ANI, i feat ye eeaiiste ast: 3 Say 5 gui \ i t LIBRARY OF THE K BINDERS, ‘ sh * EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT Maine Agricultural Experiment Station ORONO, MAINE, 1902. Cele KENNEBEC JOU 1 190 ¥ SSSR Oe Xe ved Pes a YR At is tha, de 7 altete : MUZEUM TOKE | ROTEL IAKUT AN 4 : oy Pong : The Bulletins of this Station will be sent free to any address in Maine. All requests should be sent to Agricultural Experiment Station, Orono, Maine. STATE OF MAINE. Geo. FE. Fellows, Ph. D., President of the University of Maine: Srr:—I transmit herewith the Eighteenth Annual Report of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station for the year ending December 31) 1902: CHARLES D. WOODS, Director. Orono, Me., December 31, 1902. MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, ORONO, MAINE. THE STATION COUNCIL. PRESIDENT GEORGE E. FELLOWS . DIRECTOR CHARLES D. Woops EDWARD B. WINSLOW, Portland VORANUS C. COFFIN, Harrington JOHN A. ROBERTS, Norway AvuGustTus W. GILMAN, Foxcroft EUGENE HARVEY Lipsy, Auburn CHARLES S. POPE, Manchester RUTILLUS ALDEN, Winthrop . JAMES M. BARTLETT . Lucius H. MERRILL . FREMONT L. RUSSELL . WELTON M. MUNSON . GILBERT M. GOWELL. Girman A. DREW . President 5 50 0 Oo 6) feBEnerTtT) : Committee of Board of Trustees Commissioner of Agriculture - . State Grange Seine Pomological Society State Dairymen’s Association } ‘ | of the - + + | Station Staff J THE STATION STAFF. THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY. CHARLES D. Woops JAMES M. BARTLETT Lucius H. MERRILL FREMONT L. RUSSELL . WELTON M. MUNSON GILBERT M. GOWELL . GILMAN A. DREW *Tucius J. SHEPARD +ORA W. KNIGHT EDWARD R. MANSFIELD t CLIFFORD D. HOLLEY § HERMAN H. HANSON. HORACE W. BRITCHER MARSHALL B. CUMMINGS * Resigned February, 1902. t+ Resigned June, 1902. {Resigned May, 1902. § Appointed July, 1902. Director . Chemist Chemist . Veterinarian - Horticulturist _ Stock Breeding and Poultry Zoologist Assistant in Agriculture Assistant Chemist Assistant Chemist Assistant Chemist - « . « Assistant Chemist . Assistant Zoologist Assistant in Horticulture TABLE OF CONTENTS. WFEtCer Ole tratstiiittal’s, sariakeraevins ar tevetsicl cio aKa Mela siaiaeiDcreialcier eioaioeca ste Oificers oles StatlOne water at ekeinls cae nein wialirs ohaceie rere tee PATTI OUNCE NESE Sree tee ents Spare Asie te-aveneke eres RRTaueee Nee Soeete 2 laleent tenets Feeding chickens for growth (Bulletin 79)....................-- EpeKimentsmin incubatonm (Dulletitin7O)eereee erin seca seemere: Breedines tones caproduction, (Bulletin 70) meen aneeeeeecien cen seat Heedinemstiiisims pectoris (Sulletine so) Meeeareecanatnecnee seit Bextilizenmncpecnonm GS ulletines®)erinmene race cesta eee @rchardinoresn(Bulletinis2) seen ramse eect aii: cee AM: Graigs Anois. (slight Cee baccen coed udedouacomooooroacHecss Cerealmbneakctast hoods m@bulletinnsd) pearance iernice ce neneres Herilizerelnspecnionn (buallerinncs) mame teen cece Variation in Trillium Grandiflorum (Bulletin 86)................ Potato Insecticides and Fungicides in 1902 (Bulletin 87).......... Oat Smut and Its Prevention (Bulletin 87).............-0+0e0ee- Newspaper Bulletins in 1902 (Bulletin 88)....................... esin igh) as Werte (Ceuilkeain G3) .¢ussosousncesbocasgcsacccnce AhieyAngorar Goats (Balletin S8)\e weeten ne occ ncn ee eniee chica: Management of Raspberries and Blackberries (Bulletin 88)....... Apples and Plums for Central Maine (Bulletin 88) Experiments) with) Clover @oulletines)o. a.) eieeee een oee Low Grade Cottonseed Meal (Bulletin 88)...................... Meteorol osicali@bservations (bulletin Go) aaemeeeeeer ere ater vepogmotatherbreasiren (> ulletinincs) meee Ener aen tani lindexc tome pOLt ss ac) wie ain teieye etal nlalsi | sies spar gersuep ree eiednichersRate dota atet one la evs Ce ee er er ANNOUNCEMENTS. THE AIM OF THE STATION. Every citizen of Maine concerned in agriculture has the right to apply to the Station for any assistance that comes within its province. It is the wish of the Trustees and Station Council that the Station be as widely useful as its resources will permit. In addition to its work of investigation, the Station is prepared to make chemical analyses of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, dairy products and other agricultural materials; to test seeds and creamery glass-ware; to identify grasses, weeds, injurious fungi and insects, etc.; and to give information on agricultural matters of interest and advantage to the citizens of the State. All work proper to the Experiment Station and of public benefit will be done without charge. Work for the private use of individuals is charged for at the actual cost to the Station. The Station offers to do this work only as a matter of accommoda- tion. Under no condition will the Station undertake analyses, the results of which cannot be published, if they prove of general interest. INSPECTIONS. The execution of the laws regulating the sale of commercial fertilizers, concentrated commercial feeding stuffs, and agricul- tural seeds, and the inspection of chemical glassware used by creameries is entrusted to the Director of the Station. The Sta- tion officers take pains to obtain for analysis samples of all brands of fertilizers and feeding stuffs coming under the law, but the organized co-operation of farmers is essential for the full and timely protection of their interests. Granges, Farmers’ Clubs and other organizations can render efficient aid by reporting any attempt at evasion of the laws and by sending, early in the sea- & MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. son, samples taken from stock in the market and drawn in accord- ance with the Station directions for sampling. In case there should be a number of samples of the same brand sent in, the Station reserves the right to analyze only in part. STATION PUBLICATIONS. The Station publishes several bulletins each year, covering in detail its expenses, operations, investigations and results. The bulletins are mailed free to all citizens who request them. CORRESPONDENCE. As far as practicable, letters are answered the day they are ~ received. Letters sent to individual officers are liable to remain unanswered, in case the officer addressed is absent. All com- munications should, therefore, be addressed to the Agricultural Experiment Station, Orono, Maine. The post office, railroad station, freight, express and telegraph address is Orono, Maine. Visitors to the Station can take the electric cars at Bangor and Old Town. The telephone call is “Orono 5.” Directions, forms and labels for taking samples, of fertilizers, feeding stuffs and seeds for analysis can be had on application. Parcels sent by express should be prepaid, and postage should be enclosed in private letters demanding a reply. CHAS. D. WOODS, Director. FEEDING CHICKENS FOR GROWTH. By G. M. GowE Lt. COOPS vs. HOUSE AND YARD. This test is a continuation of work reported in Bulletin No. 64 where small coops, holding four chickens each, were compared with small pens containing 20 birds of the same age and size. The purpose was to learn if close confinement in small numbers, gives better results than where larger numbers are kept together without close crowding. ~ The English and French chicken fatteners, who make a spec- ialty of the business, fattening many thousands each year, use small coops holding four or five birds each and claim advantages for the method. This plan of fattening has been adopted by the Canadian government and illustrated by it at various places, for the purpose of encouraging the use of better methods by the peo- ple. The work has been favorably noticed by the poultry jour- nals of this country and under this encouragement the method seemed likely of adoption by our poultrymen and farmers. ‘The coops we used are similar in size and form to theirs and our food was prepared and fed in the same way as theirs, but it was of different composition, as theirs was made largely from finely ground oats and tallow, while we used corn meal, wheat mid- dlings and ground beef scrap, with small quantities of finely ground oats in the earlier tests. That our gains with the birds in small coops were as great as those made by the foreigners is shown by the reports which they have published. The coops that we used had each a floor space 16 by 23 inches. They were constructed of laths with close end partition of boards. The floors were of laths placed three-fourths of an inch apart, and one inch from the walls, so that they might be kept clean by the moving about of the birds. The coops were made, two 10 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. together, without cutting the laths. The laths ran lengthwise of the coops on bottom, top and back, but on the front they were placed upright, and two inches apart, so that the chickens could feed through between them readily. V-shaped troughs with three inch sides were placed in front of and about two inches above the level of the floor of the coops. FEEDING TEST NO. 4. On July 25th 20 Plymouth Rock cockerels that were 95 days old, and even in size and thrift were put in five of the coops and fed twice daily for 28 days on porridge made from a mixture of 100 pounds of corn meal, 100 pounds of wheat middlings, and 4c pounds of animal meal mixed up with cold water. They were fed all they would eat twice each day.. On the same day that these birds were cooped, 68 of their mates, of the same age and quality, were put in a chicken house g by II feet in size, with an attached yard 15 by 20 feet. There were no green plants in this yard. These birds were fed in the same way, and on the same material as their mates in the small coops. The results are shown in the tables that follow: CHICKENS IN SMALL COOPS. FEED MIXED WITH WATER. LIVE WEIGHTS DURING TEST.| INCREASE. 3 : 1S a = fe 2) et Nn : GrRooupP 1. Slee 2 a az : S >| ® | &| >| als |s § = | ) = a = S 2 | 3 2 4 3| rile Be yal Rae 6} 6] 38 oO} S Ss Ss A | Al e | | Lbs. | Lbs. | Lbs. | Lbs. | Lbs.| Lbs. 1 | Four Plymouth Rock cockerels ..... 17.4 18.1 | 20.4 22.4 5.0 | 1.25 | ] | 2 | Four Plymouth Rock cockerels .-.... |} 19.7] 20-6] 20-8] 21.4) 1.7 42 3 | Four Plymouth Rock cockerels. ...-| 19.7 20.6 | 23.2 23.3 3.6 -90 4 | Four Plymouth Rock cockerels ...... 20.0 21.3 | 21.8 22.8 2.5 70 | | 5 | Four Plymouth Rock cockerels .-..... }- 18.8! 19.8] 20.6 21.3 2.5 62 Total weights ......-... .-s+sscceee. 95.6 100.4 | 106.8 111.2 | 15.6 -78 Increase each WEEK «. ...----ees-eeenee| eoncee } 4.8 | 6.4 4.4 Pounds of dry meal mixture used, 152. Pounds of dry mixture required to produce a pound of gain,’9 74. Length of feeding period, 21 days. Age of chicken at commeneement of test, 160 days. POULTRY EXPERIMENTS. 13 TWENTY-FIVE CHICKENS (MATES TO THOSE IN TABLE NEXT PRECEDING THIS) CONFINED IN SMALL HOUSE AND FED 21 DAYS ON SAME FOOD MIXTURE AS THOSE IN TABLE REFERRED TO. LIVE WEIGHTS. | INCREASE IN WEIGHTS. October 11. | November 1. | Lot. Each. 121.1 pounds........ 2.3 pounds.......... 2 pounds ..- ... Js pounds. Pounds dry meal mixture used, 189. Pounds of dry mixture required to produce a pound of gain, 16.87. FEEDING TEST NO. 7. The conditions were the same as with No. 6 except that the porridge was made by use of skim-milk instead of water. The results are given in the tables which follow: CHICKENS IN SMALL COOPS. FEED MIXED WITH MILK. LIVE WEIGHTS DURING THEST.| INOREASE. | ull ga Sine eae GROUP. mM fo ~ 2 : 2 2 2 § = ° e) ° 2 : 4 8 3 3 3 Slellaica ay ier 1S) 2) ° ) Zz | ca] Lbs. | Lbs. Lbs. | Lbs. | Lbs. | Lbs. 6|Four Plymouth Rock cockerels....... 18.5 20.5 21.0 22.0] 3.5 | .87 7|Four Plymouth Rock cockerels....... 20.2 21.4 22.6 24.4] 4.2] 1.05 8|Four Plymouth Rock cockerels....... 20.8 22.4 22.8 23.5 | 2.7 -67 9|Four Plymouth Rock cockerels....... 18.7 20.4 21.0 22.4] 3.7 -92 10/Four Plymouth Rock cockerels...... | 22.0] 23.3] 25.2| 25.4| 3.4| .85 Total Weights ........ceese-seeeess 100.2 108.0 112.6 117.7 | 17.5 -875 Increase each Week. ...c-ccecerececees|-cecceee 7-8 4.6 5.1 Pounds of dry meal mixture used, 144. Pounds of skim milk used, 290. Pounds of dry mixture required to produce a pound of gain, 8.22. Length of feeding period, 21 days. Age of chickens at commencement of test, 160 days, I4 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. TWENTY-FIVE CHICKENS (MATES TO THOSE IN THE TABLE ABOVE) CON FINED IN SMALL HOUSE AND FED 21 DAYS ON THE SAME FOOD MIX- TURE AND MILK AS THOSE IN THE TABLE REFERRED TO. LIVE WEIGHTS. | INCREASE IN WEIGHTS. October 11. | November 1. | Lot. | Each. 121.7 pounds........ s.9 pounds.......... 2 pounds......... Ee pounds. Pounds dry meal mixture used, 177. Pounds skim milk used, 360. Pounds mixture required to produce a pound of gain, 7.63. CONCLUSIONS. Small coops vs. houses and yards—Including the test reported in Bulletin No. 64, this Station has made six group trials of close confinement against partial liberty, in fattening chickens. These have comprised the use of 35 separate coops and 6 houses. Three hundred and twenty-one chickens of different ages have been fed in these 41 lots, in periods of 21, 28, or 35 days each, and the occupants of all coops have had weekly weighings. In 11 of the coops containing 4 birds each, the gains have been greater than in the houses and yards containing from 20 to 68 birds, with which they were matched. In the 24 other coops, the gains were less than in the houses and yards with which they were similarly matched. In five of the six groups, the gains have been greater in the houses and yards, and in one of the six groups the gain has been greater in the coops. These results show that close cooping is not necessary in order to secure the greatest gains in chicken fattening, and that the chicken made greater gains when given a little liberty than when kept in close confinement. The labor involved in caring for birds in small numbers in coops, is greater than in caring for an equal number in a house and yard. The results are so pronounced that we regard them as conclusive. Relation of age to fattening—The tables show plainly that with poultry the periods of cheap and rapid gains in weight come early in life. The greatest gains were made in one of the tests reported in Bulletin No. 64, where in a feeding period of 35 days, 40 chickens confined in coops gained an average of 2.23 pounds each, and 20 others of like age and condition fed in comparison POULTRY EXPERIMENTS. 15 in a house and yard gained 2.47 pounds each. ‘The rations which these birds received was partly made up of ground oats, and the feeding period was 35 days in length, instead of 21 or 28 days, as in tests No.’s 4, 5,6 and 7. These conditions probably account for the greater gains which were made. In tests No.’s 4 and 5 the birds were 95 days old at the begin- ning of the feeding period, which continued 28 days. The average gain was 1.54 pounds each. In tests No.’s 6 and 7 the birds were 160 days old at the begin- ning of the test, which lasted 21 days instead of 28 as in No.’s 4 and 5. They gained .75 pounds each or about one-half as much as the gain made by the chickens that were 95 days old. The matter of age was not designed as a feature of the tests when planning them, but the results are so marked that they should not be overlooked. Skim-milk as chicken food—lIn tests 4 and 6 water was used in mixing the meal for feeding, and in 5 and 7 milk was used. The composition of the mixture in which water was used was 100 pounds of corn meal, 100 pounds of wheat middlings and 40 pounds of ground beef scrap. The mixture in which milk was used was the same as the water mixture, except that it contained 33 pounds of ground beef scrap instead of 40 as in the water mixture. This difference was made so that the two rations should be equal in digestible protein. Two pounds of milk were used to each pound of the meal mixture. The following table shows the results collectively. Compare tests No. 4 with No. 5, and No. 6 with No. 7 for results in sepa- rate coops. MS |. ee Chickens 95 days old. a & 5 ce oS BE | Ge Lbs | Lbs In COOps, gained in 28 CAYS CACh.....-.-cccscccee cece secces cocseseces 1.34 1.68 In houses, gained in 28 Gays Cach........cccerccccercecce socces eorcces 1.43 | 1.7] Chickens 160 days old. IN"COOPsS; FAINEA- in! BE! AAYS|CACH cee ciccsc vclcciscls cence) sev ceviciels) cacwlecce: | -78 | -87 In house, gained in 28 days each .......... EROSSULOCCOS JOSROOO IDguBoUE 45 | -93 16 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1goz2. The use of meat meal in chicken fattening—Late in the season 40 chickens that were 161 days old, and averaged in weight a little over five pounds each, were divided into 10 lots. Each lot of four birds was put into a small fattening coop and fed for 28 days. Those in coops I to 5, constituting group 1, were fed from a mixture of 100 pounds of corn meal, 100 pounds of wheat middlings and 50 pounds of meat meal. Twice daily as needed for use, porridge was made from this meal mixture with cold water. Those in coops 6 to 10, constituting group 2, were fed on porridge made from equal quantities of corn meal and wheat middlings, without meat meal. This porridge was also made with cold water. : The average increase in weight of each of the 20 birds fed without meat meal was .72 pounds, and the average increase of those fed with meat meal was .g2 pounds. Where no meat meal was fed, 14.96 pounds of dry meal was required to make a pound of gain. Where meat meal was fed, 12.07 pounds of dry meal produced a similar gain. This indicates that where one fifth of the food used was meat meal, a pound of gain in the live birds was made by the use of about one fifth less weight of food than where no meat meal was used. The mixture containing the meat meal cost 1.15 cents per pound, while the mixture without meat meal cost I cent per pound. Where meat meal was fed, a pound of live weight of chicken was made at a cost of 13.88 cents. Where no meat meal was used a pound of gain cost 14.96 cents. These tests were made with birds that were advanced in age and growth, and the gains were slow and expensive. In other feeding tests that we have made with chickens that were from 100 to 130 days old, the gains have been much greater and the costs per pound as small as 5 to 8 cents per pound, when the meal used was reckoned at the same price per pound as in this test. The data of the test is shown in the tables following: POULTRY EXPERIMENTS. WW CHICKENS FED WITH MEAT MEAL IN RATION. LIVE WEIGHTS DURING TEST. INCREASE. ; a GROUP 1. a zi a = 5 . 2 2 Fo 2 2 : D Ee 6 8 s s g > | 4 2 } Q. 5) S) S) cS) ° 3 o Cc S ie} (o) Zz 4 <3] Lbs. | Lbs. | Lbs. | Lbs. | Lbs. | Lbs.} Lbs. 1/Four White Wyandottes...... 20.2 22.3 23.3 23.6 24.6 | 4.4 | 1.10 2|Four White Wyandottes....... 20.1 21.9 22.1 22.4 23.4 | 3.3 | .82 3|Four Plymouth Recks......... 20.4 22.8 23.2 23.6 24.8 | 4.4 | 1.10 4)Four Plymouth Rocks......... 20.7 22.4 23.4 23.8 24.2 | 3.5 -87 5|Four White Wyandottes....... 21.5 22.1 23.1 23.3 24.2) 2.7) .67 Total weights ........ oe ee-| 102.9) 111-5} 215.1 | 116.7} 121.2 Increase in weights...... scoddallacoceoce 8.6 3.6 1.6 4.5 | 18.3 -915 Pounds of dry grain mixture used in the test, 221. Pounds of mixture required to produce a pound of gain, 12.07. Age of birds at beginning of test, 161 days. Average weight of birds at beginning of test, 5.14 pounds. CHICKENS FED WITHOUT MEAT FOOD IN RATION. LIVE WEIGHTS DURING TEST. INCREASE. . ° . a GROUP 2. pe fa = ae 2 Boe a Sal 8 : 6 & g gS g Sar lesesiers ° o 3) ~~) i) (oe) fo) s S >) 2) ie) eo) Z 4 Paar sare or SD DH HD DS SOON Oe Cae eLD tyme Oo 652... ARPA S233 658... lo-Wer) Sor =o 662... 664.05 SS. SD S> Ss O> omc rer — oS HOC k late ws sion olgueles 672... RAR ars Number of hens os 600... i a Pm ios} = D. Inf. ‘psetoee Alona ane are ID. Ok. “lite. Te D. Ok lie toun: :|D. 12. D. 1. TO D. 2 eee eee ee —_ bw rood TOS Be atlar IS QeYee re oa — nw Cie ee ee ee eo od Ss oO a) a = i D. C’k Jo -|L. 12. see ale eens ene ele ce wens a | Ceaale D. 14. D. Ok D. Ck ied gD Ok L. Inf x “i o o A = 5 5 La] Ler) L. Inf/D. Inf Lis (CREDA Zi De CABA emt eslelete jb wPallodactoe Meare, | diane IDE APsollbe 1 Pic SCOR None L. C’k De 125)Le Crk ID WRI be Dee ANS AP4slasoeesoe 1D (ORF OBE ObTe AWTbie TP rieeenee Lil 2D. (Crk: calligt LOM loca Se pe Lv | Che Cis On lo. Saos Sucaas HS HS HO |eO5cpcl-secca DR ® O= joloacszl|Olcdes 25 rie AS Pee S25 |e 5 S25 2 AS, m eye roycazens ES i) Ho |ERBSeaqs/BePocks aS BS BH [5 9OR C5 _ ooh I ria a eB yen enNs aSeat An Ard Zn Am T Gan |Z T Oe O 81 30 1) 36 5 79 19 9 41 20 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1go2. Effects of Temperature upon Eggs while being held for Incubation. From May 25th to June 2nd all of the eggs laid by 24 hens were saved and held Io days, until June 12th before being incu- bated. The eggs from each hen were divided into two lots by selecting each alternate one as laid. One of the lots was placed in a room with a temperature of 70° F. and the other lot was put in another room where the temperature was 50° F. There was about the same amount of moisture in each room, and both were equally light. The eggs were in open boxes and were turned each day. The temperatures were steadily maintained through the Io days, at the end of which time the eggs were all put together into the same incubator where they were subject to like conditions. The tables below show the behavior of the eggs from each individual hen, under the same, and varied temperature, as well as the results of the test. DATES ON WHICH EGGS WERE LAID AND RESULTS OF INCUBATION. —v iT | j f ] if = ] \ | i { on So |) > b > b Db b 2 S Bay & S o S 3 3 6 2 = Zo =| a = | =| =| =| 5 i) 741...|R. 12 PAD yaliseieidahaleteye TARTS eat tees 744...|N. Inf 745. :|R. 12.: 747...|R. Inf. 748...|N. C’k TOs onllits Wesco 753...|N. Inf. Ht en legac UEBoooclloccacdc000 GOS eel te ances 762...IN. CO’k FREE Ree iia loerueacto: 765...|R. 12 1 GOBisisi01| evetavelotsrevole AGSca Peds 770...|N. 20.. UPogollite Ihoies 774...|N. C’k. 776...|R. Inf. FtfocalSe Done TISadolllite iBs.o6 TGs aioon aretevere 780.. |N. Inf The letter R marks the eggs that rested and N indicates those that were not rested. The other marks in the table are explained on page 19. SUMMARY OF RESULTS. n 2 n n n o an cS op op dp o i) o ve oo » a » .) EI o Omnis 2 Oe Sires GH: 2 oo Hw Cau g w CVEOg os OR ©, Oo _ 8206 oO _ 8€23n0 Treatment of eggs. pa Js) ae Ho HS oc pe ae oc oe Vs L » DA VCISdaa OVS on aa 29 2 ae 255-900 Qoseac 5 pe] = 0) Ss Ola ral ma aS g90 Bo GePaads SES Saas a 28 ae Fo ofks Poofsee Zon Zo Aun Ano Qe Zone NPA FRE SHE A ciorweiclr stele e wislescdislajessie ove eters 65 15 17 20 13 NIGin ae Gabaoaoogse wooue GodoD 63 22 18 17 20 TIME REQUIRED TO ESTABLISH FERTILITY IN EGGS. The following experiment was undertaken to determine how soon after mating eggs become sufficiently fertile to yield chicks. For this purpose there were selected 20 Barred Plymouth Rock hens one year old, that had been laying heavily during the five to seven months preceding, but had not been in the company of male birds since they were young chicks. Late on the evening of May 25 a cockerel 12 munths old was placed in the pen with them and POULTRY EXPERIMENTS. 23 kept there until the close of the test. The eggs laid each succeed- ing day until June 6th were incubated. The eleven eggs laid May 26th were all removed after having been in the incubator eight days. Eight of them were clear and the three others showed very light traces of fertility. At the same time the eight eggs laid May 27th were examined and three of them showed clear, three were slightly cloudy and two had good strong centers and radiating lines. From these eggs two good strong chicks were hatched on the twentieth day of incuba- tion. The best results were obtained from the eggs laid June 2nd, eight days after the introduction of the male bird. From the ten eggs laid that day, ten good chicks were hatched and two eggs were completely infertile. This test shows that eggs become fertile very soon after mat- ing commences. As it was after dark when the cockerel was put in the pen with the hens it is not at all probable that he mated with any hen until daylight the next morning, May 26th, yet the eggs laid by two of the hens May 27th, not more than 40-hours after mating, yielded vigorous chicks. TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF EGGS SECURED FROM THE HEN EACH DAY AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF THE COCKEREL, THE NIGHT OF MAY 25, AND THE NUMBER OF CHICKS HATCHED FROM THEM. MIEAY BBoocoone paoHSonOS0ODUSODOOsORIODSOOUD esgodUNIODS gIeOddeDDORNDD0 AONE 1] 0 WIEN? Pf(occcsannn0ddan coDD0 COCRECOGCOODIOOSnOSaGCHRaDDNS 90000 0 GacdponacC 2 WHER? ABlbcaacondo sgdoeagnoD0d cODNOdDSTOOOSDEOGeCODO 6 saDgnOnOGoGECORDCGaC 13 3 WIEN? PBI ccadd00 00 coed NDoDDOnEEDOD SaDpEaOaDDNOODDaDOOSONONOOSUOOGeD OC 10 1 WIGHT Blo cdconoocesnupAeengaE.eN Ob GacboDEE BOND NHONSDODSCCODTEGSOCOHS DOSS 12 3 WIE Bilgocyc0e. connodooGGoS0cGodNeROON, VOdUDSogODNTAGOSG Sobas0Dc05 "GaN, 0000 10 3 DVS) UW coo sodonooccooadodadOODoDDSONURDoRDONGGDCEOO © SaODOaSSGOORDNSS GODE 13 PI NIIN Ob falstotetetetet-tolelataletareretaiclolsteteystevelets]a/ateisielsteleicintarlelatetetateleleicleleielete/alelejeleieteretatetnierelejere 10 8 SUITING Bio ciolelotcicleieieietelolsietojeteietetascisiararesYoleie(ejaleicisecieleieesetelatore mv eleisietel icicistereislemesl velerernle 9 + OUULIV OYA verelsioieiainioiaiateleictate(ofeleiineiejsisi=/ofsjaii(aie/elaleisislalelsisieisjeleisfateleisiete\sle/aieluistsla|arsiaisjeltislsiels 11 4 UNG) Boogaacodd00s' cdo00 SodCOSOODDdeOdoR | COUDDRDONOO ond CO dood HU oESORGoCnS iil 6 MING) Boos qoacsdoos ooddogsagb000b GodoaeddandOoDO SooONoHODOSOOSGoODLoCS 10 3 24 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. CONTINUANCE OF FERTILITY OF HENS EGGS AFTER MATING CEASES. To learn how long after the mating of hens and cockerels has been discontinued, the eggs remain sufficiently fertile to yield healthy chickens, 20 Barred Plymouth Rock hens were selected and the cockerel that had been mated with them since February Ist was removed on the evening of May 24th and was not returned again. The eggs laid on May 25th and on each suc- ceeding day, to and including June 6th, were incubated and their fertility noted. Each day’s eggs were kept in separate lots in the incubator so that at the completion of the period all eggs could be accounted for. On the last day the eggs were saved—June Finns male bird had been removed from the pen containing the hens 13 days and the hens had had no opportunity to mate with other males, yet the eight eggs laid that day yielded three good chicks. The 27 eggs laid during the first three days after the removal of the male yielded ten chicks. The 30 eggs laid on the 11th, 12th and 13th days after the removal of the males yielded seven chicks. TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF EGGS SECURED FROM THE HENS EACH DAY AFTER THE REMOVAL OF THE COCKEREL THE NIGHT OF MAY 24 AND THE NUMBER OF CHICKS HATCHED FROM THEM. cS Ze me | Ss os | Se fea Og IWIEIAY Dilog Sooonedcd06 OnDenocacODGaCnodS SOcdsHa0GednCCOD baas5000D00002 000 11 MVEA A 2G patenererolayaterotetelaterelelesterersieicteleiete eteletetelerereiaterei eta ete tevelotetetebsl siete ratelomisisieiateretel foreit> 5 | WARY AifscconcgascascnsndonoGoDED douoDOdObODaDcORISODORSODN S000 OSAaORaTON 9000 11 May 28ece ccs vette etnies DEE Rate abe atetolctsote iets ate ek ae etotaeis eee eR eine (eee 10% May DONC A Nor ia ern case ote ORE RICE AIEEE Rp ta ce chine een ee 9 | WIGHT BW ooocdn cacondondanO000000. oosdadG0dR H0uU0000000 ba002800000000000 12 Maa yi Tesco ees feos es bess bs atoeetisic tae SE Sa Ee Mic AC WE LE mo eerste Mato 10 UMS Mesooca on coaccadop aude cas006D09000900.000080500 cOcocdaa.b0 600000 1] |} | Aibbavey Weociaotodo. asdcog0dabdodsHG0ed. C4oQ5 600 cod00000G6 joDDaSOGNg0.409 CDbe 6 2 AWG: Bosaas sossocdcadccccngceces ane dondDOOD seoDDNONDODTODOGNBDEGODanEDONIS 10 2 AUING Clo odas Bas docdq0n ss 90nadODoaSd0000asOpO0FONDeTDINDA CodaDOdCRODERONC 12 4 AINE) Bonsopgwodovdsso000. aosasD | S0n0000: OdD0UdeDDDGaDDD0GDDERIONGODONOIE 10 0 UYGIVE Bsoogosocceodoe: bobODGdS S00 GDDDDDIDOSaD9ODnDD OOD NODDOuENOIODOgD50 8 3 Oo em 3 Pe BR fF POULTRY EXPERIMENTS. 25 While the results show somewhat diminished fertility, it is evident that longer test periods are needed in which to determine the limits of its duration after mating ceases. This work is to be continued with other pens of hens. The preceding table shows the results from each days eggs. FERTILITY OF EGGS OF DIFFERENT SHAPES. To ascertain whether the shapes of eggs have any influence on their chick yielding capacities when incubated, 25 very long eggs, 25 short, ball shaped ones and 25 normal shaped ones were selected and incubated in the same machine with the follow- ing results: ® ° a = SS ~ © = : = = ad = a 2 3 ae Om: | = = =e Sei = To a m5 oa cet Nee, as _ o > =I Os AE OS | = | | Twenty-five normal eggs ........ 225 sccscne-csccceee-> a0| 8 | 3 5 9 Mwenby-tiviesv Cry NOWL CLES) tal eleccls -lsinielelsieivleleie)-I4 wlainieiaiel-iele)| 9 | 2 2 12 Twenty-five short, roundish eggs ...... SESS ESAT eS SESE AEE 7 7 3 8 When undertaking this test it was the intention to carry each lot of chicks until their sex could be determined in order to learn whether the shape of the egg bears any relationship to the sex of the chick it may yield. With that aim all of the chicks were banded and recorded. A barn cat had other plans regarding them however, in the carrying out of which one night, the ques- tion of sex was not considered. Other tests bearing upon this subject will be made. 26 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. BREEDING FOR EGG PRODUCTION. G. M. GowELt. For several years past the Station has been breeding Barred Plymouth Rock and White Wyandotte hens with the hope of increasing the number and improving the size and color of the eggs. In 1898 trap nests were devised and placed in all of the breed- ing pens, as described in the 14th annual report of the Station. This was done so that the producing capacities of hens could be known, and selections for breeding could be made upon merit alone. It is known that the laws of inheritance and transmission are as true with birds as with cattle, sheep and horses and when we consider the wonderful advance in egg production that the hen has made since her domestication, there is ample reason for assuming that a higher average production than the present can be secured by breeding only to those birds that are themselves large producers. It has been found in our practice with the trap nest, that with the most careful selection we could make when estimating the capacities for egg yielding, by the types and forms of birds, that we were still including in our breeding pens hens that were small workers. A study of the monthly record sheets which follow, not only show great differences in the capacities of hens but marked vari- ations in the regularity of their work; some commencing early | in November, and continuing laying heavily and regularly month after month, while others varied much, laying well one month and poorly or not at all the next. It is impossible to account for these vagaries as the birds in each breed were bred alike, and selected for their uniformity. All pens were of the same size and shape and contained the same number of birds. Their feed- ing and treatment were alike throughout. Many of the light layers gave evidence of much vitality, and in many instances there were no marked indications, in form or type, by which we were able to account for the small amount of work performed by them. ee ee POULTRY EXPERIMENTS. 27 EGG RECORDS FOR TWO YEARS OF HENS HATCHED DURING APRIL AND MAY 1898. BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS. n = 2 S mH |B z sf S\/3/s/2 3 Rees | ese es elects tee ; 2 E Ebel rors Pe pelt ese |aeze | eae | oboe | eae |i 5 Ce ee We GI Ney iter Ne ae) A a EO) le se) er --| lol 9} 23) 23) 19] 16] 21) 19) 13 Pet doane 20) 5] 9) 16! 15] 13] 14) 13) 14) 15 Ania S tee pele cee | fala eee (ie 1922 ela else 14 lS iene LT Yel soo TBM al eeol) lh --Glisaa Hecbells Selatan Ti Msaltstinsabe Sool} fail ae) a ety citi) al) al) nl oe Dore: Beralscalics AL SG) iA alll TG ab) Homa aonelloe ool) fay) ak US|) 2) aes) TES} a) |) ae 2a. 17/ 15) 16! §| 13] 14) 15] 1a} 31] 14! AGwallstecteoe csc | ee 15] 20] 18] 18] 22) 19] 24; 19 Da Wipes aSBel Ic lee Sei |e pve Sie NG ome hap | eratarsoe SO sali straneoe lice s50|) Wl PPA Ta Tai aly aii) ey) ae Doleeeee 15] 5] 3] J6] 12] 6] 13) 8] al 9 O3e Stores: 19} 11} 19} S| 10) Is} 28) 16] 14, 11] Aalonage 11} 5} 19) 10] 13] 18] 15) 13) 12 8 101..|1st. -- |» ++) 18} 15} 21) -22/ 24) 21) 17) 26] yeh Jeane Picea Mallc|ye a(R at ete lleseellbope andl Goboae Sdbecen eee WB) Teal BG aM) SY @lss 1 THVISA Wii aGea| abe iscoel! Nel, A SO i) ari ae 9| ade IBladoolleeolsesi|| IB) TE TS) 1a) TB aA IPAS Niireosen\lsae alle 17) 20] 17) 13) 15) 18) 24) 20 2a . 4].. “Al TGloseell TG) TE)) TEI TEI) 126..|Ist. 5a |leoos|) alll tka) al) Tel Tey) Sy] WA ain Dabenve 14] 14) 14] 15} 7} 16) 18) 14) V7} 15 13722 | lets Allee 7| 19| 18] 18] 24) 21) 22) 19 MG) donee Se Vase ea cih Vie tak aba Se sre TC] ee ie ADIs. Watees soe|laucell MC SN Pea Gi) US ei ei) SIG) Maki) aie Daler a! 1) Gj a TS TS) TH el a) Te 159. .| 1st. «- [es--| 4] 25] 9| 13] 13] 14) 14) 12] 2d. 20| 18] 14] 10) J1| 15] 17] 18) 13) 13 Ace iite6daal loopel ocel Mane | 21) 93) 12] 21) 92) 19) 19 Dd acer. 14) i} 1) 14) 15) 18} 20) 15) 15) 14 Posealiisterese| eee Joa) | Ab 22 Te) eal), SE) Ba) aiG| 16) Pee 3 esata | 20 |e |e Weel 211 6 eee |e ena |ecntee 209../ Ist. See\oceo|) Oe) Nl Bile at] SG} ate) alr 2a. LON GLOM LS! e512) 16 |hatS ee celle ealleeene 228..|1st. A |oosc) coal /iP3) aE) GBH tel ORV Gs Sie) alngodoe 16} 8 9 13] 15) 13] 35) 9) 10) iit Gralla ccoollaee Pee alsces Ale On|! Tine dale Obed ee meae Delteasse | Recall eece ee antih volt Dll), sao |tanGl esa mG BBMa-|Tst--.. |-.22|<.2-]-.- | 12) 20] 15] 12] 16) 13) 17 Pts omeed WN TES GW) EH ert atl] STE an ae OST Aacl TS ase lec ol BEE |....| 14] 23] 15] 18) 24] 25] 98 } Pel Gomee Meat M4) od) 91-20 ogg oa Del) 78 EYolsranedl Hace 9} 2] 5] 6] 24! 931 92) 20) 21 289..|Ist...../... -|.eee[>---| 8] 22] 20] 17] I9] 12] 20 Ads. 65). 14) 7 5) 16) 12} 22) 16) 10) 13) 13 AUD sc| NEadoal oes based eae -| 19; 18] 11} 17] 14 13) 17 Dales 20| 17 ia Be | 3} 13) 15) 13) 14) 14) age | | a ee a es ageo| = \BATS| BD Fis ee ao 2) 5.) b= el se | 3 26, | 7 Sh ive. ene oe & | 8 |=ogo| me n Oo |raads!] AP | 12 20 161 161 Bleeeeue GLE. ies Tal eee 175) 175 Sano see i ieieters aot 12 li 155 158 ll 16 VS lets cease 8 2) 165 165 8 3 112 honsccee 9 8) 175 175 Ale ee eae S 15 8 181} 201 14 11| 159 beeen ra 142! 166 1 2 CS) Es ae 18 15) 191) 191 A erate 1 GA eretetetecatef< 7 18) 165) 182 Viner ce na eaanese Al ese 169 169 Bree ae eRe AV ler oritoee 10 12 140) 160 5 3) TPA Sconce 11 5 160) 160 12) 9) 145 eee 17 21 201 204 Eratal lteee Bi) eee A\ewseune ist oaeeneoe 9 9 fe 149 6 13 T6() edarece 22 18 184) 18S Be ll eee H Et) eariene 1h) — 8H 152! 180 9 9| AZ hes ceee F aGpse 155 155 6 9) Ti (Alesae nae 15) 5) 135| 155 19) 9) 1 Kogeeene 15 18) 137 175 12 12 13] Boo 15 13} 165 191 14 14) 165 | seesicess ie) ay 15) 169 pas obe | Pseeee 82) &: 12 17 154) 180 Roo : | 94). 2.2.24. 13) ll 120 153 Farle see D(H base noee 18| i 143 143 WER Se ar | 4G] wccccee 12) 12} 129 167 10} . 10 be eo 26) 23 191 206 16) 9 147 ae MGOlestew nis 138 Sninih weiela 12 2] 151 181 ll 11 160) Seaeees 8 21 138 175 2 148 ew eutene 28 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. EGG RECORDS FOR TWO YEARS—CONTINUED. H LIGHT BRAHMA. | l 1 ] { | [ S = | 2 =. = =aNe f ee ies, | eel ales | ee hoe | = S215] ad | i ae = | | © [BRS sR : | rd) SE (es ait tse Set on | Feta raed (a | ee eo Sia lice eS) oor) ao emilee er |ce 1S aL e [eae Atl melita d|® edie oie tire alle eal Fo | s (e/8lslelslslelel/2) #1] 2] 2 lezcz) cs | mH iZ4l|Aals = |= Beatie ecg alte © SEs| Fe. J i J | | | | | | | ] ] ] | 1 } | | 53.-jIst-. - |---| U1} 19) 20) 21) 20) 19) 20) 21) 18] 19) 1 189 194 Pi lasa ese Ble.) dO: A eal) yf se ae aa 4 11) 2 vial Bseaees Foie (NS soe Pose FeSeo)[ootsel eal Cea hee) fea ec Li) Lamar S Vossse: 55) 81 Diieoes: etal 5 FAS tase nee wecineeee Ieee egos DG aeee eee 75..\Ist --| 6] 34) 18]. 15] 15) 15) 10 9 12} eee 114} 130 2a aed Tove ee eee ee Sa See oe -|ewevee es =| Saoce 56 UTS IS oases Bese oe 12| 418) 24] 16) 12) 16) 17 15 i| 18 155 155 Dave eee eaal sec] seee Alt a] Sees Pee [eee Baece. petece FT een Th G}s4 LS eae eee aoe 12} 20] 21) 3] 43] 25] 12 9 et eee 134 155 iQals*. S| 13] --.| 16] 13) 22! 19] 10) 17 AG] oceeneteoeeee| ips) ocanees 189s= [Stes scat ss sso], 41] 90) 19/14] il Is} 21) 8a 92) 20 188 194 at hae Meee GL 5 UNS e es discs loca Wootten hal Secon otter Sa at ae 146.. Ist sof Ue Va) 99] 19]> to] 15) 18 ll 10 13 131 151 EE eee 10} 3) 17} 35) 12) 74) Je] 3] 10) 1d ee ADO | Peeewenc 147.-/1st-::- 12) 17} 20) 18) 1s} 16} 14) 14 13) 9 151 151 Pale s 2 9] 17) 12) 1 15) altenee 16) ook 155. -|Ist- 3] 18] 24) 20) 94! 14 6 19} 2 149 151 Pe) oe 74 EA eed 7] 3) 16) 21) Is; 18) 49 13) il UP co socene Sy (ee) Te cosens Mess oe ----| 15] 15] 11} 18] 13] 14 19 Size 113 124 Ex eases peel Rose Th ena Peace eee Gee ego) EE, patel [eee ponerse hl Wenaceos [yh eel We posses) eee ulsel letsce rt ey a) [ari Le) TL) bees Has se [seeaes 104 105 RAED sa cor [Sac lose 1 seit $3) (aos) aoe let ae Soaue: seuss | Ulsoses Gao E TSE oc. lecoeleceeleee 14; 23] 21; 20) 20) 13! 17 ri Bese 135) 138 Poe tseeees rea ape 2 eee eee Is Sey | Pace Mares sae occa Bees rahe SE oor} eeeleeee 19} 19] 20) 14) 19) 17 12 12] 20 152 161 2d Sj----| 1) 3) YW 15} 35} 9) 10 FA Maaee joe: 3a eee DERSETStacce-jeceulese 15) 20) 14 13) 92) 11 17 15| 7| 134 156 od cease 7] 321 1) 9) 11) is] 20) 13) 12 18 17] 2 TE esse ose Saas 1Skseecs|ccscleses 2]| 99] 12) 4%) 16] 15 16 16] 13! 148 181 2d 13} 20] 8] 93] S| 19) 15} 38] 9 iS 20 3 193|eee ee 297../1st 14) 19] 19} 18] 23! 16 10| 14 16) 149 149 EE peice RGSS (eee (aoe Gls Gl ast aah: ay 6 Oth) Slee Praletete i Gees WHITE WYANDOTTE. Se yisteere: 20) 9) #1 | 17 12) 13) Wy 14 138 Sf dg 142 142 cote Bane ees eee pees) 17] 17! 9) 11) 2 11 leases WEleeeee nce BoStocees 20 19} 16] 22) 13] 19] 92] 15) 2) 19 15] 201 201 2a fi te Ee 7] 15| 21|- 21] 10) 10 17 16] 16 140 Z 3d { 14) 2 6} 19] 16) 17) 11} 12 9 AS) beat TEU ee oee 5/186... 5. 14)..:.| 45] 18) 8] 13} 19) 15] 18 iS 9) 16 145 145 Es Weer SE) BTU UE eS Rs ar ra rks ps3 10 7 16 Uh eee ae Tea TS essebe 14| Wi] 13] 14) 1s} 17] 15) 11] 12 i4 15 10 170 370 2d a) 16] 16] 7] 2] 13] J4 s| 6f i 6) 415) <2 eee IQA ISbease- is| io} 7] 14) 14). 13) 11] ~12)- 15 15 9 9 147| 147 Dy Wesaee a]. 6) 14] 13] 15}. 7] 10} 9] 10! 18 1u 13 137|oceh see AS -211St-. = - EE [ee G| 16) 11) 12] 9) 19 13 y 12 we 109 2a Sale 1 (en teas Vetoes NR aa | Te: es mm VEN nee (me Weeaaseee 14..|Ist..-. | 21] 20) 24! 21) 19} 17] 10; 18] 4 16 15 13 208, 208 Ea beeese 18} 22) 21) 48] 35] 18] 5] 13) 10 Th eaanen| econee | 14 | eestes S| eel eens ee 2 ges By aml 1 hc (ete (Osea et ie ed ees PE EERES 05 19--Nsteeo— 18}. 13] 10} 19) 9} 13) 8} 16 12 li 14 ll an 157 2d 5 OS ek le laa Peat es alee ee eee 13 | eae AT CAISEG a4 sae 19} 19; 1s} 19] 46, 19] 17) 19 15 14 16 184) 200 2d 13’ 13] 15) 13] 7] 13) 18) 17] 16 16) (14 13 (Gilsve cock 50:-]ist...::|...-! 17 Is} 20) 37) 19) 14) 14] 13 10 13 5 165 173 eee ee is} 2} 3] 5) 6] Ii} 13] 9) 41 12) 19 3 TU see Soe S7-<|IStes.|o--l. 54) 14) 18) 1s) 38} 16) a6}. as 16} 13 13) 156 158 2 eae a De Stag) = Sliale Sie 10-19 10 Ge SAN Ee as OG = 4istese oe sccleese 9} 16) 17} 14) 12] 15] 23 1l 13 12 132 161 [Sil) cess 9} 15; 16; 14) Jd) 18; 3} 9) 10 12 AUS ae iby loca sees 102:-|Ist..... 13) 16) 13) 20] 12] 14] 14] 13) 9 5} 13) 1 143 144 Odi ise 5 rae ae os a A eee es POULTRY EXPERIMENTS. 29 EGG RECORDS FOR TWO YEARS—CONCLUDED. WHITE WYANDOTTE. | xg - = | mache al) [EES beady BA A| Be A 2 3 Jo S\N Gey eli lee) | Oats 2 5a 7a| Ue aa rt tN Veolia e “e z B |e BT my oa 4 Bl/e;je\|s;/o)]— i c a fe |e ealal| MES Se eres Se |eGeies eel se Ne | lle || Nenualineenn Go ere: eis Say 2 S| 2) e112 eS 2 |e 5 > 2 l=686| 70 Zo a AZAiO2inl|/e&la2/alalRrin < ND DS |ASas| He ae | { 105-./lst..... Gy) 13) es Sle elo elo 13 11 19, 138 157 70l oso00 8} 11 9| 14 lidan Wore ooo. lagacdnc| paras | FB \oooaccoc iBBEal) Eitisccns TW) Wee) a aie) ae Te j1 12 11) 135 147 Dal esicee s| 2] 14/ 6] 6] 15 Say ) i) 9 CY ae eee Lee SS EL Radeon lpooo 9 16] 16! 17) 14) 16) 14 10 15 6 133 165 248 ' Sooo Gi) 16) 5 Sy ay) Ay ale! ail), fy 8 12 9 138 173. ./1st | 12} 20) 14) 12) 16) 16) 13 6 13 12 134 153 2 Oleiieals TaN 7 a Gy GUY) keh) ay) 10 7 4 LG leictetatetetate 224..|1st.... |. DOP LO 16) 15 4S 16 14 8) 131 167 VBL soood | Ie 14; 12 I ay aA. ate IS NS) 11 6 2) IBE) Gatos 242...) 1st alls BN 3D) Le ek oad pete 7] 14 12 14! 141 167 Ol soosol NRA GY at Se 2 22 SS) 1) 6 12 SO lireiatelsetale 272..\Ist..... Hstesels)|fasel=r| (ernie? 7) 19| 17 6} 1b} 14] uy 1 19 115 115 2d I. Bel eee aaa ees LES (re) E28 Aone ladeacallsasesel 33 lL eect 280..)Ist | Soallicos 5 Li Aasie23 13} 21| 15 21 21 138 170 Yallcaves Tefen) fae FN kel ma | oa ch | el Soe |semcen SOh cat eve Q8iTee | 1St..<. Neer (eel (eae 1S | ely ee Lez 8| 17 14 10 9 119 148 Dalits a: TO HAN Bilecealleion Rosales seas neaoae|lacere 9 BY pete 290..|Ist. - Bait 1G LZ ely A 2S 14 14 11) 121 162 2a 13} 20 8 2 Slee O mele 8 9} 8 20 3 IEE osandao Every hen that has laid large numbers of eggs through the first or the first and second years, has shown much vigor and constitution. Some individuals have laid heavily for a few months and then drooped and died, seemingly because they could not stand the heavy work. There have been two hens in the pens all of the last year that we have every reason to suppose have never laid an egg. It is possible that they may have laid, but with the close watching they have had it is not probable. They are well formed and have always been in good thrift and health so far as appearances have indicated. In the first table following, the yields of 67 hens are given for two years forward from November 1, 1808, and the records of: four of them are continued through the third year. These are not all of the hens tested in 1898, but they are the only ones retained during the second year. Some of them were the best and others among the poorer layers of that year. Of the four that layed over 200 eggs during the first 12 months after commencing, No. 4 laid 201 eggs the first year, 140 the second and 130 the third year, and she is now on 30 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. her fourth year’s work. No 14 laid 208 eggs the first year, 141 the second and 28 the third year. She moulted in July, 1goo, and met with an accident in August which came very near end- ing her existence, but her great vitality enabled her to rally and she shed her feathers again, completely, and grew a second suit that season. She did not begin laying again until the following March when she laid 28 eggs by the close of May. At moulting time in June she died. She was an upheaded, strong hen and the first one to give us over two hundred eggs in one year. No. 101 laid 201 large brown eggs the first year; 30 the second year and 63 the third year. She is now on her fourth year’s work. No. 286 was a late hatched pullet and did not commence laying until February 12, 1899. In a year forward from that date she laid 206 eggs. In the first year, commencing November 1, 1899, she laid I9g1 eggs, with 157 during the second, and 138 in her third year. When nearly three and a half. years old she died suddenly, having laid 119 eggs during the last 160 days she lived. With many poultry keepers and farmers the idea is prevalent that if a hen lay but few eggs the first year she is likely to do better the second year than though she laid well during the first year. The data so far secured does not show that hens that yield 120 eggs or less the first year yield satisfactorily the second year. Those that yielded in the vicinity of a hundred or less the first year yielded very light the second year. On the other hand many of those that yielded from 130 to 200 or over during the first year laid quite well the second year. Of the 67 hens carried through two years, Io laid more eggs during the second than the first year, and 57 laid more during the first than the second year. The right hand coiumn of the tables shows the number of eggs laid by each bird during the first full year after she commenced laying, and in most cases it is larger than when the year is reck- oned forward from November Ist. We have found it necessary ‘to have the pullets, of the breeds we have used, hatched by the middle of April, at the latest, in order to have them laying by the first of November. They then have a full year for work, before they are removed, the following fall, to make room for the new pullets that must be in winter quarters early, if they are to do satisfactory work. If the pullet does not commence laying until January, she does not have a full year before she has to give way to the young stock by the last of October or the first of Novem- POULTRY EXPERIMENTS. 31 ber. This feature counts for a great deal and the two right hand columns of the tables are worthy of careful study. RECORDS OF PULLETS, 1899-1900. On November Ist, 1899, 180 pullets of the three breeds previously mentioned were put into winter quarters and records kept with them during the twelve months following. The pens and yards in which they were confined were the same as those occupied by the hens in the preceding test. The pens are 10 by 16 feet in size in the clear space and each one has four of the Station trap nests in it as descriped in the Station reports of 1897 and 1898. Twenty pullets and two cockerels were kept in each lot. The birds were fed throughout the year, daily as follows :— Each pen of 22 received one pint of wheat, in the deep litter early in the morning. At 9.30 A. M. one-half pint of oats was fed to them in the same way. At1 P. M. one-half pint of cracked corn was given in the litter as before. At 3 P. M. in winter and 4 P. M. in the summer they were given all the mash they would eat up clean, in half an hour. The mash was made of the following mixture of meals :— 200 pounds wheat bran; 100 pounds corn meal; 100 pounds wheat middlings; 100 pounds linseed meal; 100 pounds meat meal or fine meat scraps. Part of the year the linseed meal was omitted, and the amount of meat meal was doubled. The mash contained one-fourth of its bulk of clover leaves and heads, secured from the feeding floor in the cattle barn. The- clover was thoroughly soaked with hot water. The mash was made quite dry. Cracked bone, oyster shell, clean grit and water were at all times before them. ‘Two large man- golds were fed to the birds in each pen daily in winter, and green food in plenty in summer. Very few soft-shelled eggs are produced and we have not known of an egg being eaten by the hens during the three years in which the trap nests have been used. Ffteen birds died during the year and nine were stolen. A few eggs had been laid in the litter on the floor but no birds have received credit for eggs not laid in the nest. By reference to the table following it will be seen that many birds did not commence laying until some two months after others were at work. They were mainly the later hatched ones and 32 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. illustrate forcibly the necessity for early hatched stock if a full year’s work is to be gotten from it by November first. 10,611 eggs were laid in the nests by the Plymouth Rocks to October 31st—an average of 132 to each bird. Ten of the 80 died or were stolen and did not work a full year, but no de- ductions are made on that account. No. 303 laid 208 eggs, and 127 in the following year. No. 326 laid 211, and 145 during the next year. No. 318 laid 237 good brown eggs in the year, and 102 the second year. After she had laid 200 the next dozen were saved as produced and found to weigh 1 pound, 1134 ounces. In the same pens receiving the same treatment as the foregoing and of the same breed, were Nos. 347, 361 and 375 and they yielded respectively 32, 42 and 36 eggs in the same time that their mates were doing their greatest work. 9,844 eggs were laid by the 80 White Wyandotte hens up to October 31st. Ten of their numbers died or were stolen during the year, but no allowance is made for their short work. The 80 averaged 123 eggs each. No. 403 laid 209 eggs to October 31st and in the full year after she commenced laying she laid 219. The second year she laid 162 eggs. No. 428 laid 217 to October 3Ist and in the full year 219. During the second year she laid 138. No. 445 laid 208 to October 31st and 219 to the close of her full year. The next year she yielded 139 eggs. No. 480 laid 214 to Oct. 31st and 218 at the close of full year. During the next year she gave 172 eggs. The poorest laying was done by Nos. 411; 462; 474; 475 and 478, their yields being respectively 62; 22; 41; 10 and 66 to October 31st. Although these poorer layers looked well when they were pullets, as they grew older several of them showed low vitality. _ The twenty Brahmas laid 2018 eggs to Oct. 3Ist, an average of nearly 1o1 eggs each. None of them reached the two hun- dred limit. Four either died or were stolen in the eighth and ninth months forward from Nov. Ist. The poorest laying for the year was done by No. 485. She gave a total yield of 2 eggs. While she was not a producer there was nothing in her looks or appearance to indicate that she was a drone. As the season advanced she became fleshy but she was not of the fleshy type at the commencement or during the early months of the year. The following tables show the work of the individual birds by months and the totals. POULTRY EXPERIMENTS. | 33 EGG RECORDS OF HENS HATCHED BETWEEN APRIL 1 AND MAY ]J6, 1899. Number of hen. BARRED PLYMOUFH ROCKS. 1899. November. December. 1900. : ® DB a ; 2 a ~ 3 » & o 3 5 = n S . il bibees le. isaac lacy olism We [eae loa tm | a im a a) Sc ey op 2, Pe) 2 a © S a = 5 3 5 o 2 © ir) Fy =| ) a 5 a A b A a op o S i=} ° o 2 oD 3S a a 5 =} g c 13) Z A A 5 fy = < = 5 5 < Hn ° Bl noollogangdllascooal|lbanmsc Ne 4 2 4 14 8}... § 2 HV obolleucedollascoos 18 8 6 19 19 15 Hl, coo 5 loa BuBigoalluaona llopaasc 12 9 13 17 15 14 11 8 12 6 364. 4 14 11 12 11 16 22 19 20 12 18 15 AS A0l)oo0000 8 22 15 21 25 21 2u 15 23 Mongo Bie oollosoodc 5 NOW coos 15 16 8 8 11 10 6 590 BOifaonlloassoo . 6 24 21 17 14 11 8) 14 16 10 5 368. 15 16 22 7 16 15 16 3 8 9 14 5 369.. 9 18 10 4 9 14 21 9 10 Winacsos 16 370... 4 23 21 7 4 8 11 Vi soooo-lnooncallo coo B00 371. 9 18 22 2] 24 21 1] 7 2 11 2 1 Biocallascods|eoocc0 Wogoand 1 13 WY odo - 10 BH soponl) o0n06 BB 00l| coa00 lloooce WYcosoe 10 17 24 20 21 21 12 2 374. 11 16 16 7 16 15} 16 14 9 8 8 3 Bileca\|>coccdllsocc 19 WHlosaoadllooacen 6 Who sox sancallocpcos pt000 B3B50-|) od0c- 20 22 2 7 11! 12 10 9 11 12 2 3/7. 6 20 Wecaos- 11 16 16 15 15 13 10 6 378. 5 15 24 19 22 21 17 15 14 13 Diese ByPoacllrooagollaaogaa 15 10 a 21 11 18 13 14 VAN eretotetate Bt3Voo0lloocscdl|son0aallllaacoan 1 2 D 11 16 16 16 18 15 Sfolesalleeaoac||ssave 9 14 15 21 22 20 15 20. 19 14 WHITE WYANDOTTES. A401. 990 12 20 16 9 17 16 11 16 Wo soadcllosnons 402. 12 i iil 22 17 19 if locaond|isccaos|lacacsa|| code 0 403. 4 25 26 17 21 18 21 16 13 14 UG 5. Alte! 404. 3 24) Wale ooae 13 16 12 10 16 9 13 15 405. Baldo olliibonooe dallecadaolloocooalandac laooan: hooososllacanas sooocllooona: 406. Wi 22 16 13 20 13 17 14 12 10 12)... AUT. a6 lleaoos (los 5 11 19 19 16 11 6 a 9 408. 6 22 22 15 9 22 17 16 14 ile 11 8 HN oalleaooac 16 21 1] 9 15 it | addodladscealinood. all ddocc 0 don 410. 8 15 23 20 24 22 13 19 Ulloa ose 16 19 All 6 14 14 3 14 Hib} 5 looa6a) ldonSocllooo doalladceseiloscode oe Be 16 16 19 15 18 18 9 14 17 13 19 CUBegell = 8? Iason po lloaoncall DSoaullbs00g6ll> cagcullodabe. looaadellaabaoulloscaa 3006 414. 4 17 19 16 18 12 13 13 il 11 7 8 415. 5 19 18 10 15 i) 22 16 16 3 11 11 416. 14 2 13 10 12 19 11 15 11 S) 3 10 Miliaoallacn son 12 22 15 a il it |} oaoccllosoaac oo: \lsodeualiséaoe ABN Serer eteteiets 17 20 1 21 13 13 15 14 of Mioaocar AIBocol) nooe Noaado Tbs) iit 21 15 17 fi) 11 9} « Maano 420. 1 17 22 138 20 Filocaoaslloooos éciioanlloaced 42). 7 13 18 6 10 5 12 9 11 16 Wileocnos 422. 11 21 14 11 14 17 16 11 12 3 i lle ance ZO Bian ollogoade 4 19 9 12 20 20 15 9 1 10 1 As) A atetel ltetetelorelelltetetateta 11 13 15 15 16 14 11 16 4]. wee AD Dietnre||fetete taste 13 24 21 22 22 24 10 10 11 WelAccon: AVIin oallaoanac 9 20 17 13 13 15 12 13 10 Bl anooon LOA aalloooonulloonece 3 14 19 16 15 11 12 Ws5o00 |locas 428, 13 22 21 19} 21 24 25 14 14 18 I) 21 429. 2 16 15 16 16 WF 10 ] g |} cadb llectoocslloogas ZEW ballogooc enasoa 21 16 18 20 16 “An podoGs|logoauollon acallanogas 431. 3 18 23 18 10 19 20 15 18 14 7 7 AS Detail apeiate pilletstexsts 15 12 14 10 16 2 eileanoo-lAnonen|dacdaos 433. 9 22 5 13 15 16 10 15 15 4 18 6 434. 2 20 18 16 13 16 11 14 13 10 WM codon EBWooalicocoodl|looodes 19 18 13 23 17 13 14 8) 24 14 436... AaBOG: 2 14 be} 6 17 21 20 ii WAlscacodllooo ac * Dead. { Stolen. ee POULTRY EXPERIMENTS. EGG RECORDS—CONTINUED. WHITE WYANDOTTES. : 1899. =| go os] ro 6 8 8 I halal ia > 3 3 ° © A A a “BY salloagads Ke 438... 2 18 439... 6 22 440... 15 24 MN eollacoadollagcone 442.. 8 12 UB Sollasend |loao see (WL vollonaocallsooodd 445.. fii 23 446.. 2 23 WVianollocaoa- 6 448.. 10 11 BAG rerell etalelare p00 LVoool|ac0000|/o00000 451.. 5 23 Np anlaeoseallaoboas ATS eect | ateletataiel|(etelaisrels 454.. 16 26 455.. 12 22 456.. 13 18 ZY) 6 56|aog00cl|doedes 458.. 3 21 A59...|.66 16 HAs 5olloacbac 12 461. 9 23 NMogallacoss locos On NBS ollodaaael lt ooctes OB sallonoas I) ee00e Rel] codex 21 Mads colloadac ae ‘467.. : 21 Aes Goll aeoadldbocoac 469.. 12 22 “YMA Sollsasnosl|laonocdl LGB leaclleoadec||kaaDes AT Dera eertereelstsisintess OB seallagcoae 18 ZVI Sollbcoccallboo008 Was Ballaanoc loos08 “(adallsdoacn 3 477... 3 20 FG eistel |\aererataia||Phatatevere YM soallsoaaa 14) 480.. 16 24 eHloooll aac 21 482.. 7 17 (NB ocalloasoo 18 484.. 4 21 MOASSallbdoocall eavose 486. 7 16 HVfaeolleacoad 19 OL igcallacoor 10 ABD erai-\| vote! evayell areteyerete 490. 4 22 491. 2 18 {OA Sallasooee 15 January. 35 1900. = eat 2 ~ rs) =| S. 5 Y 2 Bibel: | Sais eee ese aera aera ae | cecal Se Ss = < a 5 5 < D fo) a 17 21 22 21 21 14 7 18 8 156 5 13 11 15 8 Z 6 Slivenctes 99 9 19 15 16 14 19 6 6 15 163 20 21 22 22 11 Hl hee oalinneriaaltseeae 153 12 11 11 13 7 1B ee cists 16 18 117 10 15 18 18 16 19 16 16 8 171 11 8 8 19 21 16 16 li 16 142 19 11 19 14 12 13 13 3 19 126 21 13 21 19 12 19 17 11 20 208 does ) 16 15 12 15 16 11 20 153 8 5 10 9 9 11 10 10 98 19 20 15 18 11 13 13 15 7 175 12 14 15 ll 12 15 7 Sl laine 104 12 1 12 11 8 10 7 12 2 87 19 13 19 22 12 18 23 14 5 196 9 16 14 16 4 10 11 13] seize 107 13 9 6 ) lu Ol teseiacte teen ialctosizte . 61 13 6 Dl he wicie-welliocec toll ne water Hee stall wemicrals 68 18 15 18 17 12 16 9 15 16 193 3 16 13 17 1G | beeen 13 4 12 136 14 9 7 10 8 8 Slivconerlserels ee 7 15 15 5 13 12 8 Slice selratesele os 120 19 16 22 16 12 12 16 10 19}| °180 13 13 10 13 12 12 TillPcasee 10 126 14 18 19 17 11 13 10 14 23 178 ll etsinoters Till Sows 5 Lian Balled ase Satire 22 16 18 Cerne 8 14 5 15 11 108 3 NN Goode 5 16 14 6 Alesse. 68 Scns 14 14 13 10 11 10 11 3}| 119 18 23 9 ‘Fas [PrerotstSiel eesterete lacie ste cnsioed lniscicn | 66 15 9 14 9 5 5 12 ii 10]} 1380 19 18 19 lj 19 19 12 19 22 171 11 Seo eoen 11 9 14 12 11 127 12 19 20 15 14 22 & i 4 141 US| ge) ae 16 13 14 5 Sliesses|seees 87 13 17 16 11 8 10 Pesce) Ree neces 78 Bette 13 12 17 10 8 10 7 4|| 118 13 IPilgoaae 8 De Ese lacie eee catia lace 41 yous 2 Bil ea eralicetetele Dl stereos 1]| 10 12 12 20 14 14 11 12 5 5|| 132 11 17 13 14 9 12 10 13 13}| 156 5 1) lsaoooe 16 IGlisecaecliaeeeeesl mene aloee se 66 Is 13 13 20 12 16 9 14 liji 167 19 17 21 li 20: 17 15 15 10 214 LIGHT BRAHMAS. 7 2 17 19 13 138 lj 4 14 9 5 114 12 5 11 15 3 83 14 9 17 23 18 143 Retinal ee stellt eee il Bonde 2 4 4 16 16 12 138 10 10 16 14 6 127 Pela btacetasiel| e'sters’e-4ll arene 11 90 9 1 16 19 9 95 7 ii 17 6 5 87 16 8 17 16 20 164 3 Al eaterstave 7 13 99 jt Stolen. 36 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. EGG RECORDS—CONCLUDED. LIGHT BRAHMAS. e 1899. | 1900. 2 , serge aleeeralt eet | = 2 S) S ae | eS 9 | 2 : > 2 2 > | = | | ee = im 2 z = Bw ae Aeey ott engl | 2 = 2 : 2 5 a SOT Me Siu Stee 2 1 oete ll es 5 £ 2 = = > 2 = 2 | real |e atta) ferred ts cet (Le ye tl fen rey eee 3 = S ~~ oS) | oe Sy = = 5 = > > i) Zz Zz = Bs oye <4 = | 5 = < D So = MBS Ned oes seit Sea|l | ASI Qaltesiete. tn onaa|t q whales ate 7] 12\| 107 eBllen-| creas 18 1s} 5) 10 18 11) 72 epee nels Gees eossee) ectct- 80 495...| 13 26)| 4) 6 1 15 13 1 it accse i 7 ASGe ele 4}| 14 4 15 a 11 2 |\eeseselinccses estes 62 EBTlesc) cos se 13)| 13} 15) 12 16 12 V2 $ $ 9) --.2- 118 FES WRB Bese] ROR ie eee Be elena galt, So lfeeee: 3 i ee 18 499... reeeee | 8}| i 3) 6 17} 22) 22 7 li 10 18 147 500. . 14 21/| 18) ....- | 14 11) P| 8 14 2 9 a 130 } | | | * Dead. 7 Stolen. RECORDS OF PULLETS, I900-I9QOI. On November 1, 1900, too April and May hatched Barred Plymouth Rock pullets, and go White Wyandotte pullets hatched at the same time were put into the house previously described and treated in the same manner that their predecessors had been during the two preceding years. Fourteen of the Rocks and 17 of the Wyandottes died during the year. There was no evidence of disease among them. Up to October 31, 1901, the hundred Plymouth Rocks laid 13,200 eggs; an average of 132 to each bird. Six birds yielded from 200 to 234 eggs each to October 3iIst, and in the same pens were six of their mates that laid only between 23 and 70 eggs each. There were six others that yielded over 200 eggs each before the first year of their laying was completed, making 12 hens that each laid 200 eggs or over, during the first year, out of the 100 put in to the test at the com- mencement of the year. The best work by any hen since we have been selecting the breeding stock by the present method was done this year by No. 617 who gave her first egg November 29, 1900, and to November 28, 1go1, she had laid 251 eggs. The ninety White Wyandottes laid 11,184 eggs to Oct. 31, an average of 124 to each one. Six birds yielded from 203 to 233 eggs each. The six poorest layers gave yields between 36 and 65 eggs each. The following tables show the monthly yields for this year. ——o POULTRY EXPERIMENTS. BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS. EGG RECORDS OF HENS HATCHED DURING APRIL AND MAY, 1900. 37 & 1900. 1901. FI a ; | Baie .s x 2 bo : s ‘ 2 £4 Pepeeiieeih s-| = | ae. g]/2/38 ® rs > = : _ ° <5) Pelee Set ee eee Set ea le EMO hee Yea eee) 5 9 2 3S ® = Shs 5 ‘Ss 5 oy Om A Zz A rR ct =) < = 5 5 < Di fo) | 1] 601. Dig lo fil eG |e 20 |e 22) 2 11 2 4 2|| BO2A cai eieisiste 7 20 ie 24 | 25 |e 26 |e Dilated eee oacasel touoos 603... 16]- 24; 23) 90/ 16) 20 shew CT 83) 8 4} 20| 604. eal peste i|\neacee (e222 2200 nel Al alii 5|| 7{Viigee| aenpee al wee) GO) P| FP |losoo5e Bas |eadaoel racoe| |aaodce 606.. 1} 18)| 2 i 18 8} 14 1 Ghats ae Me goace 607. 2 4) 9 Ol) COS Se 2S1se 23 hed SIGN BSIEE Natt ae 20 9 608.. 785 |SBa0 a8 | baeeeo ri erg 2 | ee 24 || ee 2 ey 609.. UB i 20) 21 21} 20} Gl eg |e] 6 e202) 7 BLObe | Setejccic 5 | eel eevee 9 8 Al. -SsilleoesaalSaa0n: |lacopeallooc Srl} Bill bel pane eel boone 1) wil] We Nz} Bl is|)) 19 gs} 14] 18] 612.. Ti 16 22 | aes |e 9 eet 2 |e |e || 18 9) | 613.. 6} 20 ay TE | Ta} TE Wlcocoeellostes || MM ibccenc 1 SSR Bone : 6 Wlesooae iil eas 1 pail a daeeel apace | saaeeribovooe || (Giljeael Peeeee 56, ulligacene igi) M3} 7B} flee aa eee eoner|conee ‘| SiG5eu bonne 11 18 4 5 24 20 Tall ae 12) Glisoaoue 6li-- iG) D2 Ree 22 tee 2231 625) So 3a UIs eee litt = moa eae Ze 618.. 1G | eed 9| i 20 (teen TG BO ath WG) a 8| 619.. ial Bo SP TB BB as TB a) 13)| 620. Tete ed = 18 ql A, MG nal aii eet eh ely ey local So0ee 16 PB} A TR ON Oa TON oe TIE] ea Tf FG], coco G2 Des eveusisielliesiniae 15 4 1G | 013 ee nL |e 8 Geoace 623.. 10) 14 22) 1 0223 |e 2 | 7 9 5} 624.. 4) ~ 18 Wa) 2 Sh Dal SM 9} 10 Sites --{| Green races 2 91 1 | tee 22 |e 9 || 2 WL |e 1) GIB so. lNeaicte< 6 1 TE ity TGS} era) Glia oes 4) GdIeee ses cosines 10} 19 7 3 2 6 6 3 Blitaeeiec 628. Seales ser lh isisiste s Ie LOI eeVG | sree |e 22 (Ne SO ie 1S) le? eet 629.. Vee 2? | eT S 1 IG}|) « Tlboopss C8 | escsell noceied Spprcn [nenee 630. 1g} 24 24) 2] Ov TY a Ga 6} :18}| 631. Bigene25 A 1G) 19 SI TB 18} 9} 19 1 GSD eee gece <« 3 eee | eens |e (>| CeO G 8} 2] 19)! GBB eeelisecies HG || emma dc | | | 1 | 2) | Is} 15 || ssocmnl| GEV ls Bel Renna eee | 7 Th aah 10} 10] =: 10 7 8) 4) 635. || | 2 2, | ek 2 () ee 22 2 | 13| 16) 15) 21 Babee tects yes.ce || Bg i) HG) Wlecceos 17 De aeee 637.. laeston Bi ieee Sl eatnce RanBedlladeapelon ance eeeees (83h 00l |Geenee eeneee Te) ig) WR ey) ae 7 5 Gieesor iD \oallhoceeoloeeen ho Tey Deal ay OQ) |eacees|seeees|ecees [eeeees loosens @soallsceaon PAU Tal) = Te) TG IT Te 8] Ss cace rl ese (PAST Paaeoe lEcdosat||Scoeea| 5 TP Pi Hl Pail ig e aly 15 12 642. 7| 23! 21 15 12 ee 20 Aine 20 ee ee 7 GB so4l BOOEee 9 TAP TE a 23) alata S| 15 Gllésoce GLE Salle eae eee 13) «(135 SE) it 7 Pl PB en lesooca soup | GAR ele cick 14 13 |e 22 |e 2 ee 22 eG | 2 | ee 2 leet SS i ledeee | 646. 9 16 4) 20 PY GN} TVA 19 9) 14 15 4 647. Monooae 5 9 5 (Sees 23 19 |e 15a lb, 9 648. 15 ASH oS 15 19} 16) Sees 13} 17 17 7|| 649. : 991] 19 G20) ae 2d 2D 14, 17 |e alel AN Bod looonea pe Sal 2200) eS SRY oy) Sy, 18 2 3 oncoRe 651. 15)| GTO) TR Se KY) TRY IY | ai] 4)| GiPouol leaker laaaoee 4 1 lel] = Bil 1) 9} 16 7 i qos 653. 14) gl) | Wey ee ee 10} 21 13\e d2\ Miltewens || Gps sallanabee 10 TG aR alg) OR a EI Te} seco] 655. 17) 22) 21 11 13) {illo ance! boos 6] |aasese Wopee. llsasse) caesar iho le Sl aoe | 1 Bi 24 NOI 4 PO TTS... 6 2I| GiTecellveasres 15 19) 9 4 D4 lee COTE ODT SIS lol ole gas Gistoall sgoon leaner Gime elriA 20|..° 20. TA As elk 18/5 16) eta 2|] 659. - Ti) ek) FN TG) TR TG) Bed ity 14 4 Blt aces GE QE relies cts |ileis se TGP 20ie © 21) 1° TU AG peal 9] 1B. 18 8) | | | | * Dead. t Stolen. 38 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. I90O2. EGG RECORDS—CONTINUED. BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS. a 1900. 1901. >] a A = || : a 2° (>) . m 2 Q || & ze : 72 = > = = a 3s : - 3 ° 2 =| =) | 38 5 a ae : a ° 2 = Pan 2p 2 A 2 A S 2 a 5p rd ° = | = | = 2 a = a = = = [oF bar Sago Oo || @ © = 5 Ss a o) 2 Zit ees (2) 5 & = < = Sy tS < nN (S) | 1 | | | | | | (HE eal lasosesiccoosc 10) 15 20 11 17} 11 7 10) 12 10 TPE SSI S5.5600) (bes 1] 16 20 20) 22) Blears 1} SF oetios 663. 20 16 8) 13) 9 10, 16 17) Wigacoce 664. 5} 12 9) 24) 20 21 20 16 Illocdocs 665. 10, 18 16, 15) 13, 9 15 9} 17 11 AFoosl) a6 dallocodes||lSsonce } 20 8| 17) 13) 14 13 14) 13 3 667 Biel leeel | Bienes | nbs Meee al RSs Be 668. 1} 15 20) = 13) 16 13 i] PR aS sc 1 669 19) 20 26) 23) 19 18 14 19} 17 1 @7Deoaileocac 13} 5 22) 12) 20 21) 24 19 21 4 Wfins 6 22 18 21 16 16) 18 15) 10) . | 672.. 20) 18 23) 21) 13) 16} 16) 16) 12 20 673. 3 9 7 14) 16) 9) 19) 15} aacnuollacaane | 674 16) 1s 22 14) 14 16) 16) 15} 5 18 675 3| 6 Scene (Aes [leeks |ieaat | Dero as | ees 676. 27) 21 25 24) 16) 14, 17) 13 21 10) 677 lies eetia (Oe siUi SARS Ra oae |cetiesae MS) oe cles eee 678. soo iff 19 14 23 iy) 14) 9 1])....- 1] 679. 8} 17 23 | 14) Ulosoese | Tilecboaal) ccoce |eooos 680. Heal oalz/ 21) 26. 22 23 14, rail 3 555||) 681 13| 16 19} 21) 14) 15) 15, 12} 11) 4)| 682. 9 5 11, 8) 1) Bl ecee | ween [eee ese nn: 683. TAI TEN Y SP) OFA als does nee | Se dics af Nereis aa Crees | (Heb Solid Sacen|lneoode 3} 2 23) 21) 23 | 22) 25) 8 22 6)) 685. 9). - 2-0. 23) 15 15) 20) 14) 10 11 8 12) PA GB Facoligsonad aso) soseel) 5 Wk odace | 8 11) 2 UWlecoee 14), 68727. eseee| nee: 4) 19 ie SUT, | AS bau Fe Se. sos | howe sel eee obel eien oe Ut el enmcoel oecia 2) 21 16 12} 10) 9) 8 7} ZI \<\0 oni G80 25| soemee | emeeee |} 20} 22} 27] 25] 24) 2a 09] 12]... | GE IUGc al loadhco| |lsusods | 11, 14) 20 19) 7 16) 13 16) 2 15}| (is Spal Beane wecee fl] p20 |e 27's ee Ge 1)| eet | 0 Gee aalligecdd | cescall| 6 20; 22 20 10) 8} 14 13 10} 18} 693. = al 16) 11 19) UWlesc0ce,|sosbad pocoos|loncodaiscsccd (FV hee ae (a aneioe 8) 12) 6 3] 3) 9) * Roaceclee meet (Mscdllesoscallacese 19) 11 12) 24 22) 16) 16) 15 Wlescds opel leacceol ae ane 1] 14, 92 20 By 30} 23} 22 27 9) “3 BUjsce|| co adllesaeoc|it> 115 8 6} 15) * 16) isca0e Bleceoe pas bc 698e acl oases ones 23) 94) 94 15) 20) 19} a] al] al 8|| (Me boollene coll boda) 5) | 6 16 14 20 18 9 12 1)| FN SSel sncsal encore | ice wills tere STG) ee MVPs avlese all: aks 5 | WHITE WYANDOTTES. (itso [ee wht Pa OAL et Toca hie oie, Ri dy 22 onder! et once Gore =e WOe cao 10}| 15 16 19 20 21 12} 14) 14 12 3 TUR Seal acces baodes 1 17 15 4 21 19) 17} JO}...-- eee erleeeeee 704. 10) E21) ee ir | ret e122 AV ma) ) itp P UB) PRBS Gecou- 705 12 4)| 19) 17} 18 15 14) 1] IB} osoons 14 5 706 15 15}| 3) 18 16 21 22) 15, 15 20 18} 3 707. 12 11) 23 11 11 19 17| 14) 15 12 12) 2)! "(Us iso| ocdenl Boots 14) 4) 13 8 Oley A 21d b retest | seers fs seel! aaece 13) 19) 19) 21 12 16, 12 15 12 15) be) 710. 5 2 22} 20) 8 22 12) 12) 12 16 TiidomoLs yAlieee jpaosee 20 19) iL a5 | age Gigeee so [Seeceel vane Til Caase Vibe oel sooo. Neocon \| 18} 19) ii 19 18) 11 11 10 7 1 iilcestal 10 15 18} 11) 13 14 14) 13 10 12 13 ] 714. “| BOGE 3} 22} 17 15 14 15) IBY fodoade 11 7} 7 Tol) 3 =} } A ZA A 718... 4 21 HO s00l| Goooallo tele 720. 18} 5 TRalsa “if 21 722.. Aad 7 Hidesoteral| teietorerete 4 W24... 18 20 720.6 9 5 PF ooallaoa a 14 727 fa 14 728. 1 17 729. 5 16 730. 9 8 Teiccdll cocomledoods 732. BAS coe 733. 14 18 734. 12 20 735. Act 2 736. 7 20 “BY cach Saonc 13 738. 3 3 Teo cull oboue 6 740. 1 7 “EUS aalle5qooo 3 742. 2 21 743. 10 14 744, 23 4 Tessallosocos 3 746. a pellsosods 747 6 18 EAD wierel| Ciavelevetell stevsiore 749. 7 19 BO sisse|vetales ai nalerete folls 5 5 752. 8 13 TEES 20 13 754. 10 5 755. 9 9 756. Sree G Uaisaollaqgagdalleoecao Hikepollasaocollesdoc 759. 9 7 760. 17 17 HO Gocllagnoos 15 762. 19 5 763. 9 3 764. Bf 3 765. 16 22 766 13 14 767. 16 23 765. 4) 2 769. 10 15 770. 18 21 771. Rees 13 772. 10 19 773. cs Heletetate 774. IPA) Gace 775. 16 20 776. 18 3 717. 18 22 January. February. iy De TAINO et iy = 12 Mareh. 1901. o . Bete lect |p oes x : ; 4 o 2 i ov SS ~ ° Fes ein aie ese eae |e | 2] 4] 4] 5 = < D 5 || & | | | : | ] ] ij 7i8- | 4 u1 20} 106) 4) 20 10 18)" 15), © aia | or 13|| 163 7i9..-| 15 S 32] Isl 10) 6] 20 33| di] as! a6 9) 183 790.--| Vil 15 | 14) sl 3] a3 ieee (3 me 9|| 166 7Siecc) wk 14| 10) 19) 2) 14 2 6) 5 3} fi Ageacs i} 7 782..-| i| 1B ai) 30) 1S] | 2| a8] as] 9) a ait... -.|] 358 7s3.--| 12| 19 io) «613} 04] te} ts] Sas) a] aa) at fe eee S 14, 20) 14] | cee: Beane Ties 50 tan WS BS ge bea 2 | 60 785..-| 15) ~16 2 2) wl 16] 7] Ps ae Be eae |2ses2 2325 || 80 786..-| 22| 19 14| 13] Fee © | | 4) 13) TL 14F 150 (7 ee eee 17 21; 21 a|) 23) eds | saleeeere feo Eevee] Bases: | 112 788-.-| 10) 11 3) 4 9 il eda] ee] S| | oh Dace | 198 789. .|.-----| 13]| 16 3} a3) Se): Site) S899) re cay 11] 19} 18)| ~165 TW -|oosces 12 19] 5 4, 14) 10) = 10 71 loose l aw ee eens 85 ] | d | | 1 li * Dead. CONCLUSION. This report does not deal with results, for sufficient time has not yet elapsed since beginning the test to breed birds and test their laying qualities. During the three years in which we have been selecting breeding stock by use of the trap nests we have found 30 hens that laid between 200 and 251 eggs each in a year. Twenty-six of them are now in our breeding pens and constitute —until other additions are made to them—the “foundation stock” upon which our breeding operations are based. Males for our use have been raised irom them during the last two years. The number of the foundation stock, now secured, makes practicable the avoidance of inbreeding, and this is to be strictly | guarded against, as it is doubtful if the inbred hen has sufficient constitution to enable her to stand the demands of heavy egg production. All oi the other breeding stock we are now carrying are tested hens that have laid over 180 eggs in a year; pullets whose mothers laid over 200 eggs in one year and whose fathers’ mothers laid over 200 eggs in a year; and pullets sired by cock- erels whose mothers and grandmothers laid over 200 eggs in one year. The size and color of the Plymouth Rock eggs are very fine. The eggs from the Wyandottes are of good shape and size, but as yet too light in color. FEEDING STUFF INSPECTION. Cuas. D. Woops, Director. J. M. Bartrert, chemist in charge of inspection analyses. CHIEF REQUIREMENTS OF THE Law. The points of the law of most interest to dealer and consumer ates Kinds of Feed coming within the Law. ‘The law applies to all feeding stutfs except hays and straws; whole seeds and meals of wheat, rye, barley, oats, Indian corn, buckwheat and broom corn; wheat, buckwheat and rye brans or middlings not mixed with other substances, but sold separately, as distinct articles of commerce. Inspection tax and tag. ‘To meet the expenses of inspection, a tax of ten cents per ton must be paid to the Director of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, who is required to fur- nish a tag stating that all charges have been paid. This tag, which bears the Director’s signature, shows that the tax has been paid but is not a guarantee of the quality of the goods. The brand. Each package of feeding stuff included within the law shall have affixed the inspection tax tag and shall also bear, conspicuously printed: the number of net pounds contained in the package, the name or trade mark under which it is sold, the name of the manufacturer or shipper, the place of manufac- ture, the place of business of manufacturer or shipper, the per- centage of crude protein, the percentage of crude fat. These statements may be printed directly on the bag, on a tag attached to the package, or on the back of the inspection tax tag fur- nished by the Director of the Station. The quality of the goods is guaranteed by the manufacturer, importer or dealer, and not by the Station. The samples collected and analyzed by the Station show whether the goods are up to guarantee or not. In the pages which follow there are given the results of the analyses of samples sent in by correspondents and collected by the Station inspector in the fall and early winter of IgoI-o2. The results of the analyses are discussed on pages 54 and beyond. “ MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 42 1902. MANUFACTURERS AND PLACE OF SAMPLING | | Manufacturer or Jobber. Manufactured at Sampled at | Station number. | 9375 R. W. Biggs & Co... ...... -..- Nem p hiss Ley ec | eae ele eee iereiee 9376 || RaW. Biggs 8 CO — seeu.=--- | Memphis, Tenn..... South Paris........ 9377 | R.W. Biggs & Co..... -.-.-..-. Memphis; slenvic. 14} OOLDISE eee eee 9365 | R.W. Biggs & UO ..-.+---.+-2 ees | Memphis, Tenn.. Cumberland ...-... 9378 TS Vilio RES We (C@sases doo stdce Memphis, Tenn....| Camden ...-.-..-.-... 9379 F.W..Brodé & Uo.....-.....-. Mewphis, Tenn... Winterpo?rt......... 9380 TOS Vivo PIROUS Aa OWesccsavoe sésuns Memphis, Tenn ...| Belfast ........... . 9381 | F.W. Brodé & Co..... Memphis, Tenn... PortlanG <<. oo. js 93822 |) BR Wis Brode & (\COvesmesncccie eee: | Memphis, Tenn..... Brunswick ...... 586 93383 DE Ve BIRO ee (Osea seco Sascs f= Mem phi Ssehemn eer off) (bell epcicreate eee crete 9384 F.W. Brodé & Co.....-... ------ | Memphis, Tenn....| Portland .....-...... 9385 ChapimrsiCorree es cece ses | St. Louis, Mo..... | Stroudwater ....... 9330 Deir (insti OO ao3a6n6c0 dol cay ||" sooloocooom. ody ceHae Dixie eae ere 9325 Omen GRAM CO sscess 68 S8ddn000'} » Senco snonndaooeasacas Portland .... .-.-. - 9304 Huwiphreys, Goodwin & Co. Memphis, Tenn....| Newport........ ... 9386 | Humphreys, Goodwin & Boas. Memphis, Tenn..... Richmond.... ....- | 9337 Humphreys, Goodwin & Co Memphis, Tenn...-. Brunswick ..... a 9458 Humpbreys, Goodwin & Co Memphis, Tenn ...) Mt. Vernon.......-.. 9338 Hunter Brothers .-.-. ------- St. Louis, Mo [BIDEN concassnscsse 9389 Hunter Brothers —2-. -ss---~ =< St. Louis, Mo ...... Lewiston........... 9390 ishahonnenD [BROOKS cesosercessooass St. Louis, Mo ...... IDextenaces. sae atts 9391 Hunter Brothers -.-~ -.....--.. St. Louis, Mo ..... Goumin aes 9392 Hunter Brothers’...-.-.........- -| St. Louis, Mo .-.... Babe AN Aocoareoesanboc 9393 | J. E. Soper & Co....... 5 25000 IXOSUOIO, Goss -uebhooos Bangor ..... Sooccess GBEE |) Ue thes Woy crete (O00) ap oe coc noobcoeese Boston, Mass... | Bangor...-......-.. 9395 Ho WR OEP a6 (O00) 5 Soccpe c6dascu= poston, Mass.....- Norw ay-. pouoc Seeireiele 9396 J- B. Soper & Co................. Boston, Mass ..... Augusta ........ oer 9397 Je He SOPE Anya =e cicero sen ee DOStOn yA aSSine te leMoHAENG! Gods Goose O559 bal dee H SOME ee CO auaees reco cere Boston jeescoeassss Macwahoc .... ...- 9367 | The American Cotton Oil Co... Brinkley, Ark ....- Macwahboe ....-...= 9368 | The American Cotton Vil Co... Brinkley, Ark...... Corinna -.---..--- 9369 The American Cotton Oil Co...| Little Rock, Ark... Nerway..--- soo cot 9370 | The American Cotton Oil Co... Little Rock, Ark...| Yarmouth..... Sf 9371 | The American Cotton Oil Co...' Little Rock, Ark...) Freeport........- 3 9329 The Awerican Cotton Oil Co...) Pine Bluff, Ark....| Dixfield ......---.-- 9305 | The American Cotton OilCo..-) St. Louis, RG esscal NEWDPOLt.--. <2----- 9324 | The American Cotton Oil Co. .| St. Louis, Mo..... Detroit ..-.----- soot 9306 | The American Cotton Oil Co...) Jackson, Tenn..-... Newpott.----- ---» 2 9372 The Americun Cotton Oil Co...| Jackson, Tenn..... LP VOW ROwn'® asec 5 9373 The American Cotton Oil Co.... Meimphis, Tenn...) Auburn......-.----- 9374 The American Cotton Oil Co... Memphis, Tenn....) Rockland.......-.- 9301 The American Cotton Oi] CO...| ...2--.02-- eens eee Howes Corner ....- GEIS || “sobSe506 Gmados-ocsocds eonbacesd dull eansodocooastosesudoss | Howes Corner ...- GRIT || SocseSuecsosdseas Sédesaseseges asa!) seedbce eie|e\nis; ‘eiviwie Ele. Newpolrt...-.. -- + CEPA i) Sskoceedsuedacscouccsesgesuno ence || o0 socceoer So5 sd6s550¢ South Dover. .....- 9322 PON littleh alec... moecccseesicee|” etme centers St 5008 | Rockland......----- 9366 Noyes & Pearson ....--.------- 5 gcoases ---- ---| West Falinouth.... 9398 B35 TOG TAMA 6 bs Sor 0s c55006 S0505| "coos cocesesccsodonues|| GUNEERSIE! a6 sae. socc = = 9399 [Ded De Zor GP 0. scocpetttin asoeomconel ll iicoddace.coo capaduuos | Brownfield...---.-. SE ly MVEW RET BIFEKE® ooscocscosouscacosl| cosco 5 Gosenonéeaose | Augusta..... .---.. 9401 | W.B. Bowdoinham ...-- Sra Kien Galler eae sin el Weacremnre seieeiscieetrete iste FEEDING STUFF INSPECTION. 43 ANA LY SES OF SAMPLES. | PROTEIN. FAT. “é 5 | | 2 = Fi : Name of Feed. | 3 ee = ee = =O aD =o aL 5 Eo Eye =o eye oll oa oo 55 oD 55 = ae Se eS Oe Nn | “Canary” Brand Cotton Seed Meal. ... 47.06 | 43.00 Oo 9.00 9375 “Canary” Brand Cotton Seed Meal....- 46.31 | 43.00 9.26 | 9.00 9376 “Canary” Brand Cotton Seed Meal. .. 46.50 | 438.00 ) 10.27 9.00 9377 “Canary” Brand Cotton Seed Meal..... 46.25 42200) 12-58) 9200 9365 Owl Brand Pure Cotton Seed Meal.... 47.31 | 43.00 | 9.76 | 9.00 9378 Owl Brand Pure Cotton Seed Meal..... 47.44 43.00 | 8.79 | 9.00 9379 Ow] Brand Pure Cotton Seed Meal. ... 44.38 ABeOOMn en Oeai 9.00 9380 Owl Brand Pure Cotton Seed Meal.... 47.75 | 43.00 8.79 | 9.00 9381 | | Owl Brand Pure Cotton Seed Meal ..... 43.06 43.00: | 16-39 | 9 00 9382 Owl] Brand Pure Cotton Seed Meal. ... 45.25 | | 43.00 | 8.09 | 9.00 9383 (Ow@yiivorn, Sexadl Wiel casedosooosucqodiddosds ADoIG} Ioooa5 doce ISESTE. | eeureca ere 9384 Cotton Seed Meal... -.....- Ain etch icici 45.63 43.00 | 8.04 | 9.00 935 “Star Brand” Cotton Seed Meal... ... 47 13 | 43.00 10.26 | 9.00 9330 Corian See! Whol Eoconssb0ctoo.toas5 jaca 47.50 43.00 9.15 9.00 9328 “Dixie” Brand Cotton Seed Meal.......| 43.88 43.00 9.83 | 9.00 9304 “Dixie” Brand Cotton Seed Meal ...... 44.00 43.00 Woz |) 9.00 9386 “Dixie? Brand Cotton Seed Meal...... | 44.00 3.00 8.42 | 9.00 | 9387 “Dixie” Brand Cotton Seed Meal.....- 45.65 43.00 10.39 | 9.00 9458 Cotton Seed Meal -..22-.-: 25.5. ROS 45.88 43.00 9.78 9.00 9388 Olroiivorn Reveal WIEN cogsoe Gads00 Soonnoods 47.63 43.00 10.90 9.00 | 9389 Contino Seecl Wa aoosas oqansesnoasoooeds | 46.69 43.00 10.77 9.00 | 9390 CottonvSeeagneMie al tees cette nieisyerneies 49.31 43.00 Sedna 9.00 9391 CoOiniom Neel Wiel Gos obees4-. coooodos Boao 44.88 | 43.00 10.42 | 9.00 9392 Cotton Seed Meal so... 8s : eens 47.68 | 43.00 | 8.44 9.00 9393 Cotton Seed Meal .......5.. sseeene Hee MEAD as 43.00 8.58 | 9.00 | 9394 Cotton Seed Meal ......... .. so oabeowants | 48.63 43.00 10.30 | 9.00 9395 Cotton Seed Meal Jig Aidan UO SAO | 44.06 43.00 10.16 9.00 9396 CottonwSeedeMiealiveccuscemectanmcee Uae 42.69 43.00 8.44 | 9.00 9397 Cotton Seed Meal ........... Brevetvelteictetets 46.88 43.00 8.75 | 9.00 9559 Prime Cotton Seed Meal ......... sl uarevaye 44.56 | 43.00 10.68 |} 9.00 9367 Prime Cotton Seed Meal ................ | ABB] GRACO 10-47 | 9.00 9368 Prime Cotton Seed Meal........ ....... 44.00 | 43.00 8.73 | 9..00 9369 Prime Cotton Sced Meal ..... Neeson sed belS lad s00 #.87 | 9.00 '| 9870 Prine Cotton Seed Weal sf...) 2. 2.222: 44.25 43.00 | 9-03 | 9.00 9371 Prime Cotton Seed Meal ................ 46.00 | 43.00 10.44 | 9.00 9329 Prime Cotton Seed Meal .......... eeteye 45.38 43.00 10.37 9.00 9305 ‘ | Pahari (Chorio Sera) WIGRML aos 6 aoeéoadane | 46.25 43.00 9.90 9.00 9324 Prime Conon seed veal) saengase | 42.50 43.00 | 10.68 9.00 9374 Prime Cotton Seed Meal .....-...... . «-| 46.94 43.00 Waa 9.00 9301 (OOtniG Sead Whetilliasasceaccoues bo50 oe008 lard BECO te rercterarnttens OEAie pean, eo eria Gale Cotton Seed Meal ......... mictearereiscvets ee | 44.75 43.00 8.45 9.60 9307 Cotton SeediMedliws osne-teee. ee ae Matas lliessoacces LOCAL a eeetee 9321 CotitioniSe edi Miealacek ces eccncien eeceeer SCOR gone seas OUSG ieee oe 9322 Green Diamond Brand Cotton Seed M y) 45.13 43.00 | 12.91 9.00 9366 Green Diamond Brand Cotton Seed M’!) 46.88 43.00 | 8.19 9.00 9398 Green Dininond Brand Cotton Seed M’ | 45.63 43.00 | 8.65 9.00 9399 Star Brand Prime FinelyG’d Cot.S8’d M’]| 47.25 43.00 10.11 9.00 9400 Star Brand Prime Finely G’d Cot. S’d M’ 1 44.63 43.00 11.98 9.00 | 9401 —$ $$ $n MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. MANUFACTURERS AND PLACE OF SAMPLING. Station number. Manufacturer or Jobber. Manufactured at Sampled at F. G. Gerry & Co...........-..--- Oscar Holway Co... FE JEL SIRT - Sosccs css fesse Sese CPA HOGOKCr tease oe tal eine A. W. Gilman & Co..... .... ..- A.W. Gilman & Co...- ..--..--- Ginn SbieldiC Ole. crear. one ri= - SecAn Ads HaVErue CO nec) seen SACOGTANN CO aac -nerl ricnee = ae Glucose Sugar Refining Co..... Glucose Sugar Refining Co ....- Glucose Sugar Refining Co ..... Glucose Sugar Refining Co ..... Glucose Sugar Refining Co. ... Glucose Sugar Refining Co. .. Glucose Sugar Refining Co..... Glucose Sugar Refining Co.... Charles Pope Glucose Uo ....... Charles Pope Glucose Co. ..... Charles Pope Glucose Co .....-- Charles Pope Glucose Co ....-.- Charles Pope Glucose Co....... Charles Pope Glucose Co ......- Charles Pope Glucose Co. ....- National Starch Co........ -...- National Starch Co National Starch Co....... -...-- National Starch Co........ ....- National Starch Co ...........-. Natienal Starch Co.............. National Starch Co .........-.-.- National Starch Co ....-..-...- Glucose Sugar Refining Co.. -.. Glucose Sugar Refining Co....- Glucose Sugar Refining Co.... . Glucose Sngar Refining Co...... j National Starch Co.... .. ae Glucose Sugar Refining UCo...... Glucose Sugar Refining Co .... Glucose Sugar Refining Co...... American Milling Co -.. ....... Aas Jai sso Fee ss cscncdense= American Linseed Co..........-- American Linseed Co......-...- American Linseed Co....-....... Hunter Brothers. .......-....--- Hunter Brothers..... .- .......- Gordon & Henry.....- ee ae Hunter, MacMaster Co.......... American Agricul. Cliem. Co... American Agricul. Chem. Co... The BOWKEY CO encase wses Jae ee ed eee eect ewes sees es ee eed ee ee eee eee eee ai rs stew tee ees fee wee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ary eect eee ees ne ee ere eee Buffalo, N.Y. .... Butealos NewWacs =. <1 Des Moines, Iowa . Des Moines, Iowa. Des Moines, lowa. Indianapolis, Ind..- Indianapolis, Ind.. Indianapolis, Ind.. eee eee es we eee wees Riverdale, Il .-. -- Waukegan, Ill .....- ) Chicago, Ill.....-..- Chicago, [ll.....-... Chicago, Ill........- St. Louis, Mo.-...- St. Louis, Mo. . ... Boston, Mass Roston, Mass Boston, Mass .....- Dexteres-essceeseee ATDOETIMN Ro pa) canoe South Windham... Bathe. >aseeteeaes KMOXCrOLE.ssceeus= = FOXCrOLE ~on-cn-eees Belfasti-s- ai-ec8 went Boothbay .-..----.- S900 o> neenow eens Biddeford... Banvor sean ase Brownfield......... EOrhlang?.ca-== suse Corinna ATED pias sla eine Beleasg esses eae ween ewes WYS.4q¥ie Asean. Heese Lewiston. -. ...... Garg Mern ose ase SACO nee aero ase eee Stroudwater ...... - Brunswick ..... ... Westbrook ....-... NOUWAY <--> onusieae Richmond.... ..... Dewiston).. s.c.—.<-- Auburn....... ola Richmond......... South Windham... COMM ope sean Biddeford ........-.. West Falmoutb.... Waterville..... ... Biddeford ..... ... NOLWAN, Genin enue Biddeford ....-..- x Belfast.) ---2--c- Brunswick ......... AIDEN a -eenaae oes COLINNAr a -a4naeeee a= Lewiston....-....-. Hallowell —--= oss Bangor -..... Brunswick .....-.... Portland ens -6ecee Readfield ......-.... Pittsfield . -..--.... Bra eee aneeae ee Bane Oe eaeaeeee FEEDING STUFF INSPECTION. ANALYSES OF SAMPLES. PROTEIN. Far. | | i aaa 3 | Name of Feed. i= fs | = Su | <8 a5 =i a5 £0 =o =) =O 5S) Sn ape S | co a) cw So | & = fey ae Ley | ] Cotton Seed Men] ...... SCC CDOT DOS ARTS SSS he. Sonne Gch. \ssonscesac (Ghoyniain SEG IWIGIN oscans soannboccoodasses 43.00 43.00 9.54 9.00 Cotton Seed Meal ..- ......----------20e- Ageia)" ||psocaconce Dem ‘Iooudssc : Cotton Seed) Meal reece cen sacs occicc | AEB |) cogé. cae VG) Wenese iSer COmifiarn Sql allionibnAssname. Sacssesodoocecs | 46.94 |... ... TD GRO arate rovers elecs Cotton ScedeMieale ceca cele se sei ele “air vl Nlnmecaceces LOSGU Ml leeneronctee Orci Seea Wiel oSocesGcba donddoosaands | RSIS leo Sseonca WIGIB) lheensdeo Cotton Seed Meal ....--.---...--- - - =. | 43.06 41.00 9.60 9.00 Cotton Seed Meal .... .... shite cegetse cy 46544 AXE OOM eS 3 lie ee 00 Chicago Gluten Meal<...-.--.-..... 3. | 36.69 38.00 | 6.33 | 3.00 Chicago Gluten Meal ... ..... ........-- | 31-25 38.00 4.85 3.00 | Chicago Gluten Meal ................... 36.75 38.00 | 4.31 3.00 GhicarojGlutensMWealies-. oassseeeeeen ee 35.81 38.00 | 4.73 3.00 Chicago Gluten Meal ....-. aA Eos BOOED 37-38 38.00 yi 3-00 | Chicazo Gluten Meal .....-. .-.. ....... 33.69 38.00 | Data 3-00) 4 Chicago Gluten Meal ....-........... ..- 35.31 39.00 ale 2.00 Chicago Gluten Meal .................... | 37-38 39.00 1.30 2.00 CrenmiG maven Me allien acre eens | 36.88 34.12 4 4) 3.20 Cream Glens eee co -iicl seis ie | 40.69 34.12 5.30 3.20 Cream Gluten Meal aga dosparogedas|; — GXOH 34.12 5.51 3.20 Crenin) Gilmien Wieceecccoscnane oon aonb 37.06 34.1 3.87 3.20 Cream GlutenmiMealicc.. case NiMNaSEN Ke) nbauosndcoDanos! cor Kensell & Tabor.... IDoiern (Eqeaitio (C@ascosoncde boosar Doten Guain COnsccmclas ces oe Ge \iVo GEWeE NGI! scobagoboadadon0nd)| )3 Gee Nen) o KON siscnntonep con pnogom morc Acme Milling Co American Cereal Co..... Boston, Mass ..... Boston, Mass Chicago, Ill Chicago, Il Chicago, 111 Chicago, Il Chicago; Tl se. - =. Chicago, Il Chicago, Ill Chicago, D1 sete cree Chicago, Ill ........ | Bittalow Neyer Buiiailoy Ne eerie Bit lOM Nyaa elie Buffalo, N. Y Muscatine, lowe... Toledo, Ohio ....... | Fort Dodge, iowa .| Fort Dodge, Iowa . Fort Podge, Iowa . Buffalo, N. Y. ButtalomNe eae . Buffalo, N. Y. Buffalo, N.Y .....-- Boston, Mass ee ee Henderson, Ky Henderson, Ky ... Kenderson, EQ aG00 Henderson, Ky .... Henderson, Ky ... eter ewer teeter ese er eae Se ea ee oe Se ee a Se ee ed Si i ary a ei i i i a see ee ce ee eer seer sere ee coer twee twee Acme, Ind ......2:- Chicago, I1l eter eens | Fryeburg.....° ..... Bangor. : Bangor ATA SEA ee omits alalae West Falmouth...- West Falmouth.... oidkenaelccono oncos : Camden see eeeeee [YA sees oganconapes 5 Augusta eA Gann adeadacboo - Riéhmoned ... -..- (GorniShiee cacti Westbrook .... ... 5 Westbrook .... .... eOMMIENNI Go56 aon 06 Bucksport..... ...- Hallowell Saco tna 3 Cumberland .-. .. (CLoyapieianossonosance Bangor. [Orem WSl ceca0 coe Westbrook..... ... Westbrook . Wiestbrooks-.-2e eee Westbrook ..-. .... Balthiiwns Sedetnaciae New vort Sabattus.......... a Norway South Paris South Windham. Lewiston.:....... fi Auburn. Winterport. Hallowell .......... Portland Waterville . Newport........ Bano eee er ee ecene seen seeece NE W:pOrtincy - i elerolee POUL 6 Son 5 on: IWORCEMOG Goscnonccos Biddeford .. ....... FEEDING STUFF INSPECTION. ANALYSES OF SAMPLES. == oe Sra AT OPS A Baya ore aa = —y PROTEIN. FAT. f D a a E Names of Feed. | re) ee | re 4S Si = ca i= =) g co ao So a) o) 50 mo SS) HO = Bw om ex Sy 3 S 5 S 54 a eo ces aS on | & Bowker’s Animal Meal...... .. »...... 41.38 30.00 34 5.00 9453 Bowker’s Animal Meal . ......... ... 39.19 30.00 9.08 5.00 9434 Old Fashioned Beef Scrap. ..- ......- 45.81 40.00 25.80 15.00 9455 Philbrick’s Meat Meal..........-..+..-5. DOED Dime |etstecctercielcers|lercracetericiel|cisteisieestancrete 9333 Smith & Romaines Evaporated Boiled}, Beef and Bone for Poultry..........-.. 38.63 45.00 18.98 15.00 9456 Beef Scrap for Poultry ....-....-... SETS 65.19 50.00 10.26 9.00 9457 Bees? SkOAA)Dosanocoance 609 Ho" SonddacoD0008 62.63 GOAtG LSD lever alates 9364 Quaker Dairy Feed .... ..... ASORGoNOGOD 14.25 12.03 3.83 2.50 9459 Quaker Dairy Feed ......-. 22. «. waec-- 14.13 12.03 4.25 2.50 9461 Quaker Dairy Feed ......-. ...--- «ps0 14.19 12.03 eos 2.50 9462 Quaker Dairy Feed ......-... -....-. ».. 12.85 13.00 4.12: 3.25 9460 Victor Corn and Oat Feed.......-- -» é 9.44 8.23 aja 13) 3.00 9468 Victor Corn and Oat Feed. .. ....-..--. 8.38 8.28 4.65 3.00 9464 Victor Corn and Oat Feed........... ... 9.63 §.23 4.35 3.00 9465 Victor Corn and Oat'Feed.... .-... ... 10.94 8.23 4.62 3.00 9466 Vim Oat Feed ........... RS NRCaONE enOD 10.31 (jag) | 2.83 2.38 9467 Schumacher’s F.S8. Stock Feed or Gorn Oats and Barley....--- .2------.+ -.:- 12.56 10372 | 5.07 5.26 9468 De-Fi Corn and Oat Feed................ 9.63 8-30 | 3529 3.00 9469 De-Fi Corn and Oat Feed............... 2.19 8.30 3.73 3.00 9470 De-Fi Corn and Oat Feed....... ... .... 9.94 8.30 3.19 3.00 9471 De-Fi Corn and Oat Feed....:........... 10.25 8.30 3.99 3.00 9553 Friend’s Concen. Kiln Dried Dairy Food 8.81 10.9 3.41 3.7 9472 SAR RAWPS OR IN@Odladoossood0 ooedcdn sone 10.19 12.00 | 6.10 6.25 9473 Yankee Corn and Oat Feed.......:....-- 7.56 8.96 2.73 4.33 9474 Yankee Corn and Oat Feed...........---: 7 44. 8.96 2.86 4.33 9475 Yankee Corn and Oat Feed ......... ... 7.81 8.96 2.89 4.33 9476 The H-0 Co.’s Dairy Feed.....:..... ... 18.81 18.00 4.12 4.5 9477 The H-O Co.’s Horse Feed.... .... -...- 13.06 12.00 4.74 4.5 | 9478 The H-O Co.’s Poultry Feed..........05. 18.19 17.00 5.05 5.5 | 9479 The H-O Co.’s Seratehing Feed for Poul. (see se mens MME Ilag bod wooe 9480 ATeyle OAT RECM Sc... Fcc n wees ers ee- 6.00 12.03 2.09 2.50 9481 Viking’s Dairy Feed .....-....---2.2 00 (AaW132 lao0° doo06e DEGSUAIEs stench 9411 Conmandl@ati He egteceeseeemecs Bade SMO leeeet ere 5.31 sees} 9303 Jersey Miixeu Me@d 22. cs ce. beens ccins 11.81 12.00 3.69 3.00 9482 Jersey Mixed Heed . . .... 0 .eesneeeee HQ: jloscos aoc esi eONT Gan ANS A Sate 9484 SIGTESN GSU NGC Gooode]e cooodoccuds.c6 | M02 Jocossa058 ' Bund Mevrmnamenaal 9358 Jersey, Mixed) HE@d -- 5-0-0. cence. sense 11.25 11.50 : 3.59 3.50 | 9308 Kentucky Mixed Feed..........-. eraretafatels Netti |snacap coca Ar OD Waa |(etetetetelsleieisre | 9347 Kentucky Mixed Feed...... ..eseeeeees 12.81 beta TES pai Si | 9348 Kentucky Mixed Feed................- Wail |lascacescos BY XN” lacaoo coe | 9483 MEN ed ROCUey eae cutie hi taae ets INS OE altar awe [Peeico setae tonic. . | 9486 MaixetleHeedieen uncer SA AAA cee nie Sider TULSA eae eeee SGU i ltete ce stetsc | 9488 IMixecl Mee dicate citst cierctetccralersrecetsletererriererareleiere ilo Ihconddodad DO Sie lleteleerocmeretcts | 9489 Mixed Feed...........-. Serstersyefetes otpotcius Uaata MG) Nscooceeadu!! BEOAW eiciietelslle sell 9491 NVIGEC CHI GC Ulerialeicteletersteteisv-raleistelersiateisintetalslelpicrare WARY pASaona6As orf a |soadotaan 9492 WEB Gal NOG adassdudesasen sonsooganOGAcGKO Moga Vooacdoonocc Hi ercis{oiaarctetel Haferetetoletaiere’s 9352 WUBI Meeyaleab olarosecnoee ooatndaenoo ati ToV-By H lavesoddadsllbder elBasa| laseébacagan 9323 Wilb-= 6 ook Seen 16% HILALES 235) 30. Hel se ere Ee eee 14 Organic nitrogen in dry and fine ground fish, meat and blood and in mixed fertilizers.... 16: in fine bone and tankage.......... 16 in coarser bone and tankage........ 12 Phosphoric acid, water-soluble....... CO Ey coe 5 citrate soluble 34. 5452 ee eee 4% of dry, fine ground fish, bone and damkace ans ctetscle sie on a ee ee 4 oi coarser bone and tankage....... 3 oi fine ground fish, cottonseed meal, castor pomace and wood ashes... - 4 of mixed fertilizers, insoluble in AUMMONIVH .CUTAIC. 6 ser - sae eee 2 Potash as high-grade sulphate and in forms iree from mlUtiate (on culosides) Scere el eee ae 5 AS GTIALG..2 PA ie ae a ae eae 4%, FERTILIZER INSPECTION. 7X The commercial valuation will be accurate enough as a means of comparison if the following rule is adopted: Multiply 3.3 by the percentage of nitrogen. Multiply 1.0 by the percentage of available phosphoric acid. Multiply 0.4 by the percentage of insoluble phosphoric acid. Multiply 1.0 by the percentage of potash. The sum of these four products will be the commercial valua- tion per ton on the basis taken. Illustration. The table of analyses shows a certain fertilizer to have the following composition: Nitrogen 2.00% ; Available phosphoric acid 8.50%; Insoluble phosphoric acid, 3.50%; Potash 3.25%. The valuation in this case will be computed thus: Nitrogen, 22S C2200; 6.60 Available phosphoric acid, 150 <5 4505 8.50 Insoluble phosphoric acid, , 0.43.50, 1.40 Potash, EG LAs: 2.25 Valuation per ton, $19.75 Since this rule assumes all the nitrogen to be organic and all the potash to be in the form of the sulphate, it is evident that the valuations thus calculated must not be taken as the only guide in the choice of a fertilizer. At best the valuations can only serve to show the approximate cost of the several ingredients contained in the fertilizer in question. In every case the farmer should consider the needs of his soil before he begins to consider the cost. In many instances a little careful experimenting will show him that materials containing either nitrogen, potash or phos- phoric acid alone will serve his purpose as fully as a “complete fertilizer,” in which he must pay for all three constituents, _ whether needed or not. The results of the analysis of the manufacturer’s samples of fertilizers are given on the following pages. 72 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF MANUFACTURERS’ SAMPLES, 1902. Station number. Manufacturer, place of business and brand. THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL CHEM. CO., NEW YORK, N. Y. Bradley’s Complete Manure for Potatoes and Vegetables’ aes thelnlsteinte| Ae eee Bradley’s Complete Manure with 10% Potash . ..........2.. seeeeee. coos saga6000C0 SrA) Coma JAINORDINEUIE 5 sc050 Gooasen abd0ds00000" EndCOHCGDON acooRoOOnSSGOGDDONNS [rei heN AS) | Sipe RRY WNOUNIAENe ob Ganadoasdee Soccs6n so0n0 Sous doobodGeD doanbeRscone a BradleyZsyNias alas NOS piMauerrcrircledelistscraeeeeeliae scooboac0000 noanoacoocen nooonGS . Bradleyzs Rotatonhertilizenneeeccen creer eine pdoodggDoDDGADOSACDNDS BradleyZsnoOvato Mame pesee eee ener eer eae G5 sccobaccenone sa¢0n00 . Bradley’s X. L. Superphosphate of Lime ...... ............- ses. Sound 9opoG0000008 | Clarkes Cove Bay, st abembe noize rememecsec aarti citociecceieciciscteteeieieier (lle wees) Conve seh Chui lkeinlbyzere, (615 G) scoeac soaaacoucudsononodooads sadcosanucts Clark’s Cove Bay State Fertilizer for Seeding Down Clark’s Cove Defiance Complete Manure.............. SUNG OBORCONUS aDooagHUNDGDNS 5|Clark’s Cove Great Planet Manure, A. A.....ccccece Uieletuslotereleeroystestarctenccateretelovapatensterete c Clark’s Cove King Philip Alkaline Guano...... poncde NSE Sisle wisn ae seer enee Clark’s Cove Potato Fertilizer .......... ......0.00 ta eters eee Heb OOO OSS avers otets Clark’s Cove Potato Manure. Ba nGoooOddsato Aenean ddapoopeccars 4 SpoBeonauados Cleveland Fertilizer for All Crops OnaboanendEds codoouGo0 HOD o8ccUdu0 dads. nodoDgnOLDE Clevelana High Grade Complete Manure Cleveland Potato Phosphate ................. Cleveland Seeding Down Fertilizer.............. ClévelandiSuperphos phaterecccaccicces -sisliceal cetcistelels OO CTROEKEMS? Chorin JHNGSOIMENGE soscondcces unooveD pOago00o GOoWOoMED GonODODRN sandcoDe OL mMOLOCKErS24 GLASS am CeO austere eciie-laleeisteiieeiiciticeinieciteicls dias tielsth Gab ele eluate ae 2384 2568 2781 2369 2380 2368 2782 2338 2569 “Crocker’s” New Rival Ammoniated Superphosphate ..... .........65- eeneeeeee. OAR Oe CIHR |PO EMO) Je (Oya) BNA! MMOIOEYECO) casccsde auonagoDsoendocs Sebonas soodeGds os d0Ns SOOT OG EHS SyoeGienl Letom) WIERNRES a anopogoaseccnaHooo. cn0Ne00D0000 DaOGdAD Of0055 CO OPH OOS 2 Soy aval OKO) Md, Gas El” sandone.ch@uoobobadcs soAuduaL soonoddeeaDObD000C eceienras Cumberland Guano for All (Chron ePoasadce sdonouodadaenoe. “oposcnosocddsdoos coobodes Cumberlands eotatoebentily zene rere tectletteieitiatneteioteetorstansteteteiatalaeiateleleisislekataterketietetetetets CGuyonjoesaleyaal Secaliaes Won Wks) sodannecasoqoaoead doonge dadsdadssAOTGoOuD condones 7|\Cumberland Superphosphate .... ..............- Cd unosedacsounonbs 2AdoKngn SONS eu é Dees) Jeiioyarsl, 1sxoyne ANNCl EOWA Seaaccgccct soooouceS9SFOs GOOHb0e GoODOIAN boNOnCE “Great Eastern” General. ...... Gong as6gqesoG 90 68000000 HaBBSnOE cecesorko God coda CA Enters BRC USI HA (NMCIC) RUNG OMS caves sGeamconcgs saedcossandadg0Dce sudadddC0KN 59 “Great Eastern” High Grade Special Potato Manure ......... Gn dodonad cosméotane “Great Eastern” Northern Corn Special........... onasgse dgo0000 anos gecoddOsanso59Ke OEIC DES IsyMal FORO WICH S 9 tae ensonons GodacuOUnaDNe Socoad0e0 soaouccS High Grade Fertilizer with 10% Potash ......2-..-. -cc.s0-0-.eneeencec: sereencrnes cs OUME? ROURKE) INGTON. a545 Gocsb ease deuconsdagon dtoon GocUUREOOOUSOCONDOOS BSODACeC Otis’ Seeding Down Fertilizer.....-.....-...---.-. Bate isa Weictaictalelelsletsicionsneieiaicieyesenseereteraree Otis’ Superphosphate: ....--... 2 3 3 5 ce 5 = os | 2x 5 5 S ® Z } 3 S 5 2 A me | Sie | iG} Nn =] a fy o fy oS & iy % || Y % 0 % % % % % % % 1.06} 2.40} 3.46] 3.30]| 4.36] 3.32! 1.53] 8.68] 8.00] 10.19) 9.00|} 6.91] 7.00 1.99] 1.31} 3.30) 3.30]| 3.59] 3.19] 2.44! 6.78] 6.00} 9.22! 7.00}) 11.20) 10.00 0.66] 1.42} 2.08] 2.06/| 7.05) 2.55] 2.56) 9.60) 8.00] 12.16] 10.00)! 2.01] 1.50 0.11) 1.06) 1.17) 1.03]| 5.93) 2.35) 1.55) 8.28) 8.00) 9.83) 10.00} 2.32] 2.00 0.40) 0.64! 1.04] 0.82)| 5.41] 3.15) 1.3s) §.56) 7.00} 9.94) 8.00|) 1.49) 1.00 0.77! 1.22) 1.99] 2.06|| 5.74! 4.74) 2.54] 10.48] 8.00} 13.92) 10.0C|| 3.17| 3.00 0.81| 1.58] 2.39] 2.50|| 2.89) 3.80} 3.18] 6.69} 6.00) 9.87| 8.00|| 5.15) 5.00 1.10} 1.36) 2.46] 2.50)| 6.74] 3.16} 1.80} 9.90} 9.00} 11.70} 11.U0]| 2.68} 2.00 1.14) 1.32] 2.46] 2.50|]| 7.26] 3.08} 1.80] 10.34! 9.00] 12.14/ 11.00}| 2.35) 2.00 0.62] 1.40] 2.02] 2.06]| 7.21) 2.42) 2.36) 2.63] 8.00] 11.99] 10.00)| 1.95) 1.50 Olean tesa ce 2.33] 1.03|| 7.18] 2.55) 1.89] 9.73) 8.00) 11.62)°10.00)| 2.59) 2.u0 0.40) 0.68} 1.08! 0.82|| 5.24) 2.74) 1.48] 7.98) 7.00} 9.46) 8.00|| 1.59} 1.00 1.88] 1.52) 3.40] 3.30]| 5.20] °3.01) 1.96] 8.21) 8.00} 10.17) 9.00|| 7.43) 7.00 0.43} 0.68} 1.11] 1.03]| 5.71/- 2.67|/ 1.47] 8.88] 8.00) 9.85) 10.00|| 2.12) 2.00 0.91{ 1.03) 1.94; 2.06]( 6.49) 5.31) 0.40: 11.80] 8.00) 12.20) 10.00)| 3.35] 3.00 0.56] 2.11) 2.67] 2.50/| 3.96] 3.03] 3.49] 6.99] 6.00] 10.48] 8.00|| 5.59] 5. Patan lisierencon 1.48] 1.03|| 6.71] 2.16) 2.35} $8.87} 8.00] 11.22) 10.00]; 2.42) 2.00 2.02} 1.21] 3.23) 3.30|| 4.96) 3.41) 2.27/ 8.37) 8.00] 10.64) 9.00)/ 7.53) 7.00 0.62] 1.34) 1.96] 2-.06]| 5.95) 3.99) 2.74] 9.94] 8.00] 12.68) 10.00)| 3.03} 3.00 0.11) 1.06) 3.17) 1.03]! 5.79] 2.89] 1.27] 8.68] §8.00]' 9.95) 10.00)} 2.20) 2.00 0.66] 1.40! 2.06] 2.06|| 7.17) 2.35) 2.62) 9.52] 8.00) 12.14) 10.00|} 2.03] 1.50 0.26] 2.06) 2.32) 2.06|]| 4.52) 3.65) .3.87| 8.17] 8.00] 12.04 2.26| 1.50 so0cdollao00c9|| acc0cl|ooones 7.54) 4.28] 1.79) 11.82] 11.00) 13.6])..... 2.03) 2.00 0.23] 1.14] 1.37] 1.03]] 4.82) 3.70) 2.47) 8.52] 8.00 10.99) Sets ae i) Qea2) 2 1.10) 1.10} 2.20) 2.06)| 5.98) 2.07) 2.68) 8.05) 8.00) 10.73).-..--|| 3.34] 3 DFOl, Les0\) Seal) 3.29 3.84) 3.29] 2.34] 7-13] 6.00} 9.47)....-- | 10.80) 10 | | 0.10/ 0.96] 1.06] 0.82|| 5.19) 3.87] 2.11] 9.06) 8.00] 11.17] .... 2.12} 2.00 0-03] 1.23] 1.26] 1.03] 6.22] 3.00) 2.49] 9.22) 8.00] 11.71) 10.00|| 2-28) 2. 0.72) 1.341 2.06] 2.06!) 6.13) 4.17| 2.32] 10.30! §.00} 12.63) 10.00)! 3.35! 3 esas -2-- | 1.10) 1.03) 5.82) 1.95) 2.11) 7-80) 8.00) 9.91) 10.00}| 2-93) 2. 0.56) 1.38] 1.94] 2.06] 7.01} 2.3m] 2.55| 9.39) 8.00); 11 94) 10.00|| 2.35) 1. . | 4.21] 4.21) 4.10] 6.47] 1.27) 0.26] 7.74! 7.00) 8.00) 8.00); 9.01) 7. RSet eens 1.10| 0.82 | 0.69] 9.25] 2.26] 9.94] 8.00] 12.20]......|| 4.72] 4. so ctGol Seoe cell bocred Sarees 4.11] 6.88] 4.08] 10.99] 11.00} 15.07 9.15) 2. 2.38] 1.00) 3.28) 3.29] 4.87] 3.25] 1.86] 8.12]. 6.00} 9.9§)...... | 10.64) 10. . } 0.42] 1.84) 2.26) 2.06] 65.02) 4.60} 2.35] 9.62] §.00] 11.98]...... 1) 2.26] 1 0.85| 1.23] 2.08] 2.06] 5.92| 2.31} 2.76] 8.23) 8.00} 10.99 -|| 3.37] 1.50) 1.03} 2.53] 2.40)| 5.82) 1.76] 2.63] 7.58] 6.00] 10.2]) 7.00|| 10.44) 10 | ) 0.77) 1:22) 1.99] 2.06] 65.68] 5.03] 2.42) 10.71) 8.00} 13.13] 10.00}; 3.20) 3 0.49] 0.62| 1.11| 1.03]| 5.46] 2.89] 1.35] 8.35] &.00} 9.70] 10.00]! 1.56) 2 0.68] 1.38] 2.06] 2.06] 6.94] 2.92] 2.43] 9.86] 8.00] 12.29] 10.00)! 2.16) 1 ts aieiavsl|lsloce.crarel|lorele e\ayel| isieierace |} 5.98} 4.81) 1.91) 10.79] 10.00) 12.70) 12.00/| 2.43) 2 0.42) 0.64) 1.06) 0.82 5.46) 3.01; 1.43) 8.47) 7.00) 9.90) 8.00 2.99} 1 2.13] 1.41| 3.54) 3.30) 5.15] 2.92) 2.14) 8.07) 8.00) 10.21) 9.00)| 7.18) 7 | | 74 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Igo2. DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF STATION SAMPLES, 1902. Manufacturer, place of business and brand. Station number. 2359) bACiie NODSGUel GUANO. asses nee) eae eeae see Yels|sis|esaie/a)s% (ais/a\winte.o\sin ee alemeeiarersterereierete 2340) Pacific Potato Special .......... 2342|\ “Packers milion Animal COM Kertili7ze-ocs.aase ae eee ee aoceeeeieeentee aoccocs: 2343|‘“‘Packers Union”? Economical Vegetable Guano........... oo sc0tbCCb oso searcocoee 200 | Packers Union Gardeners Complete) Manure iese: cceisse ne sa) retin eeteeeeeeteiee - 2344 SP aekersiUmil on eh OtatouMla milters silts silsele eee eae eieieiiter eieeieiiee 2 2345) SPackersvUnlOn a UiniVeEsalibenhilizelteceep cm ccmemerscnicencmion acces Bo ebanoosssca6 1619|‘‘Packers Union” Wheat, Oats and Clover Fertilizer ........-.. --2.--eeseee ee alee 2393| Quinnipiac Climax Phosphate FOrPATICTLONSHumecmcsecceerniae seer acooomcosce PET Malta anyone Chonan ley nN Rely a sd doquncéaca cocacccuauce cuGbousoS! SaDnOaNODOOSS decatetees 2572/Quinnipiac Market Garden Manure. ...-.......-....-..- scosaccaossesdasdsaoo coc se 2973|\Quinnipiac Mohawk Fertilizer .......... ..-.....--.- Saintes eisiotereotele efoie eyo llelo eae ere eetas 2349 OurmmnipracrvRotatosMantunesn eeecen sae eecie-letetne tic eteciseicieien ceeisieals po0Ke0nb000 2500/@QwiMMi pla CIROLAbO ANOS PMAbe reyes erase se lelseielatleleteisia cclericeisterersieulclellelelaiieietatceieetetsters 2351|Quinnipiac Seeding Down Manure.......... irsoos0cebe a nicieeieicieiseieietioates tore eine cc Deal RCACCSUNALINGESAnTEN C!s sseecl seer astepienccicem cic Bs yea fe sie NEIee tele otare aeciele eretetnieversete 2352! Reaces "Potato Manure 2 !oy ope esses. cb ere sins ca scleiersia cic che elelelclelete/spi-e siteleeeieelatsite iets 1396| Read’s Practical Potato SPOGClalice, coforn oe severance stone sm eis iolepaieva recreate eleiesais oa mee siete eas 2 lSs9iReades Standard Superphosphaterenacsacceacccci-aeserce es csc cscs steerer eielneieeieee 2354|Read’s Sure Catch Fertilizer. 2355|Read’s Vegetable and Vine Fertilizer 2341|Soluble Pacific Guano ...........-..:..- Betalatelateiete ne Apelale sei elcome let mois ieteeiarcteeele SDOOCOCO PAIS Standard’ Aa Bran emus eran c ac setae. eelsent oe cote ae ee eee 2574|Standard Bone and Potash. 2394| Standard Complete Manure 2361\Standard Fertilizer . } 2362|Standard Guano tor All Crops. SpAS ars eeaeS sieacacscopedas DUOOO GOOCH OdooORDODOS2 ac 2363|Standard Special tor Potatoes. eee) seer cee see ee cee eines ceee ee ene aceasta 5 2364| Williams and Clark’s Americus Ammoniated Bone Superpbosphate er eevcletsiseaies 2365) Williams and Clark7s-Amercus | Corm Phosphate! ce... ces eee cecmeel elect eieas 2576) Williams and Clark’s Americus High Grade Special........ .........222. -.se00e 2366) Williams and Clark’s Americus Potato Manure. ..........- .....-....- sogesenhec 2375) Williams and Clark’s Americus with 10% Potash...-........ ..c..0 ©... sseeeeecce 1236) Williams and Clark’s Royal Bone Phosphate for All Crops .......-....--.-..--: THE BOWKER FERTILIZER CO., BOSTON, MASS. 2579| Bow Ker’s Corn Phosphate ..- 2.2... ..-:ec-ceccece- see Ipodco OAs OGNDadRLOS gbSODOLS 2000 2580 Bowker’s LaA WARY EXOT KO) MIE MNRS o eoecestencoas arageoenqodas caDadooon oGcendos coDdS Pastel | OAKES ein Eyal Cryer IANOCOMAKE cosoo casnacsosconedSacNd -coCndaceoE= ~000 oe Bow ker2s)Halltan@deDrilisehos pater ceesciseen acct eise seiccisielelelsrele rer eteleitetattatarareta ‘Bowker’s TOURIRIA OME o SS noardoncadae sodoses ScdcKGCe noooaaoseneo0S 200 : » Bowker’= Potash or Staple Phosphate............ ais loeinefersveiarere sobs DSS EBACOUDRGLCO wetete ron ro [oe oe 4) COU DOW KES F OlalO mn GaVe2e tab] CMe IGM IZ Clarets te tetelalaleleeln|statelotalelelelateltotelelsial-iame ieeistata |Bowker’s Potato and Vegetable Phosphate... --. 22.0005. ccc ee ences wocciee = ROIS ibe [Her Cemip NS MVVARPE sonagoccaooc]e -ooocoUC TUS sSong0cG Ud nODCE sccoacos ororor ooo ) DMnw TL ~1 D> 2589 Bowker’s Square Brand Bone and Potash 9590||Bowker?sisure Crop Phosphates - ox. o.cc ccc sie wien ce = scl : 2591) Bowker’s Ten Per Cent Manure..... eooceaooaagede mObnG: COGoS HhoOnsSeocs COODODSOF he aR, ot Pete palit. a Le FERTILIZER INSPECTION. ANALYSES OF MANUFACTURERS’ SAMPLES, 1902. 75 Station number. NITROGEN. PHOSPHORIC ACID. POTASH. Total. Available.| Total. g = = : B® ® Boop 3 5 | 3 he Wes = & 2 2 = = 20 = Seen riss Soa | sel s. a-| & | la | ae] tS eae Se We 1k eile I Ne 5 Cale Z 5 s 5 = OEE! = | o Go Nie eae esis alter Ibrereel| cs & | o | | | r1\%\|%|% | %|%| %|% 1% 1% 1% Il | % 6.40] 0.66| 1.66] 1.03|| 5.52| 2.66] 1.63] 8.18] 8.00| 9.81] 10.00|| 1.97) 2.00 0.76] 1.34} 2.10! 2.06|) 5.69; 4.27] 2.70] 9.96] 8.00] 12.66] 10.00!| 3.15) 3.00 0.31] 2.10| 2.41| 2:47|| 5.64) 3.22| 3.46] 8.86| 9.00] 12.32|..... 1.91, 2.00 0.26] 1.47| 1.68} 1.25|| 4.65] 2.55] 2.15] 7.20] 6.00/ 9.35]...... 3.59, 3.00 1.38] 1.16| 2.54) 2.47|! 5.58] 0.47| 2.06] 6.05| 6.00| 8.11 10.99 10.00 0.96| 1.10] 2.06] 2.06|| 4.85) 3.16| 1.85] 8.01] 8.00| 9.86|...... 6.54 6.00 0.25] 0.96] 1.21/ 0.82/| 6.05| 3.22/ 1.46] 9.27] 8.00] 10.73|-..--- 5.04, 4.00 Rath Whos as [en [eee sen | ay eae Rona nsezleioo| oN iel ee. 2.39 2.00 0.39| 1.06} 1.45] 1.03|| 5.10) 3.54] 1.63] s.64] 8.00| 10-27] 10.00|| 2.91, 2.00 0.67; 1.38] 2.05| 2-06|| 6.69| 2.63] 2.41| 9.32] 8.00] 11.73| 10.00/; 1.95| 1.50 2.19| 1.39] 3.58! 3.30\| 4.23] 4.67| 1.47| 8.901 8.00] 10.37| 9.00|| 7.57; 7.00 0.03) 0.83} 0.86; 0-82|| 2.60] 4.87| 3.86] 7-47] 7.00| 11.33] 8.00|/ 1.48] 1.00 1.03] 1.50) 2.53} 2.50/| 2.55| 4.03! 3.06] .6.58| 6.00] 9.64] 8.00]; 5-15) 5-00 0.74] 1.30] 2.04) 2.06|| 5.61/ 4.71] 2.36] 10.32| 8.00] 12.68] 10.00|| 3.34) 3.00 0.39] 0.64 1.03} 1.03|| 5.44! 3.14) 1.46] 8.85] 8.00] 10.04| 10.00|| 2.61) 2.00 0.81| 1.05] 1.86) 2.06|| 6.41) 2.92] 2.49] 9.33] 8.00] 11.82/ 10.00|| 3.33) 3.00 0.42| 2.98] 9.70) 2.40|| 4.59| 1.89| 1.25] 6.48] 6.00] 7.73| 7-00|| 10.94| 10.00 Soe See 1.20| 0.82|| 3.39] 1.55} 0.54) 4.94] 4.00] 5.48]. 5.00|| 8.35| 8.00 oc eee 1.15| 0.82|| 6.50| 1.73/ 0.92} 8.23] 8.00] 9.15] 10.00|| 4.33| 4.00 me ire all ie Sea || 4.46] 5.17] 1.58] 9.81] 10-00] 11.39] 12-00|| 1.91| 2.00 0.32] 1-80] 2.12) 2.06 5.94) 2.25) 1.38| 8.29] 8.00) 9.67) 10.00)| 6.35) 6.00 | 0.52| 1.46] 1.98! 2.06|| 6.72] 2.72| 2.39] 9.44] 8.00] 11.76] 10-00/| 1.91/ 1.50 AS Saal (alae 1.33} 0.82|| 4.84 3.08! 1.96] 7.92| 7.00] 9.8s| $.00|| 1.71| 1.00 oh reas ec | wees) 7.66) 2.60! 1.96) 10.26] 10.00) 12.22/ 12.00|| 2.08) 2.00 2.40] 0.90| 3:30/ 3.30/; 7-02| 1.99 1.04] 8.81] s.00| 9.85] 9-.00|| 7.56] 7.00. 0.60| 1.42] 2.02} 2.06|| 6.82] 2.43] 2.55} 9.25] 8.00] 11.80| 10-00|| 2.01| 1.50 0.37| 0.70| 1.07} 1-03|/ 5.31) 3.03| 1-44) 8.34) 8.00] 9.74] 10.00|| 2.10] 2.00 | | 0.82} 1.20] 2.02) 2.06]| 5.65) 5.16] 2-40] 10.81] 8.00] 13.21) 10.00), 2.93] 3.00 0.95| 1.32) 2.27) 2.50|| 6.72) 3.08| 1.94] 9.0] 9.00] 11.74] 11.00) 2.35] 2.00 0.56] 1.42) 1.98) 2.06|| 6.75) 2.x5| 2.29/ 9.60] 8.00] 11.89] 10.00), 1.95| 1.50 2.15| 1.39] 3.54| 3.30/] 3.80| 4.10; 2.15] 7.90] 8.00] 10.05] 9.00|| 7.48] 7.00 0.64] 1.32) 1.96) 2.06|| 5.52) 4.89) 2.23] 10-41] 8.00] 12-64| 10.00]| 3.03) 3.00 0.96! 1.18] 2.14! .2.40/| 4.18] 2.991 1.67] 6.47! 6.00] 8.14! 7.00]! 10.62] 10.00 ect te 1.26] 1.03|| 6.20) 3.11) 2.93] 9.30! 8.00] 11.54/ 10.00|| 2.26) 2.00 0.40| 1.14) 1.54| 1.50|| 2.27| 5.90 2.19] 8.17] 8.00] 10.36] 10.00|| 2.52| 2.00 1.19| 1.95] 3.14] 3-00]| 3.57| 3.49| 2.23] 7.06] 7.00| 9.29] 9.00|| 7.33] 7.00 0.52, 1-16) 1.68) 1.50}, 2.30, 6.62, 2.50 8.92) 8.00] 11.42] 10.00) 2.80) 2.00 | | 0.71] 1.73] 2.44| 2.25|| 3.97/ 5.48! 2.76] 8.75] 9.00] 11.51/ 11.00|} 2.16] 2.00 0.90|..+..- 0.90| 0.75|| 3.05, 1.93) 3.03| 4.98] 6.00} 8 01| 8.00|| 2.10) 2.00 0.18] 0.74] 0.92| 0.75] 1.69] 6.43} 2.15] $.12| 8.00] 10.27| 10.00]| 3.37| 3.00 | | 0.61] 1.73| 2.34) 2.25|| 7.26) 2.32) 0.83| 9.58) 9.00] 10.41/ 10.00|| 4.30) 4.00 0.30| 1.18] 1.48} 1.50|| 2.28! 6.79] 2.31] 9.07] 9.00] 11.3s| 11.00|| 2.32) 2.00 0.35| 0.65) 1.00| 0.75|| 1.39! 4.82) 3.05/ 6.21/ 6.00] 9.26] 9.00|| 6.48) 6.00 | | 1.03) 0.81] 1.84] 1.50]| 1.04) 3.68) 7.10] 4.72] 6.00] 11.82] 12.00|| 2.34] 2.00 ie 0.78! 0.75| 0-75|| 3.16) 6.12) 2.31) 9.28] 9 00] 11-59] 11.00|| 2.36) 2.00 0.17} 0.69| 0.86] 0.75|| 1.29) 3.92) 1.99] 5.21) 5.00] 7.20] 7.00]| 10.34 10.00 if | | {| 76 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF MANUFACIURER’S SAMPLES, 1902. a o z 2 Manufacturer, place of business and brand. S S) = 3 — D 2592)|Gloucester Hish and Potash ~-.:.-2..-2...........-- SY snbdonpacooade angoOnDODS.N000 3055 PBSC loi fare, Cora Ehevel Enero WIEVNBN}S oob55s0000eG nase sddobObUCssonoDOdCoSRByROONe 2594|Stockbridge Potato Manure Se ASSO Me On COR ASH OEE MOORE COc aaa Josoda 2595 Stockbridge Seeding Down Manure |. REN Ars ACO SDC DNONeUOCSROOCG C. C. CLARK & SON, MT. EPHRAIM, N. J. Parte (Che wa RAS 18 byes) b) Cpeavole Jeon MMANUDR@o caoasseo op badece | bannomacooans CoodbaasDe: E. FRANK COE CO., NEW YORK “CITY, Ney : E. Frank Coe’s Celebrated Special ROtatoy Ment Zen rao -cjeltiscinieclisiers meesieteerete 2797|K. Frank Coe’s Columbian Bone Superphosphate. .........- ....2- ee cece cence eee’ . 2796|E Frank Coe’s Columbian Corn Fertilizer. ........-..2. -ceeeceeeesuae sBancoosndog B. Hrank(Coe7s Columbian Potato Wevtiliwer | vce. «cic eesti! = AIBN Secale? IWOGANG fo boa sesesn Secaoeandon doacossooodsoodsoNSCa So Gse coDKE SOS RGD 2609 Special Corn and Potato LeroNUhbAS eSB SGondU racooe nb eonm IddeseaubdnO GsodSooconsc PAD UM UMASS Sel eO@eee) EMiguhVAEP5 cosogndocacdns sonosoucueoRD GadddodeD D005500 coodedeaes LOWELL FERTILIZER CO., BOSTON, MASS. TN Spraiesy IbouyGill Arenliroenl I Telo Acecccseo dossunsdendons oouoooEnse o obbade Sou oto00000 USNS HES ONO’ exo NG HERONS nnavoe ssoasonudand00 09500000000 uDoDOxadoGDOe co0000 1876|Swift’?s Lowell Dissolved Bone and Potash ............2..2.. ss cece rseeencreecces 2 OBO Syynneers) Lon welll (Crromnal BONG sosscaconce seouesDo0GK 000 DodDOoONS BHOGODNR SKE soo500g0 2387 |Swittv’s Lowell Potato Manure. .. 22.2... cee ce were eres 1877|Swift’s Lowell Potato Phosphate NATIONAL FERTILIZER CO., “BRIDGEPORT, CONN. _ 1885|Chittenden’s Ammoniated Bone ........-. 6.0 ies ween e eee ce eee cece ee erceee 1886/Chittenden’s Complete Fertilizer. .....2...-2.. cece ee cece eee terre ene nces cocees PAL KOleunusrarsKsrarics Wikweken Glayealeinls dhecessos |) | auncs | Asddonasone! coopsdoedo Yoo padoooda NEW ENGLAND FERTILIZER CO., BOSTON, MASS. 2378|New England Corn Phosphate. ......... 2... ..0s0. seeeeees saeeee= cv ences seccene: 2379|New England Potato Pertilizer ........-. .2.0ceee 0s cence e mene eerec ences sercees oo 2788|New England Seeding Fertilizers 9 oe. secs soccer wen vanciec stones concnmes EDWIN J. PHILBRICK, AUGUSTA, ME. UH E MONE S LSM OUNAOP 6 sescndoonen coopodoooDoD sopoDGa4 Hien Pou save crave raven stalo Mttsts [otstcneretetnet= ASemas 1 A Seer ae ete a are FERTILIZER INSPECTION. ANALYSES OF MANUFACTURERS’ SAMPLES, 1902. i df NITROGEN. PHOSPHORIC ACID. POTASH. 8 Total. Available.| Total. EI & < | < < | < Ele ie So lie. oo |e E 2 2 aren pert rena ae |! Reto Set a, he reel eh a, ape are tes iN ena ieee ILE Mlmsroue iti yells aie oer odbc ed baht alu piel leer ee oe e Bo | 95 5 a 5 > iS} 3 a 5 3 5 a Pen ees eens ta SN ee ime eS ene Bs |hawes oe | 5 || ways | Sie fy o) oa) fa nas fy bj x Oo fu bj Yo | Yo MN Yo | % % | % | % | % | % || % | % 2592} 0.26] 0.56) 0.82] 0.75|| 1.18} 5.34] 2.90| 6.52| 6.00] 9.42] 9.00|| 1.25! 1.00 2593; 1.29] 1.97| 3-26] 3.00|| 3.51] 1.59] 2.04) $.10/ 7.00] 10.14] 9.00|| 7.24] 7.00 2594| 1.32| 1.88] 3.20] 3.00|| 2.57/ 3.54] 2.27] 6.11! 6 00] 8.38] 8.00|| 10.34] 10.00 2595] 0.79| 1.59] 2.3s]} 2.25|| 2.97) 2.88] 4.24) 5.85] 6.90) 10.09] 10.00/| 10.04/ 10.00 2784| 2.31| 1.50) 3.81] 3.28|/ 5.50| 3.05] 1.90} 8.55| 7.00] 10.45] 8.00|| 7.41] 5.00 9806| 1.26] 0.62! 1.83] 1.65|| 7.24] 1.19] 2.71] 8.53/ 8.00] 11.24] 9.50|| 4.73] 4.00 2797} 0.63] 0.56] 1.19] 1.20!| 6.03| 2.50] 2.70' 8.53] &.50| 11.23] 10.00|] 3.90| 2.50 2796] 0.60; 0.74| 1.34) 1.20)| 7.29] 2.77| 2.53) 9.46] 8.50{ 12-01] 10.00|; 2.98] 2.50 '2798| 0.54] 0.80| 1.34] 1.20|| 6.30) 2.16] 2.49] 9.46] 8.50) 11.95] 10.00|] 3.08] 2.50 2799} 1.46] 0.96] 2.42] 2.40|) 6.03] 1.97] 2.22] 8.00] 7.00] 10.22) 8.50|| 9.35] 8.00 2805} 0.07| 0.73) 0.80] 0.80|| 6.73) 2.57| 2.51] 9.30] 8.50) 12.11} 10.00|| 2.28] 1.50 2800) 1.02] 1.06) 2.08} 1.85|| 6.76) 2.26] 2.30) 9.02] 9.00] 11.32) 13.60|| 3.09] 2.25 2801} 1.68] 0.92] 2.60| 2.30!) 7.15/ 1.53] 2.76] 8.6%] 7.50| 21.44] 8.50|| 6.45] 6.00 2802| 0.63| 0.70| 1.33] 0.80|| 7.15] 2.42} 2.60] 9.57} 7.50] 12.17] 9.00/| 3.11| 3.00 2803} 0.37| 0.66] 1.03} 0.80'| 6.09| 2.36] 2.78) 8.45] 7.50| 11.23] 9.00|| 3.28] 3 00 DRS Nese lleeec ull sara ae ae 6.64| 3.96] 3.06) 10.55) 10.50] 13.61| 12.00|| 2.59) 2.00 2804| 2.30| 2.07| 3.37| 3.40|| 7.5¥| 2.14] 1.77] 9.73] 9.00] 11.50] 10.50|| 6.74] 6.00 2785| 0.52| 0.40) 0.92) 0.40|| 7.27| 3.61] 0.72] 10 88], 6.00] 11.60} 8.00)| 2.86) 2.00 2809] 1.82| 0.79] 2.61] 2.50|| 6.75] 3-64| 1.72) 10.39] 9.00] 12.11] 11.00|| 2.80] 2.00 2786| 0.49] 0.35] 0.84| 0.40|| 7.26] 3.52/ 0.83] 10.78| 6.00] 11.61] 8.0u\| 2.82) 2.00 SSIS Bae, eens Miah pet 8.01/ 1.61] 1.53] 9.62) 10.00] 11.15] 11.00)! 2.34] 2.00 2610} 0.59| 1.07; 1.66] 1.65|| 6.36] 1.54] 2.23] 7.90] 8.00| 10.13) 9.00)| 10.75] 10.00 2787| 1.92) 1.25] 3.17} 3.30)| 5.5u; 2.46] 3.09} 7.96} 8.00] 11.05; 9.00|| 7.22] 7.00 - | 2613} 0.28] 0.78) 1.06] 0.83|/ 8.88] 3.34] 3.03] 7.22] 7.00] 10.25] 8.00|| 1.25] 1.00 2609} 0.59] 10.7 | 1.66] 1.6A|| 5.44) 3.22] 2.54) 8.66] 8.00] 11.20) 9.00|| 3.23] 3.00 2611; 0.31/ 0.99) 1.30} 1.24)| 6.16) 3.02} 2.58} 9.18] 9.00] 11.76| 11.00|| 2.37; 2.00 (1S lieeceal eee Deshler ean ll eee naar 1.01) 10.38) 9.00| 11.39) 10.00} 4.10) 4.00 HSTB he esl cto 3 D806 MAIRGA Il eecle skiers 1.31] 8.27; 8.00| 9.58] 9.00|| 3.56] 3.00 TEV geo eae PECon ESO |esI GSI) entero 1.73] 9.33] 9.00] 11.06) 10.00/| 2.45] 2.00 Bape ed lh seit De Satiea ear Nome walseeth ca are Oe (PRN AD 27:24) OBvOUN Ie col vases 2387| 0.78| 0.94) 1.72) 1.68|| 3.83) 4.47| 1.35] 7.80| 7.00} 9.15) 8.00] 4.52] 4.00 Ty tcagae Naeeee ORG 224i llyser aileceee 1.08) 9.41! 8.00) 10.491 9.00!) 6.96] 6.00 [E2g Bastoalloncnes 2.42| 1.60||....-- lide: 1.61| 9.72] §.00) 11.33] 10.00!) 3.69) 2.00 USK! Ga oolloosose Bong BcBMWilocogoe|laaoaca 1.33) 9.35) &.00) 10.68 10.00) | 6.31} 6.00 2385] °1.22| 1.00) 2.22) 2.47|| 4.45) 2.60) 2.48) 7.05) 6.00| 9.53) 8.00|| 5.94 5.00 %378| 0.76] 1.02] 1.78] 1.65|| 3.85] 4.93] 1.33] 8.78] 8.00] 10.11] 9.00|| 3.23] 3.00 2379| 0.88] 0.88] 1.76] 1.64/| 3.46] 4.89] 0.98] 8.35| 7.00} 9.33] §.00|| 4.28] 4.00 2788| 0.78|- 0.67| 1.45] 1.22|| 4.42! 2.95} 1.91] 7.37] 7.00] 8.58] 8.00/! 2.63] 2.00 | | 1888] 0.38] 1.65] 2.03) 2.00/| 2.00) 5.19] 1.74/ 7.19] 7.06] 893] 9.00|| 5.58] 5.00 | \ }| | 78 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF MANUFACTURERS SAMPLES, 1902. Manufacturer, place of business and brand. Station number, THE PARMENTER & POLSEY FERTILIZER CO., PEABODY, MASS. aoe AVA: Brand Mertilizer: o.0<. <8 oo coe ee ee ee eee caee 2559) Guus Grower 2 ae he Snoseaeeeees SS Se ae oes SSS asl Elymouth Rock Brand Meriilizer’: 2-02. --2..05 cecseces saneee> =ecwers oF eS yeosccs 2124/Special Potato Wertilizer. ~<.25. -s2cc---5 = POCO ae eo een eeeecines seo sass: 2125) Star Brand 'Superphosphates (2 -.2-...ac eee een eb eo camer eee =: PORTLAND RENDERING CO., PORTLAND, ME. 2b Bone Tankase ess lee. pete be ear viens oi de aieinee ae eee tee PROVINCIAL CHEMICAL FERTILIZER co., LIMITED, ST. JOHN, N. B. 2560) Potato Phosphate: 075s oo eon ee en eee ee ee eee RUSSIA CEMENT CO., GLOUCESTER, MASS. 200) Essex Aut Superphosphate © 252-22. 20 s2) S| eee eee tenia Bo teceroce 2601) Essex Complete Manare for Corn, Grain and Grass. - 1411| Bssex Cowplete Manure for Potatoes, Roots and Vegetables acerotos S222 252 S106 Essex Com! Mertilizer..<.c05cc- eee aeeec ep atone e nema dae ree Bet acai Oy 2602|Essex Market Garden and Potato Manure ........-....-.--.-..--.--.- SP RoerSse.- dopa Essex kk Mi Shiand (Potashs ) 222.0 ee eee eee ee ea eee SAGADAHOC FERTILIZER Cuv., " BOWDOINHAM, ME. 2789|| Aroostook Potato Manure |. 2.02 o2c one fore eae ee ee 2a eee 2700) Glark’s Mixture. .i.2-.s seacesecaudewcece 2781, Dirizo Kertiizer” 3 ee <— 2792) Sagadahoc High Grade Superphosphate 2794|Special Potato Fertilizer. ....... .....-- F79t | Vankee Mennlizericc. > 2 a. hi mecenen toeccos cence Bee one eee eee JOHN WATSON, HOULTON, ME. 2608 Watson’s Improved High trade Potato, Manure =2h.. --co.- 2 a eeee NoTE—While this Bulletin was in press the Bowker Fertilizer Company applied for licenses for the Maine State Grange Potato Manure with the following guar- anteed analysis: Nitrogen, 1.50 per cent; available phosphoric acid, 9 per cent; total phosphoric acid, 12 per cenit; potash, 12 per cent; and Maine State Grange Chemicals with a guaranteed analysis of nitrogen, 2 5 per cent: available phos- phorice acid, § per cent; total phosphoric acid, 12 per cent; potash, 4 per cent. The Sagadahoe Fertilizer Company have also applied for license for Special Clover Fertilizer with a guaranteed analysis of available phosphoric acid, 6 per cent; total phosphoric acid. 9 per cent. FERTILIZER INSPECTION. ANALYSES OF MANUFACTURERS’ SAMPLES, 1902. PHOSPHORIC ACID. Station number. Insoluble in Found. Guaranteed. Soluble. Reverted. Soluble in water. —— Ht GSE SS) eet sand are Swe HHO HOW; ie) 04 Al ae CO CO re oo nD Mio ro : NG Co OO et oo for) eto bo = ore for} Teale . oreo or OF tf oe wot A) oh or 12 oe tet Hoel sks Hate jeoed oH eT Iwo or WW HOLL e SO et et [Teor k—) . wean aise LS) Smtosn i) oo lo a) 5 ae otens i> Grape ay > hm nS Sy oo rs oo — _o | Available. Insoluble. Found. Guaranteed. Guaranteed. Found, Guaranteed, yO 09 =] =1 719 wu a? SPNS Bs “172 0 IP PR bed pd ed A . ke bo GO SV “17 0 Hoo Cs oOo © Mo =) olen a to Oro eel) -1 MO io for) a) ilo} ole eile s} Tr og 5 bo O10 Ornm-1 he bet OD mente he MOD Os mH oO ' bo +109 for) lorie se | or wl or 80 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. THE CHIEF PROVISIONS OF THE FERTILIZER LAW APPLYING TO MANUFACTURERS, IMPORT- ERS AND DEALERS. The law for the regulation of the sale and analyses of com- mercial fertilizers makes the following requirements upon manufacturers, importers or dealers who propose to sell or offer for sale commercial fertilizers in the State: 1. The Brand. Each package shall bear, conspicuously printed, the following statements : The number of net pounds contained in each package. The name or trade mark under which it is sold. The name of the manufacturer or shipper. The place of manufacture. The place of business of manufacturer or shipper. The percentage of nitrogen or its equivalent in ammonia. The percentage of potash soluble in water. The percentage of phosphoric acid in available form. The percentage of total phosphoric acid. 2. The Certificate. ‘There shall be filed annually between Noy. 15 and Dec. 15 with the Director of the Station a certifi- cate containing an accurate statement of the brand. This cer- tificate applies to the next succeeding calendar year. (Blanks for this purpose will be furnished on application to the Station.) 3. Manufacturer's Samples. There shall be deposited annu- ally, unless excused by the Director under certain conditions, a sample of fertilizer, with an accompanying affidavit that this sample “corresponds within reasonable limits to the fertilizer which it represents.” 4. Analysis fee. For each brand oi fertilizer sold or offered for sale in the state there shall be paid annually to the Director of the Station “an analysis fee as follows: Ten dollars for the phosphoric acid and five dollars each for the nitrogen and potash, contained or said to be contained in the fertilizer.” 5. The license. Upon receipt of the fee, the certificate and the sample (if required), the Director of the Station “shall issue a certificate of compliance.” [The full text of the law will be sent to those asking for it. ] CHAS. D. WOODS, Director. ORCHARD NOTES. W. M. MUNSON. : As noted in previous reports of the Experiment Station, there have been several attempts to disseminate certain varieties of fruit which should prove hardy in some of the more trying local- ities, and to encourage the cultivation of fruit for home use and for market throughout the State. Although Maine is pre-emi- nently suited to apple growing, there is a very general neglect of this most important fruit. In 1889 cions of the most promising varieties of apples were sent to leading orchardists in various parts of the State for the purpose of studying the adaptability of these varieties to the different conditions. The following year fifty-four Russian varieties were obtained from Professor Budd of the Iowa Agri- cultural College, and were sent to parties in Rangeley, Houlton, and northern Aroostook with the understanding that written reports were to be returned from time to time. With few excep- tions these reports have been very meager and unsatisfactory. A personal examination of the trees has been made, however, and notes upon their condition and value made from time to time. In 1891, and for two or three years following, a special effort was made to introduce some of the newer fruits mentioned into the northern part of Aroostook county, where, until the advent of the Oldenburg and the Wealthy, all attempts at apple culture had failed. In accordance with this plan arrangements were made with Mr. James Nutting of Perham to test such varieties as might be sent him and report upon the same each year. Until the death of Mr. Nutting, in 1894, this plan was carried out and promising results were obtained——See Annual Report 1891, p. 97; 1892, p. 90. The writer has made several visits to the orchard and recorded the behavior of the several varieties. At the Station orchard duplicates of most of the varieties obtained 6 82 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1go2. have been grown for purposes of study and for dissemination if thought desirable. The present report is based upon the obser- vations made in the several localities. HARDY APPLES IN MAINE. As above noted, the Experiment Station has since 1890 had under observation several apples of Russian origin, and other varieties originating either in the colder parts of Maine or in the northwest. All of these varieties are hardy and most of them are productive. Very few of them, however, are worthy of general dissemination in those parts of Maine where the well known varieties of English and American origin will thrive. In the northern part of the State some of them are valuable and some are worthy of culture under any conditions. The accom- panying table gives a concise description and estimate of the value of the several varieties tested, both for the northern coun- ties and for the general apple growing sections of the State. The most promising sorts are treated more in detail. The widely varying conditions existing in different parts of Maine render a general statement as to the value of any given variety only approximately correct. Some varieties which are considered specially valuable in Aroostook county are unknown in the southern counties ; while others, which are of merit for the south, are not sufficiently hardy for the northern portion. In the accompanying list separate columns are assigned for the value of each variety in the northern and southern parts of the State. The first column marked “north” includes Aroostook, and the northern parts of Piscataquis, Somerset, Penobscot and Wash- ington counties. The column marked “south” includes Oxford, Kennebec, Waldo and all of the southern counties. The num- bers in parentheses are the importation numbers of Prof. Budd. The value of any given variety is indicated thus: Two stars (**) indicate a variety of special merit, one to be recommended for general culture. One star (*) shows that the variety is worthy of cultivation, though not of superior merit. A dagger (+) indicates a variety not fully tested in the region designated. A dash (—) shows that the variety has been tried and 1s not con- sidered worthy. The abbreviations used in characterizing the several varieties are fully explained below. As an example of their interpretation ee 6 5. ORCHARD NOTES. 83 take the Alexander. As will be seen, the variety is described as a large, striped apple of roundish-conical form and moderately good quality in season during the autumn. It is of Russian origin and is worthy of general planting. CATALOGUE OF THE HARDIEST APPLES. Abbreviations used.—Size—], large; m, medium; s, small. Form—c, conical; ob oblate; r, roundish. Color—g, green; r,red; gy, greenish-yellow; yr, yellow and red; rs, red striped; rus, russetted. Flavor—a, acid; sa, sub-acid; s, sweet. Flesh—b, breaking; d, dry; j, juicy; c¢, crisp; t, tough. Season—E A, early autumn; L A, late autumn, W, winter. H DESCRIPTION. VALUE. | Variety. | : 0 eee lita é - | : Remarks. | oll epee) Ss 2 4\4a | 2 xm Sy) Bae at sett alle Sez ge: Ps Sia EO mM eile atone: Pane | Onno | ® = Oo} & | =| om | yo Wis tee | } ! ; ioe | fecal at AVE XAN GEE. cil s ] refer!) al J A| Rus.) **| * A popular market | | | | sort. Anisim (18m) ..... s| ele xf Valle 4 A| Rus.| *4|. *#/Of the Jonathan } | type, very pro- | | ductive. Aport (252) ........ ] e]/gr} oa j A| Rus.| **| */Of Alexander type. | } Arabka (257).....-. m| rejgr| al ad W! Rus.| +#/——|Dry, insipid, but | | very handsome, | | | resembling Blue | } | Pearmain. JMO DN Opsoer net acer mj) rejyrisa cj Wi N.Y.) *#) , #/A hardy Bald- H win.” PATENT: strom S| Tever, val 4 WINE Yel “Gileecsl Very hardy, prom- | } | | ising north. Bethel ..... Hs Severs de m| r) rs| al cj Ww) Vt.. * *|Promising for the | | north. Borsdorf (356) ....-| s| rob} y/| sal -e¢ W| Rus.| *| *!Small but hardy, | | } | productive, and } } || | |_ keeps well. Cross (413)-.... ... m| re) rs} al j A. Rus. *—— Good for cooking. IDETEN? coe coane har m rely! a ¢j) WA}; Rus t| t|Handsome, promis- | { | } ing. Duehess No. §&..... m| re] rs| a} cj) LA] Minn. f| ft)/Promising seed- ‘ | ling of Olden- | | | } burg. Dire se cesm, eonco | ij robljry| al bj; EW! Me.| ** */Widely planted in | | | northern Maine. Early Searlet...... m/ rel sr aj ejj EA| Can.) **| t/Good. Of Astra- | | | chan type. Barly Sweet. = .--) m CA BY jj s| EA RSs ea \ [ee os EEXCelSiO“=~- --/ 1 my] obec} rg} a} cj A| Minn. f| t)Scabs badly. Gig COnas. ele )-- | ml roblyr| al j A| Minn.|....|/——'Rots at core. | | | | Gideon No. 6....... m clyr| al ej A| Minn.| f|....|A large handsome crab; seedling of Gideon. Golden Reinette ... m CSG MIEN) aah A Rus.} f¢)--. |Promising. Green Crimean | , (399) ] Ginna j A Rus. *\——/Good for cooking. Harry Kaunip..... s} rob) y; a} a W Eu. t t/Small, hardy, good : | keeper. Hayford Sweet....| mm c| zr} s| e Ww Me.| **) ...)“The best sweet | apple for tho | north.” | | Hibernal (378)..... l] obe| rs a cj) A Rus.| * *|Good for cooking. 84 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. CATALOGUE OF THE HARDIEST APPLES—CONTINUED. Variety. Iowa Blush........ Koursk Anis... ..- Koursk Reinette (20M) Lead (8M) ......-.- Longfield (161) Losouka (4Orel) .- Malinda .......... Malett ............- McMahon ........ N. W. Greening ... North Star......... October... .- .-. Okobena. ....... Oldenburg .... .--- Ostrakoff (4M) .... Patten’s (Greening Piinlke ANTS) cooosadcc Prolific Sweeting.|, Repka Aport (261). Royal Table (5M). Russian Graven- stein (135M) ..... Sandy Glass (24M); Saunkernaty ..... Severs ....... «-.- Shiawassee........ Silken Leaf (75M). Sklanka........... Skruischapfel (42 WOR) ca50604 /on00 m Remarks. DESCRIPTION. ye begs les oO | SC > Nn & Sp SIS Peer See a Mn is Oo |} m& | & M fe) m yr aj ¢ WwW ] g| aj} e| LA ] eit) Bil @4y m a} yr| al ej; LA m rs| a j m grj a j Ww m 2701: eee ae] J yr) aj cj ] g| al) tj m yell YL el) LAN m yr] a jj) HA m rs} aj bj) LA ] rs} aj bji EA m iP HY j wil Si) Gl gry; a J yl bj) LA ++ pear = * = * * * + * Good for cooking. Good for cooking. A profuse annual bearer of good quality. Drops badly. Large, handsome, promising north. Handsome, prolific; a late keeper. One of Gideon’s crab seedlings. Promising north. The standard au- tumn variety, north. .|Promising north. ./Seedling of Olden- bur: Very productive; shows crab pa- rentage. Very prolific. The best sweet Russian. Similar to Alexan- der. .|Promising for Aroostook. Promising, but drops rather badly. .|Drops badly. Small, drops badly, poor quality. Of the Astrachan type. ; Should be more widely planted both north and south, | Good for cooking. Drops badly; of poor quality. Small, poor; drops badly. ORCHARD NOTES. 85 CATALOGUE OF THE HARDIEST APPLES—CONCLUDED. DESCRIPTION. VALUE. Variety. : es 5 é 5 [| aloe Remarks. S| eerie) ail pans Se eet St Glee le s&s a) ones 7) = Oo | & | & 7) o) A\|n Striped Winter.... ] ©) Psy El j A Rus.|....|....;Coarse, poor in quality ; drops badly. SIWAUZ EN ie ielelesiieieiale 6 || 300) Cats j A Rus. {|--» |Poor quality. Table Apple...... Siavobi) ge) all) t A ISS | tle Tetofsky......5 <.. s (GPs Yl all 1 8ys\ Rus.| *|..../Too soft and poor : | in quality. Thompson 26...... m OWSsvd) Eye TO) Mae niabon gel) ay] ap : Hardy seedlings Thompson 29 ..... 5o00|/no0004 sa00l|a00 flecaal| acooc Minn.) ft] ft from Jewell } S Nursery Co., Thompson 43...... 66 footer soofeodel| aocllosssad Minn.| f| f Lake City, Minn. Thompson 24...... ] c| rs} a jj A} Minn. ft] f Tiesenhausen. ...| .. |....-- Seelojocod|bobs|ion aoe Rus.|....|—|Small, worthless. JON ihe Goace ; l]} obec) yr} ajbr A Rus. ti——|Showy but coarse. PERU'S hncresrareisis:pvole™isisics 1] obec] rs| aj cj A Rus. t|\——|Showy but coarse; ; drops badly. Vargulek (12M) ...| m ©] msi} fe) i} A Rus. t+|——| Drops badly. 38 Voronesch ...... m| obec] rs} sa} bj| EA Rus. {/——|Similar to Duchess. | A little earlier. Wealthy ........... m| obe|gr| sa j) EW; Minn.| **| **|A good general purpose sort. Wolf River....... 1 ] e|/ rs} a j) LA} Minn. t t|Coarse, showy. Attention is again called to the fact that the varieties here named do not constitute a complete list of the hardy apples of Maine but, as stated, only the newer and a few of the well known ironclad sorts are considered. Of the list, those of greatest value are described below. i MOST VALUABLE RUSSIANS. Of the fifty or more varieties of Russian apples which have been planted in the Station orchard, very few are worthy of general recommendation for planting in Maine. Most of them, as grown in this section of the State, are autumn varieties which, though exceedingly productive and perfectly hardy, are of inferior quality, keep poorly and drop badly before maturity. Of the list but three—Alexander, Longfield and Yellow Trans- parent—can be recommended for general culture in competition with apples of American and West European origin, and the number to be advised for the colder sections of the State is not 86 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. large. The most promising, in addition to the varieties already named, are Anisim, Arabka, Borsdorf, Cross, Green Crimean, Hibernal, Koursk Reinette, Pink Anis, Prolific Sweeting, Repka Aport, Russian Gravenstein. Many others thrive but, as noted, are inferior. Below is given a condensed description of the varieties named; Alexander. Fruit large, roundish-conical, greenish-yellow, washed and splashed with crimson; calyx large, open, set in a deep often russetted basin, stem short, stout, inserted in a deep. cavity. Flesh yellowish, rather coarse grained, juicy, sub-acid. Good. Season, October and November. ‘Tree hardy, vigorous, spreading, productive. The good form, large size and bright color of this fruit attract attention in any market and it is one of the best of the autumn varieties for the kitchen. The chief objections to it are its short season and the fact that it decays very quickly if even slightly injured. The Alexander is one of a race or family of Russian apples (the Aport family) which is represented in the Station orchard by two other varieties—Repka Aport and No. 252. Anisim. Fruit small to medium, roundish-conical, greenish- yellow almost completely overlaid with rich dark crimson; calyx smal!, in a medium basin; stem slender, in a rather deep cavity. Flesh white, crisp, juicy, sub-acid. Good. Season October to February. This variety, which has been called the “Jonathan of the North” is very hardy, productive and prolific. Unless the fruit is thinned it is likely to be small. Arabka. Fruit large, oblate-conical, greenish, washed with purple and covered with a dense bloom; calyx large in a moder- ately deep, slightly corrugated basin; stem medium inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh greenish white, juicy but rather tough, sharp acid and lacking in richness. Season, January to April. This is a very handsome apple, somewhat resembling Blue Pearmain. It is very hardy, productive, and an excellent keeper for the northern sections, but its quality is inferior. Borsdorf. Fruit small, oblate, yellow, sometimes with blush cheek in the sun; calyx large, open, in broad shallow basin; stem slender, in a medium cavity. Flesh yellowish, firm, juicy, sub- acid. Good. Season, January to April. ORCHARD NOTES. 87 But for its rather small size, this variety would be specially good for the colder sections of the State. It is of the Rhode Island Greening type, is of good quality, and an excellent keeper. Cross. Fruit medium, oblate-conical, greenish-yellow washed and splashed with crimson. Flesh white, crisp, juicy, brisk acid. AGood for cooking. Season, September to November. The tree is hardy, vigorous and productive. The fruit, which resembles Haas, is inclined to drop badly, however, and it is not recommended for any except the most trying sections of the State. There is some doubt as to the identity of this variety as growing in the Station orchard. _ Green Crimean. Fruit large, conical, yellowish-green chang- ing to yellow at maturity ; stem medium, cavity deep; calyx open; basin shallow, corrugated. Flesh greenish-white, tender, juicy, acid. Good. Season, October to December. The tree is vigorous, spreading, hardy, productive. A good autumn variety for cooking. Flibernal. Fruit medium to large, oblate-conical, greenish- yellow washed and splashed with bright red; stem short, stout, inserted in a deep, rather broad, russetted cavity ; basin medium, slightly corrugated; calyx open. Flesh yellowish, crisp, tender, juicy, acid; core, small. Good. Season, October to December. Tree very hardy, of strong, low, spreading habit; vigorous; productive. Although not a dessert apple this variety is valuable for cooking, and on account of its hardiness and productiveness is one of the best of the newer Russian sorts. Longfield. Introduced from Russia in 1870. Fruit medium, roundish-conical, pale yellow with light red cheek; stem slender, inserted in a deep, very narrow, slightly russetted cavity; basin medium, wrinkled; calyx partly open. Flesh white, crisp, very juicy, tender, brisk sub-acid. Good for cooking and dessert. Season, September to January. The tree is very hardy and productive, and unless the fruit is thinned it is liable to be undersized. In common with most Russian sorts it drops badly, but on account of its good quality, its hardiness and productiveness it is one of the best of its class. Pink Anis. Fruit small to medium, conical, golden washed and splashed with carmine. Flesh yellowish, crisp, very juicy, mildly acid. Good. Season, September to December. 88 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. The tree is vigorous, upright, spreading, productive. The fruit drops rather badly, but otherwise it is a good autumn variety. It was received under the name of Golden Reinette and was described under that name in a former report. Prolitic Sweeting. Fruit medium, conical, somewhat irregu- lar, pale yellow, usually russetted in the rather deep cavity. Flesh white, crisp, rather dry, sweet. Good. Season, Septem- ber and October. This variety, imported in 1870, is the most valuable fall sweet apple for the northern part of the State. It is planted largely in northern Vermont and was regarded very highly by Dr. Hoskins. In size and color it resembles Yellow Transparent. Russian Gravenstein. Fruit medium to large, conical, some- what angular ; greenish-yellow washed, striped and splashed with crimson; stem set in a deep cavity ; calyx open, in a broad rather shallow basin. Flesh yellowish, tender, breaking, juicy, sub- | acid. Good for cooking or dessert. Season, September. The tree is hardy, vigorous, spreading, and productive. It does well in northern Aroostook, but will not supersede the Oldenburg, which it somewhat resembles. . Yellow Transparent. Fruit medium, roundish-oblate, slightly conical; clear pale yellow; stalk medium, slender, in a rather large greenish cavity; calyx closed, in a medium, slightly corru- gated basin. Flesh white, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly sub- acid. Good. Season, August. 3 This variety is now well known and recognized as a valuable early summer apple suitable for any locality. The principal objection to it is its very delicate color. The slightest bruise is evident. The reason for discarding most of the Russian apples tested may be summed up in a very few words, Viz. :Poor quality, early season, habit of dropping before maturity. SOME OTHER GOOD VARIETIES. Besides the Russian apples, there are many of the older varie- ties of American origin which are perfectly hardy over a large portion of the State. Some of these are the standard market varieties of central and southern Maine; others, like those men- ORCHARD NOTES. 8&9 tioned below, are valuable but not generally known. ‘The varie- ties here named are all growing in the Station orchard and are commended only after careful personal observation. Arctic. This variety was fully described in a former report.* It is attracting considerable attention in the State and is worthy of trial where Baldwin will not succeed. It has been character- ized as a “hardy Baldwin,” though averaging larger than the older variety and being of a milder flavor. Botken. Fruit large, oblate, rich greenish-yellow overlaid with carmine, sprinkled with numerous white dots. Stem set in deep slightly russetted cavity ; calyx large, open, set in a broad, rather deep slightly corrugated basin. Flesh white, crisp, juicy, slightly acid. Good. Season late winter. The tree is very vigorous, spreading and productive. A prom- ising variety of the Rhode Island Greening type. Doctor. Fruit large, roundish oblate, yellow washed and splashed with red, with numerous grayish dots. Stalk medium, deeply set; calyx large open, set in a wide, slightly corrugated basin. Flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, breaking, aromatic, sub- acid. Good to very good. November to April. This variety was sent to the Station by the U. $. Dept. of Agriculture under the name of “Newby,” but has since been ' identified as above. It is a Pennsylvania apple; said to be a rather indifferent grower, but, as top-worked on Alexander, has given excellent results in the Station orchard. The variety is promising for New England. Hurlbut. Though an old variety, this apple is not as well known as its merits deserve. It is hardy, productive, of excellent quality and keeps until late in the spring. March 1 not one of the specimens placed in the cellar had begun to decay. Milding. The Milding * well deserves its reputation as a valuable early winter variety. It is of good size, hardy, produc- tive and is highly prized for family use, and for market where known. The trees are among the best in the Station orchard. Munson Sweet. This old Massachusetts variety is justly popular wherever known, but is not so widely planted as it should be. The tree is vigorous, spreading, and an annual and abundant bearer.. Fruit medium oblate, pale yellow, often with * Rep. Maine Exp. Sta. 1896, 70. ‘See Rep. Maine Agv’l Exp. Sta. 1896, go MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. a blush. Stem short, inserted in a rather large cavity; calyx closed, basin small. Flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, sweet. Good to very good. September to February. Of 109 average specimens placed in the cellar October 15, but two showed signs of decay on January 22, and the flavor and texture were still normal. The tree is vigorous, productive and hardy as far north as Perham. Northwestern Greening. ‘Tree vigorous, spreading, hardy. Fruit large, conical, clear yellowish-green sprinkled with lighter dots. Stalk medium, cavity rather deep, russetted ; calyx partly open, basin slightly corrugated. Core very large. Flesh green- ish-white, coarse grained, juicy but tough, mildly acid. Good. Season, late winter. Rolfe. ‘This variety, which was commended in the previous report,* still thrives and bears well in protected localities in northern Aroostook. It is a valuable sort for family use wher- ever grown. . Shiawassee. Fruit medium, oblate, greenish-white overlaid with crimson, with stripes and splashes of a deeper shade. Flesh firm, white, tender, juicy, brisk sub-acid. Very good. Season October to February. This seedling of Fameuse, originating in Shiawassee county, Michigan, is larger and altogether finer than its parent. It possesses more character and keeps longer than Fameuse. The tree is vigorous, productive and perfectly hardy as. far north as Perham. Wealthy. This variety, which originated with Peter M. Gideon of Excelsior, Minn., from seed said to have been taken from Maine, is too well known to need description; though its full value is not appreciated. It is hardy in northern Aroostook, is of good color. excellent habit and is very productive. It is an autumn variety in southern Maine, but with improved shipping facilities, it may readily be put upon the markets of London and Liverpool where it is always in good demand. Growers too often make the mistake of allowing this variety to overbear and thus produce undersized fruit. Westheld. The old “Seek-no-iurther,” long popular in New York and Michigan, is being more widely planted and better *Rep. Maine Agr’! Exp. Sta. 1896, 71. ORCHARD NOTES. gl known as a valuable hardy winter apple. It is yielding well in the Station orchard and is hardy in Perham. Its color is not equal to Baldwin, but for family use it is excellent and when known wili find a ready market. York Imperial. Many inquiries have been received concern- ing the York Imperial. As top-worked upon a Russian variety in the Station orchard the tree is hardy, upright, of very vigorous habit, but has only just begun to bear. The few specimens pro- duced the past season have kept well and are of good quality, but the high color for which Maine growers usually look is wanting. SOME MAINE SEEDLINGS. The most valuable fruits for any difficult climate are usually those of local origin or those from regions having similar climatic conditions. While the Russian varieties have wrought a revo- lution in the possibilities of fruit production in the northwest, we have already seen that comparatively few of them are of special value in Maine. There are, however, many seedlings of local reputation which are worthy the attention of our fruit growers— particularly those whe are located in the rich agricultural section of northern Maine. A few of the most important of these are mentioned below and a complete list of Maine seedlings is at present being worked up. Aroostook. “A sweet golden russet of medium size which keeps without any trouble until July 1.” The tree originated about thirty years ago on the farm of Silas S. Stiles, Mapleton, Aroostook county. It has a good local reputation and is worthy of wider dissemination. Its parent was “some kind of a Greening raised in Cumberland county.” Dudley. (Dudley’s Winter, North Star). A seedling of Oldenburg. grown by J. W. Dudley, Castle Hill, Aroostook county. Tree: very vigorous, spreading, hardy and productive, with large, roundish-oblong, greenish-yellow fruit, washed and splashed with crimson. Stem medium, inserted in a deep cavity ; calyx partly open, basin large. Flesh yellowish, crisp, breaking, rather coarse, brisk sub-acid. Good. September to January— later in Aroostook county. This variety is, perhaps, more widely grown than any other of the newer sorts originating in New England. It is being dis- Q2 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. seminated by a New York nursery firm under the name “North Star’—an unfortunate circumstance as there is another very different variety bearing that name by right of priority. It isa valuable acquisition as a winter fruit for the northern parts of the State, but as grown at Orono it is decidedly a fall variety. Rolfe. Originated in the town of Guilford about 1820. Fruit medium to large, oblate, often angular, yellowish, shaded and striped with red. Stalk short, inserted in a large cavity; calyx large, closed, in a rather large, regular basin. Flesh white, _ fine-grained, tender, juicy, sub-acid; core small. Good to very good. November to January. Though comparatively an old variety, the Rolfe is not as widely known as it should be. ‘The variety originated on high land in the town of Guilford, about a mile from the Piscataquis river. The seed from which it sprang was brought from West- ern Maine to that place by a Mr. Rolfe. About 1820 the original - tree, together with several other young seedlings was given to Elder Macomber—hence the name Macomber applied to this variety by Downing. A sprout from the original tree is still standing on the Macomber farm and produces annual crops of fruit. H. L. Leland of East Sangerville, has more than a hun- dred trees of this variety in his orchard and says: “The Rolfe in our local markets, sells better and at bigger prices than any other variety that we grow. It sells well as a shipping apple, though not much known.’’ As already noted, the variety is hardy in sheltered locations as far north as Presque Isle, and it is regarded highly wherever known. Stowe. Originated in Perham, Aroostook county, about 1875. Tree vigorous, spreading, very hardy, an annual bearer. Fruit medium to large, roundish conical, greenish-yellow with blush cheek, and with many small whitish dots. Stem, short slender, inserted in a medium cavity. Flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, sub-acid. Core small. Good. February to May, in Aroostook. This variety has never attracted the attention of nurserymen, but has had a good local reputation for several years. It is well ; cpr aie ane worthy of general dissemination as a valuable “ironclad” variety. . Its history, as given in the report‘of the Maine Pomological Society for 1895, is essentially as follows: Seed was brought to Perham from Massachusetts by Francis Stowe about 1862, and are ee een te tees ORCHARD NOTES. 93 the variety in question was one of the resulting seedlings. The tree was isolated in 1875 and has been known locally for several years as Stowe’s Winter. Mr. Rufus F. Stowe, son of the originator, writes that “it will kcep longer than anything except Ben Davis and is nearly equal to that.” Other hardy local seedlings which are being more or less extensively planted in northern Maine are Hayford Sweet,— regarded as the best winter sweet—Monroe Sweet, and Mcintire Sweet. Hayford Sweet is much hardier than Talman and takes the place of that variety as a late keeping sweet apple. A SUGGESTION. The foregoing notes represent pretty nearly the present status of the hardy apples which have been tried in Maine. The mul- tiplicity of varieties may, however, be confusing to some who purpose growing fruit for market. To such the oft repeated advice, “for market plant few varieties,” is most strongly urged. Over a large portion of Maine any of the more prominent com- mercial varieties will thrive, but in those sections where the _ standard of hardiness is marked by Oldenburg and Wealthy it is well to make a virtue of necessity and for commercial purposes plant only those sorts which have a recognized commercial value or those which are of such conspicuous merit that a market is assured. The varieties named are hardy, productive, attractive and have an established reputation in Boston and in English markets, a fact which assures ready sale for all choice fruit. English buyers.are at the present time urging the more extensive planting of Wealthy in southern Maine to supply the demand for fall fruit in London and Liverpool, and will welcome the hun- dreds of barrels that every year waste for want of local buyers in the northern portion of the State. Really choice Oldenburgs frequently net three dollars (sometimes more) per barrel in Bos- ton, yet every year hundreds of barrels of this fruit lie on the ground and decay. Alexander, also, is always in demand at good prices. The need of fruit growers in northern Mane is not so much new hardy varieties which will compare w ith Baldwin, Greening and Northern Spy as it is a better appreciation of the merits of the varieties already known to thrive, a better acquaint- 94 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1go2. ance with markets and market demands, and more. care in culti- vating and managing the orchards. For home use a wider range of varieties is desirable and a selection from the list above mentioned may be made to suit per- sonal preferences. In no case, however, is it wise to plant too freely of untried sorts. Varieties-of known value and hardiness may be planted as stocks on which the newer kinds may be top- worked at will. THE KEEPING QUALITY OF CERTAIN APPLES. Icr the purpose of comparing the keeping qualities of certain varieties of apples growing in the Station orchard, several speci- mens of each were placed in a cool cellar and were examined from time to time through the winter. A few of the varieties— wiz: Longfield, Munson Sweet, Sandy Glass, Koursk Reinette, Green Crimean, and Haas were harvested about two weeks before removai to the cellar, and were kept in the potting shed at the greenhouse. ‘The remainder were placed in the cellar after two days. Some of the varieties—notably Golden Russet, Talman and Winesap—were harvested a little too early for the best results and shrivelled badly early in the season. The following table shows in detail the condition of the several varieties at various times during the winter. A record was kept of the number of specimens of each variety which was worthless at each examination and the number only slightly decayed or “specked.” In the table, however, all affected specimens are referred to as decayed. The fruit was placed in the cellar October 9. Critical examin- ation of all specimens was made as indicated in the table. ie ORCHARD NOTES. 95 NUMBER DECAYED. Sl Bq Saline eda ay ; Variety. Ell triltiee ets has ees Remarks. of18/siz/al/a OSS Pee (ee Sul Gul en ea leGa las Sni4Z4iQinrlaila ZA SUM alatolnieisiclelelel=isis/olelelel= 75) 2) 4) 6| 10/——|Should be used by Jan.1. Flavor badly impaired Jan. 22. ANROUG aeocccoeads a0 o000 40}.. 1} 2)... |Oneofthe best. In excellent con- condition at last examination. SURO oacapsdoode Gecasace 6!. This variety and the next are firm as when put in the cellar. ISOHIRGIN S sodecbence sooced bilge JEOWS@IO GagcoodeccoDs0nAE SCs 8| 6) — (Inclined to shrivel. Loses flavor by the last of January. (CHOSE Gesccas choos 6 cand. 48} 4] 1) 3) 12) .../Soft and shrivelled in January. Quality still good. All worth- | less March 1. Doctor............... ...- 75| 1). 2} 4 3/All remaining specimens in excellent condition at close of test. IDWIGINGN oso sanseacods goood 47; 10| 7| 12;——|\——|Should be used by January 1. Flavor lost. Golden Russet........... 57 1} 2/Picked too early. Shrivelled badly early in the season, but retained flavor well. (Green Crimean yg...) 44) 5] 2) 22/——|——/A fall variety; worthless after January 1. HIDGIS oosdde0sosn woeagedce 44, 5| 4| . 7;——|——|A December variety. All very soft when examined in Jan. Harry Kaump............ 48). PAN 5 5|An excellent keeper, but loses flavor by March 1. JADEN OM caoee soodasccocus 45|.. 9,Oneofthe best. Begins to break down in March. Koursk Reinette....... -| 45) 10} 10) 14, ——/)——|An autumn variety; should be le used by Deceinber 15. WAT Ze ANUS. «0. ces ace 47}. 2} 2) 5\——|Retains forin and color but is mostly softand worthless after ~ January 15. Lead Apople......... .... 42| 7| 3)! 2 =7/——|Begins to soften and rot at the | core in January. Lone ial gas sepacoouonos 74| 4! 1| 9| 17\——|Begins to shrivel and lose flavor in January MIGIINIA SS ddsooseerooseuseore 61 ] 1). .,One of the best Keepers; not of high quality. WS Gig ibaveso9 oe > doon sonoon 26}. 1|- 2} 4\In excellent condition at close of test. Munson Sweet........... 100 2, 2) 3)/Form and flavor still good at close of test. Northwestern Greening.| 25). 50 ..|As firm in texture at close of | test as at first. Good. IGE Go 5eh DM aOLOMEecE Bode 39). 1, 2—'—Retains form and color well, but : is soft and worthless for market after January 1. IPGWiANKEE! ; SP ss re ee. | x 4 = HP = pete barren carr meee’ hy s. ——s. ; = K s ~ i = = =i ee } pie Ee Wes ean Nga : Bo (cre or \ SLADE SBP Te it a ena eS | Se ee. Wr Veaties Tis so Seance Oe Petr) erg | Rarer pe 2 RD enc ES or ES. | A ER > ; ' . ia at yy te PEATE eveie oi iS = PORAR DRA AA 9, AA M == SSC — Se ae | = D re » ' de ! : | q Be rey 3) (eo) 2 | 1 u it | ° ' , q f | pd i} U ! i] i} TT eee Se eT, nee hah l-g | es eee ee em = ! . I A) fy PLATE VL Fig. 11.. Transverse section through the posterior part of the head of a wingless adult female. j Fig. 12. Transverse section through the posterior part of the first. thoracic ganglion. i Fig. 13. Transverse section through the fourth abdominal somite of a — winged adult femaie. See page 113 for reference letters. 125 THRIPS. GRASS PLATE VI. Fig. ll. {7 =e Xs Ga pS 2 2) eee LET ATT TI 3. Re a Oe & UE Fig. 12. READE Vie Fig. vA Tracheal system of a wingless adult female (somewhat diagrammatic). : ; Fig. ‘15. Diagram of the distribution of the tracheee in atypical abdominal somite. Fig. 16. Fore leg of an adult wingless female. See page i113 for reference letters. r27 THRIPS. GRASS PLATE VII. 128 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. TREATMENT. As the thrips feeds by sucking the juices of the plants, contact poisons, as kerosene emulsion, or whale oil soap, are the only ones which are of use in combating it. Where onlv a small area is infested; one of the insecticides just mentioned or even a liberal application of water will prove successiul in controlling the pest. When a large area is iniested, the application of an insecticide is not feasible on account oi the expense of materials and application. In such a case the burn- ing of the dead stalks after the ground has frozen in the fall, so as to secure a close burn, without injuring the roots of the grass, May prove successful. With badly run out fields, which are the ones most likely to be badly infested, the best remedy is deep plowing in the fall or in the early spring before the grass has started. Ii this is followed by thorough cultivation, none of the insects will be able to make their way to the suriace of the ground. #3 CEREAL BREAKFAST FOODS. L. H. Merritt and EF. R. MANSFIELD. ‘Three years ago a bulletin was issued from this Station con- taining the analyses of about 40 cereal breakfast foods. The demand for the bulletin proved unexpectedly large and persistent and the edition was soon exhausted. In view of the growing importance of this class of foods it has seemed advisable to issue another bulletin upon the same subject, containing the analyses of those preparations which are found upon the market to-day. THE CEREAI. GRAINS. Among the vegetable foods best adapted to the wants of man, the cereal grains occupy by far the most prominent place. The methods by which these grains are prepared for our use are so various and the manufactured products so multitudinous that it is difficult to fix the relative food value of the grains themselves. Thus it would be manifestly unwise to generalize upon the rela- tive value of wheat and corn, if we base our conclusions merely upon the chemical composition of a patent flour on the one side, from the wholly decorticated and degerminated:kernel, and that of a corn meal on the other side, in which most of the outer coat- ing of the kernel and practically all the germ are left in the fin- ished product. Nevertheless a comparison of the grains from the chemical standpoint is not without interest and is attempted in the following table, which includes all the cereals concerned in this bulletin. Since barley, oats and rice are always decorti- cated before they are eaten, the analyses of these grains entire are not given. 130 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION OF BARLEY, CORN, OATS, RICE AND WHEAT. re 3 2 Dee eke | Sh ean ee Seon Per ct.|Per ct.|Prct.|Prct.|Per ct.|Pr ct. IRENE WAC Booocnsnan00 caocepnogcddodanD00s 14.83 | 10.89 | 1.23 | 0.47 | 71.85 -63 IBA, JOS So ooonooanne ca 6 O05 aanosoos 12.82 7.25 | 1.15 | 1.36 | 76.19 | 1.23 (COIN ifoscsaa0sd000000G000 doDonDOn00G000D0 © KOD 10.75 | 10.00 | 4.25 | 1.75 | 71.75 | 1.50 Oats, rolled, 20 analyses f............ «2... 7.70 | 16.70 | 7.30 | 1.380 | 64.90 | 2.10 Rice, hulled, unpolished § .... ........-++- 12.00 8.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 76.00 1.00 Rice, hulled, polished §.... ....... ssese-s- 12.40 7.50 -40 -40 | 78.80 -50 \VINGENE T cag npagod saaboc0dagouddesosegecauabe 10.60 | 12.25 | 1.75 | 2.40 | 71.25) 1.75 * Knight. Food and [ts Functions, p. 161. t Wiley. Foods and Food Adulterants, Bul. 13, part 7, Div. Chem., U.S. Dept: Agr., p. 1190. t U.S. Dept. Agr., Office of Expt. Stations, Bul. 25 (Revised), p. 57. § Wiley. Foods and Food Adulterants, Bul. 13, part 9, Div. Chem., pp. 1182-3. Barley is not very extensively eaten in this country, where its principal use has been in broths and soups. In the so-called barley bread, a considerable proportion of wheat flour is mixed with the barley meal. According to Knight, such bread is usually heavy, rather indigestible, and somewhat laxative. The latter property is shared by many of the coarser cereal prepara- tions and can probably be attributed to the mechanical condition, rather than to the chemical composition of the food. As barley is very generally employed in the manufacture of malt, its pres- e1ice in the malted foods is to be expected. Corn from its composition and cheapness deserves a more extended use. Although below wheat and hulled oats in the amount of protein which it contains, it is very rich in fat, ranking next to hulled oats in this respect. As corn meal, the form in which it is generally put upon our markets, it is regarded as less digestible than the other cereal products. ‘This is probably in large part due to its coarse milling and the large amount of bran which it contains. The fat, which is largely confined to the germ, is a source of weakness, since it readily becomes rancid and the meal becomes musty. Hominy and samp, from which the germ has been removed, are free from this objection. An CEREAL BREAKFAST FOODS. 131 improved method of milling corn is now coming into use by which the kernel is degerminated before being ground, the result being a product of much better keeping qualities. Oats. ‘The analysis of rolled oats given in the above table may be accepted as representing the composition of the kernel when deprived of its outer woody coating. In this condition their nutritive properties are in excess of those of any other of our common cereals. They contain one-third more protein than wheat and nearly four times as much fat. On the other hand they contain less starch than wheat; but since starch possesses a much lower nutritive value than protein and fat, the oats must be considered the more nutritious. Rice is the poorest in proteids and ash of the cereals here con- sidered and is correspondingly rich in starch. In China and the East Indies it forms the principal food of the poorer classes and failure of the rice crop would mean famine to at least one-third of the human race. In this country it is more generally culti- vated than formerly, but its consumption is still largely in excess of the domestic production. Wheat is by far the most important of our cereals, since it is the only one the proteids of which form a true gluten, the pecul- iar tenacity of which makes a leavened or “raised” bread possible. This property in itself must forever distinguish wheat as the bread-making cereal par excellence. Quite aside from this, however, the nutritive value of wheat must place it in the front rank of vegetable foods. In protein content it is excelled only by hulled oats. COMPOSITION OF CEREAL BREAKFAST FOODS. During the past few years a large number of cereal breakfast foods has been placed upon the market and the number is con- stantly increasing. The composition of many of these goods is given in the tables which follow. In the first two tables, pages 132-3, are sum- marized the analyses of the brands collected three years ago and reported in Bulletia 55 of this Station. All the other analyses here given are of new samples collected during the past few months, for the most part in Bangor and Portland. The list does not profess to include all the goods then obtainable, though the omissions are probably few. 132 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1go2. CEREAL FOODS ANALYZED IN 1899. a °. eu So Name. Manufacturer. 52 2 g ag CORN PREPARATIONS. PED Crron Tn INIEVEOS sopdencos000002000 G00 Sadcogns Crown Cereal Company ....-....... 6231) Hecker’s Hominy...-... 1.2. seecceeesseees Hecker-3J ones-Jewell Milling Co. -6232/H1-O Company’s New Process Hominy ....|The H-O Company .............-.+5 PRBINIMZAITND, cogdngss00s00n 00000000 soasdooNCenG - |Mazama Health Food Company ... UNCOOKED OAT MEALS. APPS One MIGEM, codoncgasc09angascK00RHD002 GOOOKDD American Cereal Company......... PRACG OMG MIM occoscb000 0 60 anno cnbaau500900 American Cereal Company.... ...- 6245|MceCann’s Finest Oath Meal: cs, 5 sles: MOM WECEIMNNss6d0cc0s5s5000° g0000a008 COOKED OAT EIRP SE AOOIE PHOS IGOlROrHS OMG WIGAN coooosod0c0dvo0Keeqgc0d5000 aadoGann BosboCgGaD SOoGCaGSnoaSCaGRso0C 6244|Hornby’s H-O Oat Meal.......-........-200. The H-O Company ............. «.-- 6236] American Cereal Company’s Rolled Oats..|/American Cereal Company ... .... 6237| American Cereal Company’s Rolled Oats..;American Cereal Company .. 6338| Buckeye Rolled Oats ...........2+.-20. seee- American Cereal Company ........- 6239| Buckeye Rolled Oats ......... -se.+0-. -.--- | American Cereal Company ........ 6241)Echo White Rolled Oats............. .....-. Steward & Merriam....... .... .... 6243) Hecker’s Rolled White Oats ... ............ Hecker-Jones-Jewell Milling Co.. 6240|Peoria Rolled Oats.... .....-.seeseeeeseeees Steward & Merriam............. 50 6246|Quaker Rolled White Oats ................4. American Cereal Company ........ 6247|Tip Top Rolled Oats .... 222. «ce see ceeeeee, Akron Cereal Company .......-+.. WHEAT PREPARATIONS. 6264)Fruen’s Best Wheat Wafers ...............- Fruen Cereal Company ...........+- 6263/Fruen’s Rolled Wheat......... seessaeee. Fruen Cereal Company ....-... AGaoDe 6254; H-O Company’s Breakfast Food ........... The H-O Company ..:.... .... ..08 6256!Old Grist Mill Rolled Wheat: 9590000 000 9000 Potter & Wrightington......... .... 6258| Pettijohn’s Breakfast Food . ++...» «---|American Cereal Company........- GPUS) (Cheeenaa Ox \WVINGENE congs0occgus5q00000 50 on00N4 Cream of Wheat Company ........ RNP AOSS coaaccgs000e00 4000 Sos00nsc0nas000000 American Cereal Company ... ..-. 6252/Gould’s Wheat Germ Meal. o00000 ba0D06000000 The Fould’s Milling Company ..... Pats (QING, oo cas cOGCoDDNS DouDODdSNODODUOR0D OGc Sperry Flour Company ........... G2HO NEMS CHE TEAS OH Ty UN Ae tetetee retell te efeleterelelelalevero tated Netetatetatell Mietafatedteteletalol=tetetatet-feteletetetotteretete tele laleietetet ste tetens 6257/Old Plymouth Breakfast Food......... .... Old Plymouth Cer eal Company... PASI AVS WiltOS case sancbodoodcasanandcen ...-|Pillsbury-Washburn Flour Mills . 6260)Ralston Health Club Breakfast Food ...... Robinson-Danforth Company.....- PON WANING 55. Ga cco00bG0d00 600. ac0dnCC00G00 ODO Health Food Company.....-...- ..- PP WIGSNENEtioacecoovo90008 soo9 cO00D vada2000000 The Branklin Mills... 2... 3... se. 6265|Shredded Whole Wheat Biscuit....... ... The Cereal Machine Company. ... GLUTEN PREPARATIONS. PN COORGCl Elwin 6 gos acg0ss000000- 450800000 So6 Health Food Company... ........-. 6253) Dr. Johnson’s Glutine ......-....--+. 25040000 Jobnson’s Educator Food Store.... 6269} Whole Wheat Gluten ......... .......esee0-- Health Food Company. .............. MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS. 6266) Cook’s Flaked Rice .--+-- 22.0... -s--esccccess American Rice Food & Mf’g Co.... 6229/Glen Mills Standard Crushed Barley. seeeee Johnson’s Educator Food Store.... P87 CaPVOSRIN WINS cogissogo0000 oo0cs° s00000s00500000n Postum Cereal Company ....... ..- 6286/Malt Breakfast Food ...........-.--++ see The Malted Cereal Company.....: . CEREAL BREAKFAST FOODS. 133 WEIGHTS OF NUTRIENTS, AND FUEL VALUE OF ONE POUND OF CEREAL FOODS AS FOUND IN THE MARKET. Laboratory number. 6243 6240 6246 6247 6264 6263, 6254 6256 6258 6249 6251 6252 6268 6250 6257 6253 6260 6261 6262 6265 6248 6253 6269 6266 6229 6267 6286 oH ow : a. ° i} Lolo} ., Ons RD gj} nao) Ba F n S =| Price paid per se BD =i ao Bisa irs i= 3st oa5 package. we |wWEA| Sa} o & sent | Wocaies » jee SRP LS SS Beye lee ieee |e lees Esa [Fsalaa| & | ag | & |os!] 4 Issa | Cents. Grams. | Lbs.| Cts.| Lb. | Lb. | Lb. | Lb. | Lb. |Calo. 5 400 -88 5.7 | -120 | .081 | .009 | .787 | .004 | 1740 12 1329 | 2.43 4.1) .110 | .C86 | .006 794 | .004 1730 13 (2 for 25c.) 13824 | 2.92 4.5 | .120 | .080 | .005 | .792 | .003 1725 15 1136 | 2.25 6. -107 | .086 | .010 792 | .005 1770 Jia oils GaaGano D0 66|| OOpbD5050 4: -067 | -175 | .077 | .655 | .026 2025 Jom JOU oSsooonoeESODElooe BODdCollo oO 6 4, -079 | .143 | .074 | .686 | .019 1975 55 2331 | 5.14 | 10.7 | -051 | -125 | -101 405 | .019 2055 13 (2 for 25c.) 828 | 1.83 7.1 | .091 | .189 | .074 |..627 | .019 1990 15 933 | 2.06 7083 093 | .184 | .U80 | .674 | .019 1945 WAN Scosadsadsadaaealloosqodoacall Sodoc 4. 077 | -139 | 076 | -687 | .02) 1975 IGM OWN eG oconcasedonccullacgoadsocdlae oan 4. -069 | . 8B 76 | .683 | .020 1970 io) OSE 1eOTe VlTe5 Th JOVeNNESSG]) Good cool! aoacs Boll O74 | .149 | .075 | .682 | .021 1955 0 $49 | 1.87 5.3 | .080 | -147 | .075 | .678 | .020 1970 10 895 | 1.97 Dall 082 | .146 | .075 | .677 | .020 1965 10 | 874 | 1.93 5.2 | .086 | .144 .081 | .669 } .019 | 1980 4 ets. per 1lb., 7 Ibs. for 25 cts., in bulk....... lodooo0 cdsllaopoas 4. -068 | .145 | .078 | .689 | .020 1970 13 (2 for 25c.) 851 | 1.88 6.9 | .0S1 | .148 | .086 | .666 020 1955 5 5d4 | 1.22 4.1 | .091 | .161 | .U79 | .648 020 | 1950 | 13 (2 for 25¢.) | §57 | 1.89 6.9 | .113 | .0938 | .021 754 019 1750 Ibm WS co5p aonoooenos [ees eeeeeeleeeee 4. -106 | .095 | .020 | .761 017 1745 10 | 578 | 1.27 7-9 | -117 | -101 | -016 | .748 018 1765 15 952 | 2.10 7.1) .112 | .096 | .019 | .756 | .016 1775 13 (2 for 25c.) 841 | 1.85 7.0 | -107 | -119 | -018 | -739 | .017 1780 V7 | 853 | 1.85 9.0 | .106 | .118 |} .010 | .763 | .004 1775 15 936 | 2.06 7.3 | .094 |} .141 | .0380 720 014 1840 13 (2 for 25c.) 830 | 1.838 4.9} .111 | -109 || .023 ' -743 014 1745 15 795 | 1.75 8.6 | .115 | .129 | .024 | .719 013 1795 i | 13 (2 for 25c.) 423 -93 | 14.0) .114 | .105 | .009 | .767 004 1760 15 853 | 1.88 8.0 | 123) || -129 022 | .716 011 | 1775 13 (2 for 25c.) Shy | 2210 6.2 093 | .119 | .015 | -766 007 1815 | 15 857 | 1-891) (830) || 121) 107 | O14 |) 7b 008 1745 25 \ 992 | 2.19 | 11.4 | .086 | .150 | .035 | .712 O17 1885 13 (2 for 25c.) 859 | 1.89 6.9 | .116 | .1386 |} .019 | .718 oll 1780 13 (2 for 25c.) 398 -8S | 14.8 | .108 | .106 | .015 | .756 015 1780 25 | 416 -92 | 27.3 | .089 | .154 | .085 | .699 022 1880 25 410 -90 | 27.7 | .102 | .188 | .009 | .741 oll 1815 55 (5 lbs. bag) 2274 | 5.01 } 11. -112 | ..159 | .046 | .656 027 1865 15 B87 -8d'| 17.6 | .114 | .079 | .001 802 004 1725 15 908 | 2.00 | 7.5} .103 | .100 | .009 7i9 010 1760 15 498 | .94 | 15.9 | .053 |} .117 | .O11 797 023 1870 15 675 | 1.49 | 10.1 | .080 | .134 022 750 O14 | 1863 134 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. CEREAL FOODS. bs on BH So Name. Manufacturer. oe a5 Ss Bos CORN PREPARATIONS. 6580/F S Granulated HOMiny........-sseecreee e+e) American Cereal Company....... 6571/Hecker’s Hominy ...-... 0.60 oe wceeceseeecs Hecker-Jones-Jewell Milling Co. 6560|H-O Company’s New Process Hominy aoo06 H-O Company... ......-....000 so00- . 6582/Nichol’s Pearl Hominy ...... pdzo0g000000e000 Austin, Nichols & Company.... ... 6572|Pierce’S HOMINY....-.......-ceeeseccecee ove Se Sh JEG O@oconccoodo0daaceone00ncGac] 6561|Ralston Hominy Grits.........ce.eeessecwee Jen ebay, WMG) Ganoooacocsb00: dood oo0d 50 6581|Nichols’ Snow White Samp...... .....e,-6. Austin, Nichols & Company..... .. 6579|\Cerealine FlakeS........c.seceescccsesccecces Cerealine Manufacturing Company OAT PREPARATIONS. 6563| Banner Rolled Oats.........0.02 seseseee oe American Cereal Coinpany 6564| Buckeye Rolled Oats... ......cceeeeeeees American Cereal Company 6553| Hornby’s Steam Cooked Oat Meal 15 (0) OloyonljpoeoyeanassooocodHo0090 vooon 6566]McCann’s Finest Oat Meal ...............0+- Beaumond Mills, Dogheda, Ireland 6567| Mother’s Crushed Oats ... ....-.....-. .--- Akron Cereal Company......-... .- 6555|Oatnuts! POOM oc eee. ce eee. scene cencee Liberty Pure Food Company ...... 6589}Old Grist Mill Rolled Oats .........-....... Potter & Wrightington . .. . 6568| Pillsbury’s Flaked Oat Food....... ........ Pillsbury-Washburn Flour MillsCo. 6576|Quaker Oats ....--....60. cece. ceecewces ween American Cereal Company......... 6556|Quaker Rolled White Oats ... ......... ... American Cereal Company. ....... 6557) Ralston Health Oats .........-..00. s.sseeee ero, WOM .c556booassaccono0nDKo0008 6578|Rob Roy Cut Oats ...... .2....e secs cece neces American Cereal Company. ....... 6577| Rob Roy Rolled Oats.......... ssseessevves American Cereal Company......... 6716|Saxon Rolled Oats...0.....2. scecesss. meee American Cereal Company......... WHEAT PREPARATIONS. 6543|California Wheatine. ........... ........65- Empire Milling Company 50 (ay Oneeewon Oye \WPloVekie GooatcocoocobaKHbob000-odoeon Cream of Wheat Company.......... 6545|Fould’s Wheat Germ Meal .............0.66. Fould’s Milling Company ....-.... 6570/Fruen’s Best Wheat Flakes. tis -|Fruen Cereal Company. ....ec.+. « 6583/F S Parched Farinose ....... 22.22 «.--eeeeee American Cereal Company........ GS GOraNEB soacsoe Sosonscones cob c0neDdsD00000N0000 Sperry Flour Company ............- 6593/Granose Biscuit... 005.05. .eec ce. Cece eee eens Battle Creek Sanitarium Food Co.. 6591\Granose Flakes .... .. ... Battle Creek Sanitarium Food Co.. Gisin(Emennollel cos5500b06 ooo00-s0KC 0 Our Home Granula Company ..... 6546] 1-O Company’s Breakfast Wheat. ........ H-O Company.....+....-..00e oovDoD0s 6587\/Old Grist Mill Rolled Wheat ...........e.0- Potter & Wrightington ........ venee 6588|Old Grist Mill Toasted Wheat ...........+.. Potter & Wrightington ............. 6548/ Pettijohn’s Breakfast Food ...............- American Cereal Company......... 6549) Pillspury’s Vitos....-... ......... ........ .|Pillsbury-Washburn Flour Mills Co. 6550) Ralston Health Breakfast Food............. Robinson-Danforth Milling Co..... 6573/Shredded Whole Wheat ........+...00+ sees National Food Company............ HAVHISIVSEMUN SI oS6Gc6co00 Kona GoodoweoanocHoOG0OdS BH. Merritt & Soms.. ...........0.000 (HN |\WVINEBUEING ss 505 06600 So950 eaood90U05CHODD000C Health Food Company.......-..-.-. GE WIA@LMIEG conocssobod0e gona saz doodHDOONCoODCAGS Franklin MillsCompany.. ......+..- MALTED FOoDs. 6590 |IBrittle) Bits) jjoc see jscme-) selec eine sers see - |American Cereal Company......... (FAN IOROGss coasoan= CooboddeD sab0do.DG0bOnOGGAND The Force Food Company .......... 6558| Malt-Barley Breakfast Food..... ....-.... Malted Cereals Company....-....-- 6547;Malt Breakfast Food ..... ............ «+ Malted Cereals Company. ........« 6554) Malt-Oats Breakfast Food.....-......++0 «-- Malted Cereals Company.....-..--« % MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS. 6562)Cook’s Flaked Rice ..........-.++ « es Am. Rice Food Manufacturing Co. G574||Creamiot CErealgn erro clelclelelelale clelelelel=ielslelel= Sam. W. Weidler ....-.......... ...- G50} GEA S-Ni Stepatetet-teletetetatelereteleletelstelotelatelelsteletelettetereteret= Postum Cereal Company ........... 6559) Ralston Health Barley Food ................ Robinson-Danforth Milling Co..... CEREAL BREAKFAST FOODS. CEREAL FOODS, WHERE PURCHASED AND COST. Laboratory number. 6579 6563, 6564 6553 6566) 6567 6555 6589 6568 6576 6556 6557 6578 6577 6716 6543 6544 6545 6570 6583 6584 6593 6591 6585 6546 65387 6588 6548 6549 6550 6573 6606 6551 6352 6590 6569 6558 6547 6554 6562 6574 6575 6559 Where purchased. Price paid per package. W.L. Wilson & Co., Portland. ......... «.-- Ng Nn Ghilloyent; ONO) coocooobuccgndbodeCOUGaNbOD Fred T. Hall & Co., Bamgor.........cccees: alee 2\Geo. C. Shaw & Co., Portland..... ... Hooanee9 James H. Snow & Co., Bangor.... ....-..+66 Fred T. Hall & Co., Bamgor........7.--secsseee 31}Geo. C. Shaw & Co., Portland ..........-. ao oroe Geo. C. Shaw & Co., Portland ..........-..... T. KF. Cassidy & Son, Bangor ...... ...: ....:- iN, Ao Ghloera, Oreon@©seocoo0 cacagcoqog0a00d Good Fred T. Hall & Co., Bangor........... Watets: Ueiarss BJ5 Cin INGO k5 Ob, IE MEXR Goncon GasacoaoncooD J.C. Norton & Co., Bangor........2- ssseeeees Fred T. Hall & Co., Bungor.............. »b000 Geo. C. Shaw & Co., Portland ......... odo0000 Staples & Griffin, Bangor............ adabovoocos Staples & Griffin, Bangor Fred T. Hall & Co., Bangor........ .........0. Fred T. Hall & Co., Bangor........ . fouaaoosons A. A. Gilbert, Orono .......... syo0gdapdend0000 Na dhs Gia ONTO cooo sagpocond00duce0 ssood IDS \AV OW, IB PAETON G55 6600 Goo buob0 boo 4p000K000 Fred T. Hall & Co., Bangor.....+..- .sss-2e0e Fred T. Hall & Co., Bangor .. «. ........+.-22- Fred T. Hall & Co., Bangor... .......ss.seeeee- J.C. Norton & Co., Bangor .......0- cscesesens W.L. Wilson & Co., Portiand...............6. W.L. Wilson & Co., Portland.......... BamadeD Geo. C. Shaw & Co., Portland..... .......... Geo. C. Shaw & Co., Portland. ........ ...... W.L. Wilson & Co., Portland.... ........... Fred T. Hall & Co., Bangor..........-..++2 s+ Wiel Willson & Cox, Portland) soccer = seseees-nae WHEAT PREPARATIONS. California Wheatine:-.- so-s- s«sse-serce n= Cream GhWhHeaTi essa deceaes semea nanan Fould’s Wheat Germ Meal........ ...--- p Fruen’s Best Wheat Flaked .............. ES Parehed Farinose...-. .-..--. --. «-- GEEMC Ares oe nes eee one espe ete GranOse BISCWil-s-2) -occsse= = ooo onan sano - GrasxvOSe7BIAKGS ies ekec es eee sea sealena > Gran a, vino cece ce ee cass! « aSas. soccer leet H-O Company’s Breakfast Wheat......... Old Grist Mill Rolled Wheat. ............. Old Grist Mill Toasted Wheat.-...... .... Pettijohn’s Breakfast Food........... nie IMU ee) Mairi Coseeccene one poocce Raiston Health Breakfast food............ Shredded Whole Wheat...... ..........++- SIPERYEEGS) sees, cos ac 6 eroceessoost ce sase Wihteatens epee ee eee ease esa Vena, Caessccesecace 2 eS-chosed af coos 2 MaALTED FOODS. IBEItile Bits. 6-5 e eens Cee ena ee eee eee HORCC(- sao ee eee eee ee ee Malt-Barley Breakfast Food............... Malt Breakfast Food... . ..-..... .------ Malt-Oats Breakfast Food ......... .....-- MISCELLANEONS PREPARATION. Cook’s Flaked Rice -Cream of Cereals. ....... GYAPe-Nits) ssa nae Ne esinisneaasaee encsenie ee Ralston Health Barley Food.........-...- Prices per pound, Son! ke 0D ent) NSSmiW wor Wh WOH wWito Tayog eee we Den LASS me ore or Rie S dren TEN CENTS WILL PAY FOR— | Total food materials. Pimenw worl oO 1 fet bet be Weel Ho eT Lin to Ol by % B -23 hb LS et CO et ‘ethers | id or iyo] bed bet bed ed teed ed Daal toe reg re ee ee 03 Veale bet ms 4) iM) Total. sp to SO ea] rT) rigs fel be es bet et ee TE. XL UG BRS Wee Pe tt ed bt ed CE ace Pl bt bed feed be bed iS & Nutrients. Cc 3 = Sale g = Carbohy- drates. We ee Be REESE BART beet . het bw -3L Oe _ anda 15 oy . to = ie Need fed feed pret pret SOU SE MEY. i) i) _ Co het) Bron oO bed ed pe ain iid Seat combustion. Heat of —— ey CEREAL BREAKFAST FOODS. 139 PREPARED CEREALS. While hominy has long been in use in certain sections of the country, the general introduction of cereal breakfast foods is comparatively recent. Oat meal is a favorite dish with the Scotch and Irish and its adoption has naturally followed the immigration of these races. Formerly both preparations were coarsely ground and required prolonged cooking. ‘The first great advance along this line was the manufacture of rolled oats, a process which consists in softening the kernel by steam- ing, after which it is passed between steel rollers and dried. The resulting article was found not only to keep well, but, being partially cooked, and the cell walls ruptured by the crushing process to which it was subjected, the time required in pre- paring it for the table was very materially shortened. Later the same process was applied to wheat, rice and corn, yielding products which are adapted not only for breakfast foods but also for the preparation of puddings and other desserts. To-day the excellence and variety of the cereal foods should excite the grati- tude of the housewife, whose chief embarrassment lies in choos- ing among the many. It is in the hope of assisting in this choice that this bulletin is written. All the samples collected for analysis were guaranteed fresh zoods by the dealer from whom they were purchased. In spite of this precaution a number of packages when opened were found not only musty but infested with moths or the larve of beetles. All such samples were rejected as not fairly represent- ing the goods. Some method should be devised whereby such stale goods should be withdrawn from the market or replaced by fresh preparations. The interests of both manufacturers and dealers would seem to demand that the consumer should have a reasonable assurance as to the quality of the goods purchased. Of the fifty brands recently collected only twenty-one are found in the list of those collected three years ago. There seems to be a tendency on the part of the manufacturers to substitute new and attractive names for a product that has been before the public for some time. 140 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. I902. DISCUSSION. It is unnecessary to explain at length the terms employed in this discussion. It may be remarked that protein occupies an especially important place among the nutrients, since it can, to a certain extent, replace the fats and carbohydrates, while neither of the latter can replace the protein. Since the foods rich in protein are among the most expensive, it will be readily seen why the percentage of nitrogen present should be considered as of prime importance. The amount of crude fiber or woody matter present gives us some clue as to the extent to which the outer covering of the grain has been removed. Thus, the whole (undecorticated) wheat kernel contains about 2.40 per cent of crude fiber, all of which remains in graham flour. The so-called entire wheat flour, of which the Franklin Mills flour is an example, is from the decor- ticated kernel, and contains from .80 to I.oo per cent of crude fiber. In the manufacture of ordinary white flour, not only the outer coatings of the wheat kernel are removed, but the inner envelopes as well, leaving only from .20 to .40 per cent of crude fiber in the finished product. In the discussion which follows, the term “decorticated grain” will be used to signify the grain from which the outer coatings only have been removed. The methods of analysis employed are those in general use. The heats of combustion were determined by the use of Atwater’s bomb calorimeter. CORN PREPARATIONS. The 8 samples of hominy and samp examined agree as closely in composition as could be expected. The differences in fat content are probably due to varying amounts of the chit or germ left in the process of manufacture. The Cerealine Flakes differ from the other corn preparations in that they have been previ- ously cooked and require but little additional cooking to fit them for use, while the hominy and samp require long cooking. Of the 8 corn preparations examined, 5 show as little variation in cost as in composition, the prices ranging from 4% to 5% cents per pound. ‘The method of preparing the Cerealine Flakes may, perhaps justify an increased price, but why F S Granu- lated Hominy should sell at 9.2 cents per pound and Nichol’s Pearl Hominy at less than one-half that amount is not evident. CEREAL BREAKFAST FOODS. I4I A study of the table on page 138 is recommended in this connec- tion. It will be seen there also that in the form of Nichol’s Snow White Samp at Io cents per package, 10 cents will buy more than double the nutrients to be found at the same price in any other of these corn products. OAT MEALS. The analyses of 14 different brands of oat preparations are here reported. It is worthy of note that they average consider- ably higher in protein (16.00 per cent) than did the 14 similar preparations examined in 1899 (15.00 per cent). It is well known that the quality of the cereals vary somewhat from year to year according to the character of the growing season, and this improvement in composition is probably due to such natural causes rather than to more careful selection on the part of manu- facturers or improved methods of preparation. The Banner, the Quaker and the Ralston Health Oats carry about 18 per cent of protein and the Saxon Rolled Oats over 17 per cent. The Rob Roy Cut Oats contain 16.7 per cent of protein, against 14.6 per cent for the Rob Roy Rolled Oats. Pillsbury’s Flaked Oat Food was the lowest in protein (13.5 per cent) of the samples examined and wa’ also the highest in woody fiber. The oat foods were all of good quality and bear evidence of careful preparation. The differences between them are perhaps no greater than might be expected. It is probable that the goods of different companies vary no more in composition than dif- ferent samples from the same company might. For example, Hornby’s Oat Meal, which in 1899 carried 13.4 per cent of protein, in 1902 carries 16.3 per cent. For the most part the packages containing the oat prepara- tions are free from misleading statements. The manufacturers of the Banner Oats and Saxon Oats are evidently attempting to push their sale by the ‘elegant piece of decorated china” enclosed in each package. It happens that the Banner Oats carry more protein than any other brand examined, while the Saxon Oats are far above the average in this respect; but this is probably accidental, as there is no reason to suppose that the American Cereal Company is making a more careful selection of oats in these goods than in the Quaker or Buckeye brands. 142 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. Hornby’s H-O Oat Meal carries a guarantee that the quality of the product contained in the package is superior to that of any similar article. It has the composition of an average oat meal and in flavor and appearance is similar to others. It is probable, however, that the guarantee deceives but few. While the pack- age of Hornby’s Oat-Meal carried no very misleading state- ments, the following was taken from a package of Hornby’s H-O Wheat: “Hornby’s Oat-Meal is prepared by its own peculiar process under our patents so that every grain is prepared for easy digestion, making one package of more nutritive value than three packages of ordinary oat meal.” While there is no doubt as to the good quality of Hornby’s Oat-Meal, its chemical com- position does not show it to be superior to other well made oat meals. On the other hand, its cost per pound is 25 per cent above the average and with but one exception higher than that of any other oat food here given. The Liberty Pure Food Company claims for Oatnuts Food that “after many years experimenting we have succeeded in sepa- rating the meat of the oat from the shell, thus making Oatnuts; something heretofore found to be impossible.” As Oatnuts Food has about the average amount of crude fiber, there is no evidence that the company has been more successful in “sepa- rating the meat from the shell” than other companies. From the cost table on page 138 we find an interesting variation in the prices of these goods. One article purchased in bulk costs but 3.1 cents per pound, while the average cost is about 6.1 cents. An imported brand, put up in tin boxes, sells for 10.9 cents per pound, or nearly double the average price. This sample con- tained over one per cent less protein than the average oat prepara- tion, but yielded an excessive amount of fat. It is possible that some reason exists why certain of these goods should sell for a higher price than others, but it is rarely possible to trace any relation between the cost and the actual nutritive value. WHEAT PREPARATIONS. Nineteen different samples of wheat preparations have been examined, 7 of which carry more than 13 per cent of protein, while 4 have from g to Io per cent of protein. If one may judge from the analyses, the tendency has been to use stronger wheats than formerly in these preparations. A possible explanation of Y=. CEREAL BREAKFAST FOODS. 143 the high protein content may be found in the fact that during the later part of the last grain growing season a severe drouth pre- vailed in the wheat districts, thus preventing the storage of starch in the berry and giving grain unusually high in protein. “California Wheatine is made of first quality California white wheat, known the world over for its excellent flavor, sweetness, richness in nutritive qualities, particularly its large per cent of gluten.” The California wheats do not carry large amounts of gluten as is illustrated by the low protein content (9.38 per cent) of this sample. Only one other of the 19 wheat foods examined carried as little protein as this. From the amounts of crude fiber and ash present, California Wheatine is probably prepared from more or less imperfectly decorticated wheat. The manufacturers of Cream of Wheat continue to make the same claim as in 1899. The comments which follow, made in Bulletin 55 of this Station, are still true. “The claim that Cream of Wheat is almost pure gluten is false and should be criminal. As a food for people in health, Cream of Wheat is all right. Diabetic persons should avoid starch and sugar, and this prepar- ation contains 75 per cent of these carbohydrates.” In compo- sition it closely resembles a good bread flour. Fould’s Wheat Germ Meal is said to be made from the glu- tenous portion of choice wheat. “Gluten of Wheat. Superior to oat meal.” These statements are evidently intended to carry the impression that the starchy portions of the kernel are excluded, although the claim that it is “the best thing for thicken- ing soup” must be based upon its high starch content and not upon a large amount of gluten. Its chemical composition indi- cates that it is prepared from decorticated wheat of average composition. Fruen’s Best Wheat Flakes, “made from the best Pacific Coast White Wheat,” claims to be “the great nerve, brain and muscle food,” “the indigestible matter being entirely removed.” The claims are, of course, exaggerated, for Fruen’s Wheat Flakes contain 1.8 per cent of woody fiber, which is indigestible. Its chemical composition indicates that it is made from a soft white wheat. From its high per cent of fiber and ash it seems doubtful if any considerable amount of the outer coatings have been removed in its preparation. F S Parched Farinose, made by the American Cereal Com- pany, “from Ohio’s Best Amber Wheat,” is among the highest I44 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. in protein of any of the samples examined. The claims, “rich in Gluten, Germ, Nitrates, Fat and Phosphates,” certainly need editing. Fortunately for the users it contains no nitrates. It is evidently prepared irom a hard wheat which has been decor- ticated. The low cost and high protein content of Farinose make it one of the most economical oi the wheat preparations. Germea “is California White Wheat, the skin peeled off, and the rest of the kernel (including germ and gluten) ground coarse.” ‘The sample was much lower in protein (9 per cent) than that examined in 1899 (12.90 per cent). The low per cent oi crude fiber (.30 per cent) and ash (.55 per cent) shows that in the process of manufacture a good deal of the outer coating of the berry is removed, the product approaching common flour in composition. Granose Biscuit and Granose Flakes, although very different in appearance, are put up by the same company and are so much alike in chemical composition that they may be considered together, the chief difference being in the amounts of fats and crude fiber which they contain. The composition oi Granose Biscuit is very nearly that of a decorticated wheat, except in the high ash content, which is probably due to the presence of com- mon salt. The Granose Flakes resemble more closely an undecorticated wheat, though somewhat deficient in fat and with an excess of ash, probably due to the addition of salt. The fact that these goods, in spite of their high cost, seem to meet with a ready sale demonstrates the business value of judi- cious advertising and proves that the public is willing to pay a generous price for an attractive article. Reference to the table on page 138 shows that to cents will purchase only about halia pound of Granose Biscuit, having an energy-producing value oi 973 calories. Granose Flakes cost 22.4 cents per pound and Io cents pays for less than S00 calories. The same amount of money expended for flour would buy eight times as much protein and nearly seven times as much energy-producing value. We should not, however, lose sight of the fact that Granose Biscuit and Granose Flakes are ready cooked and appetizing. Whether the average consumer can afford to pay the price asked ior these goods is a question that can only be answered by the individual. Granula. “Prepared by a peculiar process original with us, embracing the use oi all the constituents of the grain, which is CEREAL BREAKFAST FOODS. 145 the best white winter wheat, grown in the famous Genesee Valley country.” The manufacturers state that it is “one of the cheap- est foods in use, a pound of it containing more absolute nutri- ment for brain and body than an equal weight of any prepara- tion in the market.” It is evidently made from a high grade hard wheat of a high protein content. While the analyses of Granula shows it to be superior to the average wheat preparation, its price flatly contradicts the claim of cheapness. A package of these goods, containing about nine- tenths of a pound, costs 25 cents, or 27.2 cents per pound. In composition it is but slightly superior to a good flour to be had at one-tenth of the price. Reference to the table on page 138 shows that no other cereal food named in this bulletin furnishes so little nutriment for the money. The H-O Company’s Breakfast Wheat carries about Io per cent of protein, which indicates that a soft wheat low in protein was used in its preparation. Its high fiber and ash content would indicate that it is made from undecorticated wheat. Old Grist Mill Rolled Wheat “is prepared from the finest Cali- fornia White Wheat.” This preparation is low in ash as com- pared with the crude fiber which it carries. Its percentage of protein (12.1) shows that it is made from wheat of average composition. The claim that “it is not heating to the blood”’ is certainly fanciful, since it has practically the same heat of com- bustion as the other wheat and oat products. At the price paid it compares favorably with the other foods of this class, only two of which furnish as much nutriment for the money. Old Grist Mill Toasted Wheat. Its ash and crude fiber con- tent would indicate that it is made from a partially decorticated wheat. The claim that it is healthful and nutritious is true of this preparation as well as of the others here reported. In its protein and fat content it ranks higher than any other of the wheat preparations examined. Pettijohn’s Breakfast Food “is made from selected Pacific coast wheat.” In its preparation “the hull or covering or woody matter is entirely removed, leaving only that part of the grain containing nutritious qualities, so valuable in building up the muscles of the system, and the phosphatic matter most valuable as a nerve and brain tonic, as it is entirely free from bran.” The latter statement is hardly borne out by the analysis which shows 10 146 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. 2.1 per cent of crude fiber, practically that of the average Cali- fornia undecorticated wheat and higher than that of any other wheat preparation here reported, except the Shredded Whole Wheat. Its protein, fiber and ash content agree with those of undecorticated wheat. Pillsbury’s Vitos. “It is the choicest product of carefully selected northwestern hard spring wheat.” This sample is higher in both ash and protein than that examined three years ago. The ash and crude fiber indicate that it is made from decorticated wheat. At 13 cents a package it is one of the cheapest of these foods. Ralston Health Breakfast Food. The writer of the advertise- ment printed on the package evidently mistakes starch for gluten in explaining how one part of this food can absorb six parts of water. The amount of protein is somewhat below the average. Its crude fiber and ash indicate that it is made from decorticated wheat. Shredded Whole Wheat “consists of the whole wheat berry, (nothing added), made light and short by a mechanical shred- ding and thorough cooking.” Its chemical composition is that of a rather soft wheat. It is interesting to note that this most extensively advertised of wheat preparations carries no advertis- ing statements of an exaggerated nature. While the advertise- ment is written with the evident intention of convincing the reader that there is no other wheat product to be compared with this, a careful inspection of the package fails to disclose any statements to which exceptions can be taken. It has the same nutritive value as the wheat from which it is made. Shredded Wheat at 13 cents a package costs 15 cents per pound and is consequently somewhat expensive, though it should not be for- gotten that it is cooked and ready for the table. Sugarnuts. “This food is made from the germ and glutinous portions of Aroostook wheat. As the germ is large and fully developed in the wheat grown in this section the food contains a large portion of the germ, giving that sweet and nutty flavor peculiar to Aroostook Wheat flour.” It is sold in bulk at 5 cents a pound and is by far the cheapest of the wheat preparations named here. As it is uncooked it is not quite so quickly pre- pared for the table as some of the cereal foods. Wheatena is made from ‘“‘peeled wheat.” “As it is deficient in starch, the dyspeptic, with whom starch is indigestible, finds CEREAL BREAKFAST FOODS. 147 comfort from its use.” As a matter of fact, the nitrogen-free extract, which includes the starch, is the same as that of any wheat products carrying an equa! amount of protein (15.06 per cent). Its richness in the latter constituent is more than offset by its price, 10.7 cents per pound, which places it among the less economical foods of this class. Wheatlet is apparently made from a good grade decorticated wheat. The claim that it is “exceptionally rich in the nitrogenous and phosphatic food elements” is true of Wheatlet only in the same sense that it is true of any other of the wheat preparations. MALTED FOODS. Starch, which makes up by far the greater part of the cereal grains, must be converted into soluble forms before it can be absorbed and made of use to the animal body. By the action of the saliva, and toa greater extent by the pancreatic juice, starch is changed to dextrin and maltose, which last is, at least in part, changed to dextrose or glucose, in which form it may be absorbed. Just so much of the starch as escapes this solvent action is lost as food. While raw starch is not easily digested by man, cooked starch in reasonable quantities offers no difficulty to the healthy individual. With many persons of weak diges- tion the starch of the food, even when properly cooked, is not well digested. Any process, therefore, which accomplishes the solvent action noted above either wholly or in part, to that extent relieves the digestive organs, and the food is, so far as the starch is concerned, “‘predigested.” In the germination of cereals the starch is rendered soluble by the action of a ferment known as diastase, which nature seems to have provided for that purpose. This ferment is able to con- vert into maltose not only the starch of the kernel in which it is formed, but a much larger amount as well. Ii barley be sprouted and the germination arrested before the sprout has reached any considerable length, a product known as mali is formed. When the malt is ground and mixed with a large amount of grain, the mass moistened and kept at a suitable temperature, the starch, not only of the malt, but of the unsprouted grain also, is converted _ into maltose. The manufacturers of malt foods claim that a considerable portion of the starch of their products has thus been acted upon, 148 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. and there seems no reason to doubt the truth of the assertion. Since a long continued fermentative process would be likely to produce undesirable flavor, it is probable that a large part of the starch is still unacted on. The action can go on only when the cereal is moist and warm and must cease when the product is cooked, as ferments are destroyed by boiling. It is needless to say that the average person should not depend upon predigested foods. Brittle Bits, “a soluble, sterilized, predigested food scientifically prepared from entire wheat and barley, producing that delicate malt flavor.” “It is ready to be absorbed the moment it is put into the stomach.” “One pound of lean beef gives 447 calories of heat units, while one pound of Brittle Bits gives about 1870 calories or heat units, therefcre one pound of Brittle Bits is equal to four pounds of beef steak.” While the latter statement is not far from the truth, it is too misleading to pass unchal- lenged. li fat beefsteak had been chosen for comparison it would have been found equal to Brittle Bits in the number of calories yielded. Fat yields more than twice as many calories as an equal weight of protein; yet the protein is by far the more valuable nutrient, costing more, and more essential. lf Brittle Bits is compared with lean beef on the protein basis, we find that while the cereal food carries 14 per cent of protein, the meat car- ries about 23 per cent, or one and two-thirds times as much. It should be added that a food that “requires no effort on the part of the salivary or pancreatic glands to digest it, and makes it fit for assimilation,” is not well adapted for a person in health. Nature gave us salivary and pancreatic glands and intended that they should be used. Force. “A simple preparation of the whole of the wheat and barley malt.” “With Force the work of digestion is already half done. It slips into the tissues and makes bone and muscles almost as soon as eaten.” The analysis given on the package agrees quite closely with that obtained at this laboratory. MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS. Cook’s Flaked Rice, “made from Louisiana and Texas rice.” It has practically the same composition as raw rice, but is cooked and quickly prepared for use. Rice is lower in protein than CEREAL BREAKFAST FOODS. 149 wheat and oats, in its composition more nearly resembling Indian corn. The statement “Flaked Rice stands at the head of all foods as a tissue builder” is not supported by its chemical com- position. The following assertions are printed upon the pack- age: “Flaked Rice contains 87 per cent nutriment. Beef fe AS aha ca " Potatoes c One pound Flaked Rice contains 21 per cent more life-giving nourishment than a pound of beef and a pound of potatoes com- bined.” So far as the total “nutriment” is concerned, the claim of the manufacturers might have been put more strongly. Whatever force the statement possesses lies in placing an equal valuation upon the various nutrients that are here classed together as “nutriment.” Since the protein, as shown elsewhere, costs more than the other nutrients, the value of a food must depend more upon this than upon any other single constituent. ‘The com- bined meat and potato contain two and one-half times the amount of protein found in the rice, a fact which more than off-sets the advantage claimed by the advertisers. Grape-Nuts, “made by special treatment of entire wheat and barley.” The statement formerly made, that ‘‘4 heaping tea- spoons of Grape-Nuts are sufficient for the average meal,” is now modified to read, “for the cereal part of a meal.” The manufacturers still persist, however, in saying that “the system will absorb a greater amount of nourishment from I pound of Grape-Nuts than from 10 pounds of meat, wheat, oats or bread.” The following from Bulletin 55 of this Station, pp. 103-4, shows the absurdity of this statement: A man at moderate work needs per day about .28 pounds of protein and sufficient fats and carbohydrates in addition to make. the potential energy of the day’s food 3,500 calories. Four heap- ing teaspoonfuls of Grape-Nuts weigh about I ounce. The pro- tein and energy needed for one meal (1-3 of 1 day) and that fur- nished by 4 heaping teaspoonfuls of Grape-Nuts are compared in the following table: ‘ 6 2m I50 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. Protein Fuel value —lbs. —-calories. Needed for 4% day by man at moderate WOR TE et Oe eT PE Nee TLE 000 "ag Furnished by four heaping teaspooniuls (i*0z:) oF Grape-Nuis?'} $2222 22 05 ee .007 117 It would require .77 pounds of Grape Nuts (34 of a package) to furnish %4 of the protein needed for one day for a man at moderate work; the energy needed would be afforded by .63 pounds. The nutrients of beef are more completely digested and absorbed than those of vegetable foods. There is no reason for thinking that Grape Nuts would be more completely digested than rolled oats, wheat flour or wheat bread. About 85 per cent of the protein and of fuel value of vegetable foods are digested and rendered available to the body. In the following table there are compared the pounds of pro- tein and fuel values of one pound of Grape Nuts with “ten pounds of meat, wheat, oats or bread.” POUNDS OF PROTEIN AND FUEL VALUE OF ONE POUND OF GRAPE NUTS COMPARED WITH IO FOUNDS OF BEEF, ROLLED WHEAT, WHEAT FLOUR, ROLLED OATS AND BREAD. Protein Fuel value —lbs. —calories. pound of Grape: Nuts... 220 2 ose. asses 12 1,870 10 pounds round steak, inciuding bone, 1.90 8,950 10 pounds beef rump, including bone.... 1.2 14,050 10' pounds zolled ~wheats-2.3 9.45 255: 1.01 17,050 FO pounds breadhouUr so. oes lw oe 1:31 16,450 10: pounds rolled oats. 2-2) 6 2 eee 1.50 19,650 10 pounds (white bread. 4: 42-6, tise e .80 12,200 sila CEREAL BREAKFAST FOODS. 151 CONCLUSION. The average percentage composition of the three chief classes of these foods is shown in the following condensed table: S| Ena 53 S 3 Sans ar nm > oO. og OLS Class of foods. ae gv & , ries oe . |e2ge a= cll MOINS) altars) anTGt i icchal Wei al Eee An S Ou fy S= AZo 4 |So1m : Per ct.|Per ct.|Per ct.|Per ct.|Per ct.|Perct | Cal COO, Sonpnonooonsacedce 8 10.2 8.7 -6 -3 79.9 “3 1750 OME Sbadsoo 60 acoccad 14 8.4 16.0 7.2 9 65.6 1.9 1950 \AVINEGNE Soadosdéoo sooDdc 19 9.0 12.4 1.9 1.3 73.9 eS 1800 If these figures be compared with those on page 130, a con- siderable variation will be noticed, due in part to a difference in the original grains and in part to the methods of manufacture. The fat of the corn kernel is mostly included in the germ which is removed in the manufacture of hominy, thus greatly reducing the fat content. In both cases, however, the three grains, corn, oats and wheat, will be found to stand in the same relation to one another, the oats carrying the most protein, fat, and ash, and yielding the greatest amount of energy per pound. Corn ranks far below oats in these respects, while wheat occupies an intermediate position. The amount of nitrogen-free extract is in inverse ratio to these other constituents. If we study the above table in connection with the average cost per pound of these three classes of cereal foods, remembering at the same time that the protein is the most valuable of the nutri- ents, we are left in no doubt as to their relative economy. The average price per pound was: Coin preparations’. Pccrse ace eee rete cte tGe7, Cents @apreparatiOns. tact. horde = anterckey dees ore eee 6.0 cents Wheat preparations (omitting 4 extreme cases) 10.6 cents In conclusion, it should be repeated that all the cereal foods examined were good articles and the average prices as a rule are not exorbitant. On the contrary, when compared with the meats and vegetables, the most of them must be classed as very economical foods. The prices are exceedingly variable and, so far as ordinary chemical analysis shows, furnish no measure of the value of the goods. On the other hand, while 152 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. their comparative digestibility has not yet been well worked out, there can be no doubt that the attempts to increase the digesti- bility of some of these goods by special treatment has been suc- cessful and persons of weak digestion would find it to their advantage to base their selection upon other data than that here given. Fortunately the invalids are still in the minority; and the average consumer, who will experience no difficulty with any of these foods, is not justified in paying 20 cents per pound for a cereal preparation when another, that will serve his purpose exactly as well, can be had at 5 or 6 cents. a FERTILIZER INSPECTION. Cxas. D. Woops, Director. J. M. Baritert, Chemist in charge of Fertilier Analysis. The law regulating the sale of commercial fertilizers in this State calls for two bulletins each year. The first of these contains the analyses of the samples received from the manu- facturer guaranteed to represent, within reasonable limits, the goods to be placed upon the market later. The second bulletin contains the analyses of the samples collected in the open market by a representative of the Station. The analyses of the manufacturer’s samples for this year were published early in March. The present bulletin contains the analyses of the samples collected by the representative of the Director of the Station. The figures which are given as the percentages of valuable ingredients guaranteed by the manufacturers are the minimum percentages of the guarantee. If, for instance, the guarantee is 2 to 3 per cent of nitrogen, it is evident that the dealer cannot be held to have agreed to furnish more than two per cent and so this percentage is taken as actual guarantee. The figures under the head of “found” are those showing the actual composition of the samples. A comparison of the results of the analyses of the samples col- lected by the Station with the percentages guaranteed by the manufacturers shows that, as a rule, the fertilizers sold in the State are well up to the guarantee. In a few instances the particular lots of fertilizers sampled are not quite as good as they should be; there is, however, no case which appears to be an attempt to defraud. The comparisons indicate that the manu- facturers do not intend to do much more than make good the minimum guarantee and this is all that the purchaser can safely expect. 154 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF STATION SAMPLES, 1902. al o | = | | = | Manufacturer, place of business and brand. | Sampled at = | iS a — nN | | THE AMERICAN AGR. CHEM. CO., N. Y. 2813) Bradley’s Complete Manure for Potatoes and Vegetables... Bangor......... 2314 Bradley’s Complete Manure with 10% Potash....-........ .....| Houlton......... 2815) Breadley-s' CormiPnospnatel ere qesece ss te eeeee lace ence enemas Bangor ......... 2816| Bradley’s) Hureka /HErtilizer..-s-ccc-sc2 ses) os aisinnieiscine te ose |‘Bangor.. .. ... 2817| Bradley’s Niagara Phosphate..... . ZOOS pSCCe BROIE Cea ne Ae nooae ‘Portland... .... 2818| Bradley’s Potato Fertilizer. ...... sdectstone scoacosocosenacceces |/Bangor ......... 2819| Bradley’s Potato\Manure =: -2-2-c----css 0s scece- 2. cecses eee cee |Bangor ......-.- 2820) Bradley’s X. L. Superphosphate..........-....-- cessenecsensnee: Bangor .... ... 2821|Clark’s Cove Bay State Fertilizer ..-............... ..c2 .2c.0e- |Belfast .... .... 2822|/Clark’s Cove Bay State Fertilizer G. G...........-s2eeee+see eee: Portland ....... 2823|Clark’s Cove Bay State Fertilizer for Seeding Down..... .... |Portland ....... 2824'Clark’s Cove Defiance Complete Manure................ ooncasS) |Portland ...... 2825|Clark’s Cove Great Planet Manure A. A. ....-... caueleesenmaeese |Portland <...... 2826|Clark’s Cove King Philip Alkaline Guano....... sa0c0 Soe sonc0ee Portland ....... 2827|\Clark’s Coye Potato Manure.........2..cceees--- eoencercnnccece= }Portland .....-. 2828|Cleveland Fertilizer for All Crops.......... ...--. «.. «.-..----|Portiand. . 2829|Cleveland High Grade Complete Manure .... ....... .-...---- Bangor ..... aoc 2830|Cleveland Potato Phosphate ......-.....2-.2-- -ececescencncenee- 'Portiand ....... 2831/Cleveland Seeding Down Fertilizer.............. .. BAOOSaAS asso |Portland . . ... 2832|Cleveland Superphosphate ..... .--. ssc.e- eee © « -< eeecccces |Portland ...... 2833|Crocker’s Corn Phosphate .... ... -.... 5 AcozSC SSisn6 905 ObdOSd Portland ....... 2834|Crocker’s Grass and Oat Fertilizer........-.. © «-.es.se..e00ee-| |Portland . 2835|Crocker’s Rival Ammoniated Superphosphate sosscs octeces - |No. Carmel.. scacse 2836 Crocker’s Potato, Hop and Tobacco Phosphate.......... aso 52] |Portland . ..... 2837|Crocker’s Special Potato Manure ...........-.-.-.... + secteeoe | Presque Isle... 2838|Crocker’s Superior Phosphate......-........22-.00-s005 cues one |Bangor ..-...... 2839; Cumberland Guano for All Crops.......-..-...--- ro occecestess: |Bangor. ... ..-. 2840|Cumberland Potato Fertilizer........ -.....--:2+-+.2+-sceecese- \Ea. Corinth .... 2841|\Cumberland Seeding Down Manure ..../Portland . - 2842| Cumberland Superphosphate........-s..-eeeeeeeeanes os BOCo Chee Portland ....... 2843| Darling’s Blood, Bone and Potash . .... ...sesseesseseeeee soa/oi|Caribouss eee 2844|Great Eastern General Fertilizer. ... .. ..........-.....- -- - |Old Town....... 2845|Great Eastern Grass and Oat Fertilizer.........-...-.... «2+... |\Old Town....... 1 | 2846|Great Eastern High Grade Special Potato Manure............. |\Caribou. ..-...- 2847|Great Eastern Potato Manure......--...--220. cece one scescees |Old Town. :.... 2848|Great Eastern Northern Corn Special........-........--.--. -- iCarmel .......- | ABEG\ One ar i SURI AG oc oooscecos Soeccscusobossnoesese Co cooSs So. Windham .. 2850 OfiS|\Superphospnatercn.-cscene one oes oe eeoae o) eee en eta cise -- So. Windham .. 2851) Pacific Dissolved Bone and Potashincces occa eee ee Portland ....... 2852| Pacific Grass and Grain Fertilizer ................. sssseeeeeeees Belfast.......... 2853| Pacific High Grade General Fertilizer............. .......s005- Belfast... ....... 2854 Baeiic NODSGue! GUANO -5- east ees seen een eee eeseretenaeeeaee Portland ....... FERTILIZER INSPECTION. 155 ANALYSES OF STATION SAMPLES, 1902. Station number. NITROGEN. PHOSPHORIC ACID. POTASH. Total. Available. Total. I S les ee c 3 3 a = od BZ i Pee er sejze/3)/2- 8/3/12 /212./ 2/2.) 212 Bea || OS | | ee 5 > e 5 |act| s | as 5 a oe | 2s i) 52 S o a } 59 } 5° } 5 ne | oe & Os Nn fa B & Os <3) Os <3) 1és)} ! % o | % | % Ton Omn | ome ||| Onn | eee % | % 2.27 24) 3.51) 3.30)| 5.34) 3.18) 1.80] 8.52) 8 10.32) 9 7.90; 7 1.18} 2.12) 3.30) 3.30]| 3.03) 3.36) 2.25) 6.39) 6 8.64| 7 10.07) 10 1.10} 1.08) 2.18) 2.06}| 5.74) 3.19) 2.14] 8.93) 8 11.07} 10 TSU alr 72 -64| 1.36) 1.03)} 4.86) 4.54) 2.16) 9.40) 8 11.56! 10 2.05) 2 71 -64) 1.35 -82)| 3.08} 4.07) 2.83) 7.15) 7 9.98) 8 1.23] 1 74| 1.36) 2.10) 2.06]} 6.30) 2.68) 2.41] 8.98) 8 11.39) 10 2.76) 3 1.19} 1.36) 2.55) 2.50}| 3.92) 3.73) 3.24] 7.65) 6 10.89) § 4.88} 5 1.89 -84) 2.73] 2.50)| 6.57) 3.65) 1.42} 10.22) 9 11.64) 11 2.31) 2 93) 1.80) 2.73) 2.50]| 3.27) 5.41) 2.42] 8.68) 9 11.10} 11 2.34; 2 83} 1.46] 2.29) 2.06]| 5.90) 2.58) 3.20) 8.48) 8 11.68) 10 1.63) 1. 76| 1.00) 1.76] 1.03}| 4.07) 38.72) 2.07) 7.79) 8 9.86) 10 1.54) 2 7 -68| 1.15 -82 3.65) 3.83) 2.7 7.48) 7 10.18) 8 1.41} 1 2.06; 1.14! 3.20) 3.30)| 5.22) 3.15} 2.28] 8.37] 8 10.65) 9 6.87| 7 50 -82; 1.32) 1.03 4.82) 3.58) 1.70) 8.40) 8 10.10) 10 2.05} 2 82} 2.00) 2.82) 2.50]} 4.18) 3.29) 2.53) 7.47) 6 10.00) 8 5.25) 5 58 -80) 1.385} 1.03]| 4.63) 3.35) 3.20) 7.95) 8 11.18) 10 2.12} 2 1.70} 1.42) 3.12) 3.30|}} 5.58) 3.07) 1.65) 8.65] 8 10.30) 9 (Has) | 7/ -78| 1.36) 2.14) 2.06 5.89| 2.90) 2.58) 8.79] 8 11.37; 10 3.62] 3 -61 -68} 1.29) 1.03]| 4.99) 3.26) 3.41) 8.25) 8 11.66) 10 2.01; 2 1.52 -68) 2.20) 2.06/| 38.40) 4.97) 3.74| 8.37) 8 12.11) 10 1.81) 1.5 1.38 76) 2.14) 2.06}} 3.51) 5.00) 3.37) 8.51) 8 11.88]...... 1.76) 1.5 | nooDallasoo5d|loaneoullaooodd 8.33] 3.51] 1.48) 11.84) 11 IBESPAlocoad 2-12) 2 -62 66) 1.28) 1.038 4.63| 3.51) 3.02) 8.14) 8 11.16 5 2.06; 2 1.57 72| 2.29) 2.06]| 4.31) 4.38) 3.07] 8.69) 8 IGIS7F) con6e 3.53] 3 | 2.08) 1.22) 3.30] 3.29]} 4.48) 2.32) 1.99} 6.80) 6 §.79]..-.--|| 10.39) 10 -23 86) 1.09 -§2|| 4.86) 3.35) 2.11) 8.21] 8 IER PA pacbn 2.09) 2 -38 88) 1.26} 1.03}} 4.75) 38.39} 2.99} 8.14) 8 11.13) 10 2.11} 2 64| 1.56] 2.20) 2.06] 6.83! 2.72) 2.41) 9.55) 8 11.96) 10 3.24; 3 78 -98} 1.76] 1.03|| 4.55) 3.21) 2.67) 7.76) 8 10.43} 10 1.80! 2 1.18 -98|; 2.16] 2.06)} 4.07) 4.22] 3.70} 8.29] 8 11.99] 10 Heya als 2.80} 1.20) 4.00} 4.10}} 5.58 2.44) 1.93) 8.02) 7 9.95) 8 7.36) 7 Say) -64: 1.21 -82|/ 2.15) 4.70) 3.18) 6.85) 8 IMAC) Soden 4.25) 4 syetolaisi|levatevereral lf eicieers||(etaistore 8.34) 2.96) 1.57) 11.30] 11 IPT loasoon 2.17) 2 2.10} 1.22) 3.32) 3.29]| 3.84) 3.04! 2.58] 6.88] 6 9.46] .-.- || 10.24) 10 1.14 -72| 1.86) 2.06 5.98) 1.27) 2.88) 7.25] 8 10°13)\<. ccc 3.14) 3 82) 1.30} 2.18] 2.06]| 6.14) 2.68) 2.95) §.82) 8 11.77|...-. < 1.73} 1.5 1.34 -66) 2.00) 2.06); 4.55 4.50) 2.64) 9.05) 8 11.69) 10 3.46) 3 ].12} 1.28) 2.14) 2.06]| 5.98] 2.79) 1.85] 8.77] 8 10.62} 10 | 1.80} 1.5 soodoellosdaoallan acao| aonodl|! Cedi Bobs) eet) ese 13.32) 12 | 2.23) 2 50 84) 1.34 -82)| 4.80) 3.14) 2.51] 7.94) 7 10.45) 8 | 1.92) 1 2.02} 1.36) 3.38] 3.3u}| 3.91] 3.72) 1.62} 7.63] 8 9.25] 9 7.42) 7 -5U 74| 1.24) 1.03]/ 4.63) 3.60} 1.98] 8.23] 8 10.21) 10 2.01) 2 i { or i) or i—) oo o o Oo o 156 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. I902. DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF AGENTS SAMPLES, 1902. 3) = = Manufacturer, place of business and brand. Sampled at S < ~~ & N PRT ERVOUTC JHC) SNe, 55 5 scooascocdsoscagsassconned Sto55 Sods Portland .... .. 2856| Packer’s Union Animal Corn Fertilizer ........-... .....-eeee- East Eddington 2857| Packer’s Union Economical Vegetable Guano .... .......... .. IND, Basccescoces 285s) Packer’s Union Gardiner’s Complete Manure ..........--....-- Cariboussse-ee 2859| Packer’s Union Potato Manure.....-.. .seeee wees coer sees cone East Eddington 2860| Packer’s Union Universal Fertilizer ............... ......--... East Eddington 2861;Packer’s Union Wheat, Oats and Clover Fertilizer......... .«. |East Eddington 2862/Quinnipiac Climax Phosphate for A]l Crops ........+... ...-- Portland .. .... 2863|Quinnipiac Corn Manure............-.2.- .20- 2.0. cece en enn serene Portland ....... 2864/Quinnipiac Mohawk Fertilizer : Portland . ..... 2865/Quinnipiac Potato Manure ...... os coe see- «--/FOrtland . -. .. 2866)Quinnipiac Potato Phosphate .........-.-...-..+--- Portland . . 2867|Quinnipiac Seeding Down Manure........ ..-.--ee see cee eee ee Portland ....... 2868|Read’s Potato Manure...... .---..e+-ee- esses SG0dO0085 sdogcoodaas Caribou.... ... 2869) Read’s Practical Potato Special........ 222.2 2 cee secccceseee Portland... .. 2870| Read’s Standard Superphosphate ..... ...... .... XOOOo vodOdoso Portland ....... 2871|Read@’s Sure Cateh Fertilizer. ..........00.-.ccce es ccceccc ee ceces Portland. ..... 2872|Read’s Vegetable and Vine Fertilizer ............. ..sseeee. eee Belfast.. ....... PAV BI Stolk ol Key [EEVet ive (UENO sbonocc00G Gooccde SondoosoadooDDCOODUSGGES Portland 2874 Stand arauAm Brande ceeceeecitee cece ieeateciietiereciisinisacieceimntes Portland ..... 2875|StandardsBoneandsLotashteccecticciicsmceiieliciccc +lcleislenicetee ions Belfast.......... 2876|Standard Complete Manure ...--.....eseecceee cece cee ceee eee! Caribous-eeeeeer 2877/Standard IDG TINA Pocooss S560 Sasnasasensodes 6 2906 90005 soDe00¢ Portland = <...- 2878|Standard Guano for All Crops ........ceeecceeesecceee cece see Portland ......- 2879|Standard Special for Potatoes........ cescceerce-ceeweceseee ../ Portland seoosas 2880) Williams and Clark’s Americus Amm. Bone Superphosphate| Portland . .... 2881|Williams and Clark’s Americus Corn Phosphate. ........ ... East Corinth 2882) Williams and Clark’s Americus High Grade Special........... Portland . ..... 2883) Williams and Clark’s Americus Potato Manure .............-. East Corinth .. 2884|Williams and Clark’s Royal Bone Phosphate for All Crops....|East Corinth } THE BOWKER FERTILIZER CO., BOSTON, MASS. 2885| Bowker’s Corn Phosphate ... ..--- 2.02.00 sscccccccce-cccecescces Damascus.. 2886; Bowker’s Early Potato Manure Hermon .. ..... 2887, Bowker’s Farm and Garden Phosphate ................ ... ... MGM soccosonss 2888) Bowker’s Hill and Drill Phosphate............. ...2. ses... -e- Damascus....... 2889) Bowker’s Potash Bone ......c.cccee cece eee e eee e ese e sree sonosee Bangor ......... 230) BETES SS Potash or Staple Phosphate............ ........ scooec Hermon ........ 2891| Bowker’s Potato and Vegetable Fertilizer........ ...... soK0ce Hermon ........ 23892; Bowker’s Potato and Vegetable Phosphate ..... ....e+.0. .... Damascus...... 2893| Bowker’s Six Per Cent Fertilizer ...........0.0-.ccccesceeescces. Bangor.. ..... : 2894) Bowker’s Square Brand Bone and Potash- .... .....-.. ..-...- Houlton ........ 2895) Bowker’s Sure Crop Phosphate...-... 2-2... ce cece sccccssecces Bangor ........-- aa ba esa Han Jeevan) Miia cacaus cacon 6 Godapecosdause O0KC Bangor..... ... Station number. Soluble in water. bo 2) i] nD oro Do FERTILIZER INSPECTION. ANALYSES OF STATION SAMPLES, 1902. 157 NITROGEN. PROSPHORIC ACID. POTASH. Total ie Ss A . o a ; ‘ so) & 4 S 2 . [=| o g Q . [=| = 5 rl BH ‘Ss Ss, fe) a A — S Fe iS, s ge] 5 a3 || 2 Sup Sales ee S Eee S) g co) S) S) 5 SS eel ea tl a SN ey ee ic) = | o 22 2 3.36] 3. ie 8 3.DD| 3 1.74) 2. 2.72) 2. 9. 9 2.20) 2 afte! . dle 3.04) 2. Qo 6 Beo0) 3 -84| 2. 3.58] 2. 6. 6 10.58) 10 1.50) 2. Dats|| Pde 8. 8 6.20) 6 -70) 1. 2.36] 2. 8. 8 4.91) 4 ooo oo s9 4.16} 1.66) 10. 11 2.94) 2 -78 Ie 3.10) 2. 8. 8 2.28] 2 -76 2. 5.23) 3. 8. 8 1.81) 1. -80 5 3.46) 2. To "f 1.26; 1 1.12 2. 3.76) 3. 6. 6 5.21] 5 1.14 Ds 3.90} 1.6 g.¢ 8 Du) 3 88 il, 3.79} 1. 8. 8 1.90} 2 1.16 2. 2.78] 4. 6. 6 9.57) 10 -96 5 2.64] 2. 5.03) 4 9.33) $8 -76 3.07] 2. 8.99) S$ 4.20) 4 50006 5.52) 1. 11. 10 Dosi\\| 2.08 3-27) 3. 9.19} 8 6.27} 6 -96 3.85) 3. 8. 8 Sai 68 3.64] 2. fle 7 2.09} 1 fares 5.96) 1. 10. 10 2.81} 2 1.76 Boe OA7 Alc To 8 Teall) 17 -66 3.54) 4.94) 3.6 8. 8 1.93) 1. -80 4.98) 3.40! 3. 8. 8 2.26] 2 1.34) 2. 6.46} 2.80) 2. 9: 8 3.02} 3 1.34) 2. 6.27) 38.62] 2. 9: 9 2.10) 2 1.46) 2. 5.34) 3.03! 3. 8. 8 2.03} 1. 1.40} 3. 5.58] 3.22) 1. 8. 8 Too, 1.42] 2. 6.05) 3.07) 1. Gara fs} SE45iNy 74; #1. 5.02; 3.06] 3. 8. 8 2.17; 2 45) 1. 5.47) 3.06) 2.6 S. 8 2.29) 2 -56| 3.3 5.92) 2.78) 1. 8. 7 Tostsi| 2 -46) 1. 5.06} 4.90) 1. 9: 8 2.24) 2 -62) 2. 6.06] 3.38] 3. 9. 9 2.44| 2 -19 2.01} 4.28) 2.72) 6. 6 2.09) 2 «15 8.99} 4.13) 2. 8. 8 Holby) FF -48) 2. 3.86| 4.68) 2. 8. 9 4.17) 4 -46| 1. 4.78) 3.49} 2. 8. 9 2.30) 2 18 S 1.53) 4.29) 2. 5. 6 6.44) 6 -66 1.75; 4.67) 6. 6 2.16} 2 -20 4.43} 3.92) 1. 9 2.21) 2 Boil 1.88} 3.82) 2. 5 9.73) 10 158 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF STATION SAMPLES, 1902. a S) = A 2 Manufacturer, place of business and brand. | Sampled at SC} BS a — N ! 2897|Gloucester Fish and Potash............ seeses ogocceonescasete co: |Bangor ..... ... 2898|Maine State Grange Chemicals...... soon oc |Houlton ........ 2899| Maine State Grange Potato Manure |Houlton .. ..... 2900|Stockbridge Corn and Grain Manure......-...---25. 2+ -e0-seeee- ,Damascus.....- 2901/Stockbridge Potato Manure ......... « ...- sesa AOOAGOES boOaA |Hermon ....... - 2902|Stockbridge Seeding Down Manure.............eeeeseeeceeees ee |Bangor ......... E. FRANK COE CO., NEW YORK, N. Y. 2903) E. Frank Coe’s Celebrated Special Potato Fertilizer......-..... Winterport..... 2904|E. Frank Coe’s Columbian Bone Superphosphate........ ... |Bangor ......... 2905!E. Frank Coe’s Columbian Corn Fertilizer... ................. |Newport........ | 2906|E. Frank Coe’s Columbian Potato Fertilizer | 2907|E. Frank Coe’s Excelsior Potato Fertilizer... 2908|E. Frank Coe’s Grass and Grain Special. ....- ........... 2 « 2909|E. Frank Coe’s High Grade Ammoniated Bone Superphos ....|Winterport..... ; 2910|E. Frank Coe’s High Grade Potato Fertilizer ............ .....- Weeesi tee 2911/E. Frank Coe’s New Englander Corn Fertilizer........ ........ IDI en esa cadence 2912|E. Frank Coe’s New Englander Potato Fertilizer ...... ....... DD Pessascase cess 2913)E. Frank Coe’s Prize Brand Grain and Grass Fertilizer ...... |Belfast.-...... 2914|E. Frank Coe’s Red Brand Excelsior Guano. ....... ..-.....--- IDSs Coosa cc DEERING PACKING CO., SACO, ME. 2915 Perfection JMSVHININVAB? coodcod pookuconceeacounaace cescccucDooSeoare (Biddeford seoce - FERNALD KEEN & TRUE CO., WEST POLAND, ME. A91G Sweet COLne Manne s---oeeios eerste cree erica ea ee neeeeeaee Oxford stelle teers WALTER G. FOSS, FOXCROFT, ME. 2917|New Market Fertilizer ...-..... 2... scc-06 seccescccce once -occce |Foxcroft .....-- S9ISINGweMaEkebinertilizer sencmnscesaacu == \nicieceaceiemclone bane erie ae ‘Poxer Off «sees LISTER’S AGRICUL. CHEM. WORKS, NEWARK,N 2919| Lister’s Animal Bone and Potash... ..... sccceeseeeeerss-ceeee ‘| 2920| Lister’s High Grade Special for Spring Crops.............-..-- } Papal bri ier ets) lever) WIT IRS Go Go- podcdosodescebs b-oOseD Hosncesocuones 2922| Lister’s Seeding Down Fertilizer ........-- ..-.scee-ceessccccece |Portland........ 2923) Lister’s Special Corn and Potato Fertilizer.....................|\Carmel.......... prepae' Laksy ei eds) eae ers) Nerd SUA E poSe coo oceoceansesasonee Socséon condos j\Carmel’..-snsse= LOWELL FERTILIZER CO., BOSTON, MASS. } 2925|Swift’s Lowell Animal Brand........ccc.s.0. 2. © ccceeeeccecnnees East Corinth ... 2926|Swift’s Lowell Bone Fertilizer ..... 222+ wecccesacccces ca-ce Yarmouth...... 2927, Swift’s Lowell Dissolved Bone and Potash..... .......... ..- |Belfast.. ts 2928/Swift’s Lowell Ground Bone. ... -.-2. 2 2 2 cccee-seccenee- sees |Yarmoutn...... 2929|Swift’s Lowell Potato Manure........- 10. .ccsccccccccceccnceens| Brewel....--«.- 2930|Swift’s Lowell Potato Phosphate... ..-.----..-.. ---+---- «+--| Bangor ......+- NATIONAL FERTILIZER CO., BRIDGEPORT, CONN. 2931|Chittenden’s Ammoniated Bone Phosphate sompenc socuncences |PresqueIsle.... 2932| Chittenden’s Complete Fertilizer .........-..seesceccccecenes oe |Ft. Fairfield.... 2933|Chittenden’s Market Garden ... ...---2- seees-ee ee scenes ones 'Ft. Fairfield ... NEW ENGLAND FERTILIZER CO., BOSTON, MASS. 2934|New England Corn Phosphate...........2. sseeees sence oe 0 cee Bangor ......+2- 2935|New England Potato Fertilizer.....-... ..... .. sos oseecosers Etna.------.» == 2936|New England Seeding Fertilizer .....-..-----...2-seeeeees setts Bangor. .. «.-. EDWIN J. PHILBRICK, AUGUSTA, ME. j PeEBy | EMM Rae OS SRA acose sce casccosneode soacseso5 sacedecooorsse AUgUST@...-.-+0, FERTILIZER INSPECTION. 159 ANALYSES OF STATION SAMPLES, 1902. NITROGEN. PHOSPHORIC ACID. POTASH. = Total. Available. Total. & & ce} ee ae a | 3s 2 i) ‘ . 5) Lom) ' ' x Sealer hetanl col Secl el eeeler ee Wate el ore ise lire lho va) 5 ob 5 at 5 > © 5 at = ay 5 3 S ieee 2a) 6. | ae re ® az S |s2 Se | ae ° = ee cee SE ee Sel opie Se Ne cree coe ere (SSN iy, lees 2897 -69 30 -99 -75|| 1.63) 6.15} 4.20) 7.78 6 11.98} 9 1.30) 1 2898] 1.92 62} 2.54) 2.50 6.24) 2.438] 3.05} §S.67| 8 11.72] 12 5.08] 4 2899) 1.44 34) 1.78) 1.50 4.90} 3.85) 3.28) 8.75) 9 12.03} 12 11.53} 12 2900) 2.55 74| 3.29) 3.00)| 5.25) 2.34) 2.14) 7.59} 7 9.73) 9 7.68) 7 2901) 2.15 83] 2.98] 3.00 4.02} 2.85) 2.32) 6.87} 6 9.19) 8 10.23) 10 2902} 1.99 76| 2.75) 2.25 2.46] 3.63) 2.87) 6.09) 6 8.96) 10 9.53] 10 2903) 1.40 -31) 1.71) 1.65}} 5.45) 3.138} 1.96) 8.58) 8 10.54) 9.50)} 4.25) 4 2904 «64 -63| 1.27) 1.20 6.84) 2.78) 2.68) 9.62] 8.50) 12.30) 10 2.44] 2.50 2905 -71 -60) 1.31) 1.20 6.83} 2.90} 2.46) 9.73] §.50) 12.19) 10 2.34) 2.50 2906) 1.03 -57! 1.60) 1.20 6.70) 2.84) 2.45) 9.54) 8.50) 11.99) 10 2.69] 2.50 2907) 1.97 -48} 2.45) 2.40 7.19) 1.88} 2.02} 9.07) 7 11.09} 8.50 6.52] § 2908 228 -67 95 -80 6.46} 2.75) 2.55) 9.21) 8.50) 11.76) 1 1.63) 1.50 2909} 1.52 66) 2.18] 1.85 6.84} 2.92} 2.07) 9.761 9 11.83] 13 2.71, 2. 2910} 1.25) 1.30) 2.55) 2.40 6.32} 2.05) 2.17) 8.37| 7.50) 10.54] 8.50 5.66| 6 2911 -53 73) 1.26 80}| 5.63) 2.93) 2.41) 8.56! 7.50) 10.97) 9 2.80} 3 2912 ~B4 66} 1.00 80|| 5.97; 2.49] 2.50} 8.46] 7.50} 10.96] 9 3.01) 3 WOMBlooscadlancosall soacallanaoos 5.93| 4.26) 3.48] 10.19] 10.50) 18.67] 12 1.83} 2 2914; 2.04) 1.10) 3.14] 3.40 7.56] 2.09) 2.04) 9.65) 9 11.69} 10.50 5.31] 6 2915|.-... : 71 -71 40|| 4.74) 3.33 -69| 8.07) 6 8.76; 8 3.43) 2 2916} 1.36) 1.16) 2.52) 2.50]| 5.93} 8.23) 1.91] 9.16] 9 11.07) 11 2.79) 2 2917 -62 31 93 40 6.79] 4.13 -85| 10.92) 6 11.77] 8 4.50| 2 2915 -51 52) 1.03 40 3.70! 3.66 -87| 7.36] 6 $.23) 8 3.05) 2 2919 iexarerayexsil roreteiaiays!|laroyeeverss| Wesicieress 6.19} 4.99} 1.47) 11 18] 10 12.65} 11 2.49| 2 2920) 1.2) -60} 1.81) 1.65 6.76} 2.36) 1.21); 9.12} 8 10.33) 9 10.40; 10 2921) 2.63 -67| 3.30) 3.30|| 5.01) 3.39) 2.05} 8.40) 8 10.48) 9 7.03| 7 2922 -59 62) 1.11 -83/| 5.69) 3.01} 1.79} 8.70) 7 10.49) 8 1.69; 1 2923) 1.49 -48) 1.97) 1.65 5.15) 3.27) 2.64) 8.52) 8 11.16} 9 Biol td) By 2924 94 -42) 1.36] 1.24 7-07} 1.81} 2.48] 8.88} 9 11.36) 11 224) 2 2925| 1.50) 1.13] 2.63] 2.47 7.42) 2.40) 1.31) 9.82) 9 11.13) 10 4.43) 4 2926) 1.31 -68} 1.99) 1.65 4.64) 3.14] 1.34) 7.78} 8 124) 4.03! 3 2927| 1.09 -61) 1.70) 1.65 6.43) 1.71) 2.07) 8.14) 9 10.21) 10 2.47) 2 928 ele GS |i lies © mmo a4 |e oA |||l vereteteull | raveteteteliniatereatsi|fateteteretel| etetetets 24.69] 25 ||...... leases 2929 -99 -95| 1.94) 1.65 4.83] 3.00} 1.61) 7.83) 7 9.44) 8 4.26 4 2930) 1.88 -79| 2.67| 2.47 6.16) 2.26) 1.63] 8.42) § 10.05) 9 6.62, 6 2931 off -95| 1.72) 1.60 5.15) 4.30) 1.67) 9.45] 8 11.12) 10 2.68) 2 2932) 2.20} 1.22) 3.42) 38.30 6.06) 2.16; 1.51] 8.22) §& 9.73] 10 7.31| 6 2933| 1.17) 1.35) 2.52] 2.47 4.59) 2.13) 1.59) 6.72) 6 8.31} 8 5.79] 5 2934) 1.70 -55| 2.25) 1.65 3.03) 6.35) 1.00} 9.41) & 10.41} 9 3.16) 3 2935| 1.64 -60) 2.24) 1.64 5.18} 2.58} 1.49) 7.76) 7 9.25) 8 3.86) 4 2936] 1.02 -39} 1.41) 1.22 4.93] 2.68 -76| 7.61) 7 8.37| 8 2.07) 2 2937| 2.36 7Ti| 3.13; 2.00}} 3.33] 4.63) 3.62} 7.96) 7 11.58] 9 5.29] 5 160 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF STATION SAMPLES, 1902. Station number. 2945 2946 2947 2948 2949 2950 2951 2952 2953 2954 2955 2956 Manufacturer, place of business and brand. Sampled at PARMENTER & POLSEY FERT. CO.,PEABODY, MASS. INV WAV SPAN GME tiliz enssjmercicisielsiaterobotlen eiclontie slovometeleven netetsietmiciere elautaccreveiele P. & P. Potato Fertilizer ........-. ... ... fal ateleteret ters toteveererelemietelcrete Plymouth Rock Brand Fertilizer...........cseccseessercues seeee Special Potato Fertilizer ........0...00-c002 soccnes- sereceeses PORTLAND RENDERING CO., PORTLAND, ME. BOI AMAIMNIRE Es onoe.coos G60 9 eo0000 | ondda5250 GcDOD0 GonSoDDGbO PROVINCIAL CHEMICAL FERT. CO. Lv d, St.John,N.B. IEXOLEAG) IPOS MONKaooo5 coodcassoodegd0000 Oo © nonceboouoso0co00 RUSSIA CEMENT CO., GLOUCESTER, MASS. Essex A 1 Superphosphate..... 1... ... ceeeeees cone secccceceres Essex Complete Manure for Potatoes, Koots and Vegetables. IDSRGax< (OfoMTA ere HUNVAETPs ooc0corc000 so0q 50000 cocandbodocDOOOsO0a5 ODO Essex Market Garden and Potato Manure .............+. 20 000 Essex XXX Fish and Potash........ ccc. ee-cecee secrcccee socses SAGADAHOC FERTILIZER CO., BOWDOINHAM, ME. Aroostook Potato Manure ... ...-.....ee---seees o-sces secercees (OPAC Gb di bt sgnancoombonosdadooenoeaoOdbd Va raterale olen eters Me leletareliraiens Dinigophentiltzele-tecectereierer ieee mits ieee iieiere serie aa Sagadahoc High Grade Superphosphate. ...........2.+-++eseee- Sagadahoc Special Clover Fertilizer ...... ....2-cee2 0 cence wee Special PotatowMertilizer cil cole ciseee ae eieeiee erieeisielsincieielsielele Njanike GnH er tilizeryecreclcciecmecierciiemeeniciicieciisiei cricleietatelelereieleieters JOHN WATSON, HOULTON, ME. Watson’s Improved High Grade Potato Manure..........-.++.- Presque Isle.... Presque Isle.... Presque Isle.... Presque Isle.... Ea. Deering... Presque Isle.... Bangor ........- Bangor Bangor . Old Town .....-- Bowdoinham .. Bangor ......... Old Town ...... Bowdoinham .. Ola Town - ... Old Town ..-. Houlton ........ FERTILIZER INSPECTION. 161 ANALYSES OF STATION SAMPLES, 1901. NITROGEN. PHOSPHORIC ACID. POTASH. s Total. Available. Total. Z S| & ys Zs Bais Ge < | 3 2 Omen re S o 2 = = : = € |se/28/ 2/8 Seen Se bees eaten i See Iver iss 3 a | GS 5 Ale} 3 ; S 5 ac 5 ac 5 a S |/6o3 | 2s S) 50 BS ® 2 } 50 } =D ° ra} eae tee eerie rmnay |e eae ees eile cso ulpeean aR S| eel) os ! 2938) 4.16 -51) 4.67) 4.53); 3.96) 4.09) 2.40} 8.05) 7 10.45| 8 8.53) 8 2939) 1.49 52} 2.01) 1.64]| 2.04) 4-21) 3.75) 6.25) 6 10.00; 7 6.47| 6 2940) 2.04 -52| 2.56) 2.47|| 3.91) 4.08) 3.83) 7-99] §& 11.82) 9 4.46| 4 2941) 2.42 -75| 3.17) 3.29|| 4.04) 4.34) 3.36) 8.38] 8 11.74) 9 Tedd) 7 2942} 3.09) 2.37) 5.46) 6 - «-| 6.53] 9-36]....-- 15.89] 14 ||...-- ail tatatetetete 2943) 1.86 70) 2.56) 3 7.62} 2.63) 5.75) 10.25) 8 16.00) 14 3.47; 6.50 2944 nlp} -56} 1.09) 1 -85| 4.19} 5.97) 5.04) 7 11.01} 9 2.54) 2 2945) 3.10 -50| 3.60) 3.70)| 3.86) 3.01) 5.09) 6.87) 7 11.96) 9 8.72] 8.50 2946) 1.85 -52| 2.40) 2 2.47| 4.63] 5.61] 7-10) 8.50} 12.71] 10.50]} 3.55) 3 2947} 1.27) 1.19] 2.46) 2 2.57| 5.49} 3.97) 8.06) 8 12.03) 10 5.44) 5 2948) 1.18) 1.09) 2.27) 2.10}| 4.21] 3.08) 6.25) 7.29] 9 13.54} 12 2.56) 2.25 2949 +99 68} 1.57} 1.50)| 3.19] 3.06] 1.90) 6.25) 7 8.15} 8 esa) 3 2950) 6.46 82] 7.28/ 7.50)|.....- 5 00 2.18) 6.75) 2 8.93) 8 8.63) 8 2951 -08 70} 1.28) 1.50)| 8.52) 4.20) 5.65) 7.7 5 13.37) 12 4.64, 1.75 2952) 1.46 218} 2.24) 2 4.37| 3.96} 1.75) 8.33] 7 10.08} 8 4.63) 3 2953 -51 -04! 1.35) 1.25|)) 4.71) 5.36) 2.45) 10.07) 6 1PAfsy4) 8) Oa itetevarers 2954) 1.17 -89| 2.06) 2.25!) 3.38) 3.13 .83) 6.51] 8 Wax! 8) 11.06} 7.50 2955) 1.20 -38| 1.58 -40}| 2.58) 2.03) 2.97; 4.61) 6 7.58] 8 4.34, 2 2956} 1.29] 1.74) 3.03) 3 2.47) 3.36) 5.49) 5.83] 6 LCS 2 | 5.31} 5 1902. STATION. AL EXPERIMENT LTUR U AGRIC MAINE 162 Oth git 0°% ore OL 0°% org ira OrL Ol 0% ou 0% 0°% 0°9 O's OL 0°% 00°% L8*T 68'S 64°8 Wade 16 G tH) ere ONT Lypz 80°6 08'S 6 era ron 6 sory BT 8x “O06T NLT |P6O°L It jet 10°% =|00°S zag = 80'°k gg°9 [8h are [eee garg [rete gore = |99°% L8°9 |66°L 1 ae ee lL = |Z9'T Sor jos" PRS [L8G Lee [82% ss"P j08'°9 OL°% |9P'S f2°T [981 80°S J La"S 16°T 88 1 LO°OL |09°6 OGL |8PrL % | % “ZOGT | “LO6T *punog HSVLOd ost j19°8 G0°6 O's jLe's g9°8 O'S |9a"8 go's O'R =I6L'8 20'S ons 99° : OS |S6°L ore LPL seer eee . O'8t OP'S jGa°S8 [GP'S O'R [L878 |eore | ce*° OVE = |SPUh) [nua O'S |OL°L |8I°1t Ost |sps |g9°s 0°6 {89'S |6L*OL JO1'6 OG = [BOL |BL°6 Lb 079) «= |go'L |8L°9 18P°9 O'Sk 186"8 JLT"S JO6"R« OTL = |SttL |PI8 J18's O08 JOP'G [ard [STS O°8t {86° 079 = [689 O'8 [ad's % % BS & | ZOGT | LOGT | *006T af a bs P ot fas) & *punogy ‘aroOV OINOHASONHA OUTVIIVAV 90° Gr 90°S 0°T 90°S O8'€ O° OGG g0°T OLR 78° «0° UI 90° Gt 09°% 09°% 09°% 90°S ay" 801 p3ajqueiens UMVOLA OO Ow PI'S =[90°S Jet's |° OBS |9I°Z {LOS |° O2'L JO8T Ikal PIG = |8O°G [PSG | ZUR jeer’ eae 7 geet leeeeslorey |: were fevers [oeeeee|s eH tL 9k T j02°T Oye EY Med dlets] ee eal epee POI Ware ee get eet ject |* oe [pee (LES | RL°] |(9°% j09°S |" GL°S |19°S |19°G |" gg°% = |18°S |19°S ||" OLS |LOG JOU Gx Q8°t 19y°t j9L'l 4 OT [6'L JOB |* 81% O8'€ » 1g . % “BOGT | “LOGT | “O0GT *punogy ‘N@VOMWLIN SUTINVS NOLEVA = Si uMod dev eee OY dsoy | ULOH 8.109019 teeeeeerroeseres ss Oomdsoyudlodng puvpoaolo hee es TOZIITAOT UMOG SULPOOG PUVBlLOADTO * oq uydsoud OFBIOG PUBlOADTD “-OIMUBT OVO[AULOH OPRLYH YSTTT PUBpoao0;lp ee se. ‘OLLLUG [A] ZTILAO WT AVUIG Aug eyeydsoydaodnug +7] teeesees OINUN I OFVIOd HAOAD [LV LOJ LOZT[TAO GT PUBLOADTO OINUV A OFVIOT OAOH ARYIVIO * QUUNY OUTTVALV AULA Suryy seen ty 7s OINUBAL OJOTAULOH ooUBYOC Suppoos ao0y LOZ LOT OWS Aug torres yy LOZTLTEAOT OFUIS AU DANN BLIND JOUBLA WAT) DAODN BAIVIO DANN BOTAVIO oA0D 8. AULD OAOD BTIVIO DANN 8 MAVBIO *'y 6, Ad[pRag 8, Ao, pulg LOZ IO OFWIO 8 AOTPBIT OYVY ARO BIBSVIN 8 AO[PUAG ' SLOZLPE OUT BIPOCN GT 8, KO[PWAg oyuydsoyd uUtop 8, AoTpBarg “T18UGOd WOT WIIM OIMUT]T oqopd uo; ) 8, A0[ puargy WE | JO omen ISINVUVOY WO NOSTA Va WOO *SOlL(UIOHOA PUB BOOPUIO, TOF OKINUBA OVOTAWMOH B AOL PBA ‘106L UL pasuvyo voa}uBIBNY | *sOSA[BUB OM JO OAUVIDAY + 163 teeseeees seeeeeses eeees oayqdsoyud 078I0g OBIdIuUINngy resets seeeeeeeeererereesessQINUBA OFBIOg DBIdIUUINe reece eesseeeeeeeeee sees TQZITIQIOT YMBYOW OBIdruutne 0's 8I°S |F2°OT |/90°% JGe°G JOE'S |Sl°s OES ||OG°*Zt |Lb°e |1S°G [6S zerL [esses lize ee-~ |ggrp [ettee: roo Dar— aon roe aA ~ Lo} ot raid th sees QINUBA, UIOD OBIdLuUTINy ee ee er ay ---9yBeydsoud XBULTTO ovidtuuingy *1OZ1[1J1I0,q IDAOTO PUB 51BO ‘JB9UM UOTUD §,10470q — 8 L |99°6 |/90°S |FL'G [PRS |cl~s Liv |e ; : 0 19 a en Ea) S = << a ei ANAK xD in ois) QUet1i9g Lael ei oa >) oS onl > Dw So I : . . . . ° . . le teeeerereceeees TOZIITJIOT [BSIDATUL) UOLUL §,10398d tte seeeseee oe s-*QINUBAL 0}BI0Og UOLUL §,.1999Bq to'-9s'9QINUB OJI[AWOD ,S1dUIPIVY UOLUD §,.19y0BVg 0G" Sx —_— Se) — re ° inn) Comal i. ~ cal o> —— i) a 5 ro no on sa) ras onn SNM o = er) Ii~-scn aa So rt] xz S on — e . . « . T tat fates se cece seeeereeee sere QUBNYH BIQBJOFIA [BOTWOUOD UOLUA §,19y9Bg “2 |79°% te beer eee eee cette nese teres cere oees LQZI[TGLIT ULOD [BULTUY UOTUQ §,1040¥g Zz nN too tol ott teeeee -se0* TBIDAdS O1BJOg DBIOVT Law CAND m—Dw — lorie 2) Did ° Ages nN t~ . a rune o- S i—) [or aI oS Bora ron) Cocoon : SDO OnN 2) . on lo) er ee ed ouBny anbsqon oyloBd tie eseeeee 1QZIT]IOg [BI9UID BPBID USI OYloBVd POL [cecttt eee ceeeeteeeee ceeeeeeesecseeeeeeeee 19ZIZlO URI PUB SSBID Ole _— int for) al of lor rc ve} isn) ol 22 30 Tories! Om . ol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . eateymeseTer Teveletorsicistarvelarcteloveteerialers(alaleverelereleleleyclersveiere ustj0d pue 9uog paarossiq oylova “--*+ oauqdsoydisdng so 80°6 #6°R 90°z4 00°3 00° z 90°S i 2 ey SUG OCOCOO ODODE HOODOO ODOIC VA yl UGH | 048j0g 8110 - S DR Lol oS i) a id a emo Coo Soo Sooo cen 3 2 mien ois or =) = oa i a e Pe 5 Soo ooo o50 GON Tren ror lor z : Ss 5 S on L 8 oe Diz mee ny Ge sore ss* 7B1IDadg UIOD UIDGWION U19ISBq IBIID ve tees cee ceeeeensee eee teesserers "© QINUBI OFBIOG UIIISB” IVIIH g69 lien lzee [Lore leme frtttts trretertess cores QanuBA, 0780 [B}/EdS OpBIH SIH UloIsVG JBVoIH OND NNS rn Dan ore lore ellos | ee = - ine) _ aS ot co x) ine) * WAiQmM orn + St (7a) Fry & es) * Ss S a ou 2 HD = S S TS a = ¥ 5 : FERTILIZER INSPECTION. os cog I~ = = et wO = cml ea iS re S ce 5 5 : F E 5 ° . : 5 5 3 te eeeeeerees oe ceeseeeess IOZITIVIOT 8IBO PUB SSBINH ULOISLY IBI915 + ie] —] ec > i) = I KL o ccpa cost CO ON Lala se | = Lol ~ Te Fin) Bid —— +e 2 — . 90°C PU’ [ect ett etter eteteceeereeece seeeee oss -oquydsoydiedng puvfrequing 7 . QOLONOHO BOOS OOOO DOOOROUOE NT AOA Ai uMOQg BUIpIIg puvj1equng 1Y'S lSyree [ertccrcttt testes stesss tees cee seeee eeeeees TOZITIZLOT 0FBJOd PuBLLequIng ig 5) lor) cal i oD in| mDo cme DOw bods S)leon) = RH - One =r a a = ir) a 22 aroray wi~- om) = oO . + teeeeereees 99+ QUBNYH puBpequing sect e ee eee eeree ceeeteeeeeeeseeeeeesseeeres QaBydsoyd LOlledng §,19Y2019 weet esr le eee |e ee ee eset tees eee s See eesseessees- see Seesaee o.1NUB 0}B10d [e1oedg §,19Hd01D . . S —) ec ° o=-m (nara oN), [P2202 99000 B SOGRRnGODODS OpceyAg lah G}E/ oOddBqoy, puB doy ‘07810g 6,19 40019 16°L |go°l fete ceeceee seeceeesss-OaBTdsOyudlodng poyBIuOWWY [BAIY MON §,199001D I 62°0L eee eee wee eee DOGO OIG of eee ese eer eee ee ee ere eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee cere TOZI[I1O A 8180 pu®B S8@B.14) 5,19 yOOID . HOD CHO Gin Doe : a —+ oto ooo oo1. ooo oc> coo aiaic Sain co mee a tt SD Ooreic Dae 1902. MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 164 Band . moon ara Leen koy | CO OI ees NSH aA ooo ooo IN Oo D> ono core coco ooo ++ —— — — Ss CUca aN - Baars DON ANN = aa a S> GO =H mtd b ono ome acon oe aa oan 3 5 = 7050 now oelor ier) San om ac ac por) 2 o> es é . D eS (oo) an 1d CO 3 Don oO & Seer 1S ot % Se oie) S ans Sas Tom RoAcrie Ser S S i=) noo 1 S 1D ret OO rt a eon2s wo) ce" 2 lS i] 06° £0714 eeessaee-seeeeessse sees seceeeceseees--91BVYdsOUd UdPABy puB WABY 5,197 Mog eeee+rocessoes, e828 + ee+-seersree Sel claekele)siefereless\eieli¢ QATNULG | 071810g AlaABq §,loyMOg cece eet eeesreassee eoceceers seeeessecscesece seeeees-oIByUdsOud ULOD 8, 1OYMOG eooce SiBicie shag os ciciaiustescs/eieissusterieclee sO BU SO Ue au0g jesoy § HIBVIO ® SULBITILM weet sees cecsceccsescescveeeessOINUBA OFBIO SNILIOWY §,YIBID Y SUIBI[TE AA User oasis eaisieiack “++ *-1Bloadg OpBID USTH SNOLMOULY S,41B[O F SUBIT[I MA feet recesses seeresec seeereseeosQqyyudsoud UlOD snoliomy S,YlBlO W SULBITIEA sore oes Qaeydsoydiedug suo0g po YVIUOWLU Y SNOLIOULY §,H1B[D ®% STUBITILA sees eee ees es cee see es es eosesrteensece seersse** §901810"0 IOj [e1oeds pispusys BODO DODD 2H O0DDG0NG20009000000900009050090000000000 GooodoosODOR oo GUNS) [DICH DUM POSBOG REDO GOOODHO=0ARndOG 800 HORq0G080 abe GonOODOKGOORGNDS00 aiayAgqunie)ay \euma onan ls Peers cette eee eter tees te ees eeeeeeesereeeeers cose OINUBI OJO[AMIOD Prlvpusys Feet cetee cece eeesereseeess Ceceeseceseoecseeseervores USBIOT PUB UO pAlBpUTIS SSDS eters bene Ge cess eeeeeeeee cee vores tees sees secre eee DBI YW PLEPuUBIS Peete eee e sere eset eee eee sees cose beeteesesceeeeereoeoes + OUBNHD OYLOVd B[QNIOS : sae coerce es cocesecee boononoDoOspO son ooDS PATIO) E OUTA pus 9[QBIVS9A §,pBoy se eetcosr ses coves sct seer svccacsesteveses ertecavces tress sesees IBD DING 8, PBIY se cescecs~cceesesesesesses cocosses «0 +eece srreeeeeees TOZTITIIOT palvgpuBig §,pBoy eeecesessecesesees cocessseesreesrersosves “-*' TByloede 01810g [BOTOBIg §.pvoay Pete ee eee teecereeecces oe tee seertereceees sorecees ereree*QINUBY O1VIO4 §,PBOY Pte ect etee ee 8 eereeeees seeceeesereeree QINUBY UMOG SuIpaesg ovidruumd “GO6I UL psej,uvieny , 6061 | “TO6T ‘punog ‘HSVLOd “0061 “COG | “TO6T | “006T “cO6T UL peequBisny ‘punog pee.uBieny “GOGT | “TO6T *punog “006T ‘dIOV OIMOHdISOHD aTavVIIVAV “NGO DOULIN ‘IOZI[I919,q JO OWBN “penunuoo-SuvaA HHAHL YOU SHIANWVS NOILVLIS GNV SHHLNVYVNSD AO NOSIYVdUWOD 165 INSPECTION. FERTILIZER ‘LOG UL posuvyq» sozuBasny | *SONA[BUB OM} JO OSBIDAY & OrL O°OL 0S 0G 0% 0% a9 OG 0k ~ + onl a oco —— i) ooo coo o ANC BAO ANS miso ent GU oo OFOL GPS 8 i) lee@ esl lu°$ OE G 9) ¢ LLG O-T Go) 6G PEG PRG CoP €o°6 SoU 8orL Ss tl 80°¢ 08° 276 tare G6 9L°G br'9 0f°% LUF &1°€ 60°% FPS ei nono coc, ooo elon ie) lis oy a = -oc eS cS 1 1d ot it~ —— IQ Cid -.0co DDD Mi- oO _— CONG mise LS [les ee sf lor iol 0} lorsoreNe} Nejor — rm) —— i) coo ooo coo S191 OFS éL'6 SUIL PL°6 9L°6 LO-8 | 0019 aon OOo lororior) Oa S- t+ S wae => Is DO 1 SO b= I> ck aAcCS oOMmis +S CID ~OW mow sTI-AN 1 ON DW . Son OnId HOON 1A ID SD 7. oso OO so aoos ot co tH © (ojNeweor} cain Dt~a 08's co'T OF OSS OF" OFS ao eee 0s" 08° OFS S31 08" OFS 06"T 03°T+ 06°L G9" Gaz} 00° 00°¢ OG" T 0S°G cL’ GL: GL OST cL OSL LG'S GL cL’ (AA CG 0&°S Is°L Lo" cG°% IL- Pls sec eee 00°T 96°T CG" SL°G C6" CPG 09°T =i ae & D0 erie ell Cir Sh WD loriors forall ao AS rt mae 10 = D acs > Len Peete ere eee sees cecaseeaceetcees cess -seseeeees oes -QINUBW OBI, 8.1098! trots ceesesececcererees 6019 SULIAG 10J [BIDVdg OPRAH USL §,10qst] Pt feeeeeee seeceeseeeees -QUBNH LOIS[OOXH PUBIG POY 8,909 YuBty “GT Thostetsessse TOZTTIOT SSBIX) PUB UBIO PUBIG OZL1g 8,009 YUBA “HT tect seeeesces 99 197 IJLOT OFBJOG LOBPUBLSUT MON 8,009 YUBA “yh soreeesee seeceeecees TOZI[IJIOT ULOM IOPUBlSUY MIN 8,00D YuBly “A weet seeeeeesresecssseses LOZTTLGIOT OFBJOd OPBIH USL 8,900 YUBIA “OL voce ss-oyuydsoqdiedng 9u0g poyvluoWMUY apKly UAL S,d00 YuBlg “y srtrsrssceee eeeceecescoees TBIDOdG UIBIN) PUB SSBID SNOWIBA 8,009 YUBIA wee seseeeeeecseces 9 TOZI(ILIq OFBIOT LOIS[VOXY 8,909 YuBlg “of sete et nee s seeeeeees oes seeTOZIITdOq OJBIOY UBLWN[OD 8,909 YUBIY “GL UNnGoOOdoaDnoG coda0g0005 Goon0o000 IOZ1[11.19,q u.log uvBIquin[oD 8,909 YUBAY vhs sess aguqdsoqdisdng auog UBIqUIN[UD 8,a09 UBIA OL sts LOZI[4G1 OFBJOd [BlOIdS po} Blqea[Vp 8,909 YuBly “A totes ecseecece seeeses- GINUBI, UMOG Surpaes aspliqyooig Trettseeese seceese oss QINUBA 9[QBJISIA PUB OIBIOYG BSpLiq30039 Theee seas eee Gees eecseeserseee ores QINUBI ULBLH PUB ULOQ aSpliq4o01g ttrstree sees coeseeesQINUBI 07BIOd VSUBID 91B19 JUIBT BD e0°RO00GGGG 5 SOSoGOOM Py Cnous e/a) OSUBIdD 91819 OUIBIV tieteeeeeee seeeereeescoesesesUSBIOg PUB Sh 49}890N0[5) er eeeeeee tess seseees QINUBIT BOT §.loayMog srreseceereeecees-Qieydsoyd doig 9.1ng §,.104 Mog “**-"USBqjod pus’ vuog puBig o1BNds §,.1a4 Mog theres seeree sees TOZITTIO 080g 9 5, 1OyMOg “s*-aqgBydsoqd 2148}939A pus 01810g 8,104 MOG Se rereececeeescecececseeeceseeee JOZITIOG 914BI2F9A PUB OIVIO 8,lo4MOg Peete ests ches esos eee ee ceees sesesess eyeydsoug a[dvB1sg 10 YSvjog §,1layMog tittsseet s seseeevereeteeresteeres+QUOg USBIO 8.193 MOG trreeessseeess oaBqdsoud [Md pure [LH 8.107 M0g 1902. STATION. {ENT Ik AGRICULTURAL EXPER MAINE 166 GAO = |00F Beh jaan Orr j00°> Lea joo" 89'S | PR*S hore freee NBR |20"F Oe |e GL°9 |TR*9 Te°b 16L°9 8) G [PSS og |sheg NR [NaF Lea |08°S RO'R J4U°8 RPP |8G"R eG |GRG SU’e |8b'& GH a6" %N % “O0GL | “LOGT *punogy HSV LOG se) HORT JGS'OL jee |PNG ]]00"Mt pee OL loerh BRL Janek [00% Leh j0's lees LPR |UN'R 1168's 1rd fore Jeers 8's jOk'G [LPS 999 loro Jona JMeo TROL | Pord srosesiignn lgo'a l80°R [tess /e9"% ceeeellon figry foreeeeferee [ager pa" OTL JOLth [0°S OL Lx |] POrt ies los |G JOLS J6OLts | lPat gota {loro “9 JSL'L |ae'o |iLprad PLM HOvR | fBBTR OIBLTR [Bb Th «08 eh gue [Jost lore JLE0L IIs'6 |/09' Lt G0°L O'S lee OGL [LOS |/LHe tor |JO°L Jesvh Jip kh Jeoro |/eort reeeellorgn (60'S ISE'EL [ott] Lt GEG [0G [PER [89°6 |LF GS |e0"L ges |]0°S |ebrh JG@°L |tors |/e0'l Ser [0° Jase JLB [POG |/Le] Ors |]O°GL JeatR [B96 [B86 RG Se |]O°R fags [O98 146°Sx o0"1 Oe OLS JOLTL |PUSL % % % % % 3 O Sia ‘N06t || 8 ‘T06T | O0GT || o§ MI} See bal =| or et @ tae a) @ & *punogy a “aYOV DLMHOMASOM MTIVIIVAY *popnppuop=— SUVA CLO L op'g ie LIS 9°% 10°% Lot Wl Pars 03'S “e061 Lop i t eeeseeure LRT ROTT eeee ee eee ogre lope [ores ctees TL°@ OWS ’ eeeeee gh’ LOT eee enreeee FOrp [reeeee| vere eens Oe) acc el ye loet AanSOAEG OQ'ee [LOG [ree cette DereinlOaseye|/pezaosaan: Met lang [ores eee tee pore | tte ee aot [part [treteeeees ahr tpoee [testes 18'T RS*1 ee ee eeee BGT (GLE [rete reeeee ON°S POG eeeeeeee owt lpPel aeniriaen goeL (Lb Te | testtees OL 8° Saar meee % % “LOGT | “O06T *punogy Wow SUTAN VS 4 NODLLVA OSvYUNT OUOG FOO Supwopuoey puvpyog LOZ O MT opuay UST BO MOM °C Or peed HL OT OPUQO [VL adg Haag Putt YOON GyNOw ATA HPO OFYOR "aq PUB LOZ MOT PUIG “Vv CV LOZ L107 SULPOoS puupsagy MON * 1OZIT1Ay OPUQOT PUULsuGE MON Opuydsoud Ulop puvlpsugp Mon seers “TOZTTTMOT VOPR JOxLTUA 8 UOpUEyTTO vee ees TOZTITIAT OOTAIUOD B,UApPUEQIYO peeeyaseeeses ces seesoquMsOtld AUOG POPBPUOULULY 8, CAPUTO oyuydsouy OVO T [TO MO'T BYTES Peeve ee ee teen vest ees tree eae cee ee Oe OUNUM EA, OLWOd TOMO! RATES Peete senses fee eee Geeeeeeeeeereeeeee QUOS? PUNOLE [LOMO BeJLAS. teeeeeeeeeeveseseeeeee ss TEMOT PUN OUOG POATORBTG [[OMOT BITING Pe eee ee beens Geeee fees se LO¥TTEMOg OUOG [LOMO BLLTMG pUUIG TRULTUY TTEMOT BITS peeeerteen eevee se) TOZTILLMO BROOONG &,.1O,RTq LOZ OVO PUL UtOH [BPOodg B.1OqBTT eee ees TOZITIOT UMOG SUTPOOg B,.1078TT] ‘OBIT MO JO OULU GQNV SOORINVUVOD WO NOSHIVANOO 167 INSPECTION. FERTILIZER ‘LO6T UL pesuBy) dvoquBieNy | *sOsSA[BUB OM JO OSBIDAV + §8°¢ |96°9 19°F |8o°g 6§°8 |LE°S [G9 |L8°¢ IgG |00°9 [Lor ¢ 00°84 Slente al ceeetlngey & OF + 00°34 0g “at og" Tt og*L 0S" T Age oO LEG Wanye [octtcecceste ese ceeeeeeeeessQImUBAy O7B1Og OPBINH TSI poeaoiduy §,u0sye A CLL |Z0°L fee nee e renee ee tere cee receeecers wecerceeseeecesers eeereee TOZTITVIOT IOHUBA Riera [Seele, /eo> BO sb0doconoo bo podooooooUb Good ScoGOu0 reerseeeesoquydsoqdidng d0yBpBses “st g9°h |98°S 1h Fx Pics FP Tx ee i sevesseseees TOZIIIAIA OFVIO”"D [BID9ds D04BpPBsBs 0) 0 0 90°IL |§6°0T |69°6 |/0° i) 0 6L'°T 8o'L eee eens eet eee sees sese Set eee ees eeeeseseee~ reer eeee wee eects IOZIMAI AT OSG 0 abooobsnSusosoduriaupan Boos MME RT CIS CEH) REY. |[i8d- ce ooodSooss coconarenoeS -ubp. dossandeohgoUseDonse. MOOURG IE TH APeNNe Le (Grent (aro ae? 9LeL &6'P wecce| aceer| cveee . se ee eeeseereee bee ~-oOce ox neo IO ON CONS “Y |8ar9) Ssh pe long [resteceettes te cee teee tees eeeereeeese seer eeessruisRqIOg PUB UST XXX Xossq 6&°% |§0°S |° -5 feeees*OINUBW OFBIOd PUB UIPIVY JOyIVR KOssy Q'S [ELTG [rete eter t eee cote ee cent eeae eeeeeeee seeeeeereeersees IQZTTLIOg ULOD XOSSi 6 |66°L |ST°S8 |9S°6 {OLS O°8t |90°S JOT*S |96°S ||00°G "8 |OL'L |§E°8 jLL°S8 |)00°S L L 8 ee ereeerecece eee Or |96°E [tcc ctt ttt S9TQBIISOA PUB S}JOOY ‘S909BJOd IOJ oANUBIY 9J9TA MOHD xessy FLL ewww es | eee eeeseeeese - ese ee se ee ee See eee teseeeseessssoqagudsoydisdng I Vv xossy Tee |1sg frosts crete + oqVydsogd 07830 [BPOedg 8,09 [BOTWEYH [BIoUTAOIg 18°9 |I8°S |ST°S |jOL'S FOS = |88°9 Jeers 00° “gt |ez-oL IFRS Iz9°6 Joost Ana aan oSa> oot 19 SO sera 168 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. COMPARISON OF GUARANTEES AND STATION SAMPLES FOR THREE YEARS, lt is important for the purchaser of fertilizers to know how the goods have compared with the guarantee, not merely for one year but for several years. Formerly we have printed a table comparing the analysis of the manufacturers’ and Station samples for the year with the guarantee. In the table on pages 170 to 175 there is given a comparison of the analyses of the sam- ples collected by the Station for the years 1900, Ig01 and 1902 with the guarantee of the manufacturers. When the guarantee has been changed in 1900 from that of the previous years the fact is indicated by a 7, and where more than one analysis of the same brand was made in 1900, this is indicated by a *. One of the claims which fertilizer manufacturers are making for the superiority of their goods over “home mixed fertilizers”’ is that the former are “manufactured.” This should mean, if it means anything, that the goods are more evenly mixed and therefore more uniform. In some instances in which two or more samples of the same brand have been taken and analyzed, they have been found to differ from each other quite materially. The samples were taken with a great deal of care by experienced men from a large number of packages. It would not seem diffi- cult to make “home mixed fertilizers” which should run as unt- form as some of the brands here reported upon. In studying the table of comparison of guarantees of the Station samples for three years, it will be found that many goods run quite uniform year after year. This is particularly true as regards phosphoric acid and is readily understood when it is remembered that the “superphosphate” is the starting point and that the materiais furnishing the nitrogen and potash are added to this. The potash and nitrogen are the more expensive sub- stances in fertilizers and greater variations in composition are found in these constituents. VARIATION IN TRILLIUM GRANDIFLORUM. H. W. BritcHer. To all those who have cultivated vegetable or flower gardens it has probably been a matter of frequent observation that, in any bed composed of plants all of the same sort, there have been individual differences or variations. Some of the plants have been more vigorous growers than others and have come to earlier maturity. In some of the plants the flowers have been uniformly of larger size or perhaps have shown a tendency to be double or in some other way differ from the flowers of the rest of the plants. The horticulturist, growing plants in large quantities, has a much wider field of observation. When he finds a plant exhibiting a slight variation which he considers of value he carefully saves the seed and from it raises another generation of plants, some of which will show the variation in intensified form. From such plants another generation is raised and the process is repeated until the variation becomes fixed, that is, until the desired character is present in all the plants raised from the selected seed. This is known as artificial selection and is one of the ways in which new and improved varieties are produced. Propagation from sports, or plants in which vari- ations become fixed in a single generation, is another method and hybridization is still another. By these methods most of our cultivated crons of the present day have been developed or artificially evolved from, in most cases, pactically worthless ancestors. In his book entitled “The Evolution of Our Native Fruits,’ Professor Bailey says: ‘““The American grapes have given rise to eight hundred domestic varieties, the American plums to more than two hundred, the raspberries to three hundred and various other native fruits have a long cultivated progeny.” In “Animals and Plants Under Domestication” Darwin pre- sented a vast amount of material on artificial selection, and in 12 170 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. his “Origin of Species’ he showed how by natural selection, the slight variations normally occurring in nature would be magnified until, in the course of ages, several distinct species would result from a single ancestor and differ from that ancestor even more than they differ among themselves. Several instances showing how extensive may be the variations in a single wild species have been given by Wallace in his book entitled “Dar- _ winism.” Such differences among individuals of a species in a state of nature are much commoner than the indifferent observer would believe, but are well known to those who, in studying carefuily small groups of either plants or animals, have been brought in contact with large numbers of individuals of the same species. Wuthin recent years the results of several such studies of variations have appeared in the scientific period- icals and the main purpose of this article is to present in tabular form the size and color variations found in a number of indi- viduals of the common white trillium or large-flowered wake- robin. : The tendency of Trillium grandiflorum to exhibit variations of the sort known as pkyllody, or the reversion of flower parts to leaves, is well known to botanists. Professor Charles A. Davis read a paper on the subject at the meeting of the Ameri- can Association for the Advancement of Science in 1897 and exhibited a large number of specimens collected in Michigan. Mrs. L. L. Goodrich, a well-known botanist of Syracuse, has studied the same phenomenon at considerable length and has found that the variations persist even after removal of the plants to a suitable place in the garden. The results of part of her work were very briefly and unostentatiously noted a few years ago in “Meehan’s Monthly.” The occurrence of the same phenomenon in other localities has occasionally been brought to the notice of some scientific society so that the present account can lay no claim to novelty. However, it is thought worth while to record in permanent form the actual measurements of various parts of a series of plants exhibiting diferent degrees of this sort of variation, which, as soon as it materially affects the essential organs of the plant, namely the stamens and pistils, prevents the formation of seed by the plant. This of course stops the direct propagation of the more abnormal forms by the method of seed selection. It is conceivable, however, that such forms VARIATION IN TRILLIUM GRANDIFLORUM. 171 may be increased by natura! division of the rootstocks of the two-stemmed individuals, and perhaps also by cross pollination, as in many of the very abnormal forms one or more of the stamens produce pollen, which is probably potent. In fact among the plants examined, in only five flowers was it noted that none of the stamens were pollen bearing. The plants here described were collected near Syracuse, N. Y., in a wood oi second-growth timber. The soil, which overlies a limestone formation and which is more or less intermixed with jimestone rocks, is a rich leaf-mould on top and a compact clay loam beneath. The rootstocks usually rest on the clay and most of the roots penetrate into it. The richness of the locality in trillium individuals is only poorly shown by the first illustration. In a strip of territory hardly a quarter of a mile wide and less than a mile long normal plants occur by the hundreds of thousands and abnormal ones by thousands. At some spots barely half a dozen abnormal forms can be found among a thousand plants, while at a nearby spot from ten to fifteen out of every hundred will show coloration of the petals with the accompanying variations of the other parts. On the whole, probably at least one per cent of the plants shows abnormal variation. While the measurements given indicate approximately the size of each part, they do not of course indicate the shape of the outline. This varies to some extent in the cases of the leaf blades and sepals, but very conspicuously so in the case of the petals. Thus, as the photographs and table of measurements show, plants 13 and 143 have petals more than three times as long as they are wide, while numbers 22 and 31 are nearly as broad as they are long. Numbers 84, 105 and 163a are just as broad as long, while 1626 is broader than long. But, however much the outline may vary, the petal never loses its pointed tip. In some of the specimens examined it was in a deeper notch than shown in plants 111 and 22. It comes more nearly being obliterated in extremely broad-petaled plants of the normal sort, such as number 12, than its does in any of the greatly abnormal varieties. iy In the following table all the measurements are in millimeters, the greatest width of the organ being given first and then the length. When two figures are given in the column “Length of ovary,” the first refers to the length of the stalk or stem upon 172 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. . which in such specimens the ovary is placed, and the second refers to the length of the ovary proper, as indicated usually by a slight swelling. In the column “Color of petal” the size of the green centre stripe is frequently given and also its position (proximally or distally) when it is not approximately in the centre of the petal. When the green stripe is rather narrow it usually does not extend to either the base or the tip of the petal. ABBREVIATIONS. b. border, referring to a space from two to four millimeters wide along the margin of the petal. c. centre. dis. distally, referring to the distal part of the petal. ed. edge, referring to a space not more than one millimeter wide along the margin of the petal. gr. green. Jt. light. m. margin, referring to a space from four to six millimeters wide along the margin of the petal. pr. proximally, referring to the proximal or basal part of the petal. wh. white. NOTES. 1-14. Typical plants, showing ordinary slight variations of the different parts. 15-17. Plants with petioled leaves, all the other parts being typical. 18-129. Abnormal plants, showing variation in petal colora- tion and in structure of parts. — 22. Length of petioles 76, 81 and 86 mm. 24. ‘The green centre stripes on the petals are 10, 14 and 18 mm. wide. 25. The green centre stripes on the petals are 12, 14 and 22 mm. wide. 26. The third petal is smaller than the others, the stem being 14 mm. long and the blade 18x30 mm. in size; two stamens are aborted, the others having filaments 14, 10, 8 and 4 mm. long and anthers 9, 9, 5 and o mm. long. 27. ‘Two stamens are aborted. 28. Two leaves are reduced to spurs 2 mm. long. 29. All the leaves are aborted. 30. One petal is entirely white, one has a trace of green along its centre distally and the other has a green stripe 3 mm. wide along the centre. VARIATION IN TRILLIUM GRANDIFLORUM. Mag /e 31. All the leaves are reduced to spurs 1 mm. long at the tip of the rootstock. 32. All the leaves are reduced to spurs 3 mm. long and one petal has a white border distally. 360. Two petals are entirely white. 37. One petal is entirely white. 49. One petal has a green centre 22x26 mm. in size. 55. One petal has a green centre 2x16 mm. in size. 65. Four stamens have filaments only 2 mm. long and anthers aborted. 67. Five stamens have filaments only 3 mm. long and anthers aborted. 71. All the leaves are reduced to spurs 4 mm. long. 73. One petal is entirely white, one has a green centre I x 15 mm. in size and the other has a green centre 2 x 30 mm. in size. 74. One petal is entirely white, one has a green centre I x 12 mm. in size and the third has a green centre 2x 14 mm. in size. 92. One leaf is reduced to a spur 1 mm. long. There are only two sepals, which are opposite and two petals, also opposite. One stamen is 11 mm. long and 4 mm. wide and is white edged. 104. Three stamens have filaments only 2 mm. long and anthers aborted. 106. One petal is reduced to a spur 3 mm. long. 108. Four stamens are aborted. 109. ‘Two stamens have filaments 6 mm. long and anthers aborted. The ovary is stalked. 111. Two leaves are reduced to spurs. 120. Five stamens have filaments 10 mm. long and anthers aborted. I2I. One stamen is aborted. 122. One leaf has the petiole 135 mm. long and the blade 40 x 60 mm. in size. ‘The stamens of the outer whorl have fila- ments 14, 28 and 4 mm. long and anthers 6, 8 and o mm. long, while those of the inner whorl have filaments 30, 28 and 24 mm. long and anthers 8, 8 and 7 mm. long. 123. One leaf is reduced to a spur 4 mm. long. 124. The stamens of the outer whorl have filaments 6, 12 and 18 mm. long and anthers 6, 8 and 8 mm. long, while those of the inner whorl have filaments 9, 13 and 21 mm. long and anthers 8, 8 and 10 mm. long. 127. ‘Two leaves entirely aborted. There are only two sepals which are opposite and two petals, also opposite: two stamens aborted. 174 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. 128. The place of the ovary is taken by three leaf-like parts with stems 10 mm. long and blades 5x 14 mm. in size. Within this circle are two pollen bearing stamens with filaments 4 and 7 mm. long and anthers 5 and 10 mm. long. 129. In this plant the sepals are marked with white, one being two-thirds white, one being one-half white and one having a white edge along one side proximally. 130-133. Typical plants in which a single rootstock gives rise to two stems. 134-180. Abnormal plants in which a single rootstock gives rise to two stems. 141 a. One petal has a stem 6 mm. long and a blade 16 x 30 mmni. in size. 143 b. One petal is entirely white. 1446. ‘Two petals are green at their bases and white distally. 146a. All the leaves are reduced to spurs 3 mm. long. b. All parts above the leaves are aborted. 47a. ‘lwo leaves are reduced to spurs. b. One leaf is reduced to a spur and all parts above leaves are aborted. 148 a. One stamen is aborted and two of the others have filaments 13 and 6 mm. long and anthers 8 and 8 mm. long. Pistil aborted. b. One stamen has the filament 12 mm. long and the anther 9g mm. long. Pistil aborted. Leaves in both a and D are reduced to spurs 1 mm. long. 149 a. Al! the leaves are reduced to spurs. b. Only one leaf present, the other two being mere spurs. 151a. ‘This flower has twelve stamens each with a filament 7 mm. long and an anther 8 mm. long. 152a. ‘The sepals are red and green and the place of the petals is taken by three stamens having red filaments 6 mm. long and green anthers 6 mm. long. b. The sepals are red-veined and interpolated between the sepals and petals are six extra stamens, green in color and having filaments 5 mm. long and anthers 8 mm. long. 164a. Five stamens have light green filaments only 2 mm. long and anthers aborted. 165 b. Four stamens aborted. 166a. ‘Two stamens aborted. VARIATION IN TRILLIUM GRANDIFLORUM. 175 175 a. Only two leaves are present, the blades of which are 43 X 52mm. and 35 x 50mm. in size. There are only two sepals which are opposite and two petals, also opposite. 176 b. Three stamens with filaments 6 mm. long and anthers aborted. 177 b. ‘Two leaves reduced to spurs and three stamens with filaments 2 mm. long and anthers aborted. 178 a. Only three stamens, which are green in color and have filaments 29, 20 and 9g mm. long and anthers 10, Io and o mm. long. 181. A typical plant in which the rootstock sends up three stems. 182-185. Abnormal plants in which the rootstock sends up three stems. 184a. Five stamens have filaments 3 mm. long and anthers aborted. b. The third leaf has the petiole 38 mm. long and the blade 34 x 44 mm. in size. c. The place of the third leaf is taken by two leaves hav- ing a common petiole 4 mm. long and separate petioles 50 and 46 mm. long and blades 23 x 38 mm. and 26x 44 mm. in size. 185 a. One petal has a green stripe 5 mm. wide along one margin. b. One petal has four yellowish green veins, one is notched at one side and the notch has a yellow pollen bearing edge backed by a green line, and the third petal is lacking, its space being left open. c. Only two sepals, the space of the third being open. Only two petals which are opposite. One of them is 37x 44 mm. in size and entirely white. The other is 48x 54 mm. in size and has directly over the open senal space a green stripe 26x 54 mm. in size. Within this green stripe is a white stripe 3X54 mm. in size. ‘wo oi the stamens have their filaments fused and their anthers fused for 4 mm., the remaining 10 mm. of the anthers being separate. 1760 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. petal blade. 38 : et Se D GH we Cc S ali om = o¢ | O9 a 8 [os a € = ol ea! | ee cia ei || Se Be a” is & | 76 | 25 Da ze | 2s 2 ze @ 5 oo oo NS oo oS Si oD N 7 | Aaa | 4a ne He | 2a De 42 a) 1 SO |fererelerevetets 8090 18X46 |........ 33X50 2 SI coooone 67595 TBNG8) Ml soon an 2647 3 225)... eeeee 80X95 1854 |.-.. ..- 46<80 4 PAHlos'oc 00s 65x 100 10X38 |.....6.. 2054 5 GiB\acq ooo 95115 DS<48) eres alalers 3458 6 290|.....0 738x115 16X48 |....... 28X72 7 SUI gnondobe 94118 TOT Ee Scere 309<64 8 BPloon > oo0n 85>< 120 IB ><90 WP) Noso5 ac 2560 16 145 6 46X76 1440 |.... .. 19x54 17 295 2 68105 1244 |... .... 17X56 18 130 50 9096 33x70 14; 4860 19 162 2 4256 11X26 |.... ... 2234 20 115 20 5060 2044 12 2 21 115 4 3650 13X34 4 2434 22 65 81 35x54 2040 8 23 175 18 4262 17X40 7 24 BB] aooG000 110 140 29X58 |. 0. . 0s 4665 25 210 22 9098 26 35 90 4660 27 87 12 46X52 28 18 60 3245 29 Nonooddan spurs 30 165 5 74X79 Billleaoosacallaoco o0c spurs 32 60).-....-- spurs 33 230 10 9698 34 195 10 6886 35 235 40 86115 36 250 3 4482 37 190 6 45X86 38 235 5 56X82 39 200 12 56X72 40 155 35 60X84 4) 160 12 56x80 42 120 46 43X58 43 140 38 45X70 44 195 6 4882 45 180 38 76X86 46 180 10 56<90 47 130 40 49X68 48 210 8 70X78 49 255 4 62X74 50 10 70 68X85 51 55 135 52X78 52 210 4 60X58 53 110 56 3460 54 185 12 58X36 55 235 2 62X72 56 FRX lasoccoac 93117 57 WT) oadosccc 87105 { 58 190 4 55X76 1642 4 59 165 6 68X68 24x44 6 60 54 36 36X50 2042 8 61 58 6 33X48 12X28 6 13S 62 80 4 47X58 1534 4 63 30 12 5254 14X37 12 64 16 42 22X30 15X26 8 65 75 34 4250 1834 4 a VARIATION IN TRILLIUM GRANDIFLORUM. 177 eal onl Sal — ONS 8 iS) ic) S Color of petal. Suse | ole Wisi] seh [ste ol io as ) me] be | BS] we | we] Ee | ms] Hs S2| 8 |Sa|-ca |S] of | Sb| sb 48} Om |}4a] 08 |A0] OO |4u] On 8) white 12} white 8| white 10) white |note. 6) white 10} white 5| white 5| white 10| white 12) white 10| white 10| white &| white 7| white 5| white 5| white 8) white 10| white 8} white 8} white 9| white 9} white 8| white 10} white 8| white 10| white 8} white 8| white 9| white 10} white 6] white 6| white 10) white 10| white 9| white 6| white 6| lt. gr. 12) white 8| white 8} white §| lt. gr. 14| white 10| white 10) white 7| lt. gr. 8| lt. gr. 7| white 4| white 7| lt. gr. §| lt. gr. 4| white 6| white 8| lt. gr. 14| It. gr. 10) white 10} white 8} lt. gr. 12) lt. gr. 6] lt. gr. 9) lt. gr. |note. 8} white | white 5| white 5| white |note. 8| white 8} lt. gr. 6| white 6| white |note. 14| It. gr. 14| It. gr. 18) green 22| green 5| lt. gr. 8| lt. gr. 4| green 5| green 9| lt. gr. 10} 1t. gr. 8| green 10/ green sees 7| lt. gr. 10) green 12| green 12) green gr., mM. wh. dis.......... 10} 1t. gr. 12) It. gr. 7| lt. gr. 10} It. gr. |jnote. gr. pr., wh. dis. ao 11} It. gr. 9) lt. gr. 8) green 8) It. gr gr. c. 10, 14, 18 wide sieievs 10) 1t. gr.- 15| It. gr. 10} It. gr. 20| white er. c. 12, 14, 22 ra lt. gr. 7| lt. gr. 14] white |note. NOLE..... 2-0-0 ul green |. ... |........ so000s||noo0000 note. gr., ed. wh. dis. lt. gr. 6; green 9; green jnote. gr.,m. wh. dis lt. gr. 5] green 7| green |note. gr., m. wh. dis lt. gr. 5] green 20) green |note. BY. C. 5X36... eee eee . white 5| white §| white |note. S75 WW Mil booqoo odgUDoO lt. gr. 12) green 24) green |note. gr., mM. wh. dis lt. gr. 10) green 12| green |note. FE, On OLD coagceaae oon lt. gr. 9, It. gr 1§| lt. gr gr. c. 16x54... white §} It. gr 14) It. 21 gr. c. 2X18 dis lt. gr. 6} lt. gr 14| white Pit Gs WSs 6500000 lt. gr. 4) white 6; white |note. FEIT, (Op PSAID aoobocgadaoe It. gr. 4) lt. gr. 5| white |note. FeNEy Oy WOXEY) Gosoaaa ooo0d It. gr 6| green 14| lt. gr B50 Go CDXBY) on gusn0nane OO lt. gr 5} It. gr 13| white gr., b. wh. dis lt. gr 10) green 12} It. gr 2. C.12X85.. we ceccccvees lt. gr &| It. gr 12) white f=3bs (On B)<3P46 cagadoda, G00 green 5] lt. g1 10) It. gr 2T. C.5X32....- 00-0 lt. gr. 4/ lt. gy 10} white fits Got)><67 48 4 2242 16 4 le«40 14 23 3055 45 2 1232 10 coo000000 26X46 3 21 27x50 35 10 2652 34 8 35x64 35 6 25x44 14 8 25X56 26 14 2864 37 4 275252 12 6 26X50 26 5 2655 24 4 19x40 20 Rae.” 2548 12 10 27x50 28 44 33X59 64 36 27 «52 46 2 185240 8 18 2055 42 3 2636 25 2 18840 8 need CHCA) lao eaane petal blade. 44><50 32542 2938 34544 32538 325K46 22540 2660 28550 456 45<60 4455 5052 2950 225<40 40944 2530 46X80 25X25 2849 26546 1839 15<36 29533 2042 4270 2036 31X40 31X50 2135 3250 2842 2237 3145 2740 31X41 3450 40X56 25X37 30X30 26X44 16X28 36X46 23X40 33X60 41 <4 2040 22546 40X52 36X52 36<46 3u<55 285<40 3445 2244 36<52 28X45 1232 335<50 2340 1430. 45X68 VARIATION IN TRILLIUM GRANDIFLORUM. 179 Sol “ Sol “ oS on © oe 2 on o ow Color of petal. 23 g @ a = ¢ eat NN ees S ee iio: c t ea | 92 |25| es |ea| 86 |ae| Se os As Ve Os on cr He | ce jae ltoe |a6) Se as | os @r., I. Wh. ..eeee- ceeee 12| It. gr. 12) green 8} It. gr 16) green gr., ed. wh .... «00. «: 8) lt. gr. 10) green 7| lt. gr. 17| green |note. gr., ed. wh..... d. Oooccds 7\ green 9) green 9| green ]2| green £Y., D- Wh...--.- oee-oe- 14) green 10| green 7| green 15| green gr. c. pr. 26X28. ....... 4| green 6) green 7| green 6| lt. g1 gr. c.2040...... 10} 1t. gr. 8| lt. gr §| green 14| green |note. gr., ed. Wh:....+- 8| green 11| green 7\ green 12) green MOM Oo SoooscdodocodouS 12| white 9) It. gr. 6| green 12| white |note. WMiMscoogagc0ocdedeo Hades 9| white 8} lt. gr. 4| white 6| white |note- Zr. C. 30X40 2.00 were eee 10! white 12| lt. gr. 6| It. gr 16| white Vs CrdOO2- ceive eics selves 12) lt. gr. 14| lt. gr. 12| lt. gr 18] It. gr gr.,ed. wh..... . gadcoce 8) lt. gr 12| green 6| lt. gr 16) gieen er. C3050 «2... ee 10} lt. gr. 14| It. g1 10| green 20) green SY. CHAO ecco eee cevese 10) white 10] lt. gr 6) It. gr 10| white gr., ed. wh. dis......-.. 8) lt. gr 10) green 6) green 14| green gr. c. pr. 30X28.:.... .. fy) Mes F3it5 logdas || goc o00 6) lt. gr 10| green gr., ed. wh. diS......... 1| lt. gr. > lls 4| lt. gr 4) lt. gr gr. c. pr. 2245... 14| It. gr. 16} It. g1 14) green 20) green gr., ed. wh. dis......... Bll iis XPS |locosce}lsoocc0an 3) lt. gr. 5} 1t. gu gr., EA. Wh..-:.......0-. 8) lt. gr 11) green 5| lt. gr. 16) green gr., ed. wh....-.......-- 10) It. gr 10) green §| lt. gr. 14| green gr.,ed. wh. dis.... .... I! Vite Bis |looodssl|sccgocoe 10) It. gr. 8) green BV., CA. Ws. seen wee .ee ° 11| green 8| green 8} green 8) green Er., CE. WH.oe ss weweenee 7| green 15) green 6) It. gr. 12] green gr. c.2X10...... ooo20 305 7| white 7| lt. gr 4| green 5| lt. gr. er.,mM.wh..... ....-: 10| white 10} 1t. gr 12) lt. gr. 18) It. gr. QUI CHOGLe ele elclelsiele eleisieis 8| white 7| lt. gy 3) lt. gr. 3| 1t. gr. |note- gr. b. wh. dis.......-... 1] green | ...-.|..-..--- 7| green 15| green F250 U3) Se BOOOOAEOOGG 10} It. gr $| green 10| green 12} It. gr. gr., b. wh. dis 6) green |.....-| ....0-. 5| wreen 5| green gr., ed. wh ..-.. c 12) lt. gr 10) green 9| green 7| green gr., b. wh. dis........-. 10| green | 10| green Si green 12) green | gr., b. wh. dis.......... 14| It. gr. 8| green 12) green 10| green Faiten Do Wil Mocogooosdonace 18} lt. gr. 10| green 14| green 14) green gr., ed. wh. dis......... 10 lt. gr. 11} green 12| green 12) green BYECN . .-- cseece ceoes 4) green |.-.---|0.6. oa» 5| green 10) green green....... ...-. 5 o000 14| green 10) green 9| green 13! green gr.,ed. wh. dis........ 16| lt. gr 12| green 30) green | 16} green | BYEEN «0... esse ce. ween 9) green 7| green 8| green &8| green |note. STEOM 2.2. s cc sec ccecpece 73) FSI |lsGoaccl|so0 sa00 8| green 14| green FSW 1S Sooopepodod G0odd||\5a0 509)|/peeuddaolle0o00q|lou0 qo00|)) doce) Soo) cool) Coucol|pseceooo note. gr., b. wh. dis..... ... 2) green |.....+| 0+ we 3) green 6| green Fair los W“lloan oa Gooeddso 8} green 10| green 8) green | 14| green |note. QTEEM . .----.seeeee eoce 12| It. gr. | 8| green | 15-5 | green | 18| green |note er, mM. wh. Gis .... .2.. 18) lt. gr 8] lt. gr. | 12-6 | green | 16| green gr., b. wh. dis ......... 18| green 14| green | 14-6 | green 24) green /note.- gr., b. wh. dis .......... 10| It. gr. 8| green | 5-6 | lt. gr. 12| green | gr., ed. wh. dis......... 14| green 10} green | 14-6 | green 22| green gr., ed. wh. dis... ... 14| lt. gr. 13) green | 16-10) green 22| green , gr., b. wh. dis.... ... 12) lt. gr. 14| green | 7-15) green 13] It. gr gy., b. Wh. dis ........-- l¢| green 1l| green | 10-3 | green 22) green | gr., b. wh. dis.......... 15) It. gr. 12| green | 7-6 | green 16| It. gr. gr., mM. wh. dis........ 16} green 8) green 9-5 | green 12) green gr., Db: wh. dis -......... 1]/ lt. gr. 9) green | 10-5 | green 15, green | PEGI oooooseocos onowac 14) It. gr 8} lt. gr. | 10-6 | green i6| green note. gr., b. wh. @isi<.... 2... 34| green 10) green | 23-10) green 27| green |note. Or. Pl, Wi. GIS. .... 2. eee KET) I couculloooddoc 15-5 | green 13) green |note. gr., ed. wh. dis..... ... 10) green 6| green | 4-4 | green 7| green |jnote. gr:, ed. wh. @is.........|..... PMG |] Gone lloooodane 16-8 | green 20; green |/note. PLECM © 6) <1) ecvieecisivicce SH FAW | Gano. llosoasese | 8-8 | green 16) green | SGN 6 sasccuoaodor | 3) green 5| It. gr.| 5-5 | green 6) green faith © Ssc50 dcogue G06 6) lt. gr 10) lt. gr 10! white 8} white ote | | 180 Number. MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. 2 é 5 : 5 c g = S 6 S os | Oo cE is z = oa a -9 c fa) ae = = =0 a = =n I =n 2 toe i) o2 me tos on tes o- =e a5 On “Bm |- SA os ES = og oD Se oo Lo NG v9 2 4a AA ne Ha | Ae Dn AS 2 181 VARIATION IN TRILLIUM GRANDIFLORUM. al ~~ “ al On} ,s |S S ° ee 4 Color of petal. IDs oO eel ae CpG 4 opeall sOR aimed) OO Me | 68 se | be | Be) oe Me] ce SE Ce) Wor ei || & iC) oF | SF Sal oe Wels Naloilos naa los fatton 1s Waele @bicis ooodono00 12) lt. gr. Bl Wins locos note lisbee note. White. ... ..-eeeeeeeee 6) lt. gr. 9} white 5| white 7| white |note. 9| white 12| white 12| white 12| white |note. 8) white 12} white 10) white 10) white 9| white 12} white 8| white 10} white 8! white 12| white 8| white 8] white 8) white 12) white 8} white 10| white 8| white 10} white 7| white 9; white 8) white 10| 1t. gr 6| white 10| white 8} white 10} 1t. gr. 6| white 10) white gr., ed. wh..... Aged Bode 10} white 8} lt. gr. 6| lt. gr. 6) lt. gr. gr., ed. wh. dis........ 20| It. gr. 12] lt. gr. 20] It. gr. 14| It. gr. green ...... Gg isndago 2) green @ cillcweccens 8| green 14| green AREGI progodnggoneoncodDD 2] SYEEN |eesceslocsccsee $| green 12} green gr., ed. wh. dis......... 2) ie, GAPS ooaes floonssons suG0n\loueono” a|ibOODodcooodaoc gr., ed. wh. dis . PA) Mts F665 |lo6 Geollsoccsdon 10) green 14| green gr., b. wh. dis ......... Yl lttn fF losods llosacseac 2) lt. gr. 8} lt. gr Sitoy WH Wit CtiSicocoso osde]) edocslloac. coool soocc|looode 6 4| lt. gr, 6) lt. gr. gr. e. 12<32 soscdooon dopo 8) white 7| lt. gr. 5| lt. gr. 9} 1t. gr. gr., b. wh. dis .......... 8) white 6| lt. gr. 5| It. gr. 10| 1t. gr. its G8 p IDeER OM oc GoogeoGe 6 eon00n daoda 06 dacso0 125) 290 34 35 359 22.06 6|)Arsenate of lead ......... bonds mievelereieleratere 24; 295 | 29 80t | 404 18 84 7)Paris green........ GODg0OsCO DO00F000 dan a0 4; 285 | 25 58t | 368 19 50 8|Bug Death....... -. ......00. . 75| 320 23 5dt 398 18.46 9) Arsenate of lead... ......-. ote 8) 320] 27 5Of | 397 19.19 ION REE IS ARG) slo ondoncobonoo sedudeooeDad Soenods 8} 370} 34 28 432 19.46 J1}Bug Death. .... ob co0d00no 9 GNOgGDOD 100} 350 25 35 410 18.25 12|Arsenate of lead...... .... O40 16] 365 | 26 4] 432 18 87 Average Paris green...... .. 314 | 31 42 384 20.41 Average Bug Death......... . 319 | 29 37 385 20.01 Average Arsenate of lead. ...- ......202 + seeees ules L coin | eel 49 393 19.58 *There was no soft rot. This includes all discolored potatoes. { Depression on part of the field with more rot where the soil was wetter. SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF TIIIS EXPERIMENT. At no time during growth were there perceptible difference in color, size or vigor of the vines treated with different insecticides. All these insecticides kept their respective plots sufficiently free from insects to prevent damage; the smaller amounts of the insecticides were nearly as effective as the larger. ‘The poisons were applied early so that the vines were protected before the bugs appeared. Paris green kept the vines a little freer than Bug Death, and Bug Death acted quicker than arsenate of lead, but all three were effective from the practical standpoint. The yield was smaller on the northern side and increased gradually towards the southern side. The yields were fairly uniform on adjoining plots and the average of the results showed practically no differences in the yield from the plots treated with different insecticides. The loss due to rot was 208 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. something less than Io per cent of the total yield on most plots. Because oi depressions on plots 6-9, the soil was not as well drained and the rot was increased to about 15 per cent. The potatoes all had a high starch content, with but little dif- ferences. There was no apparent relation between the starch content and the kind of insecticide used.. In general the plots having the largest yieid had the largest potatoes and the lowest starch content. The potatoes from plots which were treated with Paris green at the rate of 8 and 12 pounds per acre and arsenate of lead at the rate of 16 and 24 pounds were tested for arsenic and were found to be entirely free. EXPERIMENTS BY MR. ROGERS OF BRUNSWICK. Two experiments comparing Paris green, Bug Death and arsenate of lead were made in 1g02 by Mr. E. A. Rogers of Brunswick. One of these experiments was conducted at Bruns- wick and the other was made for the Danforth Chemical Com- pany in Caribou. _ Mr. Rogers furnished the Station the full report of these experiments, but as they have been printed in detail in the Maine Farmer only a summary is here given of the experiments and Mr. Rogers’ conclusions. TABLE SHOWING PLAN AND YIELD PER ACRE IN EXPERIMENT AT BRUNSWICK. | YIELD PER ACRE IN | | BUSHELS. i} g j 7 Ss) > = 2 INSECTICIDES USED, KIND. = = 2 - = ue o = = S s | =e | # 2 Ng leat = 2 ee ° =| S oF = z= = oa) = | 21 Bue Death -: -secsen82 Hone eee oe peers | 1% | 415 cB 16 49 3) Arsenate of lead. ... 222-22. sssccecccees -==-- | 15 | 3582 2 18s 381 A) PAVIS/S TCCH on assnetee eee orem an seen “mane 7% | «354 8 222 3842 Ss) iL T aL Dre ieee Se ee ee ) 125 | 369 5 153 359s 6) Arsenate of lead ..-.....2.----.-22200 ee | 35> | 328 vi 202 3005 7|Paris green.-..--......- 25 eee 7% | 3304 Z 183 3492 8| Bug Death..........- .| 1% | 3@ z 202 3BS25 9 Arsenate of lead. .. -| 1 | 320 12 23s = 10 Paris green. ..............- aps! eee eee | | a7 12 east 299 | Average marketable. | Bush. | Suge Death <2.) 0 feos eee a | 3a2 | | Arsenate of lead. . -| 3352 | Paris Sreen--------- | 3213 EXPERIMENTS WITH INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES. 209 TABLE SHOWING PLAN AND YIELD PER ACRE IN EXPERIMENT AT CARIBOU. Yield peracre in bushels. ra H 5 o Oo = a | 2 5 INSECTICIDES USED, KIND. - 3 q s a n - eS . = Sra, PP eee |e a 6 A a | g3 & = ° a ey =| ne & LL |)isb¥ee IDEN Sononoce acecooe GLCaOOWOORY cocoudH cnoognd 100 279 66 345 2) JEN BIE AG NAG) saGogm Mosnns0) Sodebbe) codosoD cpodose 4 247 7 321 8} |LSAn Fe IDEM oGou cis onoad senDacoapengEdo xe JadnoDo Tanesoe 100 © 282 77 359 4 |Arsenate of lead........ songdede H960DU00C onboocanbucn 3 245 78 323 5 |Bug death......... .. 966de0 Oda OODOD sBosossesdoode 100 303 53 356 Bush Total average yield per acre for Bug Death ..... 353% Total av. (Plot 2) yield per acre for Paris green.. 321 Total ay.(Plot 4)yield per acre for arsenate oflead| 323 In both of the experiments conducted by Mr. Rogers the yields were considerably larger on the Bug Death plots than on the Paris green or arsenate of lead plots. From the experiments at Brunswick and Caribou Mr. Rogers draws the conclusion that Bug Death was much the best insecticide used; that it did its work much better and cleaner than either Paris green or arsenate of lead; that Bug Death preserves the life of the vines and that the increased yield from the use of Bug Death would more than pay its cost. In the Station experiments at Houlton, Paris green was the most efficacious of the three insecticides used, although Bug - Death at the rate of 15 pounds and arsenate of lead at the rate of 2 pounds to the acre in each application were efficacious for all practical purposes. There was no difference in the appear- ance of the vines due to the different insecticides during the growth, nor in the yield of potatoes. One desiring to use an insecticide for plants free from arsenic will, according to our experience, find Bug Death satisfactory when applied in sufh- cient quantities. Bug Death can be readily applied with Bor- deaux mixture up to 40 pounds to the barrel. According to our experience, 15 pounds per acre at each application is nearly as effective as a larger amount. OAT SMUT AND ITS PREVENTION. Cuas. D. Woops. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 75 of the U. S. Department of Agricul- ture describes the grain smuts and explains how they may be pre- vented. This bulletin may be obtained by addressing the Secre- tary of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., from your Congressman or from the Maine Experiment Station. ~ The following, selected from the “summary” of bulletin 75, outlines the disease, its cause and its prevention: Smuts of cereals are caused by minute parasitic fungi, the spores or seed-like bodies of which form the black, dusty mass which takes the place of the kernels or the entire head. The spores are very minute and are easily blown about, often adhering to the kernel before it is planted. When such kernels sprout, the spores also germinate and send delicate threads into the young seedlings. These threads follow the growth of the plant, fill the head as soon as formed, and there develop a mass of spores instead of kernels. Loose smut of wheat attacks the whole head and converts it into a mass of loose, dusty spores. It causes considerable dam- age in some localities and is more difficult to prevent than other _ smuts. Loose smut of oats is very similar to loose smut of wheat and probably causes an annual loss in the United States of more than $18,000,000. Barley is attacked by two smuts and rye by one.- Corn smut is widespread, but fortunately it usually causes only very slight loss. As yet no effective remedy is known for corn smut. The formalin treatment has beer. found very effective in pre- venting stinking smuts of wheat and oat smut. It consists in soaking the seed for two hours in a solution of 1 pound of forma- lin to 50 to 60 gallons of water. The strong formalin is pois- onous, and great care should be exercised in its use. [For a full description ot how to use the iormalin see page 211. ] OAT SMUT AND ITS PREVENTION. 211 The stinking smuts of wheat and oat smut can also be pre- vented by treating the seed with hot water at 132° for ten minutes. Loose smut of wheat and barley smuts can be prevented by soaking the seed in cold water for four hours, allowing it to stand four hours more in wet sacks, and then treating for five minutes in water at 132°. The potassium-sulphide treatment is thoroughly effective for loose smut of oats. It consists in soaking, say, 3 bushels of seed for twenty-four hours in a solution of 114 pounds of potassium sulphide to 25 galions of water. Liver of sulphur should be used and the solution should be kept in a tightly closed vessel to protect it from the air. To dry the grain after any of the treatments described, spread it on a clean floor, or on canvas sheets spread in the sun, prefer- abiy on a raised lattice work, say, 2 or 2 inches deep, and turn it over at least twice a day. In treating oats for smut by either potassium sulphide or hot water an increase in yield is obtained heyond and above the amount that would result from replacing the smutted heads with sound ones. The increase in yield from seed treatment is usually two or three times as much as the apparent loss from smut in untreated fields. The Wisconsin Experiment Station* found oats smut very prevalent in that state and estimated the loss from this disease in 1901 to have exceeded six million dollars. They have success- fully experimented with formaldehyde with the following results. SUMMARY OF EXPERIMENTS AT WISCONSIN STATION. Seed oats submerged for | In a solution Smut found. Twenty minutes........-.. .....- |! lb. formaldehyde to 50 gal.water 0.0 per ct. SEX iy MALS re caiatn cane evielsle ofall) == |l lb. formaldehyde to 200 gal. water 20.0 per et. Ten minutes........ Oe sehdtocdomecoc 1lb. formaldehydeto 50gal.water 1.0 per ct. Forty Minutes......cs-ececcecccoses 11b. formaldehyde to 100 gal.water 4.3 per ct. Twenty minutes.... ... rata rsisisiaie 1 1b. formaldehyde to100gai.water 5.0 per ct. INO fi ERG MEE rawiatcielaere Peele lstateler Nate wie scoretn| Miela(c mica viotelarsialeisiatolw< cislvikis(dicia he's es wirarsiaie’ vel taente =imetbieince’ * Bulletin 91-Wisconsin Experiment Station. 212 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. HOW. TO TREAT SEED OATS TO PREVENT SMUT. As the result of field experiments the Wisconsin Station recom- mends the following “Tf 50 bushels of seed oats are to be treated, secure from a drug store one pound or a pint of formaldehyde (sometimes called formalin.) Speak to your druggist in advance so that he may secure the formaldehyde in time, if he does not have it on hand. Put into a barrel or cask 50 gallons of water and pour in the one pound of formaldehyde liquid to make the proper solution. Dip out about one-half of the solution into another cask in order to treat two sacks.of oats at the same time, thus facilitating the work. Place about two bushels of oats in each of two gunny sacks or large hags and submerge the oats in the solution for twenty minutes; then lift the sacks from the casks and let drain for a minute or two so as to save the solution. Empty the oats on a threshing floor or on a canvas to dry and preeeet as before, using the same sacks for the remainder of the oats.’ “The solution as used is not poisonous and will not injure ae sacks or clothing coming in contact with it. Formaldehyde is a gas generated by burning wood alcohol. It is readily soluble in water, which will hold 40 per cent of it in solution. This solution is sold by most drug stores under the name of formalde- hyde or formalin at about 50 cents per pound.” “Tt is well to treat the seed oats two or three days before sow- ing to give ample time to dry. If the oats are shoveled over a few times it will facilitate the drying very much and no difficulty will be experienced sowing with seeder or drill. The treated oats can be sown with a force-feed drill or seeder when quite damp, but the machine should be set so that it will indicate sow- ing about a peck more than the quantity desired per acre, as the oats are swollen and will not run quite as freely as dry oats.” “The treatment of seed oats seems to facilitate the sprouting ; a difference of from two to four days in favor of the oats treated will be noticeable.” NEWSPAPER BULLETINS PUBLISHED IN 1902. Cuas. D. Woobs. Whenever there is matter of importance which we wish to bring promptly to the attention of the people of the State, we make as clear and concise a statement as possible in the style and type of a newspaper column and mail it as a “Special Newspaper Bulletin” to all the press of the Station exchange mailing list. These newspaper bulletins are quite generally printed by the papers and the Station is under obligations to the press for this opportunity of specially and promptly being put in touch with the people. During the year the Station has issued several special news- paper bulletins on miscellaneous subjects and 12 monthly mete- orological bulletins. The results of the meteorological observa- tions thus reported are summarized beyond. The matter of 6 of the newspaper bulletins has not appeared in any of the regu- lar bulletins of the Station and is therefore here reprinted as a matter of permanent record. FRESH FISH AS MANURE. A correspondent at Livermore Centre wrote the Maine Experi- ment Station asking for information as to the value of fresh fish as a fertilizer. The following reply was sent: “Fresh fish and fish waste have been used for manure by farmers living along the coast for generations and there is no question as to their fertilizing value for all farm crops. Fish is not, however, a compiete fertilizer and its chief value is due to the nitrogen it contains. In the fresh unground fish the phos- phoric acid of the bones is not immediately available to plants but becomes so in time when mixed with the soil. Fish contains practically no potash and unless this ingredient is supplied either in the form of potash salts or wood ashes the land soon becomes exhausted of its available supply. “Dried fish has an average composition of water 12 per cent, nitrogent 7.25 per cent and phosphoric acid 8.25 per cent. The 17 214 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. I902. fresh fish would probably contain 50 to 60 per cent of water and proportionately less nitrogen and phosphoric acid. Unless it could be bought very cheaply it would not be an economical fer- tilizer in your locality,as you would have to pay freight on a large amount of water having no manurial value. “Tankage can be obtained from the Portland Rendering Com- pany, Portland, Me., guaranteed to carry 6 per cent nitrogen and 14 per cent phosphoric acid, for about $20 per ton. This mixed with muriate of potash, about 200 ths. muriate to 1,800 tbs. tankage, and about 1,000 tbs. of the mixture applied to the acre would be good and economical manuring for grass or orchard land. The muriate can be obtained of Kendall & Whitney, Port- land, or the Sagadahoc Fertilizer Co., Bowdoinham, Me. Ashes could be used with the tankage instead of the muriate, applying about 800 ibs. tankage and 1,500 ths. ashes to the acre. The ashes should not be mixed with the tankage until time to apply to the land and should be worked into the soil for best results.” THE ANGORA GOAT. Experience of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station. The first problem we met was suitable fencing. We soon found that while they do not jump they are good climbers, and that they will go over any fence the top of which they can reach. with the fore feet. The horns on some of the ewes point back- ward in a V shape. In the case of a woven wire fence with square openings, even with 4 inch mesh, they will push their heads through the openings and get hung by their horns. With this kind of a fence it was necessary to visit them two or three times a day to release the prisoners. ‘The Ellwood poultry fence (not poultry netting) of the American Fence Company, with small diamond shaped openings. has proven perfectly satisfactory. It costs about a third more than the ordinary woven wire fence of equal height. In 1901 we gave them too extensive a range and they did but little clearing up. In May, 1g02, six ewes, one buck and five kids were put in an acre of young woodland of a mixed growth, most of the trees three to six inches in diameter. ‘There was quite a thick growth of underbrush. The small underbrush of birch, maple, hazel bush, etc., have been cleaned up so that where there a THE MANAGEMENT OF RASPBERRIES AND BLACKBERRIES. 215 are no alders or evergreens the ground under the trees is as clean as though it had been burned over. Sweet fern they do not like very well but they have cleaned all of the hardhack out of this piece. Ferns and brakes have been eaten to some extent. They have eaten the leaves and young sprigs of bushes in preference to grass. Birches two inches or more in diameter they have not injured but they have stripped the bark from every maple. Even maple trees six inches in diameter have been thus killed. We have found them to be fond of the bark of apple trees, even eat- ing the bark from old trees. To clean up birch or evergreen wood land they have proven very effective. There has been practically no cost for the sum- mer’s keeping. The twelve goats have been kept without other food on one acre of young wood land. ‘They have required no care other than an occasional visit to see that they are all right and that they have water. Salt was given occasionally. THE MANAGEMENT OF RASPBERRIES AND BLACKBERRIES. A correspondent asks the Maine E-xperiment Station for infor- mation as to the time for pruning and transplanting raspberries and blackberries. In reply the following suggestions were made. “The ideal treatment for raspberries and blackberries is to pinch them back at intervals during the summer and thus secure strong, sturdy bushes 3% to 4 feet high, with laterals 1 to 1%4 feet long, rather than to practice severe heading back after the plants have become long and ‘leggy.’ If, however, as is fre- quently the case even in the best managed gardens, the plants are at this season making vigcrous growth which may not mature, they should at once be cut back to the desired height and the canes will harden before cold weather. Many prefer to cut back the bushes in the spring, after the extent of winter-killing is determined. Thinning the canes, which should always be prac- ticed, may be done at any time during the season. In general one-half, or more, of the young canes which appear should be cut out. “Blackberry and raspberry bushes may he transplanted this fall if the work is done immediately, but better results are usually obtained from spring planting. Currants, on the other hand, have given rather better results from fall setting.” 216 MAINF AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. APPLES AND PLUMS FOR CENTRAL MAINE. A correspondent at Sandy Point, asked the Maine Experiment Station for information as to varieties of apples and plums to plant for market. The following reply was sent: “The question of varieties is largely an individual matter, and depends upon soil, location, markets and personal preferences. For home use and certain local markets, as the summer resorts, it is well to have a succession of varieties lasting through the sea- son, and the lis: should include the choicest dessert varieties. For the ordinary village markets and for distant shipment, how- ever, plant a few standard varieties which have a recognized market value. Such varieties are usually highly colored, good keepers and of good quality. “In general, for the section of the State in which you are located—Waldo and adjoining counties—the following apples would be suitable for the first purpose mentioned: Oldenburg, Williams’ Favorite, Alexander, Munson Sweet, Garden Royal, Starkey (not Stark), Gravenstein, Fameuse, Northern Spy, Tall- man, Baldwin. “For shipment Gravenstein, Baldwin, and Tallman make a good trio. Ben Davis is a handsome apple and a good shipper, but the quality is poor. “Oi plums, Reine Ciaude (Bavay’s Green Gage) stands easily at the head for market purposes and it is of excellent quality. Burbank and Arctic (Mooers’ Arctic) are remarkably vigorous and productive, but of second quality. McLaughlin is one of the choicest for home use.” EXPERIMENTS WITH CLOVER. In co-operation with the United States department of agri- culture the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station has during the past season conducted a comparative study of red clover obtained from different parts of the world. The object of this study is to determine, if possible, the best source from which to obtain seed for general farm purposes. ‘To this end the questions considered were: rate and per cent of germination; date of blooming and consequent earliness of crop; date of cutting; yield per acre; general condition of the stand. LOW GRADE COTTONSEED MEAL. 217 Some striking differences were noted, but of course no general conclusions can be drawn from one season’s work. Seed was sown May 19 on 58 plots of two square rods each. The first bloom was noted August 2, on plots with the seed from England, Russia, Nebraska, Tennessee. Iowa, and Missouri. The first plots ready for harvest (cut just in bloom) were those from Indiana and one lot from Bohemia. The largest yields were obtained, in the order given, from plots with seed from Bohemia, Indiana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Brittany, Ohio. Plants from American seed were invariably very hairy while those from European seed were almost as invariably smooth. The experiment will be continued through another growing season and the results will be given in detail in a station bulletin. LOW GRADE COTTONSEED MEAL, Within the past three weeks (December, 1902) several samples of low grade cottonseed meal have been sent to the Maine Agri- cultural Experiment Station for analysis. These came from widely separated parts of the State, but were all from the jobbing house of Oscar Holway and Company of Auburn. These goods were differently branded and two lots carried no guaranteed analysis. ‘The retailers were notified of the quality of the goods and their sale stopped. This meal carried from 24 to 34 per cent protein and is the first low grade goods that has come to my attention for nearly two years. As directed by law I have reported the violations to the Commissioner of Agriculture who is following the matter up. Dealers or consumers who have dark colored cottonseed meal or meal containing black specks should, for their protection, send a sample to the Station for analysis. The sample is best sent by mail in a tin box—an old spice box answers nicely. A descrip- tion of the goods including a copy of the guaranteed analysis should be sent with the sample. The analysis will be promptly made and reported free of charge. Residents of the State are again reminded that the Station is always ready to make free analyses of samples of all kinds of concentrated feeding stuifs sent by them. By availing themselves of this, which has been a standing offer for six years, users and handlers of feeding stuffs will have a protection from low grade goods such as can be obtained in no other way. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. Lat. 44° 54’ 2” N. Lon. 68° 40’ 11” W. Elevation 150 feet. The instruments used at this Station are the same as those used in preceding years, and include: Wet and dry bulb ther- mometers; maximum and minimum thermometers; thermo- graph ; rain-gauge; self-recording anemometer, vane, and barom- eter. The observations at Orono now form an almost unbroken record of thirty-four years. In this section of the State the winter of Ig01-2 was more than two degrees warmer than the average, while the snowfall was only about three-fourths of the usual amount. March was remarkably warm, with almost no snow after the middle of the month. This soon disappeared and the indications pointed towards an early spring. Mav, however, proved cool with much cloudiness. June, also, was cloudy and the rainfall was nearly double the normal. Frequent showers, much cloudiness, and a low temperature characterized the growing season throughout the greater portion of the State. Much of the sweet corn raised for canning purposes failed to mature and in many sections grain lodged badly. From an agricultural stand-point, the season as a whole was unfavorable. 219 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 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MAINE AGRICULTURAL 220 “BAIN TITIVIA\ “§ “NM 94] Jo surjoT[nq A[TTJUOUW 9} WiOAT Po[TAULOd ST OTB] DAOGB 9} ‘UOTIBIS ONOIO 94} WO] SSULpBoT JO UOTIde0xX9 99 WITM ee tee ee wee bee e eee cee: steer eee eee OLOGQ90UBA GUONO SUoBOOHS CAP FIBHO GOR OOS aOOOROOHaNS) TFeNtTLaT WGN 6 sss" S[[Baq DIOJUINY teeseeeses DUBIWOg “ U9qqVvd G9G0- GOHOACOOG9 | GaASHHGO92.GO7 0509000099 0 GHC) eee ee ee: pete eee ene srreseeeeses TOUS PIG ULION Deeds tet eeeene seeeece eee ees cereereeees UOI MOH Seer deter reese ed sae e rer es ee seeeeeeseses TQUTDABE eet ee tee www were eres reeseeerecrsess NTOTATBA UR COR: § seer e eee seecreeeseecs eoveveesce *UOJSULULIBY : so DTOALB AT “* 10d seq *** [StuI0g PEDOGOGH SOHCOSOOD LONHHSHHOO0D SagH9aAN0o9. 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LPT &hG &6°E 1G°G G8"§ 91°% IL°6 91°S§9 OLT 89°9 96°8 GOs 9¢°9 OL's OG" EP c0°G 90°% 80°§ LG'G IGs 16°01 aces z9°2 | ibe apts eh 91 6F 06°F TET PS‘ 69°F 00° OL eT eigen ne et C6°9¢ CLL 61° 0S°% Fas 10°€ LEVI 7 a ty a 3 S } S 2 5 S = © | 5 Q < Ss S ir) 5 5 S e is} © @ oa () s = & ¢ © = E B @ 5 a : : ® | : a = & o : a mI R a g *cOOL IVIA IY} JOF (UTeI Sv) WOT}EYIdP.Ig [enuUuy puYe AT Y}UOR REPORT OF THE TREASURER. Maine. Agricultural Experiment Station in account with the United States appropriation, 1901-1902. Dr. To receipts from the Treasurer of the United States as per appropriation for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1902, as per ACHOMCONnSKESslappLOViedVianchia elIGG7aaeree cence Cr. By salaries: (a) Director and administration officers........ $2,418 12 (Diet Scientific ctatis.: sw. es, cennine or aoeuea pee 3,507 66 Kc) Assistantsutonscientine: Staten. .steeese 1,893 43 (d) Special and temporary services............ 63 31 TN SEAN acs he tay Poe ght so Eee rola at ar sate rc rage deat Pen eee a Labor: (a) Monthivcemployees cts. ce. eee mice facie ae $450 00 (D)eeDatlycemployees ous ie sick cota iron ek 1,331 20 Kc) Eounhyseniployees; cy siuetcieinine ier ceer asinine as 6 95 fl Do' oi Neesarne, Cue era peg Mic rey en een NOS ce tare OC aE ublicationst jni-+ eialeelacteicrss Det Mopetareratcn ales st her saree clave ote eile toler Postage and stationery........... BR RACE ania Si atieh «anit a Bccightsandnexpresshec ee see ie eons coe semen ates ae ne Hea valiohtanid, watet.sc tc cuca secisa sic o800 after monet on eae ees Chemical supplies: (a) te @henaicalsh iy stas cccelc cote auce cakes Seen e $279 68 (bD) ee Othertsupplieses ss lt ceed sc cosemecaces: 50 52 CR talliteeae ee tect pier aia ove oe Acta ot a ae, was Sale maces Seeds, plants and sundry supplies: Cali Noticulitrabe igs 12.1 ratstetoe welseiareerseetee $70 60 Ch) be Morticulturaliese 5s x.2 sc, cversa trea verre ee lace 213 76 Cee Miscellarteatsnuy...'. vr.5. sce sete eee 125 13 Potalet er caer os tame see eae cn a eee a ale wee va anlnas $15,000 00 7,882 52 1,788 15 245 00 243 65 229 75 953 09 330 20 409 49 222 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902.’ IVER tINIZETS UE Pe at chet rortae ose eke ee eine Some ane vere ree $157 17 Feeding stuffs ............ ONAL DINE Rae Pas CM eaten Ce 1,000 33 LB slloy gba a mse eUStiey -oenct exerts nc turn’ teste MIP duet AI MUA Aion Aaa 4 HNL BL Fe 218 09 oolsesinplementssandemachinehyan tearm cemeteries 116 63 FM mabe nae Pte SM Cera acm eouse ee lane ra au ies oR EMDR tn ete 113 26 Scientificsapparatuses ea cee eae Chee ee see 103 64 Live stock: (a) MELOPS ES AR RG Lom ieee ianriacey neck ae gor tie Deen eee $50 00 (Ge) MeuBoultey cy ee Ane es eran eat tema serie II8 35 CE ae Sim ice Sheps apace eee ttre western toirecc 80 15 AO tall Greny atin tmpe ae an Eh nS orca zeae erent PopeAt gay ghey 248 50 Contingent expenses timer aus isc, eee nN ale a ie Pea a 15 00 Mravelinweexpensess ted mreeen share ca menardeeiieele ttc seve soe 259 62 Buildingcvandrepairse meee ccs ar aces ae alae eae 685 91 ARO eae aes Le fiyea be hs cc Spey taney een tN aCe MIRE eget ra teal $15,000 oo ISAIAH K. STETSON, Treasurer. I, the undersigned, duly appointed Auditor of the Corporation, do hereby certify that I have examined the books of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1902, that I have found the same well kept and classified as above, and that the receipts for the year from the Treasurer of the United States are shown to have been $15,000.00, and the corresponding disbursements, $15,000.00; for all of which proper vouchers are on file and have been examined by me and found correct. And I further certify that the expenditures have been solely for the purposes set forth in the act of Congress approved March 2, 1887. GEO. E. FELLOWS, Auditor. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station in account with “General Account” for the year ending June 30, 1902. Dr. Robalancessomprool O02 ane Aaa ee merr tern $493 05 Salessotproducemetc aan ere ae eee cre 3,115 06. $3,608 Ir Cr. Bycisalariesicc. strangers cis see Cees Ree ler soe $1,000 00 TAD OTs. MAMI ott cotta caer Oe ree eee rare 980 42 PIG Citvo mys EtabSMerrN ccass certain core ee tio toes 500 oO IO SIAR SHAG! SAUTOMISAS oo 0o00cncccoD0 0000000 100 00 Building srancdame pais meee cert: 254 20 BalancertoylQ02-3Naccolintanenaeeeer rerio rt 773 49 3,008 If INDEX TO EXPERIMENT STATION REPORT. PAGE American apples, good varieties....... Rh MoluGa axahetu errs oe ene 88 AMAphOLihipsustiiataact ret eee tae ea a a eae ee 07 PNG OFA SOALSEE ile octet nag RP ce ee ae ate ee eer 214 Apples catalogue of hardiest vanleties:™ 5... mee een see 83 FOGG AmICMICAIN WAIHI goocooon0ccnsDconsasc000Ne 88 DNS OIG LE oto Gh RES Ae el create st ote Ae 89 BOtkenpest tae st): Seer ear ee NE Maceo a MaMa 89 IDGCtOT aie eitats ete is aon oe eo eee 89 Ein bites ans acai one eee: 89 Minit orc area co WOR oN ena eg Oe 89 IMiamSoOneS wicetenece. nei aon ocala oer 89 Northwestern Greening ..................- go FROIPED Shee aeaeny meterc ate Gaerne enero Be ted Roe 90 SMA WASSEE! see ee te aa eee ee are 90 Neal bliyeee’: Seneca oe cee ert ete aerate go WVeSthel ete ashe, anion a Mannen AS nde acta: 90 Yorks imperial tm. ascetic rare ek ees OI Keepinoxcialiticsm reciente ris io nonin: Graces 04 Maineiseediing sett. fiastes aa oko te een eh noe ae gI AT OOSTOO A EME aye OTT Ono ae chosen cB QI IDHEKGlI LEN aes teenie ao aed en Lea Ro ceiots ero eros gI TRON be adem eye Aaa arth Cann te ck NS Rr E A HN» 92 SLOWEY tee erste nets META CLA OT OR Nees Lees ote 92 VAlIADLeBNUSSianmyailetlesen ree neeniaeneeee netics 85 iNMexanden hs cne et osteo eters ' 86 PNT SHIENIO sat xceerce seca a Rr erst aries 86 Neral ealuaer en ceatmticuetecs ah cree EMS Perot Se ne etegs Ieee 86 IBOLSA GRE te Nite eva keo eer i ere eee tte 86 (CHRO AOE HRC Esc oO RC NCHS 87 GreeniCrimeat eee cee tee cic ete nee 87 elibernaliap. sy scverc ore ear ee tere OO eioe. ce oe ee 87 MB omese dy /iss, fe sus. ueu os ae eee TIE aiece!s cee oticrehe 87 ERAT MATES cron cr ors chert TET os, 4 occnlern ees 87 IPOS Syy@Swins ooacanscoocsccauseso0ccene 88 RiSsiatin Gravensteinerrereyrerer ce ors eetecces 88 Wellow cltansparent) some er etes saves 88 WeInaceS torr (Cemureal IMMEGI@> o600000ccbdaa05aben ober 216 ancy nie Wiaineks neeermeterieteee tcc s-«.- anisms 82 IAESenaAteKOtel ea Gee wins Nice she crt co hoe CERO OI Teh sinGis © eucrehesiatd 198 224 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1902. PAGE FALSEMIC AL ITISCCHIEAGES | +n meters anak epske ponies Sie a leben an ae 199 Arsenic, soluble-cin 'Panisreneen. 20 2:25 ase seck wea le eee 198 ATL Oye hose SOS Oe AEE Tatoo uicinne cen Mer ee 130 Blackberries, atligemente 7. 7. 4-4 nae oe eo ee EES 215 Black Weatherall ceria tes ea Ee eo 199 Brans,analySesae: cs tana es soos ee eae ao te 49, 51 Breeding. 106 eso produchOne oe: cerines cee ee eet eee ee 26 TBs CaCl ort ose t Mesae legs Seca tcs le ee oer nee SCS Peer 201 Bullets published 1ngoo2 sare eee eee eee eee eee eee 213 i(By=prodncts Ob thexOat- tee wae oa On wee ee 59 Cerealthreaktastf00ds§<< st a-0 =. Sie: eee 129 BEATAS | Stl reo see ae oe Siale Saiee tee Ee Pe 129 Cérealss prepared arto cee es cls oa ee ee 139 Chickenss tattenine. withameatineal. go. ccie eee eee: 16 feeding OR SLOW Ls 2 os Sees. nA ee Aa 9 Feeding awithwskiar—miil ks eee eee ey ees 15 relation ofmacestosiallening=-saere eee eee ree 14 ClO VerexPeninientsy 2 ee tench, ee A eee Pia. Mate Se 216 Cockerels) feedinowfests.7 a. y5-.132, et le ee ee oe 10 Condimentalst@ods = 8. oo hin oie ce oh eA 62 Coopsivshousevandsyardee ss) e ene eee eee ee 9 CORT sd cA a cy, das an een Sen ee Oe 130 breakfast foods, average composition................. I51 brediasth foods: Vayerase COSEy- + i eae Pee I51 DLeparaviOns = oes eee ee eee ee eee ee I40 Wottonseedemesl Senne oe cena: een ep ere 56 analy SeSk ts Boece acre ea Ae ee 43, 44 lowissrdde cn c..Sie cree ese cee tes emo eren 217 ‘Beoe cases slight andsdaricv.e: 22-5. oo sateen ee 18 x4. one se eee eee 4I WORKINGS Ol cee sere eer ete ce eae 60 Peeds: low sin protemmty. 22. 52-2225 Goa crete renee eee. 56 Hence: wires tor:comtstonca: 4 dane oes eee eee 214 Hertilizerianalyses Bact cso ans cle oe oe ke toon BESS ee 73, 155 INSPECHOME 22:25 5 ais wie div Sis See eee Re See oe eis 65, 153 law;. Chief provisions. -<0% 5: 3 cas sees oe eto eee 80 Fertilizers, constituents Bertilizine ingredients, trade valttes....... «sree eines es 4+ IOGULI PYM Lele DS eear tei ia Mane e ee ohne tere by siete omens Fish as manure Food frauds and humbugs Foods, cereal breakfast Gluten meals, analyses Goats, Angora Grass thrips, circulating system description muscular system Hanmmondiss Slug Shot mssce so: Hens, breeding for egg scorahoretionn Sorat lnlorammmie, BiMOhiSeS ooogoacdoccg0e0s0cc snus Incubationwexpeniimentcn ines saci acceler rire treatment of eggs ale (8) 8) 6)-0)0 16. 016).8\6\8 0.6 # a6 (s(6\\6\9\ 9 sae) 0) sv) vials 6 as guarantees and analyses..... MAnUfAachiner SeSAmMPLES, seiew css cieje clea stoi chetside ter VAlUAHOM