<.. oh Se " a 9 € ee eee ra EE Lean NUAL REPORT MEW SCOR K AOOWOG IEA |. SOCIETY CHARTERED IN 1895 OBJECIS OF HE SOCIETY A PUBLIC ZOOLOGICAL PARK . THE PRESERVATION OF OUR NATIVE ANIMALS THE PROMOTION OF ZOOLOGY 1907 NEW YORK OFFICE OF THE SOCIETY, 11 WALL STREET JANUARY, 1908 = = A << ~ > aye a y es 7 = ae - - - 7 ae. ° - i¢ a f - a5 - fae CopyriGHT, 1908, By THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 655858 | ik eae The Ralkhoft Company Pew York ay’) ri et) Gry i Contents PAGE BoarD OF MANAGERS : : ; . 7. OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY : : : é 9 OFFICERS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK AND AQUARIUM . ; 10 MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY : , : : ; : II REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE : : : 29 TREASURER’S REPORTS ; : : ; ; . : : AI REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR ‘ W. I. Hornaday, Sc.D. 51 AQUARIUM .REPORT 3 : Charles H. Townsend 87 POLLUTION OF STREAMS : Charles H. Townsend 97 [cise OF GIETS : Zoological Park , : Z p : : : . 104 Heads and Horns ‘ ‘ . : : : EO Aquarium : : : : : ; : 2 ReEporT OF THE VETERINARIAN W. Reid Blair, DV.S. 119 CoNnDITION OF WILD LirEIN ALASKA . Madison Grant 125 By-Laws : : : ; . : : : : : ts INDEX ; x : : : ; 4 ; : : gu: List of Mlustrations CHARLES T. BARNEY BarirRD COURT AMERICAN Bison HERD Rocky MountTaAIN GOATS Rocky Mountain Goat-HEAD CHIMPANZEES BLACK-FooTED PENGUINS SMALL-DEER HOUSE New Boat House AMERICAN BISON SpottEeD MorRAyY SCHOOLMASTER SpotteD HIND AFRICAN ELEPHANTS PENINSULA BEAR PAGE Frontispiece Board of Managers ae. Hon. Grorce B. MCCLELLAN, Mayor of New York. Ex-Officio: , ; ate: | Hoy. Henry Smiru, President Dep’t of Parks. CLASS OF 1909. Levi P. Morton, SAMUEL THORNE, ANDREW CARNEGIE, Henry A. C. Taytor, Joun L. CADWALADER, Hucu J. CHisHoim, Joun S. Barnes, Witiiam D. SLOANE, MADISON GRANT, WINTHROP RUTHERFURD, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, FRANK K. STUuRGIS. CLASS OF 1910. F. AuGustus SCHERMERHORN, CLEVELAND H. DOobGcE, Percy R. Pyne, C. LepyarD BLaAiIr, GEORGE B. GRINNELL, CORNELIUS VANDERBILT, Jacog H. Scuirr, NELSON ROBINSON, Epwarp J. BERWIND, FREDERICK GILBERT BOURNE, GEORGE C. CLARK, W. AusTIN.WADSWORTH. CLASS OF 1911. HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Hucu D. AUCHINCLOssS, James W. Barney, CHARLES F. DIETERICH, WiLiiam C. CHURCH, James J. HILt, LISPENARD STEWART, GEORGE F. BAKER, H. Casimir DE RHAM, Grant B. SCHLEY, GEORGE CROCKER, PayNE WHITNEY. . Phy OFFICERS OF THE New VYork Zoological Society President: HON. LEVI P. MORTON. First Vice-President: Second Vice-President: HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN. JOHN L. CADWALADER. Executive Committee. HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Chairman, JOHN S. BARNES, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, PERCY Ro PY NE; MADISON GRANT SAMUEL THORNE, LEVI P. MORTON, ex officio. Secretary: MADISON GRANT, 11 Wall Street. Treasurer: PERCY GReseyaNii. 30 Pine Street. Director of the Zoological Park: WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, 183d Street and Southern Boulevard. Director of the Aquarium: CHARLES TH. TOWNSEND; Battery Park. Architects: HEINS & LA FARGE. Consulting Landscape Architect: JAMES L. GREENLEAF. Consulting Engineer: H. De B. PARSONS. Officers of the Zoological Park. WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, Se D; Director and General Curator. ELAR: MITCHELL x2 ann ce eee Chief Clerk and Disbursing Officer. RAYMOND?) ©. DIERVARS sacar SAE Curator of Reptiles. GC WILLIAMS BEBBE Sse... eee ere ere oe eee Curator of Birds. EW. MEBRICBIE on tee) adaeeeemner nae Chief Forester and Constructor. GEORGE M. BEERBOWER2 23esnte rec onerer ie ceils Civil Engineer. EL WIN R-SANBORNear eee eee Photographer and Assistant Editor. Medical Staff. HAREOW BROOKS MEAD eter ere a eee See omee Pathologist. W. REED (BIEATRE DEVS eset Se ee ee eee V eterinarian. Aquarium Committee. CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Chairman. CHARLES L. BRISTOL, University of New York. BASHFORD DEAN, Columbia University. ALFRED G. MAYER, Tortugas Laboratory of Carnegie Institute. CHARLES B. DAVENPORT, Director Biological Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y. THOMAS H. MORGAN, Columbia University. EDMUND B. WILSON, Columbia University. WILLIAM E. DAMON. ROSWELL MORSE SHURTLEFF. Officers of the Aquarium. CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Director. LEONARD B. SPENCER....Asst. in Charge of Fresh-water Collections. WASHINGTON ih DE NYSE....Asst. in Charge of Marine Collections. EBEN Re SANIESO NER eee eee Clerk and Disbursing Officer. MEMBERS OF THE New York Zoological Society. Honorary Members. Pror. J. A. ALLEN, Pror. DANIEL GrrAupD ELLIort, Pror. ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, * Srr WILLIAM FLOWER, Tue Duke or BeEpForp, Dr FF. EeHiorst; Mr. ArtHuR Erwin Brown, Dr. C. Hart MERRIAM, Mr. Frank M. CHAPMAN, Hon. LionEL WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Dr. Puitie LutLtey SCLATER. Benefactors. * BARNEY, CHARLES T., ScuHiFF, JAcosp H., CARNEGIE, ANDREW, THORNE, SAMUEL, ROCKEFELLER, WILLIAM, * Witney, Hon. WILLIAM C. Founders. BAKER, GEORGE F., Morton, Hon. Levi P., Barnes, JOHN S., * OTTENDORFER, OSWALD, BERWIND, Epwarp J., PAYNE, Cot. OLiver H., BourNE, FREDERICK G., Pyne, Percy RIVINGTON, CADWALADER, JOHN L., ROCKEFELLER, JOHN D., DIeETERICH, CHARLES F., SCHERMERHORN, F. AuGusTUS, * DopcE, WILLIAM E., SLOANE, WILLIAM D., * GOELET, ROBERT, Taytor, Henry A. C., GovuLp, GEORGE J., THompson, Mrs. FREDERIC FERRIS, GouLp, Miss HeELten MILiEr, Trevor, Mrs. Joun B., * HUNTINGTON, C. P., * VANDERBILT, CORNELIUS, McMiriin, Emerson, VANDERBILT, WILLIAM K., MorcGan, J. PIERPONT, Woop, Mrs. ANTOINETTE ENO. Associate Sounders. * BABCOCK, SAMUEL D., OsporNn, Pror. HENRY FAIRFIELD, Brarr, C. Lepyarp, * SCHUYLER, PHILIP, * CARTER, JAMES C., ScHUYLER, Mrs. PHILIP, CuHIsHOoLM, Hucu J., STEWART, LISPENARD, CROCKER, GEORGE, Stokes, Miss CAroLiInE PHELPS, Dopce, CLEVELAND H.., Sturcis, Mrs. Frank K., HarrIMAN, E. H., TirFANY & COMPANY, * Jesup, Morris K., VANDERBILT, CORNELIUS. 12 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. * ARNOLD, HIcks, AucuincLoss, Mrs.’ Huc# D., BARNEY, JAMES W., Buss, CorNELIUS N., * Briss, GEORGE T., BREWSTER, ROBERT S., CLARK, GEORGE CRAWFORD, CLARK, Mrs. GEORGE CRAWFORD, * CONSTABLE, FREDERICK A., * Cook, Henry H., FE HRET, GEORGE, * FLoweER, ROSWELL P., orp, JAMEs B., Forp, J. Howarp, HARKNESS, CHARLES W., * HAVEMEYER, HENRY O., HAVEMEYER, WILLIAM F., * Hewitt, ABRAM S., Hitt, JAMeEs J., * HorFMAN, VERY Rev. E. A., * ISELIN, ADRIAN, * JAMES, D. WILLIS, James, NorMAN, Jennincs, Miss A. B., KENNEDY, JOHN STEWART, Lewis, Mrs. GEorGE, Mayer, Dr. ALFRED G., * Morris, A. NEWBOLD, Morris, Mrs. A. NEWBOLD, Patrons. Morris, Miss EvA VAN CorRTLANDT, Morris, NEWBOLD, Osporn, WILLIAM CHURCH, * Osporn, Mrs. WILLIAM H., Poor, Henry W., * Pyne, Mrs. Percy R., Ropinson, NELSON, Ryan, THomaAS F., * SCHERMERHORN, WILLIAM C., ScHLEY, GRANT B., SELIGMAN, Isaac NEWTON, * STICKNEY, JOSEPH, SticKNEY, Mrs. JosePH, TayLor, JAMES B., Jr., THorNE, EpwIn, THORNE, FRANCIS B., THORNE, Henry S., THORNE, JoEL W., TuHorNE, Lanpon K., THoRNE, Miss PHEBE ANNA, THORNE, SAMUEL, JR., THORNE, S. BRINCKERHOFF, THORNE, VIcToR C., TuHorRNE, WILLIAM, TyApER, Mrs. Marcaret T., Twomey, H. McK., Von Post, HERMAN C., * Wess, WILLIAM H., * WoLrr, A. Life Members. ApAMs, Epwarp DEAN, ANDREWS, CONSTANT A., ANDREWS, J. SHERLOCK, AUCHINCLoss, HucH D., AVERY, SAMUEL P., * BALLANTINE, ROBERT F., Barzour, THOMAS, 3ARBOUR, WILLIAM, 3ARHYDT, Mrs. P. HAcKLEy, 3ARNES, Miss Cora F., Barnes, Miss MIvprep, 3EEBE, C. WILLIAM, Bett, Mrs. C. M., 3ELMONT. AUGUST, Betts, SAMUEL RossITER, BisHopr, HrBer REGINALD, * BLACKFORD, EUGENE G., Botpr, GrorGE C., Bonn, FRANK S., 300TH, WILLIAM’ H., Bowporn, GEorGE S., BRINSMADE, CHARLES LYMAN, Brown, Grorce McKesson, Bruce. Miss Matitpa W., BurpeN, HENRY, 2D, BUSHNELL, JOSEPH, ButLer, WILLIAM MILL, CAMMANN, GEorcE P., Camp, HucH N., CHANLER, WINTHROP, CHISHOLM, HucH J., Jr, CuurcuH, E. Dwicut, CuurcH, WILLIAM CONANT, CLARKSON, BANYER, CoE, WILLIAM R., CorFIN, CHARLES A., CoLGATE, WILLIAM, CoLtLarD, Mrs. GrorceE W., CoNYNGHAM, WILLIAM L., Goox, CT; CorNING, JOHN J., CoxeE, DaviEs, CRANE, ZENAS, CRIMMINS, JoHN D., CUTER, GaaG. Davis, E. W., * Deceased. TWELFTH Davis, JoHN W. A., pDECopPET, Epwarp J., DELAFIELD, ALBERT, De Ruam, CHARLES, DIcKERMAN, Warson B., Dickry, CHARLES D., Dirmars, R. L., DopGr, GEORGE EGLESTON, DopcE, MArceELLUS HARTLEY, DoELGER, CHARLES P., DoELGER, PETER, DoeELcER, PETER, JR., Draper, Mrs. HENry, DuBors, Miss ETHEL, DuBots, Miss KATHERINE, DuBors, WititAM A., DuNSCOMBE, GEORGE ELSWorRTH, Dwyer, THOMAS, ELLIotT, SAMUEL, Exiis, W. Drxon, Ery, AmprosE K., Eno, Amos F., FarrcHitp, Hon. CHar tes S., FerGuson, Mrs. FARQUHAR, Frercuson, Miss May, FreLtp, CorTLANDT DE PEYSTER, FisHer, Mrs. Henry J., FLEITMANN, WitttAmM MEeEpLIco FLINT, CHARLES R., FRENCH, S. Barton, GERRY, ELpripce T., GoopwIn, JAMEs J., GRANT, Maprison, GUGGENHEIM, S. R., GUNTHER, BERNARD G., GUNTHER, FRANKLIN L., HAGENBECK, CARL, HarKNEss, Epwarp S., Harkness, Mrs. S. V., HARRAH, CHARLES J., Harris, ALAN C., Haupt, Dr. Louis, * HAVEN, GEorcE G., HEARN, GEorGE A., HENDERSON, CHARLES R., HiccGInson, JAMES J., Hitt, Hueu, Hopxins, Georce B., Hornapay, WILLIAM T., Husparp, THomas H., HuntTinctTon, ArcHer M., Hype, JAmes H., Jackson, THEopoRE F., JENNINGS, OLIvER G., KincG, GEORGE GoRDON, * KINGSLAND, WILLIAM M., KisseL, Gustav E., ANNUAL REPORT. KuNHARDT, W. B., LA Farce, C. GRANT, LANGDON, Wooppury G., LANIER, CHARLES, Lee, CHARLES NorTHAM, Lreps, Mrs. WarNeER M., LEHMAN, S. M., LouNSBERY, RICHARD P., Low, C. ADOLPHE, Low, SETH, Lypic, Davin, Lypic, Capt. Puiztie M., McComps, J. Scott, McKim, CHartes F., McLane, Guy RICHARDS, Mackay, CLARENCE H., Mackay, Donan, Macy, V. Everir, MAITLAND, ALEXANDER, MALLory, CHARLES H., Marc, THEopHILUS M., Markokg, Dr. Francis H., MarSHALL, Louts, MERKEL, HERMANN W., Mitier, Dr. Georce N.., * MITCHELL, ROLAND G., TT, Moore, Mrs. JAMES Amory, Morean, J. P., Jr., * Morris, JAMES, Nessitt, A. G., Newesotp, THOMAS, NicHots, Mrs. WILLIAM GILMAN, Nites, J. Barron, Nives, WiLL1AM WHITE, ParisH, HENRY, PARRISH, JAMES C., PEABODY, CHARLES A., PERKINS, WILLIAM H., Puiprs, Henry, PHOENIX, LLoyp, PHOENIX, PHILLIPS, PIERREPONT, JOHN JAY, PincHon J. W.; Potter, Mrs. Henry C., PrAtr DALLAS B: Proctor, A. PHIMISTER, Pyne, M. TAyYtor, QUINTARD, GEORGE W., RAYMOND, CHARLES H.., RIKER, SAMUEL, JR., Ross, J. HAMPDEN, Rogpsins, MILTon, RopiNson, ARTHUR, Rocers, ARCHIBALD, Russ, Epwarp, RUTHERFURD, WINTHROP, * Deceased. McAtpin, CHARLES WILLISTON, 13 14 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Sampson, HENRY, SANDS, WILLIAM R., * SCHERMERHORN, J. EGMONT, SCHIEFFELIN, EUGENE, ScuirFr, MortiMer L., Seton, ERNEST THOMPSON, SHELDON, CHARLES, SHERMAN, GEORGE, SHERMAN, WILLIAM WATTS, SHIELDS, GEorGE O., Simpson, Miss JEAN WALKER, SLoAN, BENSON B., * SLOAN, SAMUEL, SLOAN, SAMUEL, JR., * SLOANE, JOHN, SPEYER, JAMES, Srerson, Francis LYNDE, STuRGES, FREDERICK, Srurcis, FRANK K., THALMAN, ERNST, Tuompson, Lewis S., Tuompson, WiLirAM P., TILForD, FRANK, Topp, WILLIAM R., TowNSEND, CuHartes H., Trevor, Henry G., Trevor, JOHN B., UHLMANN, FREDERICK, WanpswortH, Mayor W. AUSTIN, WaINWRIGHT, RICHARD T., Wacker, Dr. HENRY FREEMAN, WarsurG, FELIX M., WarrREN, SAMUEL D., Watson, Francis A., Wetcuer, Mrs. FANNY AVERY, WHEALTON, Louis N., WHITEHEAD, PAUL, Wuitney, Harry PAyNeE, WHuitney, PAYNE, WiLLets, Howarp, Wine, JoHn D., Woop, Miss ELEANor DENNISTON. Annual Hlembers. ABEEL, GEORGE, ABEEL, JOHN H., ApercroMBIE, Davin T., AcHELIS, FRITZ, ACHELIS, JOHN, ApAMS, FRANK LANSON, ApAMS, FREDERICK B., ADAMS, FREDERICK T., ADAMS, SAMUEL, ADAMS, THATCHER M., AGENS, FREDERICK GIRARD, AGNEW, ANDREW G., AGNEW, Mrs. Cornetius R., AITKEN, JoHN W., ALDEN, R. PErcy, AvpricH, Mrs. JAMES HERMAN, ALEXANDER, Mrs. CHARLES B., ALEXANDER, DOUGLAS, ALEXANDER, FRANK D., ALEXANDER, JAMES W., ALEXANDER, Dr. WELCOME T., ALEXANDER, Mrs. WILLIAM, ALEXANDRE, J. HENRY, ALLAND, MAURICE, ALLEN, ETHAN, ALLEN, JAMES LANE, Ams, Max, AMUNDSON, JOHN A., Anperson, A. A.y ANDERSON, P. CHAUNCEY, ANDREINI, J. M., Anprous, GEorGE L., ANTHONY, WILLIAM A., APPLETON, FRANCIS R., APPLETON, JAMES W., ARCHBOLD, Mrs. J. F., ArcHBOLD, JOHN D., ARCHER-SHEE, Mrs. Martin, AREND, F. J., : ArLitz, WILLIAM J., Armour, GEORGE A., Armour, Mrs. HERMAN O., ARMSTRONG, CHARLES P., Astor, JOHN JAcop, AucHIncLoss, Mrs. Epear S., AUCHINCLoss, HucGH, AUCHINCLoss, JOHN W., Aycricc, B. ArTHUR, BacuH, GUSTAV, BAKER, STEPHEN, BALDWIN, FREDERICK H., BALDWIN, Dr. JARED G., BALDWIN, JARED G., JR., Bancs, Dr. L. Borton, Banks, THEODORE H., * BARBEY, Henry I., Barciay, J. SEARLE, JR., Barciay, Mrs. REGINALD, BaRNARD, J. AUGUSTUS, Barnes, Mrs. Courrtannp D., Barnes, Herrert S., BARNES, J. SANFORD, JR., BarNnEs, Epwarp W., 3ARNEY, A. L., Barney, ASHBEL H., 3ARNEY, Mrs. J. STEWART, * Deceased. TWELFTH Barney, N. C., BaRNuM, WILLIAM M., Barr, WILLIAM, Barron, Dr. JouN C., Barron, GEorGE D., * BARTELS, WILLIAM, Barton, WILtIs E., BATTERSON, JAMES G., BAUMANN, GUSTAV, BAXTER, GeorcE S., Jr., Bayarp, Lous P., BayLies, EpMuND L., Bayties, Mrs. NATHALIE E., Baytis, WILLIAM, Bazin, Feitx A., BeacH, WALTER R., BEADLESTON, ALFRED N.., Beat, WILLIAM R., Bearp, DANIEL CarTER, BECKER, CHRISTIAN, BECKER, CoNnRAD, BecKER, PHILIP, Beers, M. H., BEIDEL, Herm ANN, Bett, Epwarp, BEMENT, Epwarp, BENKARD, Harry H., BENJAMIN, EuceEneE S., * BENSON, FRANK SHERMAN, Benson, Miss Mary, Benson, Miss THYRZA, BERGSTRESSER, CHARLES M., BEROLZHEIMER, E., BERNHEIMER, CHARLES Ibe. BERNHEIMER, StmMon E. Bertron, S. R., BICKMORE, Pror. ALBERT S., Brier, Mrs. Sytvan, BicELow, HENRY B. BILLtNcs, FREDERICK, BircHaLt, W. H., Biro, Epwarp Dron, Biro, GEORGE, , ’ BrsHop, Miss Mary CUNNINGHAM, BLAGpEN, Mrs. GEoRGE, BLAGDEN, Mrs. Jura G., Brairr, D. Ge Brair, J. INSLEY, BLaKke, Dr. JosEPH A., BLAKESLEE, eae: BLATCHFOoRD, Mrs. SAMUEL A., Buss, ERNEST ee Biopcett, WILLIAM TILDON, Bioopcoon, Ropert F., BLOoMINGDALE, JosEPH Be Boss, JAMEs O., a BLU MENSTIEL, A., ANNUAL REPORT. 30As, Emi L., BoEKELMAN, Pror. 30ETTGER, H. W., Bocert, Epwarp C., Bocert, Epwarp LANGDON, BolssEVAIN, G. L., * Botton, Mrs. Joseru B., Botton, JOHN W., Botton, THOMAS, Jr., Bonp, ALFRED H., * Bono, WILLIAM Epwarp, Bonner, G. T., Bonner, Mrs. PAwut R., BorGsTEDE, JOHN G., BorLtanp, J. NELSON, BorLanpb, WILLIAM G., Borne, JoHN E., Boteter, Exiyau S., Bowporn, TEMPLE, Bowen, CLARENCE WINTHROP, Bowers, Joun M., Boynton, GreorcE MELVILLE, Braprorp, J. H., Brapiey, Epson, BRADLEY, J. R., Brapy, Mrs. J. R., Brapy, Nicuoras F., BRAINERD, IRA H., Branp, Oscar J., BRANDRETH, COURTENAY, BrAUN, FREDERICK, BREIDENBACH, CHARLES M., BREWSTER, Mrs. BENJAMIN, Brewster, GeorceE S., BRINCKERHOFF, ELpert A., BristoL, Pror. CHartes L., Bristot, JoHN I. D., Bristow, WitiiAM B., Broasst, FRANK A., Bronson, Dr. Epwarp BENNET, Brown, Hon. Anppison, Brown, CuHartes F., Brown, Epwin H., Brown, F. TiLpen, Brown, JoHN Crospsy, BrowNn, VERNON CARLETON, Brown, Watpron P., BrowNninc, WittiAm H., BRowNInG, J. A., BRUCKER, CARL, * BRUNN, JULIUS W., Bryant, Dr. JoserH D., Bryce, Mrs. WILLIAM, BUCHANAN, WILLIAM, Buck.ey, RICHARD, Buckner, THoMAs A., Bupp, Henry A., * Deceased. 3ERNARDUS, 15 16 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. BuULKLEY, Epwin M., BuLKLEy, Mrs. Epwin M., Butt, CHARLES LIVINGSTON, BuLL, Ropert MAc ray, BuLL, WILLIAM L., Butt, Dr. Witt1aM T., Bumpus, Pror. Hermon C., BurDEN, JAMES A., JR., Burcess, Epwarp G., Burke, B. J., BuRLEIGH, GEORGE W., BurteicH, Mrs. Georce W., BuRNHAM, Mrs. Douctas W., Burr, WINTHROP, 3usH, JoHN S., 3UTLER, ARTHUR W., Caesar, Henry A., Cater, Amos H., CaLMAN, Henry L., CALMAN, ALBERT, CaAMMANN, Epwarp C., CAMMANN, HENRY LorILLARD, CAMMANN, HERMANN H., CANFIELD, GEORGE FOLGER, CANFIELD, RICHARD A., Cannon, H. W., Jr., CANNON, JAMES G., CanroserTt, A. H., Carpeza, T. D. M., Carey, FREDERICK F., Carey, Henry T., CARPENDER, WILLIAM, CARPENTER, PHILIP, CARRERE, JOHN M., CarRoLL, Roya PHELPS, * CarTER, Miss MARGUERITE, CARSTEN, ADOLPH C., CARSTENSEN, Mrs. JoHN, Cass, CHARLES ANDERSON, CASTE ES We- CASWELL, JOHN H., Catucart, Miss JENNIE R., Crerero, R. L., CuHasot, THEODORE J., CHAMBERS, FRANK R,, CHAMBERS, JAMES, CHAMBERS, JOHN A., CHAMPOLLION, ANDRE, Cuapin, Mrs. ALFRED, Cuapin, Miss Marta Bowen, CHAPMAN, HEnry OTIS, CHAPMAN, JOHN JAY, CHAUNCEY, ELIHU, CHENEY, GEorGE L., CHESEBROUGH, Ropert A., CHICHESTER, CHARLES DARWIN, CuiLps, EversLEy, Cuitps, WILLIAM H., Cutso_tm, B. OGpEN, CHOATE, JosEPH K., Cuuss, Percy, CHurRcH, CHARLES T., Cuurce Dear. CuurcH, FRrRepDERIC E., CuurcH, F. S., CuurcH, THEODORE W., CLAFLIN, JOHN, CxLark, D. CRAWFORD, Ciark, J. MITCHELL, CrArmslaG Crark, We As CrLarkK, WILLIAM N., Grarke ANS: CLARKE, THOMAS SHIELDs, CLAUSEN, GEORGE C., CLEARY, JOHN, CLEVELAND, CHARLES D., CLypbE, WILLIAM P., CocHRANE, JoHN W., CocxeroFT, Miss E. V., Cockran, Hon. W. Bourke, CorFin, DANIEL M., CoFFIN, WILLIAM Epwarp, * COHEN, SAMUEL M.., CoLtpron, PAaut TowNsEND, ACOLBURN, IN. Ay; Cotpy, Howarp A., CoLe, Epwarp F., CoLLier, PETER F., CoLLIER, PRICE, Cottier, Mrs. R. J., CoLLIns, CLARENCE LYMAN, Cottins, Dr. Stacey Bunpp, Cottins, Mrs. ELLEN, Cottins, Miss GERTRUDE, Cottorp, GEorGE W., Comstock, Mrs. H. G., Conpon, THOMAS GERALD, CoNnKLING, PAUL, CoNTENT, Harry, CoomsBe, T. GorTON, Cooper, THEODORE, CorBin, AUSTIN, Corsin, Mrs. AUSTIN, Cornine, C. R., CorwINE, WILLIAM R., CosTaIN, EuGcENE H., Coster, CHARLES, Coster, Epwarp LIVINGSTON, Cowpin, WINTHROP, CowL, CLARKSON, Cowes, Davin S., Cox, CHARLES F., Cox, JENNINGS S., * Deceased. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. Cox, Mark T., CrAIGIE, ARCHIBALD WALPOLE, Cram, Mrs. KATHRINE G., CRANE, ALBERT, CravaTtH, Mrs. Paut D., * CRAWFORD, Dr. W. H., CRAWForRD, WILLIAM, Crickmore, H. G., CROMWELL, FREDERIC, CROMWELL, JAMES W., CroMWELL, LINCOLN, CRONEMEYER, ROBERT, Cross, GrorcE D., Cross, Mrs. C. VANDERBILT, CrossLtey, G. REGINALD, CRUICKSHANK, JAMES, Curtis, Epwarp W., CuTLER, CHARLES F., Cutter, RALPH L., Cuttinc, R. Futton, Cuttinc, W. BAyYArp, DatLey, GRANVILLE F., Daty, Mrs. Marcus, Damon, WILLIAM E., DANA, PAvt, Dana, WIL1IAM B., Darps, CHARLES A., DAVENPORT, PrRoF. CHARLES B., DAvENPoRT, Mrs. IRA, Davince, WILLIAM H., Davies, FREDERICK M., Davies, J. CLARENCE, DAVIES, JULIEN TAPPAN, Davies, WILLIAM GILBERT, Davis, DANIEL A., Davis, GHERARDI, Davis, How ann, Davis, JosePH P., Davis, M. B., Davis, Morcan, Davison, CHARLES STEWART, Davison, GEeorGE Howarp, Day, Artuur M., Day, Mrs. Henry MIs, DEAN, Pror. BASHFORD, De Coppet, HENRY, DeeveEs, RICHARD, De Forest. Ropert W., DEcENER, J. F., DeGorcourtA, A. V., De Ktyn, B. F., DELAFIELD, FREDERICK P., DELAFIELD, Miss JuLtA LIVINGSTON, DELANO, FREDERIC A., DELANO, WARREN, JR., DELANOY, WILLIAM C., DELESKER, CHARLES, Demarest, A. J., DEMING, L. C., DenickE, J. B., Dersy, Dr RicHarp H., De Rua, H. CASImMir, DESPARD, WALTER D., DEVEREUX, WALTER B., DE VINNE, THEODORE Low, Dewar, CHARLES B., De Wirt, WALTER G., De Wrrt, WittiaM G., DeExTER, STANLEY W., Dry, ANTHONY, Deyo, Rosert E., Dick, J. HEeNry, Dicxerson, E. N., Dien, Georce H., Dienst, A. P., Drmock, GeorcE E., DitTMAR, JOHN, JR., Drxon, Dr. Georce A., Drxon, Ropert NICER, DoncEe, D. STUART, DopcE, Miss ELizABetH W., Dopcr, Miss Grace H., * Donce, NorMAN W., Dopce, Mrs. Wititam E., DouseE, JoHN, Dominick, H. BLANCHARD, DommenrticH, L. F., Doremus, F. S., Doustepay, F. N., DoucLas, JAMES, DoucLass, ALFRED, Dows, Mrs. Davi, Dows, Mrs. Davin, Jr., Dows, TRACY, DRAKENFELD, B. FERDINAND, Drayton, J. CoLEMAN, DrAZ, FRANCIS, DressEL, JOHN A. H., DruMMonpD, I. WyMAN, DuANE, RIcHARD BACHE, DuBots, CorRNELIUS, DuBois, Dr. MatrHeEw B., Due, Dr. ArTHUR B., * DuerR, WILLIAM A., Duties, WILLIAM, Jr., DUNCAN, STUART, Duncan, W. BUTLER, Dunpas, RALtpH Wuorts, DuNHAM, Dr. CARROLL, DuNHAM, Epwarp K.., DunuaM, G. H., Dunn, Gano S., DuNNE, Epwarp B., DurYEA, Harry H., * Deceased. 1 18 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. DuryEA, GEN. Hiram, DuTcHER, WILLIAM, Dwicut, JoHN E., Epcar, D., Epcar, HerMAN L. R,, Epcar, NEWBOLD, EpcELL, GEORGE S., EpMonps, JoHN W., Ecerton, M., EcGELING, OTTO, Ec.LesTon, D. S., Enrico, HowAarp, Exptirz, Ropert JAMES, Evsers, Mrs. Fritz, Exper, Mrs. Matirpa A., ELpRIDGE, FREDERICK L., EvpripGe, WILLIAM T., Exits, WILLIAM D., Ex:uis, WILLIAM H., ELtswortH, DuNcAN S., ELLswortH, LINCOLN, EMANUEL, J. H., JR., Emery, JOHN J., EmicuH, Morr, Emmet, C. TEMPLE, Emmet, Miss Lypta F., Emmet, Ropert TEMPLE, Enprcott, Ropert, Encuisu, E. M., Eno, JoHN CHESTER, EpsTeEAN, EDWARD, Eres_ou, R., ERDMANN, MarrtTIN, E-TrLinGceR, Louts, Eustis, JoHn E., Evans, Mrs. CADWALADER, Evans, RICHARD, Evarts, A. W., Evarts, SHERMAN, Fappri, ALESSANDRO, Fappri, ErNeEsTO G., Fappri, Mrs. Ernesto G., FAHNESTOCK, Harris C., FAHNESTOCK, WILLIAM, FAIRBANKS, HENRY P., FALLON, JOHN J., FaLk, GUSTAV, FarGo, JAMES C., FARNHAM, PAULDING, FARRELLY, T. CHARLES, FARRINGTON, HARVEY, FEARING, GEORGE R., FEARON, J. S., FELLOWES, CORNELIUS, FENNELL, GrorGcE W., FERGUSON, Harry L., Frernstrom, H., Fietp, WiLtt1AM B. Oscoop, FiscHer, WILLIAM’ H., FIsCHER-HANSEN, CARL, Bisuer. "G: Fisk, Harvey Epwarp, FirzGERALD, GEN. Louts, FLAGLER, HARRY HARKNESS Fiint, AUSTIN, JR., FLoweEr, ANSON R., FLowEr, FREDERICK S., Four, FRANZ, Foot, JAMeEs D., ForBACH, CHARLES, Forp, Miss LEsta, Foster, Epwarp W., Foster, GIRAUD, Foster, J. HEGEMAN, Foster, Macomes G., Foster, Scott, Fow.Ler, THOMAS POWELL, FRASER, ALEX V., Fraser, Mrs. Georce S., Fraser, Miss S. GRACE, FRASER, WILLIAM C., FrencH, Dr. CECIL, FRENCH, DANIEL C., FreNcH, Mrs. JoHN, FRIED, SAMSON, FRISSELL, A. S., FuLpa, Dr. Cart, Fuipa, Dr. CLEMENS, FULLER, CHARLES D., FUuLLer, Mrs. EuGENE, Futier, Henry D., FULTON, JOHN, JR., FuNKE, Epmunp A., GANz, ANTHONY, * GARLAND, JAMES A., GarreETT, JOHN W., Gautier, Duprey G., Gay, JosepH E., Geer, Mrs. WALTER, GeLBacH, Dr. R. Wo., Gerarp, Mrs. JAMES W., GERLI, EMANUEL, GERRISH, JOHN Brown, Gerry, PETER G., GersTER, Dr. ArpaApD G.,, GILBERT, CLINTON, GiLsEY, HENRY, JR., GLAzIER, HENRY S., GLEASON, MICHAEL, Giyn, W. E., Goapsy, W. H., GoppArp, Frepertc N., Goprrey, Mrs. E. D., GopwWwIn, HARoLp, * Deceased. TWELFTH GoLpscHMdpT, S. A., Gott, Epwarp, GoopHUE, CHARLES E., GoopHvuE, Mrs. S. C.,, GoopripGE, Mrs. F. G., GoopwIn, A. C., GOTTHELF, CHARLES, GoTTHELF, HERMAN, GoTTHOLD, FREDERIC, GouLp, CHARLES A,. GouLp, CHARLES W., GouLtp, Epwin, GouLp, GeorGE H., GoULDEN, JOSEPH A., Grant, R. S., Graves, WILLIAM L., GREEFF, ERNEST F., GREENE, GEN. FRANCIS V., GREENOUGH, JOHN, GREENWooD, Isaac J., GREER, CHARLES, Grecor, ELMER R., GRIFFITH, DANIEL J., GRINNELL, GEORGE Biro, GriscoM, CLEMENT A., GRISWOLD, CHESTER, Gross, FRANK, GUGGENHEIM, SIMON, GULLIVER, WILLIAM C., GURNEE, WALTER S., HaGueE, JAMEs D., HaicHt, CHARLES S., HAINneEs, CHARLES D., Harines, Henry F., HaALtock, CHARLES P., Hatts, WILLIAM, JR., Hatsteap, Miss L. P., HamersLey, Miss K. L., HaMERSLEY, Lours Gorpon, Hamitton, Miss ADELAIDE, ANNUAL REPORT. Hastincs, Mrs. THomas, HarTFIELp, THomAS F., HAVEMEYER, F. C., Jr., HaveMEYER, H. O., Jr., HAVEMEYER, J. C., HAVEMEYER, T. A., HaveEN, GEorGE G., Jr., Haven, J. Woopwarp, Havens, ALBERT G., HaweE, MatrHew, Haynes, WILLIAM DE Forest, HeEcKER, ANTON J., HeEcKSCHER, JOHN GERARD, Hences, Jos E., HEIMAN, ABRAHAM, HEIMAN, E., Herman, Mrs. SopuHie, * HEINS, GEORGE L., HEINSHEIMER, L. A., HEINTZ, JOHN C., HEITEMEYER, CLEMENS, Hetp, Dr. R. JOHNSON, HENCKEN, HANCKE, HENpDRICKS, FRANCIS, HENKEL, JOHN, HENRIQUES, Dr. H. A., HERMANN, FERDINAND, HERRMAN, Mrs. ESTHER, Herter, Dr. CHRISTIAN A., Herzoc, Lewis, Hess, SELMAR, Hewitt, Mrs. Asram S., Hewitt, Hereert H., HeEYNeE, F. W., (Bunn, IDs 1B Hitt, HEnry, Hits, Mrs. Arrrep K., Hityarp, GeorceE D., HINCHMAN, WALTER, HirscuH, CuHartes S., Hiss, PuItip, Hamitton, Miss ErizAretTH STEWART, HitcHcock, CENTER, HaAmILton, WILLIAM PIERSON, HAMMOND, JAMEs B., HAMMOND, Mrs. JoHN HENRY, Hanson, Pror. Harry D., HARBECK, CHARLES T., Harp, Anson W., Harp, Mrs. Anson W., HARDENBERGH, Mrs. JoHN A., HARDENBERGH, T. E., HarMon, Mrs. CLiFForn, Harper, LATHROP C., Harrison, GeorceE L., Jr., Harvey, Ex1, HASSLACHER, JACOB, HAsTINGs, JoHN W., HocuscuHILp, BERTHOLD, HopeNpPyL, ANTON G., Hor, RicHaArp M., Hoe, Mrs. Ricuarp M., Hoe, Mrs. Ropert, HorrMan, Mrs. E. A., Hoterook, Mrs. F. S., * HoLpEN, Epwin B., Hotpen, Epwin R., HoLpEen, GEorGE A., Hotuins, Henry B., EIOEEISTER, Jel. wel; Hort, Henry, Homans, Mrs. Epwarp C., Hootey, Epwin S., * Deceased. 19 20 NEW YORK Horr, M. G., Horrin, HAMILTON L., Hoprrin, SAMUEL HowWLAND, Hoppin, WittrAM- W., Jr., Hosxr, H. C,, Howe, Wirt, HowLanp, Henry E., Howtanp, Mrs. Henry E., Hoyt, CoLcGaTE, Hoyt, WALTER S., Hoyt, GERALD L., Hoyt, Gootp, Hoyt, Mrs. JESSE, Hucues, CuHartes E., Humpureys, Mrs. Epwarp WALSH, HuntinctTon, Rev. W. R., HuprFeEL, J. CHRISTOPHER G., Hussey, WittiAm H., Hustep, Miss M. KATHARINE, Hustep, Seymour L., Jr., Hutcuins, Aucustus SCHELL, Hutcuinson, Cary T., Hutter, Kart, Huy er, JoHN C., Hype, Aucustus L., Hype, B. T. Bassirtt, Hype, CLARENCE M., Hype, Dr. Frepertck E., IncHES, GEorGE B., lyancs) J: 0s INNESS, GEORGE, JR., InsLEE, Mrs. HELEN C., Irvin, Mrs. RICHARD, IsELIN, ADRIAN, JR., IsELIN, C. OLIVER, IsELIN, CoLtumMBuS O’DoNNELL, IsELIN, Miss GEORGINE, IsELIN, JoHN H., IsHAM, CHARLES H., IsHAM, SAMUEL, Lyory; Lc G., Jackson, FREDERIC WENDELL, Jackson, Dr. GrorGE THOMAS, Jackson, R. G,, Jackson, SAMUEL MACAULEY, Jacop, LAWRENCE, Tacopr, Dr. A., Jacosus, Joun S., JACQUELIN, HeErpert T. B., JACQUELIN, JOHN H., James, ARTHUR CuRTISS, James, Dr. Rosert C., James, Dr. Watter B., Janeway, Dr. Epwarp G., JENKINS, WILLIAM B., JENNINGS, FREDERICK B., JENNINGS, PHILANDER R., ZOOLOGICAL, SOCIETY. JENNINGS, WALTER, JESTER, CLAUDE W., Jounson, Mrs. F. Coir, Jounson, Guy B., Jounston, J. HERBERT, Jounston, SAMUEL D., Jounston, WiLL1AM J., JoLinE, ADRIAN HOFFMAN, Jones, H. Botton, Jones, DwicutT A., Jones, Lewis Q., Junson, H. J., Kaun, Louts, Kaun, Orto H., KALLMAN, CHARLES, Kamena, WILLIAM L., KANE, JOHN INNES, Kane, Miss Louisa LANGDON, * KANE, S. NICHOLSON, KeecuH, FRANK B., KeEL.tey, AUSTIN P., Kettocc, Mrs. CHARLES, KELLY, EUGENE, Kemp, ARTHUR T., KENNEDY, Epwarp Y., Kent, EpwIn C.,, KEPPEL, FREDERICK, KEUFFEL, WILHELM, KippDER, JAMES HATHAWAY, KILIAN, HENRY, KIMBALL, ALFRED R., Kinc, Epwarp, Kinc, JAMES Gore, Kinc, Mrs. Leroy, Kincs Neoke Kine, WiLtiAM F., KINNEY, Morris, KiTcHING, FRANK W., KITTREDGE, SAMUEL DANA, Kiaw, Marc, K Ler, BENJAMIN, KLEIN, ALFRED J., Knapp, Dr. HERMAN, Knapp, JoHn M., KNOEDLER, ROLAND F., KoeEniGc, JoHN J., KOHLMAN, CHARLES, KoccE, A. H., Kors, Gustave F., KUHNE, PERCIVAL, KuNHARDT, HENry R., KutftrorFr, ADOLF, Lacomse, Hon. E. HENry, Lapew, Mrs. Epwarp R., Lacat, Dr. GEORGE, LAMBERT, Dr. ALEXANDER, Lampert, Dr. A. V. S., * Deceased. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 21 LAMBERT, Dr. SAMUEL W., Lamont, Mrs. Daniet S., Lanpon, Mrs. E. H., LANDON, FRANCIS G., LANE, Epwarp V. Z., LANE, JAMES WARREN, Lance, Harry W., Lance, J. D., LANGELOTH, J., Lancpon, Woopsury G., JR., LANGMANN, Dr. GUSTAV, LANGSPECHT, CARL, LatHrop, FRANCIS, LATTING, CHARLES P., LaupDAUuER, I. N., LAWRENCE, Cyrus J., LAWRENCE, JOHN BuRLING, LAWRENCE, NEWBOLD T., LAWRENCE, TOWNSEND, LAWRENCE, WALTER BowEN, LAWRENCE, W. V., IWAMENG Jn D>, Lepoux, Dr. ALBERT R., Lee, Mrs. Freperic S., Ler, Pror. FREDERIC S., Ler, J. Bowers, Lee, Wittiam H. L., LEFFERTS, MARSHALL C., LEITNER, JACOB, LesH_Er, A. L., LETKEMANN, H. V., Levy, EMANUEL, Lewis, FREDERIC ELLiott, Lewis, Percy Pyne, Lewis, WapswortH RUSSELL, Lewis, Dr. WILLIAM J., LEWISOHN, ADOLPH, Liszey, O. B., LIEBENAU, ALBERT, LIEBERTZ, JOSEPH, LincoLn, LOWELL, LitcHFIELD, Epwarp H., LitTAUER, WILLIAM, LiIvINGSTON, WILLIAM S., LOBENSTINE, Wm. C., LocKwoop, WILtisTon B., *Locan, WALTER S., Lorp, Mrs. GEorceE DE Forest, LoweLL, Miss Cartotra RUSSELL, LoweLL, JAMEs B., Low, ETrHELBERT IDE, LUCKSINGER, JACQUES, LueEpER, A., Lusk, Pror. GRAHAM, LutTTGEN, WALTHER, LYMAN, FRANK, Lynpe, Francis E. P., * LyNnpE, Roiuin H., * McALAN, JOHN, McAtpin, Mrs. CHARLES W., McAtpPpIN, GEorGE L., McCuurg, S. S., McIntyre, THomas A., McKim, Rev. HAs_Lett, McKim, Joun A., McKim, LeRoy, McKINNEY, GLENN Forp, McLEAN, JAMES, McLean, MarsHALt, McVicxkar, Epwarp, Mack, Jacos W., MAcHEL, ADOLPH, Macray, Mrs. Rosert, Mactay, Isaac W., Macy, Georce H., MacEeer, JOHN, Macer, F. Rosert, Mau, WILLIAM, Marrs, Georce H., Matt, PIERRE, MANN, WILLIAM D’ALTON, Mapes, DANIEL, JrR., Mapes, Ernest S., Markog, Dr. J. W., MarLING, ALFRED E., Martor, Henry S., Mars, C. P., MARSHALL, CHARLEs H., Marston, Epwin S., Martin, WILLIAM R. H., MarTINEz, Micuat R., Masten, RicHarp R., MatTHews, THOMAS, MatTrHIEsseN, Miss Marie, MAXWELL, ROBERT, MEHL, HENry, MEHLTRETTER, CHARLES F., MEISSNER, Cart A., MELLEN, CHARLES S., MERKEL, AUGUST, Merritt, Henry C., * Meyer, THOMAS C., Meyrowitz, Emit B., MrIppLEBROOK, FREDERICK, MIKKELSEN, Mrs. M. A., DEMILHAU, Louris JoHN, Mirpank, ALBert J., Mriiter, Mrs. Cuartes E., Miter, RosweE Lt, MILLIKEN, S. M., Mitts, ABRAHAM G.,, Mitts, ANDREW, Minis.) Ox Mitmine, C. E., * Deceased. MitrcHELL, F. KENDALL, MircHeLL, H. RAYMOND, MoencH, Huveco, Morrat, GEORGE BARCLAY, MontTANT, ALPHONSE, MontTcoMeEry, RicHARD M., Moore, CASIMIR DE R., Moore, CHARLES ARTHUR, JR., Moore, Miss FaitH, Moore, Dr. Joun W., Moore, Miss K. T., Moore, Mrs. W. D., MorAWEtTZ, VICTOR, Morcan, Miss ANNIE T., Morcan, Miss C. L., Morcan, Epwin D., Morcan, GerorcE E., Morcan, GeorceE H., Morcan, Mrs. J. B., Morcan, Mrs. J. PIERPONT, Morcan, Junius S., Morcan, Mrs. Junius S., Morcan, Dr. Tuomas H., Morris, Dave H., Morris, ForDHAM, Morris, JOHN JAcos, Morris, Dr. Lewis RUTHERFURD, Morro, Epwarp, Morse, Cuartes H., MortiMeEr, RICHARD, Morton, A. L., Morton, Mrs. HENry SAMUEL, Mort, Henry C., Morr, Joun Bowen, Mort, JorpAN L., Jr., MveELter, CHARLES F., Munroe, Henry W., MurGaAtroypb, JOHN, Myers, JosePH G., Nertson, Dr. Howarnp S., Ne.tson, JAMES W., NESMITH, JAMES, NEUMER, FERDINAND, Nicuots, AcOosTA, NicuHots, Joun W. T., Nixes, Rosert L., Nope, ALFRED, NorrizE, A. LANFEAR, Norton, Georce F., * NoTMAN, JOHN, Noyes, Mrs. Henry D., O’ConNELL, MICHAEL, OGpEN, CHARLES W., Oxcott, DUDLEY, 2D, O.LseNn, CHArRLEs P., OLYPHANT, ROBERT, OLYPHANT, Ropert M., 22 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ONATIVIA, JOHN VICTOR, O’RourKE, JOHN F., Osporn, Mrs. Henry FAIRFIELD, OUTERBRIDGE, Dr. PAUL, Ovens, LatHaM J., OverToN, Dr. FRANK, ParntTer, Dr. H. McM., PALMER, S. S., Parsons, Epwin, Parsons, Mrs. Epwin, Parsons, H. be B., Parsons, JoHN E., Parsons, WILLIAM BARCLAY, Parsons, WILLIAM H., Paterson, R. W., PATTESON, CHARLES S., PAuL, JOHN J., Aus, Werle Or. PEABODY, STEPHEN, PELL, STEPHEN H. P., PENDLETON, FRANCIS Key, PENFOLD, WILLIAM HALL, PENNIMAN, GeorGE H., Percivar) eas Ds PERKINS, GEORGE W., PERKINS, Rosert P., PETERS, CHARLES G., PETERS, SAMUEL T.., Peters, WILLIAM RICHMOND, PFIZER, CHARLES, JR., PICKHARDT, CARL, PIEL, GOTTFRIED, Pret, MICHAEL, Pierce, Henry Cray, Pierrepont, Miss ANNA JAY, Pierson, GEN. J. FRED, PINcHOoT, GIFFORD, Piatt, FRANK H., Piatt, Miss Marion ERSKINE, PLyMPtTon, GILBERT M., Poccensure, H. F., Po.esiz, Max, PottocKk, GEorGE E., Poor, HENry V., Porter, CLARENCE, Porter, WILLIAM L., Post, ABRAM S., Post, Epwarp C., Post, GrorceE B., Jr., Rosie MRSiebien As Ves Post, WittrAm H., PosTLEY, CLARENCE A., Potter, Miss BLANCHE, Porrer, Epwarp CLARKSON, Porter, FREDERICK, Porrer, Miss Marra, Porrs, WiLL1AM Brevoort, * Deceased. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. Pratt, GreorcE D., PRENTICE, JOHN HILL, PRENTISS, GEORGE LEWIS, PRIME, Miss CorNELIA, Prince, Epwarp §., Prince, Pror. J. DYNELEY, PrYER, CHARLES, PuTNAM, WILLIAM A., PyLe, JAMES TOLMAN, Pyne, Mrs. M. Taytor, QuIntTarD, Dr. Epwarp, * RAND, GEORGE C., RANDALL, FRANK E., RANDOLPH, EpMuND D., RANDOLPH, WILLIAM W., Ranrr, RICHARD, RAPALLO, Epwarp S., RATHBORNE, RICHARD C., RaucH, WILLIAM, RAWLINS, J. ARMSTRONG, READ, WILLIAM A., RepmMonpD, Miss E., REDMOND, HEnry S., ReEED, CHARLES, Reese, T. T., REIMER, Otto E., REINCKE, E. A., REINHARDT, GEORGE N., ReyNo tps, E. B., REYNOLDS, JAMES BroNSON, RHINELANDER, CHARLES E., RHINELANDER, FREDERIC W., RHINELANDER, Miss SERENA, RicHARD, AUGUSTE, RicHarp. Epwin A., Ricuarps, E. O., . RIKER, JOHN L., RIKER, SAMUEL, Riptey, H. Ditton, RIPLEY, JULIAN A., ~ Rietey, Louis A., Rives, GeorGceE L., Rogppins, CHANDLER, Rosertson, Mrs. Fanny P., Ropertson, R. H., Rospinson, EpWArp, Roprnson, Ext K., Ropinson, G. H., Roginson, G. N., Ropinson, Henry A., Ropison, WILLIAM, Rockwoop, Witiiam H., Roe, CHARLES F., Ror, Frank O., Roe, Irvine L., ROELKER, ALFRED, IROGERS, Belz: Rocers, JAMes H., RoKENBAUGH, Henry S., RoMAINE, W. Tyson, Rooseve_t, W. EMLEN, Roor, E.inu, Rose, JoHN J., Rossiter, ARTHUR W., Rossiter, E. V. W., Roru, Freperick G. R., RotHWELL, JAMEs E., RowELL, GEORGE P., ROWLAND, THOMAS, RuNGIUS, CARL, RuNYON, CARMAN R., RUPPERT, JACOB, Ruppert, Mrs. JAcop, Rupert, JUSTUS, RUSSELL, ARCHIBALD D., RYAN, J. D., RYLE, ARTHUR, Sir Jonna Es, SACKETT, CLARENCE, Sackett, Miss GEertrubeE T., Sackett, Mrs. S. E., * SaGE, DEAN, SAGE, JoHN H., SaGE, Mrs. RUSSELL, SAMpsoN, CuHar-es E., SAUTER, FREDERICK, SCHAEFER, HENRY, ScCHANCK, GEORGE E., SCHANG, FREDERICK, SCHAUE, C. F., SCHEFER, CARL, SCHIEFFELIN, Mrs. H. M., SCHIEFFELIN, WILLIAM JAY, SCHILLING, Ropert H., SCHIRMER, GUSTAV, SCHIRMER, RupoLpH FE. Scumipt, F. Leopotp, SCHNEIDER, G. E., SCHNIEWIND, F., ScHOLLE, A. H., ScHULTZE, JouN S., ScHUYLER, Miss Loursa LEE, ScHWwarz, Henry F., Scott, Hon. Francis M., Scott, WILLIAM, ScrIBNER, ARTHUR H.., ScryMsErR, JAMES A., Sears, Rosert B., SEDGWICK, ROBERT, SEE, Aw B;, Seitz, ARTHUR, SELIGMAN, ALFRED L.., SELIGMAN, JEFFERSON, SETON, ALFRED, JR., * Deceased 23 24 NEW YORK SEWALL, FRED. W., SEXTON, LAWRENCE E., SEYBEL, DANIEL E., SuHapiro, D., SHAW, CHARLES HERBERT, SHAW, JAMES G,, SHAaw, WALTER W., Sueets, Dr. E. A, SHEFFIELD, JAMES R., SHELDON, GEORGE R., SHELDON, WILLIAM C., SHipway, JOHN H., SHOEMAKER, Henry W., SHURTLEFF, RoSWELL Morse, SIEGEL, JACOB, SitLteck, HENRY G., JR, SrttecK, Mrs. Henry G., Jr., SILLIMAN, HARPER, Simmons, JosEPH F., Srmpson, JOHN W., Simpson, WILLIAM, SINCLAIR, JOHN, SKEEL, FRANK D., SxipMorE, WILLIAM L., SLADE, FRANcIS Louis, SMILEY, DANIEL, SMILLIE, CHARLES F., SmMILuizE, JAMES D., SmitH, Dr. A. ALEXANDER, SmitH, AUGUSTINE J., SmitH, ARTHUR, SmitH, F. M., SmirH, H. SANBORN, SMITH, JAMES, * SmitH, J. Henry, SmiryH, Lucius H., Smiru, NATHANIEL S., SmiTH, Pur S., SmitrH, Rosert W., SmitH, Dr. SAMUEL, Smiru, WILLIAM. ALEXANDER, SMITHERS, CHARLES, SmitHers, F. S., * SmyTH, Pup A., Snow, C. G., SoLTMANN,. E. G., SorcHon, Mrs. Vicror, SouTHACK, FREDERICK, SPEAR, JAMES, JR., SpEDDEN, FREDERIC O., * SpeirR, Mrs, CecitrA M., SPENCER, LORILLARD, SPIEGELBERG, F., SpitzNER, GEorce W., Srorrorp, Mrs. J. L., Sprinc, Miss ANNA RIKER, Spurr, E. W., ZOOLOGICAL. SOCIETY. Souiss, CHARLES F., Sqguipss, Dr. Epwarp H., STAFFORD, WILLIAM FREDERICK, STANDISH, MyYLEs, * STANTON, JOHN, STANTON, JOHN R., Starr, Louis Morris, STEBBINS, JAMES H., STECHER, HENRY BALFoUR, STECKER, ADAM A., Steers, HENRY, STEEVES, JOHN F., STEIL, GEORGE H., STEINBECK, EDWARD, STEPHENS, OLIN J., STERN, ISAAC, STERN, VESTY J., STEVENS, ALEXANDER H., STEVENS, FREDERIC W., STEVENSON, Pau EVE, STEWART, WILLIAM R., STILLMAN, Miss CHARLOTTE R., STILLMAN, JAMES A., STILLMAN, THoMAS B., * STILLMAN, L. E., Stimson, Dr. DANIEL M., Stokes, H. B., Stokes, Miss Orivia E. PHELpPs, Stone, Mason A., STONE, WALTER KING, Stout, ANDREW V., Strout, JosEPH S., Stow, GEorGE G., SrrancE, A. B., * STRATFORD, Pror. WILLIAM C.,, STRAUSS, FREDERICK, STREAT, JAMES, STREETER, D. D., Jr., StronG, THERON G., Sturces, HENRY C., STUYVESANT, RUTHERFURD, SULLIVAN, Mrs. JAMEs, Sutron, WoopruFr, Swan, ALDEN S., Swayne, Francis B., SwENsoN, S. J., Taper, Miss Mary, Tart, Henry W., TALCOTT, JAMES, TATHAM, CHARLES, ‘Fatum, A. H., TaytLor, Dwicut W., ‘TAYLOR, GEORGE, Taytor, Mrs. Henry Osporn, Tayior, Henry R., TAYLor, Hersert C., TAYLOR, JAMES B., * Deceased. TWELFTH TAyYLor, KNox, Taytor, Lioyp, Taytor, Moses, TayLor, STEVENSON, Tenney, C. H., Terry, JoHN T., Terry, Rev. RopERICK, TuacHer, Mrs. GreorGe W., THACHER, THOMAS, THAYER, Harry BATES, Tuomas, Dr. ALLEN M., Tuomas, SETH E., THORNDIKE, Dr. TowNSEND W., THORNE, JONATHAN, THORNE, NEWBERRY D., Tuorne, W. V. S., Tirrany, Louis C., Titrorp, Henry M., Titt, BENJAMIN B., Titton, JosEPpH W., TIMKEN, J. HENry, TIMMERMANN, HEnry G., Top, J. KENNEDY, ROO, lale 1S Tousry, WILLIAM, TOWNSEND, Epwin S., TOWNSEND, ISAAC, TowNSEND, J. HENRY, TOWNSHEND, JOHN, Tows, Coz Downine, TRASK, SPENCER, TROSTEL, FERDINAND, TROWBRIDGE, FREDERICK K., Truax, Hon. CHARLES H., Trustow, T. Brooks, TUCKERMAN, ALFRED, TUCKERMANN, PAUL, Turnure, Mrs. ARTHUR, TurNure, Geo. E., TWEDDELL, WILLIAM H., Unperwoop, WiILL1AM LYMAN, UpMANN, CARL, VALENTINE, Dr. WILLIAM A., VAN BeureEN, FREDERICK T., JR., VAN CorTLANDT, AUGUSTUS, VANDERBILT, ALFRED G., VANDERPOEL, Mrs. JoHN A., VAN DER SMISSEN, Dr. G. J., Van EmpurcH, D. B., Van Nest, Mrs. ALEXANDER T.., Van Nest, G. WILLETT, Van Norven, THEODORE LANGDON, Van Norven, WarNER M., * VAN PELT, GILBERT S., VAN WINKLE, Epcar B., Van Wyck, WILLIAM, * VARNUM, JAMES M., ANNUAL REPORT. Verpi, Miss Mary, VIELE, HERMAN K., Victor, A., VocEL, HERMAN, WADDINGTON, GEORGE, WADSWORTH, CLARENCE S., WapswortH, W. P., WAGNER, OTTO, Wacne_r, H. Wo. C., WacstarFFr, C. Du Bors, WAINWRIGHT, J. Howarp, Watcott, FREDERIC C., WALKER, GEORGE L., WALKER, GEORGE W., WALLER, RopsertT, JR., WaALsH, SAMUEL A., WANNINGER, CHARLES, Warpurc, Paut M., Warp, ARTEMAS, Warp, Mrs. GrEorGE CABort, Warp, Henry C., Warp, J. Q. A., WaARDNER, HENRY STEELE, WarRDWELL, WILLIAM T., WarrEN, JOHN Hopart, WarrEN, LLoyp, WATERBURY, JOHN I., Watson, CHARLES- F., Watson, Rev. J. HENry, WEATHERBEE, Epwin H., Weaver, R. H., Wess, F. EGERTON, Wess, Dr. W. SEWARD, WEBER, CHARLES, WEEKS, JAMES, WELLS, OLIVER J., WENDELL, Evert JANSEN, WENDELL, GORDON, WENDELL, Mrs. JAcop, WERTHEIM, H. P., Westover, M. F., Wetmore, EpMUND, WHEELER, Everetr P., WHeeEtock, Dr. GEORGE G., Wuirte, ALAIN C., Wuite, Horace, Wuitt, JOHN JAY, Wuite, LEonarD D., WHITE, S. V., Wuite, WILLIAM W., WHITEHOUSE, J. HENRY, WHITEHOUSE, WILLIAM F., Wuitinc, Dr. CHARLES A., Wuitinc, Miss GERTRUDE, WHITING, GILES, WHITMAN, CLARENCE, WHITMAN, WILLIAM, JR., * Deceased. 25 26 NEW YORK Wuirtney, Miss E. C., Wuutripce, F. W., WICKERSHAM, GEORGE W., WieneER, FELIx F., Witkins, F. H., WILLETS, JoHN T., WittiAMS, Mrs. G. G.,, WituiaMs, Ricuarp H., Jr., Witrams, Mrs. Percy H., WituraMs, Mrs. R. H., JR, WILLIAMS, THOMAS, WILLIAMS, WALDRON, WILLOUGHBY, Wits, CHARLES T., Witson, Dr. EpmMunp B., Witson, GEorGE T., Witson, Henry R., WILTSEE, ERNEST, WINANT, FREDERICK, WINCKELBACH, L. O., Winturop, Ecerton L., Winturop, Ecerton L., Jr., WintuHrop, Ropert DuDLEY, WISNER, CHARLES, Miss Mary Carew, ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. WITHERBEE, FRANK S., WirtHaus, Dr. RupotpH A., Wot rr, EMIL, Woop, ARNOLD, Woop, GILBERT CONGDON, Woop, J. WALTER, Woop, WILLIAM CONGDON, Woop, WitL1AM H. S., Woopcock, EpwIn, Woopuous.E, J. S., Woopwarp, JAMES T., WokrcesteER, WILFRED J., Wricut, J. DUNBAR, Wricut, Mrs. J. Hoop, Wricut, JoHN Howarp, Wricut, Mrs. Maser Oscoop, Younc, A. Murray, YouNG, FREDERICK STAFFORD, Younc, GrEorGE W., Younc, JOHN ALVIN, YouNG, JoHN W., Younc, RicHarpD N., ZABRISKIE, ANDREW C., ZINSSER, AUGUST, Corresponding Members. Barzour, Mrs. S. E., Brown, HERBERT, Brown, WILLIAM HARVEY, CornisH, C. J., Exrop, M. J., GoLpINnG, Capt. THOs., GRIFFITH, WILLIAM A., STONE, ANDREW J., Witson, T. E. Summary of Membership. Beneractorsy =. oeee ee eee HoUunderSaee eee eo Associate Founders ....... Patrons Life Members Annual Members ......... a, {o .e! Speuie ef ee ae) es) leis .e = ye oe) (0) (0) 03 6) o.Ne! 0) eye. eb e) 6 Sel le a felie S16) ce ehane one leyo.,@ e160, 16 @: 0) 01 =) a) Je ive) 0,076 Je) wie) eo jene © (0,01 '@) 0,0) 6). 6. 046 .0)j0},0 0 lee al eps is) (0) 1e) eenere © Ye) eure) aie) 4a) Xo) ia) 0° 0. opel ©. 0: ae’ Le lela! Je) ee! ome @ilei evie. oe iwh eile (ej.e. © 67 eLene, 06 0) ers ee serene eo) =o. 0).0, © 8) 0-0) <<) 0 [elie 0.) ee (01 e, 0110's) Le, atm one Corresponding and Honorary Members................ Total Membership .... 193 1s TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. oy Qualifications for Reqular Membership. Annual Members ..... $ 10 Associate Founders ....$ 2,500 Life Members .....;.. 20 eI OUNGCES © hs ok ue 5,000 SEEORS) oe fae eke we as 1,000. sbenetactors -..-. 6.2 2. .25;000 Form of Bequest. I do hereby give and bequeath to the “NEw YorK ZOOLOGICAL Society,” of the City of New York, ‘[OOg Uoly-vag oY} puv spiIq Surysiod 1OF OsNOP]T p.rgE Mou oy} Surmoys “LMNOOD GANIVEA AO NOTLYNOd ms seen, = BaF Le me ime A REPORT? OF ie ex ePeUrivrn COMMITTEE TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS. HE Executive Committee of the Board of Managers of the New York Zoological Society has the satisfaction of reporting another year of continuous and substantial progress, especially along the lines of scientific work. The Zoological Park and the Aquarium have continued to enjoy an extraordinary measure of public approval, as is best evidenced by the fact, that during the year 1907, 1,276,041 peo- ple visited the Zoological Park, and 2,131,393 visited the Aqua- rium, making the striking total of visitors to the two institutions of 3,407,434. The cost to the City for providing amusement, recreation and scientific instruction to this great crowd was about five and one-half cents per visitor. During the past year the most important permanent improve- ments comprised the partial construction of the Elephant House: the completion of the northern retaining walls, steps and balus- trades of Baird Court; the construction of the western approach to Baird Court; the construction of the Plaza at the Boston Road Entrance; the completion of the West Farms Block; the completion of the West Farms Entrance to the Park; the re- modeling of the Elk Corrals, Mountain Goat Corrals, and other enclosures for North American Deer; and the construction of important new walks. The construction of the Entrance Pavil- ions, Concourse Approach and Concourse at the north end of the Park is nearly finished. The membership of the Society on January 1, 1908, was as follows: BEN CEACLORG roe ac. oe Bate ee ae ete eet 4 | E(OYTIG (VPS ANS ee Ue ON eRe oe Oe ce 21 EUS SOCIAL ee HOUIMGCEES a 2h Mitte tse. piste scsi s Sr syaiie's I2 JETRO TOY Sv ey inleleet er ee eee AI HBR Meni ets Sie tacit) os ene ered he, xy 193 MII leae VERCTIDERS a). Scicfar ne to hen als feds oc 1,335 Corresponding and Honorary Members.... 18 Rota ginembeESipr eon. -e.. - = det soa 1,024 30 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. FINANCES. Animal Fund:—During the year 1907 special sub- scriptions have been received toward the Animal Pind amounting £0" 22 22 es ors oe eee $3,907.00 Received fram sale Of animals 22452 foci... 40s eee 2235 50 Received. front Park privilecies: iii = oe 12,582.35 Balance from ‘the: year 10060 fe 22625 7-0 see 1,355-16 ‘Total receipts.c 42.2 schet-e te et ee $20,180.01 During the year there was expended for animals the SUM OF. 2.25.6 hs ees eee ee ee ee 18,854.68 Balarice January: 5 TQOGh 42s f: eioe te ee $1,325.33 Income Account.—The Income Account has been heavily taxed during the year to maintain the work of the Society outside of that for which funds have been supplied by the City. It has been barely sufficient to meet the needs of the Society, and showed, at the Ist of January, 1908, a balance of $100. The smallness of this amount emphasizes the constant need for an increased membership. General Fund.—The General Fund shows a_ balance of $1,706.80. Ground Improvement Fund.—On January 1, 1907, there was a balance in the Ground Improvement Fund of $313,580.32, and during the year $100,000 in addition has been received from the City; also $3,049.78, being the premium on the sale of bonds. During the year the sum of $266,873.05 has been expended, leaving a balance of $149,757.05 available for new construction at the Park. Maintenance of the Zoological Park—The amount provided for the maintenance of the Park for 1907, $141,558.75, was, by very close economy during the year, found sufficient to main- tain the Park. The City has appropriated for maintenance for the year 1908, the sum of $154,627.00, which is an increase of $13,068.25 over the year 1907. This increase in the maintenance was extremely timely, and was particularly gratifying to your Committee as’proof of the confidence of the present administra- tion in the management of the Park. Maintenance of the Aquarium.—The amount appropriated for the maintenance of the Aquarium for 1907 was $45,000, which TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 31 has proved sufficient to maintain that institution during the year. The same amount has been provided for 1908. Aquarium Improvement Fund—A small balance of $900.67 remained in this fund on January 1, 1908, and will be scarcely sufficient to complete the improvements now going on. Detailed statements of the above accounts are set forth in the Treasurer’s report. Upon the closing of the Knickerbocker Trust Company, in which the Society had its funds, a new account was opened with the Farmers Loan and Trust Company on the same basis as with the Knickerbocker Trust Company. The accounts with the Knickerbocker Trust Company were closed up in a satisfactory manner by the payment by the Society of a net overdraft due the Trust Company, so that none of the funds of the Society are now tied up in any way. IMPORTANT GIFTS TO THE PARK. The most important gifts during the year have been: A pair of Elephant Tusks, presented by Mr. Charles T. Barney; two Kodiak bears, presented by Mr. E. H. Harriman; a Yucatan deer, presented by Mr. William A. Lawrence; a donation of- $3,000, presented by Mr. Frederick G. Bourne; $457, presented by Mr. Samuel Thorne, and $450, presented by Mr. Jacob Schiff. NEW BUILDINGS AND INSTALLATIONS. The construction of the Elephant House began early in the spring of 1907, and was prosecuted throughout the year with great vigor. Thus far the work of the contractor, F. T. Nesbit & Company, has been of the most satisfactory character, and the building bids fair to become one of the best and most mechani- cally perfect structures in the Zoological Park. At the close of 1907 the structure was about one-third complete. Work on the yards surrounding the Elephant House has been held up because of the financial crisis, but it is believed that the postponement is only temporary. The plans for the ironwork of the yards have long been ready to transmit to the Park De- partment, and as soon as conditions permit, a contract for this work will be let. The Public Comfort Building on the Boston Road is about four-fifths complete. At the latest this building should be ready for use by the spring of the present year. 32 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. The new Soda Pavilion, immediately south of the Aquatic Bird House, is rapidly going forward, and will undoubtedly be ready for use by the beginning of the business season of 1908. This structure is about half complete. The western approach to Baird Court was satisfactorily com- pleted in September, and was immediately made available for use. PLANS FOR 1908. During 1908 the Society hopes to complete the Elephant House and its surrounding yards, but as this is an undertaking of great magnitude, the work may extend into 19009. In the spring of 1908 the Concourse will be thrown open, and will afford ready access for automobiles and carriages to the north end of Baird Court. A large amount of planting will be necessary to carry out the design of this entrance, but it is hoped that it will be entirely completed during the vear. The plans for the Administration Building are completed and in the hands of the Park Department, and as soon as the condi- tion of the finances of the City warrant it, this contract will be let. With this building once in use the members of the Society will have a headquarters at the Park, and the privileges con- nected with the use of this building will greatly enhance the value of membership in the Society. ANIMAL COLLECTIONS. The collection of living animals showed for the year a marked increase over the number on hand at the end of 1908. The sum- mary is as follows: Manitnalc.t enw nee: 188 Species 607 Specimens BITS sate ede Woe BACs. cies 2,530 s Reptiles and Amphi- BiaNS: cc. acm eee 134) 695 897 ss Rota 22. Nese 865 is 4,034 The most notable addition of the year consisted of an Indian rhinoceros, secured in May, of Carl Hagenbeck at a cost of $6,000. The specimen was then about a year and a half old. Unfortunately the sight of one eye was defective, but with this exception the animal has remained in excellent health, and has TWELFTH: ANNUAL. REPORT. 33 grown satisfactorily. It bids fair to make a good representative of this important species, specimens of which are very rarely seen in captivity. Two young African elephants were purchased from Carl Hagenbeck for $4,000, and have proved to be vigorous and healthy. The bison herd has been increased during the year by the birth of twelve calves, two of which, however, were born on the Wichita Forest Reserve in the new Bison Range which has been stocked by the Zoological Society. This represents a very high percentage of births for the number of adult female bison on hand on January 1, 1907. With but one exception all these young animals are living and doing well. Comparative tables showing the relative numbers of living animals in our Park and in European Zoological Gardens appear on page 55. FORESTRY DEPARTMENT. During the year 1907 the most important planting operations were the initial planting of the West Farms Block and around the Boat House; the completion of the planting at the Boston Road Entrance, and the planting of the Italian Garden at the north end of Baird Court. Of all the ornamental planting in the Park, the Italian Garden is the most important and conspicuous. It consists chiefly of ornamental evergreens banked against tall red cedars of varying height, four groups of which surround an interior of flowers and box hedges. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. The Medical Department continues to reap the benefits derived from its constantly increasing knowledge of the diseases of wild animals. The death rate remains at the low mark of the past few years, and no animal of great value was lost during the past vear. Aside from a mild epidemic of distemper among the small mammals, which was quickly controlled, no serious diseases have occurred. Tuberculosis among the primates stil] continues to be an unimportant factor in the death rate. This good record is due, in a great measure, to the careful quarantine regulations enforced. The health of the hoofed animals has been excellent, and the increased number of births among these animals during 1907 is the best indication that a healthy environment has been established. 34 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. EAST SIDE EXTENSION. The condition of the forest territory to the east of the Zoological Park has continued unsatisfactory owing to the in- ability of the City to properly police it, and protect the trees standing on this newly acquired land from destruction. The Society is doing all it can to urge on the authorities the impor- tance of protecting this area, and some change in the status of this land will probably occur in the near future. BRONX PARKWAY COMMISSION. The law creating the Bronx Parkway Commission was passed during the year, and signed by the Governor, who thereupon ap- painted as members of this Commission, Mr. Madison Grant, as President, together with Mr. William White Niles and Mr. James G. Cannon. ‘There is every reason to believe that the plans of the Commission will be carried out as soon as funds can be supplied by the City for that purpose. These plans in- volve regulating the Bronx River and its protection from, con- tamination. They also provide for an extension of Bronx Park northward for thirteen miles to the Kensico Dam, and include the entire erosion valley of the Bronx River. This will mean that the Bronx Lake and River in the Zoological Park will be preserved and protected for all time. If, by any chance, these plans should not be carried out, it will be only a question of time when the water supply in the river will either entirely disappear, or become so contaminated as to render its present use in the Park an impossibility. NEW YORK AQUARIUM. During the year the work of improvement at the Aquarium was continued. The work of installing a closed system of cir- culation by means of lead-lined pipes is practically completed, and will be put in operation early in the coming year. A feed- water heater for the boilers was installed, with a view to de- creasing the consumption of coal, and a bronze salt-water heater was also installed. The Aquarium continued its aid to the teachers in the Public Schools, which forms a valuable part of the educational system of New York City. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 35 On May 23, 1907, occurred the centennial of the construction of the original fort known as Southwest Battery, and after the War of 1812 as Castle Clinton and Castle Garden, and as finally The Aquarium. As on this day also occurred the two hun- dredth anniversary of the birth of Linnzeus, it was made the oc- casion of a double celebration in commemoration of these events. INTERNATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL CONGRESS. On August 19, 1907, the Seventh International Zoological Congress convened in Boston. The regular sessions in Boston were attended by several members of the New York Zoological Society, who presented various scientific papers. On August 260, the Congress arrived in New York, and in the entertainment of the Congress during that week, the members of the Zoological Society took an active part. Thursday, August 29, was devoted to the Zoological Park and Aquarium. All the members of the Congress were personally conducted through the Zoological Park and shown its collections. Luncheon was served in the Lion House. In the evening the Congress was entertained at the Aquarium with a reception. NATIONAL COLLECTION OF HEADS AND HORNS. During the year the National Collection of Heads and Horns has been increased by numerous valuable gifts from American sportsmen. The most important accession was the famous Reed Collection of heads and horns of Alaskan moose, caribou, walrus, bear and mountain sheep. The entire collection was pur- chased by Emerson McMillin, Esq., and delivered at the Zoologi- cal Park, free of all cost to the Society. It has been stored, tem- porarily, in one of the rooms of the Lion House, which has been temporarily assigned to the collection of heads and horns. Mr. George L. Harrison, Jr., of Philadelphia, presented four- teen mounted heads of African antelopes and gazelles; Mr. J. R. Bradley, presented mounted heads of the Siberian argali, waterbuck, Coke’s hartebeest, impala antelope and Atlantic walrus; Mr. Madison Grant presented two heads of white mountain sheep which were collected at the most northerly limit of the distribution of that species, a pair of walrus tusks which are believed to be the largest known; Mr. Caspar Whitney pre- sented a head of wood bison, from the Peace River country, Athabasca; Mr. Thomas D. Leonard presented a mounted head of an American elk and numerous other gifts were received. ‘DAIOSIIg CHYIAA 9} Ul PIoy oyy WTO; MOU Woy} FO JoqUrnee vy “MUVd ‘I JOIOOZ AHL NI GNAH NOSIG AHL AO Luvd TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 37 The number of gifts that have been received during the past year indicate a keen interest on the part of the American sports- men in the upbuilding of the National Collection of Heads and Horns, and it is now reasonably certain that the plan for two complete series of heads and horns of the ungulates of the world will be consummated within a comparatively short time. The collection will be installed in the Administration Building as soon as that building is ready to receive it, and at that time a special effort will be made to add largely to the collection. Mean- time the Society will be grateful to receive large specimens of heads, horns or antlers of game, all of which will be properly protected in a fireproof building. NATIONAL BISON HERD. On October 10, 1907, in accordance with the offer of the Society to the Government, fifteen bison were selected from our herd and shipped to the new range that has been made by the National Government on the Wichita Reserve. The shipment was accompanied by Mr. H. R. Mitchell and Mr. E. R. Sanborn, and the animals arrived in excellent condition. The Wells Fargo Express Company, the American Express Company, the New York Central and Hudson River R. R. Co., and the St. Louis and San Francisco R. R. Co., furnished free transportation for the two carloads of bison and their attendants, from New York to Cache. The Forestry Bureau of the National Government erected corrals, sheds, etc., in accordance with plans furnished by the Zoological Society, and every effort is being put forth to care for the bison in a scientific manner. The following letter has been received from the Hon. James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY. WASHINGTON, D. C., February 4, 1908. Mr. Mapison Grant, Secretary New York Zoological Society, New York City. Dear Sir: I wish to extend to you my sincere appreciation of the bison herd your society presented to the Forest Service. The buffaloes arrived in excellent condition at their destination in Oklahoma, and have thrived since being placed in the enclosure built for them. They were sprayed with crude petroleum and other methods taken to prevent their becoming infected with fever ticks. The animals are now being fed on alfalfa hay and are supplied with pure, fresh water from a well built for the purpose. I wish to assure you that your magnificent gift is keenly appreciated, and that you have my sympathy and admiration for the great work your society is doing. Very truly, James WILson, Secretary. 38 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL” SOCIEGY PUBLICATIONS. During the year the Annual Report and three Bulletins have’ been published and sent to all the members of this Society, together with a special August edition of the Bulletin, which was - issued for the visit of the Seventh International Zoological Congress to New York. This issue of the Bulletin took the place of the regular October number. A pamphlet on the Na- tional Collection of Heads and Horns was also prepared and sent out to all members during the year. A new Guide Book has been prepared and has been sent to all members. GAME PROTECTION. The establishment of the Wichita herd of Bison has been the most dramatic event in the year in the direction of game protec- tion. During the summer the Secretary of the Society visited Alaska and traversed the entire interior of the country, giving special attention to the conditions of game. Mr. Grant’s notes on this subject and on the animal life in Alaska are published in this anual report. During the first four months of 1907, Mr. G. O. Shields was employed as the Society’s Special Agent for Game Protection. During that period Mr. Shields worked diligently with the legis- latures of thirty-five States, which then were in session, to secure certain amendments to their game laws which were deemed nec- essary, and also to secure the passage of certain new laws. Mr. Shield’s campaign to prevent the use of the automatic gun was continued, and it was chiefly through his efforts that the Penn- sylvania Legislature finally enacted a law prohibiting the use of that weapon. The same bill was introduced in the legislatures of several other States; but the opposition to its passage was so strong, and so well organized, that success was attained in Penn- sylvania only. Mr. Shields inaugurated a movement for the protection of the gray squirrel for five years, and succeeded in securing the passage of bills to that end in the legislatures of New York, New Hampshire, Indiana and Nebraska. Unfor- tunately, the bill which passed the Legislature of the State of New York was vetoed by Governor Hughes; but in the other States mentioned, the legislative action became a law. The Society’s agent contributed materially to the enactment, by the Connecticut Legislature, of a law prohibiting the spring shooting of migratory wild fowl. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 39 Owing to an unfortunate shortage of funds for game protec- tion measures, it was impossible to continue Mr. Shield’s services as the Society’s agent after May 1, 1907. OBITUARY. The death of Mr. Charles T. Barney, long Chairman of this Committee, was a great loss to the Society and to the individual members of this Committee. The Committee took immediate action in the matter, and the obituary notice passed by them at the time of Mr. Barney’s death is set forth in full below. To honor Mr. Barney still further, his son, Mr. James W. Barney, was elected to take his place on the Board of Managers. During the year the Society lost two of its patrons, Mr. Henry O. Havemeyer and Mr. D. Willis James, and also lost, through death, the services of one of its architects, Mr. George L. Heins, to whose skill the architecture in the Zoological Park is much indebted, and to whose interest in the Society this Committee desires to make public record. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The Committee desires to express its appreciation of the con- tinued devotion to the interests of the Society of the Director of the Zoological Park, and of the Director of the Aquarium. The staffs of both the Park and the Aquarium have been loyal and devoted to their work, and the Committee desires to take this opportunity to express its sense of appreciation. The Com- mittee desires also to acknowledge the courtesy and interest shown by the Mayor, Hon. George B. McClellan, and by the Comp- troller, Hon. Hernian A. Metz, and to the President of the Park Board. The members of the Park Department for the Borough of the Bronx have been uniformly helpful and friendly toward the work at the Park, and special acknowledgement is here made to Commissioner Joseph I. Berry, to Mr. Martin Schenck, Chief Engineer; Mr. William P. Hennessy, Assistant Engineer, and Mr. G. K. Ackermann, Chief Clerk, and this Society, desires to record its appreciation of their co-operation. Respectfully submitted, Henry FAIRFIELD Osporn, Chairman, Maptson GRANT, WILLIAM Waite NILEs, Joun S. BARNEs, SAMUEL THORNE, Percy R. Pyne, Levi P. Morton, er officio. January 1, 1908. Resolution of the Executive Committee of the Board of Managers of the New Work Zoological Society passed Movember 21, 1907 Charles Cracy Barney who died at the City of New Dork, November 14, 1907, became a member of the original Board of Managers of the New Dork Zoological Society in 1895. Jn 1900 he was elected a member of the Executive Committe, and in 1904 was elected Chairman of the Executive Committee, an office which he filled with qreat enthusiasm - and a generous expenditure both of time and of monep until be was suddenly taken away from us. He was always most liberal minded, most hospitable to new ideas, and kept before him at all times a large con- ception of the Park as an ideal civic institution for the pleasure and education of the entire public. Such a conception of the duties of citbenship commands our lasting gratitude and justly entitles him to a lasting appreciation on the part of the citsens of Mew Dork. His fellow members on the Executive Committee Desire to record their deep sense of personal loss, and their warm appreciation of his services to the Zoological Park and to the Zoological Society. Creasurer’s Reports. For THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1907. The annual expenditures of the various funds are shown tn the appended statements. General Fund. Casheine Preasurys, January 1 TOO7. 4.5.05... 2- RECEIPTS. Salesof Aquarium Publications. .......¢....... EXPENDITURES. ATGeMitectss «GOmmiSsions =. «sm. 4s. o.4 oes eee imconresr Account: (Clranstem)) 2.2.6.0. 00 5.5. Gash) Balance, December 31; 1907....2.5...0..- H. R. MitcuHe.t, Chief Clerk. January I, 1908. $6,077.52 Percy R. PyYNE, Treasurer. 42 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Income Account. Cash in Treasury, January 1, 1007... 44-4. RECEIPTS, Life membership) ess f-eornse coer eae Asmiial, diesen. 56 .d/ tee oo ee cee eee eee eee Stokesy (birds fund) S26 osc eee ae eee toe Aquariam publications'.;.... Js... -=-een-e eee General’ fund’ \(@inansfer)— 2-50. oo cee ee Interest ve ens Sable nos tate eee eee eee Stationery,and! office suppliess. ss... a. seer Annual SReportgeerce eee eee are eee ere General! ‘office ‘expenses? (2-222 52 cen soe eee eibranya, 32 cc hee ee a er Bee eee Marline® circulars neneoee Oa reore cece een Miscellaneous ‘expenses! © -m.2-2-1se-e ees nase = Photographs and) ‘slides sae 4 eee cee ee Treasurer's office expenses ....2....--.2:0::-- Bille ting ee seyeste nee se soe ole oe Salaty- sot Secretany. 23,25 -ci ness ae eee Game nprotection one. eeeee eet ae rer Munzievdamagce suitis).. 26.654 0 eee Aquariums cc nase sok en eee eres Heads#andshoms 7... sages a7 aaa eee Scientific presearch ae eee eee eee eee Employers’ imstitance>..7-.4.-ocst ace sore Audit Of accounts eeree eee eee eee Leena Expense “of lectures: “ac, 9as. 2 eee eo innceany celebration sae e eee ee eee ee Salary and expenses of Librarian ............ Publication of «Zoologica. sz... peace ee Cash balance, December 31, 1907.............. ’ H. R. MitcHe 1, Chief Clerk. January 1, 1908. $800.00 $406.81 17,243.64 $17,650.45 17,536.44 114.01 $17,650.45 Percy R. Pyne, Treasurer. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 43 Animal Fund. Gashe ine neasury,. Jalluaty Wy, TOO7s Acces see se scies ees $1,355.16 RECEIPTS. Special Subscription: rrederick 1G Bourne’ <<:-.....- $3,000.00 Samuel’ hore: secre ccc eo 457.00 acobmbis Schith a asmccee eee 450.00 $3,907.00 Receipts at Park: Rocking Stone Restaurant...... 500.00 PrivilesemaccOunte seecmes cee. o 3,000.00 ANGIMISSIONS) ese sets ae cece 8,248.65 Checkin gp fy. cee tates acess 25.15 INGRIG Ne es, ie tein eae ie eee 648.27 MirScellaneotss aca. ns sclee eleroe- 160.28 Salesoteanimals, ac acne scr ores 2,335.50 $14,917.85 $18,824.85 $20,180.01 EXPENDITURES. Purchase of Animals: Wikermarinevis) Ao eas Sane ae eeinens $13,982.55 1By ind OPS 3 5 otis cot eTe Nee rate eee ero 2,382.75 Ep tilestaees sian wees eee tie eee 655.55 $17,020.85 iiravelingwand other Expenses sci). ssc-o25.0-% 2 800.11 Expresseand otherscharees . 2... m.s0% a0 oerene 1,033.72 $18,854.68 Cash balance, December 31, 190724 22. = i. ey. 1,325.33 $20,180.01 H. R. MitcHett, Percy R. Pyne, Chief Clerk. Treasurer. January 1, 1908. +4 #HMlaintenance Fund. RECEIPTS. Received from the City on account of mainte- nance appropriation of $141,558.75 for the year Balance due from the City on account of main- tenance General administration Maintenance of buildings and care of collections Maintenance and care of grounds.............. Rools andshardwanrey ess moose or sere oe Paints and oils Office supplies and printing Repairs Telephone service and tolls Postage, telegraph and express Food for animals Fuel Drugs and medicines Lumber Miscellaneous supplies Plumbing supplies Electric lighting Fencing and netting Janitors’ supplies Glass and glaziers’ supplies Anita MON ee ie een ee Ne Be eee ee Sse Elorseswand yviehiclesme em aeseeeeee Surgical instruments and appliances Nursery ‘stoclke-and) seedsiawsan. sos sn eee ee Medical attendance, animals Engineering supplies Sand Office furniture and fixtures Raibber hoses erect eee ee eee Nursery supplies Uniforms and badges Medical attendance, employees Ice Signs and labels Telephone and electrical supplies Cement CON Decne ech er) ONCOL ACH Cut NO 0) OnOlu oO @\{o\\0 = 'a'm ee (ee (ove ef ayenle ole wiieica\te\ie\(s'.e).0\ e\e "ake, elie “eee 0's) 016 ca elejlela jalis\te!e' e) aial@? ee) oir! ©, sola es (elle! ie, 2/00. /ailye! je) «)a| ‘e\\e] siie\.n? ee Leto u re: a\/ele leis /eumusl eel eis\le) e610 «6.6 0/0 0 eLele.@exele;s © siolleie)-s, 0) 0) 6's) ws \e\,e 10. 6) /e,\ee),.e.s) s, ele) ene,ie ©) 0, (ole elelsey.e) 0).e; eke ee) of elehelel s Seer ake Sie ie ee en ered ee 5,743.40 sliclephOne ays sess extant ere ct eae Oe oaks Hues bere 161.08 NiteratiOnsmanG ee PaAlnS). soci es ce eile aces ane ec 2,978.53 GeneralleSappliest: ces ee scins. ce ase oieahcces Ses Heine s 1,368.33 LEHI TEGVOYGL tices Serer cate camrcre CRC tance Coen aie 1,705.85 IF GCRRODCCINENSY fh. ccc esis oes ia ee cis leegaes 831.40 Minette emitallimixcpemS esac acim cry eiier eiseas els orci ens 200.00 lect cme tehitgewns site aa sce eats eee Siem aia ones bis 415.93 NCCMMEPNAS Sem cc ise mcife scien e se eulmtereots Krome enamtens 38.85 Statometyeatl Ge BOOKS s sms ce ihe ence cine siecle 159.90 (Unani@raang” Seotat ecco cn Oe cr ree Eat eee ee aren ee 13.00 JENERETIN EEN ROS archteatio aeleG Carotene cxcasis ae ier eee eae A 49.00 GartacemGhshesmancdeecanis))! cise aac soe eee ciel: 197.39 Garntacemn (ebris) igre tts acca eictae aries ate Atectes 144.00 $44,183.87 Balancer unexpendedi es ssstscrt.c.. 26 cscs come wines 816.13 $45,000.00 E. R. SAMPSON, January 1, 1908. Disb. Clerk. Nore.—Unexpended balance reserved for payment of 1907 gas bill, the rate being undecided. 48 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. The Audit Company of New York, AsiGedatreStreet: We certify that the foregoing statements showing the condt- . tion of the various funds of the New York Zoological Society on December 31, 1907, are true exhibits of the accounts. The items comprising the expenditures of $479,170.35 on the Ground Improvement Fund, Number 4, were disbursed by the Park Department. As this money did not pass through the books of the Society, the items have not been verified by us. THE Aupit-CoMPANY OF NEw YoRK. (Signed) FE. F. Perine, President. (Signed) F. C. RicHarpson, Secretary. New York, February 27, 1908. New York, N. Y., April 10, 1908. To the President and Board of Managers of the New York Zoological Society: The undersigned who were appointed the auditing committee of the New York Zoological Society for the year ending De- cember 31, 1908, hereby report that they have examined the spe- cial audit of the books and accounts of the New York Zoological Society for the year ending December 31, 1907, made by the Audit Company of New York, and find that the report sets forth clearly the expenditures and receipts of the various accounts, and that all the accounts of the Society have been verified, except expenditures shown on Exhibit E of the Audit Company’s re- port, covering the Ground Improvement Fund, which expendi- tures were made through the Park Department, the moneys not passing through the hands of the Society. These expenditures, we understand, are checked by the Comptroller, and are not veri- fied by this audit. In its report of February 14, 1907, the Audit Company of New York called attention to the fact that the records of the Aquarium Fund were inadequate and unsatisfactory, the items in many in- stances being entered in lead pencil only, and recommended that a suitable cash book and ledger be obtained at once, and all entries made with ink. We have inquired as to whether this recommendation has been complied with and would report that it has. r Respectfully submitted, W. W. Nices, Chairman. C. LEDYARD BLAIR, Hucu D. AUCHINCLOSsS, Auditing Committee. TOO at “i OF ZG <= ve =i © jas Oe - s me . q ne ime ue <- OF 7.8 He 2 4 64 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Orders. Species. Specimens. Galliformes, Quail and Pheasants..... 55 164 Columbiformes, Pigeons and Doves...... 37 173 Ralliformes, Coots and Gallinules .... 9 20 Sphenisciformes, PenGtiaS es = eras eee I 3 Lariformes, Gulls andi Termns—+7 5.4. 10 29° Charadriformes, Plovers and Sandpipers.. 8 20 Gruiformes, Granes: Sebiemars or ae 9 19 Ardeiformes, Ibises, Storks and Herons 22 62 Palamedeiformes, Sinema ats amen epee Gono. I z Phcenicopteriformes, Flamingoes .........--- 2 3 Anseriformes, Swans, Geese and Ducks. 43 355 Pelecaniformes, Cormorants and Pelicans. 9 25 Cathartidiformes, New World Vultures.... 5 II Accipitriformes, Hawks and Eagles; Old- World, Vultures 2s 22 Bz Strigiformes, Onision oogonia ree 13 30 Psittaciformes, Parrots, Macaws and COckatoos= oi 1.0% = Seas 48 117 Coraciiformes, Kingfishers and Hornbills 4 5 Trogones, ‘Progous) ts ise desc vases 1 I Coccyges, GuckGos: ssh.v) aes eet 3 6 Scansores, MOUCENSHs 2 Lotte oD Sara 6 19 Piciformes, Wioodpeckens.oupvssck ise 2 6 Passeriformes, Thrushes, Sparrows and all Perching Birds ....226 1,409 20" @Orderse sce tea ees aie eee ee ee 543 2,530 DEPARTMENT OF REPTILES. Raymond L. Ditmars, Curator; Charles E. Snyder, First Keeper. A number of interesting specimens of species new to the col- lection were obtained during the past year. Among these were three matamatas, representing one of the most curious species of turtles. They were collected by Mr. George K. Cherrie, of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, and deposited in our TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 65 collection during life. In order to exhibit these chelonians to the best advantage a special tank was constructed, provided with glass sides. Among the additions to the collection of crocodilians were a Nile crocodile, an Amazon caiman and a spectacled caiman. The collection of lizards and serpents remains about the same in size as during past years. A thoroughly representative series of each order is on exhibition. Noteworthy among the serpents added to the collection are boas of several species, from Mexico, Central America and tropical South America. Several examples of the showy South American rattlesnake, (Crotalus durissus), have been obtained. An interesting addition to the serpents is a brood of tree boas, bred and born in the Reptile House. The growth of the younger alligators has progressed at such a rate that last fall, when the saurians were brought into the Reptile House, the regular accommodations were found quite in- adequate. The large male alligator in the saurian pool was par- titioned off at an end of the tank, and the greater part of the pool was given over to the collection from outside. Two large alligators were sent to the Aquarium to make room for the younger contingent, some of which have attained a length of seven feet. The strange albino alligator, on exhibition for the past seven years, is now over eight feet in length, having grown fully five feet since arrival. A notable improvement in the snake cages is the provision in each cage of a high rustic table built of red cedar poles. These tables are supported on rough cedar posts, and the reptiles have evinced a decided fondness for climbing and lying upon them, where they may be seen to better advantage than heretofore. In line with the work begun last summer when lectures were delivered to the pupils of the public schools of this Borough, a case of anatomical models and other objects relating to the venom apparatus of poisonous snakes has been placed upon the main floor of the Reptile House. This exhibit has been of much in- terest to visitors. It contains skulls of a representative series of Old and New World venomous snakes, showing the long fangs of the vipers and the proportionately very short poison-conducting teeth of the venomous colubrine serpents. A skull of the South American bushmaster is shown, in which are to be seen the many auxiliary fangs ready to take the place of the main pair if the latter are lost, thus exploding the old fallacy which held that a poisonous snake can be rendered permanently harmless by ex- tracting its fangs. 66 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Another preparation displays a cobra with spread “hood,” and on this specimen may be seen the long movable ribs that fold against the side of the serpent’s body when the reptile is in a passive mood. This exhibition case contains the paraphernalia nec- essary in the treatment of snake bites, also several dishes con- taining dried snake poison, and the apparatus for the extraction of venom when the same is to be used for the manufacture of anti-venomous serum—a product which also is exhibited. REPTILES ON HAND ON DECEMBER 31, 1907. Species. Specimens. @lrelommtarys. 5: Bosc Stee bey cate eae 36 201 Crocodtliay aan sete ore er 5 53 eacentilas -.e5, carne sere ereea eens 12 153 Ophidiay. fey easae he ete eee 05 305 trip Diatie stece tomas sitions aa 10 185 “"hotaliel: cou nce cine Nee oes 134 897 The total census of the Zoological Park collections on De- cember 31, 1907, is as follows: SUMMARY OF COLLECTIONS. Species. Specimens. IWramiimals? Sra See rews cee see 188 607 BinGSs 24/Aeer Sues cp eal eee aes 543 2,530 Reptiles, hasan teste ee 118 712 Amphibians esas eee 16 185 Mo tallece teas acerca 865 4,034 Imerease Over TOOO) =o a5 47 410 GROUND IMPROVEMENTS UNDER THE DIRECTION OF ZOOLOGICAL PARK OFFICERS. Hermann W. Merkel, Chief Constructor and Forester. The Plazay Boston Road Entrance-—The most extensive and important work of the Park force on ground improvements was carried out in the southeastern section of the Park. The con- struction of the plaza surrounding the entrance pavilion of the TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 67 new Boston Road Entrance, at West Farms, was finished in July, 1907. Owing to the great amount of filling required, and the very considerable surface area to be treated, this item of con- struction required an unusually large amount of labor and ma- terials. The work was performed in a thorough manner, and on the front was brought to a proper finish with a concrete curb carried on a suitable curve from 182d Street into the Boston Road, beyond the entrance. The improvement of the plaza was fin- ished long before the completion of the Pavilion. The Pavilion was finally accepted in November, and opened to the public im- mediately thereafter. West Farms Block.—The park area of about four acres sit- uated immediately south of the Boat House, between the Boston Road and the Bronx River, is familiarly known at present as the “West Farms Block.” This once rocky and unsightly spot has been fully improved, and brought up to the standard of the sur- rounding portions of the Park. The northern end of this area was judiciously fitted to the Boat House and the retaining wall south of the boat platform, and finished at its highest point as an outlook up the Lake. A walk twelve feet wide and 870 feet long was constructed from the northeastern corner of Boston Road and 180th Street (at the Subway terminus) through the new grounds up to the Boat House. The street frontages were planted with shrubbery. Fortunately the Boston Road has been paved with brick by the Department of Highways from the Sub- way terminus up to the entrance to the Zoological Park. Through the completion of the various improvements men- tioned above the whole southeastern quarter of the Zoologicat Park is now in a finished state, excepting only a very small area around the incomplete Public Comfort station. From the Bos- ton Road Entrance a walk now leads north to the bison ranges and Lydig Memorial Arch, while another leads westward to the south door of the Antelope House, and beyond. Improvement at Buffalo Entrance.—At the Buffalo Entrance the rough wall of loose rock which formed the southern boundary of the entrance was replaced by a permanent and sightly wall and coping of concrete. On this a new fence was erected—along the corral of the European bison—and the space in front of it was carefully graded and planted. This was completed in the month of June. Yards and Walks for Small-Deer House.—Al|most equal in im- portance with the work done near West Farms was the building of the walks, yards, fences and grounds surrounding the Small- 68 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Deer House. This construction involved the building of about 1,400 lineal feet of walks twelve feet wide, and thirty corrals em- bracing about 30,000 square feet of space. In the course of this work a great quantity of earth filling was required, but through the foresight and good management of Mr. Merkel all save a small portion of it was procured without cost. Of fences, 2,750 lineal feet were built, the whole outside fence, 850 feet in length, being erected on a stone wall with a concrete coping. These fences are of special design, and while all are as open as possible and reasonably pleasing to the eye, they are entirely safe for the animals within them. The yards on the west side of the house were finished with a tarred surtace, and the others must be similarly treated at an early date. The Italian Garden.—The most notable feature of formal plant- ing thus far developed in the Park was the construction of an Italian Garden at the northern end of Baird Court. It has been developed as the central feature of an elaborate architectural de- sign consisting of stone stairways and balustrades, and lies in a sloping position, extending from the lower to the upper levels of the embankment. Preliminary to the planting of this Garden it was necessary to excavate about 300 yards of rock, after which about 500 yards of soil and fertilizers had to be supplied. The Garden was laid out in accordance with the design of Mr. James L. Greenleaf, Consulting Landscape Architect, and planted by Mr. Merkel’s force of gardeners, with over 3,000 box bushes, 500 evergreens and 1,800 red geraniums. Planting was also done around the Feed Barn, on Audubon Court, around the Small-Deer House. along the Buffalo walks, in the West Farms: Block, and around the Boat House and West Farms Entrance. In this planting work 2,100 conifers, 852 deciduous trees, 2,000 deciduous shrubs, 6,000 evergreen shrubs, and 6,325 perennials were used, besides many more which were taken from our border plantations. Mountain Goat Yards.—Immediately west of the Small-Deer House a series of three large yards for mountain goats and Vir- ginia deer were built, of which about 14,400 square feet were paved. Around these yards about 630 feet of single and double fences were erected, and the lines were made to conform to the lines of the new walk leading south. New Elk’ and Deer Yards.—At the Elk Range seven corrals and yards were either built new or reconstructed. To prevent the fighting of male elk and mule deer through their partition fences, with damage both to the fences and to their antlers, an entirely TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 69 new kind of partition fence was invented and erected. It con- sists of two lines of steel posts set two feet apart at their bases, and sloping toward each other at the top. Vo these two lines of posts several heavy horizontal T-bars, of steel, are firmly bolted. On the outside of this invincible skeleton structure two lines of extra heavy Page-wire elk-fence are securely bolted. This fence is, we believe, as nearly horn-proof as any fence can be, except a solid wall. Of these double division fences, 488 lineal feet were constructed. In the corrals which they enclose 7,176 square feet of ground was paved with tar-surface macadam. The two small shelter houses for deer were placed upon permanent con- crete foundations, and a shelter house eight by sixteen feet was newly erected. Elephant-Yard Walks.—Two new walks bounding the Elephant House Yards on the east and west were built of tar-surface mac- adam. They are twelve feet in width and their total length is 1,850 feet. One of these walks leads from the south door of the Lion House to the end of the Elk Walk, and the other from the door of the Primates’ House directly to the Small Mamma! House. Walk to Baird Court Approach—A walk twenty feet wide and 200 feet in length was constructed west of Baird Court, lead- ing from the south end of the Aquatic Bird House to the steps of the new cut-stone approach. Resurfacing Walks——The improvement of the old walks by resurfacing them with tar was carried on diligently. The Beaver Valley Walk, leading from the Beaver Pond to the Primates’ House, the Audubon Court walks, Osborn’s Walk, west of the Aquatic Bird House, and the walk leading from West Farms Entrance to the south door of the Antelope House, all were thus improved. Guard Wires——Guard wires were erected along 9,217 feet of walks in various portions of the grounds. Tree-Storage Shed.—A new shed was erected for the storage of our bay trees and other tall trees that can endure low tempera- tures. Its dimensions are twenty by thirty feet in ground plan, by twenty-five feet in height. This shed is heated by pipes connected with the boiler in the greenhouse that is situated near. Crematory.—A crematory for the burning of garbage and the bodies of dead animals was erected at the Nursery. It consists of a double-shelled, water-cooled steel cylinder, so placed that both top and bottom can be reached by wagons for the dumping of garbage and the removal of ashes. It was erected upon a 70 NEWYORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. brick foundation. It has internal diameters of four and eight feet, and has a smokestack thirty-six feet in height. We believe that this crematory solves the long-standing problem of what is best in this line for such institutions as ours. Removal of Old Caribou Barn.—The barn formerly occupied by caribou, and situated near the southern end of the Aquatic Bird House, was removed to the new Wild-Horse Installation in what formerly was the old Moose Range. There the building was rebuilt, and while awaiting its equine occupants it is being used by a small herd of European red deer. Kestrels' Cage.—The cage for the kestrels and owls was en- tirely rebuilt, and put upon a concrete foundation. Insects Injurious to Trees—The fight against noxious insects was continued, and shows surprisingly good results. Of tent caterpillar’s nests there were found and destroyed a total of 3,220, against 11,194 in 1906, and 40,300 in 1905. Of cocoons we col- lected 470, most of which were allowed to remain in cages until spring, when the parasites were permitted to escape, and the imagoes were killed. Of noxious scale insects we are now prac- tically free. Tree Pruning.—Owing to the pressure of other work only 184 of the largest trees were pruned, but we expect to prosecute this work more vigorously during the early part of 1908. CONTRACT WORK IN GROUND IMPROVEMENTS. Conducted under the direction of the Park Department for the Borough of the Bronx, Martin Schenck, Chief Engineer; W. P. Hennessy, Asst. Engineer. The Elephant House-—€arly in the year a contract for the construction of the Elephant House was awarded to Messrs. F. T. Nesbit & Company, and work began as soon as the condi- tion of the ground would permit. Construction work was prose- cuted with great diligence, and excellent progress was made until the severe weather of January, 1908, necessitated a suspension of work. Up to date the construction of this important building—the contract price of which is $147,599—promises to be very con- scientious, diligent and satisfactory. The construction force ap- pears to take a keen and intelligent interest in all details, and to be animated by a spirit of pride in the finished work. The cage doors and cage-work now in place seem to have been constructed ‘aanqoid oy} JO Jo] oy} Url UMOLS ale puod [MO s,-PITLMA oY} fo uoiaod v pue Ad [AV JUBSVIU ou LL ‘STVMMOD ONIGNAOWNNAS GNV ASNOH NAAG-TIVINS MUN 72 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL ‘SOCIETY. in the most careful manner, and undoubtedly will perform their functions admirably While it is impossible to forecast the date of the completion of this building it seems reasonable to suppose that the structure will be in our possession by October 1 of the present year. The plans and specifications for the fences to form the yards surround- ing the Elephant House are in the hands of the Park Department, and it is hoped that a contract for them will be awarded at an early date. It is necessary, however, that the actual erection of those heavy fences of structural steel and wrought iron should be deferred until the walls are finished, and the space surrounding the building can be occupied by new materials and other workmen. The Boat House. y in 1907 the Boat House, near West Farms, was completed by Guidone & Galardi, at a cost of $34,235, and occupied by the Department of Privileges. The Small-Deer House, begun in 1906 by Guidone & Galardi, ($41,543), was completed in Tine 1907, and immediately filled with animals that long had needed the new accommodations. The very extensive series of fences and yards surrounding this building were constructed wholly by the “Ground Improvement” force of the Park, and thereby all the delays and other troubles incident to contract work were entirely avoided. Pelham Avenue Entrance, Concourse and A pproach.—The con- tract for these improvements, entered into in October, 1906, with the John V. Schaefer, Jr., Company, ($58,379.50), is still incom- plete, although its finish is not far away. The macadam roadway, the retaining wall and open balustrade, and the two pavilions and stonework of the entrance are practically finished. The iron gates remain to be erected. While it is reasonably certain that this con- tract will be completed in the spring or summer of 1908, it wil! not be possible to open the Pelham Avenue Entrance for use by visitors until the sidewalk surrounding the roadway has been constructed. On account of the disturbed financial situation, the bids offered for the sidewalk construction have thus far been held in abeyance without action. Western Approach to Baird Court——This much-needed im- provement was included in the contract described above, and in the months of July, August and September it was undertaken and very satisfactorily performed. It was finished in time to be used for the first time on August 29, the day of the visit of the Inter- national Zoological Congress. The fine cut-stone work adds reatly to the architectural effect of the western steps that lead up to the central area of the Court. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. ~ Oo The Boston Road Entrance Pavilion, (William Horne & Com- pany, $5,008), was not completed until late in the year. Work on this small contract occupied, all told, a period of very nearly two years, and the progress of it was extremely dilatory and unsatis- factory. While the contract should have been completed early in 1907, and the entrance immediately opened to the public, it was not available until in October, 1907. For this reason visitors lost the use of it during the whole season of mild weather. Public Comfort Station.—In January, 1907, a contract for the very important but unfortunately delayed building for public com- fort on the Boston Road, near the new entrance, was let to Wil- liam Whisten’s Son, at $16,999. Work on the building has been prosecuted since last April, and it is hoped that it will be finished in the spring of the present year. It is probable that as soon as it passes into the hands of the Society the top of the dead wall facing the Boston Road will be restudied and altered somewhat. The New Soda Pavilion, near the Bird House, is being erected by Kelley & Kelley, at a cost of $7,679. Work began in De- cember, and the structure will undoubtedly be completed and ready for use by May 1, 1908. With its completion and accept- ance, the old temporary soda pavilion will be removed. DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION AND PRIVILEGES. H. R. Mitchell, Chief Clerk and Manager; William Mitchell, Assistant. With the growth of the Zoological Park both the volume and importance of the work of this department steadily increases. Quite aside from the regular outside business connected with the privileges, the mass of bills and accounts and the bookkeeping annually attended to’ in the Chief Clerk’s office is really very great. The amount of business handled by the Chief Clerk’s very small office force is highly creditable both to him and to his assist- ants. At the same time the working force of the administrative office is much in need of more room and increased facilities, both of which must be provided at no distant day. Our permanent policy of avoiding all clerical work that can be avoided has been highly beneficial to all concerned. The disbursements through the Chief Clerk’s office for 1907 on account of Ground Improvement work carried on by the Society kept pace with the same business during previous years. The slight falling off in maintenance business was more than made up by the increase in privileges. 74 NEW “YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIEIN: Telephones.—During the year the very unsatisfactory state of our private telephone service became unendurable, and the ques- tion of the installation of a new system was taken up with the New York Telephone Company. The figures of that company, for the maintenance of our entire telephone system, were so satisfactory that it was decided to place the maintenance of the system in their care. As soon as several matters which are now pending in regard to underground cables have been settled, it will be possible to communicate with the office from all buildings and entrances. For various reasons, however, public service will only be extended to the Park entrances, soda stands, Rocking- Stone and Boat House Restaurants. Privileges.—On the whole, the season of 1907 was a very suc- cessful one for the Privilege Department. This was despite the fact that weather conditions were very unfavorable. The policy of developing of the privileges by the installation of the best and most modern equipment was, without question, the means by which we were enabled to show a substantial increase of profits, notwithstanding the unfavorable season. Soda Water.—The four new “Twentieth Century” sanitary soda fountains, mentioned in our last year’s report as having been ordered, were duly installed and made ready to operate about the 15th of April. To this equipment was added two complete outfits for carbonating water, which were attached to our most important fountains, and so arranged that they worked auto- matically as the supply in the carbonating tanks was lowered. From a sanitary and an economic standpoint the new foun- tains and carbonators were an entire success. Many compliments on their neat and clean appearance were received from visitors, and we were often informed by strangers that they were the most perfect and up-to-date apparatus to be found in any park in the country. The vindication of Mr. Mitchell’s judgment in install- ing them was found in an increase of fifty-eight per cent. in profits for the season of 1907. This increase in the volume of business can be accounted for only by the unusual attractiveness of the fountains. 7 The manufacture in the Park of the ice cream for the soda fountains and for the Boat House and Rocking Stone Restaurants, which was first inaugurated in a small way several years ago, has grown to such proportions that the facilities for this work in the cellar of the Service Building are now entirely inadequate. The greatest need of the Privilege Department at this time is a com- bination ice-house, ice manufacturing and refrigeration plant, as TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. ~2 Or mentioned last year. In view of the improbability that a building of this character can be planned, approved and contracted for during 1908, Mr. Mitchell urges that a shed be erected at a point whereon it would be permanently useful for storage purposes and used temporarily for this work. New Soda Pavilion.—The contract for the long contemplated soda pavilion, to take the place of the temporary stand just north- of the West Approach to Baird Court, was let last October, and construction work began in November. The building is situated on the site of the old caribou barn, south of the Aquatic Bird House, fronting on the walk leading to the Western Approach to Baird Court. The building will no doubt be completed in time to install the fountain and have it ready for use by May 1, 1908. Boat House Restaurant—When the Boat House was com- pleted and turned over to the Society last March it was opened with a dining-room in the north half of the building, and lunch- room and soda fountain in the southern half. It was not expected that it would at once be possible to put this establishment on a paying basis. Considerable time is required to acquaint the public with a new place of this kind and establish it in their confidence. On the whole, very satisfactory progress has been made in that direction. Boating.—The boating privilege at once proved very popular Two carloads of Mullins’ steel boats were purchased and put into use. The wooden boats purchased from the former lessee of this privilege were completely overhauled, repaired and painted. Our equipment now contains about 120 rowboats, but on busy days that number is not sufficient to handle the business. An order has been placed for another carload of the steel boats, for delivery in the spring of 1908, and also for a number of wooden boats, to replace some of the old ones that will have to be destroyed. The electric launch “Albatross” was especially popular with ladies .and children on account of its perfect reliability and free- dom from all risks of the explosions and other accidents that sometimes occur on naphtha and gasolene launches. During the season for boating the boat attendants are neatly uniformed in white duck suits and white caps, and the river is patrolled by life-savers whose duties are to enforce the rules for public safety and to save life if necessary. During the year nearly 10,000 tickets for rowboats were sold, and about 7,000 tickets for the launch. Rocking Stone Restaurant.—The business of the Rocking Stone ee Se corp ae Ne ee ee eee 2 és ba ars “ ‘UOSVAS OILJUD OY} ODIATOS DATJOV SSOILAPY,, YOUN] IAP9TO OY} PUL S}VOd J9d}S SUTT[NI JO Joo V MAA XNOWM NO ASNOH-LVOd MAN ui ole TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. ~ ~ Restaurant was not affected by the opening of the Boat House Restaurant. A much-needed step was taken this year in the put- ting up of a number of small signs directing visitors to the res- taurant. The addition of music each afternoon, which was furnished by a small stringed orchestra, seemed to be acceptable. The business for the year showed a very gratifying increase. The music will be continued during the coming season. The operation of our restaurant laundry has proven very suc- cessful, and our employees handle the linen from both our restaurants, as well as uniforms, aprons and all other work from the soda water department. Guide Book.—On account of the delay in the preparation and printing of the revised and extended Guide Book, we were with- out Guides during the months of May, June and July. There was, therefore, a considerable falling off in sales and profits for the year. The 7,000 copies of the Giraffe Edition, printed in 1906, were exhausted on April 30. The new issue, called the Elephant Edition, of 30,000 copies, was by far the largest number yet printed at one time. For this issue the old Guide was completely revised and re-written, and a large amount of new matter was added in order to cover the enlarged collections, and several new buildings and installations. The Elephant Edition contains 171 pages, which is fifty more than the previous issue, and there are fifty-nine ilustrations. The total number of copies of the Guide Book printed up to January I, 1908, is 88,000. Postal Cards and Souvenir Books——The souvenir postal cards are as much in favor with visitors as in previous years. In fact, their popularity seems to be on the increase rather than otherwise. Our different series have been constantly increased in number of subjects until they now constitute the largest and most complete assortment of animal cards to be found in any zoological insti- tution. In an effort to improve the standard of our colored cards, considerable attention has been given to the merits of color repro- ductions generally. Revised editions of each of our souvenir books were printed early last year, and many new illustrations were added to make them more attractive. Sales were especially large, probably on account of the fact that the Guide was not on sale during the early spring. The net profits for the season in- creased by almost one hundred per cent. over the figures of the previous year. Riding Animals.—The receipts from riding animals fell off nearly one hundred per cent. from last year, due to the riding 78 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY elephant “Gunda” not having been on the stand during the sea- son. In 1906 Gunda earned, as a riding animal, $646.50. Since he first went on the stand, including the year 1906, he has earned more than enough to cover his original cost, $2,500. The pony equipment was maintained as heretofore, and this item showed a satisfactory increase over last year. Gate Receipts—The receipts from admissions at the gates on closed days (Mondays and Thursdays) have shown yearly in- creases since the opening of the Park. The receipts from this source for the first year that the Park was open, 1900, were $1,869.35. These figures have gradually gone up until in 1907 they reached the sum of $8,248.65. DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING. George M. Beerbower, C.E. As an illustration of both the extent and variety of the activi- ties of our Civil Engineer during the year 1907, the following statement is of interest: For the first work of the year lines and grades were estab- lished and batter-boards erected for the copings and fences of the westerly yards of the Small-Deer House. This was im- mediately followed by the engineering work necessary on the drainage of the yards, the adjacent walks, and the fences of the remodeled yards for the mountain goats and white-tailed deer. In connection with the construction work of the Ground Im- provement force, the following new walks were surveyed and staked out to show lines and elevations: From the Boston Road and 180th Street to the Boat House. From the Boston Road to west front of Boat House, and boat platform. From the Boston Road entrance plaza to the new Public Com- fort Building. From the entrance plaza to the Fallow Deer Range. From the Lion House, past the Elephant Yards, to the Wolf Dens. Irom the Primate House, past the Elephant Yards, south to the Service Road. From the Aquatic Bird House to the western steps of Baird Court. ; From the Boat House northward to the Buffalo Entrance. From the West Farms Road, northward to Bronxdale (new addition ). TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 79 A very complete series of studies were made by Mr. Beer- bower for a new and permanent Public Comfort Station, to be located centrally in the Zoological Park. In this connection sur- veys and plats were made of two available sites, and a thorough inspection was made of Public Comfort buildings in Manhattan and Brooklyn, and of dealer’s fixtures generally. Records and estimates were made to determine the needs of the central por- tion of the Park. Mr. Beerbower’s most important task of the year was the preparation of complete working plans and specifications for the steel fences to surround the yards of the new Elephant House, all of which were filed with the Park Department in October, and duly approved. This work was followed by the preparation of plans and specifications for a series of eight overflow bear-dens, and studies of possibilities in the terminal station of the Subway in West Farms. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLICATIONS AND PHOTOGRAPHY. Elwin R. Sanborn, Asst. Editor and Photographer. It is quite time that the volume and variety of the work of this department should be set forth with some particularity, in order that the public may obtain a fair conception of its value. Both branches of Mr. Sanborn’s work are steadily increasing in volume and in permanent value. During the past year the work done on publications amounted to about double that of any previous year, as the following list will show: Publications Issued in 1907. Guide to the Zoological Park, Elephant Edition, completely rewritten and extended by the Director. The National Collection of Heads and Horns, Part I. Eleventh Annual Report of the Society. Bulletin, Nos. 25, 26, 27 and 28. Zoologica, Vol. I, Part 1. 5,000 folders and 6,600 circulars. It is to be observed that in the publication of any book or periodical, besides the work bestowed upon the manuscript, it is necessary for Mr. Sanborn to read the proof carefully four or five times. If manuscript is not carefully prepared and closely marked for the compositors heavy charges for extra corrections “MAVd TVOIDOTIOOZ HHL NI TINA NOSIX NVOIMANV TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. $1 are the inevitable result. As a proof of the thoroughness of our editorial work, it may be mentioned that the charge for extras on the Eleventh Annual Report amounted to only $19.00, aud on the Guide Book only $34.00. Notwithstanding the increase in the size of the Guide Book, and the low price at which it is sold to visitors, it yields a good percentage of net profit to the Animal Fund. New Photographic Work. The following list of new photographs made in 1907 by Mr. Sanborn will afford an index of a year’s activities in this field: Series of Owls, for Eleventh Annual Report. Series of Horns, to illustrate “Heads and Horns,” Part I. Series of the Rhinoceroses, Tapirs and Elephants. Series of Bison Herd, large views. Series of Elk, Ostriches and Cranes. Series of Pathological features and operations. Series of New Construction Work and installations: West Farms Entrance, Boat House, Elephant House, Concourse, Launch “Albatross,” Classes from Public Schools, Soda Pavilions and Fountains. Series of Important Plantings. Series of large views of Baird Court, Jungle Walk and Audubon Court. Of these photographs important collections have been furnished to correspondents in South America, the Philippines, France, Ger- many, England, Hawaii, and in many portions of the United States. Many artists and taxidermists have availed themselves of the opportunity to secure pictures of animals for use in their work, and the list of publishers seeking prints for reproduction in books and periodicals is rapidly increasing. A card index of negatives and prints renders our whole stock readily available. All our half-tone plates are on file in Mr. Sanborn’s office. AlI- though the work of filing, indexing and cataloguing our negatives, prints and electrotypes is not yet complete, it is well advanced, and the system adopted is admirable. Miscellaneous Work.—The most important item accomplished under this head was the making of twelve new index albums, which brings this important series down to date. 82 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL, SOCIEIN The following is a statement of the photographic prints made during the year 1907: For index albumis.and siles nya...) oe eee 3,789 For magazines and, neéwspapets <.... cis 2 s-mre. TIS For miscellaneous collections .............. 1,006 For publications of therSocietys.. 7-1. 22) 135 5,763 A stereopticon was purchased for the lectures to pupils of the public schools, and operated by Mr. Hedrich. An exhibit was made at the Sportsman’s Show, and operated. A report on the transfer of the gift bison herd to Oklahoma, with illustrations, was prepared by Mr. Sanborn, and published in 3ulletin No. 28. In conclusion, it is reasonably certain that the work of Mr. Sanborn and his assistant, Mr. Hedrich, never will grow any less, but probably will steadily increase from year to year. MAINTENANCE. H. W. Merkel, Chief Constructor; E. H. Costain, Assistant Forester and Captain-of-the-Watch. Through strenuous effort, the doing of extra duty by a great many men, the employment of several boys where men were needed, and finally the well-nigh complete exhaustion of ali visible food and fuel supplies at the end of the year, we suc- ceeded in maintaining the Zoological Park without the deficit that — at one time was regarded as almost inevitable. Nevertheless, the great shortage in December, 1907, involved unusually heavy expenditures during January, 1908. Thanks to the increase in our annual maintenance fund, which was granted by the Mayor and the Board of Estimate for 1908, we will be enabled to carry the Park through the present year more becomingly, and with less of a struggle, than last year. The increase granted will be wholly consumed by the new men, animal food and fuel rendered necessary by the new buildings completed last year and to be completed in 1908. The general course of maintenance work conformed to the lines now well established. The most important new items of increase are: the Small-Deer House, (2 men), the Boston Road and 3ronxdale entrances, (2 men), the Public Comfort Station on the soston Road, (1908, 2 attendants), the Pelham Avenue “Con- TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. course’ Entrance, (I man and 1 boy). Elephant House, (in 1908), will add three more men to the permanent force. Believing that the composition of our maintenance force is a matter of general interest to members of the Society the follow- ing complete enumeration of its members is submitted: MAINTENANCE FORCE ON JANUARY I, 1908. General Office Administration. The Director. 1 Chief Clerk and Manager of Privileges. 1 Assistant to Chief Clerk. I Stenographer. 2allerks: Care of Animals. 2 Curators. I Veterinary Surgeon. 2 Head Keepers. 13 Keepers. Lal Telephone Operator. Messengers. Gatekeepers. Janitor. Matron. Assistant Keepers. Label Writer. Janitors. Maintenance and Repairs of Buildings and other Installations. 1 Chief Constructor and Forester. I Capt. of Watch. 3 Watchmen. 1 Storekeeper. 1 Blacksmith. 2 Blacksmith Helpers. 1 Foreman Painter. Care of Grounds. 1 Asst. Forester. 2 Gardeners. 3 Gardener Helpers. 1 Florist. 9 Foresters. 1 Stable Foreman. 5 Drivers. L) rr Oe of mew Se ew UT Painters. Carpenters. Fireman. Plumber. Plumber Helpers. Foreman Wireworker. Wireworkers. Cleaners. Foreman. Cleaners and Laborers. Special Policeman. Janitor. Farmer. Messenger. Total maintenance force on January I, 1908, I41 persons. The opening of the 84 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL. SOCIERY. It is also of interest to compare the force of the Zoological Park with those of the two other leading zoological gardens of the world. The London Zoological Gardens, of 34 acres, employs III persons. The Berlin Zoological Garden, of 60 acres, employs 115 per- sons. The New York Zoological Park, of 264 acres, employs 141 persons. The difference between the number of employees in the Zoo- logical Park and those in Berlin and London is due to our far greater area of park land and improvements to be cared for, cleaned daily and kept in repair. Our heavy attendance of visitors is also an important factor, especially in view of the fact that owr visitors throw upon our walks and grounds at least wenty times more rubbish and waste paper than any attendance of visitors would dare to throw down im any European park. This abuse will be taken up seriously in the near future, and an effort will be made to educate a certain portion of the public of New York out of the idea that a public park is a place for unlimited license and disorder. The worst offenders are the lower class aliens, who insist upon doing here what they never dared to do in their home countries. ; Respectfully submitted, WitLiAm T. Hornapay, January 1, 1908. Director and General Curator. ‘DSULIOUL SIUOPOINT ‘WAINVOAOV MYOA MUN AHL NI AVNOW GALLOdS he Ohne Ob this DIRECTOR -OF THE AQUARIUM TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS. HE year 1907 has been a notable one in the history of the Aquarium, the number of visitors exceeding that for 1906, making another record year in the matter of attendance, which was 2,131,393. While the exhibits received no notable additions, all the avail- able tank space was occupied. The collections consisted ot forty-four tanks of fresh-water fishes, forty-seven tanks of sea fishes, both local and tropical; seven large floor pools containing good sized specimens of sturgeon, drumfish, alligator, crocodile, manatee, sea turtle, seal and sea-lion. Fresh-water turtles of twenty species were exhibited in ten large table aquaria; twenty smaller aquaria were devoted to marine invertebrates and a smal! collection of frogs and salamanders. The number of species of vertebrates exhibited from year to year is usually over two hundred. Additions to the collection of tropical fishes were restricted to a single shipment from Bermuda. At the close of the Sportsman’s Exhibition in Boston, in April, a collection of over 200 specimens of fresh-water fishes, represent- ing twenty species, was secured at a very low rate from the New England Forest, Fish and Game Association. In July, and again in October, exchanges of local sea fishes were made with the Detroit Aquarium for fresh-water fishes from the Great Lakes. At the close of the Exposition at Jamestown a collection of about 250 fresh-water fishes, of fifteen or more species, was turned over by the United States Bureau of Fisheries to the Forest, Fish and Game Society of America for exhibition at the Sportsman’s Show held in New York in December. These, with certain fishes collected elsewhere by that Society, were later pre- sented to the Aquarium. The young male manatee presented by Mr. A. W. Dimock in 1906 is now passing its second winter at the Aquarium. 88 NEW YORK :ZOOLOGICAL ~SOGIETY. Fish Hatchery.—The fish-cultural exhibit is kept in operation during all the months when eggs of food fishes are in season. About 2,300,000 young fry were distributed in state waters, being delivered to the New York State Fish Commission. Fish eggs were presented by the United States Bureau of Fisheries, the State Fish Commission, and the Tuxedo Club. Over 1,000,000 yellow perch fry, hatched from eggs collected on Long Island by employees of the Aquarium, were deposited in lakes in the Zoological Park, the Bronx River and elsewhere. The species hatched during the year were brook, rainbow, lake, steelhead and brown-trout; whitefish, yellow perch and smelt. IMPROVEMENTS. The electric lighting facilities were increased by additional lights over the exhibition tanks and pools, and the gas lighting system was extended to the main floor tanks. The artificial light now available is still insufficient for the proper illumination cf the building on dark days, especially in the winter. A feed-water heater for the boilers was installed with a view to decreasing the consumption of coal and a bronze salt-water heater was also installed for the warming of water containing tropical fishes. It is five years since the Zoological Society accepted the control of the Aquarium, and a summing up of the various improvements effected during that period seems to be desirable. The principal improvements in the building itself were made possible through the _ Improvement Funds granted by the City in 1903 and 1904; the minor improvements—chiefly in the equip- ment—were accomplished at different times from the Maintenance Fund. The following list shows the more important items under each head: Improvement Fund.—The construction of an underground reservoir for pure sea-water; the construction of filters for sea- water; the construction of pipe-galleries under the building: the enlargement of forty-three skylights; the erection of larger boilers; the introduction of a ventilating system; alterations to correct unsightly features of the building; the artificial aeration of the tanks; the painting of the interior; the introduction of leadlined piping—this work now being completed; the erection of an iron and plate glass vestibule; the attachment of the ther- mostat system to the entire heating equipment. TWELFTH. ANNUAL REPORT. 89 Maintenance Fund—The introduction of a fish hatchery; the introduction of electric light; the introduction of a large bronze pump for stored sea-water; the introduction of numerous small aquaria on the floor, and on the copings on the large pool; the replacing of the worn out iron water heater with a heater of bronze; the erection of a large feed water heater to secure economy of coal; the extension of the gas light system to the main floor tanks ; the provision of uniforms for employees. In addition to these items may be mentioned a few of the many small improvements that have served to make the Aquarium more interesting and useful to the public: The complete labeling of the collections; the introduction of small aquaria in 300 public schools and other educational insti- tutions of the City; the general increase of the collections; the equipment of the office, laboratory, photographic room and library with furniture, appliances and books necessary to efficient public service ; the publication of circulars of information, etc., etc. There can be no doubt that the efforts put forth by the Society to make the Aquarium attractive in every way possible have been responsible for its steadily increasing attendance, which for two years in succession has exceeded two millions of visitors. It would be superfluous to take up in detail here the various relationships maintained by the Aquarium with visitors, teachers, school children, newspaper men, anglers, professional fishermen, fish culturists and scientists—the large correspondence carried on with all of these being an important feature of the work of the Aquarium office from day to day. Neither the building itself nor its office force are large enough for the proper fulfilment of the demands constantly being made upon them. Much of the time of the Director was taken up during the summer with work as secretary and treasurer of the local committee for the enter- tainment of the International Zoological Congress which visited New York in August. ATTENDANCE. The attendance for the year 1907 was greater than ever before, reaching the enormous figure of 2,131,393, an average of 5,839 per day. The year’s attendance is therefore equal to half the population of New York City. The greatest number of visitors for a single day was 24,544. 90 NEW YORE ZOOLOGICAL (SOCIETY: The following table shows the attendance at the Aquarium in 1907 by months: ATTENDANCE AT THE NEW YORK AQUARIUM, 1907. January February .. March ate ve le ‘eJe) 8 le August September . October November December eine ...Number of visitors “ee 82,232 Daily average 2,652 723 2,825 139,908 4,513 149,015 eee os 192,068 6,215 178,402 5.946 262:327 - 8,462 278,702 a os 8,990 284,175 i 9,472 215,928 "< 6,965 151,371 ; = 15,045 116,942 % 772 2,131,393 = =. 05,839 The number of visitors for the eleven years of the Aquarium’s history is now close to twenty millions, as shown by ing table: .. Visitors “ec 1,635,252 1,689,471 1,841,330 1,585,584 1,644,856 1,700,453 1,547,873 1,625,770 1,726,170 2,100,569 2,131,393 19,234,721 Daily average AID TO SCHOOL TEACHERS. the follow- II years 4,790 The work of supplying small seashore forms of life to teachers in the City schools increases from year to year. printed form is sent to principals or teachers making application for specimens: The following TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 91 “The New York Aquarium will supply small fishes and marine inver- tebrates for stocking aquaria in your school. It will be necessary for you to provide an aquarium jar or tank, and send here for a supply of sea-water. When everything is in readiness the specimens, with marine plants, will be delivered at the school house. It is important that you first visit the laboratory here, where instruction in caring for aquaria can be had at any time. Sea-water can be sent by express to those for- warding carboys for that purpose.” A limited amount of fresh-water life has also been supplied. The material furnished has gone not only to public schools, but to normal and high schools, and to the colleges and universi- ties of the City. The Aquarium has limited the free distribution of specimens to City institutions, although there have been many applications from outside Greater New York. Classes accompanied by teachers have continued to visit the Aquarium, the total number of pupils for the year being 6,300. All parties from schools visiting the Aquarium are provided with a guide to enable them to see the collections to the best advantage. The total number of educational institutions to which specimens have been sent for class work or aquaria since January 16, 1903, is approximately 300. Mr. Spencer of the Aquarium staff has personally managed all work of this kind, including the adjustment of the aquaria in each school. WORK OF THE COLLECTOR. This has included not only the collection of hundreds of speci- mens of local fishes and invertebrates for exhibition, but the gathering of great quantities of salt-water minnows and shrimps used as live food. The surplus sea-shore forms obtained in abundance by the Collector, Mr. J. J. DeNyse, have as usual been given freely to school teachers for class room purposes and the stocking of school aquaria. Nothing collected for the Aquarium is wasted, even dead specimens, when in good condition, being sent to the natural history museums or used as food for seals or alligators. THE LABORATORY. One of the laboratory rooms was placed at the disposal of the Metropolitan Sewerage Commission, which used it throughout the year in its investigations respecting the pollution of the oO 9: NEW “YORK ZOQEOGICAL {SOCIERY: harbor by sewage and factory waste. The results show that the effects of the pollution of the harbor are liable to become very serious, as the amount of sewage is increasing. There are bottom deposits of sewage in many parts of the harbor that are several feet in thickness. These have been probed and measured by the Commission. Chemical and bacteriological studies were made of the water and the deposits in many parts of New York Bay. The investigations show that the action of the Hudson River and the tides do not take refuse out to sea. Matter carried in suspension by ebbing tides can not pass or even reach the Nar- rows before meeting flood tides, which bring it back. The sewage of Greater New York, everywhere poured into the harbor, is augmented by that from the adjacent cities of New Jersey. Many forms of marine life which assist in the disposal of organic matter in the harbor must decrease in numbers and disappear as the volume of sewage increases, while the shad, oyster and other fisheries are already suffering from its effect. The keeping of marine species in the Aquarium has always been difficult on account of the fact that the salt-water pumped from the harbor into the tanks is charged with sewage. The water is, in fact, so impure that the death rate among the sea fishes is very high. It has always been quite impossible to exhibit the more delicate marine invertebrates for the same reason. The new system of stored sea-water now in course of comple- tion for the Aquarium will, however, afford relief from this great drawback. The laboratory was used for some time by Dr. G. G. Scott, of the College of the City of New Yerk, in his studies respecting the regeneration of the fins of killifishes. Further studies made in the laboratory by Dr. F. B. Sumner, of the same college, on the relations between fishes and their surrounding medium were published as “A contribution from the biological laboratory of the New York Aquarium.” Other biological papers based on the work in the Aquarium laboratory, or on specimens therefrom, were published by Dr. H. D. Senior, of the Wistar Institute of Anatomy, Philadelphia, and Mr. C. V. Morrill, Jr., of New York. Many sea fishes in the Aquarium killed by impure water were skeletonized in the laboratory by Dr. R. W. Shufeldt, of New York, who is engaged in a study of the osteology of certain tropical species. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 93 CENTENNIAL OF THE AQUARIUM BUILDING. On the evening of May 23 the New York Zoological Society celebrated the centenary of the Aquarium building in connection with the celebration of the two hundredth anniversay of the birth of Linnaeus by the New York Academy of Sciences. About 450 persons were present by invitation, the guests being received by officers of the Zoological Society and the Academy of Sciences. The Aquarium was specially decorated and illuminated for the occasion, and those present enjoyed the first view of the collec- tions by electric light. This was the first opening of the Aquarium at night, the sec- ond being on the evening of the 29th of August, when 250 members of the Seventh International Zoological Congress were given a special reception. Music was provided on both occasions. Most of the foreign members of the Zoological Congress were surprised to find that the New York Aquarium contained a larger and more varied collection than any aquarium in Europe. As a matter of fact, it maintains the largest collection of living fishes ever gotten together for exhibition anywhere. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The United States Bureau of Fisheries, always the chief donor to the Aquarium, supplied, as usual, most of the fish eggs for the operation of the hatchery. The New York Forest, Fish and Game Commission furnished eggs of smelt and rainbow-trout for the same purpose. The late Henry Bishop, of Baltimore, presented fifteen Japa- nese goldfish of the large and handsome varieties so successfully bred by himself. Fancy Japanese goldfishes were also presented by E. K. Bruce, Jr., of Thornburg, Iowa. Mr. Henry W. Bee- man, of New Preston, Conn., sent 100 young black bass and fifty young yellow perch, raised in his ponds. Mr. A. B. Davis, of Wading River, Long Island, presented thirty handsome pickerel. A collection of large brook trout, brown-trout and land-locked salmon was presented by the Maine Commission of Inland Fish- eries, and a collection of salmon, trout and other game fishes by the New England Forest, Fish and Game Association. Director A. G. Mayer, of the Marine Biological Station at the Tortugas, sent numerous red land-scrabs from the Bahamas, and Mr. George J. Gould, Jr., two young loggerhead turtles from the 94 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. same region. The latter, delivered in April, are already nearly four times as large as when received. A specimen of the remarkable blind salamander, (Typhlomolge rathbuni), from the artesian well of the United States Fisheries Station at San Marco, Texas, was sent by Mr. J. L. Leary, Superintendent. ; Master Edward Redfield, of Closter, N. J., sent several Muhlenberg and other species of fresh-water turtles. He has, in fact, supplied most of the Muhlenberg turtles received at the Aquarium for several years. Several paradise fishes were presented by Mr. Russel P. Van Keuren, of Honesdale, Pa., and Capt. Percy Watson, of the steamship “Castle of Muncaster.” At the close of the Jamestown Exposition a fine harbor seal was presented by the United States Bureau of Fisheries. Dr. F. B. Summer presented a loon, which was later trans- ferred to the Zoological Park. Contributions to the Library were received from the Smith- sonian Institution, the United States Bureau of Fisheries, the New York Forest, Fish and Game Commission, the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, the New Jersey Fish and Game Commission, Messrs. A. S. Barnes & Co., New York; Prof. E. L. Mark, Harvard University; the New Jersey State Museum, Trenton, and C. H. Townsend, New York. Colored plates of fishes and other aquatic animals were pre- sented by Messrs. A. Hoen & Co., Baltimore; the J. B. Lyons Co., Albany ; and the Zeese-Wilkinson Co., New York. Messrs. Chesebro Brothers, of Fulton Market, presented an albino diamond-backed terrapin. A complete list of gifts will be found under the head of accessions. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 95 Record of monthly mean temperatures and specific gravities at the New York Aquarium during the years 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906 and 1907. (From daily observations made by Mr. W. I. DeNyse.) * 1903 s«1904 1905 1906 | 1907 Qa5| de |S5] ss | ao) gs | a5] gs | S5)| ss January. ........:..: iota ees 84 |1.014| 35 |1.013) 39) 1.014] 39 | 1.012 February........... | 37 |1.010| 33 | 1.014] 38 |1.016| 36 | 1.012] 35 | 1.014 Warchty 220-5. | 40 | 1.008] 36 | 1.013) 36 | 1.014) 38 | 1.011} 36 | 1.013 PE ec co cose 46 |1.009| 40 1.009 43 /1.011) 43 1.010) 42 | 1.010 ii ee 56 |1.014| 52 |1.010) 52 |1.014| 52 | 1.013] 50 | 1.011 Jara eae 61 |1.013| 61 | 1.010) 62 |1.015| 62 | 1.013) 56 | 1.013 ir see 66 |1.013| 70 |1.013, 68 | 1.015| 69 | 1.013) 65 | 1.015 ARIGAIS Eo sols cs inst cae 013| 71 1.014 71 |1.016 72 1.014) 70 | 1.016 September......... 68 |1.013| 68 |1.014 68 |1.014) 71 |1.015| 69 | 1.015 October..........0.. | 62 |1.011| 59 |1.013) 62 |1.014| 63 |1.016| 62 | 1.012 November......... 62 1.014) 51 1.013 51 |1.015 54 1.014 51 | 1.010 December.......... 40 |1 O14) 59 | 1.015) 44 |1.014) 48 |1.014) 45 | 1.011 *Density observations were made with samples of water brought to a temperature of 60 degrees Fahr. Respectfully submitted, CuHarLes H. TOWNSEND, Director. SCHOOLMASTER. Lutianus apodus. SPOTTED HIND. Epinephelus guttatus. POLLUTION OF STREAMS—AN APPEAL TO ANGLERS-.* By C. H. TOWNSEND, DIRECTOR OF THE NEW YORK AQUARIUM. Formerly Chief of the Fisheries Division, United States Fish Commission. HE pollution of public waters is our most common act and our most uncivilized practice. The casting of refuse in a stream results only in transferring it from one neighborhood to another. The great evil with which practical fish-culture in America has to contend at the present time is the contamination of public waters by sewage and the refuse of manufacturies. Although the propagation of fishes by artificial means has, in this country, reached a degree of efficiency unequaled in other countries, the preservation of streams in conditions desirable for the maintenance of fish life has been singularly neglected. In a majority of those states which possess fishery resources there exist more or less effective restrictions upon fishing and the operation of fishery industries, but it is seldom that enactments against the depositing of waste matter in fishing waters are enforced. The annual output of fish fry from hatcheries in various parts of the country, operated by the Fisheries Bureau at Washington, has now reached the enormous figure of something like three thousand millions. The fish cultural work of the different state fishery commissions, taken collectively, yields probably equal numbers of young fry. The Governmental part of the work is done from no more than thirty-five or forty hatcheries scattered over the country—a remarkable illustration of the efficiency of artificial fertilization and rearing of fry. It would be safe to state that fish planting in America exceeds that of all other countries put together. Fish culturists from Europe and from countries as far away as Japan and New Zea- land come here to study our methods. *An address delivered to the Anglers’ Club of New York, March 17, 1907.. 98 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. All our fish commissioners of experience, both National and State, are agreed that the decrease in the supply of food fishes is traceable more to the pollution of waters than to any other cause, and stream pollution is going on at a rate proportionate to the increase in population and the development of manufacturing industries. ; The effects of pollution are most serious in the more densely populated States. It begins almost at the sources of streams and extends to the very mouths of the largest rivers. The conditions would probably not be so serious in their effect upon the supply of fresh-water fishes had not the flow of streams been lessened by deforestation. With the cutting away of forests and the cultivation of the land, the summer temperature of streams has become higher and the breeding grounds of game and food fishes covered by silt washed down by floods. Happily the movement for reforestation is gaining ground. It is most important, and all anglers should be active supporters of the efforts now being made for forest preservation. The pollution of streams not only affects fishing for sport and commercial fishing, but the all-important matter of public health. The agencies at work are almost too varied for enumeration. In general the pollution of waters is caused by sawmills, pulp and paper mills, tanneries, starch, cheese and sugar factories, gas, > wood-alcohol, chemical, glass and dye works, oil refineries, dis- tilleries and breweries, logging, smelting and mining, and by factories of all sorts. To this catalogue might be added the item of dead animals, which in the aggregate is an important one. There is also the depositing in the waters of cinders, garbage and trash-by the vast fleet of fresh-water steamers everywhere. In addition to these sources of pollution there is practically all the city and town sewage of the country. With such facts confronting us there is no need of inquiring why we do not get better results from our admirable National and State fish cultural work. It is not merely the class of anglers who are concerned—the people everywhere are becoming alive to the dangers of the situation. The streams of western Pennsylvania, for instance, are already ruined by coal mining. I have recently visited some of the streams in which I fished as a boy. They are to-day little more than sulphur-yellow drains of coal mines, disfiguring the fair face of nature, in many cases throughout their entire courses and for distances sometimes as great as the width of two or three TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 99 counties. They contain no living thing—neither fish, frog, cray- fish, nor any form of animal or plant life. The coal and coke industries which have brought about these conditions may possibly be regulated at some future time. At present their vast importance and the state of public opinion do not give us any hope for stream purification in coal mining regions. The well-known conditions of pollution extending throughout the Hudson River and its tributaries may be found in all rivers of the country where the population is great and the manufacturing industries well developed. Boards of health throughout the country are considering the conditions, but little is accomplished except where local condi- tions here and there become intolerable. Officers are usually unable to enforce existing laws and juries will not convict. The Herculean labor involved in setting things right will re- quire the consent of the population and a liberal use of the money and effort of the present generation, while the next generation will need to be vigilant in sustaining whatever protection may be secured, In Europe many of the problems connected with sewage dis- posal have been solved, and considerable help is thus available from the experience and practical efforts of other countries. It is not the object of the present article to discuss the condi- tions which prevail in such rivers as our own Hudson; the large navigable rivers, flowing through densely populated sections, will have to be dealt with from the viewpoint of public health. Anglers as a Class are, however, interested in the upper waters of our streams, where they go for recreation, and the protection of such waters is quite possible. Many years of experience in the field as an officer of the United States Fisheries Bureau has led me to the belief that there is hope for the early salvation of our mountain streams where the population is not yet sufficient to cause damage by sewage. Here we have to deal chiefly with such matters as pollution by saw- dust and wood pulp refuse. Sawdust not only blackens the water, but drifts into eddies, where it becomes water-logged and settles, forming deposits which are very destructive to young fishes. It also settles into the gravel beds, and to some extent covers them, making unsafe for fish eggs many important spawning grounds. Recent experiments by the National Fisheries Bureau have shown that sawdust promotes the growth of fungus on fish eggs 100 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. and kills both eggs and young fishes. The finer kinds of saw- dust affect the larger fishes, getting into their gills, and dead fishes are found with considerable quantities of sawdust in their stomachs. Many nuisances which we tolerate could be abated through active effort. A single instance from my personal experience will serve to illustrate the indifference of anglers. There is a large sawmill on the east branch of the Delaware, just above the mouth of the Beaverkill, which has for years deposited sawdust in the river. The heap of sawdust remaining on the bank is about the size of an ordinary two-story house, its front base resting on the edge of the stream. As the river has been cutting it away for years there is no ready means of estimating the amount of matter carried down stream. The sloping cliff of sawdust against the high bank—large as it is—is merely a remnant. The annual waste from the mill goes over it into the water and may be seen along shore for some distance down stream. Many anglers pass this nuisance and comment on it, but I have never heard of any steps being taken to abate it. The State Fisheries office informs me that it has “a list of over six hundred pollutions (of this kind) in the State,” but that the law is defective, making prosecutions extremely difficult. Paper and pulp mills use lime, caustic soda, sulphuric acid, etc., all of which are deadly to fish life when drained into streams. Without further cataloguing of the injurious wastes liberated into streams from factories of all kinds, we may truthfully assert, with the support of numerous National and State fishery docu- ments, that the maintenance of fish life is becoming impossible. Our whole national system of disposing of wastes is an immoral one; the town and the mill can be kept clean, but the condition of the stream itself has been utterly disregarded. In spite of the fact that there are laws in all States which pro- hibit the drainage of dangerous matter into public waters, there exist in factories without numbers secret waste pipes which are opened during the night, the outpourings of which are so deadly to fish life that the practice of operating them can only be named as dastardly. We have lived under these conditions so long that we are used to them. It is the old case of each for himself, with no thought of the health, wealth or happiness of those farther down stream. In many beautiful streams, where fishing is still possible, fishes have become uneatable through tainting of the water. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 101 This is true in a greater degree of shad and other sea fishes which succeed in passing through the unspeakable waters of New York Harbor. There are immense quantities of sawdust and other matter flowing in most of the streams of the Adirondacks. Washed down by freshets, these wastes are deposited in the beautiful lakes chiefly used for summer residence, rendering the water unfit for domestic and municipal use. It has taken a quarter of a century to get pure food laws through Congress, and it will take longer to clean up the streams of the country, but it seems possible by concerted action of the anglers of America that our mountain streams can be cleared up, and in a very few years—soon enough for most of us to derive benefit from our labors. The results desired can only be secured by united effort. By separating the higher waters from the general pollution problem, the angler can count on considerable support from towns using such streams for drinking water. Important decisions have recently been made in New York respecting sawdust pollution, which affect more than 600 saw- mills in the northern part of this State, but the work of improv- ing conditions can not be left with the courts and the State fishery officers. The latter are in some cases at least dominated by the very interests which cause the trouble. The citizen—and best of all for this particular purpose, the oragnized angler-citizen—must be the active prosecutor. Several angling associations have gotten good results in op- posing stream pollution by organized effort, and have done away with small nuisances in their own neighborhoods. Cleaning up the mountain streams is undoubtedly the easiest part of the whole anti-pollution task. If associations of anglers can get together for united action there is no reason why the work of preserving the angling waters can not rapidly be made successful. It seems better for the pres- ent to take up the struggle from the point of view of the angler and to confine the efforts to the head waters. In this way the work will be easier for boards of health in their labors for the purification of waters further down. Anglers should be able to secure help from commercial fisher- men everywhere, since market fishing, even when excessive, is not as bad as wholesale stream pollution, and they should also be able to secure the support of all communities desiring clean water for town use. As organized bodies they could exert a most 102 NEW -YORK’ ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY: wholesome influence on the work of fishery boards in all the States. The interests engaged in polluting our higher waters are not yet sufficiently powerful to claim everything for their side of the question. A reasonable amount of discussion ought to make it clear that the waters of our higher lakes and streams are vastly more valuable as sources of municipal water supply, for fisheries, and for summer homes, than they can possibly be to a minority of small manufacturers. It is to be expected that all industries concerned will protest vigorously, but they are still greatly in the minority, and therefore the prospects are hopeful. Sawdust can be kept out of streams, and at a very moderate expense. The wastes of other mills can be kept on land, evapor- ated or otherwise treated. Water containing deleterious substance of all kinds can be settled, cleared, filtered, evaporated or puri- fied by chemical processes. It is needless at the present time to argue against this point, since engineers everywhere understand methods of disposal suitable to various conditions. Ice companies are already protesting against sewage discharge adjacent to their places of operation. Ice from sewage-polluted streams is likely to cause typhoid fever, as the germs are not destroyed by freezing. . It is not only possible to keep wastes out of the water, but it is possible to turn them into profit through valuable by-products. In many parts of Europe sewage is not only kept out of the waters but valued as fertilizer. The struggle for the preservation of some of the inland lakes ot New York against pollution has been carried on for some time and good results have been secured in several instances. The Merchants’ Association of New York City has made a good beginning in its work for the preservation of the Hudson, and it is unlikely that any additional sewage systems will be permitted to pollute the river. The pollution of the Hudson begins well up stream in Washington, Warren and Saratoga counties, where the refuse from 63 mills and 121 villages is poured in. The mills alone throw in over a million pounds a day, and the death rates of towns on the Hudson are known to be dependent upon their position on the river, whether above or below extensive pollution. Sewage trash from New York City loads the sea beaches of Long Island and the Jersey shore. Harbor pollution has gone on unregarded until the oyster beds within a wide radius of TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 103 the city have been affected and the oyster industry seriously damaged. It is unnecessary to cite further instances of water pollution; object lessons are available in every community. Every year enough fish fry goes into our streams and lakes to make the very best of angling within three or four years were the streams protected. Can not angling associations at once begin the work of pre- serving our higher angling waters? Would it not be possible to form State organizations of anglers for this purpose ? List of Gifts TO THE: ZOOLOGICAL: SO CIE From January 1, 1907, to January 1, 1908. Aspott, F. H., New York City: European Goldfinch, European Linnet, Japanese Robin, Tovi Parrakeet. AcepD, Mrs. E. A., Brooklyn, New York City: Blue-and-Yellow Macaw. ANONYMOUS: Canary. Beacu, MAster Luptow Frey, Palatine Bridge, N. Y.: Fox Squirrel. Becker, Juttus, New York City: Guinea-Pig (3 specimens). Bretz, Mrs. J., New York City: Bullfinch. BEHM, Cart, New York Citv: Pilot Black-Snake. Benepict, E. C., Indian Harbor, Greenwich, Conn. : Great Blue Heron. BorHNn, Mara, Briarcliffe Manor, N. Y.: Tovi Parrakeet (2 specimens). Bourst, Kart, New York City: Rhinoceros Iguana. Braprorp, Mrs. L. C., Brooklyn, New York City: Blue Jay. BrEMER, RusseL_t H., New York City: Alligator. Bripces, Cart., S. S. “Italia,’ New York City: Duck Hawk, European Quail (5 specimens). BristoL, Pror. C. L., University Heights, New York City: Marine Toad. BroTHERTON, Miss SarAu E., North Pelham, N. Y.: White Rabbit. Brown, G. J.: Great Blue Heron. Brown, Georce A., New York City: Opossum. Butt, Davin M., University Heights, New York City: Broad-Winged Hawk (2 specimens). BurxuHarpt, L. M., Newark, N. J.: Red-Tailed Hawk. BuRRELL, ALEXANDER M., Atlas S. S. Line, New York City: Rail. BuTLer, Cyrus W., St. Petersburg, Fla.: Hutia. A Buttery, Haroitp, Norwalk, Conn. : Red-Shouldered Hawk (2 specimens). Capy, MASTER Pierre, Bloomfield, Essex County, N. J.: 48 Red-Backed Salamanders, 6 Common Frogs, 20 Green Frogs, 21 young Painted Turtles, 7 Salamanders. Total, 102 specimens. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 105 CHANDLER, Miss Viota, New York City: American Chameleon. CHERRIE, GEORGE K., Brooklyn, New York City: 2 Eggs of Hoatzin, taken from the nest on the Orinoco. CropsEy, ANDREW G., Stoney Brook Farm, N. Y.: Green Snake. Cross, G. E., New York City: Alligator. Dave, Peter, S. S. “Siberia,” New York City: Margay Cat. DamMAM, H., New York City: Green Heron. DeEKeErT, RicHARD, New York City: Bull Frog (2 specimens). Dirmars, RAyMonD L., New York City: Ocelot. Dopp, Dr. Epwarp, Babylon, N. Y.: Great Horned Owl. DoorittLE, WILLIAM, Far Rockaway, L.. I.: Alligator (2 specimens). Drew, J. A., Brooklyn, New York City: Red-and-Blue Macaw. DuFFNER, Mrs:, New York City: Box Turtle. Exttason, Cart, Hollandale, Fla.: Corn Snake, Mud Puppy. ELLIFFE, RicHArD E., Bedford Park, New York City: Saw-Whet Owl. Frack, H. F., Bronxwood Park, Williamsbridge, New York City: Alligator. Forses, Mrs. A., Brooklyn, New York City: Pea Dove, Albino Barbary Turtle Dove, Amazon Parrot. Gautton, J. H., Brooklyn, New York City: Least Bittern. GLaEsseR, Miss F., New York City: Chinese Turtle (2 specimens). GoepeL, Miss Minnie, New York City: Yellow-Headed Amazon Parrot. Gorett, Epwarp, New York City: Garter Snake (5 specimens), Green Snake, Storer’s Snake. Gorpon, Mrs. Greorce, New York City: Amazon Parrot. Gricc, Master J. R., New York City: Box Tortoise. Gricc, JoseEpH W., New York City: Texas Horned Lizard. GRUNEWALD, Miss E., New York City: Capuchin Monkey. Hamitton, Henry, Van Nest, New York City: Alligator. HaAnp, Mrs. CHartes W., New York City: White-Nosed Monkey. HARRIMAN, E. H., New York City: Kodiak Bear (2 specimens). Hay, Henry, New York City: Screech Owl. Hertz, Victor, New York City: Guinea Fowl (4 specimens). 106 NEW -YORK ZOOLOGICAL, SOGEDRYE Hicox, De Los, Fordham, New York: Black Snake; Water Snake. HitzeLt, Aucust, New York City: Russian Bullfinch. Hours, W. StTanitey, American Consul, Lorenzo Marquez, Portuguese East Africa: Mozambique Grass Monkey. Houzer, Mrs. JoHN W., New York City: Great Horned Owl. Hoop, Mr., New York City: Ring-Necked Parrakeet. Hooper, A., Brooklyn, New York City: Gray-Headed Love-Bird. HuppetL_, GeorGE W., New York City: Screech Owl (3 specimens). Huser, Miss H. innis, New York City: Tovi Parrakeet (2 specimens). Hume, G., New York City: Alligator. HummeL, Emit O., U. S. Militia Training Ship “Granite State,” New York City: Ring-Tailed Monkey. HypEMANN, Sipney, New York City: Alligator. ILLWItzER, THoMAS, New York City: Alligator. Jackson, Mrs. Rosert G., Yonkers, New York: Bonneted Capuchin Monkey. Jacopus, Davin DINKEL, Jersey City, N. J.: Ajligator. Jaxas, Mrs. J., New York City: Florida Terrapin (2 specimens). JoHNSON, Expert L., New Rochelle, N. Y.: Broad-Winged Hawk. Ketty, Mrs., New York City: Lesser Sulphur-Crested Cockatoo. Kintocx, Miss M. E., Staten Island, N. Y.: Alligator. Kipp, FRANK A., New York City: Red Fox. KNEZEK, CHARLES, New York City. Blue-Fronted Amazon Parrot. Koziett, T. W., New York City: Monkey. KrapoHL, Henry, New York City: Screech Owl. Lauper, GrorGE, Greenwich, Conn. : W oodchuck. LAWRENCE, WILLIAM A., New York City: Yucatan Deer. Lemmon, Miss Isapet McC., Englewood, N. J.: White-Fronted Amazon Parrot. LitteL, Mrs. H. M., New York City: Yellow-Headed Amazon Parrot. LupewIic, GeorGce O., Laguna de Terminos Camp, Mexico: Double-Striped Thicknee (2. specimens), Globose Curassow specimens). McCLeELLanpD, THomMAS, New York City: Alligator. @ TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 107 McVicar, Frep., Mount Vernon. N. Y.: Black Snake, Hog-nosed Snake, Garter Snake, Ribbon Snake (13 specimens ). Marckres, Georce M., Sharon, Conn.: Pine Grosbeak (2 specimens). Meap, B. A.,; Mount Kisco, N. Y.: Hog-Nosed Snake (2 specimens). MERGENTHALER, C., New York City: English Pheasant. MESSNER, CHRISTIAN, New York City: Canary. Metzcer, Mrs., New York City: Canary (13 specimens), Java Sparrow. Miter, C. F., East Orange, N. J.: 38 Striped Snakes, 53 Water Snakes, 14 Brown Snakes, 19 Painted Turtles, 1r Spotted Turtles, 82 White Rats, 4 Snapping Turtles, 1 Muhlenberg’s Turtle, 4 Bull Frogs, 62 Pond Frogs, 59 Garter Snakes, 10 Musk Turtles, 12 Box Turtles, 5 Wood Turtles, 10 Wood Frogs, 6 Leopard Frogs, 30 Salamanders, 14 Green Snakes, 1 Pickering’s Tree Toad, 1 Common Tree Toad, 1 Ring-Necked Snake, 1 Mounted specimen of Muhlenberg’s Turtle. Total, 438 specimens. Mitts, Miss STetia, Kingsbridge, New York City: Blue Jay. Motrenter, Mrs. CHARLES, New York City: Screech Owl. Morcan, C. W., New York City: Cotton-Headed Marmoset, Raccoon. Mort, Mrs. T., Arrochar Park, Staten Island, N. Y.: Monkey. Mosetey, Pror. H. L., Sandusky, Ohio: Water Moccasin. Mort, 3d, JorpAN LAWRENCE, New York City: Barred Owl. Mutter, WittiAM .H., Brooklyn, New York City: White Rat (40 specimens). MvuseuM OF THE BrooKLYN INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SciENCES, Brooklyn, New York City: Opossum (2 specimens). NIENABER, CHARLES, New York City: Red Fox. O’DonNELL, MASTER Epwin, New York City: Angora Guinea-Pig (3 specimens). OLSEN, MASTER LAWRENCE, New York City: Angora Guinea-Pig. Patm, GeorceE, Mount Vernon, N. Y.: Horned Lizard. PEAVEY, Rogert W., Rockaway, L. L.: Hog-Nosed Snake (15 Specimens). Pepersen, P. G. C., Steamship “Oscar II,” Hoboken, N. J.: Curlew. PeErILLo, V., New York City: Ruby-Throated Hummingbird. Petry, FRANK, New York City: Alligator. PrarF, JoHN, West Orange, N. J.: W oodchuck. Pierce, Mrs. C. H., New York City: Cuban Solitaire (2 specimens), Mockingbird, Cardinal, Song Thrush. 108 NEW YORK ZOQOEROGICAL SOCIETY: Porter, W. H., New York City: Roseate Cockatoo. PRECHTEL, JOHN, Weehawken Heights, N. J.: Hawkshill Turtle, Rough-Eyed Caiman. Prescott, Capt. C. D., Steamship “El Dorado,” New York City: American Osprey. RANDOLPH, Epcar F., Morristown, N. J.: Ferruginous Rough-Legged Hawk. Raymonp, Mrs. J. C., New York City: Bluie-Fronted Amazon Parrot. REA, Miss Susie, New York City: Australian Cavy. Reynotps, THomas, Brooklyn, New York City: Roseate Cockatoo. Rice, M. A., New York City: Pig-Tailed Monkey (2 specimens). Rwer, Georce H., Buffalo, N. Y.: Texas Rattlesnake (3 specimens). Rock, Witt1AM R., New York City: Golden Agouti. Rocers, ARCHIBALD, Hyde Park, New York: Copperhead Snake. Rotr, Mrs. Ipa, New York City: Alligator. Romer, Mrs. P., New York City: Roseate Cockatoo. RCGSENTHAL, ARTHUR, Mount Vernon, N. Y.: Alligator. SATTLER, GEORGE, New York City: Sora Rail. ScHLANCH, W. S., New York City: Tovi Parrakeet. ScHmMipt, Conrap, New York City: European Blackbird. SHAW, R. E., Esmont, Va.: Green Snake, Brown Snake. SHOEMAKER, Mrs. Henry, Riverside, Conn.: Ring-Tailed Monkey, White-Throated Sapajou. Stevers, A. H., New York City: Coati Mundi. SmitH, CHarLEs, New York City: Snapping Turtle, Painted Turtle. SmitH, Ropert H., Portchester, N. Y.: Fox Squirrel. SNOWDEN, ALEXANDER O., Peekskill, N. Y.: Angora Guinea-Pig (2 specimens). Snyper, Georce W., Cumberland, Md.: Timber Rattlesnake (2 specimens). StepBiIns, Mrs. E., New York City: Angora Guinea-Pig. Stees, T. HArotp, Sparkill, N. Y.: Jat. SuMNER, Dr. F. B., Woods Hole, Mass.: Loon. TALKAY, Marie, New York City: Alligator. TuHomson, JOHN R., Hobart, N. Y.: Great Horned Owl. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 109 TOWNSEND, Mrs. A. D., Clifton, Staten Island, N. Y.: Painted Turtle. TOWNSEND, D., Mohegan, N. Y.: Gray Squirrel (2 specimens). Trent, H. L., New York City: Green Snake, Copperhead Snake (3 specimens). Turner, R., New York City: Alligator. VENTURINI, Mrs. A., New York City: Large-Spotted Genet. VETTERMAN, MASTER ARTHUR, New York City: Gray Squirrel. von Krocxow, GNEoMAR, New York City: Garter Snake (20 specimens), Water Snake, Hog-Nosed Snake, Snapping Turtle, Box Turtle. WaARMBOLD, WALTER, New York City: Tovi Parrakeet. WEILER, Mrs. H., Bedford Station, N. Y.: Peacock. WESTERMANN, MASTER AuprEY, Mount Vernon, N. Y.: Angora Rabbit. WHITMAN, Pror. C. O., Chicago, IIL: Oriental Turtle Dove (2 specimens). WILDFOESTER, W., New York City: Hog-Nosed Snake. Witson, Harris, New York City: Great Horned Owl. WortH, Witt1AmM A., New Rochelle, N. Y.: 1 Blacksnake, 1 Ribbon Snake, 14 Garter Snakes, 2 Milk Snakes, 1 Water Snake, 1 De Kay’s Snake. Total, 20 specimens. YANGER, Miss Exiza F., Newark, N. J.: Wilson Petrel. Gifts of Plants. DENIcKE, J. B., New York City: t Agave Americana. GALLATIN, Mrs. J. N., New York City: 1 7-foot Rubber Plant. Grass, H., New York City: 1 Latania. Kocu, H. C., New York City: 1 Rubber Plant. VAN Wie, Mrs. S. A., New York City: 1 Pittosporum tobira. VICKERY, FRED., Mount Vernon, N. Y.: 2 Agaves, I Opuntia Cactus, 2 Latanias, 1 Kentia, 2 Rubber Plants, 1 Begonia, 1 Fuchsia, 1 Oxalis. List of Gifts TO: THE NATIONAL COLLEGTIONFOR HEADS AND HORNS. (April 1, 1907, to April 1, 1908.)* Brabiey, J. R.: Coke Hartebeest. Mounted head. Impala Antelope. Mounted head. Atlantic Walrus. Mounted head. Siberian Argali. Mounted head. Waterbuck. Mounted head. Brown, ALEXANDER, Bryn Mawr, Pa.: Greater Kudu. Horns. Emmons, Lirut. G. T., Princeton, N. J.: Bear claw of enormous length, from Kiskka Village, Nass River, British Columbia. GLEASON, DEXTER M., Woodford, Vt.: White-Tailed Deer. Spike Antlers. GRANT, MADISON: Pacific Walrus. Tusks, probably largest known. White Mountain Sheep. Mounted head. Female. From fifty miles west of mouth of the Mackenzie River, Canada. White Mountain Sheep. Mounted head. Young male. Same locality. Harrison, Grorce L., Jr., Philadelphia, Pa.: Waterbuck. Mounted head. Grant Gazelle. Mounted head. White-Eared Cob. Mounted head. Female. Addra Gazelle. Mounted head. Red-Fronted Gazelle. Mounted head. Male. Thomson's Gazelle. Mounted head. Addra Gazelle. Mounted head. Grant Gazelle. Mounted head. Female. Coke Hartebeest. Mounted head. Dorcas Gazelle. Mounted head. Dorcas Gazelle. Horns. Two Lion Skulls. Grant Gazelle. Skull and scalp. Male. Impala. Scalp. Reedbuck. Skull and‘ horns. Tora Hartebeest. Skull and horns. Soemmerring Gazelle. Skull, Horns and scalp. Abyssinian Bushbuck. Skull and horns. Abyssinian Buffalo. Scalp. *The objects in this list of gifts to the Heads and Horns Collection will be described in Part II of the annual publication devoted to this collection, shortly to appear. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. Jamracu, Witti1AM, London, England: Tibetan Argali. Horns and skull. Chiru; Tibetan Antelope. Horns. Wild Yak. Horns. KAEGEBEHN, FERDINAND, Hoboken, N. J.: Arizona Elk. Antlers. Pamir Stag. Antlers on skull. Desert Mule Deer. Antlers. Olympic Elk. Antlers. American Beaver. Skull. Mule Deer. Antlers. Necklace of Buffalo Teeth. tetahh Collection of old copper prints of wild animals, by Johann Elias Ridinger. Seven large prints, twenty-five display-size and fifty folio-size. Subjects, principally red deer, fallow deer and roebuck. LEoNARD, THOMAS D.: American Elk. Mounted head. Jackson’s Hole, Wyoming. McMitiin, Emerson. The “Reed Collection,’ as follows: Alaskan Moose. Mounted head. Alaskan Moose. Antlers and skulls, with head skins. Grant Caribou. Mounted heads. Osborn Caribou. Mounted head. White Mountain Sheep. Mounted heads. Alaskan Brown Bear. Mounted heads. Black Bear. Mounted head. Alaskan Brown Bear. Rugs, with heads mounted. Alaskan Brown Bear. Skull. Pacific Walrus. Mounted heads. Pairs Walrus Tusks. ND HW RUIN Ww AO Martin, JAMEs S.: White Mountain Goat. Mounted head. Female. White Mountain Goat. Mounted head. Young Male. MitcHeELL, Mason, American Consul, Chungking, China. Szechuan Takin, (Budorcas taxicolor szechuan). Male. and horns. Norton, JoHN W., Cazenovia, N. Y.: American Elk. Mounted head. Female. Prong-Horned Antelope. Mounted head. Female. Mule Deer. Mounted head. Female. Crawshay Waterbuck. Skull, horns and head skin. Common Waterbuck. Skull, horns and head skin. Common Waterbuck. Skull, horns and head skin. Grant Gazelle. Skull, horns and head skin. Grant Gazelle. Skull, horns and head skin. Eland. Skull, horns and head skin. Greater Kudu. Skull, horns and head skin. Baker Roan Antelope. Skull, horns and head skin. Impala. Skull, horns and head skin. Ward Redunca Antelope. Skull, horns and head skin. Ward Redunca Antelope. Horns on skull. Impala. Horns on skull. Coke Hartebeest. Horns on skull. White Mounted Sheep. Horns, skulls and head skins. Skin, skull 112 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. PIKE, RUTHVEN W.: Wild Reindeer. Antlers. PIKE, WARBURTON, Victoria, B. C.: Musk-Ox. Mounted head. RANDOLPH, Epcar F., Morristown, N. J.: Marsh Deer. Antlers. Swamp Deer. Antlers. Addax. Antlers. Sampson, Henry Jr., and E. H. LitcHFie.p, Jr.,: Big-Horn Mountain Sheep. Mounted head. SAUTER, FRED. : Wild Reindeer. Antlers. WHITNEY, CASPAR: Wood Bison. Mounted head. Gifts to the Aquarium. AntHony, Masters Burr and STEPHEN, New York City: Young Alligator (2 specimens). Bascock, Epwarp Howarp, Jr., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Young Alligator. Baker, Mrs. FLorENcE, New York City: Japanese Gold Fish (3 specimens). Beeman, H. W., New Preston, Conn.: 100 Young Black Bass, 40 Yellow Perch. BenyJAMIN, Master GiLpert S., Ridgewood, N. J.: Spotted Turtle. Bisuop, Henry, Baltimore, Md.: Fancy Gold Fish (15 specimens). Bouton, Mrs. KATHERINE, Glen Ridge, N .J.: Muhlenberg Turtle (2 specimens). Bramson, Mr. Max, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Painted Turtle. Browne, C. E., Highland, Ulster County, N. Y.: Snapping Turtle. Bruce, E. K., Jr., Thornburg, Iowa: Japanese Gold Fish (12 specimens). Burns, Master Evan, Silver Lake, S. I.: 2 Box Tortoise. Burroucus, Mrs., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Young Alligator. CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER, Jersey City, N. J.: Box Tortoise. CHESEBRO Bros., New York City: Albino Diamond-Backed Terrapin. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. ita bs; CoMMISSIONERS INLAND FISHERIES AND GAME (through Mr. L. T. Carle- ton), Augusta, Maine: Collection of large Brook and Brown-Trouts and Landlocked Salmon. Cooper, G. D., 1142 Deane Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Young Alligator. CoroNnELL, Harry, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Fancy Gold Fish. Crorts, C. K., New York City: Young Alligator. Davis, A. B., Wading River, L. I.: Pickerel (30 specimens). Dory, Miss Kate, New York City: 6 Crabs, 1 Frog. DuBots, Masters CusHING and Tom, Brooklyn, N. Y.: 7 Painted Turtles, 4 Snotted Turtles. EMBERSON, Harry, New Rochelle, N. Y.: Horseshoe Crabs (3 specimens). Frevtp, WitLt1AM B., Osgood, New York City: Diamond-Backed Terrapin (2 specimens). FietzscH, W. R., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Painted Turtle. FRIEND, CHARLES, New York City: Painted Turtle. Ganonc, W. J., New York City: Painted Turtle. GarpDNER, Miss M., New York City: Painted Turtle. GouLp, GeorcE, Jr., New York City: Loggerhead Turtles (2 specimens). HALvorsen, MAsterR Epwarp, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Painted Turtle (5 specimens). Hampurcer, Mrs. L., New York City: Young Alligator. HAMILTON, ArTHUR A., New York City: Alligators (5 specimens). Harriman, C. E., New York City: Mud Puppy (Necturus). HECKENMECK, Mrs., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Tortoise (3 specimens). HEINrIcK, ArTHUR O., Baldwin, L. I.: Collection of Fishes. Hetp, €. W., New York City: File Fish. Hirscu, Artuur, New York City: Young Alligator. Honcrot, Miss, New York City: Painted Turtle. JoHann, W., Brooklyn, N. Y.: 14 Painted Turtles, 3 Spotted Turtles, 3 Snapping Turtles. Jovine, J.,. New York City: Young Alligator. Kock, W. H., New York City: Young Alligator (2 specimens). Komrisky, Miss Rose, New York City: Spotted Turtle. Leary, JoHN L., Supt. Bureau of Fisheries Station San Marco, Tex.: Blind Salamander (Typhlomolge rathbuni). Lonse, H., New York City: Young Alligator (3 specimens). 114 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL. SOCIETY: Losey, Harry, Astoria, Queens, New York: Painted Turtle, 2 Musk Turtles. Loyp, Mr., North White Lake, New York: Snapping Turtle (3 Specimens). LyncuH, GeorcE F., New York City: Young Alligator (2 specimens). MacNamara, Miss ELizAsetH, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Young Alligator. Mayer, Dr. A. G., Dry Tortugas, Florida: Collection of Red Land Crabs. MEISSNER, MASTERS CHARLES and LAWRENCE, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Large Snapping Turtle. Muts, MASTER ANDERSON, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Horseshoe Crab. Mini, Epwin, New York City: Young Alligator. Missinc, Mrs. CHartes, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Snapping Turtle. Murpven, Master W., New York City: Painted Turtle. New EncLAnp Forest, FisH AND GAME AssocIATION, Boston, Mass.: Collection of Salmon, Trout and Game Fishes. NEWMAN, ERNEST, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Diamond-Backed Terrapin. New York Forest, Fish AND GAME Commission (through C. H. Walters, Cold Spring Harbor, L. I.): 1,0c0,000 Smelt Eggs, 3,000 Rainbow-Trout Eggs. NiGHMAN, Mrs. CuHarLes, Bayonne, N. J.: Young Alligator. Owens, C., Hoboken, N. J.: Gopher Tortoise. Puitiies, Master THomMAS, New York City: Collection of Frogs and Tadpoles. Pyxe, F. H., New York City: Alligator. REDFIELD, Sue Epwarp, Closter, N. J.: 35 Newts, 2 Spring Frogs, 2 Wood Turtles, 1 Muhlenberg, Turtle, Quantity of Frog Spawn. Rew, Frep. L., New York City: Painted Turtle (2 specimens). SEALE, W. P., Delair, N. J.: Collection of Water Plants. SmitH, Master Espurne R., Midvale, N. J.: Wood Turtle. Stuart, Master Lyman Knicut, Sodus Point, N. Y.: Soft-Shelled Turtle (9 specimens). Sumner, Dr. F. B., Director Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. : Great Northern Loon. TownseEnD, C. H., New York City: Fresh-Water Crayfish (12 specimens). TrusHEIM, ALFRED, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Painted Turtle. Unitep States Bureau oF FisHertes, Washington, D. C. (through Hon. Geo. M. Bowers, Commissioner) : Harbor Seal, Fish Eggs as follows: 20,000 Brook Trout, 10,000 Rainbow Trout, 10,000 Whitefish. VANpoNnBROOK, Mr., New York City: Painted Turtle. TWELFTH ANNUAL -REPORT. 115 Van Fencapo, A., Jersey City, N. J.: Young Alligator. VAN KeEvurREN, Russe_t P., Honesdale, Pa.: 4 Paradise Fish, 22 Tadpoles, 97 Newts, 4 Banded Sunfish. WELts, Brooxs H., New York City: Box Tortoise. Wiuiams, C. A., New York City: Spotted Turtle. Watson, Carr. Percy, S. S. “Castle of Muncaster,’ New York: Paradise Fishes (9 specimens). WEINES, JoHN, New York City: Mantis Shrimp. Winans, Miss Litytran and Masters CLARENCE and Epwarp, Arling- tons Ni Jn: Young Alligator. Woassn_er, Mrs., New York City: Young Alligator. Woops, Frank, New York City: Collection of Star Fishes. Gifts to Aquarium Library. Barnes, A. S., & Co., New York City: How to Teach Nature Study. Outlines for Primary and Kindergarten Classes. Lessons in Nature Study. The Spirit of Nature Study. CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON, Washington, D. C.: Publications on aquatic and marine life. Hoen, Messrs. A., & Co., Baltimore, Md.: 16 Plates Fishes of Samoa. 20 Plates Fishes of Alaska. Inttinois LaAporatory of NAtTurAL History (through Director S. A. Forbes), Urbana, III. Bulletins Ilinois Laboratory of Natural History. Lyon, J. B., & Co. (through C. M. Winchester, General Manager), Al- bany, N. Y.: Collection of colored plates of fishes of New York. Mark, Dr. E. L., Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.: Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory 186-189. New JERSEY FIisH AND GAME CoMMiIssIon (through Benj. P. Morris, President), Long Branch, N. J.: Reports, New Jersey Fish Commission, 1903-4-5. NEw JERSEY STATE Museum (through S. R. Morse, Curator), Tren- ton, N. Amphibians and Reptiles of New Jersey—Fowler. New York Forest, FisH aNd GAME Commission (through Hon. J. S. Whipple, Commissioner), Albany, N. Y.: Report of New York Forest, Fish and Game Commission, 1902-03. Townsenpb, C. H., New York City: Synopsis of Fresh-water Mussels.—Simpson. Story of Life in the Seas.—Hickson. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON, Washington, D. C.: Reports and other publications for 1907. U. S. Fisnertes Bureau (through Hon. George M. Bowers, Commis- sioner), Washington, D. C.: Reports and other publications for 1907. ZEESE-WILKINSON Co., New York City: Colored plates of crawfishes. 116 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY: Purchases. STEAMER “ANGLER”’—Collections from the “fishing banks” off the New Jersey Coast: : 163 dogfish, 391 skates, 74 sculpins, 20 starfish, 134 mutton fish, 3 horse mussels, 10 barndoor skates, 2 codfish, 337 sea ravens, II anglers, 31 blackfish, 16 stone crabs, 34 bergalls, 2 specimens Neptune’s ruffles, 4 hake, 95 sea robins, 6 spider crabs, 4 sea anemone, 10 sea bass, I channel crab, 15 fluke, I young green turtle, 3 porgy, 3 puffer, 2 large blue sharks, 5 specimens of coral. Jacoz Scunoor, Port Monmouth, N. J.: 4 large sturgeons. EccELING, Otto, New York City: 3 Siren lacertina. Kno i, Louis, & Sons, New York City: 12 frogs, 6 turtles. McDonatp, Mrs. JANET, Bayville, Maine: 4 harbor seals. New EncLanp Forest, Fish AND GAME AssocIATION, Boston, Mass.: 16 brook trout, 21 burbot, 10 brook suckers, 1 quillback, 4 red horse, 49 yellow catfish, 15 channel catfish, 11 gold fish, 18 yellow perch, 12 sauger pike, 4 pike perch, 14 mud fish, 6 bull heads, 6 eels, 5 pumpkin seed, 4 rock bass, 7 mud puppy, 5 muscalunge, 1 pickerel. Tropical fishes from Bermuda: 1o mud parrot fish, 3 red-finned parrot fish, 6 green parrot fish, 10 blue parrot fish, 2 yellow tails, 6 cow fish, 25 hinds, 20 Nassau groupers, 3 princess rock fish, 3 spotted morays, 48 squirrel fish, 23 surgeon fish, 2 blue tang, 12 yellow grunts, 6 blue-striped grunts, 9 angel fishes, I porcupine fish, 16 four-eyes, 4 trunk fish, 10 coneys, I hog fish, I spiny lobster, I queen trigger fish, I spot snapper, I red grouper, 13 common trigger fish. NEILSEN, ALEX., Venice, Erie County, O.: 12 turtles (3 species), 12 Necturus. Bouten, Miss GLapwin, Glen Ridge, N._J..: Muhlenberg turtle. Frencu, Dr. Cecit, Washington, D. C.: 1 harbor seal. By Exchange. Detroir AguariuM, Detroit, Mich.: 3 lake sturgeons, 12 pike, 5 burbot, 12 pike perch, 5 stone rollers, 15 rock bass, 9 white bass, 5 common suckers, 13 crappie, 2 mus- calunge, 2 spotted catfish. « VNVITIOS,, GNV _NOOLUVA,, ‘SINVHdYTY NVOIWAV AHL ONINNSVAWN gS SAP TO EASA ged fh Hal ORY ° FN (ila ON ag fe i RiGee SA yf . i Rain ts P " 24), »e ‘ - : ‘ “aie eee TOP we ~ ee oy . — as - -_- —_ ne ig — —_ i . a —_ ne | REPORT OF THE VETERINARIAN. By W. REID BLAIR, D.V.S. HE annual death rate is greatly influenced by the condition in which the new animals are received. During the past year an unusual number of monkeys, such as sapajous and mar- mosets, were presented. On examination many of these were found to be in the last stages of “cage paralysis,’ or were so otherwise diseased and emaciated as to be unfit for exhibition in our cages. There were a number of tubercular cases among those presented. Of the animals acquired in this way seventeen died or were destroyed while under quarantine control, so that this number might fairly be excluded from figuring in our death rate for 1907. Distemper.—For the first time in several years we have had a considerable number of distemper cases, all of which, however, were confined to the animals in the Small-Mammal collection. The disease first apeared in a South American wild dog, a recent arrival, confined in the Small-Mammal House. Within a week’s time more than a dozen cases were found, affecting a hyaena dog, South American wild dogs, coati mundi, squirrels, civit cat and desert foxes. All the infected animals were immediately isolated, and the cages thoroughly disinfected daily with steam and a creolin solu- tion. These measures succeeded in confining the disease to the north end of the building. In practically all of the cases con- junctival congestion was one of the earliest and most constant symptoms—swollen eyelids and red mucosa, with weeping. Within twenty-four hours the watery tears became muco-purulent, matting together the lashes and eyelids. Diarrhea set in early, and the fecal discharges, at first black and pasty, soon became mixed with mucus, and even blood. The abdomen was tense and contracted; and weakness and prostration came rapidly. Several of the cases showed marked nervous symptoms from the beginning of the attack. These were par- ticularly pronounced in the case of the hyaena dog, as well as in both Azara dogs. The animals were very restless, frequently getting up and moving about, twitching the muscles of the face and limbs and rolling the eyes. Epileptic attacks appeared in the 120 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. early stages of the disease. These spasms would follow each other in rapid succession. Tonic spasms affected the muscles of the neck, causing the head to be turned rigidly. to one side. In the nervous form, death usually took place on the second or third day after the first sy mptoms were noted. In several of the cases in which the appetite was not entirely lacking, and in which we succeeded in administering medicines, recovery took place in about three weeks. A South American wild dog, two coati mundis, two opossums and a raccoon dog have entirely recovered, but have not yet been returned from the hospital cages. The skin eruptions which are observed in such a large propor- tion of the cases of distemper seen among domestic animals have rarely been observed by me among our wild animals. Gastro-Enteritis—TVhis disease, which has always been an im- portant factor in the death rate of former years, especially among our native American hoofed animals, has been much less trouble- some than formerly. More cases have occurred among the animals on Mountain Sheep Hill than elsewhere. A number of animals which have suffered repeated attacks of gastro-enteritis while occupying that installation are now enjoying good health in the Small-Deer House or in small macadamized corrals else- where. Notable cases are the chamois, markhor and arcal sheep. There were a number of cases of acute gastro-enteritis among the smaller carnivores in the Small-Mammal collection. The symptoms in these cases were: refusal of all food, vomiting and diarrhea. The fecal discharges contained much blood-streaked mucus. In fatal cases death usually took place on the second or third day, the autopsy showing acute inflammation of the mucosa of the stomach and small intestines. Usually there was a small amount of partially digested food in the stomach. In those cases medication was of no avail, as the animals refused all food or drink so persistently that no medicines could be introduced. Tuberculosis—No cases of tuberculosis have occurred outside the primates collection. Exclusive of the cases which died or were destroyed while in quarantine, there were eight cases of tuberculosis among the primates. Unfortunately, of this number the disease claimed two of the oldest inmates of the collection. The orang ““Dohong”’ was found to be hopelessly infected, and was consequently chloro- formed. The chimpanzee “Polly” died of generalized tuberculosis a few months later. The other cases of tuberculosis were prin- cipally among the lemurs. -_, TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 121 Cage Paralysis—Aside from the animals destroyed while in quarantine four cases occurred in our primate collection. Two of these were animals that had been in captivity four or five years. All were chloroformed just as soon as it was evident that they were passing into the terminal stage of the affection. A moor macaque, which was badly affected with cage paralysis some two years ago, has entirely recovered, with all signs of muscular atrophy and paresis entirely gone. In addition to the administration of phosphates of lime, pure olive oil is now being given in some cases, apparently with very beneficial results. The oil is given in very small quantities at first, generally mixed with egg and milk, but it is found that the animals soon acquire a taste for the oil, after which it can be given in larger quantities. When given in small quantities the oil is easily digested and assimilated, and in a few weeks the animals take on flesh. One of the first effects noted from the oil is the improvement in the general appearance. The skin is less dry, and the hair takes on a luster which has been lacking. Meat-Poisoning.—‘Princeton,” our youngest tiger, died of meat-poisoning during the past summer. He had not exhibited any symptoms whatever, but on the keeper’s inspection in the morning he was found dead in his sleeping-box. On examination, the stomach and small intestines were found to contain a large amount of half-digested, foul-smelling flesh. This meat was chocolate-colored and covered with mucus. The mucous membranes, especially those of the stomach, were swollen and congested. The muscular tissue of the heart was very soft and flabby, the blood imperfectly coagulated and granular in ap- pearance, the liver much enlarged and showing signs of rapid decomposition. The spleen was greatly swollen and infiltrated with hemorrhagic areas. The lymph nodes of the mesentery were also enlarged. The phenomena of meat-poisoning are essentially those of septic gastro-enteritis, the symptoms being vomiting, diarrhea and great prostration, quickly followed by collapse. Strange as it may seem, illness sometimes results from feeding meat ap- parently perfectly normal in appearance and taste. As a poison- ous agent consists partly of bacteria and partly of ptomaines, the poison is only weakened by cooking the meat, but is not entirely removed by that process. Owing to the violence of the symptoms the trouble may be easily mistaken for mineral! poisoning. Aneurism and Thrombus with Rupture of the Left Internal 122 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Iliac Artery in a Zebra.—On March 27 the Grant zebra mare de- livered a dead foal, which apparently had been carried the full gestation period. Soon afterward she began gradually to fail in health without presenting any acute or marked symptoms of disease. Notwithstanding a remarkably good appetite, she grad- ually declined, exhibiting emaciation and weakness. Atrophy was most prominent in the hind limbs. During the summer she was transferred to and allowed to range in the buffalo pasture, where besides grazing she was fed daily with grain and hay. No improvement was noted in her condition, but it was noticed that, especially after slight exertion, there was a trembling of the hind limbs. This, however, would disappear after resting a little while. After showing intermittent attacks of lameness in the hind limbs for several weeks, she was found dead in the pasture on October 10. On post-mortem examination the pelvic and ab- dominal cavities were found to contain a great amount of blood. The muscular and connective tissue of the left leg was deeply infiltrated with blood, and the hemorrhage was traced to the internal iliac artery, which was found to contain a very large attached thrombus near its aortic bifurcation. The artery at this point was greatly dilated, exhibiting a large saculated aneurism. The blood vessel was markedly degenerated, and the thrombus filled the entire lumen of the vessel. The thrombus was strati- fied, and pale in color; the rupture of the artery irregular and ragged in appearance. Besides the condition already noted, the uterus showed a chronic inflammation apparently of some months’ standing. Parasitic Diseases.—There were fewer deaths from intestinal parasites than in any previous year. The systematic microscopic examination of the fecal discharges of new arrivals, for the presence of the ova of the different intestinal parasites, has been of great value in directing the proper medication to be carried out before these parasites could set up a serious gastritis or enteritis. Tape-Worm Cysts.—Deaths from this troublesome disease have been mentioned among our American deer and antelope each year, but during the past year not a single case is to be recorded. Since these animals have been cut off from their large grazing ranges—which were undoubtedly infected—and placed in large macadamized corrals, where all the food is under the absolute control of the keepers, these tape-worm cysts have gradually disappeared. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 123 LIST SHOWING CAUSES OF DEATH AMONG THE MAMMALS DURING 1907. ¢|2l2/8|¢/s E e & bo | 2 5 & Be icici alters |) ae ey Ie MEMOINIA aoe cacac eas dnccstleak ape umas ace | 3 | 8 ) 28 cele le 27 Killed by Cage Mates.........c..c0000 ACIP Ve a eine: [a Pere 17 In Quarantine (died or destroyed) | 14 | Ziel coer: | soso el aegis 1 17 MAGERO-CNECTICIS:..dncgssacenscanancaseeess egal aco] bas | 2 1 1 1] WM SECTA BC Gerincs us vaccacrcscesecustvessecset| arenes 9 Dy erate eadeen |aedeee 10 Mista eROUIOSIS 2, (5.c5 0.21 sscghnntioseanests a eel eee [eeccel cccen hae 8 SIL Sass sl, hi ee eee A) Me Bole PoeAN Eee ewes, i Malnutrition and Atrophy........... tole? Ts (yt Re i Fore [eee 5 @StEOMAIACIAN.. cuss .csvsesstsnoetseassees Pike an [Ses IPSS ee te | ety ost 4 EtG Paani Aousceiiosecontswescacesseees Fh Ree seep (eames ee [oe er 3 Ie WIGS st.) Sneed scsocssestdessestsadeeass [Pees fated sents eal | sseees feveees 3 AALASILIC P/MLCTILIS). srvcccevesccosce sess 1 It ileeesat DR Iecvsee | tuence 3 crite Indigestion, .......c.scaseacesise ri | ee SO ia 2 Ble pug PAS COU. 50.2 50508ecsseeeses)| eseess eos taseeeel [rca oe asnseleees 2 See MMC EAL ISe: