SEASIDE STEERS ws, Cas PSE = SESSA ESSE SERS ET BST e TERE PGT Slane ee A eae “2 LIBRARY OF THE ae FORTHE “© PEOPEE FOR EDVCATION AMERICAR Mueruy Or HATURAL HISTORY | Lieb } SESS Seater tl be , f re * A ; t + [ ; PF . ‘ , . } x “ 7 ne ; . "3 ‘ ; + tf . vn 2 é s ; , ie ee , Pa Li ie es i + ~ - ‘@ el TEES THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Mae Awricultural Expernment Station ORONO, MAINE 1919 UNIVERSITY OF MAINE 1919 MAINE AGRICULTURAL ‘EXPERIMENT STATION ORONO, MAINE ORGANIZATION JULY TO DecemBER, 1919 THE STATION COUNCIL PRESIDENT ROBERT J. ALEY, President DIRECTOR CHARLES D. WOODS, Secretary THOMAS V. DOHERTY, Houlton, ; FRANK E. GUERNSEY, Dover, posed cee CHARLES S. BICKFORD, Belfast, JOHN A. ROBERTS, Commissioner of Agriculture EUGENE H. LIBBY, Auburn, State Grange WILSON W. CONANT, Buckfield, State Pomological Society FRANK S. ADAMS, Bowdoinham, State Dairymen’s Association LEONARD C. HOLSTON, Cornish, Maine Livestock Breeders’ Ass'n. WILLIAM G. HUNTON, Portland, Maine Seed Improvement Ass'n. AND THE Heaps AND ASSOCIATES OF STATION DEPARTMENTS, AND THE DEAN OF THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE THE STATION STAFF GHAREEST DD: WOODS, Sc.D: Director ADMINIS- ESTELLE M. GOGGIN, Clerk TRATION CHARLES C. INMAN, Clerk MARY L. NORTON, Clerk FRANK M. SURFACE, Pu. D., Biologist* JOHN W. GOWEN, Pu. D., Assistant BIOLOGY RAYMOND PEARL, Pu. D., Collaborator MILDRED R. COVELL, Clerk HELEN A. RING, Laboratory Assistant JAMES M. BARTLETT, M. S., Chemist CHEMISTRY JOILIMU SY IS AKOVRIN IBS. Assistant C. HARRY WHITE, Assistant ENROMOE-\ Dia E IVE PAM CH pa sD: Entomologist OGY | ALICE W. AVERILL, Laboratory Assistant . WARNER J. MORSE, Pu. D., Pathologist PLANT DONALD FOLSOM, Pu. D., Assistant PATHOLOGY VIOLA L. MORRIS, Laboratory Assistant JACOB ZINN, Acr. D., Assistant Biologist AY ees E. RAYMOND RING, A. B,, Scientific Aid FARM WALTER E. CURTIS, Scientific Aid HIGHMOOR i) WELLINGTON SINCLAIR, Superintendent FARM bese sodas coms daldnoososode Scientific Aid ROYDON L. HAMMOND, Seed Analyst and Photographer * Absent on leave during period of war. MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION ORONO, MAINE ORGANIZATION JANUARY TO JUNE, 1919 THE STATION COUNCIL PRESIDENT ROBERT Jey AWE President DIRECTOR CHARLES D. WOODS, Secretary ORA GILPATRICK, Houlton FRANK E. GUERNSEY, Dover, CHARLES S. BICKFORD, Belfast, Committee of Board of Trustees JOHN A. ROBERTS, Commissioner of Agriculture EUGENE H. LIBBY, Auburn, State Grange WILSON W. CONANT, Buckfield, State Pomological Society FRANK S. ADAMS, Bowdoinham, State Dairymen’s Association LEONARD C. HOLSTON, Cornish, Maine Livestock Breeders’ Assn. WILLIAM G. HUNTON, Portland, Maine Seed Improvement Ass'n. AND THE HEADS AND ASSOCIATES OF STATION DEPARTMENTS, AND THE DEAN OF THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE THE STATION STAFF CHARLES D. WOODS, Sc D. Director ADMINIS- ESTELLE M. GOGGIN, Clerk TRATION CHARLES C. INMAN, Clerk MARY L. NORTON, Clerk JOHN W. GOWEN, Pz. D., Biologist RAYMOND PEARL, Pu. D., Collaborator Ee a) MIDDRED) RY COVELL, Clerk HELEN A. RING, Laboratory Assistant JAMES M. BARTLETT, M. S., Chemist CHEMISTRY EMER Rea hOBE Ye B.. Se Assistant C. HARRY WHITE, Assistant ENTOMOL- EDITH M. PATCH, Pu. D., Entomologist OGY ALICE W. AVERILL, Laboratory Assistant PLANT WARNER J. MORSE, Pu. D., Pathologist PATHOLOGY DONALD FOLSOM, Pu. D., Assistant VIOLA L. MORRIS, Laboratory Assistant JACOB ZINN, Aer. D., Assistant Biologist ee E. RAYMOND RING, A. B., Scientific Aid WALTER E. CURTIS, Superintendent HIGHMOOR WELLINGTON SINCLAIR, Superintendent FARM HUGH C. McPHEE, B. S., Scientific Aid ROYDON L. HAMMOND, Seed Analyst and Photographer a2-9e8 3h —- 24 The publications of this Station will be sent free to any address in Maine. All requests should be sent to : Agricultural Experiment Station, Orono, Maine. CONTENTS. WReiMizaAMOMmOLmtheStatlOm ci. dec ais cers cles clticlelere oro elolels ele sja)¥ eyelers ele PANTING TN GEITLETUES IR I you sient hae iabay ations crouse Seer cei sore le euelepert is -euslelevaceieveud ofehaeveers Prinkeariome wesc i MOM Oe goscpdcculdogodanocdouopeDeob0oddc Stiattiom INGtES gine Sueno e Din atp OE OI Ceme ROO SCR See cco icc Smee aitemVlcadowaselant vote) (Bulletin 276) cs... 2 cleo se cilelsls «1s ote eres Analysis Maine grown potatoes (Bulletin 277)................+- Mineral matters of Maine grown potatoes (Bulletin 277)........ OT OMOTMAcey uC tilll etimy27/7)) merino sitieaicte ols tenia eisiersisle eleleteteletere oye 40 High ridge vs. low ridge potato culture (Bulletin 277).......... Different forms of ammonia for potato fertilizer (Bulletin 277).. Effect of omitting potash from potato fertilizer (Bulletin 277)... Soilmtesteexperiment in 1918 (Bulletin 278) iio. aon... s ee ees Variation of milk in Ayrshire cows (Bulletin 279).............. Appliances and methods for pedigree poultry mating (Bulletin 280) Transmitting qualities of Jersey sires (Bulletin 281)............ Three pink and green aphids of the rose (Bulletin 282)......... Food Plant catalog of the Aphididae of the world Part VI (Bul- Tees -. ZAI) ists area ee aa eA RE tale es esa) Cin ESL Tae Report of progress on animal investigations in 1919 (Bulletin ZIBB) 5 0’ doo SGA ORAHE REA Oe CRU iAP Petia ee ae GL (ae Variation of milk in Ayrshire cows (Bulletin 284).............. Variations and correlations of milk with age in Jersey cattle Gre tM OAD) fe sacke yeas, aN eect Reeve ve sot cc ail AMMA EA YO Ch SNC BAUR a Variations and correlations of butter-fat percentage with age in Wieuseyancattles a(Bulletiny ZO4) hes ee arc lela clearer alecsnerelaiervelels On variation in Tartary buckwheat (Bulletin 284).............. Conformation and milk producing capacity in Jersey cattle (Bul- IEAM A) ee eee eater Omega eG alee Lea Rn RI a RINE Unt tey esr pe Ten ALG OE The mechanism of crossing over in the third chromosome of Dro- Z Sopluildemelanogastens (Bulletin 284) cause ate eres ce PV Viiiemmaime weevil: (Bulletin (284) 5 soy one siecle oe cad een ele ue Spruce lnwalkyrorran s (ewibletiin. 224) os os aso back saocoacusuossacodas Viability of blackleg organism of the potato (Bulletin 284)...... Mosaic disease of the potato (Bulletin 284)...................... Wetecorolocical= observations (Bulletin. 284)00. 50040. one. e ee os oe Renomeor tie. dreasuner,, (Bulletin 284)\. 595. cceucce cece sete iidexanenotteon O19: (Bulletin 264)\..0.0 5. sas cd casos sia nyuee oe ANNOUNCEMENTS. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE STATION The Maine Fertilizer Control and Agricultural Experiment Station, established by Act of the Legislature approved March 3, 1885, began its work in April of that year in quarters fur- nished by the College. After the Station had existed for two years, Congress passed what is known as the Hatch Act, estab- lishing agricultural experiment stations in every state. This grant was accepted by the Maine Legislature by an Act ap- proved March 16, 1887, which established the Maine Agricul- tural Experiment Station as a department of the University. The reorganization was effected in June, 1887, but work was not begun until February 16, 1888. In 1906, Congress passed the Adams Act for the further endowment of the stations es- tablished under the Hatch Act. The purpose of the experiment stations is defined in the Act of Congress establishing them as follows: “Tt shall be the object and duty of said experiment stations to conduct original researches or verify experiments on the phy- siology of plants and animals; the diseases to which they are severally subject, with the remedies for the same; the chemical composition of useful plants at their different stages of growth; the comparative advantage of rotative cropping as pursued un- der a varying series of crops; the capacity of new plants or trees for acclimation; the analysis of soils and water; the chemical composition of manure, natural and artificial, with experiments designed to test their comparative effects on crops of different kinds; the adaptation and value of grasses and forage plants; the composition and digestibility of the different kinds of food for domestic animals; the scientific and economic questions involved in the production of butter and cheese; and such other researches or experiments bearing directly on the agricultural industry of the United States as may in each case be deemed advisable, having due regard to the varying conditions and needs of the respective states or territories.” Vill Matne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. The work that the Experiment Station can undertake from the Adams Act fund is more restricted and can “be applied only to paying the necessary expenses for conducting original researches or experiments bearing ‘directly on the agricultural industry of the United States, having due regard to the vary- ing conditions and needs of the respective states and _ terri- tories.” INVESTIGATIONS. The Station continues to restrict its work to a few impor- tant lines, believing that it is better for the agriculture of the State to study thoroughly a few problems than to spread over the whole field of agricultural science. It has continued to im- prove its facilities and segregate its work in such a way as to make it an effective agency for research in agriculture. Promi- nent among the lines of investigation are studies upon the food of man and animals, the diseases of plants and animals, breed- ing of plants and animals, orchard and field experiments, poul- try investigations, and entomological research. INSPECTIONS. Up to the close of the year 1913, it had been the duty of the Director of the Station to execute the laws regulating the sale of agricultural seeds, apples, commercial feeding stuffs, commercial fertilizers, drugs, foods, fungicides and insecticides, and the testing of the graduated glassware used by creameries. Beginning with January, 1914, the purely executive part of these laws is handled by the Commissioner of Agriculture. It is still the duty of the Director of the Station to make the an- alytical examination of the samples collected by the Commis- sioner and to publish the results of the analyses. The cost of the inspections is borne by fees and by a State appropriation. OFFICES AND LABORATORIES. The offices, laboratories and poultry plant of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station are at the University of Maine, Orono. Orono is the freight, express, post, telegraph and tele- phone address for the offices and laboratories. ANNOUNCEMENTS. ix Aroostook Farm. By action of the Legislatures of 1913 and 1915 a farm was purchased in Aroostook County for scientific investigations in agriculture to be under “the general supervision, management, and control” of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station. The farm is in the town of Presque Isle, about 2 miles south of the village, on the main road to Houlton. The Bangor and Aroostook railroad crosses the farm. A flag station, “Aroos- took Farm,” makes it easily accessible by rail. The farm contains about 275 acres, about half of which is cleared. The eight room house provides an office, and home for the farm superintendent. A school house on a lot adjoining the farm was presented to the State by the town of Presque Isle and after being remodeled serves as a boarding house for the help. A greenhouse and a potato storage house have been erected at the farm by the U. S. Department of Agriculture for use 1n cooperative work on potato breeding. The large barn affords storage for hay and grain and has a large potato stor- age house in the basement. HicuHmMoor Farm. The State Legislature of I909 purchased a farm upon which the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station “shall con- duct scientific investigations in orcharding, corn, and other farm crops.” The farm is situated in the counties of Kennebec and Androscoggin, largely in the town of Monmouth. It is on the Farmington Branch of the Maine Central Railroad, 2 miles from Leeds Junction. A flag station, “Highmoor,” is on the farm. The farm contains 225 acres, about 200 of which are in orchards, fields, and pastures. There are in the neighborhood of 3,000 apple trees upon the place which have been set from 20 to 30 years. Fields that are not in orchards are well adapted to experiments with corn, potatoes, and similar general farm crops. The house has 2 stories with a large wing, and contains about 15 rooms. It is well arranged for the Station offices and for the home of the farm superintendent. The barns are large, affording storage for hay and grain. The basement affords x MaIne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, limited storage for apples, potatoes and roots. A substantially constructed building for apple packing was erected in 1912. PUBLICATIONS. The Station is organized so that the work of investigation is distinct from the work of inspection. The results of investi- gation are published in the bulletins of the Station and in sci- entific journals, both foreign and domestic. The bulletins for the year make up the annual report. The results of the work of inspection are printed in publications known as Official In- spections. These are paged independently of the bulletins and are bound in with the annual report as an appendix thereto. Miscellaneous publications consisting of newspaper notices of bulletins, newspaper bulletins and circulars which are not paged consecutively and for the most part are not included in the an- nual report are issued during the year. Weekly mimeograph publicity letters are sent to all papers within the State. BULLETINS ISSUED IN IQ19Q. No. 276. The Meadow Plant Bug. 16 pages. 1 page of plates. No. 277. Potato Studies. 16 pages. : No. 278. Soil Test Experiment in 1918. 24 pages. No. 279. The Variation of the Milk of Ayrshire Cows in Quantity and Fat Content of Their Milk. 87 pages. No. 280. Appliances and Methods for Pedigree Poultry Breeding at the Maine Station. 24 pages. No. 281. Transmitting Qualities of Jersey Sires for Milk Yield, Butter- Fat Percentage and Butter-Fat. 116 pages. No. 282. Three Pink and Green Aphids of the Rose. 44 pages. No. 283. Report of Progress on Animal Husbandry Investigations in 1919. 36 pages. No. 284. Abstracts of Papers Not Included in Bulletins, Finances, Meteorology, Index. 32 pages. OrrictaL INSpEcTIONS ISSUED IN IQIQ. No. 91. Drugs and Foods. 20 pages. No. 92. Commercial Feeding Stuffs, 1918-19. 40 pages. No. 93. Commercial Fertilizers, 1919. 28 pages. No. 94. Commercial Agricultural Seeds, 1919. Insecticides and Fungi- cides, 1918 and 1919. 16 pages. PUBLICATIONS. xt MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS ISSUED IN 1919. No. 536. Papers from the Biological Laboratory (list). 8 pages. No. 537. List of Available bulletins. 2 pages. BroLoGicAL PUBLICATIONS, 1919. In the numbered series of “Papers from the Biological Laboratory :” 125. The Variation of Ayrshire Cows in the Quality and Fat Content of their Milk. By Raymond Pearl and John Rice Miner. Jour- nal of Agricultural Research. Vol. XVII. No. 6. pp. 285-322. 126. Studies in Milk Secretion. V. On the Variations and Correlations of Milk Secretion with: Age in Jersey Cattle. By John W. Gowen. Genetics. Vol. 5, No. 2. 127. Studies in Milk Secretion. VI. On the Variations and Correlations of Butter-Fat Percentage with Age in Jersey Cattle. By John W. Gowen. Genetics. Vol. 5, IN@, 3b 128. Studies in Milk Secretion. VII. Transmitting Qualities of Jersey Sires for Milk Yield, But- ter-Fat Percentage and Butter-Fat. By Raymond Pearl, John W. Gowen and John Rice Miner. Maine Agricultural Experi- ment Station, Annual Report for 1919, pp. 89-205. 129. Conformation and its Relation to the Milk Producing Capacity in Jersey Cattle. By John W. Gowen. Jour. Dairy Science, Vol. oye No; 1 130. Report of Progress on Animal Husbandry Investigations in 1919. By John W. Gowen. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Annual Report for 1919, pp. 131. On Variation in Tartary Buckwheat, Fagopyrum tataricum (L) Gaertn. By Jacob Zinn. Genetics. Vol. 4. No. 6. — Miscellaneous: Appliances and Methods for Pedigree Poultry Breed- ing at the Maine Station. By John W. Gowen. Maine Agri- cultural Experiment Station, Annual Report for 1919. pp. 65-89. A Biometrical Study of Crossing Over. On the Mechanism of Cross- ing Over in the Third Chromosome of Drosophila Melanogaster. By John W. Gowen, Genetics. Vol. 4. No. 3. pp. 205-250. ENTOMOLOGICAL PAPERS, IQIQ. Ent. No. 101. The Meadow Plant Bug, Miris dolabratus. Herbert Os- born. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station Report for 1919, pp. 1-16, 4 plates. Ent. No. 102. Three Pink and Green Aphids of the Rose. Edith M. Patch. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station Re- port for 1919 pp. Xii MaAINeE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Ent. No. 103. Food Plant Catalogue of the Aphididae of the World. Part VI. Edith M. Patch. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station Report for 1919, pp. STATION NOTES. Counci, AND STAFF CHANGES. At the June meeting of the Trustees, Mr. Ora Gilpatrick was placed upon the Station Council, representing the Board of Trustees in the place of Mr. Thomas E. Doherty. Doctor Frank M. Surface, Biologist of the Station, on leave on war work since June 1917, resigned in July, 1919, to continue his work with Mr. Hoover in administering food relief to neutrals and aliens. Mr. H. H. Hanson, the chemist of the Station on war leave since January 1918, resigned in the spring of 1919 to take a position at West Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station as chemist in charge of feeding stuffs control. Miss Helen A. Ring, Laboratory Assistant in Biology, re- signed in November 1919. Miss Beatrice Goodine has been appointed in her stead. Losses DuRING THE YEAR. The Station has had three rather severe losses during the year. The most important one was the loss of poultry records up to 1917 through the burning of the old group of Johns Hop- kins University buildings at Baltimore. All the poultry records prior to 1917, after being analyzed for the breeding data, were sent to Baltimore for analysis for many other things which Doctor Pearl, Collaborating Biologist for the Station, hoped to work out from them in the next few months. In this fire Doc- tor Pearl lost all of his papers including the manuscript, a 200 page bulletin, for this Station entitled, “The Physiology of Milk Production” which was nearly ready to be placed in the hands of our printers. This book can be replaced in time because the data on which it was founded are still here at Orono. In March of 1919, owing to the accumulation of a very heavy snow upon the roof of the barn at Aroostook Farm the roof spread and fell in. It cost $1695.10 to replace the roof and put the barn in the condition in which it was prior to the acci- ANIMAL HUSBANDRY INVESTIGATION. xiii dent. The Legislature was in session at the time but the Gov- ernor thought it wiser that we should at once proceed to rebuild and if the maintenance appropriation was not sufficient to care for the reconstruction that the matter be presented to the Coun- cil at the end of the year. The investigations for 1919 used up the whole of the appropriation for investigations at the Farm and the matter of the deficiency has been referred to the Goy- ernor and Council. In November 1919 the tool shed at Highmoor Farm and its contents were completely destroyed by fire. The loss as shown by the inventory totalled $1838.75. Proof of loss was presented to the Insurance Companies, has been accepted by them and will be paid. In common with all other experiment stations with fixed incomes, the Station has been greatly embarrassed by the in- creased cost of service and of equipment. This situation is partially relieved by an appropriation made by the Legislature of 1919 of $5000 a year for the next 2 years for the investiga- tions at Highmoor Farm. ANIMAL HuSBANDRY INVESTIGATION. In 1911 when the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station announced that it had found that for poultry, high egg produc- tion was transmitted through the sons rather than through the daughters, the idea that milk and butter-fat porduction might be similarly inherited seemed to take hold upon the dairymen of the country and in some breeds they began advanced registries. for sires based upon the milk and butter-fat production of their get. This has gone on increasingly until quite large amounts of data have thus been accumulated. When this announcement was first made in 1911 for poultry it was necessary to use tested sires in order to make high laying progeny sure. But two other laws have been since discovered whereby it is possible now without testing the sire to be pretty sure of what the get shall be with poultry. This thought appealed to the Maine Dairymen’s Associa- tion so greatly, that at their meeting in 1911 they appointed a committee consisting of Rutillus Alden, W. G. Hunton, F. S. Adams and Raymond Pearl, “to provide ways and means where- X1V MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. by either by private endowment or State appropriations suffi- cient funds may be provided for a series of years to enable the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station to undertake an investi- gation of the problems of breeding for increased milk and milk fat production on as broad and as thorough a basis as has been so successfully carried out in the ve 15 years with breeding poultry for increased egg production.” This committee decided that the most feasible way to ob- tain this money was to ask a continuous appropriation in favor of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station from the Leg- islature, and it was planned to ask for $10,000 annually from the Legislature of 1913. At the two preceding Legislatures the Col- lege of Agriculture through the Trustees of the University of Maine had been seeking an appropriation for the construction of much needed new barns. It was rather feared that the Leg- islature would not be so likely to give two appropriations if the larger amount was asked for the animal husbandry investiga- tion. And in order to strengthen the position of the College of Agriculture they proposed to furnish the animals needed for the experiment together with housing room with the understand- ing that the committee would reduce its request to the Legisla- ture to $5,000 and assist in getting the appropriation for the barns. The Legislature of 1913 made the appropriation of $5,000 a year annually in favor of the Maine Agricultural Ex- periment Station for animal husbandry investigations and made a liberal appropriation for the construction of the new barns for the College of Agriculture. The committee appointed by the State Dainyers Associa- tion well understood that a long time would elapse before re- sults could be obtained, and that while the breeding experiment itself was fundamental that there were large numbers of other questions that could be handled from the aanlyses of existing data. The Station at once began the work of handling these data as soon as the appropriation was made and late in 1913 steps were tken to begin the actual breeding experiment with dairy stock. The University purchased a her of Aberdeen-Angus and placed Doctor Pearl, the Biologist of the Station ,in charge of all of the animal husbandry breeding. The experiment went along without interruption and with very little opposition any- where until late in 1917 the College of Agriculture began to he ANIMAL HuSBANDRY INVESTIGATION. XV uneasy because it was not getting sufficient numbers of pure bred animals and the cross bred animals were taking up so much room in the barns. As a result no further cross bred mating has been made with pure bred dairy females since January 25, 1918. In many ways since that date the experiment has “marked time.” After the amount of the appropriation to be made for the maintenance of the University by the Legislature of 1919 was known it was evident to the University executives that retrench- ment must be practiced. The furnishing and maintaining the animals for Cross Breeding Experiment was assumed by the University in 1913. Owing to the increased cost of labor and ‘of materials including feed and charge upon University funds greater than planned at the outset, the President informed the Director that some modification of the original plan would have to be made. The question of what to do was taken up by the Station Council and carried by a committee from that body to the Trustees of the University with the result that the following plan was adopted with the clear understanding that the carry- ing out would involve a large deficit. 1. Take to Highmoor Farm at once cross bred bulls Nos. Q-17-31-32-35, the pure bred bull Ellens Magnet, (calf) Io F, and 2 F, cows. 2. Remove to Highmoor Farm as soon as the weather will permit with the housing now available, probably between May ist and 15th, 6 Angus cows and cross bred bull No. 30. 3. Remove to Highmoor Farm all other animals used in the experiment as soon as the barns to accommodate them are completed which shall be not later than Au- gust, 1920. In accordance with this action the Director of the Station at once arranged for the needed construction of bull pens and stanchions in the basement of the Highmoor Farm barn for the temporary housing of the animals named in 1 above. The Coun- cil Committee and the Director have made plans for the new Xvi MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. barn (80 x 36), the raising of the walls and roof of the long shed now running from the barn to the “old barn” and the making of a well. It is planned to have the new barn ready by haying and have all the animals at Highmoor Farm soon there- after. During the six years this investigation has been in progress 29 different papers totaling 762 pages have been published. And other papers are either ready or nearly ready to be published. BULLETIN 276 THE MEADOW PLANT BUG * HERBERT OSBORN Research Professor of Zoology and Entomology, Ohio State University, and Consulting Entomologist, Maine Agricultural Experiment ' Station SUMMARY 1. Miris dolabratus has been a conspicuous insect in tim- othy meadows in portions of the eastern United States during the past 40 years and now has a distribution as far west as Illinois and Minnesota and south in the Mississippi valley into Kentucky. 2. It is believed to be an introduced species coming from Europe with timothy hay or other large stemmed grass shipped for forage or packing sometime between 1800 and 1825. 3. It feeds upon cultivated grasses especially timothy, or- chard grass and meadow fescue and when abundant must seri- ously affect the value of the crop. 4. It is a dimorphic species, there being two forms of females, a long-winged and a short-winged form, the latter be- ing far more plentiful, something like 90 per cent of all fe- males. 5. The species hibernates in the egg form, hatching oc- curs about May 25th to June 10th in Maine, and the nymphs pass through 5 instars of about 6 or 7 days each, adults oc- curring from early July, mating and laying eggs from July 10th to August 1st for the short-winged forms necessarily in the fields where the females have developed. *Papers from the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station: En- tomology No. 101. This bulletin is based on a more detailed paper by the same author, published under the title “The Meadow Plant Bug, Miris dolabratus;” Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. XV, No. 3. 2 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. 6. The eggs are laid in stems of grass or clover in fields where females have grown, being thrust through the wall of the stem and held by an expanded cap which is firmly held by the walls of the stem, the egg being protected in the hollow of the stem and in this position remain for at least 8 or 9 monthsi before hatching. 7. Measures for control so far evident and based on habits determined will consist especially of rotation, with prob- ably some advantage from burning, early cutting, pasturing heavily in fall, and possibly by mechanical devices for captur- ing the nymphs or adults. 8. The spread of the insect should be prevented by care in the disposition of timothy hay moved to a distance. No hay from an infested district should be ailowed to be scattered in or near meadows in localities where the insect is not already present. 9. Natural enemies consist so far as at present known of spiders, the predaceous damsel bugs Reduviolus sps. a Tach- inid fly Phorantha occidentis and an undetermined species and a species of fungus Entomophthora sp. Tue Meapow Prant Bua. 3 INTRODUCTION This species presents a number of interesting problems, biologic as well as economic, and considering its great abun- dance over a large area of the eastern United States and Can- ada during the past forty years it seems strange that it has not received more careful investigation. My own attention was attracted by its appearance in im- mense numbers in northern Ohio at about the time of my re- moval to that state in 1898. It was entirely unknown to me from previous field collecting and specimens I had seen were collected in western New York by Mr. E. P. Van Duzee about the year 1888. My attention was again forcibly attracted to the species by the great abundance in Maine in 1914 when they were encoun- tered in my studies of the meadow leafhoppers. A reference to the literature indicated almost total neglect of the species in this country and almost nothing concerning its economic importance was found. It seemed therefore well worth a spec- ial study and I was gratified to be able to arrange with the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station to undertake a sum- mer’s study of the species at Orono. As an old-world species the insect has evidently been fam- iliar since it was described by Linne (1758) and has had fre- quent mention by later writers who have treated it simply from the systematic standpoint. Wolff (1802) indeed gives a recog- nizable figure of the nymph in one of the later instars also a rough sketch of the egg but so far as noted no detailed study of life-history, habits or economic status has been made even in the regions where it has been longest known. DESCRIPTION No very satisfactory description of the species is available in the accessible text books or manuals. The adults are about two-fifths of an inch long, (9 mm.) rather slender, with long black antennae which are thickest at the base, the head rounded, set fairly close to the thorax which widens behind and the wings lie nearly flat on the back are narrow and have nearly parallel sides, extend to or slightly beyond the tip of the abdomen in the males and long-winged females and to the fifth abdominal 4 Marine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STaTiIon. 1919. segment in the short-winged females. The color is yellow or yellowish gray with dark markings which form two rather in- definite stripes on the pronotum and elytra. The antennae and legs are.black with yellowish bases or yellow with black hairs and spots. The nymphs are yellow marked with black, the general color being quite dark in the early instars and becoming lighter with the successive moults. DISTRIBUTION The range of the species is evidently throughout a large part of Northern Europe and North America but in this coun- try it has been especially noticeable in Eastern Canada, New England, New York and West into Ohio. Reports from a number of states establish its occurrence in large numbers and the records given support the view that it is an old world species which has gained introduction within the past century. BELIEVED TO BE AN INTRODUCED SPECIES With the evidence available there seems to be good reason to believe the species to have been introduced from Europe at some time not later than the early part of the last century, probably not earlier at best than about 1800 and, if we may give weight to the first records by Uhler and Provancher we may suppose an introduction in New England or at Quebec or some of the maritime provinces of Canada, perhaps equally probable for Nova Scotia, New Brunswick or Quebec. From any of these localities the dispersal might easily reach the other localities concerned in the course of a few decades though without artificial assistance its progress must be slow. Evidence in favor of the species being an introduced one may be summed up briefly as follows: First: It has been a common insect in Europe for an indefi- nite period, covering a large area and doubtless as- sociated with the cultivated grasses to which it seems so closely restricted here. Second: The species was not known in America until about 1830 when it was collected by Harris as noted by Uhler and later recorded by Provancher altho a number of Tue Merapow PiLantr Bua. 5 careful students such as Say, Uhler and Walsh had given no little attention to the insects of the group to which it belongs and would almost certainly have encountered it in their work, if it had been present in any abundance, in different parts of the country where it now occurs. Third: It has shown a gradual westward and southward dis- persal as indicated by the available records of occur- rence. This shows occurrence in New England in 1832, Maryland 1868, Quebec 1872, New York 1887, Ohio 1888 (?), Ill. 1906, Kentucky 1908. Fourth: It is adapted to certain cultivated grasses which were introduced from Europe and its close restriction to these and apparent inability to adapt itself to native grasses even of as large forms as the cultivated ones is very significant. Fifth: In the plan of hibernation of eggs in stems, there is evidently furnished abundant opportunity for the trans- portation of eggs to distant points in hay shipped for forage or packing. DISTRIBUTION IN MAINE The species has certainly been present and abundant in Maine for many years but except for the notes by Prof. H. T. Fernald there does noi appear to have been any record that assists in determining the time of its appearance or the extent of distribution. The Experiment Station collection contains several specimens those bearing dates for Orono being July 14th and 18th 1905 and July 11th 1907, all being adults and Dr. Patch published a record of its abundance in 1908. As men- tioned elsewhere the writer noted it as abundant ir tg14 at Orono. Prof. C.L. Metcalf took specimens and noticed the species as abundant in late instars and adult males at Fort Kent July 5th and 6th, at Presque Isle mostly adults on July 8th and at Houlton as adults with few nymphs of late instars on July 9th for the summer of 1916. The writer found them abundant at Phillips and other points where timothy meadows were examined between Farmington and Dallas on July 18th 1916 and also very plentiful in some old meadow land in the vicinity of Saddleback Lake on July roth and 2oth. None oc- 6 Marine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. curred on Saddleback Mt. at any point above the level of the meadow land or the growth of the timothy and other grasses commonly occupied by the species. It is evidently safe to assign its distribution in the state to all parts where suitable grasses occur and it may confidently be expected to occur in all old meadow land where timothy forms a part of the combination during the months of June, July and August and search in the stems will be pretty sure to disclose them as eggs during other months of the year. Economic IMPORTANCE While, from the great numbers appearing in meadows and the evident attack on the plants, it must be inferred that there is serious injury to the crop there appears to be little to es- tablish the amount of loss or to separate it from that due to other species. In fact but few of the Capsidae have been given much attention from the economic standpoint. The familiar and cosmopolitan tarnished plant bug, Lygus pratensis, has been known for years as a pest to many plants. In 1892 Dr. L. O. Howard called attention to Oncognathus binotatus as “A New Enemy to Timothy Grass.” Dr. M. V. Slingerland has treated the common four-lined plant-bug (Poecilocapsus lineatus) as a pest of currants, Professor Popenoe the little Haltica bractatus or whleri as a garden pest of beans and the common Calocoris rapidus has been known for many years to affect the clover crop. Some idea of the effects produced by the meadow plant bug may be secured by noting the enormous numbers that are hanging to the plants and especially to the heads during the time the timothy is in bloom. Often a number may be seen clinging to a single head, from three to five being not unusual. The fact that they suck the bloom doubtless means a heavy loss in seed or in weight and nutritive value of hay, although there is little external evidence of injury. Evidence of injury based on the amount of hay per acre where these insects are plenty as compared with fields where they are absent suffers from the fact that so many different insects are present and it is almost impossible to determine the proportion to be charged to each. Judged merely by the num- Tue Meapow PLant Buc. * 7] bers present and also by the size and feeding capacity of these insects they may easily be counted among the most destructive to the crop though they do not kill the plant by attacks at or near the root. Fig. 1. Miris dolabratus: A, adult on timothy head in resting or feeding position; B, female ovipositing; C, eggs from oviduct, nearly - or quite mature; D, mature egg ready for deposition; E, mature egg greatly enlarged showing membranous operculum. From drawings by the author. (Jour.. Agr. Research). Foop PLANTS Timothy has been most commonly mentioned as the food plant of the species and this is quite evidently the grass with which it is most commonly associated as even where it may be found on other grasses it is usually where timothy forms a large part of the combination of species growing together. I have found it commonly attached on timothy heads, very evidently feeding, and individuals have been carried along for several instars with no other food, so this is clearly a normal food supply (fig. 1). I have also found it commonly on orchard grass, meadow fescue and witch grass and the nymphs seem to thrive on these plants about as well as on the timothy. It has not been observed commonly on blue grass or other small grasses or grasses with small seed heads except as these are mixed with the coarser forms and while it occurs where clover is mixed with timothy and lays eggs in clover stems it has not been observed ever to feed either on stems, leaves or 8 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION: 1919. heads of clover. I believe it is quite strictly a grass feeding species and primarily adapted to timothy. Before the grasses head out they occur on the stems and leaves but the larger part of the growth occurs after timothy begins to head and the heads seem to be the favorite point of attack. The insects cluster on the heads sometimes in numbers to a single head and thrust their beaks down into the flowerets evidently drawing their food from the tender parts of the blos- som or from the forming seed. I have seen a female thrust the beak down in the flower of a witch grass pierce the glumes or insert the beak between and down into the anthers penetrat- ing the anthers and causing them to burst and probably sucking juices from the ovules. Mrs. Slosson’s (1894) record for Mt. Washington above 5500 feet is for adults and Mr. C. W. John- son informs me that many insects capable of flight are carried up by air currents and found at altitudes much above their food plants. DIMORPHISM The species occurs in two distinct forms of females a long-winged and a short-winged form but only one form of male, the long-winged, has been observed. The short-winged form of female is by far the most abundant and as this form is entirely unable to fly and therefore is very definitely restricted in its migration it is of special interest to note that it must be the form which produces practically all of the eggs. Lire History The eggs hatch in May or early June the time being deter- mined in part by latitude and season. The exact date of hatch- ing at Orono was not observed as nymphs were already abun- — dant at the time of my arrival June 12th and as the season of 1916 was exceptionally late it is probable that the average date of hatching would be the last week in May. Young nymphs continued to appear until about June 25th and none after July Ist while the first adults appeared June 16th and were abun- dant by June 26th. Tue Meapow Piantr Bue. 9 Evidently the adults feed for some time before mating as the first matings observed were July 8th and 1toth. The eggs however develop rapidly when the insects reach the adult stage as fully developed eggs in large numbers, 50 to 60 to the individual, were dissected from the females, the first one dis- sected, June 30, containing 30 fully formed and others im- mature. Another, dissected on July 8, contained 69 developed and a few immature eggs. These dissected eggs were of special interest as they might furnish the clue to later determination of place and method of oviposition and the peculiar strongly curved neck and large membranous expansion over the head naturally suggested some rather unusual mode of placement. Fig. 2. Miris dolabratus: Nymphs showing relative size of body and development of wing pads. A, first instar; B, second instar; C, third instar; D, fourth instar; E, fifth instar. Note also position of dorsal gland orifice between segments 3 and 4. From drawings by the author. (Jour. Agr. Research). The nymphs cling closely to the plants and while they pass readily up and down the stems and doubtless shift from one plant to another there is no extended migration, probably no movement providing for any dispersal. When molting they 10 Marine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIon. 1919. cling to the plant and, as with other insects generally, the skin splits along the middle line of the back and the body and legs are gradually withdrawn and the increase in size and resump- tion of color takes place in a short time. Five distinct stages of the nymphs are recognized and this seems to be the genenal rule for the Hemiptera, being the num- ber noted in a large number of the species which have been reared through the nymphal stages (fig. 2). No single individual has been carried from the first instar through to the adult stage but numbers have been carried from two to four of the instars in confinement and under observa- tion so that it is possible to give a connected series of stages from the smallest found to the adult form. The time occupied in the different stages has run from 5 to 8 days, averaging 6 to 7 days, and the total period of development from hatching to adult stage must be about 30 to 35 days. The principal changes are in the increase in size and in the growth of the wing pads which are entirely wanting in the first, appear as faint enlargements of the meso-thorax in the second instar, are fairly distinct on both meso- and meta-thorax in the third, extend to the second abdominal segment in the fourth and on to the middle of the fourth segment in the fifth for the female and to the base of the fifth segment for the male. There is considerable irregularity in development as in- stars 1-4 and probably 5 with adults were taken June 23. Fig. 3. Miris dolabratus: genital segments: A, female; B, male of fifth instar nymph; C, female; D, male of adult. From drawings by the author. (Jour. Agr. Research). In the fourth and fifth instars the sexes are easily distin- guished, males being slightly narrower, the abdomen with more THe Meapow PLant Bua. 1] parallel sides, and the genitalia being seen in outline through the semitransparent walls (fig. 3 a & D). With the final molt the wings expand rapidly and the distinction between males and females and the dimorphic forms of females become clearly marked. The adults remain quite constantly on the grass heads and evidently feed for a number of days before mating or egg lay- ing begins. On the grass heads they are more commonly found with the heads directed upward and they show some tendency to mount to the highest point but they often stand head down- ward and pass up and down the heads and stem freely. The position with the head upward appears to give them an excel- lent position for probing into the florets with their beaks. It was noted that in egg laying the females: selected small stems of grass I mm. to 11%4 mm. in diameter while in clover stems as much as 244 mm. diameter were used. Probably the rough or softer stem of clover serves as a good foothold though the tarsi are too small to clasp around it. Fig. 4. Miris dolabratus: A-E, antennae of nymphs; F, antenna of adult drawn to same scale and showing relative lengths of segments. From drawings by the author. (Jour. Agr. Research). NATURAL ENEMIES Among the natural enemies or checks of the species may be counted the gray damsel bug, Reduviolus ferus, (fig. 5) which is a very common and widely distributed species through- out the northern part, at least, of North America and in fact the holarctic region. Webster and Mally (1897) say Corsicus ferus was observed to attack Leptoterna dolobrata Linn. which was feeding quite abundantly on timothy heads about East Cleveland, June 28, 1896. 12 MaAIne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. This species has been found in Maine associated with Miris dolabratus as well as with the leafhoppers and it is prob- able that it may feed on either with equal avidity. While not seen feeding on the mature Miris it is pretty certain that it will feed upon the larvae and its fondness for leafhoppers in both the nymph and adult stages has been proven by repeated observation. Direct observation on the insects attacked is dif- ficult as it is almost impossible to follow them in their move- ments in the field and even when offered a variety of food in confinement it is difficult to determine as to their selection in the species offered as they very seldom make their attacks on the insects while under observation and it is left to infer from the numbers killed how ready they are to prey upon different kinds of insects. We have had them live and thrive in con- finement and progress to the adult stage on a diet of Miris and also on a food supply of leafhoppers and it is probable that they will eat a variety of small insects the particular kinds be- ing determined rather by the available supply than by any defi- nite choice on the part of the bug. They are able to survive considerable periods without food, and their development is -doubtless affected by abundance or scarcity. Reference has been made to the record of Leonard of rearing Phorantha occidentis from Muiris dolabratus in New ‘York. es Series 1) Series 2* |Series 1\Series 2\Series 1/Series 2; Average a lee ee eee ARS | | | None 182 172 | 198+ 131 | 140 | 84 123 150 None + Salt 193 | 200t | 136 | 144 | Sot | 180 140 8 per cent Potash 191 254 OS feel eanloo | 150) | 94 |) 9128 172 5 per cent Potash 191 sh |) aii) aR Ips iby aia |) ale 174 7 per cent Potash 198 244 | | 184 175 226+ | 139 | 160 | 134+ *In this series the potatoes followed potatoes. {Omitted from average. From the results of these 5 trials in 4 seasons on sod land the following conclusions may be drawn: The addition of 300. pounds of common salt per acre made a small but uniform in- crease in yield. Omitting the yields for 1915 in which there was no salt plot, the average yield for the plots without potash or salt was 140 hundredweight and for the plots without pot-: ash but with common salt added the yields averaged 151 hun- dredweight. The addition of as little as 45 pounds (1500 pounds. of 3 per cent goods) per acre of potash uniformily increased the yield of potatoes and profitably. On the Caribou loam of Aroostook Farm soil nothing was gained by a larger applica- tion. Good yields were obtained without any potash. From the soil test experiment on Caribou loam on this farm it ap- pears to be the case that nitrogen and not potash is the limit- ing factor in potato production on this soil on this farm. “Pot- ash hunger” did not manifest itself in either year in these trials. BULLETIN 278 SOIL TEST EXPERIMENT AT AROOSTOOK FARM SECOND REPORT Cuas. D. Woops SUMMARY This soil test experiment is conducted on Caribou loam on Aroostook Farm. While the results are probably of more or less general application to this type of soil they have no bearing on the fertilizer needs of other types of soil. In this test available ammonia (nitrogen), available phos- phoric acid, (phosphorus), and water soluble potash (potas- - sium) were used singly, in combination by twos and by threes, in amounts varying from none to 240 pounds per acre. This is a long term experiment designed to extend over many years. The crops used are potatoes, oats and clover in a 3 year rotation. Each plot and series of plots are in triplicate. Two crops have been grown on each series of plots. The yields of clover have been too uneven to make con- clusions possible. The oat stand in 1917 was very uneven. That of 1918 was fairly uniform on each plot. The potatoes on each plot were quite uniform in both 1917 and 1918. While only tentative conclusions can be drawn ammonia seems to be the limiting factor on this soil for oats, while neither phosphoric acid nor potash have much effect upon the yield of grain. Ammonia is also the limiting factor in potato yields, small amounts of potash increase the yield and phos- phoric acid has no effect. For Caribou loam on Aroostook Farm this soil test indi- cates that: 34 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Station. 1919, A fertilizer for oats should carry ammonia and that phos- phoric acid and potash cannot be profitably applied. A fertilizer for potatoes should carry ammonia and some potash while phosphoric acid will give no money return for its use. These inferences will be tested with oats on large areas of Caribou loam on Aroostook Farm in 1919; those regarding potash have been tested and found to be true in the series of “no-potash experiments” that have been carried on at Aroos- took Farm for the 4 past seasons; the inferences regarding phosphoric acid will be tested on Aroostook Farm, on 2 other farms in Presque Isle and 2 in Caribou in 1919. In all of these Caribou loam will be the type of soil used. INTRODUCTION Aroostook County, and particularly the part along the Aroostook River, has 2 characteristic soils that are used for cropping. These grade more or less from one into the other but nevertheless they are 2 well marked types. The best and most abundant potato soil, which occurs where the hard wood growth flourished, has been named by the United States De- partment of Agriculture’s Bureau of Soils as Caribou loam. This by imperceptable gradations shades off into a dark brown or gray soil where the land was originally covered with black growth (conifers). To this soil the name Washburn loam was given. The principal soil type is the well drained “Caribou loam.” This is the great potato soil of Aroostook County. Interspersing this is the poorly drained inferior “Washburn loam.” Originally these soils were similar in origin, but through the centuries of plant occupation they have become biologically different. One of the fundamental things in field agriculture is a knowledge of the soil that is being worked with. Much has been learned of Caribou loam from the experience of the men who have been cultivating it for a generation. Chemistry, soil physics, soil bacteriology and a study of the fungous organisms also contribute to the knowledge of this soil. But important as these sciences are, they chiefly serve to explain results ob- tained. There is one way—and only one way—to adequately Sor Test ExprertmMENT 1N 1918. 35 test a soil and learn its fertilizer needs. And that is by grow- ing the plants to be studied in the soil. After careful consideration of the difficulties and the ex- pense involved the Station Council decided that all things con- sidered there was no one thing that could be undertaken on Aroostook Farm better calculated to add to the knowledge of the permanent agriculture of the County than a long term ex- periment with fertilizers. The crops and the soil type were. easily decided upon. Potatoes, oats and clover are now and are likely to be for many years to come the 3 standing staple crops of the county. And Caribou loam is the best and most common type of soil of the county. Tuer PLAN OF THE EXPERIMENT. The investment of time and money was to be so large that 2 years of time looking over literature, consulting with the best soil experimenters by letter and by visits to their operations were used before the final plans were adopted. As these plans are necessarily a compromise and cannot include all that one could wish and as it is hoped that this investigation may extend over many years of time the considerations that led to the adoption of the plan are here given in considerable detail. The soil can be studied by growing plants in pots and under conditions where the growing conditions—moisture, shade, and the like—are under control or by growing the plants in the field. While there are many advantages in the greenhouse method, if only one of these methods can be employed, the advantages of growing the plants in the field offset its disad- vantages. In soil test experiments as heretofore conducted in this country and abroad the general plan has been to decide some- what arbitrarily the amount of plant food to be used per acre and then apply the ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash, each by itself, in combinations of 2, and finally all 3 combined in these fixed amounts upon the different plots. The great weak- ness in this plan is that one assumes at the start that the amounts of the ingredients decided upon are the amounts best adapted to the crop. A more logical method would be to apply each ingredient to different plots in varying amounts from none 36 MaIne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Station. 1919. up to a point far beyond the amounts that would be likely to prove beneficial. After careful consideration this plan was adopted THE TRIANGULAR DIAGRAM. The triangular diagram as suggested by Schreinmacher, which has been of great service to physical chemistry where both theoretical and practical consideration of percentage com- position of 3 component parts are concerned, has been adapted by Schreiner* to investigations in plant nutrition where it is desired to consider the 3 component parts, ammonia, phos- phoric acid and potash, of a fertilizer mixture. It is possible to represent graphically any possible combination of mixtures of these 3 component parts by the use of an equilateral tri- angular diagram, as shown in figure 7. iL] \/ i Fig. 7. The Triangular Diagram. *Oswald Schreiner, Bureau of Soils, U. S. Department of Agri- culture Bulletin 70, Botanical Gazette, Vol. 1, No. 1, and elsewhere. Soir Test Experiment In 1918. 37 The extreme points of the angles represent 100 per cent respectively of the ingredients ammonia (nitrogen) phosphoric acid (phosphorus) and potash (potassium). Obviously each side of the triangle can be divided into as many equal parts as may be desired. Schreiner in his work in the greenhouse with cultural solutions has been able to carry enough different combinations so as to divide the sides into tenths. That, how- ever, makes 66 different combinations which is a far larger number than we could carry in this field test. Each side, there- fore, is divided into fifths in the plan of the experiment here begun. And as explained beyond for the purpose of making the comparisons easier for the practical man familiar with usual fertilizer formulas, the 5-8-7 formula, which makes a total of 20 per cent of ammonia, available phosphoric acid and potash was used as a Starting point. Hence, in the diagram here shown the extreme points of the triangle represent 20 per cent instead of 100 per cent as used by Schreiner. Although the fertilizer mixtures are in reality based upon the percentages expressed in terms of ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash the symbols N, P, and K for the elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which are the characteristic elements of these 3 constituents, are used in lettering. Wherever N is used in diagrams or text it refers to ammonia in available form, P refers to available phosphoric acid and K to water soluble potash. - The relation of the plots to each other is clearly seen by following the lines on the triangle. The maximum phosphoric acid (P) is at the left lower angle, the maximum potash (K) at the right lower angle and the maximum ammonia (N) is at the top of the triangle. From these points the different ingredients diminish. On all of the horizontal lines the phos- phoric acid diminishes from left to right and the potash from right to left. On all of the lines inclined to the right the phos- phoric acid decreases from bottom to top and the nitrogen decreases from top to bottom. On all of the lines inclined to the left the potash diminishes from the bottom to the top and the ammonia diminishes from the top to the bottom. This plan calls for 21 plots. Obviously an indefinite num- ber of plots could be introduced. To graduate on a scale of tenths would give finer distinctions but would treble the plots 38 Maine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, over a division into fifths as shown in the illustration and as adopted in this experiment. In the scheme here adopted com- binations of the 3 fertilizers in the amounts indicated at the intersection of the lines were used. The actual percentage composition of the fertilizers are given in Figure 9 and others beyond. Obviously the plot at each apex and the 2 adjoining carries the maximum amount of ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash respectively, while the 6 central plots carry mixtures of all 3 constituents. 5 enclosed 1m A NS 3top V3 \\ 677 heavy triangle! \ Comp. 6 y 37 dotted , \ triangle Comp3, O \ e i e Y-7e-¥ \F-8-€ / L472 3 Tower pilots in heavy triangle Am 4 S enclosed 1n L PS 5 enclosed 77> KS SOE GETS 3 at right KI e e © e @ 0-20-0 0-76-4 0-72-8 0- §-72 0-4 SY6 e@ ¥-76-0 e 0-0-20 K Fig. 8. The Relation of the plots in Groups. Figure 8 shows diagramatically the relation of these plots in groups. The 5 plots enclosed in the A at the top of the figure are those in which ammonia predominates. The 3 plots nearest the top have the highest amounts of ammonia. In lke manner the 5 plots enclosed in the < at the left at the bottom of the figure are those in which available phosphoric acid is the leading constituent with the 3 highest nearest the angle. Included in the > at the right corner of the figure are those highest in potash. The 6 plots in the heavy triangle in the Sor, Test Experiment 1n 1918. 39 center of the figure contain all 3 of the ingredients and the 3 plots in the dotted triangle have them somewhat more nearly to ordinary percentages than do the others. While the 3 lowest plots in the heavy triangle have the ammonia in the amount that is fairly common in many high grade fertilizers. As noted in the figure for convenience of reference in the text, these groups are called N5, N3, P5, P3, K5, K3, Comp 6, Comp 3 and Am4. This plan and diagramatic arrangement makes comparative studies of the different combinations easier and more clearly shown than by any other method that has come to the attention of the writer. THE FERTILIZING MATERIALS. In the field experiments at Aroostook Farm with potatoes a 5-8-7 fertilizer or one that carrier 5 per cent of ammonia, 8 per cent of available phosphoric acid and 7 per cent of potash has been used at the rate of 1200 pounds per acre. The same formula at the rate of 300 pounds per acre is used when seed- ing to oats and at the rate of 150 pounds per acre as a top dressing on mowing fields. Obviously a 5-8-7 fertilizer carries 20 per cent of plant food. This amount of 240 pounds is ab- surdly high and it was, therefore, taken as a maximum in the scale so that on the diagram where ammonia is shown as 20 per cent it represents 240 pounds of ammonia. This amount of ammonia would be furnished by 4800 pounds of a 5-8-7 fertilizer. The ammonia is one-third in the form of ammonium ni- trate and two-thirds in the form of sulphate of ammonia. The phosphoric acid is in the form of acid phosphate. The potash is all water soluble and is being applied during the war in the form that can be obtained. In 1917 and in 1918 it was in the form of sulphate. The weights of ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash ap- plied to each plot when the crop is potatoes is shown in the table that follows. For the 1-40 acre plots these amounts are divided by 4o. These amounts are further reduced for application to oats by dividing by 120 and for application to grass by dividing by 240. 40 MaIne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT StaTIon. 1919. Application of Fertilizers Per Acre for Potatoes. Ammonia | Phosphorie Acid | Potash Treatment No. | I- 1 | 0 240 0 2 0 192 48 3 48 192 0 4 0 144 96 5 48 144 48 6 96 144 | 7 0 96 144 8 48 96 96 9 96 96 48 10 144 96 0 11 0 48 192 12 48 48 144 13 96 48 96 14 | 144 48 48 15 | 192 48 0 16 0 0 240 17 48 0 192 18 96 0 144 19 144 0 96 20 192 0 48 21 240 0 0 It was also desired to compare the usual potato formulas of 5-8-7 and 3-8-10 goods, insoluble phosphate rock in the form of finely ground floats with acid phosphate, and nitrogen in the form of dried blood and in tankage with the mineral nitro- gen used in the soil test. These 5 additional plots with 6 check plots increase the number of plots to 32. The ingredients for the several fertilizer mixtures are weighed out and thoroughly mixed by hand. To insure even distribution each lot and plot are subdivided into fourths for the application of the fertilizer on the oats and clover Series and into sixths (as there are 6 rows in each plot) in the po- tato Series. FIELD ARRANGEMENT OF PLOTS. It was thought that to overcome lack of uniformity in soil each plot should be in triplicate. This makes a total of 96 plots. As potatoes are the important cash crop of Aroostook County it seemed important that potatoes should be grown annually. As it was prohibitive to increase the number of plots much above 100 because of the cost of caring for a larger number, it was decided to grow the plots in a 3 year rotation of pota- toes, oats and clover. This plan not only gives a potato crop 41 Soi. Test Exprriment in 1918. ‘Pel Ul sjojd Jo juswesuelty 6 “SI eee) ‘FJIVINVL DHE De a ie aoo7@ a3IW0 @ ee a a re La, y ; BA me ey) 8g 99 p 9¢ ° HIFHI = 0-é/ (Ss 8 C. 6/ 8/ SERIES B 42 Matne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. each year but it makes the experiment better in that the effects of unfavorable weather conditions of any single year are mini- mized. ‘The field selected for the location of the plots contains about 5 acres. It is isolated from the other cultivated fields on the farm. It has a gentle slope toward the west. The plots are in 3 series: A, consisting of 33 plots, one extra check plot being added to this series, B, 32 plots and C, 32 plots. The several plots in each series are separated by pathways 33 inches wide running lengthwise and 36 inches wide running crosswise, while the different series are separated by roadways 6 feet in width, running lengthwise. The ar- rangement of the plots in the field is shown in Figure g on page 41. For convenience of reference the plots are numbered by row and by plot. Thus plot 11 is the first plot in the first row, while plot 36 is the sixth plot in the third row. | OUTLINE OF THE EXPERIMENT. The field was in potatoes in 1914 and fertilizer was used at the rate of 1500 pounds per acre of a 5-8-7 fertilizer. In 1915, it was seeded to timothy and oats. In 1915 the land where this soil test now is was used for a trial of a commercial bacterial culture for root tubercles on legumes. At seeding, the land where Series A and C now are received 5-8-7 fertili- zer at the rate of 500 pounds per acre. To Series B muriate of potash at the rate of 150 pounds per acre and acid phos- phate at the rate of 300 pounds per acre were applied. In 1916 no fertilizer was applied. The field was plowed shortly after cutting the grass in 1916. Early in the spring of 1917 the 97 plots required to carry on this experiment were surveyed, ecah plot being I rod wide by 4 rods long, or one-fortieth of an acre in area. The bounds are marked by permanent posts. In 1917 Series A was planted to potatoes, Series B was seeded to oats and clover, and Series C was in clover. In 1918 Series C was in potatoes, Series A seeded with oats and clover, and Series B was in clover. The full fertilizer application (see page 39) is used on the. Series where potatoes are the crop, one-fourth the full Sor Test Exprertmenr in 1918. 43 application is used on the Series in oats and one-eighth on the Series that are in clover. Tue 1918 YIELDS. The yield of oats and potatoes obtained in 1917 are given in Bulletin 269. The tabulated yields for 1918 follow. Sow Test Experiment. Series C Planted to Potatoes m 19168. The table shows the number of the plots, the yields per plot and the calculated yields per acre. Each plot is one rod by four. They are arranged in rows 9I-99, I0I-109, etc. Fertilizer was ap- plied at the rate of 1200 pounds per acre. Yield per Plot Yield per Acre Hundredweight Plo Fertil No. izer* Merchantable Culls Merchantable Culls Total Ibs. Ibs. 91 Check 254.5 23.5 101.8 9.4 111.2 92 0-16-4 250.0 33.0 100.0 13.2 113.2 93 4-4-19 354.5 31.0 141.8 12.4 154.2 94 12-4-4 320.0 33.0 128.0 B32 141.2 95 12-0-8 3386.5 19.5 184.6 7.8 142.4 96 Check 175.0 39.5 70.0 15.8 85.8 97 5-8-7 ; 282.5. - 45.0 113.0 18.0 1381.0 98 0-4-16 159.5 32.0 63.8 12.8 76.6 101 8-0-12 396.5 20.5 158.6 8.2 166.8 102 4-8-8 867.5 23.5 147.0 9.4 156.4 103 Cheek 196.0 29.0 78.4 11.6 90.0 104 16-0-4 291.0 29.5 116.4 11.8 128.2 105 4-81-8 326.5 26.0 130.6 10.4 141.0 106 0-8-12 196.0 41.0 78.4 16.4 94.8 107 20-0-0 202.0 33.5 80.8 13.4 94.2 108 Cheek 154.0 28.5 61.6 11.4 73.0 111 0-0-20 260.0 24.0 104.0 9.6 113.6 112 16-4-0 323.5 26.0 129.4 10.4 139.8 113 4-16-0 308.0 37.0 123.2 14.8 138.0 114 4-8-10 312.5 29.0 125.0 11.6 136.6 115 Check 238.5 23.0 95.4 9.2 104.6 116 0-20-0 170.5 41.0 f 68.2 16.4 84.6 121 42.8.8 332.5 27.5 1383.0 11.0 144.0 122 Check 251.0 25.5 100.4 10.2 110.6 123 12-8-0 392.0 29.0 156.8 11.6 168.4 124 8-12-0 338.5 38.0 135.4 15.2 150.6 125 8-8-4 346.0 35.0 138.4 14.0 152.4 1381 8-4-8 315.0 25.0 126.0 10.0 136.0 132 0-12-8 280.0 21.5 112.0 8.6 120.6 141 4-0-16 285.5 24.5 114.2 9.8 124.0 142 4-12-4 284.0 29.5 113.6 11.8 125.4 151 48-8-8 286.5 28.0 114.6 11.2 125.8 1Phosphorie acid in form of floats. Ammonia in form of dried blood. #%Am- monia/in form of tankage. 4The percentages of fertilizer are indicated in the order of ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash. Thus 0-20-0 means ammonia 0 per cent, available phosphoric acid 20 per cent and potash 0 per cent. Except as indicated otherwise in the footnote one-third of the ammonia is in the form of nitrate of soda and two-thirds as sulphate of ammonia; the phosphoric acid as acid phosphate and the potash in water soluble form. 44 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Sration. 1919. Soil Test Experiment. Series A Planted to Oats in rors. The table shows the number of the plots, the yields per plot and the calculated yields of oats per acre. Each plot is one rod by four. They are arranged in rows I-19, 21-29, etc. Fertilizer was applied at the rate of 300 pounds per acre. | Yield lbs. per Plot Yield per Acre Plot Fertilizer* No. 3 | | Grain Straw Grain 11 0-20-0 23.0 16.0 28.8 12 None 20.5 15.5 25.6 3 None 20.5 23.5 25.6 14 8-4-8 19.5 29.5 24.4 15 Check 16.0 23.0 20.0 16 12-0-8 20.0 19.0 25.0 17 0-4-16 AIG.) 19.0 21.3 18 4-12-4 10.0 19.0 12.5 19 0-8-12 9.0 10.0 10.0 Paks 4.81.8 22.0 42.0 27.5 22 | Check 20.0 24.0 25.0 93 | None 23.5 25.5 29.4 yi 0-0-20 15.5 20.5 19.4 25 | 4-4-12 14.5 16.5 15.0 26 | 8-8-4 13.5 22.5 16.9 27 Check 16.5 19.5 20.6 28 42.8.8 14.5 21.5 15.0 29 5-8-7 9.0 15.0 HH) 31 | 12-4-4 26.5 49.5 33.1 32 16-0-4 24.0 37.0 30.0 33 4-8-8 20.0 39.0 25.0 34 Check 18.0 21.0 22.5 Eb | 4-16-0 18.5 20.5 23.1 86 4-8-10 11.5 22.5 14.4 a | _ 4-0-16 17.0 32.0 21.3 38 12-8-0 17.0 32.0 21.3 39 0-16-4 9.0 15.0 11.3 41 Check 22.0 27.0 27.5 42 8-12-0 19.0 35.0 23.8 43 16-4-0 18.0 21.0 22.5 44 43-8-8 19.0 32.0 23.8 45 8-0-12 19.0 35.0 23.8 46 Check 14.0 20.0 17.5 47 0-12-8 11.0 10.0 13.8 48 20-0-0 23.0 51.0 28.8 49 Check 15.0 16.0 18.8 1Phosphoric acid in form of floats. 2Ammonia in form of dried blood. ®Am- monia in form of tankage. 4The percentages of fertilizer are indicated in the order of ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash. Thus 0-20-0 means ammonia 0 per cent, available phosphoric acid 20 per cent and potash 0 Der cent. Except as indicated otherwise in the footnote one-third of the ammonia is in the form of nitrate of soda and two-thirds as sulphate of ammonia; the phosphoric acid as acid phosphate and the potash in water soluble form. Sor Test Experiment In 1918. 45 Soil Test Experiment. Series B Planted to Clover m 1916. The table shows the number of the plots, the yields per plot and the calculated yields per acre. Each plot is one rod by four. They are arranged in rows, 51-58, 61-69, etc. Fertilizer was ap- plied at the rate of 150 pounds per acre. Plot No. Fertilizer* Yield per Plot—Lbs. Tons per Acre 51 : 2-0-0 83 1.66 52 0-12-8 88 1.76 53 Check 48 96 54. 8-0-12 387 74 5D 5-8-7 51 1.02 56 16-4-0 50 1.00 - 57 8-12-0 69 1.38 58 Cheek 26 52 61 12-8-0 79 1.58 62 4-0-16 64 1.28 63 4-81.8 47 .94 64 4-16-0 57 1.14 65 Check 61 1.22 66 4-8-8 79 1.58 67 16-0-4 57 1.14 68 12-4-4 43 86 71 4-810 - 68 1.36 72 Cheek 47 94 73 8-8-4 63 1.26 74 4-4-12 64 1.28 75 0-0-20 382 .64 76 0-16-4 76 1.52 77 Check 44 .88 78 42-8-8 29 58 81 4-12-4 80 1.60 82 0-4-16 49 .98 83 12-0-8 68 1.36 84 Check Slee 62 85 8-4-8 51 1.02 86 43-8-8 58 1.16 87 0-8-12 : 53 1.06 88 0-20-0 55 1.10 1Phosphorie acid in form of floats. 2Ammonia in form of dried blood. %Am- monia in form of tankage. 4The percentages of fertilizer are indicated in the order of ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash. ‘Thus 0-20-0 means ammonia 0 per cent, available phosphoric acid 20 per cent and potash 0 per cent. Except as indicated otherwise in the footnote one-third of the ammonia is in the form of nitrate of soda and two-thirds as sulphate. of ammonia; the phosphoric acid as acid phosphate and the potash in water soluble form. 46 Maine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Station. 1919, NOTES ON THE EXPERIMENT IN 1918. ~ Series A on which Maine 340 oats were planted and Series C on which potatoes were planted in 1918 were plowed in the fall of 1917. Series B clover plots remained from the previ- ous season’s seeding. The ingredients of the several fertilizer mixtures were carefully weighed and mixed by hand. Fertili- zer for oats and clover plots was applied broadcast while that for the potato plots was applied in the row. The clover plots were harvested August 6, and the hay weighed in the field, after curing. The seed sown was composed of equal quantities of Alsike and Red Clover. Not over Io per cent of the stand was red clover. Fertilizer was applied May 9. The fertilizer was applied to the oat plots on May g and planting was completed the same day. During the season some variation of color in the plants was noticed on the several plots. This, however, was not nearly so marked as observed on the potato plots. These plots were harvested on August 30. Fertilizer was applied to the potato plots on May 9g and planting was completed the same day. On June 19 the potato plants being about 6 inches in height, a heavy frost occurred freezing the vines to the ground. They did not fully recover from this set-back for the remainder of the season. The variation in color ranged from a very light green on the check plots and on the low nitrogen plots through a normal medium green on the plots carrying more or less balanced fer- tilizer, up to a very dark, deep green shade on the no-potash plots. The dark green color of the no-potash plots was so dis- tinct that these plots stood out in striking contrast to the re- maining plots. The plots were thoroughly sprayed with bor- deaux mixture during the season and no evidence of late blight was observed. The plots were harvested on September 23, 1918. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS. Although this is designed as a long term experiment and only after the accumulation of several years’ results can very definite conclusions be reached, it is interesting and instructive to make certain comparisons from year to year as the experi- ment proceeds. 3 Som Test Exprertment 1N 1918. 47 OATS. SERIES A 1918. The plots arranged in their relations to fertilizer used are shown in the following triangular diagram. ‘The yield of straw is omitted from the diagram but is given in the table on page 44. Diagram of Oat Soil Test Experiment ro1S. Series A. The top number above the * is the plot number. The numbers con- nected by the - show the fertilizer formula, applied at the rate of 300 pounds per acre. The letters N, P and K indicate the parts of the triangle where ammonia, available phosphoric acid and potash are re- spectively at their maximum amounts. The numbers below the * give the yield of oats per acre. The arrangement of the plots is shown by the diagram on. page N Highest Ammonia 48 20-0-0 Ss 29 43 32 16-4-0 16-0-4 > 23 30 38 31 16 12-8-0 12-4-4 12-0-8 bs BS * 21 33 5 42 26 14 45 8-12-0 8-8-4 8-4-8 8-0-12 * ES * * 24 17 25 24 5 18 33 Z 4-16-0 4-12-4 4-8-8 4-4-12 4-0-16 * 5 2k > * 23 13 25 15 21 11 39 47 19 iW 24 e202 0-16-4 0-12-8 0-8-12 0-4-16 0-0-20 * 2k * * 29 11 14 10 21 19 Highest Phos- Highest Pot- phorie Acid ash 15 22 27 34 41 46 0-0-0 0-0-0 0-0-0 0-0-0 0-0-0 0-0-0 * 2 * * * * 20 29 21 (a9) 28 18 49 29 36 21 28 44 0-0-0 5-8-7 4-8-10 4-818 4-8-8 AERTS 19 11 14 28 15 24 ‘Phosphoric acid in form of floats. *Ammonia in form of dried blood. °*Ammonia in form of tankage. 48 Marine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STation. 1919. In 1917 (See page 25 Bulletin 269) the yields were un- even largely because of the uneven stand due to seasonal causes. The yields were published but are meaningless as re- gards the effect of fertilizers. In 1918 the stands were fairly uniform and while not much can be learned from a single year’s results they are worthy of study. Grouped by the plots at the points of the triangle and by the center plots (See diagram page 38), the average yields are: ‘Bushels grain Three ammonia plots, N3 in diagram Ly, Five ammonia plots, N5 in diagram 26 Three available phosphoric acid plots, P3 in diagram 21 Five available phosphoric acid plots, P5 in diagram 20 Three potash plots, K3 in diagram 20 Five potash plots, K5 in diagram 19 Three center plots, Comp3 in diagram 22 Five center plots, Comp5 in diagram. 21 Three lower center plots, Am4 in diagram 18 Three left center plots, Phos acid side 21 Three right center plots, Potash side 24 Six check plots 23 Although as discussed below there seems to be an uneven- ness in the soil that was not expected when the test was begun, the above tabulation indicates clearly that ammonia (nitrogen) is the limiting factor in oat production as it was found to be in 1917 with potatoes on this Series. This is more clearly brought out in arranging the results,. as below, in the order of the ammonia (nitrogen) content. Six no ammonia plots 17 Five 4 per cent ammonia plots 19 Four 8 per cent ammonia plots " 22 Three 12 per cent ammonia plots 26 Two 16 per cent ammonia plots 27 One 20 per cent ammonia plot 29 The inference from the first tabulation given above that: phosphoric acid and potash had little influence on the yield is shown in the following tabulations for these elements. The series in the triangle that carried no ammonia are omitted since: Som Test ExperIMENT IN 1918. 49 ammonia (nitrogen) was the limiting factor and their introduc- tion would mask the effects of phosphoric acid and potash. Five no phosphoric acid plots 26 Four 4 per cent phosphoric acid plots 24 Three 8 per cent phosphoric acid plots 21 Two 12 per cent phosphoric acid plots 19 One 16 per cent phosphoric acid plot 23 Five no potash plots 24 Four 4 per cent potash plots 23 Three 8 per cent potash plots D5 Two 12 per cent potash plots 20 One 16 per cent potash plot 21 CLOVER. SERIES B, 1918. The clover plots (Series C) in 1918 were not harvested but were plowed under in the fall of 1917 in preparation for the 1918 plotato plots. Series B 1918 were seeded to clover with oats in the spring of 1917. A mixture of equal parts red clover and alsike clover were used. The crop of 1918 was composed of about g parts alsike to I part red clover. As indicated by the varying yields obtained on the check plots, factors such as stand, residual plant food, possible lack of lime etc., on some plots evidently had far more to do with the yield of clover than the fertilizers had. During the whole of the growing season the plots were apparently very uneven in stand, thrift and general appearance. On the check plots as well as the-plots that are fertilized fairly alike the yields have very little relation to the fertilizer used or the location of the plots in the field. The lowest yield on a chick plot was less than half that on the almost adjoining check plot. Clover is supposed to respond to mineral fertilizers rather than to am- monia, but the highest yield was from the plot carrying only ammonia in the added fertilizer and the lowest yield on any fertilizer plot was that to which potash was applied. The plots arranged in their relation to the fertilizer ap- plied are shown in the following triangular diagram. 50 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. Diagram of Clover Soil Test Experiment ror. Series B. The top number above the * is the plot number. The numbers con- nected by - show the fertilizer formula, applied at the rate of 150 pounds per acre. The letters N, P and K indicate the parts of the triangle where ammonia, available phosphoric acid and potash are re- pectively at their maximum amounts. The numbers below the * give the yield in tons per acre of field cured clover. The arrangement of the plots in the field is shown by the diagram on page N Highest Ammonia 51 20-0-0 * 1.66 6 67 16-4-0 16-0-4 * 1.00 1.14 1 68 8 12-8-0 12-4-4 12-0-8 * * * 1.58 .86 1.36 57 73 85 54 8-12-0 8-8-4 8-4-8 8-0-12 * * * * 1.38 1.26 1.02 74 64 81 66 74 62 4-16-0 4-12-4 4-8-8 4-4.12 4-0-16 1.14 1.60 1.58 1.28 1.28 88 6 52 87 82 75 0-20-0 0-16-4 0-12-8 0-8-12 0-4-16 0-0-20 1.10 1.52 1.76 1.06 .98 .64 iz K Highest Phos- Highest Pot- phorie Acid ash CuHEcK PLots 5S 58 65 72 He 8&4 0-0-0 0-0-0 0-0-0 0-0-0 0-0-0 0-0-0 .96 aby? 1222 .94 88 -62 SpecIAL ForRMULAS 55 71 63 78 86 5-827 4-8-10 AEB 28 ABER=8 428-8 * * * * * 1.02 1.36 .94 58 1.16 *Phosphoric acid in form of floats. *Ammonia in form of dried blood. “Ammonia in form of tankage. Sor. Test Experiment in 1918. 51 POTATOES I9I17 AND 1918. SERIES A AND C. Diagram of Potato Soil Test Experiment 1918. Series C. The top number above the * is the plot number. The numbers con- nected by the - show the fertilizer formula, applied at the rate of 1200 pounds per acre. The letters N, P and K indicate the parts of the triangle where ammonia, available phosphoric acid and potash are re- spectively at their maximum amounts. The numbers below the * give the yield in hundredweights per acre. The arrangement of the plots in the field is shown by the diagram on page N Highest Ammonia 107 20-0-0 > 112 104 16-4-0 16-0-4 k oe 140 128 123 94 95 12-8-0 12-4-4 12-0-8 * * * 6 141 143 124 125 131 101 8-12-0 8-8-4 8-4-8 8-0-12 2K fe sf 2K 151 152 136 167 113 142 102 93 141 4-16-0 4-12-4 4-8-8 4-4-12 4-0-16 * * *« * 5 138 125 156 154 124 116 92 132 106 98 111 0-20-0 0-16-4 0-12-8 0-8-12 0-4-16 0-0-20 85 113 121 95 77 114 P K Highest Phos- : Highest Pot- phorie Acid ash 91 96 103 108 115 122 0-0-0 0-0-0 0-0-0 0-0-0 0-0-0 0-0-0 se * ES k x * 111 86 90 73 105 110 97 aa 105 121 151 57 4-8-10 4-818 428-8 428-8 IL3}al 137 141 144 126 *Phosphoric acid in form of floats. “Ammonia in form of dried- blood. “Ammonia in form of tankage. 52 Maine AGRICULTURAL Experiment Station. 1919, The results for 1917 were given in detail in Bulletin 260. In 1918 the stand was even and other than the killing frost when the plants were about 6 inches high and from which they did not fully recover, the experiment was successful. The plots, Series C, 1918, arranged in their relations to fertilizer used are shown in the following triangular diagram. The plots showing the average yields in 1917 and 1918, arranged in their relation to the fertilizers used are shown in the following triangular diagram. Diagram of Potato Soil Test Experiment 1917 and rots. Series A and C. The numbers above the * and connected by the - show the fertilizer formula used each year and applied at the rate of 1200 pounds per acre. The letters N, P and K indicate the parts of the triangle where am- monia, available phosphoric acid and potash are respectively at their maximum amounts. The numbers below the * give the average yields per acre in hundredweights. N Highest Ammonia 20-0-0 K 123 16-4-0 16-0-4 * * 148 146 12-8-0 12-4-4 12-0-8 5, 154 143 8-12-0 8-8-4 oaae Ae BS *k 152 155 140 158 4-16-0 4-12-4 4-8-8 4-4-12 4-0-16 BS * * * * 142 128 165 156 127 0-20-0 0-16-4* O28 VRealZ Vo ora * * 95 113 108 93 89 115 P K (Highest Phos- Highest Pot- phoric Acid ash 0-0-0 0-0-0 0-0-0 0-0-0 0-0-0 0-0-0 * 2K * cS * * 5-8-7 4-8-10 Aegu8 428-8 =ag8g * * * * * 129 139 145 135 141 *Phosphoric acid in form of floats. *Ammonia in form of dried ‘blood. “Ammonia in form of tankage. ‘Omitting this plot for 1917. Som. Test ExpertMentT In 1918. 53 Grouped by the plots at the points of the triangle and by the center plots (See diagram page 36) the average yields are: Hundredweight per acre 1917 1918 1917-18 Three ammonia plots, N3 in diagram 157 121 139 Five ammonia plots, NS in diagram Pe OZ, 135 143 Three available phosphoric acid plots, P3 in diagram 103 112 108 Five available phosphoric acid plots, P5 in diagram 111 122 117 Three potash plots, K3 in diagram 115 105 110 Five potash plots, K5 in diagram IZ) 115 116 Three center plots, Comp3 in diagram 158 148 153 Six center plots, Comp6 in diagram 154 144 149 Three lower center plots, Am4 153 145 149 Seven check plots 109 96 103 There are uneven yields but the limiting effect of nitrogen is again shown in 1918. Its preponderance is shown by ar- ranging the results in the order of the ammonia in the fertili- zer mixtures. Hundredweight per acre 1917 1918 1917-18 No ammonia 5 plots* 101 101 101 Four per cent ammonia 5 plots 147 139 144 Eight per cent ammonia 4 plots 150 151 151 Twelve per cent ammonia 3 plots 152 150 Syl Sixteen per cent ammonia 2 plots 160 139 147 Twenty per cent ammonia 1 plot 151 94 123 *Omitting plot 39 for 1917. Average yield from plots carrying ammonia and potash and no phos- phoric acid in the fertihzer mixtures. . Hundredweight of potatoes 1917 1918 Average Average yield 4 plots 150 149 150 Average yield from plots carrying ammonia and phosphoric acid and no potash in the fertilizer mixtures. Hundredweight of potatoes 1917 1918 Average: Average yield 4 plots 146 141 144 The above tabulations show that omitting phosphoric acid from the fertilizer had no effect upon the yield, while omitting 54 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, the potash reduced the yield 6 hundredweight. This is in ac- cord with the results that have been obtained in the so-called no-potash experiments conducted the past 4 years on Cari- bou loam on Aroostook Farm. The application of as little as 30 pounds of potash per acre increased the yield about 20 per cent. The application of larger amounts gave no further in- crease. These results for the 2 years seem to warrant the tenta- tive conclusions that on Caribou loam on Aroostook Farm while nitrogen is the limiting fertilizing factor, a small amount of potash* is also needed to produce maximum yields. THE RESULTS FROM THE PLOTS ARE UNEVEN. The field selected for this soil test experiment was. care- fully considered before the soil test was begun. The first year the Station had the farm (1914) this field was in potatoes. Fifteen hundred pounds per acre of 5-8-7 fertilizer was used. The yield while not very large was apparently even over the whole piece. The next year it was seeded to oats and timothy. The yield of oats in 1915 and of timothy in 1916 seemed to be uniform over the piece. The field was plowed soon after haying in 1916 and the plots were laid out. It was hoped that a detailed soil survey would be made by the experts of the Federal Department of Agriculture. But such a study has not as yet been practicable. A preliminary survey that was made confirmed the opinion formed from the’ 3 crops that had been harvested by the Station as to its probable uniformity. Nothing was known of the treatment of the field prior to its purchase by the State. The former owner carried quite a num- ber of head of dairy animals and applied the manure to the land. This was applied in the convenient, but not from the standpoint of uniform application desirable, way of drawing into piles in the field and later distributing it. Such a practice *The fact is well known that during the past few years partial or almost entire crop failures have been experienced on certain other types of soil not only in Aroostook County but in other parts of Maine and the remainder of New England as well, where no-potash fertilizers have been used for potatoes. In Aroostook these crop failures due to lack of potash are almost wholly confined to the Washburn loam or closely related’ soils. Soir Test EXPERIMENT IN 1918. 55 -would make the supply of plant food uneven. But as this field was a long distance from the buildings and until the Sta- ‘tion took possession separated from the rest of the farm by a ‘run with a very bad road, it is not likely that great amounts of farm manure had been taken to this field. In Series A, with potatoes in 1917, the plots in the ninth row (19, 29, 39, and 49) gave low yields. Plot 19 is without nitrogen in the fertilizer. And with ammonia as the limiting factor a small yield would be expected. Plot 29 had a special mixture of 5-8-7 formula. Its yield was about 20 hundred- weight below what one would have expected. Plot 39 was also without ammonia in the fertilizer. During the whole sea- son of 1917 the plants on plot 39 had a discouraged look and the yield was even lower than that on the check plot 49. And the yield on this check plot was about 20 hundredweight be- ‘low the next lowest check plot and nearly 30 hundredweight below the average yield for the check plots. With 2 crops, one of potatoes and one of oats, on the ‘plots on Series A and with nitrogen the limiting factor in both ‘crops on this land, it is possible to draw some inferences as to the uniformity of the soil on the different plots from these yields. As the plots are numbered in rows from east te west by a row and plot number, thus plot 11, means row 1, plot 1, it ‘makes it that from south to north all the plots in which the figure 1 is the second figure in the plot number are in one row ‘or tier, and all the plots with 2 the second figure are in the next tier etc., (see diagram of field page 41). Hence the plots -can be considered in a south to north relation as well as an east to west. Plots treated with ammonia, phosphoric acid and ‘potash, and check plots and no ammonia plots occur in nearly every south and north tier. The yields from the fertilized plots and the check plots and those without ammonia in the ‘mixture are tabulated by tiers of plots and again by groups of 3 tiers in the table that follows. : The field slopes gradually from the east to the west. The ‘plots are numbered from east to west. Therefore the groups of plots in which the second figure is I is at the east side of ‘the field“and they progress toward the west until the last group -with 9 as the second figure is reached. It will be noted that 56 MatIne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. in the complete fertilizer plots and in the check and no am- monia plots when grouped by threes (rows 1 to 3, 4 to 6, and 7 to g) the yields are the largest at the east end and decrease pretty regularly toward the west. Although the resulting yields indicate that the field is not as uniform as it was hoped the experiment will be continued for at least another growing season. Table showing yields per rows of the plots that have complete fertilizer (ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash) and plots that carried no fertilizer or a fertilizer without am- mona. The yields of the potatoes m 1917 are given in hundredweights and of oats in 1918 im bushels per acre. | Complete fertilizer plots Checks and no ammonia plots | Crop Yields Crop Yields Tier NUM bers | Sees ee eee NIM ber plots | plots Potatoes Oats Potatoes Oats 1 2 158 31 1 105 29 2 ail 164 30 1 133 29 3 | 2 164 24 0 0 0 1to3 | 5 161 28 2 119 29 4 | 4 149 24 2 117 21 5 153 20 1 111 20 6 3 147 19 1 108 18 4to6 | 7 149 21 4 113 20 aj al 129 21 3 99 17 8 | 2 128 14 0 0 0 9 | il 126 11 2 86 15 1K) 4 128 15 5 94 17 | BULLETIN 279 THE VARIATION OF AYRSHIRE COWS IN THE QUANTITY AND FAT CONTENT OF THEIR MILK! RaymMonp Peart AND JOHN Rice MINER The present work has for its purpose a biometrical analy- sis of the normal individual variation in the milk flow and the fat content of the milk in Ayrshire cattle. The investigation was undertaken because of a strong con- viction that a fairly comprehensive knowledge of the normal variation of a character which is to be made the basis of in- heritance studies is essential if such study is to be critical. This viewpoint is entirely independent of any position which one may hold regarding the significance of different kinds of variation. As a matter of biological fact one never deals actually with one sort. of variation absolutely free. from the influence or effect of all others. For, even though we may be studying a discontinuous variation of strictly germinal origin and control, there will be, in the actual somatic expres- sion of this variation, a super-imposed fluctuating variation of non-germinal origin. These considerations become particularly significant when the character dealt with is one especially subject to environ- mental influences, in consequence of which the fluctuations assume highly significant proportions in relation to the under- lying germinal differences. Such characters are, for example, fecundity, fertility, and, to a marked degree, milk production in cattle. Any milk or fat record represents the result of the action of a complex of factors, of which those classed broadly as environmental certainly play a very important part. To arrive at any sound conclusions regarding the inheritance of these characters it will be essential to form some sort of judg- ment as to the proportionate parts which genetic and environ- ‘This paper is a resumé of an extensive technical paper with the same title published in the Journal of Agricultural Research. 58 MatIne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, mental factors play in the production of particular, individual records. It seems perfectly clear that a prerequisite to any- thing approaching a sound basis for such a judgment is a thorough analytical study, with the best of biometric tools, of the normal variability of milk and fat production. MATERIAL The present study is based on the records of Ayrshire cattle published in the Reports of the Ayrshire Cattle Milk Records Committee of Scotland, compiled by Speir and Howie.’ Portions of the very valuable records gathered by this Com- mittee have been used by other students of the problems of milk production, notably Wilson, Pearson, and most recently Vigor. : The reports under consideration include, so far as it is possible to get the information, the following items: 1. Total milk produced (in gallons). 2. Average percentage of fat, determined from periodic 3. Total milk calculated to a 3 per cent fat basis. 4. Weeks in milk. 5. Age of. cow. 6. Date of last calving. 7. Miscellaneous information about the cow, particularly of abnormal circumstances of any sort during the test. In the present study all available records from the 1908 and 1909 Reports have been used, if they came within the fol- lowing regulations which we established in order to secure critical material for variation study. a. The record must be complete in all particulars, (1. e., cover items I to 6 in the list above). b. The record. must be based on 32 or more weeks in milk. c. There must be nothing of an abnormal or unusual na- ture about the cow or the lactation, so far as dis- coverable from the records. *It is a great pleasure to acknowledge, with grateful thanks, the kindness of Mr. John Howie of Ayr, Scotland, the Secretary of the Milk Records Committee, in furnishing a set of the Committee’s Re- ports for this investigation. de VARIATION IN THE MiLK or Ayrsuire Cows 59 The two characters dealt with ‘itr this study are (a) aver- age milk yield per week in gallons, and (b) average fat per- centage. ‘The values for the former were obtained by dividing the total yields as given in the Reports by the weeks in milk. The fat percentage figures were taken directly from the Re- ports. The ages were taken as centering at the mid-point of each year. That is, for example, all cows recorded at 3 years or more in age, but less than 4 years were put in the 3-year class in the tables of the present paper. A 3-year old hence is to be taken as including anything between 3 and 4 years. THE CoMPARATIVE VARIABILITY OF Mitxk PropucTION _ Milk production is essentially a physiological character. It is a matter of some interest and significance to examine the variability of the character in comparison with other physiolog- ical characters, and also with some that are more strictly mor- phological, as, for example, bone measurements. Such com- parisons may be made through coefficients of variation. It must, however, always be kept clearly in mind just what a coefficient of variation is, and care must be taken to avoid drawing too sweeping or even entirely unjustified conclusions from comparison of these constants. What the coefficient of variation measures is the percentage which the “scatter” or variation exhibited by a distribution as measured by the stan- dard deviation, is in the mean of the character varying. For some purposes this percentage is meaningless. In Table 1 (page 62) are given coefficients of variation for a number of characters for purposes of comparison with milk yield. The coefficients are arranged in order of descend- ing magnitude. This table brings out the well-known fact, which has been discussed in some detail by Pearl, Gavin, and others, that, in general, physiological characters exhibit high coefficients of variation as compared with strictly morphological characters. Characters which are intermediate in their quantitative deter- mination, as, for example, the length of the egg in the domestic fowl, give coefficients of variation intermediate in value. Pure- ly physical characteristics which are usually regarded by physi- cists and chemists as “constants,” such as the specific gravity of eggs, show very low coefficients of variation. 60 Matne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Station. 1919, It is of interest to compare the coefficients of variation for total yield and absolute amount of fat in the mixed milk of a large herd with those for milk yield as discussed in the present paper. It is seen that the former are about 9, whereas the co- efficients for milk yield give values of about 17 to 25, depend- ing upon whether cows of all ages or of a single age are con- sidered. In the case of secular variation in the amount of quality of the mixed milk of a large herd, individuality of the animal as a source of variation is entirely eliminated. The observed variation must there be due to the combined action of all the external environmental influences which affect in greater or less degree the milk yield of every cow. On the other hand, the constants of variation for milk yield determined in this paper are based upon the diversity or variation exhibited among a large number of different cows in respect of weekly yield. Here one primary factor in the causa- tion of the observed variation must be the individuality of the animal in respect of milking ability. By individuality in this sense is meant the genotype of the individual with regard to the character named. But in the causation of the variation in milk yield as here discussed there must be involved the com- bined influence of the individuality of the animal plus that of all the environmental factors which act in producing variation in the mixed milk of the herd, since each of these causes in- fluence every individual animal while it is making its individ- ual record. It is, therefore, possible to make comparison here between observed variations (as measured by the coefficient) due, on the one hand, to environmental influences alone, and, on the other hand, to genotypic differences plus environmental influ- ences. The differences should represent that part of the ob- served variation due to genotypic differences. The figures as they stand suggest that roughly about one half of the variation (measured by the coefficients of varia- tion) in milk yield results from the varying genotypic individ- uality of the animals in respect of this character, and the other half results from the varying external circumstances to which cows are subjected during lactation and which have an effect upon the flow of milk. Or, to put the matter in another way, VARIATION IN THE MILK or AYRSHIRE Cows 61 if the conclusion just stated were true it would mean that if a large number of cows were placed in environmental circum- stances which were at once ideal and uniform we should ex- pect the variation exhibited in milk production to be roughly about one-half of that which we actually find when we meas- ure this variation under ordinary circumstances. In the case of fat content of milk, individuality has clear- ly much more to do with determining variation. Here the effect of the environment is extremely small. TABEE 1. Coefficients of Variation for Various Characters. (English males) | Specific gravity of egg (Domestic fo Cocfficient of Authority Characters Variation Number of children, per family 48.41 Powys (New South Wales) Area of comb (Domestic fowl!) et 39.97 Pear! and Pearl Weight of splesn (English males) 38.21 Greenwood Size of litter (Mouse) 37.50 Weldon Lambs per birth (Sheep) 35.78 Pearl Dermal sensitivity (English males) 35.79 Pearson Annual egg production (Domestic fowl) 34.21 Pearl and Surface Size of litter (Poland-China swine) 27.41 Surface Size of litter (Duroc-Jersey swine) 26.09 Surface Milk yield (Total lactation) 25.78 Gavin Milk ‘yield (Daily average) 25.72 Gavin Fecundity* (Horse) 24.77 Caleulated from data of Pearson Heart weight (English males) 22.22, Greenwood and Brown Weight of kidneys (English males) 21.05 Greenwood and Brown Weight of liver (English males) . 29.82 Greenwood and Brown Swiftness of flow (English males) 19.40 Pearson Body weight (English males) { - 18.91 Gresnwood and Brown Rev. maximum daily milk yie!d (For 17.998 Gavin given age) ; | Weekly Milk Yield (Ayrshire cattle) 17.08 \This paper Breathing capacity (English males) 16.60 Pearson Strength of pul! (English males) 15.00 |/Pearson Weight of shell of egg (Domestic fow!) 13.86 |Curtis Body weight (Domestic fowl) 12.66 |Curtis Weight of albumen of egg (Domestic 12.27 Curtis fowl) Length of red blood corpuseles 11.85 Pearson 4 (Bufo tadpoles) Weight of yolk of egg (Domestic fow)) 11.31 |Curtis Amount of fat in mixed milk 9.68 Pear! (Daily fluctuations) Yield of mixed milk (Daily fluctuations) 9.05 {Unpublished data in this | laboratory Fat percentage of milk. (Ayrshire) 8.81 This paper Weight of egg (Domestic fow!) 8.36 Pearl and Surface Brain weight (Bavarian males) 8.12 Pearl Length of forearm (English males) 5.24 |Pearson and Lee Length of femur (French males) 5.95 |Pearson Length of egg (Domestic fowl) 4.24 Pearl and Surface Stature (English males) 3.99 {Pearson and Lee Horizontal circumference of skull 2.87 |Macdonell Pearl and Surface __ *Fecundity here means the fraction which the actual number of offspring aris- ing from a given number of coverings is of the possible number of offspring under the circumstances. | 62 MaIne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. Tue RELATION OF MILK AND Fat PRODUCTION TO AGE With the analyzed variation data furnished by this study, it is possible to consider the problem of the changes in milk production per unit of time and in mean fat percentage, with advancing age of the cow. The great importance of a thorough and comprehensive knowledge of these relationships, if one is to make any adequate investigation of the inheritance of milk and fat production is sufficiently obvious. It is a perfect- ly well known fact, incorporated in all rules for advanced reg~- istry of dairy cattle, that milk production does change with age, and to a marked degree. Until investigations on this sub- ject were undertaken in the Biological Laboratory of the Maine Station some years ago it has always been assumed by those (such as advanced registry officials) who have had to deal with the problem that the changes of milk production with age were linear up to “mature” age, usually taken as 5 years, and that after that time there was no further change with advancing age. How far wrong such an assumption is will be shown below. It was pointed out four years ago by Pearl in a preliminary paper based on calculations then com- pleted that the fundamental law of change with milk flow with age is logarithmic.* Let us now examine the facts for Ayrshires, considering first mean weekly yield. The mean weekly yields in gallons for the combined distributions from age 2 to age 16 inclusive are exhibited in Table 2. The calculated values are those given by a logarithmic curve, of which the equation is y = 12.4766 + .6146% — .03664#7 + 3.6641 log “ where y denotes mean weekly yield in gallons and wx age in years, taking origin from 1 year. It is very evident from Table 2 that the change here is logarithmic. No better agreement between observation and theory than that here shown could be expected. The law of change may be stated in words in the following way. In these Ayrshire cattle the absolute amount of milk produced per unit of time increases with the age of the cow until a maximum is *See Bulletin 262 this Station. ' VARIATION IN THE MiLtk or AYRSHIRE Cows 63 reached, but the amount of increase diminishes each year with advancing age until the absolute maximum of production is reached. After the time of maximum productivity the absolute production per unit of time decreases with advancing age, and by a continually increasing amount. AMBIEN, Comparison of observed mean weekly yields at different ages with those calculated on the assumption that the change is logarithmic Age in years” Observed mean weekly Calculated mean weekly yield yield 2 13.610 13.055 3 13.841 14.656 4 15.230 15.730 5 16.463 16.544 6 17.470 17.183 7 18.049 17.684 8 18.260 18.067 9 18.556 18.344 10 18.738 18.524 litt » 18.111 18.610 12 18.457 18.608 13 18.750 18.519 14 17.950 18.346 15 18.131 18.071 16 17.875 17.754 With the equation relating to mean weekly yield and age in hand we may consider the important problem of the age at which milk production is at a maximum in these cows. To get an answer to this question we have obviously only to equate a to zero and solve for #. We have dy 1.5913 OA OO A277 ee dx ao When dy == = 0, we have 4% = 10.4720 Or, we may say that in the large group of cows here dealt with the maximum rate of milk production per unit of time is only reached when the cow is 11) years old. 64 Maine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. Turning next to the relation of fat percentage to age we have the essential data exhibited in Table 3. PAB ICE Hes: Mean fat percentage at different ages Age in years Observed mean fat Calculated mean fat percentage percentage 2 8.852 3.862 3 3.903 3.827 4 3.775 3.793 5 3.716 3.759 6 3.685 3.725 7 3.691 3.690 8 3.664 3.656 9 3.636 3.622 10 3.600 3.607 11 3.629 3.604 12 3.599 3.601 13 3.606 3.598 14 3.592 3.595 15 3.500 3.593 16 3.662 3.590 From an examination of the observed figures it appears. that in general the fat percentage tends to decline with advanc- ing years of age until the tenth year is reached. From that point on, allowing for chance fluctuations and the fact that the numbers dealt with get progressively smaller, the fat per- centage appears to remain about constant for the rest of the cow’s milking life. Consequently, it has seemed best to break the curve at the Io year point and fit the two parts separately, each with a straight line. The resulting figures are given in the “calculated” column of Table 3. The equations to the two lines are as follows, the fitting having been done by the method of least squares. From 2 to 10 years of age: y = 3.896 — .03434¥ From 10 to 16 years of age: y == 3.610 — .00284% BULLETIN 280 APPLIANCES AND METHODS FOR PEDIGREE POULTRY BREEDING AT THE MAINE STATION. Joun W. Gowen. This bulletin is largely a reprint and compilation of Bul- letins No. 159 and 165 with the similar titles which are now out of print, by Raymond Pearl and Frank M. Surface. The appliances and methods now in use are those which the experi- ence of these men have found most worthy of perpetuating and in addition the new practices and apparatus which the further years of experience have found advantageous in pedigree poul- try breeding. Since the time of the publication of the previous bulletin on this subject the growth and demand for pedigree stock has so increased that little argument is required to convince the live poultryman that an accurate and trustworthy pedigree sys- tem for the birds in his flock is a business proposition. ‘The technical problems that arise in the arrangement of the system for pedigreeing often seems to be quite intricate and complex. In its breeding work the Station has a working solution of some of these technical problems that appear to have the ad- vantages of accuracy, simplicity and completeness. Since these methods have proved to be useful in actual practice and are in considerable demand, it seems desirable to revise and republish them for the benefit of other breeders who wish to keep exact pedigrees. OUTLINE OF STEPS-TO BE FOLLOWED. -In order that a concrete idea may be gained of the nature of the technical problems which present themselves in pedigree breeding work with poultry, it may be well to trace the opera- tions which demand attention in the production of a chicken = ea 66 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. of known ancestry. First it is necessary to have a system of bookkeeping for keeping the pedigree records proper, which shall be accurate, easy of reference, and simple enough to be operated rapidly so that it can withstand the stress involved in the recording of 500 or 600 chickens all hatching at the same time (page 68). The appliances on which the pedigree system depends for its Operation must first include a device to record on each egg the number of the hen which laid the egg. This record coupled with a knowledge of the male bird kept in the breeding pen with the hen which laid the egg in question gives the first step in the knowledge of the ancestry of the chick (page 68). But in order to get an exact record of the hen which lays a particu- lar egg it is necessary to resort to the use of trap nests. The first technical problem which presents itself in pedigree poul- try breeding is then to get a trap nest which shall be as nearly as possible ideal (page 77). Having made a record of the egg the next problem is that of properly storing the eggs laid by the different hens until such time as a sufficient number shall have accumulated to fill an incubator. It is not only highly desirable but almost abso- lutely necessary that the eggs originating from different mothers should be kept separate from the time they are laid so that at any time all the eggs which have come from a given mother since the last date of incubation may be found together. This requires an egg distributing table in which the eggs can be mechanically turned all together (page 77). Arriving at the actual incubation there presents itself’ in all pedigree poultry breeding work the matter of keeping the eggs originating from a given mother and the chicks which hatch from them together in the incubator so that the pedigree of the chicks at the time of hatching may be accurately re- corded. This means that some sort of a device must be per- fected for holding individual eggs and chicks of the same an- cestry together in the incubator, and separate from all others (page 82). After the chicks are hatched it is necessary to give each individual a distinguishing mark which will be a reference to the records, wherein will be told its parentage. This necessi- PrEpIGREE PouLtry BREEDING. 67 tates methods of expeditiously and accurately handling chick leg bands (page 84). The methods and appliances which have been devised in connection with the breeding work at the Maine Station bear upon each of ‘the matters enumerated at one point or another The remainder of the bulletin is devoted to detailed descrip- tions of these methods and devices. Ea Vi On KEEPING PEDIGREE RECORDS: There are probably as many systems of keeping pedigree records as there are breeders who are interested in such rec- ords. Each breeder’s particular interests or needs lead to the adaptation of records to meet these needs. There is reason to believe, however, that not a few breeders keep their pedigree records in so unsystematic a manner, that on the one hand, a great deal of time and labor is lost in tracing pedigrees and in entering new, and, on the other hand, there is great likeli- hood of error occurring in the records themselves because of the unwieldy character of the method by which they are kept. All will agree that the thing to be desired in such a system of records is that any given pedigree or step in a pedigree may be looked up or entered with the least possible expenditure of time and labor and the greatest possible accuracy. The sys- tem of record keeping in use in the breeding work here is thought to realize this ideal very well. It has been, tested under conditions calculated to put any record system under the sever- est kind of strain and has stood the test satisfactorily. Its simplicity is its great recommendation. GENERAL Potnts REGARDING PEDIGREE RECORDS. For keeping the pedigree records in the breeding work of the Station the loose leaf system has been adopted as best for this work. All records are kept on sheets of uniform size (5 x 8 inches) which are readily removed or inserted in a patent type of binder which is used. In keeping the records, sheets of different colors are used for different specific classes of data. For example, the mating sheets (cf., p. 69 below) 68 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. are printed on orange paper; incubator records on pink paper; autopsy records on blue paper, and so on. ‘This point of us- ing different colored sheets for different parts of the records is a valuable aid in quickness of reference. It will be noted in the account of the system of record keeping which follows that an effort is made at every possible point to make the numerical features of the records run in continuous series. . Consequently all. bands are bought from the manufacturer stamped consecutively from one up to the number desired. Im connection with the matter of consecutive numbers it may be said that in keeping the breeding and egg records in the work here, an automatic numbering machine has been found to be an extremely valuable mechanical aid. Tuer Martine SHEET. The fundamental starting point of the present system of records, is the use of what will be spoken of throughout as “mating number.” The idea is this: When a particular hen and cockerel are put together in a mating pen there is given to the mating so formed an arbitrary number called the mating number. While these mating numbers are perfectly arbitrary they are taken consecutively for reasons of convenience re- ferred to in the preceding section. The mating number itself gives no statement of the pedigree but it forms one element of an index wherewith the pedigree can be very quickly and easily looked out.. At the time when the mating is made up and the mating number is assigned, there is prepared a mating sheet so-called, which is shown in Figure 10 somewhat re- duced. The purpose of this mating sheet is to show in one place the individuals which comprise a given mating and all the progeny which arise from that mating. The mating sheet might with equal propriety be called a “family sheet” since it would include in a human pedigree records of a given pair of parents and all their children. Similarly the mating number might be called the “family number.” It corresponds to the family name in a human family for a single generation. It differs from a family name in that it is not transmitted either PEDIGREE PouLtry BREEDING. 69 through male or female lines. Instead every new mating re- ceives a new mating number. o No. PARENTAGE OMEN DATE MATING NO. PEN NO. Chick | Adult |_| | Hatch. .»|| Band No. | Band No. | Sex | Hatched Matings ing Remarks & | Weight F=| | nm | a Rete A Az] ~ ——— eee = | aera —— = | | = | » a flere RQ 2 annie Tecra seal 2 K — poe B)]. } _|.-—_ ——— —— —— an | < pee Se ee o & ae Soe s = amass Seas NOTES ON MATING Fig. 10. Facsimile of mating sheet, reduced. With the general idea of the purpose of mating numbers in mind the significance of the arrangement of the mating sheet as shown in Figure Io is plain. At the top of the sheet there is placed the “Parentage ;” that is, the designating band numbers of the two individuals that compose the mating which is char- acterized in the records by the mating number at the upper right hand corner of the sheet. For convenience an arbitrary rule is made to put the band number of the male bird above that of the female. The date at the top of the sheet is the date at which the mating was made; that is, it is the date on which the two mated birds were put together in the mating pen. There is also placed at the top of the sheet the number of the pen in which these mated birds were kept. Below the horizontal double line on the mating sheet the space is devoted to the progeny which arise from the mating. In the first column is put the chick band number of each chick hatching from this mating. As has been previously pointed out the arranging the 70 Matne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, bands on the wire makes them come in numerical order. The second column provides space for the insertion of the adult band numbers for such of the chicks coming from the mating as are kept over as adult birds, either for egg record tests or, in the case of cockerels for breeding purposes. In the .third column is recorded the sex of each chick as soon as it can be determined. In the fourth column is placed the date of hatch- ing of each chick. This column is of the proper width to take the ordinary band dating stamp. The fifth column which is headed “Matings” on the sheet is intended to contain a very important part of the pedigree records. In this column are inserted the mating numbers of those matings into which each individual may in its adult life enter. Through the mating numbers in this column the con- nection is made between the parent individuals at the top of the page and all their grandchildren and progeny farther re- moved. An example will illustrate how this is done: Suppose that an individual having an adult band number 244 has the number 622 in the column heading “Matings.” This will sig- nify that to look up the records of the offspring of bird No. 244 one must turn to mating number 622. On.that mating sheet will be found a record of all the immediate offspring of this bird arising from the particular mating 622. But the par- ents of bird 244 are given on the sheet where 244 itself appears as a chick and as an adult. Hence, there is formed a direct connection in the records between all the individuals in a line of descent. All ramifications: 7f a pedigree may be followed with ease, and very quickly. ¢he mating numbers inserted in the column headed “Matings” are inclosed in brackets. In the last column headed “Remarks” are put brief notes of a miscellaneous character, such as references to autopsy records and the like. In addition to the mating sheet just described it is often desirable to make out also for each mating on an ordinary hori- zontal ruled sheet of the same size punched to go into the same note books a general account of the mating with a statement of the specific purpose for which this mating was made. This record should include all pertinent data regarding the mating. The sheet on which this record is made should have the mat- ing number placed in the upper right hand corner. PepiGree Pouttry Breede. 7s| DESCRIPTIVE .CATALOG OF BREEDING STOCK. Certain other information although not absolutely neces- sary is of considerable aid in looking up a pedigree. The first ‘sheet should contain the following information. 1. The mating number of the mating from which the bird to which the sheet pertains originated. 2. All mating numbers of matings into which this bird as an adult enters. 3. The chick band number of the bird. A. A description of the bird, This will vary in extent and in character with the purpose for which the bird is used as a breeder. This sheet may be made a part of the egg record as these sheets for ease in handling must be filed in this way. An egg record so arranged is shown in Fig. 11 page 74 with a further description of its use. INDICES. Besides the two kinds of record sheets already described— the mating sheet and descriptive catalog sheets—there is neces- sary in the system of pedigree records here described only Ome other type of record... It is necessary for the most con- venient operation of the system (though not for its complete- ness or accuracy) that there be prepared certain indices. The underlying reason which makes these indices necessary is that it is most simple and convenient to find any desired point in a set of figures if those figures are arranged in consecutive order. It is therefore desirable, or indeed necessary, that a person approaching these pedigree records from any point—whether chick, adult bird or mating—should find the numerical desig- nations of the individuals in the class with which he starts ar- ranged in consecutive order, with proper cross references to the other classes. To attain this result it is necessary to have the following indices. 1. The “mother-mating” index. On this index which oc- _cupies a single foolscap sheet and is fastened to a board to fa- cilitate handling in the incubator cellar, the band numbers of all the hens in the breeding pens (potential “mother” hens) 72 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. are arranged in columns in consecutive order. In parallel col- umns there is set down over against each hen’s number the number of the mating to which she is a party. This index is used when the pedigreed chickens are leg banded after hatch- ing. Each egg from the breeding pens is marked when gathered with the number of the hen which laid it. When the eggs from any given hen are set in the incubator the tag on the end of the pedigree basket (cf., p. 83) is marked with the hen’s (1.e., the mother’s) number. After hatching when a basket containing chickens is taken from the incubator for the band- ing this mother’s number is looked out on the index at a glance, and the corresponding mating number tells at once where to open the book containing the mating sheets in order to enter the band numbers of the chickens. With the aid of this index sheet one person can enter chick records approximately as fast as two persons can band the chickens. 2. The “chick-adult-mating” index. In this index all chick band numbers are arranged in columns in consecutive order, on sheets of note book size 5” by 8”. In parallel col- umns there is’ space provided in which to set over against each chick band number (a) the adult band number of the same in- dividual and (b) the mating number of the mating from which that individual originated. The need for this index is as fol- lows: Suppose one picks up a chick on the range with a par- ticular band number and desires to know its pedigree. The question which immediately presents itself is: “What was the mating number of the mating from which this chick arose?” It obviously would be a great task to hunt through all the mating sheets until one came upon this chick band number. But if there is arranged an index in which the chick band numbers are arranged in consecutive order, and having in parallel col- umns the mating number of the mating from which each chick arose it will clearly be possible to turn very quickly to the mat- ing sheet corresponding to any individual chick number. Hav- ing the proper mating sheet in hand it is the simplest of mat- ters, as has been shown above, to trace the entire pedigree. The mating numbers in this index are most conveniently entered at the time of hatching. The adult numbers are entered when the bands are changed. It will be seen that, with these indices and the mating sheets described above, from whatever stand- PepicrREE Pouttry BREEDING. TE; point one approaches the records with the desire of looking out the pedigree of any bird the task will be found easy. If one starts with the chick to look up the pedigree the point of departure is the “chick-adult-mating” index. This index refers to the proper mating sheet. If one starts from an adult bird either the “adult mating” index or the descriptive catalog refers egain to the proper mating number. The mating sheets them- selves are arranged in the book in consecutive order so that to turn to a given mating sheet is no more trouble than to turn to any given page of a book. SUPPLEMENTARY RECORDS. THE EGG RECORD. The simplicity and broad scope of this pedigree system enables any number of special records to be hung on it, with a knowledge that the record of any individual hen may be easily found. The egg record sheet is perhaps the most im- portant of these special sheets, both because of its practical appeal and because it is in truth the “adult number” index as these sheets are filed according to this adult and contain the other index numbers (chick, breeders and mating). This sheet shown in Figure 11 has the following features ai the top of the page; (1) a complete record of the house and pen in which the bird is found; (2) the age and variety of the bird; (3) the bird’s chick band number (see p. 84); (4) the original pullet number; (5) the bird’s adult number at the right corner of the page by which the sheets are arranged; (6) the mating number that produced this bird. The middle of the sheet is taken up with the complete year record for the egg pro- duction of these birds divided conveniently to get the totals of the different cycles. The bottom of the page contains the per- tinent data as to the bird itself. 33q [eulouqy—Vv Pved—d AIS—G Ue}ve SssqY—YA yssu UO—N SSouIPOOIG IAQO—O Apooig—q Sse [[vuig— — WIOA eqnodg — ssq UsfOlg—xX LHDIAM\ AdOg XUN] SNIdaaUg MGHLV A 8. YaHLVL MAHLOW 8S, ACHLV ISHS), AUMNOLSIH YSNIGHHYA MAHL UIHLV §,aHLOW YAHLOW S,AGHLOW uaHLOW GWVO HOLHM JO LOO YNILVIT | “LOO | “Lda | | OAV XTNE | ANOLE | AVN ‘Ud V Maine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. ‘ON IVNISIYO ‘ON waaaaUg QNILVJY 30 LQ ‘ON ONVG ‘ON Nag ‘ON aSNOFT In facsimile. Egg record sheets. ale ‘SGUODAA DOA—‘uoneig ydxq ‘osy sure Fig. PepicreE Pouttry Breepdina. 75 4 THE HOUSE EGG RECORD. For convenience it is often advisable to have house sheets — for recording the laying record for the birds in the house dur- ing that week. These sheets are 814” x 1534” size and accom- modate 30 birds. They have a 2” margin on the left for bind- ing. The heading and arrangement of columns on one of these house sheets are shown in facsimile (reduced) in Fig. 12. House No.------- MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION D—Dead DAILY Eag REcorp S—Sick JEM, INO pss i B—Broody YEAR LETTER R—Returned W/E OWC N= heen Y O—Released Week Beginning M—Moult Begun X—Broken Egg Bird | Sun- |Mon-| Tues- | Wednes- | Thurs-| Fri- | Satur- Num- | day | day day day day day day Fig. 12. Facsimile of weekly house egg record sheet. Reduced. The additional columns at the right of this sheet are for inserting notes. At the bottom of the sheet lines are provided for eggs laid on the floor, and for daily totals. The band num- bers of the birds are put iti on these sheets with a hand num- bering machine. 70 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. INCUBATOR RECORDS. When pedigreed eggs are set in incubators it is advisable that a record regarding the eggs put in should be kept. These records are made on sheets of the sort shown in Figure 132. Incubator No. Quadrant No. In Ineubator Hatched Tested | | | | Mother |Eggs| Mat- || Infer- | Died }| Died Pipped Hatehed | Remarks In | ing || tile Early | Late | Expt. Stat—INOUBATOR RECORD. Maine Agric. Fig. 13. Incubator record sheets. In facsimile, reduced. At the top of these incubator records are placed the fol- lowing data: The number of the incubator; the date on which the eggs were put in; the date on which they hatched, and the date or dates when they were tested. Below the double hori- zontal line one horizontal line is given to the eggs from each breeding hen whose eggs go into that particular incubator. In the first column is recorded the mother’s band number; in the next column the number of eggs from that hen which go into the incubator. In the next two columns are recorded the num- Prepicree Pouttrry Breepina. Tih ber of eggs from that hen which prove to be infertile or, being fertile, produce embryoes which die before hatching. In the next column is given the number of chicks which hatch from the given lot of eggs. Finally, in the column headed “Mating” is recorded the mother’s mating number. It will be seen that this at once connects the incubation records with the rest of the pedigree record system. In the final column is left a space for notes of a character not otherwise provided for on the sheet. It will of course be apparent that the incubator records here discussed are quite distinct from those which have to do with the performance of the incubator in regard to tempera- ture, humidity and the like. Such records are not peculiar to pedigree breeding work and consequently will not be discussed in this paper. TISUS, MLAUUINGTES, SIN ARTIONIN, » TARVANIE INAS Sa The first essential for the pedigree system (page 67) is a trap nest to record on a particular egg the number of the mother from which it came. The trap nest used throughout the laying house at this Station is the same as that installed in 1908. Experience has shown this nest very satisfactory. As this nest has been described in the bulletin “Poultry Manage- ment at the Maine Station” and also in a special circular it dées not seem worth while to describe it here. Should the reader not have either of these bulletins a special circular giving a complete description of this nest may be had on request. EGG DISTRIBUTING AND TURNING TABLE. As has been pointed out above it is desirable in poultry breeding work to have some arrangement such that the eggs laid by a particular bird (a bird of a given number) may be kept together pending incubation, and at the same time be turned from day to day without too great an expenditure of labor. “To attain these ends an egg distributing and turning table has been devised. A description follows of the table in 78 Maine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. use at the Station. It is, of course, possible to vary the dimen- sions at will from those given to meet special needs while re- taining: the general plan of the table. Fig. 14. Egg distributing and turning table. The table is tipped slightly from the horizontal point to give a view of the top. Note the 4 covers on the upper side with pin locks; the heavy base portion, and the light braces extending the length of the table above and below. The covers when raised are fasetned to these longitudinal braces with wire hooks. It will be seen from the figures that the essential plan consists merely in suspending an egg distributing tray on a pivotal axis so that it may be turned as a whole. It was desir- able in the breeding work here to have an egg distributing table of as great capacity as possible, hence, it was made of large size and the egg trays were made double. In place of having the whole top of the table form one single compartment it was deemed desirable on account of the large size of the table to break it up into 4 parts each having a separate cover (cf., Figs. 14, 15 and 17). Each of these parts is of approxi- mately the same depth as the length of an egg. In order to make compartments within the trays to hold the eggs from each individual breeding hen resort was had to the device of putting the ordinary pasteboard fillers from an egg ‘shipping crate into the trays. These fillers were joined together in sufficient number with strong glue. Each cross row of com- Pepicree Pourtrry BREEDING. 79 i Fig. 15. Same view of the table as in Figure 2, but with the two covers on the side towards the observer raised. Note the compartments for the eggs (each vertical column of compartments—l1 compartments in a column—receives the eggs from one hén whose band number is placed on the edge of the table at the end of the column); the lining of the covers; the small iron uprights which project through the covers when they are closed, and receive the locking pins. partments formed by these fillers may then be devoted to the eggs from a single bird and the number of that bird placed at the end of the row (cf., Fig. 15). In order to prevent the eggs from being broken when the table top was turned the trays were lined below and their covers above with extra thick deadening felt. This felt may be obtained from any dealer in builders’ supplies. In the table in use here each side is divided into 4 trays.. The dimensions of these 4 trays are such that each will hold eggs from 25 breeding hens. Consequently, the whole of the top of the table contains eggs from 100 hens. The width of the table is such that there are 11 compartments for each hen so that 11 eggs from that hen may be stored be- fore incubation. As has been said the table top is made double. That is, the construction is the same as if two egg distributing trays such as those just described were placed back to back and _fas- tened together. Thus, for example, in Figure 15 the table is shown with two of the trays on one side (say “side 1”) open.. 80 Maine AcricuLtturaAL Experiment Staion. 1919. With the table in this position the covers of the trays of the other side (“side II”) form in effect the bottoms of those trays. By making the distributing trays in this way the capacity of the table is doubled. Fig. 16. End view of table. Note heavy construction of base; central point on which the whole egg containing portion of the table turns. It naturally results that so large a table top when full of eggs is very heavy. Consequently it is necessary that the con- struction of the base on which this top rests and turns should be substantial. In the case of the machine here in use the base is constructed of 2 x 4 timbers thoroughly braced as shown in the figures and held together by bolts and draw plates. The heavy construction of the base is apparent from the figures. The axle or pivot at each end of the table top on which it ac- tually turns is a short piece of 1” iron pipe set in a broad. PEDIGREE PouLtry BREEDING. 81 flange which is fastened to the center of the end of the table with screws. The pipe sets in a deep rounded slot in the up- tight of the base (cf., Fig. 16). Fig. 17. Showing the table locked in the vertical position 90° (ap- proximately) from that shown in Figure 14. It will be noted from the figures that there are light longi- tudinal braces on either side of the egg distributing portions of the table. These braces serve two purposes: One, to fur- nish a support for the covers when they are lifted; the other to brace the upright pieces at the ends of the machine placed at right angles to the table top proper. At one end of the table these upright pieces and the boards forming the ends of the trays each have a 1-2” hole bored through them. When in the proper position these holes receive a locking pin working in the base frame at the same end of the table. The manner in which the machine is used is as follows: The eggs when brought from the breeding pens are sorted into the machine according to the numbers of the hens at the ends of the columns of compartments in the machine. These hen numbers are arranged on the trays to correspond with the order of the breeding pens in the poultry houses. After the eggs from the hens belonging on one side of the machine have been distributed the covers of that side are closed down and locked with the pin locks shown in the figures and the whole [9,0) LoS) MaINne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, table top is turned on its longitudinal axis until the other side is brought uppermost. ‘ Then the eggs are sorted, into that side. Usually at one other time during the day the whole table top is given either a half turn or a quarter turn from its pre- vious position and locked in place. The appearance of the machine when it is given a quarter turn from its usual posi- tion 1s shown in Figure -17. It will be seen that this table meets the requirements stated at the beginning. It enables oné to distribute the eggs with ease and at the same time to turn all the eggs waiting incuba- tion at one operation instead of having to handle each of them separately. The table has been found to be very satisfactory in actual practice. The dimensions fo the table in use here are given in the following table. | Table of Measurements of Egg Distributing Table. Length of egg containing portion pie, il) mares: Breadth of egg containing portion Oe S/n Height of table top above floor Rjeee e oe Thickness of whole egg containing portion Tish ie Depth of each tray (inside) Df” Length of covers Behe ies ht apd Breadth of covers Lien LOU goer eS Capacity 2200 eggs and 200 “mother” hens PEDIGREE INCUBATOR BASKETS, It is necessary in pedigree poultry breeding work that the eggs from a given hen should be kept together, at least during the last days of incubation, and in such way that the chickens which hatch from these eggs cannot be separated and mixed with others after hatching. No method has proven so satis- factory in the pedigree work of this Station as the home-made wire basket illustrated in Fig. 18. These baskets are made of 3” mesh galvanized wire and have the following dimensions: Length 734”; breadth 514”; depth 234”. This size makes it possible to put twelve of the baskets in the 360 egg size of either the Cyphers or Prairie state incubators. Furthermore the size of the baskets is so ‘calculated that a tray may be drawn out and put back into the ik ire PEDIGREE PouLtry BREEDING. 83 machine without having the baskets hit the thermostat. Around the top of the basket is put a strip of galvanized iron folded down over the edge as shown in the figure. This galvanized strip is soldered at the corners. The purpose of this strip, which is an important feature, is to give the whole basket stiffness and maintain its shape under the rough handling which such baskets must receive when used in breeding operations on a large scale. One of these home-made baskets of the dimensions given will hold 9 eggs without undue crowding. When it is desir- able, as is often the case in hybridizing work, to incubate a smaller number of eggs from a given female than 9g, it is con- venient to subdivide the baskets. This is done by the inser- tion of a removable wire partition such as is shown in the right hand basket in the figure. This partition is cut the right size to fit easily into the basket and is held in place by 3 twisted wires; one on each side and one on the bottom. secs iacarecenrs: se eet 6: cae Fig. 18. Pedigree Incubator Baskets. There is attached to each basket, or, in the case of the subdivided baskets to each end, a wired tag on which is placed the band number of the hen whose eggs go into the basket. 84 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. At the time when the eggs are turned for the last time before hatching they are sorted into these baskets, the baskets having been previously tagged with the number of the hen who laid the eggs. These baskets are then covered and the covers (Fig. 18) either wired on to the basket proper or the covers held in place by No. 73 rubber bands. BANC TBVON Ge? Wistls* (Clalil(CluCS,. On the 22nd day these baskets containing the chicks are removed from the incubator and the chicks are banded with their distinguishing number. The bands which have been found very satisfactory for this purpose are the No. 2 double clinch pigeon bands, manufactured by the Keyes, Davis Company of Battle Creek, Michigan. These bands are handled in the following way. As re- ceived the bands are numbered from 1 to say 1000 (the end number of the order). Here at the Station the clinch prongs are bent down by a pair of small pliers. The bands, arranged in numerical order, are then bent with numbers outside, around a 3-16 inch wire using the pliers to draw them up tight as shown in Figure 19. This procedure has many advantages ; (1) the numerical arrangement greatly facilitates the construc- tion and use of the “chick-adult-mating” index (p. 71), (2) the bending of the band around the wire lends speed to the operation of putting the band on the chick’s leg as the circle given the band by the wire causes it to fit the chickens ac- curately. The operation of banding is very simple. The band is opened, slipped off the wire and its number checked. The chick PEDIGREE PouLtTRy BREEDING. 85: is picked up with one hand; the band put on the leg and pinched shut (see Fig. 20). perees eneaee rere * - Seen ee eqQee hs ee 7 lees “ ee) + Sey” : he ‘ef 2 * - 4 2% When the chickens are two to three weeks old the band is changed to the wing- where it remains permanently through the life of the chicken. The transfer is easily accomplished. The chicken is picked up and the band removed from fhe leg. The clincher points are bent up and the band is ready. The wing is then spread slightly to expose the thin membrane between the body and the inner bone of the wing. With a sharp knife a small slit is made in this membrane about 4” from its edges. The band is inserted, number up, in this slit and bent outward. in the form of a circle inclosing this tissue. The outer clincher | is slipped through the slot in the other end of the band. With 86 Matne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. the pliers this clincher is turned backward on the band and the inner clincher is brought down on it, thus completing the process. A chicken showing the band changed to the wing is seen in Fig. 21. In Fig. 22 is shown an adult hen with her chick band in the wing. If many pullets are to be kept it is often advisable to have an adult band as well as the chick band. For our purposes these bands are placed on both legs of the bird as seen in Fig. 22. These pullet bands for each year are lettered with a dis- tingushing letter for that year and are numerically consecu- tive from one up. This means, of course, that a bird’s adult band number will not be the same as its chick band number except by the rarest coincidence. PEDIGREE PouLtTRY BREEDING. 87 The four figures reproduced above trace the banding process from the time of the arrival of the bands here at the Station to the adult hen. Figure 19 shows the 3-16” wire above and below the bands -ar- ranged in numerical order on this wire. The bands are put on this wire number out. In Figure 20 the just hatched chick has the band on the right leg. It stays here until the chick is two to three weeks old when it is transferred to the membrane of the wing as in Figure 21. Here it remains for the life of the chick as shown in Figure 22. For convenience in recording and handling the laying hens, they are given another number the adult number, shown on each of the two bands of the hen in Figure 18. ADVANTAGES OF THE Matinc NuMBER SYSTEM OF PEDIGREE RECORDS. The important advantages of this system of mating num- ber over any other record not involving them are the satne today that they were in 1908 when the first edition of this bul- letin was made. I. The parents and all offspring related to any given mat- ing are all brought together in the record books. Brothers and sisters appear on the same sheet and with their parents. 88 Matne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. 2. Starting at any point it is equally easy to go forward or backward on a pedigree or to go into collateral branches. This facility depends on two fundamental facts; viz., (a) that the individual mating is the natural unit in breeding operations, and (b) that on the same sheet on which the record of any individual appears there appears also the number of the mating from which this individual originated on the one hand, and the numbers of the matings in which it takes part on the other hand. In other words, whether on mating sheet or in the des- criptive catalog, the connection of the individual’ both with what is behind and what is beyond in the pedigree is always maintained. | 3. Owing to the fact that designating numbers of indi- viduals do not in this system attempt to carry the pedigree with- in themselves, there is no tendency for these numbers to be- come complex. Complexity in designating numerals, and ac- curacy in entering and extracting pedigree records are WED, difficult things to have in common. 4. ‘Thé~system of pedigree records described is in effect: a double entry one. This feature makes for accuracy because it makes it possible to detect errors which may get into the records. 5. (Lhe) system is a:!very eldstic: one: 7 By) makinesveny, slight changes in matters of detail it can be adapted to keeping pedigree records in any kind of breeding work with either plants or animals, or as has been pointed out by Galton (loc. cit.) to keeping human family records. 6. Most important of all is the simplicity of the system. It is so simple and straightforward that once its essential fea- tures are grasped it is only by gross carelessness that an error in the records can be made. BULLETIN 281 STUDIES IN MILK SECRETION VII. Transmitting Qualities of Jersey Sires for Milk Yield, Butter-Fat Percentage and Butter-Fat.* RayMoNnD PrEart, Joun W. GowEN AND JoHNn Rice MINER The most important thing which a breeder of dairy cattle desires to know is whether the animals which he breeds are transmitting productive qualities to their offspring. This in- formation is particularly desired for the herd bull since his off- spring are much more numerous than those of the cows and he constitutes one-half the heritage given to them. It would appear beyond doubt or question that if a bull’s daughters are on the average poorer milkers, or poorer in the quality of their milk, than the dams from which they came, then the bull is exercis- ing a harmful effect upon the breed. On the other hand, if a bull’s daughters are on the average measurably better than, the dams from which they came, in productive qualities, then that bull is exercising a beneficial effect on the breed. Stated in con- crete terms, if D, represents the milk production of a daughter of a given bull and D,, the milk production of the dam of this daughter; then the measure of this bull’s transmitting qualities for milk production of this pair would be Sire’s transmitting power—=D,—Dny If the daughter’s production is more than the dam’s the sign will be plus. The bull is increasing the production of his daugh- ters and consequently furthering the interests of the breed. If the daughter’s production is less than her dam’s the sign will be minus. The bull is consequently detrimental to the breed. By the summation of these plus and minus differences with regard to sign, the amount and sign of this summed quantity gives the measure of what he did for all his daughters or averaging this difference gives a measure of what he did for each daughter. *Papers from the Biological Laboratory, Maine Agricultural Ex- periment Station, No. 128. 90 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, This measure is clearly a measure of what inheritance for milk production this bull transmitted to his daughters when given the average inheritance of their dams upon which to work. Such a measure primarily aims at the germ cells, it is in fact, a measure of the genotype of the bull as distinguished from the phenotype. This measure is further entirely free from any preconceived notions of the mode of inheritance of their milk yield. It is entirely free from personal bias. It simply gives in easily appreciated numerical terms what the bull ac- complished, in no way trying to analyze the chain of events which brought about this accomplishment. The measure as applied to the Jersey Registry of Merit Sires (12) is the nu- merical expression of what the breeder means by potency (5). Specifically the aims of this investigation will be. 1. To determine the transmitting qualities of Jersey Reg- istry of Merit Sires, for year milk production. 2. To determine the transmitting qualities of Jersey Reg- istry of Merit Sires for butter-fat percentage. 3. To determine the net change in the yearly production of butter-fat between the daughter’s production and mother’s production for Jersey Registry of Merit Sires. 4. To determine the transmitting qualities of the Sire’s sire as judged by the production of the daughters of his son in comparison with that of their dam. s. Pedigree analysis of the superior and inferior sires of the Jersey Breed. MATERIAL. The material used for this study was the records for year test of American Jersey cows contained in volumes I to V of the Jersey Registry of Merit of the American Jersey Cattle Club ( 12). The rules under which these tests are carried on are given in each volume of the Registry of Merit. These rules call for the supervision of each test by an accredited representa- tive of the agricultural experiment station or college of the state under which the test is made. The rules which govern the action of these supervisors are quite inclusive, meeting prac- tically every contingency which might arise in the conduction of the test. The aim of these rules is, of course, the safeguard- Stupirs 1n Mitk SEcRETION 91 ing of the accuracy of the records. The precautions taken should make this body of data quite accurate. Most of these records contain the following information about each cow which has made the Registry of Merit require- ments in the test. The Registry of Merit number, name and herd book number of the cow is given. The pedigree record includes the name and number of the sire and dam of the cow tested. The record includes the amount of milk, the percentage of butter-fat, the amount of butter-fat, the age at test, the length of the record and the time at which the record was made. METHODS. In this investigation was included every bull having two or more daughters with year records in the Registry of Merit volumes I to V when the dams of these daughters also had year records. The reason for not including those bulls with only one daughter was the great variation which such records would take through the influence of chance alone. This variation is seen in table III to be a very considerable quantity when two or more records are considered. It would, of course, be much higher for records based on only one daughter, in fact becom- ing so great that little or no reliance could be placed in such a record as a measure of the bull’s capacities as a breeder. Laws GOVERNING THE CHANGES IN MitK FLow anp BUTTER- Fat PERCENTAGE WITH AGE IN JERSEY REGISTRY OF MERIT CATTLE. Several papers from this laboratory (7, 11) have dealt with the variation of milk at different ages in the life of the cow. In these studies a correlation of considerable size has been shown between milk production and age at test when this correlation is measured by the correlation ratio. It has been further shown that the regression of milk production on age is by no means a linear regression; in point of fact the regression is logarithmic. These considerations make it necessary to correct each milk record to a standard age before any just comparison may be made between the milk production of the daughter and that of her dam. For this correction 2153 year records were extracted 92 Maine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, from the first two volumes of the Registry of Merit. The mean yearly mill production of each six months age group was de- termined from these data commencing with the age at test of one year and three months. These mean milk productions are shown in figure 23 as small circles. It will be noted that these observational means are only shown up to the age of twelve years and three months. The data actually had means for the milk productions of each of the six months period up to sixteen years and three months. The mean milk production for these last groups depended on so small a number of individual records that they were very irregular. It was consequently thought best to omit these in the calculations. The irregularity shown for the means of eight years and three months to. twelve years and three months is likewise due to lack of numbers in the ob- servations. It has consequently seemed best in the calculations leading up.to the fitting of these observational data with a log- arithmic function to use the first smooth of these observations, as experience has shown that the smoothed observations ap- proach more nearly the direction that the curve would take if based on a larger series of figures. The general function which describes the relation of age to amount of milk produced has been shown to be y==a+batcx?+d log x When the observational means shown in figure 23 are fitted by such a curve, the theoretical curve shown in the figure 23 is obtained. The equation to this curve is y==4586.50-+ 307.557—12.654?+2216.62 log # A comparison of the observational means and the theoreti- cal means are all that is required to show the close similarity of the two curves. It does not seem necessary therefore to cal- culate the X* value for this curve. The law which governs the relation of age and milk pro- duction for these Registry of Merit Jersey cows may be ex- pressed in words as follows. In these Jersey cows the absolute amount of milk produced per unit of time increases with the age of the cow until a maximum is reached, but the amount of increase diminishes each year with advancing age until the ab-. Stupirs 1n Mitx S&cRETION 93 MEANY SULk PRODUCTION mE | | | THEORETIGAL MEAN, OBSEAVED NEA, sbi i NW2 19 23 29 G3 3943 49 53 S59 42 69 73 79 B83 B89 GF O29 /03 109 113 19 129 AGE AT GOMMENGEMENT OF TEST Ficure 23. Observational and Theoretical Curves of mean milk pro- duction (365 day) at various ages in Jersey Cows. solute maximum production is reached. After the time of maximum productivity the absolute production per unit of time decreases with advancing age, and by a continually increasing amount. This is essentially the same law that has been found to govern the Ayrshire (10), the Jersey seven day (11), and eight month records (3), the Holstein-Friesian 7 day and year records (2, 3, 4) and the Guernsey year records (, 3). 94 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, Metuop oF CorrRECTING Recorps oF MiLtK PRODUCTION AND ButTTER-FAT PERCENTAGE AT ANY AGE TO THE EXPECTED ReEcorD AT STANDARD AGE. A knowledge of the function which describes this law al- lows us to calculate what correction should be applied for this mean change in the milk production. The choice of the place to which this correction was to be made was chosen as the maxi- mum production at eight years. The actual maximum mean milk yield comes at 8.12 years as determined by differentiation of the curve given above. These correction factors were de- termined for each three months of age. All the records used in this study have been corrected to their expected production at this constant age of 8 years. The manner in which this cor- rection was made may be stated mathematically as a simple pro- portion. | Corrected milk at standard age : observed milk at a years :: Mean milk at standard age : mean milk at a years. For the animals which have more than one Registry of Merit test, the test which was made nearest eight years of age was used. The same general method was used in the correction of the butter-fat percentage records. The theoretical function which describes the relation of age and butter-fat percentage was determined. From this theoretical function, which is a linear one with a slight but consistant decline in the mean but- ter-fat percentage with age, were determined what corrections should be applied to the butter-fat percentage to bring all the records to a constant age basis. The manner in which this cor- rection was used is similar to the proportion shown above for the correction of milk production. The standard age for the butter-fat percentage was taken at two years as this is the age nearest the maximum butter-fat percentage of the cow. The butter-fat expected of the cow for these standard ages was determined by multiplying the amount of expected milk by the expected butter-fat percentage. All records used for the determination of the transmitting qualities for Jersey sires were based on these expected records at the standard ages. All records referred to in this paper from Strupies 1N Mitx S&cRETION 95 this point on will be understood to be for this expected record at the standard age unless specifically mentioned to the contrary. Thus the measure of the bull’s transmitting ability (—= daugh- ter’s milk production—dam’s milk production) considers only the expected milk productions. VARIATION OF CORRECTED Recistry oF Merir ReEcorps. In all such investigations as the one in which we are en- gaged it is desirable to know what error is likely to be involved through the variation of milk production or butter-fat percent- age due to chance. For the determination of this error the fre- quency distribution of the expected milk production and butter- fat percentage are necessary. These distributions are given in table I and graphically shown in figure 24 and 25. SANS IE El: Frequency distributions of expected milk production and but- ter-fat percentage of Jersey Registry of Merit cows, mothers and daughters. Milk Production Frequency Butter-Fat Frequency Percentage Daughter Dam Daughter Dam 5499.5— 6499.5 6 1 4.0995—4.2995 5 al 6499.5— 7499.5 71 48 4,2995—4.4995 10 2 7499.5— 8499.5 181 153 4,4995—4.6995 31 18 8499.5— 9499.5 214 190 4,6995—4.8995 47 | 30 9499.5—10499.5 176 142 4.8995—5.0995 val 50 10499.5—11499.5 149 93 5.0995—5.2995 122 83 11499.5—12499.5 97 53 5.2995—5.4995 147 105 12499.5—13499.5 57 38 5.4995—5.6995 | 1385 120 18499.5—14499.5 30 18 5.6995—5.8995 156 110 = 5.8995—6.0995 125 | 91 14499.5—15499.5 19 7 6.0995—6.2995 101 74 ; 6.2995— 6.4995 | 61 | 53 15499.5—16499.5 10 4 6.4995— 6.6995 | 34 37 : 6.6995— 6.8995 20 16 16499.5—17499.5 4 9 6.8995—7.0995 | 13 | 13 17499.5—18499.5 2 2 7.0995—7.2995 2 | 2 18499.5—19499.5 1 2 7.2995—7.4995 | 1 19499.5—20499.5 2 1 7.4995—7.6995 1 1 20499.5—21499.5 1 Total 1019 762 | 1081 810 +3 | The Constants derived from Table I are shown in Table 96 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Station. 1919, ADM EEL 2 Physical Constants for the Expected Milk and Butter-Fat Per- centage of Jersey Registry of Merit cows, mothers and daughters. | Standard | Coefficient Quartile Limits Character Mean | Deviation of Variation First Median Third | | | Daughter’s Milk Production ___-__| 9547.6-+44.7| 2114.4-++31.6 | 22.15.35 7982-61 92138-+-56 10780-++.61 Dam’s Milk | Production’) 222-2 = 9391.9--51.5| 2107.8-86.4 | 22.44+-.41 | 7931--70 8942+-65 | 10403--70 Daughter’s Butter-Fat Per | | Conte eee eens s 5.558+.011) 0.5508-+.0080) 9.91-4.15 | 5.174-++.015 | 5.559-+.014 | 5.938-4.015 Dam’s Butter-Fat | Per cent______----- 5.625-+.013) 0.5546-+.0093| 9.86-4.17 | 5.235-+.018 | 5.593-+.016 | 5.995-+.018 | | From table 2 it is possible to determine if on the average the daughters of Jersey Registry of Merit cows are better than their dams. The difference between the mean milk production of the daughters from that of their dams is 155.7+68.2, a dif- ference which is certainly not significant. The difference be- tween the mean butter-fat percentage of the daughters and their dams is —0.067+.017 or the difference is 3.9 times the prob- able error. These facts lead to the conclusions that the mean milk production of the daughters of Registry of Merit cows does not differ from that of their dams and that to a small de- gree these same daughters are slightly lower in butter-fat per- centage than are the dams from which they came. The standard deviations for these tables give the necessary information to determine the probable error of the mean gains or losses of any number of pairs of daughters and their dams. It has seemed best to base these calculations on the standard deviations of the general population rather than on the stan- dard deviations of the individual sires as it is believed the prob- able error obtained will be more nearly its true value. The calculation of this probable error of the mean gains or losses is done by the usual probable error of the difference formula, when the standard deviation of the difference is equal to \ ts pe ay Oy Oy (4) Srupies IN Mitx S&EcRETION 97 Where o1 is the standard deviation of the daughter’s corre- lated milk production, or butter-fat percentage and o, the standard deviation of the dam’s milk production or butter-fat percentage as the case may be. The calculation of the prob- able error in the net change of the butter-fat can be easily made from the above formula after the standard deviation of the net butter-fat of the daughters and the standard deviation of the net butter-fat of the dams are known. The formula for these constants is approximately Ma | we tvs tae @) Where M, equals the mean milk production, M, equals the mean butter fat percentage, v, the coefficient of variation of the milk production and v, the coefficient of variation of the butter-fat percentage. Table 3 gives the probable errors derived by the above formula. This table shows that little reliance can be placed in the mean gain or loss in the milk production if the figures are based on only two daughters and their dams, for the error due to chance is likely to be 1154.5 pounds or to be significant the dif- ference of such pairs would have to be 3463.5, a difference only rarely found. The error on as many as forty such pairs is not very great (258.2 pounds). The probable error for the butter- fat percentage on two pairs is so large that only differences over 1.059 can be considered as more than indicative of a supe- ‘ rior bull. For the bull that has as many as forty pairs much smaller differences are required. The probable errors for the number of pairs for the butter-fat are likewise large for those sires which have only two pairs and relatively much smaller for the sires with as many as forty pairs. In the balancing up of the true worth of a bull it is essen- tial that these facts be taken into consideration in weighing the evidence as to his merit. | 98 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. TABLE 3. ; Jersey Year Records. Probable Errors of Differences Between Mean Performances of Mothers and Daughters. N Milk Fat % Net Fat 2 1154.5 Ibs. 0.853 % 58.21 3 942.6 lbs. 0.288 % 47.53 4 816.3 Ibs. 0.249 % 41.16 5 730.1 Ibs. 0.223 % * 36.82 6 666.5 Ibs. 0.204 % 33.61 7 617.1 Ibs. 0.189 % 31.11 8 577.2 lbs. 0.176 % 29.11 9 544.2 Ibs. 0.166 % 27.44 10 516.3 lbs. 0.158 % 26.03 11 492.3 lbs. 0.150 % 24.82, 12 471.3 lbs. 0.144 % 23.76 13 - 452.8 Ibs. 0.188 % 22.83 14 436.3 lbs. 0.138 % 22.00 15 421.5 Ibs. 0.129 % 21.26 16 408.2 lbs. 0.125 % 20.58 17 396.0 lbs. 0.121 % 19.97 18 384.8 lbs. 0.118 % 19.40 19 374.6 Ibs. 0.114 % 18.89 20 365.1 Ibs. 0.112 % 18.41 21 356.3 Ibs. 0.109 % 17.96 22 348.1 Ibs. 0.106 % 17.55 23 340.4 Ibs. 0.104 % 17.17 24 333.3 Ibs. 0.102 % 16.80 25 326.5 Ibs. 0.100 % 16.46 26 320.2 Ibs. 0.098 % 16.14 27 314.2 lbs. 0.096 % 15.84 28 308.5 Ibs. 0.094 % 15.56 29 303.2 Ibs. 0.093 % 15.29 30 298.1 lbs. 0.091 % 15.03 31 293.2 Ibs. 0.090 % 14.79 32 288.6 Ibs. 0.088 % 14.55 33 284.2 Ibs. 0.087 % 14.33 34 280.0 Ibs. 0.086 % 14.12 35 276.0 Ibs. 0.084 % 13.92 36 272.1 lbs. 0.083 % 13.72 37 268.4 Ibs. 0.082 % 13.53. 38 264.9 Ibs. 0.081 % 13.35 39°C; 261.4 lbs. 0.080 % 13.18 40 258.2 lbs. 0.079 % 13.02 | CHANGE IN THE RELATIVE Mi_tK PrRopUCTION OR BUTTER-FAT PERCENTAGE OF A BULL’s DAUGHTERS OVER THAT OF THEIR Dams. Table 2 in conjunction with table 1 furnishes information of a good deal of value in distingushing bulls of superior worth as measured by what their progeny do in producing milk or butter-fat. It is altogether probable that a bull in a herd com- posed of cows like Sophie’s Agnes or Vive la France would find it harder to raise the production of these cow’s offspring than would the same bull going into a herd composed of 4000 pound cows. Now a table to measure the sire’s transmitting qualities by his progeny performance similar to the one con- Srupies 1N Mitx SEcRETION 99° templated in this paper does not allow for this difference in herds. It is necessary, therefore, to have some means of recog- nizing this difference in the cows to which these bulls are bred. This is easily accomplished by dividing the frequency areas of table 1 into four equal parts of quartiles. The distribution for these quartiles given in table 1. The place of division for each quartile is given in table 2 for the daughter’s milk and butter- fat percentage and for the dam’s milk and butter-fat percent- age. Figures 24 and 25 give the histograms and the quartiles for the mother’s and the daughter’s milk and for the mother’s and the daughter’s butter-fat percentage. The quartiles may be designated as follows, A the amount of milk or butter-fat percentage above the third quartile line; B the amount of milk or butter-fat percentage between the median and the third quartile line; C the amount of milk or the butter-fat percentage between the first quartile line and the median; D the amount of milk or butter-fat percentage below the first quartile line. In this way the change in the milk pro- duction or butter-fat percentage between any dam and her daughter may be expressed by two letters. For instance a rec- ord of the relative milk production AC means that the dam’s milk production is over 10403 pounds and the daughter’s milk production between 7931 and 8942 pounds. A butter-fat percent- age record DB means that the mother’s butter-fat percentage is. below 5.235 per cent and the daughter’s butter-fat percentage between 5.593 per cent and 5.995 per cent. In recording a bull with two or more daughters it seems best to put these pairs on the basis of one hundred. Thus a bull with two tested daugh- ters out of tested dams, and one dam is in respect to milk pro- duction in class A, her daughter in class B, and the pair re- corded as AB; the other dam in class C and her daughter in class A and the pair recorded in CA; the record for the bull will then be 50 AB + 50CA and the number of pairs on which- this record is based will be two. The extension of this method allows the recording of any number of pairs. In this manner it is possible to always know how many daughters a bull’s rec- ord is based on and where in the general population of daugh- ters these daughters’ records lie in comparison with the place in the general population occupied by the records of their dams. 1919, MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 100 “peciq 2Y} UL MOD ay} FO PporA oy} JOF DoeTd dAr}LJaI dy} 9}0UEP 0} posN ore YOIYM svoie Jenba Iofy 9Y} OJUI suOTINGIYSIP 9s9Yy} IPIAIP soul] aplj41enb syy, “psoder (Aep co¢) swep IY} pue sid}YySnep WAIT yo Ansisoy Aostof IO} woroNpoIg HJ[MU pojoors0d JO suoljnqrystp AouenbosZ oy} Surmoys sweisojsipT “pz AUNT —SCNVSNOHL M Hi GILORRIOO A NOR ASL AE Sls EMULE IM NBM SV, EY, SIENA Dg DASE OLN CH AY tA EL EL TE ASU, OU IB OG SS 4 NOT RbY ZAWLAVIO Cet tt1l. Yy AFTULAMO CHIHL , MVIGAY YO LSey4 XFL LSA ADNWIOR4S Stupies 1N Mitx S£cRETION RS < o 8 500 <9 Bescssss 1 = seatatetetetet | eee ~~ — oS eset SRK eee ee SI] $9505 Soo Se Si SOR eee mectge Oe neceneetete Seecceee KK rar Arurabaratane aca andcanncaracma EC See See rereioreneeeenen sts a a * 2 POT Te : V BiGHTER | = 40,42 44 4648 50 52 5A 56 58 G0 62 G4 66 68 10 12 TA T6 S ‘ peeee es SS : OJ eee 54 <4 x ee re <> <> $6 x ses O04 mike RRR CSL SO ee 52 oe SER S See See SS Roe O82 eee ee ee SO mah oe ceetacetates SES SSRs oe Ee ae SKS CRS a £5 SOOO eo <“ SSC gee | x ADNAIOLYS / be Rececees sees ieee Ror BS SS nets os RS Ys FER CENT CORRECTED FAT Ficure 25. Histograms showing the frequency distribution of corrected Butter-Fat percentage for Jersey Registry of Merit, daughters and their dams. _— © = into the four divide these distributions lines (365 day record.) The quartile equal areas which are used to denote the relative place for the yield of the cow in the breed. 102 MaAINne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STaATIon. 1919, Metuop oF DISTINGUISHING SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR SIRES. The bull of superior merit seems unquestionably the ani- mal whose progeny are more productive in milk, butter-fat per- centage and butter-fat than the dams from which they came. This has therefore been the criterion used to distinguish the superior and inferior sires of the Jersey breed. In the first lot are included all bulls which have their daughters more produc- tive in both milk and butter-fat percentage than their dams. In the second group are placed those bulls whose daughters were inferior in both of these particulars to their dams. Since in all probability the first set were a great boon to the breed and the second set a distinct drawback to the breed’s progress it seems of objective value to study these two groups especially carefully in the hope of throwing some light on the reasons for this difference. For this purpose pedigrees of all the ani- mals in these two groups were made and subjected to analysis. PEDIGREE METHODs.. The factors determined for these pedigrees are, the amount of inbreeding that has taken place, the degree or amount of re- lationship which exists between the parents of the sire under consideration and the absolute and percentage of American and island ancestry contained in the pedigree of these bulls. The methods used have been amply discussed in a series of papers from this laboratory (6, 8, 9) and need only be briefly discussed here. Inbreeding in these studies is defined as the condition or state in which an organism has in fact fewer different ancestors than the maximum number possible. The degree or amount of inbreeding (total) is measured by a series of inbreeding coefficients, one for each ancestral generation, defined by the following equation: 100 (Poy: — n41) ——_ eas where P,,, denotes the maximum possible number of different individuals involved in the matings of the n+1 generation, Srupres 1N Mitx SEcRETION 103 n41 the actual number of different individuals involved in these matings, and Z, is the inbreeding coefficient for the n+1 the ancestral generation. The amount of inbreeding may be expressed as a single numerical quantity by referring the inbreeding as expressed for each generation to the maximum possible inbreeding of a brother and sister mating. The formula by which this single measure of inbreeding is determined is 7, OO yee where § denotes summation of all values between the inclusive limits indicated, Fy is the total area of the maximum brother n x sister curve up to and including the n+1th generation. ZT, is the measure of the inbreeding. A state or condition of relationship or kinship between two organisms exists when these organisms have one or more common ancestors. The degree, intensity or closeness of the relationship is, in general, proportional to the number of dif- ferent ancestors which the two individuals have in common, out of the whole number they might possibly have in common. The degree or amount of relationship, in accordance with the above definition, is numerically measured by relationship coefficients, one for each ancestral generation. The coefficients are calculated in two slightly different ways according to whether they are being evaluated in connection with inbreeding coefficients, which will usually be the case, or independently. When calculated in connection with inbreeding coefficients, a relationship coefficient is calculated in accordance with the following equation: (Pas 1 Qn l)) 9 (sZn—t assy dZn——h drm) 100 Y% Pn-+1 where the letters have the same significance as in the above equation with the additions that K denotes a relationship co- efficient, a prefixed subscript s means that letters following it refer to the pedigree of the sire only, and a prefixed subscript 104 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, d means that the letters following refer to the pedigree of the dam only. The analysis of the amount of American and Island an- cestry is approached in these ways. Only the Island animals are tabled as the number of the American animals of any desired group may be obtained by difference. (1) The number of Island bulls and Island cows found in the pedigree of the superior and of the inferior sires are tabled separately, and recorded in absolute numbers and in per- centage of the total ancestors. (2) The absolute number and percentage of island bred animals occurring in the sire’s or dam’s side of the pedigree are recorded. Besides this information a table is given to show what pro- portion the Island ancestors are of the total great-great-grand- parents of the superior and inferior sires. This information is classified in the two ways indicated above. | From these facts the relative influence of the island im- ported stock can in some degree be determined for the supe- rior and inferior sires of the Jersey Registry of Merit. THE TRANSMITTING QUALITIES OF JERSEY SIRES FoR MiLx PRODUCTION. In table 4 is given all Registry of Merit Bulls with two or more tested daughters coming from tested dams. These bulls are arranged according to the number of pounds of milk that their daughter’s yearly production was greater than their dam’s yearly production. This information is given in the fifth column of the table. These bulls are given a number (shown in the first column) running from the bull producing the great- est average net increase in his daughter’s milk production, Queen’s Raleigh, to the bull producing the greatest average net decrease in his daughter’s milk production, Hood Farm S. Tor- mentor. In the second column is given the bull’s name. In the third column is given the registry number. The fourth column contains the number of daughter-dam pairs on which the aver- age net change of milk production is based. The last column marks the quartile changes, records the relative position of the Srupies 1N Mitk SEcRETION 105 milk production of the dam and daughter. The dam’s milk production is recorded first as A the highest production, B the next highest group, C the next to the lowest milk production group and D the lowest milk production group. The daughter’s milk production is recorded after the dam’s, the letters having the same significance. The distribution and limits for these groups are shown in table 1, figure 24. The coefficient in front of the letters gives the numbers in each group on the basis of too for the total. Thus, the record for Queen’s Raleigh (67 BA + 33 DA) shows that all the recorded daughters of his get were in the A class; 67 per cent or two-thirds of them were out of B class dams and 33 per cent or one-third were out of D class dams. The coefficients therefore represent the percentages of the dif- ferent kinds of daughters which a given bull got from different classes of dams. The information on the transmitting qualities of Jersey sires for milk production above described is given in table 4. TABLE 4. > Bulls in Order of Net Change in Milk of Daughters. A rb) 5 an No. | Name of Bull Ey elec Quartile Changes | Zot) 704 1 |Queen’s Raleigh 88232 +4545.7) 67BA+33DA 2 \Sans Aloi $1012 +4464.5) 100DA 3 Temisia’s Interested Prince) 71648 +3686.5 50DA+50DB 4 \Rinda Lad of S. B. 89518 +3403.5, 50DA+50DB 5 Golden Nero -| 62052 +3369.0) 50DA+50DB 6 Agatha’s Brookhill Fox 69633 +2957.5 50BA+50DB 7 Signal’s Suecessor | 72758} +2899.3) 33AA+33DA+33DB 8 |The Plymouth Lad 89792 +2810.3) 25CA+25CC-+-50DA 9 You'll Do Oxford 98772 +-2797.0, 5OCA+50DA 10 |Hood Farm Figgis Torono) 90: +2706.38) 33BA+33CB+33DA 11 |Fontaine’s King 65641 +2678.5| 50BA+50CA 12 Hood Farm Torono 60326 +2620.1, 26AA+3AB+9BA+3BB+38BC+ 32CA+9CB+9DA+3DB+3DC +2534.7, 33BA+33BC+33CA +2528.0, 50DA+50DD 13 |Roma’s Rioter of St. L. | 70951 14 Hood Farm Pogis 34th 63390 15 Eminent’s Pilot 75364 +2380.0| 383BA+383DA+33DC 16 |\Channel King 62762 +2332.0) 50CA+50CD 17 |Tormentor’s Landseer Sig-| 69291 +2326.7, 25BA+50CB+25CD nal | ® 18 Chief Engineer | 47148 +2174.5 17AA+33BA+33CA+17CC 19 Golden Glow’s Chief | 61469 +2172.4. 75BA+25CB 20 |Majestic Fern | 84428 +2163.3 33BA+33BB+33DC 21 |Royal Majesty +2138.6) 40AA+20BA+20BB+20CA 22 \Forfarshire’s King Dalton) 95339 +2064.6 144A A+14AD+14CA+14CC+ 29DA+14DD +2015.2; 60AA+20AB+20BA ies) ATONE He bo Go bo 09 RW wD rw NW bd cw 23 |The Owl’s Double Grand-| 80314 son | oO 106 Maine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, Bulls in Order of Net Change in Milk of Daughters. | | —Continued. Be | ky $2/3 | & Name of Bull ist El ceil ig Btcs Quartile Changes oD |5y,8 ® =) cs) nde oa at > a ash q A oud & 2 & : a ee gt, cheese Peots ce suteu og ete aHagG BPE =| Sich ichichi st ae S JOR Bo Ba oO ga) Oro ve ISS 3 Bre Bg BAS POSROCBGORGOO SD SOOROEOOO OCHODHAOUR SOR MAZE RARER AOA ORE ° HAM HIDOR DACHAMMHNOLDACHAMHDNOND z; AMMA DTM RANANANNAANNSN Ancestral Analysis of Bulls which Decreased both Milk and Fat Per Cent—Concluded. Island Bred Ancestry Per cent Island Blood Percentages Stupies 1N MiLtk S&cretion apis “sumed | Opis - 8,019 ite) C1noind’ i] oo 1g © SCOMSSNSNSSCSCSSOSSoONSO onl nro =) oo no fat Tot ww C19 OO wD o eocesee!8o1n SGrsseogosodsissig saga No oO © SCOMFrOonNnNonon Set She SSNS he ede SSogdososSr sa siesal i~ Amine wom@sooinacr ret =| ret rt mS ross “BSS i) SOSSOSSSSSSSOSSOSSOSSS coumcoiCo =) =| = re re rr MENS 2.9) Sesenscrcr ERROREERSG ~Roeqook —F SBSSSSSSSSCOSHSSSOSO ice) SIG Sy ceny oO Absolute Nos. - 3.7| 54.6| 35.3 | =| 4 0.5 5 | ON HID OO OND O1919 O10 N19 419 nro ri Lon) Sal im! Lean! Sn EMA HHO OCOrMWMMOAr-OwMo i! ial Leal I eal SCnAMM™ NOOO CMOINWODDAIG TH im ro Soa im! rd ee eee 6.94| 6.55) 8.19) 5.30) Ka Inga: Tr) Ta Secosoohrrccoonsoogs Ks ess) So | oop Ke SScoocoooocoscoececoooscSoS i K=i—) f 1919 ZT3 \SOQROCROMMRSCSCONSOSoONH Sons aR ee inal nro mon Zs NRL AAWSR Sc ok a 19 6D ADOHANAIG rR IsSSCOORBOSCON A Aen ON on O09 Ze wg 1H 1s 1919 On Yo} os AOANONMEN SSO ON OS ONS 1S oH oad AAA a Registry | Z1 No. 76048 P.S. 2964| P.S. 4008 Name of Bull Torono 20th Rioter : Stoke Pogis Son Caiest ¢ i Sultana’s Oxford Lad ’s Lad of Glenwood Ramaposa King of Hambie Olga Hazel Pogis Glen’s Raleigh Noel saire Meridale Interested Prince King All Mabel’s Poet Seven Gates Merry Miss’ Means No. 29 |Altama’s Pogis 38 | Prince 39 |\Gertrude’s. Jap Ro 33 |Imp. 40 Fairy 34 , 85 Hood Farm, e 6 37 31 |Biltmore’s Torment 32 30 |Mistletoe Pogis 41 |Reservation 46 |Fontaine’s 47 | Prince 42 43 44 45 149 150 Maine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. Hambie, Gertrude’s Jap, Fairy Glen’s Raleigh, and Fontaine’s Caiest are not entirely correct as the pedigrees of these bulls are not complete since they run into foundation stock. The coefficients of inbreeding for the pedigrees of these inferior bulls show that out of the 47 sires only two have re- peated ancestors in the second ancestral generation. One of these sires is of island breeding. The other is not. The in- breeding in the two succeeding generations increases markedly. The total inbreeding as measured by Z7, ranges for the dif- ferent bulls from nothing to 41.18 per cent of the total possible inbreeding. The average is 9.65 per cent for the forty-seven sires. This average is 2.57 higher than is the total inbreeding for the superior sires. The superior sires are consequently less inbred than the inferior sires. Of the forty-seven sires eighteen show ancestors in the sire’s side of the pedigree which are repeated in the dam’s side making the sire and dam related. The pedigrees for the supe- rior sires showed 10 where the sire and dam were related. Con- sidering the difference in the numbers of these two series there is, proportionately, about the same number of related sires and dams bred together to give either set of sires. The pedigree analysis for island breeding shows that there are five which have no island ancestry either males or females up to the fifth generation. There are six sires which have island ancestry only through one side of the pedigree. As already pointed out the sires of superior merit have only two sires in this class (as few island ancestors). To this extent, at least, the superior sires have more island blood than do the inferior sires. The mean number of males of island breeding occurring in the pedigrees were 6.94 and the mean number of females of island breeding 6.55 for these inferior sires. The figures for the sires which increased the production of their daughters as previously quoted are 8.07 for the males and 7.79 for the females. There are consequently more island bred males and more island bred females in the pedigrees of the best class of sires than in the class of sires which lower the produc- tion of their daughters. This information as to island ancestry is classified also as to whether the island ancestor occurs in the sire’s or dam’s side of the pedigree. The largest possible number of island ances- Stupies IN Mitk SEcRETION 151 tors up to and including the fourth generation in the sire’s or dam’s side of the pedigree is fifteen. There are eighteen sires of pure island breeding on their father’s side. Four other sires have practically complete island breeding. The sires of supe- rior transmitting qualities have 14 sires practically island bred on their sire’s side. This in proportion to the number of each group means that the superior sires have a larger amount of island breeding than do the sires in the inferior group. On the dam’s side of these pedigrees there are twelve with complete island breeding and two lacking only one individual. The pedigrees of the sires which raise the production of their daughters contain eleven sires whose dams are of strict island breeding. The amount of island breeding found in superior sires is consequently greater than is the amount found in the sires which lower the production of their daughters when the relative number of the two classes of individuals is considered. These facts are borne out by the percentages for the whole pedigree and for the great-great grandparents. The sires which raise the production of their daughters over that of their dams contain up to the fifth ancestral generation more island breeding than do the sires which lower the production of their daughters over that of their dams. In both groups of sires shown in tables to and 11 there are more island bred bulls than cows. ‘The sire’s sire shows more island bred stock in his pedi- gree up to the fourth generation than does the sire’s dam. ANIMALS REPEATED IN THE PEDIGREE OF THE SIRES WHICH RAISED THE PRODUCTION OF THEIR DAUGHTERS. _If we accept provisionally the old saying that, “like begets like” it should follow that the ancestors within the pedigree of superior sires. should themselves be worthy animals. If a pedigree study of a group of such superior sires is made, the animals most repeated in a given generation should be the best animals for they have the greatest opportunity to transmit high production to their progeny which is known to carry high pro- duction. Some insight should be gained, as to the worth of a given animal by such a study even though the animals may not have any other obtainable record. This is especially true in connection with this study since the pedigrees of the sires which 152 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. did not transmit high production to their daughters are also known. and a comparison may be made of the individuals re- peated in the superior sires pedigree with those repeated in the inferior sires pedigree. . Before beginning this study it was decided that any indi- vidual which was not repeated at least once in the pedigrees of a given group of sires could not have contributed any notice- able amount to making the group as a whole worthy or un- worthy. Accordingly the study will confine itself to those animals that were repeated at least once. : Table 12 gives the animals repeated in the pedigrees of the sires which increased the milk production and butter-fat percentage of their daughter over that of their dams. TONBIEID, WZ, Animals Repeated in Pedigrees of Sires which Increased the Milk Production and Butter-Fat Percentage of their Daughters as Compared with that of their Dams. Sire’s Side of Pedigree Number Dam’s Side of Pedigree Number FIRST GENERATION | of || FIRST GENERATION of Name and No. | Appear- | Name and No. Appear- | ances ances | Imp. Golden Fern’s Lad 2160 | 2 Figgis 76106 1 Hood Farm Pogis 40684 , 2 Spermfield Lassie 5099 1 Spermfield Owl 57088 2 Hood Farm Pogis 9th 55552 2 | Chief Engineer 47148 2 | Eminent 2532 1 | The Owl 2195 1 Stoke Pogis of Prospect 29121 1 SECOND GENERATION | SECOND GENERATION Sophie’s Tormentor 20883 Imp. Golden Fern’s Lad 2160 Eminent 2532 Signalona’s Ben Signal 43521 Champion Flying Fox 2729 Spermlight 2d 4157 Sir Julius 1547 Nutley’s Son 31201 Birdsey’s Surprise 48326 Sultanne 9th 1145 Oonan’s Pogis 17165 Imp. Golden Fern’s Lad 2160 Hood Farm Pogis 40684 The Owl 2195 Boyle 1559 Willoh 2855 Brown bBessie’s Diploma 39344 Champion Flying Fox 2729 Golden Fern -4711 Sulphide 88038 Kathlettas’ Fancy 60738 Spermfield Lassie 5099 Figgis 76106 Ida’s Rioter of St. L. 13656 Signalona’s Ben Signal 143521 Marion 1690 Stoke Pogis 5th 5987 Alicante 3880 Eminent 2532 Ida Marigold 32615 Eminence 7124 Imp. Blue Belle 4307 PRE HE HEHEHE DD RRB RP REE HEN NNNYNNNNNNNNW Srupies IN MiLk SECRETION 153 THIRD GENERATION ‘ 'TaiRD GENERATION 1242 [Boyle Gouna ae Oonan’s Tormentor 22280 Imp. Golden Fern’s Lad Imp. Golden Fern’s Lad 2160 Ida’s Stoke Pogis Tormentor 259 Sultana’s Rosette Sophie’s Tormentor 20883 Tormentor 259 Flyaway 4856 — Ida’s Landseer 17745 Baron’s Sophie 17615 Brown Bessie’s Son 34550 ‘Oxford Lass 3582 P.S. Golden Prince 2502 Sultana’s Rosette 2881 Blanchard ‘7th 6909 Golden Fern 4711 Prince of Mahaska 16159 | Custa 29637 Oonan’s Pogis 17165 Boyle 1559 Ida’s Rioter of St. L. 18656 Marion 1690 Alicante 3880 Sophie's Tormentor 20883 Spermlight 2d 4157 Sir Julius 1547 Birdsey’s Surprise 48326 Tootsie 3214 Brown Fern 2d 1944 Kathletta 19567 Sombre 80796 Golden Fern 4711 Kathlettas’ Fancy 60738 NWDNNNNNNHNS NDNNNNYNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNWWOWwO x FOURTH GENERATION || FouRTH GENERATION Sultanne’s Favorite 873 Golden Lad al Golden Lass 4th 2447 Tormentor Golden Lad 1242 Boyle 1559 Bachelor gf St. L. 4558 \Ida’s Stoke Pogis 18658 Ida of St. L. 24990 |Baron’s Sophie 17615 Boyle 1559 \Tootsie 3214 Tormentor 259 Ida’s Stoke Pogis 18658 Oonan 1485 Count Wolseley 928 Rajah 340 Sarabond 797 Onoo 1247 ’ Rosette 4th 2128 Golden Fern 4711 Sultana’s Rosette 2881 Wwwwao www 00 CO RP ROOT ~T00 © The outstanding feature of this table is noticeable on in- spection. The number of individuals repeated on the dam’s side of the pedigree is only a fraction of those repeated on the. sire’s side of the pedigree. Since the popularity of an animal is based on what is conceived to be his worth, it follows from the above that the animals considered to be worth most are in- cluded in the sire’s side of the pedigree more often than they are included in the dam’s side of the pedigree. Such a selec- tion would seem to mean that the sires are more carefully chosen than the dams to which they are bred. This would probably follow from the obvious difference in the reproduc- tive capacities of a bull and a cow allowing as it does more freedom of choice for the bull than for the cow. 154. MatINne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. The animals occurring in the first generation of any pedi- gree do not have the same chance to repeat as do the animals in the second generation, due to the fact that the actual num- ber of animals in the first generation is only half that in the second generation. Likewise the animals in the second gener- ation do not have the same chance to repeat as do the animals in generations further removed. It is consequently more to the credit of any animal to be repeated once in the first generation than to be repeated once in subsequent generations. This point should be kept in mind in viewing the evidence presented in the table. Some notable names appear repeated in the first genera- tion on the sire’s side of the pedigrees, Imp. Golden Fern’s Lad P. S. 2160, Hood Farm Pogis 40684, Spermfield Owl 57088, Hood Farm Pogis 9th 55552 and Chief Engineer 47148. Many of these animals are repeated in the succeeding generations. Considering the number of females which appear more than once, it is a good deal to the credit of Figgis 76106 and Sperm- field Lassie 5099 to be each the dam of one of the sire’s trans- mitting high milk production and butter-fat percentage to their daughters as well as having other appearances in the pedigrees of these sires in generations further removed. The total number of times an animal appears in the pedi- grees is of most interest. Golden Lad 1242 stands head and shoulders above the other animals in this particular with 25 appearances, I5 on the sire’s side of the pedigree and 10 on the dam’s side. The other animals come in the order named. The numbers in parenthesis give (1) the number of appearances on the sire’s side of the pedigrees and (2) the number on the dam’s side of the pedigrees. Boyle 1559 (8-6), Tormentor 259 (6-7), Imp. Golden Fern’s Lad 2160 (8-4), Golden Fern 4711 (7-4), Ida’s Stoke Pogis 15658 (7-4), Sultanne’s Favorite 873 (9-0), Golden Lass Ath 2447 (8-0), Oonan 1485 (6-2), Sultana’s Rosette 2881 (6:2); “Bachelor of St) 1) 4558 (6-1); Ida of Stale 21090 (6-1), Baron’s Sophie 17615 (2-5), Sophie’s Tormentor 21883 (2-5), Hood Farm Pogis 40584 (5-0) and Oonan’s Pogis 17165 (5-0) are the animals with more than four appearances on the sire’s side of the pedigree or more than three on the dam’s side. The number of appearances of these animals are chiefly of in- Stupies IN Mitk SEcRETION 155 terest in comparison with the animals which have several ap- pearances in the pedigrees of the sires which lower the milk production and butter-fat percentage of their daughters as com- pared with the milk production and butter-fat percentage of their dams. ‘The complete lists for these sires classified in the same way as the previous list is given in table 13. TABLE 13. Animals Repeated in Pedigrees of Sires which Decreased the Milk Production and Butter-Fat Percentage of thew, Daughters as Compared with the Milk Production and Butter-Fat Percentage of thew Dams. Sire’s Side of Pedigree Number Dam’s Side of Pedigree Number FIRST GENERATION of FIRST GENERATION of Name and No. Appear Name and No. Appear- ances ances Hood Farm Pogis 9th 55552 3 Fontaine 8th 5608 1. Eminent 2d 2532 2 Mabel 35th 63811 il Hood Farm Torono 60326 2 Gelatine 3d 114531 1 Gertie’s Son 66463 2 Mabel’s Raleigh 3722 2 Imp. Golden. Fern’s Lad 2160 1 The Owl 2195 1 Merry Maiden’s Grandson 171003 1 Harry Torment’s Signal 39846 1 Admiral Noel 53882 1 Mabel’s Poet 2964 1 Caiest 2591 1 SECOND GENERATION SECOND GENERATION Stoke Pogis of Prospect 29121 4 Boyle 1559 2 Imp. Golden Fern’s Lad 2160 3 (Gen, Janecont 42212 2 Hood Farm Pogis 40684 3 (Caiest 2591 1 Figgis 76106 3 Champion Flying Fox 2729 1 Eminent’s Raleigh 3 |Torono 25204 1 Gertie of Glynllyn 74474 3 \Imp. Golden Fern’s Lad 2160 1 Torono 25204 2 ||Gelatine 61404 1 Eminence 7124 2 Carnation’s Fern’s Lad 2826 1 Tormentor’s Lass 59832 2 [Mabel 28rd 3213 1 Oxford Lass 3582 2 Henry Hudson 27970 1 Champion Flying Fox 2729 2 ||Minute Gun 34776 1 Mabel Marcus 8611 2 Admiral Noel 53882 1 Mabel 35th 6311 1 |'Hood Farm Torono 60326 1 Ethleel 2d 32291 1 |Commilla 79614 1 Marion 1690 1 [Lord Harry 3445 it Caumais Lad 2257 1 |Hamley 2637 1 Caiest 2591 1 |\Lanison 15283 1 Merry Maiden’s Grandson 171003 1 Melia Ann’s Stoke Pogis 22042 1 Golden Fern 4711 1 Kate Gordon 8387 1 Boyle 1559 1 | Fontaine’s King 2207 | 1 Alicante 3880 | 1 ' Merry Maiden’s 8d Son 60516 | 1 Faney’s Harry 9777 il i} St. Lambert Boy 17408 1 Oonan 28th of Hood Farm 163228 1 || Croton Maid 4th 26729 1 | Landseer’s Columbus 30839 1 Matenee 73063 1 | 156 Matne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. THIRD GENERATION Golden Lad 1242 Boyle 1559 Eminent 2d 25382 Sophie’s Tormentor 20883 Ida Marigold 32615 Imp. Golden Fern’s Lad 2160 Sultana’s Rosette 2881 Stoke Pogis 5th 5987 Tormentor 259 Oonan’s Pogis 17165 Golden Fern 4711 Count Wolseley 928 Girletta 61472 Ramapose’s Bachelor 25900 Birdsey Surprise 483826 Rill 6982 Kathlettas’ Fancy 60738 Lord Harry 3445 Minute Gun 34776 Diploma’s Grinella 145775 Marcus 2461 Mabel 31st 5324 Oonan’s Tormentor 22280 Rhoda Hudson, 48728 Oxtord Primrose 2252 Addie P. 41428 Blue Belle 4807 1919, NNNNNNNNNNWWWWWWWW EP PR OLOIOITR © ! THIRD GENERATION /Golden Lad 1242 ‘Sophie’s Tormentor 20883 ‘Tootsie 3214 Ida’s Rioter of St. L. 13656 |Lord Dartmouth 6302 \Financial King 2624 |Kindergarten’s Duke 20065 Ninety-nine 94158 ‘Moss Rose of Willow Farm 5194 Garfield of Woodstock 35621 Gertie of Glynllyn 74474 | FouRTH GENERATION Golden Lad 1242 Tormentor 259 Sultanne’s Favorite 873 Boyle 1559 Golden Lass 4th 2447 Imp. Golden Fern’s Lad 2160 Tootsie 3214 Ida’s Rioter of St. L. 18656 Eminence 7124 Tonan 1485 Arawana Marigold 9380 Ida’s Stoke Pogis 138658 Bachelor of St. Lambert 4558 Baron’s Sophie 17615 Golden Fern 4711 Diploma 16219 Sarabond 797 Stoke Pogis 1259 Rosette 4th 2128 Marjorain 3239 Young Fancy 97 Angela 1607 Sultanne 7 Canada’s John Bull 8888 Brown Fern 2d 1944 Wolseley 401 Hope 1948 Lulu 5323 Pedro of the Valley 8750 Usilda’s Pride 13921 Ida’s Landseer 17745 Crocker 19563 Kathletta 19567 Flashy Jessie 2d 23332 Ramapose 24006 an = H WWWWWWWWNWWWWW EE PRP PPP OTOTOIOIOIOURATMHMWOO | || FOURTH GENERATION ‘Golden Lad 1242 |Bachelor of St. Lambert 4558 |Eurotas 2454 j |Combination 43889 |Diploma 16219 ‘Golden Lass 4th 2447 |Sultanne’s Favorite 873 |Tormentor 259 | Boyle |Baron’s Sophie 17615 |Mermaid of St. Lambert 2d 39369 |Nora’s Hugo Pogis 26199 Garfield Stoke Pogis 26199 NNONNNNNNNWOPR WWHOWW RAR RRR OT Stuptes 1N Mitk SECRETION 157 The animals appearing in tablé 13 which have more than four appearances on the sire’s side or more than three appear- ances on the dam’s side of the pedigree may be arranged in the same manner as for table 12. The names of the animals in italics also appear in the list of superior sires. Golden Lad 1242 (22-11), Boyle (15-6), Imp. Golden Ferns Lad 2160 (15-4), Tormentor 259 (14-4), Golden Lass 4th 2447 (8-4), Sultanne’s Favorite 873 (9-4), Golden Fern 4711 (8-3), Tootsie 3214 (7-3), Bachelor of St. L. 4558 (5-5), Diploma 16219 (5-5), Sophie's Tormentor 20883 (5-4), Eminence 7124 (7-1), Emi- nent 2d 2532 (7-1), Ida’s Rioter of St. L. 13656 (6-2), Baron’s Sophie 17615 (5-3), Stoke Pogis 5th 5987 (6-0), Sultana’s Rosette 2881 (5-1), Count Wolseley 928 (5-1), Combination 4389 (5-1), Ida Marigold 32615 (5-0), Stoke Pogis of Pros- pect 29121 (5-0), Hood Farm Pogis 40684 (5-0), [das Stoke Pogis 13658 (5-0), Arawana Marigold 9380 (5-0), Oonan 1485 (5-0), Eurotas 2454 (0-4), Lord Dartmouth 6302 (0-4), con- stitute the animals which appear in the pedigree of the sires whose progeny performance is poor. The names in italics in the above group of animals make it clear that most of the sires whose progeny test shows them superior have ancestors in common with the sires whose pro- geny test show them inferior. This is especially true for the sires which appear a large number of times for either group. Examination of table 12 in conjunction with table 13 shows that no sires who increased the production of his daughters has ancestors which repeat four times on the male side or three times on the female side which do not also appear in the pedi- grees of the inferior sires decreasing the production of both these items. A similar examination of this list of bulls ex- tracted from table 13 shows that the only bull which does not appear at all in the pedigrees of the bulls which increased their daughters’ production is Lord Dartmouth 6302 (0-4). When cognizance is taken of the fact that the appearances of a bull in table 12 should be multiplied by 1.7 to make them comparable with table 13 as there are only 28 pedigrees in this table to 47 in table 13 it at once becomes clear that in the num- ber of appearances of these bulls even though all the bulls which appear four times on the male side or 3 times on the female side in the first table also appear in the second pedi- 158 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. grees. Thus Ida’s Stoke Pogis 15658, Golden Lad 1242, Gold- en Fern 4711, Sultana’s Rosette 2881, Oonan 1485, Ida of St. Lambert 24990 and Oonan’s Pogis 17165 appear more often in the pedigrees of the sires who increase the production of their progeny than they do in the pedigrees of the sires whose progeny performed poorly. . From this pedigree analysis certain conclusions may be drawn as to the value of pedigree study in determining the worth of a Jersey sire. It is clear that animals, like Golden Lad 1242, may occur in the pedigree of sires of inferior merit as well as in the pedigree of sires of real worth. The instances of this are not rare for as may be seen from the two tables practically every animal which appears in the one group of the pedigrees also appears in the pedigrees of the other group. These facts make it clear that the only true test of an animal’s worth is the performance of his progeny. It is also clear that the study of the pedigree as ordinarily made by the breeder has very little real significance. This performance test may as in this study be entirely devoid of any hypothesis or preconceived notion of inheritance or the worth of any in- dividual animal. SUMMARY This paper has as its objective a “Progeny Performance” analysis of the American Jersey Registry of Merit Sires, to ascertain the nature of their transmitting qualities for milk production, butter-fat percentage and butter-fat, the whole to be put in concrete, easily understandable, numerical terms. For this purpose we define the sire which causes his daughters to be better producers, whether it be in quantity or quality of their milk, than their dams, as sires superior in their transmitting qualities, for either or both of these variables and the sires as inferior in their transmitting qualities for quantity or quality of milk when their daughters are poorer producers than their dams. The numerical measure for these transmitting qualities of a given sire is the difference between his daughters and their dam’s milk production, butter-fat percentage and butter-fat as the case may be. The plus sign indicates the sire of superior transmitting qualities; the minus sign the sire of inferior trans- Strupies 1N Mitk SECRETION 159 mitting qualities. The numerical value of the difference denotes the extent to which a sire’s transmitting qualities are superior or inferior. Certain technical difficulties arise in the application of the test. The milk records are made at any age up to seventeen years old. Now it is known that age changes, change the milk production of a cow. It is necessary to eliminate these age variations before a comparison can be made between a daugh- ter’s milk production and her dam’s milk production to obtain the sire’s transmitting ability. These age variations in milk production and butter-fat percentage may be corrected for when the relation between age of the cow and these variables milk production and butter-fat percentage, are known. This correction has been applied to all these records of daughter- dam pairs before they were used in this study. The standard age chosen was eight years. The quartile limits for the corrected milk production and butter-fat percentage were determined both for the daughters and for the dams that composed the daughter-dam pairs. These quartile limits are shown in table 2. This information showed the daughter’s milk production to be the same: as the dam’s milk production within the limits of random sampling, the daughter’s butter-fat percentage to be lower than the dam’s by a slightly significant amount. The probable errors of the sire’s transmitting: qualities (=Daughter’s performance—Dam’s performance) are derived from the standard deviations of the corrected milk production and butter-fat percentage. These probable errors are shown in table 3. The probable error for a single daughter-dam pair was so large that it was deemed advisable to limit this study to those sires which have two or more such pairs. The quartile lines divide the population into four equal parts. These parts are designated A the highest, B the next highest, C the next lower and D the lowest. The relative milk production or butter-fat percentage of each daughter-dam pair has been determined in this manner. The position of the dam is placed first and the position of the daughter second. Thus a record AB for milk production states that the dam’s milk production was above 10403 pounds, and the daughter’s milk production between 9213 and 10780 pounds. 160 Martner AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. By the use of these methods three tables have been formed. The first table, No. 4, gives the necessary information to show what were the transmitting qualities of Jersey sires for milk production. The second table, No. 5, shows the information necessary to determine the transmitting qualities of Jersey sires for butter-fat percentage. The third table, No. 6, shows the transmitting qualities for these same Jersey sires for net butter-fat. There are 224 Jersey Registry of Merit sires which meet the requirements of this performance test for their transmitting qualities in milk production. One hundred and five of these sires or less than one-half raise the milk production of their daughters over that of the dams of these daughters. The larg- est number of daughter-dam pairs is 39 for the sire Hood Farm ~ Pogis 9th, 55552. Of those sires which have a large number of pairs, Hood Farm Torono 60326 with 34 pairs stands first in his transmitting qualities raising the milk production of his daugh- ters on the average 2620.1 pounds. ‘The relative milk produc- tions of his daughter-dam pairs on a percentage basis are 26 AA+3AB+9BA+3BC+32CA++9CB+9DA+3DB+3DC. De- scribed in words, this bull was bred to 26 per cent of the high- est group of milking cows and produced 26 per cent of the highest group of milking daughters; bred to 3 per cent of the highest group of milking cows he produced 3 per cent of the second highest group of daughters, etc. The next sire with a good number of daughters was Sperm- field Owl. This bull with 26 daughter-dam pairs raised the milk production of these daughters on the average 1695.7 pounds. The relative milk productions of his daughter-dam pairs on a percentage basis are r2PpAA-+4AB+4AC+23BA+12BB+4BC +8CA+8CB+4CD+12DA+4DB+8DD. Among the other sires standing well up in the lists might be mentioned Queen’s Raleigh, 88232; Sans Aloi 81012; Tem- isia’s Interested Prince 71698; The Lebyanstoiran Lad 89792; and Chief Engineer 47148. Two hundred and twenty-five sires are included in the table 5 giving the sires which met the requirements of the daughter-dam performance test for transmitting qualities of butter-fat percentage. Out of this number ror sires raised the butter-fat percentage of their daughter’s milk as compared with the butter-fat percentage of the dams of these daughters. Stupres IN Mitk SECRETION 161 The leading sire in this butter-fat percentage performance test was Clear Brook Chief 74685 raising his daughter on the average 1.338 per cent of butter-fat. This sire had two daugh- ter-dam pairs. The dams were both in the lowest group for butter-fat percentage (class D) and this sire raised his daugh- ter from these dams to the highest group (Class A). Among the sires with a fair number of daughter-dam pairs which raised the butter-fat percentage to a marked degree might be mentioned Irene’s King Pogis 73182; Merry Maiden’s Grandson 71003; Pogis 75th of Hood Farm 94501; Jacoba’s Emanon 84177; and Golden Fern’s Son 78687. Hood Farm Pogis goth leads in number of daughter-dam pairs with 42. This bull raised the butter-fat percentage of his daughter on the average of 0.243 per cent over the butter-fat percentage of the dams of their daughters. The sires mentioned as superior in the milk transmitting ability, Hood Farm Torono and Spermfield Owl, do not check up so well in their ability to transmit high butter-fat percent- age. Hood Farm Torono caused his daughter on the average to be 0.225 per cent of butter-fat below what the dams of these daughters produced. Spermfield Owl only raised his daughters on the average 0.027 per cent of butter-fat over what the dams of these daughters produced. There are 224 sires of known transmitting ability for net butter-fat given in table 6. Of this number only 99 sires raise the butter-fat production of their daughters over that of their dams. The sires which raised the production of their daughters’ butter-fat most were Sans Aloi 81012, Signal’s Successor 72758, and Golden Glow’s Chief 61460. The sires which made the deepest impress on the breed by raising the butter-fat of the largest number of daughters over that of their dams was Hood Farm Torono with 34 pairs and an average increase for each daughter of 121.51 pounds of butter-fat. The next bull, Sperm- field Owl, with 26 pairs raised the butter-fat production 97.71 pounds on the average for each of his daughters. Some of the bulls lowering the production of their daughters markly were Gertie’s Son of Washington 83799, Hood Farm S. Tormentor 96311, and Oxford Lad’s Owl 75599. The information summarized above was arranged in table 7 to reveal the transmitting qualities for milk production, but- 162 MatIneé AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, ter-fat percentage and butter-fat of Jersey sires to their sons. There were in this table 159 sires which had sons whose pro- geny performance was known. Of this number 69 or, signifi- cantly less than half had sons who raised the butter-fat pro- duction of their daughters over that of their dams. Among these sires who had sons of merit Signal’s Crown Prince 61621 and Chief Engineer 47148 are the leaders. Among those sires whose sons lowered the butter-fat productions of their daugh- ters may be mentioned Merry Maiden’s Grandson 91003 and Ethleel 2d’s Jubilee 18249. The sires of superior merit are defined as those which raise the milk production and butter-fat percentage of their daughters as compared with that of their dams. The inferior sires are defined as those sires who lower the milk production and butter-fat percentage of their daughters as compared with the same variables in their dams. The superior sires so de- fined*are arranged in table.8 by the amount of butter-fat that they increase the production of their daughters over that of their dams. The inferior sires are classified in table g accord- ing to the amount of butter-fat that they decrease the produc- tion of their daughters in comparison with that of their dams. These two groups of sires are subjected to four generation pedi- gree analysis to determine their inbreeding and relationship, the amount of Island and American stock, “males and females” and “on the sire’s side of the pedigree and on the dam’s side of the pedigree,’ and the individual animals most frequently repeated into two groups of pedigrees. There are 28 sires in the group of sires superior in their transmitting qualities for milk production and butter-fat per- centage. In the group of sires inferior in their transmitting ability for these two characters there are 47 sires, a ratio of I to 1.7. Such a difference speaks for itself. It emphasizes with startling clearness the need of exact knowledge of the trans- mitting qualities of bulls to be bred as sires and of the neces- sity for exact knowledge of the inheritance of milk production and butter-fat percentage. _ The inbreeding coefficients show that the sires of superior merit have 7.08 per cent of the greatest possible inbreeding up to the fifth ee oui The inferior sires are inbred 9.65 per cent of the greatest possible amount (continued brother and Strupies 1n Mirx SEcRETION 163 sister mating). The group of sires poorer in their transmitting qualities are consequently more inbred than the group of sires with superior transmitting qualities. The analysis of the pedigrees for the amount of relation- ship that may exist between the sire and dam of the individual bulls in the superior group and in the inferior group shows that there is little or no difference in the amount of this rela- tionship within the two groups. The resolution of the four generation pedigrees into the Island bred Jerseys and by difference into the American bred Jerseys showed the mean number of island males in the pedi- grees of the superior sires’ group to be 8.07 and the mean num- ber of females 7.79. The mean number of island bred males in the inferior sires’ group were shown to be 6.94 and the mean number of females 6.55. The group of sires which increased the production of their daughters over that of their dams had, consequently, more island bred stock in their pedigrees. The females in each group of the pedigrees had a less proportion of island bred individuals than the males had in each of the groups. This same information on island bred animals is revealed when classified as to whether the animals occur on the sire’s or dam’s side of the pedigree that the superior sires have by a small percentage more island bred animals in the sire’s side of their pedigree than do the inferior sires and that the supe- rior sires have a larger number, probably significantly larger number of island ancestors in the female side of the pedigree than do the inferior sires. The figures are 8.82 to 8.19 and 7.04 to 5.30. The number of ancestors of island breeding on the sire’s side of the pedigree is in both cases larger than the number of island bred ancestors on the dam’s side of the pedi- grees. These conclusions are further substantiated by a study of the proportion of island ancestors in the great-great-grand parents of these two groups of sires. Study of the pedigrees of these two groups of sires dis- closes the fact that all the animals which appeared in the pedi- grees of the superior sires on the male side of the pedigrees more than four times or on the female side of the pedigree more than three times also had appearances in the pedigrees of the sires inferior in their transmitting qualities. This fact 164 Matne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, alone makes it clear that the appearance of certain famous ani- mals in a pedigree of a given bull is no guarantee of that par- ticular bull’s worth. LITERATURE LuisT. (1) Gowen, John W. (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) 1918. Studies in Inheritance of certain characters of crosses between dairy and beef breeds of cattle. In Jour of Agr Research) v7 XV No. i pamesye 191g. Variations and Mode of Secretion of Milk Solids. In Journal of Agr. Research, v. XVI, No. 3, p. 79-102. Unpublished data. Miner, John Rice 1915. Fitting logarithmic curves by the method of moments. In Journal of Agr. Research, v. III, No. 5, Pp. 411-423. Pearl, Raymond 1909. The Frequency Constants of a Variable Z—= tGax,). in Biometrika, v. Vis py 437-488: 1911. Inheritance in “Blood Lines” in Breeding Ani- mals for Performance, with Special Reference to the 200 Egg Hen. In Annual Rept. Amercian Breeder’s INSSs Wg, WIL jy Bue oy 1913. A Contribution toward an analysis of the problem of inbreeding. In Amer. Nat. v. XLVII, Pp. 577-614. 1914. On the law relating milk flow to age in dairy cattle In Proce Soe Exp. Bioly and Wicd rivet 2s No: Ie PA eLO-1O: 1917. Studies on Inbreeding. VII. Some further considerations regarding the measurement and nu- merical expression of degrees of kinship. In Amer. Nat. v. LI, p. 545-559. (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) Stupres 1N MitK S&EcrETION 165 1917. Studies on Inbreeding. VIII. A single numeri- cal measure of the total amount of inbreeding. In Amer. Nat. v. LI, p. 636-639. Pearl, Raymond and Miner, John R. 1919. The variation of the Milk of Ayrshire cows in the Quantity and Fat content of their milk. In Jour. of Agr. Research. v. XVII, No. 6, p. 285-322. Pearl, Raymond and Patterson, Sidney W. 1917. The changes of milk flow with age, as deter- mined from the seven day records of Jersey cattle. Prine pt. Mame Aer Exp. Stay p: 145-152: The American Jersey Cattle Club. IQII-1916 Registry of Merit. v. 1-4. Sibley, John R. 1918. Registry of Merit Progress. II. Leading Na- tive Sires. In the Jersey Bulletin v. XX XVII, No. 12, p. 425 and 457. 1918. Registry of Merit Progress. III. Leading Im- ported Sires. In The Jersey Bulletin. v. XXXVII, No. 13, p. 467. 166 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. Appendix Table.* Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change Corrected Corrected R. M. Age Milk | Fat Fat R. M. Age Milk | Fat Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. . Lbs. % Lbs. ADELAIDE’S MERRY POGIS 91865 (Sire 76629, Dam 168699) | | 10629 | 5.707 4895 | 490 8:2 2:2 | 11956 | 5.488 AA | BO 2470 4:7 | 138646 | 5.201 3919) 1:11} 7946 | 5.736 AC | DB 544 2:6 | 12426 | 5.344 | 4896 1:11) 9342 | 5.842 AB | CB Mean : 12233.7| 5.417) 662.70 9748.0} 5.689) 554.56 | AGATHA’S BROOKHILL FOX. 69633 (Sire 68212, Dam P. S. 3440C) 997 5:9 7626 | 7.311 1519 2:5 9525 | 5.909 DB | AB 996 2:10} 9828 | 5.1388 3637 4:7 | 13844 | 5.365 BA | DO Mean 8727.0) 6.225) 543.26) 11684.5| 5.637) 658.66, ALCARANO. 69653 (Sire 58507, Dam 136333) 519 6:0 | 10813 | 5.460 | 2958 7:5 | 11985 | 5.171 AA | CD 521 4:1 9506 | 5.855 | 3262 7:1 5860 | 6.656 BD | BA 600 6:3 9199 | 6.107 602 7:0 | 11140 | 6.084 BA | AA 522 7:0 | 11929 | 5.658 1635 | 6:6 | 10689 | 5.246 AA | BO Mean 10361.7) 5.770! 597.87) 9918.5| 5.789) 574.18 ALTAMA INTEREST. 98466 (Sire 66705, Dam 197262) 849 5:5 8968 | 5.372 4014 2:0 7444 | 5.388 BD | CC iGY/ 3:5 9850 | 5.436 3883 1:11) 9118 | 5.908 BB | CB 257 6:9 | 10856 | 4.578 4565 2:0 8487 | 5.913 AC | DB 852 7:3 8212 | 6.737 4110) 1:11} 6732 | 6.175 CD | AA Mean : 9471.5) 5.531) 523.87 | 7945.3) 5.846) 464.48 ALTAMA’S POGIS. 77089 (Sire 68518, Dam 191441) 1829 6:0 9816 | 5.674 1828 3:0 9409 | 5.291 BB | BC 22:79) 4:1 9571 | 5.522} \| 2347 2:4 8463 | 5.323 BC | CC 2282 5:11} 8189 | 5.714 | 2280 221 7857 | 5.645 | CD | BB. Mean 9192.0) 5.637) 518.15) 8576.3) 5.420) 464.84 a rhs table contains the original data from which tables 1 to 9 of the text are made. The general heading for the table is given at the top of each page. Immedi- ately following this heading is the bull’s name and herd book number. Below and immediately following this name is given the corrected record of this bull’s daugh- ters and the dams of these daughters. These records consist of the Registry of Merit number, the age, the milk (in pounds), the butter fat per cent and butter fat (in pounds) corrected for age as explained in the text. The quartile change, gives the quartiles, lettered as described, in which the milk production of the dam and of the daughter is found. The same information is given for the fat pDer- centage. The line marked mean gives the mean corrected milk, butter fat percent- age and butter fat production of the dams and of the daughters. The net gains or losses (plus or minus) of the corrected milk, butter fat percentage and butter fat of a given bull are arranged in tables to . These are found by sub- tracting the dam’s corrected mean milk, butter fat percentage or butter fat from the daughter’s mean milk, butter fat percentage or butter fat as the case may be. The name and record of the next bull, arranged as described, immediately fol- lows that of the first bull. The arrangement of the table is alphabetical according to the bull’s name. Stupres IN MILK SECRETION 167 Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change A cert Wn ial tae ga kh Corrected Corrected | R. M.| Age Milk | Fat | Fat ||R. M.| Age Milk | Fat | Fat || Milkk| Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. A Lbs. AMY’S CHIEF. 74154 (Sire 61458, Dam 200435) 2967; 8:11| 9927 | 5.404 1771, 5:0 | 7012 | 5.992 || BD | OB 1315 7:0 | 11957 | 6.305 1605 6:2 | 12314 |: 6.115 | AA | AA 2967 8:11) 9927 | 5.404 1313} 5:11) 7773 | 5.841 || BD | CB 1315 7:0 | 11957 | 6.305 1314 3:1 | 10652 | 5.969 || AA | AB Mean 10942.0) 5.855) 640.65 9487.7| 5.979| 564.28} ATWELL FARM MELIA ANN’S KING. 97392 (Sire 56581, Dam 207551) 4396 6:9 | 9837 | 5.317 | 4884 2:2 | 8440 | 5.927 (PBOsIOB 5022 7:6 | 11697 | 4.567 | 4820 2:2 | 118438 | 5.472 AA | DO Mean 10767.0| 4.942 bezel 10141.5) 5.699) 577.96) BARONETTI’S GOLDEN LAD. 67908 (Sire 57498, Dam 132059) 1914 7:8) 6496 | 6.211 2441 3:7 | 8340 | 5.480| | pe AC 2959 6:3 | 9020 | 5.010 2555 3:11) 11025 | 5.580] | BA | DO Mean 7758.0) 5.611) 435.30) 9682.5) 5.530 585.44) BENEDICTINE KING. 986100 (Sire 77648, Dam 196142) 3448 5:5 | 12792 | 4.650 3449 3:6 | 10863 | 5.178 || AA | DD 3448 5:5 | 12792 | 4.650 4484 2:1 | 9486 | 4.782 AB | DD Mean 12792.0| 4.650) 594.83 10174.5) 4.980} 506.69 {| <3 BEN HUR POGIS. 38370 (Sire 28476, Dam 57485) | | | qf 1637 9:9 | 10230 | 4.970 1586 7:0 | 9793 | 5.830 BB | DC 520 9:1 | 12905 | 5.726 519 6:0 | 10813 | 5.460} AA | BO 2239| 13:7 6.040 | 523 8:5 | | 5.997| AA Mean 11567.5| 5.579) 645.35) 10308.0 5.596) 576.56) | | i lI BESSIE BATEH’S LAD. 78296 (Sire 68013, Dam 155378) 925 5:0 | 10663 | 5.021 ! 3102 3:8 | 10582 | none | AA | DD 925} 5:0 | 10663 | 5.021 | 2331) - 2:2 | 12048 | 5.092] || AA | DD Mean 10663.0) 5.021 535.39) | 11312.5| 5.005| 566.19] BILTMORE’S TORMENT. 60761 (Sire 56234, Dam 149560) | ] | | 721; 8:5 9193 | 5.632 ! 1149 2:0 | 8136 | 4.829 || BC | BD 736) 7:1 | 8401 | 5.971 835 6:11; 9179 | 5.711) || CB | BB 838| 16:2 5.990) | 719| 3:3 | | 5.704 \ BB 720| 7:6 | ‘777 | 6.284] | 1145) 2:10| 7817 | 5.355 || DD | AC 736, 7:1 | 8401 | 5.971| 1144) 4:1 | 7978 | 5.792 | CC | BB Mean, | 8443.0) 5.970) 504.05) | | 8277.5| 5.478| 453.44|| | | | \| | | | 168 Matne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change : [SAMAR Corrected Corrected | R. M.| Age | Milk | Fat | Fat || R. M.| Age | Milk | Pat | Fat || Milk! Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % Lbs. BLUE BELLE’S GOLD FERN. 79043 (Sire 69196, Dam 195782) | | 1687/ 9:9 | 10280 | 4.970) | 2079 3:7 | 10789 | 4.773 BA | DD 1635, 6:6 | 10689 | 5.246) | 2081 4:5 | 12635 | 5.438 AA | CO 1586, 7:0 | 9793 | 5.330| | 2952 3:7 | 8576 | 5.753 BO | CB Mean 10237.3) 5.182, 530.50 10666.7) 5.182) 530.50) BROWN BESSIE’S COLUMBUS. 68364 (Sire 29239, Dam 58398) | | Tl | | i 4244 7:1 | 8145 | 5.192 | 4246 4:6 | 10071 | 4.924 || CB | DD 4244 7:1 | 8145 | 5,192 || 4947 3:7 | 8681 | 5.475 (OKO) |) 100) 4244 7:1 | 8145 | 5.192 || 4248 2:9 | 8660 | 4.738 | CG | DD Mean| 8145.0} 5.192 422.89 9137.3) 5.046) 461.07 | | | | | BROWN LASSIE’S COMPASS. - 71626 (Sire 68873, Dam 173981) ] ] \| | | 1033 5:8 | 8022 | 5.416 | 2048 1:10) 7423 | 5.361 CD | CCG 1506] 3:11) 9848 | 6.207 || 4555 2:2 | 9806 | 5.475 BB | AC 1192 9:8 | 8178 | 7.233 | 1194 2:7 | 6417 | 6.226 CD | AA 1307 6:2 | 8687 | 5.269 || 9044 2:3 | 7893 | 4.656 || CD | CD 1191/ 6:10) 9920 | 5.723 | 2045 2:5 | 8768 | 5.113 || BC | BD Mean | 8981.0) 5.970) 538.18) | 8061.4) Boe 432.57 | | CHANNEL KING. 62762 (Sire 29121, Dam 216420) 7e4) 9:0 | 8798 | 5.739| 1004 7:3 | 15114 | 5.627 || CA | BB 764| 9:0 | 8798 | 5.739] | Gaal 5:3 | 7146 | 6.148 || CD | BA Mean) 8798.0) 5.739, 504.92 11130.9|) 5.887} 655.22 | | Z | CHENILLE’S GOLDEN PRINCE. 91769 (Sire 60386, Dam 152644) | | H 5 5166] 5:6 | 10758 | 5.514) 5028 2:9 | 13084 | 5.868 AA | CB 4323) 5:9 | 7943 | 4.969) | 4331 3:2 | S101 | 5.142 CC | DD Mean) | 9350.5) 5.241 499.06 | | 10592.5| 5.505| 583.12 | | CHIEF ENGINEER. 47148 (Sire 39344, Dam 88038) | | | | | & 71 8:0 | 9418 | 5.178] ! ATT 2:3 | 13397 | 4.536} | BA | DD 215 5:2 | 9393 | 6.487| i 262 1:10) 11919 | 5.390! || BA | AC 30 4:2| 8075 | 6.772! | 373 2:2 | 8111 | 5.664 || CG | AB 30 4:2) 8075 | 6.772 | 478 2:1 | 11762 | 5.405 | CA | AG 3 5:6 | 5.430 | 386 2:2 | | 5.346 | CO) 46 3:3 | 8556 | 5.885 | 385 2:0 | 12386 | 4.997 | CA: | BD 230 3:5 | 12569 | 5.008 | 487 2:4 | 11558 | 5.407| | AA | DC Mean 9347.7 5.933 554.60. | | 11522.2) 5.249) 604.80, ! | ! i | Ul CINXIA’S GAMBOGE LAD. 90848 (Sire 67284, Dam 100031) | | | 1894 7:9'| 9847 | 6.224) I 5046 | 2:4 | 10317 | 6.041 BB | AA 2608 8:2 | 7868 | 6.427] | 5228 2:0 | 8193 | 6.261 DCG | AA 1732) 5:11) 10452 | 5.842 | 4771 9:1] 9793 | 5.213 | AB | BD Mean | 9222.3) 6.164, 568.46) 9434.3] 5.838 eon | | | | {} Stupiges IN Mitx SEcRETION 169 Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAM DAUGHTER | Change Corrected Oorrected | | { R. M. | Age Milk | Fat | Fat ||R. M.| Age Mik | Fat | Fat || Milk| Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % Lbs. || [ CLEAR BROOK CHIEF. 74685 (Sire 47148, Dam 163761) | { ‘ | 236 2:0 | 10182 | 4.803 4891) 5:0 9247 | 6.128 || BB | DA 236 2:0 | 10182 | 4.803 4890) 6:0 | 11673 | 6.155 || BA | DA Mean 10182.0| 4.803) 489.04 10460.0| 6.141 ass COMBINATION GOLDEN LAD. 59292 (Sire 54422, Dam 94942) | 41 5:8 | 16199 | 5.723 411 2:3 9499 | 5.376 I AB | BO 87 4:11) 8501 5,195 217 2:2 9817 | 4.908 | CB | DD 3 5:6 5.430 160 2:4 5.248 CO 44 2:6 9738 | 5.264 374 2:0 9025 | 4.888 | BB | CD Mean 11479.3) 5.403) 620.23 9447.0) 5.104 482.17) 1 COPPER BARON. 64453 (Sire 61378, Dam 160354) | ] 1777 8:2 7044 6.441 | 1776) 6:2 8159 | 5.387 || DC | AO 1875 9:3 8625 | 6.077 | 1775) 5:5 9641 5.156 || CB | AD Mean 7834.5} 6.259] 490.36) 8900.0) 5.271} 469.12 COWSLIP’S ASHLEY. 83633 (Sire 3899, H. C., Dam 211631) T 5191 2:11) 10698 | 4.405 4450 3:5 7557 | 6.006 | AD | DA 1632 6:9 | 8646 | 5.488 | 4447 2:5 | 7083 | 5.339 || CD | CC 1631 11:6 8799 | 6.329 4446 3:11| 7963 | 5.370 || CC | AC Mean 9381.0} 5.407) 507.23 7534.8) 5.572| 419.81 | CREAM PRINCESS’ FRITZ. 65915 (Sire 58018, Dam 64800) 382 4:7 | 10652 | 4.970 2262) 2:3 | 10529 | 4.874 || AA | DD 382 4:7 | 10652 | 4.970 1698 4:5 | 10621 5.376 | AA | DO Mean 1652.0) 4.970) 529.40 | 10575.0) 5.125) 541.97) DAISY’S PRINCE OF ST. L. 75487 (Sire 69956, Dam, 173726) 1407 5:0 | 11378 | 6.000 4801 4:8 | 10517 | 6.473 AA | AA 493 5:11} 11742 | 4.942 2668 | 4:5 8685 | 5.173) | AC | DD Mean 11560.0) 5.471) 632.45 | 9601.0) 5.823) 559.07) DORINDA DARLING’S DIPLOMA. 71816 (Sire 60516, Dam 146249) . Ga ] | e 264 1:11} 7982 5.9385 | 841 UES) 7215 5.933 CD | BB 372 2:0 | 10832 | 4.827 | 3969 4:4 | 9501 5.058} AB | DD 166) 2:11} 11344 | 5.136 840 7:0 | 14416 | 4.833) || AA | DD 286, 5:7 | 8176 | 5.812) | 545, 1:10| 9396 | 5.318) || CB | BC 842) 11:1 7901 6.197 1334) 2:6 9710 5.896) || DB | AB 162 2:6 9213 | 5.356 4889) 6:4 | 11467 | 5.288| BA | CC Mean 9241.3 5.544) care | 10284.2| 5.388) 554.11 | | i u | | | 170 Maine AGricULTURAL EXPERIMENT StaTION. 1919, Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change pi —— al oe ey | Correeted Corrected | | ie R, M. Age Milk | Fat Fat || R. M. Age Milk | Fat | Fat || Milk} Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % | Lbs. EMINENT 4th. 76078 (Sire 69631, Dam 172318) = 7 2810 10:9 8331 | 5.619 | 2811, 228 8849 6.057 CO BA 3920 7:2 | 6215 | 6.194) 3584 3:6 8316 | 5.472 DO | AC 3261 7:11) 10268 | 6.085 || 3260 weil 7470 | 6.575 BD | AA 3212 5:8 | 7677 | 6.862 | 3210} 2:6 8489 | 6.415 DC | AA 3209} 5:2 | 8725 | 5.543) | 3211| eal 9281 | 6.205 CB |} CA Mean) | 8243.2) 6.061) 499.62)| 8481.0) 6.145) 521.16 | I EMINENT 10th. 75753 (Sire 69631, Dam 169147) | | | \| | | 736) 7:1} 8401 | 5.971 | 4240} 3:4 | 7598 | 4.952) CD | BD 837) 3:0 | 7270 | 5.416) |] 2231) 2:0 | 6977 5.518 DD CC 736). 7:1 1 8401.) 5.971 || 2234) 2:8 | 6544 | 5.974 CD | BB 837, 3:0] 7270 | 5.416 | 92321 3:0} 6354 | 6.005 DD | CA 1144 4:1) 7978 | 5.792) i 4943 2:10) 8205 5.125 CC BD 737| 2:0 | 912% | 6.405) fh) 2622) 2:3 2779741) 5, 150 BD | AD 838 16:2 | 5.990 \| 2230 aaa: 5.763 BB 835) 6:11) 9179") 5.7711) | 1150) 1:8 | 7183 5.549) | | BD BO 1446 7 6887 | 5.710) \| 2233) 1:11} 7612 5.18) DD BD 1449 7:8 6877 | 5.687) | 2235 | 2:0) 7729 | 5.394 DD | BC Mean | 7932.2) 5.897) 460.62 | Files | 7333.2) 5.461) 400.47) | | EMINENT OF ACCA FARM. 84617 (Sire 69631, Dam 157872) 2379] 6:5 | 10410 | 5.339 4665] 2:7 | 9732 | 5.568 AB | CC 2947) 6:10) 9866 | 6.464 4306/ 1:11; 9788 | 4.879 BB | AD 9887| 6:3 | 9521 | 5.731 || 9885] 4:4 | 14832 | 5.298 BA | BG Mean| | 9932.3) 5.845] 580.54 | 11450.7| 5.248] 600.93 i EMINENT’S PILOT. 75364 (Sire 69631, Dam 141141) 3711; 8:1 | 6749 | 6.159! | 4987} 3:2 | 8195 | 5.321 pc | ac 2956, 5:4 7388 | 6.021 3249| 2:10] 12242 | 4.678 DA | AD 3248) 4:9 | 10316 | 5.561 | 4070/ 2:6 | 11156 | 4.491 BA | CD Mean 8151.0| 5.914| 482.05) 10531.0| 4.807| 506,23 | | EMINENT’S RALEIGH. 69011 (94) (Sire 69631, Dam 6982 H. C.) 904) 7:6 | 9358 | 5.735 753] 5:1 | 8304 | 5.058 BC | BD 1271| 5:11| 8293 | 6.484 2407; 3:5| 11997 | 4.832 CA | AD Mean | 9895.5] 6.110) 539.24) 10150.5| 4.945) 501.94 EMINENT’S TORMENTOR. 85936 (Sire 73078, Dam 189999) 4618] 5:2 | 8467 | 6.175 4619| 3:1 | 10274 | 5.492 CB | AC 4371| 5:7 | 6879 | 6.168| 4109} 2:9 | 8307 | 5.761 DC | AB Mean 7673.0 6.171| 473.50 9335.5| 5.627| 525.31 Strupres IN MiLk SEcRETION 171 Appendix TableContinued. Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change Corrected 3 Corrected R. M. | Age Milk | Fat | Fat || R. M. Age Milk | Fat | Fat || Milk} Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs..| % Lbs. |) EURYBIA’S BLUE BOY. 90591 (Sire 80488, Dam 188814) 4438 5:3 8383 6.263 4143 2:11) 5911 6.667 CD AA 4068 4:8 9613 5.633 4067 1:10) 11526 5.564 BA BO 4065 4:9 8473 4.740 4066 1:10) 12543 5.163 CA | DD Mean 8823.0) 5.545) 489.24 9993.3) 5.798) 579.41) EURYBIA’S SON. 68790 (Sire 67227, Dam 143822) 574 4:4 | 10040 4.701 3329 1:10) 7617 5.168 BD | DD 1195 4:9 7782 6.435 2179 3:10) 8071 6.229 DC | AA 574 4:4 | 10040 4.701 3208 225 9664 5.655 BB | DB Mean 9287.3] 5.279} 490.28)| 8450.7) 5.684| 480.34 | i} EVA’S GREY FOX. 172444 (Sire 62166, Dam 178388) 1529 7:5 | 10274 5.580 2459 3S} 8323 4.765 BC CD 1763 7:11) 8068 5.486 | 1435 5:1 | 13147 4.789 CA CD Mean 9171.0} 5.508) 505.14} 10735.0| 4.777) 512.81) EXILE OF THE HIGHLANDS. 81869 (Sire 44065, Dam 211071) 2486 8:4 9095 6.207 2634 5:1 | 10256 5.324 | BB AC 2484 7:11) . 8672 5.811 2632 5:2 7768 6.700 CD | BA 3144 5:11) 8275 5.611 4213 4:0 7831 5.938 CD BB 2486 8:4 9095 6.207 3148 2:11) 9847 5.643 BB | AB Mean 8784.3) 5.959) 523.46 8925.5) 5.901) 526.69 uP FAD. 85670 (Sire 61489, Dam 159213) 1567 2:11| 10068 5.628 2933 2:3 7663 5.476 BD BC 512 3:5 7553 6.518 2982 2B} 7321 6.521 DD | AA Mean 8810.5} 6.073} 535.06 7492.0) 5.999) 449.45 | | | FAIRFIELD’S CHANCELLOR. 174863 (Sire 63960, Dam 141049) 495 7:0 9722 5.324 1567 2:11) 10068 5.628 BB CB 2605 7:4 6872 6.654 2801) 2:4 8692 5.043 | DC | AD Mean 8297.0) 5.989 496.91 | | 9380.0) 5.335) 500.42} FAIRY GLEN’S RALEIGH. 794388 (Sire 3722 H. C., Dam 9178 H. C.) 1882 7:1 | 11469 4.592 4072 2:6 9628 5.943 AB DB 1989 4:10) 8889 6.382 2713 Bey 9859 4.993 CB | AD 1301 4:5 8945 6.317 3113 2:6 8382 5.499 BC | AO 5248 9:7 5.278 2041 5:1 4.806 : alee) 748 9:3 8338 6.123 4157 1:11) 9514 5.689 CB | AB 1138 8:6 | 10696 5.843 2531 3:6 9495 5.861 AB | BB Mean 9567.4) 5.756) 550.70 | 9375.6) 5.465|°- 512.38 172 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, Appendix Table—Continued. \ Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change Corrected Corrected R. M. Age Milk Fat Fat R. M. Age Milk Fat Fat | Milk | Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % Lbs. 3 Ne ee ee ee ee ee FERN’S AIR. 77589 (Sire 71156, Dam 142023) 4077 6:7 | 8291 | 7.371 4015) 3:11| 78338 | 6.611 CD | AA 3582) 6:0 | 11629 | 6.096 4173, 4:3 | 8197 | 6.965 AO | AA Mean 1945.0} 6.733) 670.61 8015.0) 6.788, 544.06 FINANCIAL RALEIGH. 986298 (Sire 3722 H. C., Dam 252132) ] l 1527| - 2:6 | 7602 | 6.293 2931, 2:2 8570 | 5.318 DC | AO 1168] 5:0 | 12595 | 4.691 3983; 2:5 | 11731 | 4.671 AA | DD 2072| 5:8 13087 | 5.049 3967, 1:11) 11846 | 4.160 AA | DD 1470| 3:1 | 12983 | 4.853 3934 3:1 | 9752 | 4.521 AB | DD Mean 11566.7| 5.221} 603.90 10474.7| 4.667| 488.85 FLYING FOX’S OXFORD DUKE. 2d. 176316 (Sire 61439, Dam 159197) | | | ] | 3781 5:8 | 7932 | 5.464 3940 3:7 | 8448 | 5.784 CC | OB 3783] 12:0°'| 8894 | 5.550 4214 4:0 | 9123 | 5.429 || CB | CO Mean 8413.0) 5.507) 463.30) . 8785.5) 5.607 492.60, ; FLYING FOX’S VICTOR. 64768 (230) (Sire 61441, Dam 8801 H. C.) | 563 5:0 4,836| 3170| 5:10 6.272, DA 2859 6:7 6165 6.685 3361 3:4 8014 6.083 | DC | AA 9858] 11:3 | 9456 | 6.046 3962 4:4 | 7493 | 6.000 BD | AA 579| 6:5 4.954 4391 3:10 5.287) DC Mean 7810.5) 5.630) 489.73 7753.5) 5.911) 458.31 | FONTAINE’S CAIEST. 81118 (Sire 65780, Dam 195762) | 3048 7:11| 7286 5.805 3716 1:9 8883 5.276 DC | BC 4047, 5:4 | 8709 | 5.083 4376 1:11) 9981 | 5.386 CB | DG 2330 4:2 | 16049 | 5.662 4374, 9:2 | 9440 | 5.419 AB | BG 2900! 4:0} 9113 | 5.048 4651 2:9 | 10304 | 4.732 BB | DD 4391; 3:10) 7226 | 5.287 | 4392 1:10| 9061 | 5.682 DB | CB Mean 9676.6} 5.376} 520.21 | 9583.8] 5.299) 505.20 FONTAINE’S COUNT. 84083 (Sire 77311, Dam 203678) 9795, 4:2 6422 | 6.470 2676) 4:2) 8367 | 5.994 DC | AB 3611 8:1 | 13455 5.018 4088 2:11) 7766 6.163 AD | DA Mean 9938.5) 5.744) 570.87 8066.5} 6.079| 490.86 FONTAINE’S DUKE. 61709 (Sire 54788, Dam 152191) 470 8:7 | 16472 6.477 2590 3:4 | 10462 4.988 AA | AD 555| 7:11| 12484 | 4.964 3245 5:3 | 8986 | 5.543 AB | DO 21; 3:3 | 10002 | 5.752 1254 4:10| 12753 | 5.206 BA | BD 256; 9:4 4.954 1212 6:11 4.911 DD 658) 14:10 5.237 1230 3:5 4.940 CD 515, 6:0 | 9122 | 6.168 1747 3:3 | 8610 | 6.060 BC | AA 38] 8:11} 10064 | 5.348) 2448 5:2 | 9584 | 5.203 BB | CD 38| 8:11) 10064 | 5.348 | 3202 4:2 | 12643 | 5.192 BA | CD Mean 11368.0| 5.530) 628.65) | 10506.3) 5.255} 552.11 Srupies IN MiLK SECRETION 173 Appendix Table—Continued. ’ | (Quartile DAM DAUGHTER \ Change 2: eo: 2: ae eA Corrected Oorrected | care | l I} R. M. | Age Milk | Fat Fat R. M. Age Milk | Fat Fat || Milk) Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs % Lbs. | FONTAINE’S KING. 65641 (49) (Sire 57788, Dam 152191) 38 8:11} 10064 5.3848 3336) 3:3 | 10616 5.214) | BA CD 98 8:2 8848 6.173 3463) 2:7 | 13653 5.604| HI CA AB Mean 9456.0) 5.761) 544.76) | | 12134.5| 5.409) ore I] FONTAINE’S LOCESTAR. 77305 (Sire 67638, Dam 197601) 77] 8:11] 7749 | 5.735 4677| 2:10) +8917 | 4.694} || DO | BD 3927 5:6 9371 4,942 4010 2:10) 9876 5.026) | BB DD Ait 8:11) 7749 5.735 4826| 3:3 | 8819 5.294) | DO BO 2109 5:4 9530 5.586 4797 1:9 7796 5,112) || BD CD Mean 8599.7) 5.499) 472.90 8852.0) 5.031! 445.34 FORFARSHIRE’S -KING DALTON. 95339 (Sire 62957, Dam 166960) 5168 Sm alod: 5.941 4330 2:0 | 14851 5.185 | DA BD 2094 4:2 7066 6.410 5170} 1:11} 7898 6.017 DD AA 5167 3:9 8731 5.442 4329 1:11] 85138 5.373 CC CO 3044 3:1 | 11503 4.712 4332 1:11} 6741 5.413 AD | DO 1653 4:0 8134 6.056 3326) 2:2 | 138985 5.630 CA | AB 2098 6:5 7888 5.592 4258 2:0 | 11579 5.311 DA CoO 1160 6:5 | 10757 5.429 | 4333 2:11) 12098 4,792 AA CD Mean 8744.7| 5.655} 494.51) 10809.3) 5.389} 582.51 FORT HILL FARM TORONO. 72940 (Sire 60326, Dam 149211) 464 5:1 8300 6.094 1551 PASH 7067 5.539 CD | AO 420 7:3 9685. | 6.188 916 2:4 8760 5.829. BOC | AB Mean 8992.5} 6.1389} 552.05 7913.5) 5.684 ane FOXHALL’S JUBILEE. 76944 (Sire 614385, Dam 164108) 5120) 5:0 7097 5.767 5125 Qld 7635) 5.038 DD BD 5114 6:7 9316 5.003 3891 3:11) -15140 4.640 | BA,.| DD 3893 8:1 8360 5.0388 2101 5:6 | 138794 4.893 CA | DD a 2101 5:6 | 13794 4.893 3888 3:0 9636 4.395 | AB DD 4727 8:0 | 16578 5.657 4208 8:1 | 12706 5.477 AA | BO 5118 6:11) 7759 4.994 4252 2:7 | 12849 5.178 | DA | DD 5106 6:0 9902 5.403 5129 1:9 | 10159 4.783 | BB CD 3981 5:0 | 11237 4.613 5105 1:8 | 10385 4.886 AB DD 5110 (Bal 7553 5.651 5101 5:2 | 12695 4.984| | DA | BD 5101 5:2 | 12695 4.984 4251 2:7 | 10383 5.040, | AB | DD Mean 10429.1} 5.200) 542.31 : 11538.2) 4.931 568.95 FOXY’S BROWN POET. 82982 (Sire 65780, Dam 188320) 2335 5:9 8148 6.286 4605 2:5 69386 6.116 | CD AA 2588 3:5 9591 5.404 3850 PET 8500 6.189 || BC CA 3972 4:11) 8938 4.965 3276 1:11} 9820 4.297 CB DD 3273 4:8 8892 5.626). 8974 2:8 8071 6.389 CC:| BA 2341 5:4 9079 5.405 8851 4:1 7888 6.043 BD CA 2336 7:0 7936 5.598 |. 3240 W333 8529 5.919 CC _| BB 2326 3:4 7854 6.184 3437 DET 9764 5.339 DB | AO Mean 8634.0) 5.638) 486.78 8501.1) 5.756} 489.32 174 MaAINne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change }] | 5 | ae Corrected Corrected | See 4 | R. M. Age Milk Fat Fat R. M. Age Milk Fat | Fat Milk | Fat No. Lbs | % Lbs. No. Lbs. % Lbs. | | | FOXY’S FOX OF ALTHEA. 77197 (Sire 65454, Dam 155214) | 854 5:4 | 10593 5.517 8825 D2, 9478 5.315 AB CC 1261 2:1 | 7950 5.151 3231) 2:3 9323 5.239 || CB DC Mean 9271.5] 5.384) 494.54) | 9400.5] 5.277 496.06 GAMBOGE’S KNIGHT. 95698 (125) (Sire 68212, Dam 187480) 1990 9:8 8883 5.418 2425 6:6 7850 6.000 CD CA 2642 8:0 9489 6.273 3118) 8:1 | 8171 6.599 BC AA 1386 7:0 | 12615 5.195 3254 2:7 | 12071 4,725 AA | DD 1990 9:8 8883 5.418 4500) 6:10} 6939 5.797 CD CB 1453 3:8 8292 5.070 4453 2:1 | 10087 4.995 || CB DD Mean 9632.4| 5.475) 527.37 9021.8) 5.623 507.30, GAMBOGE’S OXFORD LAD. 67284 (Sire 71238, Dam 180266) 4350 9:0 | 10425 5.649 2929 3:8 8741 5.792 AC BB 1306 2:4 9449 4.951 4881 1:11} 8250 5.095 BC DD Mean 9937.0| 5.300) 526.66 8495.5) 5.443 462.41 GAZELLE’S FAWN RIOTER KING. 71966 (Sire 54896, Dam 93704) 1138 8:6 | 10696 5.843 1071 8:0 7373 6.015 AD BA 573 4:5 8381 5.271 2376 2:5 6370 5.654 CD CB 1063 8:0 6755 6.387 1808 4:3 6121 6.614 DD AA Mean 8610.7; 5.834) 502.35 6621.3} 6.094) 403.50 GEDNEY FARM GIRLS OXFORD. 75998 (Sire 71238, Dam 177564) I] 379 5:9 | 11058 5.463 1367 2:1 | 10233 4.709 AB CD 2826 7:6 | 16915 5.568 2930 3:5 | 12056 4.841 AA CD 553) 7:9 | 14978 5.644 | 1806 8:2 | 14878 5.264) AA BC 2740) 7:4 | 16717 5.037 2739 3:4 | 14544 4.515 | AA DD 380) 7:2°| 18877 | 5.451 | 1366 2:1 | 13199 4.537 AA CD 577) 2:5 6842 5.482 \| 2661 2:7 9255 5.083 | DB CD 1480) 5:7 | 11789 | 4.398 || 2942 2:11) 14249 4.167 AA DD 1812) 3:11; 8633 5.392 2662 3:6 | 10634 5.380 CA CC 2740) 7:4 | 16717 5.037 | 2829| 2:3 | 12527 4.741 || AA DD 379) 5:9 | 11058 5.463 2215} Zit | 10671 4.694 AA CD 1079 2:2 | 7431 |:5.048 2940} 2:5 | 101381 4.912) DB DD 1075} 1:11) 5810 6.709} 4591) 2:3 | 10802 5.761) | DA | AB 1075 1:11) 5810 6.709 2214 i ONL 5.668 DB AB 1075) 1:11} 5810 6.709 2941, 2:0 8993 5.766 DB AB Mean) | 11317.5| 5.579) 631.40 | 11555.6|} 5.003 578.13, | | GEDNEY FARM OXFORD LAD. 71238 (80) (Sire 61441, Dam 3582 C.) 817 15) 8103 5.563 808 2:4 8694 5.786 CC CB 3235 2:11) 7883 5.898 809 2:4 7548 5.530 DD BC Mean 7993.0) 5.729) 457.92) 8121.0) 5.658 tc Stupres 1N Mitk SEcRETION 175 Appendix Table—Continued. | | Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change all Corrected | | Corrected R. M.| Age Milk | Fat | Fat ] R. M. | Age Milk | Fat | Fat | Milk! Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. | No. Lbs. | % | Lbs. | | G. G. CHIEF OF ASHBURN. i 86044 (Sire 61460, Dam 198785) | | | : ) 973 2:1 | 6735 | 6.417 | 4468} 2:10) 9047 | 5.527/ | DB | AC 2584 2:4 | 9093 | 6.025 | 4466 1:10) 10186 | 5.836) BB | AB 2583 2:2 | 9213 | 5,130 4464 2:0 | 7583 | 5.842 | BD | DB Mean 8347.0) 5.857) 488.88) 8938.7| 5.735| 512.63) GERTIE’S SON’S BOY. 71825 (Sire 66463, Dam 169498) ry | | | 1820 9:4 | 12554 | 5.112 | 4449 2:11| 9182 | 5.067| AB | DD 1708 6:11} 10848 | 5.818 3168) 3:11) 11564 | 5.214) AA | BD Mean 11701.0| 5.465) 639.46) 10373.0 5.141) 533.28) } i | GERTIE’S SON’S JAMONT. 73745 (Sire 66463, Dam 139089) ; | || 2365 7:4 | 10677 | 5.314 2241 3:4 | 11285 | 5.101| | AA | CD 1258 3:5 | 11754 | 4.410 2364 1:11| 7847 | 5.359) | AD | DC Mean 11215.5| 4.862) 545.30 9566.0) 5.289) 500.30) GERTIE’S SON OF WASHINGTON. 88799 (Sire 66463, Dam 151596) | 384 9:7 | 12397 | 6.333 3277) 1:9 | 9953 255) i AB | AC 384 9:7 | 12397 | 6.333 3439 2:11) 11905 | 5.733) | AA | AB 3280 4:2 | 13932 | 6.207 3291 1:9 | 9988 | 5.715) | AB | AB Mean 12908.7| 6.291} 812.09) 10315.3| 5.672| 585.08) | GERTIE’S STOKE POGIS. 56492 (Sire 29121, Dam 74474) 302 4:11) 11033 | 5.353 3279 5:0 | 10424 | 5.111 || AA | CD 302 4:11) 11033 | 5.353 527; 2:3 | 10684 | 4.705 || AA | CD 427 6:0 | 7909 | 5.905 3280 4:2 | 13932 | 6.207 || DA | BA Mean 9991.7) 5.537) 553.24) 11680.0) 5.341) 623.83 GERTRUDE’S JAP. 93947 (Sire 75265, Dam 170976) || 4939} 10:5 9698 | 5.640 | 3136 1:19] 6981 | 5.739 | BD | BB 3466 5:11} 9467 | 5.945 4650 3:3 | 11109 | 5.561) || BA | BC »3651| 16:1 5.704 | 4634] 3:2 5.749 BB Mean 9582.5) 5.763) 552.24) | 9940,5| 5.683) 513.77 GIRLDINE’S CHAMPION POGIS. 94004 (Sire 71495, Dam 180787) is . | 7 4386 7:0 | 8479 | 5.553 | 4388 3:9 | 8044 | 5.555 | CG | CC 4600 7:1 | 9623 | 5.466 | 4390 1:10} $239 | 6.193 | BC CA 4387 3:10} 12830 | 4.930 | 4487 | 1:11| 7518 | 5.649 | AD | D Mean 10310.7| 5.316) 548.12) 7930.7| 5.769 $51.52 | |} | | 176 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change | F Th 3 | Corrected ; Corrected R. M. Age Milk | Fat Fat R. M. Age Milk | Fat Fat || Milk} Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % Lbs. GLORY’S PEDRO. 95123 (Sire 71235, Dam 221690) 2634 5:1 | 10256 | 5.324 4050 2:9 8540 | 5.809 BO | CB 2484 7:11} 8672 |. 5.811 II 3689 267, 7311 6.404 CD | BA Mean 9464.0) 5.567) 526.86) 7925.5) 6.107) 484.01) GOLDEN ALCAZAR. 72800 (Sire 61428, Dam 136333) 601 6:4 8326 5,81€ 638 6:10) 6119 | 6.534 CD | BA 1586 7:0 9793 5.330 1636 6:1 | 11443 5.739 BA | CB 1637 9:9 | 10235 1.970 2757 | 5:2 | 10098 | 5.137 BB | DD Mean 9451.3) 5.372) 507.72 j 9229.0} 5.803) 535.04 GOLDEN BUTTER LAD. 77164 (Sire 653800, Dam 195839) 1904 5:4 7058 5.897 i 4265 3:0 6349 | 6.791 PSS ADD) |)" eye 3152 etl 7141 5.604 2848) 2:4 6896 | 5.577 DD | BC Mean 7099.5 5.751} 408.29) 6622.5) 6.184) 409.54 GOLDEN FERN’S SON. 78687 (Sire 65300, Dam 195816) | ° 820 7:0 | 12645 | 5.748 1751 6:2 | 11982 | 6.441 AA | BA 78 4:6 4,942 2340 4:6 6.068 DA 3005} 10:1 8713 | 5.495 2558 2:4 8080 | 5.678 CC | CB 1752) 10:10) 7051 | 5.988 5086 2:4 8474. .| 6.089 DC | BA 827 2:6 9852 | 4.948 2565 2:1 | 10045 -| 5.643 BA | DB 1884) 5:2 8351 | 5.256) ; 2310 5:11] 8268 | 6.261 cc | CA 3004 7:0 6783 | 6.369 1625 6:4 | 10897 | 6.610 DA | AA 848) 8:4 8518 | 5.692 2217 2:4 9128 | 5.537 CB | BC 1884) 5:2 8851 | 5.256 | 2218 4:8 | 9523 | 5.559 CB | CO 3905} 10:1 8713 | 5.495 4741) 2:6 | 12041 | 5.881 CA | CB Mean 8775.2} 5.519| 484.30 9931.7| 5.977| 593.62 ess b | GOLDEN GLOW’S CHIEF. 61460 (Sire 47148, Dam 129238) | : ae | 374 2:0 9025 | 4.883 | 3945 1:10) 12989 | 5.378 BA | DO 4815 5:10). 8757 | 4.734 | 4815 3:10) 9423 | 5.260 CB | DO 2564 9:0 9660 | 5.805 | 2563 7:3 | 10655 | 6.063 BA | BA 4175 6:9 8979 | 4.986 | 4925 2:1 | 12044 | ‘5.521 BA | DO Mean 9105.3) 5.102) 464.55) 11277.7) 5.555) 626.48 GOLDEN LADDIE OF C. 67925 (Sire 57431, Dam 55265) 1410 6:1 9162 . 5.946 2216 3:6 | 11036 | 5.803 BA | BB 1102 4:10} 8224 5.954 2165 1:11} 7784 | 5.982 CD | BB 823 3:3 | 11788 5.215 2324 2:7 7635 | 4.819 AD | DD Mean 9708.0 5.705} 553.84 8818.3) 5.535} 488.09 GOLDEN LAD OF GLENWOOD FARM. 62057. (Sire 53658, Dam 143326) 1009 9:3 9617 | 5.719 1014 4:0 8793 | 5.077 BO | BD 1009 9:3 9617 | 5.719 ; 1016 8:1 | 11118 | 5.760 BA | BB 1084 7:6 7959 | 5.847 1049 4:1 | 11267 | 5.251 CA | BO Mean 9064.3) 5.762) 522.28 10392.7| 5.363) 557.36 Srupies IN Mitk SEcRETION 177 Appendix Table—Gontinued. | Quartile DAM DAUGHTER | Obange Corrected Corrected | | | 1 R. M.| Age | Milk | Fat | Fat ||R.M.| Age | Milk | Fat | Fat | Milk | Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % Lbs. || GOLDEN LAD OF SUMMIT. 85396 (Sire 62833, Dam 196166) || 1878| 8:2 | 7413 | 6.387 2741| 2:4 | 11986 | 4.914 } DA | AD 2005| 5:4 | 8691 | 6.670 2754] 1:11| 9467 | 6.076 | CB | AA 1876| 4:3 | 11317 | 5.222 4414) 2:5 | 9839 | 5.026 || AB | DD 1880} 5:6 | 8045 | 6,832 2825 2:4 | 9853 | 6.268 || CB | AA 2004} 1:11| 9262 | 6.157 5063} 3:2] 9510 | 6.123 | BB | AA 1880| 5:6 | 8045 | 6,832 4870| 2:1 | 9427 |) 6.722 || CB |- AA Mean 8795.5| 6.350) 558.51, 10013.7| 5.855| 586.30 GOLDEN LUCY’S EMINENT LAD. 85639 (Sire 80437, Dam 210895) 1654) 2:5 | 9133 | 5.523 3482 3:4 | 11587 | 4.972 | BA | CD 1655] 8:3.| 13314 | 5.431 5020/ 4:3 | 9724 | 6.256 | AB | CA 3876] 2:11) 7132 | 5.450 4670| 1:11} 6847 | 5.340 || DD | CO 1546] 8:6 | 9426 | 4.877 3876] 2:11| 7132 | 5.450 | BD DC 1465] 3:10| 12083 | 5.241 3481] 2:8 | 7778 | 5.691 | AD | CB 1395] 6:2 | 9636 | 5.677 3752| 1:8] 103850 | 5.858 || BB | BB 2701} 8:0 | 12965 | 5.439 4522 1:11 10064 | 5.487 | AB | CO Mean 10527.0 5.377| 566.04 9068.9] 5.579) 505.95 GOLDEN NERO. 62052 (Sire 49215, Dam 111706) 140) 5:5 | ‘7791 | 6.341 | 943) «5:8 |. 9723 | 5.672 “DB AB 309] 3:1 | 7762 | 6.143 | 927) 4:1) 12568 | 5.725 | DA | AB Mean 7776.5| 6.242| 485.41 1145.5] 5.699] 635.18) GOLDEN PAUL. 68919 (Sire 64233, Dam 155075) | 2684 9:7 | 11674 | 5.621 1696 2:6 | 9435 | 5.264 | AB | BO 578| 7:1 | 7743 | 5.627 1580} 2:7 | 11611 | 5.212 | DA | BD 476} 2:4 | 9973 | 5.830 1078 2:4 | 6973 | 5.252 || BD | BC Mean 9796.7| 5.693| 557.73, 9330.7) 5.243) 489.68 GOLDEN SHYLOOK. 81862 (Sire 70334, Dam 168509) 833) 8:1] 8477 | 5.994 4921| 2:1 | 8047 | 5.822 | OO! |} BB 965|. 1:8 | 9807 | 4.407 4195] 2:3 | 8897 | 5.314 || BC | DC 369] 5:8 5.432 2852| 3:5 5.639 CB 2853} 6:3 | 10926 | 5.543 4779| 9:1 | 10397 | 5.124 || AB | CD 4564| 5:5 | 8160 | 6.433 4778| 2:4 | 10529 | 5.900 || CA | AB 548) 4:3) 6960 | 6.171 4495| 2:5 | 10819 | 5.663 || DA | AB Mean 8866.0} 5.663] 502.08 9737.8| 5.577) 543.08) GREAT EDISON. 177564 (Sire 71698, Dam 198229) 1175, 4:11| 8567 | 5.375 1053 4:10| +8596 | 6.918 | co | ca 1022} 3:5 9801 | 4.826) 1176} 2:0} 8757 | 5.328 | BC | DO Mean 9184.0] 5.101] 468.48 8676.5} 6.123} 531.26) k ai 178 MatNne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change Corrected Corrected R.M.| Age | Milk | Fat | Fat ||R. M.| Age | Milk | Fat | Fat || Milk| Fat No. Lbs. | % | Lbs. || No. Lbs. | % | Lbs. | GUENON’S LAD 2d. 62304 (Sire 54422, Dam 105617) | ] 45 2:9 | 8090 | 5.370 1365) 4:3 | 9018 | 6.088 CB | CA 47} 2:8] 8811 | 6.524 261, 2:2 7033 | 6.041 CD | AA Mean 8450.5) 5.947) 502.55 8025.5| 6.065| 486.75, | | , | HARRY B. GORDON. 47246 (Sire 39846, Dam 41429) 155| 10:5 | 11411 5.604 157| 3:5] 9850 | 5.436 AB | BO 155 10:5 | 11411 5.604 850/ 7:1 | 8994 | 5.516 AB | BO Mean 11411.0 5.604) 639.47) 9422.0) 5.466} 515.01 HAZEL FERN GOLDEN KING. 177872 (Sire 65304, Dam 172111) 2599| 8:7 | 7529 | 5.861 3930} 4:0 | 10043 | 4.881 DB | BD 3034 6:6 | 10338 | 5.870 3032) 2:0] 9778 | 5.011 BB | BD 2599/ 8:7 | 7529 | 5.861 2601} 3:10) 7886 | 5.923 DD | BB 2597; 5:11| 8622 | 5.555 2602 2:3 | 8646 | 5.100 cc | CD 9597; 5:11) 8622 | 5.555) 3038} 5:5 | 9453 | 6.203 CB | CA 2598; 6:10) 10132 | 5.635| 3031) 2:0 | 9697 | 5.408 BB | BG 3930; 4:0 | 10043 | 4.881 3982; 2:0 | 9111 | 4.138 BB | DD 2599} 8:7 | 7529 | 5.861 | 2767) 2:1 | 9690 | 5.262 DB | BC Mean 8793.0) 5.635! 495.49 9287.4] 5.241| 486.75, HECTOR MARIGOLD. 59121 (11) (Sire 22041, Dam 99877) 85| 9:0 | 11748 | 6.099 | 359| 2:6 | 8409 | 5.908 AC | AB 686 3:9 | 10061 | 5.116 | 2082; 3:5 | 6386 | 5.901 BD | DB 62] 5:1 5.017 | 154| 5:0 6.279 DA Mean 10904.5} 5.411| 590.04) | 7397.5) 6.028) 445.92 HOOD FARM FIGGIS TORONO. 90517 (Sire 55552, Dam 163721) I sane 2022} 8:4 9486 | 6.330 5088} 2:2 | 12426 | 5.654 BA | AB 2137; 2:9 | 8281 | 5.154 || 4855. 1:91 9167 | 5.241 CB | DC 1948] 7:9 6639 | 5.796 || 8571| 2:1 | 10882 | 5.736 DA | BB Mean 8118.7] 5.760 467.64) 10825.0| 5.544| 600.14 H. F. GOLDEN FERN’S LAD. 80437 (Sire 65300, Dam 195756) 1121; 2:3) 6676 | 5.458 1325] 2:2 | 8782 | 5.166 DC | CD 1380/ 3:3} 7639 | 5.931 1981; 2:1 | 7594 | 4.879 DD | BD 502| 4:11) 12253 | 6.052 2054 3:9 | 9529 | 5.691 AB | AB 916) 2:4 8760 | 5.829 1980| 1:11) 7460 | 5.391 CD | BO 420| 7:3 | 9685 | 6.183 3101} 2:4 6782 | 6.541 BD | AA 921; 2:3 9999 | 5.586 3158) 2:5 | 10829 | 5.080 BA | OD 1826 5:4 | 10620 | 5.294 1824, 2:3 | 7315 | 5.057 AD | CD Mean 9376.0| 5.762) 540.25) 8327.3) 5.401] 449.76 Strupies IN MILK SECRETION 179 Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Chang2 — 4+ Corrected Corrected R. M. Age Milk Fat | Fat Rk. M. Age Milk Fat Fat || Mik! Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % Lbs. | HOOD FARM GOLDEN LAD. 64268 (Sire 57788, Dam 114438) 34 1:11] 8805 | 5.842 274 3:9 | 9340 | 5.231 CB | CD 58 2:3 |. 8695 | 5.546 8641} 10:3 | 18979 | 5.544 CA | CO 209 3:3 85538 5.066 2164 8:7 | 10438 5.186 CA | DD 199 3:5 6.421 466 6:3 5.777 AB 10 5:10 4.616 467 4:1 4.679 | DD 207 7:1 | 10281 | 5.280 479) 2:3 | 8779 | 5.251 BC | CC 29 2:1 | 7582 | 5.604 702 2:3 | 8166 | 5.041 DC | BD Mean 8783.2) 5.411] 475.26 10140.4| 5.244) 581.76 HOOD FARM GOLDEN LAD 4th. 71215 (Sire 64268, Dam 178403) 296 9:3 | 10261 | 5.308 703 5:4 | 11270 | 5.042 BA | CD 367 3:11] 10309 | 5.198 704 3:1 | 9532 | 5.270 BB | DO 195 6:1 | 8163 | 6.271 637 2:2 | 10750 | 5.203 CA | AD Mean 9577.7] 5.592| 535.58) 10517.3) 5.172] 543.95 HOOD FARM POGIS 9th. 55552 (2) (Sire 40684, Dam 76106) 209 3:3 | 8553 | 5.066 2872 6:5 | 10410 | 5.339 CA | DO 6 4:0 4.545 8 2:1 5.051 DD 59 4:10| 9927 | 5.660 806 6:5 | 8902 | 5.136 BC | BD 1039} 12:4] 8363 | 5.488 228 2:5 | 10920 | 5.885 CA | CB 1121 2:3 | 6676 | 5.458 296 9:3 | 10261 | 5.308 DB | CC 86 6:1 | 8791 | 5.131 448 7:10| 14164 | 5.502 CA | DC 60 7:8 4.114 709 2:5 5.193 DD 210 5:4 | 10419 | 5.234 699 2:5 | 7496 | 5.613 AD | DB 673 8:1 | 9980 | 5.148 922 3:7 | 9321 | 6.277 BB | DA 317 7:9 | 10877 | 6.081 701 2:5 | 9744 | 5.916 AB | AB 79 3:2 | @8877 | 5.151 1248 2:6 | 8489 | 5.826 CC | DB 200 5:4 | 7082 | 5.953 1245 2:2 | 6861 | 6.119 DD | BA 271); .12:3 | 10194 | 5.287 1246 4:6 | 10969 | 6.076 BA | CA 13 2:2 | 8456 | 5.274 1324 2:1 | 10828 | 5.959 CA | CB 269 3:7 | 12988 | 4.870 1328 3:7 | 11250 | 5.773 AA | DB 196 3:3 | 7958 | 5.363 1382 1:11) 9559 | 5.527 CB | CC 287 5:11} 9401 | 5.313] 1383 1:11) 12370 | 5.131 | BA | CD 205 7:3 | 10205 | 5.439} 2523 3:6 | 8844 | 5.882 BC | CB 464 5:1 | 8300 | 6.094 1667 2:3 | 10794 | 5.630 CA | AB 211 2:11| 8569 | 4.891 1670 2:3 | 8806 | 5.849 CC | DB 756 2:7 | 8930 | 4.752 1945 2:2 | 6473 | 6.252 CD | DA 294 9:1 | 8560 | 5.988 1779 2:1 | 7289 | 5.728 CD | BB 271; 12:3) 10194 | 5.287 1937 2:2 | 9999 | 5.424 BB | CC 349 4:8 | 10922 | 5.135 1672 2:0 | 7881 | 5.598 “AD | DB 533 9:9 | 7845. | 6.218 1950 2:1 | 7749 | 5.663 DD | AB 683 6:7 5.634 2055 1:11 5.399 BO 875 3:7 | 83890 | 5.352 2456 2:4 | 10848 | 5.346 CA | CC 16 6:11} 9298 | 5.589 3393 3:7 | 17592 | 5.181 BA | CD 681 9:4 | 9019 -| 5.344 2607| . 2:5 | 12453 | 5.7238 BA | CB 810 5:10| 7668 | 6.274) 807 2:0 | 8213 | 5.871 DC | AB 3234 7:6 | 8202 | 5.167 3175 3:0 | 9831 | 5.269 CB | DC 28 2:0 | 9724 | 5.294 541, 2:1 | 7369 | 5.636 BD | CB 211 2:11) 8569 | 4.891 1199 7:8 | 11124 | -5.461 CA.| DC 273 4:6 7661 5.574 2254 4:1 7537 5.630 DD. CB 16 6:11) 9298 | 5.589 2252 3:0 | 9317 | 5.550 BB) CC 196 3:3 | 7958 | 5.363 3178 2:5 | 8304 | 5.846 cc | CB 25 2:6 | 9024 | 5.005 2255 2:8 | 8877 | 5.358 BC: DCG 1039| 12:4 | 8363 | 5.488 2258 2:5 | 9039 | 5.3538 CB.| CC 209 3:3 8553. 5.066 2257 2:11| 7597 5.155 CD DD 12 2:0 | 11625 | 5.331 2259 2:8 | 10357 | 5.403 AB’ | CO 269 3:7 | 12988 | 4.870 802 5:10| 10807 | 5.411 AA | DC 317 7:9 | 10877 6.031 4436 5:7 8507 5.741 AC |} AB Mean 9211.1) 5.351| 492.89 9660.0} 5.594) 540.38 a 180 MarIne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAM | DAUGHTER Obange | Corrected Corrected R. M. Age Milk Fat Fat R. M. Age Milk | Fat Fat || Milk | Fat No. Lbs. | % | Lbs. || No. TDS | Nome aS: HOOD FARM POGIS 34th. 63300 (142) (Sire 40684, Dam 143234) | 1890| 8:7 | 6994 | 5,795 | 2088] 7:5 | 10571 | 6.440 DA | BA 9350| 9:6 6328 | 6.483 2139} 6:3] 7807 | 5.927 DD | AB Mean 6661.0] 6.139} 408.92 | 9189.0} 6.183} 568.16 | HOOD FARM S. TORMENTOR. 76311 (108) (Sire 55552, Dam 134252) | 409 3:3 | 121384 | 5.558} 3179} 9:2 | 9246 | 5.151 AB | OD 683} 6:7 5.634 1552.25 5.925 : BB 340 2:1 | 10106 | 5.337 1553] 2:3'| 6808 | 6.086 BD | CA 347| 7:11] 17558 | 6.090 1251} 3:3 | 11807 | 5.686 AA | AB Mean 13266.0) 5.655 Bey | 9287.0) 5.712) 580.47 | | ; I HOOD FARM TORONO. 60326 (12) (Sire 25204, Dam 59832) 176} 7:8 4.955 820) 2:2 5.856 DO 681 9:4 | 9019 | 5.344 211 2:11) 8569 | 4.891 BC | CD 80) . 4:2 | 8075 | 6.772! 44 2:6 | 9738 | 5.264 CB | AO 5} 5:0 | 6.184 367| 3:11 5.198) AD 404| 10:6 | 8081 | 6.113). | 503 5:3 | 12551 | 5.572 CA | AO 504) 8:5 | 18063. | 5.707 | | 770) 6:11] 11269 | 4.797]. AA | BD 194) 6:1) 10452 | 5.117 682 3:5 | 11082 | 5.409 AA | DO 79|, 3:2 + 8g77. | 5.151 697| 5:10) 19412 | 4.805 CA | DD 2838; 12:11 | 5.167 : 4699 8:3 5.527 DC 404, 10:6 | 8081. | 6.113 | 4357] 2:6 | 12791 | 5.820 CA | AB 13} 2:2 | 8456 | 5.274| | 635| 3:11) 10228 | 5.713 CB | CB 29} 2:1 | 7582 | 5.604 | 1244 5:11) 15333 | 5.885 DA | BB 295 7:11} 10186 | 5.653 | 1289| 2:5 | 9509 | /5.876) BB | BB 403} 3:8 8043 | 6.275 | 1826] 2:0 | 10739, | 5.866 CA | AB 296) 9:3 | 10261. | 5.308 1728} 4:2 | 12165 | 5.116 BA | CD 448) 7:10) 14164 | 5.502 | 1727| 9:3 | 19451. | 4.454 AA | CD 504) 8:5 | 13063 | 5.707 | 1726) 2:0 | 14393 | 5.564 AA | BO 806| 6:5 | 5.136 | 1944 2:1 5.758 DB 463, 2:1 | 9668 | 5.365 | 1983) 2:0 | 12616 | 5.525 BA | CO 404, 10:6 8081 | 6.113 | 1949] 3:2 | 15461 | 5.536 CA | AG 403} 3:8 | 8043 | 6.275 | 9961 4:5 | 14885 | 6.291 CA | AA 680} 2:5 | 6429 | 6.021 | 1982] 1:10) 8452 | 5.167 DC | AD 1038) 5:3) 8521 | 6.055 | 2455 2:3 | 12795 | 5.681 CA | AB 704) 3:1) 9532 | 5.270 9416} 4:5 | 11092 | 5.742 BA | CB 194) 6:1 | 10452 | 5.117 | 3409] 3:2 | 13643 | 5.549 AA | DCO 918} . 7:6 | 5.328 | 3106] 2:9 5.128 CD 504) 8:5 | 13063 | 5.707 | 3160 2:3 | 14124 | 6.086 AA | BA 806) 6:5 5.136 fs eB S360) 5.550 DC 767| 2:3 | 11843. | 5.522 3441 3:0 | 11723 | 5.022 AA | CD 404; 10:6 8081 | 6.113 3161 2:5 | 12963 | 5.704 CA | AB 533} 9:9 | 7845 | 6.218 3098} 2:5 | 9279 | 5.620 DB | AB 684, 6:1 | 8266 | 6.683 3107| 2:4 | 10622 | 5.534 CA | AG 684, 6:1 | 8266 | 6.688 3099| 3:10) 11298 | 6.066 CA | AA 632| 2:3.) 8505 | 5.516 3055 2:3 | 10016 | 5.632 CB | CB 273} 4:6 | 7661 | 5.574 3162} 2:4 | 10551 | 5.727 DA | CB 448) 7:10) 14164 | 5.502 3381| 2:4) 9426 | 5.928 AB | CB 923) 6:2 | 8918 | 6.344 3096] 2:3 | 12047 | 6.180 CA | AA 698, 6:1 | 15686 | 5.000 3410] 2:2 | 11271. | 4.830 AA | DD 1246) 4:6 | 10969 | 6.076 4353| 2:8 13707 | 5.536 AA | AG 806) 6:5 5.136 2888| 6:7 4.706 DD 70| 3:7 | 7880 | 5.586 165} 2:6 | 14883 | 4.616 DA | CD Mean 9668.7) 5.693) 550.44 12288.8) 5.468] 671.95 Stupies IN MiL_k SECRETION 181 | Quartile DAM DAUGHTER | Change Corrected Corrected | al al | Rk. M. Age Milk | Fat Fat R. M. Age Milk | Fat Fat || Milk Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % Lbs. HOOD FARM TORONO 20th. 82854 (120) (Sire 60326, Dam 113001) 1324 2:1 | 10828 5.959 3443 3:1 8567 5.746) || AO | BB 632 2:3 8505 5.516 1329 2:0 | 11234 5.721 || CA | CB 634 5:2 | 16216 6.077 13884 5:10) 13183 6.250 || AA | AA 1549 3:3 7147 5.428 1666 2:4 | 10218 6.161 DB | CA 703 5:4 | 11270 5.042 1729 4:7 | 13422 4,942) AA DD 699 2:5 7496 5.613 * 1665 2:3 7272 5.956) DD BB 697 38:7 | 18264 4.969 1936 2:5 7927 5,712) AD DB 755 2:5 8161 6.013 1664 2:0 7934 6.596) CC | AA 767 2:3 | 118438 5.522 1935 2:3 7862 4.891 AD | CD 920 4:4 8188 5.576 2058 1:10) 7684 5.410) CD | CC 1356 2:4 | 10945 5.492 2529 2:2 | 11462 4.928) |, AA | CD 12388 2:3 | 10420 5.875 2518 2:1 | 11017 | 5.192 AA | BD 1289 2:5 9509 5.876 2530 PIED) 8058 5.572) | BC | BO 1251 3:3 | 11807 5.686 2515 2:1 | 13195 5.307) AA | BC 1242 2:11) 11222 6.100 2516 2:1 9994 5.365| AB | AC 1252 2:6 7911 5.444 3084 3:0 | 10586 5.030) || DA | CD 1325 2d 8782 5.166 3660 3:2 | 10999 5.341) || CA | DC 1384 5:10! 138183 6.250 2784 PIL 7596 5.979 | AD | AB 1417 2:6 8184 | 5.556 \| 3259 255 8696 5.686) | CC CB Mean 10520.1) 5.640) 593.33 9837.2) 5.568) 547.74, HOOD FARM TORONO 2ist. 83413 (284) (Sire 60326, Dam 194432) 3399 7:8 9785 4.962 4204 2:10] 7324 5.867 | BD | DB 3499 6:1 | 10074 5.172 3532 2:11) 7419 5.369 BD | DC 3503 7:11| 6570 6.133 4205 Be} 7618 5.948 DD | AB 3356 7:9 8057 4.791 4206) 3:2 8923 4.962 CC | DD Mean 8621.5) 5.265) 453.92 7821.0) 5.587) 433.07 INEZ’S STOKE POGIS. 51942 (Sire 37466, Dam 51781) 546 8:4 8643 5.510 871) 2:1 9550 5.115) | CB CD 1004 7:3 | 15114 | 5.627 801 2:3 | 14125 5.089 | AA | BD 1019 10:1 | 13388 5.248 765 6:4 9890 5.764 | AB | CB 547 4:9 8013 6.006 914 2:2 9435 5.070 CB | AD Mean 11289.5| 5.598) 631.99, 10750.0| 5.259) 565.34 | \| INTERESTED PRINCE. 58224 (Sire 2656 H. C., Dam 152193) | | Bill BES} 5.752 4845] 4:5 | 5.000] BD 91 4:1 7840 5.775 1442) > 2:2 7018 6.164 | DD | BA 83 10:0 9991 5.378 4028 2:7 | 11928 5.436 | BA | CC 91 4:1 7840 5.775 2968 3:6 6952 5.757 | DD | BB 37 2:4 8852 6.045 3467 2:10) 11501 5.879 | CA | AB 1391 5:10) 8117 5.060 3401 2:9 | 10148 5.637 i CB | DB’ 102 4:11) 8792 6.084 370 2:11) 63892 6.575 CD AA 91 4:1 7840 | 5.775 515 6:0 9122 | 6.168 | DB | BA 21 8:3 | 10002: | 5.752 | 201 2:6 | 8693 5.683) | BC | BB 91 4:1 5.775 2355 6:2 5.551 | | BO” 1038 3:2 7897 5.654 | 505 4:2 | 10702 5.979) | DA | BB 20 4:3 | 10740 5.251 1233 3:5 | 11006 5.272) | AA | CO 658 14:10 5.237 202 2:9 5.748 CB 469 7:4 | 13790 5.542 2781 2:4 9111 4,429 || AB | CD: 1564; 10:3 | 10165 | 5.278 378 7:6 | 11881 | 6.375 | BA | CA 358 8:3 | 11206 | 4.818 2980 2:7 | 11831 | 4.810) | AA | DD 659} 6:1 | 12290 5.106 3241 2:7 | 11999 4.372) | AA | DD 98 8:2} 8847 | 6.173 1258} 8:0 | 11384 | 5.896! || GA | AB- 84 4:1 9908 5.486 381 3:7 7548 5.678) | BD | CB- 182 Marine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT StaTION. 1919. Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change | Corrected Corrected | R. M.| Age | Milk | rat Fat ||R.M.| Age | Milk | Fat | Fat || Milk! Fat No. | Lbs. | % | Lbs. || No. Lbs. | % | Lbs. INTERESTED PRINCE. 58224 (Sire 2656 H. C., Dam 152193)—Concluded. | | | | 50| 3:5 | 9648 | 4.504 237| 6:2 | 14170 | 5.307 BA | DO 358| 8:3 | 11206 | 4.818 3811; 2:2] 98264 | 5.234 AC | DD 760 7:0 | 6.239 5164, 2:10 5.387) AO 901| 4:10) 7264 | 6.137 9981/". 3:10] 11287 | 4.970] DA | AD 659} 6:1 | 12290 | 5.106 : 4983, 5:1 | 8877 | 6.010) AC | DA 690} 4:2 | 8985 | 6.067 “| 9779-936 | 11784 | 4.952] BA | AD Mean eel 5.543 b34.78 | * | 10049.9| 5.581, 555.86 IRENE’S KING POGIS. 73182 (Sire 65790, Dam 146443) | | | | 686, 3:9 | 10061 | 5.116) | $256] 3:8] 5901 | 6.814 BD | DA 706} 2:5 6752 | 5.512) | 1785] 2:0 | 8397 | 5.674 DC | CB 1287; 2:8 | 9727 | 5.343| || 2496] 2:1 | 7867 | 5.581 BD | CC 1286] 2:3 | 8893 | 6.008) | 1918] 5:4 8762 | 6.192 co | AA 1286) 2:3 | 8893 | 6.008 | 2786} 3:1 | 7578 | 6.534 || CD | AA 1361| 2:3 | 12371 | 4.845 2085} 5:5 | 10398 | 6.205 | AB | DA 708, 2:10) 8676 | 5.640) 3328] 2:2 6878 | 5.690 CD | BB 439} 2:2| 8927 | 5.388| 2084} 4:3 | 8460 | 6.377 CC | CA 352| 2:6 | 8409 | 5.903| 2787; 3:10| 10186 | 6.259 CB | BA 461) 7:10) 12319 | 5.061) 2328] 5:3 | 8877 | 5.848 AC | DB 1348] 5:38 | 6.200) 1906} 3:11 6.843 AA 445) 2:2 | 7067 | 5.705 2506] 5:7 | 11174 | 7.468 DA | BA 1895) 8:1 | 9140 | 5.725] | 9994, 9:6 | 7442 | 5.266 BD | BC 1288, 2:1 | 8436 | 5.519] || 1921] 4:5 | 9750 | 6.270 || CB | CA 1288} 2:1 | 8436 | 5.519 || 2995] 9:3} 7740 | 5.727 CD | CB 687| 3:1 | 9384 | 5.294! | 97151 2:0] 7189 | 6.128 BD | CA 408| 2:2 | 8690 | 5.166| || 8345, 8:9 | 7388 | 6.138 | CD | DA Mean | 9133.2) 5.527) 504.79. 8371.4, 6.177| — 517.10 | | | | | {| ISLAND LOCESTAR. 67638 (Sire 3227 H. C., Dam 181194) a17| .9:2| 9s17 | 4.908 | 3086) 4:1. | 8987 | 5.517 BB | DC 217} 2:2 | 9817 | 4.908 | 3035] 5:0 | 9456 | 5.637 BB | DB 3921 6:9 | 6805 | 6.665 | 3928; 8:3. | 7535 | 5.583 DD | AC 2108} 5:0 | 10787 | 5.490 || 4810] 2:1 | 11912 | 4.291) ° AA | CD 292} 8:0 | 9980 | 7.237 || 5239} 2:9] 7666 | 5.692 BD | AB 551] 4:9 8051 | 6.853 || 5026] 5:2) 7549 | 5.959 CD | AB Mean 9201.2) 6.010} 552.99 8850.8) 5.447| 482.10 | | JACOBA’S EMANON. 84177 (Sire 52299, Dam 223121) 1217; - 3:3 | 8864 | 5.817 9670} 3:5 8634 | 5.821 cc | BB 1802/ 3:2 | 11845 | 5.680 | 4411] 1:10) 9396 | 6.388 AB | BA 1218; 10:3 11410 | 5.723) | 4412 2:0 | 8501 | 6.462 AC | BA 1740, 6:9 | 12791 | 5.931] | 4410) 1:11] 8414 | 5.974| AC | BB 1335, 1:11) 10016 | 6.144 | 4096} 2:5} 7947 | 7.011 BC | AA 1469} 3:0 9676 | 5.930| || 4095, 2:3 9692 | 5.866 | BB | BB 1740) * 6:9 | 12791 | 5.931 || 8116] 3:4 | 9218 | 6.673) ° AB | BA 1568, 7:7 | 9515 | 6.687| | 3452| 2:2 | 8898 | 6.609 BO AA 971, 8:1 | 12488 | 5.277] || 3524) 2:0] 8478 | 6.919 | AG | GA Mean | 10987.9 5.902 648.51 nei 6.414 564.24 ; | | I} Stupies IN MiLtk SECRETION 183 AUTEN Ta He re | ! Quartile DAM i DAUGHTER Change | Corrected i | Corrected | R. M.| Age | Milk | Fat | Fat } R. M. | Age Milk | Fat | Fat | Milk | Fat No. Lbs. | % | Lbs. | No. Lbs. | % | Lbs. | JACOBA’S PREMIER. 89296 (Sire 52299, Dam 223121) 4920) 2:1 | 8146 | 5.072 | gga, a: | 9243 | 5.347 CB | DC 3345 3:9 | 7838 | 6.123 } 4703 1:11} 8485 6.119) DC | AA 1196} 14:0 5.771 ! 4590/ 3:1 6.058) BA 114 9:10} 17555 | 5.969 | 5067} 2:5 | 8221 | 6.355] AC | BA Mean| - 11013.0) 5.734 631.49) | 8649.7 Bey 516.39 JENNY’S REDFERN. 70388 (Sire 65300, Dam 180294) ] | feast 443 2:0 | 8445 | 4.556 | 2385, 2:0 | 9463 | 4.745 | CB | DD 762 2:5 | 7388 | 5.141 || 3488) 2:9 | 9584 | 5.013}- DB | DD Mean 7916.5) 4.849) 383.87) | 9498.5) 4.879) 463.43 JERSEY LAD’S CASPAR. 71077 (Sire 58001, Dam 183539) | } | | 928 3:4 | 10337 | 6.060 || 2248 1:10) 7687 | 6.149) || BD | AA 943, 5:8} 9723 | 5.672 2244 2:4 | 8361 | 5.546} | BC | BC 927 4:1 | 12568 | 5.725 || 2219 1:9 | 11130 | 6.063) | AA.| BA 482' 2:10) 8411 | 5.876 | 2264 4:0 | 9951 | 5.789) || CB | BB 929 8:4} 7919 | 5.745 | 956 2:8) 7994 6.803, | DC | BA Mean) 9791.6) 5.816) 569.48 | 9024.6} ny 547. 79 | | | JUBILEE OF BOIS D’ARC. 29041 (Sire 18249, Dam 31676) 336 8:3 | 10559 | 5.462 | - 5118] 6:1 7759 | 4.994 || aD | CD 339| 12:2 | 8045 | 6.704 | 5119 6:0 | 7764 | 5.902 || BD | AB 339| 12:2 po 94 8:5 5.177 | AD 339} 12:2 | 8945 | 6.704 | 329 4:10| 8299 | 6.261 BC | AA Mean 9483.0 eoe | 606.25 | 7940.7| 5.583) 443.33) + | | “i } KARNAK’S NOBLE. 87952 (Sire 95700, Dam 252135) 2833 5:0 | 11648. | 5.029 } 3327 3:8 | 11543 | 4.631 AA | DD 1156 7:2 | 9904 | 5.759 | 2832 2:6 | 13123 | 4.411] BA | BD 2447 5:2 | 9584 | 5.203 || 4425] 9:2) 9721 | 5.304! BB | DC 1456 6:0 | 12691 | 5.323 | 8565 1:10 10795 | 5.576) || AA | CG Mean 10956.7| 5.329} 583.88) 11295.5) 4.981] 562.63 I | KEEPSAKE’S GOLDEN LAD. 71325 (Sire 61923, Dam 168399) 1179 6:0 | 8843 | 4.848 | 1215 2:10) 10044 | 4.577 || cB | DD 950 8:6 | 9318 | 4,964 962 3:2 | 8563 | 5.472! | BC | DC 950 8:6 | 9318 | 4.964 1369 2:3 | 10082 | 5.206 BB | DD 1205) 12:5 5.303 | 1214) 2:0 5.360 | co 1205) 12:5 5.303 | 1084) 3:8 5.624 | CB 1096 7:6 | 10549 | 4.411 951| 3:5 11078 | 4.425 | AA | DD 1096 7:6 | 10549 | 4.411 | 1204 2:4 | 9636 | 5.246 -AB | DC Mean 9715.4| 4.886 474.69 9880.6} 5.130| 506. 8 184 Maine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change Corrected Corrected | | R. M.| Age | Milk | Fat] Fat | R.M.| Age | Milk | Fat | Fat || Mik| Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % Lbs. KING ALLIE RIOTER. 62221 (Sire 57778, Dam 153242) l l 2032) 11:0 | 9310 | 5.226 2281 4:4 | 8276 | 5.147 BO | DD 1829, 6:0 | 9816 | 5.674 || 9279] 4:1] 9571 | 5.522 BB | BO Mean) 9563.0| 5.450] 521.18 8923.5) 5.335} 476.07 | | IMP. KING OF HAMBII. 65298 (Sire 69631, Dam 175430) l i 865} 6:9 7826 | 6.002 | 2468) 2:4 | 6944 | 5.504 DD | AB 868; 5:2 | 7413 | 6.121 || 2467) 2:8] 8208 | 5.380 DC | AO hen 7619.5| 6,061) 461.82 7576.0| 5.462) 413.80 KING’S RIOTER LAWRENCE. 65453 (Sire 58112, Dam’ 130543) T 723| 7:5 | W271 | 5.105 | 864, 4:7 | 7682 | 5.760 AD | DB 793| 7:5 | 11271 | 5.105 I 968} 4:3} 9389 | 5.529 AB | DO Mean| 11271.0| 5.105 575.38, 8510.5] 5.645] 480.42 1] LAD’S OXFORDSHIRE, 74564 (Sire 63548, Dam 167226) 2023; 7:10} 10665 | 5.122 || 2604, 3:5) 9087 | 4.972 AB | DD 2478] 7:11| 8253 | 6.090 | 1850! = 4:2 | 10510 | 5.171 CA | AD Mean 9459.0} 5.606) 530.27), 9798.5| 5.071] 496.88 LADY LETTY 4th’s RIOTER. 76533 (Sire 56580, Dam 169502) : : 2691 7:9 | 8030 | 5.142 || 8165) 2:4 | 10816 | 4.565 CA | DD 2689] 11:7 | 8182 | 5.707 | 3164, 4:0] 8930 | 4.917 cc | BD Mean 8106.0) 5.425] 439.75 9873.0| 4.741] 468.08 LADY LETTY’S VICTOR. 65020 (Sire 56580, Dam 124201) | | | | 2930 3:5 | 12056 | 4.841| | 3827, 9:2 | 10652 | 5.088 AA | DD 2740/ 7:4 | 16717 | 5.037) || 3828) 2:2 | 13452 | 4.947 | AA | DD 2684) 9:7 | 11674 | 5.621) | 2850/ 2:0 | 10230 | 6.029} | AB} BA 2826, 7:6 | 16915 | 5.568) || 2880] 8:4 | 12193 | 5.801 AA | CB 586 1:10| +9245 | 5.868) | 5151) 5:10) 7186 | 6.229 BD | BA 451; 6:1 | 9607 | 5.906) | 587| 2:2 | 10154 | 5.271 BB | BC . 884, 5:0 | 9432 | 5.394| | 2763) 2:1 | 10496 | 5.156 BA | CD 398, 7:1 | 8460 | 5.304 9316. 3:4 9299 | 5.557 CB | CO 884) 5:0) 9482 | 5.394 1086] 2:4 | 8332 | 6.089 BC | CA 450| 7:11) 8763 | 5.972| 1294) 3:11) 12357 | 5.780 | CA | BB 449| 6:3 | 12334 | 4.737) 589' 2:2 | 10908 | 4.764 AA | DD 450| 7:11) 8763 5.972) 453) 9:2 | 9915 | 5.968 CB | BB 2024) 12:4 | 8590 | 5.458 2382 6:0 | 9062 | 6.362 | CB | CA 585| 5:0 | 10585 | 6.004| | 883, 4:9 8989 | 6.099 AC | AA 583) 9:10) 8299 | 5.304) | 454, 2:5 | 9749 | 5.309 CB | CO Mean. 10724.8 5.492, 589.01) 10190.3| 5.626) 573.31 | | | | | Stupies 1N MiLtK S&EcRETION 185 Appendix Table—Continued. | Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change | Corrected Corrected | | Rk, M. Age Milk Fat Fat R. M. Age Milk Fat Fat lame Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % | Lbs. LADY MARY’S FOX. 82763 (Sire 68199, Dam 188127) 861 2:7 9402 6.429 | 2124 3:5 8431 5.999 | BC AA 860 2:2 | 12087 4.770 2125 3:4 8585 4.664 || AO DD Mean 10744.5| 5.599 601.58 8508.0} 5.331 453.56 LOOKOUT TORONO.. 78593 (Sire 5552, Dam 189729) | | | 2428) 3:9 6919 5.892 4267 1:11) 8692 5.556) DO BC 1028 7:11) 7154 | 5.532 4471| 3:5 | 10306 | 5.276 DB | CC 418 3:9 7592 5.423) | 1234 2:10) 7390 | 6.011 DD CA 417 6:7 7892 6.108 | 1479) Beal "Al 5.833 DD | AB 1133 4:6 8751 6.347 3559) 2:6 7423 5.804 CD | AB 1509, 7:0 6820 5.740 | 2086 4:2 8853 5.834 DC BB 728 6:4 6762 6.518) | 4955 4:2 7103 5.477 | DD | AC 726 3:3 6422 6.527 2449) 3u5) 6797 6.084 DD | AA 1509 7:0 6820 5.740 | 4142 3:4 6731 5.636 || DD | BB 475, 7:11) 6349 6.359 2006) EG} 8650 5.600 DC AB 728 6:4 6762 6.513 | 3714) 2:3 6451 6.086) | DD | AA 725) 5:9 8622 | 6.518 | 1676} 2:1 7777 =| 5.671 | CD | AB 727) Sie 6458 6.245 3460) 3:4 8127 5.665) | DC | AB 727, 3:2) 6458 | 6.245 8715 2:2 | 7188 | 5.680 | DD | AB 1677. 5:6 7941 6.203 | 9373) DEP 7078 6.196 | CD | AA 1133) 4:6 8751 6.347 2403 4:10) 7669 5.510 | CD | AC 2589 | 5:11, 7690 5.936 | 2272 22 6176 6.071 DD | BA Mean 7303.7) 6.129) 447.64 7628.4) 5.764) 489.70) | | | cy LORD LETTA OF MERIDALE. 55716 (Sire 43044, Dam 124428) 271 12:3 | 10194 5.287 | 349 4:8 | 10922 5.135 BA CD 271) ~12:3 | 10194 5,287 | 270 3:6 | 11596 4.580 BA CD Mean 10194.0) 5.287 ea 11259.0} 4.857) 546.85 LORD NORTH. 75342 (Sire 64890, Dam 130418) 2157 3 11415 | 4.771 2225 : 112384 | 4.741 | AA | DD 4:1 4:3 9157| 4:1 | 11415 | 4.771 2591, 3:9 9985 | 4.303 || AB | DD Mean 11415.0| 4.771] 544.611|: 10584.5| 4.522 Ase LORETTA D’S CHAMPION’S SON. 77002 (Sire 72988, Dam 123282) ? | 1269 4:1 e 5.105 4638) 2:0 5.653 DB 1285 2:11} 8147 | 5.091 4639 3:0 7824 | 4.698 CD | DD 1282 3:11} 7922 | 4.700 3523) 2:0 7036 | 5.575 || DD | DO 1282 3:11] 7922 | 4.700 2409 3:3 | 10610 | 5.187 | DA | DD 536 4:2 | 11761 | 4.767 1284 2:1 9307 | 4.992 || AB | DD 1269 4:1 5.105 3489 1:11 5.490 DO 4257 5:10) 9049 | 4.493 4621 2:0 9943 | 5.454 | BB | DO Mean|- 8960.2) 4.852) 484.75) 8944.0} 5.293) 473.41 186 Marne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, Appendix Table—Continued. —————_ Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change Corrected Corrected R. M.| Age Milk | Fat | Fat ||R.M.| Age Milk | Fat | Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % Lbs. LORETTA’S KING. 65050 (Sire 57389, Dam 141708) 413 4:9 | 7663 | 5.677 707 2:2 | 8648 | 5.823 DO | BB 394 3:3'| 7909 | 5.939 686 3:9 | 10061 | 5.116 DB | BD 63 3:3 | 6477 | 6.030 1422 2:2 | 8900 | 4.967 DC | AD 1161 2:3 | 7468 | 5.198 1424 9:3.| 7948 | 4.881 DC | DD 685 3:2 | 7490 | 5.281 | 1475 2:1 | 9302 | 4.564 DB | CD 831 3:6 | 7630 | 6.023 | 1286 2:3 | 8893 | 6.008 DC | AA 1870 7:9 5.672 1288 9:1 5.519 BC 408) 2:2) 8690 | 5.166 879) 2:4 | 9806 | 5.466) | CB | DC 639 323i 647i |) G03) 1361 2:3 | 12371 | 4.845 DA | AD 85 9:0 | 11748 | 6.099 706 2:5 | 6752 | 5.512! AD | AG 85 9:0 | 11748 | 6.099 432 2:2 | 8027 | 5.388 AC | AO 444 5:5 | 9577 | 5.270 461 7:10) 12319 | 5.061 BA | CD 444 5:5 | 9577 | 5.270 4494 6:6 | 9503 | 4.560 BB | CD 444 5:5 | 9577 | 5.270 805 2:3 | 10231 | 5.432 BB | CO 444 5:5 | 9577 | 5.270 2372 4:3 | 11260 | ‘6.078| BA | CA 350/ 3:7 | 8521 | 5.508 | 832 2:3 | 8964 | 4.583 CB | GD 419} 4:6 | 6875 | 6.422 | 2834) 4:1 | 9622 | 5.104! | DB | AD 710 3:1 | 8825 | 6.041 1374 2:2 | 7489 | 5.451 CD | AG 154 5:0 | 8618 | 6.279 1347 5:2 | 11454 | 6.071 CA | AA Mean 8580.4| 5.713) 490.20) 9580.6} 5.283) 506.14 MABEL’S POET. 65780 (145) (Sire P. S. 2591 H. ©., Dam P. S. 6311 H. C.) 1188} 10:9 11014 | 5.352 I 2867 2:7.| 11024 | 5.545 AA | OC 1486 4:9 | 9290 | 5.709 } 2078 2:10| 9288 | 4.780 BB | BD 2824 8:5 | 7573 | 5.788 | 4603] . 2:8 | 7280 | 5.475 DD | BC 4049 8:1] 9230 | 5.914 | 4295) 2:7 | 8926 | 5.346 BC | BO 2342 9:0 | 7499 | 5.628 | 4604; 2:5 | 7271 | 5.696 || DD | BB Mean 8921.2) 5.678) 506.55 | | 8759.2) 5.368] 470.22 | MABEL’S RALEIGH. 77913 (208) (Sire P. 8. 3722 H. C., Dam 210089) | | 1595 7:6 | 12589 | 5.369 2442) ON) 9874 | 5.318 AB | CO 1274 6:10] 10337 | 5.398 2443 4:3 | 14501 | 5.213 BA | CD 1279 2:5 | 9921 | 4.454 4284, 2:6 | 8212 | 4,771 BC | DD Mean 10949.0| 5.074) 555.55 | 10862.3) 5.101) 554.09 MABEL’S RALEIGH, P.S. 3772 H. ©. (Sire 69011, Dam 213879) 1281 9:2 | 10224 | 4.785 946, 2:4] 9062 | 5.352 BB | DC 1274 6:10] 10337 | 5.898 1302) 4:10) 11187 | 5.283 BA | CC 1766] 10:8 9145 | 5.376 1456 6:0 | 12691 | 5.323 BA | CO Mean 9902.0) 5.186) 513.52 10980.0| 5.319} 584.03 MAJESTIC FERN. 84428 (Sire 79313, Dam 213876) 2251 3:11) 6709 5.757 2877 2:1 | 8404 | 6.578 DC | BA 4268 6:3 | 8995 6.217 4273; 1:10) 13578 | 5.194 BA |. AD 4268 6:3 | 8995 6.217 2482 2:1 | 9207 | 6.790 BB | AA Mean 8233.0 6.064) 499.25 10396.3| 6.187} 643.22 Strupres IN MiLtk SECRETION 187 Appendix Table—Continued. : Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change —_— - - | —_____—- Corrected Corrected } R. M. | Age Milk | Fat | Fat || R. M. Age Milk | Fat | Fat || Milk} Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % Lbs. MARGERY GOLDEN’S FOX. 72362 (Sire 64833, Dam 183950) 858 8:2 | 11724 | 6,428 2882 3:10) 7167 | 6.493 AD | AA 157 3:5 9850 | 5.436 3131 4:3 7812 | 5.881 BD | CB 852 7:3 8212 | 6.737 3293 6:5 8275 | 6.943 CO | AA 157 3:5 9850 | 5.436 8292 4:0 6367 | 6.372 BD | CA Mean 9909.0) 6.008) 595.33 7405.3) 6.422) 475.57 MARIGOLD’S CHAMPION. 70801 (Sire 52657, Dam 121805) 67 4:9 8921 | 5.088 4417 6:4 | 10659 |. 4.759 CA | DD 45 2:9 8090 | 5.370 5159 4:11) 7827 | 5.168 CD | CD 490 8:2 | 10629 | 5.707 3844 5:10] 9857 | 4.596 AB | BD Mean 9213.3) 5.388) 496.41 9281.0) 4.841] 449.29 MARIGOLD’S EXILE KING. 53282 (Sire 55201, Dam 100718) 8293 6:5 8275 | 6.943 3130 1:11] 6475 | 6.479 CD | AA 156 8:5.| 10861 | 5.361 853 2:10) 8334 | 5.590 BC | CC 155 10:5 | 11411 | 5.604 858 8:2 | 11724 | 6.423 AA | BA 157 Ba) 9850 | 5,436 852 7:3 8212 | 6.737 BC | CA 157 3:5 9850 | 5.486 8294 2:0 6755 | 6.186 | BD | CA 850) Weal 8994 | 5.516 4013 2:6 8257 | 5.583 BC | CO 257 6:9 | 10856 | 4.578 2880 8:3 | 10851 5.864 AA | DC 157 3:5 9850 | 5.436 276 6:4 8901 | 5.953 BC | CB Mean 9930.9) 5.5389) 550.07) 8688.6) 6.039) 527.70, MARIGOLD ST. HELIER. 52657 (Sire 17385, Dam 89387) 67| 4:9 8921 | 5.088 267/ 2:0} 8487 | 4.914 CC | DD 99| . 2:6 | 10464 | 5.213 489] 2:7 | 9365 | 5.206 AB | DD 297| 3:10] 8886 | 5.204 855| 2:0| 9319 | 5.444 CB | DC Al). Bes} 4.657 152 | eee 4.604 I DD 87| 4:11] 8501 | 5.195 575| 2:1 | 8498 | 5.865 | CC | DB Mean 9068.0) 5.071) 459.84 8916.0) 5.207] 464.26/ | | ) | | MARSTON’S INTERESTED PRINCE. 71855 (Sire 58224, Dam 122948) 564 2310) 6998 | 6.211 958 1:11} 10017 | 5.958 DB | AB 308 2:6 8242 | 6.245 Soiled Sel O5(Sa|moro ol || CA | AC 718 4:5 | 10862 | 6.035 2242, 21 9257 | 5.026 AB | AD 782 6:6 7634 | 5.785 926 2:3 | 10580 | 5.228 DA | BD 482 2:10) 8411 | 5.876 776 Wail 8877 | 5.846 CC | BB 306 7:6 7998 | 5.997 775 2:0 | 11285 | 5.036 CA | AD 141) 18:7 5.877 2260 4:0 5.176 BD 150 d:1 7649 | 6.290 2221 1:10) 12187 | 6.3828 DA | AA 144 4:1 | 10199 | 5.647 1054 2:9 | 12388 | 5.156 || BA | BD 139 9:8 9504 | 5.266 1362 2317, 8216 | 4.905 || BC | CD Mean 8610.8} 5.923) 510.02 10375.6) 5.415} 561.84 MELIA ANN’S BERKSHIRE. 66373 (Sire 56581, Dam 144848) 1702 5:9 7370 | 5.985 1599 1:8 6772 | 5.953 DD | BB 952 5:10) 8971 | 5.285 1591 4:1 7966 | 5.338 || BE | DC Mean 8170.5) 5.610} 458.37 7369.0) 5.645 eel 188 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change ec ESE, | | Corrected Corrected R. M. Age Milk | Fat Fat R. M. Age Milk | Fat Fat || Milk] Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % Lbs. MELIA ANN’S HERO 4th. 984061 (Sire 76537, Dam 216833) 8374 7:9 | 6412 | 7.559) || 3378 3:9 | 9614 | 6.453 DB | AA 3382) 4:11) 8463 | 5.673 | 3487 3:0 | 7044 | 5.754 CD | BB 3374, 7:9 6412 | 7.559| || 3583] 3:3 | 8254 | 6.768 DC | AA Mean) 7095.7) 6.930) 491.73, 8304.0) 6.325) 525.23 | | | MELIA ANN’S KING 9th. 74917 (Sire 56581, Dam 180085) - a 36058 6:3 | 7953 | 5.706 | 5299 2:7 | 9556 | 6.170 CB | BA 5034 8:5 6985 | 6.515 HI 5036 1:8] 8851 | 5.781 | DC | AB Mean 7469.0, 6.111) 456.43, 9203.5) 5.975) 549.91 MERIDALE INTERESTED PRINCE. 86473 (Sire 58224, Dam 168033) | { 1071 8:0 | 7373 | 6.015 | 8108 2:5 | 9358 | 6.115 DB | AA 2645 5:9 | 11844 | 5.177 | 4817 2:1 | 9756 | 5.407 AB | DCO 2438 5:0 | 7962 | 5.098 | > BBB 3:8 | 7323 | 5.228 CD | DD 1134 4:1 | 8319 | 6.119 |) 4027 2:6 | 6692 | 6.008 CD | AA 508 5:9 | 8689 | 5.823 | . 3621 %:1 | 9347 | 6.101] ' CB | BA 725 5:9 | 8622 | 6.518 | 3818 2:5 | 7203 | 5.771 CD | AB Mean 8718.2) 5.792) 504.96) 8279.8] 5.778] 478.41 MERRY MAIDEN’S GRANDSON. 71003 (Sire 60516, Dam 163228) | | 284} 6:10| 9806 | 5.773 | 843] 1:9 9476 | 5.872 BB | BB 41 5:8 | 16199 | 5.723 | 845 6:0 | 12265 | 6.440 AA | BA 165 2:6 | 14883 | 4.616 I $47} 6:2 | 9716 | 5.530 AB | DO 70 3:7 | 7889 | 5.586 | 1373 2:1 | 10956 | 6.261 DA | CA 481 2:5 | 9405 | 5.950 || 3970) 4:6] 8612 | 6.145 BC | BA 458 3:5 | 8602 | 5.502 || 4438 5:3 | 8383 | 6.263 cc | CA Mean 10964.0} 5.525) 605.76 | 9901.3] 6.085] 602.49 | | MERRY MISS’ SON. 76629 (Sire 52657, Dam 180051) 167, 4:7 | 8652 | 6.061 | 2238 2:2 | 9931 | 5.610 CB | AB 457| 7:11) 8762 | 6.254 2237 2:0 | 9523 | 5.860 CB | AB 374) 2:0 | 9025 | 4.883 anr4813 5:10| 8757 | 4.734 BO | DD 152) 1:11) 10323 | 4.604 4065 4:9 | 8475 | 4.740 BC | DD 871| 2:6 | 11396 | 5.498 2069 8:2 | 10994 | 5.280 AA | CC 2} 3:8 4.657 3120 2:1 4.408 | DD Mean 9631.6) 5.326 | 9536.0! 5.105) 486.81 MINARET EXILE. 56933 (Sire 47368, Dam 134011) 366) 5:1 | 11359 | 5.441| 2104, 3:1 | 9463 | 4.697 AB | CD 279 5:2 | 11106 | 5.393) 2108, 2:1 7976 | 4.682 AO | CD 278 7:4 | 10346 | 5.374| 2106; 2:11) 9533 | 4.328 BB | CD 549, 12:5 6.343) | PAD) Bor 5.422 AO 290 3:10| 11065 | 4.719) | 2107/ 2:7 | 8278 | 4.858 AG | DD 119) 7:1 | 9415 | 6.463 | 2102} 3:11| 7523 | 5.671 | BD | AB 281/ 5:10) 8818 | 5.596 3922) 5:3 9310 | 5.252 | CB | BC 277| - 8:11) 7749 | 5.735] | 120, 3:6} 8660 | 5.616 DC | BB 119 7:1 | 9415 | 6.463) 3039 3:11} 9358 | 4.970 BB | AD 290' 3:10) 11065 4.719 | 552; 1:11) 12578 | 5.018 AA | DD Mean) 10037.6| ee 564.61 9186.6] 5.051) 464.02, | | Stupies IN MiLtKk SECRETION 189 Appendix Table—Continued. (Quartile DAM DAUGHTER || Change HW | | , pial eee ha Corrected | Corrected | R. M.| Age | Milk | Fat | Fat ||R.M.| Age | Milk | Fat | Fat ee Fat No. Lbs: | % | Lbs. || No. Lbs. | % | Lbs. | MISTLETOE POGIS. 75371 (Sire 56492, Dam 147527) | | | || 2528} 8:0 7895 | 6.066 || 3079} 3:9] 98568 | 6.348 | DC | AA 3082| 5:10! 9306 | 6.005 | 3985] 2:11) 6980 | 5.635! BD | AB Mean 8600.5} 6.035} 519.04. | 7774.0| 5.991) 465.74 . | } | MODEL’S OXFORD LAD. 66518 (Sire 71238, Dam 180237) l l l 188} 2:7} 8257 | 5.525] 942; 4:9] 9474 | 5.578 || CB | CO 2355, 6:2 5.551 1984) 3:5 | 6.716 ! CA 202) 2:9| 7975 | 5.748 901} 4:10| 7264 | 6.137 || CD | BA 237| 6:2 | 14170 | 5.307 | 730/ 4:9 .| 10509 | 5.170 AA | CD 299} 6:11| 8604 | 5.446 | 1900} 5:1 | 8495 | 5.476 |, CO Co 203} 6:0 | 9031 | 5.690 Gall 3:10) 10206 | 5.249 || BB | BO Mean 9607.4| 5.545] 532.73| | 9189.6) 5.721 525.74 | MONA ROSE’S GLORY. 92531 (Sire 70268, Dam 181623) | [ | 1101; 5:9 | 10354 | 5.129 4011 1:10| 8192 | 5.261) AC | DO 2216, 3:6 | 11036 | 5.803) 3724} 2:0 | 7236 | 5.407| AD | BO 1411 4:8 | 11008 5.908 3723 1:11| 12277 | 5.070 AA BD 823 3:3 | 11738 5.215) 3520 1:9 9158 | 5.091) AB | DD 1102} 4:10| $224 | 5.954| 4683) 1:11) 7745 | 5.829) CD | BB Mean | 10472.0) 5.602) 586.64 8921.6 5.332) 475.70) MR. INEZ MARIGOLD PEDRO. 79701 (Sire 70916, Dam 183717) 1687} 9:0 | 7538 | 5.955 18081 2:1 | 8981 | 5.232 DC | BD 1816} 8:11) 7863 | 5.303) 2066! 2:1 | 8s241 4.584) DC | CD 1818] 8:8| 7640 | 5.237 | 2058] 2:2] 86389 | 4.434 | DC | CD Mean 7678.7| 5.498 422.17, | 8603.7| 4.750! 408.68 | MY JUBILEE. 75742 (Sire 29041, Dam 90320) | | 5113} 6:10) 11188 | 4.954 | 5104) 3:10] 11995 | 4.829] | AA | DD 5114, 6:7 9315 | 5.003 | 5103} 3:10] 11801 | 4.874! | BA | DD Mean 10251.5, 4.979) 510.42) 11898.0) 4.851, 577.17) I} | II NADERSON’S KING. 75247 (Sire 62140, Dam 175857) 1988} 5:6 | 9070 | 6.198 1847; 2:5 | 7632 205 | BD | AB 1908} 7:10) 7600 | 7.056 1909} 2:10) 11248 | 5.984! || DA | AB Mean 8335.0) 6.627) 552.36 9440.0) 5.969 563.47 | | | | NAIAD’S GOLDEN LAD. 67475 (Sire 63542, Dam 161052) 738) 5:9| 9133 | 5.216 745, 3:0 | s989 | 4.556| BB | DD 738} 5:9] 9133 | 5.216 1404 1:11] 8929 | 5.041) BC | DD 1396] 4:0 | 8480 | 5.535 1403] 2:2 | 10352 | 4.503) || CB | CD Mean 8915.3) 5.322) 474.47) 9423.3) 4.700, 442.90 | 190 MaINne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Station. 1919, Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change | | Corrected Corrected | R. M. | Age | Milk | Fat| Fat ||R.M.| Age | Milk | Fat | Fat || Milk| Fat No. | Lbs. | % | Lbs. || No. Lbs. | % | Lbs. | | NEBRASKA LAD. 71828 (Sire 62803, Dam 171835) | ] | | i 355| 6:6 | 9741 | 4.694 || 3880] 4:4 | 10651 | 5.134 || BA | DD 833] 8:1 | 8477 | 5.994 || 4564) 5:5 | 8160 | 6.433 || CO | BA Mean ow) 5.344} 486.78) 9405.5) 5.783) 543.92 NERO’S GARFIELD LAD. 77949 (Sire 62052, Dam 185535) 1546] 8:6 | 9426 | 4.877 3422| 3:5 | 10682 | 5.036 BA | DD 1546) 8:6 | 9426 | 4.877 2003} 2:8 | 8006 | 5.291 BO | DC Mean 9426.0| 4.877| 459.71) 9344.0| 5.163) 482.48 NIMBUS OF BRONDALE. 69704 (Sire 63300, Dam 147282) 2378, 8:4| 7177 | 5.809 2616] 2:2| 7217 | 5.545 DD | BO 1462) 5:3 7830 | 5.778 369] 2:4 8725 | 4.982 DC | BD 1497, 7:2} 6080 | 6.451 370€| 2:4 | 7471 | 5.782 DD | AB Mean 7029.0} 6.013} 422.65 7804.3) 5.436) 424,24 IMP. NOBLE FONTAINE RALEIGH. 91142 (Sire 97158, Dam 14095 H. ©.) 2544 3 2 | 8576 | 5.167| 3258] 2:2 | 7588 | 5.507 CD | DB 1984] 3:5 6537 | 6.716 3534 2:4 9206 | 5.334 DB | AO 1262} 5:2 | 7361 | 5.559 4748| 2:6 | 7201 | 5.466 DD | CO 2796| 9:0 | 7662 | 6.045 4747| 2:8] 8580 | 5.189 DC | AD 942] 4:9| 9474 | 5.578 2935] 1:11] 9335 | 5.021 BB | CD Mean | 7922.0, 5.813) 460.51 8372.0, 5.321] 445.47 NOBLE OF OAKLANDS. 95700 (Sire 69632, Dam 238437) 1566] 7:7 | 7979 | 6.603 | 1634] 2:3 7489 | 6.485 CD | AA 2699} 5:4 | 9109 | 5.485 470i| 3:3 | 8884 | 5.976 BC | CB 2797| 6:4 | 7918 | 5.245 | 3462) 2:0 | 7273 | 6.031] DD | CA Mean | 8335.3) 5.778| 481.61 7882.0) 6.164) 485.85 | | NOBLE PEER. 90653 (Sire 95700, Dam F. S. 9548 H. C.) 2745, 5:1 | 11172 | 6.828| | 4656} 1:11) 9040 | 6.124 | AB | AA 2698, 5:1 | 13879 | 5.595| | 4507 1:11] 10842 | 5.515 | AB | BO : 2432 4:6 | 8366 | 5.249) 507E| 2:2 | 10245 | 5.440 CB | CO 2473| 4:6 | 11155 | 5.880] | 4931) 2:3) 9220 | 5.812 | AB | BB Mean) | 11143.0) 5.875] 654.65 9711.7) 5.723| 555.80) | | | NOBLE’S JOLLY GOLDEN LAD. 104562 (Sire P. S. 4404 H. C., Dam 244941) 1268) 5:11} 9613 | 4.857 | 5007 2:2 6865 | 5.768 BD | DB 2037) 6:1 9212 | 4.402 | 501 2:0 8421 | 4.853 BC | DD eae 9412.5) 4.629 435.70 7643.0) 5.311 aoe Stupies IN Mitk SEcRETION 191 Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change Corrected Corrected Hees | R. M. Age Milk Fat Fat R. M. Age Milk Fat | Fat || Milk| Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. Yp | Lbs. || | NORA BOY OF TURNER. 72135 (Sire 67041, Dam 156209) 4525 9:1 8254 5.112) | 4788 5:11 9176 5.925) CB | DB 4525 9:1 | 8254 | 5.112} | 4373 6:7 | 6836 | 6.085 CD | DA Mean 8254.0) 5.112) 421.94 | 8006.0) 6.005) 480.76) | | | NUTLEY TONES OWL. 67837 (Sire 57088, Dam 122809) 815 7:6 6931 (Lill 10438 5:4 8007 6,225 DC | AA 38 8:11) 10064 5,348 368 2:9 7485 5.718 | BD CB 50 3:5 | 9648 | 4.504 469 3:5 | 11928 | 5.554 BA | DC Mean 8881.0} 5.658 502.49 1 9140.0) 5.832! 533.04 OAKLANDS SULTAN KING. 85602 (Sir3 184099, Dam 211478) 3204] 6:0 | 13692 | 5.183 4404) 1:10| 11098 | 5.112 || AA | DD 4729 9:9 8861 5.243 4539 3:10] 7350 5.380 || CD CC Mean 11276.5| 5.213) 587.84 9224.0 5.246) 483.89 OLGA HAZEL POGIS. 95042 (Sire 80488, Dam 125357) 3970 4:6 8612 6.145 3968 2:6 7878 5.850 | CD | AB 5 3969) 4:4 9501 5.058 3971 is 8838 5.164) BC | DD Mean 9056.5) 5.601) 507.25 8358.0 5.507) 460.28 | OONAN’S CONQUEROR. 77851 (Sire 57470, Dam 163629) | | 728 6:4 6762 6.513 1673) 5:6 6209 6.959 | DD | AA 508 5:9 8689 5.823 1675 3:4 7994 5.688 || CC | BB Mean 7725.5| 6.168} 476.51 7101.5) 6.323) 449.03) | Sell | OONAN’S COUNT. 57470 (Sire 47902, Dam 74928) |] | 275 8:1 7871 6.007 | 508 5:9 8689 5.823 | DC | AB 1508 7:10| 73863 | 5.829 873 3:5 | 8003 | 5.724] || DC_| BB 223 5:9 | 9510 | 5.723 319 3:10} 6562 | 6.000) || BD | BA 223 5:9 9510 5.7238 | 242 3:10} 8239 5.621) WletO}es) 1838 397 7:8.| 7444 |-5.972 725 5:9 | 8622 | 6.518 | DC | BA 728 6:4 6762 6.513 || 721) 3:2 6458 | 6.245 | DD | AA 397 7:8 7444 5.972 | 1134) 4:1 8319 | 6.119 | DC | BA 416 4:11) 7678 5.414 | 1135 Bia 8111 | 6.301 | DC | CA Mean 7947.7| 5.894| 468,44) : 7875.4) 6.044) 475.99) | OONAN’S MAJOR. 91036 (Sire 68540, Dam 165338) 472] 5:10} 9575 5.181 3562 2:11) 7590 5.263 | BD | DC 4679 6:0 | 7851 | 5.646 2863 2:1 | 8548 | 5.800 || DC | BB Mean 8713.0} 5.413} 471.63 8069.0} 5.531 446.30) | | MaINe AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change | Corrected Corrected Age Milk | Fat | Fat || R. M. Age Milk | Fat | Fat || Milk} Fat Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % | Lbs. OONAN’S 23D’S GRANDSON. 174887 (Sire 71008, Dam 183619) 5:1 | 10020 | 6.152 2969 3:9 8528 5.557 BC | AO 6:9 | 12711 6.731 3169 3:11 7522 6.781 AD AA 3:0 9645 | 6.1138 3285 4:0 | 10232 5.688 BB | AB 10792.0| 6.3382) 683.35 8760.7) 6.009} 526.43 OXFORD DAISY’S FLYING FOX. 83284 (Sire 61441, Dam 162113) 2023 7:10} 10665 5,122 4243 2:4 8386 5.627 AC | DB 7:9 | 183828 5.068 4249 1:10) 9195 5.294 AB | DO 5119 6:0 7764 5.902 4250 2:2 | 14426 5.061 DA BD 5117 8:3 7489 5.450) 4209 Pal | aGyleH) 4.705 DA CD 3890 7:10) 10109 5.236 4652 1:11} 7994 4.705 BC CD 2730 5:1 | 15331 5.033 4784 1:10! 10268 4.956 AB | DD Mean 10781.0| 5.802} 571.61) 10898.2| 5.058} 551.23 OXFORD JOHN D. 90048 (Sire 57499, Dam 177094) 3:5 9811 6.277 2910 2:0 9178 5.376 BB | AO 1732 5:11} 10452 5.842 2504 2:5 | 11488 4.977 AA | BD 1732 5:11} 10452 5.842 1781 5:0 | 11182 5.041 AA | BD 10238.3|} 5.987) 612.97 10616.0} 5.131 544.71 OXFORD KING OF FERNWOOD. 81879 (Sire 72826, Dam 193128) 557 3:6 7287 5.454 2709 Bell 9211 5.696 DB CB 1322 2:9 8912 5.444 2664 3:6 | 11039 5.093 CA CD 937 3:10} 9094 4.589 2290 2383 8161 4.403 : BC | DD Mean 8431.0) 5.162) 435.21) 9470.3) 5.064) 479.58 OXFORD LAD’S OWL. 75599 (Sire 66518, Dam 170849) 524 8:1 | 10734 5.001 1231 2:3 7184 5.237 AD | DO 358 8:3 | 11206 4.818 1180 2:6 7269 5.104 AD | DD Mean | 10970.0 4.909) 538.52) 7226.5) 5.171) 373.68 OXFORD LASS’S CREAM KING. 81359 (Sire 69637, Dam 195832) 7:4 8324 5.484 5055 | 4:2 8582 5.417 CC CO 6:7 8344 5.573 5057 3:0 8434 5.543 CC CO 7:4 8324 5.484 5056 3:4 | 12134 5.266 CC Co 8330.7| 5.514) 459.35 9716.7) 5.409} 525.58 OXFORD’S BRIGADIER. 78529 (Sire 95698, Dam 211604) 6:10} 11348 5.609 2738 4:4 | 12872 5.348 AA | BO 2738 4:4 | 12872 5.348 4769 20) 9652 5.683 AB CB 2586 3:8 4.390 4829 2:2 5.006 DD 12110.0) 5.116} 619.55 11262.0| 5.346] 602.07 Strupies 1n MiLtkK S&EcRETION 193 Appendix Table—Continued. = — = = ——— a —— iT ——— anh || Quartile DAM DAUGHTER || Change hits | cy. a Corrected | Corrected : | ee R. M.| Age | Milk | Fat| Fat ||R.M.| Age | Milk | Fat | Fat || Milk| Fat No. Lbs. | % | Lbs. || No. Lbs. | % | Lbs. || OXFORD’S FAIRY BOY. 92821 (Sire 83767, Dam 188248) | 2630} 5:1] 8717 | 5.470 4444) 9:1 | 9606 | 5.146 OB | CD , 2631 5:1 | 7018 | 5.860 4443) 9:0 | 8120 | 6.375 | DC | BA 2629} 8:0 | 7955 | 5.805 4529| 2:3 11280 | 4.869 | CA | BD Mean 7896.7| 5.712) 451.06 9668.7| 5.463) 528.20! OWL’S MODEL FOX. 76617 (Sire 66518, Dam 155973) 1419 6:5 | 8679 | 5.675 2619| 3:2 | 9733 | 4.903 || cB | BD 1412} 6:5 8679 | 5.675 1414, 3:6] 98142 | 5.013 | CO | BD Mean 8679.0] 5.675} 492.53 8937.5| 4.958] 443.12 | | PEDRO OF BRICK HOUSE FARM. 88867 (Sire 69725, Dam 163903) 4016] 3:10], 9916 | 6.155 4075} 2:0 | 7999 | 6.769 | BO | AA 4015] 3:11) 7833 | 6.611 4076| 2:0 | 76765 | 6.476 || DD | AA 4077| 6:7 | 8291 | 7.371 4074 2:10] 7715 | 6.007 CD | AA Mean 8680.0) 6.712] 582.60 | 7796.3} 6.417| 500.29) } PEDRO’S VIDI. 71235 (Sire 64335, Dam 123368) 2484 7:11| 8672 | 5.811 3146] 4:11) 9991 | 5.683 CB | BB 2486, 8:4 9095 | 6.207 2633} 3:9) 7595 | 6.448 BD | AA Mean 8883.5} 6.009} 533.81 8793.0] 6.065) 583.30) 1] POGIS ALDEN BOY. 96014 (Sire 55001, Dam 137520) 1393} 7:8 | 8847 | 5.409 1394, 2:6 | 7588 | 5.991 CD | CB 1398 7:8 | 8847 | 5.409 1368 1:8 | 7852 | 5.242 CD | CO Mean 8847.0| 5.409} 478.53 7717.5| 5.617| 483.49 POGIS OF GOLIAD. 984397 (Sire 78593, Dam 163629) 2188} 3:2 | 8193 | 5.991 4025] 2:2 | 6985 | 6.259 | CD | BA 2133} 3:1 | 8097 | 5.386 4026] 3:1] 7914 | 5.881 | CD | CB 1925] 6:2 | 6970 | 5.984 4297/ 3:1 | 7482 | 5.400 | DD | BO Mean 7753.3) 5.787| 448.68 | 7460.3} 5.847) 436.20) POGIS 66th OF HOOD FARM. 85015 (Sire 55552, Dam 189608) | | 4396] 6:9 | 9887 | 5.317 4497; 4:2 | 10731 | 5.954 | BA | CB 4395| 6:11) 8685 | 5.327 4158) 4:3 | 10627 | 5.331 CA | CO 5022} 7:6 | 11697 | 4.567 8589) 3:5 | 10405 | 5.081 AA | DD Mean 10073.0| 5.070} 510.70 10587.7| 5.455 517-56) 194 Matne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change Corrected Corrected R. M.| Age | Milk | Fat | Fat ||R.M.| Age | Milk | Fat | Fat || Milk| Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % Lbs. POGIS 75th OF HOOD FARM, 94501 (Sire 55552, Dam 195777) 531 4:6 | 11021 | 4.718 4127 2:7 | 10049 | 5.503 AB | DO 1240) 4:2 | 18274 | 5.359 4344 2:9 | 10445 | 6.389 AA | CA 503 5:3 | 12551 | 5.572 4359 2:4 | 11942 | 5.691 A A| CB 770| 6:11) 11269 | 4.797 4530 2:6 | 11204 | 5.180 AA | DD 921 2:3 | 9999 | 5.586 4739 2:7 | 10190 | 6.178 BB | CA 632| 2:3) 8505 | 5.516 4764 2:5 | 8794 | 6.526 CC | CA 581 6:1 | 11783 | 5.866 2992 2:1 |~11312 | 5.576 AA | BO Mean) 11198.1] 5.345) 598.27 10562.3} 5.863] 619.27 POGIS 94th OF HOOD FARM. 90492 (Sire 55552, Dam 173077) 1803 6:1 | 7587 | 5.971 4347 3:4 | 7849 | 5.329 DD | AO 1644 6:2 9523 5.534 3976 2:9 7184 5.747 BD | CB Mean 8555.0) 5.753) 492.17 7516.5| 5.5388) 416.26 POGIS 95th OF HOOD FARM. 92626 (Sire 55552, Dam 198780) 2742 6:6 | 15259 | 5.757 4939 2:5 | 10651 | 6.148 AA | BA 4943 5:10} 8629 | 5.071 4947 2:3 | 11560 | 5.158 CA | DD 3308 3:4 | 9026 | 6.269 4944 2:4 | 10940 | 6.113 BA | AA 305 6:3 | 181381 | 5.205 4948 2:1 | 7742 | 5.729 AD | DB 4942 7:10} 9107 | 5.653 4754 2:6 | 8883 | 5.831 BC | BB Mean 11030.4| 5.591) 616.71 9955.2) 5.796) 577.00 POGIS 99th OF HOOD FARM. 94502 (Sire 55552, Dam 189748) | | i 2057 2:3 | 11684 | 4.751| 4354) 2:7 | 18691 | 5.027 AA | DD 1778 2:0 | 98421 | 5.349) 4352 2:11) 11329 | 5.533 CA | CO 4505} 4:7 | 10917 | 5.833] 4358| 2:6 | 10654 | 5.766 AA | BB 1950 2:1. | 7749 | 5.663, 4355| 2:7 | 11843 | 6.055 DA | BA 1670 2:3 | 8806 | 5.849] 4128) 2:11| 11511 | 5.886 CA | BB 1664 2:0 | 7934 | 6.596) 4125) 2:11) 10216 | 6.312 CB | AA 1982 1:10} 8452 | 6.167| 4126| 2:8) 10365 | 5.233 CB | DD 1727 2:3 | 19451 | 4.451) 3909) 2:10) 8564 | 5.292 AC | DC 1936 Fea PAE AD 3408} 2:1 | 13309 | 5.440 DA | BC 1979 2:0 | 11075 | 5.259 3407 2:1 | 14945 || 5.722 AA | CB 2521 3:9 | 20703 | 5.245! 4506 2:2 | 18191 | 5.844 AA | CB 2515 2:1 | 18195 | 5.307] 4582| 2:1 | 10268 | 5.896 AB | CB 2455 2:3 | 12795 | 5.681| | 4581| 2:2 | 11567. | 5.544 AA | BC 1672 2:0 | 7381 | 5.598) 4750| 3:8 | 18971 | 6.117 | DA | BA Mean 1117.9 5.461, 610.48 | 12173.1| 5.691] 692.77 l| | PORTLAND PROSPECT. 61919 (Sire 29121, Dam 51781) | ] | 97 2:5 | 9142 | 5.001 265 2:3 | 10404 | 5.037 BA | DD 226 3:9 | 10614 | 5.695 264 1:11) 7982 | 5.935 AC | BB 68 1:1 4.916 263 1:11 5.659 DB 235) 7:10) 14464 | 4.829 1363 4:10] 13258 | 4.753 AA | DD Mean | 11406.7) 5.110 pba eS 10548.0| 5.346} 563.90 Stupies IN MiLk SECRETION 195 Appendix Table—Continued, Quarti‘e DAM DAUGHTER Change Eee Corrected Corrected | R. M.| Age | Milk | Fat | Fat ||R.M.| Age | Milk | Pat | Fat | Ane Fat No. Lbs. | % | Lbs. || No. Lbs. | I | Lbs. || | PRINCE NOEL. 74140 (Sire 53882, Dam 161267) || | 283| 7:4] 9792 | 6.579 1813) 1:10] 7855 | 5.776 | BD | AB 1995]. 9:6 | 7937 | 6.408 1815| 2:0 | 10375 | 5.176 || CB | AD 9946 6:7] 8140 | 5.453 22471 9:3] 7718 | 6.376 || CD | OA 1995] 9:6 | 7987 | 6.403 1581 2:8 | 7823.) 6.914 || OD | AA Mean 8451.5] 6.209] 524.75 8442.7| 6.061] 511.71 | | PRINCE RAMAPOSA. 87833 (Sire 75437, Dam 155372) 4468} 4:7 | 8072 | 4.882 4702| 2:9] 7680 | 5.310 || CD | DO 3012) 4:8] 9194 | 6.091 4045) 2:9] 8512 | 5.409 BO | AO Mean 8633.0) 5.487| 473.69 8096.0) 5.359| 433.86 QUEEN’S RALEIGH. 88232 (Sire 79438, Dam 210070) 2531; 3:6 | 9495 | 5.861 3826] 1:8] 12401 | 4.073 BA | BD 2156} 4:9 7517 | 5.744 3658 1:11] 12843 | 4.277 DA | BD 3386] 3:8| 9763 | 4.511 4342} 1:11| 15168 |. 4.169 BA | DD Mean 8925.0] 5.372] 479.45 13470.7| 4.173] 562.13 QUINTIN OWL. 77041 (Sire 63345, Dam 96220) 2139} 6:31 7807 | 5.927 2395 3:11) 7677 | 6.410 DD | BA 2352| 8:71 6097 | 6.896 2803| . 2:10| 6177 | 6.506 DD | AA 93931 5:41 16506 | 4.981 4645| 2:1 | 7188 | 5.346 AD | DO Mean 8136.7| 5.935] 482.91 7012.8] 6.087| 426.84 RALEIGH’S FAIRY BOY. 88767 (Sire 69011, Dam P. S. 9178 H. C.) 656, 5:10] 10187 | 6.231 | 3016) 2:0 | 9660 | 5.223 | BB | AD 1377| 6:7 | 9632 | 5.319] | 2856] 1:10] 10233 | 4.643 | BB | CD 1297| 8:10) 9826 | 5.560 3017) 2:11/ 9730 | 4.514 | BB | CD 1138, 8:6 | 10696 | 5.843) | 4807 2:2 | 10687 | 5.165 | AA | BD 2446} 6:11) 8560 | 5.101\ | 4493) 2:1 || 13047) | 4.308 | CA | DD 1766 10:8 | 9145 | 5.376| 2296] 2:1 | 12166 | 4.493 | BA | CD 657; 6:11} 10562) 5.989) 4266 2:1 | 10591 | 4.369 || AA | BD 1302|. 4:10) 11187 | 5.283 4092 2:2 | 10646 | 4.578 AA | GD 1457| 7:4 | 14246 | 4.444 3632/ 2:1 | 12732 | 4.560 | AA | DD 1885) 8:2 | 10759 | 4.615 3018] 92:4 8946 | 4.839 AB | DD Mean 10480.0] 5.376) 563.40 10933.8| 4.662) 509.73 REARGUARD. 70962 (Sire 62195, Dam 178389) 2760} 3:1 | 10466 | 5.435 2117 3:1] 9594 | 4.871 | AO | GD 379| 5:9 | 11058 | 5.463 | 9896] 7:6 | 16915 | 5.568 | AA | CO Mean 10762.0) 5.449 Bae 12754.5| 5.219): 665.66, 196 Matne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change Corrected Corrected R. M. Age Milk Fat Fat R. M. Age Milk Fat Fat || Milk] Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % Lbs. RESERVATION STOKE POGIS. 76048 (Sire 62762, Dam 205855) MT 1899] 7:0 | 7285 | 5.592 | 2197 2:9 | 7638 | 5.804 | DD | CB 547 4:9 | 8013 | 6.006 2196 2:1 | 7756 | 5.314 CD | AO 914| 2:2 | 9435 | 5.070 2195 2:3 | 7485 | 5.411 BD | DO 546} 8:4 8643 | 5.510 | 1174 2:0 | 8746 | 4.827 CC | CD 547| 4:9} 8013 | 6.006 | 1173 2:0 | 7874 | 5.775] CD | AB Mean) 8277.8] 5.637 | 7899.8 Bee 428,64 RINDA LAD OF §S. B. 989518 (Sire 70050, Dam 175361) 2528 8:0 | 7895 | 6.066 | 3077 2:0 | 12261 | 5.154 DA | AD 3080 3:6 | 7264 | 6.535 | 3076 2:0 | 9705 | 5.844 DB | AB Mean 7579.5) 6.301 477.58, 10983.0} 5.499] 603.96 RIOTER’S JERSEY LAD. 58001 (Sire 41012, Dam 99422) | | Tey 175) 8:6 | 7707 | 5.757) i} 150 5:1 | 7649 | 6.290 DD | BA 778| 13:10 5.650! | 172 | 4:10] 6.083 BA 778) 13:10 5.650 308) 2:6 6.245 BA 138) 6:2 | 8528 | 6.625 718 4:5 | 10862 | 6.035 CA | AA 175) 8:6 | 7707 | 5.757 734 5:8 | 13033 | 5.162 DA | BD 306 7:6 | 7998 | 5.997 780 2:2 | 7011 | 5.529 CD | AO 342 3:9 | 6973 | 6.926 1716 4:0 | 10019 | 6.810 DB | AA 149) 5:6 | 9904: | 5.950! 2182 4:6 | 9850 | 6.052 BB | BA 171 8:7 | 8861 | 5.909) 2265 4:4 | 9160 | 6.193 || CB | BA Mean | 8239.7) 6.025) 496.44 9654.9 6.044| 583.54 ROCHETTE’S NOBLE. 96422 (Sire 95700, Dam P.S. 9247 H. C.) 2796 9:0 | 7662 | 6.045 4773 | 4:0 | 8115 | 6.056 DC | AA 3126 4:9 | 9267 | 6.272 | 3784 2:1 9694 | 4.533 BB | AD Mean 8414.5) 6.159) 521.33 | 8904.5) 5.295| 471.49 ROMA’S RIOTER OF ST. L. 70951 (Sire 63998, Dam 176613) | 968 4:3 | 9889 | 5.529 1739| 2:4 | 15269 | 5.787 BA | BB 966} 10:1 | 8706 | 5.927 182) 3:2 | 11345 | 5.680 CA | BB 1568 7:7 | 9515 | 6.687 2185) 3:8 | 8600 | 6.433 BC | AA Mean 9203.3} 6.048] 556.62 11788.0| 5.967) 700.41) ROMEO OF SHEOMET. 62715 (Sire 61765, Dam 82365) 343 4:10} 7896 5.183 441 6:0 7370 5.759 DD | DB 558 4:9 | 7990 | 5.444 1323 4:2 | 6281 | 6.214 CD | CA 357 3:1 | 8265 | 4.808 2159 4:11] 7683 | 5.314 cD | DC 692 83:4 | 8752 | 5.585 2111 2:2 | 6500 | 5.672 CD | CB Mean 8225.7) 5.243) 431.27 6958.5] 5.740) 399.42 | . Stupres 1N Mitk SECRETION 197 Appendix Table—Continued. - Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Shange Corrected Corrected R.M.| Age | Milk | Fat | Fat ||R.M.| Age | Milk | Fat | Fat || Milk| Fat No. Lbs. | % | Lbs. || No. Lbs. | % | Lbs. ROMULUS OF SPRING HILL. 78837 (Sire 59876, Dam 186253) | 1053] 4:10/ 8596 | 6.918 3309 2:1 | 10914 | 6.196 | CA | AA 1053 4:10/ 8596 | 6.918 4082 1:10} 9684 | 6.312 | CB | AA 10538) 4:10/ 8596 | 6.918 2502 2:4 | 7982 | 6.398 | CO | AA 1022 3:5] 9801 | 4.826 2297| 9:1 | 8778 | 6.041 || BO.| DA Mean 8897.3) 6.395} 568.98 9339.5] 6.285] 582.32) ROSAIRE’S GOLDEN LAD. 64554 (Sire 53658, Dam 115227) 472) 7:0 | 16412 | 5.554 759 3:0 | 10487 | 5.555 | AA | CO 472} 7:0 | 16412 | 5.554 | 406 4:6 | 15563 | 6.138 || AA | CA Mean 16412.0| 5.554| 911.52 13025.0| 5.847| 761.57 | ROSAIRE’S LAD OF GLENWOOD. 76580 (Sire 64554, Dam 139090) 1013 5:8 | 8774 | 5.728 | 2451 2:1 | 9475 | 5.832 | CB | BB 1012; 8:8] 12176 | 5.774 | 2687 1:10} 10465 | 5.275 || AA | BO Mean 10475.0| 5.751) 602.42 | | 9970.0) 5.553} 553.63 | ROSAIRE’S OLGA LAD. 87498 (Sire 78574, Dam 194379) | 9147| 5:6 | 10682 | 6.563, | 8090 2:2 | 18951 | 5.540/ || AA | AO 2147 5:6 |. 10682 | 6.563 | 3091 2:2 | 10069 | 5.788) | AB | AB 3093] 2:11/ 12018 | 5.612) | 4474 2:0 | 10562 | 5.019 | AA |- BD 1964 3:0 | 9645 | 6.113 4475 1:11) 9057 | 5.642 | BB | AB 3092} 4:0 | 12898 | 6.235 4476 1:11| 8776 | 5.634 | AG | AB 2146) 4:5 | 7954 | 5.204) 3316 1:8 | 11812 | 5.634| || CA | DB 2149| 5:1 | 10020 | 6.152 3312 1:11) 8109 | 5.689 | BC | AB 1969] 2:1 | 8523 | 6.297 Messi 2:0 | 11826 | 5.881! | CA | AB 1966] 7:1 | 13660 | 6.244 | 3314) = 1:11) +8889 | 5.713! | AG | AB 1964 3:0 | 9645 | 6.113 | 3315, 2:0 | 10486 | 5.646 | BA | AB 3169| 3:11| 7522 | 6.781 4094 1:10} 12218 | 5.652 DA AB 3285 4:0 | 10232 | 5.688 4174 1:11) 10223 | 5.974 BB | BB 1966} 7:1) 13660 | 6.244 4459| 1:11) 14897 | 5.732 | AA | AB Mean 10548.9| 6.139) 647.60 10759.6 5.657| 608.67] R ROSETTA’S GOLDEN LAD. 73203 (Sire 63571, Dam 169084) 1804; 7:11) 8534 | 5.231 1645 4:10] 8156 | 5.248 | cc | De 1804) 7:11) 8534 | 5.231 3878 3:5 | 6846 | 5.493 CD | DC 1803 6:1 | 7587 | 5.971 4346 4:2 | 7954 | 5.896 DC | BB 4349| 10:0 | 9607 | 5.130 1805 4:11| 8697 | 5.774 BC | DB 4491 7:10) 7075 | 5.993 | 1866 5:0 | $888 | 5.700 DC | BB Mean 8267.4) 5.511| 455.62 7998.2) 5.571) 445.58) 1} | || ROVING GIPSY. 67588 (Sire 3270 H. C., Dam 181186) | 2116} 6:0] 8970 | 5.843 3038 6:6 | $285 | 5.604 | BC | BB 122| 10:6 | 7839 | 6.516 | 3926 1:8 | 7325 | 6.044 | DD | AA Mean 8404.5| 6.179 alg 7805.0| 5.824) 454.56] | 198 MatINe AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAUGHTER Change Corrected Corrected R. M. Age Milk | Fat Fat || R. M. Age Milk | Fat | Fat || Milk) Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % Lbs. ROYAL MAJESTY. 79313 (Sire 71238, Dam P.S. 8584 H. C.) 3643/ 10:5 | 9698 | 5.996 2423) 2:5 | 9758 | 5.148 BB | AD 9369] 4:4 | 9907 | 5.209 8331| 2:5 | 15656 | 5.383 BA | DO 1276] 11:0] 11325 | 5.229 2322) 5:0 | 10962 | 5.073 AA | DD 2318| 4:6 | 8207 | 5.394 3959| 1:11] 10864 | 4.940 CA | CD 3884] 5:6 | 10999 | 4.699 || 8889] 1:11) 13589 | 4.659 AA | DD Mean 10027.2| 5.305} 531.94! 12165.8| 5.041| 618.28 IMP. ROZEL’S NOBLE. 96627 (Sire 95700, Dam P. S. 9734 H. C.) 3125] 4:6] 8012 | 4.93¢ 3028) 2:1] 7697 | 5.595 CD | DB 1137| 7:0} 8160 | 5.665 4774, 2:0 | 8410 | 5.606 CC | BB Mean 8086.0) 5.297| 428.32) 8053.5) 5.601] 451.08 SANS ALOI. 81012 (Sire 70334, Dam 155100) * 3600] 6:0 | 7890 | 5.190 4728] 1:11| 12455 | 4.980 DA | DD 1195] 4:9 | 7782 | 6.435 3372| 2:1 | 12146 | 5.901 DA | AB Mean 7838.0) 5.813] 455.51 12300.5| 5.415} 666.07 SAYDA’S HEIR 3d. 74817 (Sire 45360, Dam 129768) { 2948] 11:3 | 10555 | 5.823 907| 3:2 | 8903 | 5.755 AC | BB 894, 9:10) 7289 | 5.619 2222) 9:6 | 8847 | 5.382 DC | BC 908) 7:6 | 7823 | 5.728 | 2440] 2:9] 7436 | 5.973 DD | BB 1165) 6:2 98983 | 5.748 | 2542}. 3:8 | 11178 | 5.438 BA | BO 1623} 11:7 8593 | . 5.855} | 2694; 3:10| 10002 | 5.307 CB | BO 2889/ 5:5 7510. | 5.789} | 2904] © 3:1 | 10757 | 6.191 DA | BA 1565] 5:9 | 9286 | 6.387] | | 8205] 4:4] 8307 | 6.359 BO | AA 3651) 16:1 | | 5.704) Ia S36S abaseon| | 6.189 BA 906] 9:1 | 7504 | 5.873| | 3412] 6:3 | 10098 | 5.300 DB | BC 3251, 5:1 | 9624 | 5.544] || 3871] 3:9 | 8606 | 5.627 BO | OB 3874, 11:11) 7992 | 5.624] | 38721 6:3 | 6943 | 6.593] CD | BA 2721, 7:6 | 8773 | 5.938| | 4097| 4:8) 7988 | 5.841 | CC | BB 1977, 2:9 9180 | 5.544) 4668) 1:9 | 7388 | 6.710] BD | CA 509] 5:1 | 10886 | 4.662) | 5109} 2:3 | 10080 | 5.673| || AB | DB 1090} 10:8| 8716 | 5.518) | 4956] 2:3 7919 | 5.439) || CD | CO 4039 10:5 | 9698 | 5.640) | 3466] 5:11) 9467 | 5.945] | BB | BB Mean | 8820.8 HES 501.64 8927.3, 5.853) 522.51 | | SENSATIONAL FERN. 75924 (Sire 65300,°Dam 162128) 3265] 7:3 | 9628 | 5.323 2035) 4:1 | 6075 | 6.360 BD | CA 2052] 4:7 7630 | 5.818 2050| 2:8| 7568 | 5.288 DD | BO 3265] 7:3 | 9628 | 5.323 3214) 6:1 | 9385 | 5.851 BB | CO 1343] 14:1 | . 4.900 2580| 3:10 5.466 DO Mean 8962.0| 5.341] 478.66 7676.0| 5.616} 431.08 Stupies IN Mirk SkcreTion 199 Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change Corrected Corrected Rk. M. | Age Milk | Fat | Fat || R. M. Age Milk | Fat | Fat || Milk| Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % Lbs. SEVEN GATES. 75925 (Sire 55552, Dam 173927) 674 7:8 | 7092 | 6.169 3176 3:3 | 8567 | 5.701 DC | AB 3233 8:7 | 6483 | 6.571 2253 2:11] 8573 | 6.169 DO | AA 3235 2:11] 7883 | 5.898 3177 8:2 | 8092 | 5.583 DC | BO 3179 2:2 | 9246 | 5.151 4437 O:7 | 7185 | 5.521 BD | DO 813] . 4:11] 13166 | 5.434 4008) 2:4 | 10927 | 5.003 AA | CD Mean 8774.0) 5.845) 512.84 8658.8] 5.585] 483.59 SIGNAL’S SUCCESSOR. 72758 (Sire 61621, Dam 147286) lj 2524. 5:1 | 7904 | 5.822 5111 4:2 | 10050 | 5.537 | DB | CC 5110 7 | 7558 | 5.651 4254 3:5 | 11965 | 5.927 | DA | BB 5113 6:10} 11188 | 4.954 8892 7:9 | 13328 | 5.068 | AA | DD Mean 8881.7] 5.309} 471.53) 11781.0) 5.511} 649.25) || SPERMFIELD OWL.. 57088 (Sire 54738, Dam 129540) 942 4:9 | 9474 | 5.578} 2099 5:0 | 11112 | 4.768| | BA | CD 84 4:1 | 9008 | 5.486 | 896 6:6 | 12478 | 5.656| | BA | CB 838| 10:0 | 9991 | 5.378 792 6:6 | 12042 | 4.376| | BA | CD 2355 6:2 5.551 | 1902 Me, 5.942 CB 103 8:2 | 7897 | 5.654 819 4:6 | 10823 | 5.992 | DA | BB 84 4:1 | 9008 | 5.486} 760 7:0 | 9959 | 6.239 | BB | CA 506 6:4 | 12098 | 4.852 | 1157 7:9 | 9850 | 5.392 | AB | DO 515 6:0 | 9122 | 6.163) - 3002 4:7 | 10546 | 6.311 || BA | AA 204 8:0 | 9125 | 5.010 1903 5:0 | 9559 | 5.259 | BB | DO 202 2:9} 7975 | 5.748) 931 7:9 | 9651 | 6.084 || CB | BA 202 2:9 7975 5.748) 2727 7:9 | 14858 5.604 || CA | BB 246 4:1 | 8270 | 6.450} | 690 4:2 | 8985 | 6.067 || CB | AA 204 8:0 | 9125 | 5.010) | 751 3:8 | 9931 | 4.722 | BB | DD 20 4:3 | 10740 | 5.251 | 1042 4:6 | 8634 | 5.077 | AC | CD 20 4:3 | 10740 | 5.251) | 659) 6:1 | 12290 | 5.106 || AA | CD 901 4:10! 7264 | 6.187 | 2782 3:2 | 7190 | 5.986 || DD | AB 251 2:6 | 697 | 5.195 | 1159) 5:8 | 9474 | 5.540 || DB | DO 98 8:2 | 8848 | 6.173} 793) 6:0 | 1843 6.294 || CA | AA 91 4:1 | 7840 | 5.775] | 1158 6:9 | 11412 | 5.979 | DA | BB ee 3:3-| 10002 | 5.752 II 507 3:11) 10853 | 6.068} | BA | BA 102 4:11} 8792 | 6.084 | 885) 8:3] 5829 | 6.514| | CD | AA 84 4:1 | 9008 | 5.486 : 932] 7:1 | 10568 | 5.909 | BA | CB 370 Q:11| 6392 | 6.575 2494 3:6 | 7375 | 6.189} | DD | AA 251 2:6 | 7697 | 5.195 912 6:6 | 12632 | 4.728 DA | DD 18 6:3 | 10673 | 6.455 560) 7:0 | 15274 | 6.182] | AA | AA 524 8:1 | 10784 | 5.001 | 3001 4:11) 17012 | 4.702 | AA | DD 50 3:5 | 9648 | 4.504! 2092 2:5'| 7963 | 5.058] || BC | DD Mean 9044.0) 5.591) 505.65 10739.7| 5.618) 603.36 | I= SPERMFIELD OWL 2d. 93634 (Sire 57088, Dam 201940) 2438; 5:0 | 7962 | 5.098 5033] 2:3 | 9022 | 5.238 | CB | DD 2543 4:2 | 6288 | 6,292 5078) 2:5 | 8535 | 5.193 || DB | AD Mean 7125.0) 5.695 itl 8778.5) 5.213 01,02] | | 200 Marne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change | Corrected Corrected a R.M.| Age | Milk | Fat| Fat ||R.M.| Age | Milk | Fat | Fat || Milk| Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % Lbs. ST. HELIER OF SHEOMET. 61765 (Sire 53643, Dam 64431) Ml | 9g1| 5:10/ 8818 | 5.596 | 3641 3:11] 9701 | 5.884 CO | BB 119 7:1 | 9415 | 6.463 365, 3:9 | 7504 | 5.956 BD | AB 292} 8:0] 9930 | 7.237 4002) 7:0 | 6816 | 6.256 BD | AA Mean 9387.7| 6.432| 608.82 7513.7| 6.032} 458.23) ST. LAMBERT’S RIDGEWOOD KING. 73247 (Sire 54896, Dam 167358) 2489] 2:6 | 9549 | 4.774 | 2487) 2:0] 8047 | 5i197 BC | DD 2488| 7:0 | 7506 | 5.395 || 5133) 1:11) 10348 | 4.587 DB | CD Mean 8527.5) 5.085] 483.62 | 9197.5) 4.892] 449.94 | ST. MAWES. 72053 (Sire 62598, Dam 114531) 1968} 4:5 | 9677 | 6.038 1963] 2:0 | 8781 | 5.761 BC | AB 2149| 5:1 | 10020 | 6.152 | 1969 2:1 | 8523 | 6.297 BC | AA Mean 9848.5} 6.093] 600.07 8652.0} 6.029] 521.63 1] ST. ONER’S TORONO. 81219 (Sire 60326, Dam 192042) | 3897; 4:6 9158 | 5.561 || 4019] 2:10] 8504 | 5.259 BC | cc 127| 8:0 5.254 inner S 219) samees=G 6.152 CA 3418] 4:2 | 10426 | 5.507 | 3417 1:10} 10926 | 5.589 AA | CO Mean 9792.0) 5.441 532.78 9760.0] 5.667| 553.10 STORR’S GOLDEN LAD. 68189 (Sire 64329, Dam 127527) 854 5:4 | 10593 | 5.517 3230 2:2 | 10674 | 5.211 AA | CD 499} 6:4 | 9859 | 5.377 3229} 4:0 | 9844 | 5.840 BB | CB Mean 10226.0| 5.447) 557.01) 10259.0| 5.525) 566.81 SULTAN OF OAKLANDS. 78475 (Sire 68212, Dam 185045) 988] 8:4] 7772 | 5.762 2059 5:10| 7095 | 5.680 DD | BB 891 7:8 | 8547 | 5.006 | 1491 4:6 | 8398 | 5.691 cc | DB 541 2:1 | 7369 | 5.636 | 2414 5:2 | 11509 | 6.189 DA | BA Mean 7896.0] 5.468] 431.75} 9000.7| 5.853} 526.81 SULTANA’S OXFORD LAD. 76506 (Sire 71238, Dam 146282) | 1822} 5:8] 6971 | 6.259 4662 2:0 | 7883 | 5.705 DD | AB 1993| 7:8 10710 | 5.321 3682 3:4 | 9123 | 5.036 AB | CD 2642; 8:0 | 9489 | 6.273 2976 2:2 | 9288 | 6.310 BB | AA Mean 9056.7| 5.951| 538.96 8764.7| 5.684) 498.19 TAURUS PERFECTION. 980132 (Sire 58265, Dam 97978) 2419| 8:5 | 10040 | 5.962 1927/ 1:11) 9985 | 4.805 BB | BD 2134, 6:4 | 6754 | 6.028 | - 2847] 2:11] 10220 | 5.840 DE | AB Mean 8397.0] 5.945] 499.20 | 10120.5| 5.823) 537.76 | Stupies 1N Mitk SEcRETION 201 Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change Corrected Corrected R. M. | Age Milk | Fat | Fat ||R. M.| Age Milk | Fat | Fat || Milk} Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % Lbs. TEMISIA’S INTERESTED PRINCE. 71648 (Sire 58224, Dam 134765) 3299 5:2 | 7053 | 5.899 4102} 4:6] 9858 | 4.903 | DB | BD 3299 5:2 | 7053 | 5.899 3649 3:8 | 11621 | 5.288 DA | BO Mean 7053.0) 5.899] 416.06 10739.5| 5.095| 547.18) | | THE IMPORTED JAP. 75265 (Sire 69011, Dam 203636) 1066} 10:2 | 8336 | 5.632 | 2275| 3:6 | 7049 | 6.277| || CD | BA 593 6:6 | 12708 | 4.762 | 2374 4:7 | 7758 | 5.400! || AD | DO 1973 9:9 | 8926 | 5.506 | 2481 3:3 | 6553 | 6.842] CD | CA 907 3:2 | 8903 | 5.755 |} 38109) 3:5 | 8448 | 5.727 COCO | BB 1180 2:6 | 7269 | 5.104 3557 2:2 | 6309 | 5.863 | DD | DB 38 8:11) 10064 | 5.348 | 3558 2:4 | 6861 | 5.691) BD | CB 593 6:6 | 12708 | 4.762 | 2645 5:9 | 11344 | 5.177| | AA | DD 591 5:1 | 7827 | 5.541 | 2543 4:2.| 6288 | 6.292! | DD |} CA 1623| 12:9 - | 5.999 | 3910 2:7 6.137) AA 999] 5:2 | 11885 | 5.864 | 4116] 2:2 | 9959 | 5.203] AB | BD 2293} 8:7 | 10101 | 6.248 || 3812 2:1 | 12242 | 5.645) BA | AB 572 6:8 | 10905 | 5.081 | 4866 2:0 | 9403 | 4.893} AB | DD 1623) 12:9 5.999 5077 2:4 5.958 | AB Mean 9916.5| 5.508} 546.20 8383.1) 5.777, 484.29} \| | ! THE OWL OF MERIDALE. 85853 (Sire 57088, Dam 188230) 300/ 7:8 7000 | 6.140 536 2:5 | 6250 | 6.117 DD || AA 1074, 6:9] 9335 | 4.862 3283 | 2:4 | 12710 | 5.590 BA || DC 505 4:2 | 10702 | 5.979 3201) 3:0 | 9156 | 5.664 AB | BB 204 8:0 | 9125 | 5.010 2949) 2:5 | 9405 | 5.296 BB || DC 509 5:1 | 10886 | 4.662 2541 2:2 | 9808 | 5.080 AB || DD Mean 9399.6] 5.331) 501.09 9465.8] 5.549] 525.26] . | THE OWL’S DOUBLE GRANDSON. 80314 (Sire 61709, Dam 155978) 793 6:0 | 13437 | 6.294 2184 5:5 | 18886 | 5.102 AA | AD 1212 6:11) 10591 | 4.911 1901 4:3 | 10263 | 4.796 AB | DD 348 7:5 5.418 1748 2:4 4.881 cD 524 8:1 | 10734 | 5.001 || 2646} 3:3 | 11240 | 4.974 AA | DD 819 4:6 | 10823 | 5.992 8242, 4:3 | 13318 | 5.717 AA | BB 21 3:3 | 10002 | 5.752 4907/ 2:4 | 16956 | 4.941 | BA | BD Mean 11117.4) 5.561} 618.24 | 13132.6| 5.069] 665.69) | | THE PLYMOUTH LAD. 989792 (Sire P. S. 3502 C., Dam 253304) 1622 7:10) 7199 | 5.517 | 2392 3:7 | 12487 | 5.204 DA | CD 1187 5:10| 8786 | 5.696 2609 2:11] 8405 | 5.348 Ce | BC 3206 9:4 | 8321 | 5.307 3067; 1:11) 10563 | 4.998 | CA | CD 1679 7:3 | 7609 | 5.380 | 3413 2:3 | 11751 | 5.225 | DA | CD Mean 7978.7| 5.475) 436.83 10789.0 eae 560.38 | I 202 Martine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. Appendix Table—Continued. Quartile DAM DAUGHTER Change Corrected Corrected R. M. Age Milk | Fat Fat R. M. Age Milk | Fat Fat || Milk) Fat No. Lbs. | To Lbs. No. Lbs. % Lbs. THE WARDEN. 77015 (Sire 67638, Dam 187161) ] | 1499; 4:4 7072 | 5.397| | 1573} 2:5 | 9449 | 5.877 DB | CB 2350 9:6 | 6328 | 6.483| | 1459 2:5 | 8157 | 5.585 DC | AC 1461; 7:8 6889 | 5.867| | 9961) 2:3 7518 | 4.975 DD | BD 2395] 3:11) 7677 | 6.410) | 3854 2:0 | 8800 | 5.147 DO | AD 1890) 8:7 6994 | 5.795] | 3697 3:2 | 8777 | 4.757 DO | BD 20011 3:2 8408 | 4.629 | 3698] 3:2 8300 | 4.497 cc | DD 2002} 5:8 7252 | 5.425) |. 3703 2:1 | 8452 | 4.556 DC | CD 2350/ 9:6 | 6328 | 6.483) | 8705 4:1 | 8187 | 5.310 DO | AG 1499} 4:4] 7072 | 5.897 || 8707/ 3:8] 98853 | 4.926 DO | CD 2394, 6:0 | 7989 | 5.672 . || 4706 2:0 | 8698 | 4.592 co | BD 2350| 9:6 | 6328 | 6.483) | 4709} 2:6 | 6813 | 5.334 DD | AO 1890| 8:7 | 6994 | 5.795| | 4882) 2:1 | 7652 | 5.594 DD | BB Mean 7110.9 5.819) 418.78 8300.5) 5.087) 422.95 | | ] THE WARDEN’S SIR PRINCE. 89421 (Sire 77015, Dam 203222) [ 3351 4:0 7940 4.932 3353 2:0 7599 5.024 CD | DD 1060 7:9 8678 5.628 | 4785 2:4 | 12016 5.164 CA | BD Mean 8309.0) 5.280} 4388.72 9807.5) 5.094) 499.59 | | TORMENTOR SUMMIT LAD. 68620 (Sire 59154, Dam 82890) 1880 5:6 8045 6.832 1876 4:3 | 11317 5.222 CA | AD 1880 5:6 8045 6.832 1877 8:5 7389 6.735 || CD | AA 1878 8:2 7413 6.387 1879 3:4 | 10347 5.753 DB | AB 2145 15:9 6.519 1880 5:6 6.832 AA 1878 8:2 6.387 1659 4:0 5.511 AC 1878 8:2 7413 6.387 2144 5:11} 6840 6.136 DD | AA Mean 7729.0) 6.557) 506.79 8973.3) 6.031} 541.18 TORMENTOR’S LANDSEER SIGNAL. 69291 (Sire 520741, Dam 159330) 5 5097/ 6:7} 8019 I 5.413 5120} 5:0] 7097 | 5.767 CD | CB 5097| 6:7 8019 | 5.413 5121| 4:5 | 10388 | 5.640 CB | CB 5115 6:0 $8134 | 5.199 5123] 3:11| 3982 | 5.138 CB | DD 5114, 6:7 9316 | 5.003 4727|- 8:0 | 16578 | 5.657 BA | DB Mean $372.0) 5.257| 440.12 10698.7| 5.549] 593.671 TORMENTOR’S TORONO. 78184 (Sire 55552, Dam 134252) 812} 6:10 7132 | 6.265 | 47321 9:4] 6589.| 5.716 DD | AB 813} 4:11] 13166 | 5.434 | 3180] 2:5] 8756 | 5.161 AC | CD 106} 4:0| 8383 | 5.178 | 31811 2:6] 6846 | 5.394 CD | DC 674 7:8 7092 | 6.169 3182) 2:5 9002 | 5.385 DB | AC 817|, 7:5 | 8103 | 5.563 4435, 2:8| 6406 | 5.672 CD | CB Mean 8765.2) 5.722 501.54 7519.8| 5.466| 411.03 | | Strupres 1N Mitxk SEcRETION Appendix Table—Continued. 203 Quartile DAM | DAUGHTER Change Corrected Corrected | R. M.| Age | Milk | Fat | Fat ||R.M.| Age | Milk | Fat | Fat || Milkk| Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % Lbs. || TORONO. 25204 (Sire 20883, Dam 48723) | | | A\eetit:0 5.948 | 199] 3:5 | 5.459 | BO WG) 7B 4,955 iB}) 2H) 5.274 | DC 7| 4:10 4,942 | 28) 2:0 5.294 | DC 6] 4:0 4,545 | 209 3:8 5.066 | DD Mean 5.097 | 5.273 1 | | TORONO POGIS. 78657 (Sire 55552, Dam 153471 I | 519} 6:0 | 10813 | 5.460 2201; 2:0 | 11328 | 5.804 |) AA | CB 602} 7:0 | 11140 | 6.084 2080] 3:4 | 16246 | 5.358 | AA | AO 1707} 1:10) +7580 | 5.535] 4536] 3:0 | 7234 | 7.129} DD | CA 1637; 9:9 | 10280 | 4.970 2778) 2:4 | 14773 | 5.691| BA | DB 602) 7:0 | 11140 | 6.084 | 8722) 3:5 | 6645 | 6.127 AD | AA 518| 3:1 | 7987 | 5.429 | 2777) 2:0 | 10036. | 5.570] | CB | CC 519| 6:0 | 10813 | 5.460 | 8769] 2:6 | 10128 | 5.587] AB | CC 2080| 3:4 | 16246 | 5.358 | 8768) 2:5 | 10033 | 5.792! || AB | CB 600| 6:3 | 9199 | 6.107) | 3770} 2:6.) 6902 | 6.254] | BD | AA 2958] 7:5 | 11985 | 5.171 | 3853) 2:7] 8631 | 5.843] | AC | DB 598] 4:9 | 10208 | 5.487 | 4081 2:9 | 8979 | 5.486| || BB | CC 602) 730 | 11140 | 6.084 | 3771] 2:61 6784 | 6.215] AD | AA 521| 4:1 | 9506 | 5.855] || 4415) 2:0 8595 | 5.954/ | BC | BB _ 1635} 6:6 | 10689 | 5.246 4789} 1:11) 10796 | 6.124| | AA | CA Mean 10619.7| 5.595) 594.17) | 9793.6) 5.924) 580.17) VALENTINE’S COUNT. 69878 (Sire 58076, Dam 163628) 275| 8:1 | 7871 | 6.007 | 1705] 2:0 | 7388 | 6.871 DD | AA 2190| 10:5 6574 | 6.336 | 2007) 2:2] 5740 | 6.589 DD | AA 725| 5:9 | 8622 | 6.518 2644 4:7 | 6908 | 5.817 CD | AB 789| _ 3:6 | 7520 | 5.093 2799 2:3 | 6364 | 6.165 DD | DA 2190} 10:5 | 6574 | 6.336 3814 3:4 | 6620 | 6.344 DD | AA 1619) 4:3 7289 | 5.773 4823 2:2 | 6449 | 5.612 | DD | BB Mean 7408.3) 6.011) 445.31) | 6578.2 6.150| 404.56 | VALENTINE’S OONAN. 58076 (Sire 39047, Dam 105049) 2190] 10:5 | 6574 | 6.336 1677} 5:6 | 7941 | 6.203 DC | AA 474) 6:4 | 7628 | 5.969 1255] 2:3 | 8346 | 6.189 | DC | BA 457| 7:11) 8762 | 6.254 728| 6:4 | 6762 | 6.513 | CD | AA 457| 7:11) 8762 | 6.254 371 2:6 | 11396 | 5.498 | CA | AO 457| 7:11| 8762 | 6.254 475| 7:11| +6349 | 6.359 | CD | AA 224 4:8 | 7899 | 5.532 1620} 3:2 | 7653 | 5.672 | DD | CB 2190} 10:5 | 6574 | 6.336 417| 6:7 | 7892 | 6.108 | DD | AA 474, 6:4) 7628 | 5.969 || 1183} 4:6] 8751 | 6.349 DC | BA 242/ 3:10} +8239 | 5.621 | 2589| 5:11) 7690 | 5.936 CD | BB 242) 3:10) 8239 | 5.621 | 729} 3:3 | 6517 | 5.800 | CD | BB Mean 7906.7| 6.015| 475.59) | 7929.7) 6.063} 480.78) I j { I AE ar a ea gE | VIOLA’S GOLDEN JOLLY. 79314 (Sire P. S. 2921 H. C., Dam 238437) 3433) 8:10] 10429 | 4.569 | art 4:3 | 6765 | 5.711 | AD | DB 1520] 11:6} 8113 | 6.117 2307| 3:8 | 5863 | 6.601 || CD | AA 1662} 12:11 5.403 1957| 2:3 6.441 OA - Mean 9271.0) 5.363] 497.20) 6314.0] 6.251| 394.69 Il Se See PO ae | Pa 1s Aa cee IPL Oa eS Re 204 Matne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. Appendix Table—Concluded. Quarti.e DAM DAUGHTER Change Corrected Corrected R. M. Age Milk | Fat Fat R. M. Age Milk | Fat Fat || Milk) Fat No. Lbs. % Lbs. No. Lbs. % Lbs. VIOLET’S OAKLAND COUNT. 80974 (Sire 77311, Dam 203631) 3062 8:7 | 14350 5.563 4080 gil 6830 6.965 AD CA 3244 6:2 8622 5.176 | 4314) 1:10} 9158 5.974 CB | DB Mean 11486.0| 5.369} 616.68 7991.5) 6.469) 516.97 WHITE OAK MONARCH. 88433 (Sire 74917, Dam 203784) 3605 7:2 8050 5.863 3606) D2, 9382 5.646 CB | BB 3602 5:3 6986 6.364 3608 | O52 8309 6.679 DC | AA 3601 4:9 | 12639 5.530 4299 3:4 8597 5.936 AC CB Mean 9225.0) 5.919} 546.03 8762.7| 6.087) 533.39, WILLSON’S EXILE. 44065 (Sire 13657, Dam 63624) 171 8:7 8861 | 5.909 310 5:10) 10175 5.119 CB | BD 178 5:7 8642 6.3824 315 We4/ 8222 5.804 CC | AB Mean 8751.5) 6.117] 535.33 9188.5 5.461) 502.33 YOU’LL DO OXFORD. 98772: (Sire 111860, Dam 289453) 5090 8:1 7347 5.879 4977 2:1 | 11208 5.367 DA | BC 5112 10:8 8681 5.853 5091 2:7 | 10414 5.857) CA | BR Mean 8014.0) 5.866} 470.10 10811.0| 5.612 606.71 BULLETIN 282 THREE PINK AND GREEN APHIDS OF THE ROSE* Evira M. Patcu For many years after Linnaeus gave “the” rose aphid the specific name of rosae, this term proved sufficiently elastic to embrace all the large green or pink aphids found upon the rose. Just how many of these there may prove to be when the sub- ject has been entirely covered it is still too soon to say. It is certain, however, that there are at least three species of the genus Macrosiphum common on the rose in Maine and that each of these has two distinct color varieties, one pink and Olle Sheen. 5 Of these M. rosae proper is not known to migrate and it does maintain a continuous residence upon the rose. This cir- cumstance would not preclude the possibility that it has a sec- ondary food plant which is used as a summer resort for it 1s not uncommon for a species with a definite spring and fall mi- gration to and from the summer food plant to continue also to colonize its primary food plant (that upon which the overwin- tering egg is placed) during the summer months. The second of the pink and green rose aphids, Macrosi- phum solantfolu, also deposits its eggs upon the rose in the fall where it may be found in heavy colonies during the spring and early summer, when it migrates for the most part to a great variety of summer plants, though it may, besides, keep up its connection with the rose during the summer. In Maine, and in perhaps most other parts of the United States, this species works greater havoc in potato fields than on other vegetation. The heavy infestation of the potato may be encouraged by the well nigh universal abundance of these plants putting forth their most succulent growth at the time M. solanifoli migrates from the rose; and its threat against this crop is evidently a *Papers from the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station: Ento- mology No. 102. 1 206 Maine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Station. 1919. two-fold one,—the direct damage due to its feeding habits, and its indirect but possibly even more serious harm of serving as a carrier of potato disease.* As there are, at present, no items concerning M. rosae in Maine which are different from those available in publications from other sources; and as M. solanifolit has already appeared in several bulletins of this Station, the present account will con- cern chiefly the third pink and green aphid of the rose which is here described as a new species though it may prove to have an old world name when its geographical distribution and food plants are better known. MACROSIPHUM PSEUDOROSAE N. SP. Alate viviparous female: General color polished rose red or green. Beak short and stout. Antennae black, so heavily pigmented that it is difficult to prepare a mount which shows the distribution of the sensoria; II] with 14 more or fewer sen- soria in a row extending usually about five-sixths its length; IV without sensoria; the relative lengths of segments III to VI may be indicated; 13, 11, 8, 2+13. Fore wing with veins slender and about uniform. Second joint of Ist tarsus exclud- ing claw about three-fourths length of base of VI. Cornicle deep black, usually not much shorter than III or anal vein of fore wing, though considerable variation is possible, and reticu- lated for about one-fifth its length. Cauda yellowish. Apterous viviparous female: General color same as in the alate female, both color varieties being common. Antenna with single row of sensoria extending about half the length of III, sometimes farther. (See also remarks on reared individuals p. 208). . Descriptions of both of the foregoing are from wild rose ' material collected July 19, 1918 by Mr. George Blodget. Co- type slides in the collection of the Maine Agricultural, Experi- ment Station, 173-18 and 176-18. *Investigations on the Mosaic Disease of the Irish Potato by E. S. Schultz, Donald Folsom, F. Merrill Hilderbrandt and Lon A. Hawkins. Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. XVII, No. 6. Washington, D. Coy Septarlo dl O19: ; ApuHip Foop PLANT CATALOGUE. 207 My attention was first directed to this species by a collec- tion made by Mr. George L. Blodget from golden ragwort (Senecio aureus L.) July 3, 1918. This material was mixed with Macrosiphum solanifoli. from which it was easily sepa- rated by its black antenna and cornicle. A second search in the same locality revealed the fact that both these species were also present on the numerous wild roses on the bank of the Penob- scot very near the ragwort. Of course the next step was obvious and preparations were made for transfer tests from wild rose to ragwort. The potted plants of ragwort were slow in getting a start and only the rosettes of basal leaves remained fresh for the duration of the test. By July 24, these plants seemed in safe condition to use- and on that date two viviparous females of the pink color vari- ety were removed from wild rose and caged on the ragwort. One. was apterous and the other alate, and both were somewhat restless during the first day, a condition accounted for, perhaps, by the fact that the new food plant was making less succulent growth than the rose they had been feeding upon. July 26, both aphids were feeding head down and both producing young. Ten nymphs present and all were feeding. August 2, both aphids were still feeding and producing young, 30 nymphs being present. Their manner was to colonize one leaf and then move to freshly growing uninfested leaf or to a separate plant. The apterous female was removed to avoid overstocking the caged ragwort. August 9, several apterous viviparous females matured and were removed. August 13, several more mature apterous viviparous fe- males were removed. September 12, the first alate viviparous female and several mature apterous ones were removed and, due to the condition of caged plant, the test was discontinued. The point at issue, however, has been established. Cap- tives of Macrosiphum pseudorosae were capable of living upon ragwort and their progeny matured upon the secondary host plant. There seems no reason to question the conclusion that the ragwort material first taken in July had had its origin in migrants from the rose as was the case with Macrosiphum solan- etree. | 208 MatNe AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, ifolu. And, as with Macrosiphum solanifolii, the migration of Macrosiphum pseudorosae was not entirely complete for strag- glers remained upon the rose during the summer with both these species. All of the reared cage individuals were of the rose pink color variety as, it will be remembered, were the two females from which they were descended. Plans were made for continuing observations earlier in the season during 1919 and a report upon this interesting aphid was delayed with that in mind. But, although the same locality was well patrolled this spring and summer not a single specimen of Macrosiphum pseudorosae was found. It seems better, therefore, to publish what has been ascertained with a view to throwing open the situation for comparison in other parts of the country. It would not be surprising if the name pseudorosae should fall as a synonym to rosaeiformis Das, but material is not avail- able for comparison and it is too far a cry from Maine to India to risk on the slight acquaintance we have either with the rose —ragwort species here or the “Punjab Rose Aphid’ described by Das. A full list of the food plants in India and America may give a clue leading both aphids to some older name. The same insect or one very closely allied is found in Maine upon Geum and Cinquefoil (Potentilla) of the rose family and upon certain other members of the Composite Family besides the golden rag- wort, but in no case was it definitely ascertained whether it actu- ally was Macrosiphum pseudorosae or a species closely resembl- ing it and a further acquaintance with this aphid is desirable. Macrosiphum pseudorosae 1s a variable species with refer- ence to several characters which are usually available for specific determination, such as the relative length of the cornicle with reference to antennal segment III and the number of antennal sensoria. For instance the individuals reared on Senecio from two known females removed from rose showed the following variations. The size was in all the caged individuals, smaller than their rose progenitors a circumstance which might easily be accounted for by the fact that the basal rosettes of ragwort leaves were not making succulent growth. In the apterous vivi- parous females the relative length of cornicle to III of antenna, ApHip Foop PLANT CATALOGUE. 209 about nine-tenths remained approximately constant in most cases though in one of the September individuals the cornicles were dwarfed to ten-seventeenths the length of III. In this same aphid there was but one sensorium on III as against 3 to 5 in most of the ragwort specimens and 6 to 8 in the summer host collections. The key given on pages 216-218 has proved useful in sepa- rating Macrosiphum pseudorosae from other New England members of the same genus, and is offered here on the chance that it may be of some slight service in Eastern United States, though the writer has not yet been able to construct a key to these species which would seem to be at all adequate in view of the wide range of individual variation of which these aphids are capable. SEVERAL New SPECIES The publication of the key necessitates the description of several species which have been accumulating in the collection until it is difficult to handle them any longer under manuscript names. Not enough is known about most of them to warrant giving them much space but it will serve to put them on record with reference to their food plants and possibly to link into data from other collections. MACROSIPHUM CARPINICOLENS N. SP. Apterous viviparous female: antennae, tibiae and distal two-thirds of cornicle dark; frontal tubercles very prominently produced; antennal segments, particularly III with curved im- brications closely set and with serrate edge which give a dis- tinctive character at once noticeable; III with from one to a few sensoria in row near base, setae very short and stubby; II] about two-fifths the length of hind tibia; relative lengths of antennal segments III to VI approximately indicated by 50, 45, 40, 10+65; cornicle shorter than V with the distal one-sixth reticulated ; hind tarsus about three-fifths as long as base of VI. This species collected from the leaves of blue beech—(Car- pinus caroliniana Walt.) in the vicinity of Orono during June 210 Maine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. and July, 1918, by Mr. George Blodget. The winged forms have not been found. Type in collection of Maine Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion, No. 100-18. MACROSIPHUM PTERICOLENS N. SP. Alate viviparous female: general body color fern green, points dark; both margins of frontal tubercles produced; com- parative length of antennal segments III to VI indicated by 16, 14, 12, 3-+17; III with about 50 small, distinct circular sensoria reaching the entire length of segment, IV with no sensoria; cornicle usually shorter than IV and longer than V and with the distal area of reticulation not more than one-sixth its length; cauda about one-third as long as cornicle; wings with veins slender but clear cut and definite, second branch of M rather long. This species was collected at Orono from fronds of bracken fern, Pteris aquilina, July 3, 1913 (79-13); and from lady fern, Athyrium filix-foemina (180-18). Type in the collection of Maine Agricultural Experiment Station. No. 79-113. MACROSIPHUM DIERVILLAE N. SP. Apterous viviparous female: general color milk-white with water-white cornicles. Comparative length of antennal seg- ments III to VI indicated by 60, 58, 52, 17, 90, III with one to few sensoria; hind tarsus less than one-half base of VI; cor- nicle slender with graceful constriction near tip, about the length of III and with about the distal one-ninth with faint though definite reticulations. This species was collected at Orono from wild bush honey- suckle (Diervilla lonicera Mill.) by William C. Woods July 7 and July 21, 1915 (Nos. 65-15 and 84-15). Type in collection of Maine Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion, No. 65-15. MACROSIPHUM IMPATIENSICOLENS N. SP. Alate viviparous female: general body color dark bronzy brown with black cornicles and whitish green or creamy cauda. ApHip Foop PLANT CATALOGUE. 211 Species appearing rather hairy in life,’ with little dorsal tubercles at base of hairs on abdomen in transverse rows. Coxa, femora, and ventral surface of head olive green; tibia and tip of beak black. Comparative length of antennal segments III to VI indicated by 55, 46, 43, 10-+65; III with 20 to 30 sensoria rather small and scattered, IV with no sensoria, frontal tubercles short on outer margin and a little rounded on inner margin; hind tar- sus about nine-tenths as long as base of VI; vein A of fore wing conspicuously longer than cornicle; cornicle about as long as V with distal three-eighths strongly reticulated. Apterous viviparous female: general body color and pilose tubercles as in alate female. Comparative length of antennal segments indicated by 48, 35, 34, 10+58; III with 10 to 15 sensoria on basal half of segment; cornicle about as long as V; cauda about five-sevenths the length of cornicle. Nymphs are glistening and not pulverulent or hoary. They are hairy, reddish and dark brown. This species is evidently distinct from Macrosiphum car- nosa Buckton. It was collected at Orono from stem of term- inal shoots of Impatiens biflora, August 25-27, 1915. Type in collection of Maine Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion, No. 115-15. MACROSIPHUM AMELANCHIERICOLENS N. SP. Alate viviparous female: dark bodied with black antennae, legs and cornicles, and with dusky wings. Frontal tubercles strong and divergent. Comparative length of antennal seg- ments III to VI indicated by 55, 45, 38, 10145. III with about 50 sensoria scattered over nearly its whole length. IV with no sensoria. Cornicle shorter than III and longer than IV with more than one-fifth of its length reticulated at distal part. Cauda comparatively short and rugged. The comparative length of antennal segments III to VI of the apterous female are indicated by 55, 40, 30, 10+30. III with about 40 sensoria. This apparently distinctive aphid was collected in June at Orono 1914, from Amelanchier spicata Lam. I have never seen it since. 212 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. Type in the collection of the Maine Agricultural Experi- ment Station, No. 44-14. MACROSIPHUM ONAGRAE N. SP. Alate viviparous female: general body color stem green with abdomen immaculate, thorax olive brown, cauda green sometimes dusky at tip, cornicles black, veins in both wings slender and almost black. Frontal tubercles large and strongly divergent. Relative lengths of antennal segments III to VI indicated by 60, 45, 38, 10-+70, III with about 20 sensoria in a somewhat irregular row, IV without sensoria. Anal vein of fore wing about the same length as antennal III. Cornicle about as long as IV and with its distal one-fourth or more reticulated. (153-12.) Apterous viviparous female: general body color stem green and immaculate. Relative lengths of antennal segments III to VI indicated by 55, 40, 39, 10+60. III with 5 to 8 sensoria im row. 'Cormicle’ shorter than TA but nearer Meine ye (66-10). Apterous oviparous female: relative lengths of antennal segments III to VI indicated by 45, 35, 35, 10+65, III with 4 to 8 sensoria in an uneven row. Cornicle about as long as IV. Hind tibia, at widest part, double the width of the others and excessively crowded with sensoria (119-06). This species comes near specimens of Macrosiphum gaurae Williams I have received from the west but is either distinct or the range of variability for the species is unusually great. It is the common Macrosiphum on evening primrose, Oenothera biennis L. in Maine and inhabits the stems of the flower cluster especially. This was taken first in 1905 and has been common ever since. Type in the collection of the Maine Agricultural Experi- ment Station. MACROSIPHUM PSEUDOCORYLI N. SP. Alate viviparous female: general body color green with chestnut brown thorax and dusky antenna and cornicle. Frontal tubercles large. Comparative length of antennal segments III by 5 : 2 Apum Foop PLant CATALOGUE. : 213 to VI indicated by 55, 55, 53, 14-+85, TIL with about 17 sensoria in an even row. Hind tibia less than one-half as long as base of VI. Cornicle much shorter than V and with distal one- fourth reticulated. Anal vein of fore wing not much, if any, longer than V and about half as long as the vein Cu. (104-18). Apterous viviparous female: general body color green. Comparative length of antennal segments III to V1 indicated by 65, 45, 45, 13-+75, II with about three sensoria. Cornicle about as long as III and with distal one-tenth reticulated. (104- 18). This species was collected from ironwood (Osirya virgim- ana (Mill) ) at Orono, June 28, 1918 by Mr. George Blodget. Type in collection of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, No. 104-18. Apparently the same species was col- lected from hazel bush (Corylus rostrata Ait.) May 29, 1918. MACROSIPHUM PSEUDODIRHODUM N. SP. Apterous viviparous female: general body color green or pale yellowish white. Frontal tubercles strong, the inner edge being almost as long as that of I. Relative lengths of antennal segments III to VI indicated by 60, 50, 45, 10-+85, III with about 20 sensoria, a few more or less being common, the num- ber being very variable. Cornicle about half the length cf 30, slender, pale and distal tip for a short distance with indefinite curved imbrications with serrate edges. This species does not seem to have been previously dis- cribed for the rose. It is gregarious on terminal shoot, buds and tender leaves. Apterous females have been collected at Orono, April 12, 1910 on greenhouse roses and July 13, 1915 on wild rose on the bank of the Penobscot. Type in collection of Maine Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion, No. 78-15. MACROSIPHUM GRAVICORNIS N. SP. Alate viviparous female: general body color varnished green with no conspicuous markings, antennae, legs and cor- nicles black, cauda pale green, head and thoracic lobes pale. brown, wing veins dark but clear cut. Frontal tubercles. 214 Marine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. strongly produced on both sides. Relative length of antennal segments III to VI indicated by 70, 40, 40, 12-++65, III with about 80 tuberculate sensoria. IV with no sensoria. IV to VI slender. Cornicle about one-fourth longer than IV, with about two-fifths its length with distal polygonal reticulations. Vein A of fore wing about the length of cornicle. Cu nearly twice as long. Apterous viviparous female: general body color as with the alate female. Relative length of antennal segments III to VI indicated by 65, 40, 40, 12+60, III with about 4o tuberculate sensoria. IV with no sensoria. Cornicle about as in alate female. | Apterous oviparous female: relative length of antennal segments III to VI indicated by 57, 31, 31, 11-+58, III with about 40 tuberculate sensoria. Hind tibia somewhat spindle shaped and set with sensoria. This species was collected at Houlton, Maine on Solidago September 10, 1907 when alate and apterous viviparous females and apterous oviparous females were present. Both viviparous forms were collected, also on Solidago, at Orono, July 9, 1912. . Type in collection of Maine Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion. MACROSIPHUM EUPATORICOLENS N. SP. Alate viviparous female: general body color deep rose red not like the red of most species inhabiting the Compositae, more like the red of rosae but darker. Relative length of antennal segments III to VI indicated by 60, 53, 50, 11-++65, III with about 20 to 30 sensoria circular but not at all uniform as to size. IV without sensoria. Cornicle as long'as III, sometimes longer, with distal one-third reticulate. Apterous viviparous female: general body color as in the alate female. Relative length of antennal segments III to VI indicated by 55, 46, 39, 11-+55, III with 8 to 12 sensoria some- what bunched on basal half. This is a common species on Joe-Pye weed, Eupatorium purpureum L. Type (230-18) collected July 27, 1918 by Mr. George Blodget at Orono. S59 ApHip Foop PLANT CATALOGUE. 215 “Intermediates” are frequent in the collections of this aphid, which except for their wing stubs partake chiefly of the characters of the alate female. MACROSIPHUM LANCEOLATUM N. SP. Alate viviparous female: general body color dark reddish brown, cauda yellowish white, cornicle black. Frontal tubercles strong. Comparative length of antennal segments III to VI indicated by 45, 38, 35, 10-55. III with about 30 sensoria scat- tered along whole length. IV with no sensoria. Cornicle about as long as IV and shorter than beak. III is shorter than vein A of front wing. Reticulation of cornicle covering about dis- tal two-sevenths. Apterous viviparous female: general color as in the alate form. III with about 20 sensoria. Hairs of the head spatulate at tip. Cornicle shorter than beak. This aphid is sometimes taken on goldenrod, Solidago lan- ceolata L. The antennae seem particularly brittle and are fre- quently knocked off at distal tip of III. The wings are often sport-veined, M frequently being but once branched although when branched twice the second branch is not especially near wing margin. Mr. Pergande saw Maine material of this species about fourteen years ago and stated that it was unnamed. The writer has not succeeded in linking it with known species and so describes it as new. The paratype material (43-05 and 86-09) is in the collec- tion of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station. 216 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Station. 1919, KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF MACROSIPHUM.* 1. Species developing on Compositae either ex- clusively or for a part of the life cycle........ 29 Species not developing exclusively on Com- POSTLAC KA UH ria cedar ehata ucdoay masse Sselos ao uO bint 2 2. Apex of cornicle with distinct reticulated area COR SRS OLCOTT) Bier RN east rye a are WL Eee 3 Apex of cornicle inbricated (e. g. pisi) or in- differently characterized (e. g. pelargonti)..... 22 3. Apterous female with -III closely imbricated throughout. Setae of III very short and Stu Dir see yeas ersten, dam eesam alia rare hie etsy cn RN gel carpinicolens Apterous female not exceptional in foregoing TES CL eS Loe keane rb GAN eats yaa ne tava) Batata pe 4 Species known only for Orchidaceae............ luteum 4. Apterous female with base of VI nearer 3 times length of II than 2% times length of II and base of VI more than 2 times length Oumalkiterd RetATSt Siew ei te esas n eee re pe ea iaeaieEe tas 5 Apterous female with base of VI nearer 2% times length of II than 3 times length of II (or if not then base of VI not more than 2 times length) of hind” tarsus). s5.- ee “iesvaieae® 6 5. Cornicle with distal half having strong imbri- cations’ extending to area of reticulation...... ptericolens Cornicle without strong imbrications leading tOMAneal }i+ | MAINA, = WWo, wo Ww Oo —1326.5 +1080.7 + 228.2 + 231.7 —4529.3 — 464.5 Net Change in Fat Sr Go 8 feese ll ieeaete it | el = SSRRRSRSSSE IN | SSESRBONa Sree! PRLSRRBBRNSS | aeteteteth || [sea I & AnrmaL Huspanpry INVESTIGATIONS IN 1919. 259 Table Showing Transmitting Qualwties of Certain Guernsey Sires to Ther Sons—Concluded. ; 7 | Registry No. Net | Net | Net No. Name of Sire and Sons No. of Change | Change | Change | Pairs | in Milk in % | in Fat | 37 |Skeezicks 9979 9 — 217.0) —0.169| — 29.04 Increase 12459 3 —1215.3 | +0.873; — 34.70 Yeksa’s Unique 13123 3 —1364.3| +0.027, — 76.60 | Mean —1289.8; +0.200| — 55.65 38 Penwyn 2d 7559 5 + 279.8 —0.202) — 1.32 Knight of Gold 10836 4 — 992.5 +0.290| — 24.12 Penwyn of Rosendale 11282 8 —1274.3 —0.283| — 98.10 Mean —1133.4 | +0.003; — 61.11 39 |Count Lonan 3516 2 | —2020.0; —0.150) —158.40 Aeneas 5853 | 5 +1159.2 —0.604| \+ 4.34 Wolfram 5640 | 4 —3929.2 —0.002) \—219.07 Mean —1385.0 —0.303) —107.37 40 |Imp. Sequel’s Monogram 15649 6 +2578.0| . —0.641) + 59.55 Imp. Sequel’s Champion 16919 2 — 520.0} —0.595| — 92.95 Imp. Clara’s Sequel 29414 2 —3436.5 +0.035| —150.75 Mean | | —1978.3 —0.280| —121.85 | This table shows that, of the bulls having two or more sons tested by their progeny performance test, 25 have increased the butter-fat of their sons’ daughters over what the dams of these daughters produced. Fifteen of the sires lowered the butter- fat production of their sons’ daughters as compared with the dams of their sons’ daughters. Of the sires whose sons raised the butter-fat production of their daughters, Glenwood’s Combination 8927 proved the best with 142.78 pounds of butter-fat as the mean increase of his sons. A fairly close second to this sire was France’s Masher 2d 7248. His sons raised the butter-fat of their daughters 107.66 pounds over that of the dams of these daughters. For those sires with more than two sons Dolly Dimple’s May King of Langwater progeny performance made the best showing. The sons in this case were Ne Plus Ultra, Langwater Dictator and Langwater Demonstrator. Glenwood’s Boy of Haddon had 9 sons under test. This sire’s sons increase the butter-fat of their daughters over that of their dams 52.45 pounds. The same caution should be given for the use of this table that was expressed in last year’s report. It should always be remembered that this table takes no cognizance of the absolute milk production of the dams; it only concerns itself with the question of whether the dam’s record was higher than that of 260 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Station. 1919. the daughters in determining the merits of a sire. The bull at service in a herd of high producing dams would consequently be more likely to lower the milk production of his daughters than a bull at service in a herd of low producing dams . It is true however that the man who owned the high producing herd would probably be wise to get rid of the bull failing to maintain this herd’s production in its datighters. THe VARIATION OF THE MILK oF AYRSHIRE COWS IN QUANTITY AND Fat ContTeNT oF THEIR MILK. As previously pointed out the study of existing milk records has been actively pushed. These studies on Scottish Ayrshires include a study of the relation which exists between age and milk yield and age and butter-fat percentage. It was found that in these Ayrshire cattle the absolute amount of milk pro- duced per unit of time increases with the age of the cow until a maximum is reached, but the amount of increase diminishes each year with advancing age until the absolute maximum of production is reached. After the time of maximum productiv- ity the absolute production per unit of time decreases with ad- vancing age, and by a continually increasing amount. The butter-fat percentage was found to decrease regularly from two years to ten years. From ten years on the rate of decline was somewhat less than it was from two to ten years. The variability of the mixed milk of a large herd was com- pared with that of the individual milk yield of the Ayrshire. It was found that the variation of the mixed milk was 9 whereas the variability was 17 to 25 when individuality of the Ayrshire cows was at play. These figures as they stand suggest that roughly about one-half of the variation (measured by the coef- ficients of variation) in milk yield results from the varying in- herited constitution for milk production of the animals in re- spect of this character, and the other half results from the varying external circumstances to which cows are subjected during lactation and which have an effect upon the flow of milk. Or, to put the matter in another way, if the conclusion just stated were true it would mean that if a large number of cows were placed in environmental circumstances which were at once ideal and uniform we should expect the variation ex- ANIMAL HUSBANDRY INVESTIGATIONS IN 1919. 261 hibited in milk production to be roughly about one-half of that which we actually find when we measure this variation under ordinary circumstances. In the case of fat content of milk, individuality has clearly much more to do with determining variation. Here the effect of the environment is extremely small. Tue Accuracy wiTH WHicH THE MILK PRODUCTION oR BuUT- TER-FAT PERCENTAGE OF ONE LACTATION DescriBes MILK PRODUCTION OR BuUTTER-FAT PERCENTAGE OF SUB- SEQUENT LACTATIONS. The dairyman often asks this question as he looks over the lactation record of one of his caws, will it pay to keep this cow for another year? Such a question involves three questions; (1) what amount of milk did the cow produce in the lactation above referred to; (2) what was the cost of maintaining the cow; (3) what reliance may be placed on the milk yields of one lactation as a measure of the milk yield of a subsequent lac- tation. The first and second of these questions are those which the dairyman can answer for each and every cow in his herd by keeping a record of the cost and return on each cow. A good deal of uncertainty appears to exist as to how far one lactation is a measure of the milking capacity of future lactations. Dur- ing the past year extensive records on a pure bred herd of Jer- sey cattle have been analyzed to determine this point. The records included 88 cows which had completed five lactation periods between the ages of 2 years and 8 years. Each record was for the first eight months of the lactation period. In each of these records the level of. each cow’s record in the first lactation was determined in relation to the level in the total milk production for the first five lactation periods. It was found that the relative rate of milk production remained very nearly the same for the total milk produced by a cow in her first five lactation periods as it did in her first lactation. That is, if the heifer was a high producer in her first lactation she ‘also was a high producer in the total production of her first 262 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. five lactations. If she was a medium producer she was only a medium producer in these lactations. If she was a poor pro- ducer in the first lactation she was also a poor producer in all five lactations. Relatively the cows stayed very close to the plane of production established by their first lactation for the total of the other lactations. The correlations measuring these relations are given in table 2. TABLE 2. Correlation Coefficient for the Milk Yield (8 Months of Lacta- tion) of.a Lactation of a Given Age and the Milk Yteld for the First Five Lactations of the Cow's Life. H 4 | Correlation Coeffi- cient for Lactation Age when Lactation\Mean Milk Yield for/Standard Deviation|Records and the first Commenced | that Lactation | of Milk Yield |five Lactation’s To- | 4 tal Yield | x 2 years to 3 years 4159.1-++ 57.8 | 803.2-++ 40.8 +0.742--.032 3 years to 4 years 4840.9+ 86.1 | 1197.9 60.9 842.021 4 years to 5 years 5380.7-E 78.8 1096.2+ 55.7 .861-+-.019 5 years to 6 years | 5568.2+ 87.1 | 1211.2+ 61.6 .825-+.023 6 years to 7 years 5681.8-++ 91.4 1270.7-+ 64.6 .821+.023 Total of first five 25613 .6-£835.9 4672.0-+237.5 lactations From this table a simple arithmetrical equation can be found to predict the lactation of the five lactations from the lactation of any age. These equations are: Five year total lactation yield=7671.9+4.31x two year lactation yield. Five year total lactation yield—=9719.5+3.28x three year lactation yield. Five year total lactation yield=5861.4+3.67x four year lactation yield. Five year total lactation yield—=7893.54-3.18x five year lactation yield. Five year total lactation yield=8471.9+3.02x six year lactation yield. These results may best be put in tabular form for ease in reference. In the table that follows the two year old lactation record is chosen because it represents the most frequent record in normal dairy practice. ANIMAL HusBANDRY INVESTIGATIONS IN 1919. 263 ADANIBIEID She Actual Milk Production of Two Year Old Cows (S Months of Lactation) and the Expected. Five Lactation Yield. Actual Milk Production Expected Five Lactation Yield 1875 to 1625 14143 1625 to 1875 15221 1875 to 2125 16300 2125 to 2375 17378 2375 to 2625 18457 2625 to 2875 : 19535 2875 to 3125 20614 3125 to 3375 21692 3375 to 3625 22770 3625 to 8875 23849 38875 to 4125 24927 4125 to 4375 26006 4375 to 4625 27084 4625 to 4875 28163 4875 to 5125 29241 5125 to 53875 30820 5375 to 5625 31398 5625 to 5875 32477 5875 to 6125 33555: 6125 to 6375 34634 6375 to 6625 35712 Similar information to that given above for milk production has been analyzed and the results made available for the per- centage of butter-fat. The records for analyses were the same as those used for the milk yield just given. The relation which exists between the average butter-fat percentage of the first five lactations and the butter-fat percentage of the individual lacta- tions is given in the table 4. This table has the same arrange- ment as table 3. TABLE 4. Correlation Coefficients for the Butter-fat Percentage of a Lac- tation at a Given Age and the Butter-fat Percentage for the First Five Lactations of a Cow’s Life. \Correlation Coeffi- lecient for Individual Age when Lactation|Mean Milk Yield for|\Standard Deviation Lactation Records Commenced | that Lactation of Milk Yield (and the first five Lactation’s Total | Yield 2 years to 3 years 5.25-+.04 0.49--.03 +0.797+.026 3 years to 4 years 5.238-++.04 49-+.03 .836-+.022 4 years to 5 years 5.29-+.04 -50-.03 | .862-++.018 5 years to 6 years 5.23-+.03 46.02 | .857-+.019 6 years to 7 years 5.18-++.03 .438-+.02 -784+.028 Five lactation but- 5.22-+.03 40-+.02 ter-fat percentage 264 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. From these results the equations for the prediction of the average butter-fat percentage of the five lactations have been found. These are given below. Average butter-fat percentage for five lactation yield—=1.819+.648x 1st lactation Average butter-fat percentage for five lactation yield—=1.621+.688x 2nd lactation Average butter-fat percentage for five lactation yield=1.591+.685x 3rd lactation Average butter-fat percentage for five lactation yield=1.349+.740x 4th lactation Average butter-fat percentage for five lactation yield—=1.406+.736x 5th lactation The solution of the first equation has been made of the butter-fat percentage at two years to determine the expected butter-fat percentage for the five lactation Seles. These re- sults are given in table 5. : TUE BILE, Sb Actual Butter-fat Percentages of Two Year Old Cows and the Expected Five Lactation Butter-fat Percentage. Actual Two Year Butter-Fat Expected Butter-Fat Percentage : for Percentage the First Five Lactations 3.75—3.85 4,281 3.85—3.95 4.346 3.95—4.05 4.411 4.05—4,.15 4.476 { 4.15—4.25 4.541 4.25—4.35 4.605 4.35—4.45 4.670 4.45—4.55 4.735 4.55—4.65 4.800 4.65—4.75 4.865 4.75—4.85 4.929 4.85—4.95 4.994 4.95—5.05 5.059 5.05—5.15 5.124 5.15—5.25 5.189 5.25—5.35 5.253 5.85—5.45 5.318 5.45—5.55 5.883 5.55—5.65 5.448 5.65—5.75 5.513 5.75—5.85 5.577 5.85—5.95 5.642 5.95—6.05 5.707 6.05—6.15 5.772 6.15—6.25 5.837 6.25—6.35 5.901 6.35—6.45 5.966 6.45—6.55 6.031 6.55—6.65 6.096 6.65—6.75 6.161 6.75—6.85 : 6.225 6.85—6.95 6.290 6.95—7.05 6.355 ANIMAL HusBANbDRY INVESTIGATIONS IN 1919. 265 From these data it is possible to determine the expected butter-fat of the first five lactations. First determine the ex- pected milk yield and the expected butter-fat percentage of the first five lactations. The product of these two constants will, of course, give the expected butter-fat. The results above given are, of course, only strictly applic- able to the Jersey and related breeds. They are further only applicable to these breeds when the average milk production and butter-fat percentage for the first eight months of lactation equal or nearly equal the averages given in tables 2 and 4 for the years under consideration. THE TRANSMITTING QUALITIES OF JERSEY SIRES FOR MILK YIELD, BUTTER-FAT PERCENTAGE AND BUTTER-FAT. A bulletin to be published shortly gives the detailed infor- mation pertaining to this subject. These results may briefly be summarized as follows. The objective of this study is a “Pro- geny Performance” analysis of the American Jersey Registry of Merit Sires, to ascertain the nature of their transmitting qualities for milk production, butter-fat percentage and butter- fat. Two hundred and twenty-five sires meet the requirements of this test. One thousand eighty-one Registry of Merit daugh- ters with their 810 test dams are included in these data. The milk production, butter-fat percentage and butter-fat of these daughters in relation to that of their dams was studied first as a whole and second to determine the transmitting quali- ties of their sires individually. It was found that taking the daughters as a whole the average corrected milk production was 9547.6+44.7; the dam’s milk production as a whole was 9391.9 =-51.5. Lhe difference in favor of the daughters was conse- quently 155.7+68.2. This difference is certainly not significant. The daughters’ average butter-fat percentage was 5.558.011 and their dams was 5.625.013. The difference is therefore against the daughters 0.067+.017 or the difference is 3.9 times the probable error. These facts lead to the conclusions that the mean milk production of the daughters of Registry of Merit cows does not differ from that of their dams in milk production and that to a small degree these same daughters are slightly lower in butter-fat percentage than are the dams from which they came. 3 266 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. The populations of the daughters’ milk production and butter-fat percentage were divided into four equal divisions as to numbers contained therein. The same was done for the dam’s population of milk production and butter-fat percentage. These parts were designated A the highest milk production or butter-fat percentage as the case may be, B the next highest, C the next lowest, and D the lowest. The relative milk produc- tion or butter-fat percentage of each daughter-dam pair has been determined in this manner. The position of the dam is placed first and the position of the daughter second. Thus a record AB for milk production states that the dam’s milk pro- duction was above 10403 pounds and the daughter’s milk pro- duction between 9312 and 10780 pounds. With these preliminary facts in mind the data may be giv- en on the individual transmitting power of the sires. There are 224 Jersey Registry of Merit sires which meet the require- ments of this performance test for their transmitting qualities in milk production. One hundred and five of these sires or less than one-half raise the milk production of their daughters over that of the dams of these daughters. The largest number of daughter-dam pairs is 39 for the sire Hood Farm Pogis goth, 55552. Of those sires which have a large number of pairs Hood Farm Torono, 60326 with 34 pairs stands first in his transmitting qualities raising the milk production of his daugh- ters on the average 26201 pounds. The relative milk produc- tions of his daughter-dam pairs on a percentage basis are 26 AA—3 AB —9 BA —3 BC —32 CA —g9 CB —g9 DA —3 DB —3 DC. Described in words, this bull was bred to 26 per cent of the highest group of milking cows and produced 26 per cent of the highest group of milk daughters; bred to 3 per cent of the highest group of milking cows he produced 3 per cent of the second highest group of daughters, etc. The next sire with a good number of daughters was Sperm- field Owl. This bull with 26 daughter-dam pairs raised the milk production of these daughters on the average 1695.7 pounds. The relative milk productions of his daughter-dam pairs on a percentage basis are 12 AA—4 AB+4 AC+23 BA +12 BB+4a BC+8 CA+8 CB+4 CD+12 DA+4 DB+8 DD. Among the other sires standing well up in the lists might be mentioned Queen’s Raleigh, 88232; Sans Aloi 81012; Ter- ANIMAL HusBANDRY INVESTIGATIONS IN 1919, 267 nisia’s Interested Prince 71698;. The Plymouth Lad 89792; and Chief Engineer 47148. Two hundred and twenty-five sires are included in the sires which met the requirements of the daughter-dam_per- formance test for transmitting qualities of butter-fat percent- age. Out of this number 101 sires raised the butter-fat per- centage of their daughters’ milk as compared with the butter- fat percentage of the dams of these daughters. The leading sire in this butter-fat percentage performance test was Clear Brook Chief 74685 raising his daughter on the average 1.338 per cent of butter-fat. This sire had two daugh- ter-dam pairs. The dams were both in the lowest group for butter-fat percentage (class D) and this sire raised his daughter from these dams to the highest group (class A). Among the sires with a fair number of daughter-dam pairs which raised the butter-fat percentage to a marked degree might be mentioned Irene’s King Pogis 73182; Merry Maiden’s Grandson 71003; Pogis -75th of Hood Farm 94501; Jacob’s EKmanon 84177; and Golden Fern’s Son 78687. Hood Farm Pogis oth leads in number of daughter-dam pairs with 42. This bull raised the butter-fat percentage of his daughter on the average of 0.243 per cent over the butter- fat percentage of the dams of their daughters. The sires mentioned as superior in the milk transmitting ability, Hood Farm Torono and Spermfield Owl, do not check up so well in their ability to transmit high butter-fat percent- age. Hood Farm Torono caused his daughter on the average to be 0.225 per cent of butter-fat below what the dams of these daughters produced. Spermfield Owl only raised his daughters on the average 0.027 per cent of butter-fat over what the dams of these daughters produced. There are 224 sires of known transmitting ability for net butter-fat given. Of this number only 99 sires raise the butter- fat production of their daughters over that of their dams. The sires which raised the production of their daughters’ butter- fat most were Sans Aloi 81012, Signal’s Successor 72758, and Golden Glow Chief 61460. The sires which made the deepest impression on the breed by raising the butter-fat of the largest number of daughters over that of their dams was Hood Farm Torono with 34 pairs and an average increase for each daugh- 268 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. ter of 121.51 pounds. The next bvil, Spermfield Owl, with 26 pairs raised the butter-fat production 97.71 pounds on the average for each of his daughters. Some of the bulls lowering the production of their daughters markly were Gertie’s Son of Washington 83799, Hood Farm S. TVormentor 96311, and Oxford Lad’s Owl 75599. The information summarized above was arranged to re- veal the transmitting qualities for milk production, butter-fat percentage and butter-fat of Jersey sires to their sons. There were in this table 159 sires which had sons whose progeny per- formance was known. Of this number 69 or significantly less than half had sons who raised the butter-fat production of their daughters over that of their dams. Among these sires who had sons of merit Signal’s Crown Prince 61621 and Chief En- gineer 47148 are the leaders. Among those sires whose sons lowered the butter-fat productions of their daughters may be mentioned Merry Maiden’s Grandson gi003 and Ethleel 2d’s Jubilee 18240. The sires of superior merit are defined as those which raise the milk production and butter-fat percentage of their daughters as compared with that of their dams. The inferior sires are defined as those sires who lower the milk production and but- ter-fat percentage of their daughters as compared with the same variables in their dams. The superior sires so defined are arranged by the amount of butter-fat that they increase the production of their daughters over that of their dams. The inferior sires are classified according to the amount of butter- fat that they decrease the production of their daughters in comparison with that of their dams. These two groups of sires are subjected to four generation pedigree analysis to de- termine their inbreeding and relationship, the amount of Island and American ‘stock,; “males, and) females? (and ompther simess side of the pedigree and on the dam’s side of the pedigree,” and the individual animals most frequently repeated in the two groups of pedigrees. There are 28 sires in the group of sires superior in their transmitting qualities for milk production and butter-fat per- centage. In the group of sires inferior in their transmitting ability for these two characters there are 47 sires, a ratio of I to 1.7. Such a difference speaks for itself. It emphasizes with ANIMAL HusBANDRY INVESTIGATIONS IN 1919, 269 startling clearness the need of exact knowledge of the trans- mitting qualities of bulls to be bred as sires and of the necessity for exact knowledge of the inheritance of milk production and butter-fat percentage. The inbreeding coefficients show that the sires of superior merit are 7.08 per cent of the greatest possible inbreeding up to the fifth generation. The inferior sires are inbred 9.65 per cent of the greatest possible amount (continued brother and _ sister mating). The group of sires poorer in their transmitting qualities are consequently more inbred than the group of sires with superior transmitting qualities. The analysis of the pedigrees for the amount of relation- ship that may exist between the sires and dams of the individual bulls in the superior group and in the inferior group shows that there is little or no difference in the amount of this rela- tionship within the two groups. The resolution of the four generation pedigree into the Island bred Jerseys and by difference American bred Jerseys showed the mean number of Island males in the pedigrees of the superior sires group to be 8.07 and the mean number of females 7.79. The mean number of Island bred males in the inferior sires group were shown to be 6.94 and the mean num- ber of females 6.55. The group of sires which increased the production of their daughters over that of their dams had, con- sequently, more Island bred stock in their pedigrees. The fe- males in each group of the pedigrees had a-less proportion of Island bred individuals than the males had in each of the groups. This same information on Island bred animals is revealed when classified as to whether the animals occur on the sire’s or dam’s side of the pedigree that the superior sires have by a small percentage more Island bred animals in the sire’s side of their pedigree than do the inferior sires and that the superior sires have a larger number, probably significantly larger num- ber of Island ancestors in the female side of the pedigree than do the inferior sires. The figures are 8.82 to 8.19 and 7.04 to” 5.30. The number of ancestors of Island breeding on the sire’s side of the pedigree is in both cases larger than the num- ber of Island bred ancestors on the dam’s side of the pedigrees. 270 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. These conclusions are further substantiated by a study of the proportion of Island ancestors in the great-great-grand- parents of these two groups of sires. Study of the pedigrees of these two groups of sires dis- closes the fact that all the animals which appeared in the pedi- grees of the superior sires on the male side of the pedigrees more than four times or on the female’s side of the pedigree more than three times also had appearances in the pedigrees of the sires inferior in their transmitting qualities. This fact alone makes it clear that the appearance of certain famous animals in a pedigree of a given bull is no guaranty of that particular bull’s worth. CONFORMATION AND ITS RELATION TO MiLK PRODUCING CAPACITY. Of the means for selecting dairy cows for the herd per- haps no other occupies as important a place as the conforma- tion of the cow herself. The general opinion has grown up that certain parts of the body have greater value than others as a guide to milk production. During the last year the author has analyzed 1674 records for Jersey cattle* where the score, as judged by some 140 men well known in the dairy industry, was recorded for each part of the body commonly considered an indication of milk production. On all of these cows the record for milk production was known through the Registry of Merit tests. The points considered and the relation they had to milk production are shown in table 6. Correlation coefficients for milk yield with the conforma- tion as a whole and for the various parts were determined.. The correlation coefficients ranged from —o.0697+.0165 to 0.1941 +.0160. Out of the 19 correlations only one was minus in value; 17 were more than three times their probable error. The total score had the highest correlation with milk yield. The parts of the conformation having a distinctly significant relation *It is a pleasure to acknowledge the indebtedness of the author to Mr. R. M. Gow, Secretary, American Jersey Cattle Club, in furnishing a set of these score cards for this investigation. We are most grateful for the courtesy and cooperation shown by him and the officials under him. ANIMAL HuSBANDRY INVESTIGATIONS IN 1919, TABLE 6. 271 Correlation between Conformation and Milk Yield. Milk yield Milk yield Milk yield Milk yield Milk yield Milk yield Milk yield Milk yield Milk yield Milk yield Milk yield Milk yield Milk yield Milk yield Milk yield Milk yield Milk yield Milk yield Milk yield Correlation Correlation | Ooefficient Characters Correlated Coefficient E@ir and Total score 0.1941-+.0160 12.13 and Milk veins—Large, tortuous and elastic ().1908-+.0160 11.98 and Udder—Large size and not fleshy 0.1906--.0160 il tsi and Udder—Rear udder well rounded, and well | out and up behind 9.1710-+.0161) 10.62 and Body—Wedge shape, with deep, large | paunch, legs proportionate to size and of fine quality 0.1657+.0161 10.29 and General Appearanece—Symmetrical balanc- ing of all the parts, and a proportion | of parts to each other, depending up- on size of animal, with the general | appearance of a high-class animal, with capacity for food and produc- | tiveness at pail 0.2147-+.0164) 6.99 and Body—Thighs flat and well cut out »| 0.0885-+.0164) 5.4U and Body—Rump long to tail-setting and | level from hip-bones to rump-bones 0.0862. 6165) 5.22 and Udder—Fore udder full and well rounded running well forward of front teats 0.0777.0165 4.71 and Teats—Of good and uniform length and | size, regularly and squarely placed 0.0671--.0165) 4.07 and Head—Medium size, lean; face dished; broad between eyes and narrow be- | tween horns 0.06712-.0165) 4.07 and Tail—Thin, long, with good switch, not | coarse at setting on | 0.0634--.0165) 3.84 and Udder—Broad, level or spherical, not | | deeply cut between teats | 0.0615-+.0165) 3.72 and Size—Mature cows, 800 to 1,000 pounds 0.0611--.0165 3.70 and Body—Hip-bones high and wide apart; loins broad, strong | 0.0589=+.0165| 3.57 and Neck—Thin, rather long, with clean | | throat; thin at withers 0.0499--.0165}| 3.02 and Head—Eyes full and placid; horns small | to medium, inecurving; muzzle broad, | with muscular lips; strong under jaw 9.0419--.0165) 2.54 and Body—Lung capacity, as indicated by | depth and breadth through body, just baek of fore legs 0.0222+-.0166| 1.34 and Body—Back straight to hip-bones 4,22 —0.0697£.0165) to milk production of the cow were the milk veins, size and condition of udder, the size and shape of rear udder, the shape and size of barrel and the general appearance of the cow. These correlation coefficients are on the whole quite low. In this connection it is of interest to compare the relative value of correlation coefficients with those for actual milk yields over short periods. a. The problem may be stated thus. What is the relation between the milk production of a short period (say 7 days) in a lactation and that for the whole lactation ? 272 Matne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, -b. What is the relation between the milk production of a short period and the milk production of a subsequent whole lactation of which the short period is not a part? _ In answering this question the author quotes from some unpublished data soon to be put in bulletin form. The range in values of the correlation coefficients for milk yield of the seven day test with the milk yield of the year test in another lactation is +-0.3351 to +0.8470. For the seven day test with the year test of the same lactation the range is —0.1157 to -+-0.8470. For the parts considered in determining the con- formation the range is +-0.1941 to —0.0697. The average correlation coefficient for the 7 day test of Holstein-Friesian cattle and the 365 day test of which the seven day test is a part is +0.570. The average correlation coefficient for the 7 day test and 365 day test of which the 7 day test is not a part is +0.550. In other words a seven day test is a much better measure of a cow’s ability at the pail than is the total score or any part of the cow’s conformation as judged by the average trained dairyman. ‘This general relation between the milk yields of the various length of periods has been found to hold for the other breeds. BREEDING EXPERIMENTS. The experiments in cattle breeding which have been car- ried out in cooperation with the University of Maine have pro- gressed satisfactorily this year. These experiments, as pointed out in previous reports, are definite crossbreeding experiments so planned as to furnish data on the inheritance of milk, butter- fat and butter-fat per cent. The object of this work is conse- quently not to obtain an animal which shall be a high milker with a high percentage of butter-fat but rather to determine the laws of heredity behind the transmission of these qualities. In this way and in our present knowledge in this way only can the breeding for better dairy cattle within the different breeds be intelligently accomplished. ANIMAL HusBANDRY INVESTIGATIONS IN 1919, 273 The most important results come in the second hybrid gen- eration from the pure bred parents. The breeding work of this year has been devoted largely to the production of these second generation females. To November 3, 1919, 43 such cows have been produced. Twenty-six first generation hybrids now make up the herd. ‘To make this herd complete it may be necessary to add two more animals to this number. Milk records are now being obtained on the first generation females. Fourteen of these cows are now in milk for their first lactation or have already completed this lactation. Three of the second generation cows. are now in milk. The complete list of the calves which have been born into the crossbred herd from October 15, 1918 to November 3, 1919 is shown in table 7. This list together with those of previous reports will give the crossbred animals. thus far obtained. The milk production of the first generation hybrids is of interest as it gives the first clue to the milk production which may be expected from a cow known to have a high milk pro- duction inheritance from one side and a low milk production inheritance from the other side. Of-.such a cow the question is often asked, will the milk production be like the high producer, will it be like the low producer or will it be a blend somewhere between? Figures 3 to 9 give the milk yields-of the first gen- eration crossbred, the milk yields of their dams and the milk yield corresponding to the transmitting ability of the sire. These yields are on a monthly basis. All records for the crossbreds have been corrected to the expected milk yield at an age basis of 2 years. If the crossbred daughter has lactation records at say 2 years, 3 years and 4 years the record for 3 years is corrected to the expected record at 2 years and the 4 years record to the expected record at 2 years. These three records are then summed and the average taken. This average is the record used as the milk production of the crossbred. The record for the dam is obtained in a similar manner to that of the daughter. 1919. MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 274 ABE Calves Which have been Produced in the Hybridization Experi- ments between October 15, 1918 and October 26, r9r9. Se eee EEE ————————————————— UBISIIIT Uleys[OH X snsuUy wUseplsqy snsuy Useplseqy X UBISOI-Ule4s[OH ASSUIENY) X UBISoIq-UIeIS[OH Aasiopr X snsuUy wUsepisqy snsuy wUssp1sqy X UBISIII-UlIdIsS[OH snsuy uUsepleqy xX Aosiefr UBISIIAT -UleysjoH xX AssiIor UBISOILT -UleysjoH xX AdsIOF UBISIII, -U194S -[OH-Aasiore xX UvIS -O11,J-Ule4s[OH-Assio pr Aevsureny X snsuUy wUsepleqy UBISOILT -ujeysjoH xX AodsIor aTIqsIAWy xX snsuUy uUseplsqy snsuy weeprsqy Aasuiany) X snsuy wUsepisqy Aasiop Assioge X UvIS -8].1,-U10}8[0 H]- Asso ¢ snsuy wUseepieqy Aasiop snsuy usepiseqy xX Aasior Aosiap snsuy usepleqy xX Aasior meq JO polg ch ‘ON poiqssolp 1? ‘ON poiqssoip ZL ‘ON psiqsso1p 9L ‘ON psiqssoIp tr ‘ON porqssolp 16 ‘ON posiqssolp Zp ‘ON poiqssolp IL ‘ON perqssoIp GZ ‘ON parqssolp ZG ‘ON poiqssoip I ‘ON poiqssolp 1g ‘ON poiqsso1p (T8LZ61) 9SPBIT OU0IO 66 ‘ON posiqsso1p (L4GG9618) SsISSBT S,puBlExe'T FE ‘ON poiqssolp (9ZSSSL) IPF eUTIQUAAq §s9q00q 8,Bueqyny GCL ‘ON porqssorp alL[BsoOy 13 ‘ON peiqsso19 raqunNn AI4s[Zoy pus oUlBN s,Usd UBISOLT -Ul94S[0OH X snsuy Usep1eqy snsuy ueepleqy Avsureny AQSIOL X snsuUy Usepisqy snsuy -usspleqy X UBISOI IP -Ul9}Ss[OH snsuy usapleqy x Asser A0SI0 A0SIof AQSIO£ Agsureny AosIoe xX UBISOlI-U134s[OH arysI Ay UBISOILT -UI34S]OH X snsUuy Usepleqy Agsuieny) snsuy uUssprsqy snsuy wsspisqy ial AOSI9 f° UBISOLI,J-Wl94}8[OH aIIGSIAV AOSIOp? X snsuUy Usepleqy Aosueny, X snsuy Usepileqy snsuy ueeploqy x “ay Ro) Te) So "oO OF OF OF OFOF %O xeg _ Eee nnn eS ANIMAL HusBANDRY INVESTIGATIONS IN 1919. 275 The records for the sires Taurus Creamelle Hengerveld and Lakeland’s Poet are obtained as follows. The records of all daughters of these sires from dams of their own breeding are obtained in similar manner to that described for the cross- bred females. These records showing the milk production of each daughter of a given sire are then summed and the mean taken. This mean is used as the sire’s potential transmitting ability. The measure used is consequently the progeny per- formance test for the hereditary composition of the sire for milk production. The composition for milk production transmission of the bulls, Delva’s University De Kol and Kayan, where no pure offspring are available is determined as follows. For Delva’s University De Kol, Taurus Creamelle Hengerveld’s test is used since they are bulls of the same breed. Kayan’s milk producing Capacity is taken as that of the pure bred Aberdeen Angus in the herd. Figure 27 shows the milk record on a monthly basis of Crossbred Number 1 corrected to the two year basis. This record is shown as the solid line —————,, The mating to pro- duce this crossbred was a Jersey bull, Lakeland’s Poet 102603, bred to a Holstein-Friesian cow, Pauline Posch 81048. The milk production on a monthly basis corrected to the 2 year age expectation is given as the dotted line -—--- = te expected potential milk production of the Jersey sire is given as a dot and dash line The milk production of the crossbred clearly follows that for the sire’s expectation. The milk production of the Holstein-Friesian dam follow a course much higher than does that of the crossbred daughter. The daughter may therefore be said to have only the inheritance of the low milk producing breed. In view of what follows in these curves this result is somewhat surprising. The result cannot, however, be a mistake for three reasons. The cross- bred daughter’s milk production is based on four lactations. The milk production of the Holstein-Friesian dam is based on 11 lactations. It is further interesting to note in this connection that Crossbred No. 45 now beginning her lactation, a cross using the same dam but an Aberdeen Angus sire is also milking lower than would be expected. It seems therefore in view of these facts. that there is something in this cow’s transmitting ability ‘uorjonporad [ery -us}0d sjoog s,puejsyey ———— - ———— pure uorjonpoid Ayyywou Yosog eulpneq-————— fuononpoid Ayyjuow TF poiqsso1j————_ ST SoAano 9Y} FO doULOyTUSIS oT, “(AdStof) PO S,puRpyxeT STS Joy PUL (uersolty-Ulsys]OH] ) Yosod aulyneg wep Joy JO ey} YWM uoToUNfuod UT T ‘ON poAqssory Fo uorpNpord ypu oy} SurMoys soamny “ZZ ANOO ‘UOIJDIINT JO yuopy C 8 Z 9 GS 1919. Oc ILA WW MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. (SPUnOgT) PI 276 277 ANIMAL HusBaANnpry INVESTIGATIONS IN 1919. ; ‘OIIS poiq sind —_ ——___ - —————._ pue ‘wep peiq oid ——-—-—--- { paqsso1j—— — ‘oinsy snorAcid 94} Ur jy} se outeS dt} STI SOUT] BY} FO BULFIUSIS ay], “URIS F-UloIs[OF] ‘“OTELST JOMed ASioatuy) SBApEd ets Joy pue ‘Kasutony) ‘esnoig s,epe -ued) wep Jey FO jy} YPM woHOUN[u0D UT Z “ON poesqssoig JO suoyonpord Yprut oy} SurMoYs SAIN) “BZ AIASIY UOLDIID'T JO ypvoyy 4 TES EIR! 17) Or 6 8 Z 9 g 4 Pp g i 1) oor = 100g ™ i ~ =~ 00F x 00n A i~F 009 & S 004 = > 008 ~— 278 MaAIne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. for milk production which may lead to low milk production in her daughters. This possibility will be considered further. Figure 28 shows the milk production of Crossbred No. 2 on a monthly basis. The significance of the three different lines is the same as that for figure 27. Crossbred No. 2 record is unfortunately based on only one lactation record. The record for Canada’s Creusa is based on five lactation records. The record for the sire is that of the Holstein-Friesian milk pro- duction for this herd at 2 years as previously described. The curve for the milk production of Crossbred No. 2 clearly fol- lows that of the Holstein-Friesian, or the high milk producing breed. The continuation of the lactation from the eight months on for Crossbred No. 2 would clearly follow that of the Hol- stein-Friesian parent. Unfortunately this record is not available as the cow on the tuberculosis test showed a temperature, was judged tubercular and killed. Her autopsy did not however show any lesions which were noticeable. Her record is, there- fore, insofar as it goes representative. The milk production of Crossbred No. 11 1s clearly inter- mediate between that of her dam Delva Johanna DeKol 146774 and her sire Lakeland’s Poet 102603 for the first three months of lactation. From the time on this cow follows closely the milk production of the high milking parent Delva Johanna De- Kol. The records of the crossbred cow and her pure bred dam are probably not quite representative. The crossbred record consisted of the average of two corrected records, that of the Holstein-Friesian dam consisted of the average of seven cor- rected records. Inasmuch as the crossbred cow, No. 11, had a much better corrected two year old record from the three year old lactation than she did from her two year old lactation, it probably means that her milk yield as shown in figure 30 is not quite representative of her capacities. This might well be so because she started her first lactation before her growth was anywhere near completed. In any case the answer to this hy- pothesis will come in future lactation records. As it stands at present, therefore, the only conclusion that can be drawn is that the milk production of the crossbred is lower than that of her dams for the first four months of lactation. From this point the milk production is approximately the same, that is, follows closely or equals the milk yield of her high producing parent. 279 ANIMAL HusBANDRY INVESTIGATIONS IN 1919. ‘PZZ9P1 [OYed euuRYyOoL BAJO MOD UPISdTIJ-Ulo}S]OFT 9Yy, pue CO9ZOT 220 S,purpoyey ‘[[nq Aostaf oy} o1e MOD sty} FO sjusIed OY, “BZ VINSIY IOZ yey} se owes oY} st soul] UOJIOIIpP 9214} 94} FO oUBUIUSIS oY], “sIseq AyTYJUOW e& UO ‘TT ‘ON poaqssoiy FO Uoonposd yyw oy} smoyS “6Z AUNTY OF ‘UOLIDIIVTT JO yjwow 6 es § g 4 S 0 OOo! = 00g ™- hel = O0F Ss oor ©, 2, 00S ~ 009 & a 00L & 008 1919. MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 280 "QZ 2INSY JO 9sOY} IOF yey} SB owes dy} SI Soul] JO Spury JUSIOIP oy} JO s9ueO -YIUSIS OUT, “Z8p86 PpeAtesuafy aypoweaig sniney, ‘oils UvISoTIy-Ula}s]OFT Joy pue ‘7¢eQOop wo I8o]]o9 ‘wep Aodsuren4y peiq eand Joy JO 3eY} YIM UONDeUUOD UT Z] “ON Pe2qssory oy} FO uoNonposd ypu oy} Surmoys soainy “OE AXNSIY UOLjDIIDT fO yvoyy ut & of IL OF 6 8 Z 9 _§£ (SPUNROG) PILA HILW ANIMAL HuspAnpry InvestTIGATIONS IN 1919, 281 The milk production of Crossbred’ No. 12 clearly follows that of her pure bred Holstein-Friesian parent as far as the ninth month of. lactation. The dropping of her lactation from this point on does not represent a true statement of the cow’s producing capacity for the dropping in the milk production at this time represents only an effort of the herdsman to dry the cow off for a succeeding lactation. It is entirely probable there- fore, that this cow shows the high milking capacity of her high producing parent throughout the entire lactation. The record for Crossbred No. 15 shown in figure 31 is based on the corrected records of two lactations. ‘The record for her dam is based on that for four lactations. The sire’s record is the average of four of his tested offspring. It is clear that Crossbred No. 15 is much higher in milk production than her pure bred Aberdeen Angus mother. It is not so clear al- though it is probably true that up to the sixth month of lacta- tion Crossbred No. 15 is giving less milk than would be ex- pected of her given that she was of her sire’s breeding. From the sixth month on Crossbred No. 15 gives the milk yield ex- pected of her sire’s breeding. It will be noted that the dena’ yield stops in the eighth month of lactation as the latest date at which her milk flow could be maintained. The milk flow of Crossbred No. 15 on the other hand is maintained equally well with that of the Jersey sire. The tendency to a prolonged milk flow was maintained by the Crossbred cow in accordance with the milk flow expected of Nera Sines The milk production of Crossbred No. 16 as shown by the solid curve in figure 32 is based on only one lactation record. This cow has been difficult to settle. She has in fact lost prac- tically one whole lactation due to this cause. At the present time she is in milk for her second lactation. This lactation started, however, at 4 years old with a previous rest of one year and one month. If the milk production of this first month is any indication the milk production of this lactation will be much higher relatively than the milk production of her first lactation. This Crossbred cow is the result of a mating of an Aber- deen Angus bull, Kayan 167617 on to a Jersey cow, College Ruth 4895 M.S. J: HB. The milk production of this Crossbred is clearly intermediate between the two breeds, favoring if any- 1919. MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 282 °97 OINSY JO jey} se owes oy} SI SOUI] JUSIOYIP oy} FO soUROyIUSIS OY], “TpHIZp] Woojqujiesyy ‘MOD snsuy Usspioqy ue pur ENOZOT 190d S,PULToAeT] {nq Aesiof B Us2eMjJoq SsOID B SE MOD SIT “ST ‘ON Ppesqssoig FO uUorNpoid HpIu oy} suImoys seAIny “TE AXA ‘UOLJDIIDT JO y,Uo uf Ef Ae Nop 6 8 4 g £ uf e é L Oo! 008 Ss my (SPUNOT) PIALY Y/TW 008 283 ANIMAL HusBANnbry INVESTIGATIONS IN 1919. ‘soinsy snotasid ul se JouedyIUSIS oules 94} 2ARY SeAIND oY, “GH [SN S68rh WNW eseTJoD ‘Moo Aostaf Be pure ‘7[OQ/OT UeALY snsuy Useploqy ue UsaMjoq SSOID & SI MOD SIU], ‘OT ‘ON Poesqssolg JO pyoarA Y[IwW oy} suIMOYs SsoAIND “zo ANNOIY ‘UOLPDIID'T JO yquopy 9 we or 6 g 4 008 ou} TWH (SPUn0d) PLEX WW 284 MatIne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Station. 1919. thing in the first part of the lactation the milk yield of the high breed. The rapid decline of, the. seventh and eighth months would make it seem that this cow inherited some of the tendency to a short lactation like that of her sire’s breed. The results herein presented may be summarized in two brief statements. (1) When a mating is made between strains of high milk producing ability and of low milk producing ability, the milk production is likely to fall somewhere between the two parents but will most nearly be that of the high producing parent. One exception more apparent than real may be said to occur in Crossbred No. 1 milk yield. This case, however, probably fol- lows this same law in that Pauline Posch herself may have a high milk producing inheritance from one side and a low milk producing inheritance from the other. If this is granted it is not strange that when mated to a lower milking breed, that this lower inheritance of Pauline Posch should meet the lower of the milk producing inheritance of the lower breed when bred to a calf of. lower milk yielding capacity. (2) The milk yield.of the breeds seem to occupy the following relation: The low milk yield of the Aberdeen Angus is recessive to the higher milk yield of the Jersey. The Jersey milk yield is recessive to the higher mulk yield of the Holstein- Friesian. The application of these results to the pure breeding work seems too obvious to mention. Among other things these results show why a bull from the mating of two high producing strains may be very disappointing as a transmitter of milk production. BULLETIN 284 Awe OL PAPERS, PUBLISHED .BY > THE SOND IN org BUG NOL INCLUDED IN THE BURA TINS: A complete list of all the publications issued by and from the Station in 1919 is given on pages x to xii of the introduc- tion to this Report. The following pages contain abstracts of the papers issued during the year that are not included in the Bulletins or Official Inspections for the year. VARIATION OF AYRSHIRE COWS IN THE QUANTI IVeoevND E AT CONLENT OF GEIR: MilEkK- This paper presents the results of a biometrical analysis of variation in the quantity per unit of time, and the quality, as indicated by fat percentage, of the milk of Ayrshire cows. Its. purpose is to establish normal constants for interindividual vari- ation in these characters, to serve as a base of reference in fu- ture genetic studies on milk production. The chief results of this first part of the investigation may be summarized as follows: The mean weekly yield and fat percentage of the milk change in a considerable degree and definite manner with in- creasing age of the cow. The weighted mean standard deviation and coefficient of variability for mean weekly yield of cows of any given age are 2.806 gallons and 17.081 per cent respectively. Reasons are given tending to show that these may be taken as very close approximations to true normal values. For cows of all ages. lumped together the corresponding values are 3.329 gallons and 20.816 per cent. For fat percentage the weighted mean values for cows of any given age are as follows: Mean==3.738, standard deviation. —=0.330, and coefficient of variation—8.827. *This is an abstract from a paper by Raymond Pearl and John Rice Miner having the same title and published in the Jour. Agr. Research,, Vol. XVII, No. 6, pp. 285-323. 1 286 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Station. 1919, A table is presented showing the relative variability of milk production as compared with other physiological charac- ters. The udder as a secreting organ is compared with the ovi- duct of the hen; and it is shown that the oviduct considered as a mechanism operates with somewhat less variability than does the udder, having regard to the absolute weight of the product in the two cases. Evidence is presented which indicates that about one-half of the observed variation in milk production results from the varying genotypic individuality of the animals with respect to this character and that the other half results from varying en- vironmental influences. Milk production curves, analytically considered, tend defi- nitely toward positive skewness. This is true in respect to yield and to quality. The weighted mean value of the skewness for mean weekly yield is found to be +0.1047, and that for fat percentage ++0.1338. Evidence is presented which indicates that selection can have had little if anything to do with determining the direction or the amount of skewness shown by milk production curves. The curves for milk yield tend on the whole to fall more frequently in unlimited range types, while those for fat per- centage tend more to limited range types. The estimation of range ends given by the theoretical curves are, on the whole, good. In general the tendency of milk yield curves is toward the leptokurtic condition—that is, they are more peaked than the corresponding normal curves would be. Fat percentage curves do not show any definite tendency with respect to kurkosis. Certain of the milk yield curves were dissected into two normal curves by Pearson’s method. The resulting graduation was not so good as that given by the appropriate unimodal skew frequency curve. There is no evidence that variation curves for milk production curves are biomodal. . The change in mean weekly yield of milk with advancing age is found to be represented by a logarithmic curve, and to be in accordance with a law which may be stated in this way: The absolute amount of milk produced per unit of time in- creases with the age of the cow until the maximum is reached, but-the. rate of, increase diminishes,.with advancing age until ABSTRACTS. 287 the absolute maximum of productiot is reached. After the time of maximum productivity, the absolute production per unit of time decreases with advancing age at a continually in- creasing rate. The mean fat percentage of the milk was found to decline with advancing age until the tenth year of the cow’s life is reached. From that point on, the fat percentage remains about constant through the remainder of the milking life of the cow. SHON SeIN MILK SECRETION. V. ON THE VARIA= TIONS AND CORRELATIONS OF MILK SECRE- SONS Vii NG SUN ER SEY iCAd anne The purpose of this paper is to present quantitative data, along with the biometrical analysis of the same, on the normal variations and correlations of milk production during the cow’s life. The necessity of such data and analyses is, now, well rec- ognized in physiological and genetic investigations on a quan- titative subject. The economic value of milk makes this inves- tigation have a significant relation to improvement in yield and in the selection of cows to remain within the herd. The materi- als used for this’ study are peculiarly suited to the ends in view. They are a strictly homogeneous group of milk records of normal pure bred Jersey cows maintained under the conditions of a large farm, managed by a well trained man thoroughly versed in his business. While the conclusions derived from this study are stated in general form, it is not presumed that the conclu- sions are of more generality than the data on which they are based. It is altogether probable however that the conclusions drawn do apply to most of the other dairy breeds of cattle. The conclusions of most moment may be summarily stated as in the following paragraphs. Unless otherwise stated, the conclusions apply to the pure bred Jersey herd the data for which are given in this paper. The frequency polygons for milk production are only slightly unsymmetrical. The range of variation is large, one cow producing less than 1500 pounds in her eight months’ lac- *This is an abstract from a paper by John W. Gowen having the same title and published in the Genetics, Vol. 5, No. 2. 288 Maine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, tation period, another cow producing more than 10,000 pounds for her eight months’ lactation period. The height of the modal | ordinal for the frequency polygons is greatest in the earlier and later years of the cows’ lives. Only one mode is evident in any of the histograms. From this it appears likely that these curves are unimodal curves. Too much stress should not be laid on this however since certain of the distribuitons appear quite flat topped. The analytical constants show that the eight months’ milk production curves are of the Pearson types I, Il and IV groups. The skewness of these curves is all in the positive direction and rather small in amount. This small size of the skewness is of considerable interest to those investigators who deal with ad- vanced registry data since it would indicate that these data can with but small error be fitted by normal curves to deter- mine certain of their needed constants. The correlation coefficient between age at the commence- ment of test and milk production in comparison with the cor- relation ratio for the same variables shows that the regression of milk production on age is far from linear. This regression curve when analyzed turns out to be a logarithmic function. Attention is called to the fact that this same kind of logarithmic function also describes the relation of growth to age. ‘This paralleling of the two functions may indicate that a causal re- lation exists between them such that increased milk production chiefly depends on increase in size of the mammary gland caused by growth. The standard deviations of milk production progressing from the heifer to the aged cow are described by a cubic parab- ola. This regular change of the standard deviation of milk production groups shows that the curve formed by them falls into the heteroscedastic, nomic class as defined by Pearson. Correlation tables for milk production of the different age groups are presented. The means derived from these tables of a given age remain within the limits of random sampling irrespective of the age at which the same cows were subsequently tested. The standard deviations for the various age groups also remain at the same value within the limits of sampling irre- spective of the age at which a subsequent test may be made. ABSTRACTS. 289 As would be expected from their derivation and as actu- ally checks out to be the coefficients of variation do not change within the age group for the cows which are retained in the herd for longer or shorter periods. ‘These facts show that the cows which were kept in the herd as two year olds were all equally likely to be kept in the herd until they became aged cows as far as the milk production of these two year olds was concerned. Generalizing this statement cows which were kept in the herd at any given age were all equally likely to be kept in the herd at any other age as far as the milk record of any of those cows at the given age was concerned. This point re- moves any possible objection to the accuracy of the correlations for the milk productions at the various ages at least so far as concerns the cows remaining in the herd on the basis of their milk production being high. The correlation coefficients for the milk production of one lactation with that of another lactation at another age range from +0.2144-4.0919 to +0.7306+.0284. The signs of these correlation coefficients are all plus. The numerical values are large enough to be significant. Each set of correlation coeff- cients for the milk production at a given age with the milk productions at other ages in the cow’s life do not deviate sig- nificantly from a line taking a nearly constant value for each age. The mean value for these correlation coefficients of milk production of one lactation at any age with the milk production of another lactation at another age is +0.5352. This mean value of the coefficient of correlation seems to be generally applicable to milk production for on somewhat similar data Gavin finds results which are comparable to these. These correlation coefficients are high for this kind of data as may be seen from the fact that correlation coefficients of similar nature for egg production range lower and have a lower mean +0.4458 than do these correlation coefficients for milk production. The magnitude of these correlation coefficients in compari- son to those on egg production put in terms of the physiology of the two sets of glands, mammary and ovary, that the mam- mary gland works with more mechanical precision than does the ovary. 290 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. The linearity of all the regressions is established by the calculation of the correlation ratios and their comparison with the corresponding correlation coefficient. From the means, standard deviations and correlation coef- ficients are formed the straight line equations for the prediction of the amount of milk production of any given lactation at any age from these known variables at another age. These equa- tions are tabled. Examination of these equations seems to show that most stress is laid on the milk production at two years old by the coefficients, indicating that the milk production at this age represents most accurately of all others the future possibilities of the cow. Similar analysis reveals the fact that correction of the milk records to the age about the time of maxi- mum productivity of the cow gives the nearest approach to the correct milk production for that cow. The correlation coefficients of milk production at a given age with the total milk production of two lactations are pre- sented. These correlations prove to be very high ranging from +0.7324+.0286 to +0.943+.0116. Such high values make it appear that the milk production of one lactation is the deter- mining factor for total milk production of two lactations when the given lactation is one of the components. This conclusion is confirmed by a study of a smaller series of data where the first five lactation records are known, the first commencing at two years old and the other four commenc- ing approximately at one year apart. These correlation coef- ficients for milk production of a lactation at a given age with the total milk production over the five lactations range from +0.7416+.0323 to +0.8613+.0186. Each regression is linear as is shown by a comparison of the correlation coefficients and correlation ratios. A means of measuring the effect of environmental changes on the coefficient of correlation of the milk production of a lactation at a given age with the milk production of a lactation at another age is given. This measure depends on the differ- ence in the correlation coefficients of the milk production of a given age correlated with the milk productions of several suc- cessive lactations and the correlation of the milk production of the given lactation and the total milk production of the other lactations. In the first case the environmental changes of the ABSTRACTS. 291 different lactations as they effect milk production make them- selves felt in the correlation coefficients; in the second case the use of the total milk production gives a mean of these environ- mental effects. The outcome of this study shows the environ- mental changes reduce the correlation one-seventh to one-eighth of what it would be under the conditions of an average environ- ment. This result makes it clear that for these Jerseys heredity plays a greater part in their milk production from lactation to lactation than environment. The correlation coefficients for the milk production of one lactation with that over several lactations, furnishing as it does the basis for the regression formula by which milk production over long periods may be predicted from shorter ones, is of the greatest practical importance in culling the herd of the mediocre animals. The use of these coefficients is illustrated by table. The relative contribution of the different lactation to the total milk production over a longer period shows that the fac- tors which govern milk production have their regulatory power maintained in the same relative strength throughout the life of the cow to the exclusion of any group of factors acting with- | in this life for any short period. SDS UN MILK SECRETION: Vi .ON DHE VARTA TIONS AND CORRELATIONS OF BUTTER-FAT RBERCE ND AGE WiITh AGE IN JERSEY (CAE Iie This paper has as its object the presentation of quantita- tive data along with the biometrical analysis of the same, on the normal variations and correlations of the butter-fat percentage contained in Jersey milk during the different lactations of the cow’s life. In this sense this paper is the copartner to the pre- vious paper in this series dealing with the variations of milk yield for these same Jersey cows. The data used for this study are especially suited to the objects of this investigation. They are from a strictly homogeneous group of records for the butter- fat percentage of normal, healthy, pure bred Jersey cows main- *This is an abstract from a paper by John W. Gowen having the same title and published in Genetics, Vol. 5, No. 3. 292 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, tained under the conditions of a large farm, managed by a well trained man thoroughly versed in his business. While stated in general form the conclusions are not presumed to be more gen- eral than the data on which they are based. Certain compari- sons with other data contained in the body of the paper make it seem altogether probable that to a large degree the conclusions are of general application to most of the other dairy breeds of cattle. The well recognized need for such data and analysis in physiological and genetic research and the significant relation such data have to the improvement in yield and in the selection of cows to remain within the herd have made it seem desirable to present as complete numerical data as possible. The following paragraphs briefly state the conclusions which are considered of most importance. Unless stated to the contrary, these conclusions apply to the pure bred Jersey herd the data for which are given in this paper. This investigation deals with 1713 records for the butter- fat percentage of the first eight months lactation, each cow milking at least nine months. The frequency polygons for butter-fat percentage are nearly symmetrical. One only, at the ages nine to ten years, diverges noticeably from this form. The range of variation extends from 3.65 to 6.95 percentage of but- ter-fat. The height of the modal ordinate and the shape of the polygons do not change markly with age as was the case for milk production. Only one mode is evident in any of the his- tograms. Comparatively studied the butter-fat in the milk secreted by twenty-eight breeds of cows shows that the means of these breeds form a distribution distinctly bimodal in characters. The mode of the first curve coming at about 3.7 and of the second at about 5.0 per cent of butter-fat. : Study of the standard deviation of typical members of the above groups shows a greater scatter in the butter-fat percent- ages in the group where the butter-fat concentration is high than in the group where the butter-fat concentration is low. The analytical constants show that the butter-fat percentage histograms of the eight months milk production are Pearson’s type I, III, IV and V, and normal curves. The skewness of these curves, where they are skew, is plus four times and minus twice. The skewness for each curve is small in amount. This ABSTRACTS. 293 relatively small size of the skewness has some interest to those investigators who deal with advanced registry records since within a small error normal curves may be considered to des- cribe the general population from which the truncated portion is drawn in advanced registry selection. The correlation coefficient of butter-fat percentage with age is 0.1126++.0161. The correlation ratio calculated from the same data is 0.1478+.0159. The excellent agreement between these two constants show that the regression of butter-fat per- centage on age is to all intents and purposes linear. The high- est mean butter-fat occurs in the first lactation of a cow’s life. From this high point there is a slight decline in the butter-fat percentage as age advances. Comparison of these correlations with those for the other breeds, Guernsey, Ayrshire and Holstein-Friesian leads to the following law expressing the relation between age and butter- fat percentage; each increment of time added to a cow’s life causes a slight decline in the relative amount of butter-fat which that cow can secrete into her milk. The standard deviations of butter-fat percentage decreases very slightly with advancing years. The function describing this decrease is a linear one. Correlation tables for butter-fat percentage for lactations during certain age groups are present. The mean butter-fat percentages derived from these tables remain, within the limits of random sampling, the same for any given age at test irrespective of the age at which the same cows were subsequently tested. The standard deviations of the butter-fat percentage for the various age groups remain at the same value within the limits of sampling irrespective of the age at which a subsequent test was made. The coefficients of variation for the butter-fat percentage of the various ages also remain approximately constant irrespec- tive of the age at which a subsequent test was made on the same cows. These facts show that cows kept in the herd at any given time were all equally likely to be kept in the herd at any other time so far as their eight months butter-fat percentage was con- cerned. This point removes any possible criticism of the con- 294 . MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, clusions drawn from these studies on the grou that the data was subject to selection. The correlation coefficients for the butter-fat percentage of one lactation with the butter-fat percentage of another lac- tation range from 0.2470+.0640 to. +0.6781-+.0310.. The sign of these correlation coefficients are ‘all plus. The grafts of these correlations. are approximately linear. Very little or no difference occurs in the values of the corrélations of the butter- fat percentage at a given age with the butter-fat perce for another age. : Comparison of hese correlation coefficients with those for milk production shows that the average coefficient of ‘correla- tion for the butter-fat- percentage of one lactation with that of another lactation is +0.5215 and the average correlation coeff- cient for milk production of one lactation with another lacta- tion is +0.5352. The correlations. for. milk production are higher, although not. significantly so, than those for butter-fat percentage. Such being. the case it follows that the relative accuracy in the use of one lactation record to predict the ex- pected record of, another lactation is approximately the same for the butter-fat percentage and for milk yield. | These correlation coefficients are high for data of economic importance. The mean coefficient of correlation for monthly egg production with the yearly egg production is +0.446. The range is also lower than these correlations for butter-fat per- centage. In terms of physiology this difference in the correla- tion coefficients for ovulation and butter-fat percentage means that the mechanism controlling the mammary gland has greater precision in its action than has the mechanism controlling the action of the ovary. The correlation ratios were calculated. Comparison of these correlation ratios with the correlation coefficient show all of the regressions to be linear regressions. The means, standard deviations and correlation coefficients give the necessary constants to form the straight line equations for the prediction of the butter-fat percentage of any given lac- tation at any age from these known variables at another age. The equations are given. Examination of these equations shows that the age at which the butter-fat percentage determined for the milk most nearly represents the cow’s potentialities is five ABSTRACTS. 295 years. The age to which to predict*the butter-fat percentage of the other years to arrive at the most nearly accurate result is two years. The correlation coefficients for butter-fat per- centage of a given lactation with the butter-fat percentage of two lactations of which the given lactation is one component range from +0.7048+.0343 to +0.9181-+.0090. The correlation coefficients of the butter-fat percentage of one lactation with the butter-fat percentage of the first five lac- tations range from -+0.784 to +0.862. Each regression is shown to be linear by a comparison of the correlation coeff- cients and correlation ratios. The regression equations for the prediction of the five year butter-fat percentage from the per- centage of any given year are given. The difference of the correlation coefficients for one lacta- tion’s butter-fat percentage with that of another lactation and for one lactation’s butter-fat percentage with the butter-fat per- centage over four lactations has been determined. The differ- ence of these correlation coefficients gives a means of measuring the effect of environmental changes on the butter-fat percentage of one lactation since in the first case the environmental changes of the different lactations as they effect milk production make themselves felt in the correlation coefficients and in the second case the use of the butter-fat percentage for the four lactations give a mean of these environmental effects. The upshot of this comparison showed that environmental changes lower the correlation coefficients from one-seventh to one-eighth of what it would be under the conditions of an average environment. The environmental effect on butter-fat percentage is conse- quently about the same as the environmental effect on milk pro- duction. Since the internal governing action of the cow for milk production has nearly six times the effect on controlling milk production than has the environmental changes, it follows that this internal mechanism (probably hereditary) plays great- er part in determining what these Jerseys’ butter-fat percentage will be than does the environment. The equations to predict the butter-fat percentage of the first five lactations from the butter-fat percentage of a single lactation are of great importance in culling mediocre cows from the herd. The use of these equations is illustrated. 296 MatIne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, The relative contribution of the butter-fat percentage of the different lactations to butter-fat percentage over the first five lactations is the same up to the fifth lactation. In the fifth lactation the correlation coefficients would seem to indicate a slightly less relative contribution of the higher test cows to the five lactation butter-fat percentage than is the relative contribu- tion of the lower test cows. In general, since the significance of this correlation is only slight, the conclusion can be safely drawn, that the factors which govern butter-fat percentage have their regulatory power maintained in the same relative strength throughout the life of the cow to the exclusion of any group of factors acting within this life for short periods. ON VARIATION IN TARTARY BUCKWHEAT, FAGO- PYRUM TATARICUM (L.) GAERTN.* _ The purpose of the present publication is to record the re- sults of a study on a highly variable, ever-sporting race which the writer has discovered in Fagopyrum tataricum. The race with which this paper deals originated from commercial fruits of Fagopyrum tataricum, Tartary buckwheat, also known as India wheat, which had been grown in Maine. The more important observations recorded in this paper may be summarized as follows. An ever-sporting race of Fagopyrum tataricum has been isolated and its characters studied for 5 generations under vary- ing conditions of environment. The variations here considered occur in the gynoecium, the perigone, and the vegetative organs of this race. The variations in the gynoecium are characterized by the production of supernumerary carpels. The number of carpels per pistil was found to vary from 3 up as high as 25. Under ordinary conditions of growth the number-of flowers with nor- mal gynoecia is greater than or equal to the number of flowers with abnormal gynoecia. Under conditions favoring the de- velopment of abnormal flowers the variation is bilateral, and *This is an abstract from a paper by Jacob Zinn having the same title and published in “Genetics,” Vol. 4, No. 6. ABSTRACTS. 297 can be represented by a curve the apex of which is formed by the abnormal four-carpelled flowers. The frequency of flowers with abnormal gynoecium de- creases as the number of aberrant carpels per pistil increases. Associated with the abnormal gynoecia are abnormal peri- gones with a varying number of segments ranging from the normal number 5 as high as 18. The favorable conditions cap- able of transforming the unilateral variation of the gynoecia into a bilateral one, failed to affect the perigone in the same man- ner. The variation in the number of perigone leaves remained unilateral with the frequency of the normal, five-parted peri- gone forming the apex of the skew curve. The frequency of the normal, five-parted perigone de- creases as the number of carpels per pistil increases. Floral prolifications in the form of various types of synan- thous flowers, often giving rise to syncarpous fruits, were found to be produced generation after generation in fairly constant proportions under given conditions of environment. The teratological development of the vegetative organs in the form of more or less developed fasciations was reproduced, under favorable conditions of environment, in 50 per cent of the offspirng. All the descendants of the ever-sporting race reproduce the ever-sporting type of the mother plant regardless of whether they originated from normal or abnormal fruits of the parent. The ratio between the normal and abnormal flowers was found to be a function of the environment. Under a given set of environmental conditions this ratio as well as the relationship between the different forms of the abnormal flowers inter se is constant to a very marked degree. Selection carried on for 5 years had no visible effect upon the type and range of teratological development of this race. The ever-sporting strain after isolation at once displayed the highest degree of abnormality reached in the subsequent gen- erations under similar conditions of environment. Under conditions controlling the intensity of abnormal de- velopment, optimum nutrition or starvation, while affecting the habit of the plants, appeared to have no effect upon the degree of manifestation of abnormalities. The evidence from the study of this race under different conditions of environment points 298 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, to high humidity and temperature as the factors favoring the expression of abnormality. Under unfavorable conditions of humidity and temperature, the influence of starvation and lack of water upon the degree of abnormal development was noted. The results of a study of the frequency distribution of the different types of flowers upon the plant point to the existence of a definite region on the plant in which the tendency to vary and proliferate is most pronounced. Considering the plant as a whole, this region is confined to the basal, differentiated parts of the plant. The first three branches on the main stem from below, especially the second one, mark the seat of greatest ab- normal development, while the 4th, 5th, and 6th branches show a low degree of variability as well as the lowest absolute num- ber of flowers. In the basal region of the terminal raceme the output of flowers and the range of abnormality again increases. Similar but more marked differences prevail in the individual branches of the second and third order. Here, it is again the buds in the axils of the second leaf and in the basal region of the terminal raceme that show the greatest relative number of abnormal flowers as well as the greatest range of variability as measured by the frequency occurrence of the most aberrant variants. : Relative to the frequency occurrence of the different types of flowers at different periods of the flowering season, under the prevailing conditions, the first and second week of the flowering season mark the lowest relative production of ab- normal flowers, after which a marked increase in the output of abnormalities follows when the secondary and _ tertiary branches begin to develop their flowers. Towards the end of the flowering season the upper regions of the plants produced only very few flowers while the lower differentiated parts of the plants sustained their flower production to the end of the flowering season. CONFORMATION AND ITS RELATION TO THE MILK PRODUCING, CAPACITY NW ERSEYS Guineas. This paper presents a biometrical analysis of the relation of conformation to the milk producing capacity of the Jersey *This is an abstract from a paper by John W. Gowen having the same title and published in Jour. Dairy Science, Vol. 3, No. 1. ABSTRACTS. 299 cow. Exceptional data have been made available to this Sta- tion for the solution of this problem by the courtesy of Mr. R. M. Gow. These data give the exact scores of 1674 registry of merit Jersey cows as determined by about 140 judges. The mean conformation as measured by score is given for the cow as a whole and for the parts into which it is divided. Within this group of Jersey cows the average score was 89.848 =+.073. The average Jersey cow was therefore about 10 points below the ideal Jersey cow. When this measure of the con- formation as a whole is analyzed in terms of its parts, it was found that the fore udder differed most from the ideal type. When considered in abstract terms it was. found that the most seriously defective parts of the body in the minds of the judges had to deal with the mammary system, its size and blood supply. Of those parts which dealt with the body proper the least ideal was the barrel. The variation of the different body parts is compared by means of the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation. The most variable part of the body included the eyes, horns and muzzle, the least variable the size of the body. The variability is futher compared with characters of sim- ilar nature to those of conformation save that the variability was determined on data measured or weighed accurately in English or metric units. Bone material was in general found to vary less than the scores assigned to parts of the body de- pending chiefly on variations in bone length. The amount of this difference was slight, however. The variation of the udder parts was found to be at the lower end of the range of varia- tion of other soft parts of the body. Correlation coefficients for milk yield with the conforma- tion as a whole and for the various parts were determined. The correlation coefficients ranged from —0.0697-+.0165 to +0.1941 +.0160. Out of the nineteen correlations only one was minus in value; seventeen were more than three times their probable error. The total score had the highest correlation with milk yield. The parts of the conformation having a distinctly sig- nificant relation to milk production of the cow were the milk veins, size and condition of udder, the size and shape of rear udder, the shape and size of barrel and the general appearance of the cow. 300 MatINne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. The relative merits of conformation as a guide to the milk producing capacity of a cow and a short time milk record are considered. The results show that a seven day test has a cor- relation coefficient with the year milk yield of the cow of ap- proximately 21% times that of the conformation or any part of the conformation. The short test consequently is superior to the conformation as a guide to milk production. A BIOMETRICAL, SLUDY OF CROSSING? ONO N THE MECHANISM OF CROSSING OVER IN DHE THIRD CHROMOSOME OF DROSOPHILA UB ILZUN OG AIS IIa This paper presents an analysis of the normal fluctuating variations in crossing over from the viewpoint of the theories advanced to account -for crossing over. The means, standard deviations and coefficients of variation show crossing over to be one of the most highly variable phenomena known. Conse- quently the mechanism behind crossing over works with less precision than the mechanism behind most other physiological phenomena. Resolution of the single crossing over ratios into their component elements shows that there is a significant cor- relation between crossing over of the different regions into which the chromosome is divided by the factors used. The correlation between the single and double crossing over ratios shows that a crossing over in one region is more likely to be accompanied by another simultaneous crossing over in a region 25 to 35 units away than it is to be accompanied by a simultane- ous crossing over in any other region. Thus the left hand region (1) correlated with double crossing overs including one, gave correlations, proceeding from left to right, +0.3054+.0395, +0.5170+.0319 and +0.2997+.0396. This rise and fall, to- gether with a definite mode, is held to mean that there is a model interval between two successive crossing overs. Thus the two finely spun out chromosomes, when they come together prior to crossing over, apparently twist about each other loosely and generally have the points of contact where breaking may take place about 25 to 30 units apart. *This is an abstract from a paper by John W. Gowen having the same title and published in Genetics, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 205-250. ABSTRACTS. 301 ReEBORR ON LEE Wile PINE. Wik BV Tie This paper gives a description of the White Pine Weevil, an account of its habits, the damage it causes and a discussion of control methods. The writer states: “Scientifically there seems to be no rea- son why the pine weevil should not be controlled throughout the state—or indeed throughout its range—and their numbers so reduced that a pine or spruce infested by them should be- come a rarity. There is no real reason why the “stag-horn” pine and the “buShy” pines along the roadsides and in the wood- lots and plantations should not give place to symmetrical trees growing in the way nature intended them to grow; no reason why the present unsightly, stunted trees should not be replaced by objects of real beauty and from being of no value, become the producers of the most valuable timber it is possible to grow in the state. The writer thoroughly believes that the control of the pine weevil is a practical proposition. All that is necessary is a concerted, cooperative effort by all land owners, directed and aided by a corps of experts employed by the State. The cost for a few years would be considerable, but it would not be excessive when the increased value of the woodlands is taken into consideration. The State would be a more attractive place to live in, and the coming generations would not only receive a heritage of greater beauty, but could also reap a crop of im- mensely greater value.” Following this are suggested systems of planting white pine and Norway spruce to obviate weevil injury. REPORT ON THE SPRUCE BUDWORM-* “The spruce budworm. (Tortrix fumiferana Clemens) is with small doubt the most destructive enemy of the spruce, fir and hemlock in Maine.” *This is an abstract of a paper by M. W. Blackman, having the same title and published by the Maine Forestry Department in coopera- tion with the Forestry Department, University of Maine and the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station. *This is an abstract of a paper by M. W. Blackman, having the same title and published by the Maine Forestry Department in coopera- tion with the Forestry Department, University of. Maine and the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station. 2 302 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, “The present outbreak seems to be a much more serious and destructive one than that of thirty years ago, for its extent comprises not only the coast regions but practically every wood- ed area of the state.”’ “Usually one’s attention is first attracted to this insect in the spring or early summer by the wilted or blighted appearance of the new growth at the ends of the branches and twigs of spruce and balsam. This has often been described as resembling the effect produced by the passage of a light fire through the woods.” ’ “The feeding of the larvae upon the developing tips of spruce or balsam usually completely kills them and as no more can be reproduced until the following season the tree is greatly weakened. However, to completely kill the tree, it is necessary either that all or nearly all of the old leaves be also eaten, or that the destruction of the buds shall continue several seasons, or that the greatly weakened tree shall be attacked by other in- sects, such as borers which complete the destruction. Thus, but few trees are killed the first year of attack unless complete defoliation both of the new and old needles has resulted, but for the succeeding few years the results are cumulative, as each succeeding crop of new leaves is nearly entirely destroyed, while in the meantime the old ones are being lost in the natural way. When, however, bark beetles and bark weevils attack trees already weakened by nearly complete defoliation, as has been recently reported by Swaine in Canada, they find but little resistance to overcome and the trees readily succumb.” “A number of trees, some recently dead, others apparently dying, and others seriously and nearly completely defoliated, were felled in order to examine them for boring insects, either bark beetles, weevils or others, which might follow the attack of the budworm and contribute to the death of the trees weak- ened by defoliation.” In this connection the work of the following insects was observed. Sawyer, Monohammus scutellatus; balsam bark beetle; Pityokteines sparsus Lec.; (Ips balsameus Lec.) ; Pissodes dubius; Cryphalus balsameus Hopk.; spruce bark beetle (Polygraphus rufipennis Kirby); Dryocoetes affaber Mannh; (D. piceae Hopk.); Eccoptogaster piceae S. W.; Pissodes nigrae. ABSTRACTS. 303 “While it is undoubtedly possible to control the bud moth by spraying the affected trees in the spring with arsenate of lead (5 lbs. to 100 gals. water) this is practical only for orna- mental and park trees.” “The woodsland owner can, however, lessen the danger of the much increased loss which will occur if the trees which are weakened by the budworm are attacked by hordes of beetles capable of breeding in them and completing their destruction. This he can do by using proper methods in his logging opera- tions.” “Trees killed by the budworm are by no means valueless, as they will remain sound for several years and can be utilized for pulp-wood, provided they are not riddled by wood boring insects.” STUIDUES ON Wels, WICAEIIL ING Ole) Wels, JEOMPAI© BLACKLEG ORGANISM.* Field studies and other general observations indicate that in Maine the bacteria which cause potato blackleg do not remain alive over winter in the soil where the disease has occurred. This paper has to do with certain experiments the primary ob- ject of which was to obtain more accurate data on this point, under control conditions; also to determine whether this ap- parent inability of the bacteria to remain alive in the soil was due to the low temperatures of the winter months or simply to the fact that they were unable to retain their vitality in the soil when separated from the host plant or after they had produced complete decay of the tissues of the latter. Potato tubers inoculated with pure cultures of the blackleg organism, Bacillus atrosepticus Van Hall, after they began to decay were kept at 0° C., or.a. fraction of a degree above, for from one to 11 days and were then planted in the greenhouse. All of these tubers decayed and only a small proportion of them were able to produce sprouts that reached the surface of the soil. These sprouts died down almost immediately with blackleg. The pots of soil containing these diseased tubers were *This is an abstract of a paper by Glen B. Ramsey, having the same title and published in Phytopathology, Vol. IX, pp. 285-288, 1919. 304 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. replanted with healthy tubers just a month after the second planting. This time healthy plants were produced which ma- tured without any signs of blackleg whatever. Exposure to temperatures close to the freezing point for from 1 to 11 days, retarded the activity of the blackleg organisms as the period of exposure increased, but did not prevent their causing a complete decay of the tubers after the latter were planted in pots in the greenhouse, and, under the favorable conditions of moisture and temperature in the pots of soil in the greenhouse, they failed to retain their vitality for as long as 30 days. Duplicate samples of 2 different soil types were taken in the fall. These were placed in small fruit jars, a virulent cul- ture of B. atrosepticus was poured over each, and the covers of the jars screwed on tightly. One set of jars representing each soil type was buried 5 inches deep in soil outside while the other set were stored in the basement of an unheated building. At- tempts to isolate the blackleg bacteria from these different sam- ples of the soil in the spring were unsuccessful. The experi- ments mentioned above, taken together, indicate that the black- leg organism remains alive in the soil but a very short time even under favorable conditions. Also infected tubers left in the ground at digging time decay to such an extent that they do not germinate or if they do germinate the sprouts are immediately killed by the parasite. This explains why volunteer plants are always free from the disease, even though blackleg was preva- lent on the same field the season before. In order to test the possibility of blackleg spreading from plant to plant in the field, or from diseased tubers remaining in the soil from the season before, and which might not entirely decay during the previous fall and winter, quite an extensive experiment was carried out during two successive seasons. Pots of different soil types were sunk in the ground out of doors, with their tops flush with the surrounding surface. Healthy potato plants growing in these pots were watered at intervals, beginning shortly after they came up, with varying dilutions of B. atrosepticus. The results convinced the writer that, unless the seed piece is infected at planting time there is little chance that uninjured plants will contract the disease even though the causal organism is washed about the stem and root system. ABSTRACTS. 305 INVESTIGATIONS ON THE MOSAIC DISEASE OF IMS, WUSMSial OMAN G)s: This is a preliminary paper describing the results of re- search conducted upon potato mosaic in four laboratories dur- ing the years 1916-1919. After discussing the geographical dis- tribution, the previous work concerning the effects upon yield, and the characteristic symptoms, evidence is presented upon various phases, summarized as follows. Potato mosaic decreases the yield decidedly. It is trans- mitted by the tubers of affected plants and is thus maintained in a stock from year to year. It also spreads in the field so that healthy plants may have progeny partly or wholly diseased. While the disease is characterized by certain physiological ab- normalities, its cause is an infectious substance that can be transferred from plant to plant by means of grafting, plant juice, and plant lice. Transmission by plant lice was demon- strated in a number of experiments of various kinds. Two species common upon potato plants were used. Transmission in the field has been greatly reduced, but not entirely elimi- nated, by the removal of diseased plants from seed plots, while hill selection has been much less successful as a method of control. It appears that in order to reduce the detrimental effects of the disease it is necessary both to avoid diseased stock and to prevent field infection of healthy stock by plant lice. *This is an abstract of a paper by Donald Folsom and certain co- operating members of the Bureau of Plant Industry, having the same title and published in the Jour. Agr. Research, Vol. XVII, No. 6, pp. 247-274. 306 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. For many years the meteorological apparatus was located in the Experiment Station building and the observations were made by members of the Station Staff. June 1, 1911, the me- teorological apparatus was removed to Wingate Hall and the observations are in charge of Mr. James S. Stevens, professor of physics in the University of Maine. In September, 1914 the meteorological apparatus was again moved to Aubert Hall, the present headquarters of the physics department. The instruments used were at Lat. 44° 54’ 2” N. Lon. 64° — 4o 5” W. Elevation 135 feet. The instruments used are the same as those used in pre- ceding years, and include: Maximum and minimum thermom- eters; rain gauge; self-recording anemometer; vane; and ba- rometers. The observations at Orono now form an almost un- broken record of fifty-one years. 307 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 1870. OTBIOAW Iaquma0eq Crs 18% G0'8§ PSs ST 6g IsqQUIdAON SPCE 19q0100 TPPS is - 120° &9'6S 6°S¢S oe) - §9S6 8608 § I 6 ) 61 VG 6 GL 08'S 0g's co L0°9 60°99 0°99 Teo 0°69 167 6F (Ox) G6 Boe a < dsquisydsg 90g§ une COPE ACW 0097 9L 88° 1966 Yoleyl LOVE AIVNIGaT 8666 AIVNUBE ‘au yy fo KpissaQMy) ay} JD app, SuONDAsLISGC ‘OEI6I WO AYVWWAS TvOINOIONOALIY So[IUL Ul PUIM JO JUSsUIAAOUL [VIO], een step Apnoja fo quinn SRS SSRIS skvp divey JO JoquinyN ------------ shep ivojd Jo JequInN ------- sivoh TG Ul [[@ymous Uvsayy serSaarEaonsascny seyour Ul [[v@yMoug Bearers aloul IO [9° JO wor -eyIdoid YIM sAep Jo sequinn ---sivak TG Ul UoMeydmsid uUvoyW Se Seyoul Ul UOWepdisid [eqoy, ----gsivsh TG Ul ainjyvisduise, Uvoy Be nae go eeasn Sa d1NjVleduie} Uva Poa a ee, 01n}eV1eduts} 4SdIMo'T ie ear dInzeiedurs, 4SeySIEH 616T 308 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. REPORT OF THE OREASUREK The Station is a department of the University and its accounts are kept in the office of the Treasurer of the Univer- sity. The books, voucher files, etc., are, however, all distinct from those of the other departments of the University. The classification of accounts is that prescribed by the auditors on the part of the Federal Government, and approved by the State Auditor. All of the accounts are audited by the State Auditor, and the Hatch Fund and Adams Fund accounts are also audited by the Office of Experiment Stations acting for the United States Secretary of Agriculture in accordance with Federal Law. The income of the Station from public sources for the year that ended June 30, 1919, was: U.S. Government, Hatch Fund appropriation... $15,000 00 U.S. Government, Adams Fund appropriation........... 15,000 00: State of Maine, Animal Husbandry investigation AUP PROP Vath OM ease ak gee ae ee NN ee eee 5,000 00 State of Maine, Aroostook Farm investigation........... 5,000 00 State of Maine, Highmoor Farm investigations*....... 2,500 OO The cost of maintaining the laboratories for the inspection analyses is borne by analysis fees and by the State Department of Agriculture. The income from sales at the experiment farms is used for the expense of investigations. The printing is paid for by an appropriation to the University. At Aroostook Farm there are in connection with the coop- erative work with the Federal Department of Agriculture ex- penditures mostly under “labor” for the Department and for which the Station is reimbursed. There are also certain expen- ditures for the Department made from sales of crops from Department investigations that do not appear in the tabular statements. They are carried as distinct and separate accounts, always with credit balances, on the Station ledger. *From January 1, to June 30, 1919. REPORT OF THE ‘TREASURER. 309: REPORT OF THE TREASURER FOR YEAR-,ENDING JUNE 30, 1919. DISBURSEMENTS. SHEMET) es ae i ee a NEE) OTE w ee eee ane eee eiete ca clen eect ase weeae PUN CAtONS ieee sees eee eee Postage and Stationery__-.--...-------.-- HreiP hit wanGdeeH MpReSsaeccesccescscec sees eee Heat, light ‘and power------------------- Chemical and laboratory supplies__----_ Seeds, plants and sundry supplies__---- Fertilizers we Bee et Se SN CLT ONE ais HE CCIM CES DUS eee on eee so eee ee IM OPEN © LSS Sees CISA Pcp ec ea a Tools, machinery and appliances__------ Hurniture) and) fixtures 2-222 2222222 2 Scientific apparatus and. specimens_-__-__- A IV.C ME SLO Cha Sai eee Sd Aes ae Traveling expenses--------------.---------. Contingent expemses__----------------_--_- AES Da GUT perpetrate Be ae be EIN OG callie SN ae NS Hatch fund $6851.45 2168.67 125.38 683.31 149.22 566.83 475,52 924.20 1155.01 249.53 384.56 45.28 235.00 409.50 20.00 556.54 15000.00 Adams fund Anima! husbandry investiga- tions $9726.27 1973.28 15000.00 $3920.25 56.00 5000.00 310 MaAIne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. REPORT OF THE TREASURER FOR YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1920 DISBURSEMENTS. | Aroostook Highmoor}| General | Farm Farm* account | SO ULI OS ieee ae ee Sen ee Snes $1670.64 $400.00 $1698.62 UE) OXON a See SHRUBS aD CeEeCStoS 5151.28 819/69 eee ee Publications) ee eee een ee Ue a eee ae rr Postage and Stationery------------------ 41.89 11.55 25.22 Mreioht) ‘and! sh xXpresssas see ase ee eee 181.92 21.94 76.57 Heat, light and power------------------- 93.50 51.00 55.00 @hemicalwand laboratory, supplicss === | eee ee |e Seeds, plants and sundry supplies__-__- 1345.80 861.45 307.41 pblerbilizersieseesse eases res hak bard St ca 8098.84 872.72 17.15 Meeding, stuiis=: 2225 Se eee 778.48 970.84) \ia eee TID PAY: Hoke 2 nite Ee eS ee eS ee Eo) ee eel ii eee ee 28.30 ‘Tools, machinery and appliances___-__-- 234.15 55.45 186.58 Furniture and fixtures__----------------- 138.57 25:25 | eee ‘Scientific ‘apparatus),and) specimenss= 2225 ee ees ene Live sstockie se su ean sae 310.00 560.00 48.50 Traveling. «exDenseseesas aes aa eae 83.25 6.26 198.77 ‘Contingent expenses__-------------------- 52150! eee 33.57 Buildings 7522282 se ee ee 9116! 95) |e ner 215.72 TOG ae es SS Pe ea ay 15097.72 4156.15 2891.41 Inspection analysis $9610.89 *Six months, January 1 to June 30, 1919 over expenditure of $1656.15 paid from General Account receipts. INDEX 311 INDEX. Page , Page Abstracts of papers published in Macrosiphum amelanchiericolens........ 211 INO) seo OS eee ree 285 carpinicolens po : Age of cows and maximum milk diervillae ........... OGOCIAC ENO MMe eee reat eee 253 eupatoricolens Ancestral analysis of Jersey sires 143 gravicornis .......... Animal husbandry investigations in LIMP ALLE TISLCOLE TIS ye 211 TIO). SN a ae ee 249 key to eastern species.. 216: Aphididae, food plant catalog. 219 lanceolatum 215 Aphids of the r0S@ 0-0... 205 new species 209 Aroostook Farm soil tests... 33 onagrae ...... a 212 Ayrshire cows, variations in pseudocoryli 212 Fran cae enn von eI at td 57 pseudodirhodum _..... 213 Bacillus atroseptcius... pseudorosae ..... 206 Banding chicks ptericolens 210 Biometrical study of crossing over 300 LOST eee 205 Blackleg organism, viability of solanifolii 205 Breeding experiments... oe Meadow plant bug (See Miris Buckwheat, Tartary, varia dolaiora tus) pe eee See Eas, Jersey, inferior Meteorological observations.................. 306 transmitting qualities... Milk and fat production, relation which have advanced the breed 138 ROBE 2x ye neetan ees ee ete ee 62 superior and inferior, how dis- fat percentage at different ages 64 TIMES NGGh Sea flow, laws which govern.............. 91 transmitting qualities of of Ayrshire cows, variations SOT Spee et ly ee Via eee ntl pie Meso ree, eee a Oe 260, 285 Butter-fat, percentage, correction of producing capacity and _ confor- TREGOMG IS ee a een a 94 TAP OT pe ee ere ee 270 laws which govern........... Ly Loony Ol production and age of cows...... 253 variation with age of cows.......... 291 and conformation of cows. 298 Calves produced in hybridization comparative variability EXPEGIIMeEMtSi eee ee 274 correction of records......... Catalog of the food plants of the transmitting qualities PAphindidaeeesme es Cs inal cn 219 transmitting qualities of Jer- Clover in soil test experiments... 49 Se yeSineGess alata AU eee 104 Conformation and milk producing records, analysis of... 250 Seip a Ci tayaupee ts ee ee es RS pcp Ze 270 secretion, studies in... 287 of Jersey cows and milk pro- variation in fat content. 57 GhtTeieilo ramen semen ek aS 298 Quantitya =e eae 57 Cows, relation between age and WGtHS- Collars Je 2 1 small Toyo NEKO UO Oe 253 description 3 Crossing over, biometrical study of 300 dimorphism 8 Egg distributing and turning table 77 distribution ....0...... 4 Fagopyrum tataricum, variation in 296 economic importance. 6 Fat content in milk, variation....... 57 LOO Msp lant see eee NN eee ee 7 Fertilizing materials used in soil TH OHETEO LG EMOTION | oe ene ee 4 HEI) ate TE Ra eee a 39 life history 0020... 8 Food plant catalog of the Aphi- measures for control... 14 CGC LVS ee ET 219 natural wenemiles = ee 11 Guernsey sires, transmitting quali- Mosaic disease of the [Irish ESL C'S pen esate ete Nhs a as 254 GOLGI Ho Pie emer cee siemens 1 ee EE 305 Mn CubatOnmebDaAsketS oe 82 Nitrogen, different forms for Jersey cows, age and milk secre- potatoes 27 PLOT eee oe ea hae! ... 287 Oats in soil test expe 47 ACeymanC emp litter-fat— seen 291 Pedigree incubator baskets... Se, conformation and milk produc- poultry breeding SNe ad ates eal Phe. 65 CO ee ete ea Be ae Potash omission in potato culture 30 sires, ancestral analysis... Potato, mosaic disease of... 305 transmitting qualities.............. pomace, analysis ......... 21 Key to the eastern species of fertilizing constitue 22 Witierosnplitim mii ee tee een 216 SCUGICS prance or ae ue 17 312 Page Potatoes, composition affected by COON ei ane ee ee 18 deep vs. shallow planting............ 25 effect of different nitrogenous fertilizers, ie: ee ee 27 experiments in Aroostook coun- Ee Nocera eA SR Sas Sn ee 23 TKKenmebec COUN... .eececseceneeeecnenee 24 grown without potash fertiliza- evo) a Ween re re tater a een pao eee SEPT in soil test experiments. Maine grown, analyses... fertilizer constituents... food value ......... 2s MUTE hal Matters eos methods of culture compared... ’ raw vs. cooked, digestibility........ eC CUTTS enviel LiCLe meena ene ee Poultry breeding, appliances and mie thod sh ie Leese ke ee at Maine Station. 2 CatalogeO be Stock ese eens MatIneE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. Page CLR UTeCOLd....sac ee 73 house egg record. 75 incubator records 76 mating iSheetes see 68 Rose aphids, red and green.... 205 Soil tests at Aroostook Farm.. 33 discussion of results............ 46 Spruce budworm, report on. 301 Studies in milk secretion eS), Tartary buckwheat, variation in.... 296 Transmitting qualities for milk production! \\ 2:25. S ees eee nen 254 of Jersey sires...... ...89, 265 of Guernsey sires.......... 254 Trap nest, Maine Station. 77 Treasurer, creporte pote ssa 308 Variation in quantity of milk. Sprays of fat content in milk... 57 Viability of the potato blackleg Organism), v3.2.0. ee ee 303 Weather observations............ . 306 White pine weevil, report on.......... 301 ia = Q -A ca a Ay x 6h 2 met Fa) pe * pees 3420 CONTENTS MReR SOMO OCS Sail 25). Wala nalaelalers die o aialeveie aneleiara opQuone aie! wlerare (6 a ee | ys Monmmerciak breeding Stilts 1918-0 se 3s. ve ec cane scene saab Ost, 92 a @ommmenceoertilizers’ 1919. 05s cccoc. cca sccescsececincecseeees O. I. 93 Commercial Agricultural Seeds 1919... . 2... ccs cee cece es eae O. I. 94 Insecticides and Fungicides 1918 and 1919.................... O. I. 94 eae og ay eA Ys 45% Dae we aaa i i WD at 1 ee i oly April, 1919 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION ORONO, MAINE. CHAS. D. WOODS, Director ANALYSTS. James M. Bartlett Herman H. Hanson Roydon L. Hammond Elmer R. Tobey Official Inspections 91 DRUGS AND FOODS CEUNS Da NVOOWDS, The Commissioner of Agriculture. is the executive of the law regulating the sale of drugs and foods in Maine. It is the duty of the Director of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station to make the analyses of the samples collected by the Commis- sioner, and to publish the results of the analyses together with the names of the persons from whom the samples were ob- tained, and such additional information as may seem advisable. Nore. All correspondence relative to the inspection laws should be addresssed to the Bureau of Inspections, Department of Agriculture, Augusta, Maine. 2 Maine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. ANALYSES OF DRUGS AND FOODS In the following pages are given the reports of analyses of the samples of drugs and foods sent to the Station for ex- amination by the Commissioner of Agriculture in the calendar year 1918. In the case of drugs, the spirit of nitrous ether and of spirit of camphor samples were collected as a probable meas- ure of the care and accuracy of druggists in the preparation and handling of prescriptions. Spirit of nitrous ether, commonly called Sweet Spirits of Nitre, is prepared by the druggist by diluting concentrated com- mercial nitrous ether with alcohol. The commercial article is carefully prepared and in repeated trials in the Station labora- tory it has been found practicable to make goods 100 per cent perfect. The prepared goods will rapidly deteriorate if kept under improper conditions. But properly stored spirit of ni- trous ether will keep without any practical change taking place for 3 months. This has also been carefully worked out in this laboratory by putting the freshly made preparation under prop- er conditions of storage and taking a sample from it, just as though a sale had been made or prescription filled from the bottle, at frequent intervals and making the analysis. A drug- gist who fails to have his spirit of nitre of proper strength has only himself to blame. — Spirit of Camphor is as readily and as accurately made as if one were to dissolve I ounce of sugar in 10 ounces of water. Kept properly stoppered the preparation will never change in strength. The divergencies from 100 per cent were in some instances very large. In reporting samples of drugs a margin of Io per cent in either direction is allowed as coming within the limits of error. For instance, a sample of spirit of camphor that is from go to TIO per cent of standard would be passed. In the case of a sample between 85 to 89 per cent or 106 to 110 per cent of standard the druggist is cautioned. Larger variations result in hearings, and usually in prosecutions. (Continued on page 20) _—— OrrictaL Inspections 91. SPikia OL Ni @ OS baci kg Table showing results of analyses of samples of spirit of m- trous ether (sweet spirit of mtre) purchased in 1918. erly prepared spirit of nitrous ether will carry 92 per cent alcohol and not less than 4 per cent ethyl nitrite. ples are arranged alphabetically by towns. 18376) P 18380 18387 18382 18437 18369 18365 18368 18367 18420 18411 FE. . J. Begin, John Coughlin, H. EH. Thomas P. Kenney, E. H. W. & E. B. Allen, Brunswick. Drapeau’s Pharmacy, P. J. Meserve, Brunswick. Wilson’s Pharmacy, Brunswick. Irving E. Hall, Prop- The sam- Name and Address of Dealer and Maker and Brand A. Manter, Nitre. trite, Anson. “Sweet Spirits of Aleohol 92 per cent. Ethyl ni- alcohol derivative 18 minims.’’ Augusta. “Spirit of Nitrous Ether. Alcohol 92 per cent. Ethyl ni- trite 4 per cent or 18 minims.”’ Augusta. ‘Spirit of Ni- trous Ether. Alcohol 92 per cent. Ethy] nitrite 4 per cent or 18 minims.” Goodrich, trous Ether. hol. ims.”’ Augusta. ‘Spirits Ni- About 92 per cent alco- Ethy! nitrite 4 per cent or 18 min- Augusta. ‘Spirit of Nitrous Ether. Made from Smith, Kline & French Co. tube. Aleohol 92 per cent. Ethyl! nitrite 4 per -cent or 18 minims.”’ L. Porter & Co., Boothbay Harbor. “Sweet Spirits of Nitre. Alcohol 92 per cent. Made from Smith, Kline & French Co. tube., Not potent after December 24, 1917.” “Sweet ounce con- Ethyl! nitrite Spirits Nitre. Each fluid tains alcoho! 92 per cent. 4 per cent or 18 minims.’’ U Brunswick. “Spirit of Nitrous Ether. (Sweet spirit of ni- tre). Aleohol 92 per cent. Ethyl nitrite 4 per cent, or 18 minims.’’ “Spirit of Ni- trous Ether. (Sweet spirits of nitre). Each fluid ounee contains alcohol 92 per cent. Ethyl nitrite 4 per cent or 18 minims.”’ : “Spirit of Nitrous _ Ether. Aleohol 92 per cent. Ethyl nitrite 4 per cent or 18 minims.”’ Clinton. ‘‘Sweet Spirits of Nitre. Not less than 4 per cent ethyl nitrite and 92 per cent aleohol.’ L. H. Whitney, Corinna. ‘Sweet Spirit Nitre. Alcohol 92 per cent. Ethyl ni- trite 17.5 grs. to ounce.” Results of Examination As Regards Ethyl Nitrite Seventy-one per cent of strength. .Adulterated. Forty-six per cent of strength. Adulterated. Slightly below standard Eighty-five per cent of strength. Adulterated. Kighty-four per cent of strength. Adulterated. Slightly below standard Slightly below standard Above standard strength. Sixty-seven per cent of strength. Adulterated. Seventy-eight per cent of strength. Adulterated. per cent of Highty-nine Adulterated. strength. Slightly below standard standard standard strength. standard standard strength. strength. standard standard standard strength. 4 Maine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. SPIRTD OF NIDROUS EF REE R=Contmued: | | Name and Address of Dealer and | Results of Examination Maker and Brand | As Regards Ethyl Nitrite : | Station number 18415 E. A. Brewster & Sons O©o., Dexter. Above standard strength. | “Sweet Spirits of Nitre. Alcohol 92 per cent. Ethyl nitrite 4 per cent or 18 | minims.”’ 18414 A. L. Davis, Dexter. “Sweet Spirits of Seventy-four per cent of standard | Nitre. Made from Smith, Kline & French) Strength. Adulterated. | tubes. Alcohol 92 per cent. Ethyl ni-| | trite 17.5 -grs. in an ounce.” 18405 Elmer E. Cole, Dover. ‘Sweet Spirit of Thirty-two per cent of standard | Nitre. Aleohol 92 per cent. Ethyl ni-| strength. Adulterated. trite alcohol derivative 18 minims in fluid ounce. 18591/Elmer E. Cole, Dover. “Sweet Spirit of/Twenty-four per eent of standard Nitre. Alcohol about 92 per cent. Ethyl, strength, Adulterated. nitrite, alcohol derivative 18 minims in! fluid ounce.” 184038. T. Oaks, Dover. “Sweet Spirits of Ni-Eighty per cent of standard | tre. Alcohol 92 per cent. Ethyl nitrite) strength. Adulterated. | 17.5 grs. in an ounce.” 18434. F. H. Neal, Fairfield. “Sweet Spirits of Seventy per cent of standard strength. Adulterated. Nitre. Made from Smith, Kline &| French tubes.”’ 18444 Hardy’s Pharmacy, Farmington. “Sweet Slightly below standard strength. | Spirit of Nitre. Made from Smith, Kling | & French tubes. Alcohol 92 per cent. Ethyl nitrite 17.5 grs. to ounce.” 18443Marr’s Drug Store, Farmington. ‘Sweet Slightly below standard strength. | Spirit of Nitre. Alcohol 92 per cent.| | Ethyl nitrite 17.5 grs. to an ounce.” “Sweet Eighty-two per cent of standard Adulterated. 18408|'\Wm. Buck & Co., Foxcroft. | Spirit of Nitre. Alcohol 92 per cent.” | strength. 18406 BE. S. Nickerson, Foxcroft. “Spirit of Ni-/Slightly below standard strength. trous Ether. Alcohol about 92 per cent. Ethyl nitrite 4 per cent.’’ 18396 C. H. Beane, Gardiner. “Sweet Spirit of Eighty-three per cent of standard Nitre. Alcohol 92 per cent. Ethy! ni-. strength. Adulterated. trite 4 per cent or 18 minims.” 18399|F. H. Call, Gardiner. “Spirit of Nitrous|Sixty per cent of standard Ether. Alcohol 92 per eent. Ethyl ni-) strength. Adulterated. trite 4. per cent or 18 minims.”’ 18398|Jackson’s Drug Store, Gardiner. ‘Sweet Slightly below standard strength. Spirit of Nitre. Alcohol 92 per cent. ; Ethyl nitrite 4 per cent or 18 minims.” 18401'T. N. Shorey, Gardiner. “Spirit of Ni-\Bighty-cight per cent of standard trous Ether. Alcohol 92 per cent. Ethyl! strength. Adulterated. nitrite 4 per cent or 18 minims.”’ 18393,\W. D. Spaulding, Hallowell. “Spirit of Kighty-seven per cent of standard Nitrous Ether. Alcohol 92 per cent.| strength. Adulterated. Ethyl nitrite 4 per cent or 18 minims.” 18392 Guy K. White, Hallowell. “Spirit of Ni-| Eighty-seven per cent of standard | trous Ether. Aleohol 92 per eent. Ethy! strength. Adulterated. nitrite 4 per cent or 18 minims.”’ | = ..0./!””nwmnwaa0 roo Station number 18442) 18449} 18447 18427| 18428, 18372) 18424) 18421 18418) 18416 18469 OrriciAL INSPEcTIONS 91. SPIRIT OF NITROUS ETHER—Continued. Name and Address of Dealer and Maker and Brand E. L. Clouthier, Lisbon. ‘Spirit of Ni- trous Ether. J. W. Perkins Co., Port- land. U. S. P. Standard strength. Ethy! nitrite 4 per cent minims. Aleohol 92 per cent.”’ Ham’s Drug Store, Livermore Falls. “Sweet Spirits of Nitre. Each fluid ounce contains 92 per cent aleohol. Ethyl nitrite 4 per cent or 1.3 minims.”’ E. P. Smart, Livermore Falls. ‘Sweet Spirits of Nitre. Made from Smith, Kline & French Co. tubes. Absolute al- coho! 92 per cent by volume. Ethyl ni- trite 17.5 grs. to an ounce.” Madison Pharmacy, Madison. “Spirit of Nitrous Ether. Own make.’’ E. W. Wright, Madison. ‘‘Spirit of Ni- trous Ether. Own make.”’ Barrows & Barrows, Newport. “Sweet Spirits of Nitre. Aleohol 92 per cent. Ethyl nitrite 17.5 grs. to an ounce.’ F. W. Spaulding, Norridgewock. ‘Sweet Spirits of Nitre. Aleohol 92 per cent. Ethyl nitrite 17.5 grs. to an ounce.” Samuel J. Foster, Oakland. “Sweet Spirits of Nitre. Made from A. D. S. tubes. Aleohol 92 per cent. Ethyl nitrite 4 per cent or 18 minims.”’ R. H. Berry, Pittsfield. ‘Sweet Spirits of Nitre. Alcohol 92 per cent. Ethyl ni- trite 4 per cent or 18 minims.” H. H. Nutter, Pittsfield. ‘Sweet Spirits of Nitre. Alcohol 92 per cent. Ethy! nitrite 4 per cent or 18 minims.” Corner Drug Store, Rockland. “Sweet Spirits of Nitre. Each fluid ounce con- tains alcohol 92 per cent. Ethyl nitrite 4 per cent or 18 minims.”’ 18471 Hill’s Drug Store, Rockland. “Sweet Spirits of Nitre. Not good after 12 weeks from Nov. 3, 1917. Each fluid ounce contains 92 per cent aleohol. Ethyl nitrite 4 per cent or 18 minims.” 18740)\W. F. Norcross, Rockland. ‘Sweet Spirits 18468, of Nitre. Made from Smith, Kline & French Co. tubes. Each fluid ounce con- tains alcohol 92 per cent. Ethyl nitrite 4 per cent or 18 minims.’’ ‘The Pendleton Pharmacy, Rockland. “Sweet Spirits of Nitre. Made from Smith, Kline & French Co. tubes. AL cohol 92 per cent. Ethyl nitrite, alcohol derivative 18 minims in fluid ounce.” Results of Examination As Regards Ethyl Nitrite Eighty-four per cent of strength. Adulterated. Sixty-seven per cent strength. Adulterated. Sixty-eight per cent strength. Adulterated. Slightly below standard Slightly below standard Above standard strength. Fifty-eight per cent strength. Adulterated. Above standard strength. Eighty-five per cent of strength. Adulterated. Sixty-seven per cent strength. Adulterated. Seventy-seven per cent strength. Adulterated. Fifty-five per cent of strength. ~ Adulterated. Seventy-seven per cent strength. Adulterated. Slightly below standard standard standard standard strength. strength. standard standard standard standard standard standard strength. 6 Matne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Station. 1919. SPIRIT OF NITROUS ETHER—Concluded. mau 22 Name and Address of Dealer and Results of Examination eg Maker and Brand As Regards Ethyl Nitrite na 184382/F. W. Buecknam, Skowhegan. ‘Spirit of|Eighty-three per cent ‘standard Nitrous Ether.” strength. Adulterated. 18431 G. R. Fogg, Skowhegan. ‘Sweet Spirits Slightly below standard strength. | of Nitre.’’ 18433'The Fuller Drug Store, Skowhegan. ‘‘Spir-|Eighty-four per cent of standard it of Nitrous Ether.’’ strength. Adulterated. 18672/T. F. Staples & Co., South Eliot. ‘“Spir-| Eighty-four per eent of standard its of Nitre. Purchased of: Silas Pisrce| strength. Adulterated. Co., Portsmouth, N. H. Four per cent Ethyl nitrite. Pure U. S. P. Sweet Spirits of Nitre. Alcohol 93 per cent. The contents of this package are strict- ly pure and prepared with the. utmost care by an authorized chemist. Manu- factured by Frank E. Hanis Co., Bing- hamton, N. Y.”’ 18476|Warren Drug Store, Warren. “Sweet| Fifty-one per cent of standard Spirits of Nitre. Alcohol 92 per cent.| strength. Adulterated. Ethyl nitrite 4 per cent or 18 minims to fluid ounce.’’ SEM JOh CANEP EI @®ke Table showing the results of analyses of samples of spirit of camphor purchased in 1918. Properly prepared spirit of camphor will carry 86 per cent alcohol and ro per cent gum camphor. The samples are arranged alphabetically by towns. Name and Address of Dealer and Results of Examination Maker and Brand. As Regards Camphor. ¢ Station number j 18984,Ralph F. Burnham, Auburn. ‘‘Spirits of Slightly above standard strength. Camphor. Alcohol 86 per cent.’’ | : 19032, E. Earl Curran, Bangor. ‘‘Spirits Cam- Slightly below standard strength. phor. Alcohol 86 per cent.” | 19027, Curtis & Tupper, Bangor. ‘‘Spirits Cam- Dangerously above standard | phor. Alcohol 86 per cent.”’ | strength. 19046 H. S. Fifield & Co., Bangor. “Spirits Slightly below standard strength. | Camphor. Alcohol 86 . per eent.” | | | 19048 Fowler Drug Co., Bangor. “Spirits Cam-|Slightly below standard strength. phor. Alechol 85 per cent.’’ | 4 19042 Louis H. Hamm, Bangor. ‘‘Spirits Cam- Slightly below standard strength. | phor. Alcohol 86 per cent.” OrriciaAL INspEcTIONS 91. 7 c SPIRIT OF CAMPHOR—Continued. Name and Address of Dealer and | Results of Examination Maker and Brand. As Regards Camphor. Station number | | 19034|J. E. Houlihan, Bangor. “Spirits Cam- Slightly below standard strength. phor. Alcohol 86 per cent.” | 19040/Ara Warren, Bangor. ‘Spirits Camphor. Dangerously above standard Aleohol 86 per cent.’ | strength. 18959/The Anderson Pharmacy, Bath. ‘“Spirits|\Seventy-six per cent of standard of Camphor. Alcohol 86 per eent.”” | strength. Adulterated. 18957/A. Hallett & Co., Bath. ‘Spirits of Cam-|Slightly above standard strength. phor. Aleohol 9) per cent.”’ | 18961|Leonard & Mitchell, Bath. “Spirit of Sixty-four per cent of standard Camphor. Alcohol 86 per cent,” | strength. Adulterated. 18940\L. Doyon & Co., Biddeford. “Spirits Slightly above standard strength. Camphor. Alcohol 86 per cent.” 18947\L. E. Jones, Biddeford. ‘Spirits of Cam-Slight!y below standard strength. phor. Alcohol 86 per cent.” 18946|J. H. Seiddel, Biddeford. <‘‘Spirits Cam-|In accord with standard. phor. Alcohol 86 per cent.” . | 189440. F. Traynor & Co., Biddeford. ‘Spirits Slightly below standard strength. Camphor.”’ | Percentage of alcohol not stated | on label, as required by law. 18963|/Allen’s Drug Store, Brunswick. “Spirits Eighty-sight per cent of standard of Camphor. Alcohol 93 per cent.’ | strength. Adulterated. 18966) Wilson’s Pharmacy, Brunswick. “Spirits Eighty-four per cent of standard of Camphor. Alcohol 85 per cent.’ strength. Adultsrated. ; 19027/R. B. Stover, Bueksport. ‘‘Spirits Cam-|Ip accord with standard. phor. Alcohol 86 per cent.’ | fj 18932|L. K. Paine, Cumberland Mil's. “Spirits|Slightly below stwndard strength. Camphor. Alcohol 90 per cent.” ; 18412\Dexter Pharmacy, Dexter. “Spirits Cam-|Slightly below standard strength. phor.”’ | Percentage of alcohol not stated on label, as required by law. 19045'E. G. Moore, Ellsworth. “Spirits Camphor.|Slightly below. standard strength. | Aleohol 86 per cent.” 18995|Marr’s Drug Store, Farmington. ‘“‘Spirits|/Slightly above, standard strength. Camphor. Aleohol 86 per cent.” | 19007)W. V. Cole, Freeport. “Spirits of Cam-|Righty-six per cent of standard phor. Alcohol 86 per esnt.’’ | strength. Adulterated. 19006\George A. Wilbur, Freeport. ‘‘Spirits of Righty-four per cent of standard | Camphor. Alcohol 86 per cent.” strength. Adulterated. 18859'G. A. Hofises, Jefferson. ‘Spirits Cam-|Somewhat above standard phor. Alcohol! 66 per cent. Put up bv} strength. E. Hartshorn & Sons, Kidder Brand.’’ 18930|\Thomas F. Devine, Knightville. ‘Spirits)Slight!y above standard strength. | Camphor. Alcohol 86 per cent.’ | | | 18972 H. R. Alden, Lewiston. ‘Spirits Camphor.)Somewhat above standard | Alcohol 85 per cent.” | strength. | Matne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. phor. Alcohol 86 per cent.” | 18425|Frank H. Holley, No. Anson. <‘Spirits Camphor.”’ 19019 W. C. Mutty, Old Town. ‘‘Spirits Cam- phor.”’ 19021/'C. R. Staples, Old Town. ‘Spirits Cam-! | phor. Alcohol 90 per cent.” 19022 P. H. Houlihan, Orono. ‘Spirits Cam- phor. Alcohol 90 per cent.” 18894\Frank J. Bragdon, Portland. “Spirits Camphor. Alcohol 86 per cent.” 18903,Coleord & Washburn, Portland. Camphor. “Spirits Alcohol 86 per cent.’ 18912 Cumberland Avenue Pharmacy, Portland. | “Spirits Camphor. Alcohol 86 per cent.’ Portland. “Spirits Aleohol 86 per cent.” 18911 James H. Donovan, Camphor. 18908 Wm. A. Flaherty, Portland. “Spirits Cam- phor. Aleohol 86 per cent.’’ 18921 Wm. J. Flannigan, Camphor. Portland. Aleohol 86 per cent.”’ “Spirits| 18919 John H. Hamel, Portland. “Spirits Cam-| phor. Alcohol 86 per cent.’’ 18901. C. E. Hawken, Portland. ‘Spirits Cam- phor. Alcohol 86 per cent.” | 18917,H. H. Hay & Sons, Portland. “Spirits Camphor. Alcohol 86 per esnt.” 18886, Theara Hilton, Portland. ‘Spirits Cam-) phor. Alcohol 86 per cent.’’ 8 1919. SPIRIT OF CAMPHOR—Continued. ak | Ae S| Name and Address of Dealer and Results of Examination ag , Maker and Brand. As Regards Camphor. na 18980;Globe Drug Store, Lewiston. “Spirits| Slightly below standard strength. Camphor. Alcohol 86 per cent.” 18979, Chas. Martel, Lewiston. “Spirits Cam-|Slightly below standard strength. phor. Aleohol 95 per cent.” 18970/W. H. Teague, Lewiston. ‘Spirits Cam-|Seventy-two per cent of standard phor. Aleohol 86 per cent.” strength. Adulterated. 18440 Beal’s Pharmacy, Lisbon Falls. “Spirits Eighty per cent of standard Camphor. Alcohol 86 per cent.” _ | Strength. Adulterated. 18968 Beal’s Pharmacy, Lisbon Falls. ‘“Spirits|In accord with standard. Camphor. Alcohol 86 per cent.”’ 18967 Geo. C. Roberts, Lisbon. Falls. “Spirits Slightly below standard strength. Camphor. Alcohol 86 per cent.’ 19043 Stark & Sterritt, Machias. “Spirits Cam-|Slightly above standard strength. Sixty-eight per cent of standard strength. Adulterated. Percent- age of aleohol not stated on label, as required by law. Slightly below standard strength. Pereentage of aleohol not stated on label, as required by law. Sixty-two strength. per cent of standard Adulterated. Slightly above standard strength. In accord with standard. Slightly below standard strength. Slightly above standard strength. Slightly above standard strength. Seventy-two per cent of standard strength. Adulterated. Highty-eight per cent of standard strength. Adulterated. Slightly below standard strength. Slightly below standard strength. Slightly below standard strength. per cent of standard Adulterated. Fifty-six strength. ON OrriciAL Inspections 91. 9 SPIRIT OF CAMPHOR—Concluded f= | 22 Name and Address of Dealer and | Results of Examination Be Maker and Brand. As Regards Camphor. ne | SVL -| Z 17482/Hoovavan Goulasarian, Portland. “Pure Fifty-nine. per cent of standard Camphorated Oil. Guaranteed by Chas.) strength. Adulterated. Crompton & Sons under Food and Drugs Act, June 38), 1906.” 18904\Ideal Pharmacy, Portland. ‘Spirits Cam-) Dangerously above standard phor. Alcohol 95 per cent.” strength. 18916)Geo. W. Merrill, Portland. ‘‘Svirits Cam-|In aceord with guaranty. phor. Alcohol 86 per cent.” \ 18897|James H. Murren, Portland. “Spirits|Slightly above standard strength. 5 Camphor. Alcohol 86 per cent.’ 18927)W. A. Oxnard, Portland. “Spirits Cam-|Dangerously above standard phor. Alcohol 86 per cent.” strength. 18914 John W. Shaw, Portland. “Spirits Cam-|Stightly below standard strength. phor. Alcohol 86 per csnt.” 18896 The Simmons & Hammond Drug Store./In accord with standard. “Spirits of Camphor. Alcohol 86 per | cent.” 18899 Smith & Bros., Portland. “Spirits Cam-|Somewhat below standard strength. | phor. Alcohol 86 per cent.” 18918 Chas. E. Wheeler, Portland. “Spirits Cam-|Somewhat above standard phor. Alcohol 86 per cent.’’ strength. 18948 W. H. Kittridge, Rockland. ‘Spirits Cam- Slightly below standard strength. phor. Alcohol 86 per cent.” 18952, W. F. Norcross, Rockland. ‘Spirits Cam- Slightly below standard strength. i. | phor. Alcohol 86 per eent.”’ 19000 Bowers & Vallee OCo., Rumford Falls.|Slight!y below standard strength. | “Spirits Camphor. Alcohol 85 per cent.” 18938|E. J. Bradbury, Saco. “Spirits Camphor.|somewhat above standard ; Aleoho! 85 per cent.’’ strength. : 19024)D. G. Seymore, South Brewer. “Spirits|[{) accord with standard. Camphor. Alcohol 86 per cent.” 18475|Chas. ©. McDonald & Co., Thomaston.|sijent above standard th “Spirits Camphor. Aleohol 86 per cent.’ Re Re 18935|C. A. Vallee, Westbrook. ‘Spirits Cam-|Somewhat above standard phor. Alcohol 86 per cent.’’ strength. 18446). H. Holman, Wilton. “Spirits Camphor. Slightly below standard strength. Alcohol 86 per cent.” 18445|K, P. Parlin, Wilton. “Spirits Camphor.|Seventy-two per cent of standard Alcohol 86 per cent.” strength. Adultsrated. 18926/J. M. Scanlan, Woodfords. “Spirits Cam-|Slightly above standard strength. ; phor. Alcohol 86 per cent.” : 10 MaIne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Station. 1919. HEADACHE REMEDIES. Table showing the name, maker, and claims of headache reme- dies purchased in 1918, and the name and address of the Maine dealer. f | | CsI | 5 | Brand, Maker and Claims. | Town and Dealer. 5 qa 49) ~ es ~ RM 18385 Auburt’s Headache Powders. Own make. “Each Augusta. | powder contains 3 grains acetanilide.” | Bowditch, Webster & Co. 18472 Bijou Headache Powders. Own makes. ‘Five grains Rockland. | acetanilide in each doss.” The Bijou Drug Store. 18383|Bither’s Headache Powders. Own make. “An ounce Augusta. of powder contains 44 grains phenacetine and 175 B #. Bither. | grains acetanilide.” 18407 Buck's Headache Powders. Own make. “Thre?) Foxcroft. grains acetanilide to each powder.” Wm. Buck & Co. 18394;Dr. Carr Headache Powders. Bought of E. L. Hallowell. | Patch Co.. Boston, Mass. ‘‘Each, ounce powder w, Dp. Spaulding. | contains acetanilide 146 grains, phenacztine 4% | grains. Each powder contains acetanilide 4 grains |. and phenacetine 1% grain.” | 18397/Dexter’s Headache and Anti Pain Powders. Bought Gardiner. | of Eastern Drug Co.,. Boston. “Each powder con- Jackson’s Drug Store. | tains 4% grains acetani‘ids. 18379 Diamond Brand Headache Powder. Purchased of Augusta. | Henry Thayer & Company, Cambridge. Mass. John Coughlin. “Each ounce contains 146 grains acetanilide.” 18395/Farnham’s Headache Powders. Bought of Farnham Gardiner. Drug & Chemical Co., Gardiner. “Each ounec:!] GC. H. Beane. contains 146 grains acetanilide.” | } 18474/Gardner’s Blue Bell Headache Powders. Purchased Thomaston. from G. Robinson Drug Co. Put up for Th2 Bue, Whitney & Brackett. Be!l Remedies, Thomaston, Mains. ‘In each ounces | of powder 131% grains of acetanilide.” 18391 Griffin Headache Powders. Bought of Manhattan | ffallowell. Drug Co. Prepared for White City Drug Store| Guy K. White. Hallowell. ‘‘Acstanilide 160 grains per ounce.’’ | 18473'Hartshorn’s Headache Powders. Purchased from Rockland. Port.and Wholesa‘ers. “Each ounces of powder w. F. Kittridge. contains 127% grains of acetanilide.’’ | 18435 Headache Konsea!s or Wafers. Purchased of Henry Fairfield. Thaysr, Cambridge, Mass. ‘Each ounce contans) The Wi'son Pharmacy 146 grains acetanilide.’’ | 18373 Headache Powders. Purchased of Henry Thayer &| Newport. Company, Cambridgeport. ‘‘Acetanilide 146 grains, Jones & McKenney. to each ounce.” 18371 Headache Powders. Purchased of Hance Bros. &|Newport. White, Philade!phia. “Each powder contains 2%,| Barrows & Barrows. grains acstanilid?; 109 grains acetanilide per) 4 ounce.” OrriciaAL Inspections 91. r 11 Table showing the results of examination of headache reme- dies purchased in 1918. Station number. 18385 18397 18379 18395 18474 18391) 18473 18435 Cost of package. ae 2a 10 25 25 10 25 10 10 Powders, Pills or Wafers. a) 3 Acetanilide. i) 5 oS | 3 © R k emarks. 5 S Es} q 2 ae iB 2/2 | 2 wm | & | 8 2 ae S ae AY S ie) ey | Grs. | Grs. | Grs. 4 powders 9.6 3.0 2.8 3 powders 5.8 5.0 4.2 ‘10 powders 8.8 — — |Phenacetine & Acetanilide combined, 5.1 | grains per powder. Size of dose not given on package. 12 powders eS 3.0 3.3 19 powders 12.4, — — |Phenacetine & Acstanilide combined, 4.7 grains per powder. 10 powders 10.9 4.8 53) | | 3 powders | 9.2) — 3.0.'No information as to size of dose. Jo powders 8.6) — 2.9,No information as to size of dose. | | 4 powders ) B60) = | 1.9|No information as to size of dose. | 3 powders 8.9 — 3.4|No information as to size of dose. | 10 powders BAI 3.9 12 konseals | 9.6) — | 33/No information as to size of dose. | | | | 3 powders 9.2) ata 2.9;,Dose not given on package. 10 powders 10:6. 2.7] 2.5 12 Maine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. HEADACHE REMEDIES—Continued: Brand, Maker and Claims. Town and Dealer. Station number. 18377 Headache Powders. Purchased of E. L. Patch Co.. Augusta. Boston. “Each ounce contains 153 grains acetani- C. B. Murphy. lide; each powder contains 34% grains acetanilide.’ 18404 Headache Powders. Own make. “A cotphenetidin Dover. 2%, grains per powder.” Elmer E. Cole. 18413 Headache Powders. ‘‘Each ounce contains 146 grains) Dexter. acetanilide.” Dexter Pharmacy. 18419 Headache Powders. Purchased of Davies Rose & Co..|Clinton. Boston, Mass. “In each ounce of powder 146) Irving HE. Hall. grains of acetanilide; 361%, grains of acetphenst- idin.” 18422 Headache Powders. Purchased of Henry K. Waum- Solon. pole & Co., Philade!phia. ‘‘Each powder contains; L. W. McelIntire. 4% grains acetanilide.” 184238 Headache Powders. Own make. ‘Each powder con-|Norridgewock. tains 4% grains acetanilide.” | F. W. Spaulding. 18486 Headache Powders. Purchased of Henry Thayer | Wiscasset. Cambridge, Mass. Prepared for A. W. Kenstead.| Roy R. Marston. “An ounee of powdsr contains acetanilide 164| grains; each powder 4% grains.” | 18441 Headache Powders. Purchased of The Hollander Lisbon. : Koshland. Co., Baltimore, Md. “Bach powder; EB. LL. Clonthier. contains 3 grains acetanilide.” i 18448 Headache Powders. Purchased of Armstrong Manu-|Livermore Falls. facturing Co., Boston, Mass. “Hach ounce of| J. C. Ham. powder contains acstanilide 15344, grains; each) | powder 3% grains.” | 18450, Headache Powders. -Purchased of Cook, Everett & Livermore Falls. Pennell, Portland. ‘“‘Each powder contains 3 grains; Kdmond Blais. acetanilide.” 18400'Dr. Hebson’s Headache Powders. Bought of Pfeiffer)Gardiner. Chemical Co., Philadelphia. ‘Each ounce contains} T. N. Shorey. 139 grains acetanilide to each ounce; each powder) ‘ 3144 grains. 18429 Dr. Hobson’s Reliable Headache Powders. Pur-|Skowh2gan. ; chased of Pfeiffer Chemical Co., New York. “Each| Sampson & Avore. powder contains 344 grains aestanilide.”’ | 18374 Infallible Headache Powder. Purchased of Ne!son| Augusta. | Baker & Co. “Contains 4% grains acetanilide to} Arthur Tetreault. | each powder.” ; 18384/Dr. James Minature Headache Powder. Purchased of Augusta. | Wholesalers in Portland or Boston. ‘Each ounce! B. E. Bither. | contains 192 acstanilide grains.” Seiten is Headache Powders. Bought of Daviss|Augusta. Rose & Co., Boston. ‘‘Hach ounce contains 146) Thomas P. Kenney. grains acetanilide.’ | ae —_— Station aumber. 18377 18404 18413 18419 18422 18423 " 18436 18441 18448 18429 18374 18384 18381 Cost of package. wa Na 25 25 25 25 20 10 25 10 25 10 10 OrFiciAL INSPECTIONS 91. 13 Powders, Pills or Pieces in package. 10 powders 12 powders 10 powders 10 powders 10 Dowders 12 powders 10 powders 10 powders 10 powders 3 Dowders 12 powders 4 powders 18 powders 4 powders 3 powders Wafers. a Acestanilide. oO Je A, a oO es] cy . o » o : a eal oe ah @Sae| Me S ‘S) Fy Grs. | Grs. | Grs. 9.3 3) 3.4 7.9 2.5 2.8 8.3) — Deri 11.2) — — 10.4 4.5 3.9 all 4.5 3.3 10.0 4.5 3.5 5.7 3.0 1.5 9.8 3.5 3.4 11.4 3.0 3.5 10.6 3.5 3.6 10.8 3.5 3.7) 8.7 4.5 3.9 8.0) — 3.4) TS} = 37 Remarks. No information to show size of dose. Acetphenstidin & acetanilide combined, 5.0 grains per powder. Size of dose not given on package. No information as to size of dose. \No information as to size of dose. 14 Marne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, HEADACHE REMEDIES—Concluded. | Brand, Maker and Claims. Town and Dealer. Station number. 18375 Manhattan Headache Wafer. Purchased of Manhat- Augusta. tan Drug Company. “Contains 160 acetanilide) Arthur Tetreault. grains. to an ounce.” 18388|Nervease Headache Powders. Bought of Portland Augusta. | or Boston Wholesalers. ‘‘Each powder contains F. R. Partridge. | 4% grains acetanilide.” | 18389 Nyal’s Headache Powders. Bought of New York & Augusta. London Drug Co., New York. ‘‘Anapyralgin (dia-- W. R. Partridge. cetyl-p-amidophenol) 5 grains in each wafer.’’ | 18438|Nyal’s Headache Powders. Purchased of New York|Boothbay Harbor. | & London Drug Co., New York. “Anapyralgin) Harris Drug Co. (diacetyl-p-amidophenol) 5 grains in each tablet.” 18390 Nyal’s Headache Wafers. Bought of New York & Augusta. London Drug Co., New York. ‘‘Five grains acet-| W. R. Partridge. phenetidin in each powder.” | 18417 Nyal’s Headache Wafers. Purchased of Nyal Co., Pittsfield. Detroit, Mich. “Acetanilide 2% grains in each| R. H. Berry. wafer combined with caffeine.” 18402'Oaks’ Headache Powders. Own make. ‘Each pow-| Dover. der contains 38 grains acetanilide.”’ Sh Oaks 18386|\Our own Headache Powders. Purchased of E. L. Augusta. 384% grains acetanilide.’ | 18410|Paragon Headache Powders. Bought of The Para- Corinna. gon OCo., Portland. ‘Each powder contains 5| L. H. Whitney. | grains acetanilide.” | 18364|Rexall Headache Powders. Bought of United Drug Brunswick. . | Company, Boston. ‘Each powder contains acet-- Drapeau’s Pharmacy. phenetidin (acetanilide derivative) 214 grains; one ounce of the powder contains acetphenetidin 137) | grains. Free from opium, morphine and choral. | 18409 Rexall Headache Powders Special. Bought of United Corinna. | Drug Co., Boston, Mass. ‘‘Each powder contains) L. H. Whitney. 1% grains acetanilide.’’ 18439 Royal Headache Powders. Purchased of J. E. Gould Lisbon Falls. & Co., Portland, Maine. ‘Each powder contains) Es. & ‘Webber. 3144 grains acetanilide.” | 18378 Smart’s Acetine Headache Powders. Purchased of Augusta. John W. Perkins Co., Portland, Maine. “Each) John Coughlin. powder contains 3 grains acetanilide.” | 18366|Special Headache Powders. Purchased of Henry Brunswick. Thayer & Co., Cambridge, Mass. ‘Contains 146 Wilson’s Pharmacy. | grains acetanilide to each ounce.” | 18430,|Dr. Watter’s Sulphio Caffeine Headache Tablets. Skowhegan. Purchased of Dr. Walters, Chicago, Ill. | Sampson & Avore. | Seen eee Patch Co., Boston, Mass. ‘‘Each powder contains) Devine & Chadbourne. Station number. 18375 18388 18389 18438 18390) 18417 . 18402 18386 18410 18364 18409 18439 18378 18366 18430 Se cot on 25 25 25 25 10 10 10 10 25 10 25 25 25 25 Cost of package. Powders, Pills or Pieces in package. 12 konseals 10 powders 12 konseals 18 tablets 12 powders 4 konseals 3 powders 3 powders 3 powders 12 powders 4 powders 12 powders 10 powders 10 powders 30 tablets OrriciAL Inspections 91. 15 nilide. 2.9 4.8 2.2 3.0 4.2 4.0 1.9 3.1 Waters. a |Aceta 3 fei i] i) (sj a . rd += o ran ees a ‘S E iS Grs. | Grs. 7.0! — 5.6 4.5 7A) — 71) — 4.8 5.0 7.5 25 4.7 3.0 11.1 By) 7.8 5.0 6.3) 2.5] 9.9 3145) 10.5 3.5 5.2| 3.0 10.2) — DE 1.6| Remarks. No information as to size of dose. Material soluble in alcohol. 4.5 grains per konseal. ‘‘Alcohol soluble’? ma- terial also soluble in Chloroform 0,2 grains per konseal. Material soluble in aleohol 4.8 grains per tablet. ‘‘Aleohol soluble’ materi- al also soluble in Chloroform 2.0 grains per tablet. Caffeine found 0.1096 grains per kon- seal. 5 ‘Dose not given on package. Caffeine found 0.1466 grains per tablet. No information on package as to dose or acetanilide. 16 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. LCE, CREAM: 1919, Table showing the results of the examination of samples of ice cream collected in the season of 1915, arranged alphabetically by towns. Station number 18772) Biddeford. 18803|Kezar Falls. Kittery Re oH Clarks tae sae i ele “18669 | Biddeford. Biddeford. Biddeford. Town and Dealer. Results of Examination.* G. Pandelepulos S. Macoulis Co._--- ES Merrill ah aa lee ea be Mhromulos’ ‘Brotherse-- 2222-222 =- 2 GeOrL ee ViASS ils swan pei eee ale oe ees Cornish. George H. Parker & Son__-__---~------- East Vassalboro. H. S. Marden_-_----------------- 1H) 12. Exoyoyoh pio 18774|Old Orchard. Vermont’ Dairy Ice Cream Co.__-- 18777 18760 18827 Portland. Portland. Portland. Portland. Portland. Portland. 18770 18768 18765 18767 18759| Portland. 18778) Portland. 18766| Portland. 18769 Portland. 18771 heartland! 18764 Portland. 18761 Portland. 18762 Portland. 18763 Portland. 18802'Steep Falls. Old Orchard. Vermont Dairy Ice Cream Co.-_--- ThomasseOristo: === JOhng Diamond ses se eee del, dela Jal) 2 (SOs Ee oRS biggetti: (Come si en ea al eee eee Hredi a Ps qwords sao eee ae eee Moustakis Munjoy, ice, Cream! |\Co.2== se Munjoy TeeynCreamnn © Oasasaa eee ae GeOnceehiee S aWiVie le oe ees Seribner & Woodbury_----------------- The Simmons & Hammond Store_____ Georgelely aes OULG= see eee eee ee Chas. Chas. Mrs. TOMAS 28s oN a ee TRH OM AS eee ee Moretti aw Rh Ss Sessa ee a eee eee ERD Se RT GLO seas eter eer a eesti tare *Explanation of terms. Lawful, just above standard. Low. Slightly below standard. Well above standard. Lawful. Well above standard. Well above standard. Lawful. Low. Lawtul. Slightly below standard. Slightly. below standard. Well above standard. Lawful. Well above standard. Well above standard. Well above standard. Low. Low. Slightly below standard. Slightly below standard. Slightly below standard. Lawful. Low. Lawful. Low. Low. Well above standard, at least one per cent above standard. Slightly below, not more than one per cent ‘below standard. Low, more than one per cent below standard. OrriciAL Inspections 91. WA MOLASSES» Table showing the results of analyses of samples of Molasses purchased in 1918 by inspector without making himself known to dealer. Samples arranged alphabetically by towns where goods were purchased. a n on a Town and Dealer. =| Be | se a ars ee BS cee ee se Be ne aler Aa, EA, ay | ae 18839/Augusta. Harsom & Bonsall__---- 47.30 | 21.42 | 26.30 4,12 Good 18840/Augusta. Hunt’s Cash Store------- 31.81 25.26 | 28.20 6.65 Good 18838, Augusta. Patnaude & Son__--_--- 39.72 | 25.40 | 25.50 | 6.51 Ordinary 18837|Augusta. Ovid Pomerleau__-------- 37.54 | 31.30 | 25.30 | 5.93 -|Ordinary 18846/Bangor. W. H. Blake-------------- 37.69 | 23.12 | 28.35 4.52 Bxcellent 18854\Bangor. Nicholas Ferris.----------- 18.40 34.48 | 25.80 8.51 very poor 18850/Bangor. J. E. Foley Co._-------- 50.80 18.50 | 27.02 1.22 Excellent 18851/Bangor. J. E. Foley Co.-..-------| 42.81 | 21.68 | 28.00 | 4.82 [Excellent 18852|Bangor. J. E. Foley Co.-.__----- 29.64 | 25.04 | 27.90 | 6.75 Ordinary 18853/Bangor. R. Hickson’s Son_____--- 48.24 | 21.82 | 25.95 | 1.92 Excellent 18845 Bangor. J. G. James_------------- 40.70 | 23.26 | 25.00 | 5.78 |Ordinary 18847/Bangor. A. W. Joy Co.-_------- 49.40 | 28.92 | 27.45 | 4.77 Ordinary 19844/Bangor. Fred McAvery------------- 43.11 | 21.48 .| 25.85 | 3.99 |Good 18855|Bangor. Ameen Nicho!s_------------ | 36.48 | 21.70 26.30 6.31 |Ordinary 18849|Bangor. S. H. Robinson & Son--| 40.99 | 93.04 Ain) ||, SYA ordinary 18848/Bangor. Townsend’s Cash Market) 40.25 | 26.02 | 25.15 | 3.09 |Good 18843|/Bangor, HH. W-. Wilde------------ | 39.65 31.26 27.00 4.84 hexeeltent 18841/Bangor. ©. F. Winchester__._----- | 49.81 | 20.28 | 95.95 | 8.27 |Good 18842'Bangor. C. F. Winchester__-_----- | 42.81 | 19.38 | 25.85 | 481 Good 18875|Jefferson. G. A. Hoffses_---------- | 45.88°] 20.28 | 26.20 | 3.44 Excellent 18876|Jefferson. L.. S. Sylvester_..____--| 41.16 | 17.92 | 29.60 | 5.07 Good 18877|Jefferson. LL. S. Sylvester_---_----- | 82.71 | 30.72 | 28.75 | 4.45 Ordinary ISSEZINGWDOLnte Hee. COOk-22222 es eers 49.85 | 22.10 | 27.50 | 3.17 Good 18861|Newport. Fernald & Wheeler__--_- | 44°47 | 20:82 | 24.65 | 4.48 \Good 18988|Portland. W. S. Bailey__--------__ | 4131 | 20.36 | 26.80 | 4.42 |Ordinary 18989|Portland. Frank H. Freese__-_-_-- | 36.03 | 22.76 25.40 | 6.00 - Ordinary 18990|Portland. A. E. MHinekley__------- | 39.65 | 20.50 | 26.30 | 4.84 |Ordinary 18092 Portland. Hie EIen ii benessaeees | 30.60 | 22.74 | 25.50 | 6.49 |Ordinary 19011 Portland. Agiaied Bea Bald) one eee | 25.93 | 29.38 | 25.65 6.48 |Poor 18 Matne AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Station. 1919. MOLASSES—Concluded. I n bp sj as Town and Dealer. oe ag a 5 g S 62 ns po HO 3 Ae Sig fe 5 ey sq B3 | S| Bill Sis al ieeabes Bs me | | ey AA, EA Ay ee 18993 Portland. John Peverada__-------- | 42.06 | 15.68 26.65 5.08 |Ordinary 18991 Portland. Strout & Stubbs_------ 44.17 | 21.16 | 25.50 3.85 |Ordinary feos7Portlands 1S: 0NeeWoltssss eee eees 42.66 | 21.88 | 25.65 | 4.03 |Ordinary 18994 Searboro Beach. William Peterson 39.30 23.14 95.40 6.48 |Ordinary 18878 Somerville. C. F. Brown__-------- | 34.22 21.92 25.85 5.61 |Ordinary 18879 Washignton. eo Mia rr ses So | 34.22 22.98 | 29.20 5.27 |Good 18863, Waterville. Morris Baron__-------~-- | 17.04 36.60 25.00 6.83 |Very poor 18864 Waterville. 1B) Ag) (COs | 45.07 | 20.92 | 26.00 | 3.46 |Excellent 18865|Waterville. E. DL, Gove-_---------- | 39.49 | 93.80 | 24.00 | 4.95 (Ordinary 18873, Waterville. G. A. Kennison Co.--) 37.39 23.36 25.50 5.94. |Rather poor 18866) Waterville. S. W. Know!ton______- | 43.49 | 21.02 | 26.00 4.09 \Good 18867)/Waterville. F. E. McCallum__-----| 36.24 23.90 26.65 4.56 |Ordinary -18868| Waterville. F. E MeCallum....-- 36.66 | 22.18 | 26.50 | 624 |Ordinary 18869|Waterville. F. E. McCallum... 36.56 | 24.52 | 26.20 | 4.67 |Rather poor 18874|Watervills. H. E. Pomerleau___--- 33.16 25.72 25.00 7.54 |Ordinary BUTTER. Table giving the results of the chemical analysis of butter on sale in Maine. The samples are arranged alphabetically by the name of the town and dealer. The maker’s name is gwen when known. , : + ye} ne) + ae Py § iz a 3 n os Town, Dealer, Brand. AB aS 5 2s 3 a Sa LTS) ay oF) i) 85 SEG Mecsas Gin | ea | ake na 2S 2A. Da Oa a Og teed — | 18985|Augusta. H. O. Parmenter. 15.7 11.43 BY 1.19 84.56 13.2 Swift & Co., Augusta. “Brookfield Greamery Butter. | 18671|Bath. E. E. Ingalls. A W. E. Mank, Waldoboro. | 8.11 14.21 7.03 1.58 77.18 6.2 B “Butter’’. 7.76 22.72 1.35 3.25 72.68 5.6 19053|Bath. R. D. Moulton. 14.9 12.58 | 2.86 1.01 83.60 12.4 Geo. F. Jackson, Bath. | “Pure Creamery Butter.’’ | Pasi . OrriciAL Inspections 91. 19 OPENED CLAMS. Table showing results of examination of samples of opened clams purchased in the spring of 1918, arranged alphabeti- cally by towns. Station number. Town and Dealer. | Results of Examination. 186 7ARocklandesle ph) \OODDSis--ssee sae nose ee Adu!terated with water. 1s676) Rockland Wi. WV. (Spencers -==—-2—- 27 == et 2e ee | 18675|Rockland. | Philip 'Thomas_--___--_--__--_---_____-__ Je Good winks see hs ee 18664, Sorento. 18665 Sorento. 18666 Sorento. 18667 Sorento. NGS GOO GWwink ee ae ee as See as ee Die GOO Wine sssa= see Se a eh L GOOG Wink vo see Sean Be \dulterated with water. Lawful. ‘Lawful. ‘Lawful. ‘Lawtul. Lawful. ORENEDF OYSUERS: Table showing the results of examination of samples of oysters purchased in the spring of 1091S, arranged alphabetically by tOWNS. Station number Town and Dealer. | 18670 Kittery. Kittery Farmers’ Union 18673 Rockland. I. R. Cobbs__--------- 18677 Rockland. W. V. Spencer_------- mos Settee Results of Examination. |Adulterated with water. |Adulterated with water. Lawful. | 20 Maine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. (Continued from page 2) In. writing prescriptions the physician has to rely upon the care and accuracy of the pharmacist in filling them, If dosage means anything, accuracy in filling prescriptions is es- sential. The uncertainty of accurate prescription filling is one of the reasons that is leading physicians more and more to prescribe formulas that are carefully prepared by reliable drug manufacturers and sold under registered trade mark. The headache remedies are for the most part proprietory articles and are made of powerful and dangerous drugs. On this account they are examined at not too infrequent intervals to be sure they are of claimed strength and properly labelled. In the case of foods, samples of ice cream were collected at random to keep a measure over the manufacture. Maine is one of the states having the best quality of ice cream of- fered in America. The standard was placed high and for the most part there has been an intelligent desire on the part of the ice cream manufacturers to maintain the standard. The samples of molasses were collected to see 1f, because of the scarcity of sugar in the war period, any serious adultera- tion was taking place. INDEX PAGE Bute ree 2 Ne aes cs eI a a 18 Flieadache HRemediesc.s i. Aiud: see ieee eal IO Iicel (Greate iiauteenv er caheve certs « Wuey ie! a tcyere ca ee pee 16 MT OTASSES fiweal Saati cites cueieice: ah She seeusia cece siden eekly CSV Ok Seema at ae 1y/ Opened Claims wad a We oe oie ete eee 19 @penedesOysters sonyes PS geese eepeten ses wles arate tae Sv toa acne ea 19 Spiritvot sCamphorey yoo) 0) Ue ie ices, ets a ae SONG Spirit’ of Nitrous Bthen. sehen ecais ac ane eee 2 August, 1919 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION ORONO, MAINE. CHAS. D. WOODS, Director ANALYSTS. James M. Bartlett Elmer R. Tobey Roydon L. Hammond C. Harry White Oficial Suspections 92 COMMERCIAL FEEDING STUFEFS, 1918-9 CuHas. D. Woops: The Commissioner of Agriculture is the executive of the law regulating the sale of feeding stuffs in Maine. It is the duty of the Director of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station to make the analyses of the samples collected by the Commissioner, and to publish the results of the analyses to- ecether with the names of the persons from whom the samples were obtained, and such additional .information as may seem advisable. Norte. All correspondence relative to the inspection laws should be addressed to the Bureau of Inspections, Department of Agriculture, Augusta, Maine. 22 Maine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, REPERENCE EISt OF FEEDING STUPESRExXeAViiENi IN 1918-10. Animal Refuses—Meat (and Bone) Scraps... Barley s@ thalsyieou i wales ar ee oo 9 Beet* Pullip cs ce hve dk Seat ee Compounded™Heedsstor Cattle Horses ands Swine =e Compoundedwireeds \ fon (Poultry eee Cornand: (@ats Ground: Wosethert 22) =) ane Corned eed« Micali Gr ath ni) oii Ns oko Ne (Corn) Gluten Feed and Gluten Meal. ‘it Si aC ah (Cogn) rlominy steed’ Meale 22s. eee Oat Offalsmand | Retusesvs @il @ake? Meals—-Cocoanut) Meals] aa @il) Cake? Mieals—- Cottonseed Need aes @ilt Cakey Meals—-Cottonseed) Mealy aa @il) Cake Meals Einseedi Meal 2 2 aaa Rives Offalsie An aT ae Wheat“: Offals-—Branu a ee Wheat s@ttals—-Middliness2. 250 eee Wiheat -Ortals——Mixed) Heedine a) ne ees Wheat"Offals— Ned Doe JF lour;, ete 2s a eee OrrictaL INspections 92. 23 REGIST RA DION AND RESUETS OF INSPECTION. The following pages contain the report of the analyses of commercial feeding stuffs made since the publication of Off- cial Inspections 89. Four years ago this Station stopped pub- lishing the numerical results of analyses of commercial feeding stuffs. On the whole this has met with commendation. Because of a few, chiefly jobbers, who prefer the numerical statement of the results of the examination the reasons that led to the change in method of reporting and which are still as pertinent as they were four years ago are restated below. Instead of the columns showing the guaranteed and found percentages of protein, fat and fiber on each sample, two col- umns only will be found. In the left hand column is the name of the brand, the manufacturer, the list of ingredients, the maxi- imum percentage of crude fiber, and the minimum percentages of fat and protein, as guaranteed by the manufacturer or shipper in the certificate of registration filed with the Commis- sioner of Agriculture. In the right hand column is a general discussion not of each individual sample, but of the findings impnecandcowcach brand ot teed jas a whole) Ay reference) to the tabular pages will show the method of treatment better than a description here. This method gives the information for which a reader of these reports is looking in a form which it is thought can be much more readily and fully taken in than when it is necessary for him to go over the detailed reports of each sample of each brand and make a similar summary for himself. The only information which could be obtained from the former method of treatment which is not present in the report this year is the amount that the samples found lawful exceeded their guarantees. This amount of over-run is not important from the standpoint of the purpose of the law and the statement of it is very apt to be misleading to the consumer and may frequently be unfair to manufacturers. For the intent of the law clearly is that samples shall be analyzed for the purpose of determining whether they are in accord with their guarantees. To state that they have been found so is to state the result of the analysis. To publish re- sults showing that two samples of a given brand were both up 24 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. to guaranty and none were below is to indicate that a feeder may buy that brand with pretty fair assurance that he will get what is guaranteed. To show that those two samples both happened to be 2 per cent or so higher than their guarantees frequently tends to mislead him. For the fact that two sam- ples both ran high, is no indication that the goods of that brand which he buys from a different lot will do equally well. No matter how high some single sample may test, the only analysis that a buyer has any right or reason to expect from a feed is that guaranteed by the maker on the label. It should be constantly borne in mind that the guarantees required by the law are not average ,but in the case of protein and fat, minimum, and in the case of fiber maximum percent- ages. That is, if some lots are deficient, the fact that other lots exceed their guarantees does not neutralize it; it is the intent of the law that guarantees be so fixed that all goods of that brand will be in accord with them. Buyers should not allow themselves to be deceived by the practice of some manufactur- ers who use two figures in their guarantees, making their Claims) in such forms as «Protein 10 to) 13 per icentaaaeeie higher figure is absolutely without meaning; the only percentage guaranteed is that represented by the lower figure. In other words, goods bearing the statement above are no more likely to carry 13 per cent protein that those with a simple statement Or» Proteim! 10 per cent: DESCRIPTION OF TABLES. In the left hand column of the tables will be found listed the name of each brand of feeding stuff registered in Maine in 1918 or 1919, the name of the manufacturer, the list of in- gredients, and the guaranteed analysis as given on the certifi- cate of registration filed with the Commissioner of Agriculture. Unregistered brands of which samples have been examined are also included in the list. Unless otherwise stated all of the brands, samples of which are here reported, were registered in 1919. The feeds are grouped into classes and in those classes the names of the manufacturers are arranged alphabetically. In the right hand column the results of the examination of the samples of each brand are discussed. The number of samples examined, how many were in accord with guaranty, how many OrFiciAL INSPECTIONS 92. 25 were not in accord and in what respects, the number of weed seeds found (if samples were examined for weed seeds), and any other information that has a bearing on the lawful sale of the goods, are given for each brand. In the discussion, when a sample is spoken of as “slightly” below (in the case of fiber, above) guaranty, it means that the deviation from guaranty was so small that another sample from the same lot of goods might be found in accord. The significance of a “slight” devi- ation depends to a considerable extent upon the findings in re- gard to the other constituents of the same sample and other samples of the same brand. In the weed seed enumeration, a “few means from two to eight in a half pint sample; “some” means eight to fifteen; “many” not more than seventy-five; and “very many” means up to two per cent of weed seeds. When practicable, the weed seeds found in the samples are given in detail. Two classes of samples are reported in the tables—official samples and dealers’ samples. The former are the samples drawn by the duly authorized inspectors of the Department of Agriculture. The latter include all samples submitted by dealers, consumers, and manufacturers. The general name of dealers’ samples is used for them because it is from dealers b) that all but a few of them are received. Anyone desiring to submit samples for free analysis MUST take those samples itt accordance with the directions issued by the Department of Agriculture; copies of those directions may be obtained on application to the Commissioner of Agriculture, Augusta, Maine. All the samples received are examined for protein, the most important constituent from the standpoint of the Maine feeder. At least one official sample of each brand is also ex- amined for fiber and fat. Many of the official samples were examined for weed seeds. Because deficient samples are reported in this bulletin should not be taken to mean that cases have been passed. All discrepancies between guarantees and analyses are reported to the Commissioner of Agriculture for appropriate action; seri- ous discrepancies in goods shipped from other states are re- ported to the Federal authorities for action under the United States law. 26 Maine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. Table showing registrations of feeding stuffs and results of examination of samples. ALFALFA MEAL. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. Alfalfa. The Park & Pollard Co., Boston, Mass.|)0ne official sample. In accord Ground alfalfa hay. Contains not more than| with guaranty in fat and _pro- 30 per cent crude fiber and not less than 1.5} tein; slightly high in fiber. per cent fat and 12 per cent protein. No weed seeds noted in sample. ANIMAL REFUSES—GROUND BONE. Bone Meal. Portland Rendering Co., Portland,|One official sample. In accord Maine. Bone. Contains not more than 0) with guaranty in protein and per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per} fat; not examined for fiber. cent fat and 20 per cent protein. Cracked Bone. Portland Rendering Co., Port-|One official sample. In accord land, Maine. Bone. Contains not more than) with guaranty in protein; 0 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5) slightly low in fat; not exam- per cent fat and 20 per cent protein. | ined for fiber. ANIMAL REFUSES—MEAT (AND BONE) SCRAPS. Beef Scraps. John C. Dow Co., Boston, Mass.|One official sample. In accord Composed of meat scraps. Contains not more) with guaranty Thal sicher 7) joer than 0 and not less than 12 per cent fat and| cent low in protein. Not ex- 40 per cent protein. amined for weed seeds. No fiber guaranty given. Bone and Meat Meal. Portland Rendering Co.,|One official sample. In_ accord Portland, Maine. Composed of meat and bone.| with guaranty in fat; 3.75 per Contains not less than 8 per cent fat and| cent low in protein; Not exam- 35 per cent protein. ined for weed seeds. No fiber - guaranty given. Favorite Poultry Meal. John C. Dow Co., Bos-|One official sample. In accord ton, Mass. Made up of dried meat, bone,| with guaranty in fat; 2 per fenugreek seed and cottonseed meal. Con-| cent low in protein. .No fiber tains not less than 10 per cent fat and 30! guaranty given. No weed seeds per cent protein. noted in sample. Green’s Poultry Food. Greené Chick Feed Co.,/One official sample. In accord Marblehead, Mass. Made up of bone, meat) with guaranty in protein and and salt. Contains not less than 5 per cent} fat; no fiber guaranty given. fat and 25 per cent protein. Not examined for weed seeds. Meat & Bone Scrap. Whitman & Pratt Ren- lTwo official samples. Both in dering Co., Boston, Mass. Composed of cooked | accord in protein; the one ex- meat and bone. Contains not less than 12| amined in accord in fat. No fi- per cent fat and 35 per cent protein. ber guarantees given. Not ex- amined for weed seeds. Protox Pure Ground Meat Scraps. The Ameri- lone official sample. In _ accord can Agricultural Chemical Co., ‘New York.) with guaranty in fat; 3.69 per Made up. of ground meat scraps. Contains| cent low in protein. No fiber not less than 10 per cent fat and 55 per cent) guaranty given. Not examined protein. for weed seeds. | BARLEY OFFALS. Barley Feed. Crescent , Milling Co.,. Minneap-|\One official sample.. In accord olis, Minn. Offal produced in milling barley) with guaranty. Contains many flour. Contains not more than 26 per cent) seeds of mustard,: pigweed, la-. crude fiber and not less than 1.5 per cent| dy’s thumb, etc. fat and 5 per cent protein. Registered’ in 1918.) OrricrAL INspecrions 92. Lie FEEDING Sturrs—Continued. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. | RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. . | ar Barley Feed. Chas. M. Cox Co., Boston, Mass.\One official sample. In accord Composed of barley bran, barley middlings, with guaranty. Contains many ground screenings not exceeding mill run.| seeds of mustard, yellow fox- Contains not more than 25 per cent crude, tail, ete. fiber and not less than 2 per cent fat an 8 per cent protein. | Barley Feed. Chas. M. Cox Co., Boston, Mass. lone official sample. In accord Composed of barley hulls, barley middlings,) with guaranty. Contains few barley, screenings. Contains not more than) seeds of mustard. Few hulls of 25 per cent crude fiber and not less than 1) wild buckwheat. per cent fat and 6 per cent protein. | = “Criterion” Barley Feed. Sheffield-King Mill-\One official sample. In accord ing Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Entire by-prod-| with guaranty. Contains few ucts from the milling of barley into flour.| seeds of Jlady’s thumb, wild Contains not more than 22 per cent crude} buckwheat, etc. fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and 8 per cent protein. Registered in 1918. “Criterion” Barley Feed. Sheffield-King Mill-\One official sample. In_ accord ing Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Entire by-prod-| with guaranty in protein; not ucts from the milling of barley into flour.| examined for fiber and fat. Contains few seeds of pigweed, Contains not more than 14 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and| wild buckwheat, ete. 10.70 per cent protein. Barley Screenings. Washburn Crosby Co.,/One official .sample. In accord Minneapolis, Minn. Composed of barley} with guaranty. Contains some screenings, barley hulls and barley middlings.| seeds of mustard, wild buck- Contains not more than 25 per cent crud! .wheat, dock, lady’s thumb, etc. fiber and not less than 1 pe~ cent fat and 8 per cent protein. Registered in 1918. BEET PULP. Dried Beet Pulp. The Larrowe Milling Co.,/One official sample. In accord Detroit, Michigan. Composed of residue of) with guaranty in protein and sugar beets dried after extraction of sugar.| fiber; practically in accord in Contains not more than 20 per cent crude! fat. Not examined for weed fiber and not less than ™% per cent fat and)! seeds. 8 per cent protein. One official sample. In accord Dried Beet Pulp. Chas. Pope, Riverdale, Cook| with guaranty. Not examined County, Ill. Composed only of residue of) for weed seeds. sugar beets dried after extraction of sugar : Contains not more than 20 per cent crude fiber and not less than % per cent fat anc 8 per cent protein. COMPOUNDED FEEDS FOR CATTLE, HORSES AND SWINE Acme Feed. Acme Evans Co., Indianapolis |One official sample. In accord Ind. Composed of wheat b-an, whet mid | with, guaranty. Contains few dlings and not exceeding mill run of ground cleaned wheat screenings. Contains not morc than 9 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 16 per cent protein. Acme Stock Feed. (om Acme Evans apolis, Ind. Composed of corn: homlik (corn| feed meal), wheat bran, wheat middlings, hominy meal, oat feed, oat hulls, oat mid- dlings and salt. Contains not per cent crude fiber and not less than 3.25) per cent fat and 8.50 per cent protein. Indian One more than 13]. *seeds such as corn cockle, etc. - official sample... .In_ accors with guaranty. No weed seeds noted in sample. Oe Soe ES see 28 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. FEEDING Sturrs—Continued. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. Amco Stock Feed. American Milling Co.. Peoria, Ill. Composed of cottonseed meal corn gluten feed, corn germ meal, corn feed meal, oat shorts, oat middlings, oat hulls. salt. Contains not more than 8 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3.5 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Armour Dairy Feed. Armour Grain Co., 208 So. La Salle St., Chicago, Ill. Composed of gluten feed, corn oil meal, cottonseed meal. linseed oil meal, cocoanut oil meal, wheat bran, oat. shorts, oat middlings, oat hulls.) hominy feed and 1.per cent salt. Contains} not more than 14 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 22 per cent protein. Armour’s Stock Feed. Armour Grain Co., 208 So. La Salle St., Chicago, Il]. Composed of hominy feed, ground corn, ground barley, wheat middlings, oat middlings, oat shorts. oat hulls, cottonseed meal, corn oil meal and 1%4 of 1 per cent salt. Contains not more than 10 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3% per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Bicom Hog Feed. Chapin & Co., Chicago, IIl. Composed of tankage, corn germ meal, wheat middlings, hominy feed, corn feed meal, bar- ley, oats, linseed meal, bone meal, gluten feed and salt. Contains not more than 6 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4.5 per cent fat and 17.5 per cent protein. Big “QO” ‘Dairy Ration. Quaker Oats Co., Chicago, Ill. Composed of cottonseed meal. corn distillers grains, hominy feed, yellow hominy feed, corn gluten feed, old process linseed oil meal, wheat middlings and wheat bran (with ground screenings not exceeding mill run, oatmeal mill by-products), (oat mid- dlings, oat hulls, oat shorts), 1 per cent salt. Contains not more than 10.5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 6 per cent fat and 21 per cent protein. Blatchford’s Calf Meal.. Blatchford Calf Mea! Factory, Waukeegan, Ill. Composed of locus’ bean meal, unpressed flaxseed, wheat flour blood flour,” barley & malt sprout meal ground beans & peas, rice polish, old process oil meal, cocoa shell meal, cocoanut meal recleaned cottonseed meal, fenugreek, dried milk, anise and salt. Contains not more than 6.75 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 24 per cent protein. Blatchford’s Pig Meal. Blatchford Calf Mea! Factory, Waukeegan, Ill. Composed of old process oil meal, barley and malt. sprout meal, oat, corn, locust bean, cottonseed and cocoa shell meals, blood flour, ground beans and peas, unpressed flaxseed, wheat flour. rice’ polish, anise, salt. Contains not more than 7 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 18 per cent protein. Buckeye Feed. Quaker Oats Co. Chicago, Ill Composed of wheat mixed feed with ground screenings not exceeding mill run, and rye middlings. Contains not more than 8.5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4.50 per cent fat and 15.50 per cent protein. One official sample. In __ accord with guaranty in protein and fat; practically in accord in fiber. No weed seeds noted in sample. Three official samples. In _ ac- cord with guaranty in protein. The one examined in accord in fiber and fat. Contains few hulls of wild buckwheat, corn cockle. Two official samples. Both in ac- cord with guaranty in protein; the one examined in accord in fat but slightly above guaranty in crude fiber. No weed seeds noted in samples. One official sample. In accord with guaranty in protein and fot; and slightly above in fiber. No weed seeds noted in sample. One official sample. In accord with guaranty in protein, slight- ly high in fiber and low in fat guaranty. Contains few hulls of wild buckwheat. Two official. samples. In accord with guaranty. No weed seeds noted in sample. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Not examined for weed seeds. Ine official sample. In accord with guaranty in fat and pro- tein, and practically in accord with crude fiber. Contains few weed seeds of mustard, ete. OrriciAL Inspections 92. FEEDING Sturrs—-Concluded. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. Bufceco Creamery Feed. Buffalo Cereal Co.,/Two official samples. Both low Buffalo, N. Y. Composed of ground corn,| in protein, in accord with guar- hominy feed, corn gluten feed, cottonseed) anty in fiber and fat. Contains meal, oat shorts, oat hulls, wheat bran and} few seeds of wild buckwheat wheat middlings (containing mill run ground! and pig weed. screenings), % of 1 per cent salt. Contains not more than 13 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 18 per cent protein. Bufceco Horse Feed. Buffalo Cereal Co., Buf-|One official sample. In accord falo, N. Y. Composed of ground corn, oats with guaranty. No weed seeds. and barley, .hominy feed, oat shorts, oat| noted in sample. hulls, linseed meal, corn gluten feed, wheat middlings (containing mill run ground screen- ings), % of 1 per cent salt. Contains not more than 11 per cent crude fiber and not ~ less than 4 per cent fat and 10 per cent pro- tein. Bufceco Steam Cooked Feed. Buffalo Cereal\One official sample. In accord Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Composed of ground corn| with guaranty. No weed seeds and oats, hominy feed, oat shorts, oat hulls,) noted in sample. ; 14 of 1 per cent salt. Contains not more than - ) 9 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 q per cent fat and 9 per cent protein. { « Bufceco Stock Feed. Buffalo Cereal Co., Buf-|Two official samples. In accord q falo, N. Y. Composed of ground corn, oats| with guaranty. Contains. few and barley, corn gluten feed, hominy feed,} seeds of wild buckwheat... * oat shorts, oat hulls, wheat middlings (con- taining mill run ground screenings), ™%. of 1 per cent salt. Contains not more than 13 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per t cent fat and 10 per cent protein. . q iW Buffalo Corn Gluten Feed. Corn Products Re-|One official sample. In accord i fining Co., 17 Battery Place, N. Y. Composed} with guaranty. No weed seeds | of corn gluten feed. Contains not more than| noted in sample. 8.5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 1 per cent fat and 23 per cent protein. Mass. Composed of oat feed (oat meal mill by-| with guaranty. No weed seeds products, oat shorts, oat middlings, oat hulls),)] noted in sample. hominy or corn meal and % of 1 per cent salt. Contains not more than 16 per cent }} crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and 6 per cent protein. : i Charlestock Feed. Chas. M. Cox Co., Boston,|One official sample. In accord | Clover Leaf Dairy Feed. Clover Leaf Milling|One official sample. In accord Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Composed of cottonseed} with guaranty in protein and = meal, cleaned, ground and bolted grain screen-| fat and practically in accord ings, ground and bolted clipped oat by-prod-| with fiber. Contains many ucts, cocoa shell meal, molasses, and one-| seeds of pigweed, green fox- half of one per cent salt. Contains not more} tail, ete. than 15 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3.5 per cent fat and 13.5 per cent protein. Clover Leaf Stock Feed. Clover Leaf Milling/Two official samples. In accord €o., Buffalo, N. Y. Composed of hominy feed,| with guaranty. No weed seeds corn feed meal, oat meal mill by-products} noted. (oat middlings, oat hulls, oat shorts), wheat middlings with screenings not exceeding mill run, linseed meal and pure old process cocoa- nut meal. Contains not more than 15 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. 30 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Station. 1919. FEEDING. SruFFs—Continued. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIDBS. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. Creamery Cow Feed. Wiscasset Grain Co., Wis-|Three official samples. One in casset, ’ Maine. Composed of ground corn,| accord with guaranty. One } oats and barley products, cottonseed meal,| slightly low in protein and gluten, linseed oil meal, wheat bran, mid-| much too high in fiber and in dlings, and salt. Contains not more than 9] accord in fat. The other sam- per cent crude fiber and ‘not less than 5 per|* ple is also low in protein and a cent fat and 20 per cent protein. high in fiber and in accord in i! fat. No weed seeds noted in i] | sample. ae ‘ ~ : ; Crosby’s Ready Ration. E. Crosby & Co.,/Two official samples. Both sam- Brattleboro, Vt. Composed of distillery dried) ples in accord with guaranty grains, cottonseed meal, oil meal, malt) in protein and fat but one sam- vay sprouts, wheat bran, wheat middlings, hominy.| ple slightly high in fiber. No } 1%4 of 1 per cent salt. Contains not more than| weed seeds noted in one sam- 9 per cent crude fiber and not less than 7) ple. Sample in accord with NW per cent fat and 25 per cent protein. guaranty contains few weed Bit seeds. Daily Dividend Stock Feed. Merrill & MayolOne official sample. Slightly low Co., Waterville, Maine. Composed of wheat.) in protein and fat, high in fiber. middlings, corn meal, hominy, brewers dried| No weed seeds noted in sample. grains, oat meal, mill by-products, oat shorts oat hulls, oat middlings, 1 per cent table sal. Contains not more than 12.75 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Diamond Dairy Feed No. 1. Viehman Grain|One official sample. In accord Co., 72-3. Chamber of Commerce, Minneapolis.| with guaranty in protein and Minn. Composed of ground screening cleaned] fat, practically in accord in out of grains, oat hulls, rice hulls, and flax.| fiber. Contains very many Contains not more than 21 per cent crude] seeds of pigweed, mustard, ete. 1 : fiber and not less than 7 per cent fat and P 11 per cent protein. Diamond Dairy Feed No. 2. Viehman Grain|One official sample. In accord Co., 72-3 Chamber of Commerce, Minneapolis]. with guaranty. Contains very Minn. Composed of ground grain screenings.| many seeds of pigweed, mus- broken flax, broken wheat, seeds, rice feed; tard, etc. and oat feed. Contains not more than 22 per 1H] cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per cen : fat and 8 per cent protein. ti Elm City Dairy Ration. Merrill & Mayo Co.,|One official sample. In accord | Waterville, Maine. Composed of cottonseed| with guaranty in protein, slight- i meal, hominy feed, yellow hominy feed, corr! ly above in fiber and _ slightly. 1 ? distillers grains, and solubles, corn gluten| below in fat. No weed seeds | foods, old process L. O. meal, wheat mid-| noted in sample. i) dlings, and wheat bran with ground screen- 1 ings not exceeding mill run, oat meal mill | by-products, oat middlings, oat hulls, oat i shorts, 1 per cent salt. Contains not more i} than 10.50 per cent crude fiber and not less than 6 per cent fat and 21 per cent protein. Eshelman’s Stock Feed. John W. Eshelman./One official sample. In accord Lancaster, Pa. Composed of oat middlings.| with guaranty in protein and wheat middlings, cottonseed meal, ground} fat, somewhat high in _ fiber. grain screenings, rye middlings, corn meal,| Contains few seeds of pigweed oat hulls and hominy feed. Contains not] and lady’s thumb. more than 11 per- cent crude fiber and noi less than 3 per cent fat and 10 per cent pro- tein. | Fairybow. Sheffield-King Milling Co., Minne-|One official sample. In accord apolis, Minn. Composed of standard mid-| with guaranty. Contains some dlings, wheat product and pulverized wheat| seeds of false flax, pigweed, screenings. Contains not more than 9.5 per| etc. cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 15 per cent protein. eee eee eee a wa. . OFFrictaAL INSPECTIONS 92. 31 D FrepiInGc Sturrs—+Continued. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. Farmers’ Union C & O Feed. Farmers’ Unior|One official sample. In accord Grain & Supply Co., Waterville, Maine. Com-| with guaranty in protein, slight- posed of whole corn and whole oats ground) ly low in fat and somewhat together half and half. Contains not moie|} high in fiber. Contains few than 6 per cent crude fiber and not less than] hulls of wild buckwheat. 4 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. ‘ Farmers’ Union Ready Ration, Farmers’ Unior|One official sample. In accord Grain & Supply Co., Waterville, Maine. Com-| with guaranty. Contains few posed of corn distillers grains, cottonseed] seeds of wild buckwheat, ete. meal, linseed meal, corn gluten, hominy wheat bran, barley, malt sprouts, brewers grains, -salt. Contains not more than 9-1 per cent crude fiber and not less than 6-; per cent fat and 25-26 per cent pzotein. Farmers’ Union Stock Feed. Farmers’ Union|One official sample. In accord Grain & Supply Co., Waterville, Maine. Com-| with guaranty. Contains few posed of corn meal, hominy, dry brewers! seeds of wild buckwheat. grains, wheat bran, oat meal, mill by-prod ucts (oat hulls, oat middlings, and oat skorts) salt. Contains not more than 12 per cen’ crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Go-Tu-It Hog Ration. The Park & Pollard Co. |Two official samples. In accord Boston, Mass. Composed of cocoanut oil! with guaranty. No weed seeds meal, velvet bean feed, peanut feed, rice} noted in samples. bran, old process linseed meal, alfalfa meal hominy meal, oat hulls, oat middlings, oat _shorts, fish, meat, bone, corn meal, corn germ meal, wheat middlings, salt, calcium hydrox ide and calcium carbonate. Contains not more than 13 per cent crude fiber and not less than 6 per cent fat and 15 per cent pro- jweulsal, “Gold Mine” Feed. The Sheffield King Millingj)One official sample. In accord Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Composed of bran) with guaranty. Contains some shorts, low grade flour, wheat product and! hulls of corn cockle. pulverized wheat screenings. Contains no: more than 9.90 per cent crude fiber and noi less than 4.5 per cent fat and 15 per cent protein. i a Ne Grandin’s Stock Food. The D. H. Grandin Mill-|One official sample. In accord ing Co., Jamestown, N. Y. Composed of fine! with guaranty in protein and white hominy feed, corn feed meal, corn glu-| fiber, fat not determined Con- ten feed, oat meal mill by-products, (oat mid-| tains few seeds of wild buck- dlings, oat hulls, oat shorts), and salt. Con-| wheat. tains not more than 14 per cent crude fiber ‘and not less than 5 per cent fat and 9 per cent protein. ! Grandin’s Twin Six Dairy Feed. The D. H.jOne official sample. In accord Grandin Milling Co., Jamestown, N. Y. Com-| with guaranty. Contains few posed of linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal,) hulls of wild buckwheat corn gluten feed, rice bran, wheat bran, wheat) middlings, alfalfa meal, hominy feed, corn) feed meal, wheat middlings with palm _ oil,| red dog flour and a small percentage of salt.| Contains not more than 13.5 per cent of crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 22 per cent protein. G._M. Dairy Ration. Gray Milling Co., East One official sample. In accord Gray, Me. Composed of corn distillers grains,| with guaranty. Contains few wheat bran, gluten feed, cottonseed meal,| hulls of wild buckwheat barley feed, oil meal and salt. Contains not i more than 12 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 25 per cent pro- tein. eel RR TENET GATS, WETS. SITCIE ATC OUITA Gil ATi DTW GS elisa] Set Eus la CaP RIOT eee ee 32 Maine. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. FEEDING Sturrs—Continued. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. The Gwinn Milling Co.,| mid-| mill cent Dairy Feed. Ohio. Composed of bran and screenings not exceeding run. Contains not more than 11 per crude fiber and not less than 4 per fat and 14 per cent protein. H. H. Ground Feed: E. T. Ham, Maine. Composed of ground oats, Contains not more than 5.5 per Gwinn’s Columbus, | dlings with Lewiston, corn meal. 10.5 per cent protein. H. O. Algrane Milk Feed. The H. O. Co., 54 Fulton St., Buffalo, N. Composed of cot- tonseed meal, linseed oil meal, corn gluten feed, ground corn, wheat middlings, (with mill run screenings), ground barley, molas- ses, salt % of 1 per cent, oat hulls, oat shorts, and oat clippings, not over 600 pounds per ton. Contains not more than 15 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 14 per cent protein. H.. O. New England Stock Feed. The H-O Co., 54 Fulton St., Buffalo, N. Y. Composed of ground barley, ground corn, hominy feed linseed oil meal, wheat middlings, (with mill run screenings), molasses, salt % of 1 per cent, oat hulls and oat shorts, not over 500 pounds per ton. Contains not more than 9.75 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 9.5 per cent protein. Haskell’s Stock Feed. W. H. Haskell & Co., 136 Nebraska Ave., Toledo, Ohio. Composed of ground corn, ground oats, hominy feed, oat hulls, oat shorts, and salt. Contains not more than 9 per cent crude fiber and not less than 6 per cent fat and 9 per cent protein. Feed. Indiana Milling Co., Terre Ind. Composed of wheat bran with screenings not exceeding mill run- cob meal. Contains not more than 16 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and 12 per cent protein. Holstein Haute, ground Iowa Dairy Feed. Purity Oats Co. of Daven- port, Davenport, Iowa. Composed of cotton- seed meal, corn meal, hominy feed, brewers dried grains, oat meal, mill by-products (oat shorts, oat hulls, oat middlings) and 1 per cent of table salt. Contains not more than 14 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4.5 per cent fat and 16-per cent protein. Iowa Stock Feed. Purity Oats Co. of Daven- port, Davenport, Iowa. Composed of corn meal, wheat middlings, hominy feed, brewer’s dried grains, oat meal, mill by-products (oat hulls, oat shorts, oat middlings) and 1 per cent table salt. Contains not more than 12.75 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Kehlor’s Mill Feed. Kehlor Flour Mills Co., St. Louis, Missouri. Composed of pure wheat bran and brown middlings run together with ground screenings not exceeding mill run of 8 per cent. Contains not more than -8 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 15 per cent protein. cent) cent crude} fiber and not less than 4.5 per cent fat and| RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. official sample. In accord guaranty. Contains few of chess and corn cockle. One with seeds One official sample. Slightly low in protein and fat and high in fiber. Contains few seeds of mustard. sample. In accord with guaranty in protein and fiber, slightly low in fat. No weed seeds noted in sample. One _ official One official sample. In accord with guaranty in protein and fiber, slightly low in fat. No weed seeds noted in sample. One official sample. In _ accord with guaranty in protein and fiber, slightly low in fat. No weed seeds noted. One official sample. Low in pro- tein. Just up in fat. Well un- der in fiber. Contains few seeds of pigweed, etc. One official sample. In _ accord with guaranty. No weed seeds noted in sample. One official sample. In_ accord with guaranty. No weed seeds noted in sample. official guaranty high in seeds of pigweed, sample. In accord in protein and fiber. Contains night-flowering etc. One with fat, few catchfly, rant. Ohio Farm Feed. The Ansted & Burk Co., OrFiciAL INSPECTIONS 92. 33 FEEDING StTruFFsS—Continued. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. | | Kent Mixed Feed. The Williams Brothers Co., Kent, Ohio. Composed of pure bran and mid- dlings mixed. No ground screenings. Con-| tains not more than 10 per cent crude fiber} and not less than 2 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Lactola Dairy Feed. Chapin & Co., Hammond, Indiana. Composed of choice cottonseed meal,| linseed meal, corn distillers’ grains, clipped| oat by-product, corn gluten feed, corn germ) meal, brewers’ grains, ivory nut meal, cane) molasses, salt. Contains not more than 12} per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per} cent “fat and 16.5 per cent protein. Larro Feed. The Larrowe Milling Co., Detroit, Michigan. Composed of cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, old process linseed oil meal,| dried beet pulp, standard wheat bran, stan- dard wheat middlings, and 34 of 1 per cent salt. Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain ground screenings not exceeding mill run. Contains not more than 14 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and 20 per cent protein. Loyal Stock Feed. Purity Oats Co. of Daven-} port, Davenport, Iowa. Composed of gluten, corn feed meal, hominy feed, oat meal mill by-product (oat shorts, oat hulls, oat mid- dlings) and 1 per cent salt. Contains not more than 14 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 10 per cent pro- tein. Lucky Strike Stock Feed. Illinois Feed Mills, Buffalo, N. Y. Composed of hominy feed. wheat middlings, cottonseed meal, ground corn meal from shelled corn, oat middlings, oat shorts, oat hulls, ground cottonseed hulls, salt. Contains not more than 15 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and 11 per cent protein. Nu-Life Stock Feed. Fred L. Cressey, Boston, Mass. Composed of white corn meal, oat feed, oil meal, salt. Contains not more than 12 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 9 per cent protein. Springfield, | Ohio. Composed of one-half wheat, middlings, one-third corn bran and corn meal, balance wheat bran and ground and cleaned wheat screenings not to exceed mill run. Contains not more than 8 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 11 per cent protein. Orono Dairy Feed. J. B. Ham Co., Lewiston, Maine. Composed of wheat bran, hominy, gluten feed, linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal. distillers grains and salt. Contains not more than 10 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 22 per cent protein. Two official samples. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. ) In accord with guaranty. Contains some hulls of corn cockle. One official sample. In _ accord with guaranty. No weed seeds noted in sample. In accord weed seeds Two official samples. with guaranty. No noted in samples. Two official samples. Both in accord with guaranty. No weed seeds noted in samples. Two official samples. In _ accord with guaranty in protein and fat. The one examined high in fiber. No weed seeds noted in samples. One official sample. In accord with guaranty in protein and fiber, low in fat. Contains few seeds of giant ragweed, ete. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains few hulls of corn cockle. One official sample. In accord with guaranty in protein, high in fiber and low in fat. Con- tains few seeds of mustard and lady‘s thumb. Peerless Milk 34 Martner AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. FEEDING StTurFsS—Continued. ——— BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. Paragon Dairy Feed. Chas. M. Cox Co., Bos- ton, Mass. Composed of cottonseed meal, linseed meal, bran, distillers grain, gluten feed, copra meal, barley mill run screenings, oat feed, (oat middlings, oat shorts, oat hulls), and not over 1 per cent salt. Contains not more than 14 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 22 per cent pro- tein. Park City Stock Feed. The Lake Erie Milling Co., Toledo, Ohio. Composed of corn, oats, oat groats, oat middlings, oat ‘hulls, corn meal offal and % of 1 per cent salt. Con- tains not more than 9 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3% per cent fat and 8 per cent protein. Peerless Dairy, Ration. E. A. Clark & Co., Portland, Maine. Composed of ground oats. hominy, linseed meal, bran, gluten, cotton- seed meal, salt. Contains. not more than 10 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 21 per cent protein. Ration. Clover Leaf Milling Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Composed of cottonseed meal, pure old process cocoanut meal, linseed meal, dried grains from barley, malt and corn ground and bolted clipped oat by-products, cleaned, ground and bolted grain screenings, molasses, and one-half of one per cent salt. Contains not more than 12 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 20 per cent protein. Portage Stock Feed. Akron Feed & Milling Co., Akron, Ohio. Composed of either white or yellow shelled corn, barley, oat shorts oat hulls, wheat middlings, oat middlings and Y% of one per cent salt. Contains not more than 10 per cent’ crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 8.5 to 10 per cent protein. ' Purina Cow Chow Feed. Purina Mills, Rals- ton Purina Co., Prop., Buffalo, N. Y. Com posed of linseed oil meal, (old process), glu ten feed from corn, hominy feed, cottonseed meal, ground alfalfa, molasses and one per cent salt. ‘Contains not more than 12° per cent crude fiber and not less than 4.8 per cent fat and 24 per cent protein. Purina O-Molene Feed. Purina Mills, Ralston Purina Co., Prop., Buffalo, N. Y. Composed of cracked corn, oats, ground alfalfa, molas- ses and one per cent salt. Contains not more than 8.8 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3.2 per cent fat and 8.7 per’ cent protein. Purina Pig Chow with Charcoal. Purina Mills, Ralston “Purina (€o:;;. Prop), Buffalo). Ni oY. Composed of hominy feed, cane molasses, glu- ten feed from corn, digester tankage, alfalfa, charcoal and one per cent salt.’ Contains not more than 9 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3.2 per cent fat and 14 per cent protein. One official sample. In accord with guaranty in protein. Not examined for fiber and _ fat. Contains few seeds of wild buckwheat, mustard, ete. One official sample. In accord with guaranty in protein. Slight- ly low in fat and high in fiber. Contains few seeds of wild buckwheat, lady’s thumb, ete. One’ official sample. Low in pro- tein, high in fiber. Barely up in fat. Contains few seeds of wild buckwheat. and mustard. Many hulls of wild buckwheat. In accord in protein and fat, high in fiber. Contains some seeds of pigweed, few of mustard, wild buckwheat, etc. One with official sample. guaranty One official sample. In. accord with guaranty in protein, low in fat and high in fiber. No weed seeds noted in sample. One official sample. In accord . with guaranty in protein and fiber, 1 per cent low in fat. No weed seeds noted in sample. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains few seeds of yellow foxtail,' lady’s thumb, ete. Two official samples. Both in accord with guaranty in ‘pro- tein and fat; one sample high in fiber and the other sample not examined for fiber. Con- tains few seeds of pigweed and- mustard. OrriciAL INSPECTIONS 92. FEEDING Sturrs—Continued. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. Purity Reground Oat Hulls. Purity Oats Co. of Davenport, Davenport, Iowa. Composed o! oat middlings, oat shorts and oat hul's. Con tains not more than 32.65 per cent of crude fibe- and not less than 2.71 per cent fat anc 6.;3 per cent p-otein. Ryde’s Cream Calf Meal. Ryde & Co., Chicago Tll. Composed of ground flaxseed, wheat flour, locust bean meal, recleaned cottonseed meal, blood flour, beans and lentils, coco- shell meal, kominy feed, fenugreek, anise and salt. Contains not more than 6 per cent erude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 25 per cent protein. Schumacher Calf Meal. The Querke- Oats Co. Chicago, Ill. Composed of oatmeal, wheat meal, ground flaxseed, milk albumen, old process linseed. oil meal, blood meal, % of 1 per cent bicarbonate of soda. Contains no‘ more than 4 per cent crude fiber and not less than 8 per cent fat and 18 per cent pro- tein. Schumacher’s Feed and Sterling Feed. The Quaker Oats Co., Chicago, Ill. Composed of g-ound corn, hominy feed, yellow hominy feed. linseed cil meal, ground barley, wheat middlings, (with ground screenings not ex- ceeding mill run) cottonseed meal, oatmeal! mill by-product (oat middlings, oat hulls, oat skorts) ground puffed rice, ground puffed wheat, calcium phosphate, % of 1 per cent salt, rye flour. Contains not moze than 10 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3.25 pe: cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Secu-ity Calf Food Compound. Security Calf Feed Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Composed cf St. John’s Bread, fenugreek, anise, oxide iron, salt, starch, ginzer, flour, middlings. powdered milk. Contains not more than € per cent crude fiber and not less than 4.5 per cent fat and 9.8 per cent protein. Stevens 44 Dairy Ration. The Pa-k & Pollard Co., Boston, Mass. Composed of linseed oi! meal, cottonseed meal, wheat bran with mil run of screenings, corn glu’en feel, cocoanut oil meal, pea meal, corn distillers’ grains brewers’ dried grains, round barley, whea middlings, hominy meal, corn germ meal buckwheat middlings, corn meal, salt. Con tains not moe than 14 per cent crtde fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 24 pe cent protein. Stock Feed. The Park & Pollard Co., Boston Mass. Composed of sround corn, hominy feed, oat hulls, oat middlings, oat shor’s, old process linseed, meal and salt. Contains no more than 12 per cent crude fiber and no less than 1% per cent fat and 9 per cen’ protein. Stott's Winrer Feed. David Stoit Fou Mills Inc., Detroit, Mich. Composed cf corn, corn feed meal, oats, oat meal by-p-educts (014 hulls and chaff) salt. Contains - not moc than 10 per cent crude fiber and not, less than 5 per cent fat and 10 fer cent. protein. RESULTS Of EXAMINATION, One official sample. In accord with guaranty in fiber, low in protein and slightly low in fat. Contains few hulls of wild buck- wheat. One official sample. In _ accord with guaranty in protein and fat, high in fiber. Not exam- ined for weed seeds. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Not examined for weed seeds. Three official samples. One in accord with guaranty. One in accord with guaranty in protein and fat, practically in accord in fiber. The other sample on- ly examined for protein, and- is in accord with guaranty. Con- tains many seeds of pigweed, night-flowering catchfly, wild buckwheat, etc. One official sample. In _ accord with guaranty. No weed seeds noted in sample. Two official samples. One in ac- cord with guaranty. The other determined for protein and is practically in accord with guar- anty in that. No weed seeds noted in samples. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains -few hulls of wild buckwheat. Two official samples. One in ac- cord with guaranty. The other only examined for protein and slightly below. Both contain few seeds of lady’s thumb, corn cockle, ete. a = a —_— i 36 Marine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919, FEEDING Strurrs—Continued. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. Syragold Milk Ration. Syracuse Milling Co. |One official sample. In accord Syracuse, N. Y. Composed of dried brewe’s| with guaranty in protein and grains, malt sprouts, corn gluten feed, lin-| fat, high in fiber. Contains ‘seed meal, wheat bran with mill run screen-| few seeds of yellow foxtail, ings, cottonseed meal, ground cottonseed hulls} lady’s thumb, ete. and salt. Contains not more than 15 per cen crude fiber and not less than 4% per cen fat and 20 per cent protein. Towle’s Balanced Ration. J. N. Towle & Co.,/One official sample. * Low in pro- Bangor, Maine. Composed of wheat bran,| tein. high in fiber; in accord cottonseed meal, old process linseed meal,| in fat. Contains few seeds of hominy meal, corn meal, gluten feed, salt.| mustard, corn cockle, ete. Contains not more than 9.13 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5.72 per cent fa’ and 22.13 per cent protein. Towle’s Pig Feed. J. N. Towle & Co., Ban-|One official sample. Slightly low gor, Maine. Composed of wheat bran, whea*|} in protein. up in fat, slightly middlings, old process linseed meal, hominy| high in fiber. Contains some meal, corn meal, meat meal. Contains not) hulls of corn cockle. more than 7.22 per cent crude fiber and no less than 6 per cent fat and 18 per cent pro tein. Triangle Dairy Feed. Chapin & Co., Chicago |Two official samples. Both in Ill. Composed of linseed 1reil, cottonsee1| accord with guaranty. No weed meal, gluten feed, corn germ meal, copr-| seeds noted in samples. meal, hominy meal, oat meal mill by-prod ucts (oat meal middlings, oat hus, oat shorts) ground barley, salt. Contains not more than 12 per cent crude fiber and no less than 4 per cent fat and 21 per cent pro tein. Unicorn Dairy Ration. Chapin & Co., Chicags, One official sample. In. accord Ill. Composed of corn distillers’ grains, cot-, with guaranty. Contains few tonseed meal, linseed meal, hominy meal,’ seeds of lady’s thumb. gluten feed, barley feed, corn germ wme2l, copra meal, brewers’ grains, pure wheat ban, salt. Contains not more than 11 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5.5 pe: cent fat and 26 per cent protein. | | Union Grains Ubiko Biles Ready Dairy Ration..Two official samples. In accord The Ubiko Milling Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.| with guaranty in protein and Composed of Fourex corn distillers dried) fat and _ practically in accord grains, choice cottonseed meal, old process| in fiber. Contains few seeds of linseed meal, white wheat middlings, winter) wild buckwheat and _ charlock. wheat, bran, hominy meal, cocoanut oil meal,| corn gluten feed, brewers’ died grains, bar-| ley malt sprouts, and one-half per cent of!) fine table salt. Contains not more than 10! per cent crude fiber and not less than 7 per cent fat and 24 per cent protein. Wirthmore Pig Feed. Chas. M. Cox Co., Bos One official sample. In accord ton, Mass. Composed of meat meal, peanu| with guaranty in protein and feed, wheat middlings, wkeat bran, linseed| fat, practically in accord in fi- meal, ground hominy, ground alfalfa and! ber. No weed seeds noted in about % of 1 per cent salt. Contains not] sample. more than 16 per cent crude fibe- and not| less than 5 per cent fat and 18 per cent pro- tein. Wirthmore Stock Feed. Chas. M. Cox Co.,/One official sample. In accord Boston, Mass. Composed of ground barley,) with guaranty. No weed seeds ground oats, ground hominy meal, ground) noted in sample. corn, oat meal, mill by-products (oat mid- dlings, oat shorts, oat hulls) and % of 1 per cent salt. Part of the ingredients having been cooked or steamed, and, more easily as- simulated than raw grains, and have _ better keeping qualities. Contains not more than 91% per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 9 per cent protein. ; OrriciAL Inspections 92. 37 FEEDING Sturrs—Continued. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTINS. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. Zenith Stock Food. E. Crosby & Co., Brattle- boro, Vt. Composed of corn, homlik (corn feed meal) hominy feed, oat feed, oat hulls, oat middlings. Contains not more than 13 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3% per cent fat and 8% per cent protein. Three official samples. One sam- ple slightly low in protein and slightly high in fiber and in accord with guaranty in fat. Other two samples in accord with guaranty. No weed seeds noted in samples. COMPOUNDED FEEDS FO R POULTRY. Baby Buster Chick Feed. The Park & Pollard Co., 131 State St., Boston, Mass. Composed of cracked corn, wheat, kaffir corn, milo, whole millet seed, oats and shredded fish. Contains not more than 5 per ‘cent crude fiber and not less than 2 per cent fat and 11 per cent protein. Blatchford’s Milk Mash. Blatchford Calf Meal Factory, Waukeegan, III. Composed of lo- cust bean meal, unpressed flaxseed, wheat flour, barley and malt sprout meal, blood flour, ground beans and peas, rice polish, old process oil meal, cocoa shell meal, cocoanut meal, recleaned cottonseed meal, fenugreek, dried milk, anise and salt. Also bone, corn and oatmeals, wheat middlings, meat scraps, fish and powdered limestone. Contains not more than 7% per cent crude fiber and not| less than 4 per cent fat and 20 per cent pro-| tein. Blue Ribbon Growing Mash. Globe Elevator Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Composed of wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn meal, corn gluten feed, ground oats, meat meal, ground bone. Con- tains not more: than 6 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and 16 per cent protein. Bufceco Laying Mash. Buffalo Cereal Co., Buf- falo, N. Y. Composed of ground corn, oats wheat, linseed meal, alfalfa meal, oat mid- dlings, meat and bone scrap, wheat bran and wheat middlings (containing mill run ground screenings) % of 1 per cent salt. Contains not more than 8 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 20 per cent pro- tein. Bufceco Scratching Grains. Buffalo Cereal Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Composed of corn, oats, bar- ley, buckwheat, kaffir corn, wheat, sunflower seed and peas. Contains not more than 5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Chkic-Chuck. Russia Cement Co., Gloucester, Mass. Composed of pure, clean, sweet fish meal, prepared exclusively from. wholesome food fish, as cod, haddock and pollock. Con- tains not more than 1 per cent crude fiber, 50 per cent protein and 2 per cent fat. Cluck Cluck Scratch Feed. American Milling Co., Peoria, Ill. Composed of wheat, corn kaffr, buckwheat, barley, oats, sunflower seed. Contains not more than 5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 2.5 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. One official sample. Slightly be- low guaranty in protein. In ac- cord with guaranty in fiber and fat. Contains few seeds. of wild buckwheat and mustard. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Not examined for weed seeds. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains few hulls of wild buckwheat. Two official samples. In accord with guaranty. Contains few seeds and hulls of wild buck- wheat. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains some weed. seeds One _ official sample. In accord with guaranty. Not examined for weed seeds. One official sample. In‘ accord with guaranty. Contains very many weed seeds of ‘various kinds. 38 MaInE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. FrEeDING StTruFFs—Continued. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. Crosby’s. Developing Feed. E. Crosby & Co., Brattleboro, Vt. Composed of corn, wheat kaffr corn, hulled oats, millet, buckwheat Contains not more than 5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 2.5 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Crosby’s Egg Mash. FE. Crosby & Co., Brattle- boro, Vt. Composed of alfalfa meal, bran, middlings, wheat meal, corn feed meal, ground corn bran, linseed oil cake, meat scraps, salt YZ of 1 per cent. Contains not more than 10 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and 16 per cent protein. Crosby’s Scratch Feed. E. Crosby & Co., Brat- tleboro, Vt. Composed of corn, wheat, barley | oats, kafhr corn, buckwheat, sunflower seed and oil cake. Contains not more than 5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 2.5 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Dirigo Egg Mash. Oscar Holway Co., Auburn, Maine. Composed of alfalfa meal, bran, mid- dlings, wheat meal, corn feed meal, ground corn, linseed meal, meat scraps, salt % of 1 per cent. Contains not more than 10 per cent crude fiber and not less than 2.5 per cent fat and 11 per cent protein. Chick Feed. Oscar Hol- Maine. Composed of corn, corn, hulled oats, buckwheat and millet. Contains not more than 5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 2.5 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Dirigo Intermediate way Co., Auburn, wheat, kaffhr Dirigo Scratch Grains. Oscar. Holway Co., Auburn, Maine. Composed. of wheat, kaffir corn, barley, or cracked Indian corn, buck- wheat and sunflower seed. Contains not more than 5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 2.5 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Dry Feed. J. N. Towle & Co., Bangor, Maine. Composed of wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn meal, meat scraps, old process linseed meal. Contains not more than 0 per cent fiber and not less than 10 per cent fat and 20 per cent protein. Dry, Mashs je eB Ham iGo: Maine. wheat Lewiston, Composed of corn meal, ground oats, bran, wheat middlings, linseed meal, meat scraps, charcoal and alfalfa. Contains not more than 12 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3.5 per cent fat and 15 per cent protein. Elm City Laying Mash. Merrill & Mayo Co., Waterville, Maine. Composed of wheat bran, wheat middlings, alfalfa meal, corn brain. corn feed meal, L. meal, meat scraps, % of 1 per cent salt. Contains not more than 10 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent of fat and 15 per cent protein. Elm City Scratch. Merrill & Mayo Co., Wa- terville, Maine. Composed of corn, wheat. barley, oats, kaffir corn, buckwheat, sunflowe: oil cake. Contains not more than 5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 2.5 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains few seeds of green foxtail and chess. In accord No weed seeds One __ official sample. with guaranty. noted in sample. \One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains few weed seeds including wild buck- wheat, pigweed, etc. One official sample. In _ accord with guaranty. Contains few weed seeds such as hulls of corn cockle, etc. One official sample. In accord | with guaranty. Contains few seeds of green foxtail and yel- low foxtail. ‘One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains some weed seeds such as wild buck- wheat, etc. ‘One official sample. Low in pro- | tein and fat. Not branded as to | fiber. No weed seeds noted in | sample. One official sample. In accord in protein and fat; too high in fiber. Contains few seeds of yellow foxtail. In accord No weed seeds One official sample. with guaranty. noted in sample. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains some weed seeds such as wild buck- wheat, etc. Farmers’ Garland Scratch Feed. Grandin’s Scratch Feed. H OrriciAL Inspections 92. 39 FEEDING Sturrs—Continued. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. Elmore Egg Mash. Elmore Milling Company,|One official sample. In_ accord Oneonta, N. Y. Composed of corn meal, rolled| with guaranty. No weed seeds oats, ground barley, wheat flour middlings, noted in sample. wheat bran, hominy feed, corn’ gluten feed, alfalfa meal, old process oil meal, meat and bone meal, salt. Contains not more than 8 per cent crude fiber and not les than 4 per cent fat and 18 per cent protein. Union Scratch Feed, Farmers’ Union Grain & Supply Co., Waterville, Maine. Com- posed of wheat ckd., corn, barley, buckwheat, oats, kaffir corn. Contains not more than 5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3.5 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Ful-O-Pep Growing Mash. The Quaker Oats Co., Chicago, Ill. Composed of meat scraps, oatmeal, fish meal, corn gluten feed, hominy feed, yellow hominy feed, wheat bran (with ground screenings not exceeding mill run) al- falfa meal, bone’ meal, ground puffed wheat, ground corn puffs. Contains not more than 9 per cent crude. fiber and not less than 5.2 per cent fat and 17 per cent protein. G. M. Dry Mash. Gray Milling Co. East Gray, Me. Composed of wheat bran, wheat mid- dlings, barley feed, corn meal, alfalfa meal, ground oats, gluten feed, cottonseed feed, meat scraps and salt. Contains not more than 12 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 20 per cent protein. Prairie State Milling Co., 4554 Lexington St., Chicago, Il]. Com- posed of cracked corn, wheat, kaffir corn, bar- ley, oats, buckwheat,’ and sunflower seed. Contains not more than 5 per cent crude fi- ber and not less than 2.5 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Globe Scratch Feed. The Albert Dickinson Co., Chicago, Ill. Composed of corn, wheat, bar- ley, oats, kaffir, buckwheat, sunflower, lin- seed oil cake. Contains not more than 5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 2.5 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. The D. H. Grandin Milling Co., Jamestown, N. Y. Composed of _wheat, cracked corn, kaffir corn, milo maize. barley, buckwheat, and sunflower seed. Con- tains not more than 5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 2.5 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Greene’s “First Feed.’ Greene Chick Feed Co., Marblehead, Mass. Composed of white corn, yellow corn germ meal, shredded cod fish, hulled oats, dried buttermilk, entire wheat, cod livers, oil meal, gluten meal, flax screen- ings, dried blood, shell lime, fine ground meat and bone scraps. Contains not more than 7 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and 17 per cent protein. . ©. Laying Mash. The H-O Company, 54 Fulton St., Buffalo, N. Y. Composed of lin- seed oil meal, corn gluten feed, bone meal, ground corn, oat middlings, wheat middlings and wheat bran (with mill run screenings), hominy feed, rolled oats, ground peas. Con- tains not more than 6 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4.5 per cent fat and 17 per cent protein. One official sample. Slightly low in fat, in accord with guaranty in fiber and protein. Contains some weed seeds such as chess, mustard, etc. One official sample. In _ accord with guaranty in protein. Fi- ber and fat not determined. No weed seeds noted in sample. One official sample. In accord with guaranty in fiber; 1.37 per cent low in protein and _ slight- ly low, in fat. No weed seeds noted in sample. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains many seeds of wild buckwheat, few of mustard, chess and corn coc- kle. One official sample. In accord with. guaranty. Contains few seeds of wild buckwheat and mustard. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains some weed seeds such as wild buck- wheat, etc. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains very many seeds of green fox-tail, pigweed, etc. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains some hulls of wild buckwheat. 40 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Station. 1919. FEEDING STuFFs—Continued. = — $= BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. H. O. Co.’s Laying Mash with Alfalfa. The/One official sample. In accord H-O Co., 54 Fulton St., Buffalo, N. Com-| with guaranty. Contains few posed of alfalfa meal, linseed oil meal, corn} seeds of mustard and pigweed. gluten feed, bone meal, oat middlings, rolled oats, ground corn, hominy feed, ground wheat, wheat bran (with mill run screenings). Con- tains not more than 11 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3.5 per cent fat and 18 per cent protein. H. O. Co’s Scratching Feed. The H-O Co., 54. One official sample. In _.accord Fulton St., Buffalo, N. Y. Composed of wheat,| with guaranty in protein and oats, kaffr corn, buckwheat, hulled oats,| fiber, fat not determined. Con- cracked corn, milo maize,’ barley, sunflower| tains many weed seeds such as seed. Contains not more than 6 per cent} wild buckwheat, mustard, ete. of crude fiber and not less than 3.5 per cent fat and 11 per cent protien. Towa Scratch Feed. (With and without grit).|One official sample. In accord trod uois Chick Feed. nog ts Scratching Grains. Purity Oats Co. of Davenport, Davenport, Iowa. Composed of cracked corn, buckwheat hulled oats, kaffir corn or milo maize, barley, wheat and sunflower seed. Contains not more than 5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3.25 per cent fat and’10 per cent protein. ~ Buffalo Cereal Co., Buf- Composed of corn, wheat, kaffir corn, peas, oat groats and millet. Contains not more than 3 per cent crude fiber and not less than 2 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. falo, Buffalo Cereal Co., Buffalo, Y. Composed of corn, oats, bar- ley, kaffir corn, buckwheat, wheat, sunflower seed. Contains not more than 5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Lay or Bust (Dry Mash). The Park & Pollard Co., 131 State St., Boston, Mass. Composed of ground: corn, wheat, oats, barley, kaffir corn, buckwheat, alfalfa, fish, meat, bone and wheat bran with mill run of _ screenings, wheat middlings, calcium carbonate and salt. Contains not more than 12 per cent crude fiber and not less than 1% per cent of fat and 18 per cent protein. 5 Maxim’s Dry Mash. D. H. Maxim Estate, Winthrop, Maine. Composed of corn meal. ground oats, wheat bran, wheat middlings gluten, oil meal, alfalfa, cottonseed meal, meat meal and charcoal. Contains not more than 12 per cent crude fiber and not less Monmouth Dry Mash. than 4.5 per cent fat and 18 per cent protein. 13. IML Marks, Mon- mouth, Maine. Composed of corn meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, ground oats, ground offals, beef scraps, gluten feed, stock feed, cottonseed meal. Contains not more than & per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 18 per cent protein. Onondago Scratch Feed. Syracuse Milling Co., Syracuse, N. | Composed of corn, kaffir corn, milo maize, wheat, barley, buckwheat, oats, and sunflower seed. Contains not more than 10 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and 9 per cent protein. Contains many as wild buck- with guaranty. weed seeds such wheat, corn cockle, ete. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains some weed seeds such as wild buck- wheat; ete. One official sample. In accord with guaranty in protein and fiber, slightly low in fat. Con- tains some weed seeds such as lady’s thumb, ete. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains few weed seeds. One official sample. In accord with guaranty in fiber and fat, practically in accord in protein. Contains few seeds of pigweed. Few hulls of buckwheat. One official sample. Low in pro- tein and fat; very high in fiber. No weed seeds noted in sample. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains some weed seeds of mustard, wild buckwheat, etc. OrriciAL Inspections 92. 41 CIS Tg I FEEDING Sturrs——Continued. 4 BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIDS. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. Over the Top Scratch Feed. The Park & Poll-|One official sample. In accord ard Co., 131 State St., Boston, Mass. Com-| with guaranty. Contains many posed of cracked corn, wheat, buckwheat,| weed seeds such as_ ragweed, barley, oats, kaffir corn, milo and sunflower| mustard, etc. seed. Contains not more than 5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 1% per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Park & Pollard’s Growing Feed. The Park &/One official sample. In accord Pollard Co., 131 State St., Boston, Mass. Com-| with guaranty. No weed seeds posed of Ground: corn, wheat, oats, barley,| noted in sample. kafhr corn, buckwheat, alfalfa, meat, bone} and wheat bran with mill run of screenings, wheat middlings, calcium carbonate and salt. Contains not more than 8 per cent crude fiber and not less than 1.5 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Park & Pollard’s Intermediate Chick Feed. The/One official sample. In accord Park & Pollard Co., 131 State St., Boston,| with guaranty. Contains few Mass. Composed of cracked corn, wheat, | weed seeds stich as corn cockle, buckwheat, oats, millet seed, kaffir corn and| Wild peppergrass, etc. milo. Contains not more than 5 per cent : crude fiber and not less than 1.5 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Peerless Baby Chick Feed. E. A. Clark & Co.,/One, official sample. Protein Portland, Maine. Composed of cracked wheat.) Slightly low, in accord with~ hulled oats, cracked kaffir, cracked corn, and) SUaranty in fiber and fat. Con- : millet seed. Contains not more than 5 per| taims many weed seeds. cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per‘ cent } fat and 12 per cent protein. ; Peerless Poultry Mash. E. A. Clark & Co.,/One. official sample. Low in pro- 4 Portland, Maine. Composed of ground oats,| tein. In accord in fat and § fish meal, corn, alfalfa, bran, middlings, glu-| practically in accord in fiber. ; ten meat meal, charcoal and salt. Contains| Contains few seeds of wild buck- 3 not more than 9 per cent crude fiber and| wheat and mustard. 3 not less than 4 per cent fat and 20 per cent F protein. x Peerless Scratch Feed. E. A. Clark & Co.,/One official sample. In accord € Portland, Maine. Composed of cracked corn,) With guaranty. Contains very q wheat, oats, buckwheat, barley, kaffir and| many seeds of corn cockle, wild . sunflower seed. Contains not more than 5| buckwheat, ete. 4 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per y, cent fat and 10 per cent protein. i Pontiac Scratch Feed. The Park & Pollard Co.,\One official. sample. In accord 131 State St., Boston, Mass. Composed of} With guaranty. Contains few cracked corn, wheat, barley, buckwheat, oats,| Seeds of wild buckwheat, ete. kaffir corn and milo. Contains not more than 5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 1% per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Portland Poultry Feed. Portland) Rendering|One official sample. Slightly low Co., Portland, Maine. Composed of meat and| in protein, in accord with guar- bone. Contains not more than 0 per cent anty in fat. No fiber guaran- crude fiber and not less than from 8 to 12 teed or determined. per cent fat and from 40 to 50 per cent pro- tein. ! | Purina Chicken Chowder. Purina Mills, Rals--One official sample. In accord ston Purina Co., Props., Buffalo, N. Y. Com-| with guaranty. No weed seeds posed of wheat middlings, wheat bran, glu-| noted in sample. ten feed, corn meal, alfalfa j|flour, linseed} flour, granulated meat, not over 1 per cent salt. Contains not more than 9 per cent} crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat| and 18 per cent protein. | eR AS Stee PAN PMG 42 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. FEEDING STuFFsS—Continued. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. Purina Chick Feed. Purina Mills, Ralston|One official sample. In accord Purina Co. Props., Buffalo, Y. Composed] with guaranty. Contains some of wheat corn, kaffir, milo and millet. Con-| weed seeds such as yellow fox- tains not more than 5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 2.5 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Purina Scratch Feed. Purina Co. Props., Purina Mills, Ralston Buffalo, N. Y. Composed of wheat, corn, barley, kaffir, milo, buck- wheat, and sunflower. Contains not more than 4 per cent crude fiber and not less than 2.5 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Quaker Poultry Mash and Ful-O-Pep Dry Mash. The Quaker Oats Co., Chicago, Ill. Com- posed of meat ‘scraps, fish meal, oatmeal, al- falfa meal, wheat bran (with ground screen- ings not exceeding mill run), hominy feed, yellow hominy feed, corn gluten feed, ground grain screenings, bone meal, cottonseed meal. Contains not. more than 10 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 20 per cent protein. Red Ribbon Scratch Feed. Commisie State ast, The Park & Pollard Boston, Mass. Composed of cracked corn, wheat, buckwheat, barley, oats, kaffr corn, milo and sunflower seed. Contains not more than 5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 1.5 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Schumacher Little Chick Feed. Oats Co., Chicago, Ill. wheat, cracked kaffir dian corn, whole millet seed, oatmeal, char- coal, marble grit, wild buckwheat (with not to exceed % of 1 per cent miscellaneous wild seeds occurring in above seeds and grains). Contains not more than 5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 2.5 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. The Composed and milo, Quaker of cracked cracked In- Schumacher Scratch Grains. The Quaker Oats Co., Chicago, Ill. Composed of whole wheat, whole kafhr and milo, whole barley, cracked Indian corn, whole buckwheat and sunflower seeds. Contains not more than 5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 2.5 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Syragold Dry Mash. Syracuse Milling Co., Syracuse, N. Y. Composed of ground corn, ground oats, hominy feed, corn gluten feed, old process linseed meal, bone and meat meal, wheat bran and flour middlings with mill run screenings. Contains not more than 10 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 18 per cent protein. Syragold Scratch Grains. Syracuse Milling Co., Syracuse, N. Composed of corn, kaffir corn, milo maize, wheat, barley, buckwheat, oats, and sunflower seed. Contains not more than 10 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and 9 per cent protein. tail, hare’s ear, ete. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains some seeds of lady’s thumb, mustard, etc. Two official samples. In accord with guaranty. Contains very many seeds of pigweed, few of wild buckwheat. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains some weed seeds such as wild buck- wheat, etc, Two official samples. In accord with guaranty. Contains very many weed seeds such as wild buckwheat, mustard, etc. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains many weed seeds of wild buckwheat, corn cockle, etc. One official sample. In _ accord with guaranty. No weed seeds noted in sample. Two official samples. In accord. with guaranty. Contains some weed seeds of wild buckwheat, pigweed, etc. OrriciAL INspections 92. 43 FEEDING Sturrs——Continued. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. Tom Boy Poultry Mash. Purity Oats Co. of|One official sample. In accord Davenport, Davenport, Iowa. Composed of ground meat, wheat, oat meal, wheat mid- dlings, milo maize, buckwheat, corn meal, barley, oat middlings, millet, gluten feed, kaffir corn, alfalfa meal, hominy feed, wheat bran, oat germ meal, rock phosphate, salt, calcium carbonate and charcoal. Contains not more than 10 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 15 per cent protein. with guaranty. Contains few hulls of wild buckwheat. CORN AND OATS GROUND TOGETHER. Chop Feed. A. A. Wilson, Springvale, Maine.|One official sample. In accord Composed of corn and oats. Contains not more than 6 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 10 per cent pro- tein. with guaranty. Contains some seeds of lady’s thumb and some hulls of wild buckwheat. Chop Feed. Wiscasset Grain Co., Wiscasset,|/Two official samples. Both in Maine. Composed of corn, oats, and salt. Con- tains not more than 9.5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3.5 per cent fat and 9.5 per cent protein. (1918 guaranty protein 9; fiber 7; fat Corn & Oats. Yeaton’s Mills, So. Berwick,| Maine. Composed of 50 lbs. of corn, 32 lbs. oats. Contains not more than 5.5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 10.5 per cent protein. Corn & Oat Chop. J. B. Ham Company, Lew-| iston, Maine. Composed of corn and oats. Contains not more than 5 per cent crude fi- ber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Corn & Oat Chop, Merrill & Mayo Co., Water- ville, Maine. Composed of corn and oats. Con- tains not more than 6 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Lucky Oat-Corn Feed. Federal Milling Co., Lockport, N. Y. Composed of crushed oats, cracked corn, corn feed meal and hominy feed with ground screenings and not exceeding mill run. Contains not. more than 12 per cent crude fiber and not less than 2.5 per cent fat and 8 per cent protein. Monmouth Corn & Oat Feed. E. M. Marks, Monmouth, Maine. Composed of corn oats and oat feed. Contains not more than 10 per cent! crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat| and 7 per cent protein, accord with protein guaranty; 1919 sample not examined for fiber and fat; 1918 sample in accord with guaranty in fat; practically in accord in fiber. No weed seeds noted in sample. One official sample. In accord with guaranty in fiber and fat; low in protein. Contains few hulls of wild buckwheat. One official sample. with guaranty. Contains few seeds of lady’s thumb. Few hulls of buckwheat. One official sample. In accord with guaranty in protein and fat; 3 per cent high in fiber. Contains few seeds of wild rose, etc. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains few seeds of lady’s thumb, few hulls of wild buckwheat. One official sample. A corn and oat feed would imply corn and oats ground together. Such a mixture would carry about 10 per cent protein, 5 per cent fiber, and 4 per cent fat. This guar- anty is not at all like that and the analysis is not very close to guaranty. No weed seeds no- ted in sample. —————— In accord aS ee gm Meek 44 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Sration. 1919. FEEDING Strurrs—Continued. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. CORN FEED MEAL. Corn Feed Meal. John Wade & Sons, MemEnie Ore official sample. In | accord Tenn. Composed of ground corn products.| with guaranty in protein and Contains not more than 3 per cent crude fiber| fat; very high in fiber. No and not less than 5 per cent fat and 10 per weed seeds noted in sample. cent protein. Corn Feed Meal Washburn Crosby Co., Minn-|Two official samples. In accord eapolis, Minn. Corn. Contains not more than| with guaranty. No weed seeds 10 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per} noted in samples. cent fat and 8 per cent protein. Registered in 1918. | 5 Corn Feed Meal. Circleville Milling Co., Cir-|/Two official samples. Both sam- cleville, Ohio. Composed of the tailings and} ples low in protein; high in fi- siftings ground corn, the tailings and siftings) ber and low in fat. No weed being the by-product of yellow cracked corn| seeds noted in samples. and table meal. Contains not more than 6 per cent crude fiber and not. less than 3.25 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Kiln Dried Feed Meal.. Kimball Milling Co.,;One official sample.. In accord Kansas City, Mo. Made from corn only. Con-| with guaranty. No weed seeds tains not more than 10 per cent crude fiber} noted in sample. and not less than 6.5 per cent fat and 10.5 per cent protein. Registered in 1918. Yellow Corn Mill Feed. Russell-Miller Mill-|\Two official samples. In accord ing Co-, Minneapolis, Minn. Made entirely|’ with guaranty in protein; the from corn. Contains not more than 12 per cent| one examined in accord in fiber crude fiber, and not less than 10 per cent fat} and fat. No weed seeds noted. and 10 per cent protein. GLUTEN FEED AND GLUTEN MEAL. (Corn) Clinton Corn Gluten Feed. Clinton Sugar Re-One official sample. In _ accord fining .Co., Clinton, Iowa. Composed of corn) with guaranty. No weed seeds gluten feed. Contains not more than 8 per! noted in sample. cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and 23 per cent protein. | Diamond Corn Gluten Meal. Corn Products One official sample. In accord Refining Co., New York. Composed of corn) with guaranty. Not examined gluten meal. Contains not more than 4 per) for weed seeds. cent crude fiber and not less than 1 es cent fat and 40 per cent protein. Jenks Corn Gluten Feed. The Huron Milling|One official sample. Sum of pro- Co., Harbor Beach, Michigan. Composed of) tein and fat equal sum of guar- a by-product of corn starch with corn bran.) anties. Fiber high. Not a very Contains not more than 8 per cent crude fiber) good gluten | feed. No weed and not tess than 3 per cent fat and 22 per) seeds noted in sample. cent protein. | KKK Corn Gluten Feed. J. C. Hubinger Bros.|One official sample. Low in pro- Co., Keokuk, Iowa. Composed of corn starch) tein but igh in fat. A rather by-products with corn solubles. Contains not| unusual analysis for a gluten more than 7.5 per cent crude fiber and not less! feed. No weed seeds noted in than 2.4 per cent fat and 23 per cent protein.) sample. P. Bros. Corn Gluten Feed. Piel Bros. Starch ‘One official sample. Slightly low Co., Indianapolis, Ind. Made from corn only.| in protein; in accord with guar- Contains not more than 8 per cent crude fiber| anty in fiber and fat. Not ex- and not less than 2 per cent fat and 23 per| amined for weed seeds. cent protein. Registered in 1918. | OrFiciAL INSPECTIONS 92. 45 FEEDING SturFs—Continued. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. Staley’s Corn Gluten Feed. The A. E. Staley|One official sample. In _ accord Mfg. Co., Decatur, Ill. Composed of corn bran,| with guaranty. No weed seeds corn gluten, corn solubles. Contains not more! noted in sample. than 12 per cent crude fiber and not less than 2.5 per cent fat and 20 per cent protein. Reg-) istered in 1918. HOMINY FEED MEAL. (Corn) ] Badger Hominy Feed. Chas. A. Krause Milling/One official sample. In accord Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Composed of white corn.| with protein and fat; practically Contains not more than 5 per cent crude fiber| in accord in fiber. No weed and not less than 6 per cent fat and 10 per cent| seeds noted in sample. protein. Registered in 1918. | Ballards Hominy Feed. Ballards Corn Mills, One official sample. In accord Lewisville, Ky. All corn product, made from) with guaranty in protein; prac- corn. Contains not more than 5.98 per cent] tically in accord in fat; high crude fiber and not less than 7.5 per cent} in fiber. No weed seeds noted fat and 10.5 per cent protein. Registered in) in sample. 1918. | Bay State White Hominy Feed. Bay State Mill-|One official sample. Low in pro- ing Co., Winona, Minn. Contains not more, tein and fat; in accord with fi- than 7.8 per cent crude fiber and not less than| ber. No weed seeds noted in 8 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. sample. Bufceco Hominy Feed. Buffalo Cereal Co., Buf-|One official sample. One per cent falo, N. Y. Guaranteed pure. Contains not) low in fat; in accord with guar- more than 5 per cent crude fiber and not less) anty in protein and fiber. No than 6 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. weed seeds noted in sample. Burt’s Hominy Feed. Postum Cereal Co., Bat-\One official sample. In accord tle Creek, Michigan. White corn. Contains) with guaranty. Not examined not more than 5 per cent crude fiber and not) for weed seeds. less than 6 per cent fat and 10 per cent pro- tein. Evans Hominy Feed.. Evans Milling Co., In-|One official sample. In accord dianapolis, Indiana. White corn. Contains) with guaranty in protein and not more than 7 per cent crude fiber and not| fiber; 1.05 per cent low in fat. less than 7.5 per cent fat and 10 per cent pro-| No weed seeds noted in sample. tein. | \ “Hiquality’”” Hominy Feed. Donahue Stratton|Two official samples. In accord Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Manufactured from| with guaranty in protein; the corn. Contains not more than 7 per cent crude} one examined in accord in fiber fiber and not less than 7 per cent fat and 10) and fat. No weed seeds noted. per cent protein. Registered in 1918 and 1919. Homco Hominy Feed. American Hominy Co.,/One official sample. In accord Indianapolis, Indiana. Composed of white! with guaranty. No weed seeds corn, corn screenings added and part of germ| noted. removed. Contains not more than 7 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent| fat and 9 per cent protein. Hominy Feed. Purity Oats Co., of Davenport, One official sample. In accord Davenport, Iowa. Contains not more than 4) with guaranty in protein and per cent crude fiber and not less than 7 per| fat; high in fiber. No weed cout fat and 10 per cent protein. Regisered in) seeds noted. : | Hominy Feed. The Patent Cereals Co., Geneva,One official sample. In accord N. Corns. Contains not more than 5 per) with guaranty. No weed seeds cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent} noted in sample. fat and 10 per cent protein. 46 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIME FEEDING StTrurFrs—Continued. Nt STATION. 1919. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. Hominy Feed. Suffern-Hunt Mills, Decatur, Hominy Feed with corn screenings added and a part of the germ removed, compounded from} seeds of wild buckwheat. white corn, guaranteed pure and unadultera- : ted. Contains not more than 6 per cent crude fiber and not less than 6 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Registered in 1918. Mystic Hominy Feed. Mystic Milling Co.,J/One official sample. In accord Iowa. Product of corn. Contains not more} in protein; not examined for than 4 per cent crude fiber and not. less than] fiber and fat. No weed seeds 5 per cent fat and 9.5 per cent protein. Reg-} noted. istered in 1918. Mystic Hominy Feed. Mystic Milling One official sample. Low in _pro- Iowa. Product of corn. . Contains not oe tein and fat; in accord in fiber. than 5 per cent crude fiber and not less than] No weed seeds noted in sample. 6.5 per cent fat and 11 per cent protein. Reg-] © istered in 1918. Paragon Hominy Meal. Chas. M. Cox Co../One official sample. In accord in Boston, Mass. Ground white or yellow corn. protein and fiber; 1.7 per cent Contains not more than 7 per cent crude| low in fat. No weed seeds noted fiber and not less than 7.5 per cent fat and] in sampte. 9.5 per cent protein. Registered in 1918. Pure Hominy Meal. W. H. Haskell & Co..!One official sample. In accord Toledo, Ohio. Made from pure white corn.| with guaranty. No weed seeds. Contains not more than 6 per cent crude fiber and not less than 8 per cent fat and-10 per cent protein. Registered in 1918. Plymouth Pure Hominy Feed. Deutsch & Sick- ert Co.,. Milwaukee, Wis. Offal corn goods manufacture. Contains not more than _ 6.35 per cent crude fiber and not less than 8.5 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Registered in 1918. Pure Hominy. Feed. National Feed Co., St. Louis, Mo. Made from corn. Contains no more than 10 per cent crude fiber and no: less than 8.5 per cent fat and 10.5 per cen‘ protein. Registered in 1918. Spring Garden Hominy Feed. Baltimore Pear! Hominy Co., Baltimore, Md. Made from corn. Contains not more than 6 per cent crude fibe: and not less than 8 per cent fat and 10 pe: cent protein. Registered in 1918. White Hominy Feed. Marshall Milling Co.. Marshall, Minn. White corn ouly. Contains not more than 7.per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 10 per cent protein. Tl One RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. official with guaranty. sample. In accord Contains few noted in sample. One official sample. In accord in protein and fat; practically in accord in fiber. No weed seeds noted in sample. One official sample. In accord with guaranty in fiber and fat; practically in accord in protein. No weed seeds noted in sample. - One with fiber; seeds official guaranty low in noted in sample. In accord in protein and fat. No weed sample. - One official -sample. In accord with guaranty in fiber and fat; ‘slightly low in protein. No weed seeds noted in sample. OAT OFFALS AND REFUSES. Fort Hill Oat Feed. The Park & Pollard Co., Boston, Mass. Contains not more than 35 per cent crude fiber and not less than 1.5 per cent fat and 8 per cent protein. | Reground Oat Feed. Northern Illinois Céreal Co., Lockport, [1]. Composed of oat hulls and) oat shorts. Contains not more than 35) per cent crude fiber and not less than 1.25 per cent fat ‘and 3.5 per cent protein. In accord few One with seeds official sample. L guaranty. Contains of wild buckwheat. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. No weed seeds noted in sample. Orric1AL Inspections 92. 47 i, FEEDING SturFs—Continued. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. Purity Reground Oat Hulls. Purity Oats Co. of Davenport, Davenport, Iowa. Made from oat middlings, oat shorts and oat hulls. Con- tains not more than 32.65 per cent crude. fiber and not less than 2.71 per cent fat and 6.73 per cent protein. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. One official sample. In_ accord with guaranty in protein; not examined for fiber and fat. OIL CAKE MEALS—COCOANUT MEAL. Cocoanut Meal. The Quaker Oats Co., Chicago, Ill. Contains not more than 10 per cent crude) fiber and not less than 7 per cent fat and 20 per cent protein. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. No weed seeds noted in sample. OIL CAKE MEALS—COTTON SEED FEED. Buco Cottonseed Feed. The Buckeye Cotton Oil Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Composed of cottonseed) meal and cottonseed hulls. Contains not more than 27 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3.5 per cent fat and 20 per cent protein. Registered in 1918 and 1919. Columbia Cottonseed Feed. Union Seed & Fer- tilizer Co., New York. Cottonseed meal and cottonseed hulls. Contains not more than 25 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and 20.56 per cent protein. Cottonseed Feed. J. E. Soper Co., Boston, Mass. Composed of ground cotton oil cake and hulls. Contains not more than 15 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 32 per cent protein. Registered in 1918. Cotton Seed Feed. Clover Leaf Milling Co., Buffalo, N. Y. A mixture of cottonseed meal and ground cottonseed hulls. Contains not more than 22 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3.5 per cent fat and 20 per cent protein. “Cyclone” Cottonseed Feed. The Memphis Cotton Hull & Fiber Co., Memphis, Tenn. Composed of cottonseed meal and ground cot- tonseed hulls. Contains not more than 26 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and 20 per cent protein. _ Economy Cottonseed Feed. Lyle & Lyle Hunts- ville, Ala. Composed of cottonseed meal and cottonseed hulls. Contains not more than 14 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per) cent fat and 36° per cent protein. “Good Cotton Seed Meal’. W. D. Hall Com- pany. Atlanta, Ga. Composed of Upland Cot- ton Seed only. Contains not more than 14 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5.5 per cent fat and 36 per cent protein. Holstein Brand Cottonseed Feed. Lanier Bros., Nashville, Tenn. Composed of cottonseed meal and cottonseed hulls. Contains not more than 14 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 36 per cent protein. Reg- istered in 1918. Two official samples. The one registered in 1918 in accord. with guaranty in every respect. The other slightly low in protein; not examined for fiber and fat. Not examined for weed seeds. | One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Not examined for weed seeds. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Not examined for weed seeds. \One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Not examined for weed seeds. (One official sample. In accord | with guaranty. Not examined for weed seeds. One - official sample. In accord with guaranty. Not examined for weed seeds. One official sample and one deal- ers sample. Dealer’s sample | low in protein; not examined for fiber and fat. Official sam- ple low in protein; in accord with guaranty in fiber and fat. Not examined for weed seeds. |One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Not examined for weed seeds. ‘77. +~Cottonseed' Feed. 48 Maine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. FEEDING SrurFFs—Continued. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. Humphrey’s-Godwin Co., Memphis, Tenn. Composed of cottonseed meal and delinted cottonseed hulls. Contains not more than 28 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 20 per cent protein. Taylor Cottonseed Feed. Taylor Commission Co., Atlanta, Ga. Composed of cottonseed meal and cottonseed hulls. Contains not more than 25 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3.5 per cent fat and 20 per cent protein. Regis tered in 1918 and 1919. One official sample. In accord | with guaranty. Not examined for weed seeds. ‘Three official samples. All three below guaranty in protein; in accord in fiber and fat. Not examined for weed seeds. OIL CAKE MEALS—COTTON SEED MEAL. Arkansaw Brand Cotton Seed Meal. Hayes Grain & Commission Co., Chicago, Ill. Made from pressed cottonseed. Contains not more than 14 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 36 per cent protein. Registered in 1918 and 1919. Battle Brand Good Cottonseed Meal. W. P. Battle & Co., Memphis, Tenn. Composed of cottonseed meal and hulls. Contains not more than 15 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 36 per cent protein. Battle Brand Prime C. S. Meal. Merrill & Ma- yo Co., Waterville, Maine. Composed of cot- tonseed meal. Contains not more than 10 per cent crude fiber and not less than 6 per cent fat and 38.62 per cent protein. Registered in 1918. Buckeye Good Cottonseed Meal. The Buckeye Cotton Oil Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Composed of cottonseed only. Contains not more than 14 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 36 per cent protein. Regis- tered in 1918 and 1919. Clover Leaf Mills Cottonseed Meal. Clover Leaf Milling Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Composed of decorticated cottonseed. Contains not more than 14 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 36 per cent protein. St. Clair Brand Cottonseed Meal. East St. Louis Cotton Oil Co., National Stock Yards, Ill. Composed of ground cottonseed. Con- tains not more than 16 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 36 per cent protein. Registered in 1918 and 1919. One official and one dealer’s sam- ple. Dealer’s sample in accord with guaranty in protein; not examined for fiber and fat. Of- ficial in accord with guaranty. Not examined for weed seeds. Two official and two dealer’s sam- ples. Both official samples in accord with protein; the one examined in accord in fiber and ®fat. Both the dealer’s samples in accord in protein; not exam- ined for fiber and fat. None examined for weed seeds. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Not examined for weed seeds. Nine official samples and three dealer’s samples. Eight official samples low in protein; one in accord with guaranty, not ex- amined for fiber and fat. Five samples in accord with guaran- ty in fat, three of these high in fiber and two in accord with guaranty. One official sample low in fat, and in accord in fiber. The remaining two of- ficial samples not examined for fiber and fat. Three deal- er’s samples not examined for fiber and fat; two below protein guaranty and one in _ accord with guaranty. None examined for weed seeds. One official and two dealer’s sam- ples. Official sample in accord with guaranty. Dealer’s sam- ple’s in accord with guaranty in protein; not examined for fi- ber and fat. Not examined for weed seeds. Two official samples and five deal- er’s samples. Both official sam- ples in accord in protein; the one examined in accord in fiber and fat. Five dealer’s samples examined only for protein. Three in accord with guaranty; two somewhat below in guaranty. None examined for weed seeds. OrFIcIAL INSPECTIONS 92. 49 FEEDING Sturrs—Continued. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. Cotton Seed Meal. Lake County Manufacturing Co., Tiptonville, Tenn. Composed of cotton seed meal. Contains not more than 9 per cent crude fiber and not less than 7.5 per cent fat and 41 per cent protein. Danish Brand Cottonseed Meal. Humphreys- Godwin Co., Memphis, Tenn. Made _ from pressed cottonseed. Contains not more than 15 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 36 per cent protein. Reg- istered in 1918 and 1919. Gilt Edge Brand Cotton Seed Meal. Empire Cotton Oil Co., Atlanta, Ga. Composed of cottonseed meal. Contains not more than 14 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5.5 per cent fat and 36 per cent protein. Regis- tered in 1918. Good Cottonseed Meal. The Cottonseed Prod- ucts Co., Louisville, Kentucky. Composed of cottonseed meal. Contains not more than 14 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 36 per cent protein. Good Cottonseed Meal. Taylor Commission Co., Atlanta, Ga. Made from Upland Cotton Seed only. Contains not more than 14 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5.5 per cent fat and 36 per cent protein. Holstein Brand Cottonseed Meal. Lanier Broth- ers, Nashville, Tenn. -Composed of cottonseed meal and ground cottonseed hulls. Contains not more than 14 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 36 per cent protein. Jay Brand Cottonseed Meal. F. W. Brode & Co., Memphis, Tenn. Composed of cottonseed meal and cottonseed hulls. Contains not more than 14 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 36 per cent protein. Regis- tered in 1918. Puritan Cottonseed Meal. J. E. Soper Co., Bos- ton, Mass. Composed of cottonseed meal. Con- tains not more than 15 per cent crude fiber| and not less than 5 per cent fat and 36 per| cent protein. Registered in 1918 and 1919. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. Two official samples and one deal- er’s sample. One official sam- ple in accord with guaranty. The other official sample low in protein; not examined for fiber and fat. Dealer’s sample slightly low in protein; not examined for fiber and fat. Not examined for weed seeds. Two official and two dealer’s sam- ples. Both official samples in accord with guaranty in protein; the one examined in accord in fiber and fat. One dealer’s sam- ple in accord with guaranty in protein; the other slightly be- low in guaranty. Neither deal- er’s samples examined for fi- ber or fat. None examined for weed seeds. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Sample not ex- amined for weed seeds. One official sample and two deal- er’s samples. Official sample in accord with guaranty. Dealer’s samples in accord in protein; not examined for fiber and fat. Not examined for weed seeds. One official sample. Below guar- anty in protein, high in fiber, in accord with guaranty in fat. Not examined for weed seeds. Four officials and three dealer’s samples. Two official samples low in protein, high in fiber and in accord with guaranty in fat. The other two samples in ac- cord with guaranty in protein and not examined for fiber and fat. Two dealer’s samples in accord in protein; not examined for fiber and fat; one dealer’s sample low in protein, not ex- amined for fiber and fat. None examined for weed seeds. Three official and one dealer’s samples. Two official samples in accord with guaranty. The other low in protein, in accord in fiber and fat. The dealer’s sample low in protein; not examined for fiber and fat. Not examined for weed seeds. Five official samples and two deal- ers samples. Three official samples in accord with guaran- ty in protein. The one exam- ined in accord with fiber and fat. The other two official samples low in _ protein; the one examined high in fiber and just in accord in fat. The two dealer’s samples in accord in protein and fat; one slightly high in fiber. Not examined for weed seeds. 50 Maine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STaTIon. 1919. FEEDING STurFrs—Continued. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. Single Hump Camel Brand Cottonseed Meal. C. L. Campbell & Co., Little Rock, Arkansas. Composed of straight cottonseed ‘meal with such portion of cottonseed hulls and oil as is left in the ordinary course of manufacture. Contains not more than 12 per cent crude fiber and not less than 6 per cent fat and 38.5 per cent protein. Registered in 1918. Surety Brand Cottonseed Meal. Union Seed & Fertilizer Co., New York. Composed of cot- tonseed meal. Contains not more than 14 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5.5 per cent fat and 36 per cent protein. Tip Top Good Cottonseed Meal. Meridian Grain & Elevator .Co., Meridian, Miss. Composed of decorticated cottonseed. Contains not more than 15 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 36 per cent protein. (One dealer’s sample. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. One official sample. Low _in pro- tein, slightly high in fiber, in accord in fat. Not examined for weed seeds. Fourteen official samples, and nine dealer’s samples. Ten offi- cial samples in accord with guaranty in protein; not exam- ined for fiber and fat. Two offi- cial samples low in protein; not examined for fiber and fat. One official sample in accord with guaranty in all respects. One official sample low in pro- tein; high in fiber; in accord in ents Eight dealer’s samples in accord with guaranty in pro- tein; not examined for fiber and fat. One dealer’s sample low in protein; not examined for fi- ber and fat. In accord with guaranty in protein; not examined for fiber and fat. Not examined for weed seeds. OIL CAKE MEALS—LINS EED MEAL. —~ Hypo Pure Old Process Meal. American Lin- seed Co., 233 Broadway, New York City. Flax- seed. Contains not more than 8 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 34 per cent protein. Old Process Linseed Meal and Old Process Screenings Oil Feed. Elmore Milling Co., Oneonta, N. Y. Old process ground oil cake. | Contains not more than 10 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 30 per cent protein. Registered in 1918. Old Process Oil Meal. American Linseed Co., 233 Broadway, N. Flaxseed. Contains not more than 8 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 34 per cent pro- tein. Registered in 1918 and 1919. Peanut Oil Meal Gamma Brand. Oil Seeds Co., William St., New York City. By-product of the pressing of peanuts and peanut materials for oil, free from any adulteration whatever. Contains not more than 15 per cent crude fiber and not less than 7 per cent fat and 20 per cent protein. Registered in 1918. Pontiac Old Process Oil Meal. The Park & Pollard Co., Boston, Mass. Old process ground linseed cake. Contains not more than 10 per cent crude fiber and not less than 5 per cent fat and 32 per cent protein. Registered in One official sample, In accord with guaranty. Not examined for weed seeds. . Two official samples. In accord in protein; the one examined in accord in fiber and fat. Not examined for weed seeds. Three official samples. One in accord with guaranty in all re- spects. One in accord with guaranty in protein and _ fat; practically in accord in fiber. The other in accord in protein; not examined for fiber and fat. No weed seeds noted in sample. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Not examined for weed seeds. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Not examined for weed seeds. OrFictAL INSPECTIONS 92. 51 FEEDING Sturrs—Continued. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. Pure. Old Process Linseed Oil Meal. The Mann Brothers Company, Buffalo, N. Y. Lin- seed oil meal. Contains not more than 10 per cent crude fiber and not less than 6 per cent fat and 33 per cent protein. Pure Old Process Oil Meal. Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc., Buffalo N. Y. Ground linseed cake. Contains not\,more than 10 per cent erude fiber and not ss than 5 per cent fat and 33 per cent protein. Registered in 1918. Pure Old Process Oil Meal. Kellogs & Miller, Amsterdam, N. Y. Contains not more than 9 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 31 per cent protein. Pure Old Process Ground Oil Cake. _Archer- Daniels Linseed Co., Buffalo, N. Y. By-prod- uct from manufacture of linseed oil. Contains not more than 10 per cent crude fiber and not less than 6 per cent fat and 33 per cent protein. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Not examined for weed seeds. Two. official samples. Both in accord in protein; the one ex- amined in accord in fiber and fat. No weed seeds noted in samples. One official sample. In accord with guaranty in protein and fat; practically in accord in fi- ber. Not examined for weed * seeds. One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Not examined for weed seeds. RYE OFFALS. Highland Rye Middlings. Highland Milling Co., Highland, Ill. Composed of offal from rye, ground up after flour has been removed. Contains not more than 8 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and 17 per cent protein. Registered in 1918. Kehlor’s Rye Feed. Kehlor Flour Mills Co., St. Louis, Mo. Made up of pure rye with ground screenings not exceeding mill run. Contains not. more than 5.25 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and 16 per cent protein. Registered in 1918. Rye Feed. Duluth Superior Milling Co., Du- luth, Minn. Rye Feed. Contains not more than 5.5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and 16.5 per cent protein. Rye Middlings. Pillsbury Flour Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Composed of rye wmid- dlings, and ground rye screenings. Contains not more than 9 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3.5 per cent fat and 15 per cent pro- tein. Rye Middlings. Bay State Milling Co., Winona, Minn. Pure rye product. Contains not more than 6 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3.4 per cent fat and 16 per cent protein. Reg- istered in 1918. Rye Middlings. David Stott Flour Mills, Inc., Detroit, Michigan. Contains not more than 4.6 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3.02 per cent fat and 15.48 per cent protein. One __ official with guaranty. seeds of pigweed. sample. In accord Contains few One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains few seeds of pigweed, ete. One official sample. In accord with guaranty in protein and fat; high in fiber. Contains few seeds of pigweed, mustard, penny cress, ete. Ine official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains few seeds of penny cress, ete. Two official samples. Both in accord with protein guaranty; the one examined in accord with fiber and fat. No weed seeds no- ted in samples. : One official sample. In accord with guaranty. Contains few hulls of corn cockle. ’ 52 Maine AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Station. 1919, FEEDING SturFrs—Continued. BRAND, MAKER AND GUARANTIES. RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. WHEAT OFFALS—BRAN. Everett Aughenbaugh & Co. Wheat Bran Everett Aughenbaugh & Co., Waseca, Minn. Composed of wheat bran and ground screenings not to exceed mill run. Contains not more than 12 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and 14 per cent protein. Registered in 1918. Bixota Wheat Bran GSNEMR. Red Wing Mil- ling Co., Red Wing, Minn. Composed of wheat bran and ground screenings not exceeding mill run. Contains not more .than 15.6 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4.1 per cent fat and 13.5 per cent protein. Black Hawk Bran GSNEMR. Western Flour Mill Co., Davenport, Iowa. Pure whole wheat. Contains not more than 15 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and 13.30 per cent protein. Bran. The Ansted & Burk Co., Springfield, Ohio. Composed of wheat bran with ground screenings not exceeding mill run. Contains not more than 12.5 per cent crude fiber and not less than 4 per cent fat and 13 per cent pro- tein. Bran. F. W. Stock & Sons, Hillsdale, Michigan. Made from pure wheat with mill run _ screen- ings. Contains not more than 10 per cent crude fiber and not less than 3 per cent fat and 14 per cent protein. “ q S | Fehon liek | Fa A i SWE I Sebi eae OI Ais & eA | & | & | & ae 1.60 1.30) 3.62) 4.14) 4.11 11.638 10.00 12.42 any) 55 )| 0.00 foes tea ey QBS DTA Bae ea Ne oe eS 23.77 22;88|=_---- 1) © '0/00 | 0.12) 0.54) 1.42) 1.76) 1.65 10.38) 10.00 11.41 11.00 1.26 1.00 | | 0.76} 0.64) 1.67) 1.83) 1.65 10.05) 10.90} 11.33) 11.00) weeds | 0.00 apse O06 a Aa ee Se Sees 10.82) 11.00 11.738 12.00) . 2.06; 2.00 | | 0.56) 0.94) 2.02| 2.24) 2.06 10.55 8.00 11.32 9.00) 1.08; 1.00 1721 0'96|2e22e2 3.61) 3.29 10.09 10.00) 11.94) 11.00} 2.84; 3.00 1.00} 1.60, 3.06) 3.61) 3.29 8.19 8.00 ee 9.00) 4.02, 4.00 12 oa Na Bas (aE weed ae 17:28] 16.00| 18.73]. 17.90|__-___| 0.00 Nal 0.94| 1.46) 3.04) 3.30) 3.29 9.04 9.00 10.06) 10.00; 1.37) 1.00 Bees 0.56) 1.59) 2.04) 1.65 10.26 10.00 11.09, 11.00|______| 0.00 0.44) 0.68) 1.75) 1.88) 1.65 10.75 10.00) 11.86 11.00) 1.20) 1.00 0.46; 0.84) 2.02) 2.34) 2.06 10.73 10.00 11.67 11.00) 1.382) 1.00 0.30; 0.38) 0.96) 1.04) 0.82 8.80} 8.00} 9.55) 9.00) 1.19) 1.00 aa 0.52) 1.44) 1.82) 1.65} 10.36 10.00) 10.95) 11.00|------| 0.00 Bee Lea 0.52) 1.67) 1.72) 1.65 10.36 10.00 12-16} 200 Se OF O0) a 0.60) 1.48) 1.80! 1.65 10.56 10.00 11.16 11.00 lis ae 0.00 We EN [ae ae SON al 741 TGeOO | nee ol 726 eres 200 eee 0:00 epee 0.58] 1.48) 1.98) 1.65 10.40 10.00} 11.22 E00) 222 50:00 1.30) 1.00) 3.08) 3.26) 3.29 10.47 10.00 IES 5) R00) =e 0.00 1.70} 0.60) 2.99) 3.36] 3.29 10.17 10 zy 11.38 THE) 0.00 pe ie 0.56} 1.84) 1.64) 1.65 9.71 10.00 12.03) OO |E==2=212 0200) | | Apes 0.60) 1.88 1.83) 1.65 9.96 10.00 10.98 11.00 ee 0.00 | | (QA) See Se ee ee 15.35 16.00 15.49) 16350 |e2e2== 0.00 asses he 0.30) 0.90) 0.95) 0.82 8.96 8.00 9.58 8.50; 1.83) 2.00 2.54) 0.04) 3.26) 3.53) 3.29 8.66 8.00 10.14) 8.50| 4.17) 4.00 1.62} 0.20} 2.72) 3.02] 3.29 8.96 8.00 9.74 8.50 3.85 4.00 | | | 0.80} 1.68) 2.83) 3.23 3.29) 10.16 10.00 11.24) 3510) 0.00 esa 1.40} 2.85) 3.45 3.25 | 9.89 10.00 11.24} 10350 | S222 000) 0.80} 0.12) 1.52) 1.83) 1.65. 8.35 8.00 9.37) 8.50! 2.13) 2.00 1.86} 0.12) 1.98} 1.97) 1.65 9.00 8.00 10.33 8.50; 2.34) 2.00 | 1.10} 0.92) 2.80) 2.89) 2.47 7.52 7.00 7.99 7.50) 6.06 6.00 | | | 0.86; 0.16) 1.55) 1.78) 1.65 8.21 8.00 9.17 8.50! 3.11) 3.00 pe een 0.70) 1.57| 1.81) 1.65 10.51 10.00 11.438 10.50) ----_- 0.00 2.10} 0.10) 3.04); 3.42) 3.29 8.51 8. 00) 9.29) 8.50' 4.26 4.00 1.24) 1.38) 3.43) 3.70} , 3.29 9.27 8.00 9.77 8.50 6.00) 6.00 | | 1.86) 0.10) 1.91) 1.95) 1.65 8.97 8.00 10.30 8.50) 2.18) 2.00 76 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 1919. “ Descriptive List of Fertilizer Samples, 1919. 5 o ,Q = a Manufacturer, Place of Business and Brand Sample 3 taken at g As} ~ Rn | BAUGH & SONS CO., BALTIMORE, MARYLAND. 5467 Baugh’s IAT OOSTO OKA B= ears eye eS DS Bae pcm ae Cpe iP alenno see 5470 Baugh’s High Grade Ammoniated Animal Base_________--___ Roy. (Olnubayy. 5469 Baugh’s Peruvian Guano Substitute for Potatoes and all We get a ple 2a acai se ere weer Oa ae Gas Sal ovtec oe IAs BA a ae Sha Soy, Chauhan BOWKER FERTILIZER CO., BOSTON, MASS. 5267 BOWROTSU BHO UT ere gETil errs) 11 eee ees renee pete alsa Bane ore BREN BYonAhets} Taoybae Morar ASU Ag IDL ao ee Se Portia das sees 52/6 Bowker si Oneye Denis ines Or O ps eee ree neem ES Bangors--32 2s 5256|Bowker’s Potato Phosphate 1916 .--_---- 22.) _-2 5.222 2---2 228 (Bane or =sssa=aae= 536s |/BOws 7 . = 5 va : 7 SAAR ATG ee NUE wi