1922 at the Bird Farm located on the Eugenia Crown Game Preserve, and last year from this Bird Farm the Department distributed 981 live birds and 26,280 eggs. The demand for settings of pheasant eggs continues in excess of the supply we have for distribution. Furs The total number of pelts on which royalty was paid during the year was somewhat in excess of that of the previous year, although general conditions respecting fur-bearing animals do not show any noticeable improvement. Bear. — While the catch decreased, this species would appear to be holding its own. Beaver show a further decline in spite of the restrictions which have been placed on the trapping of these animals. Fisher would appear to be quite plentiful; this species apparently being one of the few which are increasing in number. Fox. — The different varieties of this species, namely, cross, red and silver and black, would appear to be on the decline. Lynx. — Conditions would indicate that this is another animal which is on the increase. Marten would appear to be about the same, the numbers remaining practically stationary. Mink.— The catch of 1927 shows a considerable decrease and the decline of these animals is evident. Muskrat. — While the succeeding table would show an increased catch last year, the catch is not a true indication of conditions and this is another species on the decrease. Otter. — Conditions would seem to indicate quite a decline in these animals. Raccoon. — The diminished catch is an indication of the declining numbers of these animals. Skunk. — The catch shows quite a decrease compared with that of the previous year, althf>ugh the nimibers of these animals would appear to be about the same. 14 THE REPORT UPON No. 8 Comparison of Phlts, Other than Ranch-raised, Exported and Tanned for Six Years 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 Bear 2,137 1,447 1,399 2,014 1,635 1,472 Beaver 93,971 70,684 50,233 48,364 27,597 20,738 Fisher 2,657 2,339 1,910 1,936 2,618 3,904 Fox (Cross) 469 1,154 1,082 2,801 4,175 3,502 Fox (Red) 11,272 12,329 14,695 22,198 30,535 26,112 Fox (Silver or Black) 87 205 167 433 620 403 Fox (White) 1,765 1,501 362 974 226 977 Fox (not specified) 170 34 28 61 165 136 Lynx 836 1,177 2,332 2,200 3,884 4,568 Marten 7,327 4,704 3,661 3,125 3,177 3,261 Mink 78,487 58,634 82,466 68,138 65,299 37,628 Muskrat 554,888 478,820 533,256 534,739 387,022 469,947 Otter 5,309 3,997 5.096 4,622 4,304 3,168 Raccoon 20,344 15,752 21,976 22,157 21,002 15,958 Skunk 73,219 54,770 58.130 67,100 75,503 59,488 Weasel 94,399 61,603 51,163 34,365 63.599 72,645 Wolverine 6 20 12 8 11 15 Total 947,343 769,070 827,948 814,935 691,372 723,922 The value of the pelts as shown in the abov^e list, to the trapper, is $3,559,697.23, which places this province as a producer of fur, as compared with the other provinces of the Dominion, in the lead by fully $1,000,000. To be added to the above are 2,432 ranch-raised fox pelts of which 2,027 were exported and 405 tanned in the province, and which pelts, under the terms of Fur Farmers* Licenses, are exempt from the payment of royalty. Fur Farming Fur farming still continues to receive a great deal of attention from the public and while formerly it was largely confined to fox farming, numerous inquiries are now being received concerning possibilities of raising, in captivity, other species of fur-bearing animals, particularly muskrat and beaver. In view of the inquiries which have been made, and in order to be in a position to properly advise prospective fur farmers, the Department established an Experimental Fur Farm at Balsam Lake in the County of Victoria, and the first bulletin arising out of the work being carried on at this Experimental Fur Farm under the heading of "Practical Observations on the Fox and Proven Treatises of Common Ailments" is now being published, and when the same is available for distribution, a copy will be forwarded, free of charge, to all the licensed fur farmers in the province. Fur Farmers' Licenses issued 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 284 392 624 783 986 Animals Stocked on Licensed Farms at December 31st Beaver Fisher Fox (Cross) Fox (Red) Fox (Silver Black) , Fox (Blue) Lynx Mink Muskrat Opossum 1924 1925 1926 1927 10 29 100 142 6 2 28 48 386 459 397 444 347 725 397 314 3,006 4,940 7,095 9,664 40 49 56 2 2 3 2 97 136 468 826 2,904 7,182 1,107 1928 GAME AND FISHERIES 15 Raccoon Skunk Bear Marten Weasel (Ermine) Total *Exciusive of Muskrat. tincludes only pen-raised muskrats. 1924 1925 1926 1927 149 306 290 619 136 100 49 91 11 13 4 7 2 7 21 4 7,056 13,936 *8,887 tl3,345 Wolf Bounties The number of applications for wolf bounty increased to a very great extent over the previous year. Fur buyers found that there was a great demand for wolf fur for trimming, thus increasing the price of the wolf pelt, which, added to the bounty, would bring to the trapper in many instances $30 or $40. The use of the snare has also been a great assistance to the trapper. A diagram of how to make a snare can be procured from the Department. There were received during the past year, applications for wolf bounty for 5,514 wolf skins, being an increase over the previous year of 1,695 wolf skins. Most of these applications, upon examination, were found to be in accordance with the Wolf Bounty Act, and the bounty paid. In some instances, however, the skins accompanying the application were found to be those of dog, fox or animal other than a wolf and the application for bounty was in consequence refused. Comparative Statement of Wolf Skins Received and Bounties Paid For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1925. For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1926. For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1927. Timber Brush Pups Total Bounties 831 1,066 21 1,918 $25,465 62 1,022 2,690 107 3,819 51,994 42 1,041 4,414 59 5,514 82,970 07 Enforcement of The Act The enforcement of the provisions and regulations of the Ontario Game and Fisheries Act under the various district wardens and local overseers has been performed in a very satisfactory manner, and these officers received capable assistance during the spring and fall seasons by the seasonal overseers who were appointed at these periods for the better protection of fish and game. Summary of Convictions and Fines Convictions reported 723 Fines collected $9,635 41 A great man\- articles were confiscated during the \"car, including: — 2,354 Pelts 47 Deer and moose hides 1 10 I,i\e animals 5,711 Pounds fish 207 Pieces gill nets 7,485 Yards gill nets 20 Dip nets 10 Hoop nets 21 Seine nets 1 Pound net 23 Trap nets 2,340 Hooks 4 Grapples 2 (^.affs 55 Spears 102 Rods and lines 763 Trajjs 246 Fire-arms 1 1 Ga.soline boats 16 Row boats 5 Canoes 15 Punts 4 Trucks 0 MoLor C'lrs 21 Jack-lights and lanterns 29 Deer 310 Pounds \enison 240 Pounds moose meat 40 Partridge 6 Ducks 25 Plieasants 175 Decoys 1 Steam yacht 45 Miscellaneous 16 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 All confiscations are sold at advertised sales by tender, other than such articles as are sold by the Department to the former owner, when circumstances warrant. Acknowledgments In conclusion, I desire to publicly express my appreciation for the assistance and support rendered to the Department throughout the year, not only for the loyalty of the staff of both the inside and outside service, but for the assistance of the transportation companies and the Fish and Game Protective Associations, whose officials and employees assisted our officers in the performance of their duties. Several statistical tables will be found appended to this report. All of which is respectfully submitted. I am, Sir, Your obedient servant, D. McDonald, Deputy Minister of Game and Fisheries. 1928 GAME AND FISHERIES 17 APPENDIX No. 1 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1927 Speckled Trout Fiy and Fingerlings Algoma: Quantity Trout Lake 5,000 Moose Lake 5,000 Agawa River 5,000 Mongoose River 5,000 Spruce Lake 5,000 Loon Lake 10,000 Hobon Lake 5,000 Alva Lake 5,000 Sand Lake 5,000 Deer Lake 5,000 Carpenter Lake 15,000 WartzLake 5,000 Beryl Lake 5,000 Island Lake 5,000 Magpie River 5,000 Mountain Lake 5,000 Fish Lake 5,000 Teal Lake -. 5,000 Michipicoten River 5,000 Montreal River 5,000 Chippewa River 5,000 Brant: St. George's Mill Pond 3,500 Bruce: Phillips Creek 10,000 Sullivan Creek 5,000 Colpoy's Creek 5,000 Judges Creek 5,000 Rourke's Creek 5,000 Langside Creek 5,000 Markman Creek 5,000 Muskrat Creek 1,000 Sharp's Springs 1,000 Thacker Creek 1,000 Pettigrew Springs 1,000 Durham: Mount Pleasant Creek 5,000 Moons Creek 5,000 Mount jovs Creek 1,000 Glass Creek 3,500 Kendal Creek 5,000 Tucker's Creek 5,000 Allen's Creek 3,500 Liskard Creek 3,500 Mill Pond near Millbrook 5,000 Langstaffe Stream 5,000 Pasture Creek 5,000 Orono Creek 3,500 Patterson's Creek 3,500 Muldrew's Stream 5,000 Johnson's Creek 5,000 Soper's Stream 5,000 Hall's Creek 5,000 Barton's Creek 5.000 Unnamed waters 5,000 Gifford's -Stream 5,000 Elliott's Stream 5.000 Sculthorp's Stream 5,000 Broadfoot's Creek 5,000 Rutherford's Creek 3,500 Dufferin: Quantity Cemetery Creek 5,000 Nottawa Creek 5,000 Elgin: Silver Brook 3,500 Golden Brook .. 3,500 Fanning Brook 3,500 Alward Creek 3,500 Wintermute Creek 2,000 Frontenac: Sharbot Lake 5,000 Trout Lake Creek 5,000 Charlton Creek 5,000 Grey: Beaver River : 5,000 Svdenham River. ..;;...; 11 ,000 Silver Creek 8,500 Palmer Pond 5,000 Markdale Waterworks Stream and Pond 5,000 Huron: Sharp's Creek 15,000 Stoltz Creek 5,000 Johnston's Creek 5,000 Porter's Creek 5,000 Haliburton: Blue Lake 1,000 Gold Spring Lake 5,000 Fletcher Lake 5,000 Halton: Bronte Creek 5,000 Murray's Creek 3,500 Twelve Mile Creek 5,000 Hastings: Lake St. Peter 10,000 Baptiste Lake 2,700 Rawdon Creek 5,000 Burk's Creek 5,000 Mayhew's Millpond and Creek 5,000 Spring Brook Creek 10,000 Bird's Lake 5,000 Black Jack Creek 5,000 1 lawkin's Creek 5,000 Lanark: Paul's Lake 2,800 Clyde River 5,000 Middlesex: Duncrief's Creek 3,500 Manitoulin: Hluc Jay Creek 3,500 Muskoka: Lake \ernon 1.000 Fairy Lake 1.000 East River 1.000 Echo Lake 1-000 18 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1927- -Continued Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings Niplssing: Otter Lake Crooked Lake Four Mile Creek North River Fatty Lake Crystal Lake Twin Lakes Harrington Lake Lake Alexander Norfolk: South Creek Forest v'i lie Creek. Sterling Creek. . . Northumberland : Woodland Creek Muttons Creek Trout Creek West Creek Barrett's Creek Baltimore Creek Cold Creek Dartford Creek Jackson's Creek Burnley Stream Russ Creek Philip's Creek Shelter Valley Creek. Dawson Creek Forestell's Creek Braden Creek Staple's Creek Colton Creek Hefferons Creek Dempsey Creek Rowes Creek Big Creek Hess Creek Colborne Creek Coheen Creek Haynes Creek Crosby Creek Goodfellow Creek. . . . Grill's Creek Simpson Creek Mitchell's Creek Robert Shread Creek. Salt Creek McQuoid's Creek. . . . Burnley Bay Ontario: Spring Creek on Meadow Brook Farm Community Lake Lount Stream Fitzpatrick Stream Oxford: Brooksdale Creek. Folden's Creek. . . Parry Sound: Rock Lake . . . . Bacon Lake. . . Distress River. Quantity 5,000 3,000 5,000 5,000 3,500 5,000 5,000 5.000 5,000 1,000 3,000 3,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 3,500 6,000 5,000 5,000 1,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 6,000 5,000 5,000 3,500 3,500 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 5,000 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 Parry Sound — Continued Eagle Lake South River Lynx Creek Hughes Lake Baldick's Creek Muris Creek Barrett's Creek Beaver Lake Peterborough : Ouse Creek Spillsbury Creek. . Plats Creek Sedgrick's Creek. . Buchanan's Creek. Sunset Stream. . . . Birdsall Stream. . . Comstock Creek. . Peel: Montgomery Creek, Credit River Spring Creek Fergeson Creek. . . . Perth: Creek on farm of Lot D, Con. 8. . Renfrew: Brennan's Creek. Gultz Creek Rapid Creek. . . . Malone's Creek. . Contant Creek. . . Rodden's Creek. . W. Jeffery, Simcoe: Pine River Boyne River Coldwater River. . . Copeland's Creek. . Sturgeon Kiver. . . . Nottawasaga River. Pretty Rivers Bear Creek Hog Creek Dummond Creek. . Hark Creek Baxter Creek McTague's Creek. . Solomon Creek .... Sudbury: Massey Creek. Emery Creek. Rapid River. . , Pump Creek. . Geneva Creek. Markstay Silver Creek. . Thunder Bay: Allen Creek Trout Lake Long Lake Moose Lake McKenzie River. Lake Wideman . . Quantity 7,000 5,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 1,000 5,000 3,500 5,000 5,000 5,000 15,000 5,000 3,500 3,500 28,500 3,500 3.500 3,500 1,000 1,000 1.000 1,000 1,000 1,000 3.500 3.500 5.000 5.000 3.500 13,500 3,500 8,500 5,000 5,000 5,000 3,500 3,500 1,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 1,000 27,000 10,000 7,000 7,000 2,0000 7,000 >\ 1928 GAME AND FISHERIES 19 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN \921~Continued Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings Thunf'er Bay — Continued Twin Lake Lower Twin Lake Upper Twin Lake Silver Lake Pearl River Mclntyre Creek Three Mile Creek , Mc\'icar's Creek Cold water Creek Stewart Lake , Spring Creek Deception Lake Anderson Lake Currant River Neebing River Nipigon River Eraser Creek Castle Lake Sunset Lake McKenzie Lake Clegg Lake Mirror Lake Lake Ada Whitehorse Lake Biggar Lake Pratt Lake Mountain Lake Gulch Lake Lost Lake Q Timiskaming: Moffatt Creek Hudson Creek Matagami River. . . Red Stone Bristol Creek Craft's Creek Shaw's Creek Water Cress Creek. Mount Joy Grassy Creek Red Sucker Creek. , Kamascotia River. St. Jean Baptist. . . Waterloo: Mill's and Blair's Creek and Dam Bowman's Creek Lautenslaeger Creek Cook's Creek Mill Lake Blair Goettings Creek Enny's Creek Duniart's Creek Wentworth: Mclntyre's Creek Leslie's Creek Spencer Creek Wellington: Gaynor's Stream Farewell Creek Ponds at Ontario Reformatory uantitv 10,000 7,000 7,000 30,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 7.000 10,000 10,000 30,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 17,000 7,000 10,000 10,000 7,000 7.000 7,000 10,000 10,000 7,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 6.000 50 3,500 1,000 3,500 2,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 5,000 5,000 1 ,000 5,000 1,000 5,000 Parent Speckled Trout Durham: Boys' Training School Creek. . Grey : Holland Lake Quantity 150 150 Norfolk: Patterson's Creek Spooky Hollow Stream, Silver Lake Wellington: Prison Farm Creek. 50 50 56 150 Salmon Trout Fry and Fingerlings Great Lakes: Lake Ontario 3,015,000 Lake Superior 5,700,875 North Channel 1,-144,000 Lake Huron 4,770,000 Addington: Loon Lake Bass Lake Little Weslemkoona Lake. Algoma: Trout Lake Basswood Lake Sand Lake Island Lake Chiblau Lake Keichel Lake Oba Lake Lonely Lake Achigan Lake Lake Anjigami Lake Constant Bull Lake Frontenac: Sharbot Lake. Cross Lake. . . . Crow Lake. . . . Trout Lake. . . Brule Lake. . . . Canonto Lake . Indian Lake. . . Buck Lake. . . . Haliburton: Drag Lake Spruce Lake Daves Lake Gull Lake Mountain Lake. . . . Hollow Lake Deer Lake Clear Lake Bare Lake Wolf Lake Pine Lake Paint Lake Paudash Lake Twelve Mile Creek. Centre Lake Stormv Lake 15,000 15,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 15,000 30,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 25,000 15,000 15.000 30,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15.000 15.000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15.000 15,000 30,000 30,000 15.000 15,000 20 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1927— Continued Salmon Trout Fry and Fingerlings Hastings: Eagle Lake Baptiste Lake. . . Lake of Islands. . Dickies Lake. . . . Burnt Lake Bass Lake Trout Lake L'Amable Lake. . Capoway Lake. . . Clear Lake Crooked Lake . . . Cedar Lake Fongamong Lake . Kenora: Lake of the Woods. Eagle Lake Lanark: Silver Lake. . . Christie Lake. Leeds: Charleston Lake. Rideau Lakes. . . , Otter Lake Muskoka: Lake \'ernon ... Fairy Lake Mary Lake Peninsular Lake. Clear Lake , Bella Lake Long Lake Skelton Lake. . . Rebecca Lake. . . White Lake. Fo.x Lake Doty's Lake. ... Waeosa Lake. . . Nipissing: Trout Lake. . . Crooked Lake. Fatty Lake Tasso Lake. . . , Parry Sound: Deer Lake Ahmic Lake Clear Lake Sugar Lake and Creek. Sand Lake Home Lake Maple Lake Bacon Lake Eagle Lake Duck Lake Kashee Lake Bay Lake. Quantity 15,000 30,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 25,000 25,000 15,000 15,000 40,000 85,000 15,000 15,000 30,000 30,000 15,000 30,000 15,000 15,000 30.000 15,000 30,000 15,000 30,000 15,000 25,000 15,000 30,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 45,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 Georgian Bay 3,340,500 Otter Lake 30,000 East Lake 15,000 Raven Lake 15,000 Renfrew: Clear Lake Barry's Bay Golden Lake. . . . Long Lake ...... Wadsworth Lake. Trout Lake Sudbury: Long Lake Trout Lake Wahnapitae Lake. Devils Lake Pike Lake Marion Lake Thunder Bay: Lake Nipigon Lake Shebandawan. Keemle Lake Lac des Mille Lacs. Hasel Lake Cloud Lake Little Dog Lake. . . Sturgeon Lake Timiskaming: Twin Lakes Lake Timagami. . . . F"rere Lake Crystal Lake Clear Lake York: Lake Simcoe. Pickerel Addington: Beaver Lake South Beaver Lake Quantity 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 945,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 15,000 25.000 30,000 15,000 15,000 25,000 100,000 100,000 Algoma: Echo Lake 10,625,000 Lake of the Mountain 50,000 Cataract Lake 50,000 Cataract River 50,000 Bruce: Lake Huron 57,050,000 Durham: Rice Lake. Frontenac: Clear Lake Sharbot Lake Cross Lake Crow Lake Sydenham Lake Bobs Lake Elbow Lake Fall River Crotch Lake Long Lake Warren's Lake Thompson Lake Milk Lake Fourteen Island Lake. Beaver Creek Salmon River 100.000 100,000 200,000 200,000 100,000 100,000 400,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 50,000 100,000 1928 GAME AND FISHERIES 21 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AXD KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1927— Continued Pickerel Grey: Sauble River. . . . McCaslin's Lake. Hasties Creek. . . Glengarry: St. Lawrence. Haliburton: Clear Lake. . . Brady's Lake. Hastings: Stoco Lake. . . . Eagle Lake. . . . Moira Lake. . . Salmon River. Burnt Lake. . . Hawkin's Bay. Quantity 300,000 50,000 50,000 200,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 200,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 Kenora: Lake of the Woods 59,700,000 Eagle Lake 200,000 Lake Niagara 200,000 Lambton: Sydenham Ri\'er. Lanark: Dalhousie Lake. . Mississippi Lake. Black Lake Otty Lake Christie Lake. . . . Mississippi River. Patterson Lake. . Bennett's Lake. . Kerr's Lake Leeds: Rideau Lakes Lower Beverley Lake. 100,000 200,000 200,000 100,000 100,000 200,000 500,000 100,000 100,000 200,000 400,000 100,000 Muskoka: Muskoka Lake 275,000 Joseph Lake 250,000 Lake Rosseau 275,000 Sparrow Lake 1,000,000 Three Mile Lake 100,000 Muldrew Lake 100.000 Koshee Lake 100,000 Nipissing: Lake Nipissing. Ethier's Lake. . Trout Lake. . . Hogarth Lake. Tanner Lake. . Northumberlan*!: Crow Bay Trent River. . . . Colter's Bay. . . Ontario: Lake St. John. 200,000 50.000 50,000 50,000 100,000 100,000 600,000 100,000 100,000 Parry Sound: Magnetawan River. Ahmic Lake Star Lake Distress River Doe Lake Blackstone Lake. . . Wliitestone Lake. . . Isabella Lake Quantity 100,000 250,000 100,000 100.000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 Georgian Bay 4,600.000 Crane Lake. Wah-Wah-Keish Lake. St. Bernard's Lake. . . . McQuaby's Lake Poverty Bay Shawanga Hardy Bay 100,000 100,000 10,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 50,000 Prince Edward: Consecon Lake 100,000 West Lake 100,000 East Lake 100,000 Bay of Quinte 27,900,000 Peterborough: Deer Lake Oak Lake Otonabee River 10,000 100,000 100,000 Rainv River: Rainv Lake 45,050,000 Renfrew: Barry's Bay Petawawa River. Cormac Creek. . . 100,000 100,000 100,000 Simcoe: Lake Couchiching 1,000,000 Severn River 3,100,000 Sudbury: Trout Lake Apsey Lake Matagamasi Lake. Thunder Bay: Sturgeon Lake. . . . Timiskaming: Lake Seskinika. Echo Lake Lillabelle Lake. 100,000 100,000 100,000 200,000 200,000 100.000 100,000 \irtoria: .Sturgeon Lake 1,000,000 Balsam Lake 250,000 Lake Dalrymple 200,000 Waterloo: Grand River and Creek 100,000 Whitefish Fry Great Lakes: Quantity Lake Superior 3,500,000 North Channel 1,815,000 Lake Huron 13,250,000 Lake Erie 75,895,000 Lake Ontario 41.000,000 Algoma: Oba Lake 500,000 22 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 WATERS STOCKED WITH QUANTITIES AND KINDS OF FISH PLANTED IN 1927^Continued Whitefish Fry Kenora: Quantity Lake of the Woods 12,950,000 Eagle Lake 2,000,000 Parry Sound: Georgian Bay 64,800,000 Prince Edward: Bay of Quinte ■.-...■.... 208,209,500 Rainy River: Rainy Lake 16,870,250 Thunder Bay: Lake Nipigon 8,000,000 Herring Fry Great Lakes: Lake Erie 770,000 Lake Ontario 3,500,000 Frontenac: White Lake. Leeds: Bass Lake. . Parry Sound: Lake Bernard . 50,000 50,000 50,000 Prince Edward: Bay of Quinte 13,990,000 Frontenac: Cranberry Lake. Hastings: Crow Lake Lanark: Dalhousie Lake. Christie Lake. . . Middlesex: Dingman's Creek. Muskoka: Sparrow Lake. . . . Nipissing: Lake Nipissing. Parry Sound: Ahmic Lake. . . Peterborough: Pigeon Lake. Stoney Lake. Simcoe: Severn River. Little Lake. . - Sudbury: Ramsay Lake . Victoria: Balsam Lake. Quantity 300 200 200 500 125 200 500 200 200 200 800 500 300 200 Bass Fingerlings Addington: South Beaver Lake Sharbot Lake Durham: Scugog Lake . Rice Lake 200 200 200 200 Wellington: Puslinch Lake. Maskinonge Fry Victoria: Pigeon River. 200 86,000 24 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 APPENDIX GAME AND FISHERIES Statistics of the Fishing Industry in the Public Waters of the EcuiP No. District Lake of the Woods, Kenora and Rainy River Districts, Inland Waters Lake Superior North Channel Georgian Bay Lake Huron River St. Clair, Lake St. Clair and Detroit River Lake Erie and Upper Niagara River. . . Lake Ontario, Lower Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers Sundry Inland Waters Totals 4,156 No. of Men 312 300 198 572 305 127 769 878 695 Tugs No. Tons Value 23 411 258 715 396 3 227 2,959 4,700 56,600 71,000 221,500 100,755 250 45,500 797.305 Gasoline Launches No. Value 141 62 41 141 76 40 147 298 60 1,006 69,300 37,480 21,275 103,080 54,960 15,500 150,715 137,250 28.460 618.020 Sail and Row Boats No. Value 115 79 65 92 37 75 140 245 192 4,962 6,045 4,30/) 4,640 2,460 4,630 8,734 12,384 7,712 55,867 Gill Nets Yards Value 350,940 1,021,740 334,04 1,492,050 808,155 1,406,655 326,254 7,172.456 49,924 92,989 43,170 155,184 101,805 193,453 142,439 36,635 QU.\NTITIES OF No. District Herring Whitef^sh Trout Pike Pickerel (Blue) Pickerel (Dore) 1 Lake of the Woods. Kenora and Rainy lbs. lbs. 628,454 336,675 214,400 1,559,583 191,494 531 747,964 1,503,272 983,301 lbs. 121,583 2,196.726 756,225 1.726,272 1,669.572 lbs. 941,692 7,014 111,085 91,910 305 30,792 8,371 124,351 84,610 lbs. 26,987 lbs. 1,162,697 2 2,459,357 10,144 19,417 253.746 55 2.308.686 730,822 27,692 78,801 3 112,529 4 56 158 3,783 3,078,085 8,137 96,551 S 187.864 6 River St. Clair, Lake St. Clair and Detroit 44.005 7 8 Lake Erie and Upper Niagara River. . . . Lower Niagara, Lake Ontario and St. 179 713,497 313,691 166,995 40,878 226,011 Totals 5.809,919 6,165,674 7,497.745 1,400.130 3,117,206 2.116.331 $ c. 348,595 14 $ c. 801,537 62 $ c. 974.706 85 $ c. 98.009 10 $ c. 187,032 36 $ c. 275.123 03 1928 GAME AND FISHERIES 25 No. 2 DEPARTMENT, ONTARIO Province of Ontario, for year en ling December 31st, 1927 MEXT Seine Nets Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip and Roll Nets Night Lines Sp ears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves Total Value No. Yards Value No. Value No. V^alue No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No. Value $ 65 44 127 81 119 206 543 $ 17,995 15,785 9,767 76,550 66,400 23,750 303,700 60 S 2,330 S $ S 118 20 32 46 40 31 86 64 49 38,130 9,125 15,755 32,235 15,750 11,650 120,500 14,350 14,140 96 24 32 44 21 17 51 42 19 $ 16,340 8,815 22,325 12,370 6,550 3,215 15,625 9,530 3,385 S 203,681 1,204 5,000 38,982 26,416 4,350 2.300 17.525 4.855 110 1,200 7,233 5,046 383 142 653 170 226,949 10 22 350 510 189,142 4 600 530 15 71 613,903 353,726 32 5,945 11,500 955 6,920 3,830 8,825 995 7,745 62,958 39 45 597 225 1,110 21,809 7,655 2 4 41 4 360 287 1,099,808 8 340,020 61 39 14,475 108 839 167,003 144 25,920 21,925 1.224 528,422 959 33,764 47 651 100.632 14,937 123 910 486 271,635 346 98,155 3,257,190 Fish Taken Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed Coarse Caviare Total Value lbs. 16 062 lbs. lbs. 23,892 16 14.534 4.231 93,972 66,695 2.490,555 100,770 23,344 lbs. 540,396 1,201 1 ,359 265,437 713,776 lbs. 119,905 lbs. 12,412 1,475 4,063 50,229 1.544 140.279 196,972 68,536 293,148 lbs. 211,536 70,050 414,629 150.416 121.044 194,745 985,901 325.135 482.979 lbs. 787 12 222 705 434 1.812 610 1,081 lbs. 3.806.403 5.151.563 1,649,059 3,969,778 3,245.658 548.642 10,068.657 3.842.161 2,615,054 $ c. 381.340 56 248 490.698 64 10,064 . 15 1,255 662 57.859 42.395 107,029 80,206 170.988 89 4,199 476.679 40 10,816 347,222 45 9,464 35,829 17 40,742 662,978 51 5.667 55,641 110,908 16.095 2,549 27,255 389,504 81 273,901 14 152.903 127.003 2,818,009 1,551,973 409,326 768,658 2,956,435 5.663 34,896,975 S c. 61.161 20 S c. 10.160 24 S c. 169.080 54 S c. 108.638 11 S c. 32.746 08 S c. 38,432 90 S c. 118.257 40 $ c. 5,663 00 $ c. 3,229,143 57 26 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 APPENDIX No. 3 Comparative Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Provinxe of Ontario Kind 1926 1927 Increase Decrease Herring Whitefish Trout Pike Blue Pickerel. . Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Coarse Fish . . . Caviare Total. 4,412,173 6,404,852 6,912,725 1,295,486 3,038,548 2,307,182 174,199 149,960 2,067,708 1,197,071 329,087 742,103 3,224,631 5,294 5,809,919 6,165,674 7,497,745 1,400,130 3,117,206 2,116,331 152,903 127,003 2,818,009 1,551,973 409,326 768,658 2,956,435 5,663 1,397,746 ' 585,020 104,644 78,658 750,301 354,902 80,239 26,555 '369 32,261,019 34,896,975 *2. 635,956 239,178 190,851 21,296 22,957 268,196 *Net increase. APPENDIX No. 4 Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of Ontario for the Year 1927 Compiled from the Fisherman's Annu.\l Returns Kind Quantity Price per Pound \'alue Herring lbs. 5,809,919 6,165,674 7,497,745 1,400,130 3.117.206 2.116,331 152,903 127,003 2,818.009 1,551,973 409.326 768,658 2,956.435 5,663 $ c. 0 06 13 13 07 06 13 40 08 06 07 08 05 04 1 00 $ c. 348,595 14 Whitefish Trout Pike 801,537 62 974,706 85 98,009 10 Blue Pickerel 187,032 36 Pickerel (Dore) 275,123 03 Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee. 61,161 20 10.160 24 169,080 54 108,638 11 Catfish Carp 32,746 08 38,432 90 Coarse Fish 118,257 40 Caviare 5,663 00 Total 34,896,975 3,229,143 57 1928 GAME AND FISHERIES 27 APPENDIX Xo. 5 Value of Ontario Fisheries for a Period of Twenty Years, 1908 to 1927, Inclusive Year \'ahie 1908 2,100.078 63 1909 2,237,544 41 1910 2,348,269 57 1911 2,419,178 21 1912 2,842,877 09 1913 2,674,686 76 1914 2,755,293 11 1915 3,341.181 41 1916 2,658,993 43 1917 2,866,424 00 Year Value 1918 3,175.110 32 1919 2,721.440 24 1920 2,691,093 74 1921 2,656.775 82 1922 2,807,525 21 1923 2,886,398 76 1924 3,139.279 03 1925 2.858,854 79 1926 2.643.686 28 1927 3,229,143 57 PRODUCeDBV Twenty -Second Annual Report OF THE GAME AND FISHERIES DEPARTMENT 1928 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO SESSIONAL PAPER No. 9, 1929 ONTARIO TORONTO Printed and Published by the Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty 19 2 9 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 Following is a comparative table in which is outlined total annual revenue and expenditure of the Department during the past five years, 1924 to 1928, and the surplus in each year: Revenue Expenditure Surplus 1924 $667,227 96 $336,826 96 $330,401 00 1925 709,455 73 354,736 09 354,719 64 1926 682,063 32 399,744 24 282,319 08 1927 721,576 25 492,472 88 229,103 37 1928 733,259 75 518,054 96 215,204 79 As in the two years previous, the Department, during 1928, continued to increase its work along enforcement and conservation lines, with the result that expenditures were greater. While the revenue collected continued to show an increase during the year, such increase was not sufficient to take care of the additional expenditure, with the result that the surplus during the period reported upon shows a slight decline. Statistics Accompanying this report will be found statistical tables showing in detail varieties and quantities of fry and fingerlings of the various species of fish raised in the Provincial hatcheries; and the designation and location of the waters in which such fry and fingerlings were deposited. Likewise there will be found statistics pertaining to fishing and the fur trade, as well as other branches of the Department's work. The figures referred to have been carefully prepared, and afford interesting and valuable information. Fish Statistics with reference to commercial fishing in the Province are as follows: 1926 1927 1928 Gill nets licensed (yards) 7,001,130 7,172,456 7,269,528 Seines licensed 131 144 160 Pound nets licensed 1,306 1,224 1,225 Hoop nets licensed 1,134 959 880 Dip and roll nets licensed 44 47 58 Spears licensed 140 123 88 Hooks licensed 124,023 100,632 52,467 Number of men employed 4,145 4,156 4,128 Number of tugs 119 118 114 Number of gasoline boats 1 ,003 1 ,006 959 Number of sail or row boats 1,022 1,040 1,018 Value of boats, ice-houses, wharves and twine $3,337,737.00 $3,257,190.00 $3,432,528.00 Aggregate catch in pounds 32,261,019 34,896,975 33,381,704 Values to fishermen $2,643,686.28 $3,229,143.57 $3,033,924.42 Reference to the statement of revenue, which appears elsewhere in this report, shows that the sum of $314,413.58 was derived as a result of fishery activities in the Province, which may roughly be classified as $185,445 from angling, non-resident license fees and the balance of $128,968.08 from com- mercial fishermen in payment of license fees and royalty, angling for the second consecutive year being responsible for the greater proportion of this income. Ontario is rapidly becoming popular on account of the splendid opportun- ities it affords for satisfactory angling. Undoubtedly the increasing numbers of anglers who derive their sport in this Province are taking their toll of our resources, but this Department is not neglecting the restocking and conservation problems, which are receiving continually increasing attention both from the practical and biological viewpoints. GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1928 Hatcheries At the Department's hatcheries located at Mount Pleasant, Glenora, Sault Ste. Marie. Normandale, Port Carling, Port Arthur, Fort Frances, Colling- wood, Wiarton, Kenora, Sarnia. Southampton, Kingsville and Belleville, the work of fish culture is carried on, with various species of fish. The following table shows the results obtained at these hatcheries during the past three years. 1926 1927 1928 Maskinonge Fry and Fingerlings 68,000 53,000 Whitefish Frv 260,575,000 448,789,750 346,172,000 Pickerel Frv 13,820,000 223,945,000 155,921,750 Salmon Trout Frv' and Fingerlings 8,501,000 21,465,375 22,806,090 Herring Fry 11,225.000 18,410,000 17,830,000 Rainbow Trout Fry and Fingerlings 1,800 419 Speckled Trout Frv and Fingerlings 1,085.300 1,444,050 1,669,600 Black Bass Fingerlings 12.500 5,425 60,833 Parent Black Bass 1,569 90 Parent Speckled Trotit 300 606 200 295,222,469 714,128,206 544,513,982 The distribution of the 1928 production is detailed on other pages of this report. In all, six hundred and fifty-eight shipments were required to complete this distribution, as follows: — Number of Shipments Speckled Trout Fingerlings 166 Speckled Trout Fry Ill Speckled Trout, Parent 2 279 Lake Trout 134 Pickerel 125 Whitefish 50 Herring 13 Bass Fingerlings 42 Bass Fry 8 Bass, Parent 3 53 Maskinonge 2 Rainbow Trout Fingerlings 2 658 shipments. Biological Studies Biological surveys of lakes and streams and specific problems of importance to fisheries were continued under the supervision of the Department's Biologist, Mr. H. H. MacKay. In this work he was assisted by Messrs. R. A. McKenzie and K. Hamilton, graduates in biology of the University of Toronto, and by Messrs. W. L. Dibbon (2), J. .Savage (1), A. E. Allin (3),' R. F. Cain (2), R. J. Perkin (1), undergraduates in biological courses at the University of Toronto; and by Messrs. G. W. McCracken (4), G. C. Toner (4). R. w'. Peavoy (4), undergraduates of Queen's University, Kingston, in biology, or in a course combined with biology. The number after each name signifies the student's year at university. There is a very great scarcity of qualified men available for field work. Nevertheless, with the ever-increasing interest, increasing demand and possi- bilities for such work, future prospects for trained men for fisheries' investiga- tions are hopeful. In future it is desirable that sufficient graduates maybe available and that the Department ma>- also secure for summer's work the services of active university teachers, especially qualified in fisheries' investigations. THE REPORT UPON No. 9 In studying the various lakes and streams standardized methods of procedure have been employed. Lake and stream cards illustrated on pages six, seven, eight and nine, indicate in condensed form the data obtained. These methods have been compared with ones in vogue in certain states of the United States. The methods are so designed that the various waters may be compared physic- ally, chemically and biologically. In this way a fund of information is obtained that is invaluable and forms a comprehensive basis for restocking. The informa- tion must be obtained as quickly as possible and at the same time be consistent with accuracy. As pointed out in previous annual reports, the purpose of biological surveys is to gain a knowledge of the fish best suited to the environment; the number of fish which should be planted according to the conditions of food and shelter; the most satisfactory places to plant the fish ; the most satisfactory period to plant fish of different sizes and ages. The latter depends on the food habits of the fish. The available food supply is fundamentally important and must be studied as carefully and as extensively as possible. DEPARTMENT OF GAME & FISHERIES STREAM CARD NAME SYSTETM MAPS TOWNSHIP CONCESSION INVESTIGATOR MIDDLE PART VOLUME OF FLOW VELOCITY OF FLOW VEGETATION, MARGINAL VEGETATION, SUBMERGED WATER. COLOUR WATETi, TURBIDITY WATER, TEMPERATURE AIR, TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN NATURAL FOOD GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1928 POOL CONDITIONS AND COVER POLLUTION postetd areas PHOTOGRAPHS (INDEX NO J OBSTRUCTIONS SPAWNING GROUNDS PLANTING PLACES MILEAGE AVAILABLE FOR STOCKING STOCKING POLICY PER MILE SPECIES OF FISH PLANTED SPECIES 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 D A L NO. D A L NO. D A L NO. D A L NO. D A L NO. SPECKLED TROUT BROWN TROUT RAINBOW TROUT PICKEREL S. M. BASS L. -M. BASS MASKINONGE — SPECIES 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 J^ A L NO. D A L NO. D A L NO. D A L NO. D A L NO. SPECKLED TROUT BROWN TROUT RAINBOW TROUT PICKEREL S. M. BASS L. M. BASS MASKINONGE ABBREVIATIONS: D — DATE; A — AGE; L — LENGTH THE REPORT UPON No. 9 DEPARTMENT OF GAME & FISHERIES COUNTY TOWN LAKE CARD VALUE SYSTEM TOWNSHIP CONCESSION INVESTIGATOR MAPS BOOK NO. ROUTE DATE GEOLOGY AREA DEPTH, MAXIMUM DEPTH, AVERAGE INLETS OUTLETS SPRINGS SHORES BOTTOM VEGETATION, MARGINAL VEGETATION, SUBMERGED WATER, COLOUR WATER, TURBIDITY WATER, TRANSPARENCY WATER, TEMPERATURE AIR, TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN PH NATURAL FOOD POLLUTION POSTED AREAS PHOTOGRAPHS (iNDEX NO.) OBSTRUCTIONS SPAWNING GROUNDS FISH PLANTING PLACES REMARKS SPECIES OF FISH PLA lNT ED SPECIES 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 D A L NO. D A L NO. D A L NO. D A L NO. D A L NO. WHITEFISH HERRING LAKE TROUT SPECKLED TROUT BROWN TROUT RAINBOW TROUT PICKEREL S. M. BASS L. M. BASS NL\SKINONGE GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1928 SPECIES 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 D A L NO. D A L NO. D A L NO. D A L NO. D A L NO. WHITEFISH HERRING LAKE TROUT SPECKLED TROLT BRO\\-X TROUT RAINBOW TROUT PICKEREL S. M. BASS L. M. BASS ^L\sKI^•o^-GE — 1 ABBREVIATION'S: n D.^TE; A .\GE; L LENGTH Biological surveys were carried out on seven hundred and seven (707) lakes and streams in 1928, which is four hundred and seventy-four (474) more than in 1927. This brings the total of individual studies to one thousand and nineteen (1,019). The number of waters studied in the various counties and districts of the Province so far is as follows: — Table I. — Biological Surveys of Waters Algoma 18 Brant 5 Bruce 21 Carleton 1 Dufferin 3 Durham 13 Elgin 5 Frontenac 29 Glengarry 1 Grey 18 Haliburton 56 Halton 6 Hastings 26 Lambton 1 Lanark 6 Leeds 4 Lennox and Addington. 6 Lincoln 2 Kenora 1 Middlesex 5 Muskoka 58 Nipissing 10 Norfolk 8 Northumberland 10 Ontario 3 Oxford 13 Parry Sound 38 Peel 3 Perth 3 Peterborough 24 Prince Edward 2 Rainy River 6 Renfrew 29 Simcoe 57 Sudbury 13 Temiskaming 3 Thames Watershed .... 472 Thunder Bay 8 Victoria 7 Waterloo 13 Welland 2 Wellington 4 Wentworth 4 York 2 Total 1,019 The biological surveys tabulated above include studies of all the lakes and streams in the township of Oakley in Muskoka, and in the township of Matchedash in Simcoe county. The planting of fish is one which demands painstaking thoroughness. For the waters so far studied the most suitable planting places have been defined as far as possible. However, it is obvious that it is a very difficult matter to define in words the most suitable locations for planting. Considerable education along these lines is necessary, unless the planting of the fish is taken over by the hatchery officials and the Biologist of the Department and his assistants, entirely. Plans are being made to hold meetings in the various districts of the Province, in order to explain the purpose and importance of biological surveys of lakes and streams, the principles underlying a practical stocking policy, and the methods which should be employed in planting fry, fingerling and adult fish. 10 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 Applications for fish for the year 1927-28 numbered 1,142. disposed of as follows: — Table II. — Disposition of Applications for Fish, 1927-28 Speckled Trout. Lake Trout .... Rainbow Trout . Brown Trout . . Black Bass Pickerel Whitefish Herring ♦Pike Maskinonge . . . . No. of Applications 456 207 18 2 177 204 55 20 2 1 1,142 No. Filled 283 138 2 58 124 52 13 670 No. Cancelled Waters Unsuitable 50 35 8 1 34 5 182 No. Cancelled Duplicate Applications 11 14 1 io 5 These were No. Brought Forward (Biological Studies Necessary) 112 20 7 1 75 24 2 6 247 ♦Applications not granted, since pike are not propagated by the Department. In addition to the general lake and stream surveys, the following special problems were undertaken: — Messrs. H. H. MacKay and R. A. McKenzie commenced a study of the effect of hoop-netting on game fish in the waters of the Rideau System and Lake Ontario. Considerable information of a statistical nature has been com- piled ^ and for the ensuing year the fishermen will be provided with blank forms, as shown on page ten, in order that we may follow the trend of the fisheries and make regulations accordingly. District wardens and overseers will check up the recording of this valuable information. Doubtless, there will be some objections to this taken by the fishermen, but with the assistance of the overseers the difficulties, if any, should be overcome. Studies in connection with hoop- netting may be extended to include, — firstly, the interdependence of coarse fish in these waters with the game fish, and secondly, a study of the spawning periods, and thirdly, the most satisfactory mesh of netting to use which will protect the fish requiring protection. ONTARIO GAME & FISHERIES DEPARTMENT Biological Branch Date Set Date Lifted Air Temp. Water Temp. oa CQ rt oa P5 CQ :§ i O o ear, although it is again found necessary to report that general conditions respecting fur-bearing animals do not show much noticeable improvement. Bear. — Catch remains practically stationary, an indication that this species continues to hold its own. Beaver. — Catch during 1928 shows some increase. It appears advisable to continue present restrictions as to the taking of these animals. Fisher. — Would appear to be somewhat more numerous in view^ of reports and increased catch, though still scarce. Fox. — There would appear to be slight decline in the different varieties of this animal. Catch for the year remained practically stationary. Lynx. — Conditions remain unchanged. This species is rather scarce. Marten. — Conditions similar to those which describe lynx would appear to prevail regarding these animals. Mink. — Continued decrease in catch. Would appear to be getting scarcer. Miiskrat. — The increased catch in 1928 is not a correct indication of con- ditions governing this species. Their numbers appear to be decreasing. Otter. — Catch increased considerably during 1928, but this species continues scarce. Raccoon. — Generally speaking, these anim.als would appear to be gradually losing ground. Skunk. — During 1928 the catch shows a considerable increase. This is one of the few species which are holding up. Weasel. — Increased catch of 1928 and reports generally indicate a slight improvement in conditions here. The following table compares for the past six years, pelts of fur-bearing animals, other than those which were ranch-raised, on which royalty was paid: — 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Bear 1,447 1,399 2,014 1,635 1,472 1,575 Beaver 70,684 50.233 48,364 27,597 20,738 22,040 Fisher 2,339 1,910 1,936 2,618 3,904 5,400 Fox (Cross) 1,154 1,082 2,801 4,175 3,502 4,116 Fox (Red) 12,329 14,695 22,198 30,535 26,112 25,943 Fox (Silver or Black) 205 167 433 620 403 646 Fox (White) 1,501 362 974 226 977 590 Fox (not specified) 34 28 61 165 136 160 Lynx 1,177 2,332 2,200 3,884 4,568 3,845 Marten 4,704 3,661 3,125 3,177 3,261 3.492 Mink 58,634 82,466 68,138 65,299 37,628 32,009 Muskrat 478.820 533,256 534,739 387,022 469,947 514,161 Otter 3.997 5,096 4,622 4.304 3,168 4,510 Raccoon 15,752 21,976 22,157 21,002 15,958 13,513 Skunk 54.770 58,130 67,100 75.503 59,488 79.442 Weasel 61,603 51,163 34,365 63,599 72.645 79,425 Wolverine 20 12 8 11 15 19 Total 769,070 827,948 814,935 691,372 723,922 790,886 18 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 The value of the above pelts to the trapper was $3,927,506.28, and this Province continues to set the pace as the leading producer of fur among the provinces of the Dominion. In addition to the above the total of ranch-raised foxes, on which no royalty is payable, which passed through the fur farms of the Province was 3,433 of which 2,566 were exported and the balance of 867 dressed in Ontario. These had a value of $379,751.18. Fur Farming This branch of industry continues to show expansion due to increasing interest on the part of the general public, and in view of conditions as they at present affect the wild fur-bearing animals in the Province, there would appear to be future possibilities in this branch. Fur Farmers' Licenses issued by the Department during the past five years are as follows: — 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 392 624 783 986 1,148 and while efforts in this line were originally confined practically to the fox, the appended table shows the extended scope it is assuming, and the increasing number of species with which the 1,148 fur farmers of the Province are experi- menting. Animals Stocked ox Licensed Farms at December 31st 1925 Beaver 29 Fisher 2 Fox (Cross) 459 Fox (Red) 725 Fox (Silver Black) 4,940 Fox (Blue) 40 Lynx 2 Mink 136 Muskrat 7,182 Oppossum .... Raccoon 306 Skunk 100 Bear 13 Marten 2 Weasel (Ermine) .... Badger .... 1926 1927 1928 100 142 98 28 48 54 397 444 353 397 314 365 7,095 9,664 12,555 49 56 60 3 2 6 468 826 1,247 1,107 2,016 290 619 831 49 91 62 4 7 13 7 21 20 4 2 4 Total 13,936 *8,887 tl3,345 117,686 *ExcIusive of Muskrat. flncludes only pen-raised muskrats. GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1928 19 EXPERIMENTAL FUR FARMING The first general report in connection with this branch of the Department's activities is set forth herewith, for general information: — "It can be said without fear of contradiction that the Experimental Fur Farm is the most comprehensive plant in existence conducted for the scientific study of fur farming. The farm has an area of one hundred acres, which is roughly divided into three portions, arable land, marsh and bush. "The whole acreage is enclosed by a fence with an overhang which serves the double purpose of preventing any animal inside the fence from escaping and also prevents undesirable animals from gaining access to the breeding grounds of the muskrats and beaver. "Modern dwellings have been erected for the help with every convenience installed. Buildings have been provided to facilitate the care and feeding of the animals, including a cook-house, meat-house, work shop and barn. For the study of diseases a laboratory has been established, with up-to-date equip- ment, for research w^ork. "The creek which flows through the farm has been bridged and every portion of the enclosed area is accessible. One of the most desirable features of the farm is the marsh, which can be said to be almost ideal for the propagation of muskrat in the natural state and contains a heavy growth of aquatic plants of many varieties. "On the farm will be found a very unique collection of animals, including silver, black, white, red, and cross fox, fisher, lynx, mink, marten, skunk, rac- coon, beaver, muskrat, moose and deer; also wild ducks, swans and Canada geese. Two wolves are also kept for exhibition purposes. "Oiie of the first problems facing the breeder of fur-bearing animals is that of suitable housing, and considerable experimental work has been done along this line and is still in progress. All species of fur-bearing animals require warm dry nests, dampness or draughts are invariably fatal over a period of time. "It has been found with beaver that they require a pen so constructed that they have access to the water at all times. Beaver kept on dry land quickly show the effect, the fur becomes dry and harsh and a condition of a purulent nature affects the eyes. The most satisfactory pen for beaver consists of a dark house, from which leads a tunnel into the water. The house must be high and dry, as well as damp and draught proof. "Fox pens of different styles have been built in order to determine the most suitable arrangement, taking into consideration, mainly, the need for shade and the best material for flooring. "It was found that the foxes raised in pens providing partial shade had a better texture to the fur than those raised in open pens without shade. Due to the ever-increasing mortality among foxes from parasitic infection, three different types of floors have been installed, viz.: wood, cement, and gravel, in order to ascertain which of these three materials is the most efficient in prevent- ing the hatching out of the eggs laid by the adult parasites, and which in turn infect the fox. "The Experimental Fur Farm is finding that the wood and cement floors are much more efi^ective than the gravel ones. "Mink and muskrat houses featuring a central alley with the nest boxes and feed pans under cover, and the wire runs extending from both sides of the alley have been built, and are a big improvement over open pens entirely exposed 20 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 to the weather. It is possible with this type of house to observe the animals without disturbing the entire nest, which is not the case where the den is placed in an open pen and covered with straw. "With the many different varieties of animals on hand, the study of the most suitable and economical rations occupies a very important place in the experimental work carried on at the farm, and will continue to do so for many years to come. "The fur farmei is faced with many new problems in this respect not encount- ered by the breedeis of domestic animals, who have years of experience and experimental data to draw from. At all times the effect of various feeds on the colour and texture of the prime pelt has to be carefully considered. At the Experimental Fur Farm very definite data has been obtained with the colour phase of silver fox. While cereals such as corn meal, rolled oats and whole wheat flour may be fed the year round, if such food is continued through the summer months the colour of the pelt is decidedly affected. Any feed containing large quantities of fat, including whole milk, tends to produce a rusty pelt in late fall. It is also becoming evident that fur farmers as a rule are feeding too much meat, heavy meat feeding having a tendency to produce off-colour pelts. "The question of how far fish can be substituted for meat with fur-bearing animals will be thoroughly investigated this year and it is hoped that reliable data will be secured on this point. "It is found that animals will thrive on feed that cannot in any way be said to be their natuial feed. Beaver, for example, will do well on a diet of roots and grain, and are very fond of bread. The fur farmer cannot, when operating on a commercial basis, feed the natural feed of the animal, and extensive experi- ments are required to find out how far it is possible to go from the natural without depreciating the pelt value and affecting production of young. ' "Many problems in regard to breeding have arisen in the fur farming indus- try, particularly to in-breeding and line breeding. It is claimed by some that the mating of closely related animals is detrimental to the offspring; while others, again, claim that it is the only possible method by which a unifoim strain of animal, showing desirable characteristics, can be bred. "Results at the Fur Farm tend to show that where judgment is used, in-breeding is a desirable method of producing high-class stock, but the greatest care must be taken that only the best animals be used for such purposes, as the bad as well as the good points of the parents are intensified. It will take con- siderable time to find out how far it is possible to in-breed a certain family, and still produce healthy, virile stock. Such experiments are now in progress at the Fur Farm. "There is a steadily-growing demand for advice and help to combat the various diseases that are being found among fur-bearing animals. It is only to be expected as the number of animals kept in captivity increases and fur farms become more congested that new diseases will arise that at present are unknown or go unrecognized by the owner. "In the past it has been the short-sighted policy of many fur farmers to keep a secret any deaths among their stock; particulaily has this been the case where the sale of breeding stock has been bringing high prices. To date, the greatest detriment to the health of fur-bearing animals comes mainly from two sources — parasitic and dietetic. These animals are particularly susceptible to parasites, due to their being kept in small enclosures, with the result that the ground becomes completely saturated with the infection, and medicinal remedies GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1928 21 have only a temporary effect as the animal in a short time becomes re-infected. This continual sapping of their vitality by parasites is very apparent on many ranches, both in production and pelt depreciation. Parasitic infection has become the most serious hazard the fox rancher has to face to-day and it is a question whether many of them are going to be able to overcome the conditions already established in their ranches and still remain in the business. "Researches at the Experimental Fur Farm are being carried on. especially on the lungworm. It is interesting to note that foxes sent to Western Canada quickly recover from this woim and the disease is unknown in the Prairie Prov- inces. Due to its location in the lungs and windpipe, this worm is impossible to kill by direct medication, and is being attacked from other angles, by sanitary flooring of pens by which it is hoped the hatching of eggs will be prevented. "The hook and round worm are found to be present in 95 per cent, of foxes sent for examination and also cause a large annual loss to the fur farmer. It is found that most fur bearers harbour parasites, including muskrats, mink, marten, lynx, raccoon, fisher, and rabbits, and specimens from each have been identified. "Where wild animals are taken direct from the wilds and placed in captivity and have to eat whatever is given to them, it is to be expected that some dietetic troubles will arise. The fur farmer may leave out something that is essential for their welfare though it may be needed in only very small quantities. Espec- ially is this true of young animals born in captivity. Rickets, scur\'y and an acid condition of the blood are all met with. Considerable investigation as to feeds counteracting these conditions are being carried out. It has been found with mink that a straight cereal and meat diet produces a condition which resembles acidosis. This can be quickly relieved by feeding small quantities of lettuce and canned tomatoes, which seem to reduce the blood to normal. "Enquiries on every subject connected with fur farming are received, and whenever possible suitable information is supplied. Many post-mortem exami- nations have been carried out and the findings reported to the owners. Through- out the summer months, numerous live animals are brought to the farm for treatment. There appears to be an ever-increasing demand for such services on the part of the public. "Fur farming is attracting a wide-spread interest. The correspondence received comes from everj^ Province in the Dominion and especially the Prairie Provinces." Wolf Bounties During 1928 the Department received applications for the payment of bounty on 5,988 wolves, an increase of nine per cent, over the number of appli- cations received in the previous year. The Kenora, Rainy River and Thunder Bay Districts supplied 4,862 of these applications, or over 80 per cent, of the total. In addition to the above, bounties were paid on approximately two hundred wolf pelts received in the Department during the fiscal year ending October 31st, 1927, but too late for payment in that period. Comparative Statement of Wolf Skins Received and Bounties Paid For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1925. For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1926. , For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1927. . For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1928. . Timber Brush Pups Total Bounties 831 1,066 21 1,918 $25,465 62 1,022 2,690 107 3,819 51,994 42 1,041 4,414 59 5,514 82,970 07 1,231 4,878 64 6,173 91,297 27 22 THE REPORT ITPON No. 9 Enforcement of the Act The enforcement of the provisions and regulations of the Ontario Game and Fisheries Act was performed in a satisfactory manner by the field officers charged with this work; and the service rendered by the District Wardens and the various overseers under their respective jurisdictions was capably augmented during the Spring and Fall spawning, and deer-hunting seasons by additional seasonal overseers appointed during these periods for the better protection of fish and game and enforcement of the Act. In nine hundred and sixteen cases in which parties were charged with fish and game violations, convictions were secured. Fines and costs assessed in these cases amounted to $18,933.35. In eight hundred and ninety-three of these cases seizures of goods and equipment were made, which summarized may be set forth as follows: — Pelts 2,512 Fire-arms 290 Deer and Moose hides 15 Gasoline boats 10 Live animals 26 Row boats 10 Fish 5,650 lbs. Canoes 22 Gill nets 123 pieces Punts 12 2,075 yds. Motor cars 3 Dip nets 20 Jack lights and lanterns 9 Hoop nets 14 Deer and Moose 10 Seine nets 16 Venison 450 lbs. Bull nets 9 Moose meat 435 lbs. Trap nets 3 Partridge 10 Hooks 3,799 Geese and ducks 23 Grapples 1 Pheasants 10 Gaffs 2 Quail 32 Spears 37 Decoys 45 Rods and lines 122 Miscellaneous 45 Traps 1,200 In accordance with the usual practice, confiscated articles were disposed of by tender at sales which were advertised in the press, except in cases where articles were sold to the former owner where circumstances warranted. The amount received from these sales is shown in the statement of revenue which appears at the beginning of this report. Acknowledgments In conclusion, I desire to publicly express my appreciation of the assistance and support which has been rendered to the Department throughout the year. The members of the staff, both of the inside and outside services, have faithfully and zealously carried out any and all duties which have been allotted to them, and the spirit of loyal co-operation in the performance of the work has at all times been evident. Our work has been made more pleasant and attractive by reason of the assistance rendered by the transportation companies and Fish and Game Pro- tective x'\ssociations, the officers of which organizations having at all times co-operated with the Department in an earnest endeavour to secure a proper observation of the provisions of the Ontario Game and Fisheries Act. All of which is respectfully submitted. I am. .Sir, Your obedient servant, D. McDonald, Deputy Minister of Game and Fisheries. GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1928 23 APPENDIX No. 1 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS— 1928 Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings Algoma: Trout Lake Inlet Long Lake Moose Lake Mongoose Lake Spruce Lake Loon Lake South Chippewa River. Batchewana River .... Sand River Wartz Lake Gull Lake Achigan Brook Lower Lake Mountain Lake Fish Lake Michipicoten River.. . . Little Thessalon River. Spring Creek Jackfish River Q Brant: Spring Creek St. George Mill Stream, Bruce: Willow Creek Monkman's Creek. Plum Creek Kirklands Creek. . Matheson Creek. . Curlings Creek. . . Spring Creek Otter Creek Ainsworth Springs. Hogs Creek Stoney Creek Silver Creek Durham: Cav^n Creek Devitt's Creek Mountjoys Creek Millbrook Creek Orono Creek Fallis Creek Park Stream Barkwell's Stream McGill's Creek Robbins Creek Parr's Creek Kelly's Brook Thornton's Creek Tamblyn Creek Hamm Creek Village Creek No.l (twp. Cavan ) Village Creek No. 2 f twp. Cavan) Butternut Creek Robb Creek Dufferin: Funston's Creek Boyne River Nottawa Creek Credit River H umber River Nottawasaga River , uantity 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 500 500 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 3,000 30,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 3,000 3,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 3,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 15,000 1,000 5,000 Elgin: Baker Brook. Frontenac: Beaver Creek. Grey: Beaver River. . . . Sydenham River. Indian River. . . . Spring Brook. . . . Meadow Creek. . Jamieson's Creek. Spring Stream. . . Pepper Creek. . . . Sullivan Creek. . . Huron: B. Creek (twp. Hullett). Haliburton: Paint Lake Upper Fletcher Lake McCue Creek Spring tributaries to Tallow Lk. Halton: Murray's Creek Sixteen-Mile Creek Hastings: Tee Creek Egan Creek Spring Brook Creek. Steen's Creek Colburn's Creek. . . . Deer Creek Robertson Lake Cedar Creek McConnell's Creek. , Green's Creek Sidnev Creek Middlesex: Duncrief's Creek. Spring Ponds. . . . Muskoka: Lake of Bays Muskoka River. . . Little East River. . Near Cut Lake. . . Dotty's Lake Menominee Lake . Echo Lake Deep Lake Turtle Lake Nelson's Creek.. . . Gipsy Bells Creek. Big East Creek. . . Holinshead Creek. Jessop's Creek. . . . Black River Bigwin Creek Nipissing: Otter Lake Four-Mile Creek. North River Quantity 5,000 1,000 3,000 50,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 500 500 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 6,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 10.000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 24 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WhTKRS— 192^— Continued. Speckled Trout, Fry and Fingerlings — Cont'd Norfolk: Quantity Patterson Lake . Pettit Stream. . Northumberland : Woodland Creek. . . . Allen's Creek Trout Creek West Creek Barrett's Creek Cold Creek Jackson's Creek Burnley Stream Philips Creek Forestell's Creek. . . . Buckley Creek Keeler Spring Creek. Castleton Creek Ontario: Spring Creek on Meadow Brook Farm U.xbridge Brook Altona Mill Pond and Stream . Oxford: Brooksdale Creek Spring Creek Campbell's Creek Parry Sound: Loon Lake Sugar Lake Creek Sand Lake Distress River Eagle Lake South River South Sequin River Buck Lake Maganetawan Riv. (twp. Perryj Couchi Lake Burton's Creek Ragged Creek Beggsboro River Prince Edward: Stinson's Mill Creek Waring's Creek Haight's Creek Peterborough : Ouse Creek Little Ouse Creek Plato Creek Cook's Creek Sedgwick's Creek Buchanan's Creek Garbutt Stream Webber's Brook Carver's Creek Peel: Montgomery Creek. Credit River Lockton Creek Columbia Stream. . Marshall's Creek. . . Coffey's Creek Mutton's Stream. . . H umber River 5,000 1,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5.000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 3,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 5,000 15,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 1,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 Perth: Flat Creek, Renfrew: Brindles Creek Gultz Creek McGregor Creek Crozier Creek Constant Creek Twohey's Lake Creek. Dooner's Creek Peever's Creek Moonbeam Creek. . . . Moran's Creek Burns Lake Creek. . . . Goshen Creek Simcoe: Pine River Coldwater River. . . Sturgeon River . . . . Noisy River Batteau Creek Pretty Rivers Black Ash Creek... Avon River Jobbit's Creek Dumond Creek. . . . Hark Creek Silver Creek Thunder Bay Colwell Creek Speer's Creek Goodwin's Creek. . . Woody Creek Black Creek Fresh Water Creek. Copeland's Creek. . Sudbury: Major Lake ' Cold Springs Trout Lake Creek. Wolf Lake Thunder Bay: Allen Lake Trout Lake Lake Nipigon Long Lake Moose Creek Moose Lake McKenzie River . . Lake Wideman . . . Twin Lake Lower Twin Lake . Upper Twin Laie.. Pearl River Six-Mile Creek.. . . Current River. . . . McVicar's Creek. . Neebing River. . . . Big Duck Lake. . . Stewart Lake Nipigon River. . . . Eraser Creek Anderson Lake . . . McKenzie Lake. . . Clegg Lake Mountain Lake. . . Quantity 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5.000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 500 500 500 500 10,000 10,000 25,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 1,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 65,000 25,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1928 25 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS— 1928— Con/iMMetf. Speckled Trout Fry and Finger! inos — Cont'd. Thunder Bay: — Co7i. Gulch Lake Anderson's Creek. Helma Lake ...... Cavern Lake . . .\ . Bleude River Timiskaming: Moffatt Creek Metagami River. . Red Stone Bristol Creek Croft's Creek Shaw's Creek Mount Joy Creek. Grassy Creek Red Sucker River. Kamascotia River. Water Hen Creek. Duff Creek Ada Creek Waterloo: Sunfish Lake Stream , Mill Creek Moffatt Creek Wentworth: Strabane Creek. . . . Spring Bank Creek. Twelve-Mile Creek. Gallagher's Creek. . York: Black River Franklin Creek Stream in twp. E. Gwillimbury Mackie's Pond Refills.... 32,500 Paretit Speckled Trout Grey: Jamieson's Creek York: Pond on upper waters of Hy- land Creek Quantity 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 3,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 1,000 5,000 5,000 100 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 100 100 Lake Trout Fry and Fingerlings Great Lakes: Quantity Lake Ontario 2,835,000 Lake Superior 5,005,790 North Channel 1,300,000 Lake Huron 6,607,000 Addington: Weslemkoon Lake. Algoma: Trout Lake (24R-12) Sand Lake Carpenter Lake Island Lake Rack Lake Lonely Lake Achigan Lake Iron Lake Trout Lake (twp. Aweres). 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 Frontenac: Sharbot Lake . . . . Gould Lake Eagle Lake Crow Lake Trout Lake Brule Lake Canohto Lake . . . Indian Lake Queen Bay Lake. Haliburton: Kashamaganog. . . Gull Lake Hollow Lake Hall's Lake Boskung Lake .... Stormj^ Lake Wolf Lake Pine Lake Big Bear Lake. . . . Maple Lake Paudash Lake .... Twelve-Mile Lake. Horseshoe Lake. . . Kushog Lake Hastings: Papineau Lake Baptiste Lake Lake of Islands Dickie's Lake Big Burnt Lake Little Burnt Lake Bass Lake Trout Lake Copeway Lake Clear Lake (twp. Lake) Clear Lake (twp. Dungannon). Cedar Lajce Fohgamong Lake Island Lake. . Jack's Lake Thompson's Lake Kamaniskeg Lake West Lake Kenora: Eagle Lake Leeds: Rideau Lakes. Muskoka: Lake of Bays. Lake Vernon . Fairy Lake. . . Clear Lake. . . Bella Lake ... Long Lake ... Skeleton Lake . Buck Lake. . . White Lake. . Fox Lake Oxbow Lake . . Nipissing: Trout Lake.. Turtle Lake. Quantity 25,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 50,000 25,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 30,000 15,000 30,000 30,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 35,000 25,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 35,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 25,000 100,000 50,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 26 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS— 1928— Continued. Lake Trout Fry and Fingerlings — Continued Parry Sound: Deer Lake Ahmic Lake. . . . Sugar Lake Sand Lake Home Lake . . . . Maple Lake Eagle Lake Trout Lake Ruthe Lake. . . . Georgian Bay. . . Otter Lake McQuaby Lake. Cariboo Lake. . . Star Lake Peterborough : Oak Lake. . Eels Lake. . Loon Lake . Renfrew: Long Lake Carson's Lake . . . Rough Lake Wadsworth Lake. Diamond Lake . . Quantity 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 3,568,300 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 5,000 25,000 15,000 15,000 5,000 Thunder Bay: Long Lake 20,000 Keemle Lake 20,000 Lac des Mille Lacs 20,000 Lake Nipigon 1,810,000 Timiskaming: Twin Lakes. . Crystal Lake . Fairy Lake. . Pickerel Addington: Beaver Lake South Beaver Lake 15,000 15,000 15,000 Quantitv 100,000 100,000 Algoma: Echo Lake 6,261,750 Brant: Lower Oakland Ponds . 50,000 Bruce: Sauble River 300,000 Lake Huron 43,850,000 Dundas: St. Lawrence River. Frontenac: Big Clear Lake Clear Lake (Twp. Kennebec) Clear Lake (Twp. Oso) Sharbot Lake Crow Lake Bob's Lake Green Bay Lake Long Lake St. Lawrence River 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 200,000 100,000 100,000 Hastings: Stoco Lake. . . Moira River. . Salmon River. Oak Lake .... Quantity 100,000 100,000 100,000 50,000 Kenora: Upper Manitou Lake 100,000 Wabigoon Lake 200,000 Lake of the Woods 22,600,000 Eagle Lake 100,000 Tawatinaw Lake 100,000 Lambton: Sydenham River. Lanark: Dalhousie Lake. . Christie Lake. . . . Leeds: Rideau Lakes. . Muskoka: Muskoka Lake. Lake Joseph. . . Lake Rosseau . . Sparrow Lake . . Muldrew Lake. Koshee Lake . . . Muskosh River. Pickerel Nipissing: Lake Nipissing Trout Lake Lake Nosbonsing Talon Lake Lake, Concession No. 1, Twp. Badgerow Northumberland: Rice LaJce Crow Bay Trent River . . . Crow River. . . Heeley Falls. . . Middle Falls.. . Ontario: Nonquon River. Parry Sound: Deer Lake Mill Lake Maganetawan River (Twp. Bur- ton) Ahmic Lake Bear Lake Cecebe Lake Trout Lake Doe Lake Owl Lake Isabella Lake Georgian Bay Wilson's Lake Crane Lake Shawanaga River 50,000 200,000 100,000 500,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 600,000 500,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 Quantity 100,000 200,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 300,000 150,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 200,000 200,000 100,000 300,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1928 27 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS— \92S~Continued. Pickerel — Continued Parry Sound — Con. Osier's Lake Cariboo Lake. . . . Swan Lake Ryan's Lake. . . . Squaw Lake Quantity 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 Prince Edward: West Lake 100,000 Bay of Quinte 16,800,000 Peterborough: Otonabee River. Rainy River: Rainy Lake. . . . Renfrew : Lake Dore Mink Lake Madawaska River. Sturgeon Lake. . . . Ottawa River Russell: Castor River. 200,000 50,160,000 250,000 250,000 50,000 100,000 550,000 50,000 Simcoe: Gloucester Pool 1,000,000 Severn River 200,000 Nottawasaga River 1,050,000 Cook's Lake 50,000 Deep Bay Lake 100,000 Stormont: St. Lawrence River. Bergins Lake Sudbury: French River. Ted's Lake . . . Cutler Lake . . Thunder Bay: Baril Lake . . Timiskaming: Kenogami Lake. . Sesekinika Lake. . Commando Lake. Minard's Lake . . Lillabelle Lake. . . Nelson's Lake . . . Waterloo: River Nith . . . Wentworth: Lake Ontario. 100,000 100,000 500,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 200,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 50,000 100,000 Whitefish Great Lakes: Lake Superior 14,211,000 North Channel 13,250.000 Lake Huron 27,500,000 Lake Erie 44,100,000 Lake Ontario 20,600,000 Kenora: Quantitv Lake of the Woods 6,846,000 Eagle Lake 1,000,000 Tawatinaw Lake 100,000 Parry Sound: Georgian Bay. Prince Edward: Bay of Quinte. Rainy River: Rainy Lake . . 63,920,000 146,740,000 7,105,000 Thunder Bay: Sturgeon Lake. Lake Nipigon. . 500,000 300,000 Herring Great Lakes: Lake Erie 6,250,000 Lake Ontario 3,500,000 Addington: Bass Lake. Prince Edward: Bay of Quinte . Rainy Lake: Rainy Lake . . Bass Fry and Fingerlings Addington: South Beaver Lake. Frontenac: Crow Lake. Bobs Lake . 50,000 5,030,000 3,000,000 200 5,000 5,000 Hastings: Moira River. Oak Lake. . . Kent: Rondeau Bay. Lanark: Dalhousie Lake. . Mississippi Lake . Christie Lake. . . . Leeds: Rideau Lakes. . Muskoka: Muldrew Lake. Dickies Lake . . Long's Lake. . . Nipissing: Trout Lake. Pine Lake. . Parry Sound: Deer Lake . . Maple Lake . Cecebe Lake 200 200 10,000 200 200 200 10,000 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 400 28 THE REPORT UPON GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1928 No. 9 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS— 1928— Continued. Bass Fry and Fingerlings — Continued Parry Sound — Con. Duck Lake Otter Lake Cariboo Lake Star Lake Powell's Lake Peterborough: Pigeon Lake Buckhorn Lake Stoney Lake Belmont Lake Round Lake Square Lake Renfrew: Mink Lake Barry's Bay Carson's Lake Simcoe: Gloucester Pool. Little Lake Sturgeon Bay. . . Sudbury: French River. . . Victoria: Sturgeon Lake. Cameron Lake. Balsam Lake. . Goose Lake . . . Quantity 200 200 200 200 200 1,000 283 500 200 200 200 200 200 200 5,000 5,000 200 400 1.400 500 5,500 200 Waterloo: Fisher Mill Dam. . Conestoga Stream. Grand River Wellington : Puslinch Lake , Parent Bass Halton: Fairy Lake (Large-mouth). . . . Lanark: Patterson Lake (Small-mouth) York: . Grenadier Pond (Large-mouth) Maskinonge Victoria: Pigeon River. Scugog River. Quantity 5,000 200 200 250 Rainbow Trout Fingerlings Sudbury: Rapid River Wahnapitae Lake. 30 30 30 6,000 47,000 209 210 30 THE REPORT UPON No. 9 APPENDIX GAME AND FISHERIES Statistics of the Fishing Industry in the Public Waters Equip No District No. Tugs Ga Lau soline nches Sail and P.ow Boats Gill Nets Men No. Tons Value No. Value No. Value Yards Value 1 ? Kenora and Rainy River Districts. . . . 313 401 176 594 302 124 808 776 634 1 15 11 27 15 10 474 306 677 407 $ 2,500 66.300 76,000 213.825 96.0Q0 144 65 34 138 80 40 145 256 57 S 77,500 32.423 22.075 98.570 65.625 13.725 165.290 117.330 24,310 107 75 55 114 40 69 151 227 180 $ 4,332 6.245 4.350 5.700 2,480 3.710 9.235 13.421 8.901 356,235 1,091,542 395,570 1,453,980 904,886 $ 52,974 94 529 ^ North Channel 51 S81 4 Georgian Bay 157,896 127.584 S Lake Huron . . 6 Lake St. Clair, St. Clair and Detroit Rivers 7 8 Lake Erie and Upper Niagara River . Lake Ontario, Lower Niagara and St Lawrence Rivers 36 921 286,000 1.463,655 1.257,910 345.750 207,186 127,141 9 Sundry Inland Waters 9 202 25,500 25,551 Totals 4.128 114 2,997 766.125 959 616.848 1.018 58.374 7,269,528 844.442 Quantities of No. District Herring Whitefish Trout Pike Pickerel (Blue) Pickerel (Dore) Kenora and Rainy River Districts Latce Superior North Channel Georgian Bay Lake Huron Lake St. Clair, St. Clair and Detroit Rivers Lake Erie and Upper Niagara River .... Lake Ontario. Lower Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers Sundry Inland Watres Totals. Values . lbs 2,969.984 9,177 16.456 314,011 70 1,273,348 705,822 11,651 5.300.519 318.031.14 lbs. 478.522 326.988 210.531 1.357.736 224,262 455 987,889 1,068,399 1,168,666 75/,048.24 lbs. 85,651 1,914,230 637,380 1.583.168 1.460.179 805.959 172,842 6,659,465 lbs. 866.867 8.798 48.784 56.748 814 23,337 15.020 132.018 94,413 1.246,799 87,275.93 lbs. 26,011 100 900 4.825 2.103.794 14.017 2,149.647 $ c. 128,978.82 lbs. 1,018,219 108,721 107,760 82.444 184.142 53.295 182,024 33,360 231.323 2.001,288 260.167.44 GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1928 31 No. 2 DEPARTMENT, ONTARIO of Ontario, for year ending December 31st, 1928 MENT Seine N ets Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip and Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers and Ice Houses Piers and Wharves Total \'alue No Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hook Value No. Value No. Value No. Value $ 42 52 130 86 123 206 549 $ 12.075 22.950 62.900 150.000 69,350 25.455 317.300 37 1.720 $ $ $ 127 21 30 48 45 33 94 53 51 $ 41,030 10;455 15.500 31.722 20.150 13.275 148,200 10,695 10,930 93 31 23 52 20 20 61 31 19 S 16,480 8,140 25,300 23.410 6,550 3,930 22,010 3.602 2.805 S 208,611 16 40 241.082 257.706 7 1.100 1.093 27 500 27,389 12 3,455 3.440 12.810 5,345 4.672 51 121 124 525 195 15 564 687.952 387.790 ^0 5.895 12,900 2,315 6,578 3,482 9.896 1,965 6.415 2 29 560 225 300 510 18.510 7,632 3 5 SO 11 505 374 63.998 49 1,165.762 H 73 570 293,694 61 37 12.750 125.933 160 28.788 22.851 1.225 672.780 880 29,172 58 890 52.467 5.728 88 1.134 502 301,957 350 112.227 3.432.528 Fish Taken Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed Coarse Caviare Total Value lbs. 19.677 1.203 lbs. 8.500 36 92.366 21,895 lbs. 20.764 90 13.437 4.962 64.960 71,980 4.330.376 163.415 23.418 lbs. 262.312 3,737 lbs. 129.114 lbs. 6.289 1.031 166 54.789 1.610 135.587 214.915 120,616 189,035 lbs. 224.252 65.674 390.736 190.256 110,347 186,056 1 ,090,646 334,352 459,140 lbs. 820 59 15 806 438 1;734 20 519 lbs. 3,138.498 5.400.456 1.427,786 3.530.338 2.839,605 552,660 10,295,543 3.588,629 2,608,189 S c. 315.864 44 487.733 67 9.656 148.574 09 2,266 9.544 11.958 176.779 466.891 4.719 1.139 56.159 53.324 112,508 77.845 422.315 82 30V.656 50 37.849 10 42.381 692.925 24 5,777 348.365.44 36.735 120,707 272.640 12 139.197 122,797 4.693.402 1,030.426 434.808 724.038 3,051,459 4,411 33,381.704 $ c. 55.678 80 $ c. 9.823 76 $ c. 281.604 12 $ c. 72.129 82 $ c. 34.784 64 $ c. 36.201 90 $ c. 122.058 36 $ c. 4.411 OO $ c. 3.033.924 42 32 REPORT UPON GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1928 No. 9 APPENDIX No. 3 Comparative Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of Ontario Kind 1927 1928 Increase Decrease Herring Whitefish Trotit Pike Blue Pickerel. Pickerel Dore. Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Coarse Fish . . Caviare Total lbs. 5,809,919 6,165,674 7,497,745 1,400,130 3,117,206 2,116,331 152,903 127,003 2,818,009 1,551,973 409,326 768,658 2,956,435 5,663 lbs. 5,300,519 5,823,448 6,659,465 1,246,799 2,149,647 2,001,288 139,197 122,797 4,693,402 1,030,426 434,808 724,038 3,051,459 4,411 lbs. 1,875,393 25,482 95,024 lbs. 509,400 342,226 838,280 153,331 967,559 115,043 13,706 4,206 521*547 44,620 1,252 34,896,975 33,381,704 *1,515,271 *Net decrease. APPENDIX No. 4 Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of Ontario for the Year 1928 Compiled from the Fishermen's Annual Returns Kind Quantity Price per Pound Estimated \'alue Herring lbs. 5,300,519 5,823,448 6,659,465 1,246,799 2,149,647 2,001,288 139,197 122,797 4,693,402 1,030,426 434,808 724,038 3,051,459 4,411 $ c. 0 06 13 13 07 06 13 40 08 06 07 08 05 04 1 00 $ c. 318,031 14 Whitefish 757,048 24 Trout 865,730 45 Pike 87,275 93 Blue Pickerel 128,978 82 Pickerel Dore 260,167 44 Sturgeon 55,678 80 Eels "" 9,823 76 Perch 281,604 12 Tullibee 72,129 82 Catfish 34,784 64 Carp 36,201 90 Coarse Fish 122,058 36 4,411 00 Total 33,381,704 3,033,924 42 APPENDIX No. 5 Value of Ontario Fisheries for a Period of Twenty Years, 1909 to 1928, Inclusive. Year 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. V^alue $ c. 2,237,544 41 2,348,269 57 2.419,178 21 2,842,877 09 2,674,686 76 2,755,293 11 3,341,181 41 2,658,992 43 2,866,424 00 3,175,110 32 Year Value 1919 2,721,440 24 1920 2,691,093 74 2,656,775 82 2,807,525 21 2,886,398 76 3,139,279 03 2,858,854 79 2,643,686 28 1927 3,229,143 57 1928 3,033,944 42 1921. 1922. 1923. 1924. 1925. 1926. Twenty-Third Annual Report OF THE GAME AND FISHERIES DEPARTMENT 1929 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO SESSIONAL PAPER No. 36, 1930 ONTARIO TORONTO: Printed and Published by Herbert H. Ball, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty 1930 CONTENTS Annual Report Game and Fisheries Dept Pages 1 to 40 Committee Report Game Fish Situation Pages 1 to 122 [3 To His Honour W. D. Ross, Esq., Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario. May It Please Your Honour: I have the honour to submit herewith, for the information of Your Honour and the Legislative Assembly, the Twenty-third Annual Report of the Game and Fisheries Department of this Province. I have the honour to be, Your Honour's most obedient servant, C. McCrea, Minister of Mines. Toronto, 1930. 4] TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Game and Fisheries Department of Ontario To THE Honourable Charles McCrea, Minister of Mines. Sir: — I have the honour to place before you this Twenty-third Annual Report of the Department of Game and Fisheries of Ontario, covering the year 1929. Financial The subjoined table will show in detail the various sources from which the Department derived its revenue during the fiscal year ending October 31st, 1929. • Revenue for Fiscal Year 1929 ORDINARY Game — Royalty $110,091 70 Licenses- Trapping $51,190 00 Non-resident hunting 69,380 00 Deer 64,983 63 jMoose 7,458 00 Gun 29,032 95 Fur Dealers 48,112 00 Fur farmers 7,298 50 Tanners 200 00 Cold Storage 155 00 277,810 08 $387,901 78 Fisheries — Royalty 15,765 12 Licenses — Fishing $112,363 10 Angling 214,470 25 326,833 35 Sales — Spawn taking 3,377 61 345,976 08 General — Guides Licenses $5,862 00 Fines 15,193 85 Costs 1,384 29 Sales— Confiscated Articles, etc 12,321 68 Rent 3,933 00 Commission 3,098 55 $41,793 37 Less miscellaneous refunds 715 13 41,078 24 Experimental Fur Farm — Sale of milk 1 70 $774,957 80 CAPITAL Experimental Fur Farm — Sale of Pelts 417 00 $775,374 80 [5] THE REPORT UPON No. 36 The following comparative table outlines the annual revenues and expendi- tures of this Department in each of the past five years, 1925 to 1929, as well as showing the surplus in the years mentioned: Revenue Expenditure Surplus 1925 $709,455 73 $354,736 09 $354,719 64 1926 682,063 32 399,744 24 282,319 08 1927 721,576 25 492,472 88 229,103 37 1928 733,259 75 518,054 96 215,204 79 1929 775,374 80 607,835 95 167,538 85 It will be observed that the year 1929 continued the succession of annually increasing revenues, but this increase, while constituting a considerable amount in itself, was not sufficient to balance the 1929 increase in expenditure over 1928, consequent upon the enlarging activities of the Department in its different branches, and more particularly as these activities were affected by the work of fish and game propagation and the enforcement of the provisions of the Act and Regulations. As a result we find that the surplus this year is very much reduced in comparison with the surplus of previous years. Statistics Appended to this report will be found statistical tables showing in detail the varieties and quantities of fry and fingerlings of the various species of fish raised in the several Provincial fish hatcheries; as well as the designation and location of the waters in which such fry and fingerlings have been deposited. In addition there are also statistical tables in connection with the commercial fishing industry, the fur trade and other branches of Departmental work. The figures in all cases have been very carefully prepared and afford most interesting and valuable information. Game Pursuit of the larger native game animals continued its attraction last year, as a perusal of the appended comparative table showing the number of hunting licenses issued during the past five years will indicate. 1925 Resident Moose 1.291 Resident Deer 17,034 Non-resident Hunting 1,581 In this connection it is interesting to note that reports reaching the Depart- ment are to the effect that the majority of these hunters brought their activities for the season to a successful conclusion. According to reports received from the District Superintendents it appears that deer and moose are more than holding their own in the northern and north- western portions of the province, while increasing numbers of caribou .n those sections would seem to justify the close season on this species which went mto effect in 1929. Ruffed Grouse (Par/r^Wgc).— Apparently, during 1929, conditions showed marked improvement in all sections of the Province and reports are that these birds are to be found in considerably increased numbers. 1926 1927 1928 1929 1,359 23,392 1,698 1,379 21,111 2,237 1,371 21,867 1,721 1,356 22,164 1,975 GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1929 Sharp-tailed Grouse {Prairie Hen). — As in the last annual report, it must be said that these birds are confined to the northwestern section of the Province. Not much change in conditions, though a little improved. Quail. — This species is confined to the southwestern counties. Reports are that numbers are not sufficient as yet to warrant a regular open season. Ducks. — Continue to make their appearance in sufficient numbers to make the hunting of them a source of considerable satisfaction to a large number of hunters. Pheasaiits {Ring-necked). — This species continues to thrive and increase its numbers in the most southerly sections of Ontario and is becoming very popular. The propagation of these birds is carried on at the bird farm at Eugenia and by interested individuals throughout the Province to whom settings of eggs are shipped on application. During 1929, from the Eugenia Bird Farm, some 16,000 eggs were shipped for hatchery purposes, practically 1,100 chicks were raised to maturity, and 1,345 adult birds liberated. Hungarian Partridge. — Accommodation has been prepared at Normandale to make provision at that point for the propagation of this species along the lines carried on at Eugenia in connection with the ring-necked pheasant. The small supply secured by the Department last year was received too late in the season to obtain results. Furs While there was again an increase in the number of pelts on which royalty was paid, accounted for by increase in number of muskrat pelts, generally speaking conditions aft'ecting our fur bearers showed little, if any, improvement. This condition is largely attributable to the intensive trapping carried on in the past, but strict enforcement of present regulations and observance by all concerned of existing close seasons will assist in the re-establishment of our fur-bearing animals. Bear. — Catch shows a little increase, possibly accounted for by slightly increased prevalence of these animals. Beaver. — Catch shows marked decrease. In that section of the Province in which close season prevails there is noticeable improvement in the conditions affecting this species. Restrictions on the taking of beaver are evidently justified. Fisher. — Apparently holding its own even though catch was somewhat diminished as compared with previous year. Fox. — The annually diminishing catch is an indication that this animal is decreasing in numbers. L; nx. — Conditions show no improvement. Becoming scarce throughout the Province. Marten. — As in the case of lynx, this species is becoming very scarce. Mink. — Reports are to the effect that numbers of mink are diminishing in practically all sections. THE REPORT UPON No. 36 Muskrat. — Remarkable increase in number taken in 1929 as compared with previous year does not correctly indicate conditions. Rather than improv- ing its position numerically, this species is decreasing. Otter. — Catch practically stationary. Similar remarks as applied to beaver would apply in this case. Otter are very scarce. Raccoon. — This species is no more than holding its own. Catch remained stationary. Skunk. — Showing improvement in its position, though there was some decrease in the catch. Weasel. — One of the few species which shows an improved condition as evidenced by increased catch. The following table compares for the past six years, pelts of fur-bearing animals, other than those which were ranch-raised, on which royalty was paid: 1924 Bear 1,399 Beaver 50,233 Fisher 1,910 Fox (Cross) 1,082 Fox (Red) 14,695 Fox (Silver or Black) 167 Fox (White) 362 Fox (not specified) 28 Lynx 2,332 Marten 3,661 Mink 82,466 Muskrat 533,256 Otter 5,096 Raccoon 21,976 Skunk 58,130 Weasel 51,163 Wolverine 12 Total 827,948 814,935 691,372 723,922 790,886 999,495 The value of these pelts to the trapper, amounting to $3,719,582.72, is somewhat below the 1928 figure, though Ontario continues to lead the Provinces of the Dominion as a producer of fur. In addition to the above, the total of ranch-raised silver and black foxes, dressed or exported, on which no royalty is payable, and which were raised on the Hcensed fur farms of the Province, was 5,767; 4,610 of which were exported, and the balance of 1,157 were dressed in the Province. These pelts had a value of $537,311.39. Fur Farming A reference to the subjoined table giving the numbers of fur farming licenses issued by the Department annually for the past five years, will show that activities in this connection during 1929 continued to extend, and as the interest of the individual fur farmer becomes more firmly established the success obtained in the raising of fur-bearing animals in captivity or semi-captivity is more assured. Every fur-bearer, native of the Province, is now included in the list of animals being propagated on these farms. 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 2,014 1,635 1,472 1,575 1,888 48,364 27,597 20,738 22,040 17,348 1,936 2,618 3,904 5,400 4,343 2,601 4,175 3,502 4,116 1,606 22,198 30,535 26,112 25,943 14,550 433 620 403 646 197 974 226 977 590 16 61 165 136 160 132 2,200 3,884 4,568 3,845 1,718 3,125 3,177 3,261 3,492 2,738 68,138 65,299 37,628 32,009 29,893 534,739 387,022 469,947 514,161 714,019 4,522 4,304 3,168 4,510 4,562 22,157 21,002 15,958 13,513 13,653 67,100 75,503 59,488 79,442 75,773 34,365 63,599 72,645 79,425 117,053 8 11 15 19 6 GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1929 Fur farmers' licenses issued by the Department during the past five years are as follows: 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 624 783 986 1,148 1,360 Animals Stocked on Licensed Farms at December 31st 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 Beaver 29 100 142 98 93 Fisher.' 2 28 48 54 67 Fitch Fox (Cross) Fox (Red) Fox (Silver Black) Fox (Blue) Lynx Mink Muskrat Otter Raccoon Skunk Bear Marten Weasel (Ermine) Badger Total 13,936 *8,887 tl3,345 tl7,686 t24,255 *Exclusive of Muskrat. tExclusive of muskrat and beaver in semi-captivity. 459 397 444 353 385 725 397 314 365 489 4,940 7,095 9,664 12,555 16,457 40 49 56 60 107 2 3 2 6 5 136 468 826 1,247 3,068 7,182 1,107 2,016 2,163 2 '"306 '290 '619 831 1,337 100 49 91 62 22 13 4 7 13 13 2 7 21 20 0 4 2 4 37 7 Experimental Fur Farm Considerable progress was made during the year 1929 in the various lines of activity carried on at the Experimental Fur Farm. Silver fox, cross fox and red fox, beaver, raccoon, mink and skunk were all successfully bred and raised to maturity. The beaver are among the first reported to be bred in captivity. The wild life at large on the Farm, including red deer, Canada geese and wild ducks, also reared young. The Farm this year was in the position to pelt for revenue fifty-seven foxes and thirty-nine raccoon, the maximum number of these animals which is considered desirable to keep for breeding stock having been retained. Fifty pairs of foxes, including red, white, silver and cross fox, are on hand. Raccoon, at present pelt prices, would not appear to be a profitable branch of fur farming. Feed costs and overhead expenses absorb any profit from the sale of pelts. Mink raising is attracting wide-spread attention from all parts of the Dominion and is rapidly becoming one of the major branches of research work. During the year two pair of marten were added to the stock and will be studied in regard to their breeding habits and nutritional requirements. Many enquiries are received in connection with muskrats, both for the pen and enclosed area type of farming. At the present time, the Farm is not in a position to encourage the pen farming of muskrats. Heavy losses in breeding stock having been met with due to parasitic infections, which are very commonly found in muskrats in the vicinity of the Fur Farm. The enclosed marsh is still purely a speculative enterprise, and if overcrowding of the animals takes place, disease can be expected to take a serious toll of the muskrat population. While the initial construction work connected with the Farm is completed, additional fox and mink pens were built to accommodate the increase in young. It was also found necessary to extend the laboratory facilities in order to meet 10 THE REPORT UPON No. 36 the ever-increasing demand for advanced research with the diseases of fur- bearing animals. An exhibition pen and look-out tower were built at the entrance to the Farm. The pen contains one specimen of animal of each variety kept, so that the general public, other than fur farmers, may have an oppor- tunity of observing them and becoming familiar with their characteristics. Inbreeding experiments from previous years were carried on with silver foxes. It has been found that where brother and sister were mated together for the third generation there was a decided decline in prolificacy; the number of pups per litter showing a distinct decrease from year to year. On the other hand, line-breeding, mother to son, father to daughter, produced exceptionally high quality pups. Interesting but not conclusive results were obtained in the breeding of cross foxes. With red females mated to silver black males variable results were obtained. In some cases the progeny were well marked high class cross fox, in others the progeny were either red or pointed. In this connection one valuable observation has been made, namely, that cross fox trapped in the open invariably produce pups with the cross marking when mated either with silvers or red foxes. It may be possible through the use of these foxes to establish a true breeding strain of fox. These experiments are being carried on and it is hoped to establish definite data in this respect within a few years. Breeding experiments with mink were confined to general observations on their habits and the most satisfactory method of handling them during the breeding season. The polygamous system, whereby the male is introduced to the female daily until she breeds, is considered more satisfactory than pairing them off for the season. Not only can fewer males be kept but definite data can be obtained on the breeding qualities of both the male and female. One vigorous male mink can mate at least with four females. Some males are timid and are frightened if the female is at all vicious. When the polygamous mating is used such males can be eliminated with a consequently higher percentage of producing females. The gestation period with mink is very irregular, ranging from forty-three to sixty-two days with the stock at the Fur Farm. A number of the females will accept the male from the eighth to the eleventh day after the first mating, consequently it is safer to try them out at this date regardless of whether the first mating was successful or not. The females are excellent mothers, attending to their young with great care, and if properly handled show little fear of the attendant. The breeding season with mink appears to commence on the third of March. Satisfactory results were obtained with raccoon, thirty-one young were born from five breeding females, one raccoon having a litter of eight. It is necessary to separate the females before the young are born. Raccoons will eat each other's young whenever a chance is provided. One male can be paired off with at least four females during the winter. Somewhat radical changes from the customary methods of ^'ceding fox pups were made this year. The prevalent idea that fresh meat should be excluded from the diet of the female when she commences to carry feed to her young was entirely disregarded. Under natural conditions the fox would bring into the den, rabbits, mice and other small carnivore. Consequently fresh meat and small bones would constitute the first meals of the young pup. Follow- ing this line of reasoning, the standard ration consisting of raw meat or fish, ground bone-meal, raw vegetables and cereals was fed through the entire nursing and weaning period to the female. After weaning, the pups were placed on the same ration, with the exception that one egg per day for four pups was added. GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1929 11 The results were highly successful. Not only did the pups develop into strong- boned, well-grown foxes, but there was an entire absence of any intestinal troubles so common among young fox pups, and which officials at the Experi- mental Fur Farm attribute to the over-feeding of semi-liquid feeds, in the form of cereals and milk and eggs, and a lack of fresh meat. It was definitely established that an over-abundance of the anti-rachitic vitamins can produce the very trouble that they are given to prevent, viz., ricketts. Eggs, milk and cod oil are all abundant in anti-rachitic substances, and should be fed only in small quantities. Eggs have a putrefactive effect on the intestines of fox pups and should be mixed with solid feeds. Spectacular results were obtained with fox pups suffering from malnutrition through excess feeding of soft feeds when they were placed on the standard ration. The effect of feeding horse meat during the summer and early fall months was carefully compared with the results obtained with beef and beef offal. There was no doubt but that the effect was detrimental to the colour of the pelt. Foxes which in previous years had shown good, clear colour took on a decidedly brown tinge to the fur. It was also noted that when horse meat was discontinued, and the rations consisted mainly of beef offal (such as tripe, beef hearts and liver), there was decided improvement in the colour of the pelt. No critical feeding experiments were attempted with mink. The animals were fed the standard ration and raised their young with complete success from a nutritional point of view. The young thrived and developed to maturity on the same ration. Future experimenting will take place with mink on the effects of various combinations of feed on the quality of the fur. Mink farmers are frequently corresponding with the Fur Farm regarding a dietetic condition. This condition is characterized by swellings of the hind legs and profuse urination in the male and female. In all cases the diet is defective, in that it does not contain fresh feed, particularly in the winter months. By the addition of fresh vegetables, such as canned tomatoes, and small quan- tities of yeast, the disease is overcome. The investigation of all types of diseases in fur bearing animals takes an important place in the work. Routine examinations of feces, post-mortems, and treatment of sick animals are rapidly growing. During the spring and summer months animals are brought to the Farm daily for a large variety of conditions — parasitic infestations, broken legs, obstetrical operations, wounds and a number of the more common organic diseases, such as pneumonia and all classes of gastro-intestinal disturbances. Research on the use of board floors for the eradication of the internal parasites was continued. It was definitely shown that the use of well-drained board-floored pens is of the utmost value in eradicating the lung worm in pups. Pups born from parents both of which are ir ""ected with the disease, do not become infected if born on the board floor pen. It has also a noticeable effect on the hook" worm, but is not effective against the round worm. The grossest infections of lung and hook worm are found in foxes run on grass-bottomed pens. The grass and loose state of the earth created an ideal environment for the development of the eggs of the parasite to the infective stage. It has been noted that the bladder worm is apparently increasing in Ontario foxes and further work is needed to find a measure to control this menace. For the first time, two well-defined cases of tuberculosis were found in foxes. The fox has always been considered more or less immune to this disease. 12 THE REPORT UPON No. 36 The internal parasites continue to be the main source of mortality with fur-bearing animals. Practically no animals trapped in the wilds appear to be free from them. Different species have been identified in the fox, mink, lynx, raccoon, fisher, beaver, wolf and muskrat. The mink is much subject to the trematode species and no doubt becomes infested through his aquatic habits. Fish and snails are probably the inter- mediate host of a number of mink parasites. Three different species of treraa- todes have been identified in the mink. One new species, the Parametorchis canadaensis, was discovered at the Fur Farm. This species is found in the gall- bladder. The Plagiorchis proximus is found in the duodenum. A very small trematode which appears to be related to the salmon poisoning fluke, Nano- phyetus salmincola, is found in the small intestines. A worm of microscopic proportions of the Capillaria sp., and a new species of tapeworm, not as yet named, are also found in the small intestines. Two worms of particular interest, one of the Dioctophyme renale, and one of the Oslerus, or a related form, have been found in mink. The Dioctophyme renale inhabits the kidney and causes large deposits of bony substances in that organ. This worm is particularly destructive. The Oslerus infests the pulmonary veins and has a peculiar knot- like structure and seems to adhere firmly to the outer membrane of the vein. With the muskrat, two types of flukes, intestinal and liver, are very com- monly found. The Echinostomum coalitum infests the intestines and is found in enormous quantities. One interesting parasite infesting the muskrat are larval cestodes, found in the peritoneal cavity of the Taenia sp. The Cysticercus fascolaris, the larval form of taenia Taeniaeformis, is commonly met with, also H. evaginata. Ascaris sp. have been identified in the raccoon, also the immature form of the Physaloptera sp. In the lynx, Toxocaris mystax, the round worm of the cat, was found. Two trematodes, of the species Echinostoma and Hemistomum, were found in the fisher. Platypsyllus castoris, a type of parasitic beetle, was removed from beaver. Crown Game Preserves Following is a list giving description, location and area of the Crown Game Preserves in Ontario as at December 31st, 1929: Crown Game Preserve Location Acreage Abbey Dawn Frontenac County 300 Anderdon Township Essex County 1,200 Bobcaygeon Victoria and Peterborough Counties 1,700 Boyd York County 300 Caverly Elgin County 25 Chapleau Algoma and Sudbury Districts 1,824,000 Chippewa Thunder Bay District 2,728 Conroy Marsh Renfrew County ooo Darlington Durham County 298 Dumfries Waterloo and Brant Counties 7cn Dundas Marsh Wentworth County ^'I^n Eden Wellington County 1 .*70 Eugenia Grey County if nnn Falcon Kenora District ^^'.rl Glendale Wentworth County. Glen Elm Halton County Gloucester Carleton County . . . Hiawatha Algoma District. 450 325 200 160 Hope Durham County 1,920 GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1929 13 Crown Game Preserve Location Acreage Hughes Bruce County 400 Huron Huron County 1 ,000 Innisfree Simcoe County 400 Iroquois Manitoulin District 150 Loch Garry Glengarry County 6,400 Mallard Lake Grey County 100 Marmora Hastings County 10,300 Masonville Middlesex County 6,500 Meadowvale Peel County 300 Miner Essex County 1,280 Nipissing Nipissing District 155,500 Nopiming Renfrew and Carleton Counties 1,540 Nottawasaga Simcoe County 1,200 Peasemarsh Grey County 300 Peel Peel County 2,400 Proton Grey County 6,240 Puslinch Wellington County 704 Richmond Parry Sound District 56 Rockcliffe Park Carleton County 500 Shirley Bay Carleton County 2,700 Silver Lake Norfolk County 3,100 Southwold Elgin County 200 Sudbury Sudbury District. . 15,500 Superior Thunder Bay District 575,000 Township 82 Sudbury District 5,760 Toronto Township Peel County 3,000 Wilder Lake Grey County 4,000 York York County 115,000 Total 2,805,856 Of these Crown Game Preserves, the following were established during the year reported upon: Mallard Lake, Caverly, Toronto Township, x'\bbey Dawn, Rockcliffe Park, Nipissing, Shirley Bay, Proton and Anderdon Town- ship, while the boundaries of the Wilder Lake and Peel preserves which had previously existed were extended. The Pickering Crown Game Preserve, located in the county of Ontario, ceased to exist. The objects for which these Game Preserves are established are most commendable, and their existence is having a very beneficial effect on conserva- tion and propagation of game animals and birds in the districts in which they are located. The Department regards with satisfaction the general observance of the Regulations in this connection and the increasing interest of the public in the creation of additional Game Preserves in order that the wild life of the Province may be provided with some adequate means of sanctuary for its pro- tection. Wolf Bounties During 1929 the Department received applications for the payment of bounty on 3,588 wolves, which it will be noted was considerably less than the number received in the previous year. As usual the large majority of the applications had their origin for animals taken in the extreme northwestern section of the Province. Comparative Statement of Wolf Skins Received and Bounties Paid For fiscal ye^ .nding October 31st, 1925. For fiscal yeix. ending October 31st, 1926. For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1927. For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1928. For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1929. Timber Brush Pups Total Bounties 831 1,066 21 1,918 $25,465 62 1,022 2,690 107 3,819 51,994 42 1,041 4,414 59 5,514 82,970 07 1,231 4,878 64 6,173 91,297 27 1,165 2,389 34 3,588 53,495 13 14 ' THE REPORT UPON No. 36 Enforcement of the Act and Regulations The enforcement of the provisions and regulations of the Ontario Game and Fisheries Act was performed in a very satisfactory manner by the field officers charged with the work. The service rendered by the District Superin- tendents and the Overseers under their respective jurisdictions was capably augmented during the Spring and Fall spawning, and deer hunting seasons, by numerous seasonal overseers appointed for duty during their periods for the better protection of fish and game and enforcement of the Act. In this connection we would like to make reference to the services along these lines which are rendered by the Deputy Game and Fishery Wardens. Last year there were 265 such appointments granted to public-spirited citizens, interested in the conservation of our wild life and the observance of the legis- lative provisions and regulations. These Deputy Game Wardens act without remuneration and perform their services in an unselfish manner in order to render whatever help they may to maintain the wild life resources of the Province. In practically all cases their assistance has been valuable in pro- moting the objects of our legislation. In 972 cases in which parties were charged with violations of fish and game regulations, convictions were secured. Fines and costs in these cases amounted to $16,949.05. In 1,102 cases, seizures of goods and equipment were made, which sum- marized may be set forth as follows: Pelts 1,942 Fire-arms 331 Deer and Moose hides 10 Gasoline boats 8 Live animals 38 Row boats 14 Fish (lbs.) 5,612 Canoes 4 Gill nets (pieces) 681 Punts 10 (yards) 1,972 Motor cars 7 Dip nets 20 Jack lights and lanterns 13 Hood nets 12 Deer and Moose 12 Seine nets 18 Venison (lbs.) 400 Pound nets 3 Moose Meat (lbs.) 280 Trap nets 4 Partridges . . 45 pjooks 3,306 Geese and ducks o4 Grapples' and gaffs.' 4 Pheasants 23 Spears 58 Decoys y^J Rods and lines 80 Frogs' legs (lbs.) 25 Traps 1.191 Miscellaneous 62 In accordance with the usual practice, confiscated articles were disposed of by tender at sales which were given publicity through the medium of the press and our district offices, except in those cases in which the confiscated articles were sold to the former owner where the circumstances warranted. The amount received from these sales appears in the statement of revenue which appears at the commencement of this report. Report of the Fish Culture Branch During the past year a new branch of the Department of Game and Fisheries, known as the Biological and Fish Culture Branch, was created. This new departure will unify the biological and fish cultural activities of the Depart- ment by bringing together the more practical and scientific lines of endeavour so that it may be possible to apply scientific findings or the results of biological inquiries to the fish cultural activities of our hatcheries. GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1929 15 The functions of the Branch pertain to all matters, either directly or indi- rectly, related to fish culture and the fisheries of Ontario. The biological field work is done during the summer months when graduates and undergraduates of our provincial universities in good standing, (that is, with the necessary background for fisheries' investigations), may be drawn into the service to work on various freshwater fishery problems. A limited number of qualified men is available each year from the Department of Biology, University of Toronto. Queen's University, Kingston, and the University of Western Ontario, London, are also developing their departments of biology along similar lines and, although available qualified men are scarce at present, each year there is a decided improvement and this is largely due, probably, to the possibilities offered in this line of work. Men who have gained experience with the Department in connection with biological investigations are encouraged to continue the following year or years. In addition to the permanent stafiF of the Branch, which consists of a Director, who is also Chief Biologist, a Hatchery Supervisor, or practical fish culturist, and two assistant biologists (temporary appointments), the personnel of the field staff was as follows: Professor J. D. Detwiler, Associate Professor of Zoolog\% University of Western Ontario, London; Messrs. G. Adams, M.A., Honour Biology- and Chemistry, Queen's University, '29; W. H. R. Werner, M.A., Biology, Western University, '29; A. E. AUin, B.A., Biology and Medicine, University of Toronto, '29; S. J. Bochner, B.A., Biology and Medicine, Uni- versity of Toronto, '29; H. J. Dignan, B.A., Honour Biology, University of Toronto, '29; E. O. Ebersole, B.A., Biology and Chemistry, Queen's University, '29; A. H. Louden. B.A., Biology and Chemistry, Queen's University, '29; D. C. G. MacKay, B.A., Biology, Queen's University, '29; Roy F. Cain, Third year. Biology, University of Toronto; W. L. Dibbon, third year, General Science, University of Toronto; P. L. MacLachlan, third year. Honour Biology and Chemistry, Queen's University; W. R. Cameron, second year, Biology and Medicine, University of Toronto; H. J. Perkin, second year, PhysiologA- and Biochemistry, University of Toronto; J. Savage, second year. Honour Biology, University of Toronto. Biological Surveys — General: In order to regulate our game and commercial fishing and to improve the fishing, and after all the only argument which will be instrumental in changing the views opposed to such regulation will be the practical one of more and better fish, it is absolutely necessary for us to know the conditions, (physical, chemical and biological), under which fish of all species five and thrive. The required knowledge is made possible to some extent at least by biological surveys of waters, which give us a clue to the fish best adapted to the waters, according to known criteria, either physical, chemical or biological. Such studies will help to increase our knowledge regarding the most suitable places to plant fish and the means we might adopt to maintain good fishing. The latter necessitates studies regarding size limits, which involve special studies of rate of growth, maturity and spawning conditions. Furthermore, a knowledge of the entire life history of all species of fish is necessar\^ for the best results in the culture of these species, either naturally or artificially. When we know conditions under which eggs, fry, fingerlings, yearlings and adults live, our problems in connection with fish culture will 16 THE REPORT UPON No. 36 be much easier than they are to-day. Life history studies form a part of the schedule of studies of fisheries' research departments of our universities. During the past year the work of the investigators was organized according to districts which are supervised by District Superintendents. The number of waters investigated in the Province to date from the stand- point of their limnobiology and suitability for fish of various species is as follows: Biological Surveys of Waters Algoma 32 Leeds Lennox and Addington . Lincoln Manitoulin Middlesex Muskoka Nipissing 4 Brant Bruce Carleton DufTerin 7 30 1 5 . 7 2 3 6 Durham Elgin Frontenac 17 7 43 63 '?1 Norfolk Northumberland Ontario 11 Glengarry Grey , Haldimand Haliburton , 1 28 1 56 26 10 Oxford Parry Sound 14 S4 Halton Hastings 12 27 Peel Perth Peterborough Prince Edward 4 4 Kenora Lambton Lanark 11 2 6 32 2 Rainy River 9 Renfrew 29 Simcoe 66 Sudbury 28 Temiskaming 11 Thames Watershed ... . 472 Thunder Bay 26 Victoria 10 Waterloo 14 Welland 3 Wellington 6 Wentworth 4 York 3 Huron 3 Total 1,233 The progress made in connection with these surveys may be better under- stood by the following comparisons: Number of waters Number of Year 1925... 1926... 1927... 1928... 1929... studied Investigators 21 1 58 2 233 5 707 9 214 18 1,233 The apparent drop between 1928 and 1929 is due to two factors. In the first place 472 waters of the Thames watershed were included in the 1928 total, and in 1929 the waters of the Grand River watershed were omitted, since only meagre and preliminary surveys were made. Furthermore, there has been a development of more specialized study apart from general biological surveys. The more specialized studies are described later. The number of investigators also affected the results, but this does not apply in 1928 and 1929, since groups of two worked together in connection with general biological surveys. Biological Surveys — Particular: Lake Erie: The survey of the eastern end of Lake Erie commenced in 1928, under the joint auspices of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, the New York State Conservation Department, the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, the State of Ohio, and the Department of Game and Fisheries of the Province of Ontario, was extended this year to include the entire lake. In this connection the Department supplied a competent investigator, Mr. A. H. Louden, B.A., of Queen's University, Kingston, to study more particularly the fishes of the lake past the larval stages, since studies in connection with prelarval stages were being undertaken by another investigator in connection with the same survey. GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1929 17 Provision was made for liberal facilities in the museum of Natural Sciences at Buffalo, and the "Shearwater," the boat used, was equipped with fairly adequate laboratory facilities, which permitted a great deal of work to be done on board. Mr. Louden studied the post-larval stages of the fish, their distribution and economic importance, both from the marketable standpoint and as food for other fish. Forty-seven different species of fish were identified and eighty-six stomachs of the different species taken were analyzed for food composition. In a summary at the end of his report Mr. Louden makes the following remarks : "1. The work of two summers has proven that the lake as a whole is remarkably free from pollution. There are isolated regions, harbours, etc., where pollution does occur, but nowhere in the 'open' lake is objectionable pollution found and the cry of the general populace, that the lake has been polluted by industrial waste, sewage, etc., is absolutely unfounded. "2. Knowing that the chemistry of Lake Erie is the normal chemistry of lake water, it is not a surprising feature that plankton is prolifically abundant. "Substantiating the findings of the previous summer and extending them over the entire lake, we found that, while the fish supply has diminished, the food supply has not, and that Lake Erie is easily capable of supporting a much larger fish fauna than now exists. "3. Why then has there been such a rapid decline in Lake Erie Fisheries? "Undoubtedly, the trouble can be traced and is still applicable to the fishermen themselves. I have talked with active and retired fishing boat captains in every port on the lake and with their men, and I find that 80 per cent, of them are honest enough to admit that they have themselves to blame. One has but to listen to accurate tales of tons of fish brought in by a single fishing tug, of which only a small percentage ever reached the market, of the wholesale burning of herring in the early days as a source of fertilizer, and of the long- continued practice of 'capture by any method,' but never think of preservation, to readily see that regardless of its phenomenal productivity, and ideal con- ditions. Lake Erie was doomed. "Obviously, the only thing that can save the situation is 'uniform legis- lative action'." Uniform Regulations on the Great Lakes: Regarding uniform regulations on Lake Erie in particular, and the Great Lakes in general, a third Great Lakes Fisheries Conference was held at Lansing, Michigan, December 5th, 1928, in response to a call issued by Governor Fred \V. Green. Representatives of the Federal Bureau of Fisheries at Washington^ D.C., the States of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, New York, Ohio, and Wisconsin, the Department of Game and Fisheries of Ontario and the Department cf Marine and Fisheries of Canada, met in the executive office at Lansing, Michigan, for the purpose of discussing uniform regulations by lakes for the protection of the fishing industry on the Great Lakes. The discussion included the following subjects: Size limits on fish, species of fish protected, closed seasons, mesh of gill nets, mesh of pound nets, methods of measuring mesh, statistics, reversion of legal weight into legal length after satisfactory biological studies, reviews of biological studies for the year. The outcome of these conferences has been the development of a better understanding among the various states of the United States and the Province 18 THE REPORT UPON No. 36 of Ontario, since each was in a position to explain its requirements and views. A certain amount of sacrifice is required on the part of all the fishermen involved, if the fishing industry is to be maintained, and the majority, it is believed, recognize this fact. Long Point Bay, Lake Erie: In addition to the activities of the Branch in connection with the Lake Erie Fisheries' Survey this year, a temporary fisheries' research laboratory was established at Port Dover, a port of considerable importance from the standpoint of commercial fishing. The field laboratory was established primarily for the purpose of making an intensive study of the limnobiology of Long Point Bay. These studies resulted in the capture and identification of fifty different species of fish inhabiting the bay, their abundance, age, sex, measurements, food, and the general limnology of their habitat. Knowing certain conditions at least, the Department is in a better position to regulate both game and com- mercial fishing carried on there. Biological Survey of Trent River Watershed: One of the field parties spent an entire summer making a biological survey of the chain of lakes included in that part of the Trent Canal System from Lake Simcoe to Lake Ontario as follows: Balsam Lake, Cameron Lake, Sturgeon Lake, Pigeon Lake, Buckhorn Lake, Deer Bay, Upper and Lower Stony Lake, Clear Lake, Trent River, Crow Bay, and Percy Reach. From two to five days were spent on each body of water in the chain and during three weeks in September a more intensive study of Stony Lake was made, especially the upper part. The general plan of study was similar to that used in limnobiological studies described in the report for 1928. Grand River Watershed: A very general survey of the Grand River System was made, as a point of departure for more intensive biological studies next year. Fishways: This year a systematic examination of obstructions along many of our water courses was made, in order to determine whether the present fishways are suitable or desirable and what steps should be taken to correct existing conditions injuriously affecting fish life. Before erecting a fishway, the height of the dam or obstruction must be considered, and also the possibility of a suitable location for the same. The standard fishway used by the Department appears, from the observations of our field men to be suitable. The feasibility of a fishway depends not only on the height of the obstruction, whether natural or artificial, but also on the importance and value of the migratory species in the stream. The available spawning and feeding grounds for migratory species, both above and below an obstruction, must be considered also, in determining the desirability of introducing a fishway. Streams containing rainbow trout should not be obstructed, since they have a tendency to migrate downstream from smaller streams to the deeper GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1929 19 net portions of rivers, and into larger lakes while immature, but they return to the smaller streams to spawn, hence the necessity of keeping such streams free from obstructions. On the other hand, providing the upper reaches of a system are well supplied with speckled trout and are separated by an obstruction, natural or otherwise, from the lower warmer reaches containing only coarse fish, it is not feasible to run the risk of infesting the trout waters with the coarser varieties of fish by opening up a fishway through the obstruction. Fish Measurements: Considerable work is being done in connection with measurements of fish, particularly commercial varieties, in order to convert "legal weight" into terms of "legal length." It is necessary to take thousands of measurements for each species at different periods of the year, their age, sex, sexual maturity, etc., in order to arrive at a fair and undisputed standard. In this connection, it has been found that a standard length used for a species in one of the Great Lakes, or, in one inland lake where commercial fishing is carried on, is not true for the same species of the same age in a different lake. In other words, the rates of growth of the same species differ in different lakes. Fish Tagging: Six hundred and thirty-five Lake Erie fish have been tagged including steelhead trout, whiefish, herring, white bass, yellow pickerel, blue pickerel, and small-mouthed black bass, in order to study their movements, distribution and rates of growth. The tag, which is non-corrosive metal No. 3, is stamped on one side with the letters O.D.G.F. "Ontario Department (of) Game (and) Fisheries" and on the other with a serial number. During the tagging process, the fish, which is preferably of illegal size, is retained in fresh water in a tank of convenient size in which to work on board boat. The tank has the bottom or sides, or both, marked off in inches and fractions thereof in order that the length of the fish tagged may be easily obtained and also its depth in inches. In order to determine the age of the fish tagged, two or three scales are removed from that portion of the body ventral to the dorsal fin, and the area from which the scales are removed is bathed with a solution of potassium permanganate. The weight of the fish is determined and it is then released. By means of a circular letter the Canadian fishermen on Lake Erie have been informed regarding the methods to be adopted in making returns to the Department. A few returns have been made, but it is too premature to make a pronouncement regarding the results of these experiments. Pollution: Studies in connection with pollution require more specialized and intensive work. During the past year very little was done in this direction excepting investigations of local disturbances at Lindsay, Bridgeport, Owen Sound, and general observations made in the Spanish, Mattagami and Wabigoon rivers, during biological surveys. However, preliminary surveys help appreciably in 20 THE REPORT UPON No. 36 bringing untoward conditions regarding pollution of our lakes and streams to the notice of the Department and lead to more intensive studies and corrective measures. Pound- Netting: The subject of pound-netting, on which there has been considerable dis- cussion and controversy between gill net fishermen on one hand and pound net fishermen on the other, was studied particularly in the vicinity of Rondeau, Lake Erie, where experimental nets with meshes in the backs of the cribs, ranging in size from 1^ inches to 33^ inches, have been run throughout the summer. In addition, the methods employed by the fishermen in their operation of pound nets were studied along the entire north shore of the lake. To be ideal the crib of a pound net should have a mesh sufficiently large to allow all immature fish to escape. Such a condition also reduces the extent to which such fish are handled during the sorting process. It is not unreasonable to believe that if the above conditions are met, the mortality among the immature fish will be greatly reduced. However, it has been found that a large mesh in the crib gills a certain proportion of marketable fish which reduces their value to the fishermen, and that in some instances fish of legal size may escape through the meshes. At least another season's experimentation with nets is necessary before final recommendations can be made regarding the mesh or meshes of netting in the crib, in order to be satisfactory from most, if not from all angles. Coarse Fish and Hoop-Netting: The advisability of taking coarse fish from our waters requires a lengthy discussion, but an answer to the wholesale destruction of predatory fish resolves itself to this — if these fish are not interdependent with game fish, either directly or indirectly, or exist in such abundant numbers that it appears impossible for game fish to re-establish themselves, a reduction in the number of coarse fish is considered a wise policy. One reason for granting hoop net licenses is to help, theoretically, in maintaining a balance between game fish and coarse fish. Certain fish like the gar-pike and dog-fish are of little value as food and are known to eat the more useful kinds. However, it is not wise to condemn any species without exact knowledge. An interdependence exists among the different forms of life in lakes or streams, which cannot be overlooked. For example, the species of minnow, namely, the golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) provides food for the black bass from the lime the bass is large enough to eat fish. In fact, this species is used in the culture of bass in the United States, and this year we have made its culture an adjunct to our hatcheries. Nevertheless, if a nest is left unguarded by a bass which may wander temporarily from its nest, the golden shiner has been known to approach the nest and eat deposited spawn. This knowledge, however, would not lead us to exterminate the valuable food of the bass which this species of minnow provides. The same principle applies to the value of the immature sucker as food for pike, pickerel and bass. Considerable criticism has come from anglers in regard to the operation of hoop nets in certain of our waters, and this led to a study of the effect of hoop-netting on game fish in the waters of the Rideau System and Lake Ontario. Initial studies have not shown that hoop-netting as such interferes with our game fish before the first of May when the latter commence to move into shallow water. These studies were supplemented by statistics collected from hoop- GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1929 21 fishermen throughout the Province regarding the composition of the daily catch by species, weight, etc. The information sought was outlined in the Annual Report of the Department of Game and Fisheries for 1928. Although there was some opposition, the assistance rendered by government overseers in explaining the forms and purpose of the information helped considerably to allay any suspicions or fears. Studies in connection with hoop-netting are being extended to include a study of the spawning period of all species, the interdependence of coarse fish with game fish, and the most satisfactory mesh of netting to use which will protect the fish requiring protection. The ultimate aim of studies along these lines is to serve commercial and game fishing interests compatible with the principles of conservation. Such studies may show where the fishermen may fish with impunity and to advantage. Hatcheries: Our hatchery policy is a progressive one and has grown as a result of the need to replenish lakes and streams in order to supplement the work of nature in maintaining good fishing. In 1926 the Province had six hatcheries devoted to the propagation of both game and commercial fish, and in that year eight additional hatcheries located in the Province under the control of the Dominion, and used exclusively for the propagation of commercial fish, were taken over. Provincial hatcheries, under provincial jurisdiction, were the first to go into the propagation of game fish intensively. Our holdings now include fifteen hatcheries, all of which may be used for propagation of one or more of the following species — speckled trout, rainbow trout, brown trout, bass, lake trout, pickerel, whitefish, and herring. In addition, temporary hatcheries have been in operation in connection with the artificial propagation of maskinonge. Fish culture is a highly technical problem. By means of biological studies and experimentation, we are endeavouring by increments to make a careful study of each step in the process from the time the spawn and milt are taken until the fish are liberated in suitable waters. There is, after that, the infinitely important study, namely, the question of survival. In this connection, some work was done by Mr. H. C. White, while in the employ of the Biological Board of Canada, and the following significant statements were published in "A Pre- liminary Report on Trout Investigations in Forbes Brook in 1925 and 1926" in the Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, 1927, regarding survival and the method of seining for recovering the planted fry. "Although a survival of only 27.5 per cent, is shown by the experiment on this creek, undoubtedly with improved methods in the planting, a much higher percentage might have been obtained with the same fry. "In 1926 an attempt was made to expose equal numbers of fry to single classes of enemies or competitors. Four sections of Forbes brook were selected and screened with fine meshed screen. These sections were then seined to remove all the fish, but care had to be taken to conserve as much as possible the natural condition of the stream and the food organisms. "Seining under such conditions is far more difficult than where it is not necessary to take such precaution, and I think could not be carried out with any degree of thoroughness except in specially favourable portions of a stream." The entire problem requires considerably more experimentation, both intensively and extensively, under natural conditions or as near to natural conditions as possible for all species of fish handled. 22 THE REPORT UPON No. 36 Our own skilled hatchery officers collect spawn to a large extent in suitable fields and their work is carefully organized in advance. Commercial fishermen also collect spawn and are supplied with the necessary equipment and instructions regarding spawning methods, by the managers of hatcheries in the vicinity of the fishing grounds. This year, a survey was made in regard to the methods used by the various fishermen, in connection with the spawning of whitefish in Lake Erie, and these methods were checked with the actual hatch. The percentage of fertile eggs sent in by each fishery was as follows: 63, 62.5, 53, 45, 75, 40, 50, 7, 39. The 39 per cent, was from fish taken in gill nets and the remainder from pound nets. In almost every case the method of spawning was reflected in the results. It is relatively an easy matter to rear fish up to the feeding stage, but from the time fish commence to feed trouble begins. It is then that losses commence to be apparent, and in this connection there is no factor apart from the water supply of such importance as food. Trouble in rearing fish, providing the water supply is satisfactory, can be traced to improper diet. Fish culturists are far from reaching a universal agreement regarding what constitutes the most satisfactory diet for trout, but our knowledge is rapidly improving and when biologists, biochemists and physiologists combine to attack the problem, more exact information will be forthcoming. Considerations regarding food supply of fish involve cost, supply available, palatability and the health and vigour produced in the fish. Our own experience has shown that beef liver excels all other fresh meat foods in the diet of small fingerling trout, and that the cheaper products, namely sheep's plucks, pig liver, etc., may be fed satisfactorily to larger fish. During the summer Professor J. D. Detwiler, Associate Professor of Zoolog>', University of Western Ontario, commenced a study of the relative importance of fresh meat, fish, and foods of animal and vegetable origin in the diet of trout. Speckled Trout: By consulting the records on the distribution of speckled trout for the year, it will be observed that there is a decrease in the total number planted, but by considering the class of fish distributed, the difference is more than compensated for, and this is shown by the following comparison : Speckled Trout Distribution 1928 vs. 1929 Eyed Eggs Fry Fingerlings Yearlings Adults (1 inch to 4K inches) 1928 60,000 475,000 1,134,600 200 1929 30,000 1,105,750 28,860 2,572 Furthermore, at the time of writing there is on hand at the Normandale and Mount Pleasant hatcheries a stock of approximately 90,000 yearlings, which is the product of fingerlings retained in rearing ponds from the spring of 1929. Losses among these at the Mount Pleasant hatchery amounted to less than one per cent, and at the Normandale Trout ponds the losses were insginificant. GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1929 23 The location of deep-seated springs in the vicinity of the Mount Pleasant ponds may undoubtedly lead to the possibility of retaining speckled trout in suitably constructed raceways or rearing ponds to the advanced fingerling and yearling stages. The Fish Culture Branch has experienced a record year as regards the collection of speckled trout eggs. From our collecting field on Lake Nipigon in the neighbourhood of one million eggs were taken. In addition to this over six million eggs were collected from well-matured parent fish at Normandale Trout Ponds. Rainbow Trout: The distribution of this species for the year amounted to 35,030 fingerhngs. At the time of writing there is on hand approximately 19,000 which is the product of fingerlings retained in rearing ponds from the spring of 1929. Losses among these at the Mount Pleasant hatchery amounted to approximately 12 per cent. The parent stock are provided with a suitable natural pond in the lower waters of Normandale Creek, and a spawning tank has been provided at the inlet to the pond. The water in the lower Normandale hatchery has been found satisfactory for the rearing of rainbow trout to the fingerling stage, but unsatisfactory' for speckled trout on account of high summer temperatures. The Branch anticipates, providing the collection of eggs from our domesti- cated stock is successful, that more extensive plants of this species may be made in our waters. Their introduction, however, must be carefully controlled. Brown Trout: The success in rearing brown trout at Mount Pleasant hatchery is decidedly promising. This foreign species adapts itself to waters having temperatures which are too high for the satisfactory growth and development of speckled trout, and this is probably one reason for the success resulting at Mount Pleasant. During the year a total of 2,590 adult brown trout were planted in Big Clear Lake, Frontenac; Eagle Lake, Peterborough; Nepahwin Lake, Sudbury; and Muskoka Lake, Muskoka District. The success of the introduction of this foreign species to these waters will be checked closely. Prior to the development of biological surveys, very few plants of speckled trout were made in the County of Frontenac. Biological surveys, however, have led to experimentation along this line. In 1926 Clear Lake Creek (Kellar's Creek), a tributary of Big Clear Lake, was stocked with 4,000 speckled trout fry, for the first time. Trout were not formerly native to this stream. The original plant in Big Clear Lake Creek was a success and quite a number of legal-sized trout was caught this year. However, the tributary and outlet streams of the lake are more suitable for brown trout on account of the fact that optimum conditions for speckled trout prevail only at the headwaters. The results of biological surveys carried on by the State of New York, over a period of years, tend to show that it is possible to extend the fishing possibilities in streams by the introduction of brown trout to those sections which are no longer suitable for speckled trout on account of high water temperatures, during the summer months, which are outside the optimum conditions for speckled trout. Brown trout were rarely encountered in streams having temperatures below 65°F. and occurred in greatest abundance in water having a temperature range between 68°F. and 75°F, according to New York 24 THE REPORT UPON No. 36 surveys on the Genesee River system. It may be possible ^hen to extend the fishing range for trout in many waters in the Province of Ontario for the above reasons. The Fish Culture Branch, however, will not introduce brown trout into waters distinctly suited throughout their entire course for speckled trout, and the introduction of brown trout to our waters will be strictly controlled. The results of a number of plantings will have to be known before we shall be in a position to make a pronouncement regarding a definite stocking policy. No extensive plants have been made with this species, but with the parent stock on hand and the success of this year's collection of eggs, which was in the neighbourhood of 900,000, more extensive plantings are assured. Changes in the Kenora Fish Hatchery this year may permit of the rearing of brown trout fry to be distributed in suitable waters in the districts of Kenora and Rainy River. This work, however, is in the experimental stage only since in these districts trout streams are either non-existent or almost negligible. Maskinonge: The artificial propagation of maskinonge will be continued, and we expect better success when more spawners and milters are obtainable simultaneously on localized spawning grounds. So far only subsidiary or temporary hatcheries have been operated in the Pigeon River at Omemee, and at the entrance to Sturgeon Lake on the Scugog River. Small-mouthed Black Bass: Considering the extent of our holdings, it is not a difficult matter to rear fry, providing we have optimum conditions as regards breeders and temperature, but the successful rearing of bass fry to fingerlings or yearlings is we under- stand a universal difficulty, so far as output is concerned. Bass cannot be stripped of their eggs and milt in a manner similar to trout, pickerel, maskinonge, etc.; the egg production is small, and the output is small in camparison with the trout. For the rearing of bass, comparatively large pcnds containing the suitable and abundant food staples for fingerlings are necessary, but the cost of con- structing and maintaining these ponds is tremendous. Furthermore, the difficulties encountered in securing favourable sites for such developments are manifold. In view of these considerations, it is necessary to view the main- tenance of this species from other angles: — 1. Harvesting from Natural Waters: This year the method of harvesting fingerlings and yearlings from suitable bass lakes was undertaken. The lakes tested out were: Four Mile Lake, County of Victoria; Green Lake and Golden Lake, County of Renfrew; Potspoon Lake, County of Frontenac; Trout Lake, District of Sudbury; Herridge Lake, District of Nipissing. This primary step was taken in order to determine the practicability of closing any or all of the above lakes for the purpose of obtaining supplies of yearling bass for restocking purposes. Developments in this venture take time and considerable field work in advance, in order to locate the most favourable breeding areas, but on the whole this method of restocking appears feasible. GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1929 25 2. The Lake on the Mountain [Natural Breeding Ground): The introduction of parent fish to the Lake on the Mountain has provided the Fish Culture Branch with a small supply of bass fry for cultural purposes, and pending a further development of the pond culture of bass, this lake will undoubtedly be a good source of supply for fry. 3. Detached Rearing Stations: In addition to the common practice of pond culture, the Branch is making preparation for the detached pond method for rearing purposes. A pond of twelve acres in the vicinity of Ingersoll will be in readiness this year for the purpose. The pond is spring-fed, and has all the requirements for bass culture. Further construction is necessary to drain or lower the water into a collecting basin in which the bass fingerlings or yearlings may be collected in a most con- venient manner for distribution. When this is done we shall have at least one station from which it is believed good results will be derived. 4. Closed Season: The extension of the closed season for bass from June 15th to July 1st as developed by biological surveys will protect the bass more adequately, particularly in our warmer and more southerly waters. From the standpoint of protection this law is not all inclusive, since it was determined that many bass in the Georgian Bay spawn after July 1st. On the whole, our bass policy is similar in principle to that existing in the State of New York and when all is said and done, it is believed that in the free waters of the Province natural restocking by bass is the most effective replenishment. Lake Trout, Herring, Whitefish and Pickerel: With the exception of a slight decrease in this year's distribution of pickerel, there was an increased distribution of all the species named above. Generally speaking, with the exception of lake trout, which may be retained in our hatcheries to fingerling grade, fry of the commercial species, such as whitefish, herring and yellow pickerel are planted. The Fish Culture Branch is not aware of any hatchery on this continent where these species are reared beyond the fry stage. No reason has yet been given why we should not plant fry of commercial species, since no accurate quantitative study of the survival of planted fry of these species has been made. The necessity and economy of rearing these to the fingerling stage has yet to be proven. Life history studies, however, by the fisheries' research departments of our universities for all species mentioned will undoubtedly cast more light on the subject of survival of artificially reared fish, on which there is little or no quantitative knowledge at the present time. The Fish Culture Branch will do everything possible to encourage studies of this nature. Experiments carried on by the various states of the United States and the Federal Government to rear pickerel, whitefish and herring to the fingerling size have been shown to be impracticable. Educational Propaganda: Illustrated addresses pertaining to fish culture in Ontario and ways and means of preserving the fisheries were given by the Director of the Fish Culture Branch in a number of cities and towns of Ontario during the year. An extension 26 THE REPORT UPON No. 36 of this work is necessary not only for the purpose of explaining the advantages to be gained by fish culture and restocking, but also those derived by preserving forests, purity of streams, and ways of reclaiming streams for trout. Closed Waters The following waters are closed to all fishing: ■ Fox Lake — Kenora, 12 miles from Kenora, in unsurveyed territory. Beryl Lake — North half of section 26, Twp. Vankoughnet, Algoma. Trout Lake — Twp. of Cosby, Sudbury. Herridge Lake — Nipissing, for bass propagation. Sucker Lake — Manitoulin Island, Twp. Assiginack. for propagation of bass. Lake on the Mountain — Glenora, Prince Edward County, for hatchery purposes and bass propagation. Eagle Lake — Peterborough County, Twp. Anstruther, for brown trout pro- pagation. The following are examples of special cases where game fish are protected and where fish propagation may be carried on at the discretion of the Department. (a) Quoting from the conditions governing licensees we have under condi- tion 18 the following statement re Bay of Quinte: "No one shall fish with nets during the months of June, July and August in that portion of the waters of the Bay of Quinte, lying west- ward of a line drawn from Green Point, in the County of Prince Edward, to the eastern limit of the Town of Deseronto, in the County of Hast- ings. That portion of the Bay of Quinte westward of a line drawn across the bay from Horse Point on the southern shore to the Lehigh Cement Works' wharf opposite on the northern shore to the Belleville Highway Bridge is hereby set apart and reserved for fishing for hatchery purposes." Condition 19 states: "No nets shall be set in that portion of the waters of Georgian Bay east of a line drawn northwesterly from the most westerly point of Moore's Point; thence northwesterly to the most southwesterly point of Beausolill Island ; then continuing northwesterly to Gin Island ; to Smooth Island; to Whaleback Beacon; to Eshpadekong Island; to the easterly side of Pine Island; to Phillemore Rock; to Bass Group Islands; to Barbara Rock; to Campbell's Rock; to the most easterly end of Sandy Island; to the westerly side of Pancake Island to the most westerly point of Franklin Island ; to Twin Island ; to Groundhog Island; to Hang Dog Island; to Champlain Island; to Tie Island; and to the mouth of French River." In regard to Gill nets authorized for Lake Nipigon, one of the conditions reads as follows: "Gill nets authorized in this license shall not be set, placed or located within 1,000 yards of the mouth of any tributary, river, creek or stream, nor within two miles from Virgin Falls, and no nets shall be set on Speckled Trout spawning grounds or on grounds set aside for GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1929 27 the taking of spawn by the Department, viz.: West Bay, Chief Bay, Ombabika Bay, Black Sturgeon Bay, south of Long Point in South Bay, and those waters lying east of a line drawn from one mile west of Poplar Point to one mile west of High Hill River or in other waters as directed." (b) The following waters are closed to commercial fishing except in the instances noted : Lake of the Woods — Sabaskong Bay — (maskinonge sanctuary). The section of the bay from the boundary line of the Township of Mathieu and following a line 20° east of the true north and south. Lohstick Bay — Closed especially for hatchery purposes. (Whitefish.) j Clearwater Bay — [White Partridge Bay — In this instance the line is drawn across from Zigzag Point south of 105P; thence to I.R., 38a. [Little Vermilion Lake — [Pelican Lake — Kenora (near Pelican on the C.N.R.); lake trout and pickerel propagation. Rainy Lake — Stanjikoming Bay. Nipigon Bay — Closed permanently. (Lake Superior). Georgian Bay Waters: Colpoys Bay — Closed to commercial fishing permanently. Used for lake trout propagation. Matchedash Bay — Closed July and August. Killarney Bay — McGregor Bay — Whitefish Bay — Entrance to the Spanish River — Echo Lake — Township of Kehoe. Closed for hatchery purposes (pickerel.) Algoma District. Mitchell's Bay of Lake St. Clair — Closed to commercial fishing during the months of May, June, July, and August. Inner Bay of Long Point Bay {Lake Erie) — Closed to commercial fishing with the exception of seining and hoop netting, which must not be carried on during the spawning season of black bass. Fishing of this nature is prohibited during the months of May, June, July, and August. Kagawong Lake, Manitou Lake, Mindemoya Lake, located on Manitoiilin Island. Acknowledgments In conclusion, I desire to publicly express my appreciation of the assistance and support which has been rendered to the Department throughout the year. The members of the staff, both of the inside and outside service, have faithfully and zealously carried out any and all duties which have been allotted to them, and the spirit of loyal co-operation in the performance of the work has at all times been evident. I 28 THE REPORT UPON No. 36 Our work has been made more pleasant and attractive by reason of the assistance rendered by the transportation companies and Fish and Game Pro- tective Associations, the officers of which organizations having at all times co-operated with the Department in an earnest endeavour to secure a proper observance of the provisions of the Ontario Game and Fisheries Act. All of which is respectfully submitted. I am, Sir, Your obedient servant, D. McDonald, Deputy Minister of Game and Fisheries. GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1929 29 APPENDIX No. 1 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS— 1929 Speckled Trout Eyed Eggs Thunder Bay: Quantity Moose Lake 7,500 Lower Twin Lake 7,500 Upper Twin Lake 7,500 Anderson Lake 7,500 Dufferin: Speckled Trout Fingerlings Addington: Barnons Creek Algoma: Trout Lake Inlet. . . Moose Lake Mongoose Lake. . . . Spruce Lake Loon Lake Batchewana River . Sand River Wartz Lake Silver Creek Driving Creek Gull Lake Heyden Creek Coldwater Creek. . . Root River Little Carp Creek. . Mountain Lake. . . . Fish Lake Michipicoten River. Trout Lake Spring Creek Crystal Lake Harmony River. . . . Mud Creek Johnson's Creek . . . Bridgeland River. . . Hoyle's Creek Kent's Creek McQueen's Creek. . Cannon Creek Dunn's Creek Grave! River Iron River Stokeiy Creek Twin Lakes Victoria Creek White's Creek Brant: Spring Lake. . . . Artificial Lake. . Bruce: Langside Creek. Muskrat Creek. Otter Creek . . . . Main Creek. . . . Durham: Cavan Creek Tyrone Creek Leskard Creek Gibson Creek Irwin Farrow's Creek. Wm. Hooey's Creek. . 2,000 000 ,000 000 ,000 000 000 000 ,000 ,000 000 ,000 ,000 000 ,000 ,000 ,000 000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 .000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 .000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 .000 ,000 50 250 10,000 10,000 500 2,000 6,000 14,?<00 2,000 500 500 2,000 Esson's Creek Pine River Cemetery Creek Ferguson's Soring Creek, Johnny Raw's Creek. . . Credit River Humber River Nottawasaga River Elgin: Caverly Creek Grange Hall Creek. Frontenac: Brule Lake Cataraqui Creek. . , Beaver Creek Black Creek Grey: Saugeen River Rocky Saugeen Sydenham River Maple Creek Swinton Park Creek Meadow Creek Jamieson's Creek Pepper Creek Rockside Park Creek Caseman's Creek Walter's Brook Trout Stream. Priddle's Spring Creek Middle- Wake Stream Sullivan Creek Huron: Middleton Creek. Johnston's Creek. Springhill Creek. Haliburton: Bare Creek. . . Fletcher Lake. McCue Creek. Beaver Lake. . Auger Lake. . . Black River. . Halton: Murray's Creek. . . . Acton Creek Sixteen Mile Creek. Hastings: Rawdon Creek Birds Creek Colburn's Creek Robertson Creek Little Papineau Lake. Cleak's Lake Carlton's Creek Lambton: Hungry Hollow Creek. Middlesex: Duncrief's Creek Quan tity 15,000 2,000 250 500 500 51,250 3,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 10,000 1,000 10,000 10,000 1,000 2,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 1,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 1,000 1,000 5,000 1,000 600 1.000 500 2,000 9,000 10,000 2,000 1.000 3.000 1.000 10.000 2,500 5,000 5,000 4,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 300 10,000 30 THE REPORT UPON No. 36 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS— 1929— Contiv lied. Speckled Trout Fingerlings- Manitoulin: Manitou River -continued Muskoka: Lake Vernon Clear Lake Bella Lake Muskoka River. . . Big East River. . . Gipsy Bells Creek. Holinshead Creek. Black River May's Lake Fetterley's Creek. . East River Goodwin's Creek. . Casselman's Creek. Black Creek Nipissing: North River Duschesne Creek. Baskie Creek . . . . Chippewa Creek. Doran's Creek. . . Norfolk: Deer Lick. . . . South Stream. Hay Creek . . . Quantity 10,000 10,000 2,000 5,000 2,500 5,000 10,000 5,000 1,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 2,000 20,000 2,000 3,000 1,000 20,000 6,500 500 Northumberland: Mutton's Creek Allen's Creek Baltimore Creek Cold Creek Dartford Creek Dark Creek Piper Creek Burnley Stream Philip's Creek Spring Creek Dawson Creek Hefferman's Creek Callahan's Creek Larry's Pond Keeler Spring Creek Creek in Township of Haldimand Ashby's Creek Vardy's Creek Mallery Creek Ontario: Black Creek Smalley's Creek Altona Mill Pond Bowerman Pond Mill Creek Parry Sound: Deer Lake South Sequin River. Black Creek Murr's Creek Barrett's Creek. . . . Jenkin's Creek Thomas Creek 1,200 1,000 3,700 3,000 2,000 700 500 5,000 700 1,000 2,000 1,000 100 2,000 1,000 3,700 500 500 1,000 1,000 4,000 2,000 5,000 500 5,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 Peterborough: Ouse River Warr's Creek. . . Lundy's Creek. . Blizzard's Creek. Peel: Montgomery Creek. Moffatt Stream Renfrew: Brennan's Creek. Albert Lake Crozier Creek. . . . Diamond Lake. . . Byers Creek Corrigan Creek. . Jesse's Creek. . . . Dam Lake Creek. Black's Creek. . . . Murphy Creek. . . Kearney Creek. . Spring Creek. . . . Mill Creek Quantity 2,000 5,000 1,000 2,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 2,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 10,000 Simcoe: Gilmore Creek Black Ash Creek Silver Creek (Tp. Nottawasaga and CoUingwood) Warner's Creek Chewett's Creek Hawkestone Creek Seldom Seen Creek Quantz Creek Silver Creek (Tp. Orillia) Hospital Reservoir Sudbury: Massey Creek Rapid River Trout Lake Creek Mowat Creek Thunder Bay: Allen Creek Allen Lake Silver Lake Pearl River Six Mile Creek.. . . Three Mile Creek. Currant River . . . . Rees Lake McVicar's Creek. . Neebing River. . . . Coldwater Creek. . Spring Creek Deception Lake . . Kowkash River . . . Flint River , Johnson Creek. . . . Walker's Lake. . . Lake Billie Timiskaming: Black River Tributary. Watabeag River Hudson Creek 500 5,000 2,000 5,000 1,000 3,500 2,000 2,000 2,000 500 2,000 10,000 500 2,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 10,000 10,000 15,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 2,000 6,000 2.000 GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1929 31 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS— 1929— Continued. Speckled Trout Fingerlings — continued Timis'^aming: — Con. Metagami Bristol Creek Croft's Creek Shaw's Creek Grassy River. . . . . Red Sucker River. Kamascotia River. Waterhen Creek. . Fuller's Creek. . . . Pearl Lake Hay den Creek. . . . Waterloo: Erbsville Creek Sunfish Lake Creek. , Schantz's Creek. ... Bamberg Creek Bussard's Stream. . . Lautenslager Creek. Betzner's Creek Mill Creek Bearinger Creek. . . . Wilemsburg Stream . Seagram's Creek ... Quantity 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 21,000 2,150 5,000 20,000 5,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 2,000 2,000 4,000 Wentworth : Twelve Mile Creek. Waterdown Creek. . Wellington: Martin's Creek. Credit River. . . Speckled Trout Yearlings Addington: Shibagan Creek Bruce: Otter Creek Durham: Mill Pond Jamieson Pond. Dufferin: Credit River. . . Frontenac: Shibley's Creek. . . McCausland Lake. Grey : Holland Lake Creek in Township of Egremont Haliburton: Sawyer Lake Muskoka: Oxtongue Lake. Walker's Lake. Echo Lake .... Shoe Lake 5,000 2,000 10,000 32,000 300 500 200 500 500 500 500 2,000 600 500 250 500 500 100 Nipissing: Four Mile Creek. North River Lake Timagami. . Oxford: Brooksdale Stream . Campbell's Creek. . Parry Sound: South River George's Lake . . . Little East River. Peterborough: Little Ooze Leary's Creek . . . Peel: Coffey's Creek. Renfrew: Cormac Creek . Jack Creek. . . . Simcoe: Sturgeon River . Pretty River. . . Bear Creek. . . . Black Creek. . . Rawn's Creek. . Thunder Bay: Nipigon River. Waterloo: Greenfield Spring Creek. Lautenslager Creek . . . . Moffatt Creek Elmira Creek Wentworth : Strabane Creek . Dundas Creek. . Mclntvre Creek. York: Mimico Fountain, Quantity 300 300 7,000 250 250 Speckled Trout Adults Muskoka: Lake of Bays Nipissing: Lake Timagami Norfolk: Spring Creek Mill Pond. Sudbury: Ramsay Lake Thunder Bay: Nipigon River. Wellington: Prison Farm Creek. 500 100 500 500 100 300 500 500 500 500 500 500 250 5,000 300 500 500 500 500 500 250 10 772 500 200 500 500 100 32 THE REPORT UPON No. 36 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS— 1929— CowiiKwed. Lake Trout Fry and Fingerlings Great Lakes: Quantity Lake Ontario 5,789,000 Lake Suoerior 5,272,300 North Channel 400,000 Lake Huron 7,999,000 Algoma: Trout Lake (24-R12) Big Basswood Lake , Herman Lake Sand Lake Carpenter Lake McCarroU's Lake Cloudy Lake Island Lake Achigan Lake Trout Lake (Aweres) Trout Lake (Montgomery) Patton Lake Frontenac: Sharbot Lake. . . . Crow Lake White Lake Trout Lake Brule Lake Canonto Lake. . . Mazinaw Lake . . Palmerston Lake. Haliburton: Kashamaganog Lake. Drag Lake Gull Lake East Lake Mountain Lake Hollow Lake Kushog Lake Halls Lake Boskung Lake Bare Lake Stormy Lake Wolf Lake Pine Lake Maple Lake Twelve Mile Lake... Hastings: Papineau Lake Little Weslemkoon . Weslemkoon Lake St. Peter Eagle Lake Salmon Lake , Island Lake Devil Lake Lavelle Lake Kenora : Eagle Lake. Lanark: Silver Lake. Leeds: Charleston Lake, Rideau Lakes. . . 20,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 20,000 5,000 5,000 20,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 20,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 10,000 20,000 5,000 21,000 10,000 20,000 15,000 25,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 15,000 10,000 15,000 10,000 15,000 5,000 10,000 20,000 15,000 15,000 5,000 100,000 10,000 50,000 25,000 Muskoka: Muskoka Lake. Lake Joseph . . . Lake of Bays. . Lake Vernon . . Fairy Lake. . . . Mary Lake. . . . Lake Rosseau. . Oxtongue Lake . Clear Lake. . . . Skeleton Lake . Walkers Lake. . Pine Lake Nipissing: Turtle Lake . . . . Trout Lake Aylen Lake Lowell Lake. . . . Lake Timagami. Quantity 10,000 10,000 50,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 10,000 15,000 10,000 20,000 15,000 5,000 10,000 20,000 10,000 5,000 280,000 Parry Sound: Whitefish Lake 15,000 Ahmic Lake 25,000 Clear Lake 15,000 Sugar Lake 5,000 Sand Lake 10,000 Soring Lake 5,000 Maple Lake 5,000 Eagle Lake 5,000 Duck Lake 5,000 Round Lake 5,000 Georgian Bay 3,482,000 Otter Lake 15,000 Lake of Many Islands 5,000 Cariboo Lake 15,000 Little Deer Lake 5,000 Rainy River: Straw Hat Lake. Mercury Lake. . Renfrew: Barry's Bay. . . Long Lake .... Carson Lake. . . Pough Lake . . . Diamond Lake. Clear Lake .... Sudbury: Trout Lake. . . Ramsay Lake. 5,000 5,000 15,000 15,000 10,000 15,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 20,000 Thunder Bay: Lake Nipigon 1,375,000 Kashabowie Lake. Long Lake ........ Lac des Mille Lacs. Cloud Lake Sturgeon Lake Baril Lake Timiskaming: Twin Lakes. . Crystal Lake. Larder Lake. Fairy Lake . . Pike Lake. . . , 10,000 20,000 100,000 10,000 50,000 50,000 5,000 5,000 15,000 5,000 5,000 GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1929 33 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS— 1929— Continued. Lake Trout Fry and Fingerlings- York: Lake Simcoe Pickerel Addington: South Beaver Lake White Lake Salmon River Bay of Quinte Algoma: Echo Lake. White Lake . Dundas: St. Lawrence River. Frontenac: Sharbot Lake Crow Lake Loughborough Lake. . Long Lake Milk Lake Fourteen Island Lake. Silver Lake Elbow Lake Grey: Black Lake. Grenville: Long Reach on Rideau , Hastings: Stoco Lake Moira River Salmon River -Continued Quantity 120,000 15,000 15,000 10,000 4,350,000 1,630,000 15,000 100,000 100,000 50,000 200,000 25,000 50,000 15,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 100,000 100,000 50,000 50,000 Kenora: Lake Wabigoon 200,000 Lake of the Woods 65,000,000 Eagle Lake 200,000 Tawatinaw Lake 100,000 Stanzhikima Lake 100,000 Sturgeon Lake 50,000 Lambton: Sydenham River 50,000 Lake Huron 24,950,000 Lanark: Dalhousie Lake. . Christie Lake. . . . Mississippi River. Tay River Leeds: Rideau Lakes. Bass Lake. . . . Green's Lake. Muskoka: Muskoka Lake. Lake Joseph . . . Lake Rosseau. . Sparrow Lake . Muldrew Lake. 2 O.F. 100,000 150,000 100,000 100,000 150,000 50,000 10,000 600,000 700,000 700,000 100,000 100,000 Nipissing: Quantity Lake Nipissing 5,500,000 Turtle Lake. Talon Lake Pine Lake Trout Lake Lake Timagami. Northumberland: Trent River . . . . Ontario: Lake St. John, Parry Sound: Mill Lake Maganetawan River (Burton) , Ahmic Lake Deep Bay and Wolf Lake .... Commenda Lake Pickerel River Isabella Lake Wilson Lake Crane Lake Osier's Lake Cariboo Lake Bat Lake Belle Lake Healey Lake Maganetawan River (Croft) . . Prince Edward: Lake Consecon 20,000 100,000 20,000 100,000 200,000 100,000 50,000 50,000 200,000 100,000 100,000 30,000 100,000 100,000 50,000 100,000 50,000 50,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 50,000 50,000 Rainy River: Rainy Lake 26,300,000 Wasaw Lake 5,000 Renfrew: Norway Lake. Barry's Bay. . Pough Lake . . Russell: Castor River. 25,000 50,000 25,000 50,000 Simcoe: Lake Couchiching 100,000 Severn River 100,000 Gloucester Pool Lake 500,000 Nottawasaga Bay 11,125,000 Sudbury: French River. Birch Lake. . . Maple Lake. . Spanish Lake. Timiskaming: Lake Sesekinika Lake Abitibi. . . . Larder Lake. . . . King Lake Margurue Lake. Diamond Lake.. Fork Lake 200,000 50,000 50,000 200,000 50,000 250,000 50,000 15,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 34 THE REPORT UPON No. 36 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS— 1929— Continued. Pickerel — Continued Victoria: Youngs Lake York: Lake Simcoe. Quantity 15,000 100,000 Whitefish Great Lakes: Quantity Lake Superior 4,654,000 North Channel 9,000,000 Lake Huron 43,500,000 Lake Erie 34,505,000 Lake Ontario 45,000,000 Kenora: Lake of the Woods 36,500,000 Eagle Lake 500,000 Tawatinaw Lake 200,000 Stanzhikima Lake 200,000 Parry Sound: Georgian Bay 67,300,000 Prince Edward: Bay of Quinte 141,950,000 Rainy River: Rainy Lake 26,775,000 Thunder Bay: Lake Nipigon 16,000,000 Sturgeon Lake 1,000,000 Herritig Great Lakes: Lake Erie 8,085,000 Lake Ontario 3,500,000 Haliburton: Paudash Lake, 100,000 Prince Edward: Bay of Quinte 10,995,000 Bass Fry Addington: South Beaver Lake White Lake Frontenac: Clear Lake Sydenham Lake. Green Bay Lake . Long Lake Victoria Lake. . . Haliburton: Paudash Lake . Hastings: Stoco Lake ... Moira River. . Bass Lake .... North Lake. . Bass Fingerlings Bruce: Cameron Lake 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 1,000 Elgin: Pinafore Lake . Grey: Saugeen River. Wilcocks Lake. Kent: Mitchell's Bay. Lambton: Sydenham River. Nipissing: Cache Lake Lake Nipissing.. . Oxford: Horner's Creek , Parry Sound : Ahmic Lake . . . Simcoe: Gloucester Pool Lake. Boyne River Sudbury: Minisinakwa Lake. Cutler Lake York: Lake Simcoe. Bass Yearlings Frontenac: Sharbot Lake , Crow Lake Crotch Lake Silver Lake West Rideau Lake Fishing Lake Hastings: Stiner's Lake. Lanark: Dalhousie Lake. Otty Lake Christie Lake. . . Nipissing: Cache Lake . Northumberland : Trent River . . . Prince Edward: Consecon Lake, Peterborough : Stony Lake . . . Renfrew: White Lake . Simcoe ; Lake Couchiching. Quantity 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 40 2,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 2,000 40 1,000 160 50 50 50 50 30 30 50 50 50 25 60 100 125 50 100 GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1929 35 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS— 1929— ConhnweJ. Bass Yearlings — Continued \'ictoria: Sturgeon Lake. Cameron Lake. Bass Adults Quantity 90 125 Nipissing: Cache Lake Sudbury: Windy Lake Cutler Lake Rainbow Trout Fingerlings Halton: Bronte Creek Simcoe: Stony Creek Sudbury: Pumphouse Creek. Geneva Creek . . . . Windv Creek 35 60 50 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 Timiskaming: Hollinger Mine Waters. Brown Trout Adults Frontenac: Big Clear Lake Peterborough : Eagle Lake . Muskoka: Muskoka Lake. Sudbury: -y Nepahwin Maskinonge Fry Victoria : Pigeon River Quantity 30 400 1,000 800 390 20,000 Appexdi.x \o 2 — Disposition of Applications for Fish, 1929 No. of Applications Bass 236 Herring 20 Lake Trout 230 Pickerel 154 Rainbow Trout. 20 Speckled Trout. 524 Whitefish 65 Brown Trout. . . 8 Maskinonge .... 9 Miscellaneous. . 2 No. Brought Forward to 1930 No. No. (Biological No. Cancelled Cancelled No. Studies Filled Unsuitable Duplicates Suitable Necessary) 51 23 1 137 24 13 7 174 14 2 20 20 98 30 3 8 15 7 9 2 2 332 63 8 59 62 58 4 3 4 i 0 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 1 1.268 738 144 18 242 126 36 THE REPORT UPON No. 36 Appendix No. 3 — Distribution of Eyed Eggs Age in Length of Fish in Inches 3 33^ 4 5 30,000 1 701,850 8,000 lU-2 20,000 38,000 2-3 2-33^ 105,050 2-41^ 214-3 3 7,600 3-33.^ 3-4 3A}4 4 4-41.^ 41^ 414-614 12-20 30,000 701,850 8,000 58,000 112,650 Appendix No. 4 — Distribution of Fish According to Species, 1926-1929 1926 1927 1928 1929 Lake Trout Fry and Fingerlings Speckled Trout Eyed Eggs Speckled Trout Fry and Fingerlings Speckled Trout Yearlings Speckled Trout Adult Rainbow Trout Fry and Fingerlings Brown Trout Adult Black Bass Fry Black Bass Fingerlings Black Bass Yearlings Black Bass Adults Maskinonge Fry Pickerel Fry Whitefish Fry Herring 8,501,000 '1,085,300 300 1,800 21,465,375 "1,444,656 666 22,806,090 t 1,669, 600 200 419 12,500 " 1,569 5,425 50,000 10,833 13,820,000 260,575,000 11,225,000 68,000 223,945,000 448,789,750 18,410,000 90 53,000 155,921,750 346,172,000 17,830,000 26,238,300 30,000 *1, 105,750 28,860 2,572 ♦35,030 2,590 60,000 15,080 1,245 145 20,000 147,155,000 427,084,000 22,680,000 295,222,469 714,128,206 544,513,982 624,458,572 flncluding 60,000 eyed eggs. *Fingerlings only. GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1929 37 Speckled Trout — 1929 months Yearlings Adults 6 6V2 7 73^ Total 30,000 709,850 20,000 38,000 '29,000 134,050 53,250 4,900 58,150 42,000 2,000 42,000 2,000 11,600 2,500 2,500 2,000 10,000 2,000 10,000 100 100 73,500 73,500 4,000 4,000 28,860 28,860 2,572 2,572 107,100 48,000 65,250 4,900 28,860 2,572 1,167,182 Appendix No. 5 — Number of Shipments 1928 Speckled Trout Eyed Eggs Speckled Trout Fry Ill Speckled Trout Fingerlings 166 Speckled Trout Yearlings Speckled Trout Adults 2 279 332 Lake Trout 134 174 Pickerel 125 98 Whitefish 50 58 Herring 13 13 Bass Fry 8 13 Bass Fingerlings 42 14 Bass Yearlings 22 Bass Adults 3 2 53 51 Maskinonge 2 1 Rainbow Trout Fingerlings 2 7 Brown Trout 4 Total number of shipments 658 738 38 THE REPORT UPON No. 36 APPENDIX GAME AND FISHERIES Statistics of the Fishing Industry in the Public Waters Equip No District No. of Men Tugs Gasoline Launches Sail and Row Boats Gill Nets No. Tons Value No. Value No. Value Yards Value 1 Kenora and Rainy River Districts. . . . 311 392 165 598 309 142 802 731 593 $ 142 85 35 161 74 39 156 243 54 $ 79,275 46,540 25,050 117,820 63,425 13,385 171,870 118,107 29,450 128 63 61 114 36 82 140 207 174 $ 5,310 5,760 6.085 6.260 3.185 4.807 8.935 9.257 9.022 345.315 1.106.325 443.608 1.574.607 1.057,300 $ 50,626 107,241 52.615 163,384 139.436 9 15 12 29 18 480 347 772 508 67.800 72,500 209,740 113.840 3 4 S 6 Lake St. Clair, St. Clair and Detroit Rivers 7 8 Lake Erie and Upper Niagara Rivi^r. . . Lake Ontario, Lower Niagara and St. 30 730 262.800 1.414.342 1.162.370 346.150 215,729 110,881 31 627 9 Sundry Inland Waters 9 221 41,800 4.043 113 3.0S8 768,480 989 664.922 1,00.S 58.621 7.450.017 871.539 APPENDIX Quantities of No. District Herring VVhitefish Trout Pike Pickerel (Blue) Pickerel (Dore) 1 Kenora and Rainy River Districts lbs. lbs. 710.280 389.330 295.341 1.089.975 204.761 350 1,267,485 843.095 1.358.397 lbs. 117.175 1.746,607 412.447 1.622,443 1.680.338 lbs. 858.444 6.698 60.460 84.258 475 22.183 30.516 128.589 119.689 lbs. 19,815 lbs. 1.095.039 2 Lake Superior 2.525.753 9.861 22.035 550.936 92.728 3 North Channel 133 652 4 260 89 763 5 Lake Huron 139,777 6 Lake St. Clair, St. Clair and Detroit Rivers 10.715 2.538,256 13.592 472 25,825 7 8 Lake Erie and Upper Niagara River .... Lake Ontario. Lower Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers 360,962 1,394,412 48,736 3.155 555.679 116.875 134,977 31,814 9 Sundry Inland Waters 245,400 Totals 4.912,695 6.159.014 6,254.719 1.311,312 2.583.110 1,988,975 Values $ c. 294.761.70 $ c. 800.671.82 $ c. 813.113.47 $ c. 91.791.84 S c. 154.986.60 $ c. 258,566.75 GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1929 39 No. 6 DEPARTMENT, ONTARIO of Ontario, for year ending December 31st, 1929 MENT Seine Nets Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip and Roll Nets Night Lines Spears Freezers an Ice Houses Piers and Wharves Total No. Yards \'alue No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks V'alue No. Value No, Value No. Value $ 42 59 136 94 117 189 585 S 13,000 29,150 58 $ 3,040 $ $ $ 120 26 29 55 41 31 91 45 58 $ 37,630 13,750 10,605 32,685 17,575 12,125 143,638 10,350 11,725 91 34 29 57 14 15 55 22 24 341 $ 13,615 11,175 23,000 19,570 9,175 3,850 29,625 3,010 3,175 S 202,496 22 100 281,516 63,200 112,050 71,150 21,930 326,900 253,055 7 1,300 1,350 31 715 1 6 35,885 14 5,600 4,900 9,830 3.925 4,088 23 340 147 390 278 7 38 667,706 417.809 ?7 5,395 11,900 1.745 6,607 3,338 9.335 1,630 6 904 59,775 41 22 563 218 410 18,990 7,990 5 66 25 1,019 359 1,169,414 14 273,634 62 34 11,280 68 488 154,098 151 26.947 22,557 1,256 648.660 892 31,145 79 1,409 60.176 5,366 75 526 496 290,083 116,195 3,479,503 No. 7 Fish Taken Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mi.xed Coarse Caviare Total Value lbs. 22,849 1,306 12,320 lbs. ii 74.612 15,332 lbs. 12,850 150 7,569 lbs. 254.582 2,744 lbs. 75,939 125 lbs. 10,443 1,119 819 67,804 2,631 60,993 194,603 89,450 181,862 lbs. 249,871 89,989 353,017 146.138 101,435 147,736 895,830 277,649 441,158 lbs. 900 34 1.013 340 1.073 295 lbs. 3.428,187 4,856,549 1,285,486 3,229.533 2.941.264 369,446 11.260,105 3,691,027 2,793,695 S c. 356,427 65 446,129 48 133,754 83 2.299 9,926 12.886 5,894 35,776 62,224 5,689,210 154,610 33,870 94,932 213,222 3,698 974 26,194 116.950 122,617 71,734 389,003 33 322,645 66 25.880 91 27,076 766 995 72 2.968 29,664 1.940 130.211 321,414 29 292,030 34 121,294 89,956 6.002,153 697,631 418,231 609,724 2,702.823 3.655 33,855,292 $ c. 48,517 60 $ c. 7,196 48 S c. 360,129 18 S c. 48,834 17 S c. 33.458 48 $ c. 30,486 20 $ c. 108.112 92 $ c. 3.655 00 $ c. $ c. 3,054,282 21 40 THE REPORT UPON GAME AND FISHERIES FOR 1929 No. 36 APPENDIX No. 8 Comparative Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of Ontario Kind Herring Whitefish .... Trout Pike Blue Pickerel. Pickerel Dore. Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Coarse Fish . . Caviare Total 1928 lbs. 5,300,519 5,823,448 6,659,465 1,246,799 2,149,647 2,001,288 139,197 122,797 4,693,402 1,030,426 434,808 724,038 3,051,459 4,411 33,381,704 1929 lbs. 4,912,695 6,159,014 6,254,719 1,311,312 2,583,110 1,988,975 121,294 89,956 6,002,153 697,631 418,231 609,724 2,702,823 3,655 33,855,292 Increase lbs. ' 335,566 "64,513 433,463 1,308,751 "473,588 Decrease lbs. 387,824 404,746 12,313 17,903 32,841 332,795 16,577 114,314 348,636 756 *Net increase. APPENDIX No. 9 Statement of the Yield of the Fisheries of the Province of Ontario for year 1929 Compiled from the Fishermen's Annual Returns Kind Quantity Price per Pound Estimated Value Herring Whitefish Trout Pike Blue Pickerel Pickerel Dore. Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Coarse Fish . . . Caviare Total lbs.. 912,695 159,014 ,254,719 311,312 583,110 988,975 121,294 89,956 002,153 697,631 418,231 609,724 .702,823 3,655 33,855,292 $ c. 0 06 13 13 07 06 13 40 08 06 07 08 05 04 1 00 294,761 70 800,671 82 813,113 47 91,791 84 154,986 60 258,566 75 48,517 60 7,196 48 360,129 18 48,834 17 33,458 48 30,486 20 108,112 92 3,655 00 3,054,282 21 APPENDIX No. 10 Value of Ontario Fisheries for a Period of Twenty Years, 1910 to 1929, Inclusive. Year Value $ c. 1910 2,348,269 57 1911 2,419,178 21 1912 2,842,877 09 1913 2,674,686 76 1914 2,755,293 11 1915 3,341,181 41 1916 2,658,992 43 1917 2,866,424 00 1918 3,175,110 32 1919 2,721,440 24 Year Value 1920 2,691,093 74 1921 2,656,775 82 1922 2,807,525 21 1923 2,886,398 76 1924 3,139,279 03 1925 2,858,854 79 1926 2,643,686 28 1927 3,229,143 57 1928 3,033,944 42 1929 3,054,282 2 Twenty-Fourth Annual Report OF THE Game and Fisheries Department 1930 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO SESSIONAL PAPER No. 9. 1931 ONTARIO TORONTO Printed and Published by Herbert H. Ball, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty 193 I To His Honour W. D. Ross, Esq., Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario. May It Please Your Honour: I have the honour to submit herewith, for the information of Your Honour and the Legislative Assembly, the Twenty-fourth Annual Report of the Game and Fisheries Department of this Province. I have the honour to be. Your Honour's most obedient servant, CiiAS. McCrea, Minister of Mines. Toronto, 1931. TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Game and Fisheries Department of Ontario To THE Honourable Charles McCrea, Minister of Mines. Sir: — I have the honour to place before you this Twenty-fourth Annual Report of the Department of Game and Fisheries of Ontario, covering the year 1930. FINANCIAL The table subjoined hereto shows in detail the various sources from which this Department derived its revenue during the fiscal year ending October 31st, 1930. Revenue for Fiscal Year 1930 Game — Royalty $96,81 1 . 80 Licenses — ' Trapping $50,969.00 Non-resident hunting 72,140.00 Deer 75,961.30 Moose 7,832.00 Gun 52,756.00 Fur dealers 36,273.00 Fur farmers 8,439.50 Tanners 170.00 Cold storage 1 75 . 00 304,715.80 $401,527.60 Fisheries — Royalty $16,378.56 Licenses — Fishing $105,748 13 Angling 209.019. 75 314,767.88 Sales — spawn taking 667 25 331,813.69 General — Guides' licenses $6,2 1 2 . 00 Fines 16,415. 70 Costs 1,764.29 Sales — confiscated articles, etc 7,270 89 Rent 5,004 . 00 Commission 3,438.65 Miscellaneous 1,429.52 — 41,535.05 Experimental Fir Far.m 986. 50 $775,862.84 The following comparative table outlines the annual revenues and expendi- tures of the Department in each of the past five years, 1926 to 1930, inclusive, as well as showing the surplus in each of the years mentioned: [1] DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 Revenue Expenditure Surplus 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 $682,063.32 721,576.25 733,259.75 775,374.80 775,862.84 $399,744.24 492,472.88 518,054.96 607,835.95 687,545.90 $282,319.08 229,103.37 215,204.79 167,538.85 88,316.94 During the year 1930, possibly owing to existing general conditions, little increase in the revenue collected was shown, and with the increased expenditures, attributable to the expanding activities of the Department, the surplus of revenue over expenditure continued to show a reduction. In view of the character of the work with the administration and performance of which this Department is charged from year to year, it becomes increasingly evident that the time is not far distant when the current expenditures will equal and possibly surpass the amount of the annual revenue at present collected. STATISTICS Ai)pended to this report will be found statistical tables giving details of the various species and quantities of fry and fingerlings raised in our several Provincial fish hatcheries, as well as the designation and location of the waters in which such fry and fingerlings have been deposited. In addition there are statistical tables in connection with the commercial fishing industry. There will also be noted throughout this report statistics respecting the fur trade and other branches of Departmental work. These figures have all been most carefully assembled and prepared, and aff"ord \ery interesting and valuable information to those concerned. GAME The following table shows the number of large game hunting licenses which have been issued throughout Ontario during the past five years: Resident moose Resident deer Non-resident hunting 1926 1,359 23,392 1,698 1927 1,379 21,111 2,237 1928 1,371 21,867 1,721 1929 1,356 22,164 1,975 1930 1,424 26,213 2,015 A comparative study of these figures reveals the fact that the hunting features of this Province continue to attract to our great outdoors at that most glorious period of our year — the fall — thousands of sportsmen, and in numbers which are not at all diminishing, to participate in the opportunities afforded and enjoy the benefits which are derived from a vacation in the woods, communing with nature on its best behaviour, and returning the better equipped physically to combat the approaching rigours of a winter season. The following is a brief summary of conditions throughout the year under review as they affected game birds and animals, compiled from the reports sub- mitted by the District Superintendents of the Department: 1931 ANNUAL REPORT. 1930 3 Deer. — In the extreme northwestern section of the Province, i.e. the districts of Rain}' River and Kenora, and in that portion of southern Ontario in which there has been an absolute close season on these animals, conditions have shown improvement, while in the northerly sections of southern Ontario, and the southerly sections of the eastern end of northern Ontario, where possibly the most intensive deer hunting takes place, the most optimistic statement would be that conditions are about the same as in the past few years. Moose. — Some slight improxement is noticed here, especially in tiie north- western portion of the Province. Caribou. — There is a clo'se season throughout the Province on this species at present. Conditions are improving and numbers on the increase in the north. Ruffed Grouse or Partridge. — This species has increased in numbers very considerably, the improvement undoubtedly being attributable to the close season which has been in existence in late years. Sharp-tailed Grouse or Prairie Hen. — These birds are prevalent only in the northwestern section of the Province, from where it is reported that they are increasing in number. Quail. — Owing to climatic conditions these birds have not been as plentiful, and at present are found only in the southwestern counties. Ducks. — These birds continue to be plentiful, and to afford good hunting. Pheasants {Ring-necked) . — Doing extremeh' well in the southwestern portion of the Province. They are now also found in the southern portions of the central and eastern counties, though the success which will attend their intro- duction to this last-mentioned section will depend very largely on climatic conditions. During the year, arrangements were considered, having in mind the transfer of the pheasant propagation activities of the Department from the Bird Farm at Eugenia, to the property acquired at Codrington. in the county of Northumberland. The general public continues to show a very keen interest in the work of getting this species established where conditions are conducive to success, as is evidenced by the fact that in 1930, some 12,000 pheasant eggs were distributed to 679 applicants. The birds hatched from these settings, when capable of taking care of themselves, are liberated. The co-operation received along these lines is very deeply appreciated. Supplementing this work, 1,578 adult live ring-necked pheasants were liberated at various points by the Department, from stock raised at the Bird Farms at Eugenia and Normandale. Hungarian Partridge. — There are some signs of improvement apparent in conditions as they affect these birds in the central counties where the introduction has been undertaken. Plover and Snipe. — These birds are extreme!}' scarce. FURS There was a considerable decline in the number of pelts on which royalty was paid during 1930. Market conditions and the j)revailing low prices f)ossibly had the effect of impressing upon trapfjers the advisability of curtailing ojierations 2— G & F 4 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 0 in a season when financial returns would be somewhat below the average. The wisdom of such a course will be evident in the increased number of fur-bearers available when price conditions improve. However to maintain the output at its present point it would appear to be absolutely essential that strict obser- vance of all regulations, and more particuarly as they affect close seasons, should be enforced, and in view of the fact that these regulations are not unreasonable, the Department does not anticipate any great difificulty in securing the desired co-operation. Summary of conditions as applied to fur-bearing animals is as follows: Bear. — Decreased catch, though numbers increased, especially in the north. Beaver. — Catch remained practically stationary. In the closed areas numbers are apparently increasing, though in the areas where an open season exists, conditions are not improving. A continuation of the restrictions on the taking of this species is most desirable. Fisher. — Catch shows considerable decrease, and while the numbers may not be decreasing, there is little, if any, improvement in conditions. Fox. — Catch shows considerable decrease. Undoubtedly the numbers of these animals are decreasing, but it is anticipated that the close season provided by the enactment of 1930, and the protection afforded to this species thereunder, will have a beneficial effect on future conditions. Lynx. — This species is becoming very scarce throughout the Province, as evidenced by the annually diminishing catch. Marten. — Another species which is losing ground. Catch decreasing annually. No improvement is evident except possibly in Algoma district. They require all the protection now afforded. Mink. — Catch about stationary, or slightly increased. Conditions remain about as usual, though in some districts, widely separated, some improvement is shown. Muskrat. — Catch shows ten per cent, decline. Conditions improved somewhat during the year in southern Ontario, though numbers continue to be very scarce in the north. 0//er.^Catch considerably decreased during the year. Conditions remain about the same as in the past few years, with some improvement shown in the northern portion of southern Ontario and in the central part of northern Ontario. Remarks on close season and restrictions on taking of beaver apply to otter. Raccoon. — Catch remained stationary. This species is prevalent in southern Ontario only, where, generally speaking, conditions 'show slight improvement. Skunk. — Catch continued to decrease, though numbers are still reported plentiful. Weasel. — Catch declined substantially, though numbers are reported plentiful. Wolf. — Numbers would appear to be decreasing. (See Wolf Bounties.) 1931 ANNUAL REPORT, 1030 The following table compares, for the past six years, pelts of fur-bearing animals, other than those which were ranch-raised, on which royalty was paid: Bear Beaver Fisher Fox (cross) Fox (red) Fox (silver or black) Fox (white) Fox (not specified). . Lynx Marten Mink Muskrat Otter Raccoon Skunk Weasel Wolverine Total 1925 2 3 68 534 4 22 67 34 ,014 ,364 ,936 ,601 ,198 433 974 61 ,200 ,125 ,138 ,739 ,522 ,157 ,100 ,365 814,935 1926 1,635 27,597 2,618 4,175 30,535 620 226 165 3,884 3,177 65,299 387,022 4,304 21,002 75,503 63,599 11 691,372 1927 1,472 20,738 3,904 3,502 26,112 403 977 136 4,568 3,261 37,628 469,947 3,168 15.958 59,488 72,645 15 723,922 1928 1,575 22,040 5,400 4,116 25,943 646 590 160 3,845 3,492 32,009 514,161 4,510 13,513 79,442 79,425 19 790,886 1929 1,888 17,348 4,343 1,606 14,550 197 16 132 1,718 2,738 29,893 714,019 4,562 13,653 75,773 117,053 6 999,495 1930 1,594 17,493 2,510 1,188 11,076 154 116 106 871 1,770 30,226 643,999 3,986 13,757 72,667 99,704 9 901,226 The value of these pelts in 1930 to the trapper amounted to $2,410,987.79, which is a total considerably lower than that of the preceding year, though, as previously stated, this reduction can very largely be attributed to the unfavour-. ably low values which applied to the fur industry due to a period of extreme business depression. In addition to the above, the total of ranch-raised silver and black foxes, dressed or exported, on which no royalty is payable, and which were raised on the licensed fur farms of the Province, was 6,446; 4,906 of which were exported and the balance of 1,540 were dressed in the Province. It is estimated that these pelts had a value of $430,786.18. FUR FARMING The possibilities which the successful raising in captivity of fur-bearing animals on properties operated as fur farms under license from this Department continue to attract increasing attention from interested parties in many sections; and as the interest of the individual fur farmer becomes more firmly established in his own particular operation, generally speaking the fur-farming industry throughout the Province receives additional assurance of future success. At this time it is interesting to note that every fur-bearer which is native to Ontario is now included in the list of animals with which these licensed fur farms are stocked for propagation purposes. Fur farmers' licenses issued during the past five years are as follows: 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 783 986 1,148 i,360 1,557 The following is a table showing the list of animals reported to be stocked on thete licensed fur farms as at December 31st, in each of the years repori^^d upon: DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 Animals Stocked on Licensed Fir Farms as at "December 31st *Exclusive of muskrat. fExclusive of muskrat and beaver in semi-captivity. EXPERIMENTAL FUR FARM 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Beaver 100 28 142 48 98 54 93 67 3 385 489 16,457 107 5 3,068 2,163 2 1,337 22 13 66 Fisher 57 Fitch Fox (cross) 397 397 7,095 49 3 468 444 314 9,664 56 2 826 1,107 353 365 12,555 60 6 1,247 2,016 501 Fox (red) 561 Fox (silver black) 20,026 Fox (blue) Lynx 94 6 Mink 7,184 Aluskrat 1,821 Otter Raccoon Skunk 290 49 4 7 619 91 7 21 4 831 62 13 20 2 4 1,481 9 Bear 9 30 Weasel (ermine) 37 7 Badger 9 Total *8,887 tl3,345 tl7,686 t24,255 131,854 Investigations dealing with many problems connected with fur-farming were carried out during the year. Owing to the appearance of several outbreaks of contagious disease among Ontario foxes, considerable time was spent in finding the causes and possible treatment for two of them. At the present time at least five contagious diseases are recognized among foxes, namely distemper, contagious pneumonia, hemorrhagic septicemia, encephalitis, and paratyphoid. The Experimental Fur Farm investigated dis- temper and contagious pneumonia. Parasites and parasitic diseases continue to be of major importance. Parasitic infestation among the fur-bearers of the Dominion appears to be widespread. This applies not only to ranch-bred animals, but also to animals taken directly from their natural environment. From the data gathered it is found that fur-bearers in the wilds invariably harbour one or more parasites. Particularly is this true of the animals that frequent sluggish waters and feed upon the fish that live in these waters. To what extent parasitism may be responsible for heavy annual losses among our fur-bearing animals offers a wide field for investigation. Observations were continued with regard to the most suitable feeds and methods of feeding for the large variety of animals on hand. This subject has now to be studied not only from the nutritional point of view but from the econo- mic as well. With the fox industry largely dependent upon the sale of pelts for revenue, the question of overhead expenses is becoming more important yearly. Throughout the year there has been a marked increase in correspondence. Enquiries were received from every province and many foreign countries con- cerning every phase of fur-farming. During the summer and fall months interviews take place daily with fur farmers regarding their various difficulties. Frequently sick and injured animals are brought for treatment. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT, 1930 7 Two bulletins were issued, namely. "Feeding and Diseases of the Fox," and ''The Mink in Captivity." Both publications are meeting with a steady demand. At the request of the Ontario Fox Breeders' Association the technical staff, in conjunction with the lecturers of the Ontario Veterinary College, gave a series of lectures and practical demonstrations at the Summer School held in Guelph, Ont. The course was well recei\ed by the breeders present. Four hundred and two autopsies were performed and findings reported to the owners. One hundred and four animals were treated for sickness and injuries. Eight hundred tests to determine parasitic infections were done. Observations ox Feed Two bulletins were published dealing with the feeds and feeding of the fox and mink. Both were written from the practical viewpoint. The methods advised are in daily use at the Experimental Fur Farm and, while subject to revision, they have proven to be satisfactory. There is much to be said for and against the publication of feed charts, giving exact quantities fed daily per animal. Feed charts are only a guide to the novice, and should be accepted as such. When more experience is gained in feeding he can adjust his charts to meet the individual requirements and particular environment of his animals. Feed charts do, however, prevent serious errors in diet and in the quanti- ties fed. The Fur Farm has consistently advocated a high meat ration for adults and pups. The latter should receive meat with the first feed. Heavy cereal rations are entirely unsuited for the fox. A number of observations on the digestibility of a variety of feeds used for foxes were made this year. These were pelting foxes, and examinations were carried out at varying intervals after feeding. Meat and Fish. — Meat and fish appear to be about equal in digestibility, and are by far the most thoroughly digested of all the feeds fed. Herring fed whole were better digested than when ground. Cereals. — A variety of cereals were used; all of them were held for longer periods in the stomach than meat or fish, and digestion in the intestines was very slow. A large residue of undigested material was found in the intestines. Vegetables. — Unless finely ground to a pulp, vegetables are practicalh" in- digestible for the fox. Even when finely ground a large residue remains in the intestines. Canned tomatoes were found to be superior to either beets or carrots. Eggs and Milk. — When fed without the addition of other feeds, eggs and milk are not assimilated to any extent by the fox. If mixed with bread and other solids, their digestibility is increased. These observations are confirmed with practical experience in the living animal. Foxes to obtain maximum development require a high meat protein diet and cereals should be looked upon as purely supplementary feed and not used to replace meat or fish. Pups are unable to handle bulky cereal feeds in large quantities. To obtain maximum nourishment easily digested food is essential. Eggs and milk should be fed mixed with other food and not as a single item of diet. Sick foxes should not receive either eggs or milk, but should be fed DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 raw meat or blood. Coarsely ground vegetables are of little nutritive value, but may be beneficial as a roughage, helping to prevent constipation. There is still a tendency with beginners to overfeed in the summer months. Especially is this the case with farmers accustomed to handling domestic animals and taking a pride in having them in good shape. It is apparently difficult for them to realize that it is natural for the fox to appear ragged and thin during the summer months and that this condition is not due to lack of feed. Feed Costs With fur-farming now being considered as a commercial proposition, the cost of overhead expense is an important item. When animals were valued only as expensive breeding stock the feed cost was not as important as today, when most ranches are operating on a strictly pelt basis. Z-25 2-00 1-75 1-50 1-25 1-00 •75 •50 •25 ■00 y \ Fo K.: '• ^ .•\ : 1 N , A \ . •• •o ' 7 * ', .•■■ •-.: 1/ / \ \ / ^ J - -\ y 4^ < / \ V^ ^^ \' ^ 1 \ Co on \ 1 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. I7^0I 8-60 7-55 Graph of 1930 feed costs. The figures at the left show the average monthly cost each; those at the right the average yearly cost. In the records kept at the Experimental Fur Farm an endeavour is made to account for each ounce of feed fed daily to each animal on the premises. These amounts are totalled monthly and a careful check kept on the cost. During the past fiscal year (November 1st, 1929, to October 31st, 1930) the following amounts of feed were consumed by the various animals kept on the farm. Horses 28 Meat lbs. 21,027 Frozen fish . Canned fox meat. Hay Grain Fox bread Fox biscuits Fox meal 4,000 500 11,540 8,300 7,819 400 300 Powdered yeast lbs. 224 Powdered milk " 95 Milk qts. 500 Eggs doz. 1 1 9 Root vegetables tons 6 Canned tomatoes gals. 30 Cranberries cases 2 Raisins " 1 Poplar wood loads 8 1931 ANNUAL REPORT, 1930 9 The average monthly cost per animal is obtained by dividing the total monthly cost by the number of animals on hand. The average monthly cost per animal totalled for the year equals the cost of feeding one animal of that species during 1930. The column on the left of the above graph shows the average cost per animal and on the right is the total average yearly cost per animal. Young animals are not listed until July, when it is estimated that they consume as much food per head as the adults. This accounts for the sharp elevations in May and June when the females require large amounts of nourishing food and the pups as well are eating a certain quantity. The drop in July is when the youngsters first appear as adults in the records. The second rise in September and October is due to the meat ration being increased as is advocated in the bulletin for that time of the year. Although the meat ration continues to be heavy in November and December, horse meat constitutes a large part of the meat ration for all breeding stock. Horse meat purchased locally is far below abattoir prices of beef fox meat. This would appear to closely coincide with ranch practice throughout the Province. Owing to feeding two tons of frozen fish, purchased at a reasonable price, the costs may be a little low during the winter months but on the whole they should compare favourably with ranches elsewhere. Raccoon hibernate during January, February, and March, and eat little during November and December. This will account for the graph of feed costs being low for these animals during the above-mentioned periods. Fox.— The average cost of feed for one fox at the Experimental Fur Farm during 1930 was S17.01. The cost of a pair and their young up to the age of three months would be $34.02 for the year. The pups are figured separately as adults in the amount of food consumption after June 30th. Each pup cost $7.70 to feed from three months up to pelting time. The cost of feed for a pair of foxes and three pups for the year 1930 would be $57.12. As the adult pair must be carried over each year or pups substituted for breeders, the cost of feed for each pup raised to pelting maturity would be $19.04. This is for an average of three pups to the litter, which is more than ideal for most ranches. As well as the cost of feed for each animal pelted, labour and overhead on pen construction must be considered. Compared to other ventures in live stock, fox-ranching would appear to be a legitimate enterprise, even at present pelt values. Mink. — The average feed cost for each mink in 1930 was $8.60. As the general practice is to keep one male for every three females, the cost of a unit would be $34.40. An average of ten young to a unit would cost $3.51 each or $35.10. The total feed cost of a unit of four mink and ten young would be S60.50. As the adults are carried over or substituted, each mink raised to pelting maturity would cost $6.95 for feed. Mink-raising is remunerative from a pelt basis providing the overhead cost of pen construction and labour is not too high. In comparison to the fox, the mink will consume a surprising amount of feed for such a small animal. Raccoon. — Notwithstanding the fact that the raccoons hibernated for at least three months and ate but little in two other months and were fed as economically as possible without sacrificing a nourishing breeding ration, the cost of feed for 1930 was $7.55 per coon. A unit of one male and three females would cost $30.20; youngsters $3.53 each so that an average unit of twelve young and four adults would cost $72.56 for the year. The feed cost to raise each young coon up to December 31st, 1930, was $6.05. However, raccoon J^ DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 do not mature the first year and should he kept over until the following pelting period before they are suitable as good pelters. The young as a rule do not breed until they are two years old so that they cannot be expected to produce any further young while being kept over the second year. If they are kept over there would be an additional cost of S7.55 each, which brings the cost up to $13.60. Whether the young are pelted the first year at low prices or kept over until the second year and sold at top market price, the cost of feed alone is as much as could be expected from the sale of pelts. When the cost of pen construction, time, and labour are also added it would appear that at present pelt prices the raising of raccoon would not be a profitable venture unless an extremely low- priced feed were available. Housing of Animals There appears to be a tendency to overlook the necessity for providing fur- bearing animals with warm, dry nests. It is safe to say that many losses are encountered annually due to neglecting this important factor. Mink are very susceptible to cold and damp quarters, particularly during seasons when the weather is changeable. In October and November, the Fur Farm received for examination a number of cases dying with pneumonia. If the nest-box is packed full of straw or hay, the mink will make a twisting tunnel, leading from the entrance into his nest. This nest is about the size of a robin's and is completely covered and hidden from view. Shavings are not recommended except during the summer months. If the weather is wet and stormy frequent changes of straw are necessary to insure comfortable sleeping quarters and healthy surroundings. The mink, otter, and beaver can normally swim for hours in the coldest waters without any ill effect. Under natural conditions, the strong oily guard fur completely protects the soft underfur. The latter will be found to be perfectly dry on examination. This is not the case with mink in captivity and repeated soaking with rain will gradually penetrate the underfur, producing a chilling effect on the body. If this effect is further accentuated by sleeping in wet, cold nest-boxes, the resistance to disease is lowered with resulting losses from pneumonia. Tail-sloughing appears to be the direct result of insufficient and unsuitable bedding at times when the weather is alternately freezing and thawing. The skin becomes irritated and infected through constantly rubbing on wet and freezing bedding. Foxes should be provided with shelter against rain. Not only is the fur adverse- ly affected but repeated wettings are injurious to foxes affected with lung worm. Lung-worm pneumonia is particularly prevalent in the changeable seasons. Adult foxes can withstand the coldest weather, but this is not the case with pups. Many new-born pups are lost owing to cold nest-boxes improperly constructed. It will pay through the winter months to inspect the nests repeatedly. Some adults will chew through the sides and top of the boxes, and the packing material will become lost and scattered. Many ranchers now favour a nest with a depression on the floor. The pups are thus kept together and cannot wander off to the sides of the box and become chilled. The use of heavy compressed-paper fabrics for insulating the nest-box is meeting with favour. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT, 1930 11 Notes ox Breeding Breeding operations have been carried out along strictly practical lines. Selective mating and the continued concentration of the descendants of superior foxes has resulted in a steady improvement in the pups and pelts. Foxes which are not producing a satisfactory quality of pups are being rapidly eliminated. Cross foxes are attracting considerable attention and many enquiries have been received regarding possible results from given matings. Before definite statements can be made, thorough investigation of the subject is required. So far, reds mated to silver blacks have produced a predominance of red pups. A majority of these pups have bluish-black markings on the chest and throat. They produce pups with a distinct cross marking, and produce cross pups when mated to silvers and black foxes. Those engaged in cross fox-breeding are advised to carry on to the second generation at least. Particularly is this the case if the pups have the markings referred to. Distemper of Foxes During the past year we had the opportunity of investigating a number of outbreaks of infectious diseases among silver foxes. Several of these resembled distemper of the dog and were later found to be transmissible from dogs to foxes. The foxes were observed on the ranches where the disease occurred and every assistance was given the staff in making observations and securing laboratory material. Cause Distemper is a highly contagious disease affecting animals and is due to a filtrable virus. The susceptibility of the fox to canine distemper has been a subject of considerable controversy among fox ranchers and veterinarians. In one particular outbreak, two dogs, obviously suffering from distemper, were at liberty in the ranch cook-house. We were of the opinion that it was necessary to eliminate or confirm the possibility of the foxes having contracted the disease from these dogs. With this objective in view, two healthy scrub foxes were shipped to the \'eterinary Hospital conducted by Dr. J. A. Campbell, Toronto. They were placed in the isolation distemper ward in pens adjacent to dogs manifesting all stages of virulent distemper. Both foxes were dead within a month and showed similar post-mortem lesions observed later in our investigations. Course and Characteristics In the epidemics observed, the disease originated in one or two pens, and did not break out simultaneously from all quarters of the ranches. Where it was not checked, however, in a few weeks a general epidemic was in force. The heaviest mortality was among the pups. This is to be expected consider- ing the general practice of running the litters in the same pens for the greater part of the summer. One infected pup will quickly give the contagion to his litter mates. Where pups are housed in sheds a rapid spread can be looked for. The thermometer offers little assistance in diagnosing the disease in the incubation period, the period when the fox may be sickening but does not show any definite symptoms. Even with normal foxes, the excitement of catching and handling will elevate the temperature. Once the temperature drops to subnormal, i.e. below 100 degrees, death can be expected in a short time. 3— G & F 12 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 Symptoms A change in the colour and consistency of the feces is an early symptom. At first the appetite is irregular, but not entirely lost. A purulent discharge from the eyes and nose is usually present and becomes more prominent in the later stages. The fox suffers from extreme thirst judging by the craving for water. There is a rapid decline in condition, accompanied by a harsh dry pelt. The individual hairs tend to stand on end. All sense of direction is lost as demonstrated by the fact that the fox walks blindly against the kennel and sides of the pen. A tendency to walk in circles is very noticeable. Some foxes occasionally emit an unusual sighing sound. The odour peculiar to distemper is prevalent and is soon recognized by those having experience with the disease in dogs. In the final stages the eye becomes sunken in the head, severe twitchings of the extremities develop, and the fox dies in a coma, which may last as long as twenty-four hours. PosT-MoRTEM Findings Post-mortem examinations of foxes frequently show no pathological changes. This may be true of cases that have shown severe symptoms for two weeks. The carcass is usually emaciated. The emaciation may not be so marked in foxes dying rapidly. The most constant change is found in the brain, which may be inflamed and contain fluid under its coverings. A pale tallow-coloured liver, friable and easily broken, is characteristic. Other abnormal conditions, due to systemic infection, such as inflammation of the kidneys, lymph glands, intestines, and occasionally the heart muscle, may be found. Differential Diagnosis Encephalitis. — Death occurs within two days, often with no symptoms having been noticed. Frequently the fox is picked up dead by the keeper. The eyes are prominent and the animals die in convulsions. The carcass is in a good state of nutrition. If any discharge is present from the eyes and nostrils, it is thin and watery. Distemper. — Death may not occur for one to three weeks. The eyes are sunken in the head. The carcass is emaciated. There is a purulent discharge from eyes and nostrils. The fox dies in coma. Prevention Canine distemper of the dog is transmissible to foxes. The dangers of taking the infection from dogs into the fox ranch are obvious. As a rule distemper afl'ects dogs from three to nine months of age. It would be a wise precaution to buy only adults for household pets or watch dogs. Should the rancher commence losing a fox or two during the winter months- it is advisable to determine the exact cause of death. Epidemics appear to have commenced in this manner, the disease not assuming alarming proportions until the pups are attacked in the early summer. Fox ranches are more or less isolated units, and this favourable factor should be fully employed to prevent exposure to disease. Any foxes purchased or exhibited should be kept isolated from the main ranch. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT, 1930 13 Treatment Once the disease appears, strict sanitation and isolation are the two weapons the rancher has to depend upon to fight the disease. Attendants should enter the pen only when absolutely necessary. This rule should hold good, even at the expense of pen cleaning. It is advisable to feed and water through the wire. Foxes showing definite symptoms should be destroyed and the carcasses burned or deeply buried. Medicinal treatment of the sick individual is of no avail. In the observation of over two hundred cases not one fox recovered. The attendant handling sick foxes for treatment opens another avenue of spreading the infection to healthy foxes. Isolation of all foxes that have been in contact with or located in pens near the sick ones is imperative. These isolated foxes should be placed in the remotest portion of the ranch and watched carefully for any developments. When pen space is available, not more than two foxes should be kept together and better still one fox to a pen. These foxes should have a separate attendant, but if this is not possible the hands and footwear must be disinfected when going from one group to the other. A shallow pan about half filled with bran and then poured full of disinfectant can be left at convenient places for this purpose. If it is necessary to handle sick or contact foxes a light coat which can be boiled is useful. BlOLOGICS The prevention of distemper by the use of biologies has been attempted experimentally with encouraging results. Sufficient data, however, have not been obtained to warrant specific statements as to their efficiency. Seven foxes injected simultaneously with 10 c.c. Laidlaw-Dunkin anti-canine distemper serum and 5 c.c. vaccine were exposed to infection and remained healthy. The use of 10 c.c. doses of the serum alone appears to check the infection for some two to three weeks and would, therefore, need to be repeated every three weeks or less to insure protection until the infection subsides. It is to be hoped that further research will settle the case of the usefulness of biologies in fox distemper. Comment While several authorities have stated that canine distemper may be trans- mitted to foxes, there has been considerable controversy among men associated with the fox industry on this subject. We have found that foxes when exposed to natural infection by being placed in pens adjoining dogs suffering from clinical distemper came down with the disease. It would appear that the early and severe symptoms and the rapid fatal termination rather than the slower course followed in dogs is due to the highly nervous constitution of the fox. The fox being a wild animal has not been exposed to repeated infections as has the dog and would therefore not have any natural immunity against distemper. The infection appears to affect the central nervous system, and cases in foxes could be likened to the so-called nervous form of distemper in dogs. In over 200 observed cases of fox distemper not one animal made a recovery. It would thus appear that foxes have no natural resistance against the disease. Labor.\tory Procedures Bacteriological Examination. — Carcasses of foxes dead within 12 hours were obtained and blood agar plates planted from the various organs. No patho- 14 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 genie organisms were isolated with the exception of a pure culture of streptococci from two cases. Injections of this organism in foxes and other experimental animals failed to give rise to any disease. It would, therefore, appear to be a secondary invader of a non-virulent type and certainly not responsible for the outbreaks. Smears and cultures of the heart's blood failed to show any organisms, nor did the injection of heart's blood intravenously in the ear veins of rabbits and subcutaneously and intraperitoneally in guinea pigs give rise to any symptoms of disease. Emulsions of ground-up spleen and brain also failed to produce the disease in rabbits and guinea pigs. Transmission to Foxes. — The clinical picture presented by sick foxes at the ranch closely resembled that of canine distemper, which is known to be caused by a filtrable virus. As no pathogenic organisms could be isolated, experiments were made in infecting fox pups. Intramuscular injections with 2 c.c. of an emulsion of the spleen and brain hypodermically produced the disease without fail. The material for injections was obtained from a fresh carcass of a fox dead of the disease on the affected ranch. A Berkefeld filtrate of the brain and spleen of a fox dead of the disease was obtained, using a 6- by 1-inch "M" candle. This was plated on blood agar to be sure it contained no organisms and was injected intramuscularly and produced the disease in its typical form. By the use of fox pups for experimental animals the incubation period was determined as being from two to three weeks with death in three to four weeks. The disease has been proved to be due to a filtrable virus. Transmission to Ferrets. — Encephalitis is the only other present known in- fectious disease of foxes caused by a filtrable virus. Green ^ states definitely that fox encephalitis does not afifect ferrets, nor was he successful in transmitting encephalitis to ferrets by injections with the virus of fox encephalitis. It is well established that the virus of canine distemper is virulent to ferrets. Healthy three-month-old ferrets not previously exposed to distemper were secured and injected intramuscularly with an emulsion of the ground-up spleen and brain of one of the foxes dying after the above experimental injections. They developed typical canine distemper symptoms and also those of fox distemper, viz. purulent discharge from the eyes and nose, rapid emaciation, rigours, coma, and death. A Berkefeld filtrate prepared as outlined above was also injected in a second series of ferrets and likewise produced the disease. Summary. — A severe infectious disease of foxes has been studied over a period of two months. Some 200 cases have been observed and the opportunity was afforded of post-morteming numerous carcasses as well as some 20 foxes dead within 12 hours for ideal bacterial examination. The disease has been proved to be caused by a filtrable virus and is not transmissible to rabbits or guinea pigs but is virulent to ferrets. From the symptoms, post-mortem, its highly infectious character, transmission to ferrets and its being caused by a filtrable virus the disease would appear to be analagous to canine distemper. Infectious Pneumonia Several severe outbreaks of pneumonia have been reported in the Province during the past year. There appears to be two separate types of infection. Lobar pneumonia affects fox pups causing a peracute fatal pneumonia. It is ijour. of Hygiene, July, 1930. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT, 1930 15 to be noted that in the outbreaks under observation no adults contracted the disease although many were equally exposed to the infection. The second type is that of broncho-pneumonia, and both pups and adults may be equally affected. The fox appears to have little resistance to either type and clinical cases seldom recover. If the infection is unchecked the mortality is extremely heavy, often reaching from 60 to 100 per cent, of the exposed susceptible animals. LOBAR PNEUMONIA Cause. — A virulent hemolytic streptococcus has been isolated from all cases examined. The infection is found in pure culture in the lungs. Smears of the bloody serum oozing from the cut surface of the lesions when stained will be found to be swarming with gram-positive short-chain streptococci organisms. Courseand Characteristics. — In our experience only pup foxes will be attacked. Dr.F.W.Schofield^ also reports this to be true in an outbreak investigated in 1929. Sometimes the entire litter of four- to five-month old pups will be wiped out while the female in the same pen remains healthy. Cases may appear suddenly but can generally be traced to one or two pens from where the infection has spread or been carried to several parts of the ranch. The history is usually that one or two pups of a litter have died but the owner has not been alarmed until the infection appeared in several adjacent pens. It is to be noted that outbreaks studied have always occurred on ranches where there was lung-worm parasitism. Lung worm and weak pups will often be the first cases. Symptoms. — Pups may be picked up dead without showing any previous symptoms. Usually, however, pups in excellent health and with previous good appetites will be noticed to miss their feed. In a few hours they will stand about with heaving sides and in apparent distress. The breathing is heavy and laboured and especially will this be noticeable if they are chased about the pen for catching. Bloody froth may appear at the nose. The affected pups become weaker and finally die in a coma. Most cases die in 24 hours but some few may last for a week. Autopsy. — The carcass is usually in excellent condition unless the fox has lasted longer than the usual one to two days. If the animal has been sick for a week or more the carcass will be thin and emaciated. Bloody froth drops from the nose if the carcass is elevated by the hind legs. On opening the thoracic cavity bloody wine-red serus fluid is often present. The entire lung tissue will be greatly swollen and congested. The colour is dark red from the engorged blood which makes the lung tissue appear like liver-red hepatization. Bloody serum oozes from the cut surface of the lung. The thoracic lymph glands are enlarged and acutely inflamed. The other body organs are usually normal. The characteristic post-mortem with the engorged lung tissue is diagnostic. BRONCHO-PNEUMONIA Cause. — A mixed infection is present with a virulent streptococcus as the predominant organism accompanied by staphylococcus and colon. Course and Characteristics. — The disease is a typical pneumonia with sickness lasting about three days to one week in adults. When pups are attacked they succumb in a few days. Foxes of all ages will contract the disease if equally exposed to infection. The history is usually that a few adult foxes have been lOntario \'eterinary College Report, 1929. 16 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 lost during the early spring but the owner has paid no attention until the infection has spread and cases suddenly appear in all parts of the ranch. When the pups are thus exposed they appear more susceptible and the owner may lose all of them before he realizes the seriousness of the situation or has time to take any precautions. When the pups are exposed they do not last long and also help to spread the infection to the rest of the adults. When once exposed, the adults appear just as susceptible as the pups but they will not succumb as quickly The adults may last two days to one week. Symptoms. — A number of animals will be affected suddenly, as opposed to the gradual onset of secondary lung-worm pneumonia or verminous bronchitis. The breathing is laboured with a distinct rattling sound in the trachea. This peculiar sound is produced by each breath being forced past the large amounts of pus that accumulate in the upper air passages. A purulent discharge may drip from the nose and sometimes small amounts will collect in the corners of the eyes. The appetite is fair at first but gradually lessens. The stools are normal at the outset but later and just prior to death the feces become liquid and foul- smelling. The foxes become weaker and die in a coma. Autopsy. — Post-mortem findings are characteristic of broncho-pneumonia. Areas of pneumonia are found throughout the lung tissue. The lungs are enlarged but the pneumonic areas are distinct and do not tend to run together or involve the entire lung. The bronchioles and trachea are inflamed and filled with much purulent material. The cut surface of the lung tissue will ooze greenish pus from ever\' tiny air passage. The lower bowel may show slight traces of inflammation from the severe diarrhoea in the last stages of the disease. The other organs show no lesions. The carcass is usually in good con- dition but this will depend on the length of sickness. Emaciation is seldom present. TREATMENT AND PREVENTION The two pneumonias will be considered together as to treatment and preven- tions. Their differentiation is not of importance to fox ranchers. Medicinal treatment of the aftected foxes is not advisable. Any clinical cases and also all foxes in the same pen as those showing symptoms or in pens where other foxes have died should be immediately isolated in special pens or placed in the remotest part of the ranch and watched for development. Care should be exercised not to carry the infection to other parts of the ranch on the feet or with the feed. The foxes should be fed and watered from outside the pens and the pens should not be entered unless absolutely necessary. Whenever foxes die from an unknown cause the carcasses should be sent immediately after death to a pathologist for post-mortem examination. Once a definite diagnosis is given steps can be taken immediately to stop the spread of further infection. Once the disease is found in several parts of the ranch the difficulty of stopping further losses is more than doubled. Ranchers would be well advised to have every death on the ranch accounted for as soon after death as posible. When a definite diagnosis of infectious pneumonia is arrived at and the causative organisms isolated an autogenous bacterin may be prepared at the laboratory. With proper facilities this will take two or three days to prepare. Injections will be found to be of great benefit in stopping the spread of further infection. Eacterin treatments of sick animals mav also be of value. If the 1931 ANNUAL REPORT, 1930 i7 ranch has sufifered outbreaks on successive years it will be well to have a con- siderable quantity of the bacterin prepared and to inject the foxes each year. LABORATORY PROCEDURES Lobar Pneumonia Bacteriological Findings. — Stained smear of the bloody exudate oozing from the cut lung surface shows gram-positive cocci both singly and in short chains. A stained smear of the trachea shows both short-chain streptococci and grouped gram-positive staphylococci. Blood agar culture plates of the cut lung surface showed pure culture of a markedly hemolytic organism. Colonies are grey, tiny discrete and are sur- rounded by a lake of hemolysis. Plates of the trachea show both hemolytic and staphylococcus colonies. Animal Inoculation. — Rabbits injected intravenously in the ear vein with a drop of the exudate oozing from the cut lung tissue died in 36 hours. A stained smear of their heart's blood shows numerous gram-positive cocci arranged singly and in short chains. An injection with heart's blood intravenously into two more rabbits caused death in 18 hours. Cultural Characteristics. — The cultural characteristics are as follows: Agar slants — No perceptible growth. Blood agar — -Tiny discrete grey colonies in the centre of a lake of marked hemolysis. Colonies tend to remain separate, no spreading. Broth- — Not good growth unless serum added, sediment. Gelatin stab — Slight growth on surface, no liquefaction. Litmus milk^Ac'id reaction, no curdling. Potato slants — No growth. Sugar reactions — Ferments dextrose, lactose, salicin with acid but no gas. No action in mannite, maltose, saccharose. Staining — Gram-positive cocci. In tissue form short chains. Autogenous Bacterin. — Four blood agar slants and one tube of serum broth planted with the hemolytic streptococcus isolated in pure culture from the lungs. One agar slant of the Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the trachea. Growth for 24 hours and then slants washed off with normal saline and mixed with the broth tubes in sealed ampules and heated in water bath for one hour at 65° C. A few drops of each ampule planted on blood agar plates as test for sterility. No growth in 24 hours. Diluted with sterile normal saline to the required strength and placed in sterile containers with rubber needle caps and 0.5 per cent, phenol added as a preservative. The dose is 3^ c.c. two days apart to all exposed foxes. Control. — Injected fox pup placed in pen with a sick fox. The pup showed no signs of disease although the sick pup died about 10 days after of hemolytic streptococcus pneumonia. Shortly after the injections 7 immunized pups escaped from their pen and dug into a pen where four pups had died of pneumonia, the last one the day prior. The pups ate what feed remained in the pen and stayed in the kennel over night, but all remained healthy. After the entire ranch had been inoculated no further cases developed, although two pups died while the bacterin was being prepared. One hundred and twenty-five exposed fox pups and a few adults were treated with two 14 c.c. doses of the bacterin given two days apart. 18 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 Conclusion. — An outbreak of infectious pneumonia in silver foxes has been studied and found to be caused by a hemolytic streptococcus. It would appear to be a virulent organism causing the death of fox pups with a severe lobar pneumonia. Age immunity is marked in adult foxes. Although several adult females were equally exposed to the infection none developed the disease. The outbreak was checked after a mortality of 10 per cent, in the pups before treat- ment was commenced. Immediate isolation of sick and contact animals and rigid sanitation was advised and an autogenous bacterin prepared. The bacterin appeared to be of great benefit and gave an immediate positive immunity. Injected control fox pups placed with sick animals were 100 per cent, protected. As with all outbreaks of infectious disease, this one may have been self-limiting but the controls favour good results from the bacterin. The above outbreak appears to be similar to that of one studied by Dr. F. W. Schofield and recorded in the Ontario \ eterinary College Report, 1929. Broncho- Pneumonia The outbreak occurred on a modern, well-kept ranch causing a total loss of 67 foxes which included all the pups, some 45 in number, and 22 adults of all ages. Two visits v/ere paid to the ranch but no error in management could be detected. The pens were almost all completely board-floored and no serious trouble had occurred from lung-worm infection. Several adults had died from time to time and the losses were increasing when the pups arrived. The pups all died within a short period. The remaining adults were then affected in epidemic proportions. Cases had occurred in all parts of the ranch showing that the infection was widespread. Bacteriological Findings. — Stained smears of the cut lung tissue oozing with pus from the tiny bronchioles showed several organisms. When plated out on blood agar, streptococci, staphylococci, and colon bacilli were isolated. Injections of the pus from the lungs intravenously into the ear veins of rabbits caused death in 48 hours. Both streptococcus and staphylococcus organisms were present in stained smears of the heart's blood of the injected rabbits. Ferrets injected subcutaneously with pus from the fox lungs came down with a typical broncho-pneumonia similar to that of the foxes and died in ten days. The same organisms were isolated from the ferret lungs as were found present in the fox-lung lesions. An autogenous bacterin containing all three organisms was prepared and all the remaining foxes injected with 3^ c.c. doses two days apart. Three more animals died while the bacterin was being prepared, but no further losses occurred after ten days from the first injections. Apparently the three foxes died before they had time to work up sufficient immunity. One of these foxes was given 3^ c.c. injections of bacterin every two days, but although it lasted some three weeks and appeared well on the way to recovery it finally succumbed. Summary. — An outbreak of infectious disease in silver foxes has been studied and would appear to be a severe broncho-pneumonia caused by a mixed infection with streptococci, staphylococci, and colon. Cultures of the intestines failed to show any paratyphoid organisms, which have been recorded as causing somewhat similar outbreaks. The infection had been well established before it was brought to our attention and the mortality was high with a loss of 67 foxes out of 89 on the ranch. An autogenous bacterin was prepared and its injection appeared to stop further losses. Broncho-pneumonia is the predominant symptom and post-mortem lesion. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT. 1930 19 It is to be regretted that we were not able to investigate the outbreak sooner when the bacterin could have been of use in keeping down the losses. Ranchers would be well advised to call in qualified assistance as soon as possible in cases of infectious disease. Once the infection becomes well established the difficulty in stopping its spread is more than doubled. Outbreaks may run their course and subside after the losses reach a certain maximum. In this instance the value of the prepared bacterin may be only an assumption. Tuberculosis in a Wild Raccoon History Three wild raccoon were sent to the Fur Farm on May 28th (seizure No. 7,951 — Legault). Three months later, on August 28th, one that had been in poor condition for some time died. Autopsy The carcass was in a generally poor condition, with a total absence of body fat, which is most unusual in this species of animal. The abdominal cavity was greatly distended with ascitic fluid. The peritoneum presented a par-boiled appearance. The stomach was found to contain numerous blood-sucking nematodes, later identified as Physaloptera sp. The lining mucosa was inflamed where the parasites had been attached. The outer wall of the stomach, omentum, and spleen were involved in a huge abscess-tumour formation. Intestinal lymphatic glands were enlarged and somewhat caseous. Lungs and heart were normal and showed no lesions. Laboratory Diagnosis A smear of the pus from the spleen was stained with Gram's method but showed up no pathogens. An acid-fast stain was also attempted for tubercle bacilli but none could be demonstrated. Blood agar culture plates were negative. Animal Inoculation. — The possibility of tuberculosis could not be over- looked, so a guinea pig was injected hypodermically with an emulsion of the ground-up spleen in normal saline. On September 25th, the injected guinea pig died in an emaciated condition. The autopsy showed a perfect picture of miliary tubercular lesions throughout the entire intestinal organs and lymphatic glands. The spleen was enlarged and showed areas of caseation. The peritoneum was studded with a multitude of tiny tubercles. Acid-fast stain revealed the presence of long curved acid-fast bacilli. Culture was attempted on egg media but was unsuccessful. Two more guinea pigs were injected subcutaneously with an emulsion of the ground-up spleen of the dead guinea pig. One of these died on October 22nd, and showed lesions identical with the above. The mate was seen to be emaciated and likely to die so it was sent to Dr. Neil McKinnon, pathologist at the Connaught Laboratories, Toronto, for positive diagnosis and type determination. The second guinea pig died on November 11th and was given for autopsy to Dr. M. H. Brown, who reported as follows: Inguinal lymph glands enlarged and caseous. Direct smear shows numerous long curved and beaded acid-fast bacilli. Greater omentum was a much enlarged mass of coalesced tubercles. Lesser omentum studded with small yellow-grey tubercles. Retroperitoneal glands enlarged and caseous. Spleen enlarged three times its usual size, red in colour and with large yellow necrotic areas. Smears from all lesions show acid-fast tubercle bacilli. Lungs were studded with isolated 20 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 yellowish areas 2 to 4 m.m. in diameter. Small tubercles present along the insertion of the diaphragm. Tracheo-bronchial glands enlarged and caseous when cut into. Smears show acid- fast bacilli. A small growth was successfully obtained on egg media after five weeks' culture. Diagnosis. — Tuberculosis. Type. — Not determined at date of writing. Summary A case of tuberculosis has been met with in a wild coon. The diagnosis was difficult but the inoculation of guinea pigs brought out the fresh lesions with more numerous bacilli. Infection may have been caused from eating a tubercular chicken or from being fed milk from a tubercular cow. We wish to acknowledge the kindness of Dr. Neil McKinnon and Dr. M. H. Brown of the Connaught Laboratories for confirming the tuberculosis diagnosis and determination of the type. Lung-Worm Pneumonic Bacterin Secondary broncho-pneumonia following lung-worm parasitism is by far the most common cause of death in foxes sent to the Experimental Fur Farm for autopsy. Lung worms present in the trachea and bronchioles of parasitized foxes set up a continual irritation and the resulting inflammation thereby weakens the lungs. Foxes so affected are most susceptible to infections, and secondary pneumonia is a common sequence. Broncho-pneumonia or catarrh is the common clinical symptom of lung-worm parasitism. The severity differs from a slight bronchial catarrh to pneumonia involving the entire lung substance. It is noted that the number of cases received at the Experimental Fur Farm are increased during and following adverse weather conditions. Pup foxes have less resistance and will often succumb quickly, while affected adults may appear healthy except for the harsh bronchial cough. On certain ranches where parasitism with lung worms is heavy the owner may lose considerable numbers of pups each year from lung complications following lung-worm infection. Routine bacteriological examination of autopsied lung-worm fox carcasses reveals that a number of organisms may be involved. Those commonly present include Staphylococcus aureus and albus, several streptococci, Alcaligines bronchisepticus, and Escherichia coli communis. Several other organisms may be included. Staphylococcus is the predominant organism. It is well known that staphylococcic bacterins give good results both as a preven- tative and in clearing up pus conditions. \Mth this object in mind, bacterins were prepared containing large amounts of staphylococcus and in proportion the other organisms listed above. All were isolated from cases of secondary broncho-pneumonia or so called lung-worm pneumonia of foxes. Some 1,500 c.c. was prepared and given to nearby ranchers that have had trouble from lung-worm infections each year. The ranchers reported excellent results and several severe cases brought to the farm for treatment were kept over and treated with gratifying results. The bacterin will not get rid of the lung worms and is not intended for that purpose. It will, however, clean up the pus condition that is usually present in the trachea and lungs. It is doubtful if the ordinary infection with lung worms alone will cause serious trouble to the fox. But it is the weakened condition of the lungs that leaves the animal susceptible to secondary infections that cause pneumonia and bronchitis, which often lead to death. The pneumonia is the real cause of death and not the lung worm. By cleaning up the existing pus condition the animal is enabled to breathe properly and to 1931 ANNUAL REPORT, 1930 21 fight off the possible pneumonia. The danger of pneumonia is lessened and the fox is able to breathe without difficulty and may be tided over until pelting time. Injections appear to be of great value in treating litters of pups that first show lung-worm symptoms. If the pups are kept healthy until the cold weather arrives, the danger of more lung-worm infection is lessened and by the next spring the fox is old enough to have developed a certain amount of resistance to the lung worm and as a rule will not show any further ill-effects. Fox pups that are known by feces test to have lung worms may be given one or two injections as a preventative. On ranches where losses from lung-worm complications run high each year it might be wise to inject all the pups several times each year. Fox ranchers that have been given generous trial amounts of the bacterin are enthusiastic in its praise. They say that it is surprising how a sick fox will brighten up and its appetite increase after a few injections. Ranchers that have had serious losses each year with pups dying from lung-worm pneumonia report a marked lessening in mortalities. Affected foxes will soon breathe easily, increase in weight, and usually grow good pelts by fall. A few experimental cases brought to the farm responded to injections of the bacterin, and carefully checked cases reported from nearby ranches prove the value of autogenous bacterin injections. It is to be noted that autogenous bacterins give consistently better results than stock preparations. That is to say if a rancher loses a fox from lung- worm pneumonia and brings in the fresh carcass, a bacterin may then be prepared that contains the special type of infection existing on his ranch. Bacterins prepared from the organisms most commonly found present in the lungs and trachea of foxes dying from verminous bronchitis or so-called lung-worm pneumonia are found to be of great merit in cleaning up the pus condition in the lungs. Pneumonia that usually follows lung-worm infection may be treated effectively or prevented by its injections. Autogenous bacterins appear to be more efficacious than stock preparations. Snuffles This disease of rabbits appears to be more or less prevalent in many parts of the Province. In the future, should rabbit-raising become seriously com- mercialized, as is now the case in the United States, the disease would be of economic importance. Snuffles has been studied over a lengthy period and our findings would correspond, in the main, to those already voiced by previous scientific workers. There are two forms of the disease, viz. the chronic or common type, which resembles a cold in the head, and a septicemia which causes death in forty-eight hours. We have found that chronic sore hocks, following an outbreak of snuffles, may be due to a latent infection localizing as abscess formations on the hocks and other locations. SnufHes is not hereditary as was formally believed by many rabbit breeders. The supposition has arisen from the fact that some healthy ral)bits may harbour the snuffle organism in their nasal passages. They may, however, pass the disease to other rabbits or to their young after weaning, and this accounts for the failure of certain animals to raise healthy young and also for the repeated losses following an initial outbreak of the disease. As exposure to dampness and cold reduces their vitality, rabbits are more susceptible to snuffles in the late fall and early spring months. Medicinal treatment is of little value in established cases. It would be advisable to immediately destroy the first cases rather than attempt treatment 22 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 and risk the spreading of snuffles to other parts of the rabbitry. Following outbreaks any rabbits suffering from sore hocks or any does that repeatedly fail to raise healthy young should be eliminated. Board Floors for the Prevention of Lung Worm Board floors were first constructed in twenty pens at the Experimental Fur Farm in November, 1928. By that time, tests of the foxes showed that lung-worm infection was increasing and if left unchecked would likely become a serious problem. Periodical tests for the presence of parasites are carried out regularly as routine work at the farm. Preliminary tests of the first pups born from infected parents kept on board floors were so conclusive that twenty- four additional double pens were remodelled and board-floored in November, 1929. Of the fifty fox pens at the farm, all are now board-floored with the exception of three concrete and three gravel pens, which are kept especially for experimental work with parasites. Construction. — First experiences show that the floor should be built with a decided slope and with the lumber laid lengthways with the slope. Boards should be straight-edged and laid close together. In time, the warping and shrinkage will leave a slight crack between the boards. Rapid and perfect drainage is thus provided. The floor should have a 6-inch drop in each 20 feet and should be so constructed as to leave plenty of space, at least 13^ to 2 feet, between it and the ground. This allow^s space for a good circulation of air under the floor and assists in the rapid drying out of the floor after a heavy rain. Most parasitic eggs require a certain amount of moisture for their development. It is the lack of moisture on properly constructed board floors that stops the lung-worm eggs from developing. Four of the pens were floored in 1928 with lumber resting on 2- by 4-inch scantlings laid on the gravel bottoms of old pens. These pens were later found to be useless in the prevention of lung worm. Pups born here were found to be just as badly infested as those from infected parents born on dirt or gravel pens. Apparently the floor was too close to the ground and the moisture kept the floors in a state of dampness sufficient for parasitic development. Such floors do not dry out as rapidly after rains as is necessary. Pups. — In 1929, a total of 53 pups were born to known infected foxes that had been placed in board-floored pens in November, 1928. These pups were raised to maturity on boards and showed consistently negative tests for lung-worm eggs throughout the entire year. Some of these pups were pelted that December and contained no lung worms. An exception is noted of twelve additional fox pups that were born from infected parents kept in the renovated pens where the floors were laid too close to the ground as mentioned above. Thirty-nine pups were born to infected parents kept on board floors in 1930. They were also negative in every case for lung-worm eggs. These pups also showed a marked decrease in hook-worm infestation. Very few pups showed any hook-worm eggs throughout the entire four tests performed during the year. A number of these pups were pelted in December and autopsies revealed very few cases of hook worms and no lung worms, but round worms were still present in the pups that had not been wormed. Board floors do not appear to be of any appreciable value in preventing round worms. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT, 1930 23 Tests of Adult Foxes on Board Floors 1928 1929 1930 Pelted Tattoo No. Nov. May July Sept. Nov. May July Sept. Nov. P.M. ZF 2 C + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 0 + 0 + + + 0 0 0 0 BRT 2 C + SL4 B + PC 56 C + 0 0 0 10 D SL 0 B 32 + B 26 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 B 21 0 VA 2 0 JP3 B 0 Adults. — The above table illustrates the lung-worm tests of ten adult foxes placed on board floors in November, 1928. While only ten foxes are shown, the results are the same for the 32 foxes. Eight of the foxes were finally pelted and a post-mortem examination confirmed the tests and is also recorded in the last column. Positive test is denoted by "-f" and negative for lung- worm eggs by "0." Known infected adults were placed in board-floored pens in November, 1928. All of the 32 still tested positive in the spring of 1929. Tests during 1929 show that some few adults gradually became free of lung worms by November, but the majority were not clean until the spring of 1930. Two foxes still tested positive with a light infection in May, but were both clean by July of 1930. All the adult foxes still on the ranch that had been placed in properly constructed board-floored pens were clean by test in July. 1930. This applies only to the foxes continually kept on boards, as one or two foxes when testing clean were placed back in gravel pens and were reinfested within three months. Board floors stop reinfestation but the parasites then in the fox remain alive for some time. All the foxes were clean after a twenty months' continuous period on board floors. Hook-worm infestation is also at a minimum by this method of pen flooring. Examination of the carcasses of numerous foxes pelted this fall show a remarkably light hook-worm infection and no lung worm in foxes kept on board floors. Concrete Floors. — Three pens were floored with concrete as an experiment to ascertain its efficiency in parasitic prevention. Pups born in these pens in 1929 were negative for lung worm. In the fall of 1929, a shade roof was con- structed over the pens as they were thought to be rather hot for the foxes. In 1930, a total of 11 pups were born to infected foxes in these pens but all were found to be heavily infested with lung worm. Round and hook worms were also present in considerable numbers, which necessitated repeated pilling of the pups. Except for a few cases of round worms, none of the pups raised on board floors has been pilled since the floors were first constructed. Apparently the shade roof prevented the concrete from drying off as rapidly as was necessary. Enough moisture was left in the tiny crevices to give the required degree of dampness necessary for egg development. Perhaps if the concrete had been finished smoothly this would not have been the case. Conclusion. — Board floors of proper construction will prevent lung-worm infestation in pups born from infected parents. Adults will in time clean up, 24 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 but it takes about two years. Hook-worm infection is lessened, but round worms are not affected. Concrete floors are of questionable value. Injurious Parasites Autopsy findings invariably reveal one or more parasites in ranch-bred animals and also in those brought directly from the wilds. Some of these worms have little significance in adversely affecting the health of the host. Others are highly injurious and result in losses. Armed Lung Worm of Fox This dangerous worm (Crenosoma decoratum) was found for the first time in Ontario in two red foxes forwarded to the farm directly from the trap lines. They were in poor condition and did not eat well, and a purulent discharge from the eyes and nostrils was observed. On autopsy, lung worms were found in the trachea (wind-pipe) and deeper lung tissue. An area of inflammation with exudates of pus surrounded each individual worm. It is easily recognized, being shorter and much heavier than the common lung worm. The armed lung worm does not lay eggs, in the manner of the common lung worm, but deposits living larvae in the intestines of the fox. These pass to the ground, develop, and ultimately reinfect him. The symptoms may be confused with some of the infectious diseases, and the fox should be isolated until a diagnosis is made. The use of wire floors raised some two feet off' the ground is advocated for treatment. This will allow the larvae-infested droppings to pass to the ground and at the same time prevent the fox from coming in contact with them. Single boards placed around the inside wall of the pen will allow the fox considerable scope for exercise and he will quickly learn to make use of them. Laboratory Diagnosis.- — The sugar or salt flotation test for the detection of worm eggs is not satisfactory for larvae. The best results are obtained with the Baermann isolation apparatus. If it is not available, the larvae can be recovered by sedimentation. The feces are mixed with several times their volume in water and strained through a fine screen to eliminate the coarser elements, the sediment being allowed to settle. A small amount of the latter is taken up with a pipette and examined under the low-power microscope. Kidney Worm This worm {Dioctopliyme renalis) has been found to be prevalent among wild mink in the vicinity of the Experimental Fur Farm. It has also been found in ranch-bred mink. Frequently a number of animals in the same ranch will be affected. During the trapping season, trappers have been good enough to send many carcasses to the farm. This has been of great help in studying parasitic conditions among wild animals. The kidney worm must be considered as a very injurious one, and of much economic importance to the fur trade. It is easily recognized, being one of the largest of the round worms, ranging from 4 to 18 inches in length in the mink. It is blood-red in colour. The favourite location is the centre of the kidney, though we have found it, in mink, in the thoracic and abdominal cavity. Given time the worm completely digests the kidney tissue, which becomes a mere shell or capsule to house the worm. The worm is usually associated with a bony deposit. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT, 1930 25 The worm can sometimes be detected in the living mink; the enlarged capsule can be felt as an enormously enlarged kidney. Pen-raised mink infested with the worm may show a tendency to drag the hindquarters, and may become paralyzed. Fits, emaciation, and loss of appetite are also noticeable. The egg laid by the worm is ovoid in shape and dark-brown in colour and has a well- defined capsule. It can be recovered in the urine and occasionally in the feces through contamination. Treatment for the elimination of the worm is not possible, owing to the location in the kidney. Prevention is, however, practicable and easily accom- plished. Prevention. — From evidence gathered this year, mink ranchers are advised to cook fish taken from sluggish waters for at least ten minutes in boiling water. The catfish appears to be a large factor in spreading the disease. The immature or larval form of the worm lives in freshwater fish at some stage of its existence and develops to maturity when swallowed by the mink. Of the many fish inhabiting sluggish streams we can only discriminate against the catfish species at the present time, though further studies may reveal that others carry the larv^al form of the kidney worm. Tapeworms The tapeworms {Di phyllohrothrium latum and Diphyllohrothriiim cordatum) have not been considered a serious problem in foxes and have seldom been found in foxes sent to the Fur Farm for post-mortem. This year, however, they were found in forty-five examinations. Two species have been identified, D. latum and D. cordatum. The life cycle of D. latum has been fully worked out, and D. cordatum is in every likelihood similar. In the fox they were from 2 to 14 inches in length according to the stage of development reached, and were found inhabiting the lower portion of the intestines. With minor differences, they are typical tapeworms, being flat and distinctly segmented. It has been definitely established that the infection is acquired through eating fish, the final larval stage having been found in pike, lake herring, perch, and many others. If fish are eaten in the raw state, the young worms locate in the intestinal tract of the fox and reach maturity in from five to six weeks. It is altogether likely that in certain areas the fish are much more heavily infested than in others. If post-mortems are done on pelting foxes and they are found to be infested with these tapeworms it would be advisable to cook the fish in boiling water for ten minutes. Treatment. — Arecoline hydrobromide given by the mouth was found to remove tapeworms in foxes. However, it should be kept clearly in mind that this is a dangerous drug, if not used with proper precautions. It should not be given to foxes suffering with heavy lung-worm infestation as it has a tendency to affect respiration. Normal foxes can tolerate a dose of 1/4 grain, but not more than 1/8 grain is recommended if lung worm is at all prevalent. After treatment, the fox should be placed in a clean crate and the feces examined for the expelled tapeworm. This is best accomplished by stirring the feces in several times their volume of water. The tapeworms will be noticed in the disintegrated fecal matter. Physaloptera Sp. Worms belonging to this genus are frequently found in raccoon, and from external appearances are very similar to the ordinary round worm. They 26 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 chiefly occur in the stomach, where they attach themselves to the lining in large numbers. These worms are blood suckers. The lips are provided with "teeth" and produce a considerable irritation of the stomach wall. If raccoon remain thin in spite of good feeding, the presence of parasites may be suspected. At the Fur Farm adult raccoons have been given 8 m.m. and kittens 3 m.m. of tetrachlorethylene without toxic results. CROWN GAME PRESERVES In the following list will be found the title, location, and area of the existing Crown Game Preserves in Ontario, as at December 31st, 1930: Crown Game Preserve Location Acreage Abbey Dawn Anderdon township Bobcaygeon Boyd Caverly Chapleau Chippewa Cobourg Conroy marsh Darlington Dumfries Dundas marsh Eden Eugenia Falcon Glendale Glen Elm Gloucester Goulais River-Ranger lake . Hiawatha Hope Hughes Huron Innisfree Iroquois Loch Garry Mallard lake Masonville Meadowvale Miner Mississauga-White river. . Nipissing Nopiming Nottawasaga Peasemarsh Peel Proton Puslinch ■ Richmond Rockcliffe Park Shirley bay Silver lake Southwold Sudbury Superior Township 82 Toronto township Wilder lake Woodlands York Frontenac county Essex county Victoria and Peterborough counties. York county Elgin county Algoma and Sudbury districts Thunder Bay district Northumberland county Renfrew county Durham county Waterloo and Brant counties Wentworth county Wellington county Grey county Kenora district Wentworth county Halton county Carleton county Algoma district Algoma district Durham county Bruce county Huron county Simcoe county Manitoulin district Glengarry county Grey county Middlesex county Peel county Essex county Algoma Nipissing district Renfrew and Carklon counties Simcoe county Grey county Peel county Grey county Wellington county Parry Sound district Carleton county Carleton county Norfolk county Elgin county Sudbury district Thunder Bay district Sudbury district Peel county Grey county Halton county York county Total . 300 1,200 1,700 300 25 1,824,000 2,728 200 3,300 298 25,000 2,750 1,470 5,200 15,000 450 325 200 345,600 160 1,920 400 1,000 400 150 6,400 100 6,500 300 1,280 358,400 155,500 1,540 1,200 300 2,400 6,240 704 56 500 2,700 3,100 200 15,500 575,000 5,760 3,000 4,000 460 115,000 3,500,216 1931 ANNUAL REPORT, 1930 27 During the year the following were established: Goulais River-Ranger Lake, Mississauga-White River, Woodlands, and Cobourg. The first two are extensive areas set aside in the district of Algoma for the natural protection of game, birds, and fur-bearing animals, and will be organized along the lines of the Chapleau Game Preserve. It is anticipated that the results to be achieved from this action will, in the future, as in the case of the Chapleau Game Preserve, justify the creation of these two additional Crown Game Preserves. In addition the townships of Medora and Wood, in the district of Muskoka, were closed during the year to hunting and trapping for a period of four years, continuing and extending a regulation of the previous year, which had closed these two townships for a one-year period. Similar restrictions covering a one-year period were ordered for the town- ship of Cardwell, adjoining Medora and Wood, in accordance with a request from the municipal authorities. During the year, the Order-in-Council which established the Marmora Crown Game Preserve, in the county of Hastings, was rescinded at the request of the landowners involved, and this Crown Game Preserve ceased to exist. In this connection all our reports are to the effect that not only sportsmen, but the general public as well, are realizing more and more the increasing value of these sanctuaries as places of refuge for our wild life, and the extent of the benefits to be derived by the surrounding country from the establishment of these Game Preserves. In cases where privately owned lands are involved, one can only be impressed with the splendid spirit of co-operation which is e ;emplified by the landowners concerned. WOLF BOUNTIES During 1930, the Department received applications for the payment of bounty on 2,551 wolves, which marked a considerable decrease compared with the total of the previous year, notwithstanding the provision which became effective during the year for the payment of an increased bounty where certain conditions as to the localities where the animals were taken could be complied with. As usual the large majority of the applications covered pelts from animals which had been taken in the extreme northwestern section of the Province. Comparative Statement of Wolf Skins Received and Bounties Paid Timber Brush Pups Total Bounties For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1926. For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1927 . For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1928. For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1929. For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1930. 1,022 1,041 1,231 1,165 1,070 2,690 4,414 4,878 2,389 1,458 107 59 64 34 23 3,819 5,514 6,173 3,588 2,551 $51,994.42 82,970.07 91,297.27 53,495.13 38,074.77 ENFORCEMENT OF THE ACT The enforcement of the provisions and regulations of the Ontario Game and Fisheries Act was performed in a very satisfactory manner by the field oflftcers charged with the work. The service rendered by the District Superintendents and the Overseers under their respective jurisdictions was satisfactorily augmented during the spring and fall spawning and deer-hunting seasons by 28 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 numerous seasonal overseers appointed for duty during these periods for the better protection of fish and game and enforcement of the Act. In this connection we would like to take advantage of this opportunity to make favourable mention of the services rendered by the 358 parties who received appointments throughout the year as Deputy Game and Fisheries Wardens. These Deputy Wardens, many of whom are members of the Fish and Game Protective Associations of the Province, and all of whom are very much interested in the work of conservation and enforcement, as is evidenced by their willing- ness to act, accept the appointment without remuneration, and perform their services in an unselfish manner, rendering a degree of assistance and co-operation which it would be difficult to replace, and which is, as a result, very much, appreciated. In 1,253 cases in which parties were charged with violations of fish and game regulations, convictions were secured, and fines and costs assessed, as S2t forth in the statement of revenue given in a previous section of this report. In 1,635 cases, seizures of goods and equipment were made. A summary of the articles is as follows: Pelts 4,019 Traps 1,885 Deer and mocse hides 31 Fire-arms 552 Live animals 29 Gasoline boats 12 Fish lbs. 4,063 Row boats 18 Fish no. 1,277 Canoes 12 Gill nets pieces 186 Punts 15 Gill nets yds. 11,473 Tugs 2 Dip nets 35 Motor cars 7 Hoop nets 25 Jack-lights and lanterns 40 Seine nets 30 Deer and moose 24 Pound nets 11 X'enison lbs. 1,229 Trap nets 10 Moosemeat " 864 Bull nets 20 Partridges 102 Bag nets 1 Geese and ducks 127 Hooks 1 ,561 Pheasants 23 Spears 87 Decoys 1 24 Rods and lines 97 Ammunition (rounds) 797 Creels 17 Miscellaneous 34 Fishing-tackle boxes 11 In accordance with the usual practice, confiscated articles, except in those cases in which they were sold to the former owners, were disposed of by tender at sales which were given publicity and advertised in the press. Notice of these sales was also given through our district offices. The amount derived from these sales is shown in the statement of revenue included in this report. REPORT OF THE FISH CULTURE BRANCH The Biological and Fish Culture Branch, of the Department of Game and Fisheries for Ontario, was created officially in 1928, one of its functions being to effect the application of scientific findings, both Canadian and foreign, whenever possible and practicable, to fish culture and the fisheries of Ontario. In recent years a vast amount of literature has accumulated on the subject, and that part which is the result of scientific enquiry is used to the best advantage. In other words, the general trend of the activities of the Branch is to conform to ideas substantiated by scientific facts. Although there remains always that realm of deep-seated obscurity, difficult of penetration, nevertheless, as a result of patient and accurate experimentation in field and laboratory studies, our knowledge broadens. Biological findings cannot be forced and years may pass before we see concrete evidences of A 1931 ANNUAL REPORT, 1930 29 progress in certain phases of fisheries' investigations, since we are deaHng with elusive creatures, in a medium different from our own and outside anything but our most indirect control. Furthermore, although the structure representing the work accomplished is never completed, we are constantly working up to an ideal, and the scientific attitude is reflected in the results achieved. A perusal of the following report and previous reports will show that satis- factory and unmistakable progress has been made in the investigational and practical sides of fish culture. The Staff The Branch has openings for a limited amount of service of an investigational nature during the months of June, July, August and September, the permanent staff being responsible for the development and encouragement of research in fisheries throughout the year, either by the work of its own members or by referring research problems to other interested bodies, such as the Ontario Fisheries' Research Laboratory of the Department of Biology, L^niversity of Toronto, since the fisheries' research work of the latter is chiefly confined within the geographical boundaries of the Province of Ontario. Every year a limited number of qualified men is available from the biological departments of the University of Toronto, Queen's University, Kingston, and the University of Western Ontario, London. In connection with seasonal appointments the attitude of the Branch is that only those who have the necessary qualifications for fishery investigations of a technical kind are fitted to undertake studies relating to the suitability of streams for fish-planting operations; the natural productivity of waters; the efi^ect of natural and artificial barriers; the success or failure of former plantings and, if possible, the reasons therefor; technical studies regarding the culture of the difi'erent species of fish handled, for example, food, water supply, disease, etc.; and others too numerous to mention. "Necessary qualifications" may be taken to mean postgraduate studies of fishery topics and practical field experience in connection with scientific investigations; in other words, the correlation of experimental laboratory and field work. Investigators who have served one year or more with the Branch are encouraged to continue their field investigations and during an interim to pursue such fishery courses and problems as will enable them to fulfil their duties from year to year with an enlarged vision and knowledge of the subject and its literature. The personnel of the seasonal field staff for 1929-30 was as follows: Gordon A. Adams, M.A., Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London. Hugh D. Branion, M.A., Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto. William R. Cameron, third year Biological and Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto. I. L. ChaikofT, M.A., Ph.D., M.D., Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Toronto. W. \\ . Cook, B.A., Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston. John D. Detwiler, M.A., Ph.D., Head of the Department of Applied Biology, University of Western Ontario, London. William L. Dibbon, B.A., Department of Biology, University of Toronto. Howard J. Dignan, F^.A., Ontario College of Education, Toronto (graduate in Biology, University of Toronto, '29). Edgerton O. Ebersole, B.A., Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston. A. C. Green, B.A. (Biological and Medical Sciences), University of Toronto. Robert D. \\. Heard, ALA., Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto. A. H. Louden, ALA. (Biology and Chemistry), Queen's University, Kingston. P. L. MacLachlan, B.A. (Biology and Chemistry), Queen's University, Kingston. H. S. Pearce, third year Honour Biology, University of Toronto. H. J. Perkin, third year Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Toronto. 30 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 John Savage, third year Honour Biology, University of Toronto. P. W. Smith, M.S. (Wis.), Department of Botany, University of Toronto. George C. Toner, fourth j'ear Biology, Queen's University, Kingston. Five of the above are undergraduates, but it should be noted that four of these had one or two years' field experience in connection with fisheries' investi- gations. During the year, the following qualified assistants entered the services of the Branch on a full-time basis, namely, Miss Margaret Wilton, B.A., '22, Queen's University, Kingston, as technical laboratory assistant; Mr. W. H. R. Werner, M.A. (Biology), '29, University of Western Ontario, London, as Assistant Biologist; and Mr. John Gall as Assistant Supervisor of Hatcheries. Biological Surveys Stream and lake surveys were organized, as in the previous year, according to districts supervised by District Superintendents, and the number of waters investigated in the Province from the standpoint of their present suitability for fish-planting operations, which depends on their physical, chemical and biological characteristics, and possible productivity from a game-fish or fishery standpoint was two hundred and thirtv-seven. Algoma 48 Brant Bruce Carleton Dufferin Durham Elgin Essex Frontenac Glengarry Grenville Grey Haldimand Haliburton Halton Hastings Huron Kenora 8 35 1 7 26 11 1 46 1 1 n 2 95 17 27 6 16 Biological Surveys of Waters Kent 2 Lambton 2 Lanark 12 Leeds 12 Lennox and Addington 9 Lincoln 4 Manitoulin 3 Middlesex 11 Muskoka 66 Nipissing 26 Norfolk 17 Northumberland. ... 31 Ontario 11 Oxford 15 Parry Sound 57 Peel 10 Perth 4 Peterborough 36 Prince Edward .... Rainy River Renfrew Simcoe Stormont Sudbury Timiskaming Thames watershed. Thunder Bay V'ictoria Waterloo Welland Wellington Wentworth York 2 9 29 73 1 36 42 472 41 11 20 3 9 6 Total 1.470 The following comparative statement of waters studied indicates the progress that has taken place since the inception of a biological component in the organization of the Department: Year Number of waters studied Number of investigators 1925 21 58 233 707* 214 237 1 1926... 1927... 1928... 1929... 1930... 2 5 9 18 18 Total 1,470 *See report for 1928. It should be remembered that the above figures do not include special studies on certain phases of fisheries' problems. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT, 1930 31 With the exception of the Thames and Grand River systems, biological surveys have been confined to individual lakes or streams and to counties and townships. When this preliminary pioneer work is completed, more compre- hensive watershed surveys will be in order. FiSHWAYS During the past two seasons, fifty-nine investigations were made of dams and other barriers across water-courses to determine the extent to which they might obstruct or prevent the free movements of fish and particularly their migration during the spawning seasons. Recommendations were based en the principles set forth on pages 18 and 19 of the Annual Report and in the section on "Fishways" on pages 51 to 53 in the "Report of a Special Committee on the Game-Fish Situation, 1928-30." It was pointed out in the Annual Report for 1929 that fishways are not always practicable, their practicability depending on the height of the dam or falls, conditions in lower and upper reaches respecting the same, and the species of fish affected. In order to determine by comparisons whether the construction of the standard fishway, shown on the insert facing page 32, might be improved upon or revised, illustrations and plans of fishways in use in the United States and Canada and information on their success or failure have been collected and are being carefully studied. Uniform Regulations on the Great Lakes Although there may appear to be no definite outcome of the third conference on uniform regulations on the Great Lakes, which convened at Lansing, Mich., December 5th, 1928, it was understood that each of the states concerned is making studies of various aspects of the problem similar to those being carried on by the Province of Ontario pertaining to the species of fish requiring protection by size limits, closed season or closed areas, and mesh of net. Biological studies of each phase of the question require considerable time, and when sufficient data have been collected and the results noted, another general conference may be warranted. On Friday, December 20th, 1929, a conference between State of Michigan and Province of Ontario ofificials was held in Room D, East Block, Parliament Buildings, Toronto, with reference to Lake Huron fisheries. The following were present: Wm. H. Loutitt, Chairman, Department of Conservation, Grand Haven, Mich. Geo. R. Hogarth, Director, Department of Conservation, Lansing, Mich. F. A. W'esterman, Fish Division, Department of Conservation, Lansing, Mich. Chas. J. Allen, Fish Supervisor, Commercial Fishing, Department of Conservation, Chebo^-gan, Mich. Dr. John Van Oosten, in charge Great Lakes Investigation, U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, Ann Arbor, Mich. VVm. J. Lambert, Secretary, Commercial Fishermen's Association, Bay City, Mich. J. A. Rodd, Director of Fish Culture, Department of Marine and Fisheries, Ottawa. D. McDonald, Deputy Minister, Game and Fisheries, Ontario. J. Farrington, Assistant to Deputy Minister, Game and Fisheries, Ontario. H. H. MacKay, Director of Fish Culture and Biologist, Ontario. A. W. McLeod, Supervisor of Hatcheries, Ontario. J. T. Simpson, representing Lake Huron and Georgian Bay F"ishermen's Association. The conference dealt chiefly with size limits of fish and mesh of nets, in order to find a basis of uniformity for the State of Michigan and the Province of Ontario on Lake Huron. The proposals continue to be subject to enquiry. 32 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 Pollution During the year studies were carried out on suspected polluted stream or lake areas at the following centres: Sarnia, Chatham, Bridgeport, Burlington bay, Bridgeburg, Lindsay, Peterborough, Midland, Huntsville, Sturgeon Falls, Timiskaming, Haileybury, Timmins, Iroquois Falls, Smooth Rock Falls, Kapuskasing, Sault Ste. Marie, and Kenora. In these studies standardized field methods were used for the purpose of satisfactory comparisons. The studies included determinations in lineal series above and below the source of suspected pollution, as follows: Water analyses,^ for dissolved oxygen (Nessler's method); dissolved carbon dioxide; alkalinity; total acidity; pH (Standard Colorimetric Method); plankton, qualitatively and quantitatively, using the Juday plankton net; bottom fauna, using the Ekmann dredge; character of the aquatic plants, emergent and submerged types; the fish present in the various zones chosen for study, obtained by use of suitable gill nets, seines, or dip nets. The conclusions from the investigations may be briefly summed up as follows : 1. Water samples taken from four waters suspected of being polluted showed severe oxygen reduction, six showed slight oxygen reduction, and seven showed no oxygen reduction. 2. In one case the pH showed an extreme lowering to the acid side of neutrality. 3. Pollution planktonts such as certain infusoria, namely, Paramoecium, Colpidium, Carchesium, and Vorticella, and the amoeboid protozoan Difflugia, and the flagellate Euglena viridis, were not present excepting in one instance, at Iroquois Falls, where Vorticella occurs frequently in pulp and bark polluted waters The amoeboid protozoan, Arcella vulgaris, was also found frequently in this instance. The latter is usually found on bottom sediments or ad- hering to decomposing plants.^ Plankton studies in the waters of the Winnipeg river by Mr. R. A. McKenzie, formerly Field Investigator for the Department of Game and Fisheries, appear to show some relationship between plankton and the amount of waste matter, qualitatively and quantitatively. The same condition appears to hold for the waters examined at Iroquois Falls. The rotifer Anuraea considered by Purdy^ to be a clean water organism was found in every case where the plankton was examined. 4. The presence or absence of bottom organisms appears to be the best general index of pollution or contamination. Chironomus plumosus and Ascellus sp., forms tolerant to a reduced oxygen supply, occurred in three instances. 5. Vegetation was definitely discoloured or killed in eight instances. 6. Fish were killed in two instances, namely, carp at Bridgeburg and suckers, bass, and catfish at Bridgeport. 7. Where definite steps had not been taken by industrial plants to remedy existing pollution, practical recommendations were suggested. It would appear that one solution for controlling wastes of organic, chemical, or mechanical types is the economical utilization of the wastes by the industries concerned. lA Kem merer water bottle was used for collecting water samples below surface depths. 2W. C. Purdy, "A Study of the Pollution and Natural Purification of the Ohio River — 1. The Plankton and Related Organisms," Washington Government Printing Office, 1923; and "Investigation of the Pollution and Sanitary Conditions of the Potomac Watershed — Plankton Studies," by W. C. Purdy, Hygienic Laboratory, Bulletin No. 104. 30p. cit. to be covered wit/) Z R^ i mesh poultry netting. \ \ SEC" head, which may be mulliplied ' any desired height. Each pool is 1 [oot 1^ inches higher than chc one below, 5 feet 6 inches wide, & (cet 6 inches pools should he about < ; toward the upper The fishway including bulkheads should be built out of J-inch timber and framed on 4- by 4-inch cross-beams and 2- by 4-inch cleats, witli 6- by 6'inch posts, centres S feet 6 inches, braced ever, that the lower end of the iishway be t placed thai the entrance to the stream shall 1 at a point where the fiah tn asccndinK the strea: 1931 ANNUAL REPORT, 1930 33 Provision for screening out fibrous materials, or filtering harmful substances, or ponding in case of effluents containing harmful substances for the purpose of precipitating them or aerating the efifluents, is recommended in each case where necessary. It should be remembered, however, that the actual structure of such devices or research along these lines is the work of mechanical engineers as well as biologists. Under the direction and supervision of the Director of the Branch, the majority of the field examinations were made by Mr. H. J. Dignan, B.A., Instructor, Port Hope High School; and Mr. P. \V. Smith, M.S. formerly of the Department of Botany, University of Toronto. Removal of Coarse Fish Numerous applications are received annually to remove coarse fish from public waters, presumably with the idea of bringing about a more natural balance between game fish and non-game fish, thus lessening food competition to the advantage of the former. The attitude of the Fish Culture Branch towards this subject is, in general, the same as that outlined in the preceding report of the Department. The views of the Special Committee on the Game-Fish Situation, 1928-30, coincide with the conceptions of the Department in this respect. For a number of years the Department has authorized the removal of pike (Esox lucius Linnaeus) from the Nipigon river for the purpose of giving the native speckled trout, for which the river is famous, a better chance to survive. Although the species in question may be protected in certain localities, its removal from trout waters is amply justified. Gar pike {Lepidosteus osseus Linnaeus) and dogfish (Amia calva Linnaeus) are of little value as food and are known to eat the more useful kinds. These are subject to removal from game-fish waters. The removal of the carp and ling from game-fish waters, and their control in all waters, is our objective. At the present time the carp has a definite commercial rating. In any waters to which it has access it rapidly multiplies, particularly on account of its excessive fecundity and rapid rate of growth. It competes with bass and other game-fish varieties which subsist on insects to some extent. It is not of any great importance as a forage fish, excepting in the fingerling stage, on account of its rapid rate of growth. It has a habit of roiling the water in areas where it dwells, and for this reason it is an unfavourable species in waters frequented by clear-water-loving kinds, such as bass. For these reasons, it is highly undesir- able. The spread of carp in inland waters and in the inshore waters of the Great Lakes is a prelude to the use of implements of capture such as seines, which wrought havoc to game-fish ; and means of preventing the introduction or increase of carp in game-fish areas for this and other reasons cited, are adopted. The ling (Lota maculosa Le Sueur) is the only member of the cod family found in fresh water. It is widely distributed throughout the Great Lakes and in the larger lakes of Canada and of the northern states of the United States. Its average weight is somewhere in the neighbourhood of from two to five pounds, but specimens weighing ten pounds are not uncommon. It may be caught with the usual implements of capture used for whitefish, herring, and lake trout, such as gill nets, hooks, and pound nets. It very often does considerable damage to fishermen's gill nets. 34 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 The food of mature ling consists of pike, perch, pike-perch, and ciscoes. It is claimed that they follow whitefish to their spawning grounds and destroy their spawn, but this has not been proved to the extent of the damage usually ascribed to them in this respect. The possibility of establishing a market for ling has been before the Depart- ment for some time. As a result of careful experimentation, it has been found to be a palatable fish; and if a market could be secured after a thorough educa- tional campaign pointing out its value and suitability as food, this would doubtless be the best way of ridding our lakes of excessive numbers of this species, to the advantage of the lake trout, with which it competes directly, and of more desirable species, such as pike, pike-perch, perch, herring, and whitefish, upon which it preys. During the past few years, Mr. Hugh D. Branion, M.A., of the Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, and others have been making a thorough Courtesy of Royal Ontario Museum of /oology. Ling or burbot {Lota Maculosa Le Sueur). study of the possibilities of ling (burbot) as food, fertilizer, and a source of liver oil; and during the summer of 1930, Mr. Branion's services were secured by the Department to make a study of the possibilities of placing ling on the market as a wholesome and desirable food. The following is a section of Mr. Branion's report submitted to the Department, which may be published in popular form later: There are three possible ways in which burbot may be utilized, first as food, secondly as fish meal or as fertilizer, and thirdly there is the possibility of using its liver and liver oil. From an economic viewpoint the utilization of burbot as edible food is the most important. The qualities of this fish as food have been in dispute for years. Until recently the concensus of opinion in America has been against it. There is no doubt that popular prejudice has been built up against burbot because of its repulsive appearance. The fact remains, however, that the European burbot is considered a "delicately flavoured fish" with an excellent market. The liver and roe have always been considered delicacies. In the United States, through a campaign conducted by the Bureau of Fisheries, a market has been established. During the Great War burbot was to be found on the Canadian markets, but as soon as the scarcity of meat was alleviated no further attempt to cpntinue the market was made. / In 1928 cooking experiments were conducted in the Department of Household Science of the University of Toronto by Miss Margaret Templin under the direction of Dr. A. Willard and the writer. Miss Templin reported that fried burbot was "quite palatable, tender, juicy, and had a delicate flavour." Fish loaf made from boiled burbot was "just as edible as that made from 1931 ANNUAL REPORT. 1930 35 cod." She also made fish cakes from burbot and reported that they had "a fresh, delicate flavour and were as good as, or superior to those made from cod." However, in view of its repulsive appearance she considered that burbot in its "natural" state could not be commercialized success- fully, but "if it were filleted and sold under a trade name there is no reason why, through its fine flavour and te.xture, it should not become very popular." Burbot was also sent to various homes in the city where several methods of cooking were used by the housewives, including baking, frying, broiling, and steaming. In some cases the fish were filleted and made into special dishes. AH reported that the fish was very tasty^ There is also the possibility of creating a market for burbot livers. They are of large size, being about 10 per cent, of the round weight of the fish. Excellent recipes for the canning and cooking of burbot livers served as soups, toasts, liver loaf, and as fillings for tomatoes and so on, have been prepared by Dr. A. Marlatt of the Home Economics Department of the University of Wisconsin. Investigations into the effect of burbot livers in dietaries, with particular regard to pernicious anaemia, are being carried on in the Toronto General Hospital. Miss Templin has shown that burbot roe is a delicacy. To quote her words, "and this when placed on hot buttered toast and seasoned, seemed as attractive as any roe. Thus the roe of the burbot which occurs in great abundance, might be used to as great an extent as any other.'J*< This brought to an end what might be termed the experimental stage in the utilization of burbot. This summer . . . the Fish Culture Branch, of the Department of Game and Fisheries, made possible the next step — the utilization of burbot on a commercial basis. Realizing the importance of this problem and the necessity for government assistance in its continuation . . . made it possible for the writer to make a survey of the available supply of burbot in the Great Lakes and to look into those local markets where burbot was sold, in an attempt to decide which method of handling is most feasible. At the same time the co-operation of the Great Lakes' fishermen in creating a market was obtained. / Burbot, cleaned and skinned, were supplied to various hotels and restaurants in Toronto. Their chefs were asked to cook these fish and to forward their opinions to the Department. The following quotation from one of these expressions of opinion will serve as an example of their conclusions, "The burbot which you sent me were excellent and compare very favourably with any fish which I have obtained from the wholesalers^^^ It is obviously possible, therefore, to put burbot on the market as edible food. To avoid tire disadvantage of its repulsive appearance it will be necessary to skin the fish, but this can be done easily and rapidly. A pamphlet containing a short account of the history of burbot and recipes for the serving of burbot as food is now being prepared. Plans for its marketing . . . are being considered. /Other than the backbone, burbot is boneless and excellent fillets can be made from it. It can be salted as ocean cod is salted and is equally good. Burbot can also be pickled or preserved as "strip fish" and in some instances has been smoked successfuUy./Frozen fillets made by rapid brine freezing as de\"eloped by the Biological Board of Canada would be a means of preser\ing any, surplus. X Fish meal was made from burbot by Mr. W. Stewart of the Atlantic Fisheries' Experimental Station and on chemical analysis compared favourably with commercial fish meal. It seems safe to predict a movement for the manufacture of by-products, such as fish meal, in the Great Lakes' fishing industry. This would be one method for disposal of burbot./^ Since the burbot is a relative of the cod, it was considered that the liver oil might ser\e medicinally as cod liver oil. The therapeutic effect of cod liver oil lies in its content of two fat- soluble vitamins, A and D, which are necessary for normal growth, for the formation of good teeth and bones and to aid the body to resist infection. ^The writer extracted oil from burbot livers by the direct steam method, which is now generally used in the manufacture of medicinal cod liver oil. The yield, colour, and taste of the oil compares very favourably with cod liver oil. The vitamin A potency of the oil. tested biologically, is about 500 units per gram or better, and compares excellently with medicinal cod liver oil obtained in the open market. The vitamin D potency of burbot liver oil was also shown to be as good as, if not better than medicinal cod liver oil. Dr. Marlatt, at about the same time, working at Wisconsin, reported that, "burbot liver oil may be classed with cod liver oil as an excellent source of the antirachitic vitamin". .^. The prospect for future marketing of burbot looks bright and without doubt this fish can be turned into a source of profit to the fishermen. Its edible qualities can no longer be disputed, and as an added source of profit the liver oil might be manufactured while the liver itself may find a profitable market. The Cinderella of the Fish World, disguised because of its homely appearance, should take its proper place among the recognized profitable commercial fish. Annually the Branch receives numerous representations to remove blue-gills, perch, rock bass, calico bass, and catfish, and also rare requests to commence culturing the same by artificial or semi-artificial methods. It is sufficient to say, and this is equally true of all species, that they should not be removed until a very thorough biological study of each situation warrants such a course. A glance at the Fourth Biennial Report. 1927-1928, Conservation Department for the vState of Michigan, and the Twentieth Annual Report, State of New York 36 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 Conservation Department, shows that the culture and distribution of one or all of the above species are being carried on. This indicates with what care and discretion their removal should be exercised and controlled. Fortunately their culture is not required at the present time in Ontario, but in order to avoid such a circumstance their exploitation commercially or otherwise is being prevented. Pound Netting in Lake Erie A second season was spent in studying the pound-net situation in Lake Erie in order to determine the mesh of netting in the crib which v/ould release the largest number of immature fish, which would reduce or entirely eradicate the sorting of fish, that is, the legal from the illegal-sized, and which would prevent gilling of legal-sized fish in the crib or retainer. Seven experimental nets were set, and each of these was controlled on either side by a commercial net in current use, that is, one having a 2-inch mesh through- out the crib. In each case, the experimental nets were the same as the com- mercial nets, with the exception that each of the former had twine of varying mesh set in the backs of the cribs, namely, l^^-inch, 23^-inch, 23/^-inch, 23^-inch, 3-inch, and 334-inch. One crib was made up of mesh similar to that used in the back and sides of the trap nets in the State of Ohio and instituted by law for 1929. This was done merely for comparative purposes and not with the remotest desire or object of recommending such nets for the Canadian portion of Lake Erie. Each day an accurate record was made of the fish retained in the cribs of the seven experimental nets and the eighteen controls as follows: species, weight, size, number, percentage gilled, and total catch. The daily records were arranged diagrammatically so that each record corresponded to the position of a net relative to each of the others. The measurements given above are for new twine. When the twine is tarred and subjected to the action of water it shrinks from 18 to 25 per cent. The true size of the mesh when in use was, however, recorded. Until the results are gone over very carefully, no definite conclusion can be stated, but it would appear that a l^^-'mch mesh in the crib is the most satisfactory from the standpoint of the preservation of immature fish. On the other hand, a minimum number is gilled in the l^^^-inch and 2-inch mesh; but these meshes retain fish of all sizes, and the sorting of fish with its innumerable abuses creeps in. A crib which allows immature fish to escape and thus provides a minimum sorting is looked upon with favour by the Fish Culture Branch. Investigations on the Georgian Bay During the past summer our investigations on the Georgian bay centred around (1) the use of lake trout hooks by commercial fishermen and their detrimental effects, if any; (2) the justification for establishing new lines protecting inshore waters and prohibiting commercial fishing in the areas enclosed by such lines; (3) the effect of the operation of pound nets on the south shore of Georgian bay on game fish and commercial fish, such as lake trout, which are prized by anglers in that section. Without more complete findings it is impossible to state that licensed trout hooks are taking an undue proportion of immature trout. It is also impossible to state at this juncture whether bait fishermen engaged in hook fishing are damaging the food supply of the trout by removing quantities of bait-fish. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT. 1930 37 Investigations in regard to the establishment of new lines protecting inshore waters and prohibiting commercial fishing in the areas enclosed by such lines show (1) that areas already closed should not be interferred with, since the factors which caused their closure are still in operation; (2) that a line on the south shore of the Georgian bay would act as an effective spawning sanctuary for commercial fish, such as lake trout, game fish, or any variety sought after by anglers, and would also provide a spawning sanctuary for pike, maskinonge. and pickerel in the southeastern section of the bay; (3) that an extension of the present closed area on the northeast shore, if extended outwards and in a north- westerly direction to take in the inshore waters of the north shore, would act as an adequate spawning area for whitefish, pickerel, and bass. Fishermen operating in such areas have certain claims which would require a hearing and remedial measures. IXTERXATIONAL COXVEXTIOX OF GaME-FiSH AXD CoXSERVATIOX CoMMISSIOXERS The twenty-fourth annual convention of the International Association of Game-Fish and Conservation Commissioners convened at the Royal \ ork Hotel, Toronto, August 25th and 26th, 1930. Mr. Hoyes Lloyd, of Ottawa, presided over the meeting. Many interesting papers were presented by representatives ot the states of the United States and the provinces of Canada, and constructive suggestions were offered and ideas exchanged regarding many phases of conservational problems, including the rearing and distribution of game birds and the protection, winter feeding, and habitats of game animals. Sixtieth Axxual Meetixg of the Americax Fisheries' Society The sixtieth annual meeting of the American Fisheries' Society convened at the Royal York Hotel, Toronto, August 27th, 28th, and 29th, 1930. Dr. David L. Belding, of Boston, Mass., the president, presided over the meeting with the late Mr. Carlos Avery, secretary and treasurer. An address of welcome was tendered by the Honourable Charles McCrea, Minister of Mines, Game and Fisheries for Ontario. On Wednesday, August 27th at 12.30 p.m. the members of the American Fisheries' Society were guests of the Province of Ontario at a luncheon at the Royal York Hotel and during the afternoon and evening at the Canadian National Exhibition. Numerous papers were presented at the meeting under the following major headings: Fish Culture, Nutrition, Diseases, Research, Pollution, Commercial Fisheries, and Miscellaneous Subjects. In all, forty-eight papers by authorities were listed on the programme, but only thirty-seven were read and discussed, the remainder being read by title on account of the absence of the authors. The meeting was well attended by representatives of the majority of the states of the United States and the provinces of Canada. The following institutions or agencies in Canada more or lessdirectly concerned with the theory and practice of fish culture and fishery problems were represented: the Biological Board of Canada; the Department of Biology. University of Toronto; Depart- ment of Marine and Fisheries for Canada; and the Department of ' No. 1 Norfolk . Speckled trout. Normandale Hatchery No. 2. Gibson's Creek Trout-rearing Norfolk . Rainbow trout, whitefish, herring. Station Norfolk . Speckled trout. Ingersoll Bass-rearing Pond.. Oxford.. Small-mouthed black bass. Kingsville Hatcherv Essex . . . Whitefish, herring. Sarnia Hatchery Lambton Pickerel, whitefish, herring. Southampton Hatchery Bruce. . . Lake trout. W iarton Hatcherv Bruce. . . Lake trout. Collingu'ood Hatchery- Simcoe. . Pickerel, whitefish, herring. P = Provincial. F = Federal. TRANSPORTATION OF FISH Among the problems of the Biological and Fish Culture Branch of the Department of Game and Fisheries for Ontario, the transportation of fish is one of major importance, requiring for successful results, the most careful organization and advance preparations. Fry of commercial fish reared in hatcheries located at strategic points along the shores of the Great Lakes are transported very expeditiously by boat to favourable planting places in these waters. In many instances, where the hatchery is located near a favourite spawning ground of the fish reared, the latter are transported in scows. The scows are so constructed that the fish are con- tinuously supplied with normal lake water and may be liberated at any planting location with the greatest ease. In this Instance also, distribution may cover a very large area. For long distance runs by boat, fry and fingerlings are generally transported in cans having a carrying capacity of ten gallons. The number of fish carried in this way is governed by the size of the fish. Crowding is avoided, so as to prevent too rapid deoxygenation of the water. ^ With the rapid development of game-fish rearing, the use of trucks for distribution has been found most satisfactory and economical. Their use is possible in the southern portion of the Province on account of the development of good roads and highways, and will gradually extend to previously inacce.ssible 50 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 areas as these highways penetrate north and west. Such development mtl es lakes and streams more accessible to fishermen, and as a result they are mere rapidly depleted. The use of the truck in the service of the Fish Culture Branch is a rapid way of meeting the necessity of restocking and acts as t n opposing force to depletion. At the present time the maintenance of a truck transportation system is an important adjunct to two of the major game-fish- rearing establishments of the Province and will be increased with the develop- ment of rearing stations in other districts. Long distance trips, if feasible, are made by trucks. In many instances rail shipments are advantageous. As in the case of trucks, the fish are carried in suitable cans or tanks depending on the size and age of the fish. In the case of rail shipments arrangements are made in advance with the Trucks play an iniporiant part in the distribution of hsh. applicant, a public-spirited citizen or member of a Game and Fish Protective Association, to meet the shipment with a car, truck, or other conveyance, so that the fish may be conveyed to the planting locations as quickly as possible. In every instance, hatchery officials accompany the fish to the planting locations, and it is their responsibility to see that the proper technique is practised in plant- ing, so that the chance of survival will be more assured. When distribution is made to lakes and large streams, provision is made to have a boat available to carry the fish to the planting locations. When adult fish are introduced into suitable inland waters, the fish are transported by pontoons, when larger boats which could carry fish tanks are not available. One of the most novel means of transportation is by aeroplane. During the year the Department took advantage of this method to transport, expedi- tiously and successfully. 25,000 lake trout fingerlings to Dogtooth lake in the district of Kenora. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT. 1 '30 51 Handling of fish prior to transportation requires the utmost care and skill. The surface layer of the body of a fish is very delicate, and touching with dry hands, or causing the slightest abrasion leaves the way open to infection by bacteria or fungus. The greatest care must be exercised in handling fish with dip net, trap, or seine, or whatever type of net is used in coralling the fish for shipment, and in transferring them to the cans or tanks in which they are carried. It is unlikely that the effects of mishandling will be evident at first, but the elimination of such a condition means the removal of at least one factor operating against successful survival. The cans or tanks in common use are constructed of durable galv^anized iron. The ordinary fish cans have a carrying capacity of ten gallons and the tanks of seventy-five gallons. The former are painted green on the outside, numbered and labelled in white with the name of the Provincial Government hatchery. When the fish have to be carried for a considerable distance inland, cans of light aluminium ware may be used and are so constructed that they fit the curve of the back. The water in the cans in which the fish are transported is maintained at a low temperature. In this way, provision is made for more satisfactory aeration or oxygenation. The amount of oxygen which will dissolve in water depends upon temperature and pressure. If we take distilled water and force oxygen into it, we find that the number of cubic centimetres of oxygen taken up by a litre of water measured at normal temperature and pressure, will decrease with an increase in the temperature of the water. It is necessary, therefore, when we place fish in fresh water in cans or tanks at a hatchery, in preparation for transportation, to make provision for maintaining the water at a low temperature, so that satisfactory aeration or oxygenation may be assured. This is done by having the cans and tanks provided with receptacles which fit into the top in which broken pieces of ice may be carried. The bottom of each type of receptacle is perforated, and as the ice melts the ice-water trickles or drops into the water in the can, keeping it at a low and constant temperature. The more constant the temperature the better, since fish are extremely sensitive to sudden changes. In order to maintain an even temperature, fish cans may be surrounded by canvas insulation, but if plenty of ice is available and transportation rapid, this is unnecessary. Tanks carried in trucks are covered with a suitable tarpaulin. If the water in which the fish are carried is maintained at a low temperature, the motion of the water during transit either by rail or in trucks has been found sufficient for satisfactory oxygenation. Hatchery attendants have very little difficulty, providing they check the temperature in the cans regularly and have a supply of ice on hand when required. If the cans are left standing at a railroad station for any length of time, a good way to assist in aeration is to load the cans on one of the platform trucks, and to move it backwards and forwards. This causes sufficient motion of the water to effect suitable aeration. In the case of large tanks, the use of compressed air and oxy-tanks may at times be resorted to. Disturbing the fish by removing water from the can with a dipper and allow- ing it to fall from a height is recommended only in urgent cases, and at all times should be performed with the utmost caution. It is a dangerous practice to use with tiny fry on account of possible injury by forceful impact. In any case, this method excites the fish, with the result that they use up more oxygen and the very end which is being sought is defeated. Fish are generally fed the night before shipment is made, in order to avoid the accumulation of excrement in the cans, which would occur if the fish were fed on the day they were shipped. Accumulations of excrement would lead to a 52 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 diminution of the oxygen supply and to pollution of the water, on account of the small volume carried. Hatchery ofificials are responsible for the effective transportation and planting of all classes of fish and are directed in their efforts by the Biological and Fish Culture Branch of the Department of Game and Fisheries. Eleven hundred and ninety-two shipments of fish were made during the year, and of these only five reached their destinations in poor condition. PLANTING OF FISH Hatchery officials are responsible for the planting of fish of all species, acting under requisitions and definite instructions from the Branch. Nevertheless, the Branch advises applicants regarding the necessary technique required in planting operations, on requisitions issued. Successful planting depends on the knowledge of the requirements of the fish, and this may be obtained only by close observation and study of the life- history of each species. Dr. Lawson Hart and Dr. Andrew Pritchard, formerly of the Department of Biology, University of Toronto, have made special contri- butions to the knowledge of the life-history of the whitefish (Coregonus clupea- formis Mitchill) and the herring (Leucichthys artedi), respectively, by studies carried out on the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario, under the auspices of the Fisheries' Research Laboratory of the Department of Biology, University of Toronto. The information, which is of an exact kind and the result of inquiry over a considerable period of time, gives a clue to the most suitable location in which to deposit whitefish and herring fry. Mr. J. H. Fox, Science Master, Windsor Collegiate Institute, commenced an investigation during the year under the direction of the Director of the Branch regarding the most suitable natural environment for lake trout fingerlings. Lake trout fingerlings were placed in wire cages, 15 by 12 by 8 inches, in various positions in Lake Ontario, opposite Port Bowmanville, and examined once a week to determine the percentage of mortality. At the same time water samples, plankton, temperature records, and bottom fauna were taken in the vicinity of the cages. The first series of experiments showed that in an unprotected cage, water currents, as a controlling factor in mortality, overshadow all other factors. In the second series of experiments the effect of currents was largely eliminated by using cages with a band of galvanized iron around four sides, leaving only the top and bottom open, and instead of being suspended, the cages were allowed to rest on the bottom. By such an arrangement the effect of strong water currents was minimized. The experiments indicated that the smallest daily mortality among lake trout fingerlings occurs at a depth of 24.5 metres (80.4 feet). More prolonged experiments, using larger numbers of fish, may be under- taken by the Branch in 1931. CLOSED WATERS The following waters are closed to all fishing: Bass Lake, townships of Purdom and Booth, district of Thunder Bay; indefinite closure by Order-in-Council of April 29th, 1930, for bass propagation. Beryl Lake, north half of section 26, township of Yankoughnet, district of Algoma; closed until May 1st, 1931, by Order-in-Council of December 20th, 1927. Brough's Creek, township of South Orillia, county of Simcoe; closed until June 2nd, 1934, by Order-in-Council of August 14th, 1930, for rainbow trout propagation. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT, 1930 53 Cat, or Finger Lake, concessions 19, 20, 21, township of Blair, couaty of Parry Sound; indefinite closure by Order-in-Council of August 14rth, 1930, for bass propagation. Cedar Creek, Pitch Creek, and Whitewood Creek, district of Tfiuad^r Bay; closad until May 31st, 1933, by Order-in-Council, February 26th, 1930, for spackled trout propagation. Crooked Lake, district of Sudbury, Missinahi Lake, districts of Sudbury and Algoma, and that portion of Dog Lake lying north of the right-of-way of the Canadian Pacific Railway and located in the districts of Algoma and Sudbury; all closed until July 1st, 1932, by Order-in- Council of February 26th, 1930, for bass propagation. Eagle Lake, township of Anstruther, county of Peterborough, closed for three years co.iimencing August 1st, 1929, by Order-in-Council of August 14th, 1929, for brown trout propagation. Esnagami Lake, townships of Esnagami, Rupert, and Alpha, and unsurveyed territory; Kawjsh- kagami Lake^ township of Sexton; Fleming River, township of Sexton; Fleming Lake, townships of Sexton, Danford, and unsurveyed territory; Kawashkagami Creek, lying between Fleming lake and Island lake, in unsurveyed territory — all in the district of Thunder Bay; closed indefinitely by Order-in-Council of November 19th, 1930, for speckled trout propagation. Fox Lake, twelve miles from Kenora, in unsurveyed territory of the district of Kenora; closed indefinitely by Order-in-Council of October 20th, 1927, for bass propagation. Green Lake, concessions 6, 7 and 8, township of Brougham, county of Renfrew; indefinite closure by Order-in-Council of September 16th, 1930, for bass propagation. Herridge Lake, townships oi Strathcona and Law, district of Nipissing; indefinite closure by Order-in-Council, February 26th, 1930, for bass propagation. Lake on the Mountain, at Glenora, Prince Edward county; owned by the Crown and closed for hatchery purposes and for bass propagation. Sucker Lake, township of Assiginack, district of Manitoulin; indefinite closure by Order-in- Council of November 6th, 1929, for bass propagation. Trout Lake, township of McKim, district of Sudbury; indefinite closure by Order-in-Council of August 14th, 1930. The following are examples of cases where game fish are protected, and where propagation may be carried on at the discretion of the Department: Lake of the Woods: i. Clearwater Bay. 2. Woodchiick Bay. 3. Andrews Bay. 4. Bigstone Bay. 5. Rat Portage. 6. Popular Bay. 7. Lobstick Bay, closed especially for hatchery purposes. 8. Sabaskong Bay (maskinonge sanctuary).^This includes all the waters in the bay, and inlets and bays tributary thereto lying east of a line drawn northeast from the west side of Brule point to the westerly extremity of Rabbit point. 9. White Partridge Bay. — In this instance the line is drawn across from Zigzag point south of 105P; thence to I.R. 38a. Kenora District: i. Little Vermilion Lake, township of Vermilion, District of Kenora. 2. Pelican Lake, Kenora (near Pelican on C.N.R.); lake trout and pickerel propagation. Rainy River District: Stanjikoming Bay. Lake Nipigon: In regard to gill nets authorized for Lake Nipigon, one of the conditions reads as follows: "Gill nets authorized in the license shall not be set, placed, or located within one thousand yards of the mouth of any tributary, river, creek, or stream, nor within two miles from Virgin falls, and no nets shall be set on speckled trout spawning grounds, or on grounds set aside for the taking of spawn by the Department, namely: West bay. Chief bay, Ombabika bay. Black Sturgeon bay, south of Long point in South bay, and those waters lying east of a line drawn from one mile west of Poplar point to one mile west of High Hill river, or in other waters as directed." 54 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 Lake Superior: Nipigon Bay, closed permanently. Algoma District: Echo Lake, township of Kehoe; closed for hatchery purposes (pickerel). Manitoulin Island: 1. Kagawong Lake. 2. Manitou Lake. 3. Mindemoya Lake. Georgian Bay Waters: /. Entrance to Spanish River. 2. Whitefish Bay, closed indefinitely. 3. McGregor Bay, closed indefinitely. 4. Killarney Bay, closed indefinitely. 5. East Shore. Condition 19 of the conditions governing licensees states: No nets shall be set in that portion of the waters of Georgian bay east of a line drawn northwesterly from the most westerly point of Moore's point; thence northwesterly to the most southwesterly point of Beausoleil island; then continuing northwesterly to Gin island; to Smooth island; to Whaleback Beacon; to Eshpadekong island; to the easterly side of Pine island; to Phillimore rock; to Bass Group islands; to Barbara rock; to Campbell's island; to the most easterly end of Sandy island; to the westerly side of Pancake island; to the most westerly point of Franklin island; to Twin island; to Groundhog island; to Hang Dog island; to Champlain island; to Tie island, and to the mouth of the French river. 6. Matchedash Bay, closed July and August. 7. Colpoy's Bay, closed to commercial fishing permanently; used for lake trout propagation. Lake St. Clair: Mitchell's Bay, closed to commercial fishing during the months of May, June, July, and August Lake Erie: Inner Bay of Long Point Bay, closed to commercial fishing with the exception of seining and hoop netting, which must not be carried on during the spawning season of black bass. Fishing of this nature is prohibited during the months of May, June, July, and August. Bay^of Quinte: Quoting from the conditions governing licensees, we have under condition 18 the follow- ing statement: "No one shall fish with nets duringthemonthsof June, July, and August, in that portion of the waters of the Bay of Quinte lying westward of a line drawn from Green point, in the county of Prince Edward, to the eastern limit of the town of Deseronto, in the county of Hastings. That portion of the Bay of Quinte westward of a line drawn across the bay from Horse point on the southern shore to the Lehigh Cement Works' wharf opposite on the northern shore to the Belleville Highway bridge, is hereby set apart and reserved for fishing for hatchery purposes." ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In conclusion, I desire to publicly express my appreciation of the assistance and support which has been rendered to the Department throughout the year. The members of the staff, of both the inside and outside services, have faithfully and zealously carried out any and all duties which have been allotted to them, and the spirit of loyal co-operation in the performance of the work has at all timt-a been evident. Our work has been made more pleasant and attractive by reason of the assistance and co-operation rendered by the transportation companies and the various Fish and Game Protective Associations throughout the Province, the 1931 ANNUAL REPORT, 1930 55 officers and members of which latter organizations havmg at all times worked in conjunction with the Department and its various officers in an_ earnest endeavour to secure a proper observance of the provisions of the Ontario Game and Fisheries Act. All of which is respectfully submitted. I am, Sir, Your obedient servant, D. McDonald, Deputy Minister of Game and Fisheries, 56 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 APPENDIX No. 1 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1930 Note. — (C) Before the figure indicates Commercially Fished Waters. Speckled Trout Eggs Sinicoe: Pratt's rearing ponds 50,000 Thunder Bay: Long lake 5,000 Wideman lake 5,000 Lower Twin lake 5,000 Upper Twin lake 5,000 Anderson lake 5,000 McKenzielake 5,000 Clegglake 5,000 Elbow lake .. 5,000 Department Marine and Fish- eries, Ottawa 5,000 Speckled Trout Fingerlings Addington: Tontia Wanta creek 10,000 Algoma: Trout Lake inlet 1,000 Moose lake 4,000 Agawa river 10,000 Mongoose lake 4,000 Spruce lake 5,000 Loon lake 4,000 Chippewa river 10,000 Batchewana river 4,000 Sand lake and creek 4,000 Wartz lake 4,000 Snowshoe lake 2,000 Silver creek 7,000 Gull lake 4,000 Upper Pine lake 2,000 Little Trout lake 5,000 Jones lake 2,000 Root river 4,000 Heyden lake 2,000 Boyle's creek 2,000 Walker lake 2,000 Burrough's lake 2,000 Ashigan creek 15,000 Bear creek 2,000 Mountain lake 5,000 Michipicoten river 20,000 Loon lake 2,000 Spring creek 5,000 Harmony river 2,000 Mud creek 2,000 Johnson's creek 2.000 Bridgeland river 4,000 Kent's creek 2,000 McQueen's creek 2,000 Cannon creek 2,000 Dunn's creek 2,000 Iron river 2,000 Stokely creek 2,000 Twin lakes 2,000 Victoria creek 2,000 Fairy lake 2,000 McVeigh creek 8,000 Spider lake 8.000 Lost lake 8,000 Algoma — Continued Hart lake Lower Island lake Dam creek Murphy lake Trout creek Trout lake Broad lake Barn's creek Lake Franklin Big Carp creek Bruce: Willow creek Vance stream Stoney Spring creek Plum creek Colpoy's creek Silver creek Barrow Bay creek Silver creek Dufferin: White's creek Unnamed creek Pine river and tributaries Cemetary creek Greenwood creek Warne's creek Piatt creek Bowling Green river Hunter's creek Credit river and tributaries. . . . Nottawasaga river Durham: Cavan creek and tributaries. . . Tyron creek and tributaries. . . Mount Pleasant creek Hayden's stream and tributaries Ganaraska river McKinley's creek Liskard creek Harris creek Farrow's creek McLaughlin's creek Cale's creek Squair's creek W. J. Lytle stream Bert Reid cree'< Chandler creek Gardner pond Nicholson creek Elgin: Ball creek Wolfe creek Howie creek Frontenac: Trout lake Cataraqui creek Grenville: Kemptville Agricultural School 6,000 6,500 4,000 4,000 5,000 4,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 2,000 7,000 5,000 3,000 3.000 1,500 6,000 5,000 561 5,000 2,000 10,000 10,000 20,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 40,000 15,000 10,000 10,000 30,000 10,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 2,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 500 20,000 10,000 25 1931 ANNUAL REPORT, 1930 57 SPECIES AND OUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IX PROVINCIAL WATERS, \930-~Continued Grey : Saugeen river and tributaries. . 10,000 Rocky Saugeen 12,000 Beaver river and trioatariss. . . 15,000 Sydenham river 10,000 Oxenden creek 1,500 Creeks on lots 1 and 2, concas- sionXXII 8,000 Priddle's Spring creek 15,000 Mulocklake 2,000 Haliburton: Glidden's creek 2,500 Holland's creek 1,000 Bonham's creek 2,500 North lake 10.000 Colburne's creek 10,000 Fish lake 10.000 McCue creek 10.000 Ross Lake creek 10,000 Bear Lake creek 20.000 Elephant creek 10,000 Wren lake 10,000 Torch lake and creek 1,000 Halton: Murray's creek 2,000 Acton creek 5,000 Ballinifad 2.000 Clancv's creek 700 Nicholl's creek 3,000 Hastings: Deer river 20,000 Rawdon creek 10,000 Egan creek 10,000 Cedar creek 5.000 Little Papineau creek 10,000 Two Mile creek 10,000 Upper Crosier creek 10,000 Papineau creek 10,000 Moore's lake 10,000 Huron: Clinton Spring creek 1,000 Patterson's creek 2,000 Johnson's creek 7,000 Middleton's creek 4,000 Spring Hill creek 7,000 Crawford's creek 500 Maitland river 2,000 Kent: Henry creek 1.000 Lambton : Hungry Hollow creek 2,000 Manitoulin: Mindemoya river, lake, and creek 1.000 Blue Jay creek -i.OOO Manitou river 5,000 Norton creek 2,000 Middlesex: Spring ponds McFarland's Spring creek. . . . Wye creek Humphry creek Dorman's creek Muskoka: Fairy lake Oxtongue lake Clear lake Outlet creek Walker's lake Hock Rock creek Echo creek Little East river Buck's creek White lake Echo lake Nelson's creek Casselman's creek Muskoka river Joyce's creek Ten Mile bay (Lake of Bays). Nipissing: McKenzie creek Amable.du Fond Four Mile creek North river Duschesne creek Chippewa creek Doran's creek Bear creek Norfolk: Kelly's stream Patterson's creek Cattle creek \'enison creek Cowan creek Beech Lane creek Northumberland : Woodland creek Mutton creek Salem creek Telephone creek West creek Barrett's creek Cold creek Piper creek Burnley's creek Spring creek • • ■ ■ Dawson creek Brickley creek Hefferman's creek Callahan's creek Keeler Spring creek Ashby's creek Sandy Flat creek Ontario: Raglan pond and stream Duffin's creek Smalley's creek Altona mill pond 1,000 250 1,000 2,500 1,000 10,000 10,500 7,000 2,000 10.000 10.000 2,000 18,700 10,000 5.500 2,000 10,000 10,000 11.200 10,000 10,000 500 5,000 5,500 5,000 5,500 5,000 5,000 500 2,500 5,000 3.000 5,000 1,000 700 10,000 5,000 1,000 1,000 10,000 1,000 5,000 5,000 5.000 10,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 7,500 15,000 4,000 2,000 58 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1930— Continued Oxford: Wren creek . Parry Sound: Deer lake Trout creek Bolger Spring creek Loon lake and Magnetawan river Clear lake Big Clam lake Distress river Eagle lake Lake Bernard South river South Sequin river Paisley lake Black creek Genesee creek and lake Barrett's creek Ragged creek Jenkin's creek Steel's creek Fleming lake Little East river Peel: Montgomery creek Credit river and tributaries. . . . Cold creek Columbia stream Humber river Peterborough: Laing's creek Needle's Low Mill creel- Sucker Lake creek .... Plato creek Sedgwick's creek Buchanan's creek Leary's pond Sunset stream Archer's creek Blizzard's creek Springville creek Prince Edward: Trout creek Waring creek Haight's creek Foster's creek Masten's creek Williams creek Yarwood's creek Renfrew: Robinson Lake creak Little Madawaska river Carson's lake Brennan's creek Gultz creek Malone's creek Contant creek Brynen's creek Donohue's creek Sack's creek Shaw creek Caldwell creek Dolan's creek Pembroke Trout Rearing Pond 2,000 10,000 9,000 1,200 10,000 10.000 500 500 10,000 15,000 25,000 5,000 500 10,000 10,000 4,000 10,000 600 10,000 500 7,500 5,000 20,000 1,500 500 20,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 10.000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 800 Simcoe: Fourth Line creek. Coldwater river . . . Sturgeon river. . . . Lafontaine creels . . O'Neill's creek. . . . Hog creek Silver creek Second lake Sudbury: Spring creek. . . Nelson river. . . Bertrand's cree Post creek . . . . Veuve river . . . Cold spring . . . Second lake . . Thunder Bay: Allen lake Allen creek Trout lake Arnold creek Lake Nipigon and Nipigon river Rainbow lake Moose creek Spring creek McGregor creek McKenzie river Dufault lake Creeks mile posts 17 and 13 . . . Billy lake Consineau's lake Pearl river Mclntyre river Pitch creek Six Mile creek Whitewocd creek Black creek (Paska) Golden Gate lake Current river Cedar creek Golden Spring creek McVicar's creek Neebing river Oliver lake. . . ." Bruley creek Coldwater creek McGregor lake Longworth lake Small McKenzie lake Wilgar creek Deception lake Hilma lake Maud lake Surprise lake Mirror lake Crystal creek Mcintosh lake Johnson creek Ring lake McKenzie creek Timiskaming: Latour creek W^atabeag river (Hooker and Welcome creeks) 1,000 25,000 10,000 2,000 5,000 1,000 850 2,000 5,000 5,000 1,200 5,000 5,000 1,200 500 10,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 136,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 20,000 10,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 10,000 20,000 20,000 5,000 1,000 10,000 20,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 1,000 8,000 1931 ANNUAL REPORT. 1930 59 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1930— Continued Timiskaming — Continued Kamiscotia creek LOGO Moffatt creek LOOO Blanche river 4,000 Hudson creek LOOO Croft's creek 5,000 Shaw's creek 2,500 Grassy creek LOOO Red Sucker river 2,500 St. Jean de Baptiste Cizzx LOOO Water Hen creek 5,000 Hayden creek 2,500 Thompson creek LOOO Wabi river '. LOOO Taylor's creek 1,000 Graham creek 1,000 Otter creek 1,000 McKenzie's creek LOOO Bear creek 1,000 Maiden creek LOOO Crocodile creek 1,000 Waterloo: Erbsville creek 3,600 Hopewell creek 3,600 Mannheim creek 2,700 Silver Spring creek 1,000 Jedborough dam 4,000 Streams, concession I and 11.. . 500 Jim Bradley's creek 2,000 Schwindt's creek 5,000 Welland: Effington stream LOOO Sulphur springs 1,000 Wentworth : Scott's Spring creek 5,000 Wellington: Howlett creek 5,000 Everton stream 2,000 Bell's creek 1,000 York: Osier's pond 4,000 Experimental: Mt. Pleasant hatchery 143 Speckled Trout Yearlings Addington: Shibagau 500 Brant: Private aquarium 5 Bruce: Willow creek LOOO Spring creek 500 Silver creek 500 DufTerin: Esson's creek 1 ,000 Nottawa creek 500 Durham: Cavan creek and tributaries. . . Tyrone creek and tributaries. . Gibson creek Mill pond Wm. Hooey's cres'.v Cadmas creek Barker's creek Hall creek Grey : Saugeen river and tributaries. . Rocky Saugeen Beaver river and tributarias. . . Creeks on lots 1 and 2, coices- sionXXII. Priddle's Spring creek Haliburton: Buck lake Moose lake Halton: Acton creek Parks creek Hastings: Lake St. Peter Rawdon creek Baragar lake Huron: Johnston's creek Middlesex: Duncrief s creek Muskoka: Lake of Bays Lake Vernon Fairy lake Clear lake Walker's lake Pine lake Big East river Shoe lake Nipissing: Four \Iile creek North river Chippewa creek Doran's creek Norfolk: Clear creek Spooky Hollow creek Hay creek Vittoria creek Northumberland: Brophy's creek Burnley stream and creek Ontario: Black creek Oatmeal pond Elgin pond 500 500 200 250 50 450 500 500 1,250 250 1,500 200 500 1.200 1,200 416 250 600 112 600 1,350 350 5,000 500 500 LOOO LOOO 1,200 LOOO 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 600 500 1,200 500 LOOO 250 500 60 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1930— Continued Parry Sound: Sugar lake and creek . Depot creek South Sequin river. . . Magnetawan river . . . Ragged creek Slaughterhouse creek. Little East river Peel: Credit river and tributaries. Humber river Perth: Maitland river. Simcoe: Sturgeon river. . . . Willow creek Silver creek Black creek Hawkestone creek . Silver creek Nottawasaga river . Timiskaming: Lake Timagami . . . Waterloo: Speed river . . . Wilkes creek . Cedar creek. . Mill creek Moffatt creek. Private pool . . Wellington: Deagle property . Bell's creek Speckled Trout Adults Muskoka: Lake of Bays . Peterborough: Stony lake . . . Wellington : Prison Farm creek . Lake Trout Eggs Department Marine and Fish- eries, Ottawa Georgian bay (C) State Fish Hatchery, Vermont, U.S.A (Brown trout eyed eggs received in exchange.) L.\KE Trout Fry Algoma : Clear lake Chiblaw lake Patton lake Shookum lake Jobammeghia lake Basswood lake 500 500 2,000 1,500 500 500 1,500 2,000 2,500 750 1,000 250 500 250 1,000 250 500 3,750 1,000 500 1,500 500 500 24 500 1,000 660 158 95 200,000 266,000 100,000 5,000 35,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 Frontenac: Sharbot lake . Crow lake. . . . Trout lake . . . Brule lake. . . . Canonto lake. Haliburton: Kashagawigamog . . Drag lake Sayer lake Spruce lake Bob lakes Gull lake East lake Hollow lake Kushog lake Boskung lake Haliburton lake. . . . Maple lake Twelve Mile lake. . Beaver lake Oblong lake Little Boskung lake . Hastings: Papineau lake , Lake St. Peter Salmon lake Bass lake L'Amable lake , Big Salmon lake ... Kenora: Eagle lake Little \'ermilion lake. Lanark: Silver lake (C) Leeds: Charleston lake Rideau lakes (C) Muskoka: Lake \'ernon Fairy lake Peninsula lake Clear lake Walker's lake Rebecca lake Doty's lake Parry Sound : Georgian bay (C) McQuaby's lake Peterborough : Gull lake Loon lake Rainy River: Narrow lake . Long lake. . . Thunder Bay: Lac des Mille Lacs Savant lake (C) Long lake 35,000 10,000 10,000 12,500 10,000 10,000 20,000 15,000 5,000 5,000 15,000 5,000 10,000 20,000 5,000 25,000 6,000 10,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 20,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 10,000 20,000 100,000 25,000 10,000 25,000 100,000 20,000 25,000 35,000 10,000 10,000 20.000 20,000 3,237,035 10,000 50,000 10,000 5,000 10,000 20,000 28,000 25,000 1931 ANNUAL REPORT, 1930 61 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, l930-~Continued Tinjiskaming: Lake Timagami 100,000 York : Lake Simcoe (C) 100,000 Great Lakes: Lake Superior (C) 4,430,000 Lake Huron (C) 5,385,500 North Channel (C) 2 10,000 Lake Ontario (C) 449,000 Lake Trout Fingerlings Algoma : Trout Lake inlet 25,000 Mud lake 15,000 Basswood lake 50,000 Loon lake 15,000 Sand lake and creek 25,000 Carpenter lake 25,000 McCarroU's lake 10,000 Cloudvlake 10.000 Diamond lake 15.000 Cummings lake 25.000 Mud lake (Day-Gladstone) .... 25,000 Island lake 25,000 Lake Lauzon 50.000 Island lake (Aberdeen) 25,000 Lonely lake 25,000 Achigan lake 25,000 Petangen lake 5,000 Lake Dundorn 25.000 Trout lake (Aweres) 25,000 Patton lake 25,000 Haliburton: Clear lake 10,000 Bear lake 2,500 Stony lake : 2,500 Wolf lake 2.500 Pine lake 7,500 Twelve Mile lake 10,000 Lake Kashagani 15,000 Hastings: Baptiste lake 15,000 Kenora : Fox lake 100,000 Lake of the Woods (C) 500,000 Tawatinaw lake (C) 25.000 Stanzhikimi lake (C) 25,000 Dogtooth lake 12,800 Cedar lake 100,000 Blue lake 100,000 Leeds: Charleston lake 10,000 Muskoka: Muskokalake 60,000 Lake Joseph 65,000 Lake of Bays 175,000 Mary lake 50,000 Lake Rosseau 65,000 Skeleton lake 30,000 Nipissing: L'pper French river 25,000 Turtle lake 15,000 Talon lake 15,000 Wickstead lake 15,000 French river 100,000 Trout lake 15,000 Oxbow lake 15,000 Marten lake 25,000 Bear lake 15,000 Parry Sound: Ahmic lake 20,000 Clear lake 10,000 Sugar lake and creek 25,000 Horseshoe lake 15,000 Spring lake 10,000 Maple lake 25,000 Eagle lake 60,000 Otter lake 15.000 Cariboo lake 15,000 Lake of Many Islands 10,000 Peterborough : Belmont lake 20,000 Oak lake 20,000 Rainy River: Straw Hat lake 7,500 Mercury lake 7,500 Renfrew : Clear lake 10.000 Barry's bay 10,000 Carson's lake 10,000 Rough lake 10,000 Wadsworth lake 10,000 Trout lake 10,000 Diamond lake and creek 10,000 Blackfish bay 10,000 Sudbury: Ramsay lake 15,000 Birch lake 10,000 Trout lake 10,000 Thunder Bay: Lake Nipigon (C) 30,000 Kashabowie lake 20,000 Lake ShebUndowin 20,000 Long lake 40,000 McKenzie river 10,000 Baril river 20,000 One Island lake 35,000 Anderson lake 10,000 Timiskaming: Sesekinika lake 15,000 Perry lake 10,000 Lake Timagami 200,000 Cr>'stal lake 10,000 Nellie's lake 10,000 Rib lake 10,000 York: Lake Simcoe (C) 10,000 62 DEPARTxMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1930—Conthiued Great Lakes: Lake Superior (C) 216,500 Lake Huron (C) 510,000 Lake Ontario (C) 14,667 Rainbow Trout Fingerlings Grey: Jamieson lake Halton: Bronte creek Simcoe: Stoney creek . Sudbury: Rapid river Windy creek .... Sandcherry creek . Fairbank creek. . York : Lake Simcoe . 1,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 1,000 24.500 Rainbow Trout Yearlings Brant: Private aquarium York: Lake Simcoe Brown Trout Fingerlings Grey: Jamieson lake Kenora : Armstrong lake Blue lake Granite lake Trout lake (Pellatt) Clearwater lake Trout lake Shoal lake 10,000 500 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10.000 10,000 Whitefish Kenora: Lake of the Woods 27,500,000 Parry Sound : Georgian bay 57,370,000 Prince Edward: Bay of Quinte 103,440,000 Rainy River: Rainy lake 16,560,000 Sudbury: Windy lake . 500,000 Thunder Bav: Lake Nipigon 6,000,000 Savant lake 100,000 Timiskaming: Lake Timiskaming. Great Lakes: Lake Superior 10,688,000 Lake Huron 1,500,000 North Channel 6,000,000 Lake Erie 32,417,000 Lake Ontario 15,000,000 Peterborough : Stonv lake . . Maskinonge Victoria: Sturgeon lake. Balsam lake. . Pigeon river . . Young's lake . Haliburton: Beaver lake . Herring Parry Sound: Georgian bay 1 Peterborough : Loon lake Prince Edward: Bay of Quinte IS Timiskaming: Lake Timiskaming Great Lakes: Lake Huron 7 Lake Erie Pickerel Addington: South Beaver lake White lake Indian lake Algoma: Desbarats lake. Keichel lake . . . Cataract lake. . Carleton: Constance creek . Frontenac: Mississagagon Sharbot lake . . Cross lake. . . . Crow lake. . . . Bobs lake .... Millar's lake. . Hastings: Stoco lake. . . Moira lake . . Salmon river . 20,000 20,000 2,000 18,000 10,000 100,000 ,000,000 50,000 ,035,000 75,000 ,000,000 397,000 25,000 30,000 25,000 125,000 100,000 50,000 25,000 40,000 500,000 50,000 100,000 100,000 20,000 150,000 250,000 500,000 25,000 Kenora : Lake Wabigoon (O 5,000,000 Lake of the Woods (C) 53,190,000 Eagle lake (C) 3,000,000 Armstrong lake 25,000 Tawatinaw (C) 500,000 Stanzhikimi lake (C) 500,000 1931 ANNa'AL REPORT. 1930 63 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, i93Q— Continued Lambton : Sydenham river 200.000 T 3.n3.T*k * Christie lake 150,000 Tay river 50,000 Leeds '. Rideau lakes (C) 400,000 Sand lake 100,000 Crosby lake 25.000 Muskoka lake 1.385,000 Joseph lake 750,000 Lake Rosseau 750,000 Bala bav 25.000 Three Mile lake 100,000 Muldrew lake 100,000 Robinson lake 25,000 Nipissing: Upper French river 500.000 Lake Nipissing (C) 1.000,000 Tilden lake 100,000 Nosbonsing lake 200,000 Turtle lake 100,000 Talon lake 100,000 Wickstead lake 200,000 Trout lake 200,000 Marten lake 200,000 Northumberland : Crow bay 100,000 Trent river 100,000 Healey falls 100,000 Ontario: Lake St. John 25,000 Mud lake 15,000 Parr>' Sound : Brophy lake 250,000 Magnetawan river 400.000 Ahmic lake 200.000 Stewart's lake 25,000 McKeown's lake 25.000 Commanda lake 50,000 Cecebe lake 200,000 Blackstone lake 150,000 Manitawabin lake (C) 100,000 Owl lake 25,000 Kashegabagamog lake 100,000 Whitestone lake 250,000 Isabella lake 300,000 Georgian bay (O 1,000,000 Wilson's lake 100,000 Crane lake 150,000 Osier's lake 200,000 Caribou lake 200,000 Peterborough : Otonabee river 500,000 Prince Edward: West lake (C) 1,000,000 East lake (C) 1,000,000 Bay of Quinte (C) 18.810.000 Rainv River: Rainv lake (C) 48,250.000 Red Gut bay (C) 2,000,000 Renfrew: Norway lake 50,000 Ottawa river (C) 200,000 Simcoe: Severn river 1,000,000 Sturgeon River bay 500,000 Nottawasaga river (C) 1,830,000 Sudbury: Cutler lake 50,000 Thunder Bay: Lake Nipigon (C) 5,000,000 Lake Shebandowin (C) 2,000,000 Long lake 2,000,000 Lac des Mille Lacs 2,000,000 Sturgeon lake (C) 500.000 Timiskaming: Sesekinika lake 250,000 Lake Timiskaming (C) 250,000 Barber's bay 100.000 \'ictoria: Trent canal 500.000 Big Mud Turtle lake 100.000 Lake Dalrymple (Mud) 300.000 Young's lake 25,000 Waterloo : Grand river and creek 200,000 Lake Superior (C) 22,500,000 Lake Huron (.C) 21,600,000 Pickerel Eyed Egos Muskoka: Sparrow lake 5,000,000 Bass Fry Brant: Big creek 10.000 Bruce: Cameron lake 5,000 Taylor's lake 5,000 Cyprus lake 5,000 Silver lake 5,000 Sauble river 5,000 Saugeen river 5.000 Durham: Scugog lake 5.000 Frontenac: Sharbot lake 5.000 Loughborough lake 5,000 Haldimand: Grand river 5.000 64 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1930— Continued Haliburton: Kashagawigamog lake . Gull lake Kushog lake Rock lake Paudash lake Hastings: Stoco lake. . . Crow lake. . . Moira river. Moira lake. . Salmon lake. Crow river. . Lambton: Sydenham river. Leeds: Big Rideau lake. Middlesex: Thames river (North branch). Muskoka: Sparrow lake Nipissing: Lake Nipissing. Turtle lake. . . . French river. . . Trout lake. . . . Ontario: Lake St. John Lake Simcoe . . Parry Sound: Blackwater lake. . Ahmic lake Maple lake Cecebe lake Storm lake Diamond lake .... Duck lake Isabella lake Magnetawan river. Peterborough: Pigeon lake Stony lake Belmont lake Round lake Loon lake Little lake Prince Edward: Roblin's lake . West lake. . . . East lake . . . . Simcoe: Severn river . . Lake Semple . Sparrow lake. Lake Simcoe . Timiskaming: Lake Timaganii. 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 3,000 5,000 10,000 12,000 1,500 3,000 1,500 5,000 25,000 5,000 4,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 20,000 10,000 15,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 15,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 3,500 Victoria: Sturgeon lake. Cameron lake. Balsam lake. . Mud lake. . . . Head lake. . . . Waterloo : Grand river. York: Wilco.x lake . Bass Fingerlings Brant: Whiteman's creek. Grand river Haliburton: West lake Big Bob lake. . . Gull lake South lake Kushog lake. . . . Beach lake Lake of Islands. Duck lake Straggle lake. . . Brady's lake. . . . Muskoka: Wood lake Sand lake Three Mile lake. Gull lake Muldrew lake. . Pine lake Dickie's lake. . . Long's lake Long lake Parry Sound: Ahmic lake. . . . Bolger lake. . . . Restoule creek. Peterborough: Belmont lake. Round lake. . Oak lake Victoria : Mud Turtle lake. Experimental: Mount Pleasant hatchery. Bass (One to Four Years Old) Carleton : Constance creek Frontenac: White lake. Long lake. . 2,500 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 500 500 325 250 20 225 35 340 350 95 200 130 500 500 100 100 100 100 500 100 100 100 200 111 900 800 600 500 •■244 100 100 100 *244 = 91 fry plus 153 fingerlings. 1931 ANNUAL REPORT, 1930 65 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROM NCI AL WATERS, 1930— Continued Haliburton: Gull lake Kushog lakes. . Beach lake. . . . Duck lake Brady's lake. . . Cranberry lake . Head lake Leeds: Sand lake Newboro lake . . Peterborough : Indian river. . . Oak lake Bass Adults Addington: Bass lake South Beaver lake White lake 80 115 60 30 45 100 100 50 100 100 35 20 40 20 Frontenac: Sharbot lake 100 Eagle lake 40 Cross lake 46 Crow lake 40 Wolfe lake 25 Kenora : Armstrong lake 40 Dogtooth lake 200 Winnipeg river 100 Lanark: Dalhousie lake 100 Otty lake 50 Robertson's lake 40 Patterson lake 46 Pike lake 50 Leeds: Newboro lake 25 Peterborough : Oak lake 25 66 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 CT; 1— i Uh Di >■> CN ii :r 'J 7-, '^ o X Q U Z UJ Cu cu < 0. < O Z o H C/1 O Cl- CA) Number brought for^yard to 1931 (biological studies necessary) c "* t o^ '* ^ vO Number brought forward to 1931, suitable 00 O cs Number cancelled, duplicates O -H rr; iri lO — H Number cancelled, unsuitable — -H fV) -- -- -^ fM — r-1 I/O tN r-j O ic r-i — ^ o Number of applications 00_ 1 c I 1 a. c c 1- i u 0; o 2 c J! "a C 1931 ANNUAL REPORT. 1930 67 z _; '-:: X u ^-M LjJ ,— s o ^ z ca; u: u. a. ^ CU Z < 3 H :2 P3 Di H CAJ c c it; 85,000 25,000 275,000 100,000 196,000 260.000 tr. LT, 5 o 1 7 1 ,000 15,000 265, 64.^ 15,000 20,000 41,761 48.950 CCOi^COOCt- OOOf^u^yOOOiO CO"0fC00OOO<> — " o" 'o" t— " oo" O" (tT '^ O Lc — or- — — — O On cn" Adults f*5 Year- lings in o" o" o c o E _c r^ o o o, lO ID o o o_ o O O o o o o" o o o o" 8 O 00 «N cs in 00 oo o"o' 8 o_ 8 o o" •V 0] 8 8 o. *n r- to (0 o c ^ f °^ * '^ PS 1 4 p»^ 4 ■* 4 ^00 OC o 68 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 CT/ w u w Q- CAl O H ■^ O o z iz; Q X O 1— 1 ( ) Q u Z, < w X CU CD a. U. < -i — 1 — H — 00 li-T^'^o "^ o o PO On "^ O t^ —I t^ oT f^~ ^ •-H ^ tvi cooo lo On 0 f^ lO ■^ vO CS t^ \0 -Hr~fsi V tN CN O O O O ?N o O O lO vO r- r^, ro O *"* 00 "^ O s s,« <«. O On CO oo f^ 00 000"^-ioOOOO O\000r)<-i*0000 in o O^f^ — O 0_0_0 vO '-' tN ir5 00 00 •^_0_NO__ ■«*< CN cs us en c "■ tJO O f^ O r^. O 00 o'o" in •^ 3 ^i >, rt 0: >. M 3 >» jj" +J" jj" jj" J-T 4J'<43 rt ^"2333333 - O OC OO On O lO O O 0_I^_0,0_ rrT— <"?n"o" ir5 CN t-~ ro On^'^^OO in-^ -^ oooo O O lO o o_o_f-_o_^ 00 in On cT \C •* 00 — " On t-~ •«*< "tT oo' oo' CVI -.* — b/0 u3 C bJO ooo ooo Oinin r-) t^ r-j oomrA O O O O O O -M >. ' l-( u Ih u >- 3 3 .,- o-o-c-c-o ^ & t; i; H-lCOCOC/^C/jOHDilCQCQ uT tn" uT uf ^^ _ 10 in in en c j:; rt nj nj ca o _■" tn ^ . m oooocn^-->;;JJ rt 03 n3 n3 cd u -C ^ • ^ ■-5 Tl o 1931 ANNUAL REPORT, 1930 69 Q Cx, iz; o w Di 0^ W Qh w < ^ D Z lO r<^ IT) r-j o a> ■* rf Ov irj CN \0 O O f) vO 0^ rt< -H -H >- — w "T S* -3 3 3 3 3 3 3 O O O O O l> u u u u. u o o o o 4i ^ QJ 1> Qj a a a Q. c bfi O _ in ■■; - > ~ txO en a)"u — uT tn" uf tn" ui X en en c! c3 rt rt ;C — C£ 33 o o .E S 'c5'c5 bc 3 o o Offl 70 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 APPENDIX GAME AND FISHERIES Statistics of the Fishing Industry in the Public Waters Equip District No. of men Tugs Gasoline launches Sail and row boats Gill nets No. Tons Value No. Value No. Va/ue Yards Value 423 364 156 542 278 142 786 736 647 135 73 33 156 75 38 152 247 53 $71,345 38,765 25,000 117,165 59,375 12,525 209,905 137,215 30,690 167 87 51 114 28 86 160 205 158 $7,477 4,815 4,440 5.640 1.715 3.950 12.850 10.385 7,179 375,080 1.005.456 383.950 1.433,085 1.009,446 $58,851 15 11 29 17 551 298 620 520 $71,300 71.500 196.500 133.500 108,012 39,935 146,108 139,580 Lake Erie and Upper Niagara river Lake Ontario. Lower Niagara and St. 29 790 226.500 1,337,152 1,230,920 314,550 199,348 123,765 9 195 39,500 31.195 Total 4.074 110 2,974 $738,800 962 $701,985 1,056 $58,451 7,089,639 $846,794 APPENDIX QUANTITIES OF District Herring Whitefish Trout Pike Pickerel (blue) Pickerel (dore) lbs. lbs. 675.597 371.679 192.446 993.873 246.551 668 1.087.689 551.910 1.422.835 lbs. 137.994 1.530.189 351.323 1.317.134 1.266.306 lbs. 782,269 9,913 76,249 80,077 2,093 28,189 41.557 133.142 63.903 lbs. lbs. 1,200,155 2.743.533 5.830 42.625 328.386 65 506.639 2.319.890 10.435 702 66.649 110.823 58,898 153,168 3,555 5,899,140 25,035 30,004 Lake Erie and Upper Niagara river Lake Ontario. Lower Niagara and St. Lawrence rivers 11.077 363,661 142,798 274,638 23,695 173,280 Totals 5.957.403 5.543,248 5,120,482 1,217,392 5.928,432 2,091.30 Values $297,870.15 $609,757.28 $563,253.02 $73,043.52 $296,421.60 $230,044 10 1931 ANNUAL REPORT. 1930 71 No. 6 DEPARTMENT, ONTARIO of Ontario, for the Year Ending December 31st, 1930 ME NT Seine nets Pound nets Hoop nets Dip and roll nets Night lines Spears Freezers and Ice houses Piers and wharves Total value Xo. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No. Value 40 60 115 96 122 153 560 $12,400 26,300 54,200 91,150 75,000 16.675 337.650 54 $2,495 130 21 27 46 48 24 100 47 44 $35,460 10,475 15,915 26,080 25,410 10,050 135,600 13,650 13,155 95 32 28 61 16 13 62 25 18 $14,990 10.250 21.300 20,190 5,125 2,950 29,200 4,445 2,235 $ $203,018 20 S3 7 269,954 232.290 8 1,200 $935 47 1,66s 1 $3 22,883 24 8,350 3,000 9,850 5,950 4,025 88 464 100 455 301 7 S36 608.837 439.793 44 6,485 13,436 795 6,941 4,911 9,360 660 6,881 51.525 55 27 541 180 492 13,520 5,835 3 3 63 13 700 317 1.161,018 6 309.795 70 35 8.850 86 644 146.782 183 28,857 $22,747 1,181 $622,225 849 $28,347 70 $1,033 50,077 $5,470 93 $680 487 $285,795 350 $110,685 $3,423,012 No. 7 FISH TAKEN Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed coarse Caviare Total Value lbs. 15.322 2.653 lbs. 5 99.176 10,780 lbs. 11,978 7 8,875 4,219 30.603 70.172 3,419,680 135,082 18,299 lbs. 264,299 1,063 77,790 573,341 lbs. 64,010 lbs. 3,134 50 658 81,481 4,899 125,264 277,773 57.622 174.148 lbs. 206.609 34.088 321.403 93.612 396,247 212,465 1,032,062 243,361 412,852 lbs. 764 41 41 772 466 1,042 22 449 lbs. 3.362.131 4.760,526 1,082,386 2,757.584 3.010.768 523,812 12,681,060 4,101,016 2,674.498 $303,273.61 356.493.87 14,675 1,551 8.136 20.258 63 6,283 266 32,706 102,710 145,046 86.087 92.906.34 280,550.22 251,918.28 32,577.69 27,048 709,769.67 3.374 265.407.66 34.573 124,059 247,007.57 127.590 109,961 3,698,915 1.040,552 437,171 725.029 2,952,699 3,597 34.953.781 $2,539,904.91 $51,036 00 $7,697.27 $184,945.75 $62,433.12 $34,973.68 $36,251.45 $88,580.97 $3,597 72 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 APPENDIX No. 8 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE YIELD OF OF ONTARIO THE FISHERIES Kind 1929 1930 Increase Decrease Herring lbs. 4,912,695 6,159,014 6,254,719 1,311,312 2,583,110 1,988.975 121,294 89,956 6,002,153 697,631 418,231 609,724 2,702,823 3,655 lbs. 5,957,403 5,543,248 5,120,482 1,217,392 5,928,432 2,091,310 127,590 109,961 3,698,915 1,040,552 437,171 725,029 2,952,699 3.597 lbs. 1,044,708 lbs. Whitefish 615 766 Trout 1 134 237 Pike 93,920 Blue pickerel 3,345,322 102,335 6,296 20,005 Pickerel (dore) Sturgeon Eels Perch 2,303,238 TuUibee 342,921 18,940 115,305 249,876 Catfish Carp Coarse fish Caviare 58 Total 33,855,292 34,953,781 *1,098,489 *Net increase. APPENDIX No. 9 STATEMENT OF YIELD OF THE FISHERIES OF ONTARIO, 1930 Compiled from the Fishermen's Annual Returns Kind Quantity Price per pound Estimated value Herring lbs. 5,957,403 5,543,248 5,120,482 1,217,392 5,928,432 2,091,310 127,590 109,961 3,698,915 1,040,552 437,171 725,029 2,952,699 3,597 $0.05 .11 .11 .06 .05 .11 .40 .07 .05 .06 .08 .05 .03 1.00 $297,870.15 Whitefish . 609,757.28 Trout 563,253.02 Pike 73,043.52 Blue pickerel 296,421.60 Pickerel (dore) 230,044.10 Sturgeon 51,036.00 Eels 7,697.27 Perch 184,945.75 Tullibee 62,433.12 Catfish 34,973.68 Carp 36,251.45 Coarse fish 88,580.97 Caviare 3,597.00 Total 34,953,781 $2,539,904.91 APPENDIX No. 10 VALUE OF ONTARIO FISHERIES FOR A PERIOD OF TWENTY 1911 TO 1930, INCLUSIVE YEARS, 1911 $2,419,178.21 1912 2,842,877.09 1913 2,674,686.76 1914 2,755,293.11 1915 3,341,181.41 1916 2,658,992.43 1917 2,866,424.00 1918 3,175,110.32 1919 2,721,440.24 1920 2,691,093.74 1921 $2,656,775,82 1922 2,807,525.21 1923 2,886,398.76 1924 3,139,279.03 1925 2,858,854.79 1926 2,643,686.28 1927 3,229,143.57 1928 3,033,944.42 1929 3,054,282.02 1930 2,539,904.91 Twenty-Fifth Annual Report OF THE Game and Fisheries Department 1931 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO SESSIONAL PAPER No. 9, 1932 ONTARIO TORONTO Printed and Published by Herbert H. Ball, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty 1932 To The Right Honourable Sir William Mulock, K.C, M.G., Administrator of the Government of the Province of Ontario. May It Please Your Honour: I have the honour to submit herewith, for the information of Your Honour and the Legislative Assembly, the Twenty-fifth Annual Report of the Game and Fisheries Department of this Province. I have the honour to be, Your Honour's most obedient servant, Chas. McCrea, Minister in charge of Game and Fisheries Department. Toronto, 1932. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Game and Fisheries Department of Ontario To The Honourable Charles IVIcCrea, Minister in charge, Department of Game and Fisheries. Sir: — I have the honour to place before you this Twenty-fifth Annual Report of the Department of Game and Fisheries of Ontario, covering the year 1931. FINANCIAL The table subjoined hereto shows in detail the various sources from which this Department derived its revenue during the fiscal year ended October 31st, 1931. Revenue for Fiscal Year, 1931 Game — Royalty $89,844.95 Licenses — Trapping $41,525 .50 Non-resident Hunting 62,300.00 Deer 75,016 50 Moose 7,953.00 Gun 51,237.75 Fur Dealers 30,482.00 Fur Farmers 8,555 . 00 Tanners 160.00 Cold Storage 215.00 Hotel, etc 160 . 00 277,604.75 $367,449.70 FiSHEJilES — Royalty $13 ,940 . 76 Licenses — Fishing $101,611.77 Angling 186,448 . 65 288,060.42 Sales — spawn taking 777 .54 ■ 302,778.72 General — Guides' Licenses $6,086 . 00 Fines 16,674 50 Costs 1,441 . 35 Sales — Confiscated Articles, etc 11,126 .44 Rent 4,986. 00 Commission 3,015 .45 Miscellaneous 737 . 17 — 44,066.91 Experimental Fur Farm 1,167.50 $715,462.83 [1] DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 For information and purposes of comparison, the following table sets forth a statement of total revenues and expenditures of the Department in each of the past five years, 1927 to 1931, inclusive: Revenue Expenditure Surplus 1927 $721,576.25 733,259.75 775,374.80 775,862 84 715,462.83 $492,472.88 518,054.96 607,835.95 687,545.90 744,069.96 $229,103.37 1928 215,204.79 1929 '. 167,538.85 1930 88,316 94 1931 From the foregoing table it will be noted that during the year reported upon, owing to considerably decreased revenues and increased expenditures, the latter attributable to the expanding activities and undertakings of the Department, there was an adverse balance of some $28,607.13, though had the usual annual revenues collected by us been maintained at the level of the two previous years, they would have been sufficient to provide for the expenditures required for all our operations. A study of the detailed figures indicates that more than one-half of the reduction in revenue collected in 1931 as compared with 1930 is accounted for in the reduction of the amount collected from the sale of non-resident hunting and angling licenses to visitors to this Province, for we find that while in 1930 some $281,159.75 was received from this source, this amount had decreased to $248,748.65 in 1931. Comment on the reason for this particular reduction would be superfluous. STATISTICS Various statistical tables will be found appended to this report, which tables are informative to the extent that they contain details as to the several species and quantities of fish fry and fingerlings raised in the hatcheries maintained and operated under the supervision of the Fish Culture Branch of this Depart- ment. In addition, there is information as to the designation and location of the many waters in which these fry and fingerlings have been deposited for re-stocking purposes. There are also statistical tables in connection with the commercial branch of our fisheries. At various places throughout the report will be noted statistics regarding many other aspects of Departmental activities. All of these figures have been most carefully assembled and prepared, and will be of considerable interest and value to those concerned. GAME The following table shows the number of large game hunting licenses which have been issued throughout Ontario during the past five years. 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 Resident moose Resident deer Non-resident hunting 1,379 21,111 2,237 1,371 21,867 1,721 1,356 22,164 1,975 1,424 26,213 2,015 1,446 26,436 1,766 1932 ANNUAL REPORT. 1931 One could be excused if from a study of these figures the decision arrived at was to the effect that this Province offered many opportunities to the sports- man to gratify his hunting instinct and fulfil his desire along these lines. The following is a brief summary of conditions throughout the year under review as they have affected game birds and animals, and which has been com- piled from reports prepared and submitted by the District Superintendents of the Department: Deer. — Apparently there is little general change in conditions affecting deer, though reports do indicate improvement in the northwestern sections. These animals are also increasing in number in the closed areas of Southern Ontario. In the more accessible portions of the Province in which deer hunting is permitted there is a noticeable reduction in the numbers of these animals. Moose. — Conditions remained fairly steady, the northwestern section accounting for the larger percentage of the hunting of this species. Caribou. — The close season has continued, and in view of the fact that little, if any, improvement is noticeable, such close season on these animals would appear to be necessary and desirable. Ruffed Grouse {Partridge). — Reports from all sections contain the informa- tion that these birds are plentiful, and that conditions during the year showed improvement. Sharp-tailed Grouse {Prairie Chicken). — Reports are to the effect that members of this species are to be found in Northwestern Ontario as well as the northern portion of the District of Cochrane, in which sections their numbers would appear to be increasing. Quail. — Reported only in the southwestern counties of Southern Ontario where conditions have shown some slight improvement. Ducks. — While numbers show some fluctuation in various sections, generally speaking there was not much change in conditions affecting these birds in Ontario. The mild weather which was prevalent during the regular hunting season was to a large extent responsible for the restricted catch. Pheasaftts {Ring-necked) . — These birds are becoming very widely distributed in all the southern counties of Western Ontario, and improvement in conditions and increase in numbers have been reported. Present evidences of the existence of these birds would indicate that the efforts to provide for their extended distribution is meeting with favourable results, especially in the more southerly and southeasterly sections of the Province. During the year under review, arrangements were completed for the transfer of the Departmental work of propagation from Eugenia (Gre>- County) and with the establishment of the Bird Farm at Codrington (Northumberland County) this work will now be undertaken at the latter place and distribution of eggs and birds undertaken from that point. It is quite conceivable that the success which has thus far been attained in the establishment of this species in our Province would not have followed the efforts of the Department had it not been for the willingness of interested private indixiduals to co-operate to the extent of j^roviding facilities for the hatching of the eggs and care of the young t)irds until they were in a position to pro\'ide for themselves, and a reference to the records shows that in 1931 more than 4 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. Q 14,000 pheasant eggs were distributed to 857 applicants, while live birds liberated at various points last year numbered three hundred and thirty. Hungarian Partridge. — The work of propagating this species for establish- ment in this Province is still largely in the experimental stage, being carried on as yet principally at the Bird Farm at Normandale (Norfolk County), and supplemented with such work on a smaller scale at the Bird Farm previously referred to, at Codrington. A few of these birds were also distributed at various points during the year. Plover and Snipe. — These birds continue to be very scarce. Rabbits. — Conditions fluctuated and while their numbers appear to have decreased in the southwestern counties, in the remainder of the Province, generally speaking, conditions have shown some improvement. FURS While the total number of pelts taken during 1931 showed an increase over the preceding year, that increase is not a true indication of conditions, as in practically all species save muskrat and mink, the catch showed a considerable decline. Some of the decrease would, of course, be attributable to the fact that there were fewer trappers in the field, the deflated value of pelts probably having an effect in this direction. However, it would appear to be essential that strict observance of all existing trapping and close season regulations should be required and enforced if the present output of fur from this Province is to be maintained, and it is not anticipated that any difficulty will be encount- ered in securing the necessary co-operation to this end, especially in view of the fact that these regulations are neither arduous nor unreasonable. The following is a summary of conditions as they apply to fur-bearing animals as reported by District Superintendents: Bear.— The number of this species taken again shows some decrease, though conditions as to their existence would indicate increasing numbers, especially in the northern and northwestern sections of the Province. Beaver. — Catch shows some decline. Reports this year, as in previous years, indicate increasing numbers in that section of the Province in which the protection of an entire close season is provided, while conditions in that portion of Ontario in which trapping is permitted during an open season point to diminishing numbers therein. Fisher. — Catch again shows decrease and it would appear that conditions as they affect this species are unfavourable. Reports are to the effect that numbers are diminishing practically throughout the entire Province. Fox. — Catch again shows considerable decline and from reports received the numbers of fox are decreasing in practically every section. Lynx. — Very scarce in all sections, with annual catch continuing to decrease. Marten. — Very few of this species now taken. Numbers are decreasing in practically all sections, and everywhere they are very scarce. Mink. — Conditions respecting this species show slight improvement in some districts, and while their numbers are not too plentiful, more were taken during the year now reported on than in the three previous years. 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 Muskrat. — Generally speaking, conditions showed some improvement during this year, as is indicated by the increased catch which compares very favourably with that of previous seasons. Otter. — The catch during the year showed twenty-five per cent, decrease. As in the case of beaver, there is some slight improvement in protected areas which is not evident in the far north of the Province where an open season is provided. Raccoon. — This species prevails only in that portion of the Province to the south of the French and Mattawa Rivers and Lake Nipissing where con- ditions during the year were rather unfavourable so far as increasing numbers are concerned. Catch declined very noticeably. Skunk. — The catch of this species declined very considerably, and while in certain portions of the southern section of the Province conditions show some improvement, such conditions do not apply in a general way. Weasel. — The catch has declined rapidly in the past two years, indicating decreasing numbers of this species. The following table compares, for the past six years, pelts of fur-bearing animals, other than those which were ranch-raised, on which royalty was paid: 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 Bear Beaver Fisher Fox (cross) Fox (red) Fox (silver or black) Fox (white,) Fox (not specified). . Lynx Marten Mink Mluskrat Otter Raccoon Skunk Weasel Wolverine Total 1,635 27,597 2,618 4,175 30,535 620 226 165 3,884 3,177 65,299 387,022 4,304 21,002 75,503 63,599 11 691,372 1,472 20,738 3,904 3,502 26,112 403 977 136 4,568 3,261 37,628 469,947 3,168 15,958 59,488 72,645 15 1,575 22,040 5,400 4,116 25,943 646 590 160 3,845 3,492 32,009 514,161 4,510 13,513 79,442 79,425 19 1,888 17,348 4,343 1,606 14,550 197 16 132 1,718 2,738 29,893 714,019 4,562 13,653 75,773 117,053 6 1,594 17,493 2,510 1,188 11,076 154 116 106 871 1,770 30,226 643,999- 3,986 13,757 72,667 99,704 9 723,922 790,886 999,495 901,226 883 15,304 1,544 799 8,441 97 620 107 799 1,191 34,271 723,525 2,998 10,871 55,734 74,295 9 931,282 Information received by the Department shows that these 1931 pelts were worth to the trapper some $1,756,979.32, again showing a considerable reduction in value. In addition to the above, the total of ranch-raised silver and black foxes, dressed or exported, and upon which royalty is not payable, was 10,600; 8,233 of which were exported from the Province, the balance of 2,367 being dressed in Ontario. It is estimated that these pelts had a value of vS397,818.00, which also marks a reduction in value in comparison with the previous year. DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 FUR FARMING This is a branch of industry authorized and licensed under the provisions of the Game and Fisheries Act, and while this work is but of recent origin in this Province, there w^ould appear to be every indication that it is developing along sound lines and becoming very thoroughly established. The number of licensed premises operating as fur farms has shown a steady increase from year to year, and in 1931 there were 1,609 such farms licensed under our jurisdiction. It is interesting to note that every fur-bearing animal, which is native to the Province, is now represented on these farms. An Experimental Fur Farm is maintained by the Department at Kirkfield (Victoria County) to which institution the fur-farmer is welcome to bring his problems and difificulties for advice. The work of this Experimental Fur Farm will be submitted in another section of this report. Fur Farmers' licenses issued during the past five years are as follows: 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 986 1,148 1,360 1,557 1,609 and the following is a table which shows the numbers of the various animals reported to be stocked on these licensed fur farms as at December 31st, in each of the years specified: Animals Stocked on Licensed Fur Farms as at December 31st 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 Beaver 142 48 444 314 9,664 56 2 826 1,107 619 91 7 21 4 98 54 ' ' '353 365 12,555 60 6 1,247 2,016 "831 62 13 20 2 4 93 67 3 385 489 16,457 107 5 3,068 2,163 2 1,337 22 13 ""37 7 66 57 "501 561 20,026 94 6 7,184 1,821 ' 1,481 9 9 30 9 58 Fisher 74 Fitch 89 Fox (cross) 582 Fox fred) 562 Fox (silver black) 17 414 Fox (blue) 42 Lvnx 4 Mink 7 198 Muskrat 1,359 Otter Raccoon 1,486 12 Skunk Bear 25 Marten 40 Weasel (ermine) Badger 6 Total * 13 ,345 *17,686 *24,255 *3 1,854 *28,951 ''Exclusive of muskrat and beaver in semi-captivity CROWN GAME PRESER\'ES The system of setting apart lands as Crown Game Preserves for the complete protection of all game, birds and animals, with the exception of vermin, thereon was originally instituted in this Province during the year 1917, when the Pease- marsh and Miner Crown Game Preserves were established. In the intervening period there has been considerable expansion of this policy so that to-day we 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 find that there are 3,756,464 acres within the confines of the present existing fifty-six Crown Game Preser\es throughout Ontario, in which the protection to which previous reference has been made is now provided. Of this amount, an area of 259,650 acres was included in the following seven Game Preserves established during 1931. viz.: — Abitibi (District of Cochrane), Mud Branch (Count)- of Oxford). Quinte (County of Hastings). Rideau (Counties of Grenville, Carleton and Lanark), The Bog (County of Leeds), Westmount (County of Middlesex), and Yarmouth (County of Elgin); while extension of the existing Rockcliffe, Masonville and Innisfree Game Preserves was responsible for the addition during the year of a further 1,798 acres. Reports of our field officers are to the effect that these Sanctuaries are of increasing value to the various sections in which they are located as affording refuge for wild life and thereby an opportunity to develop and increase in number; and the continued expansion of the work would indicate a growing realization of the benefits which are to be derived therefrom. WOLF BOUNTIES During 1931, the Department received applications for the payment of bounty on 2,751 wolves, an increase of some eight per cent, over the total of the previous year. The increase in bounty to S25.00 per pelt on wolves over the age of three months, which had been provided where the animals had been taken under certain conditions during 1930, was made applicable to all such wolf pelts taken in the Province from and after June 1st, 1931, with the result that the total amount paid for bounty during the year was considerably in excess of the amount thus paid in the previous year. Under present existing conditions wolf trapping is possibly the most remunerative branch of the industry so far as the trapper himself is concerned. Reference must again be made to the fact that the large majority of wolf pelts upon which applications for bounty are received by the Department are from animals taken in the extreme north- western section of the Province. Following is a comparative statement of pelts received and bounties paid during the past five years: Timber Brush Pups Total Bounties For fiscal year ending October 3 1st, 1927 .... For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1928. . . . For fiscal year ending October 3 1st, 1929 .... For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1930. . . . -For fiscal year ending October 3 1st, 1931 . . . . 1,041 1,231 1,165 1,070 1,376 4,414 4,878 2,389 1,458 1,336 59 64 34 23 39 5,514 6,173 3,588 2,551 2,751 $82,970 07 91,297.27 53,495.13 38,074.77 55,873.80 ENFORCEMEXT OF THE ACT For purposes of administration and enforcement, there are seven divisions of the Province, each under the direct supervision of a District Superintendent, headquarters of which officials are located, respectively, at London, Orillia, Ottawa, North Bay, Sault Ste. Marie, Fort William and Sioux Lookout. During the year, the enforcement of the provisions and regulations of The Ontario Game and Fisheries Act was, generally speaking, performed in an efficient and satisfactory manner by the o\erseers whose particular duties are along these lines. The number of officers charged with the general work of enforcement 8 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 is supplemented by several seasonal officers, engaged for limited periods during the Spring and Fall spawning and deer hunting seasons, when more adequate supervision of fishing and hunting activities is demanded. In addition to the duties which are performed by these paid officers, the Department finds it necessary to appoint Deputy Game and Fishery Wardens to assist in the work of securing observance of our regulations. During 1931 there were four hundred and five such appointments, and the voluntary duties undertaken by these appointees and the splendid co-operation rendered by them is of inestimable value to the enforcement service. A goodly proportion of these appointees are members of Fish and Game Protective Associations, and their interest in the advancement of departmental activities is responsible for a measure of assistance which it would be difficult to duplicate, and which is, therefore, greatly appreciated. In 1,276 cases in which parties were apprehended and charged with violations of fish and game regulations, convictions were secured, and fines and costs assessed, as set forth in the statement of revenue submitted previously in this report. In 1,768 cases seizures of goods and equipment were made, and a summary of the articles involved is as follows: Pelts 5,228 Fire-arms.... 523 Deer and Moose hides 27 Boats, — gasoline 10 Live Animals and Birds 60 row 27 Fish lbs. 11,766 Canoes 5 Fish no. 1,813 Punts 10 Gill nets pes. 407 Motor cars 14 Gill nets yds. 10,090 Jack-lights and lanterns 58 Dip nets 52 Deer and Moose 26 Hoop nets 20 Venison lbs. 560 Seine nets 31 Moose-meat lbs. 1,040 Trap nets 9 Partridges 309 Roll nets 14 Geese and Ducks 43 Hooks 3,744 Pheasants 35 Spears 142 Decoys 66 Rods and lines 110 Ammunition (rounds) 470 Creels 6 Rabbits 35 Tackle Boxes 11 Squirrels 21 Traps 1,882 Miscellaneous 81 In accordance with the usual practice, confiscated articles, except in those cases in which they were sold to the former owners, were disposed of by tender at sales which were given publicity and advertised in the press. Notice of these sales was also given through the offices of our District Superintendents. The amount derived from these sales is shown in the statement of revenue included in this report. REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL FUR FARM In spite of the decline in pelt values during the past two years, there has been a steady and increasing demand for technical information from those interested in fur farming. Economic conditions, however, have forcibly brought attention to the necessity of reducing overhead expenses in many directions. There are many indications that foxes and other animals having inferior productive qualities and pelts of low value have been retained from year to year throughout the fur farms of the Province. The time has arrived when such animals must be strictly eliminated, if operations are to continue at a profit, and in some cases the purchase of individuals of higher grade in order 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 9 to raise the prevailing standards of quality, is timely. Feeding is also being reduced to the essential elements required for satisfactory nutrition. There has been a steady improvement in feeding methods employed by fox breeders during the past few years, both in the uniformity of the ration and from a realization of the dangers of feeding contaminated and spoiled food. Compared with previous years, very few cases of food poisoning are now reported or sent for autopsy to the Fur Farm. On the other hand, many specimens examined from mink ranches indicate that beginners have not yet grasped the significance of feeding only pure food. It is becoming apparent that mink are subject to a number of conditions requiring investigation. Distemper, while not prevalent, has made its appearance from time to time during the year. Another disease which appears to be connected with a deficiency in the diet, is frequently met with. Preliminary investigations of this condition have given encouraging results. These investigations will be continued in the hope that control measures will ultimately be found. Con- siderable work has been accomplished regarding the nutritional requirements of mink and will be continued during 1932. An attempt to identify and provide a workable key to the more common internal parasites found in fur-bearing animals was undertaken during the year. This was considered necessary as the first step towards prevention and possible elimination of these parasites in ranch-bred animals. Considerable attention has been given to some of the common parasites affecting foxes, with the object of applying preventive methods to the best advantage. Pneumonia in AT ink Respiratory diseases are frequently met with in mink. Congestion of the lungs is common in the summer months and lobar pneumonia in the late fall and spring, when the weather is variable with somewhat alternating periods of rain and frost. Symptoms . — These are somewhat similar to those occurring in congestion of the lungs. The mink, previously in apparently good health, suddenly refuses to eat and dies within twenty-four to forty-eight hours. Shallow, quick breathing has been noticed in some cases, and also a decided weakness in the hind quarters. Brain symptoms, characterized by stupor and walking or chasing in circles may also be present. The owner, however, may notice very few, if any, symptoms, due to the mink's habit of remaining in the nest box when sick. Generally his first and only indication of trouble is to find the animal dead in the nest box. Post-mortem. — The lungs are usually distended with areas of consolidation, which are firm and easily cut. Other areas are mottled in appearance and have a granular texture when cut. The impression of the ribs is often seen on the lung tissue. The bronchial glands are swollen and grayish in colour. The bronchi and trachea, in all cases examined, were filled with a blood-stained exudate. A serous fluid in the thoracic cavity may be present and the blood vessels of the heart are prominent, due to engorgement with blood. The intestines and stomach are often empty or contain very little food. A slight gastrointestinal catarrh is frequently present. Prevention. — The condition is brought about by the mink running in and out of the nest box during wet, cold weather. The bedding subsequently becomes wet and damp and the mink chilled. Once the resistance of the animal is lowered, pneumonia takes place. Every effort has to be made during these periods to keep the bedding changed frequently and the nest box dry. Alterations in the 10 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 construction of the mink house are sometimes advisable to provide better protection from the weather. Iodine Poisoning in Mink Recently our attention has been drawn to a toxic condition occurring in mink caused by the excessive use of iodine. The use of this drug has been widely advocated among fox and mink breeders as a preventive against certain diet deficiency conditions. These conditions are claimed to be caused by a lack of iodine in the system, due to the improper functioning of the thymus gland. This gland supplies the necessary iodine required for normal nutritional metabolism, and if lacking, nervousness, and an enlargement of the glands, particularly the thyroid, result. It is also advocated that a sufficient quantity of iodine is necessary to counteract poisons which may form in the body during the digestion of food. There appears to be little evidence either practical or experimental that fur-bearing animals are subject to iodine deficiency, and if it be used in the daily rations it should be administered with care and precision. The following correspondence is typical of a number of cases dealt with during the past year. "I am operating a fur farm and last spring I was advised to feed my mink at least one drop each daily of tincture of iodine and was told that I could feed one drop three times a day with safety. This advice was given by a person who should have a fair knowledge of the amount and effect of iodine when used as a drug for mink. I fed each mink one drop daily all last spring and summer and several of my largest feeders, which would probably get more than one drop became nearly naked, in fact one lost all of his fur and was as hairless as when born. One yearling lost his teeth and several of them died near fall. Would this condition be caused by the iodine I have been giving my mink?" If iodine in practically any form is given to any animal in fairly large doses and for a considerable period of time, toxic effects may be manifested or a condition termed "iodism" may result. This is evidenced by a dry scurfy condition of the skin, the fur becomes harsh, dry and stairy in appearance. The eyes are reddened and watery, the appetite becomes dull and the affected animal will abstain from taking water. On post-mortem the tissue appears to be somewhat dried out. A slight inflammation and catarrhal condition of the nasal passages and pharynx are in evidence. The lining of the stomach and intestines show inflammation, also a slight gelatinous substance may be found adhering to the mucosa, which indicates a catarrhal condition. The stomach appears contracted and contains no food. The intestines also appear somewhat shrunken and may contain soft watery faeces. If mink owners are of the opinion that their mink require iodine in order to maintain the proper functioning of the body, "potassium iodide" is perhaps the best form of iodine to use. It may be prepared for mink as follows: Take one ounce of potassium iodide and dissolve in one quart of water. Take one ounce of this solution and make up to one quart with water. One ounce of this weak solution is probably sufficient for the daily iodine requirements of thirty to forty mink. This can be mixed with the ration in any way which suits a particular method of feeding, but if possible, attempts should be made to mix it thoroughly with the food. Food Poisoning in Mink Food poisoning appears to be the most common source of mortality among mink at the present time. A few years ago, it was also very common among 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 11 foxes; but due to improved methods of feeding it has largely disappeared on the better managed ranches. No doubt as mink breeders acquire a better under- standing of the underlying causes of diseases, it will tend to become less frequent among their animals. Food poisoning occurs very suddenly and only two or three animals may be affected at one time. Where several mink are affected, the owner may think that he has to deal with a contagious disease. The mink, in all probability, have been in good health and suddenly two or three will be found dead in the nest boxes. The condition may disappear for three or four weeks or even for several months, or it may even have the appearance of a seasonal occurrence. The history and circumstances surrounding the deaths are difficult to explain and the rancher is at a complete loss to understand them. Food poisoning is a condition which affects animals and is caused by the formation of toxic or poisonous substances in food material, usually by bacteria and moulds. When eaten, these bacteria and moulds often cause digestive disturbances of varying degrees of severity. The blood, flesh, or any organ of an animal may acquire poisonous properties through the products of bacterial growth. These poisons can be explained in part by the growth of bacteria in the food stuff and the formation of poisonous products. It should also be understood that under certain conditions, food, which to the eye or nose is not spoiled, may already contain bacteria which may de^•elop in the stomach and intestines of the individual eating the food, resulting in food poisoning. Meat poisoning can occur after the ingestion of meat derived from horses, cattle, or calves which have died, or have been slaughtered at the point of death, usually as the result of some disease. If the disease is of bacterial origin the danger of feeding such meat is obvious, but there is considerable evidence that such animals are frequently used as food. Another group of food poisoning cases is associated with putrefactive changes, which, unlike the former group, are quite noticeable to the feeder. The meat or fish, as the case may be, is obviously bad; it has a slimy appearance and an offensive odour. This is apt to take place with meat or fish that has been repeatedly thawed out and frozen in periods of changeable weather during early fall and late spring. In some cases only small areas may be affected but these are sufficient to kill two or three mink. During these periods of repeated thawings, the chemical composition of the meat will become changed and form a media favourable for the growth of poisonous bacteria which have been kept in check by freezing. This is especially true of horse meat on account of its high sugar content. Ranchers may argue that decomposed meat has been fed with no bad results. This may be true in some cases if bacteria of a poisonous nature have not developed in the meat, but the odds against this happening are much too great for the rancher to take the risk. Animals pre\iously treated with drugs such as coal oil, turpentine, str>chnine and other stimulants, which become diffused through the flesh in a short time after administration, when fed to mink may cause death. Such meats are usually difficult to keep from spoiling. Alouldy and ropy bread is one of the most insidious forms of food poisoning encountered in mink. Bread may, to all external appearances, appear to be (|uite fit for food but in realty may be very dangerous. Ropy bread when rolled between the fingers will be moist and stick\- and have a sickly, sourcdour. It spreads into small fine threads which have a spider web appearance. When mixed with milk and allowed to stand for a while, it 12 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 soon ferments, the milk becoming curdled. This is especially the case if it is left in the sun. The condition is caused by bacteria in the bread. Flour kept in large bakeries has been known to contain the organism and when made into bread, the bread becomes ropy. The bacterium is claimed to be harmless to humans, but severe outbreaks of a convulsive nature have occurred among foxes and mink soon after consuming ropy bread and biscuits known to contain the organism. Moulds in bread or meat produce poisonous substances and when the bread or meat is eaten, symptoms of intoxication follow. Mink have the habit of storing food in their nest boxes, which in time becomes spoiled and consequently leads to food poisoning. In cases of outbreaks among mink the history usually indicates spoiled food as the cause and the symptom.s are fairly constant. The following extracts describing observations in connection with mink that have died of food poisoning bring out the history of such cases very clearly. "Mink appeared very active and was looking well but seemed to take an attack of indigestion, by the way it acted. It was fed frozen herrings that were noticed to be very soft and have a slight foul odour, but they were washed before being fed to make them fresh. The herrings were obtained in a frozen state from a commercial house. At the ranch they were kept in a refrigerator which would only keep them cool, in a little time they would become soft." Another extract states: "Two apparently died suddenly as they were found dead in the nest box. The other one showed sickness for two days. Worms or food poisoning suspected as being the cause of death. Old bear meat had been added to the diet for the two days just previous to the death of the mink. Other mink on ranch were normal." The following case is quite typical of food poisoning: "Mink apparently all right as far as could tell. It was always ready for its feed and ate its evening meal. Was found dead in the nest box the next morning. Some time ago I had two other mink die suddenly. They were also found dead in the nest box. One showed a variable appetite, at times would eat a little food and appear all right." The history of another form of food poisoning which is sometimes met with in mink is as follows: "Two females for about ten days were doing a lot of running about their pens. In a few days they took fits, would run around the pen, roll over a few times and then curl up as if in great pain. During this spasm, their feet and body would be kept in motion. In a few moments the body would relax, then maybe they would get up and walk around the pen for a few minutes after which they would curl up and go to sleep." The symptoms shown in mink affected with food poisoning vary according to the conditions under which the infection takes place. Mink may die without showing any symptoms whatsoever; in these cases they are usually found dead in their pens or nest boxes or they may be seen playing about their pens only to be found dead in a few hours afterwards. Such is the case when very large amounts of toxic materials have been taken into the body. In these cases very few lesions are found on post-mortem examination. Animals may sicken suddenly, often exhibiting manifestations of abdominal pain. These may be so sharp and severe as to lead to maniacal attacks. The symptoms may be accompanied by great prostration; the animal may lie on the floor, stupefied and motionless, or may go into convulsions. Dizziness, muscular contractions, frothing at the mouth are also symptomatic. In prolonged or chronic cases the appetite becomes variable; some meals are taken in a normal manner, then again there may be an entire absence of appetite. Thirst may be either diminished or increased, some animals taking only fresh cool water, others again taking contaminated stale water. Vomiting is sometimes manifested and often occurs after the 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 13 ingestion of food and water. After vomiting, the condition of the animal may seem to improve. Sometimes the animal greedily licks unpalatable, indigestible, bitter, repulsive material, or it may accept only certain kinds of food. Such animals soon appear dull, and manifest nervous disturbances. They may become indifferent to their surroundings, are feeble, do not like to move and often lie quietly in one place. The eyes become sunken and the fur appears dry and rough. The post-mortem findings depend somewhat upon the severity of the disease and the kind of toxin causing the disturbance and the length of time the animal has been ill. In those cases where the animal has been ill only a few hours, very few lesions may be apparent. The carcass may show considerable fat and a good state of nutrition. In the more prolonged cases discernible, pathological lesions are usually evident, and the carcass appears rather thin and emaciated. On opening the abdominal cavity, the blood vessels appear dark and prominent due to engorgement. The stomach may or may not contain food. If the animal died within a very short time after eating, the entire meal may be found in the stomach without apparently any digestive changes having taken place, due to paralysis of the stomach walls. Likewise, the same action takes place in the intestinal tract providing the poison has reached that part of the body. Inflammatory Reactions. — The stomach mucosa may show very slight areas of inflammation usually of a rose-coloured tint. On the other hand, the entire mucosa may show severe inflammation, especially in the region of the pylorus. (Inflammation of the stomach due to food poisoning must not be confused with the natural pinkish tinge of the stomach mucosa caused by the filling of the capillaries with blood which becomes quite marked during digestion.) The stomach wall becomes greatly distended. This is usually an antemortem condition due to certain organisms being present which produce gas. The organism on gaining entrance to the stomach, finds a place where the temperature is ideal for development. Gas formation takes place distending the stomach wall, causing great pain to the animal, and death takes place very suddenly if the condition is not relieved. In those cases where a small amount or no food is present in the stomach, digestion has taken place to a greater or lesser extent before the poison has exerted its action on the system. The stomach mucosa is likely to be covered with a sticky, gelatinous exudate which has a debilitating affect on the body organs and will also coat the food or be mixed with it to some extent. In prolonged cases, lasting for some days, the stomach may be devoid of food but may contain foreign material such as stones, dirt, chewed wood, leaves, straw, etc. The stomach wall may show erosions in these cases. When the toxic substances reach the intestines, inflammation is set up. Small areas, portions, or the entire length of the intestine may be involved. As a rule the duodenum is the portion of the small intestine most frequently aff^ected. Inflammation in the intestines caused from food poisoning assumes colour characteristics similar to those of the stomach mucosa. The areas may become so severely inflammed that it appears as a deep bloody, jelly-like mass, and small hemorrhagic areas may be seen on the external wall of the intestine. In some cases the intestinal wall may appear thickened, the mucosa having a white soft velvety appearance; the substance responsible for this can be scraped from the underlying tissue. The body organs become debilitated in consequence of the severe circulatory disturbances, absorption of toxic, split products of bacterial endotoxins, and of bacteria. The bacteria and toxic substances become absorbed, the epithelium of the gastric and intestinal mucosa is greatly degenerated, the digestion is arrested, and the inflammation extends into the submucosa which is well supplied U DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 with lymph vessels. The toxic substances having reached the digestive tract are then absorbed because they cannot be destroyed by the intestinal epithelial cells, or by the digestive enzymes, because they are present in such very great quantities. The absorption of the bacterial endotoxins and of the products of motion cleavage give rise to injuries affecting the parenchymatous cells. The bacteria which enter the general circulation without being dissolved immediately, may produce local inflammation in distant organs. Hence we may find small petechial hemorrhages in the spleen, kidneys and heart which are very common lesions in these organs when the animal has died from food poisoning. When pathological lesions are present in these organs they are caused by the patho'renic bacteria or their toxins being picked up by the blood stream and carried to these organs where they exert an injurious effect of varying degrees upon the organ tissue. The absence of lesions in these organs indicates that the causative bacteria or their toxins have not been able to reach the more distant organs through the circulation because the action on the animal organism has been so severe that death ensued before they had reached such organs as the spleen, kidneys, etc. In some cases the spleen may show small petechial hemorrhages or it may be enlarged to four times its normal size, greatly thickened and of a tarry black colour. The kidneys may show inflammation and petechial hemorrhages. The liver may be enlarged, swollen, soft and friable, its capsule being broken when handled. Its colour may range from a dark chocolate brown to an ash gray colour or a mottled appearance. The lobules may show quite prominently. It may also show hemorrhagic areas. Small hemorrhagic areas may be found on the heart muscle especially near its base or along the course of the coronary artery. A straw-coloured fluid is cften present in the pericardial sac. Pathology. — Marked hemorrhages and profuse extra\'asations of red blood cells into the surrounding tissues is the most prominent feature seen on micro- scopic examination of sections of tissues taken from mink that died of acute food poisoning. There is a marked engorgement of the blood vessels; their walls appear thin and stretched and in many places they have been destroyed, leaving openings through which a profuse pouring of red blood cells into the surrounding tissues has taken place. In the stomach and intestine, in most places, the points of the crypts are destroyed and in many areas destruction of the entire crypt has taken place. The spaces above are occluded with debris, composed of broken down tissue and red blood cells that have been poured out in huge quantities from between the crypts. The kidney tissue shows cloudy swelling. The cells of the convoluted and collecting tubules are broken from their base and the cellular cytoplasm is seen in various stages of disintegration, the lumen of the tubule becoming obliterated. Extravasation of red blood cells is found throughout the kidney tissue. Marked hemorrhages in many of the glomeruli are noticed. In affected parts of the liver tissue the cytoplasm of the cords in the lobules have lost their definite structure and are for the most part destroyed. Hemorrhages from the blood vessels are present. The central vein and sinusoides are engorged with blood and in many instances to such an extent as to cause the destruction of their characteristic structure. In a spleen that is enlarged, thickened and black in colour, microscopic examination reveals the blood vessels to be extremely engorged and numerous hemorrhages occurring. The cellular differentiation is obliterated. The cytoplasm stains a very deep red colour. 1932 ANNUAL REPORT. 1931 15 The lung tissue shows marked engorgement of all blood vessels. The lobules are separated from one another due to the engorgement of the capillaries. The intense filling of the capillaries causes a stretching of the capillary wall which often ends in its rupture. Extravasation of red blood cells into the surrounding tissue from the ruptured capillary wall takes place. Often a rupture in the walls of the alveoli or air sacs has occurred, and extravasation of red blood cells occurs into the air sac, in some instances completely filling it. Distemper in Mixk An infectious disease of m.ink in many respects closely resembling distemper as seen in the ferret and fitch was reported during the year from several points. One particular outbreak undoubtedly resulted from the introduction of infected fitch into the mink ranch. The ranch is a model one and the animals are given the best of care and attention. No disease had ever been experienced until the fitch were brcught in. Two or three days after the fitch arrived one was noticed to be sick with distemper symptoms. The destruction of the fitch, and "torch" and disinfection of the nest boxes and mink house was advised. This was done, but frcm eight to ten days later several mink were taken sick and died. A number of these were nursing females with litters of young. The symptomiS were very varied as is always the case with epidemics among fur-bearing animals. In some cases there is a distinct swelling around the eyes which may become mucopurulent. In others there is a localization of pus above the eye but it does not affect the eye proper. The vulva in a number of females becomes swollen and red and the feet have a tendency to swell. This swelling is of an emphysematous nature. The guard and underfur in most cases shed off from the base of the neck to the shoulder. This symptom is characteristic of other diseases affecting mink and is often found in malnutrition cases. With some, the appetite is affected but little, and they will eat up to a few hours before death. Diarrhoea is noticeable. The duration of the disease is very irregular. One animal may appear to be quite normal and suddenly give forth a piercing screech, go into convulsions and die in an hour or two. Others may drag on for as long as five weeks. These cases invariably develop severe chorea and die in convulsions. In some cases an emphysematous swelling is seen around the nostrils and in others there is a profuse purulent discharge from the eyes and nostrils. The incubation period appears to be within ten to fourteen days, but this is difficult to estimate under field conditions. The mortality is high, at least thirty per cent., even where strictest precautions regarding isolation and disinfection are taken. A few mink recover after showing symptoms, but the percentage is very small. Post-mortem examinations on fur-bearing animals dying from distemper are very unsatisfactory and the lesions remarkable by their absence. The fact that definite lesions are absent can almost be accepted as diagnostic. The carcass may be thin and emaciated or on the other hand in a good state of nutrition. The brain in some cases appears to be inflamed and the blood vessels engorged, but sections made from these cases showed no microscopic lesions. \A here diarrhoea is present the intestines are inflamed as would be expected. The liver may be yellow and ver\' friable, but this is a common condition in many ailments of the mink. Four ferrets were infected with a brain and spleen emulsion from the infected mink. These animals died showing all symptoms of true distemper as it affects ferrets. 16 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 Treatment. — Removal of all infected and contact animals and thorough disinfection of the premises with "torch" and disinfectants are advised. If, however, the epidemic should take place during the whelping season this is difficult to secure owing to the danger of disturbing the females at this period. The Laidlaw-Dunkin vaccine and serum should be used on all animals showing symptoms of the disease. While we have no data showing the efficiency of the vaccine and serum under controlled experiments, results in the field show sufficient promise to warrant their use without delay. Medicinal treatment is quite useless. REFERENCES (1) Rudolf, J.— Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift, 38, 1930, pp. 728. "Beitrag zur Staupe beim Silberfuchf, Nerz und Waschbaren. (2) Wood, F. W.— J.of the Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc, Vol. LXXVII., N.S. 30, No. 5, November, 1930, pp. 569-586. "Recent Advances in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Canine Distemper." . . , ,, (3) Dalling, T. — Veterinary Record, Vol. XI, No. 42, pp. 1051-1052. "Distemper m Fitch. Tuberculosis in Raccoon Last November, the carcass of a raccoon was brought to the Ontario Experimental Fur Farm for autopsy to see if the cause of death might be determined. The owner stated that several of his raccoon were acting in a manner similar to the one that had died. They all seemed to be wasting away in flesh and were unthrifty. Some were in a very thin condition, while during the summer they all appeared to be healthy and in a good state of nutrition. Their appetite appeared variable, fur dry and roughened, and their eyes appeared dull. All of the animals seemed to have a pronounced hacking cough and some had difficulty in breathing. The raccoon were given all the milk they would drink. This was kept before them in pans all the time, as the owner stated that raccoon seemed to have a preference for milk. The dead raccoon, on autopsy, showed that the carcass was thin. The external body tissue was yellow and jaundiced. On opening the abdominal cavity, a peculiar, flat, sickening odour was noticed. The omentum was a pink red colour with numerous tubercular nodules throughout, their size ranging from an eighth of an inch to one half an inch in diameter, yellow-gray in colour. The mesenteric chain of lymphatic glands was also infected. A large tubercular abscess, about two and one-half inches in diameter, was located in the small intestine. The thoracic cavity was filled with a serous fluid. The lungs were covered with numerous small nodules about the size of pin heads. The sub- maxillary lymph glands were enlarged. The carcass appeared hydremic throughout. In discussing this case with the owner, he stated that he owned one cow which did not appear to be doing well. She was hard to keep in good condition, in spite of the fact that she was well fed and was given a tonic in her feed as a conditioner. During the past year she had frequent attacks of indigestion and at times would become bloated. This cow's milk was used to supply the family, which besides the owner and his wife, consisted of three small children, a baby about one year old, one child three years old and one seven years old. All of the children were fond of milk and drank a considerable amount of it daily. The balance of the milk was used to feed the raccoon. The symptoms shown by the cow are quite diagnostic of bovine tuberculosis. Since the milk from this cow was being fed in large quantities to the raccoon, it is likely they became infected from it. The owner was urgently advised to cease using the milk in his home without delay and to secure milk from a source known to be free from tuberculosis until he could have his own cow tested for tuberculosis. 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 \7 Principles of Breeding In the past very little consideration has been given to the principles of breeding fur-bearing animals. The accepted principles of breeding adapt them- selves very readily to the improvement in the quality of mink, fox and other fur-bearing animals. The principles of selection and line breeding can be followed with excellent results by those who have a knowledge of the subject. Much of the literature written on breeding is highly technical and consequently confusing to many readers. However, if certain principles are clearly understood the practical rancher should experience very little difficulty in putting them into operation with his own breeding stock. When one considers the mating of two animals, he tries to determine what characteristics the offspring from the mating will possess. The results obtained depend upon the ability of the breeder to select two animals which are capable of producing young which will at least be equal in merit to themselves and with the expectations that they may be better. The skilful breeder has the ability, through his knowledge and experience in selecting animals, to detect defects in the parents as well as the desirable points. Until this ability has been acquired there is little hope of continued and steady improvement in the quality of the animals at hand. The important factor which should be given due consideration when selecting stock for mating purposes, is a knowledge of the blood lines of the animals that are to be mated together. This is of great value because it gives a clue to the weak and the strong points found in the different ancestors of the individual animals. we are attempting to select. If there are weak points of a similar nature found in the ancestors of both the male and the female we are going to mate together, it can readily be seen that it would be inadvisable to mate them; the weak points have a double chance of becoming intensified in the offspring. On the other hand strong or desirable points have the same chance of showing up in the offspring. \^ery little progress in breeding can be made unless proper attention is given to the feeding and care of the animals. Undeveloped, weak, narrow chested and deformed individuals have very little resistance to disease and parasites, because of improper care and ill-nourishment. The breeding of such animals would be folly in an attempt to improve the quality of the stock. In animal breeding, specific characters are often transmitted with great exactness from generation to generation. We often observe a distinct peculiarity or likeness such as a certain size, shape or colour repeatedly passed from a parent to its offspring or as this characteristic is often spoken of as "running in the family." This resemblance among individuals related by descent is called heredity. The resemblance between the members of groups of various sizes, races, families or small groups of individuals can often be shown to be due chiefly to relationship and hence to heredity. Whatever characteristics an animal possesses so far as inheritance is concerned, are traceable to its parents. Inheritance is from the race and not from any individual or group of individuals. Inherited characteristics come from both parents and have been passed down the line of descent with each succeeding generation. The\' are handed down unchanged from generation to generation. Females which have a tendency to produce a large number of young at a birth are dependent to some extent on the inheritance from the mother. Such a quality is very desirable in selecting breeding stock and should not be lost sight of when choosing breeding stock. In animal breeding, we have the term "variation" which is the tendency to depart or differ in any particular, from others of their kind. X'ariation is said 18 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 to create new kinds of living things; heredity preserves them. All progress in breeding is based on the law of variation. No two animals are exactly alike; a close examination will always re^•eal that they differ to some degree. By making good use of these differences the breeder can turn them to his own advantage. It is this variation in the individual that enables us to select parents possessing the characteristics we desire to obtain in the offspring. This method is termed selection and is one of the safest for gradually raising the standard of the ranch. It is a very poor policy to mate a good animal to a poor one, with the idea of getting fair, average stock. The outstanding males and females should be mated together and from the results of such matings, careful selection, accompanied by line and in-breeding, can then be attempted. A great deal of confusion exists among breeders regarding these two terms, for the very good reason that no two writers on the subject appear to make use of the same definitions. Generally speaking two methods may be employed: one where in-breeding is confined to the mating of some degree of cousins; the other where the relationship becomes closer, such as sire to daughter, dame to son and brother to sister. It is immaterial from a practical standpoint what either system is called; the main point for the breeder to grasp is that it is not advisable to breed brothers and sisters or animals that are too closely related. Experienced breeders, who are first class judges of their animals and know what true value to place upon a pedigree, may practise close-in breeding on occasions and secure excellent results in some cases, but it is not to be recom- mended for the average rancher. Close in-breeding can only meet with success if the owner has the ability to determine -whether or not the desirable qualities expected will offset any defects that will tend to become concentrated in the offspring. The safer method is to mate no closer relationship than first cousins. For example, there may be two outstanding females on the ranch, full sisters to each other and mated with two males of good quality. The pups from the mating are first cousins and provided they show desirable qualities, they can be inte.- mated with each other. By mating these cousins we are concentrating what appears to be high-class breeding stock. From this generation we can carry on indefinitely the mating of animals not closer than cousins, and yet having common ancestry behind them of known worth. This method of breeding, combined with the culling of all low grade animals which inevitably appear from time to time in the best of stock, will result in a steady improvement in ranches where it is practised. These ideas are not only applicable for the improvement in pelt value, but can be used to eliminate undesirable characteristics as small producers, pup carrying, indifferent mothers, cannibalism, and noisy nervous foxes, etc. Such traits can be intensified or eliminated to a great extent by selection and wise breeding. Congestion of the Lungs in Mink This condition became very prevalent among mink during the extreme heat waves experienced in the months of July and August. Mink carcasses were received for examination from all parts of the Province of Ontario and the Maritimes, showing a pronounced congestion of the lungs due to heat stroke and heat prostration. Symptoms. — The majority of these cases were females that had been left with their young and in some cases were still nursing. Some of them were 1932 ANNUAL REPORT. 1931 19 evidently in a run down condition and quite thin. The mink had previously been in normal health, becoming dull and showing a distinct disinclination for food. A weakness in the hind quarters may develop and convulsions may set in a few hours before death. Others may die in a comatic condition. The mink is usually found lying stretched out on its side in the nest box. In most fatalities the body assumes a curled-up position. Autopsy. — The thoracic cavity is invariably filled with a blood-tinged serous fluid. The lungs are swollen and red; when incised, a frothy, blood- stained exudate oozes out. Trachea and bronchi are often partially filled \vith the same exudate. Other organs are usually normal. Prevention. — The construction of many mink houses afforded no protection from the direct rays of the sun, other than the nest box. In hot weather the nest box becomes over-heated and humid, the mink succumbing to heat prostration. Should the mink remain in the unprotected run, sun stroke with accompanying congestion of the lungs occurs. If possible, natural shade should be provided for the house, but if it is not available, artificial shade should be erected. It is essential that fresh, clean drinking water be provided at all times. The young should be weaned from the female at seven to eight weeks and not allowed to run in the same pen with her. Lymphatic Leukemia in the Raccoon An autopsy made on a male raccoon at the time of pelting revealed the presence of a greatly enlarged spleen. The surface appeared roughened, due to irregularly defined elevations, the summits of which appeared white. On cutting into the organ it seemed to be somewhat harder than normal. The cut surface was a pale brownish-red colour, permeated with white, the hard areas measuring from about one-eighth inch to a quarter of an inch in diameter. Sections examined microscopically revealed practically no normal spleenic tissue. This was replaced by areas having no definite structure surrounded by trabecula. The weight of this organ was 33.3 grams as compared with 41 grams, which is the normal weight of the spleen from an animal of the same weight. The liver was pale red in colour, slightly enlarged, somewhat firmer than normal and contained a number of well defined white areas. The intestines and kidneys appeared anemic. The animal which appeared to be in failing health, was small in size and had a stunted unthrifty appearance. It belonged to a litter of four raccoon born last spring. The other three were thrifty and well developed for their age. They, along with their mother, were caught in the wilds and sent to the Ontario Experimental Fur Farm last September where they were kept together in a pen until pelted. Mink Post-Mortem Diagnoses No. of Animals Dia^aosis 20 Pneumonia 22 Congestion of the lungs 19 Parasitism 23 Food poisoning 2 Ulcerated stomach 2 Nephritis 14 Distemper 2 Rachitis 2 Metritis 1 Peritonitis 5 Oedema of the sheath 3 Dental conditions 20 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 Parasites of Fur-Bearing Animals The economic importance which fur farming has assumed during the past decade makes it highly desirable that a survey of parasites affecting fur-bearing animals of Ontario should be made. This publication is an attempt to further the existing knowledge of the subject. During the past four years, numerous post-mortem examinations have been done on both trapped and ranch-raised animals. The following descriptions and drawings are made from parasites which have been found chiefly in mink and muskrats. The authors are of the opinion that due to the inaccessibility and scantiness of the literature pertaining to fur-bearing animals, much of which is out of print, they are justified in duplicating any work along this line which has been done previously by other workers in the field. Experience has shown that both the mink and muskrat are heavily parasitized, and very seldom is one of them found free from worms, in the wild state. Some of these worms, particularly Dioctophyme renale, Filarioides bronchialis and certain others, must take a heavy toll among mink in the wild state; but their control or eradication would seem to be practical only under ranching conditions. Fur farmers are mainly interested in the preventive point of view, but the first step in this direction must be a thorough knowledge of the extent and types of worms affecting their animals. It is hoped that this report will achieve something in this respect. To Dr. Maurice C. Hall and Dr. Emmett W. Price, Zoological Division, Bureau of Animal Industry, Washington, D.C., we are deeply indebted for the identification of these worms and without their aid it would have been impossible to attempt this publication. We are also indebted to them for the reading of the manuscript and for many helpful suggestions and assistance given to us during the past four years. a ^1^ 1 FB r -.7 \ \'4 L. Fig. 1. — Filarioides bronchialis: fb., Worms in situ; h., Heart; !., Lungs; pa., Pulmonary artery. (Original, Law and Kennedy.) 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 21 Filarioides bronchialis (Gmelin 1790) {Filarioides mustelarum Rud., 1819). These parasites are commonly found in trapped mink and occur as a small knot of closely intertwined worms lying below the mucosa of the trachea and bronchi and also on the surface of the pulmonary vein. Great difficulty is encountered in the removal and clearing of these w^orms and a study of their morphology has not been attempted. The worm is viviparous. The uterine eggs measure from 0.067 mm. to 0.078 mm. in length by 0.042 mm. to 0.045 mm. in breadth. They are ellipsoidal in shape, thin-shelled and contain undeveloped larvae. iOX '^"^ fer Fig. 2. — -Plagiorchis proximns: os., Oral sucker; ph., Pharynx; ce., Ceca; gp., Genital pore; cs., Cirrus sac; vs., \'entral sucker; ov., Ovary ; ut.. Uterus; t., Testes; vit., X'itellaria. (Original, Law and Kennedy.) Plagiorchis proximus. Barker, 1915. Frequently found in duodenum of mink and muskrat trapped in the vicinity of Kirkfield, Ontario. Length 1.32 mm. to 1.51 mm., width anterior to testes 0.45 mm. to 0.65 mm. elongate piriform, tapering anteriorly. Testes are rounded and lie obliquely to each other in the posterior region, measuring 0.126 mm. to 0.145 mm. long by 0.097 mm. in width. Ovary round, situated laterally and anterior to testes, 0.145 mm. to 0.155 mm. in diameter; vitellaria e.xtends anterior to ventral sucker to the posterior end of body. Oral sucker 0.174 mm. to 0.194 mm. in diameter; ventral sucker 0.076 mm. in diameter. Cirrus sac narrow and long, terminating near the xentral sucker. Pharynx and oesophagus of equal length, 0.067 mm. to 0.065 mm. Eggs pale yellow in colour with a well defined shell, measuring from 0.033 mm. to 0.036 mm. in length by 0.020 mm. to 0.022 mm. in width. 22 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 UT GP Fig. 3. — Euparyphhim meiis: os., Oral sucker; p., Pharynx; d., Spines; e., Oesophagus; c, Cirrus sac; sv., Seminal vesicle; vs., Ventral sucker; ce., Ceca; ut., Uterus; gp., Mehlis gland; t., Testes; ov., Ovary; vit., \'itellaria. (Original, Law and Kennedy.) 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 23 Eiiparyphium melis. Schrank, 1788. Found in duodenum of mink in the vicinity of Kirkfield, Ontario. Length 5.52 mm. to 6.01 mm., width anterior to testes, 1.057 mm. to 1.076 mm. Oral sucker well defined and muscular; length 0.300 mm. to 0.329 mm., width 0.329 mm. to 0.358 mm. Head crown has a double row of spines. Pharynx short and bulbous; length 0.213 mm. to 0.223 mm., width 0.184 mm. to 0.194 mm. Oesophagus length 0.426 mm. to 0.446 mm. X'entral sucker well de- ORlOIN/iU DCPT Of- GAME ANO nSHCRlCS ONTARIO Fig. 4. — Nudacotyle novicia: os., Oral sucker; oes., Oesophagus; ce.,Ceca; ut., Uterus; vit., Vitellaria; cs. Cirrus sac; t., Testes; sg., Shell gland: ov., Ovary. (Original, Law and Kennedy.) veloped, length 0.679 mm. to 0.776 mm., width 0.620 mm. to 0.776 mm. Testes tandem, elliptical ; length 0.543 mm. to 0.582 mm., width 0.523 mm. to 0.552 mm. Anterior testis situated about the equator of the body with posterior testis extending into the posterior region of the body. Ovary situated in the median line and lying in the indentation of anterior testis, length 0.114 mm., width 0.349 mm. Vitellaria extending from the posterior end of the body to a short distance posterior to the ventral sucker. Cirrus sac pouch-like, terminating anterior to ventral sucker. Cuticle covered with small spines from the anterior end of the body to the posterior end of the ventral sucker. 24 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 Eggs not numerous, yellow in colour, situated between the ventral sucker and the anterior testis, length 0.077 mm. to 0.126 mm., width 0.048 mm. to 0.097 mm. Niidacotyle novicia. Barker. 1916. A very small monostome found frequently in the duodenum of muskrats, 0.708 mm. to 0.727 mm. long by 0.329 mm. to 0.388 mm. wide. The anterior end is rounded, tapering towards a small oral sucker. Posteriorly the body terminates very bluntly. It is distinctly convex dorsally. The oral sucker is cone-shaped and connected to the ceca by a short fleshy oesophagus. The ceca are comparatively large and bifurcate in a bell-shaped manner, ending in the middle region of the body. Testes situated opposite to each other in the postero- lateral region of the body. The ovary lies between the testes, with shell gland anterior to it. The cirrus sac is large and lies transversely slightly below the middle region of the body. The uterine loops occupy the entire width of the body for some distance anterior to the cirrus sac. The eggs measure from 0.020 mm. to 0.023 mm. long by 0.011 mm. to 0.012 mm. wide. Catatropis filamentis. Barker, 1915. Transparent monostome found in the small intestines of muskrats. Fresh specimens measure from 2.15 mm. to 3.05 mm. in length by 0.873 mm. to 0.970 mm. in width. Oral sucker subterminal from 0.116 mm. to 0.145 mm. in diameter. Oesophagus 0.107 mm. to 0.130 mm. in length. Three rows of flat papillae on ventral surface. Cecum bifurcates a short distance anterior to the genital pore, continuing in an undulating manner to the posterior end of the body. Cirrus sac long and narrow. Uterine loops occupy the intercecal space between the base of the cirrus and the shell gland. Mtellaria extracecal extend from slightly posterior to middle of body and end in front of the testis. The testes are dendritic in shape located opposite to each other in the posterior region and are extracecal. Ovary rounded to oval and is directly between the testes. The shell gland large and anterior to the ov'ary. Excretory canal irregular in shape and posterior to the ovary. Eggs small and transparent measuring from 0.020 mm. to 0.022 mm. in length by 0.010 mm. to 0.011 mm. in width. Notocotyle qiiinqiieserilae. Barker and Laughlin, 1915. Transparent monostomes found in the small intestines and cecum of musk- rats, measure from 2.08 mm. to 3.06 mm. in length, and from 0.54 mm. to 0.82 mm. in width in fresh specimens. The body tapers to the oral sucker and rounds quite bluntly. A prominent characteristic is five longitudinal rows of papillae situated on the ventral surface. The oral sucker subterminal from 0.223 mm. to 0.271 mm. in diameter. Pharynx absent. Ceca undulating, arising a short distance below the oral sucker terminating bluntly in the posterior region. Cirrus sac long and narrow. Vitellaria scanty, situated in posterior half of body and covering a space of approximately 0.63 mm. Testes lobed, measuring 0.329 mm. in length. The ovary, round or oval, situated between the testes, with shell gland round and directly in front of it. Uterine loops bounded laterally by the vitellaria and occupying approximately the same length of space. Eggs, thin shelled and transparent, measure from 0.018 mm. to 0.022 mm. in length by 0.009 mm. to 0.013 mm. in width. 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 25 Fig. 5. — Catatropis filamen- tis: OS., Oral sucker; eso., Oesop- hagus; gp., Genital pore; va., X'agina; cr., Cirrus sac; ce., Ceca; ut., Uterus; vit., \'itel- laria; sg., Shell gland; ov., Ovary; t., Testes; ex., Excre- tory pore. (Original, Law and Kennedy.) 26 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 Wardius zihethicus. Barker and East, 1915. Only two specimens have been found in the duodenum of muskrats trapped in the vicinity of the Experimental Fur Farm. Fresh specimens, reddish white in colour with rounded margins. Cuticle smooth and spineless. The body tapers slightly towards the oral sucker. The posterior sucker is situated at the extreme posterior end of the body, measuring from 4.7 mm. to 5.8 mm. long by 1.16 mm. to 1.95 mm. wide. Oral sucker subterminal 0.485 mm. in diameter. av / //*^ / *// IS^ / '' M CR / Jr\\ Fig. 6. — Notocotyle qtiinqueseriale: os., Oral sucker; gp., Genital pore ;va., Vagina; cr., Cirrus sac; ce., Ceca; cp., Cirrus pouch; pap., Papillae; ut., Uterus; vit., X'iteiiaria: sg., Shell gland; t., Testes; ov., Ovary. (Original, Law and Kennedy.) (-RGL .■'^ahK) Pharynx divided into two distinct pockets. Oesophagus well marked and tubular. Ceca prominent, undulating, ending anterior to posterior sucker. Testis situated tandem fashion in the median line, dendritic in shape. Ovary lies in the median line in the posterior region of the body, rounded to oval in shape. Shell gland anterior to ovary. Vitellaria extracecal extending from the oral sucker to the middle of the posterior sucker. Uterine coil arises anterior to the ovary and proceeds on the median line, to a short distance below the bifurca- tion of the ceca ending at the genital pore. Eggs oval from 0.014 mm. to 0.015 mm. long by 0.009 mm. to 0.013 mm. wide. 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 27 "* fisheries . Fig. 7. — Wardius zibethicus: os., Oral sucker; ph., Pharynx; vit., \'itellaria; gp., Genital pore; t., Testes; ut., Uterus; sg., Shell gland; ov., Ovary; ps., Posterior sucker. (Original, 28 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 ^^ S0%. Orlfitia.} Oni Dept of Gdme a Vishenes Et.V Fig. S.—Psilustomum oniatrae: os., Oral sucker; ph., Pharynx; eso., Oseophagus; ce., Ceca; cs., Cirrus sac; vit., Vitellaria; vs., Ventral sucker; ut., Uterus; ov., Ovary; t., Testis; ex. p.. Excretory pore. (Original, Law and Kennedy.) 1932 ANNUAL REPORT. 1931 29 Psilostomum ondatrae. Price, 1931. Collected from the liver of a muskrat in the vicinity of the Experimental F'ur Farm and forwarded to Dr. Emmett W. Price, Zoological Division, Bureau of Animal Industry, Washington, D.C., who described it as a new species. Pro- ceedings U.S. National Museum, Vol. 79, Art. 4, as follows: Body ovoid, 1.6 mm. to 2 mm. long by 0.315 mm. to 0.961 mm. wide in the region of the anterior testis, flattened dorsoventrally. Cuticular spines were not found on specimens from the muskrat. Oral sucker subterminal, 0.150 mm. to 0.155 mm. in diameter; oral aperture slitlike to oval in shape. Acetabulum transversely elongated to almost circular in shape, strongly mus- cular, 0.220 mm. to 0.300 mm. by 0.300 mm. to 0.375 mm., situated 0.525 mm. to 0.537 mm. from the anterior end of the body. Prepharynx 0.38 mm. to 0.75 mm. long, the length depending on the amount of contraction of the anterior part of the body. Pharynx strongly muscular, 0.112 mm. to 0.127 mm. long by 0.82 mm. to 0.105 mm. wide. Oesophagus slender, 0.75 mm. to 0.112 mm. long; intestinal ceca simple, extending to within a short distance of the posterior end of the body. Excretory pore terminal. Testis large, elongated transversely, postequatorial and tandem in position. The anterior testis is 0.262 mm. to 0.375 mm. long by 0.412 mm. to 0.712 mm. wide and the posterior testis 0.262 mm. to 0.275 mm. long by 0.337 mm. to 0.750 mm. wide. Cirrus pouch piriform, its posterior end never extending beyond the centre of the acetabulum; it con- tains a voluminous seminal vesicle and a long, slender, unarmed cirrus. The genital pore is situated in the median line about midway betwesn the bifurcation of the intestine and anterior margin of the acetabulum. Ov^ary ovoid, 0.75 mm. by 0.150 mm., situated a short distance in front of the anterior testis and to the median line. Shell gland well developed, dorsal of ovary. Laurer's canal present. Receptaculum seminis apparently absent. The vitellaria are com- posed of large follicles situated laterally and forming a wreathlike mass extending from the level of the pharynx to the posterior end of the body. Uterus relatively short, consisting of irregular coils occupying the intercecal space between the anterior margin of the anterior testis and the acetabulum, and terminating in a moderately de\'eloped metraterm. The metraterm extends along the left side of the cirrus pouch and opens into the genital sinus immediately anterior to the male aperture. Eggs oval, 0.82 mm. to 0.90 mm. long by 0.45 mm. to 0.48 mm. wide, yellowish i)rown in colour. Echinostomum coalitum. Barker and Beaver, 1915. Found in the duodenum of muskrats in the vicinity of Kirkfield, Ontario. This is one of the longest trematodes infesting muskrats. The body is long and narrow, length 16 mm. to 23 mm. Width anterior to testis 1.21 mm. to 1.98 mm. Head collar, kidney shaped, well developed, equijjped with double row of spines. Prepharynx connects with oral sucker, which is 0.291 mm. to 0.35 mm. in diameter. Oesophagus comparatively long, 1.14 mm. in length. Ventral sucker large and muscular, 1.14 mm. to 1.30 mm. long by 0.97 mm. to 1.01 mm. wide. Cirrus sac prominent, terminating above ventral sucker, containing well developed cirrus. Ovary broader than long and well marked, width 0.485 mm. to 0.399 mm., length 0.399 mm., situated in median line, directly anterior to testis. Testis tandem, more or less elliptical with indented margins, situated in posterior end of body; length 1.28 mm. to 0.873 mm., width 0.485 mm. to 0.582 mm. \'itel- laria extend from short distance posterior to ventral sucker, gradually becoming 30 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 Fig. 9. — Echinostomum coali- tum: OS., Oral sucker; ph., Pharynx; oes., Oesophagus; cs.. Cirrus sac; vit., V'itellaria; ut., Uterus; ov., Ovary; t., Testis. (Original, Law and Kennedy.) 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 31 Fig. 10. — Echinostomum callawayensis: OS., Oral sucker; ph.. Pharynx; oes., Oeso- phagus; c. Cirrus sac; vs.. Ventral sucker; ce.,Ceca; ut., Uterus; vit., Vitellaria; ov., Ovary; t.. Testis; ex.c, Excretory canal. (Original, Law and Kennedy.) ONTA M I O 32_ DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 heavier posterior to the testis, and completely filling the extreme posterior end of body. Ceca bifurcate anterior to ventral sucker and continue in a wavy manner to posterior end of body. Eggs elliptical in shape, straw-coloured, length 0.105 mm. to 0.114 mm. by 0.030 mm. to 0.044 mm. wide. Echinostomnm callawayensis. Barker and Noll, 1015. Commonly found in duodenum of muskrats; length 4.98 mm. to 7.01 mm., width 1.02 m.m. to 1.50 mm. Body tapers anteriorly, posterior end bluntly rounded. Head collar provided with double row of spines. Oral sucker 0.07 mm. to 0.15 mm. long by 0.11 mm. to 0.16 mm. wide. Pharynx short and bulbous. Oesophagus bifurcates in front of ventral sucker; ceca ending blindly a short distance below posterior testis. Ventral sucker muscular and well developed. Cirrus sac anterior to ventral sucker; cirrus and prostate gland prominent. Ovary rounded to oval, situated in median line a short distance in front of anterior testis. Vitellaria extend from posterior of ventral sucker to end of body becoming heavier below posterior testis. Vitelline duct crosses trans- versely at anterior margin of anterior testis. Excretory canal "Y" shaped at posterior end of body. Eggs numerous, situated in region between ovar\' and posterior margin ot ventral sucker, 0.0804 mm. to 0.101 mm. long by 0.041 mm. to 0.062 mm. wide. *Echiv.ochasnnis schwartzi. Price, 1931. Found in the intestines of muskrats in Ontario and described by Dr. Emmett W. Price, Proceedings U.S. National Museum, Vol. 79, Art. 4, as follows: Body spindle-shaped in outline 1.5 mm. to 2.1 mm. long by 0.449 mm. to 0.620 mm. wide in the region of the anterior testis. Cuticular spines are present in the anterior part of the body. These spines are scalelike and arranged in alternating, transverse rows; the rows anterior to the acetabulum are close together, while posterior to the acetabulum the rows are progressively farther apart and the number of spines decreases; spines finally disappear near the level of the posterior margin of the posterior testis. In specimens from the muskrat most of the cuticular spines were missing owing to the fact that the worms had been dead for several hours before fixation. Oral sucker subterminal, 0.93 mm. wide, surrounded by a well-defined reniform collar, 0.248 mm. to 0.279 mm. wide. The collar bears twenty-two spines arranged in a single row which is interrupted dorsally by a space as wide as the oral sucker. Four of these spines, two on each ventral lobe, are slightly more aboral than the others; the more median of these spines is 0.37 mm. to 0.41 mm. long by 0.11 mm. to 0.15 mm. wide at their bases. Acetabulum circular, 0.170 mm. to 0.186 mm. in diameter situated 0.542 mm. to 0.775 mm. from the anterior end of the body. Prepharynx 0.46 mm. to 0.93 mm. long, the length depending on the amount of contraction of the anterior part of the body. Pharynx muscular, 0.108 mm. to 0.155 mm. long by 0.93 mm. to 0.108 mm. wide. Oesophagus 0.124 mm. to 0.248 mm. long; intestinal ceca simple and extending to near the posterior end of the body. Genital pore situated immediately caudad to intestinal bifurcation. Cirrus pouch poorly developed, somewhat piriform in shape, extending caudad to near the posterior margin of the acetabulum and containing a large seminal vesicle showing a distinct constriction near its anterior end, a poorly defined prostate, and a short ductus ejaculatorius. Testis largely postequatorial and tandem in position; the anterior testis is almost rectangular in shape, 0.155 mm. 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 33 Ont Dept. of Ga/we 5- Fisheries . Fig. 11. — Echinochasmus schwarlzi: os., Oral sucker; ph., I'Jiarynx; eso., Oesophagus; cs., Cirrus sac; vs., \'entral sucker; ce.,Ceca; ut., Uterus; ov., Ovary; sg. , Shell gland; t., Testis; 34 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 to 0.279 mm. long by 0.310 mm. to 0.434 mm. wide; the posterior testis is irregular to almost spherical in outline, 0.186 mm. to 0.310 mm. long by 0.263 mm. to 0.372 mm. wide. Ovary ovoid, 0.108 mm. to 0.124 mm. by 0.124 mm. to 0.170 mm., situated slightly to the right of the median line and with its long axis diagonal to the long axis of the body. The vitellaria are composed of large follicles distributed as in the other members of the genus; the follicles extend anteriorly to the level of the posterior margin of the acetabulum or slightly beyond, but never farther forward than the anterior margin of the acetabulum. Uterus short, consisting of a few irregular coils almost filling the intercecal space between the anterior testis and acetabulum, and containing from 4 to 40 eggs. Eggs oval, 0.68 mm. long by 0.4.5 mm. wide with yellow^ish brown, thin shells.. Parametorchis canadensis. Price, 1929. Collected from the gall bladder of a mink in the vicinity of the Experimental Fur Farm, Kirkfield, and submitted to Dr. Emmett \\\ Price, Zoological Division, Bureau of Animal Industry, Washington, D.C., and described by him as a new- species, Proceedings National Museum, Vol. 76, Art. 12, as follows: Bod\' linguiform, transparent, 1.7 mm. to 2 mm. long. 0.590 mm. to 0.687 mm. wide in the region of the anterior testis. Oral sucker terminal, 0.93 mm. to 0.108 mm. long by 0.140 mm. to 0.155 mm. wide. Prepharynx absent; pharynx muscular, 0.108 mm. to 0.140 mm. long by 0.62 mm. to 0.93 mm. wide. Oesophagus very short; intestinal ceca slightly sinuous terminating 0.70 mm. to 0.90 mm. from the posterior end of the body. Acetabulum 0.125 mm. long by 0.140 mm. wide, weakly muscular, and situated about 0.470 mm. from the anterior end. Testis oval or slightly indented, and situated tandem in the posterior half of body; they are about equal in size, 0.186 mm. long by 0.125 mm. wide. Cirrus pouch absent. Seminal vesicle slender and sinuous, its posterior end lying on a level with the centre of the acetabulum. Ovary trilobed, small, and situated about twice its own length in front of the bifurcation of the excretory vesicle. Receptaculum seminis large and piriform, and situated to the right and caudad to the ovary. X'itellaria lateral, extending from a short distance caudad to the oesophagus bifurcation to the level of the ovary. Uterus composed of close transverse coils which are filled w^ith small eggs. The genital pore is situated 0.400 mm. to 0.600 mm. from the anterior end of body. Excretory system similar to that in other species of the genus. Eggs oval, 0.22 mm. long by 0.11 mm. wide, and yellowish brown in color. Echinoparyphium contigiium. Barker and Bastron, 1915. Commonh' found in the duodenum of muskrats. Body tapers at the anterior end, bluntly rounded posteriorly; length 3.55 mm. to 4 mm., breadth at level of acetabulum 0.426 mm. Head collar bears two rows of spines, which nearly surround the oral sucker. Prepharynx present. Pharynx bulbous. Oesophagus comparatively long, bifurcating in front of ventral sucker. Ceca proceed to posterior end of body. \'entral sucker placed anteriorly and prominent, 0.271 mm. to 0.291 mm. in diameter. Cirrus sac arises behind ventral sucker and proceeds anteriorly. Mtelline glands extend from posterior of acetabulum to end of body, tending to become more massive below posterior testis. Ovary small and round placed slightly off median line to the left, measuring 0.15 mm. in diameter. Testis large and ovoid situated tandem fashion 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 35 '^'Of fox- DCPT or GAME AND riSHCRICS ONTARIO Fig. 12. — Parametorchis canadensis: os., Oral sucker; ph., Pharynx; oes.. Oesophagus; vit., Vitellaria; vs., X'entral sucker; ut.. Uterus; ce.,Ceca; ov.. Ovary; t., Testis. (Original, I 1 ¥^ _ I \ ./ ' I vol 36 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 Fig. 13. — Echinoparyphiitm con- iiguum: OS., Oral sucker; ph., Pharynx; oes., Oesophagus; cs., Cirrus sac; vs., Ventral sucker; ut.. Uterus; ov., Ovary; cs., Ceca; vit., \'itellaria; t., Testis; ex. c, Excretory canal. (Original, Law and Kennedy.) omClNAt, ('RGX'ini A.HK.) F- GAME AND FISHERIES ONTARIO 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 37 in posterior half of body; 0.388 mm. long by 0.194 mm. wide. Excretory canal well developed and "Y" shaped. Eggs scanty, yellowish brown in colour, 0.086 mm. to 0.107 mm. long by 0.054 mm. to 0.068 mm. wide. Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782), (Stiles, 1901). The largest and most frequently found nematode affecting mink. Females blood red, from 150 mm. to 650 mm. in length. Males brown, from 90 mm. to 150 mm. in length. Inhabits the kidney and occasionally the abdominal and thoracic cavities. In the later stages of infestation the kidney is greatly encysted. The cyst is filled with a brownish fluid containing from one to six worms which are associated with a characteristic bony deposit. Fig. 14. — Dioctophyme renale: Two males and four females. Cystic kidney showing bony deposits. (Original, Law and Kennedy.) The following taxonomic description is according to Yorke and Maplestone: Male: bursa copulatrix bell-shaped, muscular and not supported by rays; spicule single and long. Female: tail blunt; anus terminal; \'ulva in the anterior part of the body; one ovary. Oviparous, eggs ellipsoidal, brown in colour, shell thick and co\"ered by small depressions except at the poles which are homogeneous, they contain a segmented ovum at the time of deposition. Echinostomiim armigerum. Barker and Irvine, 1915. Commonly found in the duodenum of muskrats. Varies considerably in length and breadth in different specimens; length 10.0 mm. to 13.0 mm., width 1.0 mm. to 2.25 mm. Body tapers slightly at anterior end, posterior ^nd being bluntly rounded; flesh-coloured and comparatively heavy. Oral sucker, 0.291 mm. in diameter surrounded by a kidney-shaped head collar with numerous spines. Pharynx muscular, length 0.271 mm., width 0.222 mm., connected with 38 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 Fig. 15. — Echinostomum armigenim: os., Oral sucker; ph., Pharynx; oes., Oesophagus; cs., Cirrus sac; vs., \'entral sucker; vit., \'itel- laria; ce., Ceca; sg., Shell gland; ov.. Ovary; t.. Testis. (Original, Law and Kennedy.) S FI5H£RiES. 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 39 oral sucker by short prepharynx. X'entral sucker in the anterior portion of the body, 0.873 mm. to 0.979 mm. in diameter, large and muscular. Cirrus sac prominent, containing a well developed cirrus, situated anterior to the ventral sucker. Ovary oval or round; length 0.388 mm., width 0.585 mm. to 0.640 mm., situated in median line a short distance anterior to testis. Shell gland occupies the space between testis and ovary. Testis longer than wide, close together, situated in the median line; anterior testis length 0.804 mm., width 0.611 mm.; posterior testis length 0.989 mm., width 0.640 mm. Mtellaria extend from posterior margin of ventral sucker to posterior end of body and converge a short distance from posterior end. Excretory bladder well marked. Ceca bifurcate in front of ventral sucker and end blindly near posterior region. Eggs numerous in the space posterior to ventral sucker and anterior to ovary; length 0.097 mm. to 0.087 mm., width 0.063 mm. to 0.077 mm. Alaria mustelae. Bosma, 1931. Frequently found in the duodenum of mink. Body from 1.037 mm. to 1.22 mm. in length, concave dorsally tapering anteriorly towards oral sucker, at whose sides are two projections; in living specimens these projections are seen as round, pointed, retractile feelers. A short distance posterior to pharynx there is a large adhesive organ which broadens to a width of 0.446 mm. to 0.485 mm., becoming constricted at about the posterior third of the body, gradually tapering to the end where it rounds off bluntly. Uterus containing eggs, extends into adhesive organ. On each side in the caudad region there is a large bilobe testis. The bursa copulatrix situated in the posterior end of body posterior to the testis. \'itellaria converge posterior to adhesive organ and appear to be absent in posterior region. Ceca short, bifurcating from the pharynx and appearing to end at anterior border of adhesive organ. Eggs yellow in colour, few in number, 0.116 mm. long and 0.067 mm. wide. Alaria americana. Hall and Wigdor, 1918. Found in the intestinal tract of foxes and wolves trapped in Ontario and show the characteristics common to the familv. The following excerpts are taken from Hall, 1918 A.\'.M.A. Journal, X'oI.'LHI., N.S. Vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 616-626: Mounted specimens less than 3 mm. long; li\e specimens appear to be between 4 mm. and 5 mm. long. The oral sucker and pharynx are quite distinct. Oral sucker, 0.090 mm. to 0.137 mm. in diameter; pharynx, 0.120 mm. to 0.196 mm. long. The ventral sucker is relatively well forward, less than its own diameter from the angle formed by the intestinal ceca, measures from 0.070 mm. to 0.176 mm. in diameter. Some distance posterior of the \entral sucker is the attaching apparatus, a high structure, the anterior end is smoothly rounded. In the median line of the vitellaria in the attaching apparatus, there is a series of apparent cavities. On each side of the oral sucker are cresentic projections. There is a large bilobed testis on each side of the posterior bod\-. The ovarx- appears to lie partly anterior to and partly posterior to the line of union of the lateral lamellar margins of the anterior body. The bursa copulatrix is less than twice the diameter of the ventral sucker. The eggs in the uterus are 0.09 mm. to 0.012 mm. bv 0.080 mm. to 0.086 mm. in diameter. 40 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 Alaria arisaemoides. Augustine and Uribe, 1927. Found in small intestines of fox trapped in Ontario; pink to white in colour, measures from 7 mm. to 10 mm. in length. The body is divided into two distinct regions, cephalic and caudal. Oral sucker lies between two wing-like structures situated at the anterior end of the parasite. The ventral sucker is posterior to DEPT or GAME AND FISHERIES ONTARIO Off/G IN/> L. V \}.g- /6-— l-'ur^'a "r"5/f/a?.- os., Oral sucker; ph., Pharynx; ce., Ceca; ad., Adhesive organ: It., Vitellana; vs.. Ventral sucker; ut., Uterus; t., Testis. (Original, Law and Kennedy.) oral sucker in the median line. The adhesive organ is well developed occupying the greater portion of the cephalic region. A thin transparent membrane covers the entire body. The testes are lobed situated in tandem fashion in the caudad region. Anterior testis smaller than ANNUAL REPORT. 1931 tla? SOJ. ori)i«< I Ont Dcpt Of- G«mc L- 4 Fisheries pi„ n —Alaria arisaemoides: os., Oral sucker; ph., Pharynx; ce.,Ceca; vs., Ventral sucker; ep./Excretory pore; gp., Genital pore; sv., Seminal vesicle; ut. Uterus; ov., Ovary; mg Mehlis gland; vit.,Vitellaria; if., Lamellar folds. (Origmal, Law and Kennedy.) 42 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 the posterior one; the latter occupying nearly the entire width of the parasite. Ovary is lobed, 0.37 mm. long by 0.51 mm. wide. Mehlis gland prominent to the right of anterior testis. Ceca bifurcate from pharynx to below the ventral sucker where they curve backwards for a short distance and then continue to the posterior end of body ending blindly near the genital pore. The uterine coils take a greatly convoluted course and finally proceed between the ceca to the posterior end of the body to form the common genital duct. Ova numerous, oval in shape from 0.140 mm. long to 0.090 mm. wide. Hemistomum crateriim. Barker and Noll, 1915. This is one of the smallest parasites found in the duodenum of the mink and muskrat. Fresh specimens measure 0.95 mm. to 2 mm. long by 0.58 mm. to 0.62 mm. wide. Oral sucker rounded and subterminal. Ventral sucker prominent, in the median line directly anterior to adhesive organ. Adhesive organ large and round, 0.23 mm. in diameter. Two pair of intestinal ceca appear to be present. The ceca arise at the posterior end of the pharynx and appear to disappear behind the adhesive organ. Ovary round, lying to right of median line, anterior to right testis. Shell gland opposite to ovary and slightly to left of median line. Testis oval, in posterior region of body and perceptibly oblique. Excretory pore comparatively large and directly between testis. Vitellaria coarsely scattered from level of ventral sucker to a short distance anterior to ovary. No eggs were found in three specimens studied. The following internal parasites have been found in Ontario fur-bearing animals, examined at the Experimental Fur Farm. FOX Nematoda Toxocaris canis, Werner, \782.^Belascaris marginata, Rud., 1802 Intestines Uncinaria stenocephahi, Raillet, 1884 Intestines Eiicoleus aerophilus, Creplin, 1839 Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs Capillaria plica, Rudolphi, 1819; Raiiiet, 1915 Urinary bladder Crenosoma decoratum, CrepHn, 1847; Stoss, 1898 Lungs and Trachea Toxascaris limhata, Raillet and Henry, 1911 Intestines Trematoda Alaria americana, Hall and Wigdor, 1918 Intestines Alaria arisaemoides, Augustine and Uribe, 1927 Intestines Cestoda Diphyllobothrium latum, Linnaeus, 1758 Intestines Diphyllobolhrium cordalum, Leuckart, 1863 Intestines MINK Nematoda D ioctophyme renale, Goeze, 1782; Stiles, 1901 Kidney, Body cavities Filaroides bronchialis , Gemlin, 1790. = Filarotdes mustelarum, Rud., 1819. Trachea and Bronchi Capillaria sp Intestines Strongloides sp Intestines Ascaris sp Intestines Filaria sp Trachea Trematoda Plagiorchis proximus. Barker, 1915 Intestines Euparyphiiim melts, Shrank, 1788 Intestines Alaria miistelae, Bosma, 193 1 Intestines Parametorchis canadensis, Price, 1929 Gall Bladder Euparyphiiim inerme, Fuhrmann, 1904 Intestines 1931 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 43 Cestoda Taenia sp Intestines LYNX Nematoda Toxocara mystax, Zeder, 1800 Intestines Physaioptera sp Intestines MUSKRAT Trematoda Nudacotxle novicia, Barker, 1916 Intestines Echinostomiim coalitiim, Barker, 191,5 Intestines Echinostomiim callaivavensis, Barker and Noll, 1915 Intestines Plagiorchis proximus, Barker, 19 15 Intestines Echinoparvphium contiguum, Barker and Bastron, 1913 Intestines Notocotvlequinqueseriale, Barker and Laughlin, 1915 Intestines and Cecum Catatro'pis li lament is, Barker, 1915 Intestines and Cecum Wardius zibethicus, Barker and East, 1915 Intestines Hemistomiim craterum, Barker and Noll, 1915 Intestines and Cecum Philostomum ondatrae, Price, 193 1 Liver Echinochasmus schivartzi, Price, 193 1 Intestines Alaria mustelae, Bosma, 193 1 Intestines Echinostomiim armigeriim, Barker and Irvine, 19 15 Intestines Cestoda Hymenolepis evaginata, Barker and Andrews, 1915 Intestines Cysticercus fasciolaris = Taenia taeniaeformis Li\-er Nematoda Hepalicota hepatica, Bancroft, 1893 Liver Sporozoa Eimeria stiedae, Lindemann, 1865 Liver WOLF Trematoda Alaria americana, Hall and Wigdor, 1918 Intestines Cestoda Taenia pisiformis, Bloch, 1780 Intestines RACCOON Nematoda Ascaris sp Intestines Phvsaloptera sp Intestines Ca'pillaria sp Intestines BEAVER Trematoda Cladorchis subtriquetrus, Rud., 1814; Fischoeder, 1901 Intestines REPORT OF THE BIOLOGICAL AND FISH CULTURE BRANCH The chief function of the Biological and Fish Culture Branch of the Ontario Department of Game and Fisheries is to apply the science of biology to all problems affecting the production, maintenance and usefulness of fish. How this function is carried out will be best understood by reading the descriptions and explanations set forth in the paragraphs which follow. In recent years there has been a progressive development of a scientific or technical component centralized in the Department and covering at least the immediate and practical requirements of the fisheries and fish cultural services. On account of the routine nature of the work, the fisheries laboratory does not presume to enter into research problems which are more fittingly carried out in university laboratories; for example, problems which involve research in organic chemistry over a period of years. The same thing applies to life-history studies 44 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 of fish. In other words, the work of the Department's fisheries' laboratory is more or less confined to the following studies: (1) Diagnosis, treatment and control of fish parasites and diseases. (2) Natural food of fish and the importance of the inter-relationships of food-cycles and food-chains as regards the welfare of the fish. The significance of food studies is a most important factor in connection with the methods of planting both game and commercial species. (3) Nutrition and artificial feeding of hatchery reared fish. This subject will be discussed under the title, "Fish Culture." Biological Surveys A matter of fundamental importance in any satisfactory programme which has as its objective the rehabilitation of waters with suitable game, commercial or forage fish is a close study of the stream or lake itself in order that suitable^ accurate, and sufficient information may be obtained regarding the conditions of life therein, such as quality of water, cover and food. These inquiries fall into three main and characteristic groups: (a) Physical conditions of the water, for example, temperature, trans- parency, colour, turbidity, permanency, depth and bottom. (6)*Chemical conditions of the water, for example, alkalinity, acidity, pH, oxygen, carbon dioxide and hardness. (c) Biological conditions of the water, for example, plankton, bottom fauna, fish and higher vegetation. All these factors after correlation act as indices or criteria of the suitability of waters for diff^erent species of fish. In other words they help to specify whether a lake or stream is suitable for trout; trout and pickerel; bass; bass and pike; etc. There is another side to these studies, which is of primary importance and that is by means of a study of the environment, the fish, and the fish food we are in a position to state the type of environment that may best provide or be expected to provide the necessary requirements for different sizes and ages of fish distributed from our Provincial fish hatcheries and rearing stations. Studies of this nature are carried out, during the summer months when growth and reproduction are at their height, when highest temperatures are recorded, and when water-levels due to evaporation effects are lowest. The investigations are carried out by university men who have a proper background of information pertaining to the natural and physical sciences, and who have received special training in fisheries studies as a result of laboratory or field experience or both. The summer survey staff during 1931 numbered twenty- one. Seven of these were undergraduates, two of whom had previous field experience with the Department. All others engaged had university degrees qualifying them for work of this nature. The personnel of the staff was as follows: Allmark, M. G., third year, Biology and Chemistr\', Queen's University, Kingston. Cameron, W. R., fourth year, Biology and Medicine, University of Toronto. Cook, W. W., M.A., Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston. Detwiler, J. D., Ph.D., Head of the Department of Applied Biology, University of Western Ontario, London. Dibbon,W. L., B. A., Ontario College of Education (Graduate in Biolog>-), University of Toronto. Dignan, H. J., B.A., High School Teacher, Port Hope (Graduate in Biologv'), University of Toronto. Ebersole, E. O., doing M.A. work, Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston. *These conditions may embrace certain physical qualities also. 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 45 Fox, J. H., M.A., High School Teacher, Windsor (Graduate in Biology), University of Western Ontario, London. Green, A. C, B.A. iBiolog>' and Medical Sciences), University of Toronto; Department of Bio- chemistry-, University of Manitoba. Horn, W. R., first year, Chemistr\- and Mineralogy, Queen's University, Kingston. Louden, A. H., B.A. (Biolog\- and Chemistry-), Queen's University, Kingston; Teacher at Picker- ing College, Newmarket. Miller, W. F., third year (Biology- and Chemistry), Queen's University, Kingston. Mc\'icar, G. A., ^LA. (Department of Biochemistry), University of Toronto. Oughton, J. P., fourth year. Department of Biology, University of Toronto. ^'Pearce, H. S., B.A., Department of Biology, University of Toronto. The results of a seine haul in the Thames River for scientific purposes. Perkin, H. J., li.A., Department of Physiology' and Biochemistry', University of Toronto. Savage, J., B.A., Department of Biology, llniversity of Toronto. Smith, P. W., \LS. (Wisconsin), Ontario College of Education, Toronto. Toner, G. C, fourth year. Biology, Queen's University, Kingston. Ward, J. W., fourth year. Biology and Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston. Werner, W. H. R., .^LA., I'niversity of Western Ontario, London; Assistant Biologist, Depart- "y^ ment of Game and Fisheries, Ontario. Since 1925, when biological surveys of Ontario's waters were first undertaken by the Department, in the neighbourhood of seventeen hundred and sixty-four individual lakes and streams have been investigated from the "suitability" standpoint. 46 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 The following comparative statement shows the progress that has taken place in connection with the work of biological surveys in recent years: Year Number of waters studied Number of Investigators 1925 21 58 233 707* 214 237 294 1 1926 2 1927 5 1928 9 1929 18 1930 18 1931 21 Total 1,764 74 *See report for 1928. Special Studies In addition to the summer survey work outlined above, the Department's temporary and permanent staff of fish culturists, biologists and technicians investigated problems relating to fish culture and the fisheries pertaining to — 1. Closure of water areas. 3. Removal of coarse fish, and transfers of fish from one body of water to another. 6. Pollution. 8. Water-levels. 2. Sites for hatcheries and rearing stations. 4. Mortality of fish. 5. Operation of commercial nets and hooks. 7. Dams, screens, and fishways. 9. Miscellaneous subjects. (a) A preliminary report on the individual weights of lake herring (L. artedi) taken in pound nets off the county of Lambton, Lake Huron. (b) Feeding experiments with speckled trout. (c) An investigation of the most suitable natural environment for lake trout fingerlings (continued from 1930). 1. Closure of Water Areas The question of sanctuaries for fish and in fact for all wild life, is one which is gaining more and more public interest, attention, and support. A fish sanctuary may be defined as an area which is closed permanently to all fishing in order that the fish and all other life in the area may have an opportunity to live and thrive unhampered by the encroachment of man. These sanctuaries act as, — 1. Sources of replenishment for immediately adjacent water areas. In other words, the fish multiplying in these favourable areas would spread to other parts of the same waters. 2. Areas where spawning fish, both game and commercial species, may spawn unmolested. Such an arrangement, to a large extent at least, obviates the necessity of establishing closed seasons for commercial fish, which may vary from year to year and from lake to lake according to the latitude and altitude. By such means we prevent depletion of the permanent breeding stock, taking each year only the natural increase from it. 3. With sanctuaries at our disposal we are in a better position to study the factors involved in natural productivity and allied phenomena. Before areas are set apart they are subjected to the strong light of biological investigation to determine the advantage of closure against commercial fishing, game fishing or both. During the year, nine specific inland water-areas were studied from this standpoint and in addition, the inshore waters along the 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 47 south shore of the Georgian Bay, bordering the counties of Bruce, Grey and Simcoe. Certain shoals off the west shore of the Bruce Peninsula are important spawning grounds for lake trout and in view of the absence of a closed season in this area, the protection of inshore bays, reefs and shoals would give this species an opportunity to spawn unmolested. Such an area should also act as a base for a reserve supply of lake trout from which adjacent and external water-areas might be replenished. From the standpoint of game-fish interests it might be added that certain centres lying within this zone are in the develop- mental stage and are becoming more attractive to the summer resident population each year. No commercial fishing licenses have been granted in Colpoy's bay for several years. It is an important reserve ground for lake trout and herring, and also has importance as an angling area. Whitefish spawn off the shores from Cape Commodore to \Marton and from Cape Commodore into Owen Sound bay. Licenses have not been issued to commercial fishermen in Owen Sound bay for some time south of a line drawn from Presqu'Ile Point to Pine Point, in order to protect and encourage the game-fishing interests. With the exception of pound netters between X'ail's Point and Cape Rich during the past year commercial fishermen have been prohibited from fishing inside a mile limit on the shores abutting the townships of St. Vincent and CoUingwood in order to protect the fish inside this limit prior to November 1st. This is important from the standpoint of spawning fish. 2. Sites for Hatcheries and Rearing Stations Twenty-two sites for the possible establishment of hatcheries and rearing stations for trout and bass were studied and reported upon during the year. A number of the requests came from public organizations and individuals who were desirous of developing certain streams and ponds to the greatest possible extent for game-fish. The expenses incurred in connection with the examination of private waters where public fishing is prohibited were met by the individual. There is evidence of a more wide-spread public interest in the possibilities of ponds and streams for fish cultural activities. 3. Removal of Coarse Fish and Transfers of Fish from One Body of Water to Another A more intelligent view is abroad regarding the advisability of removing so-called coarse fish from our waters. At present the prevailing attitude appears to be that the subject is, in the main, one for biological inquiry and rightly so. It is unreasonable to remove any species of fish without proper knowledge of the conditions and sufficient proof that they are detrimental. The Department is at the present time chiefly concerned with the removal of predatory fish such as pike from trout waters; for example, the Nipigon river, and ling from game-fish waters; for example, the Rideau lakes and Otter lake and Wolfe lake in Leeds county. Extensive data on the feeding habits of the ling have been collected from the latter sources. The removal of quantities of coarse fish, when they are in excessive numbers is warranted, but this must be done with discretion in order not to interfere with 48 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 the available food supply or forage of the finer varieties of fish ; in other words, from the standpoint of the economy of any lake, the relationship of one species to another must be determined. The harmful characteristics of each species must be weighed against its useful or good characteristics. Cat, or Finger lake, located in the township of Blair, county of Parry Sound, was closed indefinitely in 1930 for the purpose of bass propagation after a biological survey indicated that such a step was feasible. In order to reduce competitor fish, steps were taken to remove the pike, maskinonge and pickerel from the lake. These operations extended from June 13 to June 22, 1931, pound nets being used to capture the fish. The catch recorded over this period was as follows: bass 62, pike 19, maskinonge 10, suckers 4. sunfish 2. The pike and maskinonge were removed and planted in the French river. The studies revealed that bass predominate, but the removal of large predatory pike and maskinonge should improve conditions for bass as regards food and survival. 4. Mortality of Fish Investigations concerning the causes of fish mortality in Manitou creek (Manitoulin), Weslemkoon lake (Lennox and Addington), lake Semple (near Midland) and Rice lake were investigated and reported upon by officials of the Branch. 5. Operations of Commercial Nets and Hooks Before nets are licensed for new areas, the Branch biologists investigate and report thereon. During the past year three inland water areas were studied from this angle. An investigation of the use of hooks and bait nets by commercial fishermen in the Georgian bay was commenced in 1930 and was continued in 1931. Gangs of hooks and bait nets were examined periodically. The studies reveal : (1) In bottom line fishing 20 per cent, of the trout taken are of illegal size and weight. (2) The floating line takes only a small percentage of illegal trout, but its use should not be encouraged, since the reserve supply of trout which cannot be captured in nets is attacked by such a contrivance. (3) Vertical movements of trout are quite apparent as the water temperatures rise, deeper water being sought. In the fall they appear in 10 to 20 fathoms and after the spawning season is over, they appear near the surface. Smaller trout under two pounds in the round seem to prefer about 20 to 45 fathoms of water, the greatest number being taken at these depths. (4) The proportion of whitefish and herring species taken in bait nets is roughly as follows: bloater (L. hoyi) 70 per cent.; lake herring (L. artedi) 2 per cent. ; tullibee 2 per cent. ; round whitefish 1 per cent. Bloaters or L. hoyi are used extensively by many fishermen whole and with the swim.-bladder inflated. Lake herring (L. artedi) and tullibee are cut into several pieces when used as bait. There does not appear to be a diminution of the supply of the bloater. It is not important as a marketable fish on account of its small size and watery flesh, but it enters extensively into the diet of lake trout and for this reason its wasteful use 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 49 must be rigorously controlled. The lake herring travel in schools and are of considerable commercial importance. (5) Trout hooks take large quantities of ling. 6. Pollution Systematic studies of suspected sources of pollution, particularly in cities and towns of Ontario, are underway with a view to improving conditions for fish in waters located at such centres wherever improvements are possible and practicable. This year pollution studies were carried out at Lindsay, Sarnia. Kitchener, Waterloo, Chatham, Acton, Oakville, Trenton, South River, Coutland and Moore's Cove near Haileybury. The forms of alleged pollution encountered were as follows: Acids, tannery wastes, paper-mill wastes (straw and wood pulp), milk wastes, cyanide, commercial alcohol, creosote, sewage and sugar- beet wastes. In the majority of these instances the pollution was found to be either comparatively harmless or the effluents causing the pollution have been eliminated or so treated as to neutralize their harmful effects. Sugar-beet wastes, however, have proved to be especially difficult to control. The same difficulty has been encountered by our neighbours in the State of Michigan. Decomposition of the effluents from these factories requires a great deal of oxygen present in the water of the stream into which the wastes are dumped. In other words, there is a high oxygen demand, and consequently this problem is not easily solved. However, the sugar factories concerned have shown a fine spirit of co-operation and e\ery effort is being made to eliminate these troublesome wastes. 7. Dams, Screens and Fishways During the year an organized survey of dams and other barriers across water-courses to determine the feasibility of introducing fishways was under- taken in the following districts: Algoma, Dufferin, Elgin, Frontenac, Lennox and Addington, Nipissing, Parry Sound, Peel, Simcoe, Timiskaming, Sudbury and \'ictoria. The entire question of screening waters which flow through pri\ate lands is at present under consideration with a view to arranging a definite policy of treating such cases. The feasibility of such screens was the subject of study in waters located in Grey and Peterborough counties. The law regarding the erection or maintenance of screens or other obstructions across water-courses is defined in Section 41 of the Dominion Fisheries Act. 8. Water-Levels The water-Ie\els of the Rideau canal system at vSmith's Falls were investigated and reported upon, the following areas receiving special attention: (a) Reach between Graham lock and Dalton lock; (b) Reach between Dalton lock and Killmarnock lock. 50 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 9. Miscellaneous Studies (a) A Preliminary Report on the Individual Weights of Lake Herring (L. artedi) Taken in Pound Nets off the County of Lamb ton, Lake Huron. The investigation was carried out as the result of complaints registered by the fishermen who stated that the six ounce weight limit is too high to make fishing profitable. The fishermen feel that this weight limit is an unnecessary and great hardship on them, especially when their American neighbours, only about 25 miles across the lake from them, are allowed to take all the herring in their crib. They also claim that herring when liberated from their pound net cribs, even with the greatest care, have lost so many scales when trying to force their way through the back of the crib, etc., that they die very shortly afterwards. The scales of herring are very easily rubbed off and hence the statement of the fishermen has considerable truth in it. The fish measured were taken from the pound nets located at a depth of 16 to 20 feet and scattered fairly well over the pound net fishing grounds of that locality. The following data were collected : Length from (1) Tip of snout to last caudal vertebra. (2) Tip of snout to fork of tail. (2) Tip of snout to tip of tail. (4) Last caudal vertebra to tip of tail. The results of this investigation, as viewed in this preliminary report, support the argument of the fishermen quite strongly. Table I shows that 63.95 per cent, of the 2,000 fish examined are under five ounces in weight, whereas only 8.50 per cent, are six ounces or over, that is, of legal weight under the present law. One of the latter fish weighed 16j^ ounces. TABLE L Weight in Ounces No. of Fish Per Cent. 2 to 2^ 9 144 1126 551 131 29 8 1 1 0,451 7 . 20 63 , 95 3 to 3^ 4 to 43^ 56.30j 5 to 5>^ 27.55 6 to 67/^ 6.55^ 1.45 0.40 0.05 0.05 7 to 7^ 8 to W% 8.50 10 to 10% 161^ The relation between age and weight is shown in Table II. It will be noted that: 1. In this case there are only 55 per cent, under five ounces as against 63.9 per cent, shown in Table I, and 9 per cent, six ounces or over as against 8.5 per cent, in the same table. This is due to the fact that only the first hundred fish are taken into consideration in Table II, whereas the full 2,000 are considered in Table I. 2. Only 2 per cent, of the fish examined to date have not reached their third year and might thus be considered immature, whereas 77 per cent, are in their fourth year or older. 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 51 TABLE II. Number of Fish or Percentage in Each Weight Class Age ounces ounces 5-5 J^ ounces 6—63^ ounces 7-7% ounces Total in each year In 2nd year. . . 2 1 2 "s" 34 7 1 " l" 24 9 1 ' "l" 1 5 1 1 2 In 3rd year 11 In 4th year 62 In 5th year In 6th year 23* 2 Total in each weight class 5 50 35 7 2 100* *One fish in its fifth year, weighed 163^ ounces and is not shown in the table except in the totals. Of the first 100 fish the scales of which have been examined, 53 per cent, were males and 47 per cent, females. Of the 2,000 fish measured, 1,108 (55.4 per cent.) were males and 884 (44.2 per cent.) females. The sex was not determined for eight. All of the fish actually dissected (35 to 40 per cent, were so treated) appeared to be sexually mature. To summarize, the following facts stand out: (1) By far the greater percentage of the fish examined (91.5 per cent.) were under the legal weight limit. (2) Of the first hundred fish examined, 98 per cent, were in their third year or older and hence can be definitely considered mature. (3) All fish actually dissected appeared to be sexually mature. (b) Feeding Experiments with Speckled Trout On account of the paramount importance of diet of artificially reared trout, feeding experiments were renewed at the Provincial Government Fish Hatchery at Mount Pleasant during the summer of 1931 and were conducted along lines similar to those of the previous summer. The results, however, were more satisfactory, since the experiments extended over a longer period of time. The following abstract of Professor J. D. Detwiler's report on the feeding experiments conducted at the Mount Pleasant Hatchery during the summer of 1931 should be of considerable value to fish culturists: Two series of experiments were carried on; one was begun early in June and the second, a supplementary one, during the latter part of July. The former was closed on September 12th and the latter on September 14th. Each series involved 2,000 fingerlings. The diets and their constituent proportions were as follows: Series I— (1) beef liver 100; (2) beef liver 60 and ration A 40; (3) beef heart 60 and clam meal 40; (4) beef heart 60 and ration B 40; (5) ration B 50 and ration C 50; (6) beef melts 50 and ration C 50; (7) hog melts 50 and ration C 50; (8) beef liver 60 and ration D 40; (9) beef liver 60 and ration E 40; (10) ration F 100. Series H— (11) beef liver 100; (12) hog melts 60 and clam meal 40; (13) ration F 100; (14) ration E 100. In each series the beef liver was taken as a standard of comparison. The percentage mortality and the final results are given in the following table : 52 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 Diet No. Mortality per 100 Gain per 100 fish during last 74 days Food and gain ratio Cost per 100 grams Diet No. 1 4.0 2.0 6.0 10 3.5 9 0 11 0 0.0 0.0 8.5 1.0 2.8 0.6 7.6 828 grams 879 " 624 " 535 " 845 " 495 " 698 " 856 " 1017 " *766 " 4.3 : 1 2.8 : 1 4.6 : 1 5.1 : 1 3.1:1 3^9 :'l 3.5 : 1 6.2 : 1 4.0 : 1 3.9 : 1 5.8 : 1 Food changed 9.57c 5.27c 5.62c 9.22c 7.34c 6 '.24c 6.92c 6.79c 8.80c 4.27c 6 . 39c during experi 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 5 6 5 6 7 8 7 8 9 9 10 11 10 11 12 12 13 13 14 ment 14 *This result is in part calculated since the experiment did not run quite 74 days. The mortality was high as compared with that of 1930. This was partly due, at least, to infection and for some unknown reason the fish fed on diets 5, 6, 7 and 10 appeared to be particularly susceptible to it. The percentage of deaths given in the mortality column does not really show this since the time is not given. When the time of death is plotted against the number an epidemic period is distinctly indicated and it is in this period that the deaths, occurring under the diets referred to, chiefly fall. Furthermore, the mortalities do not indicate the condition the fish were in when the experiments were terminated, and for these same fish it was, on the whole, quite unsatisfactory. Consequently, the calculated data for these particular diets are not of much value. On this account some have been omitted. The calculations for diet number 10 were made on the weights obtained at the last weighing when the fish still appeared to be well. The food and gain ratio might be called the food equivalent since it represents the relative weights of the different diets required to produce a unit gain in weight of the fish. The costs per 100 grams gain in weight were calculated on the basis of the following prices per pound: ratio F 5c., beef liver lOc, beef heart 7c., beef melts 6c., clam meal 3.5., ration A 6.5c., hog melts 6c., ration B lOc, ration C lie, ration D 3.25c., ration E 7.5c. With the exception of the raw meats these prices do not include shipping. A study of the data will show that diet number 9 produced extraordinary growth and that the relative cost of production was considerably lower than that of the beef liver. There was no mortality and the fish were in excellent condition. Diet number 2 also gave good results; the food equivalent was very low as also the relative cost of production when compared with that of beef liver. Diet number 8 should be recommended as well, for it showed itself to be superior to beef liver alone. Ration F and ration C were both highly recommended. For some reason, however, both proved to be disappointing. The former contains considerable moisture and this accounts, in part, for its unfavourable food equivalent, but the same reasoning may be applied to the beef liver, for it also contains a high percentage of water. Ration C produces excellent colouration in the fingerlings, approximating that found in the wild state. The clam meal combinations did not prove entirely satisfactory. The writer feels, nevertheless, that this food has possibilities as an ingredient of brook trout diets. 1932 ANNUAL REPORT. 1931 53 The results obtained in the second series checked up very- well with those of the first wherever experiments were duplicated. The food equivalents were slightly lower in these duplications but this may be due to more efficient feeding with the older fingerlings. Ration E when used as a complete diet gave instructive information. Feeding was begun on July 21st and although the fish did not do well the mortality remained very low until about the last of August when it rose rapidly, so much, in fact, that a change was decided upon. Beef liver was then added, changing the diet to that of number 9. After two days no more deaths occurred and the fish did well to the end. These results support those obtained from diet number 9 and taken as a whole in conjunction with those from beef liver, show that ration E and beef liver may be considered complementary foods and that taken together they constitute an efficient and economical diet for brook trout fingerlings. A second series of experiments was conducted by G. A. Mc\^icar following that of R. D. H. Heard of the previous year. A brief abstract of Mr. AlcVicar's valuable findings is as follows: Renewed observations were made on the effect of various proteins in the diets, and on the activation of a basal diet with extracts and extraction residues from fresh liver. Additional studies were made with some other foods. In each experimental trough twenty selected brook trout were used. The troughs were adequately supplied with fresh water and were cleaned once a day. The fish were fed regularly four times a day. Addition of alcohol and acetone extracts of fresh liver and the residue from the alcohol extraction were found to give increased growth, comparable to that produced by a supplement of raw liver, when added at a 20 per cent level to a basal diet consisting of casein 20 per cent., starch 70 per cent., and mineral salts 5 per cent. Negative results were obtained with ether extracts, ether and acetone residues. In the preparation of these liver fractions tempera- tures above 37.5° C. were not used to avoid destruction of any thermo-labile "Factor H" present. In common with R. D. H. Heard, who performed these e.xperiments the previous summer, the beneficial eff"ects of these liver fractions are not considered due to their content of Factor H but to presence in the extract of some protein or other food material not provided by the basal diet. Mr. Heard, in his final report, points out that addition of dried liver also in the long run activated the basal diet to a similar extent. This view is supported by additional experi- ments in which the liver extracts were added to a basal diet of dried liver, and caused no marked activation, although raw liver did. The dried liver presumably lacks only the Factor H of fresh liver, and the liver extracts failed to supply this. Additional experiments with other foods as supplements to this dried liver basal diet showed that hog melts or calf thymus did not cause activation, while salmon egg meal or yeast supplements did show activating properties. Yeast and salmon egg meal apparently supply appreciable amounts of Factor H. Experiments with protein diets showed again that gelatin or albumen were totally inadequate as the sole protein of a diet. It was not found possible, however, to confirm Mr. Heard's findings that these two proteins improved the basal diet of casein, starch and mineral salts to any extent. Additional experiments with dried skim milk as a basal diet showed no marked increase with gelatin as a supplement. Dried skim milk itself gives poor growth, but low mortality, and seems of value as a basal diet in these protein experiments. A very marked increase in growth was caused by addition 54 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 of an unpurified preparation of nucleoprotein (from calf thymus) to the dried skim milk diet. The resultant growth was of the same order as that caused by a diet consisting wholly of raw liver, a result obtained with none of the other experimental diets. This points to the possible importance of phosphorus to the growth of fish. Fish eggs are noteworthy in their content of nucleoprotein, and this also would suggest the importance of this complex phosphate-containing protein to fish. It seems probable from this work that salmon egg meal and dried skim milk may prove of value as ingredients of hatchery diets. Further work seems indicated on the conditions causing disappearance of Factor H from raw liver, its distribution in other food materials, and on the value of nucleoprotein and phosphorus in fish nutrition. (c) An Investigation of the Most Suitable Natural Environment for Lake Trout Fingerlings (Continued from 1930) Work on the experiments involved in this investigation was commenced in 1930 by J. H. Fox, Science Master, Windsor Collegiate Institute, under the supervision of the Biologist and Director of the Branch. The work was continued in 1931 by J. H. Fox' and H. J. Perkin. The experiments were carried out ofif Port Bowmanville, Lake Ontario, and the following abstracts taken from Mr. Fox's report explain the methods followed and the results of the problem: "Lake trout fingerlings were placed in cages constructed of galvanized iron with No. 20 galvanized iron wire mesh, eight to an inch, on the top and bottom. The wire riveted to the frame-work. A galvanized iron shield extended two inches below the bottom of each cage. The cages were of two sizes, the large ones being 18 inches long, 15 inches wide and 10 inches deep; and the smaller ones 15 inches long, 12 inches wide and 8 inches deep. They were allowed to rest upon the bottom, excepting in the open water experiments, being anchored at one end and attached to a buoy at the other. These cages were placed in various positions in Lake Ontario opposite Port Bowmanville and examined once a week to determine the rate of mortality and general condition of the enclosed fish. At each examination live specimens were removed for stomach analysis. At the same time water samples for analysis were taken in the vicinity of each cage. Plankton collections and temperature records were also taken at the time of each examination. Bottom dredges were made from time to time. Plankton collections were made with a vertical closing net consisting of an upper truncated cone of heavy cotton and a lower straining cone of No. 20 silk bolting cloth, about 6,000 meshes to the square centimetre with openings of 0.001 to 0.003 square millimetres. The lower end of the straining cone bore a cylindrical metal bucket, the lower end of which was covered with No. 20 silk bolting cloth. A vertical haul was made near each cage at the time of examination. The length of the haul was ten metres except where the water was too shallow. It began as close to the bottom as the apparatus would permit and proceeded at the approximate rate of one-half metre per second. A Negretti-Zambra reversing thermometer was used for the temperature records. Bottom samples were obtained with an Ekman dredge and washed through screens in the usual manner. The hydrogen ion content of the water was determined by the colorimetric method immediately after the sample was taken. Other water samples were 1932 ANNUAL REPORT. 1Q31 55 taken in 250 c.c. glass-stoppered bottles, and immediately packed in ice for laboratory analysis. Analyses were made for oxygen, normal carbonates and hydroxides, bicarbonates, etc. For methods see the thirty-eighth annual report, Provincial Board of Health, Ontario, 1919. Experiments were divided into two series known as Series I and Series II. Each experiment was conducted in duplicate to reduce accidental errors and to provide a check on the results obtained. Duplicates were lettered "A" and "B." Cage "A" was located east of cage "B." Careful precautions were taken in lowering and raising the fish in the water. The temperature of the water from the bottom to the eight-metre level was recorded at four-metre intervals and at two-metre intervals from the eight- metre level to the surface. The rate of lowering and raising was adjusted so that the fish did not experience a temperature change more rapid than one centigrade degree per minute. Raising and lowering was not done continuously, several rest periods being allowed to enable the fish to adjust themselves to the new pressures. The cages were lowered and raised by means of a windlass with an eight to one ratio. Counts to determine the distribution of copepods were made. The con- centrated plankton haul was gently but thoroughly agitated and a 5 c.c. sample was removed. The copepods in this sample were counted under a binocular microscope and the total number in the haul was then calculated. The sample was then returned to the bottle which was sent to the Department for confirmation. Enough fish stomachs were analysed to give the writer an idea of what was being eaten at each location. The remainder were sent to the Department for analysis. To understand the lake conditions one must consider the normal and unusual movements of the water. Under the influence of westerly winds, there is usually a marked west to east drift along the shore. This is characterized by clear, cold water with a definite thermocline. It bears an abundant copepod fauna whose region of maximum density is usually about eight metres below the surface. This region rises or lowers with changing conditions; light and temperature being the two most apparent factors. Occasionally in the early summer and more often in the late summer, easterly winds set up an unusual east to west drift of water along the shore. As a rule such a drift lasts from a few days to a week but this year an east to west drift began on August 2nd and continued without interruption until August 16th. On August 16th strong westerly winds reversed it, but it changed back again on August 19th and flowed east to west without interruption until the time of writing (August 26th). This drift brought large quantities of warm water toward the shore. The thermocline gradually lowered and then disappeared. By August 13th the water, at 16 metres depth, one mile from shore, had reached a temperature of 20.6 degrees C. at the bottom and 20.7 degrees C. at the top. The warm water first lowered the region of maximum copepod density and later reduced the copepod population to less than 20 per cent, of what it had been under normal conditions. The return to a normal drift on August 16th was followed by a marked increase in the copepod population. During the east to west drift the water was more turbid than usual. The bottom of the lake slopes downward at the rate of about 16 metres per mile. Close to the shore it is composed of sand and silt and a certain amount of debris. Opposite the headlands there are many stones ranging in size up 56 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 to large boulders. These are evidently derived from the glacial deposits common along the shore. At a depth of a little over 5 metres the silt disappears and at 8 metres depth the bottom is composed of clean sand. Between 8 and 12 metres depth, the sandy bottom gives way to black, porous rock sometimes bare and sometimes covered with a thin layer of sand. This type of bottom continues to a depth of at least 32 metres. The bottom fauna is fairly abundant at a depth of 5 metres, not so abundant at 8 metres and beyond the latter depth only stray forms are found. During the normal drift of water, the most favourable environment for the fish held in cages on the bottom was found to be at a depth of 8 metres. In deeper water, mortality rates became progressively higher and they were slightly higher at a depth of 5 metres. At 8 metres depth the region of maximum copepod density is close to the bottom and there is a considerable bottom fauna. The water is usually clear and cold. It is deep enough to be free of most of the silvering movements found in shallower water and a headland to the west protects the region from the sweeping currents that make the bottom so inhospitable in deeper water. At 12 metres depth and over, the bottom fauna is scarce and most of the copepods are to be found a considerable distance above the bottom. At 5 metres depth food is abundant but the water often becomes warm and turbid. During the east to west drift the mortality rate was lowest in deep water, a depth of 20 metres providing the most favourable environment. Closer to shore the water was warm and turbid and the food supply was reduced. At 20 metres depth the water was cool, the thermocline was close to the bottom and a greater number of copepods had been forced into the deeper water. This investigation has indicated quite definitely the location of the best environments for fish confined in cages on the bottom. If the fish were free to move around, the range of suitable environment would be much greater. In cages, they must wait for their food to come to them. If they were free, they could follow the movements of the food supply and live in places where food was not so limited. Fish that come from the hatchery in good condition do not eat much during the first week after liberation. Daphnia are usually the first choice of food but by the second week copepods have become the main diet. Since copepods live in open water, lake trout fingerlings may live there also. As has been pointed out, the open water experiments were not successful because of mechanical difficulties. If these fish require the protection of a quiet bottom, the 8-metre depth is the best place for them. It is recommended that under similar conditions to those found normally in Lake Ontario at Port Bowmanville, lake trout fingerlings be liberated below the thermocline in water about 8 metres deep. Under such conditions as prevailed during the time of the east to west drift, it is recommended that they be liberated close to the bottom in water about 20 metres deep. It might be safe to combine these recommendations by advising that the fish be liberated below the thermocline and close to the bottom. The investigation might be continued with profit along three lines. Trolling might be done in the regions found by experiment to provide the most favourable environment, in an attempt to find lake trout fingerlings and also to find out what enemies live in these areas. A more complete survey of the movements of the copepod fauna would be instructive. An investigation of the region just above the bottom, in water whose depth was 5 metres or less, would add considerably to the information at hand." 1932 ANNUAL REPORT. 1931 57^ FISH CULTURE Satisfactory progress is being made in the fish cultural work of the Department by means of its numerous hatcheries and rearing stations. Quantity of fish distributed is often considered the index of progress in fish culture, but this is only true when the quality, that is, the fitness of the fish to withstand the vicissitudes and struggle for existence in open waters is considered, and when the planting methods are in accordance with existing knowledge. Provincial fish hatcheries under Provincial jurisdiction were the first to go into the propagation of game-fish and that, by the way, was their original objective. This programme was slightly altered in 1926 when eight hatcheries located in Ontario and under the control of the Dominion Government were taken over. Although these are chiefly concerned with the propagation of com- mercial fish, whenever suitable arrangements or modifications can be made to assist in the production of fingerling fish as in the case of trout such facilities are established. However, with the development of rearing stations for the culture of larger trout at strategic points throughout the Province the propa- gation of game-fish species at commercial fish hatcheries with the possible exceptions of lake trout, maskinonge and pickerel will be more or less abandoned. The centralization of the culture of speckled trout at rearing stations leaves commercial fish hatcheries free to carry on lake trout to the fingerling grade, that is, in limited numbers and providing the water supplying the hatchery is suitable for the purpose. Speckled Trout The limitations set on the culture of trout excepting as fry and early finger- lings were overcome by the establishment of the Normandale Trout Ponds in 1924. This station acts as a focal point for speckled trout eggs supplied to rearing stations in southern Ontario. A rearing station is a semi-natural or artificial enclosure of wood construction placed along a stream run in sequence or battery arrangement. Before a site is chosen it is given a rigorous inspection by officials of the Biological and Fish Culture Branch of the Department and, briefly, must meet the following requirements — a spring source under absolute control; control of the major portion of the stream run; excellent physical and chemical conditions of the water including temperature control throughout the year; proper requirements of volume and gradient; accessibility must be such that speedy delivery of fish by truck and rail is made possible. Three subsidiary and two major trout rearing stations meeting with the above requirements were established during the past two years. The subsidiary stations are located (1) at the headwater springs supplying Gibson's creek. Provincial Government Reforestry Farm, Charlotteville township, Norfolk county; (2) headwater springs supplying Marsh creek, near Codrington, North- umberland county; (3) deep-seated springs, Petawawa township, near Pembroke, Renfrew county. These three stations will be able to handle at least one and a half million fingerling trout. The new major stations are located at the headwaters of Coldwater creek, near Sault Ste. Marie, District of Algoma, and at the headwaters of Spring Creek, near Dorion, Thunder Bay District. The water supply at the Sault Ste. Marie Trout Rearing Station is excellent from the standpoint of temperature, quality and volume, the latter measuring 58 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 well over 1,200 gallons per minute. During the year one million and nine thousand (1,009,000) speckled trout fingerlings measuring from three to five inches were successfully reared and distributed from this station, and it is possible to rear at least one million and a half speckled trout from the egg stage to the large or late fingerling stage. Suitable pond space is available for adult fish from which spawn is obtained for supplying the station in question. Distribution will be confined largely to Algoma and adjacent easterly districts. Dorion Trout Rearing Station is seven miles from the village of Dorion, located on the Canadian National and Canadian Pacific Railways. There are good roads to the headwaters of Spring Creek on which the station is built and the volume of water obtained is more or less phenomenal, being in the neighbour- hood of 4,000 gallons per minute. The temperature and quality of this water are also excellent. Distribution from this station will be confined to the District of Thunder Bay and westerly districts. Present arrangements are such that at least one million and a half speckled trout fingerlings may be handled there. m i ^^T^^^^^M^^^^B o --» _ _ j_^ ■■- V 1 il ^■j 1 W' >: m 1 k IrJ my'' ^»4 ■K? 1 _^jMM i*% -X-I'- A typical speckled trout pool. These facilities for the culture of trout which the Government has brought into being provide for a possible distribution of five million fingerling and large trout in the very near future, barring accidents and disease which fish, like all other animals, are heir to. In 1930 the total distribution of speckled trout amounted to 2,592,199 approximately, and in 1931 to 2,842,840. Brown Trout The stocking policy regarding the experimental plantings of brown trout as outlined in two previous annual reports is being followed, that is, brown trout distribution will be restricted to definite locations investigated by our biological staff and reported upon as suitable, in order that the success or failure of their introduction may be properly studied and accounted for. The culture of brown trout is confined to the Provincial Fish Hatchery at Mount Pleasant, where a permanent breeding stock is maintained. Facilities 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 59 are provided at the Provincial Fish Hatchery at Kenora for the handHng of this species to the fry stage for distribution in suitable trout lakes in that district. Whether this introduction will meet with success must still be proven. Should success attend these efforts, the Dorion Trout Rearing Station will be in a position to handle brown trout for distribution in suitable waters of Kenora and Rainy River districts. Brown trout distribution increased from 70,500 in 1930 to 900,600 in 1931. Rainbow Trout The rainbow trout distribution increased from 81,505 in 1930 to 193,925 in 1931. No general distribution of this species in the waters of Ontario is contemplated, but a controlled distribution is underway, the locations of which are indicated in Appendix No. 1 of this report. At the present time rainbow trout culture is confined to the Normandale Hatchery, where facilities are provided for rearing fingerling fish for distribution. The permanent breeding stock are maintained in a pond on the course of the Normandale stream. If the distribution of this species to the larger trout streams and lakes of northern Ontario is undertaken, the Sault Ste. Marie Trout Rearing Station will be in a position to handle this distribution. Lake Trout The output of the lake trout fry and fingerlings increased from 19,138,002 in 1930 to 22.108,900 in 1931. During the year a total of 18,179,925 fingerlings were distributed as opposed to 3,928,975 fry. Of the total distribution of fry and fingerlings 20,512,400 were deposited in commercially-fished waters and 1,596.500 in game-fish waters. Yellow Pickerel (Pike-Perch or Dore) The decline in the total number of pickerel distributed in 1931 as compared with the previous year was largely due to the unsuccessful spawn-taking operations at the Manitou Rapids, Rainy River district. The nets were set in places where good catches of fish in proper conditions for spawning had been obtained before. Low water conditions existed to a greater extent than in previous springs and this may have had some effect on the course taken by the pickerel, that is, causing them to run in the deeper channel along the American shore. It was observed that the fish remained in swift water where it was impossible to set pound nets on account of the rocky nature of the bottom. It was also observed that very few females were taken; of a total of 200 fish taken in the pound net, 10 were females, and the fish in general were much smaller than those which usually constitute the run during the spawning period. An additional dis- advantage at this station was that the eggs matured at different periods. Spawn-taking operations for pickerel at Beaverhouse lake. Rainy River district, were successful. The yield from this area in 1930 amounted to 30,000,000 eggs and in 1931 to 38,100,000 eggs. Of the total production 110,660,000 were 60 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 deposited in commercially-fished waters and 23,790,000 in game-fish waters. In addition, 2,000,000 eyed eggs were supplied Sparrow lake hatchery. The unsatisfactory season at the Bay of Quinte station, operated from the Glenora Hatchery, also contributed to the reduced output. Whitefish The increase in the distribution of whitefish fry from 277,100,000 in 1930 to 342,107,000 in 1931 was due, in the main, to the favourable weather conditions in Lake Superior, Georgian Bay, Lakes Erie and Ontario, the hatcheries at Port Arthur, Collingwood, Normandale, Belleville, and Glenora, located on these waters, contributing towards successful spawn-taking operations and increased output. 1,000,000 eyed whitefish eggs were exchanged and 500,000 distributed. See Appendix 1, page 76. Lake Herring A glance at Appendix No. 3 will reveal that the distribution of lake herring fry is on the up-grade. Since 1926 a gradual improvement has been evident, the increase in 1931 over that of 1930 being 9,738,000. The successful spawn- taking operations carried on by the hatcheries at Belleville and Glenora have been largely responsible for this improvement. Maskinonge The artificial propagation of maskinonge fry is carried out each spring in a portable type of hatchery located on the Pigeon river at Omemee in Victoria county. The bulk of the fry reared has been planted in the Pigeon river and suitable waters in the counties of Victoria and Peterborough. During the year a bulletin entitled "The Maskinonge and Its Conservation" was published by the Department. This deals with the interesting subject of maskinonge culture and may be obtained from the Department on request. Black Bass The subject of black bass propagation is one which has been given the closest possible attention by the Biological and Fish Culture Branch. The small-mouthed black bass holds the admiration of most anglers and is ranked as the gamest fish that swims. Re-stocking depleted waters with small-mouthed black bass or large- mouthed black bass must be viewed from many angles, particularly on account of the large extent of the waters with which we have to deal. The introduction of small quantities of bass-fry or fingerlings to inshore waters of the Great Lakes and such large inland lakes as Nipissing and Simcoe appears unnecessary when we consider the numbers of bass fry produced in these waters annually by natural propagation. Suitable restrictive measures on inshore waters and large inland lakes pertaining to bag limit, size limit, season and closed areas should suffice. No one remedy will succeed in reaching our objective, namely, to maintain and, if possible, to improve the bass fishing in Provincial waters. The courses being pursued to establish such conditions are: 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 61 (1) The protection of the bass during the spawning season. A closed season on bass previous to July 1st and after October 15th is in operation. This closed season has undoubtedly saved many a male bass from capture while guarding its nest and in this way has provided protection for multitudes of eggs which would otherwise fall a prey to enemies. (2) Closure of depleted waters in order to give them a chance to become rehabilitated. (3) Successful operations for the harvesting of small-mouthed black bass were carried out in the following waters: Bass lake in Purdom and Booth townships of Thunder Bay district yielded 277 fingerlings and 684 yearlings and adults. The shores of a typical small-mouthed black bass lake. Fox lake, 12 miles from Kenora in Kenora district, yielded 514 yearlings and adults. Bass were introduced to Fox lake by the Department in 1913. Herridge lake in the townships of Strathcona and Law, Nipissing district, yielded 1,800 fingerlings. Green lake. Brougham township, Renfrew county, yielded 2,008 fingerlings and 1,322 yearlings and adults. Thus it has given an even greater yield than last year. Operations were carried out on Little Gull lake, near Minden in Haliburton county, for the first time with the result that 2,840 yearlings and adults were obtained. Evidently, this is an excellent lake for harvesting operations. For the purpose of comparing the distribution of harvested bass in 1930 and 1931, it will be interesting to note that 21,500 fry and 1,970 small-mouthed black bass fingerlings were distributed in 1930. The fingerling distribution 62 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 was increased to 4,085 in 1931. By such means also 2,062 yearling and adult small-mouthed black bass were distributed in 1930 and this was increased to 5,630* in 1931. Successful operations for the harvesting of large-mouthed black bass were carried out on Wiltse creek, Lansdowne and -Leeds townships in Leeds county, another water used for this purpose for the first time; it yielded 330 fingerlings and 3,943 yearlings and adults. This is another excellent water for harvesting operations. In addition to the waters in which actual operations were carried out, the following were tested as possible sites for future use: Smudge lake, near Uphill, A maskinonge-pike-large-mouthed black bass environment. Victoria county; Salmon lake, Cavendish township, Peterborough county; Pigeon lake, near Minden, Haliburton county; Jumping Caribou lake, Olive and Law townships, Nipissing district. All are impracticable sites with the exception of Salmon lake, which offers some possibilities. (4) Pond culture — Small-mouthed black bass reared in and distributed from Ontario Government ponds were as follows: 1930 1931 Fry Fingerlings Yearlings and Adults Total . . 364,591 6,464 60 371,115 332,500 88,900 289 421,689 *This figure includes 270 adult small-mouthed black bass harvested for propagatory purposes. 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 63 Pond culture of large-mouthed black bass was commenced in 1931 and from one small experimental pond 35,000 fry and 18,310 fingerlings were distributed. These figures show that the pond culture of bass is in no sense of the word at a standstill and as soon as a suitable location and funds are available more extensive propagation of bass will be the next major step in the itinerary of the Branch. It may be interesting to note in passing that the propagation of golden shiners as forage for bass is also underway and gives every hope of success. FOURTH GREAT LAKES FISHERIES CONFERENCE The Fourth Great Lakes Fisheries Conference was held at the Buffalo Museum of Science, Humboldt Park, Buffalo, New York, October 12, 1931. William C. Adams, Chief of the Division of Fish and Game, New York State Conservation Department, presided at the meeting. The representatives of the States of the United States bordering the Great Lakes and the Province of Ontario in attendance at the meeting were as follows: Chairman, William C. Adams, Chief of Division of Fish and Game, New York State Conservation Department. Pennsylvania: Commissioner O. J. Deibler. Ohio: Mr. E. L. Wickliff, Chief, Bureau of Scientific Research. Dr. T. H. Langlois, Chief, Bureau of Fish Propagation. Mr. Charles E. Lay, Member of the Conservation Council, Division of Conservation. Mr. Harry Crossley, Chief of Bureau, Lake Erie Supervision, Ohio Division of Conservation. Michigan: Mr. W. H. Loutit, Chairman, Conservation Commission. Mr. W. J. Lambert, Secretary and Manager, Michigan Commercial Fisher- men's Association. Province of Ontario: Mr. H. H. MacKay, Biologist and Director, Fish Culture Branch, repre- senting the Department of Game and Fisheries. United States Bureau of Fisheries: Mr. Lewis Radcliffe. Deputy Commissioner. Mr. Glen C. Leach, Chief Division of Fish Culture. Mr. Elmer Higgins, Chief, Division of Scientific Inquiry. Dr. John Van Oosten, in charge of Great Lakes Investigations. Mr. J. P. Snyder, in charge of Fish Cultural Operations in New York. New York State: Dr. Emmeline Moore, Investigator in Fish Culture. Dr. Geo. C. Embody, Professor of Aquiculture, Cornell University. Mr. Summer H. Cowden, Superintendent of Fish Culture, Division of Fish and Game. Mr. Morris W. Brackett, Chief Inspector of New York State. Mr. W. E. Tillman, Inspector, Buffalo District. Mr. Justin T. Mahoney, Superintendent, Inland Fisheries. 64 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 The condition of the lakes' fisheries and methods of control and improve- ment were discussed. One of the important results of the meeting was the formation of a small advisory committee to go into the various contentious points pertaining to uniform regulations on the various lakes. In this way a better understanding of the requirements and meaning of uniform regulations will result and more definite progress will be made. EDUCATIONAL PROPAGANDA During the year two pamphlets on the maskinonge and bass and their conservation were published by the Department. These pamphlets, which were prepared at the request of the Ontario Federation of Anglers, have had a wide circulation and have been favourably and appreciatively received. During the year, also, officials of the Branch have been actively engaged in placing before game and fish societies and other organizations the fish cultural work carried on by the Department, the interpretation of the regulations, and the advantages of conservation. At the present time there prevails, probably more than ever before, a deep sense of the need of conservation and a more heartfelt conception of the elements which constitute true sportsmanship. The desire to destroy wild life is being slowly but surely replaced by a greater desire to enjoy its beauties and manifold charms from the naturalist's point of view. CLOSED WATERS The following waters are closed to all fishing: Bass Lake, townships of Purdom and Booth, district of Thunder Bay; indefinite closure for bass propagation. Beryl Lake, north half of section 26, township of \"ankoughnet, district of Algoma; closed until May 1st, 1931. Brough's Creek, township of South Orillia, county of Simcoe; closed until June 2nd, 1934, for rainbow trout propagation. Cat, or Finger Lake, concessions 19, 20, 21, township of Blair, county of Parry Sound; indefinite closure for bass propagation. Cedar Creek, Pitch Creek, and Whitewood Creek, district of Thunder Bay; closed until May 31st, 1933, for speckled trout propagation. Crooked Lake, district of Sudbury, Missinabi Lake, districts of Sudbury and Algoma, and that portion of Dog Lake lying north of the right-of-way of the Canadian Pacific Railway and located in the districts of Algoma and Sudbury; all closed until July 1st, 1932, for bass propagation. Eagle Lake, township of Anstruther, county of Peterborough, closed for three years commencing August 1st, 1929, for brown trout propagation. Esnaganii Lake, townships of Esnagami, Rupert and Alpha, and unsurveyed territory; Kawash- kagamiLake, township of Sexton ; Fleming River, township of Sexton ; Fleming Lake, townships of Sexton, Danford, and unsurveyed territory; Kawashkagami Creek, lying between Fleming lake and Island lake, in unsurveyed territory — all in the district of Thunder Bay; closed indefinitely, for speckled trout propagation. Fox Lake, twelve miles from Kenora, in unsurveyed territory of the district of Kenora; closed indefinitely, for bass propagation. Green Lake, concessions 6, 7 and 8, township of Brougham, county of Renfrew; indefinite closure, for bass propagation. Herridge Lake, townships of Strathcona and Law, district of Nipissing; indefinite closure, for bass propagation. Lake on the Mountain, at Glenora, Prince Edward County; owned by the Crown and closed for hatchery purposes and for bass propagation. Sucker Lake, township of Assiginack, district of Manitoulin ; indefinite closure for bass propagation Needing River (near Fort William), Current River (north branch). District of Thunder Bay, closed to all fishing. 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 65 The following are examples of cases where game fish are protected, and where propagation may be carried on at the discretion of the Department: *Lake of the Woods: 1. Clearwater Bay. 4. Bigstone Bay. 2. Woodchiick Bay. 5. Rat Portage. 3. Andrews Bay. 6. Popular Bay. 7. Lobstick Bay, closed especially for hatchery purposes. 8. Sabaskong Bay (maskinonge sanctuary'). — This includes all the waters in the bay, and inlets and bays tributary thereto lying east of a line drawn northeast from the west side of Brule point to the westerly extremity of Rabbit point. 9. White Partridge Bav. — In this instance the line is drawn across from Zigzag point south of 105P; thence to I.R. 38a. Kenora District: 1. Little Vermilion Lake, township of \'ermilion, district of Kenora. 2. Pelican Lake, Kenora (near Pelican on C.N.R.); lake trout and pickerel propagation. Rainy River District: Stanjikoming Bay. ^ Lake Nipigon: In regard to gill nets authorized for Lake Nipigon , one of the conditions reads as follows : ' 'Gill nets authorized in the license shall not be set, placed, or located within one thousand yards of the mouth of any tributary, river, creek, or stream, nor within two miles from \'irgin falls, and no nets shall be set on speckled trout spawning grounds, or on grounds set aside for the taking of spawn by the Department, namely: West bay. Chief bay, Ombabika bay. Black Sturgeon bay, south of Long point in South bay, and those waters lying east of a line drawn from one mile west of Poplar point to one mile west of High Hill river, or in other waters as directed." Lake Superior: Nipigon Bay, closed permanently. Algoma District: Echo Lake, township of Kehoe; closed for hatchery purposes (pickerel). Manitoulin Island: 1. Kagawong Lake. 2. Manitoii Lake. 3. Mindemoya Lake. Georgian Bay Waters: \. Entrance to Spanish River. 3. McGregor Bay, closed indefinitely. 2. Whitefish Bay, closed indefinitely. 4. Killarney Bay, closed indefinitely. 5. East Shore. Condition 19 of the conditions governing licensees states: "No nets shall be set in that portion of the waters of Georgian bay east of a line drawn northwesterly from the most westerly point of Moore's point; thence northwesterly to the most southwesterly point of Beausoleil island ; then continuing northwesterly to Gin Island ; to Smooth island; to Whaleback Beacon; to Eshpadekong island; to the easterly side of Pine island; to Phillimore rock; to Bass Group islands; to Barbara rock; to Campbell's island ; to the most easterly end of Sandy island ; to the westerly side of Pancake island ; to the most westerly point of Franklin island; to Twin island; to Groundhog island; to Hang Dog island; to Champlain island; to Tie island, and to the mouth of the French river." 6. Matchedash Bay, closed July and August. 7. Colpoy's Bay, closed to commercial fishing permanently; used for lake trout propagation. Lake St. Clair: Mitchell's Bay, closed to commercial fishing during the months of May, June, July, and August. Lake Erie : Inner Bay of Long Point; Bay, closed to commercial fishing with the exception of seining and hoop netting, which must not be carried on during the spawiiing season of black bass. Fishing of this nature is prohibited during the months of May, June, July, and August. *Lakeof the Woods. See pages 112, 113 of 1931 revision of Ontario Game and Fisheries Laws. 66 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In conclusion, I desire to publicly express my appreciation of the assistance and support which has been rendered to the Department throughout the year. The members of the staff, of both the inside and outside services, have faithfully and zealously carried out any and all duties which have been allotted to them, and the spirit of loyal co-operation in the performance of the work has at all times been evident. Our work has been made more pleasant and attractive by reason of the assistance and co-operation rendered by the transportation companies and the various Fish and Game Protective Associations throughout the Province, the officers and members of which latter organizations having at all times worked in conjunction v/ith the Department and its various officers, in an earnest endeavour to secure a proper observance of the provisions of The Ontario Game and Fisheries Act. All of which is respectfully submitted. I am. Sir, Your obedient servant, D. McDonald, Deputy Minister of Game and Fisheries. 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 67 APPENDIX No. 1 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1931 Note. — "C" before the figures indicates Commercially Fished Waters. Black Bass Fry Addington : Little Weslemkoom lake .... Bruce: Cameron lake . Durham: Rice lake .... Elgin : Lake Pinafore City Reservoir (St. Thomas). Grey: Mountain lake Haldimand: McKenzie creek. Hastings: Devil lake Island lake Moira river. . . . Paudash lake . . . Snow lake Lambton : Sydenham river (C) Lanark: Otty lake Manitoulin : Dingman's creek. Muskoka: Devine lake Dickie's lake Fawn lake Koshee lake Long lake (Muskoka) . Long's lake Morrison lake Muldrew lake Sparrow lake Webster lake Northumberland : Crow bay Little lake (Cramahe) Ontario: Lake St. John . Wagner's lake . Oxford: Homer's creek . Peterborough: Belmont lake. . Clear lake Chemong lake . Oak lake Round lake . . . Stoney lake. . . 2,500 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 Simcoe: Bass lake and tributaries Boyne river Couchiching lake (C) Severn river \'ictoria : Trent canal (C) Went worth : Hamilton bay York: Black river (C) Lake Simcoe (C) Lake Wilcox 10,000 5,000 10,000 40,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 367,500 Black Bass Fingerlings Addington : Lime lake South Beaver lake White lake Brant: Mohawk lake Bruce: Miller lake Teeswater river. Carleton : Constance creek. Durham: Rice lake Scugog lake .... Frontenac: Draper's lake Eagle lake Elbow lake Fishing lake Long lake (Barrie-Clarendon). " (Hinchinbrooke).. . (Portland) Mississagon lake Sand lake (Clarendon) Sharbot lake White lake Wolf lake Grey: Mulock'slake (Sale). Glengarry : St. Lawrence river. . Haliburton: East Moore's lake. Percy lake Hastings: Moira lake. Stoco lake . 83 50 50 5,000 1,000 1,000 75 2,000 100 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 280 60 60 2,000 135 2,000 2,000 50 50 68 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, i93l~Continued Kenora: Big Vermilion lake (C) Kent: Rondeau bay . (C) Lanark: Christie lake. . Dalhousie lake. Patterson lake. Pike lake White lake Leeds: Charleston lake Otter lake Rideau lake (C) Sand Lake (North Crosby) .... " (South Crosby) . . . . Troy lake Whitefishlake (C) Lincoln : Si.xteen Mile creek. Twenty Mile creek. Middlesex: Thames river. Muskoka: Bass lake . . . . Brook's lake . , Buck lake. . . . Rose lake . . . . Ni pissing: Cache lake Pine lake Nosbonsing lake Lake Nipissing (C) Tilden lake Traverse lake Turtle lake Northumberland : Little lake (Cramahe) Percy Reach lake .... Trent river Ontario: Lake St. John . Wagner's lake . Oxford: Horner's creek. Parr\- Sound: Bill's lake Burnt lake Blackwater lake . . Caribou lake Cecebe lake Commanda lake . . Duck lake Limestone lake . . . Little Clam lake. . Long lake Magnetawan lake. Maple lake Ill 5,000 120 60 50 100 60 62 60 720 60 102 150 50 500 500 1,260 1,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 225 215 150 250 150 1,000 235 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 500 1,000 1,000 Parry Sound — Continued Mary Jane lake Mill lake Otter lake Pickerel river Powell's lake Star lake Whitefish lake Peel: Credit river. Perth: Maitland river and tributaries (C) Victoria lake Peterborough : Belmont lake Buckhom lake Chemong lake Clear lake Little Bald lake Loon lake Lovesick lake Round lake Renfrew: Kurd's lake. . Golden lake . . Muskrat lake. Simcoe: Cook's lake Couchiching lake (C) Little lake Orr lake Sturgeon bay (C) Thunder Bay: Kashabowie lake Lac des Mille Lacs Two Island lake Timiskaming: Lake Temagami . Twin lake Victoria: Balsam lake Big Mud Turtle lake. Cameron lake Head lake Pigeon lake Sturgeon lake Waterloo : Sunfish lake. . Wellington : Pike lake. . . . Puslinch lake. 2,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 500 3,000 5,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 500 1,000 2,000 2,000 390 50 75 100 2,000 410 100 100 160 98 19 125 275 3,000 500 2,000 500 3,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 5,000 111,625 Black Bass From One to Six Years Old Algoma : Keichel lake 132 (Transfer) Marion lake 100 (Transfer) 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 69 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1931— Continued Frontenac: Kirkham's lake . Miller's lake. . . Haliburton: Cranberry lake Gull lake Horseshoe lake Kashamagamog lake . Kashalong lake Monmouth lake Long lake Loon lake Paudash lake Pollewog West lake. : Yankton lake Kenora : Eagle lake (C) Fox lake Malachi lake Thunder lake Waskesin lake Lanark: Christie lake Mississippi river Leeds: Charleston lake Delta lake Higley lake Kellenbeck lake Newboro lake Opinecon lake Long lake Otter lake Rideau lake Sand lake (South Crosby) Singleton lake Troy lake Upper Beverley lake (C) Kent: Lake St. Clair. Nipissing: Lake Nipissing. Peterboro : Belmont lake. . Chemong lake . Round lake. . . Stoney lake . . . Loon lake (C) (C) Rainy River: Clearwater lake Mercury lake Rainy lake (C) Straw Hat lake Simcoe: Little lake Thunder Bay: Bass lake Kashabowie lake . 129 126 150 300 500 250 75 100 150 150 140 100 100 100 60 60 60 62 36 120 180 60 365 148 250 551 307 145 200 208 344 120 200 108 180 175 100 100 100 2,029 100 22 26 51 26 15 103 90 Thunder Bay — Continued. Lac des Mille Lacs Loon lake . . Two Island lake Victoria: Balsam lake. . Pigeon river. . Sturgeon lake. Golden Shiners Prince Edward: Lake on the Mountain . Maskinonc/e Durham: Lake Scugog . Northumberland : Trent river. . . . Peterborough : Stoney lake . Victoria: Balsam lake. . Cameron lake . Pigeon river. . Pigeon lake . . Sturgeon lake. Herring Frontenac: Silver lake. Hastings: Baptiste lake. Peterborough : Loon lake . . . . 87 109 295 100 100 100 10,094 1,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 65,000 50.000 25,000 100,000 Prince Edward : Bay of Quinte (C) 17,470,000 Great Lakes: Lake Huron 5,500,000 " Erie 2,000,000 " Ontario 11,250,000 36,395,000 Perch Middlesex: Lukin pond 400 (Transfer) Pickerel Eyed-Eggs Muskoka: Sparrow Lake 2,000,000 70 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1931— Continued Pickerel Fry Addington : Napanee River (C) Salmon River South Beaver Lake White Lake Algoma : Echo Lake (Kehoe) " " (Indian Reserve).. . Fawn Lake Gouiais River JacqueHne Lake Bruce: Burford lake . Carleton : Constance creek. Mississippi river. Durham: Rice lake Frontenac: Cross lake. Crow lake Elbow lake Big Gull lake Long Lake (Hinchinbrooke) " (Portland) Sharbot Lake White Lake Grey : Lake Monroe (McCullough'sj. Mountain lake Glengarry: Lake St. Francis. . St. Lawrence river. Haliburton : Gross lake. ...... (O (C) 2,000,000 100,000 25,000 25,000 L500,000 1,500,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 500,000 50,000 50,000 325,000 300,000 320,000 25,000 125,000 50,000 20,000 100,000 250,000 1,500,000 45,000 Hastings: Latta Creek (Moira Lake) .... 25,000 Moira River 50,000 Salmon river 450,000 Kenora : Big Vermillion 3,000,000 Eagle Lake (Vermillion Bay)(C) 4,000,000 Lac Seul (C) 5,000,000 Lake of the Woods (C) 39,000,000 Murchison Lake 250,000 Nile & Trop Lakes (Tributaries to Wabigoon) 250,000 Stanzikimi lake (C) 500,000 Upper Manitou lake (C) 1,000,000 Wabigoon lake (C) 2,000,000 Lambton : Sydenham river. Lanark: Bennett's lake. . Christie's lake. . Kerr's lake (C) 250,000 20,000 50,000 10,000 Lanark — Continued Mississippi lake. . White lake Leeds: Sand lake . 250,000 100,000 100,000 Muskoka Lake: Muskoka lake 1,350,000 Sparrow lake 1,000,000 Three Mile lake 200,000 Nipissing: Net Lake Nosbonsing lake. Talon lake Northumberland : Trent river Ontario: Lake St. John Parry Sound: Ahmic lake Caribou lake Cecebe lake Deer Lake Doe lake Isabelle lake Magnetawan lake. Osier lake Owl lake Pickerel lake Pickerel river McKeown's lake. . Ryan's lake Stewart's lake. . . . Peel : Credit river. Peterborough : Otonabee river. 50,000 300,000 200,000 500,000 200,000 250,000 200,000 250,000 100,000 100,000 200,000 750,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 50,000 200,000 200,000 Prince Edward : Bay of Quinte (C) 3,080,000 Rainy River: Rainy lake (C) 30,100,000 Russell: Castor river. Simcoe: Lake Couchiching (C) Gloucester pool Nottawasaga Bay (C) Sturgeon Bay (Matchedash)(C) Severn river 25,000 500,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 750,000 Sudbury: Maple lake 100,000 Lake Penage 3,000,000 Timiskaming: Barber's Bay. Long Lake . . . Larder Lake. . 100,000 50,000 250,000 1932 ANNUAL REPORT. 1931 71 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, \9i].— Continued Timiskaming — Continued. Montreal River 250,000 Mortimer lake No. 1 25,000 Lake Temagami 250,000 Lake Timiskaming (Q 500,000 Lake Sesekinika 300,000 Victoria : Big Mud Turtle lake 100,000 Mud lake 200,000 Trent canal 500,000 Waterloo : Grand River creek 275,000 Great Lakes: Lake Huron (C) 11,275,000 Georgian Bay (C) 1,205,000 136,450,000 Brown Trout Fingerlings Carleton : Mississippi river 15,000 Elgin : Otter lake 20,000 Frontenac : Big Clear lake 1 10,000 Clear Lake creek 10,000 Grey : Saugeen river 15,000 Haliburton : Eagle lake 10,000 Horn lake 15,000 Maple lake 15,000 Kenora: Blue lake 66,000 Clearwater lake (C) 66,000 Granite lake 66,000 Shoal lake (C) 20,000 Summit lake 25,000 Trout lake 86,000 Leeds '. Charleston lake (C) 20,000 Otter lake 20,000 Muskoka: Muskoka lake 15,000 Muskoka river 8,000 Beaver creek 8,500 Brandy creek 25,000 East river 20,000 Echo creek 5 ,000 Hoc-Roc creek 15,000 Little Koshe lake 10,000 Rosseau river 8,000 Shadow river 8,600 Sharp's Creek 23,500 Perth: Maitland river 10,000 Peterborough : Eagle lake . . Oak lake . . . . Lake Trout Fry 125,000 40,000 900,600 Frontenac Brule lake 25,000 Canontolake 10,000 Crow lake 10,000 Sharbot lake 70,000 Haliburton : Boskung lake 15,000 Clear lake 10,000 Drag lake 30,000 Gull lake 25,000 Haliburton lake 15,000 Hollow lake (Kunagama) 15,000 Horseshoe lake 10,000 Kashamagamog lake 15,000 Maple lake 5,000 Pine lake 10,000 Twelve Mile lake 5,000 Oxtongue lake 10,000 Hastings: Baptists lake 10,000 Bass lake 10,000 Island lake 20,000 Lake St. Peter 10,000 Papineau lake 10,000 Leeds i Charleston lake (C) 20,000 Otter lake 10,000 Rideaulake 145,000 Muskoka: Doty'slake 5,000 Fair>'Lake 10,000 Lake of Bays 20,000 Lake Vernon 10,000 Mary lake 15,000 Peninsula lake 10,000 Rebecca lake 5,000 Renfrew: Carson's lake 15,000 Clear lake 15.000 Rough lake 15,000 York: Lake Simcoe (C) 60,000 Great Lakes: Lake Huron (C) 200,000 " Ontario (O 3,033,975 3,928,975 Lake Trout Fingerlings Algoma . Achigan lake (R. 11) 5,000 " (Mame) 15.000 Carpenter's lake 5,000 72 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1931— Continued Algoma — Continued. Chiblow lake 10,000 Clear lake 20,000 Basswood lake (Day) 10,000 " " (Kirkwood).... 10,000 Diamond lake 15,000 Dubome lake 15,000 Cummings lake 15,000 Hilton lake. 15,000 Jobammeghia lake 10,000 Island lake (Aberdeen) 7,000 " " (McMahon) 8,000 " " (Aweres) 15,000 Lauzon lake 15,000 Lonely lake 20,000 Loon (Desroche) 10,000 Mud lake 15,000 Ophirlake 5,000 Patton Lake 20,000 Sand lake (28 R.) 10,000 Trout lake (24 R. 12) . .- . 10,000 " " (Aweres).. 20,000 Frontenac. ^ Buck lake 5,000 Long lake (Barrie & Clarendon) 15,000 Loughborough lake 5,000 Upper Rock lake 10,000 Franklin lake 500 Haliburton: Bear lake 25,000 Devil's lake 10,000 Horn lake 15,000 Horseshoe lake 18,000 Lipsevlake 15,000 Maple lake...-. 15,000 Pine lake 10,000 Stormy lake 10,000 Wolf lake 10,000 Kenora: Eagle lake (Vermilion) (C) 80,000 Lake of the Woods (C) 703,100 Little Vermilion 25,000 Silver lake 25,000 Stanzikimi lake (C) 10,000 Wabigoon lake (C) 50.000 Upper Manitou (C) 5,000 Lanark: Silver lake 5,000 Muskoka: Lake Joseph 10,000 Lake of Bays 20,000 Lake Rosseau 20,000 Pine lake 10,000 Skeleton lake 10,000 Walker's lake 10,000 Nipissing: Morton lake 15,000 Net lake 5,000 Talon lake 15,000 Trout lake 20,000 Upper French river 25,000 White Bear lake 10,000 Parry Sound: Clear lake 5,000 Deer lake 10,000 Eagle lake (Machar) 25,000 Horn lake 5,000 Maple lake 5,000 McQuaby lake 5,000 Sand lake 5,000 Six Mile lake (Gull) 5,000 Sugar lake and creek 10,000 Three Mile lake 10,000 Otter lake 10,000 Rainy River: Mercur>' lake 5,000 Steep Rock lake 10,000 Straw Hat lake 5,000 Renfrew: Barry's bay 10,000 Clear lake 10,006 Long lake 5,000 Round lake 5,000 Trout lake (Jones) 10,000 Timiskaming: Fair>'lake 5,000 Lake Timiskaming 15,000 Lake Temagami bO,000 Larder lake 5,000 Perrvlake 5,000 Rib lake 5,000 Twin lake 5,000 Watabeag lake 15,000 Field Service (Experimental) .... 3,000 Great Lakes: Georgian bav (C) 3,393,000 Lake Huron'. (C) 7,993,000 North channel (C) - 70,000 Lake Ontario (C) 499,400 Lake Superior (C) 4,414,925 18,179,925 R.\iNBOw Trout Fingerlings Bruce: Gillies lake . 7,500 Frontenac: Franklin lake (Sale) 500 Silver lake 2,000 Haliburton : Bums lake 7,500 Sudbury: Fairbank creek 7,500 French river 7,500 Rapid river 7,500 Sandcherr>' creek 7,500 Windy creek 7,500 York- LakeSimcoe 128,000 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 73 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCL\L WATERS, \92,\— Continued (Eleven Months) York: Brough's Creek Lake Simcoe 3,000 7,925 193,925 Speckled Trout Eggs Thunder Bav: Alexander lake 5 ,000 Anderson lake 5,000 Cleggslake 5,000 Rhapsey lake 5 ,000 Two Island lake 5,000 Long lake 5,000 Lower Twin lake 5,000 Upper Twin lake 5 ,000 Wideman lake 5 ,000 Speckled Trout Fry Haliburton : Torch lake creek Hastings: Baragar lake Green's creek Little Papineau creek Ren frew : Bums lake 50,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 Speckled Trout Fingerlings Algoma : Boundry lake 5,000 Agawa river 5 ,000 Achigan creek 5,500 " lake (Gaudette) 5,000 « " (Brooke) 5,000 Beaver creek. . . 10,000 " lake 5,000 Big Carp creek 10,000 Bervllake 10,000 Boyle's creek 15,000 Burrough's lake 15,000 Carp river 15,000 Cannon creek 5,000 Centre lake 5 ,000 Chippewa river (Tilley) 15,000 " " (R. 11) 10,000 Clear lake 15,000 Dam creek 5,000 Dunn's creek 5,000 Deer lake 10,000 Goulais river 10,000 Hayden lake 20,000 Hart lake 15,000 Harmony river 10,000 Gull lake. . 10,000 Hendrickson's creek 5,000 Horse lake 15,000 Hubert lake 10,000 Iron river 15,000 Island lake (No. 17) 10,000 Algoma — Continued. Jimmy lake 5,000 Jones lake 15 ,000 Johnson creek 7,000 Kent creek 5 ,000 Loon lake (188 I.F.) 15,000 " " (24 R. 13) 10,000 " " (Desrochers) 5,000 Lower Island lake 20,000 Moose lake 10,000 Mongoose lake 10,000 Michipicoten river 10,000 Mud creek (Van Koughnet) . . . 5,000 Mountain lake 5 ,000 Matchewana river 10,000 McQueen's creek 5,000 Mc\'eigh's creek 10,000 Newt lake 5 ,000 Otter lake 5,000 Peak Lake creek 5,000 Silver creek . 5,000 Root river (Aweres) 5,000 " " (Tarentorus) 5,000 Spring creek 5 ,000 Stokely creek 5 ,000 Snoeshoe creek 15,000 Rocky Island lake 5 ,000 St. Marys River rapids 5,000 Trout lake and inlet 5,000 Twin lake 15,000 Tawabinasay lake 5,000 Upper Pine lake 9,500 " Island lake 10,000 Walker's creek 5,000 Wannamaker's creek 5,000 Whitman creek 10,000 Whitefish lake 10,000 Walker lake 15,000 Warts lake 10,000 Victoria creek 5,000 Sand lake (26 R.) 10,000 Spruce lake 10,000 Bridgland river 20,000 Brant: Brantford Golf and Country Club 2,000 DufFerin : Buchanan's stream 2,000 Carleton creek 1,000 Cundy stream 5,000 Hunter's creek 1,000 Pine river and tributaries 2,000 Piatt's creek 1,000 Springbrook creek 5,000 Warner creek 2,000 Durham: Cavan creek 5 ,000 McLaughlin's creek 10,000 Elgin : Ball creek 5,000 Howey creek 1,000 Wolfe creek 2,000 74 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1931— Continued Frontenac: Black creek 10,000 Eagle lake 10,000 Trout lake 15,000 Grey: Hydro waters (Eugenia Reserve) 2,000 Haliburton : Auger lake 25,000 Bear creek 1,500 Fish lake 10,000 Fletcher lake 45,000 Moose lake 25,000 Pacev's or Elephant creek 10,000 McCue creek 7,000 Stormy creek 2,000 Watt's lake 10,000 Wren lake 25,000 Hastings: Trout lake 20,000 Two Mile creek 5,000 Sidney creek 10,000 Leeds: Otter of Salmon creek 15,000 Manitoulin : Hare's creek 5,000 Manitou river 10,000 Mills creek 5,000 Middlesex: Wye creek 5,000 Muskoka : Clear lake 10,000 Big Turtle lake 10,000 East river 10,000 Echo lake 30,000 Fairy lake 2,500 Lake of Bays 20,000 Lake Vernon 5,000 Little East river 4,000 Mary lake 5,000 Nearcut or Harp lake 5,000 Nelson creek 5,000 Peninsula lake 2,500 Pine lake 35,000 Sharp's creek 15 ,000 Shoe lake 25,000 Spring creek 5 ,000 Wasiosa or Long lake 10,000 Walker's lake 20,000 Cooper's lake 10,000 Nipissing: Amable du Fond 30,000 Lake Traverse 10,000 North river 15,000 Otter lake 10,000 Oxbow lake 10,000 Norfolk: North creek 2,500 Spooky Hollow stream 5,000 Vittoria creek 5,000 Northumberland : Burnley creek 20,000 Dawson or Salt creek 25,000 Rorke's creek 5 ,000 West's creek 20,000 Woodland creek 5,000 Ontario: Black river (C) 2,500 Electric Light pond 2,500 Elgin Park pond 1,000 Hodson's creek 5,000 Parry Sound : Bay lake 10,000 Caribou creek 5,000 Couchi lake 10,000 Coffey's creek 5,000 Commanda creek 10,000 Credit river 5,000 Big Clam lake 25,000 Deer creek 5,000 Eagle lake 5,000 Fleming lake 25,000 FuUrod's creek 15,000 Lake Bernard (or Stoney) 10,000 Magnetawan river 20,000 Otter Lake creek 5,000 Paisley lake 25,000 Pickerel river 10,000 Pine lake 5,000 McQuaby lake 10,000 Ross creek 2,000 Sequin river — South 5,000 South river 30,000 Spring creek 2,000 Three Mile lake 10,000 Wolf creek (Nipissing) 10,000 " (Pringle) 15,000 Peel : Greer's creek 5,000 Perth: Maitland river and tributaries. 2,000 Peterborough : BigOuse 20,000 Little Ouse 5,000 Plato creek 5,000 Trout rearing ponds 20,000 Webster, or Norwood creek. . . . 10,000 Renfrew: Brennan's creek 10,000 Burns lake 5,000 Dominic lake 10,000 Little Trout lake 10,000 Constance creek 10,000 Johnston's creek 10,000 Petawawa river 5,000 Roddin's creek 10,000 Simcoe: Black Creek 5,000 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 75 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROXTNCIAL WATERS, 1931— Continued Sudbury: Johns creek Nelson river Poke creek Poulin creek Pumphoase creek Trout Lake creek Creeks north of C.P.R. track, running into Spanish river. . Thunder Bay: Allen creek Beck lake Big MacKenzie lake Biggar lake Caribou lake (C) Cedar creek Coldwater creek Cousineau's lake Current river Deception lake Elbow lake Falling Snow lake Gravel river Gulch lake Golden Gate lake Island lake Moose lake Mirror lake McKenzie ri\-er Mclntyre creek McX'icar's creek McGregor lake Mcintosh lake Neal lake Nipigon river Patch creek Reochs lake Peace river Small MacKenzie lake Steel river Stephens lake Trout lake Whitewood creek Timiskaming: Aidie creek Bristol creek Crofts creek Crocodile creek Crystal lake Dickson creek Gleason creek Graham's creek Grassy River Fuller's creek Killarney lake Lake of the Bays Metagama river Pike creek Ranisbottom creek Red Sucker river Shaw's creek Spring creek St. Jean Baptiste creek. Taylor's creek Wabi river Water Hen creek Rowlev lake 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 5,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 20,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 10,000 110,000 10,000 15,000 21,000 15,000 25,000 10,000 20,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 15,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 15,000 Timiskaming — Continued. Frere lake Kamiscotia river Moffatt's creek Lake Sesekinika Waterloo: Mills creek. We Hand: Lookout Golf Course . Williams creek Wellington : Andrews creek. Miscellaneous: Menely A.A. Sales 5,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 20,000 1,000 5,000 5,000 03 40,000 2,674,003 Speckled Trout Yearlings Bruce: Silver Stream. Dufferin ; Buchanan stream. Warnes' stream. . Durham: Gardner pond (or Burk'scamp) Leskard creek McKindley's stream Mount Pleasant creek Grey: Buchanan's lake Jamieson lake (Sale).. Mulocklake (Sale).. . Priddle Springs creek . Saugeen river Haliburton: Fletcher lake. . Hastings: Lake St. Peter. Muskoka: Bella lake East river Lake of Bays.. Mary lake. . . . Muskoka river. Oxtongue lake. Pen ins J la lake. Rebecca lake . . Shoe lake Nipissing: Chippewa creek. Duschene creek. Doran's creek . Four Mile lake . North river 500 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 500 2,050 4,000 1,200 1,000 500 2,455 2,000 1,000 13,800 2,000 1,000 1,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 76 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1931— Continued Norfolk: Spooky Hollow stream Yittoria creek Forestry stream at St. Williams Northumberland : Salt (or Dawson) creek Ontario: Duffin's creek. . Hod son's creek. Parry Sound : Eig Clam lake. Eagle lake Fleming lake . . . Paisley lake . . . . Peel: Montgomery creek. H umber river Peterborough: Needles Law Mill creek . Springville creek Simcoe: Silver creek . Waterloo : Paquegnat Lily ponds. Speed river Wellington • Prison Farm creek. Orton stream York: Pefferlaw-Black river (C) Experimental purposes 500 500 500 LOOO 3,000 500 500 758 300 300 1,000 L500 1,000 1,000 500 24 1,000 300 1,000 1,000 150 Whitefish Eyed-Eggs Algoma: State Hatchery at Erie, Penn., U.S.A. (In exchange) 1,000,000 Manitoulin : Lake Huron (Vicinity Burnt Island) 500,000 1,500,000 Whitefish Fry Kenora: Eagle lake (C) 1,500,000 Lash lake 1,000,000 Lake of the Woods (C) 24,500,000 Stanzikimi lake (C) li,000,000 Sturgeon lake 1,000,000 Tawatinaw lake (C) 1,000,000 Prince Edward: Bay of Quinte (Q104,010,000 Rainy River: Rainy lake (C) 5,200,000 Thunder Bay: Lake Nipigon (C) 6,000,000 Savant lake (C) 1,000,000 Great Lakes: Lake Erie 50,084,000 " Huron 33,000,000 " Ontario 37,500,000 " Superior 9,793,000 Georgian Bay 65,520,000 68,837 342,107,000 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 77 APPENDIX No. 2 SPECKLED TROUT DISTRIBUTION, 1931 Length in Inches Quantity Eggs 50,000 Fry 50,000 1 inch 245,000 1}4 inches 20,000 IV^ inches 355 ,000 1 to 2 inches 25,000 2 inches 87,500 • 2 to 23^ inches 196,000 2 to 3 inches 25 ,000 2 to 4 inches 19,000 2}4 inches 207,000 2}4 to 4 inches 28,500 2 to 5 inches 79,003 2^ inches 90,000 3 inches 498,500 3 to 5 inches 81,000 3}4 inches 30,000 3}4 inches 5,000 3^ inches 25,000 4 inches 143,500 4 to 8 inches 582,837 2,842,840 78 DEPARTMENT OF GAIVIE AND FISHERIES REPORT No. 9 u w CO O CD ^ o X Pi 1— < Q o u ^ u W < Dh rr: IX CO < fc IJh o :z; o H D 5 c/) O O O ro On O O 00 O lO o O cvJO o o ^ 00 -rt O -H * O cNO0Nt-~ oo oo ir; 00 O O O to */^ On O 00 •^ '* lo O O r~^ ■^ \0 -^ in o re O re O 00 o'o" oo oo O ID t^ ■* "1 oo oo oo oo O "*> oo oo oo hti rt biO en — C uT uT c/T t/T tn cfi (/3 (fl u) tn en t/3 tn tn fTl rH M c^ C^ CT3 C^ J2X J3 ^ — inooucjouo 3 3 3 GOO ' u u u O) OJ — i^tC a! "C "d T3 _ _ OJ - 3 3 ti t; t; O O lo o o lo oo o't^' o lo oo oo oo_ nn'o" 00 00 o ^ oo oo o_o_ tN O" PC oo lo o o'o' 00 -^ oo oo o_o^ to fN o I- _4j _aj _a; _w o tt ^ ^ J>i ^ -2 S o o o o c rt D. o. Q. a. '^ i -- - JCOC/2C/2COKKKffi S E ^ c c_i _;._:. •- o E E S C/3C/)C0 ^ J3 jO^ OJ O (U OJ ^ ^ _C -C JC _ 3 3 D O O O O E E E E S-S^.£ ^^ nj bJOMMcn^.-.t: ^ ^ u C rt n! ™i5-<-— 'i.^i.ij;*^ lU H 0) >N aj tn . u O >-, 03 O — OJ o c >, ■-5^ S o .5 M(u E 80 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 APPENDIX GAMES AND FISHERIES Statistics of the Fishing Industry in the Public Waters Equip No. of men Tugs Gasoline launches Sail and row boats Gill nets No. Tons Value No. Value No. Value Yards Value 420 286 129 544 289 153 793 676 575 131 63 27 153 78 38 146 217 45 $67,690 36,750 18,075 116,245 57,255 12,385 155,650 137.465 20.800 187 56 44 113 30 76 148 207 156 $7,375 4,150 3,835 5,625 2,015 3,279 9,485 8,637 6,148 352.070 894,465 251.360 1,404,755 879,245 $49,720 12 9 23 16 391 208 665 456 57,800 46,300 166,645 135.500 84,125 North Channel 30,563 140,186 126,427 Lake St. Clair (with St. Clair and Lake Erie (with Upper Niagara River) Lake Ontario (with Lower Niagara and 32 650 256,200 1,339,304 1,102,240 289,860 206,747 109,158 8 231 31,800 26,159 Totals 3.865 100 2.601 694,245 898 622.315 1,017 50,549 6,513,299 773,085 APPENDIX QUANTITIES OF District Herring Whitefish Trout Pike Pickerel (blue) Pickerel (dore) lbs. lbs. 717,270 255,970 233,974 980,944 245,157 280 1,106,354 525,877 1.227.325 lbs. 113,853 1,328,423 344,022 1.289,258 1,214,487 lbs. 652,747 8.557 92,426 116.707 4.483 33.955 63.179 173.310 79.738 lbs. 5,189 lbs. 1.147.104 1.396.129 4.163 31.429 721.548 135 949.321 1.117.777 13.526 103,159 109,372 Georgian Bay 94,301 213.175 Lake St. Clair (with St. Clair and Detroit 2,000 5,358,265 37,329 1,911 30,755 Lake Erie (with Upper Niagara River) Lake Ontario (with LoWer Niagara and St. 7,101 388,245 122.418 366.440 25,683 188,835 Totals 4,234.028 5,293.151 4,807,807 1.225.102 5,404.694 2,278.824 Values $211,701.40 $582,246.61 $528,858.77 $73,506.12 $270,234.70 $250,670.64 1932 ANNUAL REPORT, 1931 No. 4 DEPARTMENT, ONTARIO of Ontario, for the Year Ending December 31st, 1931 MENT Seine nets Pound nets Hoop nets Dip and roll nets Night lines Spears Freezers and Ice houses Piers and wharves Total value No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No. Value $ 28 60 106 91 119 151 571 $ 9.605 27.050 52,350 84,600 81,500 17,050 328,250 51 $ 2.280 $ $ $ 121 26 26 47 48 22 90 43 49 $ 28,409 9,905 9,975 17,055 23.925 7,100 120,830 9,850 12.523 104 24 20 55 19 15 58 23 16 $ 12.950 7,335 16,700 16,550 11.725 2,830 21,375 3,140 2,030 S 178 029 227,115 5 52 200 1,099 177,998 9 1,500 1.610 23,676 21,022 7.500 3.000 7.405 7,500 3,662 2,330 296 155 254 449 13 52 553 329 440,677 ^6 6.640 14,210 1,065 5,828 4.795 10.864 735 4,586 47,735 60 24 541 168 460 18,095 4,468 1 6 39 3 746 189 1,110,019 1? 288,080 65 25 5,400 47 308 114,860 182 29,243 22,590 1,151 605,805 841 26,602 46 938 70,103 7,146 60 360 472 239.572 334 94.635 3,137,842 No. 5 FISH TAKEN Sturgeon Eels Perch Tuillibee Catfish Carp Mixed coarse Caviare Total Value lbs. 39.351 4.581 lbs. lbs. 13,830 lbs. 108,014 lbs. 49,938 lbs. 2,081 2,496 277 74,963 3,073 276,259 425.313 45.422 248,756 lbs. 108,588 69,383 245,047 75,275 64,684 214,407 1,101,957 266,668 372,961 lbs. 666 8 59 1,100 433 1.136 3 438 lbs. 2,958,631 3,168,698 1,102.245 2,857,936 3,254,556 671,027 13,807.622 2,898.055 2,489,046 8287,964.71 259,989.28 6.517 2.289 7.290 12.997 9 74,849 10,205 4,222 7,152 29,178 68.281 4.265,089 77.119 6.671 62,197 175,172 749,796 20 10,387 585 31.525 141.825 163.457 105.329 95.288.77 287,349.08 272,960.10 37,370.91 21,633 770,673.13 2,316 204,904.93 32,965 77,968 226.202.64 129.939 85,063 4,471.542 1,173,147 503.066 1,078,640 2,518,970 3.843 33,207,816 $51,975.60 $5,954.41 $223,577.10 $70,388.82 $40,245.28 $53,932.00 $75,569.10 $3,843.00 $2,442,703 55 82 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES REPORT No. 9 APPENDIX No. 6 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE YIELD OF THE FISHERIES OF ONTARIO Kind Herring Whitefish Trout Pike. Blue Pickerel . . Pickerel (dore) . Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Coarse fish Caviare 1930 lbs. 5,957,403 5,543,248 5,120,482 1,217,392 5,928,432 2,091,310 127,590 109,961 3,698,915 1,040,552 437,171 725,029 2,952,699 3,597 1931 lbs. 4,234,028 5,293,151 4,807,807 1,225,102 5,404,694 2,278,824 129,939 85,063 4,471,542 1,173,147 503,066 1,078,640 2,518,970 3,843 Increase lbs. 7,710 187,514 2,349 772,627 132,595 65,895 353,611 246 Decrease lbs. 1,723,375 250,097 312,675 523,738 24,898 433,729 Total 34,953,781 33,207,816 *1, 745,965 *Net Decrease. APPENDIX No. 7 STATEMENT OF YIELD OF THE FISHERIES OF ONTARIO, 1931 Kind Quantity Price per pound Estimated value Herring lbs. 4,234,028 5,29(3,151 4,807,807 1,225,102 5,404,694 2,278,824 129,939 85,063 4,471,542 1,173,147 503,066 1,078,640 2,518,970 3,843 $0.05 .11 .11 .06 .05 .11 .40 .07 .05 .06 .08 .05 .03 1.00 $211,701.40 Whitefish 582,246.61 Trout 528,858.77 Pike 73,506.12 B lue Pickerel 270,234.70 Pickerel (dore) 250,670.64 Sturgeon 51,975.60 Eels 5,954.41 Perch 223,577.10 Tullibee 70,388.82 Catfish 40,245.28 Carp 53,932.00 Coarse fish 75,569.10 Caviare 3,843.00 Total . 33,207,816 $2,442,703.55 APPENDIX No. 8 VALUE OF ONTARIO FISHERIES FOR A PERIOD OF TWENTY YEARS, 1912 TO 1931, INCLUSIVE 1912 $2,842,877.09 1913 2,674,686.76 1914 2,755,293.11 1915 3,341,181.41 1916 2,658,992.43 1917 2,866,424.00 1918 3,175,110.32 1919 2,721,440.24 1920 2,691,093.74 1921 2,656,775.82 1922 $2,807,525.21 1923 2,886,398.76 1924 3,139,279.03 1925 2,858,854.79 1926 2,643,686.28 1927 3,229,143.57 1928 3,033,944.42 1929 3,054,282.02 1930 2,539,904.91 1931 2,442,703.55 Twenty-Sixth Annual Report OF THE Game and Fisheries Department 1932 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO SESSIONAL PAPER No. 9, 1933 '■p ONTARIO TORONTO Printed and Published by Herbert H. Ball, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty 1933 To The Honourable Herbert Alexander Bruce, a Colonel in the Royal Army Medical Corps, F.R.C.S. (Eng.), Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario. May It Please Your Honour: I have the honour to submit herewith for the information of Your Honour and the Legislative Assembly, the Twenty-sixth Annual Report of the Game and Fisheries Department of this Province. I have the honour to be, Your Honour's most obedient servant, Geo. H. Challies, Minister in Charge, Department of Game and Fisheries. Toronto, 1933 TWENTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Game and Fisheries Department of Ontario To The Hoxour.\ble George H. Challies, Minister i?i Charge, Department of Game and Fisheries. Sir: — I have the honour to place before you this Twenty-sixth Annual Report of the Department of Game and Fisheries of Ontario, covering the year 1932. FINANXIAL The following table contains details of the various sources from which this Department derived its revenue during the fiscal year ended October 31st, 1932: Revenue for Fiscal Year, 1932 Game^ Royalty $93,735.83 Licenses — - Trapping $36,873 . 25 Non-resident Hunting 46,420. 00 Deer 64,961 . 10 Moose 6,242.50 Gun 46,764 . 00 Fur Dealers 29.318.00 Fur Farmers 8,125.00 Tanners 160.00 Cold Storage 155 . 00 Hotel, etc 20 . 00 239.038.85 $332,774.68 Fisheries — Royalty $11,761.21 Licenses — Fishing $95,235 . 00 Angling 136,077 . 35 231,312.35 Sales — spawn taking 1,114. 16 244,187.72 General — Guides' Licenses $5, 142 . 00 Fines 12.369.03 Court Costs 1,068. 14 Sales — Confiscated articles, etc 8,222.62 Rent 4,711 .00 Commission 2,218.50 Miscellaneous 524.51 : 34.255.80 EXPERIMFNT.XL FlR F.\RM 2,566. 50 $613,784.70 [1] DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 For information and purposes of comparison, we append a table which sets forth a statement giving the total revenues and expenditures of this Department in each of the past three years, viz., 1930, 1931 and 1932, as follows: Revenue Expenditure Surplus or Deficit 1930 1931 1932 $775,862.84 715,462.83 613,784.70 $687,545.90 744,069.96 629,176.02 $88,316.94* 28,607. 13t 15,391. 32t * Surplus. t Deficit. It would be a justifiable assertion to state that the decrease shown by these figures should not in any way be attributed to deterioration of the attractions which this province as a whole presents to the sportsman, whether hunter or angler, but we believe it would be superfluous in this Report to endeavour to present any explanation of the very obvious reason for declining revenues. Practically every source of revenue showed a decrease during the year, and a perusal of the detailed figures reveals the fact that fees received from the sale of non-resident hunting and angling licenses amounted to $182,497.35, a reduction as compared with similar items of revenue during the previous year of $66,251.30, which represents approximately two-thirds of the total decrease. STATISTICS Various statistical tables will be found as appendices to this Report, which tables contain information as to the several species and quantities of fish fry and fingerlings raised in the fish hatcheries and rearing stations maintained and operated by the Department through the Fish Culture Branch. In addition will be found information as to the designation and location of the various waters in which these fry and fingerlings have been planted for re-stocking purposes. There are further statistical tables in respect of the commercial division of provincial fisheries, while throughout the report will be observed statistics as to many other aspects of Departmental activities. The figures in all cases have been very carefully assembled and prepared, and those concerned will find them of considerable interest and value. GAME The following table shows the number of large game hunting licenses which have been issued by the Department during the years 1930, 1931 and 1932: 1930 1931 1932 Resident moose 1,424 26,213 2,015 1,446 26,436 1,766 1,135 Resident deer 22,932 Non-resident hunting. 1,309 and these figures would indicate that the interested hunter is not slow to take advantage of the opportunity which big game hunting in this Province affords. 1933 ANNUAL REPORT, 1932 Herewith is a brief summary of conditions as they have existed throughout the year under review as they have affected game animals and birds, which summary has been compiled from reports prepared and submitted by our District Superintendents from information supplied by the field officers on their respective stafTs: Deer. — In the more remote sections of the province it would appear from the reports submitted by members of the field service that there is some general improvement and increase in the numbers of these animals, though this condition does not apply in the southern division and the more accessible portions of the northern divisions, where intensive hunting is responsible for a reduction in the numbers which constitute the herd. Moose. — ^Conditions are about the same, the year reported upon showing little, if any, improvement over the conditions prevailing in recent years, which have been but fairly good. Caribou. — Reports indicate that notwithstanding the close season which has been maintained on this species, there is no noticeable improvement evident as far as these animals are concerned, and a continuation of the close seavson would appear to be essential. Elk {Wapiti). — During the year, with the co-operation of the National Parks Branch of the Federal Department of the Interior, it was possible for us to arrange for the shipment into the province of a carload of elk, twenty-five animals in all. The shipment arrived about the middle of November, the animals being in good condition, and in order that the proper supervision might be accorded the experiment, these animals were placed on the Pembroke Crown Game Preserve, the lands of which Game Preserve are the property of the Department. It is anticipated that from this experiment and future continuation and expansion thereof, it will be possible to successfully introduce this species of game animal into the province. Ruffed Grouse {Partridge). — Conditions were of such a favourable nature that it was possible to provide a limited open season with a reasonable individual limit of catch for these birds, and while a large percentage of our sportsmen availed themselves of the privilege thus provided, reports are to the effect that partridge still appear to be numerous. Sharp-tailed Grouse {Prairie Chicken). — As in the case of rufifed grouse, an open season was provided during the Fall on these birds. Their numbers continue plentiful, though they are confined, generally speakfng, to the northern and northwestern sections of the province. Ptarmigan. — These birds in considerable numbers were observed in the northern portion of the Province and, according to reports from the District Superintendents in whose districts they were noted, at distances far south of their usual habitat. Quail. — It is reported that these birds have been observed in many parts of the extreme southwestern counties, and that their numbers are increasing. Many hunters availed themselves of the opportunity to hunt these birds in the county of Essex, where a two-day open season was provided. 4 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 Ducks. — These birds were no less plentiful than they have been in the past four years, and conditions were a little more favourable. Reports from the far northwestern section of the province are to the effect that the Fall flight was the best in recent seasons. Pheasants {Ring-necked) . — The work of propagation and distribution of live birds and eggs was continued at and from the Departmental Bird Farm at Codrington. Eleven hundred and eighty-nine settings, totalling 17,835 eggs, were distributed to interested applicants for hatching, while in addition, 1,055 live pheasants were liberated in various sections in the southern portion of the province. Reports from our Field Officers contain the information that in the southern and southwestern counties these birds are on the increase; that the birds appear stronger and that conditions here are most favourable, and we find it necessary to reiterate previous expressions of appreciation of the splendid spirit of co-operation of interested parties evidenced by their unselfish assistance in the hatching of eggs and care of the young birds with the ultimate object of securing the establishment of this fine species of game bird in Ontario. In view of the favourable existing conditions, it was possible to provide a limited open season in the counties of Essex, Lincoln, Welland, Wentworth, Halton, Peel, Durham and Northumberland. Hungarian Partridge. — Operations in connection with the propagation of this species of game bird were continued at the Normandale Bird Farm (Norfolk County), and while some progress is being made along these lines, the increase was retained and no general distribution was undertaken during the year reported upon. Plover and Snipe. — These birds continue to be very scarce. Rabbits. — Conditions as they apply to these animals remained satisfactory throughout the province and in several sections desirable improvement and increase in numbers has been observed. FURS The following is a summary of conditions as they apply to fur-bearing animals throughout the province as compiled from reports submitted by the seven Departmental District Superintendents: Bear. — Conditions have shown little change, though there is some decline in the numbers reported to have been taken. Beaver. — Annual catch has once again shown a decline, though indications are to the effect that there is some increase in their numbers, particularly in the section of the province in which the protection of a complete close season is provided. Fisher. — Reports are to the effect that their numbers are diminishing, and that general conditions are not very favourable. Annual catch shows continuing decrease. Fox. — Conditions vary in different sections. Reports from the southern portion of the province are to the effect that these animals are decreasing in number; though in the north tKe reverse of this is indicated. Catch shows slight improvement over that of the previous year. 1933 ANNUAL REPORT, 1932 Lyvx. — These animals are very scarce in all sections, and while the reported catch exceeded that of the previous year, nevertheless their numbers are evidently decreasing. Marten. — \'ery few of these animals are now taken. Numbers are decreasing in practically all sections and they are very scarce. Mink. — In the south, a decrease is reported, while there is some improvement evident in the north. Annual catch was the highest reported since 1926. Muskrat. — Conditions remained about the same, some improvement being noted in the northwestern end of the province. Otter. — The annual catch showed an increase over that of the previous year. General observations apply as in the case of beaver. Raccoon. — Conditions remained about the same. Catch shows some increase over that of previous year. Skunk. — Reports indicate that these animals are more numerous, which is evidently borne out by the greatly increased annual catch, which was the largest in several vears. Weasel. — There was considerable improvement in though conditions remained about the same. the numbers taken* The total number of pelts taken during the season w'as approximately the same as that of the previous year, decreases in beaver and muskrat being balanced by increases in other species. There were undoubtedly fewer trappers operating, but it is desirable to again emphasize the necessity for securing observance of existing regulations as they apply to closed seasons and trapping operations, as these are essential to preserve unimpaired, as far as possible, the present fur resources of the province. The following table compares, for the past three years, pelts of fur-bearing animals, other than those raised on licensed fur farms, on which royalty was paid: 1930 1931 1932 Bear Beaver 1,594 17.493 2,510 1,188 11,076 154 116 106 871 1,770 30,226 643,999 3,986 13,757 72.667 99,704 9 883 15,304 1,544 799 8,441 97 620 107 799 1,191 34,271 723,525 2,998 10,871 55,734 74,295 9 705 13.230 Fisher Fox (cross) Fox (red) Fox (silver or black) Fox (white) 1.258 1.177 9,564 121 562 Fox (not specified) Lynx 113 1,088 Marten Mink Muskrat Otter Raccoon 1,264 48,234 640,390 3,330 12,640 Skunk 82,917 \\ easel 113,421 Wolverine 3 Total 901,226 931,282 930,017 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 Information received by the Department shows that these 1932 pelts were worth to the trapper the sum of $1,264,145.89, being a considerable reduction as compared with the figures for the previous year. In addition to the above, the total of ranch-raised silver and black foxes, dressed or exported, and upon which royalty is not payable, was 19,961; 15,623 of which were exported from the province, the balance of 4,338 being dressed in Ontario. It is estimated that these pelts had a value of sS555,913.85 to the fur farmers responsible for the production thereof. FUR FARMING The operation of farms on which the raising of fur-bearing animals in a state of captivity or semi-captivity is undertaken, falls within the supervision of this Department in accordance with the regulations provided therefor. While but of recent origin, this particular branch of activity is developing along sound and normal lines, and with the passing of time, and the experience which is thus being gained, there is every indication that some degree of security has been established as the basis for development. It will be of interest to state that every species of fur-bearing animal, native of this province, is represented on these licensed fur farms. Report of the work undertaken at the Departmental Experimental Fur Farm, at Kirkfield, will be found in another part of this general report. Fur Farm.ers' licenses issued during the past three years are as follows: 1930 1931 1932 1,557 1,609 1,505 And the following is a table which shows the numbers of the various animals reported to be stocked on these fur farms as at December 31st, in each of the three years 1930, 1931 and 1932: Animals Stocked on Licensed Fur Farms as at December 31st 1930 1931 1932 Beaver Fisher Fox (cross) Fox (red) Fox (silver black) Fox (blue) Lynx Mink Muskrat Raccoon Skunk Bear Marten Badger Total... 66 58 44 57 74 50 501 582 559 561 562 448 20,026 17,414 15,938 94 42 13 6 4 2 7,184 7,198 6,170 1,821 1,359 511 1,481 1,486 12,002 f.!^ox. 9 12 10 9 25 16 30 40 37 9 6 4 ''31,854 ^28,862 25,004 "Exclusive of muskrat and beaver in semi-captivity. 1933 ANNUAL REPORT, 1932 CROWN GAME PRESERVES The practice of establishing suitable areas as Crown Game Preserves, in which it would be possible to afford sanctuary for desirable types of game birds and animals had its inception in the year 1917. Since that time there has been annual exten^on, and at the end of 1932 there were in excess of three and three- quarter million acres included within the confines of the existing sixty-one Crown Game Preserves. During the year reported on, the following Game Preserves were established, representing a total area in the neighbourhood of 18,500 acres, viz.: Power Glen, located in the Counties of Lincoln and Welland; Beamsville, in the County of Lincoln; Kettle Creek, in the County of Elgin; Mosa, in the County of Middlesex; and Petawawa, in the County of Renfrew. Reports from Field Officers would indicate that these Game Preserves are of considerable value to the various sections in which they are located, and the continued expansion of the work, particularly as far as it involves privately- owned lands, would indicate a growing realization by those concerned of the benefits which are to be derived therefrom. WOLF BOUNTIES During 1932, the Department received applications for the pavonent of bounty on 2,872 wolves, being 121 more than the number presented in 1931. The following is a comparative statement of wolf pelts presented and bounties paid during the past three years: Timber Brush Pups Total Bounties For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1930 For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1931 For fiscal year ending October 31st, 1932 1,070 1,376 1,413 1,458 1,336 1,413 23 39 46 2,551 2,751 2,872 $38,074.77 55,873.80 68,481.35 Under existing conditions the trapping of wolves is possibly the most remunerative branch of the trapping industry, particularly so far as the trapper himself is concerned, and while bounties are paid on some wolf pelts which have been taken in the southern portion of the province, by far the greater proportion of the bounty paid applies on pelts taken in the northern and north- western districts. ENFORCEMENT OF THE ACT For purposes of administration and enforcement of the provisions, of the Game and Fisheries Act and Regulations the province is divided into seven districts, each in charge of a District Superintendent. These officers supervise performance of departmental duties in their respective districts, and through the overseers under their jurisdiction, in addition secure observance of our Regulations. The work which has been carried out by these various Field Officers, in the way of administration and patrol, during the year, and more especially in view of the difficult and unfortunate conditions which are being experienced, was generally speaking of an entirely satisfactory nature. To a limited extent, the numbers of these regular officers were augmented for seasonal 8 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 duties to the extent of securing the assistance of temporary officers during the periods of exceptional activity and when such additional assistance was required. Remarks concerning enforcement would hardly be complete without some favourable reference to the assistance which is being constantly supplied by the Deputy Game and Fishery Wardens, of whom there were 479 during 1932. A large percentage of these appointees are members of the Fish and Game Protective Associations which exist throughout the province, and the co-operation which in a quiet way is being rendered by these honorary officers in checking violations and securing observance in a general way of the provisions of the Game and Fishery Regulations is a measure of assistance, which, in view of the fact that it would be difficult to duplicate, is very much appreciated by those responsible for the administration of the legislation which is provided for the protection of the wild life natural resources of Ontario. There were 1,082 cases in which offenders were apprehended and charged with violations of the provisions of our Act and Regulations, and in which convictions were secured. Fines and costs assessed and collected in these cases are as contained in the statement of revenue previously submitted in this report. In all, there was a total of 1,669 cases in which seizure of goods and equip- ment was involved, and the following is a summary of the articles thus placed under seizure: Pelts Deer and Moose hides d Birds.... ;!!;^ibs. no. 3,086 19 37 6,008 1,264 303 28,832 62 34 n 40 994 96 135 14 8 1,146 Fire-arms Boats — gasoline 502 4 Live Animals an Fish Fish row tugs Canoes Punts 40 1 6 Gill nets pes. .... yds. 15 Gill nets Dip nets Motor cars Jack-lights and lanterns 17 20 Hoop nets Deer and Moose \'enison Moose-meat Partridges Geese and Ducks Pheasants Decoys Ammunition (rounds) Rabbits 16 Seine nets Trap nets Hooks Spears Rods and Lines. lbs. 725 lbs. 1,052 230 31 24 Creels Tackle Boxes. . . Traps 78 610 41 Squirrels Miscellaneous 21 68 In accordance with the usual practice, these confiscated articles, except those which were sold to their original owners, were disposed of by tender at sales, notice of which was advertised in the press. The amount derived from these sales is shown in the statement of revenue at the beginning of this Report. REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL FUR FARM Due to the large number of beginners who have become interested in fur- farming during the past few years, a great deal of time has, of necessity, both by correspondence and personal interview, been spent in rudimentary instruction in the nutrition, common diseases and general care of fur-bearing animals. These methods of instruction have been supplemented by the preparation of popular bulletins dealing with the fundamentals of raising fur-bearing animals in captivity and have met with a steady demand. It is to be expected with a comparatively new industry such as fur-farming, that a large percentage of the literature published in connection with it from 1933 ANNUAL REPORT, 1932 time to time is based purely upon practical observations, having little or no experimental evidence to support it. Unquestionably a number of such obser- vations have proven to be correct and have had a beneficial effect upon the industry as a whole, but it is being found, especially with problems of disease, that many erroneous ideas which have no scientific basis to warrant their adoption as correct, are commonly accepted as true. Domestic animals and their diseases have been carefully studied for many years, and with most of them the normal conditions found in healthy individuals have been established, thus making it possible to compare the normal with the pathological, and to arrive at conclusions which give a definite clue to the disease under observation. The diseases which they are subject to, are also fairly well established and any previously unknown disease arising among them is quickly recognized as a new condition by the process of elimination. The reverse is the case with fur-bearing animals in captivity. The normal condition to be expected in many of them is not known and the number and variety of diseases to be looked for cannot even be surmised. In many of the fur- bearers the symptoms are obscure and more difficult to observe on account of the naturally suspicious nature of the animal. \'ery often the first indication of disease may be that of finding the animal dead in the pen or kennel. Further- more, the same disease may evidence itself in many different ways in a group of individuals, in that very few will show the same definite symptoms. In view of the many difficulties presented in the treatment of fur-bearing animals, preventive medicine is of the utmost importance, and research work should be conducted with this aim in view. It also appears essential that a thorough understanding of the normal conditions should be acquired before attempting to interpret the pathological, and advantage should be taken whenever possible of laboratory aids to diagnosis. During the year the blood morphology of foxes, mink and raccoon was thoroughly studied. An extensive report on this work will be published and made available for those desiring the information. Considerable importance is being placed on the blood morphology of man and animals as an aid towards diagnosing certain classes of disease such as anemia, acute infections, parasitic, nutritional and kidney disorders. Before consideration can be given to any specific disease, a knowledge of the normal blood morphology is essential in order to establish the deviation from normal. Since each species of animal varies in the number of blood cells to a given volume of blood, it is necessary to establish the normal count for the various blood elements. There appears to be a tendency to assume that the normal blood counts established for the dog are approximateh^ the same for foxes. The investigations carried out with foxes reveal very clearly that this assumption is not correct and that the number of blood elements, staining reactions and morphology are not similar to those of the dog. In the investigation of certain diseases at the Experimental Fur Farm, it was considered essential that special attention be gi\'en to the blood morphology of the animals being studied, namely, the fox, mink and raccoon. In order to establish the normal blood counts and morphology of the blood of these animals, over four hundred samples were taken from foxes, two hundred and fifty from mink, and two hundred from raccoon. The blood was examined for haemoglobin, red blood cells and white blood cells. Blood smears were examined for the differentiation of the white blood cells into leukocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil and basophil counts. 10 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 The animals were divided into groups according to their age and sex. The groups ranged from pups under one month to foxes of considerable age. These groups were examined at regular intervals throughout the year and any changes in the blood count recorded. It is hoped that this work will provide a basis for a more rational diagnosis of many conditions found in fur-bearing animals. Since the breeding of fur-bearing animals in captivity has become an established industry, parasitic infection among them is a matter, not only of scientific interest, but of great economic importance. Experience has shown that foxes bred in captivity are almost invariably parasitized by the hookworm, Uncinaria stenocephala. A review of the literature demonstrates that research has, in foxes, apparently been confined to one phase of the subject, namely, the expulsion of the worms. Very little consideration has been given to the question of infestation of the young and to the re-infestation of animals treated with anthelmintics. Faecal samples submitted to the Experimental Fur Farm for diagnosis from all parts of the Province of Ontario demonstrate that routine treatment of foxes with anthelmintics will not prevent re-infestation unless the environmental con- ditions of the ranch are given careful consideration. Infestation can be prevented only by attacking the parasite before it gains entrance to the body of the fox, and in order to accomplish this, a study of the life-cycle and the environmental conditions under which the ova and free- living larvae develop, successfully, is necessary. In order to establish efficient methods of control and the possibility of the complete eradication of the worm, such questions as the age of sexual maturity of the worm, the duration of the larvae stage, and the resistance of the larvae to heat and cold under various conditions, appear to be essential. Investigations of the disease in humans have accomplished much along these lines but nearly all of it has been carried out in tropical and semi-tropical countries under very different climatic conditions from those experienced in Canada, especially during the winter months. A survey of the literature available to the writer dealing with Uncinaria stenocephala has revealed only one complete drawing of the male and female (Raillet, 1884). These drawings are too small and make no attempt to show differential characteristics. There also appear to be no microphotographs of Uncinaria larvae. For these reasons, an attempt has been made to present drawings and microphotographs of the various stages of the life-cycle of the worm. Other phases of the hookworm problem relating to foxes, including diagnostic technique, egg counting methods, pathology and treatment, have been investi- gated and the findings recorded. REPORT OF THE BIOLOGICAL AND FISH CULTURE BRANCH Fisheries is one of the most important natural resources of Ontario, and the maintenance of this resource is the chief objective of the Branch. 1933 ANNUAL REPORT, 1932 11 The application of scientific inquiry to our fisheries and fish cultural problems continues to yield fruitful results, and the following outline of the work accomplished indicates satisfactory progress for the year. BIOLOGICAL SURVEYS OF WATERS During the period from July 1st to September 30th, five experienced and qualified field biologists were engaged. Three devoted their attention almost exclusively to biological surveys of waters; the fourth to examination and study of hatchery fish for the purpose of preventing, curing or controlling fish diseases, and the fifth to investigations of dams and other obstructions across waterways for the purpose of determining the feasibility of introducing fishways. During the summer one hundred and twenty individual surveys were carried out, eleven of which were of a partial character. In the neighbourhood of eighteen hundred and eighty-four individual lakes and streams have been studied to date from the standpoint of their suitability for the growth and reproduction of various species of fish. 1. Removal of Coarse Fish and Transfers of Fish from One Body of Water to Another A great deal of discretion must be exercised in connection with the removal of coarse or predatory fish from any body of water. We must do work of this kind on a scientific basis and not on hearsay depredations of the species com- plained of. In other words, we must have justifiable reasons for the removal of the fish, otherwise it is a waste of time, money and energy, which will have fatal results later, on the natural balance which we are endeavouring to maintain. Following up the work of previous years, the removal of predatory pike from the famous trout waters of the Nipigon river and the removal of competitor fish from the waters of Cat or Finger lake, located in the township of Blair, district of Parry Sound, was continued. The purpose of the work in these instances is to increase the natural yield of speckled trout and bass by reducing competitor or predaceous fish in restricted environments. A biological survey of Cat lake carried out in 1930 revealed that such a step was warranted. The work involved the removal of adult pike and maskinonge to the French river and the destruction of excessive numbers of turtles with which the lake was populated. Evidence of the depredations of these turtles was not wanting. A study of the stomach contents of many hundreds of adult ling taken in lower Rideau lake and Otter lake, located in Lanark and Leeds counties, during the month of January revealed that they subsist on fish. Of one hundred stomachs examined by an assistant field biologist of the Department, ten per cent, contained small-mouthed black bass and the remainder some species of fish as food. It was observed that most of the fish were feeding after they had finished spawning. To obtain a better idea of the voracity of ling, the following data are submitted by our field officers and the President of the Smith's Falls Game and Fish Protective Association: 12 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 Date Weight in lbs. Length in ins. Sex Stomach Contents Jan 6 7 SH 2M SK 8H 7H 2M s" 8 8^ 34 30 female male male female female male male female female male female male female female male male female male 3 small-mouthed black bass {'i%"A]/2", Jan 8 4M"), and 3 alewives (2^")- 1 large-mouthed black bass (9"). Jan. 8 1 perch (5"), 1 sunfish (33^"), 12 Jan. 11 Jan. 11 Jan. 14 fingerlings (134"-2"). 1 large-mouthed black bass and 2 perch (all 6%"). 1 perch (63^"), 1 perch {SYz") and 5 other small fingerlings. 1 ling (16"), 1 lake trout (7"). Jan. 14 1 small-mouthed black bass (10") and Jan. 14 1 perch. 1 frog and 2 perch (5"). Jan. 14 to Jan. 30 2 perch (8" and 5"). 1 large-mouthed black bass {(>%"), 2 perch (6"). 1 small-mouthed black bass (7%"), 1 sunfish (43^"), 1 alewife (23^"). 1 large-mouthed black bass (9"). 1 lake trout (33^"), 2 lake trout (3"), 1 pike (7"). 1 small-mouthed black bass (103^"). 38 small fish unidentified, ranging from l>i"to5". 1 herring il"), 1 perch (4"), 1 perch (5"). 5 perch (4"), 2 pike (7"). 1 frog and 2 perch (43^"). During the period December 22nd to January 30th, hoop nets and trap nets were set in suitable areas where ling were found to be running in large numbers in lower Rideau and Otter lakes, located in Lanark and Leeds counties. Our hatchery and field officers, through the kind and gratuitous assistance of the Smith's Falls Game and Fish Protective Association, succeeded in removing 4,108 adult ling, which weighed approximately 14,835 lbs. Otter lake is in the neighbourhood of two and one-half miles long and three-quarters of a mile wide and from this small lake alone 2,246 ling were removed. Two hundred and ninety-five were removed from the waters of Wolf lake, near Westport, Leeds county, bringing the total ling removed from the region up to four thousand four hundred and three. The fish were properly disposed of and contributed to the food supply of the needy of the district. The suitability of the flesh of the ling as food is un- questionable; its repulsive exterior is one great retarding factor in its general use. Recipes for cooking this fish may be found in papers prepared by Mr. Hugh D. Branion, now of Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph. Mr. Branion, v/hile employed as an investigator in the Branch during the summer of 1930, carried out some important studies in connection with the marketing of ling and its edible qualities. After biological inquiry, the removal of pike from Hilton lake, St. Joseph Island, w^as not considered feasible. Permits were issued to transfer pickerel in the Kaministiquia river, below Kakabeka falls, to the waters above the dam, and certain officials of the Owen Sound Game and Fish Protective Association were permitted to transfer rainbow trout prior to their spawning season over the dam in the vicinity of Owen Sound, located on the Sydenham river, under the supervision of Departmental officers. 1933 ANNUAL REPORT, 1932 13 2. Closure of Water Areas The importance, definition, and purpose of sanctuaries for fish, both game and commercial varieties, were pointed out in the Department's latest annual report and it is unnecessary to repeat here. The work that the Department is doing in this connection may be found by referring to page 18 on which a list of closed waters and the conditions governing closure are given. Special studies in this cojinection consisted of the following: (1) Possibilities of augmenting the supply of small-mouthed black bass in Lake Penage by the utilization of neighbouring lakes; (2) A further study of Deep Bay, Sparrow lake, in connection with closure for sanctuary purposes. 3. Pollution Investigations in connection with pollution of waters by sewage and trade wastes were carried out in the following locations: Township of Tisdale, Cochrane district; Trent river and Bay of Quinte (Northumberland and Hastings); Grand river, Brantford; Thames river, Chatham and Wallaceburg. Measures have been suggested for controlling pollution in these areas and in most instances we find that the recommendations are being faithfully tried out. This is particularly true in the case of effluents from sugar-beet plants, which are especially difficult to control. 4. Sites for Hatcheries and Rearing Stations During the year a study was made of a suggested site for bass ponds at Marmora. Ponds for rearing brown trout and large-mouthed black bass on the Government grounds of the Guelph Reformatory were also inspected. A spring creek at Haileybury for the establishment of a trout rearing station was investi- gated. A few requests came from individuals desirous of developing streams and ponds on their own property as a private venture. These have asked for advice, which has been given gratis. On the other hand, if a survey was made, expenses covering the same were met by the individual. There is growing interest in the possibilities of developing ponds and streams along fish cultural lines. 5. Operations of Commercial Nets Studies in connection with the operation on an experimental basis of trap nets in Lake Huron and the operation of gill nets in Kenogamissi and adjacent waters in the vicinity of Timmins were undertaken. 6. Water Levels An investigation was made in connection with water levels on Loon lake, Lennox and Addington, township of Anglesea, and recommendations were suggested regarding the repair and operation of the dam at its outlet, which controls the water levels of the lake and the Skootemata river. 14 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 7. Dams and Fishways A specific and organized study of dams and other barriers across water courses to determine tiie feasibility of introducing fishways was undertaken in the following counties and districts: Algoma, Cochrane, Frontenac, Grey, Haldimand, Haliburton, Lanark, Leeds, Manitoulin Island, Muskoka (2), Nipissing, Northumberland, Parry Sound (2), Simcoe and Thunder Bay (6). FISH CULTURE Successful fish culture depends on adequate and suitable water supplies, a knowledge of the food requirements of the fish, a knowledge of fish diseases and the manner in which they may be controlled and proper planting methods. Experimental work in connection with the nutrition of trout was carried on for three successive summers by qualified university men. The results of some of these studies have been published eleswhere and when feasible their practical application has been efifectively carried out. Rearing fish to the early fry stage is a much simpler and easier process than that to large fingerling, yearling and adult stages. The reason for this is that in rearing larger fish in large numbers in restricted quarters, the problems of nutrition and disease present themselves. Extraordinary vigilance must be exercised at all times so that disease and parasitism may be controlled before they make any headway. The importance of proper transportation and planting methods in con- nection with fish distribution is recognized and the results of careful supervision of these methods is apparent. Every care is taken to see that the waters supplied with fish are suitable for the species, and that the fish are actually deposited where they will have the advantage of proper food, proper shelter, and those environmental conditions which will ensure reproduction. During the year a competent and qualified Biologist was placed in charge of the Sault Ste. Marie Trout Rearing Station. Speckled Trout A perusal of appendix 3, page 29, will give some idea of the progress made in the culture of speckled trout. A percentage increase in the distribution of 78.0 was made over that of the previous year and was due mainly to successful operations of two large rearing station? located at Dorion (Thunder Bay district) and Sault Ste. Marie. The former station was opened this year. Both stations were briefly described in the previous annual report of the Department, but it is not out of place to voice their virtues again. Both sites are excellent. There is an abundant supply of clear, cold water of constant temperature and with a good head. It is a commonly accepted principle that a fish rearing station should completely control the source of its water supply and at both stations this requirement, which is difiicult to meet as a rule when a large volutne of water is desired, is provided in a most remarkable manner. At Dorion the headwater springs forming a fan-like source, can be seen trickling out of a gently rising slope over a frontage of 150 feet approximately. Five to thirty feet back from the water's edge one can walk around the entire source on dry land. Besides the trickling springs forming the fan-like source, there are strong subterranean springs opening into the bottom of the supply reservoir or pond. These add 1933 ANNUAL REPORT, 1932 15 their quota providing in all a flow of 4,000 gallons per minute, and the amazing thing is that this is over a distance of a few hundred feet. At this site the Pro- vincial Government has completed a modern, well-equipped rearing plant capable of handling at least one and one-half million fingerling fish. Excepting for the larger volume of water at Dorion, which is nearly three times that supplied by the Sault plant, the general plan of the latter station is similar. This plan was outlined in the Department's annual report for 1930. During the year two new ponds were constructed at the Sault Station in order to provide accommodation for various year classes of trout. Suitable facilities for holding breeding trout are available at Dorion, Sault Ste. Marie and Normandale. For breeders, the fastest growing and healthiest schools are chosen. The matter of selective breeding is one which demands the best efforts at our command. Browx Trout The culture of brown trout is confined to ponds at Mount Pleasant and Codrington Trout Rearing Station, where a permanent breeding stock is main- tained. Facilities are available at Kenora hatchery iot handling a limited supply of brown trout eggs for the purpose of stocking certain lake trout waters in Kenora district, on an experimental basis. Our stocking policy is restricted to definite locations which ofiicials of the Branch consider suitable. These locations may be briefly described as follows: (1) Streams which did contain speckled trout, but which no longer support a significant number of this species at present on account of the open character of the lands adjacent to the streams, which has affected the streams adversely for speckled trout. (2) Lake trout lakes without tributary trout streams. (3) Lake trout lakes with tributary trout streams suitable for spawning trout. 4. Regional planting in order to have a complex of diversified conditions for study. Distribution of brown trout in the waters of the Muskoka river system in areas where they will not interfere with native speckled trout, is showing results. The decrease in the quantity of fingerlings planted, namely, from 900,000 in 1931 to 628,060 in 1932 was somewhat counterbalanced by the distribution of 1,100 adults. Rainbow Trout Rainbow trout distribution increased from 183,000 fingerlings in 1931 to 216,235 fingerlings in 1932. The culture of rainbow trout is confined to the lower section of Normandale trout stream. Land-locked lakes and heavy northern trout waters are chosen as suitable planting locations. A glance at the present and previous reports will give some idea of the extent of the distribution within comparatively recent years. Lake Trout The distribution of lake trout in 1931 amounted to 22,108,900 fry and fingerlings as against 16,258,800 in 1932, plus 150,000 eyed eggs. 16 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 Our collection of lake trout eggs depends on the operations of commercial fishermen when the fish are spawning. One important seat of spawntaking opera- tions is the Georgian bay. Weather conditions in the fall of the year upset the best organized plans, and the collection is often adversely affected. This was the chief cause of the reduced collection and distribution in 1932. Spawntaking operations under the supervision of Wiarton, Southampton, Sault Ste. Marie and Port Arthur hatcheries were responsible for the bulk of the output. The organization of spawntaking operations at Belleville got away to a good start, but adverse weather conditions prevented its successful culmination. Whitefish The distribution of whitefish in 1931 amounted to 342,107,000 fry, plus 1,500,000 eyed eggs, whereas in 1932 the distribution amounted to 229,035,000 fry. Provincial fish hatcheries at Glenora, Collingwood, and Normandale, contributed in largest measure to the success of the year's output. Belleville, Kihgsville and Kenora made satisfactory contributions. Lake Herring It is most interesting to note the satisfactory increase in distribution of lake herring since 1926. The successful operations at Glenora hatchery contributed most to the enlarged output in 1932, which was double that of the previous year. Yellow Pickerel (Pike-Perch or Dore) Successful pickerel operations at Kenora, Fort Frances and Sarnia hatcheries were responsible for the excellent showing in the distribution of fry, which amounted to 136,450,000 in 1931 as compared with 256,846,500 fry plus 1,000,000 eyed eggs in the spring of 1932. Maskinonge Maskinonge fry are reared artificially in a portable type of hatchery located on the Pigeon river, Omemee, each spring. In 1931 65,000 fry were distributed. The output was increased to 115,000 fry in 1932. A reference to appendices 1 and 3, pages 23 and 29 will give the details in connection with the distribution of this important game-fish. Black Bass The total output of pond-cultured black bass, both the large-mouthed and small-mouthed species, continues to show a creditable increase. In addition to pond culture a number of lakes and one stream have been used as sources of supply for the purpose of re-stocking depleted bass waters of the particular region where these lakes and streams are located. The following tables provide in detail information regarding quantities of black bass distributed from our ponds and from other waters as the result of harvesting: 1933 ANNUAL REPORT, 1932 17 Distribution of Large-mouthed Black Bass, 1932 Fry Fingerlings Yearlings Adult Pond Cultured — Mount Pleasant 112,000 3,600 1,188 Harvested — W iltse Creek 2-1 112,000 4,788 24 Distribution of Small-mouthed Black Bass, 1932 Fr\' Fingerlings Yearlings Adult Pond Cultured — Ingersoll Pond 9,900 19,500 2,350 161 Mount Pleasant 393,000 187 Harvested — Fox Lake 750 Green Lake 1,800 Lake on the Mountain 195,000 Little Gull Lake 2,700 588,000 29,400 6,850 1.098 ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON GREAT LAKES FISHERIES The outcome of the Fourth Great Lakes Fisheries' Conference, which was held at Buffalo, October 12, 1931, was the appointment by each State and the Province of Ontario of representatives to an Advisory Committee for the purpose of studying problems relating to the Great Lakes' fisheries and offering recom- mendations for the consideration of all the States and the Province concerned. It was thought that a committee could handle such matters more satisfactorily than an unwieldy conference. Commissioner Morgenthau for the State of New York was designated to write to each of the participating States and the Province of Ontario to name one person to represent them respectively on the committee and the represen- tatives appointed were as follows: Michigan F. A. W'esterman, Fish r3ivision, Department of Conservation, Lansing, Michigan. Ohio E. L. W'ickliff, Chief, Bureau of Scientific Research, Division of Conservation, Columbus, Ohio. Pennsylvania P. H. Hartman, Superintendent, Erie Fish Hatchery, Erie, Pa. New York William C. Adams, Chief, Division of Fish and Game, Conservation De- partment, Albany, N.Y. 18 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 United States Bureau of Fisheries Dr. John Van Oosten. Ontario H. H. MacKay, Biologist and Director of the Fish Culture Branch, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The first meeting of the Advisory Committee was held in the Museum of Natural History, Buffalo, June 22nd, and the second in the Reception Room of the Parliament Buildings, Toronto, December 2, 1932. The chief recommen- dations suggested by the Committee and applicable only to Lake Erie fisheries were: (1) No gill net shall be more than 36 meshes deep, effective upon the enactment by all states and the province represented by contracting parties. (2) There shall be a closed season from December 11th to the last day of February, both dates inclusive, during which period commercial fishing of all types shall be suspended. (3) No gill net with mesh less than 43<^ inches shall be employed for the taking of whitefish and lake trout, effective January 1, 1934. (4) The use of any gill net with meshes between 3)^ inches and 4% inches shall be illegal, effective January 1, 1934. (5) There shall be a closed season for sturgeon during the period, January 1, 1934, to December 31, 1938, both dates inclusive. EDUCATIONAL ACTIMTIES Officials of the Branch have been actively engaged in giving illustrated talks to game and fish protective societies and other organizations in connection with the work of the Branch, the interpretation of the fisheries' laws and the value and importance of conservation. April 4th, 1933. CLOSED WATERS The following waters were closed to all fishing during the year: Ada Lake — West of township of Stirling, district of Thunder Bay; closed to all fishing for a period of one year from January 18, 1932. Aym Lake — West of township of Stirling, district of Thunder Bay; closed to all fishing for a period of one year from January 18, 1932. Bass Lake — District of Rainy River, 2 miles north of Nestor's Falls, east of proposed Kenora- Fort Frances highway; closed to all fishing. Current River — District of Thunder Bay; closed to all fishing until May 1, 1934. Golden Gate Lake — West of township of Stirling, district of Thunder Bay; closed to all fishing for a period of one year from January 18, 1932. Little Gidl Lake— Lots 20-23, Concession X, township of Lutterworth, district of Haliburton; closed to all fishing. Little McKenAe River and tributary creeks, including Mud Lake — District of Thunder Bay; closed to all fishing until May 1, 1935. 1933 ANNUAL REPORT, 1932 19 Muskie Lake — South of township of Haycock, district of Kenora, west of Kenora-Fort Frances highway; closed to all fishing. Pearl River — District of Thunder Bay; closed to all fishing until May 1, 1935. Ring Lake — West of township of Stirling, district of Thunder Bay; closed to all fishing for a period of one year from January 18, 1932. Two Island Lake — Township of Jacques, district of Thunder Bay; closed to all fishing for a period of two years from Mav 4. 1932. ACKNOWLEDGM ENTS In conclusion, I desire to publicly express my appreciation of the assistance and support which has been rendered to the Department throughout the year. The members of the staff of both the inside and outside branches of the Service have performed any and all duties allotted to them in a faithful and zealous manner, and at all times there has been evident a spirit of loyal co- operation in the performance of the work of the Department. Our work has been made more pleasant by reason of the assistance and co-operation supplied by the transportation companies and the various Fish and Game Protective Associations throughout the province, the officers and members of which latter organizations having at all times worked in conjunction with the Department and its various officers in an earnest endeavour to secure proper observance of the provisions of The Ontario Game and Fisheries Act. All of which is respectfully submitted. I am. Sir, Your obedient servant, D. McDonald, Deputy Minister of Game and Fisheries. 20 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 APPENDIX No. 1 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1932 SMALL-MOUTHED BLACK BASS Fry Addington: Long lake 5,000 Loon lake 5,000 Otter lake 5,000 South Beaver lake 5,000 White lake 5,000 Brant: Oakland ponds 3,000 Bruce: Cameron lake 5,000 Elgin: Dadson pond 5,000 Frontenac: Bobs lake 5,000 Black-lake 5,000 Crown lake 5,000 Devil lake 5,000 Draper lake 5,000 Gull lake 5,000 Knowlton lake 5,000 Sharbot lake 10,000 White lake 5,000 Wolf lake 5,000 Hastings: Baotiste lake 2,500 Bass lake 10,000 North lake 5,000 Stimers lake 5,000 Stocolake 5,000 Kent: Mitchell's bay 5,000 Lambton: Sydenham river 5,000 Leeds: Benson lake 5,000 Rideau lakes ' 15,000 Sand lake 5,000 Whitefishlake 5,000 Middlesex: Thames river 5,000 Muskoka: Clear lake 5,000 Leonard lake 10,000 Sand lake 15,000 Northumberland: Crow bay 5,000 Katchawanooka lake 5,000 Trent river 10,000 Parry Sound: Ahmic lake 10,000 Beaver lake 10,000 Bells lake 10,000 Caribou lake 5,000 Cat, or Finger lake 10,000 Cecebe lake 10,000 Clear lake (Patterson twp.) 10,000 Commanda Lake 10,000 Deer Lake (Lount twp.) 10,000 Doe lake 10,000 Driver lake 10,000 Jack's lake 5,000 Lake Bain 10,000 Limestone lake 10,000 Little Clam lake 10,000 Lorimer lake 10.000 Magnetawan river 10,000 Mary Jane lake 10,000 Otter lake 15,000 Pickerel lake 10,000 Pickerel river 10,000 Pine lake 5,000 Powell's lake 10,000 Rainy lake ' 15,000 Restoule lake 10,000 Stanlevlake 5,000 WilsoHs lake 10,000 Peterborough: Belmont lake 5,000 Chemong lake 2,500 Jack's, or White lake 5,000 White lake 5,000 Prince Edward: Consecon lake 5,000 East lake 5,000 Roblin'slake 5,000 West lake 5,000 Simcoe: Lake Couchlching 10,000 Little lake (\'espra twp.) 2,500 Severn river (Gloucester pool) . . . 10,000 Victoria: Mud lake 5,000 Oak lake 5,000 Swamp lake 5,000 Waterloo: Grand river 15,000 River Nith 2,500 W^ellington: Puslinch lake 10,000 York: Black river 10,000 Total 588,000 1933 ANNUAL REPORT, 1932 21 SPECIES AXD gUAXTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IX PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1932~Cojitinued FiNGERLIN'GS Frontenac: Cross lake (Kennebec) 250 Grev : W'ilders lake 500 Haliburton: Bitter, or Hardwood lake 250 Bobs lake 250 Deer lake 250 Gull lake.. 250 Head lake 250 Kushog, or Kashamagamog lake. . 250 Long lake 250 Loon, or Mink lake 250 North lake 250 Soyer lake 250 Middlesex: Thames river , . 250 Muskoka: Clearwater lake 250 Gull lake 250 McKav's lake 250 Three Mile lake 250 Nipissing: Bear lake 1,000 Champlain lake 1,000 Clear lake 250 Deer lake 250 Lachapelle lake 1,000 Lake Nipissing 1,000 Lake Nosbonsing 2,000 Marten lake 1,000 Net lake 250 Talon lake 1,000 Trout lake 1.000 Turtle lake 1,000 Wickstead lake 1,000 Upper French river 500 Sudbury: Chariton lake 250 Cranberry lake 250 Cutler, or Hardpan lake 1,000 French river 500 Godfrey lake 1,000 Lake Penage 750 Loon lake 1,000 Moose, or Evangeline lake 250 \'euvenue. or Hatter lake 250 Timiskaming: Baartslake 250 Butler lake 250 Emerald lake 2,000 Lake Timagami 500 Long or Kushog lake 250 Montreal river 250 Sesekinika lake 1,000 Silver r)ueen lake 250 Twin lakes 250 Wendigo lake 250 \'ictoria: Speed river 250 Waterloo: Grand river 1,500 York: Lake Simcoe 500 Total 29,400 Yearlings and Adults Carleton : McKay, or Hemlock lake 100 Ottawa river 200 Frontenac: Cross lake (Kennebec) 200 Long lake 100 Haliburton: Cranberry lake 100 Devils lake 100 Gull lake 100 Head lake 100 Horseshoe lake 100 Kushog, or Kashamagamog lake. 100 Long lake 100 Loon, or Mink lake 100 Paudash lake 100 Pollewog lake 100 Soyer lake 100 West lake 100 Yankton lake 100 Hastings: Johngamong lake 100 Trout lake (Faraday twp.) 100 Kenora: Aussi lake 40 Black Sturgeon lake 100 Kawabamick lake 50 Langton lake 90 Little X'ermilion lake 90 Pritchard lake 90 Rabbit lake 190 Squaw lake 100 Kent: Mitchell's bay 187 Lanark: Christies lake 100 Otty lake 100 Patterson lake 100 Pike lake 100 White, or Wabalak lake 100 Leeds: Charleston lake 100 Killenbeck lake 100 Rideau lake 100 Middlese.x: Thames river 1,000 Muskoka: Black lake 100 22 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1932— Continued Nipissing: Cache lake 100 Parry Sound: Magnetawan river 100 Peterborough: Balsam lake 100 Belmont lake 100 Buckhorn lake 100 Chemong lake 100 Clear lake 100 Jack's or White's lake 100 Lovesick lake 100 Round lake 100 Stoney lake 100 Prince Edward: Lake on the Mountain 160 Renfrew: Petawawa river 100 Victoria: Balsam lake 250 Cameron lake 350 Mud lake 100 Sturgeon lake 350 Waterloo: Conestogo stream 200 Grand river 200 York: Musselman's lake 200 Total 7,948 LARGE-MOUTHED BLACK BASS Fry Brant: Cooley's pond 5,000 Whiteman's, or Horner's Creek. . 7,500 Bruce: Isaac lake 5,000 Durham: Lake Scugog 15,000 Hastings: Oak lake 5,000 Wolfe lake 5,000 Huron: Lakelet 5,000 Northumberland : Crow river 5,000 Trent river 2,500 Ontario: Chalk lake 2,500 Parry Sound: Island lake (Wilson twp.) 5,000 Long lake 5,000 Pietchman's lake 2,000 Silver lake 5,000 Trout lake (Humphrey twp.). • - • 5,000 Victoria, or Vowell's lake 5,000 Perth: Victoria lake 10,000 Simcoe: Little lake (Tay twp.) 2,500 Victoria: Speed river 5,000 Wentworth: Hamilton pond 10,000 Total 112,000 FiNGERLINGS Frontenac: Garrison lake 500 Haliburton: Devils lake 100 Leeds: Delta lake 100 Highby lake 100 Killenbeck lake 100 Long lake 98 Lower Beverley lake 100 Newboro lake 100 Opinecon lake 100 Otter lake 100 Rideau lake 100 Sand lake 100 Singleton lake 95 Troy lake 95 Nipissing: Long lake 1,000 Pine lake 1,000 Simcoe: Little lake (Tay twp.) 1,000 Total 4,788 Yearlings and Adults Leeds: Long lake 2 Newboro lake 2 Rideau lakes 10 Singleton lake 5 Troy lake 5 Total 24 1933 ANNUAL REPORT, 1932 23 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROXTNCIAL WATERS, 1932— Continued MASKIXONGE Fry Durham: Lake Scugog. Northumberland : Trent river. . . , 10,000 10,000 Peterborough : Belmont lake 5,000 Chemong lake 10,000 Round lake 5,000 Stoney lake 10,000 Victoria: Balsam lake 10,000 Cameron lake 10,000 Pigeon lake 10,000 Pigeon river 25,000 Sturgeon lake 10,000 Total 115,000 BROWN TROUT FiNGERLINGS Brant: Whiteman's creek. 30,000 Carleton: Mississippi river 25,000 Elgin: Otter lake. Esse.x : Wigle Creek. Fronlenac: Big Clear lake. Wolf lake 20,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 Grey : Saugeen river 35,000 Haliburton: Cameron lake 5,000 Horn lake 15,000 Maple lake 15,000 Kenora: Granite lake Trout lake (Pellatt twp.). 5,000 4,060 Leeds: Charleston lake 20.000 Otter lake 20,000 Lenno.x: Big Weslemkoon 15,000 Manitoulin: Lake Manitou 10,000 Muskoka: Beaver creek . . Brandy creek. . Koshee lake. . . Hoc Roc creek. Muskoka lake. Rosseau river . . Muskoka river. Shadow ri\er. . Sharpe's creek . Skeleton river. Nipissing: Champlain lake. Lowell lake Norfolk: Big Creek. Parry Sound: Fulrod's creek. Peel: Huniber river. Perth: Avon river. . . . Maitland river. Peterborough: Bottle lake. Eagle lake. . Oak lake... Renfrew: Madawaska river. Pine lake Sudburv: Bull lake... Millen lake. Timiskaming: Larder lake. Waterloo: Fisher Mill dam. Mill creek York: Silver Trout, or Massey creek. 10,000 20,000 10,000 25,000 5,000 20,000 20,000 18,000 20,000 12,000 10,000 5,000 10,000 2,500 15,000 10,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 20,000 30,000 7,500 10,000 10,000 25,000 2,000 10,000 2,000 Total 628,060 Yearlings Waterloo: Mill creek Private (Sale). 1,000 100 Total . RAINBOW TROUT Fry and Fingerlings 1,100 Bruce: Gillies lake. 5,000 24 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 6 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1932— Continued Frontenac: Silver lake 2,000 Haliburton: Burnt lake 10,000 Simcoe: Stoney creek 15,000 Sudbury: Aux Sable river 10,000 French river 42,585 Rapid river 10,000 Sandcherry creek 10,000 Wahnapitae lake 10,000 Windy creek 10,000 York: Brough's creek 21,400 Lake Simcoe 70,000 Sales 250 Total 216,235 SPECKLED TROUT Eyed Eggs Thunder Bav: Big MacKenzie lake 7,800 Moose lake 7,800 Question Mark lake 7,800 23,400 Fry Haliburton: Blue lake 2,000 Bray's lake 5,000 Clear lake 10,000 Hollow, or Kawagama 10,000 East river 10,000 Fletcher lake 5,000 Otter lake 5,000 Oxtongue lake 12.500 Round lake 5,000 Stocking lake 10,000 Wrfen lake 10,000 Muskoka: Lake of Bavs 25.000 Bella, or Sa'nd lake 5,000 Big East river 4,000 Black creek 10,000 Clear lake (Ridout) 2,500 Cooper's lake 2.000 Deep lake 2,000 Grindstone lake 5.000 Hunter bay 2,500 Fairy lake 17,000 Heney's lake 5,000 Muskoka river 35,000 Muskoka river creek 3.000 Oxtongue lake 10,000 Peninsular lake 4,000 Rebecca lake 5,000 Muskoka — Continued Red Chalk lake 10,000 Lake Vernon 10,000 Walkers lake 5,000 Watties creek 5,000 Nipissing: White lake 5,000 256,500 FiNGERLINGS Algoma: Burnt Island lake 10,000 Achigan lake 7,500 Alva lake 10,000 Agawa river 20,000 Anjigami creek 5,000 Batchevvana river 20,000 Beaver lake (Aweres) 5,000 Beaver, or Loone creek 3,000 Beaver Tail lake 3,000 Bennet's lake 5,000 Belleau lake 5,000 Bettv lake 3,000 Birch lake 3,000 Boundry lake 2,000 Burroughs lake 10,000 Bovles creek 10,000 Lake Bud 2,000 Bullfrog lake 3,000 Chippewa river 40,000 Clear lake 10,000 Clearwater lake 2,000 Cottams creek 3,000 Cummings lake 10,000 Dam creek 2,500 Driving creek 5,000 Dunn's creek 2.500 Evans lake 2,000 Garden river 10,000 Goulais river 10.000 Grattan lakes 5,000 Gravel river 20.000 Grouse lake 5,000 Haines lake 2.500 Half Mile lake 5,000 Harmony river 10,000 Hart lake 10,000 Hubert lake 5,000 Iron river 10,000 Irvine lake 3,000 Island lake (Aweres) 5,000 Jones lake 5,000 Kaskawan creek 5,000 Kendogami creek 10,000 Kena creek 2,500 Kent's creek 5,000 Limberlost lake 10,000 Little White river, or Camp B. creek 45,000 Long lake 5,000 Loon lake 10,000 Marvanne lake 5,000 Manhole lake 5,000 Michipicoten river 20,000 Moose lake (Aweres) 3,000 1933 ANNUAL REPORT, 1932 25 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1932— Continued Algon:a — Con tinned Moose Lake (25-R-13) 20,000 Mongoose lake 15,000 Mountain or Chipman lake 10,000 Mud or Mouse creek 3,000 McAulev lake 10,000 McGill's creek 2,500 Mclntvre lake 3,000 McX'eigh creek 20,000 Nettleton lake 10,000 Noel lake 5,000 Pine lake 10,000 Rapid river 10,000 Root river 10,000 Sand lake 5,000 Sand river 20,000 Scarbolake 5,000 Schedules creek 3,000 Sharkev lake 2,000 Silver creek 10,000 Speckled Trout brook 2,000 Spruce lake 10,000 Stokelv creek 15,000 Star lake 3,000 Summits lake ' 5,000 Swamp lake 3,000 St. Marv's river 15,000 Trout lake (24 R. 12) 2,500 Trout lake (62-R. 29) 20,000 Twabinasav lake 5,000 Twin lakes' (Jarvis) 3,000 Victoria creek 10,000 Walker lake 15,000 Wanamaker creek 5,000 Wartz lake 10,000 Wyel lake 5,000 Bruce: Barrow Bay creek 5,900 Silver stream 5,000 Willow creek 10,000 Durham: Barker's creek 5,000 Bert Reid creek 5,000 Best's stream 15,000 Burk's camp (or Gardner) 5.000 Cadmas creek 7,500 Cavan creek 60,000 Deyell's creek 10,000 Ganaraska river 30,000 Griffiths creek 5,000 Harris creek 7.000 Hooey's creek 7,500 Leskard creek 5,000 Mount Pleasant creek 7,500 McKindley's creek 7,000 McLaughlin's creek 5,000 Smith's creek 2,500 Thurtle's creek (also called Quan- trel's, or Butternut) 14,500 DufFerin: Buchanan's stream 2,500 Carlton, or Bowling creek 5,500 Cemetery, or Cundy stream 5,000 Curtis creek -. 2,500 Pine river 5,000 Dufferin — Continued Piatt's creek 5,500 Hunter's creek 5,500 Spring brook in Corporation of Orangeville 2,500 Warner creek 5,000 Elgin: Ball creek 5,000 Buck creek 2,000 Goodwillie creek 5,000 Grange Hall creek 1,000 Howey creek 2,000 Wolfe creek 5,000 Frontenac: Black creek 20,000 Clyde river 15,000 Eagle lake 15,000 Trout lake 15,000 Grey: Beaver river 25,000 Dornoch, or Buchanan's lake. . . . 2,500 Hydro waters (Eugenia Crown Reserve) . . ." 5,000 Jamieson's creek 1,000 Priddle's Spring creek 10,000 Little or Beatty river 5,000 Saugeen river 40,000 Sydenham river 5,000 Haliburton: Auger lake 10,000 Bat lake creek 5,000 Bear lake creek 10,000 Beaver lake 5,000 Bitter or Hardwood lake 10,000 Clear lake 10,000 Hollow or Kawagama Lake 15,000 Eagle river 5,000 Elephant or Pacey's creek 15,000 Glidden's creek 10,000 Gull river 10,000 Jim Beef lake 5,000 Little Bear lake 2,000 Loon or Big Mink lake. . 5,000 Moose Lake (Harburn) 5,000 McCue creek 20,000 North creek (Fletcher) 5,000 Oxtongue lake 5,000 O.xtongue river 44,500 Percv lake 2,500 Paudash lake 10,000 Redstone river 20,000 Redstone lake 10,000 Stormy lake creek 2,500 Sucker Run creek 5,000 Twelve Mile creek 15.000 Watts lake 10,000 Wren lake 7,500 Hastings: Baragar lake 15,000 Cedar creek 5.000 Cooley's creek 7,500 Diamond lake 5,000 Deer river 10,000 26 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, \9i2— Continued Hastings — Conlimied Echo lake 20,000 Egan creek 5,000 Green's creek 15,000 Hare's lake 20,000 Sidney creek 22,500 Steen's creek 10,000 Lake St. Peter 35,000 Trout lake (Faradav) 25,000 Trout Lake (lake) 5,000 Two Mile creek 10,000 Peter's lake 20,000 Waterhouse lake 15,000 Watt's creek 10,000 Huron: Big, or Patterson's creek 5,000 Lizar Trout stream 2,000 .Spring creek 2,500 Wray and Wylie creek 5,000 Lanark: Craig's creek 5,000 Leeds: Otter creek 7,000 Manitoulin: Anderson lake 10,000 Blue Jay river 15,000 Grimsthorpe creek 5,000 Manitou ri\er 25,000 McColenian's creek 15,000 Middlesex: Wye creek 10,000 Muskoka: Bear creek 2,500 Beager creek 5,000 Bella or Sand lake 25,000 Black creek 5.000 Bovne creek 5,000 Buck lake 10,000 Clear lake creek 5,000 Clear lake (Watt) 3,000 Camel's lake. 5,000 Creek on Cone. 12, Ryde twp 11,000 Deer lake 5,000 Echo lake 15,000 East river 20,000 Big East river 10,000 Little East river 10,000 Fairy lake 10,000 Gipsy Bells creek 3,000 Grindstone lake 5,000 Henev's lake 5,000 Lake of Bays 193,000 Long or Wasiosa lake 5,000 Mary lake 15,000 Ma3''s creek 2,500 Menominee lake 1,000 Mud lake 3,000 Muskoka river 30,000 Muskoka River creek 5,000 Nichol's creek 2,500 Pine lake 20,000 Peninsular lake 10,000 Muskoka — Continued Rebecca lake 16,000 Red Chalk lake 5,000 Round lake 10,000 Shoe lake 15,000 Skelton lake 5,000 Skelton river 15,000 Lake X'ernon 20,000 Watties creek 5,000 Nipissing: Aura Lee lake 10,000 Burnt lake 15,000 Dorans creek 25,000 Duschesne creek 35,000 Four Mile creek 25,000 Green creek 10,000 Green lake 19,000 Hardman lake 5,000 Harrington or Margaret lake. . . . 10,000 Island lake 10,000 North river 25,000 Tilden lake 7,500 Norfolk: Spooky Hollow stream 1,600 Spring creek 4,500 Vittoria creek 1,500 y Northumberland: Allen's, or Keller's Spring 15,000 Bricklev creek 10,000 Burnley creek 25,000 Colborne creek 5,000 Creek at Codrington 2,011 Dawson or Salt creek 17,500 Factory creek 10,000 Heffernan's creek 17,500 Mutton's creek (also called Darke's or Phillip's) 11,000 Sandv Flats, or O'Rorke's creek. . 20,000 Trout creek (Percy) 10,000 \'anblaircomb's or Carr's creek. . . 7,000 West creek 20,000 Woodland creek 15,000 Ontario: Black river 40,000 Chubtown creek 5,000 Electric Light pond 10,000 Elgin pond 2,500 Oatmeal pond 5,000 Raglan pond 5,000 Smalley's creek (Beaver creek).. . 35,000 Parrv .Sound: Black creek 5.000 Bavlake 5,000 Big Clam lake 15,000 Buck lake 5.000 Brazier's creek 2,000 Clear lake (Foley) 10,000 Compass lake 5,000 Deer lake (Lount) 5,000 Deer lake, or Wah-Wash-Kish . . . 5,000 Distress river 5,000 Eagle lake 10,000 Fleming lake 2,000 1933 ANNUAL REPORT, 1932 27 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1932— Continued Parry Sound — Continued Fulrod's creek 2,500 Ham lake 6,000 Lynx lake 5,000 Magnetawan river 55,000 Mink lake 5,000 McQuabv lake 15,000 Owl lake 10,000 Paislevlake 17,000 Pickerel river 10,000 Rat lake 5,000 Rock lake 2,500 Samy's lake 5,000 Scotia creek 5,000 Semi-Koka creek 5,000 Sequin river 15,000 Spring lake 5,000 Steel's creek 5,000 Stoney lake, or Lake Bernard. . . . 20,000 Tenant creek 2,500 King lake 5,000 Peel: Coffev's creek 5,000 Credit river 12,500 Greer's creek 5,000 Humber river 20,000 Milburn's creek (or Moffatt's stream) 2,500 Montgomery creek ^ 5,000 Spring, oY Secret creek 5,000 Perth: Avon river 5,000 Peterborough: Eel's creek 10,000 Halls Glen creek 5,000 Needles Law Mill, or Baxter creek 25,000 Norwood creek 12,500 Ouse river 20,000 Little Ouse river 17,500 Plateau creek 10.000 Peterboro Fish & Game Club rearing pond 25,000 Sedgewick creek 10,000 Springville creek 7,500 Prince Edward: Huycke's creek 3,000 Renfrew: Hearst Lake 10,000 Boland's lake 2,000 Burns or Trout lake 15,000 Brennan's creek 10,000 Cedar lake 20,000 Christink lake, or McKay creek. . 5,000 Clear lake 25,000 Constant creek 10,000 Dominic lake 1,000 Duke lake 12,000 Gun lake 10,000 Johnston's creek 10,000 Kellvlake 15.000 Little Trout lake 10,000 Mill creek 25.000 Nadeau creek 6,000 Wadsworth lake 10,000 Simcoe: Avon creek 1,000 Avon river 1,000 Black creek 5,000 Coldwater river 36,000 Copelands creek 1,000 Gallaugher creek 2,000 Sturgeon river 32.000 Silver creek 5,000 Sudburv: Ella lake 2,500 Emerald lake 5.000 Grassy Lake creek 3,000 Mowat creek 5.000 Nelson river 10,000 Poke creek 10.000 Poulin creek 20,000 Pumphouse creek 15.000 Lake Penage 1.000 Thunder Bav: Allen lake 20.000 Anderson lake 5,000 Beck lake 10.000 Black river 10,000 Brule creek 10,000 Cedar creek 10,000 C.N.R. lake 5.000 Corbett's creek 15,000 Cousineau lake 15,000 Currant river 36.000 Deception lake 15.000 Eraser creek 65.000 Hilmalake 6,000 Lower Twin lake 5,000 Maud lake 5,000 Mirror lake 5.000 McGregor lake 15,000 Mclntyre or Three Mile creek. . . 24,000 McKenzie ri\er 25,000 Small McKenzie lake 15,000 Mc\'icars lake 5,000 Neal lake. 5,000 Neebing river 20,000 Nipigon river 200,000 Pearl river 30,000 Pitch creek 15.000 Rainbow lake 5.000 Reochslake 15,000 Silver lake (McTavish) 15,000 Spring creek 2,500 Spring lake near Kashabowie lake 5,000 Trout lake 10,000 Upper Twin lake. . .^ 5,000 Walker or Newman's lake 10,000 Whitewood creek 20,000 Widenian lake 5,000 Timiskaming: Ada creek 5,000 Blanche river 10,000 Boston creek 5,000 Croft's creek 5,000 Crvstal lake 10,000 Dickson creek 10,000 Frere lake 5,000 Fuller's creek 5,000 28 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PP.OVINCIAL WATERS, 1932— Continued Timiskaming — Continued Graham's creek 5,750 Gieason creek 10,000 Grassy creek 10,000 Hooker creek 5,000 Kamascotia river 10,000 Kapakita creek 5,000 Latour creek 5,000 Moffatt's creek 5,000 Pike creek 5,000 Ranisbottom creek 5,000 Red Sucker creek 10.000 Shaw's creek 5,000 Small Spot creek 5,000 Spring creek 5,000 Lake Temagami 45,000 Wabi river 7,000 Water Hen creek 5,000 Spring or Johnson lake 7,500 Waterloo: Cedar creek 2,500 Mickus creek 2,500 Mills creek 20,000 Schwindts creek 2,500 Speed river 5,000 Wilkes creek 2,500 Wei land: Effingham stream , 2,000 Sulphur Springs 2,000 Williams creek 5,000 Wellington: Andrews creek 5.000 Lutterell creek 5,000 Orton stream 5,000 Small spring on No. 7 Concession, Erin twp 1,000 Victoria: Beech creek 5,000 Grant's creek 2,500 Private \\'aters: Sales 5,128 Total 4,634,889 Yearlings and Adults Algoma: Agawa river 6.500 Batchewana river 8,500 Beaver or Loon creek 500 Beaver lake (Aweres) 1,903 Beckings lake 500 Black lake 2,000 Boundary lake 2,000 Carp river 2,000 Chippewa river 2,000 Deer lake 2,000 Elizabeth lake 2.000 Garden river 2,000 Goulais river 2,000 Gravel river 2.000 Harmony river 2,000 Algoma — Continued Heyden lake 2,000 Iron river 2,000 Island lake (Aweres) 1,650 Island lake (AIc.Mahon) 2,000 Jimmy lake 2,000 Johnston's creek 10,500 Cannon creek 500 Loon lake (Kirkwood) 2,000 Loon lake (Jarvis) 2,000 Little Thessalon or Bridgland river 2,000 Little White river 2,000 Mashagami lake 2,000 Maud lake 2,000 Michipicoten river 6,500 Mountain lake (lA) 2,000 Mountain or Chipman lake 2,000 Moose lake (Kehoe) 2,000 Otter lake 2,000 Pine lake 2,000 Rapid river 2,000 Rockv Island lake 2,000 Root river 12,000 Silver creek 10,500 Snowshoe creek 500 St. Mary's river 3,500 Twin lakes 2,000 Wolf lake 2,000 Lower Island lake 2,000 Durham: Ganaraska river 1,284 Leskard creek 1,275 McLaughlin's creek 1,000 Hastings: Sidnev creek 1,000 Two Alile creek 1,000 Norfolk: Forestry Station 140 North Creek 900 Spooky Hollow stream 1,200 Vittoria creek 1,200 Northumberland : Burnley creek 1,500 Dawson or Salt creek 1,500 West creek 1,000 Woodland creek 1,000 Ontario: Hodson's creek 510 Peterborough : Little Ouse river 725 Ouse river 1,000 Norwood creek 1,000 Sudbury: Nelson river 2,000 Pumphouse creek 2,000 Private \\'aters: Sales 2,540 Total 147,327 1933 ANNUAL REPORT, 1932 29 APPENDIX No. 2 SPECKLED TROUT DISTRIBUTION, 1932 Length in Inches Quantity Eggs 23,400 Fry 256,500 1 inch.; : '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 728,500 1J4 inches 147,500 VA inches 136,025 1% inches -^6.900 1 to 2}4 inches 327,500 2 inches 646,000 2}4 inches 512.511 2H inches 636.280 1^2 to 2}i inches 856.000 2 to 3 inches 143.500 2 to 5 inches 78.615 3 inches 70.773 3 to 4 inches 360,000 4 to 7 inches 66.462 7 to 10 inches 1-010 6 to 8 inches 22,850 14 to 16 inches L63O 18 to 20 inches 1-iO 5,062,116 APPENDIX No. 3 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH ACCORDING TO SPECIES, 1931-1932 1931 1932 Lake trout, eyed eggs Lake trout fry and fingerlings Speckled trout, eyed eggs Speckled trout, fry and fingerlings. . . . Speckled trout, yearlings Speckled trout, adults Rainbow" trout, frj- and fingerlings. . . . Rainbow trout, yearlings Brown trout, fingerlings Brown trout, adults Small-mouthed black bass fry Small-mouthed black bass, fingerlings. Small-mouthed black bass, yearlings. . Small-mouthed black bass, adults Large-mouthed black bass, fry Large-mouthed black bass, fingerlings. Large-mouthed black bass, yearlings. . Maskinonge, fry Pickerel, eyed eggs Pickerel, fry \\'hitefish, ej'cd eggs Whitefish, fry Herring, fr>- Herring, eyed eggs Golden Shiners Perch Miscellaneous Total , 22,108,900 50,000 2,724.003t 68,837 183,000 r 10,925** 900,000 332,500 92,985 15.919 232 35.000 18,640 3.943 65,000 136,450,000 1,500,000 342,107,000 36,395,000 400 1,000 150.000 16.258,800 23.400 4,891,389 144,512 2.815 216,235 543,053,884 628.060 1.100^ 588.000 29,400 7.948tt 112.000 4,788 24tt 115.000 1,000.000 256,846.500 229,035.000 75',000.000 100,000 1,400 585,156,371 tFingerlings only. +One to four years. **11 months. *VearIings. tJYearlings and adults. 30 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 9 APPENDIX GAME AND FISHERIES Statistics of the Fishing Industry in the Public Waters Equip District No. of men Tugs Gasoline launches Sail and row boats Gill nets No. Tons Value No. Value No. Value Yards Value Kenora and Rainy River Districts 505 261 154 525 293 153 845 584 496 $ 135 49 39 137 74 36 155 190 50 $ 65,160 29,624 32,300 107,875 49,570 11,145 164,270 99,390 21,865 209 68 62 104 35 81 164 157 195 $ 7,757 6,130 4,740 5,600 1.960 3,665 8,505 5,598 7,079 314,300 743,820 319,170 1,365,484 999,100 $ 46,627 9 9 23 17 284 215 590 499 44,500 44,000 160,500 139,800 70,665 37,755 135,589 120,255 Lake St. Clair (with St. Clair and Detroit Rivers) 30 857 230,000 1,288,231 890,190 309,980 194,709 81,446 9 164 33,000 23.563 Totals 3,816 97 2,609 651,800 865 581,199 1,075 51,034 6,230.275 710,609 APPENDIX QUANTITIES OF District Herring Whitefish Trout Pike Pickerel (blue) Pickerel (dore) lbs. lbs. 700,137 193,433 167,999 1,194,810 219,227 826 912,160 418,291 1,058,941 lbs. 92,746 1,123,700 362,652 1,313,210 1,292,462 1,823 301,579 156,320 lbs. 782,654 15,090 90,789 98,940 188 19,249 55,189 170,195 77,526 lbs. 1,195 lbs. 1,208,674 757,071 4,288 18,718 343,427 15 851,233 651,387 9,153 116,900 91,997 96,147 1,974 3,790 3,962,054 91,951 217,862 Lake St. Clair (with St. Clair and Detroit Rivers) . 26,892 296,875 15,976 157,313 Totals 2,635,292 4,865,824 4,644,492 1,309,820 4,060,964 2,228,636 $131,764.60 $535,240.64 §510,894.12 578,589.20 $203,048.20 $245,149.96 1933 ANNUAL REPORT, 1932 No. 4 31 DEPARTMENT, ONTARIO of Ontario, for the Year Ending December 31st, 1932 MENT Seine nets Pound nets Hoop nets Dip and roll nets Night lines Spears Freezers and Ice houses Piers and wharves Total value No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No. Value $ 27 51 88 82 107 121 580 S 8.085 23.925 38.275 79,900 66,100 12,695 301,000 27 S 6,150 1 $ 4 S S 126 20 38 48 53 21 89 34 51 S 27,075 7,665 10,675 16.915 25.635 8.875 121.375 10.045 9.960 96 22 30 52 18 9 66 27 18 S 12.960 6.160 14.650 15.060 10.575 2.025 24.950 3.775 1.063 S 173.818 188.669 5 41 200 902 2 23,861 15.614 4,150 3,000 2,931 7,620 15 4.281 1,212 204 91 118 384 182.610 8 1,300 1,095 9 44 527.761 415.107 47 10.210 16.905 565 7.085 5.425 10.835 345 6.406 6 9 17 61 20 43 78 399 44.054 [66 23 505 154 460 17,382 4,768 1,056,238 218.177 76 19 5,200 46 297 113.984 203 36.065 24,106 1,075 535,180 755 29,862 94 544 57,178 6,305 55 341 480 238,220 338 91.218 1 2.920,418 No. 5 FISH TAKEN Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed coarse Caviare Total X'alue lbs. 29,476 lbs. lbs. 15.955 lbs. 43,880 204,991 134,188 340,684 946,959 lbs. 4,830 lbs. 1.491 1.039 186 46.088 9.495 298.760 510.791 49.548 271,279 lb?>. 112,099 72,740 235,335 80.704 107,045 215,255 1.002.982 204.694 286,189 lbs. 507 lbs. 2.993.644 2.487.745 1,099.179 3.202.242 3,177,719 669.356 12.733.559 2.255.699 2,246,045 $286,742 13 2 781 212,148 59 7,596 4,009 5.351 30.382 58.294 5,028,975 98,112 20,312 120 6,220 408 31.800 83.346 201.352 101,701 20 3 508 500 842 30 369 92,542 10 1,367 319.812 18 7,782 273.208 12 13,975 37.338 52 27,289 702.673 11 2,513 15,625 50,071 12,327 78,990 162.493 81 199,614 94 108,404 62,398 5,261,390 1,749,692 429.777 1,188,677 2,317,043 2,779 30,865,188 $43,361.60 $4,367.86 $263,069.50 $104,981.52 $34,382.16 $59,433.85 $69,511.29 $2,779.00 2,286.573.50 32 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES REPORT No. 9 APPENDIX No. 6 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE YIELD OF THE FISHERIES OF ONTARIO Kind Herring Whitefish Trout Pike Pickerel (Blue) . . Pickerel (Dore) . . . Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse Caviare Totals 1931 lbs. 4,234,028 5,293,151 4,807,807 1,225,102 5,404,694 2,278,824 129,939 85,063 4,471,542 1,173,147 503,066 1,078,640 2,518,970 3,843 33,207,816 1932 lbs. 635,292 865,824 644,492 309,820 060,964 228,636 108,404 62,398 261,390 749,692 429,777 ,188,677 ,317,043 2,779 30,865,188 Increase lbs. 84,718 789,848 576,545 1 10,037 Decrease lbs. 1,598,736 427,327 163,315 1,343,736 50,188 21,535 22,665 73,289 '261,927 1,064 *2,342,628 ''Net Decrease. APPENDIX No. 7 STATE.MENT OF YIELD OF THE FISHERIES OF ONTARIO 1932 Kind Quantity Price per pound Estimated value Herring lbs. 2,635,292 4,865,824 4,644,492 1,309,820 4.060,964 2,228,636 108,404 62,398 5,261,390 1,749,692 429,777 1,188,677 2,317,043 2,779 $0.05 .11 .11 .06 .05 .11 .40 .07 .05 .06 .08 .05 .03 1.00 $131,764.60 Whitefish 535,240.64 Trout . . 510,894.12 Pike . . . 78,589.20 Pickerel (Blue) 203,048.20 Pickerel (dore) 245,149.96 Sturgeon 43,361.60 Eels 4,367.86 Perch 263,069.50 Tullibee 104,981.52 Catfish 34,382.16 Carp 59,433.85 Mixed and coarse 69,511.29 Caviare 2,779.00 Totals 30,865,188 $2,286,573.50 Twenty-Seventh Annual Report GF THE Game and Fisheries Department 1933 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO SESSIONAL PAPER No. 9. 1933 ONTARIO TORONTO Printed and Published by Herbert H. Ball, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty 1934 To The Honourable Herbert Alexander Bruce, a Colonel in the Royal Army Medical Corps, F.R.C.S. (Eng.), Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario. May It Please Your Honour: I have the honour to submit herewith for the information of Your Honour and the Legislative Assembly, the Twenty-seventh Annual Report of the Game and Fisheries Department of this Province. I have the honour to be, Your Honour's most obedient servant, Geo. H. Challies, Minister in Charge, Department of Game and Fisheries Toronto, 1934. (ii) TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Game and Fisheries Department of Ontario To The Honourable George H. C rallies, Minister in Charge, Department of Game and Fisheries. Sir: — I have the honour to place before you this Twenty-seventh Annual Report of the Department of Game and Fisheries of Ontario, covering the vear 1933. FIXANXIAL The following table contains details of the various sources from which this Department derived its revenue during the fiscal vear under review, ended October 31st, 1933: Revenue for Fiscal Year 1933 Game — Royalty $ 89,153.07 Licenses — Trapping $ 27,900.50 Non-resident hunting 35,080.00 Deer 50,257.50 Moose 5,219.50 Gun 75,760.80 Fur Dealers 31,107.60 Fur Farmers 6,617. 50 Tanners 150.00 Cold Storage 203.00 $232,296.40 Fisheries — Royalty $ 7,586.85 Licenses — Fishing $ 93,154.00 Angling 121,981.18 $215,135 18 $321,449.47 Sales — Spawn taking 474.30 General — Guides' Licenses $ 5,093.61 Fines 9,467.38 Sales — Confiscated articles, etc 4,880.51 Rent 4,301.00 Commission 2,835.35 Miscellaneous 433.70 $223,196.33 $ 27.011.55 $571,657.35 The table appended hereto shows the revenues derived by the Depart- ment, as well as the total amount of Departmental expenditures in each of the past two years, viz. 1932 and 1933, as follows: (1) DEPARTMENT n- JRIES No. 10 Revenue Expenditure Surplus Deficit 1932 1933 $613,784.70 571,657.35 $629,176.02 530,722.18 $40,935.17 $15,391.32 It will be noted that there was a considerable decline in the revenue. This decline was not limited to any particular phase of the work, but was of a general nature, the amounts received from practically all sources being reduced^the principal exception being in the amount of fees secured from the sale of gun licenses, which was, of course, a natural result fol- lowing the legislation which made possession of these licenses for hunting purposes a Province-wide condition, instead of being applicable only in the south-western counties. It is not contended that this decrease has occurred because the attraction which our fish and game resources afford has dimin- ished, but the condition may rather be attributed to the unfavourable economic conditions which prevailed and which undoubtedly had the effect of discouraging individual expenditures which could be avoided in the search for recreation. The practice of rigid economy and the curtailment of expenditures to an absolute minimum made it possible, however, for the Department to show a surplus of revenue over expenditures so far as the annual operations are concerned. Fishing beside the Nipigon River Courtesy, Canadian National Railways 1933 ANNUAL REPORT, 1933 STATISTICS Attention is drawn to the various statistical tables provided as appen- dices to this report, and which tables supply in detail, information regarding the output of the fish hatcheries and rearing stations maintained and operated by the Fish Culture Branch, as well as information as to the designation and location of the various waters which have been re-stocked during the year. There will be found in addition, statistics in respect of the commercial branch of our fisheries, and throughout the report itself are tables having reference to other aspects of Departmental activity, all of which have been carefully assembled and prepared, and those who are interested therein wall find them of considerable interest and value. GAME The numbers of licenses to authorize the hunting of large game animals — deer, moose and bear — as issued during the year, and as compared with similar figures for the two previous years, are as follows: — 1933 Resident Moose 1,135 949 Resident Deer 22,932 19,065 Xon-resident (general) hunting 1,309 997 Reference to the reduction in the numbers of these licenses is made, and again it is the belief of the Department that for the most part the 1 eduction would be attributable to the conditions previously mentioned as being responsible for the general decline which was suffered in the annual revenue collected. From reports which have been submitted by the various District Superintendents, and which have been prepared from information supplied by the field officers in their respective jurisdictions, the following is provided as a summary of conditions existing throughout the year as they have applied to our game — both animals and birds: — Deer. — While conditions remain about the same with possibly some slight improvement in those sections in which there is the greatest con- centration of hunters, in the north where such intensive hunting does not exist a noticeable increase in the numbers of these animals is reported. Moose. — Conditions as they have existed in more recent years continue to apply, and may be described as being but fairly good. Caribou. — Whatever improvements has been noted is local and not general, and nothing to warrant any change in the regulations which exist to provide complete protection for this species. DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 10 £lk (Wapiti) Herd, Industrial Farm, Burwash, Ontario Elk {Wapiti). — Continuing the experiment commenced in 1932, arrange- ments were completed and shipment to the Province from Wainwright, Alberta, was made during the year of six carloads of these animals, some of which have been placed at Burwash on the lands of the Industrial Farm at that point — some on the Chapleau Crown Game Preserve — and the re- mainder on the recently created Nipigon-Onaman Crown Game Preserve, lying east of Lake Nipigon. It is expected that the placing of these animals within protected areas will encourage the permanent establishment of this species within the Province and thus add to the attractions which existing species of large game animals already provide Rtiffed Grouse {Partridge). — It was possible during the year to again provide an open season for the taking of these birds, and while some dimin- ution in the numbers of these birds is evident, the reduction is not any greater than could be expected in view of the extensive hunting during the season. Sharp-tailed Grouse {Prairie Chicken). — The open season for the taking of partridge also applied to this species. The existence of these birds, generally speaking, is confined to the extreme northern and northwestern areas, in which sections their numbers are reported to be plentiful. Ptarmigan.- — These birds exist in numbers only in the far north and northwest, where conditions are reported to be favourable. Quail. — Existence of this species is limited to the southwestern counties, where their numbers are reported to be increasing. Ducks. — This species of game bird continues to provide good sport during the season, and while they are perhaps not so numerous as they were in bygone years, so far as our reports go, conditions as they affect these birds are possibly somewhat improved over those which have existed in more recent years. Plover and Snipe. — No improvement has been observed and these birds continue to be very scarce throughout the Province. 1934 ANNUAL REPORT, 1933 5 Pheasants (Ring-necked). — The work of propagation of these birds in connection with re-stocking operations conducted by the Department was continued at the Codrington Bird Farm. During the year eleven hundred and eight settings of fifteen eggs each were distributed to applicants through- out the Province, principally in the southern counties, while a total of eighteen hundred and forty-seven live birds were liberated in suitable locations. At the present time the pheasant is to be found in increasing numbers and in a wider distribution in the most southerly counties abutting Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and the River St. Lawrence, and in the counties farther north in the southwestern section. The ability with which this bird has adapted itself to conditions in these areas has been a source of gratifi- cation, and the possibilities which are to be afforded as a result of its establishment are being recognized more and more. The co-operation which has been rendered in this work by the interested landowner and the assist- ance which has been forthcoming are worthy of our appreciation as without this co-operation and assistance the establishment of this species would have presented a more difficult problem. The results obtained from experi- mental shipments of eggs to sections of the north would indicate that exist- ing climatic conditions will prove a handicap sufficient to definitely limit our endeavours along these lines in that section. Favourable conditions were responsible for the provision of an open season, limited as to period and area in which it was effective. Hungarian Partridge. — Operations as to the establishment of this bird will differ from those which apply to the ring-necked pheasant. The Hungarian partridge does not lend itself to establishment through the medium of egg distribution, but should rather be hatched, raised to ma- turity, and liberated in areas where suitable environment is available. The work of raising these birds is carried on at the Normandale Bird Farm, and during the year we distributed nine hundred and ten such birds in various sections of the Province. This species is more adaptable to our general weather conditions than is the pheasant, with the result that distribution has been undertaken in Northern Ontario, as well as in the southern sec- tion. The reports from areas where these birds have been stocked are to the effect that their numbers have increased following the distribution. Rabbits. — In Southern Ontario it would appear that there has been a reduction in the number of the snowshoe rabbit, and conditions are not as favourable as they have been in more recent years; conditions as they apply to the cotton-tail rabbit remain about the same, with possibly some evidence of decrease in the eastern section; the jack-rabbit found in the south- western section is reported to be reduced in numbers. Reports from the northern portion of the Province indicate improvement and some increase in numbers. FURS The following is a summary of conditions as they apply to fur-bearing animals throughout the Province as they have been reported to the Depart- ment. Bear. — Conditions about the same with possible increase in numbers to be found in some outlying sections. Beaver. — Decline in annual catch continues. Slight improvement observed in area south of the mal i transcontinental line of the Canadian National Railway in which entire clo^e season prevails. Fisher. — General conditions arc nq*" favourable and their numbers appear to be scarce and possibly diminishii, g. Annual catch small. DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 10 Silver Fox Fox. — Conditions vary in different sections. Reported to be found in reduced numbers in central and western sections of Southern Ontario, while some improvement has been observed in the eastern section. In the eastern and northwestern sections of Northern Ontario they appear to be plentiful, while they are scarce in the central and southwestern section of the north. Lynx. — These animals are extremely scarce in all sections, though during the year there was some improvement in the numbers which weie taken. Marten. — As in the case of lynx and fisher, these animals are rapidly getting very scarce, and but few are taken annually. Mink. — Some improvement noted throughout the Province and which is more evident in the north. Annual catch again shows an increase. Muskrat. — Conditions remain about the same in the south, with possible decline in numbers. In the north, improved conditions and increased numbers are in evidence. Otter. — Generally speaking, conditions remained about the same as they have existed in more recent years. These animals are scarce, though some increase in numbers is reported from the eastern portion of Northern Ontario. Raccoon. — Conditions remained about the same. Catch practically stationary. Skunk. — These animals are apparently quite plentiful, particularly in the south. Annual catch was about average. Weasel. — Conditions remained about the same, though there was reported increase in numbers in some sections. Catch about average. A study of the existing condition's as they apply to our fur-bearing animals, as set forth in the report'- which have been received, would indi- cate that present regulations w^ ich apply to provide the protection of annual close seasons during whim the trapping of the moie desirable species 1934 ANNUAL REPORT, 1933 of fur-bearing animals is prohibited are justified, and that these provisions must be continued and general observance of the same secured if we are to conserve our fur resources, for the future benefit of the trapping and fur industry. The following comparative table lists the pelts of fur-bearing animals, other than those which were raised upon licensed fur farms, on which royalty was paid in the years 1931, 1932 and 1933. 1931 1932 1933 Bear Beaver Fisher Fox (Cross) Fox (red) Fox (silver or black) Fox (white) Fox (not specified) Lynx Marten Mink Muskrat Otter Raccoon Skunk Weasel Wolverine 883 705 556 15,304 13,230 10.799 1,544 1,258 1,203 799 1,177 1,495 8.441 9,564 9,198 97 121 132 620 562 82 107 113 111 799 1,088 1,400 1,191 1,264 1,376 34,271 48,234 52.795 723,525 640,390 637,348 2,998 3,330 3.264 10,871 12.640 12,109 55,734 82,917 67,797 74,295 113,421 92,036 9 3 3 931,282 930.017 891,704 Statistics compiled by the Department from information supplied in this connection indicate that the trappers responsible for the taking of these pelts during 1933 received some $1,566,055.40 from the sale thereof. In addition to the foregoing licensed fur farmers disposed of the pelts, of 16,296 silver or black foxes raised on their ranches and upon which royalty is not payable. Of these pelts, 13,595 were exported from the Province, while the remainder, 2,701, were dressed in Ontario. It is estimated that the value of these silver and black fox pelts to the fur farmers responsible for the production of the same was $570,360.00. FUR FARMING While this branch of industry is practically only of recent origin, so far as this Province is concerned, its development has been along sound and established lines, and there is every indication that the experience which has thus far been gained has been responsible for the general adoption of practices resulting in the provision of a degree of security which should expand with the advancing years and the additional knowledge which will be acquired by those who have become engaged in this work, and which should inure to the benefit of the industry as a whole. The work under- taken at our Experimental P^'ur Farm at Kirkfield is an interesting phase of Departmental activity, and the advice and assistance which is available at this institution is appreciated by licensed fur farmers when they are con- fronted with situations and problems which they find it difficult to combat. An outline of the work undertaken during the year at this institution will be found further on in this report, as will be articles descriptive of "Nutri- tional Anaemia in Mink", and "Fleas and Anaemia in Foxes", prepared by Drs. R. G. Law and A. H. Kennedy, of the Experimental Vuv Farm staff, which appeared in various periodicals, and which received very favourable comment from those in a position to express an undisputable opinion. 8 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 10 Fur Farmer's Licenses issued during the past three years are as follows: 1931 1932 1933 1,609 1,505 1,291 The following table shows the numbers of the various species of fur- bearing animals reported to be stocked on licensed fur farms as at December 31st in each of the three years, 1931, 1932 and 1933: Animals Stocked on Licensed Fur Farms as at December 31st 1931 1932 1933 Beaver Fisher Fox (cross) Fox (red) Fox (silver black). Fox (blue) Lynx Mink Muskrat Raccoon Skunk Bear Marten Badger 58 44 60 74 50 18 582 559 443 562 448 360 17,414 15,938 16,826 42 13 10 4 9 2 7,198 6.170 6,190 1,359 511 499 1,486 1,202 989 12 10 2 25 16 14 40 37 22 6 4 0 CROWN GAME PRESERVES The first action to establish Crown Game Preserves in accordance with provisions of the Game and Fisheries Act was provided in the year 1917. In every year since then the area thus set aside as sanctuary in which the more desirable species of game could exist unmolested and undisturbed has been extended by the creation of additional Game Preserves. During 1933, such action was taken in respect of nine areas of varying extent in scattered sections of the Province, involving some 2,063,000 acres, a large percentage of which was contained within the Nipigon-Onaman, Lake of the Woods and Pipestone Lake Crown Game Preserves. Provision was also made to ex- tend the boundaries of the Abbey Dawn Crown Game Preserve in the County of Frontenac. At the present time there is in excess of five and three-quarter million acres included within the confines of the existing sixty-nine Crown Game Preserves. Following is information concerning the Preserves established during the year. Name County or District Extent in acres Town of Oakville Halton Dundas Peterborough Halton Muskoka Thunder Bay 960 Barkley County of Peterborough 640 55,040 Norval Florence and Wellesley Islands 150 180 Nipigon-Onaman 1,600,000 Lake of the Woods Pipestone Lake Kenora Kenora-Rainy River Waterloo 262,400 140,800 Paradise 2,500 1934 ANNUAL REPORT, 1933 9 It is anticipated that the three Game Preserves established in the north country will be valuable additions to the existing system, especially insofar as the Nipigon-Onaman Game Preserve is concerned. This Game Preserve has well-defined boundaries, is exceptionally favourable territory, and it is exceeded in extent only by the Chapleau Game Preserve in the Algoma and Sudbury Districts. Reports from our field officers are to the effect that these Crown Game Preserves are doing well, and that wild life therein is on the increase. The continued expansion of this work, especially insofar as it involves privately- owned lands, indicates a growing realization of the benefits which are to be derived therefrom. WOLF BOUNTIES During 1933, the Department received applications and paid bounties in respect of 2,384 wolves, a reduction of 488 as compared with figures for the previous year. Following is a comparative statement of wolf pelts presented and on which bounties were paid during the past three years. Timber Brush Pups Total Bounties For fiscal year ending October 31, 1931 For fiscal year ending October 31, 1932 For fiscal year ending October 31, 1933 1,376 1,413 1,112 1,336 1,413 1,229 39 46 43 2,751 2,872 2,384 $55,873.80 68,481.35 53,433.88 Trapping of wolves is a remunerative branch of the trapping industry, though some decrease in the existing numbers of these animals is reported by members of our field staff, which statement is based upon personal observation by those responsible for the report. ENFORCEMENT OF THE ACT The work of enforcement and the matter of providing action to secure observance of provisions of the Game and Fisheries Act, never at any time devoid of its difficulties, has, during a period when abnormal and unfortun- ate conditions have been prevalent been carried out by members of the field service in a manner generally satisfactory to the Department. The overseers under the jurisdiction of their respective District Superintendents have been diligent and painstaking in the performance of these particular duties, and while of course, it has not been possible to eliminate all viola- tions, the work of enforcement which has been in evidence has been respon- sible for securing a degree of observance of our legislative regulations worthy of a measure of commendation. This work in connection with enforcement has been augmented by the services supplied voluntarily by Deputy Game and Fishery Wardens, of whom there were 573 during 1933. A considerable number of these ap- pointees are members of various Fish and Game Protective Associations, and as such naturally are interested in assisting to check violations as well as in advising in the matter of provisions of Game and Fisheries Regulation and warning those who might have a desire to off"end. The co-operation thus provided is appreciated by those responsible for the administration of the legislation provided for the wild life resources of the Province. There were 806 cases in which offenders were apprehended and charged with violations of the provisions of our Act and Regulations, and in which 10 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 10 1934 ANNUAL REPORT, 1933 11 convictions were secured. Fines and costs assessed and collected in these cases are as contained in the statement of revenue previously submitted in this report. In all, there was a total of 1,240 cases in which seizure of goods and equipment was involved, and the following is a summary of the articles thus placed under seizure: — Pelts 1,936 Boats- Deer and Moose Hides 15 Gasoline 8 Live Animals and Birds 56 Row 25 Fish fibs.) 7,200 Canoes 4 Fish (nos.) 1,747 Punts 13 Gill Nets (pes) 314 Motorcars 11 Gill Nets (yds) 15,275 Jack-lights and Lanterns 26 Dip Nets 43 Deer and Moose 27 Hoop Nets 45 Venison (lbs.) 652 Seine Nets 10 Moose-meat (lbs.) 986 Trap Nets 6 Partridges 1,333 Hooks 1,621 Geese and Ducks 46 Spears 56 Pheasants 47 Rods and Lines 167 Decoys 48 Creels 3 Ammunition — Tackle Boxes 12 Rounds 271 Traps ■. 720 Rabbits 14 Fire-arms 362 jMiscellaneous 93 In accordance with the usual practice, these confiscated articles, except those which were sold to their original owners, were disposed of by tender at public sales, notice of which was advertised in the press. The amount derived from these sales is shown in the statement of revenue at the begin- ning of this Report. REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL FUR FARM During the year, several problems of direct economic importance to fur farmers were investigated. It is rapidly being recognized that mink are susceptible to a group of diet deficiency diseases and that these diseases are one of the main obstacles to successful mink ranching. The entire subject of mink nutrition still remains a subject requiring careful and thorough investigation based upon scientific experimentation. Following a similar trend which was very apparent in the earlier days of the silver fox industry, mink ranchers have been loath to acknowledge that diseases do exist in mink, but with the sale of breeding stock declining to a great extent and the pelt becoming the main source of revenue, the demand for information regarding diseases has increased within the last two years to a very marked degree. In view of the situation, considerable time was taken up with the in- vestigation of the condition which has been erroneously described as acidosis, but as no satisfactory or reliable data was available, this disease was investigated in all its phases by experimental and field studies. The investigation conclusively proved that anaemia is the underlying factor and that a great destruction of the led blood cells and lowering of the haemoglobin takes place. A paper dealing with the nature and the prevention of the disease was published during the year. Other investigations concerning the nutrition of mink will be carried out and a small building which will enable such observations to be made readily and correctly is in the process of construction. 12 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 10 Possibly there is no more serious loss to fox ranchers than the annual mortality which takes place in young pups, either prematurely born or from one to ten days of age. Up to the present time no satisfactory ex- planation has been given for these losses. Experimental studies were com- menced in an effort to secure more information on the subject. So far, it has been determined that many young fox pups which die or are pre- maturely born are heavily infested with the larvae of the round worm. {Toxocaris cams) and that these larvae are responsible for a severe pneu- monia, but which is not obvious upon post mortem examination. When the infected lung is stained, sectioned and examined microscopically the condition is quite apparent. It is considered that the larvae pass from the pregnant female to the pups while they are still in utero and it is hoped that further studies during the whelping season when material will be available foi examination and also experimental animals that some satisfactory conclusions will be reached which will make it possible to put into effect efficient control methods. Parasitism still remains one of the major problems in foxes. It was found during the summer that even such a common and prevalent parasite as the flea was responsible for a severe anaemia which if not checked, would have resulted in the death of the infected animals. These findings were consequently published. As little or nothing is known regarding the phenomenon of hibernation, the subject is receiving attention in the hope that some interesting and instructive data will be compiled. Routine duties, such as correspondence, autopsy examinations and interviews with fur farmers all show a decided increase over previous years and take up a considerable portion of time each day for the two members of the technical staff. A successful year was experienced in raising foxes, mink, raccoon and beaver, but no successful results have, as yet, been obtained with fisher and marten. Both of these animals constitute a baffling breeding problem, especially when it is considered that they take readily to captivity and at all times appear to be active and in the best of health and condition. A number of foxes and raccoon were released from the Fur Farm to the Chapleau and Nipigon Crown Game Preserves and returned to their natural surroundings where it is hoped that they will become established and a future source of fur-bearing animals in these districts. Articles of interest to fur farmers engaged in the raising of mink and foxes w^ere prepared by Drs. R. G. Law and A. H. Kennedy of the Ex- perimental Fur Farm staff and published during the year, and in view of the value of the information contained therein, they are included herewith as a portion of this report. NUTRITIONAL ANAEMIA IN MINK By Ronald G. Law and Arnold H. Kennedy Among the diseases of mink, which have come to our attention during the past few years, anaemia appeared to be more commonly met with than any other. The symptoms appear to have been recognized under the somewhat loose and ambiguous terms of acidosis and sheath trouble, but the true nature of the disease does not appear to have been established. The term 1934 ANNUAL REPORT, 1933 13 "sheath trouble" is descriptive of one of the common symptoms of anaemia in the advanced stages of the disease, but a degree of anaemia may exist without sheath trouble being apparent and the term is not applicable to the female. For these reasons the term is not satisfactory as applied to the disease in question, as it does not give any clue to the true ilature of the condition. The term acidosis is also open to criticism. Authorities on the subject are in no way agreed upon its real significance. Acidosis is not a disease in itself but is a complication which may exist in conjunc- tion with a wide variety of diseases. Therefore, the use of the term in describing a definite and established disease in mink is not justified and should be dropped from the literature. SYMPTOMS A decline in the general welfare of the mink is the first noticeable symptom The fur becomes brittle, harsh and dry and lacks lustre, colour and sheen of the adequately fed animal. In the regions of the neck and tail the fur has a moth eaten appearance and is also open and short over the back. A decline in weight takes place as the disease progresses. Due to the constant dribbling of urine the sheath becomes wet, the abdomen bare of fur, and the skin inflamed. In advanced cases the penis protrudes and the sheath is swollen and tumour like. The eyes lose their bright beady appearance and become somewhat sunken in the head. A^- the disease progresses the mucous membranes, including the lining of the mouth and eye become pale. The tongue has a blanched appearance and the foot pads are conspicuously white and bloodless. Shortly before death the mink may commence a nervous weaving movement with his head and body, the appetite fails and he becomes dull and sleepy. In these later stages the eye has a squinted look. Twitching of the legs accompanied with convulsions and gasping for breath is manifest. Finally the animal dies in a comatose condition. CAUSES AND PREVENTION In studies carried out at the Ontario Government Experimental Fur Farm it was found that the disease could be produced experimentally with regularity and certainty and that the symptoms and pathology were identical with the condition as it prevails on mink ranches. The outstand- ing feature from the pathologist's point of view is the presence of normo- blast cells, and the irregularity in size of the red blood corpuscles in the blood stream. When found in any number normoblast cells are always indicative of anaemia, particularly the pernicious forms. In mink the red blood counts and hemoglobin may show a reduction as low as fortv per cent, of the normal. A large number of diets, considered adequate from the nutritional standpoint, have been fed on ranches where the condition has appeared from time to time. F'or example, the following rations produced the earlier symptoms of the disease, namely sixty percent, fresh meat, consisting of beef hearts, tripe, and muscle meat, twenty-five percent, cereals, ten percent bone meal, five percent vegetables and small quantities of milk, wheat germ and yeast. A number of similar diets, all of which apparently con- tained a sufficient variety of food staples, did not give entirely satisfactory results. Where fish was substituted for meat, the condition also appeared. It was not until the disease was recognized to be of anaemic origin that measures could be taken to prevent its occurrence. It was found that when small quantities of liver were added to the diet that anaemia did not develop. The curative efi"ect of small quantities of liver in the diet during 14 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 10 the earlier stages of the disease was also noted. The addition of half an ounce of liver to the daily ration of a mink appears to be well within the necessary requirements. In the experiments carried out the symptoms varied in severity accord- ing to the proportion of liver contained in the diet. Consequently, many mink are subjected to a state of nutrition fluctuating between satisfactory and unsatisfactory nutritional requirements. Severe symptoms terminating in death may very seldom be encountered, in some instances the disease going no farther than producing a somewhat dry and lustreless pelt and a slight dribbling of urine in a few young males. Notwithstanding the fact that the quality and denseness of the pelt may be affected to some extent the presence of a tendency to anaemia may not be suspected. Once the disease has reached a severe stage treatment is of no avail, as pathological changes have taken place in the liver, lungs and kidneys which are beyond repair. It is only in the early stages that the addition of liver has a curative effect. DISCUSSION In this paper the underlying cause of the disease and the fact that liver is a preventive and curative in the early stages have been pointed out. There are, however, a number of questions which require further investigation. For example, the proportion of cereal which a young mink can assimilate to advantage may possibly be connected with the proportion of liver in the diet. Young mink are usually fed a ration containing a high percentage of meat and fish and such diets, though not necessarily adequate to offset anaemia, are superior to a high percentage of ceral in the ration. There is a possibility that the addition of liver to a ration containing a high percentage of cereals would supply the deficiencies which exist in these foods. Further investigations will no doubt reveal the most satisfactory combinations of cereals, meat, fish, and liver required for the optimum nutrition of mink. POST MORTEM FINDINGS The carcass is emaciated and upon opening the body cavities the tissues have a decided pallor. The large blood vessels stand out promin- ently. Their walls are thin and flabby and filled with watery, pale blood which does not clot readily. The intestines are thin, white and blanched, containing little or no ingesta. The stomach and intestinal mocosa is usually coated with a rather thick gelatinous exudate. The liver has a mottled appearance varying from a light tawny orange to a dark chocolate brown colour. Small petechial hemorrhages are often present. The lobules may be quite prominent, especially near the borders of the lobes. The spleen is invariably swollen and dark brown to purple in colour. The kidneys are pale and swollen and frequently show light hemorrhagic areas. Th6 heart is dilated and the musculature pale and flabby. The lungs are often edematous and congested. The body lymph glands are enlarged and frequently pale gray in colour. MICROSCOPIC PATHOLOGY The liver, kidney and lungs show the most pronounced pathological changes. The blood vessels in all organs were only partly filled with blood, which stained poorly and was ill-formed. Many of the cells appeared shrunken and broken. The individual cells in most cases stained a pale pink to a yellow colour and a few stained a dark blue. 1934 ANNUAL REPORT, 1933 15 A granular appearance of some of the epithelial cells in the upper por- tion of the villi was the only significant change noted in the gastrointes- tinal tract. Small areas were observed where the cellular structures of the villi were destroyed to some extent. The cells appeared pale and frayed. The villi were often surrounded by mucin. A pronounced and generalized infiltration of the liver cells was evident. In the lesser damaged areas the cells had a granular appearance. In the more extensively damaged areas the cytoplasm showed small, round, clear areas surrounding the nucleus, giving the cell a vacuolated appearance. These vacuolated spaces enlarged, forming one clear space in the cytoplasm mth the nucleus driven to the side of the cell. The capillaries were dilated. The sinusoides contained degenerated and poorly stained red blood cells. Extensive damage took place in the kidney tubules. The cells lining the tubulos were destroyed and lost their identity. The tubules appeared as enlarged clear spaces, surrounded by narrow ring-like bands of tissue. Blue staining deposits and casts were often present in the lumen of the tubules. The lungs were emphysematous with the characteristic structures of the alveoli destroyed. FLEAvS AND ANAEMIA IN FOXES By Ronald G. Law and Arnold H. Kennedy During an investigation carried out at the Ontario Government Ex- perimental Fur Farm, it was found that fleas were responsible for a severe anaemia in foxes. Fleas have always been considered detrimental to the general welfare of the infested animal, but it is doubtful if the majority of ranchers fully realize the actual harm which these pests can do to their foxes. It is generally accepted that fleas irritate the fox and by the scratching which ensues the pelt may be injured to some extent. Furthermore, the flea, on account of its blood-sucking habits, can produce an unthrifty con- dition in the host. The extent of the loss of blood which results from a heavy flea infes- tation has not been determined so far as we are aware by scientific methods. During the investigation referred to, ten fox pups were placed in a covered shed and bedded with sawdust. Apparently the fleas were im- ported with the sawdust, for upon examination these foxes were the only animals on the farm found to be infested. These foxes were fed the standard ration in daily use for breeding stock, which includes beef tripe and beef hearts, liver, fresh ground bone meal, cereals, vegetable matter in the form of lettuce, spinach, and young carrots. A small quantity of yeast and milk is also added to the feed. Simul- taneously with this investigation, eight foxes which had not become in- fested with fleas were undergoing blood examinations, and were fed this diet and remained within the normal range, showing no traces of anaemia. All foxes were examined for the presence of internal parasites, previous to commencing the investigation, and any showing slight infestations were treated, until negative findings were obtained. 16 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 10 Since the diet for both groups of foxes was similar and all intestinal parasites were removed, the possibilities of anaemia arising from either nutritional or parasitic sources was eliminated. THREE-EAY INTERVALS The investigation included counts at three-day intervals of the red and white corpuscles and the hemoglobin. The standard for the normal blood of foxes used throughout the work was that established by Kennedy (1933). Hemoglobin is the term used to express the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood corpuscles and a balance is maintained in the normal fox between the red corpuscles and hemoglobin at constant levels. An increase or decrease in the red corpuscles and hemoglobin may take place in disease and in cases where there is an actual loss of blood, for example in flea infestations, anaemia results. By using the red blood and hemoglobin count, the severity and grade of anaemia produced can be estimated by numerical methods. In the course of the work a sudden and severe anaemia occurred in the ten foxes under observation, which coincided with the appearance of fleas. Until this date the red blood count and hemoglobin were within the normal range for four to five month old foxes. The group averaged from six to seven million red blood corpuscles per cubic millimetre and between sixty and seventy per cent, hemoglobin. DIMINISHING A\'ERAGE With the appearance of fleas the red corpuscles dropped from an aver- age of nearly seven million to an average of four million, while the hemo- globin dropped from an average of 65.3 per cent, to 38.3 per cent. In some cases the anaemia was more pronounced than in others. In one fox the red blood corpuscles dropped from six to two and a half million and the hemoglobin from 63 to 21 per cent. By referring to the tables the exact numerical data can be obtained. These figures clearly indicate that the common fox flea (Ctenocephalus canis) can be a dangerous pest if present in any number. PRONOUNCED REDUCTION The pronounced reduction in red corpuscles and hemoglobin would leave the fox with little or no resistance to such adverse conditions as internal parasites, infectious diseases or tainted food. Unquestionably the growth and development of pups would be seriously affected and if the cause of the trouble were not removed it might lead directly or indirectly to the death of the animal. Following a suitable treatment which rid the foxes completely of all fleas, the red blood corpuscles and hemoglobin immediately commenced to rise. It is interesting to note that the counts reached higher levels than is normal for foxes of this age. Apparently, once the source of the anaemia was removed, the blood system responded very actively in replacing the loss of blood which had occurred. 1934 ANNUAL REPORT, 1933 17 SYMPTOMS Since the fleas are visible to the naked eye and can be seen moving in all directions, especially when the guard fur is parted, a diagnosis is a simple matter. When fleas are particularly plentiful around the head and shoulders the fur in these areas may become thin and very gritty to the touch. The skin tends to become scurfy, red and itritated. If the fox rubs against objects in the pen infected sores may result. Scratching is a prominent symptom if the foxes are not aware that they are being observed. If foxes are aware of the presence of people around the ranch they will often cease scratching. Heavily infested animals may become listless and drawsy, and fall rapidly in weight. Occasionally small, white, red-like objects may be seen lying on the fur. These objects are flea eggs which drop to the ground and if favorable con- ditions are met with they ultimately develop into adult fleas. TREATMENT Treatment must be energetic to be successful. Two main objectives must be kept in view, namely the killing of the adult flea on the fox and the destruction of the immature stages. A number of satisfactory preparations are on the market for this purpose; those containing powdered derris root will be found to be quite affective. Treatment must be repeated at ten day intervals until the last flea is killed. When dusting foxes the entire body should be thoroughly powdered and special attention paid to the head, base of the neck and shoulders. As it is necessary to restrain the fox while applying powder by either holding him around the neck with the hand or tongs, the neck and mane may escape from being thoroughly dusted, but as this area is often heavily infested careful treatment of same is essential. Dipping in solutions of 2 per cent, coal-tar pieparations is also very effective. If this treatment is used, the fox should be thoroughly rinsed in clear water after dipping as it is found that such preparations have a tendency to rust the fur. If the skin presents a scurfy condition they may be corrected by washing the affected parts with a good liquid soap, the soap being thor- oughly washed out. Dipping is not recommended in cold or changeable weather and should be undertaken during the summer and early fall. It is not sufficient to merely kill the adult fleas infesting the body of the fox. It is most essential that the immature stages be destroyed. The immature stage is passed in dirt, grass, bedding materials, kennels, and in fact in any environment which will provide suitable conditions for their development. The kennels and floors of the pens must be thoroughly treated with one of the coal-tar preparations and the treatment repeated within ten days. It is advisable to repeat this treatment at least three times. A saturated solution of common salt is also found to be very effective in destroying the immature stages. All bedding material should be re- moved and burned. 18 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 10 TABLE I. RED BLOOD CORPUSCLE COUNT R.B.C. R.B.C. R.B.C. R.B.C. R.B.C. R.B.C. R.B.C. R.B.C. R.B.C. R.B.C. NO. Jul. 22 Jul. 25 Jul. 29 Aug. 2 Aug. 7 Aug. 11 Aug. 16 Aug. 21 Aug. 26 Sept. 4 1 7,240 6,664 5,744 3,216 3,688 7,128 9,176 9,856 10,576 11,808 2 6,2.56 6,416 5,976 4,936 3,776 6,600 7,592 8,400 11,544 9.912 3 6,752 6,696 7,018 3,560 3,992 5,696 6,680 9,032 9.816 11,656 4 6,024 5,664 5,552 2,600 2,600 5,528 6,984 7,248 9,072 8,912 5 . 7,464 6,.544 3,368 7,224 10.368 11,960 14,400 6 . . 6,736 6,144 3,656 7,048 9,888 12,0t0 10,744 7 6 880 6 720 6,080 3,760 6.024 6,248 7,536 8,816 8 7,504 7,976 7.888 6,296 5,400 5,656 4,264 4,064 4,600 5,560 6,616 6,568 9.784 7.200 11,608 7,848 11,824 8,832 11,248 9 10,768 10 6,640 7,200 5.552 5,768 5,168 6,688 6,992 8,240 8,872 10,296 Total — 69,472 66,232 47,008 28,408 40,168 44,824 74,704 88,736 102,072 108,562 Average 6,947 6,623 5,876 4,058 4,017 6,403 7,470 8,874 10,207 10,856 TABLE II. HEMOGLOBIN PERCENTAGE Haem. Haem. Haem. Haem. Haem. Haem. Haem. Haem. Haem. Haem. NO. % % % % % % % % % % Jul. 22 Jul 25 Jul. 29 Aug. 2 Aug. 7 Aug. 11 Aug. 16 Aug. 21 Aug. 26 Sept. 4 1 72.0 72.0 66.0 38.0 36.0 59.0 69.0 81.0 86.0 90.0 2 67.0 62.0 68.0 63.0 53.0 60.0 62.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 3 60.0 59.0 59.0 35.0 28.0 43.0 63.0 65.0 77.0 97.0 4 63.0 59.0 53.0 22.0 21.0 40.0 55.0 68.0 87.0 93.0 5 64.0 60.0 23.0 47.0 67.0 87.0 99.0 6 66.0 62.0 28.0 50.0 74.0 86.0 91.0 7 70.0 79.0 64.0 38.0 55.0 51.0 68.0 78.0 8 63.0 60.0 55.0 33.0 32.0 46.0 70.0 77.0 86.0 93.0 9 63.0 63.0 62.0 47.0 61.0 74.0 71.0 81.0 85.0 100.0 10 65.0 64.0 72.0 71.0 63.0 71.0 73.0 78.0 86.0 90.0 Total — 653.0 630.0 499.0 309 0 383.0 393.0 615.0 732.0 838.0 831.0 Average 63.3 63.0 62.4 44.1 38.3 56.1 61.5 73.2 83.8 S3.1 REPORT OF THE BIOLOGICAL AND FISH CULTURE BRANCH From 1925 to the present time condiserable progress has been made by the Department along fish cultural lines. During this period we see the formation and growth of a "Biological and Fish Culture Branch", as a component part of the Department, formed for the purpose of unifying science and practice on a proper working basis. We see the rise of trout rearing stations, established for the purpose of rearing fingerling and yearling trout; this part of the Branch's programme has been more than successful and work of this nature is no longer in the experimental stage. We note also the successful culture of black bass in ponds, due mainly to the satisfactory propagation of their forage ; the culture of lake trout fingerlings; the biological survey of waters in advance of stocking to deter- mine their suitability and the practical possibilities of lake and stream improvement; the assignment of all important fisheries' problems to scien- tific inquiry; a drive to develop each hatchery to its maximum capacity with the species of fish most suitable for it; rapid transportation of fish 1934 ANNUAL REPORT, 1933 19 by truck and improvement in the efficiency of planting crews, in order that fish shall be carefully and properly deposited in waters definitely known to be suitable. During the present fiscal year the biological activities of the Branch were confined chiefly to studies in connection with fish cultural operations at the Department's hatcheries and rearing stations. Eighteen hatcheries were operated: four of these were used for the culture of game-fish exclusively; eight performed a dual function, namely for the propagation of both commercial and game fish; and six were used for the culture of commercial fish only. In addition, three major trout rearing stations, three subsidiary trout rearing stations and four rearing locations for small-mouthed black bass were operated during the year. Supplementary to pond culture, bass harvesting operations from three water areas were undertaken. Details of distribution according to species, age, size and quantities are given in the appendices on pages to In the following paragraphs devoted to a discussion of various species of fish cultured, the output for the year is compared with distribution for the previous year. Dorion Trout Rearing Station, Dorion, Ontario Speckled Trout The total distribution of speckled trout of all sizes and ages was increased 42.4 per cent, over that of the previous year. In other words, this is equivalent to an increase of 2,148,925. This increase was due mainly to the successful operation of our major and sul)sidiary trout rearing stations. Emphasis is placed on the culture and distribution of fingerlings and larger fish. Brown Trout Brown trout have been distributed during recent years in rivers and streams which previously contained speckled trout, but which no longer support any appreciable quantity of the species, with the exception probably 20 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 10 of small portions of the headwaters. They have also been planted in lake trout lakes with and without tributary spring creeks. Reports indicate that the distributions of brown trout in Muskoka waters are beginning to show promising results. In the Muskoka lakes watershed care has been taken to avoid planting "browns" in waters where native speckled trout abound and where conditions are suitable for them. Rainbow Trout Distribution of rainbow trout was confined largely to the waters of Lake Simcoe and its tributaries in an effort to establish the species. It is too early to make a definite pronouncement regarding the establishment of this species in the waters in which they have been distributed during the past few years, but by means of follow-up studies by further biological surveys, definite information in this respect may be obtained. The officials of the Branch are of the opinion that the heavy northern streams tributary to large bodies of water are apparently the most suitable planting locations, on account of the success achieved, by their original introduction to the St. Mary's river, from which they have spread along the north shore of lake Superior and penetrated the lower reaches of streams adjacent thereto. On account of the migratory habits of the species, streams having natrual or artificial barriers are considered detrimental, either to theii permanent establishment or to their return for spawning purposes to the streams in which they were originally planted. vStreams having unimpeded connection with larger portions of the same stream or larger bodies of water are preferable for planting purposes. As a result of proper study and research, a race may be found in nature with depressed migratory habits, such a race abiding more per- manently in suitable rivers and streams by choice rather than necessity. This race would form the basis for additional pond cultural operations. Lake Trout Satisfactory progress was made during the year in connection with the hatchery production and distribution of lake trout eyed eggs, fry and fingerlings; 1,153,900 more lake trout fry and fingerlings were planted in 1933 than in the previous year. Distribution to the Great Lakes amounted to 16,257,500 fry and fingerlings, to other commercially fished waters 300,000 fingerlings and to game-fish waters 855,200 fingeilings. A drive to increase the quantities of fingerlings planted in inland waters has met with success and will be pushed as far as economic conditions will permit. The lake trout is not only sought after by anglers, but is also an important commercial commodity of the Great Lakes. In lake Superior, lake Huron and the Georgian Bay, the total annual production recently was over 3,500,000 pounds and in each of these waters the commercial production of the species exceeds that of the commercially important whitefish. vStudies made by the Branch in connection with the planting of lake trout indicate the best depths and general limnological conditions suitable for planting. These planting methods, if carefully followed, should yield fruitful results. Whitefish The whitefish is a commercial commodity of outstanding importance and of predominant importance from the standpoint of production in the Great Lakes, especially Georgian Bay and lake Erie. 1934 ANNUAL REPORT, 1933 21 Trout Pond, Dorion Trout Rearing Station, Dorion, Ontario Distribution of hatchery reared fry to suitable waters by certain pre- scribed planting methods should assist in maintaining the supply. The quantity distributed during the year exceeded the previous year's output by over 143.000,000 fry; this total distribution was only exceeded during the years 1924, 1927 and 1929. Lake Herring Our collection of lake herring eggs depends to a large extent on the assistance of commercial fishermen operating in the fall when the species in question is spawning. Since the lake herring spawns late in November and early December, weather conditions often upset the best organized plan for a large collection. This was the chief reason for the reduced collection and distribution in 1933. Yellow Pickerel (Pike-Perch or Dore) Pickerel spawn was collected by licensed commercial fishermen at the lower end of lake Huron, in the vicinity of Sarnia. No other pickerel stations were operated during the year. Small-Mouthed Black Bass The pond culture of small-mouthed l^lack bass fry and fingerlings in the Mount Pleasant bass ponds continued successfully. In addition, 2,600, five to eight inch small-mouthed black bass were harvested from Pigeon lake, in Haliburton county, and distributed to suitable neighbouring waters. 22 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 10 ■** «t jj- ■ *^t-,4r^i,«^k«% Interior of an Ontario Government Commercial Fish Hatchery Six hundred and eighty-eight yearling and adult small-mouthed black bass were harvested from the waters of Bass lake, Thunder Bay district, and were distributed to lakes on St. Ignace Island, after a biological survey of these waters was concluded and reported upon. There is a tremendous call for more and more black bass for our inland waters and probably the reason for this is that this species has a greater appeal to the non-resident fishermen than any other. Our rearing ponds and hatcheries are doing good work, but considering the vast extent of Ontario's bass waters and the enormous fishing population, both resident and non-resident, we can never hope to produce an adequate number of this species by pond culture to supply the ever increasing demand. Imposition of safe closed seasons to protect the bass during their spawning seasons in all parts of the Province, sane creel limits, prohibition of bass fishing in suitable sections of lakes to be known as reserved or sanctuary areas, the control of noxious species and pollution are of vital importance in main- taining good bass fishing and in making large water areas self-sustaining. It is true that the maintenance of bass in heavily fished and smaller water areas can be assisted to a large extent by pond cultural and planting methods of a practical nature. Gratifying reports regarding the results apparent from the distribution of hatchery products have been received and continue to accumulate, and a growing interest in this work is everywhere apparent. Individuals, local organizations, boards of trade, angling and protective associations and service clubs have assisted in many ways, and particularly regarding provi- sion for transportation of fish in local areas. 1934 ANNUAL REPORT, 1933 23 Public and Private Fishing Rights in Inland Waters The conflicting issue of public and private fishing rights in inland waters, chiefly along streams located in more populated areas, was for some time more or less acute. In order to overcome difficulties of this nature, the Department now requires the signatures of all the landowners affected to a clause on the application form by which they consent to allow public fishing for a least five years after Government re-stocking. New Hatchery vSites for Small-Mouthed Black Bass Culture White lake, in Frontenac county, was set aside as a propagatory centre for small-mouthed black bass and offers many possibilities as an admirable site for the development of nursery ponds. Two large ponds weie constructed on the grounds of the Government Reformatory at Guelph and should prove useful as a source of supply for suitable quantities of the species from time to time. A New Hatchery Site for Pickerel and Whitefish Before fall spawntaking operatings were commenced a commercial fish hatchery, having a capacity for handling 75,000,000 whitefish eggs was ready for operation at Little Current, Manitoulin Island. This will be the means of supplying the wateis of the North Channel and north and north- easterly sections of the Georgian Bay with a satisfactory supply of white- fish fry annually and will, therefore, supplement the work of nature in maintaining the important whitefish fisheries in those areas. In the spring of the year the hatchery may be used for the propagation of pickerel fry for distribution to suitable parts of the North Channel and Georgian Bay. Culture of Land-Locked Salmon and Kamloops Trout At the present time arrangements are being made to experiment in a very definite way with the introduction of Kamloops trout and the St. John salmon or ouananiche to provincial waters. The Kamloops trout inhabits a number of lakes in British Columbia and is considered one of the most popular game fishes. It is an interesting fish of large size, slender in form and graceful in appearance and movement. Unlike the steel-head, to which it is closely related, it does not descend to the sea, but remains permanently in fresh water. The ouananiche, a relative of the Atlantic salmon, is best known as an inhabitant of lake St. John in the Province of Quebec. It seldom descends to the sea, remaining in fresh water by choice rather than necessity. As a game fish some think it has no equal. In certain localities it will take the fly at any time, but it is reported that fishing is best late in May, when baits of various kinds may be used successfully. Removal of Noxious Species While the decrease or elimination of predatory and competitor fishes is not undertaken as regular hatchery work during the past few years, available hatchery officers and enforcement officers have given some time to operations of this nature. Continuing the valuable work of previous years, steps were taken to remove and properly dispose of quantities of ling from lower Rideau, Otter and Otty lakes, located in Lanark and Leeds counties. 24 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 10 During the period, December 28, 1932, to February 6, 1933, hoop nets and trap nets were set in suitable areas where ling were known to be running in large numbers. As a result, our hatchery and field ofiicers, assisted by members of the Smiths' Falls Game and Fish Protective Associ- ation, succeeded in removing 2,870 ling from Otty lake, 700 from Otter lake and 2,522 from the lower Rideau. On an average, the ling taken weighed four pounds, so that the total weight of ling removed from these waters was in the neighbourhood of twelve tons. Removal of quantities of rock bass, suckers, perch, pike and ling from White lake, in Frontenac count}^ was carried out and an adequate supply of golden shiners will be introduced as suitable substitutive forage species for black bass. By such means competition among the black bass and the species aforenamed will be considerably reduced, and as a result the produc- tivity of the lake for bass will be increased to its maximum capacity. CLOSED WATERS The following waters were closed to all fishing during the year: White Lake — Lots 15, 17, 18, 19, Concessions VII, Vlll, IX, in the township of Olden, county of Frontenac. Indefinite closure. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In conclusion, I desire to publicly express my appreciation of the assistance and support which has been rendered to the Department through- out the year. The members of the staff of both the inside and outside branches of the Service have performed any and all duties allotted to them in a faithful and zealous manner, and at all times there has been evident a spirit of loyal co-operation in the performance of the work of the Department. Our work has been made more pleasant by reason of the assistance and co-operation supplied by the transportation companies and the various Fish and Game Protective Associations throughout the province, the officers and members of which latter organizations having at all times worked in conjunction with the Department and its various officers in an earnest endeavour to secure proper observance of the provisions of The Ontario Game and Fisheries Act. All of which is respectfully submitted. I am, Sir, Your obedient servant, D. McDonald, Deputy Minister of Game and Fisheries. 1934 ANNUAL REPORT, 1933 25 APPENDIX No. 1 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1933. SMALL-MOUTHED BLACK BASS Fry Brant: Oakland's Creek 2,000 Bruce : Chesley Lake 5,000 Gould Lake 5,000 Purvis Lake 2,000 Sauble River 5,000 Silver Lake 5,000 Frontenac : "WTiite Lake 5,000 Haliburton : Beach Lake.. 5,000 Bobs Lake 5,000 Deer Lake 5,000 Kushog Lake 5,000 Soyer Lake 5,000 Gull Lake 5,000 Gull River 10,000 Horseshoe Lake 10,000 Long Lake 5,000 Loon, or Big Mink Lake 5,000 East Moore's Lake 5,000 Hastings: Beaver Creek 5,000 Crow Lake 5,000 Moira Lake 5,000 Leeds : Rideau Lake 20,000 Sand Lake 5,000 UTiitefish Lake 5,000 Muskoka : Aithons Lake 5,000 Buck Lake (Ryde) 5,000 Clearwater Lake 5,000 Deer Lake 5,000 Dickies Lake 5,000 Fairy Lake 10,000 Fifteen Mile or Angle Lake 5,000 Fleming Lake 5,000 Green Lake 5,000 Heck's Lake 5,000 Koshee Lake 5,000 Leonard Lake 5,000 Lower Twin Lake 5,000 Poverty Lake 5,000 Riley's Lake 5,000 Three Mile Lake 5,000 Northumberland : Anderson's Landing 5,000 Crow Bay 10,000 Healey Falls 10,000 Trent River 10,000 Ontario : Frenchman's Bay 10,000 Lake St, John 5,000 Parry Sound: Ahmic Lake 5,000 Bain Lake 5,000 Bear Lake 5,000 Beaver Creek 5,000 Brophy Lake 5,000 Cat, or Finger Lake 1,000 Commanda Lake 5,000 Island Lake 5,000 Jack's Lake 5,000 Kashabagamog Lake 5,000 Little Clam Lake 5,000 Little Deer Lake 5,000 Otter Lake 5,000 Pickerel Lake 5,000 Powell's Lake 5,000 Shawanaga Lake 5,000 Peterboro : Belmont Lake 5,000 Clear Lake 5,000 Prince Edward : Consecon Lake 5,000 East Lake 5,000 West Lake 5,000 Simcoe : Bass Lake 5,000 Lake Couchicing 10,000 Severn River 30,000 Stormont: Bergin Lake 5,000 Victoria : Balsam Lake 25,000 Cameron Lake 10,000 Dalrymple Lake 5,000 Shadow Lake 5,000 Sturgeon Lake 10,000 Waterloo : Grand River 5,000 Speed River 5,000 Wellington : Prison Farm Creek 50,000 Puslinch Lake 5,000 545,000 FiNGERLINGS Addington: Bass Lake Beaver Lake S. Beaver Lake Varty Lake White Lake 500 I 500 i^ 500 ( 600 \ ,0.J 26 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 10 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 193S— Continued. SMALL MOUTHED BLACK BASS— Continued Frontenac : Bobs Lake 500 Cross, or Crotch Lake 500 Crow Lake 500 Devil Lake 500 Fifth Depot Lake 500 Green Lake 500 Gull Lake 500 Long Lake 500 Sharbot Lake 500 Parry Sound: Blackstone Lake 5,000 Crane Lake 5,000 Crooked Lake 500 Star Lake 500 Wellington : Prison Farm Creek 7,750 Yearlings and Adults Durham : Rice Lake Haliburton : Denna Lake Devil Lake Paudash Lake Kent: Lake St. Clair Peterboro : Beaver Lake Belmont Lake Buckhorn Lake Chemong Lake Clear Lake Eel's Lake Indian River Jack's Lake Lovesick Lake Pencil Lake Round Lake Stoney Lake Tongamong Lake White Lake Simcoe : Little Lake (Tay) Thunder Bay: Bass Lake Lake Frances Lake Helen No. 5 Loon Lake MacTier, or McEachan's Lake Seymour Lake Wentworth Lake Victoria : Balsam Lake Cameron Lake Sturgeon Lake Miscellaneous: For experimental purposes 25,750 100 100 100 100 178 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 500 100 100 100 88 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 LARGE-MOUTHED BLACK BASS FiNGERLINGS Leeds : Delta Lake 56 Higley Lake 150 Killenbeck Lake 150 Long Lake 100 Otter Lake 100 Rideau Lake 100 Singleton Lake 100 Whitefish Lake 100 3,471 BROWN TROUT FiNGERLINGS Brant: Whiteman's Creek Bruce : Belmore Creek Formosa Spring Creek Elgin : Otter Creek Frontenac : Big Clear Lake Wolf, or West Rideau Lake Haliburton : Bear Lake Crooked, or Haliburton Lake.. Drag Lake Horn Lake Lipsey Lake Twelve Mile Lake Muskoka : Beaver Creek Brandy, or Sucker Creek Hoc Roc River Muskoka Lake Muskoka River Prospect Creek Sage Creek Shadow River Sharp's Creek Skeleton River Rosseau River Norfolk: Big Creek Kent Creek Peel: Humber River Perth: Stratford Reservoir Peterboro : Catchacooma Lake Eagle Lake Oak Lake Waterloo : Grand River 856 5,000 1,000 2,000 5,000 35,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 25,000 25,000 50,000 10,000 25,000 20,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 25,000 25,000 15,000 15,000 1934 ANNUAL REPORT, 1933 27 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, \m^— Continued. BROWN TROUT— Continued Miscellaneous : For experimental purposes., 16 Yearlings Durham : Ganaraska River RAINBOW TROUT FiNGERLINGS Parry Sound: Semi-Koka Creek Simcoe : Stoney Creek Sturgeon River York: Lake Simcoe. Miscellaneous : For exprimental purposes SPECKLED TROUT Eyed Eggs Hatchery — Wisconsin State (Exchange) Experimental purposes 483,016 674 483,690 1,000 8,000 4,000 14,000 16 27,016 500,000 6,000 506,000 Fry Haliburton: Bear Lake (Livingtson) 10,000 Fletcher Lake 15,000 Kimball Lake 10,000 Otter Lake 10,000 Round Lake 10,000 Muskoka : Lake of Bays 550,000 Monahan Lake 5,000 Muskoka River 75,000 Skeleton Lake 40,000 FiNGERLINGS Addington : Simpgpn Lake Tontiawanta Creek Algoma: Achigan Lake Agawa River Alva Lake Anjigami Creek Batchewana River Black Creek Blue Lake Boundary Lake Boyles Creek Bridgland, or Little Thessalon River 725,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 25,000 5,000 5,000 50,000 10,000 5,000 15,000 15,000 25,000 Burnt Island Lake 15,000 Burroughes Lake 15,000 Caldwell's Lake 5,000 Cannon Creek 10,000 Chippewa River 50,000 Clear Lake 15,000 Coldwater Creek 1,600 Dunn's Creek 5,000 Emerald Lake 20,000 Goulais River 45,000 Gravel River 15,000 Green Lake 15,000 Hackle, or Vankoughnet Lake 5,000 Harmony River 15,000 Hawk Lake 5,000 Haynes Lake 5,000 Heyden Lake 25,000 Hobon Lake 15,000 Horseshoe Lake 5,000 Hubert Lake 10,000 Iron River 15,000 Island Lake (No. 176 Twp) 15,000 Island Lake (Aberdeen Twp.) .. 15,000 Jackfish Lake 25,000 Kelly's Creek 5,000 Kendogami River 15,000 Limberlost Lake 2,500 Loon Lake (24-R-13) 15,000 Loon Lake (Kirkwood) 15,000 Loonskin Lake 15,000 Mashagami Lake 15,000 Michipicoten River 25,000 Mile No. 58 Lake 5,000 Mongoose Lake 10,000 Moose Lake 10,000 Mountain, or Chipman Lake .... 15,000 Mountain Lake (or E. Branch White River) 55,000 Mud Creek 5,000 McCormack Lake 5,000 McGill's Creek 10,000 McVeigh Creek 15,000 Newt Lake 3,000 Noel Lake 2,500 One Lake 3,000 Pearl Lake 1,000 Pinkney Lake 5,000 Pine Lake (24-R-13) 10,000 Pine Lake (25-R-ll) 5,000 Rapid River 20,000 Root River 25,000 Round Lake 5,000 Sand Lake Creek 15,000 Sand River 15,000 vScarbo Lake 15,000 Silver Creek 15,000 Snowshoe Creek 15,000 Speckled Trout Lake 5,000 Spruce Lake 10,000 vStokley Creek 15,000 Stoney Portage 15,000 Tamarack Lake or Quintel 5,000 Tookenay Lake 10,000 Trout Lake (62-R-29) 15,000 Trout Lake (R-12) 2,500 Tawabinasay Lake 10,000 Triple Lake 5,000 28 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 10 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 19SZ~- Continued. SPECKLED TROUT— Continued Algoma : Victoria Creek Walker Lake Wallace Lake Wannamaker Creek Wartz Lake Bruce : Belmore Creek., Sih^er Creek Durham : Arnott Creek Bert Reid's Creek Brook's Creek Cavan Creek Deyell's Creek Grant Creek Griffiths Creek Kelly's Brook Mount Pleasant Creek.. McKindley's Creek McLaughlin's Creek Small Creek Smith's Creek Thistle Creek Dufferin : Cundy Stream Greenwood Creek Frontenac : Black Creek Clyde River Trout or Palmerston Lake. White Lake Grey: Big Head River Buchanan's Lake Priddle's Spring Creek. Saugeen River Snell's Creek Sydenham River Haliburton: Auger Lake Bear Lake Creek Bitter Lake Burnt River Stream Clear Lake Elephant, or Pacey's Creek.... Gliden's Creek Haliburton or Crooked Lake.. Holland's Creek Hollow Lake Hollow River Mink Lake McCue's Creek Nichol's Creek Trout Lake Hastings : Baragar Lake.... Cooley's Creek., Diamond Lake., Echo Lake Egan Creek Green's Creek... 20,000 15,000 5,000 5,000 15,000 5,000 10,000 20,000 2,500 5,000 60,000 15,000 2,500 2,500 10,000 15,000 2,500 15,000 15,000 5,000 10,000 20,000 20,000 25,000 25,000 60,000 15,000 5,000 5,000 15,000 37,000 5,000 52,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 20,000 15,000 5,000 16,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 10,000 15,000 2,500 15,000 20,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 10,000 20,000 Hare's Lake 10,000 Lake St. Peter 200,000 Little Papineau Creek 5,000 Mill Creek 5,000 Park's or Parker's Creek. 3,000 Squire's Creek 15,000 Steen's Creek 20,000 Sydney Creek 25,000 Trout Lake (Faraday) 50,000 Two Mile Creek 5,000 Huron: Lizar Stream 5,000 Kenora : Otter, or Salmon Creek 15,000 Muskoka : Axel's Lake 5,000 Big Clear Lake 20,000 Big East Lake 5,000 Bigwin Creek 10,000 Bird Lake 5,000 Black Creek 15,000 Buck Lake (McMurrich) 15,000 Clear Lake (Sinclair) 10,000 Clear Lake (McLean) 5,000 Cooper's Lake 5,000 Dam Lake 5,000 Deep Lake 5,000 Echo Lake 15,000 Grindstone Lake 5,000 Lake of Bays 100,000 Little Clear, or Storrie Lake 5, 000 Little East River, or Jcssop's Creek 40,000 Oxtongue Lake 40,000 Oxtongue River 60,000 Rebecca Creek 5,000 Rock Lake 5,000 Shoe Lake 5,000 Spring Creek 5,000 Three Island Lake 5,000 Waseosa or Long Lake 10,000 Wolf Lake 10,000 Nipissing : Canoe, or Loft Lake 5,000 Chippewa Creek 12,000 Costello Lake 5,000 Devil's Lake 15,000 Doran's Creek 12,000 Dottey's or Long Lake 5,000 Duschesne Creek 12,000 Four :Mile Creek 12,000 Gilmour Lake 10,000 Groundhog Lake 5,000 Little Cedar, or Hardman Creek 15,000 Long Lake Creek 5,000 Martin Creek 3,000 Moonev Lake 5,000 McCauley's Lake 5,000 North River 22,000 Otter Lake 10,000 Oxbow Lake 10,000 Rainbow Lake (Hunter) 5,000 Rainbow Lake (Deaconj 5,000 Red Squirrel River 10,000 1934 ANNUAL REPORT, 1933 SPECIES AXD QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1933— Continued. 29 SPECKLED TROUT— Continued Smokey Creek Spectacle Lake Whitney Lake L^orfolk: North Creek Spooky Hollow Stream. Spring Creek Venison Creek Vittoria Creek Northumberland : Baltimore Creek Beaman Creek Big Creek Black's Creek Burnley Stream Colborne Creek Dartford Creek DeLong Creek Duncan Creek Dark, Mutton, PhilUp's Creek.... Factory Creek. HeflFerman's Creek Keller, Keeler or Allen's Spring Creek Quinn Creek Salt, or Dawson Creek Sandy Flat or O'Rorke's Creek North lunberland : Trout Creek Vanblaircomb, or Cart's Creek .. West Creek Woodland Creek Ontario : Black River Chubtown Creek Elgin Pond Parry Sound: Bay Lake Beaver Creek Boyne River Brazier's Creek Buttcrfield's Creek Butterfly Lake Compass Lake Deer Lake Eagle Lake Fleming Lake Genesee Creek James Creek Jenkins Creek Long Lake Stream Lynx Lake Magnetawan River Paisley Lake Poole Lake Ragged Lake Creek Rat Lake Round Lake Creek Rock Lake Sequin River .... South River Stoney, or Bernard Lake Steel's Creek Sugar Lake Creek 15,000 5,000 20,000 10,000 10,250 10,000 11,000 10,000 20,000 15,000 5,000 15,000 35,000 5,000 15,000 5,000 10,000 14,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 10,000 25,000 20,000 20,000 2,000 25,000 40,000 20,000 30,000 2,000 15,000 5,000 15,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 1,000 5,000 55,345 5,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 15,000 5,000 15,000 5,000 5,000 Three Mile Lake. Walker's Creek Wallace Lake Peel: Credit River. Perth : Maitland River. Peterboro : Best's Creek Carver's Creek Etl's Creek ]Minnow Lake Norwood's Creek Ouse River Plato Creek Scott's or Sedgwick Creek., Swamp Lake Prince Edward: Waring's Creek. Rainy River: Elbow Lake Creek. Heron Lake Mink Lake Renfrew: Birchem Lake Black Lake Buck Skin Lake Dam Lake Creek Griffith or Aird Road Creek . Gunn Lake Hart Lake Hurd's or Clear Creek Kelly Lake Loon Lake Red Pine Lake Rock Lake Sandy Lake Silver Lake Swallow Lake Trout Lake (Head) Trout Lake (McKay) Wendigo Lake Simcoe : Black Creek Coldwater River Fourth Line Creek. Silver Creek Spring Creek Willow Creek Sudbury : Bertrand's Creek Chelmsford Creek Emerald Lake Mowat Creek (also called Moun- tain Lake) Ned's Lake Nellie's Lake Nelson River Poulin Creek Wahanpitae River 10,000 20,000 5,000 50,000 10,000 15.000 37,000 50,000 2,000 25,000 75,000 10,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 2,500 5,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 15,000 10,000 12,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 25,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 15,000 10,000 20,000 30 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 10 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, l9S3—Contimied. SPECKLED TROUT— Continued Thunder Bay: Allen Lake 30,000 Anderson Lake 5,000 Arnold's Creek 10,000 Bass Lake 15,000 Beck Lake 15,000 Biggar Lake 12,500 Brule Lake Creek 15,000 Caribou Lake 5,000 Cavern Lake 10,000 Cedar Creek 15,000 Clearwater Lake 5,000 Clegg Lake 10,000 Cliff Lake 3,000 Coandawaga Lake 5,000 Cold Creek 10,000 Coldwater River 20,000 Current River 70,000 Corbett's Creek 25,000 Cousineau Lake 20,000 Deception Lake 15,000 Doney Lake 5,000 Florence Lake 2,500 Fourteenth Creek 10,000 Eraser Creek 75,000 Gillis Lake 5,000 Good Morning Lake 5,000 Gravel Lake 5,000 Gulch Lake 5,000 High Lake 5,000 Hilma Lake 15,000 Jackson Lake 5,000 Knobel Lake 10,000 Lake Innes 3,000 Lake McGregor 25,000 Long Lake 10,000 Loon Lake 25,000 Lost Lake 2,000 Lower Twin Lake 15,000 Maud Lake 5,000 Mine Lake 5,000 Miner Lake 5,000 Mirror Lake 15,000 Moose Creek 20,000 Mountain Lake 5,000 Mclntyre or Three Mile Creek 35,000 Mclntyre River 45,000 McKenzie Lake 15,000 McKenzie River 100,000 McVicar's Creek 25,000 Neebing River 15,000 Nipigon River 250,000 Nolan Lake 10,000 Pearl River 35,000 Pitch Creek 35,000 Rainbow Lake 5,000 Reochs Lake 15,000 Ross Lake 5,000 Spring Creek 25,000 Stephen's Lake (also called - Stiffen or Steffen) 10,000 Silver Lake 15,000 Spring Lake 5,000 Trout Lake (Stirling) 10,000 Trout Lake (Jacques) 20,000 Thunder Lake 5,000 Upper Twin Lake 15,000 Walker's Lake 15,000 Wellburn Lake Whitewood Creek.. Wideman Lake Wigan Lake Timiskaming: Ada Creek Bristol Creek Crocodile Creek Croft's Creek Dome Creek Frere Lake Fuller's Creek Graham's Creek Grassy Creek Halfway Lake Hawker Creek Legare Creek Monroe Lake Otter Creek Pike Creek Ramsbottom Creek., Red Sucker Creek.... Shaw's Creek Small Spot Creek Spring Creek Timagami Lake Trout Creek Water Hen Creek Victoria : Beech Creek Birch Bark Lake. Grant's Creek Waterloo : Erbsville or Bamberg Creek Manheira or Leutenstager Creek Roseville Creek Speed River Welland : Effinfham Stream vSulphur Stream Wellington : Lutterill Creek Sunny Brook Miscellaneous: Private waters (Sales and for experimental purposes) Yearlings Norfolk: Forestry Pond Forestville Creek Gibson's Creek North Creek : Spooky Hollow Creek Vittoria Creek 10,000 25,000 15,000 3,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 15,000 10,000 10,000 15,000 5,000 15,000 5,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 10,000 15,000 75,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 5,000 7,500 25,000 18,000 2,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 4,000 9,060 Thunder Bay: Nipigon River... Miscellaneous: Private Waters. 5,950,255 500 400 443 1,500 1,523 1,500 21,267 1,104 28,237 1934 ANNUAL REPORT, 1933 31 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 19SS~Continued. SPECKLED TROUT— Continued Adults Lake Superior 1,540 Experimental purposes 9 1,549 LAKE TROUT Eggs Miscellaneous : Experimental purposes 200,000 Fry Bruce: Lake Huron 1,400,000 FiNGEPLINGS Algoma : Achigan Lake 25,000 Basswood Lake 35,000 Boundry Lake (also called Jobammeghia Lake) 10,000 Camp Lake 10,000 Chiblow Lake 15,000 Cummings Lake 15,000 Hawk Lake 10,000 Hobon Lake 20,000 Iron Lake 15,000 Island Lake (Aweres) 10,000 Lake Dubome 20,000 Lake Lauzon 25,000 Lonely Lake 25,000 Loon Lake (Deroche) 10,000 Moose Lake (Shedden) „ 10,000 Moose Lake (25-R-13) 20,000 North Channel 950,000 Patton Lake 10,000 Petangen Lake 10,000 Sand Lake..... 25,000 St. Mary's river (below rapids) 200 Trout Lake (Aweres) 10,000 Trout Lake (24-R-12) 15,000 Frontenac: Eagle Lake 15,000 Sharbot Lake 25,000 Hastings: Tongamong Lake 10,000 Leeds : Charleston Lake 100,000 Otter Lake 15,000 Rideau Lake 100,000 Nipissing: Buck Lake 10,000 Cache Lake 25,000 Doe Lake 5,000 Lake Nipissing.; 100,000 Parry Sound: Georgian Bay 4,800,000 Peterboro : Belmont Lake 15,000 Sudbury : Lake Penage 30,000 Lake Shebandowan 20,000 Ramsay Lake 15,000 Trout Lake (Cosby) 25,000 Wahnahpitae River 25,000 Thunder Bay: Lake Nipigon 200,000 Timiskaming: Lake Timagami 75,000 Wentworth : Lake Ontario 582,500 Great Lakes : Lake Huron 5,500,000 Lake Superior 3,025,000 16,012,700 WHITEFISH Fry Algoma : North Channel 4,000,000 Kenora : Eagle Lake 1,000,000 Lake of the Woods 24,250,000 Lost Lake 250,000 Marchington Lake 500,000 Stanzhikimi Lake 1,000,000 Parry Soimd: Georgian Bay 57,550,000 Prince Edward: Bay of Quinte 134,700,000 Rainy River: Rainy Lake 15,390,000 Red Gut Bay 500,000 Thunder Bay: Lake Nipigon 3,000,000 Wentworth: Lake Ontario 40,000,000 282,140,000 Great Lakes: Lake Erie 71,920,000 Lake Huron 9,200,000 Lake Superior 8,851,000 89,971,000 372,111,000 HERRING Prince Edward: Bay of Quinte 11,400,000 Wentworth : Lake Ontario 780,000 Great Lakes: Lake Erie 10,625,000 22,805,000 32 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 10 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 193S— Continued. PICKEREL Glengarry : St. Lawrence River. Lamb ton : Sydenham River Muskoka : Sparrow Lake Parry Somid: Georgian Bay Prince Edward: Bay of Quinte 1,350,000 100,000 500,000 250,000 1,650,000 Simcoe : Lake Couchicing Severn River Sturgeon or Matchedash Bay.. Sudbury : French River Wentworth: Hamilton Bay Waterloo : Grand River .. 250,000 500,000 250,000 500,000 100,000 100,000 Great Lakes: Lake Huron 14,950,000 20,500,000 1934 ANNUAL REPORT, 1933 33 APPENDIX NO. 2. SPECKLED TROUT DISTRIBUTION, 1933 Length in inches Quantity Eggs 506,000 Fry 725,000 linch 1,223,000 l}4 inches 80,000 n4 inches 2,057,500 IH inches 72,000 2 inches 1,217,516 214 inches 11,000 21^ inches 1,258,000 3 inches 47,900 3 to 4 inches 4,336 3 to 10 inches 6,960 4 to 0 inches 250 6 to 8 inches 23 7 to 13 inches 1.556 7,211,041 APPENDIX NO. 3. DISTRIBUTION OF FISH ACCORDING TO SPECIES, 1932-1933 1933 Lake trout, eyed eggs Lake trout, fry Lake trout, fingerUngs Speckled trout, eyed eggs Speckled trout, fry Speckled trout, fingerUngs Speckled trout, yearlings Speckled trout, adults Rainbow trout, fingerUngs Brown trout, fingerUngs Brown trout, yearlings Small-mouthed black bass, fry Small-mouthed black bass, fingerUngs Small-mouthed black bass, yearlings and adults., Large-mouthed black bass, fry Large-mouthed black bass, fingerUngs Large-mouthed black bass yearlings and adults... Maskinonge, fry Pickerel, eyed eggs Pickerel, fry Whitefish, fry Herring, eyed eggs Herring, fry Golden Shiners Total. 1 256 229 75 150,000 ,021,000 ,237,800 23,400 256,500 ,634,889 144,512 2,815 216,235* 628,060 1.100 588,000 29,400 7,948 112,000 4,788 24 115.000 .000,000 846,500 035,000 100,000 000,000 1.400 585,156,371 200,000 1,400,000 16,012,700 506,000 725,000 5,950,255 28,237 1,549 27,016 483,016 674 545,000 25,750 3,471 856 20,500,000 372,111,000 '22,865,066 441,325,524 *Fry and fingerUngs. 34 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES No. 10 APPENDIX GAME AND FISHERIES Statistics of the Fishing Industry in the Public Water^ Equip District No. of men Tugs Gasoline launches Sail and row boats Gill nets No. Tons Value No. Value No. Value Yards Value 522 290 167 508 299 169 908 617 504 120 52 33 130 73 47 183 187 38 $ 64,875 26,970 34,570 108,295 47.350 12.210 168.160 89.450 16,850 234 66 57 86 37 88 179 175 168 S 7.048 4.880 4.875 8.325 2.2,37 3.700 11,465 6,785 5,534 $ 313,460 682,360 350,370 1,252,005 973,592 $ 44,426 8 11 22 16 265 224 575 518 $ 37,500 51,500 154,500 128,900 62,406 54,350 Georgian Bay 136,954 Lake Huron 108,980 Lake St. Clair (with St. Clalr and Rivers) Lake Erie 29 889 233,500 1 .360.230 815.940 147,550 189,634 Lake Ontario 79,982 4 85 15,000 21,600 Totals 3.984 90 2.566 $ 620,900 863 $ 568.730 1.090 $ 54,*49 $ 5,895,507 ■S 698,332 APPENDIX QUANTITIES OF District Herring Whiteflsh Trout Pike Pickerel (blue) Pickerel (dore) lbs. lbs. 666,278 245.035 257,697 1,475,359 309,519 lbs. 85,785 968,278 471,194 1.344,425 1,343,366 lbs 781.312 12.893 6»,b38 82.305 820 18.239 84.852 191.766 69.264 lbs. lbs. 1.237.862 Lake Superior 1.069,952 2,872 4,500 325,971 20 177,679 780,287 4,365 87,815 North Channel 93.940 104.813 Lake Huron 256.841 Lake St. Clair (with St. Clair and Detroit Rivers) 2.786 4,151,586 62,033 25.597 Lake Eirie 710.039 473,564 590,414 1,544 353,225 85,898 249,432 Lake Ontario 24,536 Sundry Inland Waters 115,029 Totals 2,365,646 4,727,905 4.653.715 1,310,089 4.216,405 2.195.865 Values $118,282.30 $520,069.55 S511,908.6a $78,605.34 $210,820.25 $241,545.15 1934 ANNUAL REPORT, 1933 35 NO. 4. DEPARTMENT, ONTARIO of Ontario, for the Year Ending December 31st, 1933. MEXT Seine nets Pound nets Hoop nets Dip and roll nets Night lines Spears Freezers and Ice houses Piers and wharves Total No. Yards Value, No. Value No. V'alue No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No. Value 29 43 110 85 ,109 114 571 $ 9,170 18,200 48,599 81,900 69.300 11.395 297,550 22 S 920 1 S 3 12 $ 24.335 91 $10,915 $ 161.692 27 38 51 55 19 105 24 54 9.225 13,315 18.735 29.365 4.800 138.232 6.895 7.249 21 31 53 15 15 73 24 19 4.970 13.325 18.820 10.395 4.385 25.400 3.952 1.360 164.151 1 11 S 8 45 220.542 4 500 S 460 29 704 1 5 31.346$ 3,975 12,518 2,020 2.100{ 78 2,700 95 5.200 188 9,880 526 532.718 398.547 48 9,770 17,480 560 5,247 4,471 10,760 405 3,738 3 33 516 138 425 720 15,084 3,900 2 8 9 4n 41,473 63 1,075,556 7 15j 107 40 169 202,848 53 14 4,000 71 456 80,382 175, 33,557 $19,834 1,075 $540,114 741 S21.753 67 $ 333 63.744 $6,882 83 $ 509 493 $252,151 342 $93,522 $2,877,909 NO. 5. FISH TAKEN Sturgeon Eels Perch TulUbee Catfish Carp Mixed Coarse Caviare Total Value lbs. 30,784 lbs. lbs. 16,552 69 8,886 2,771 113,884 39,064 2,729.029 109.220 13.241 lbs. 38.598 673.754 64,368 242,478 690,818 lbs. 7,259 lbs. 3.245 2,382 809 13,282 6,608 346,090 580,675 98.296 210.423 lbs. 88.468 43.783 291,055 164,068 35.937 238,888 1,421.759 230.202 268,549 lbs. 559 lbs. 2,956.702 3,107.591 1.272.707 3.438,628 3,091,028 697,186 10,231,660 2,584.576 1,823.069 S 285,183.56 3630 240,708.54 13.124 103 2.952 258 18,869 100,051 191.979 93,275 21 113,130.61 1675 348,048.50 6.561 445 208 822 278,059.44 7,425 35,162.17 24 192 553,906 87 3565 65,903 9,616 185,947.10 14,783 347,856 356 145,936,95 105.739 75,519 3,032,716 2,057.872 414.746 1.261.810 2,782.709 2.411 29.203,147 $42,295.60 $5,286.33 $151,635.80 $123,472.32 $33,179.68 $63,090.50 $83,481.27 $2,411.00 $2,186,083.71 36 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AXD FISHERIES No. 10 APPENDIX NO. 6. CO:^IPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE YIELD OF THE FISHERIES OF ONTARIO KIND 1932 1933 Increase Decrease Pounds 2,635,292 4,865,824 4,644,492 1,309,820 4,060,964 2,228,636 Pounds 2,365,646 4,727,905 4,653,715 1,310,089 Pounds Pounds 269,646 Whitefish 137,919 Trout 9,223 269 Pil^e Pickerel (Blue) 4,216,405 ! 155.441 Pinlrprel f Dore) .. . 2,195,865 105,739 32,771 108.404 2,665 Eels 62,398 Perch 5,261,390 75,519 3,032,716 2,057,872 13,121 2,228,674 Tullibee 1.749.692 308,180 Patfish 429,777 414,746 1,261,810 15,031 Qarp 1,188.677 2,317,043 2,799 73.133 TV/Tiv^fl ?inH Coarse 2,782,709 i 465.666 2.411 368 TOTALS 30,865,188 29,203,147 1 *1, 662,041 *Xet Decrease. APPENDIX NO. 7. STATEMENT OF YIELD OF THE FISHERIES OF ONTARIO 1933 KIND Quantity Pounds Price Per Pound Estimated Value Herring Whitefish Trout l.ke Pickerel (Blue) Pickerel (Dore) Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed and Coarse. Caviare 2,365 4,727 4,653 1,310 4.216 2,195 105 75 3,032 2,057 414, 1,261. 2,782, 2, ,646 905 ,715 ,089 405 865 739 519 716 872 746 810 709 411 .05 .11 .11 .06 .05 .11 .40 .07 .05 .06 .08 .05 .03 1.00 118,282.30 520.069 55 511,908.65 78,605.34 210,820.25 241,545.15 42,295.60 5,286.33 151,635.80 123,472.32 33,179.68 63,090.50 83,481 . 27 2,411.00 TOTALvS 29.203,147 $ 2,186,083.74 APPENDIX NO. 8. VALUE OF ONTARIO FISHERIES FOR A PERIOD OF TWENTY YEARS 1914-1933 INCLUSIVE 1014 $ 2,755,293.11 1Q15 3,341,181.41 1QI6 2,658,992.43 1Q17 2,866,424.00 1010 3,175,110.32 tniQ 2,721,440 24 inon 2,691,093.74 iqoi 2,656,775.82 1Q22 2.807,525.21 1993 2,886,-398.76 1924 $ 3,139,279.03 1925 .*. 2,858,854, 79 1926 2,64.3,686.28 1927 3,229,143.57 1928 3,033,944.42 1929 3,054,282.02 1930 2,539,904.91 1931 2,442,703. 55 1932 2,286,573.50 1933 2,186,083.74 Twenty-Eighth Annual Report OF THE Game and Fisheries Department 1934 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO SESSIONAL PAPER No. 9, 1935 ONTARIO TORONTO Printed and Published by T. E. Downian, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty 1935 TO THE HONOURABLE HERBERT ALEXANDER BRUCE, a Colonel In the Royal Army Medical Corps, F.R.C.S. (Eug.). Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR HONOUR: I have the honour to submit herewith for the information of Your Honour and the Legislative Assembly, the Twenty-Eighth Annual Report of the Game and Fisheries Department of this Province. I have the honour to be. Your Honour's most obedient servant, H. C. NIXON, Minister in Charge, Department of Game and Fisheries Toronto, 1935. (ii) TWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Game and Fisheries Department of Ontario TO: THE HONOURABLE H. C. NIXON, hiinister in charge, Department of Game and Fisheries. SIR: — I have the honour to place before you this Twenty-eighth Annual Report of the Department of Game and Fisheries of Ontario, covering the year, 1934. FINANCIAL The following table contains details of the various sources from which this Department derived its revenue during the period under review, and covers the fiscal year ended October 31st, 1934. REVENUE FOR FISCAL YEAR 1934 GAME— Royalty $ 90,990.90 Licenses — Trapping $ 30,605.00 Non-resident Hunting 25,799.55 Deer 47,263.70 Moose 3,162.50 Gun 59,214.25 Fur Dealers 30,267.00 Fur Farmers 6,257.50 Tanners 155.00 Cold Storage 106.00 $202,920.50 ?293,91L40 FISHERIES— Royalty $ 10,058.68 Licenses — Fishing $ 90,930.00 Angling 128,472.22 $219,402.22 Sales — Spawn taking 551.53 230,012.43 GENERALr— Guides' Licenses $ 4,750.39 Fines 5,276.02 Sales— Confiscated articles, etc 3,094.96 Rent 4,405.00 Commission 2,901.34 Miscellaneous 386.93 $ 20,814.64 $544,738.47 (1) DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES The total revenue of $544,738.47 represents a decline of approximately $27,000.00 as compared with the revenue of the previous year, and which last-mentioned figure is practically the unfavourable difference in the amount of fees received from the sale of hunting licenses, both resident and non-resident, of all varieties, during 1934 as compared with 1933. It is more than probable that this reduced sale of hunting licenses could be attributed to the existing economic conditions which naturally have resulted In limiting the spending ability of the average sportsman, thus necessi- tating curtailment of individual expenditures wherever necessary. Declining revenues, however, demand that the matter of expenditures shall be very carefully scrutinized, so that the amount which is available shall be spent to the best possible advantage, and in order that no particular division of the work shall suffer from lack of funds. During the period reported upon the total sum expended by this Depart- ment amounted to $556,267.54, which was $11,529.07 in excess of the total revenue which was derived, and some $25,000.00 more than the total expenditures of the previous year. This increase was due to the extension in the work of the Fish Culture Branch in connection with the establishment of the bass ponds in the County of Frontenac, and which work was commenced late in the Spring of 1934. STATISTICS Attention is drawn to the various statistical tables provided as appendices to this report, and which tables supply in detail, information regarding the output of the fish hatcheries and rearing stations maintained and operated by the Fish Culture Branch, as well as information as to the designation and location of the various waters which have been re-stocked during the year. There will also be found statistics in respect of the commercial branch of our fisheries, and throughout the report itself are tables having reference to other aspects of Departmental activity, all of which have been carefully assembled and prepared, and those who are interested therein will find them of considerable value. GAME The numbers of licenses to authorize the hunting of large ganie animals, — deer, moose and bear — as issued during the year, and as compared with similar figures for the previous year, are as follows: — 1933 1934 Resident INloose 919 19 0G5 997 575 Resident Deer 17,252 889 Non-resident (general) Hunting These figures substantiate the previous observations in the references as to Departmental revenues and indicate to some extent the reduction in the numbers of hunting licenses issued during the period under review. Reports from Officers in the Field Service of the Department have been as- sembled and tabulated, and the following is provided as a summary of conditions as they have existed throughout the year and as they apply to our game life,— animals and birds: — ANNUAL REPORT, 1934 Doer — In the extreme northwestern portion of the Province, including Rainy River and Kenora Districts, conditions are generally favourable, though in the balance of the northern portion, that is, north and west of the French and Mattawa Rivers there was a very noticeable decline in the numbers of these animals. So far as Southern Ontario is concerned there are evidences of some increase in num- bers in the western and eastern counties in which these animals are protected by an entire closed season, and while there is no immediate cause for concern as to the present conditions, in the northern counties and districts of this southern Division reports indicate that these animals are not any more than holding their own, and possibly suffered a decline during the period under review. Moose — Few of these animals are to be noticed in the southern portion of the Province, and in which section they are protected by an entire closed season, while in Northern Ontario some slight improvement in their condition is indicated by the reports. Caribon — There are but very few and scattered herds of these animals, and only in the north. No evidence of any improvement in their condition, and the pres- ent protection which the regulations provide is apparently necessary. Elk (wapiti) — Introduced into the Province in 1932 and 1933 from western Canada, with the co-operation of the National Parks Branch of the Federal Depart- ment of the Interior. Herds at present located on the following Game Preserves, — Pembroke, Burwash, Goulais River-Ranger Lake, Chapleau and Nipigou-Ouaman. Kuffled Grouse (Partridge) — These birds were reported to be not plentiful in practically every section of the Province. Sharp-tailed Grouse (Prairie Chicken) — Found only in Northern and North- western Ontario, where their numbers have been largely reduced. Ptarniig'an — Exist only in the extreme northern portion of the Province. Con- ditions fairly good in areas in v.hich they are adaptable. Quail — While these birds are to be noticed in various portions of southern Ontario, they are not very prevalent except in the extreme southwestern counties, where they are found in increasing numbers. Ducks — The various species of ducks were not so numerous, particularly in Southern Ontario, though from Northern Ontario the reports would indicate little change during flight from conditions as they existed in previous years. Plover and Snipe — No general improvement is reported concerning these birds, though there is some scattered local improvement as regards snipe. Very scarce throughout the Province. Pheasants (Ring-necked) — These birds have very definitely established them- selves in the western, southern and eastern counties of the Province, particularly those adjacent to Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and the River St. Lawrence, and where conditions are favourable to their existence. Reports, however, indicate that pre- vailing weather conditions in the more northerly counties and districts of Southern Ontario are not suitable for this species. Favourable conditions were responsible for the provision of an open season, limited as to period and area in which it was effective. The work of distributing live birds and eggs was continued from the Bird Farm at Codrington. Some 696 birds were liberated in various localities and DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES 17,730 eggs forwarded to applicants for the same, whose co-operation in the matter of hatching the eggs and raising the chicks represent a degree of assistance the value of which it would be difficult to estimate, and without which co-operation, the successful establishment of the bird would undoubtedly have been retarded. Hungarian Partridg-e — The work of establishing this bird has not progressed in a degree which is in any way comparable with the results obtained in our experi- ments with the pheasant. Up to the present time any propagation of these birds on the Department's Bird Farm devoted to this work, has been very limited and nothing which might be termed in any way successful. During the year reported on no general distribution of these birds was undertaken, only twenty birds being liberated. The remainder of the available stock was retained for liberation during a more favourable season. Rabbits — There would appear to be general indications that these animals are decreasing in number, though they are reported still to be fairly numerous and afford good hunting in some localities, particularly the western counties. At this point it might be well to observe that to the unusually dry seasons of 1933 and 1934 as well as to the extremely severe weather conditions which pre- vailed during the winter of 1933-34, might be assigned a large proportion of the responsibility for some of the unfavourable conditions which existed in respect of our game animals and birds, and more particularly deer and partridge. FURS Conditions as they affect fur-bearing animals throughout the Province, and as they have been reported to the Department, may be summarized as follows: — Bear — Would appear to be increasing in number, particularly in Northern Ontario. Beaver — Conditions would appear to show some improvement throughout the closed area, i.e. south of the main transcontinental line of the Canadian National Railway. Fisher — This species is extremely scarce and its numbers possibly decreasing. Conditions are not at all favourable. Fox — Conditions vary. Reported to be decreasing in Southern Ontario, while increasing numbers are indicated in reports from Northern Ontario. Annual catch shows considerable increase. Lynx — While the annual catch as set forth in this report shows a considerable increase, the reports indicate that this species is extremely scarce and that condi- tions as they apply here do not show much, if any, improvement. Marten — Very scarce, and still declining. The annual catch of this species is practically negligible. Mink — Annual catch showed quite an increase over that of previous year. Some improvement, particularly in the north. Mnskrat — The catch of this stand-by of the fur-bearers showed a large decrease. Conditions in southern Ontario are not so favourable, though improvement is reported from Northern Ontario. ANNUAL REPORT, 1934 Otter— Not much, if any, general change for the better. Annual catch has re- mained about the same, even though a short open season on this species was declared in 1934 to take in the entire Province. Kaccoon — While the figures of the annual catch show an increase of fifty per- cent over the previous year, reports indicate that this species is not so numerous. Skank — These animals continue fairly plentiful throughout the Province. IVeasel — Decreasing in number somewhat, as is indicated by the figures of the annual catch. The fur-bearers of our Province are subjected to very intensive trapping opera- tions during the periods of the various open seasons, and practically all species, as a result, are encountering considerable difficulty in maintaining their numbers unimpaired, without even considering improvement, and if we are to preserve our wild life fur resources for the benefit of future generations of trappers and those engaged in the fur industrj', it is quite apparent that the present restrictive regu- lations must be continued and every effort made to secure observation of and com- pliance with the same. The following comparative table lists the pelts of fur-bearing animals, other than those which were raised upon licensed fur farms, on which royalty was paid in the years 1932, 1933 and 1934. Bear Beaver Fisher Fox (cross) Fox (red) Fox (silver or black) Fox (white) Fox (not specified) . Lynx Marten Mink Muskrat Otter Raccoon Skunk Weasel Wolverine 1933 1934 556 341 10,799 10,336 1,203 1,297 1,495 2,224 9,198 13,534 132 280 82 89 111 85 1,400 2,138 1,376 1,096 52,795 63.615 637,34,8 521,751 3,264 3,330 12,109 18,673 67,797 73,721 92,036 68,164 3 5 891,704 780,679 Statistics based on average prices, as compiled by the Department from inform- ation, supplied in this connection indicate that the trappers responsible for the taking of these pelts during 1934 received some $1,595,668.65 from the sale thereof. The foregoing figures do not include silver and black foxes raised on licensed fur farms, the pelts of which animals are exempt from royalty provisions, and 15,638 of such ranch-raised silver and black fox pelts were disposed of during the year. Of this number 14.052 were exported from Ontario, and the remainder, numbering 1,586 were dressed within the Province. It is estimated that these particular pelts were worth $555,930.90 to the fur farmers responsible for the production of the same. DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES PUR FARMING The fur farming industry continued its development during the year along the sound and established lines which have previously existed, and the efforts along these lines have been assisted and encouraged with the practical advice and co- operation which is available at the government Experimental Fur Farm at Kirkfield, the work of which institution during the year being outlined further on in this report. Silver and black fox continue to be the principal product of these licensed fur farms, though work in connection with the mink would appear to be developing, and the propagation of this species is attracting increasing attention. In previous years statistics of the stock of animals on licensed fur farms as shown in the annual report represented animals on hand as at the end of each calendar year. To obtain these figures in time for inclusion in this report neces- sitated the employment of emergency methods out of all proportion to the results obtained, and for this reason it is deemed desirable with this report to institute the practice of reporting the number of animals on hand as at the beginning of the year under review, — thus the table appended herewith lists the numbers of the various species of fur-bearing animals reported to be stocked on licensed fur farms as at January 1st of the 1932, 1933 and 1934. ANIMALS STOCKED OX LICENSED FUR FARMS AS AT JANUARY 1ST Beaver Fisher Fox (cross) Fox (red) Fox (silver black) Fox (blue) Lynx Mink Muskrat Raccoon Skunk Bear Marten Badger 1932 1933 1934 58 44 60 74 50 18 582 559 443 562 448 360 17,414 15,938 16,826 42 13 10 4 2 2 7,198 6,170 6,190 1,359 511 499 1,486 1,202 989 12 10 2 25 16 14 40 37 22 6 4 0 The number of Fur Farmers' licenses issued during the year showed a small decrease, being 1217 as compared with licenses to the number of 1291 which were issued during the year 1933. CROWN GA^IE PRESERVES During the year approximately seventy thousand acres of additional territory was included in the system of Crown Game Preserves throughout the Province, which system had its inception in the year 1917, and there is evidence that these areas of complete sanctuary materially assist in the preservation and propagation of game, particularly within their own boundaries and on the areas adjacent thereto. Two game preserves were created, one which had been established previously was extended, and one was discontinued at the request of the owner of the land involved, particulars of all of which are as follows: — ANNUAL REPORT, 1934 Those established were: (a) Burwash Crown Game Preserve, in the District of Sudbury, 87 square miles or 55,6S0 acres in extent; and (b) North Easthope Crowu Game Preserve in the County of Perth, 8,300 acres in extent. The Barkley Crown Game Preserve, in the County of Dundas, which was originally established in 1932, was extended to take in an increased area of 5,000 acres, while the Nayaushe Crown Game Preserve, established in 1932, and covering a small area of 450 acres, was discontinued, as has been previously stated, at the request of the owner of the land involved. This last-mentioned Game Preserve was located in the District of Manitoulin. WOLF BOUNTIES During 1934, the Department received applications and paid bounties in respect of 1,859 wolves, and the following is a comparative table of statistics for the past three years: — Timber Brush | Pups Total Bounties For fiscal year ending October 31, 1932.. j 1,413 j 1,413 | 46 | 2,872 I $68,481.35 For fiscal year ending October 31, 1933.. ! 1,112 I 1,229 j 43 | 2,384 | 53^433.88 For fiscal year ending October 31, 1934.. \ 990 | 812 | 57 I 1^859 | 27[o80.65 Reference to the foregoing shows a further decline in the number of these pelts upon which bounty was paid, the decrease being more than thirty-five percent in a period of two years. The difference in the total amount of bounty paid during the years 1933 and 1934 is principally accounted for by the reduction in bounty from $25.00 to $15.00 per pelt which became effective June 1st, 1933, and which reduced bounty would be payable on but few of the pelts presented for such payment during the fiscal year ended October 31st, 1933. ENFORCEMENT OF THE ACT This branch of departmental activity is delegated to the Field Service division, re-organization of which was commenced in 1934. In addition to the regular staff of officers maintained by the Department for this work, enforcement of the Game and Fisheries Act is also provided by members of the Provincial Police force, which system of additional assistance was inaugurated September 1st, 1934. The co- operation which thus exists between Game and Fisheries Overseers and Provincial Constables, has resulted in improved enforcement. It is also encouraging to the Department to note the increasing interest which is being taken in this branch of the work by sportsmen who are sufficiently concerned with the preservation of our fish and wild life resources, as to offer their voluntary services in the capacity of Deputy Game and Fisheries Wardens, and as such are authorized to assist in the matter of securing proper observance of the Regulations. During the year 1934 such appointments to the number of 717 were issued, many of whom are in close contact and co-operate with various members of the permanent Field Service or enforcement staff, particularly those stationed in that portion of the Province lying south of the French and Mattawa Rivers. DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES Records show that there were 491 cases in which offenders were appreliended and charged with violations of tlie provisions of our Act and Regulations, and in which convictions were secured. Fines and costs assessed and collected in these cases are as shown in the statement of revenue previously submitted in this Report. In all, there was a total of 1036 cases in which seizure of goods and equip- ment was involved, and the following is a summary of the articles thus placed under seizure: — Pelts 1,967 Boats- Deer and Moose Hides 9 Gasoline 4 Live Animals and Birds 68 Row 9 Fish (lbs.) 18,027 Steam Tug 1 Fish (nos.) 900 Canoes 7 Gill Nets (pes.) 310 Punts 9 Gill Nets (yds.) 7,526 Motor Cars 4 Dip Nets 33 Jacklights and Lanterns 8 Hoop Nets 26 Deer and Moose 11 Seine Nets 23 Venison (lbs.) 640 Trap Nets 5 Moose-meat (lbs.) 325 Hooks 231 Partridges 316 Spears 61 Geese and Ducks 27 Rods and Lines 33 Pheasants 53 Lines 194 Decoys 51 Creels 3 Ammunition — Rounds 236 Tackle Boxes 10 Rabbits 19 Traps 1,001 Quail 10 Firearms 301 Miscellaneous 134 In accordance with the practice which was in effect in previous years, these confiscated articles, except those which were returned by sale to their original owners, were disposed of by tender at public sales, notice of which was advertised in the press. The amount derived from these sales is also shown in the statement of revenue incorporated in this Report. REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL FUR FARM While pelt values have declined in common with other commodities during the past few years, 1934 saw a distinct increase in the demand for information regarding the ranching of fur-bearing animals in captivity. The silver black fox still retains its position as the most important species of fur bearer, both in numbers and in economic value, but mink are coming very rapidly to the fore in fur farming opera- tions. It is encouraging to note that mink breeders are beginning more and more to realize the necessity for producing a pelt which will meet the highest require- ments of the fur trade if breeding operations are to be carried out on a profitable basis. In some quarters there is an impression that ranch-bred mink are invari- ably inferior to those trapped in the wilds. This impression has been created by the number of inferior mink pelts which have come from ranches where the founda- tion stock is of poor quality. On the other hand, when the foundation stock has the right colour and texture of fur, the auction sales have clearly shown that ranch- bred mink can fetch the highest prices and equal in quality trapped mink coming from localities which produced the most desirable pelts. The rapid advancement of mink breeding has called for considerable investiga- tional work into some of the conditions arising among these animals when bred in captivity. Further studies of mink anaemia were made during the year which substantiated and augmented previous findings. This disease has a wide distribution throughout the Dominion and has been responsible for serious losses on many ANNUAL REPORT, 1934 ranches. It has been found that the disease can be entirely prevented by the feeding of beef liver. Liver is also curative in the early stages. Fish is a common article of diet for the mink but it should be noted that fish liver does not seem to possess, for mink at least, the anti-anoemia properties present in beef liver. Two diseases of major importance have made their appearance among mink during 1933-34. One of these diseases attacks the suckling females wlien the kittens are between five to six weeks of age. The affected females lose flesh rapidly and there is a complete cessation of the flow of milk. The appetite is completely lost and the animal becomes partially paralysed in the hind quarters and frequently dies in a coma. Convulsions often take place before the comatic condition is reached. The disease appears to be of metabolic origin but considerable work will have to be done in an attempt to discover the true cause of the condition so that preventive measures can be worked out to offset the disease. The other disease encountered is caused by a sarcophagid fly Wolilfahrtia Tigil. This fly was first reported by Walker in America in 1920 and in 1931 Dr. Norma Ford described the results of an attack made by these flies on an infant two weeks old. Since this date this fly has been found attacking young mink to the extent that it may become a serious menace. The fly deposits its larvae on the young suckling mink which burrow into the skin resulting in small abscessed lesions. If sufficient of these lesions are formed, the young mink will die from the effect. Within two to three weeks the adult fly hatches from the larvae and in a few days mate and in turn commence to deposit their larvae. The flies do not apparently attack adult animals; only the young are affected. It is not yet possible to state how serious a menace these flies may become but preventive measures can be taken by screening the mink houses during the season when the flies are active. A new type of mink house was built during the summer with the primary object in view of guarding against infestation with these flies. The layout appears to have been successful as no larvae were deposited on any of the Farm stock. Observations were made on different rations and their general effect on the nutrition of mink. There is still, however, a great deal of work to be done in this respect. The question whether mink should receive just suflficient water for drink- ing purposes or whether they should be given sufl[icient water to allow them to bathe is one that is frequently asked. This j'ear both methods were employed with the quite definite results that where the mink were allowed to bathe, the fur was off colour and distinctly singed. Those given only drinking water grew a pelt which was satisfactory in colour and texture. There also appears to be no question that shade is essential in securing a desirable colour. Mink which are marked for pelting in the Fall should be kept in shaded quarters and not exposed to the weather. In addition to these observations, a number of parasites were collected from post mortem examinations and have been forwarded to parasitological institutes for identification. In this connection the feeding of fish, especially from sluggish waters appears to be fraught with danger to mink breeders as a number of the parasites of mink spend some part of their life cycle in the fish. The Experimental Fur Farm strongly advocates the removal of the entrails of all fish before feeding and under certain conditions it may be a wise precaution to place fish that are being fed to mink in boiling water for fifteen to twenty minutes. During the year, a bulletin was prepared dealing exclusively with the fox and it is hoped that this bulletin will, to some extent, meet the requests for information from not only established fox breeders but from those contemplating engaging in the industry. All through the breeding season examinations were made of the sper- 10 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES matozoa of male foxes. It was found that there was a considerable variation in the morphology and virility of different foxes. In some cases pup males were found to be sexually active but the spermatozoa was immature and while the majority of young males are fit for reproductive purposes, fox breeders would be ill-advised to pelt desirable females that have failed to conceive when mated with pup males. Much valuable information can be gained by an extension of this work; particularly in regards to the period in each year during which the male can achieve conception. The rutting period in some adult males appears to only last for two or three weeks and if he has been used polygamously, it would be a serious error to place him at the end of the season with a young female which had not yet come in heat for it may be possible that he is quite indifferent once his rutting period is over. A beginning has been made to make a thorough study of the assimibility and digestibility of various feeds fed to foxes. There is a great need at the present time for more accurate and definite information on this subject than is at present available. The Staff took part in the summer school for Fox Breeders held at the Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, and also spoke at the regional meetings held by the Ontario Fox Breeders Association, at Priceville, Barrie and Arnprior. These meet- ings were well attended and some very useful discussions took place which were felt to be helpful to all those engaged in the raising of foxes and mink. In addition to the above investigations, the usual routine work was carried on, including correspondence, which has shown a remarkable increase over the previous year. A large number of visitors, including fox and mink ranchers, called at the Farm seeking information on many varied subjects. From time to time, visits were made to ranches on requests by owners who wished to discuss either ques- tions of disease or ranch management. REPORT OP THE FISH CULTURE BRANCH During the year every effort was directed towards ways and means of producing more and better fish in our hatcheries and rearing stations, for distribution to suitable waters. For a number of years hatchery officers have been responsible for planting hatchery products under careful supervision. Judging from the gratifying reports received by the Department, the work of these planting crews has been commend- able and satisfactory. The findings of the fish planting surveys and laboratory studies are carefully analyzed and applied to our varied problems, which have for their ultimate objec- tive the maintenance of our important marketable and game-fish. The following paragraphs are devoted to a brief discussion of the various species of fish cultured, the output for the year being compared that of the previous one. SPECKLED TROUT: Although the total speckled trout distribution was 12.7 per cent, less than the previous year, there was an increased distribution of 307,000 fingerlings and 6,525 yearlings. The number of adult speckled trout planted was slightly in excess of the number planted in 1933. There were no importations of speckled trout from outside sources. ANNUAL REPORT, 1934 11 BROWN TROUT: Brown trout plantings to date have not brought the results anticipated. Anglers complain that they cannot catch them with the usual baits employed for the purpose. Fourteen thousand five hundred yearlings were distributed or over twenty times as many as the previous year. When these become established it is to be hoped that good fishing will result in waters where they have been distributed. RAINBOW TROUT: Production of this important species was twelve times greater than in 1933; this was the result of more intensive field operations for the collection of spawn, from natural waters in the vicinity of Owen Sound and Sault Ste. Marie, as well as from our own domesticated stock of breeders. In addition, the Department succeeded in obtaining a small supply of eyed rainbow trout eggs through the courtesy of the Department of Conservation, State of Minnesota. The eggs in question were taken from fall spawners and will be valuable from the standpoint of fish cultural experimentation in our waters. It is reported that this particular strain has a tendency to remain in the waters in which it is planted, grows rapidly and can withstand fairly high temperatures. Consignments of rainbow trout yearlings and fingerlings and brown trout year- lings were introduced into two spring-fed trout lakes in Algonquin Park. A pre- liminary fish planting survey was made, a very large percentage if not all the native trout and coarse fish was removed and the outlets screened before the pond-cultured fish were planted. If successful these plantings will establish a source of supply for the spawn of these species from time to time. These lakes are closed to all fishing and the greatest assistance has been given in the way of pro- tection and in many other useful ways by the Superintendent of the Park and his associates. KAMLOOPS TROUT: The Department succeeded in obtaining a consignment of eyed Kamloops trout eggs through the courtesy of the Department of Fisheries, British Columbia. The Kamloops trout occurs in a number of lakes in the dry belt of British Columbia, — that is Kamloops, Okanogan, Kootenai and other tributaries to the Fraser and Columbia Rivers. This is a very interesting trout of large size, slender in form and graceful in appearance and movement. It resembles its close relative the steel-head, but it is reported that it does not show the same tendency to descend to the sea, preferring to remain permanently in freshwater. It is one of the most popular game-fishes of the interior waters of British Columbia and is taken by trolling with a spoon. Studies reveal that its requirements are in many respects similar to those of speckled trout and results following its introduction to certain trout waters in Ontario will be awaited with considerable interest. OUANANICHE: Through the courtesy of the Fisheries Department of the Province of Quebec, we succeeded in obtaining a small consignment of eyed ouananiche or land-locked salmon eggs. The ouananiche is a relative of the Atlantic salmon, one of the chief centres of its abundance being Lake St. John in the Province of Quebec. It seldom descends to the sea, spending its life-time in fresh water by choice rather than necessity. It spawns in the tributaries to Lake St. John and the report that It spawns on lake trout shoals as well, has not been definitely established. 12 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES LAKE TROUT: There was a slight drop in the total number of eyed eggs, fry and flngerlings of this species distributed in 1934, but the proportionate number of flngerlings dis- tributed was very satisfactory, namely 89 per cent. A drive to increase the quan- tities of fry and fingerlings planted in inland waters met with some success and will be pushed forward as far as economic conditions will permit. WHITEFISH: The quantity of whitefish fry distributed in 1934 was only slightly in excess of that distributed in 1933, but the total distribution in 1934 was only exceeded in 1924, 1927 and 1929. HERRING: There was a decrease in distribution of 5,293,000 herring fry as compared ■with the previous year. Lake herring spawn late in November and in early December and the gales on the lakes during this period prevented successful spawntaking operations to a considerable extent. YELLOW PICKEREL, PIKE-PERCH OR DORE : YelloY/ pickerel spawntaking operations, which for the most part were dis- continued in 1933 on account of financial conditions, were resumed with greater zeal in the spring of 1934, so much so that the distribution exceeded that in 1932 by, approximately, 25,623,000. Satisfactory quantities were planted in game-fish waters. The co-operation of our commerical fishermen on the Great Lakes in connec- tion with the collection of spawn of commercial species was highly commendable and accounts to a very large extent for the successful harvest of various species. BLACK BASS (SMALL-MOUTHED): Although there was a decrease in the number of small-mouthed black bass fry distributed, there was an increase of ten thousand in the fingerling production as compared with the previous year. The culture of this most important game-fish is being extended to the eastern section of the Province. A two-acre pond has been constructed at the outlet of Vv'hlte Lake, Olden Township, Frontenac County. If this venture proves a success, addi- tional poncls may be constructed in that vicinity. LARGE-MOUTHED BLACK BASS: From one small pond devoted to the culture of large-mouthed black bass at Mount Pleasant 35,250 fry and 4,250 fingerlings were successfully distributed. MASKINONGE: For a number of years maskinonge eggs were collected during the spawning season in the Pigeon River, vicinity of Omemee. The eggs were cultured to the fry stage in a small temporary hatchery supplied with water direct from the river. This year a second collecting field was operated at Beaver Creek, Crow Lake, Hastings County and the eggs secured there were cultured in the Belleville Hatchery. Ap- proximately nine hundred and nine thousand fry were distributed or more than seven times the quantity distributed in 1932. Careful experiments were conducted with the object of determining the limiting factors in the culture of this species from the fry to the fingerling stage, and the results of these studies in detail will appear in the Transactions of the American Fisheries Society for 1934. ANNUAL REPORT, 1934 13 Briefly it may be stated that the controlling factors in uiaskinonge culture are two fold, namely: 1. A sufficient supply of suitable live food must be obtainable at all times. 2. The cannibalistic tendencies of the young maskinonge must be overcome. FISH PLANTING SURVEYS: The following fish planting surveys were carried out during the year: WATERS COUNTY Mill Pond (Chepstow) Bowling Green Butler Creek Caldwell Creek White's Creek Salmon Lake Burnt Lake Sheldon Lake Maitland R. (Trib.) Fairy Lake Bowen's Pond Wiggett's Lake Albert's Lake Cold Lake Cranberry Lake Deer River Salmon Lake Silver Lake Silver Lake Creek Sucker Lake Jack's Creek North River Cookstown Creek Pigeon R. (tributary) Breslau Pond Silver Pond Conestoga River (tributary) Black River Edgely Creek Grenadier Pond Massey Creek Sider's Pond Bruce . . . . Dufferin . . Hastings . Haliburton Muskoka . TOWNSHIP Haliburton .... Huron Muskoka Northumberland Peel Peterborough . . Simcoe . . . Victoria . . Waterloo . Wellington York Greenock Amaranth Garafraxa East Mono Amaranth Near St. Ola McClintock & Sherbourne. Franklin and Ridout Lutterworth Howick Beausoliel Island Percy Albion Chandos Harvey and Burleigh Chandos Belmont Cavendish Galway Galway Burleigh Burleigh Belmont W. Gwillimbury Emily Waterloo Wilmot . Peel East Gwillimbury York Whitechurch SANCTUARY SURVEYS Partial or complete closure of bodies of water as bases of supply for replenish- ing other waters, for self-replenishment or for the purpose of building up a properly balanced relationship among all the organisms in a body of water closed in its 14 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES entirety, is being given more and more attention each year in connection with the Department's conyfersdtional activities, and studies are being carried out on waters with such objects in view. CLOSED WATERS The following waters were closed to all fishing during the year for the purpose and for the period specified: Beaver Creek — From Fidlar's Rapids to outlet at the Crow River, Lots 10 and 11, Con- cession 4 and Lots 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15, Concession 5, Township of Marmora, County of Hastings; closed until and including June 30, 1937. Chub Lake — ^Located in the Township of Gould, District of Algoma, closed until January 16, 1936. Deep Bay (Sparrow Lake) — Lots 3 and 4, Concession 13; Lots 2, 3, and 4, Concession 14; Lots 2 and 3, Concession 15; Township of Matchedash, County of Simcoe; closed until July 9th, 1939, for black bass propagation. Jobaminageeshlg Lake — ^Located in the Townships 188 and Gould, District of Algoma; closed until January 16, 1936. Mannheim Creek — From its headwaters to Hallam's dam, flowing through the follow- ing lots, namely 4, 5 and 6, S.R.S.; 2, 3 and 4, B.R.N. ; 2, 3 and 6, B.R.S., and 3, 5 and 6, Concession 1, Township of Wilmot, County of Waterloo; closed until April 30, 1936, for speckled trout propagation. McGowan's Lake — Township of Sherbrooke south. Concession 7, Lots 18 and 19, Lanark County; closed until January 16, 1937, for forage fish pro- pagation. POLLUTION SURVEYS As a result of complaints lodged with the Department, pollution investigations were conducted on Burlington Bay, near Hamilton and the Speed River at Hespeler and Preston. Oxygen depletion during the winter in the waters of Lake Scugog was also investigated. SURVEYS PERTAINING TO DAMS AND OTHER OBSTRUCTIONS The dam at the outlet of Gull Lake on Beaver Creek, Hastings County, was inspected with reference to the practicability of introducing fishways. Obstructions in streams connecting a chain of lakes in the vicinity of Kaladar, Lennox and Addington, were also investigated. BASS HARVESTING SURVEYS Investigations pertaining to the possibility of harvesting bass from the follow- ing waters were conducted, namely. Clear Lake, Haliburton County, and the Salmon River, vicinity of Napanee, Lennox and Addington. ANNUAL REPORT, 1934 15 FISH TAGGING EXPERIMENTS The Branch undertook the tagging of fifty rainbow trout in the vicinity of Owen Sound after spawntaking operations with these had been completed. The fish were not tagged immediately after spawning, but were given some days to recuperate. After being tagged they were released above the dam on the Sydenham River at Owen Sound. A record was kept of the number of the tag appended to each fish, the date, the length of the fish in inches and the sex of each. The object of tagging in this instance was to determine whether rainbow trout will migrate downstream over the dam at Owen Sound during the summer or wliether they remain in the stream above the dam more permanently. LABORATORY STUDIES These may be classified for brevity and convenience into three groups: 1. Taxonomic : This involved identification of fish and other organisms submitted from time to time, 2. Patliolog'ical Problems: Confined to mortality among fish in a state of nature and also those under domestication. The interest, importance and value of fish pathology with the prog- ressive development of fish cultural work cannot be overestimated. 3. Experiments During the year studies v/ere made of the effect of the use of a salt solution (physiological saline) in prolonging life of the sperm and the effect of this on the increased hatchability of trout eggs. Similar experiments were tried out by adding saline solution to the ova during the fertilization process. The results of these studies will appear in the Transactions of the American Fisheries Society for 1934 and the Branch hopes that work of this nature may be continued in order to obtain further knowledge of this very important subject. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In conclusion, I desire to publicly express my appreciation of the assistance and support which has been rendered to the Department throughout the year, and more particularly during the period of my active connection therewith. Our work has been made more pleasant by reason of the assistance and co- operation supplied by the transportation companies and the various Fish and Game Protective Associations, with the members and ofiicers of many of which organiza- tions enjoyable personal contact has been completed to the future advantage of both the Department and the organizations concerned, and which organizations work in conjunction with the Department and its officers in an earnest endeavour to secure proper observance of the provisions of the Game and Fisheries Act for the general improvement of conditions throughout the Province. All of which is respectfully submitted. I am, Sir, Your obedient Servant, D. J. TAYLOR, Deputy Minister of Game and Fisheries. Toronto, April 15, 1935. Ig DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES ANNUAL REPORT, 1934 17 APPENDIX No. 1 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1934. LAEGE^M(^UTHED BLACK BASS FRY Frontenac: Chippego Lake 5,000 Long Lake (Clarendon Tp.) 5,000 Sharbot Lake 1,000 Leeds: Lower Beverley Lake 1,000 Opinecon Lake 1,000 Muskoka: Leach Lake 1,250 Nipissing: Blackwater Lake 5,000 Parry Sound: Bass Lake 5,000 Bell Lake 5,000 Rainy Lake 5,000 Victoria: Stump Lake 1,000 FINGERLINGS Bruce: Lake Isaac Glengarry: St. Lawrence River Muskoka: Saw Lake Parry Sound: Burnt Lake ADULTS York: Grenadier Pond Nidgett's Lake 1,000 1,000 1,250 1,000 172 25 SMAJ.L-MOUTHED BLACK BASS FRY Carleton: Rideau River 10,000 Frontenac: Bobs Lake 10,000 Cross Lake (Kennebec) .... 5,000 Crotch Lake 5,000 Fourteen Island Lake 5,000 Horseshoe Lake 5,000 Long Lake (Barrie) 5,000 Long Lake (Portland) 5,000 Massassagon Lake 10,000 Glengarry: St. Lawrence River 15,000 Grey: Wilder's Lake 5,000 Haliburton: Devil's Lake 5.000 Hurricane Lake (Guilford) . 2,500 (Snowden). 2,500 Hastings: Baptiste Lake 5,000 Jarvis Lake 5,000 Latta's Creek 5,000 Lime Lake 1,000 O'Brien's Lake 5,000 Salmon River 5,000 Lanark: Bennett's Lake 5,000 Christie's Lake 5,000 Nairns Lake 5,000 Otty Lake 10,000 Silver Lake 5,000 Leeds : Charleston Lake 10,000 Indian Lake 5,000 Lennox-Addington : Cedar Lake 5,000 Pringle Lake 5,000 Muskoka: Koshee Lake 1,000 Norfolk: Little Lake 1,000 Northumberland : Trent River 10,000 Parry Sound: Ahmic Lake 5,000 Bain Lake 5,000 Bass Lake (Joly Tp.) 5,000 Bear Lake 5,000 Beaver Lake 5,000 Blackwater Lake 5,000 Blue Lake 5,000 Cecebe Lake 10,000 Commanda Lake 5,000 Doe Lake 5,000 Island Lake 5,000 Jack's Lake 5,000 Lake of Many Islands 5,000 Limestone Lake 5,000 Little Clam Lake 5,000 Little Deer Lake 5,000 Lorimer Lake 10,000 Maple Lake 5,000 Mary Jane Lake 5,000 Mirror Lake 5,000 18 DEPARTMENT OP GAME AND FISHERIES SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1934— Continued. SMALL-MOUTHED BLACK BASS — Continued Otter Lake 5,000 Pickerel Lake 5,000 Portage Lake 5,000 Salmon Lake 5,000 Shawanaga Lake 5,000 Simmons Lake 5,000 Trout Lake 5,000 Turtle Lake 5,000 Prince Edward: Roblins Lake 5,000 Victoria: Cameron Lake 10,000 Little Mud Turtle Lake . . . 5,000 Sturgeon Lake 10,000 Young's Lake 2,500 FINGERLINGS Brant: Big Creek 1,000 Pineliurst Lake 1,250 Reservoir Pond 2,500 Bruce: Burford Lake 1,000 Cameron Lake 1,000 Cyprus Lake 1,000 Gould Lake 1,000 Lake Chesley 1,000 Miller Lake 1,000 Glengarry: St. Lawrence River 1,000 Grey: Lake Connell 1,000 McCullough Lake 1,000 Mountain Lake 1,000 Saugeen River 1,000 Lambton : Sydenham River 1,000 Middlesex: Thames River 2,000 Ontario: Lake St John 1,000 Parry Sound: Magnetawan River 1,000 Simcoe: Lake Couchiching 1,000 Little Lake (Tay Tp.) 1,000 Little Lake (Vespra) 1,000 Wilson's Lake 1,000 Victoria: Balsam Lake Burnt River Mud Lake Pigeon Lake Waterloo: Conestoga River Grand River River Nith Sunfish Lake, Waterloo Dam Wellington: Puslinch Lake York: Lake Simcoe ADULTS Durham : Rowland's Pond (Demonstration) . . . Simcoe: Deep Bay (Sparrow Lake) 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 20 400 M.\SKINONGE FRY Durham: Lake Scugog 75,000 Rice Lake 75,000 HRstin'^'s ! Beaver Creek 50,000 Crow Lake 50,000 Twin Lake 10,000 Northumberland : Trent River 40,000 Peterboro: Belmont Lake 20,000 Clear Lake 15,000 Indian River 10,000 Otonabee River 10,000 Round Lake 20,000 Stoney Lake 75,000 Prince Edward: Bay of Quinte 75,000 Simcoe: Sturgeon Bay 25,000 Victoria: Burnt River 15,000 Fur Farm at Kirkfield 75,000 Pigeon Lake (VerulamT 50,000 Pigeon River (Emily) 75,000 Sturgeon Lake 109,500 St. Larwrence River 35,000 ANNUAL REPORT, 1934 19 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1934— Continued. PERCH PTIY Mitchell's Bay— Lake St. Clair 10,000,000 Lake Erie 85,000,000 PICKEREL FRY Algoma: Desbarats Lake 300,000 Echo Lake and Bay 3,760,000 Keichel Lake 200.000 Mile Two Lake . . . ; 100,000 Otter Tail Lake 150,000 Pipe Lake 200,000 Rock Lake 125,000 St. Mary's River 250,000 Bruce: Arran Lake 100,000 Chesley Lake 50,000 Gould Lake 100,000 Isaac Lake 100,000 Sky Lake 25,000 Carleton: Lake Constance 200,000 Ottawa River 250,000 Dundas: Nation River 100,000 Durham: Rice Lake 1,200,000 Frontenac: Bass Lake (also called Victoria Lake) 50.000 Bobs Lake 250,000 Cross Lake (Kennebec Tp.) 200,000 Cross Lake (Palmerston) . . . 100,000 Crow Lake 100,000 Fifth Depot Lake 100,000 Gull Lake 250,000 Big Gull Lake 250,000 Horeshoe Lake 100,000 Long Lake (Portland Tp.) . . 50,000 Long Lake (Clarenden Tp.) 225,000 Marble Lake 100,000 Massagon Lake 150,000 Salmon River 200,000 Sharbot Lake 700,000 White Lake 150,000 Wolf Lake 500,000 Glengarry: St. Lawrence River 5,450,000 Grey: Mountain Lake 50,000 Saugeen River 250,000 Hastings: Moira Lake 100,000 Moira River 200,000 Park, or Parkers Creek... 50,000 Salmon River 300,000 Kenora: Abram Lake 400,000 Big Vermillion Lake 6,250,000 Eagle Lake 6,000,000 Lac Seul 5,000,000 Lake Lulu 100,000 Lake Wabigoon 500,000 Lake of the Woods 84,580,000 Long Pine Lake 50,000 Lost Lake 500,000 Marchington Lake 1,000,000 Pelican Lake 1,000,000 Stanzhikimi Lake 1,000,000 Upper Manitou Lake 250,000 Lanark: Christie Lake 100,000 Clyde River 150,000 Dalhouse Lake 200,000 Kerr's Lake 25,000 Mississippi River 500,000 Pike Lake 100,000 Robertson's Lake 50,000 Leeds: Opinecon Lake 100,000 Rideau Lakes 2,000,000 Sand Lake 100,000 Lennox/Addington : Bass Lake 250,000 South Beaver Lake 50,000 White Lake 100,000 Manitoulin : Kagawong Lake 250,000 Mindemoya Lake 1,000,000 Tobacco Lake 200,000 Muskoka: Deer Lake 50,000 Island Lake 500,000 Joseph Lake 500,000 Koshee Lake 150,000 Leonard Lake 50,000 McCrea's Lake 100,000 Muskoka Lake 750,000 Riley Lake 50,000 Rosseau Lake 600,000 Three Mile Lake 150,000 Nipissing: Basin Lake 50,000 Caribou Lake 200,000 Christy Lake 50,000 Marten Lake 200,000 Net Lake 100,000 Nipissing Lake 2,000.000 Nosbonsing Lake 200,000 20 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1934— Continued. PICKEEEL— Continued Red Cedar Lake 200,000 Talon Lake 200,000 Tilden Lake 200,000 Trout Lake 250,000 Turtle Lake 150,000 Wassing, or Wistowasing Lake 50,000 White Bear Lake 50,000 Wickstead Lake 100,000 Wilson Lake 150,000 Northumberland : Crow Bay 300,000 Crow River 300,000 McKenzie Channel 200,000 Rutherford's Cove 100,000 Trent River 2,200,000 Ontario: Frenchmen's Bay 200,000 Lake St. John 200,000 Parry Sound: Ahmic Lake 250,000 Cecebe Lake 200,000 Commanda Lake 200,000 Crooked Lake 100,000 Doe Lake 150,000 Georgian Bay 6,025,000 Isabella Lake 250,000 Jack's Lake 50,000 Kashagacagamog Lake .... 150,000 Lake Bain 25,000 Little Deer Lake 200,000 Long Lake 50,000 Loon Lake 100,000 Magnetawan River 250,000 Manitowaba Lake 150,000 McKeown's Lake 25,000 Mill Lake 100,000 Oastler's Lake 25,000 Owl Lake 50,000 Pickerel Lake 100,000 Restoule Lake 125,000 Ruthe Lake 100,000 Ryan's Lake 100,000 Stanley Lake 100,000 Stewart's Lake 50,000 Stormy Lake 100,000 Peel: Credit River 200,000 Peterboro: Belmont Lake 200,000 North River 50,000 Otonabee River 250,000 Prince Edward: Bay of Quinte 8,125,000 East Lake 250,000 Wellers Bay 250,000 West Lake 250,000 Rainy River: Beaverhouse Lake 100,000 Clearwater Lake 500,000 Quill Lake 250,000 Rainy Lake 67,300,000 Red Gut Bay 2,000,000 Russell: Castor River 150,000 Renfrew: Aird's Lake 25,000 Cushene Lake 100,000 Ferguson Lake 50,000 Madawaska River 250,000 Pine Lake 100,000 Stevenson Lake 50,000 Whitefish Lake 100,000 Simcoe: Cook's Lake 50,000 Lake Couchiching 1,000,000 Gloucester Pool 250,000 Severn River 300,000 Sudbury: Charles Lake 25,000 Charles Billies Lake 50,000 Cross Lake 100,000 French River 250,000 LaCloche Lake 50,000 Little Lake Penage 150,000 Long Lake 200,000 Maple Lake 100,000 Minisinakwa Lake 250,000 Poulin Lake 30,000 Ramsay Lake 150,000 Snobby Lake 100,000 Spanish Lake 100,000 Spanish River 500,000 Wahnapitae Lake 250,000 Thunder Bay: Cordingley Lake 150,000 Lake Nipigon 2,850,000 Lake Shebandowan 2,000,000 Sapawa Lake 100,000 Temiskaming: Barber's Bay 200,000 Bay Lake 200,000 Big Water Lake 100,000 Chain Lake 25,000 Lake Timagami 2,000,000 Lake Temiskaming 250,000 Metagami River 200,000 Mortimer Lake 50,000 Mud Lake 50,000 O'Brien Lake 25,000 Reid Lake 50,000 Sesekinika Lake 200,000 Victoria Lake 25,000 Wilson Lake 50,000 ANNUAL REPORT, 1934 21 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1934— Continued. PICKEREL— Continued Victoria : Balsam Lake 250,000 Big Mud Turtle Lake 75,000 Mud Lake 50,000 Trent Canal 500,000 Young's Lake 50,000 Great Lakes: Lake Huron 29,900,000 Lake Superior 5,800,000 North Channel 500,000 PICKEREL EGGS Muskoka: SparroTV' Lake (hatchery) . . 5,000,000 BROWN TROUT FINGERLINGS Brant: Branch Creek 1,000 Whiteman's Creek 10,000 Bruce: Formosa Spring Creek .... 3,000 Formosa Pond 2,000 Vogt's Creek 5,000 Carleton : Mississippi River 10,000 Dufferin: Bowling Green River 2,000 Durham: Cavan Creek 5,000 Elgin: Otter River 5,000 Grey: Saugeen River 5,000 Sydenham River 2,000 Halton: Sixteen Mile Creek 5,000 Muskoka: Hoc Roc River 5,000 Rosseau River 5,000 Sage Creek 5,000 Shadow River 5,000 Sharp's Creek 5,000 Skeleton Lake 5,000 Northumberland : Shelter Valley Creek 5,000 Peel: Humber River 5,000 Peterboro: Baxter Creek Oak Lake Temiskaming: Larder Lake Waterloo: Fisher Mill Dam . . . Ganagerergue Creek Grand River Speed River 5,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 3,000 14,000 1,000 YEARLINGS AND ADULTS Durham: Ganaraska River 689 Fj^ntenac : Loughboro Lake 1,000 Nipissing: Brewer Lake 10,000 Ontario: Glenhodson Ponds 3,500 LAKE TROUT FRY Frontenac : Camp Lake Crow Lake Devil Lake Grindstone Lake Little Massassagon Lake . Marie Lake Schooner Lake Sharbot Lake Trout Lake Haliburton: Bob Lakes Boskung Lake Buck Lake Clearwater Lake Davis Lake Drag Lake East Lake Fletcher Lake Gull Lake Haliburton Lake Hollow Lake Kushog Lake Little Boskung Lake .... Long Lake Maple Lake McFadden Lake Mis-Qua-Se-Nish Lake . . . Oxtongue Lake Paudash Lake Raven Lake Skin Lake 5,000 15.000 15,000 15,000 15,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 20,000 10.000 20,000 10,000 10,000 10.000 20,000 5,000 15,000 25,000 25.000 25,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 15,000 10,000 10.000 15.000 10,000 5,000 5,000 22 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OP FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1934— Continued. LAKE TROUT— Continued Soyer's Lake 15,000 Spruce Lake 10,000 Twelve Mile Creek 10,000 AVhite Trout Lake 10,000 Hastings: Bass Lake 10,000 Bay Lake 5.000 Clear Lake (Lake Tp.) 5,000 Clear Lake (Dungannon Tp.) 15,000 Eagle Lake 15,000 Horseshoe Lake 10,000 Jamieson Lake 15,000 Kaminiskeg Lake 15,000 Lake St. Peter 15,000 Lakeview Lake 5,000 L'Amable Lake 5,000 Lavelle Lake 5,000 McGary Lake 5,000 Papineau Lake 10,000 Salmon Lake 20,000 West Lake 5,000 Kenora : Abram Lake 25,000 Hawk Lake 25,000 Marcliington Lake 25,000 Thunder Lake 15.000 Leeds: Red Horse Lake 15,000 Rideau Lakes 100,000 Lennox-Addington : Indian Lake 5,000 Puzzle Lake 15,000 Muskoka : Big Clear Lake 5,000 Lake of Bays 100,000 Lake Vernon 20,000 Skeleton Lake 10,000 Trading Lake 50,000 Nipissing: Aylen Lake 10,000 Peterboro: Swamp Lake 10,000 Renfrew: Barry's Bay 10,000 Black Fish Bay 5,000 Carson's Lake 10,000 Green Lake 10,000 Long Lake 10,000 McMaster Lake 10,000 Pough Lake 10,000 Round Lake 15,000 Trout Lake 5,000 Wadsworth Lake 15,000 Sudbury: Lake Louisa 5,000 Lake Penage ... 30,000 Victoria: Birch Bark Lake 5,000 York: Lake Simcoe 100,000 LAKE TROUT-ETED EGGS Scientific Purposes 2,000 Hatchery at Bedford, N.S 100,000 Hatchery at Vermont, U.S.A... 200,000 Hatchery at Banff, Alta 100,000 FINGERLINGS Algoma: Achigan Lake 30.000 Basswood Lake 35,000 Chub Lake 15,000 Clear Lake (182-188 Tp.) . . 35,000 Clear Lake (Shedden Tp.) . . 10,000 Cooper Lake 10,000 Duborne Lake 20,000 Hawk Lake 20,000 Hobon Lake 20,000 Jobammeghia Lake 25,000 Little Pickerel Lake 5,000 McCarroll Lake 5,000 Moose Lake 10,000 Patton Lake 15,000 Red Deer Lake 10,000 Sand Lake 50,000 Trout Lake— 24-R.13 25,000 Kenora: Big Vermillion Lake 7,700 Dogtooth Lake 50,000 Lake of the Woods 300,000 Upper Manitou Lake 25,000 Parry Sound: Georgian Bay 3,894,000 Rainy River District: Steeprock Lake 50,000 Thunder Bay: Coandawango Lake 5,000 Lake Nipigon 200,000 Great Lakes: Lake Huron 4,967,000 North Channel 1,275,000 Lake Superior 2,931,750 ANNUAL REPORT, 1934 2a SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1934— Continued. RALXBOW TROUT EGGS Experimental purposes . . . . FRY Thunder Bay District: Current River FINGERLINGS Algoma: Agawa River Mississagua River . . .' Montreal River Snowshoe Creek St. Mary's River WTiite River Dufferin: Pine River Grey: ^ Sydenham River Hastings: Trout Lake Leeds: Grippea Lake Muskoka: Streams between Lake Joseph and Lake Muskoka Nipissing: Costello Lake Parry Sound: Commanda Creek Renfrew: Constant Creek Horton Lake Simcoe: Coldwater River Lake Simcoe Stoney Creek Sturgeon River Sudbury: French River Nellie Lake . Nelson River Wahnapitae Lake Windy Creek YEARLINGS Algoma: Island Lake 1,000 4,480 7,000 10,000 12,000 10,000 382 5,000 2,000 50.000 15,000 3.000 35,130 25,000 10,000 4,500 500 2,000 6,000 2,000 25,000 33,000 15,000 5,000 30,000 5,000 500 Traynor Lake 500 Muskoka : Indian River 2,200 Nipissing: Costello Lake 1 0,600 Peterboro: Lanes Lake 450 Loon Lake 50 Sudbury: Maple Lake 1,600 Thunder Bay District: Lake Shebandowan 1,380 Waterloo: Fisher Mill Dam 1,000 York: Brough Creek 2,000 Lake Simcoe 4,734 SPECKLED TROUT FINGERLINGS Addington : Long Lake 5,000 Trout Lake 10,000 White Lake 10,000 Algoma : Achigan Lake 15,000 Agawa River 50,000 Alva Lake 10,000 Anjigami Creek 10,000 Bagley Creek 10,000 Beaver Creek 25,000 Bone Lake 2,000 Boundry Lake 5,000 Boyles Creek 3,000 Broad Lake 5,000 Bull Creek (Thompson) 5,000 Bull Creek (175-176) 5,000 Caldwell Lake 5,000 Centre Lake 2.500 Chippewa River 55,000 Chub Lake 15,000 Clearwater Creek 2,000 Deer Lake 3,000 Evans Lake 5,000 Lake Franklin 10,000 Goulais River 50,000 Gravel River 10,000 Green Lake 20,000 Hackle Lake 2,000 Harmony River 25,000 Havilah Lake 5,000 Hawk Lake 15,000 Haynes Lake 3,000 Hoath's Lake 2,500 24 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1934— Continued. SPECKLED TEOUT— Continued Hobon Lake 15,000 Hubert Lake 10,000 Island Lake 5,000 Jackfish River 10,000 Jimmy Lake 3,000 Kennedy Lake 2,500 Known Lake 3,000 Lafoe Creek 10,000 Larry Lake 3,000 Lauzon Lake 5,000 Long Lake (Duncan) 2,000 Long Lake (Mededith) 5,000 Loon Lake (Desroche) .... 15,000 Loon Lake (24-R-13) 10,000 Loon Lake (Kirkwood) 10,000 Loonskin Lake 15,000 Lower Lake 2,500 Masbagami Lake 5,000 Michipicoten River 25,000 Mile 58 Lake 5,C00 Mongoose Lake 15,000 Moore Lake 15,000 Mountain Lake (McMahon) . 5,000 Mountain Lake 15,000 Mud Creek 5,000 Mud Lake 5,000 McCormack Lake 5,000 McGrath Lake 5,000 McCreigbt's Lake 15,000 McKinnon Creek 5,000 McVeigb's Creek 20,000 Newt Lake 5,000 Patton Lake 10,000 Peak Lake Creek 5,000 Pearl Creek 5.000 P. Line Creek 5,000 Pine Lake 5,000 Pinkney Lake 10,000 Rocky Island Lake 5,000 Root River 25,000 Sand River 15,000 Scarbo Lake 6,000 Sbipman Dam 5,000 Silver Creek 25,000 Silver Lake 5,000 Speckled Trout Brook 2,500 Speckled Trout Lake (a8-R-16) 10,000 Speckled Trout Lake (1-A/) 5,000 Spruce Lake 10,000 Summitt Lake 5,000 Tamarack Lake 5,000 Tawabinasay Lake 15,000 Triple Lake 5,000 Trout Lake (a4-R-12) 3,000 Trout Lake (Montgomery) . 5,000 Twin Lakes (176) >. 3,000 Twin Lakes (Jarvis) 5,000 Unnamed Lake (Aweres Tp.) 2,000 Upper Twin Lake 5,000 Victoria Creek 25,000 Wallace Lake 5,000 Wartz Lake 10,000 White River 10,000 Windermere River 5,000 Woods Creek 15,000 Bruce: Chepstow Creek 5,000 Colpoy's Creek 10,000 Deer Creek 10,000 Foster Moffatt Creek 10,000 Mullin's Pond 3,000 Sparrows Creek 2,000 Spring Creek 20,000 Willow Creek 15,000 Dufferin: Butler Creek 7,200 Pine River 15,000 White's Creek 3,000 Durham: Arnott Creek 20,000 Cavan Creek 80,000 Cedar Spring 1,000 Cedar Spring Creek 5,000 Gardner Pond 7,500 Heydon Stream 25,000 McNeill Creek 5,000 Mount Pleasant Creek 28,000 Orono Creek 5,000 Thompson's Creek 5,000 Elgin: Ball Creek 5,000 Buck Creek 2,000 Goodwillie Creek 2,000 Wolfe Creek 2,500 Frontenac: Black Creek 15,000 Grindstone Lake 15,000 M^cCausland Lake 15,000 Sharbot Lake Creek 5,000 Trout Lake 30,000 Grey: Beaver River 10,000 Bell Lake 5,000 Bell's Creek 5,000 Big Head River 75,000 Bothwell Creek 3,000 Boyes Lake 7,000 Camps Creek 10,000 Eugenia Creek (Hydro w-aters) 15,000 Mill Dam (also called McGuire's dam) 6,315 Mearn's Creek 3,000 New Creek 23,000 Oxenden Creek 5,000 Pepper Creek 5,000 Priddle's Spring Creek 5,000 Saugeen River 65,000 Sheppard's Lake 10,000 Silver Creek 5,000 Stadacona Creek 5,000 ANNUAL REPORT, 1934 25 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1934— Continued. SPECKLED TROUT— Continued Sydenham River Williams Lake Haliburton: Bear Creek Blue Lake Dutton Lake Eagle Lake East River Fletcher Bay Hawk River . Holland's Creek Hollow River Hollow Lake McCue Creek Oblong River Otter Lake Pacey's Creek Percy Lake Ross Lake Slipper Lake Wolf Lake Hastings: Brett's Lake , Diamond Lake Echo Lake Egan Creek Hinges Lake Lake St. Peter , Robinson's Creek .... Huron: Blyth Creek Spring Creek Stoney Creek Manitoulin : Grimsthorpe Creek . . Hare's Creek Manitou River Mills Creek Silver Stream Muskoka: Axels Lake Beaver Creek Bella Lake Big East River Black Creek Bradley's Creek Buck Lake Clear Lake (McLean) Clear Lake (Oakley) Cooper's Lake Doley's Creek Dotty Lake Echo Lake Gartersnake Lake . . . Gipsy Bells Creek . . Grindstone Lake .... Holinshead Creek . . . Hughes Creek 65,000 20,000 5,000 8,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 25,000 3,000 5,000 20,000 50,000 15,000 5,000 10,000 20,000 10,000 8,000 25,000 15,000 5,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 35,000 25,000 10,000 1,000 5,000 3,000 5,000 2,500 50,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 7,000 30,000 50,000 25,000 5,000 25,000 5,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 25,000 10,000 15,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 5,000 Lake of Bays 50,000 Little East River 50,000 Long Lake (Cardwell) 10,000 Long Lake (Ridout) 10,000 May's Creek 5,000 Muskoka River 300,000 Oxtongue River 45,000 Pine Lake (Oakley) 5,000 Rebecca Creek 25,000 Red Chalk Lake 15,000 Round Lake 7,000 Shoe Lake 10,000 Skeleton Lake 30,000 Spring Creek 15,000 Walker's Lake 25,000 Wasiosa Lake 15,000 Wolf Lake 5,000 Nipissing: Billy's Lake 5,000 Cauchon Lake 10,000 Cedar Lake 50,000 Chippewa Creek 10,000 Clear Lake 10,000 Doran's Creek 10,000 Duchene Creek 20,000 Four Mile Lake 20,000 Grand Lake 25,000 Kioshkoqui Lake 20,000 Long Lake 5,000 North River 35,000 Otter Lake 10,000 Oxbow Lake 25,000 Oxtongue River 15,000 Red Rock Lake 5,000 St. Andrew's Lake 15,000 Tasso Lake 25,000 Trout Lake 15,000 Norfolk: Springdale Creek 2,000 Venison Creek 15,000 Northumberland : Baltimore Creek 20,000 Beaman Creek 3,000 Black's Creek 20,000 Bowan's Pond 2,000 Burnley Stream 45,000 Colborne Creek 5,000 Dartford Creek 35,000 Duncan Creek 7.000 Indian Trout Creek 10,000 Little Cole Creek 5,000 McCombs Creek 15,000 Quinn Creek 4,000 Salt Creek 30,000 Sandy Flats Creek 30.000 Valleau's Creek 5,000 Woodland Creek 35,000 Ontario: Chubtown Creek 20,000 Hodson's Creek 2,000 McLean's Creek 7,000 26 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1934— Continued. SPECKLED TROUT— Continued Oxford: Sutherland's Pond 2,500 Parry Sound: Barrett's Creek 5,000 Bass Lake 3000 Bay Lake 15,000 Beatty Creek 15,000 Beggsboro Creek 15,000 Black Creek 5,000 Big Clam Lake 5,000 Butterfield's Creek 3,000 Cashman's Creek 5,000 Commanda Creek 5,000 Deer Lake 5,000 Distress River 5,000 Eagle Lake 25,000 Forest Lake 10,000 Fullrod's Creek 5,000 Hanrahan's Creek 10,000 Hughes Lake 10,000 James Creek 10,000 Long Lake Stream 5,000 Loon Lake Creek 10,000 Lynx Lake 5,000 Magnetawan River 40,000 Mink Lake 5,000 Murphy's Creek 5,000 Nishishing Creek 5,000 Paisley Lake 5,000 Pickerel River 15,000 Rainy Lake Creek 10,000 Rat Lake 5,000 Ragged Creek 10,000 Roussell Creek 15,000 South River 10,000 Sterling Creek 5,000 Stoney Lake 20,000 Three Mile Lake 20,000 Trout Creek 5,000 Trout Creek 5,000 Trout Lake (Patton Tp.) . . . 5,000 Peel: Credit River 16,000 Perth: Maitland River 2,500 Peterboro: Bethel's Creek 2,500 Carver's Creek 15,000 Eel's Creek 50,000 Ouse River 40,000 Plato Creek 15,000 Prince Edward: Warren's Creek 15,000 Rainy River: Atitkokan River 15,000 Renfrew: Brennan Lake ... 10.0*^0 Burns Lake 10.000 Byers Creek 5,000 Christink Lake 10,000 Constant Creek 5,000 Corrigan Creek 5,000 Crutch Lake 16,000 Dam Lake Creek 10,000 Dominic Lake 3,000 Green Lake 10,000 Jacks Lake 5,000 Mill Creek 10,000 Nadeau Creek 10,000 Twohey's Lake Creek 2,500 Simcce: Avon Creek 5,000 Bennett Pond 8,000 Beyer's Creek 2,500 Black Creek 10,000 Coldwater River 25,000 Conn Creek 1,000 Gallaugher Creek 4,000 Lister's Creek 3,000 Oro Creek 7,000 Shelden Creek 10,000 Silver Creek 10,000 Spring Creek 1,000 Stoney Creek 5,000 Taffy Creek 3,000 Virtue Creek 3,500 Sudbury: Bertrand Lake 5,000 Nelson River 15,000 Poulin Creek 10,000 Spring Lake Creek 5,000 Veuve's Creek 10,000 Windy Creek 3,000 Thunder Bay: Allen Lake 10,000 Anderson Lake 5,000 Anderson's Creek 3,000 Bass Lake 5,000 Bear Lake 2,000 Birch Beach Creek 2,000 Bowler Lake 1,000 Brulu Creek 15,000 Cavers Lake 10,000 Cedar Creek 15,000 Cold Creek 10,000 Coldwater River 42,228 Corbett's Creek 25,000 Cousineau's Lake 20,000 Current River 70,000 Deception Lake 10,000 Fall Lake 5,000 Florence Lake 3,000 Golden Gate Lake 1,000 Gravel Lake 5,000 Gulch Lake 5,000 Kaministiquia River 20,000 Keemle Lake 10,000 ANNUAL REPORT, 1934 27 SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL WATERS, 1934— Continued. SrECKLED TROUT— Continued Kowkash River 25,000 Long Lake 5,000 Loon Creek 1,000 Loon Lake 25,000 Lost Lake (McTavish) 3,000 Miner Lake 5,000 Mirror Lake 5,000 Mountain Lake 3,000 McGregor Lake 10,000 Mclntyre Creek 35,000 Mclntyre River 45,000 McKenzie River 50,000 McVicar's Creek 25,000 Neebing River 15,000 Nipigon River 400,000 Nipigon Lake 230.000 Pearl River 40.000 Pickerel Lake 10,000 Pitch Creek 20,000 Pratt Lake 3,000 Rainbow Lake 5,000 Ring Lake 1,000 Silver Creek 2,000 Spring Creek 10,000 Squaw River 25,000 Strawberry Creek 3,000 Trout Lake (Gorham Tp.) . . 25,000 Trout Lake (Ware) 20,000 Twin Lakes (Lower) 10,000 Twin Lakes (Upper) 10,000 Upper Pass Lake 5,000 Walker's Lake 15,000 Warden Lake 2,500 White Sand Lake 5,000 Whitewood Creek 25,000 Wigan Lake 3,000 Wolf River 10,000 Temiskaming: Charlebois Lake 5,000 Childs Lake 5,000 Coutt's Lake 5,000 Croft's Creek 10,000 Crystal Lake 10,000 Dandurant Creek 10,000 Frere Lake 10,000 Fuller's Creek 15,000 Gomo Creek 1,000 Grassy River 20,000 Gull River 5,000 Halfway Lake 5,000 Hill's Lake 3,000 Hooker Creek l.'j.OOO Legare Creek 10,000 Matagami River 15.000 Mclntyre Pond 2,500 Munro Lake 5,000 Ramsbottom Creek 20,000 Red Squirrel River 5,000 Red Sucker Creek 15,000 Shaw's Creek 10,000 Small Spot Creek 10,000 St. Anthony Creek 7,000 Tamarack Creek 10,000 Temagami Lake 50,000 Watabeag Lake 20,000 Water Hen Creek 5,000 Victoria: Stream running into Pigeon River 1,000 Waterloo: Bamberg Creek 15,000 Erbsville Creek 10,000 Jedborough Dam 3,000 Mannheim Creek 10,000 Mill Creek 15,000 Welland: Effringham Stream 3,000 Sulphur Springs 3,000 Wentworth : Gallagher's Creek 1,000 York: Ashton's Creek 5,000 Edgley Creek 5,000 Sider's Creek 2,000 Private Waters 8,524 YEARLINGS Algoma: Batchewana River 2,000 Clear Lake 2,000 Garden River 2,000 McCreight's Dam 2,000 Pine Lake 1,000 Sand Lake 2,000 Serpent River 2,000 Speckled Trout Creek 2,000 Muskoka: Lake of Bays 1,500 Ontario: Hodson's Creek 2,000 Sale and Demonstration 4,749 Thunder Bay: Harris Lake 1,000 Hogan's Lake 1,000 Lost Lake 1,000 Mirror Lake 8,013 Warden Lake 500 ADULTS Algoma: Grey Duck Lake 255 Root River 900 Ontario: Hodson's Creek 250 Lake Superior 247 28 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES SPECIES AND QUANTITIES OF FISH PLANTED IN PROVINCIAL. WATERS, 1934— Continued. WHITEFISH FRY Kenora: Lake of Bays 1,000,000 Lake of the Woods 22,000,000 Eagle Lake 1,000,000 Marchington Lake 1,000,000 Stanzihikimi Lake 1,000,000 Parry Sound: Georgian Bay 75,130,000 Prince Edward: Bay of Quinte 126,840,000 Rainy River: Rainy Lake 13,665,000 Red Gut Bay 1,000,000 Thunder Bay: Lake Nipigon 5,000,000 Sturgeon Lake 1,000,000 Wentworth : Lake Ontario 29,500,000 Great Lakes: Lake Erie 67,242,000 Lake Huron 23,000,000 North Channel 1,500,000 Lake Superior 6,900,000 HERRING FRY Frontenac: Sharbot Lake 500,000 White Lake 500,000 Hastings: Baptiste Lake 500,000 Leeds: Charleston Lake 500,000 Newboro Lake 500,000 Rideau Lakes 1,500,000 Peterboro: Loon Lake (Chados) 250,000 Prince Edward: Bay of Quinte 3,260,000 Great Lakes: Lake Erie 10,002,000 GOLDEN SHINERS Frontenac: Cross Lake Prince Edward: Lake on the Mountain. 5,000 2,000 ANNUAL REPORT, 1934 29 APPENDIX No. 2 SPECKLED TROUT DISTRIBUTION, 19 3 4 Length in inches Quantity 1 inch to 21/2 inches 3,8 76,200 2iX inches to 3 inches 1,480,752 3 inches 600,000 3y2 inches 156,315 3 inches to 6 inches 13,000 4 inches 144,000_ 4 inches to 9 inches 19,5'38 6 inches to 14 inches 3,876 TOTAL 6,293,681 APPENDIX No. 3 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH ACCORDING TO SPECIES — 1932, 1933 and 1934 193: 1933 1934 Large-mouthed | Black Bass — Fry | Fingerlings Yearlings and adults. . | Small-mouthed ] Black Bass — Fry 1 Fingerlings ! Yearlings and adults. . 1 I Maskinonge — Fry i i Perch — Fry | Pickerel — Eyed Eggs I Frv I I Brown Trout — Fingerlings I Yearlings ! Adults I I Lake Trout — Eyed Eggs Fry i Fingerlings I I Rainbow Trout — Eyed Eggs I Fry I Fingerlings ' Yearlings I •I Speckled Trout — Eyed Eggs ' Fry I Fingerlings I Yearlings I Adults I I Whitefish — Fry I I Herring — Eyed Eggs Fry I I Golden Shiners — I 112,00'0 I 4,788 I 856 24 I 588,000 i 545,000 29,400 1 25,750 7,948 I 3,471 I 115,000 ! I { i 1,000,000 I 256,846,500 | 20,500,000 I 628,060 I 483.016 1,100 I 674 I 150,000 I 20t),000 3,021.000 I 1.400,'000 13,237,800 I 16,012,700 I I 216,235*1 2 7,016 23.400 I 506,000 256, 50t) I 725,000 4,634,889 | 5,950,255 144,512 I 28,237 2,815 1 1,549 229,035,000 | 372,111,000 I 100,000 ' 75,000,000 I 22,805,000 I 1,400 I 585,156,371 I 441,325,524 35,250 4,250 197 365,500 35,750 420 909, 50t) 95,000,000 5,000,000 278,470.000 138,000 14,500 689 402.000 1.265,000 14,045,450 1.000 4,48.0. 312.512 25,014 6,257,267 34,762 1,652 376,777,000 17,512,000 7,000 796,619,193 *Fry and Fingerlings DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES 28 APPEN] K GAME AND FISHEE Statistics of the Fishing Industry in the Public Wa District No. of Men Tugs No. Tons Value Gasoline Launches No. Value Sail and row boats No. Value Gill nets Yards Va Kenora and Rainy River Districts. Lake Superior North Channel Georgian Bay Lake Huron Lake St. Clair (with St. Clair and Detroit Rivers) Lake Erie Lake Ontario Sundry Inland Waters Totals 4961 2 278| 9 1541 7 470| 20 393| 19 382| 1481 5181 514 54 44 151 157 153 9171 6561 778| 229. 8 6, 152 33, 600| ,500| ,5001 ,5001 ,3001 5001 500| 0001 135 \i 44 I 34 I 116 I 115 I 50 197 196 35 60,025 24,235 30.085 82,645 77,415 12,070 177,575 79,580 15,980 4,125|102 I 2,5001 $ 677,4001 922 I $559,610 2201 661 55 95 38 86| 170 177 162 7,168| $ 4,4151 4.6601 8,910 2,151 3,515 10.615! 5,851] 6,4931 I I 319,7261$ 734.670! 331,9901 ,170,000 997,090 ,400,345! n 936,3651 8 205,1251 2 $ 53,778!$ 6.095,311!$ 67 I I APPEN] QUANTITIES District Herring Whitefish Trout Pike Pickerel (Blue) Pickc (Dor lbs. lbs. Kenora and Rainy River Districts . . Lake Superior North Channel Georgian Bay Lake Huron Lake St. Clair (with St. Clair and Detroit Rivers) Lake Erie Lake Ontario Sundry Inland Waters 1.749,9091 1.1341 3.4141 269,4251 236,234 609.0941 6,9111 560,8221 295,2371 252.903 1,382,929 308.939 50 915,934! 489,453 716.729 lbs. 101 1,260, 626 1,330 1.562 I I 261! 708! ,720! ,895! ,2751 I 2 256 154 6471 ,183! .485! lbs. I ! 699.878! 5,5771 69,6141 , 64.2821 2,860! I 17.597! 19,940! 140,400! 75,763! lbs. I .\h'. 41,792! 61 281 1,373 6931 2,297.878! 67.553! 22,770 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2.S7S.1211 4.922.9961 5.295.1741 1.095.9111 2.432.093! 2.2 ' 1 i i 1 1 Values 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 $143,806.05' $541, 529. 56!$582,469.14| $65,754.66! $121,604,651 $252, 1 III' 1 ANNUAL REPORT, 1934 31 NO. 4 DEPARTMENT, ONTARIO of Ontario, for the Year Ending December 31st, 1934. MENT Seine Nets Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip and Roll Nets NiRht Lines Spears Freezers & Ice Houses Piers and Wharves Total Value No. Yards Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Hooks Value No. Value No. Value No. Value 1 1 21 $ 6.415 1 161 1 $ 690 1 1 1 1 1 1171$ 25.6501 951$ 1 11,3051 $ 158.226 38 13,525 1 1 40| 15.9001 36! 7,4551 190,440 104 39.499 1 1 1 8 42 36 13.5151 261 13,3801 185,721 5 900 770 75 56,875 31 657 24.216 2,4051 23 106 47 26.0251 451 26,3451 467.852 110 57,550 1 2 14,604| 1.262 72 28,3151 301 14,0151 457,080 4.51 9,450 4,463] 127 12,495 3 450 3,0001 165 271 7.2501 15 2,4551 42,863 4'j[ 13.205 8,410 5991 300,210 18 480 1 3! 2.400( 108 1071 140,3801 82| 32,5801 1,076,394 7| 826 420 1 561 15.671 11 146 3.7001 201 321 7.890 251 3,440| 209,602 60| 9.046 6,425 381 5,560 1 1211 1 3,278 1 34 116 6,S85| 431 1 164 820 1 46| 8,960| 15j 1,980] 103,840 1 166 1 33,427 $20,488 1 1,112 $492,129 1 1 7501521.2261 1 1 47 1 1 1 $ 267i 54.805|$4,572| 1 1 1 III II 1 1951$ 968 |524|S273,885i369i$112,955!$2,893.018 III II 1 No. 5 FISH TAKEN Sturgeon Eels Perch Tullibee Catfish Carp Mixed Coarse Caviare Total Value lbs. 15,272] 9041 . 13. 254] . 1,242] . 7,3851 . I 9,2841 . 24.812] 3.472| 14.259 ] lbs. ] lbs. 2,304 51,744 9,602 15,013 6,959] 2,458] 147,923] ] 42,7151 . 5,671,024] 118,228] . 14.2211 lbs. 1 99.566] 406.9881 44,6321 183,110] 220, 994^ 149,868] 12.153 18 3,065 469 24,348 71,949 168,515 76,148' lbs. 465 610 81 316 ,120] 273] ,780] 364] ,002] ,982] ,257] ,557] ,513] 1 lbs. I 1 1S3.192I 201,169! 202,616] 74,965] 287,323] I 261,826] ,354,3551 244.730] 351,0531 lbs. 5631 ....I 131 239] 5161 241] 734] lbs. I 3,059,179] 3.988,1411 1.292.917] 3.150.5891 3,097,9901 854.9121 11.500.7761 2.259.525! 2.028.948] $282,911.99 297.224.62 123.561.60 326.083.09 283.763.80 43.827.40 632.414.49 163.245.10 163,933.41 89,8841 63,650 6,018.5411 1,105,1581 356,665 2,6231 31.232,977! $35,953,601 $4,455.50] $300,927.05! $66,309.4SI $28,533.20' $76,042,401 $94,836.87] $2,613.00] I I I I I I I I $2,316,965.50 32 DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISHERIES APPENDIX No. 6 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE YIELD OF THE FISHERIES OF ONTARIO *Net Increase Kind 1933 1934 Increase Decrease 1 Pounds Herring | 2,365,646 Whitefish | 4,727,905 Trout 4,653,715 Pounds 2,876,121 4,922,996 5,295,174 1,095,911 2,432,093 2,292,094 89,884 63,650 6,1018,541 1,105,158 356,665 1,520,848 3,161,229 2,613 510,475 195,091 641,459 96,229 2,9V5',825 2'5V,638 378,520 202 Pike 1,310,089 214,178 1,784,312 15,855 11,869 ' 9'5'2',7i4 58,081 Pickerel (Blue)..] 4.216.405 Pickerel (Dore) | 2,195,865 Sturgeon | 106,739 Eels 1 75,519 Perch 1 3,032,716 Tullibee ......... 2,057,872 Catfish ...':. /.'. . 414,746 Carp 1,261,810 Mixed and Coarse 2,78 2,709 Caviare 2,411 TOTALS 1 29,203,147 31,232,977 *2, 029, 830 APPENDIX No. 7 STATEMENT OF YIELD OF THE FISHERIES OF ONTARIO 1934 KIND Quantity Pounds Price per Pound Estimated Value Herring , Whitefish Trout Pike Pickerel (blue) . . Pickerel (dore) . . Sturgeon Eels I^erch Tullibee Catfish Carp , Mixed and Coarse Caviare 6,121 2,996 5,174 5,911 2,093 2,094 9,884 3,65'0 8,541 5,158 6,665 0,848 1,229 2.613 .05 .11 .11 .06 .05 .11 .40 .07 .05 .06 .08 .05 .•03 l.O'O 143,806.05 541,529.56 582,469.14 65,754.66 121,604.65 252,130.34 35,953.60 4,455.5'0 300,927.05 66,309.48 28,533.20 76,042.40 94,836.87 2,613.00 TOTALS 31,232,977 $2,316,965.50 Increase $130,881.76 APPENDIX No. 8 VALUE OF ONTARIO FISHERIES FOR A PERIOD OF TWENTY YEARS 1915-1934 INCLUSIVE 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 ,341,1 ,658,9 ,866,4 ,175,1 ,721,4 ,691,0 ,656,7 ,807,5 ,886,3 ,139,2 81.41 92.43 24.00 10.32 40.24 93.74 75.82 25.21 98.76 79.03 '1 1925 2,858,854.79 1926 2,643,686.28 1927 3,229,143.57 1928 3,033,944.42 1929 3,054,282.'02 1930 2,539,904.91 1931 2,442,703.55 1932 2.286,573.50 1933 2,186,083.74 1934 2,316,965.50 1^