St “ar eatery! sate maa ; Bi Ty ee ae wef itatal Uhr ti f as a) ene Patan hg i SO ee A ee fe Le ee or Tite Ey ee [UA peg | Nie ? pray ey f KM ya Vaee ox, ; ; o. Wrest e a Ai Ny ch , ‘ - h 4 ui ii? if Ui “a ? yo? ; 1" : bh] ? a2 : \ i ; ; ee io ’ : ’ a \ * » —— we — a ee “S[[@M o3BO JUATAYIP oy JO JUAUIZBAI] FO VANBJUNSAIdadt SL puNoIs-youg pajyured oy, “‘spunod parpuny-oM} Ynoqe sysiaM puv Suo] Joos ANOJ-AJUAM} St UBWIdAds YBeSAV] OY, MUVd IWOIDOTOOZ AHL NI SNOHLAd TVOUY TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NEW YORK ZOOMOGICAL SOCIETY CHARTERED IN 1895 OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY A PUBLIC ZOOLOGICAL PARK THE PRESERVATION OF OUR NATIVE ANIMALS THE PROMOTION OF ZOOLOGY OHS NEW YORK OFFICE OF THE SOCIETY, 111 BROADWAY JANUARY, 1916 = ; a | 7 ’ a {Qe €55G09 eat eee S] - CopyRIGHT 1916, BY : THE NEW YORK. ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY ; AB 37 £! he - —- e Clark & Fritts "a aaa ee + PRINTERS 208 WEST 36TH STREET Y NEW ae ; ~ = eee eS ok 70 Se. it =») 2) a CONTENTS BOARD OF MANAGERS OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY , OFFICERS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK AND amore MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY SUMMARY OF MEMBERSHIP REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE Sancncuinos OBITUARY—Samuel Thorne : ; : : ; REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR : ; W. T. Hornaday REPORT OF THE PENSION BOARD REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR: AQUARIUM, Charles H. Townsend REPORT OF THE PROSECTOR TREASURER’S REPORT: Income Account Maintenance Fund Ground Improvement Fund Animal Fund. Stokes’ Bird Fund Heads and Horns Library Fund . Aquarium Maintenance Fund 2 : New Building Fund—Corporate Stock No. 92. Endowment Fund . : : Endowment Fund Income eeount Cadwalader Animal Fund Wild Life Fund Improvement and Repair Account Carnegie Pension Fund Pension Fund Income Account Tropical Research Fund AUDIT COMPANY’S REPORT AUDITING COMMITTEE’S REPORT LIST OF ACCESSIONS: Zoological Park Aquarium . DOCUMENTS: Articles of Incorporation . By-Laws INDEX ILLUSTRATIONS REGAL PYTHONS EFFECT OF A SNOW STORM YAK CALF AND MOTHER HEAD OF AFRICAN BLACK RHINOCEROS CANADA GOOSE AND GOSLINGS DROMEDARY AND DWARF DONKEY APPARATUS FOR THE STUDY OF METABOLISM YOUNG EMU SNAKE-KILLING MUSSURANA THE JARARACA . ELK TWINS MUTE SWANS GOLDFISH Frontispiece 34 40 46 50 62 68 76 80 80 86 90 96 THE NEw York AQUARIUM (from an old color print). facing 102 OVAL SHIPPING TANKS WOODEN SHIPPING TANK: RED GROUPER BLACK GROUPER WHITE MARGATE Dog SNAPPER SQUIRREL FISH TIGER ROCKFISH DISTRIBUTING TANKS FILTERS FOR HARBOR WATER CALIFORNIA SALAMANDERS ° 104 104 106 106 110 110 112 112 116 116 118 Board of Managers j THE MAYOR of the City of New York. Ex-officto: > 5 PREsIDENT, Dep't of Parks, City of New York CLASS OF 1917 HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, GEORGE F’. BAKER, WILLIAM C. CHURCH, GRANT B. SCHLEY, LISPENARD STEWART, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, H. CASIMIR DE RHAM, ROBERT S. BREWSTER, CHARLES F. DIETERICH, EDWARD S. HARKNESS, JAMES J. HILL, WILLIAM B. OscooD FIELD. GEASS MOR. 9s LEvI P. Morton, FRANK K. STURGIS, ANDREW CARNEGIE, GEORGE J. GOULD, MADISON GRANT, OGDEN MILLS, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS, *SAMUEL THORNE, ARCHER M. HUNTINGTON, HENRY A. C. TAYLOR, HENRY M. TILFORD. GEASS Oke aio F. AUGUSTUS SCHERMERHORN, FREDERICK GILBERT BOURNE, PERCY R. PYNE, W. AUSTIN WADSWORTH, GEORGE B. GRINNELL, EMERSON MCMILLIN, GEORGE C. CLARK, ANTHONY R. KUSER, CLEVELAND H. DODGE, WATSON B. DICKERMAN, C. LEDYARD BLAIR, MorTIMER L. SCHIFF. * DECEASED. New York Zoological Soriety GENERAL OFFICE, 111 Broadway, NEW YORK CITY President: HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN. First Vice-President and Secretary: Second Vice-President: MADISON GRANT, FRANK K. STURGIS. Treasurer: PERCY R. PYNE, 20 Exchange Place. Assistant Treasurer: THE FARMERS’ LOAN & TRUST COMPANY. Exerrutive Conmitter MADISON GRANT, Chairman. IBERCY: R. PYNE, LISPENARD STEWART, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, WATSON B. DICKERMAN, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, ANTHONY R. KUSER, FRANK K. STURGIS, HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, ex officio. Auditing Committee WILLIAM WHITE NILES, Chairman. H. CASIMIR DE RHAM, LISPENARD STEWART. Pension Board GEORGE C. CLARK, Chairman. CHARLES H. TOWNSEND. PERCY R. PYNE, Treasurer. H. R. MITCHELL, LEWIS R. Morris, RAYMOND L. DITMARS, WM. B. OSGOOD FIELD, HERMANN W. MERKEL, Secretary, Editurial Committee HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Chairman. WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, CHARLES H. TOWNSEND. Geueral Officers WILLIAM T. HorNADAY, Director of the Zoological Park. CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Director of the Aquarium. GEORGE S. HUNTINGTON, Prosector. C. GRANT LA FARGE, Architect. H. DE B. PARSONS, Consulting Engineer. H. J. SHORTER, Assistant Secretary. R. L. CERERO, Bursar. Officers of the Zoulogical Park WILLIAM T. HoRNADAY, Director and General Curator. H. R. MITCHELL, Chief Clerk. RAYMOND L. DITMARS, Curator of Reptiles. C. WILLIAM BEEBE, Curator of Birds. LEE S. CRANDALL, Assistant Curator of Birds. W. REID BLAIR, Veterinarian HERMANN W. MERKEL, Chief Forester and Constructor. GEORGE M. BEERBOWER, Civil Engineer. WILLIAM MITCHELL, Cashier. ELWIN R. SANBORN, Photographer and Editor. Officers of the Aquarium CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Director. W. I. DE NYSE, Assistant. CHAPMAN GRANT, Assistant. L. L. MowBray, Assistant. GEORGE A. MAcCALLUM, Pathologist. ROBERT SUTCLIFFE, Clerk. Aquarium Committer CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Chairman. CHARLES L. BRISTOL, EDMUND B. WILSON, BASHFORD DEAN, CLEVELAND H. DODGE, ALFRED G. MAYER, CHARLES B. DAVENPORT, THOMAS H. MorGAn, CHARLES R. STOCKARD, RAYMOND C. OSBURN, GRENVILLE KANE. MEMBERS New York Zonlogical Sorivty January 1, 1916 Gouorary Members *Pror. ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, Pror. J. A. ALLEN, Tue DvuKke or Benprorp, Herr F. E. Biaauw, *Mr. Arruur Erwin Brown, Dr. Frank M. CHarPpMan, *Pror. DanreLt Grraup EL.iort, Baker, GeorGE F., *CADWALADER, JOHN L., CaRNEGIE, ANDREW, Doncr, CLEVELAND H., *THORNE, S *Sir Witi1aAmM FLowe_er, *Dr. F. L. Hoest, Sir Epmunp G. Looper, Dr. C. Hart Merriam, Hon. Lionet Watrer RoTuHscHi4p, *Dr. Puitie Lutitey ScLaTeEr, Mr. FrepertcK CourtTENEY SELOUS, Beurtactors Kuser, Cor. AntHoony R., *Morean, J. P., RocKEFELLER, WILLIAM, Scuirr, Jacos H.,, AMUEL, Founders in Perpetuity *BaRNEY, CHARLES T., Bourne, FrepderrIcK G., Dietericu, Cuarwes F.,, Gouxp, Grorce J., Harkness, Epwarp S., Hitz, James J., Mackay, CLarENcE H., Mitts, Ocpen, Morton, Hon. Levi P., Pyne, Percy R., Rogprnson, NELSON, RocKEFELLER, JOHN D., SrTewart, [LISPENARD, Taytor, Henry A. C., Tuomeson, Mrs. FREDERICK F., *TyorNE, Miss PHorBeE ANNA, *Wuitney, Hon. WitiiaMm C., ARCHBOLD, JOHN D., AVERY, SAMUEL P., *Barnes, JOHN S., Berwinp, Epwarp J., Buair, C, Lepy arp, Brewster, Ropert S., *CuisHoLtm, Hueu J., Crark, Greorce CRAWFORD, *Dopcr, Witi1aM E.., *GoELET, RoBert, Huntinctron, ArcHER M., *HuNTINGTON, C. P., McMiriurn, Emerson, *OvrTENDORFER, OSWALD, Founders Payne, Cou. Oxtver H., PERKINS, GrEorGE W., RaINnEy, Pav J., ScHERMERHORN, F.. Avucustus, Scuirr, Mortimer L., Scuiey, Grant B., SneparD, Mrs. FINieEy J., *SLoaNE, WiLLIAM D., *Sroxes, Miss CaroLinE PHELPs, Strureis, Frank K., Trevor, Miss Emiry, Trevor, Mrs. Joun B., *V ANDERBILT, CORNELIUS, VANDERBILT, WILLIAM K,, Woop, Mrs. ANTOINETTE Eno, * DECEASED. 14 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Assuriate Founders *Bapcock, SAMUEL D., *Carrer, JAMES C., *CrocKER, GEORGE, pERHAM, H. Casimir, *Jrsup, Morris K., Osporn, Pror. Henry FatrriE_p, *ARNOLD, Hicks, Avucurncioss, Mrs. Hucu D., Barney, JAMES W., *Buiss, CorNELIus N., *Buiss, Greorce T., Bronson, Epear BEECHER, Crarx, Mrs. George CrAWwForD, *CoNSTABLE, FREDERICK A., *Coox, Henry H., DELUCINGE, PRINCESS, Euret, GEORGE, *Fiower, RosweE tu P., Forp, James B., *Forp, J. Howarp, Goup, Jr., EDWwin, Harkness, Cuaries W., Harrison, Jr., GeorcE L., *Havemeyer, Henry O., *HaveMEYER, WILLIAM F., Hawxes, Mrs. McDoveatt, *Hewirr, ABRAM S., *HorrmMan, Very Rev. E. A, Hornapay, Dr. Wo. T., Howser, Evwarp J., *TsELIN, ADRIAN, *James, D. WI Is, James, NorMAN, James, Dr. Watter B., Jennineos, Miss A. B., *Lewis, Mrs. GrorGE, Apams, Epwarp DEAN, AcneEw, Cornetius R., Acnew, GrorceE B., AKeE LEY, Cart E., Awnprews, Constant A., AnprEWS, J. SHERLOCK, Armour, Atuison Vs Arnowp, Epwarp W. C., *Aucuinctoss, Hucx D., Bargsour, THOMAS, Bargsour, WILLIAM, *Barnes, Miss Cora F., *RHINELANDER, Miss SERENA *ScHUYLER, PHILIP, Scuuyter, Mrs. PHIip, Srurcis, Mrs. Franx K., Tirrany & Company, VANDERBILT, CORNELIUS, Patrons *Wotrr, A., Mayer, Dr. Arrrep G., Morris, NEWBOLD, *Morris, A. NEWBOLD, *Morris, Mrs. A. Newson, Osporn, WiLL1AM CHURCH, *Ossporn, Mrs. Witi1am H., *Poor, Henry W., *Pyne, Mrs. Percy R., Ryan, Tuomas F., Sacre, Mrs. RussELt1, *SCHERMERHORN, WILLIAM C., SELIGMAN, Isaac NEWTON, *SENFF, CHarLes H., Smreson, Miss JEAN WALKER, *STICKNEY, JOSEPH, Taytor, Jr., JAMEs B., TuHorRNE, EDWIN, TuorneE, Frances B., Tuorne, Henry S., THORNE, JOEL W., TuorneE, Lanpon K,, TuorNE, JR., SAMUEL, TuorNeE, S. BRINCKERHOFF, TxuorneE, Victor C., *THORNE, WILLIAM, Tsaper, Mrs. Marcarert T., *Twomsiy, H. McK., *Von Post, Herman C., *Wess, WILLIAM H., Wuitney, Harry, Lite Members Barnes, J. SANFORD, Barucu, Bernarp M., Brese, C. Wiliam, Bett, Mrs. C. M., Bett, Gorpon Kwox, Betmont, AvGUST, Berts, SAMUEL RossITER, Biyns, WALTER, Biro, CHarLes SUMNER, BisHor, Hrper REGINALD, Brarr, Dr. W. Retr, Buss, Mrs. Rozsert W., * DECEASED. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT Buiopcerr, WiLLttam TrEpon, Boxuptr, Grorce C., Boorn, Wiiu1am H., Boury, Louis J., *Bowporn, GeorGE S., *Bowpoin, TEMPLE, Bravtey, J. R., BrinsMADE, CHarLes LYMAN, Brown, Georce McKessen, Bucu, Miss Emtiry, BurvEN, 2Nvd, HENRY, BuriricH, Grorce W., Burr, WINTHROP, Burrace, Carr. Guy H., BusHNELL, JOSEPH, BuriLer, Witt1aM MIL1, CaMMANN, GEorGE P., Camp, Hucu N., CaULDWELL, Dr. Cuartes MILBANK, Cerero, R. L., CHANLER, WINTHROP, CuapPin, CuHartes M., CuaPiIn, Cuester W., CuisHoutm, Jr., Huew J., CuurcuH, Freperic E., Cuurcnu, Mrs. Neue E., CuurcH, WILLARD, CuurcH, WiLtt1AM Conant, CrarxK, F. Amprose, CriarK, GeorceE C., JR., CLARKSON, BANYER, Cor, Wii1t1am R., Corrin, Cuartes A., CoLGaTE, WILLIAM, Coxuier, Rosert J., Coit, SAMUEL P., ConstTaBLE, Mrs. FrepEericK A., Cooper, Mrs. Cuarres W., CorRNING, JOHN J., CRANE, ZENAS, Crane, Z. Marsuatt, CrRIMMINS, JOHN D., Davis, JoHN W. A.,, Davis, WILLIAM T., DECoPPET, Epwarp J., Drertnc, CHARLES, pEHereptrA, C., DELAFIELD, ALBERT, pEMintnHavu, Louis JoHNn, DeRuam, CHARLES, DeWirr, WititiaM G., Dick, J. Henry, DicKERMAN, Watson B., Dickey, Cuartes D., Dimock, Mrs. Henry F., Dissron, Jr., Henry, Dirmars, R. L., Doncer, Marcertus Hartrey, Doextcer, CuHartes P., DoeLceErR, PETER, Drarer, Mrs. Henry, Dresser, Oscar, DuBots, Miss ErHet, DuBois, Miss KATHERINE, DuBois, Witiiam A.,, Ducmore, A. RapdcLyFFeE, Dunnam, Epwarp K,, DunscomBr, GrorGE ELLSworRTH, Dwyer, THomas, Epnoar, NEWBOLD, Euiot, SAMUEL, Exuis, W. Drxon, Exy, Amprose K., Emmet, C. TEMPLE, *Eno, Amos F., Farrcuitp, Hon. Cuart.es S., FEARING, GreorcE R., Fietp, CorTLANDT DEPEYSTER, Fieitp, Wm. B. Oscoon, Fieip, Mrs. Wm. B. Oscoon, Fisuer, Mrs. Henry J., FLerrmaANn, WILLIAM MEDIrICcoTT, Fiint, Cartes R., Forp, Henry, Fraser, Miss S. Grace, *FrRENCH, S. BarTON, Fueuret, Howarp, Garner, R. L., Gerry, Exsrivce T., GoxipscumiptT, S. A., GooprincE, Mrs. F. G., *GooDWIN, JAMES J., Goutp, Grorce H., Grant, DeForest, Grant, Mapison, GrRINNELL, Georce B., GUGGENHEIM, DANIEL, GuGGENHEIM, S. R., Guntuer, Bernarp G., GunTHER, FRANKLIN L., Gururize, Wn. D., HaGensBeck, HEINRICH, Hacensecx, Lorenz, Hamiiton, Pirrpont Morean, Hamitton, Wm. Pierson, Harpine, J. Horace, Harxness, Mrs. S. V., Harrau, CHarzes J., Harriman, Mrs. E. H., Harris, Anan C., Hart, Frank, Haupt, Dr. Lovuts, Havemeyenr, F. C., Havemeyer, T. A., Hirt, Huen, Hor, Miss MarcGaret, *DECEASED. 16 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Hor, Ricuarp M., Hor, Mrs. Ricuarp M., Horxins, GeorceE B., *Hussparp, Tuomas H., Hype, Mrs. Crarence M., Hype, James H., IsELIN, JR., ADRIAN, JacKxson, Dr. Victor H., James, ArtHur CURTISS, JenninGS, Oxiver G., *Jesup, Mrs. Morris K., Juruiarp, Mrs. A. D., Jones, Mrs. Epwarp H., Kaun, Orrto H., Kane, GRENVILLE, Kinc, GeorGe Gorpon, Kinney, Morris, Kunuarpt, W. B., LaFarce, C. Grant, Lanepon, Woopsury G., LANIER, CHARLES, Ler, Cuartes NortTHamM, Lereps, Mrs. Warner M., Leuman, S. M., Low, C. ADOLPHE, Low, SETH, Lyopic, Davin, Lynic, Cart. Purr M., McALEENAN, JOSEPH A., McAuprn, Cuartes WILLISTON, McComp, J. Scort, McKeever, I. C., McKinney, Grenn Forp, McLane, Guy RicHarDs, McMrizu1x, Marton, *Macxay, DoNALD, Macy, V. Everitt, Maoprira, Percy C., Maztory, Cuarres H., Maruinc, ALFRED E., MarsHaty, Louts, MaxweE i, RosBert, Merxer, Hermann W.., Mitrier, Dr. Georce N., Mitris, Ocven L., Mirron, Mrs. Wo. F., Mircuetit, A. M. Post, Mircuett, H. R., MircHert, Mason, Monet, AMBROSE, Moore, Freperic P., Moran, Dantet E., Morean, J. P., Morcan, JrR., Mrs. J. P., Morris, Dr. Lewis RuTHERFURD, Nessirt, A. G., Newso.p, THoMAas, NEwLanp, V. M., Nicuots, Mrs. Witi1amM Girman, Nizes, J. Barron, Nites, Wint11am WHITE, Nites, Mrs. Wiri1am W., Norton, JoHN W., Nye, JosepH K., Osporn, Mrs. Wiri1am CrurcH. Ospurn, Dr. Raymonp C., Patnter, Kenyon V., Parisu, Henry, ParrisH, JAMES C., Preasopy, Cuaries A., Perkins, WittiaM H., Puetes, Carr. JoHN J., Preps, Mrs. M. von R., Putts, Dr. JoHn C,, Puitups, JoHN M., Purprs, Henry, PHOENIX, Lioyp, PHOENIX, PHILLIPS, Prerce, Henry Cray, PIERREPONT, JOHN JAY, Pierrepont, Rozert L., PrerREPONT, SETH Low, Porrer, CLARENCE, Porrer, WIrson, Pratt, Darras B., Procror, A. PHIMISTER, Purirzer, RaLPu, Pyne, M. Taytor, Raymonnp, Cuartes H., Riker, Jr., SAMUEL, Rosrnson, ARTHUR, Rocers, ARCHIRALD, Runeius, CARL, RutTHERFURD, WINTHROP, Saurus, J. SANFORD, Sampson, HENRY, Sanrorp, Henry, Sanrorp, Jr., Henry, SanForD, SAMUEL S., Sancer, FarrrieLD OsBorN, ScHIEFFELIN, SCHUYLER, Scutey, Evanper B., Seron, Ernest THomrson, SHELDON, CHARLES, SuERMAN, GEORGE, *SuerMaANn, Witt1am Watts, Sutetps, Georce O., Stoan, Benson B., Stoan, Marcorm D., Stoan, SAMUEL, Souer, LeRoy, SPEYER, J AMES, Sauter, Stuart C., Srerson, Francis LynveE, Stewart, Jr.. Wm. R., Sroxes, Miss Onrivia E. PHELPs, *DECEASED. EEE oe TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT ies StraicutT, Mrs. WILiarp, Streeter, D. D., Srurces, FREDERICK, TaRLTON, LESLIE JEFFERIS, THaLMAN, ERNST, Tuayer, Mrs. ErHet RANDOLPH, Tuompson, Lewis S., THompson, WILLIAM P., TitrorD, Frank, Tizrorp, Henry M., Top, Rosert E.., Topp, Witi1AMmM R., TowNnsenp, Dr. Cuartes H., Trevor, Henry G., Trevor, JoHN B., Tritton, CiaubE H., Tuck, Epwarp, UHLMANN, FREDERICK, WoNies Abisastes INS *V ANDERBILT, ALFRED G.. Van RensseLarr, Cuartes A., Varnum, Mrs. James M., WapswortH, Mas. W. Austin, WavswortH, Mrs. W. A., Warp, D. Everett, Wainwricut, Ricuarp I., Waker, Dr. Henry FREEMAN, WarsBure, Ferix M., Watson, JAMEs S., Wess, Dr. W. Seward, Wetcuer, Mrs. Fanny Avery, WENDELL, Evert JANSEN, Wetmore, CHarLes W., Wermore, GEorRGE PEABODY, Wuarton, Wii11aAM P., Wueatton, Louis N., Wuirtr, Jr., JOHN Jay, WHITEHEAD, PAUL, Wuitney, Caspar, Wutitney, CorNreLius VANDERBILT, Wuirney, Harry Payne, WHITNEY, PAYNE, Wriitets, Eimore A., Wiiiets, Howarp, Wiriiams, Ciark, Wintrurop, Ecerton L., WoerisHoFrer, Mrs. ANNA, Woop, Miss Ereanor DENNISTON, WortHIncton, C. C., Barspour, THomas, Breese, C. WiL1ttaM, *BickmMorE, Pror. ALBERT S., Brarr, Dr. W. Rem, Bristot, Pror. Cuartes I.., Brooxs, Dr. Hartow, Catxins, Pror. Gary N., Crampton, Pror. Henry F., Cranvatt, Leer S., Davenport, Dr. Cuartes B., Dean, Dr. Basurorp, Dirmars, R. L., DurcHer, WILLIAM, Grant, Manprson, Grecory, Dr. Wir1iiam K., GRINNELL, GeorceE B., Gunc_Er, Pror. E. W., Fellows 7 Hornapvay, Dr. Wo. T., Huntincton, Dr. Grorce S., Ler, Pror. Freperic S., Lucas, Dr. Freperic A., MacCattum, Dr. Grorce A.., Marrnew, Dr. W. D., Maver, Dr. Atrrep G., MERKEL, HErMANN W., Morcan, Pror. Tuomas H., Osporn, Pror. Henry FatrriELp, Ossurn, Dr. Raymonn C., Scuutte, Pror. H. von W.. Scorr, Dr. Grorce G., Seton, Ernest THOMPSON, SHELDON, CHARLES, SrockarD, Dr. Cuarzes R., TownsENpD, Dr. Cuartes H., Witson, Pror. Epmunp B.. Sustaining Members ARCHBOLD, JoHN D., Baxer, Grorce F., Barzour, WILLA, Forp, James B., Hamitton, Wm. Prerson, Havemeyer, F. C., Hor, Ricuarp M., Hor, Mrs. Rrcuarp M., Hyone, Mrs. Crarence M., Morean, J. P., Porter, CLARENCE, Scuirr, Jacos H., Scurry, Grant B., Sretson, Francis L., Stewart, LispENARD, Strureis, Franx K.. * DECEASED. +The class of Fellows of the New York Zoological Society was organized early in 1909, and includes members of the Society who are working and scien- tifie zoologists. 18 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Aual Members Axsgorr, Mrs. Marie M., ABEEL, GEORGE, ABEEL, JOHN H., ABERCROMBIE, Davin T., Axs-Hacen, ERNEsT, Acueuis, Frirz, ACHELIS, JOHN, Apam, Jr., Hueco S., Apams, Cuartes F., Apams, Freperick B., Apvams, Mrs. F. T., Apams, JoHN DonsBar, Apams, TuatcHer M., Apams, Mrs. Wm. CritteENvDEN, Aver, Miss Exrxren Lovise, AGNeEw, Mrs. Cornewius R., AITKEN, JoHN W., Axpricu, Mrs. James Herman, ALExANbvER, Mrs. Cuartes B., ALEXANDER, DovuGLas, ALEXANDER, Frank D., ALEXANDER, Mrs. HELEN B., ALEXANDER, Mrs. Henry Appison, ALEXANDER, Mrs. WILLIAM, ALEXANDRE, Mrs. JoHn E., ALEXANDRE, Mrs. J. JOSEPH, ALLAND, MAvRICE, Auten, Rev. ArtHur HuntTINGTON, ALLEN, ETHAN, ALLIEN, FREDERICK, ALTSCHUL, C., Amory, COPLEY, Ams, Cuartes M., Amy, Ernest J. H., PNG res ga) Gee) les : ANDERSON, ARCHIBALD J. C., ANDERSON, P. CHAUNCEY, Awnverson, Mrs. J. Scort, ANDREINI, J. M., AwnprREWs, GwyNNE M., AppLeton, Francis R., APPLETON, JAMES W., ARCHBOLD, JOHN F., ArcHBOLD, Mrs. J. F., AREND, F. J., Armour, GrorGE A., Armour, Mrs. Herman O., * ARMSTRONG, J. H., Arnoxup, Mrs. Grover C., Artz, C. W., ASPINWALL, J. LAWRENCE, Astor, VINCENT, Arwater, JR. RicHarp M., Avcuinctoss, Mrs. C. C., Avucnuinctioss, JR., Mrs. Encar S., Avucuincioss, Sr., Mrs. Enear S., AvcuinctLoss, Hucn, AUCHINCLOss, JOHN W., AverBacH, Mrs. Josery S., Aycricc, B. ArrHur, Aymar, Mrs. Jose, BacueE, JULES S., Bacon, Grorce W., Bace, Dr. Crinton L., BaHNSEN, C., Baitey, Mrs. James M., Baxer, Cuas. D., Baker, Cuaries H., BAKER, STEPHEN, Baxtpwin, Axusert H., Batpwin, Freperick H., Baipwin, JR., JARED G., Barpiarp, Epwarp L., BALLARD, SUMNER, Banxs, THeopore H., Bannarp, Orto T., BarsBey, Henry G., Barcitay, Mrs. REGInap, Bartow, Perer TowNseEnpdD, Barnard, J. AUGUSTUS, Barnes, Miss Cuarnorre A., Barnes, Epwarp W., BaRNEs, JAMES, =Barnes, Mrs. JoHN S., Barney, A. L.., Barney, Asner H., Barney, Enear S., Barney, Mrs. J. STEWART, Barnum, Witiiam M., Barron, Georce D., Barror, Henry G.,, Bartrert, Pui G., Bates, Dr. W. H., Barrerson, JAMeEs G., Baver, Oswatp A., Baver, R. M., Baxter, Jr., GEORGE 5., Bayarp, Louis P., Bayires Epmunp L., Bayuts, WILLIAM, Bayne, Mrs. L. P., Beapieston, ArrreD N., BEALL, JEREMIAH, Breese, Water H., BEEKMAN, Dr. FENWICK, BEEKMAN, GERARD, Beers, Mrs. E. LeGranp, Beur, ROBERT, Bett, Ernest L., Betz, Louis V., Brett, Park E., Better, A., *DECEASED. TWENTIETH Better, Wiiiiam F., BEeMENT, Epwarp, Benepict, Lemur. C., BenkakbD, Harry H., BenxarpD, Mrs. Harry H., BENJAMIN, GeorRGE PoweELt1, Benson, R. LAwreENCE, Benson, Miss Mary, Benton, ANDREW A., Benson, Ropert, Berens, Dr. T. Passmore, BerNarpD, PierRE ARNOLD, BerNuHeEm™, Georce B., BERNHEIMER, CHARLES L., BEROLZHEIMER, E., Berrron, S. R., Bier, Mrs. Sytvan, Bicetow, WixiamM S., Bisur, ABRAHAM, BirermrneGs,, CC. Ke (Ga, Bircwart, W. H., Brrp, GErorGE, BLaGpEN, GEORGE, BuaGpeN, Mrs. GerorcGe, Briacpen, Mrs. Juria G., “Brat, 1D. C., Bratr, J. INSLEY, Buatr, Mrs. Lepyarp, Buss, Ernest C., Buss, Wiitt1am H., Buropcet, ALDEN S., Bioopcoop, Rogert F., BiLoomINGpDALE, Mrs. Joseru B., Buioss, James O., Borse, Quincy Warp, BorssevAin, G. L., Borron, Miss Era F., Botton, Wiii1Am H., Bonp, Axrrep H., Bonp, Jr., Henry R., Bonpb, STerHeN N., Bonner, G. T., Bootn, Mrs. Aucusta, Boornu, Enos S., Bopp, JouHNn, BorcstEepDE, JoHN G., Borianpb, J. NELson, BortandD, WiLi1aMmM G., Bourton, Wirii1amM B., Bownorn, Miss Enpiry G., BowENn, CLARENCE WINTHROP, Bowen, Mrs. H. S., BowENn, JAMES, Bowers, JoHN M., Bowne, Francis Draper, Brapitey, ALLAN B. A., Brapy, JAMES BUCHANAN, Brapy, Nicuo.as F., ANNUAL REPORT Branp, Oscar J., Bransom, Pau, BrebeE, JOHN, Bremer, Avcust F., Brewster, Mrs. BENJAMIN, Brewster, Georce S., Brick, SAMUEL R., Brinces, RosBert, Bricecs, James E., BriINCKERHOFF, ALEX. G., BRIsTOL, JOHN 1.: D., Bristow, Witiiam B., BRODMERKEL, JR., CHARLES, Brokaw, CuirrorpD V., Brokaw, Mrs. Cxuirrorp V., Bronson, Dr. Epvwarp BENNET, Bronson, MayuHew W., Brooxs, Miss Berrua G., Broucuton, Mrs. U. H.., Brower, Georce V., Brown, Cuartes F., Brown, Dickson Q., Brown, Epwin H., Brown, Cor. FRANKLIN Q., Brown, J. ApaAms, Brown, JoHN Barker, Brown, Ricuarp E., Brown, STEPHEN P., Brown, Mrs. Tuomas E., Brown, VERNON CARLETON, Brown, Watpron P., Brownine, WitiiAmM H., Brownine, J. A., Brunopice, Miss Exisasetu B., Brunnow, Rupoteyu E., *Bryan, Geo. J., Bryce, Miss Epirn, *Bryce, Mrs. WILL1aM, Buckner, Tuomas A., Bupp, Henry A., BurcuHner, C. FRep, Buitkiry, Epwin M., Burkey, Mrs. Epwin M., Buikiey, L. Duncan, Buu, J. Enaar, Burt, Mrs. Wu. Lamman, BurRvDEN, JR., JAMES A., BurveEen, Jrz., Mrs. James A., Burpen, Mrs. W. A. M., Burcess, Enwarp G., Burirticu, Mrs. Greorce W., *BusH, JouN S., Busx, Frep T., Butter, ArtHur W., Burter, Cuarres D., Burier, Cartes STEWART, Burrer, Mrs. P. H., Butter, Miss VirGrnta, * DECEASED. 19 20 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Cazot, F. H., Carsar, Henry A., CaHEN, Juuius P., Cann, ArtHur L., Cattenper, Miss Mary R., CALLENDER, Water R., CaLmMan, Henry L., CaLMAN, ALBERT, CaMMANN, Epwarp C., CamMANN, Henry Lorityarp, CaMMANN, Herman H., CaMPBELL, DoNnaLD, CamMPpsBeELL, J. W. C., CANFIELD, GrorGE FOLGER, Cannon, JAMEs G., Cawnrosert, A. H., Carey, Freperick F., Carty, Henry T., Caruart, Mrs. A. SIBLEY, Carnecie, Mrs. ANDREW, CARPENDER, WILLIAM, CarpEntTER, C. L., Carr, Mrs. Watter L., Cartirr, P. C., Cast, Henry P., Cass, CHarLeEs ANDERSON, Cassarp, WiLi1aM J., Catrucart, Miss JENNIE R., CxHazot, THEODORE J. Cuatmers, Arruur A., CHAMBERLIN, Witi1aAm B., CuamBers, Frank R., Cuampbers, Hinary R., *CHAMPOLLION, ANDRE, Cuampottion, Mrs. Anpre C., Cuanrrr, Rozert W,, . Cuaptxn, Miss Marta Bowen, CHAPMAN, ARTHUR, CuapmMan, Henry Oris, CHAPMAN, JOHN JAY, CuHauncey, Exinu, Cuaves, JosE Epwarp, CHENEY, GeorcE L,, Cuenety, Jr., Mrs. Knrcut Dexter, Cutty, Mrs. Lewis P., Cuiups, EvEeRsLEY, Cuixps, Startine W., Cuitps, Wizit1am H,, CuisHorm, Sr., Mrs. Huen J., Cuoate, JoserH K., Curisttancy, Greorce A. C., Curistie, Rosert, L., Cuuss, Percy, Cuourcnu, Cuartes T., Cuourcu, Jr., EK. D., Cuurcu, Grorce H., Cuorcu, F. S., Cuurcn, Louis P., CLAFLIN, JOHN, Crapp, Ac ses Crancy, JoHN Evarts, Crark, Cuas. HopxKIns, CrarK, Cuaries Martin, Criark, D. Crawrorp, CrarK, Epwarp H., Crarx, Miss E. Maen, CrarKx, Hersert L., CrarK, J. Francis ALoysivus, CrarK, Mrs. JouHn C., CrarK, JR, Louis ©; CuarK, Miss Martan AVERELL. CLARK] a WigeAts Criark, Watter G., CrarK, Witiiam N., Crarke, E. A. S:, CrarKke, THomas SHIELDS, CLAUSEN, GeEorGE C., CiemMENS, Dr. James B., Crirews, Mrs. James B., CieveLaNnp, Miss Maser H., Crype, Wiriiam P., Cocuran, G. D., Cocurane, A. W. S., Cocurane, F. D., Cocxcrort, Miss E. V., Cocxran, Hon. W. Bourke, Cocxran, Mrs. W. Bourke, Coppincton, Mrs. JEFFERSON, Cor, Cuartes A., Corrin, Frances A., Corrin, Wi~i1am Epwarp, Cotpurn, AxBert E., Cortsy, Howarp A., Core, Epwarp F., Corse, Mrs. Ruvrvus, Coruirr, Mrs. R. J., Cottins, CLaRENCE LyMan, Cotitns, Miss GERTRUDE, Cortins, Dr. Stacy Bunp, Corr, Harris D., Cort, Ricuarp C., Comstock, Mrs. H. G.. Conpon, THomas GERALD, ConHEIM, HERMANN, ContTrentT, Harry, ConNeELL, Herpert STANLEY, Conx1iinec, Pavur B., Conrap, Miss Anicta D., Converse, Miss Mary E., Conway, Mrs. Maup ALtt1s, ConyncHAM, JoHN N. Coox, Cuartss S., Coomsr, T. Gorton, Coorrr, H. S. FENtMorE, Cooper, THEODORE, CortELL, WM. WALLACE. *DECEASED. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 21 Corsett, Mrs. Henry L., CorBin, AUSTIN, Coruies, Howarp, Cornine, C. R., Cory, DanieL W., Coster, Miss Syxvia DE G., Cowpin, WINTHROP, Crane, Mrs. Jonatuan H., CravatH, Mrs. Pau D., Crawrorp, Rosert L., CrAWForD, WILLIAM, CrayEN, Dr. Gustav A., CrimMINs, T'Homas, Crocker, Rosert S., Crocker, Witi1am T., CROMWELL, JAMES W., CrRoMWELL, LINCOLN, Crossy, MaunseE.u S., Cross, Mrs. C. VANDERBILT, Cross, Grorce D., Cross, W. RepmMonn, CrossLey, G. REGINALD, CuNNINGHAM, W. DEL., CurigE, CHARLES, CuriEL, H., Curtrr, Rautpy L., Currinc, Mrs. W. Bayarp, Cuytier, Mrs. C. C., Cuy er, Miss Exeanor DEG., *Daaz, Martin, Dapmun, Geo. E., DatLtey, GRANVILLE F., Dauett, FRepDEric A., Dana, CHartes A., Dana, Pavt, Davenport, Mrs. Ira, Davince, Witi1am H., Davies, Frepertck M., Davies, J. CLARENCE, Davirs, JULIEN Tappan, *Davis, Daniet A., Davis, Davin T., Davis, GHERARDI, Davis, How1ianp, Davis, JosePH P., Davis, Morcan, Davis, W. J., Davison, CHARLES STEWART, Davison, Miss Ex1ta H., Davison, Grorce Howarp, Davison, Mrs. Henry P., Day, Artuur M., Day, Mrs. Henry Mitts, pEForest, Miss CARroLtne, pEForest, LocKwoop, DeForest, Rosert W., Drcener, J. F., DeGotcourta, A. V., DEGRAFFENRIED, Baroness R., DeKtuyn, B. F., DELAFIELD, Enwarp C., DELAFIELD, FREDERICK P., DELaFIELD, Lewis L., *DevLaFIELD, Miss Juxra Livincston, DELANO, WARREN, DEeLaNnoy, WitiiaM C., pELAuGIER-VILLARS, COUNTEsS, Demine, L. C., Demorest, Mrs. Wm. Curtis, Derew, Mrs. Cuauncey M., DePuy, Henry F.,, pERuHaAm, Mrs. H. Casimir, Dery, D. Georer, Desparp, Water D., Devereux, Watrer B., Dexter, STANLEY W., Dryo, Rozert E., DEZALDO, FREDERICK, Dick, Mrs. Evans R., Dicxerson, E. N., Dien, Georce H., Dien, Jr., Georce H., Dienst, A. P., DrestEL, Wm., Dike, Oscar D., Ditton, W. B., Drvocx, Georce E., Dinsmore, Mrs. W. B., Drxon, Tueronvore P.., Dopp, Miss Gerrrrupe, Donee, Miss Exizaneru W.., Donecer, Francis P., *Donce, Miss Grace H., Doner, Mrs. Marsuaru J.. Domm™enricn, Orro L., Donatp, Miss Anna E., Donaxpson, Roserr M., Doremus, F. S., Dovuetas, JAMES, Dovucuias, Wititam H., Dovuerass, ALFRED, Dow, Cartes, M., Down, Josrepn, Down, Mrs. JosEerx, Downe, Epwarp D., Downer, J. Hatsey, Downey, JoHN, Dows, Davin, Dows, Sr., Mrs. Davin, Dows, Tracy, Draper, Dr. Wititam K., Drayton, J. CoLemMan, Draz, Franctis, Drexet, Mrs. Joun R., Drorscnuer, S. R., Drummonp, I. Wyman, * DECEASED. ip NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Duane, Ricwarp, Bacue, Du Bois, Dr. Evcene F., Du Bors, Dr. Marruew B., Duet, Dr. Arruvr B., Durer, Mrs. JoHN BEVERLEY, Doutes, Jr., WILLIAM, Duncan, Mrs. JoHN P., Duncan, STvuart, Duncan, Mrs. Sruart, Dunvpas, RatpH Worrs, Dunuam, Dr. Carrot, *Dunuam, Mrs. G. H., Dunn, GANO, Durxeer, A. W., Durxee, Ricuarp P. H., Duryea, Mrs. H. B., DuVat, Mrs. Horace C., Dwicut, JoHN E., EFacir, JoHN H., Eames, JoHN C., Eastman, Miss ANNE K., Easton, Cuaries PHILLIP, Eaton, Mrs. Freperick H., EBERHART, CHARLES, Exzet, M. C., EBERMANN, Mrs. ERNEsT, EcxkstEe1n, GEORGE, Ecxart, Epmunp, Eepar, D., Epcar, Herman L. R., Enear, Mrs. J. Ciirron, *EpGELL, GrorGE S., Epmonps, JoHN W., Epwarps, Wm. SEYMoUR, Epwarps, Case, Ecer, THeopor G., Ecerton, M., EGcGeLInG, Orto, Enret, Louis J., Erxpuitz, Ropert JAMEs, Enmers, Cart, Exprmer, Frepericx L., Exprivce, Wititam T., Exxuis, Wit1t1am D., Extswortn, J. M., ExtswortuH, LiIncoxn, Exrmnc, Dr. Artruur W., EMANUEL, JR., J. H., Exevury, Mrs. James W., Emerson, Mrs. Wo., Emmet, Miss Lypia F., Emmet, Rosert TEMPLE, Enpicorr, Rosert, Eno, Miss Mary Princnor, Erssion, R., ErDMANN, Martin, ErpMANN, WILLIAM, ERxvancer, Mitton S., Espero, Henry, Esrasproox, Arruur F., Erritincer, Louts, Eustis, JoHN E., *Evans, RicHarp, Evans, S. M., Evarts, A. W., Evarts, Miss Mary, Evarts, SHERMAN, EveLann, Frank, Everett, A. L., Fappri, ALESSANDRO, Fassri, Ernesto G., Fassrr, Mrs. Ernesto G., Faper, EBERHARD, Fauwnestrock, Dr. Ernest, Fanwnestock, Mrs. Ernest, Faunesrock, WILLIAM, Farrpanks, Henry P., Fatrcui1Lp, BENJAMIN L., Farrcuitp, Mrs. C. S., Farts, Mrs. DeWirr CLINTON, *Farco, JAMES C., Farzey, Convin, FaRNHAM, PAULDING, Farranp, Mrs. Max, FARRELL, JAMES C., Farrett, E. J., Farretty, T. CHARLES Farrtncron, Harvey, Fay, Francis B., Frettows, Wm. Gorpon, Fercuson, Rev. Henry, Frercuson, WiiitaM C., Ferris, Hersert W., Fevuss, Capt. ANDREW W., FreustmMan, Leon P., Fietp, Mrs. Aveusrus B., Fietp, Mrs. Wiri1am H., Fretprnc, Georce T., Fincu, Epwarp B., Fixcxe, Mrs. REGINALD, Fiscuer, Winuram H., Fisuer, L. G., Fracrer, Harry Harkness, Frannery, Mrs. Joseru A., FLEIscHMANN. Uno M., FLeIrMaNN, Freperick T., Freminc, Henry S., Fuint, Jr., AUSTIN, Frower, Freperick S., Froyp-Jones, Enwanrp H., Four, FRANZ, Foor, James D., Foran, Gerorce J., Forp, Miss Lestva, Forpyce, JoHN A., Foster, Enpwarp W., *DECEASED. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT Foster, Giraup, Foster, Macoms G., Foster, Scort, Fowrier, Mrs. ANpDERSON, Fow er, Jr., CHARLES, Fowxer, Haro xp, *Fow.er, THomas Powe tt, Hox EluGr: E, FRANCKE, Luis J., Frank, Louts, Fraser, ALEx J., Fraser, ALEx V., Fraser, Mrs. Georce C., Fraser, Miss J. K., Fraser, Winiiam C., FREEMAN, Miss Gerrrupe A., Frees, JouHn F., Frencu, Dantetn C., Frencu, Mrs. Jown, Fries, Dr. Haroxp H., FrissELL, A. S., Frost, Aaron V., FroTHINnNGHAM, JoHN W., Fouup, FErx, Furrter, Cuarres D., Futter, Mrs. EvuceEene, Funke, Epmunp A., *Furniss, Miss CLEMENTINA, GatittarD, Mrs. Wm. O., GALLATIN, ALBERT, GaLLaTIN, Mrs. ALBERT, GaLLATIN, GOorLet, Gatiatin, Mrs. Goer ert, GaLLAway, Merritt W., GarpDINER, Cuartes B., GarreTrT, Miss Lavra B., GARRETT, JOHN W., Garrison, Mrs. J. H., Gass, Frank, Gaunt, JAMES, Gautier, Duprey G., Gay, Josepu E., Geppes. Donatp G., Geer, Mrs. Watter, GerpacH, Dr. R. WititaM, GerrisH, JoHN Brown, Gerry, Peter G., Gerry, Rosert L., GerstLE, Enwarp G., GIANINI, Cuartes A., GILBERT, CLINTON, Giitespiz, Roserr McM., Gintiirs, Epwin J., GitsEY, Henry, Grazer, Henry S., Guyn, W. E., Goapgy, W. H., Gopparp, Morrtrt, Goprrey, Mrs. E. D., GoLDMAN, ALBERT, GOLDMANN, JULIUS, GoLtpMANN, NarHan, GoopHveE, Cuartes E., GoopuveE, Mrs. S. C., Goopwin, Georce B., Goopwin, Mrs. J. J., GoTrTHELF, CHARLES, GoTrHELF, HERMAN, GorrHoLp, FREDERIC, GouLtp, Cuarties A.,, Govuxtp, Dr. Freperic S., GovuLp, CHarLes W., Goutp, Epwty, Grauam, Mrs. Roserr D., Grauam, Mrs. Georce S., GraFr, WILLIAM, Graves, Jr., Henry, Graves, GrorcEe Cor, GRAVES Onn Gray, Henry G., GreerF, Ernest F., GREENE, JR., G. S., GREENOUGH, JOHN, GREENOUGH, Mrs. Joun, GREENWOOD, JosePH R., GREER, CHARLES Greer, Mrs. Louis Morris, GrirFIN, Mrs. Wiri1am P., GrirFitH, Miss MarGarette GrirritH, Miss Susan D., GRINNELL, E. Morean, Griscom, JR., CLEMENT A., GrRIsWwoLD, GEORGE, Gross, Frank, Grunvbner, M., GUGGENHEIM, SIMON, GUGGENHEIMER, Miss Exvira Guinzpure, A. M., Gutteras, Dr. Ramon, GuLLIvER, Mrs. W. C., GURNEE, WALTER S., Hacxert, James K., HaFrren, JoHn M., Hacer, JouHn D., Haicut, CHartes S., Hates, Cuarres D., Haines, Henry F., ISU, Jats (Ox Harz, Artuur H., Hatt, Franx L., Hate, Jacauss S., Hattock, Cuartes P., Hatts, Jr., WILLIAM, Hatrsey, Hersert Drake, Hamann, Wm. A., Hamerstey, Lours Gornvon, *DECEASED. 99 raTD 24 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Hamizton, Miss ADELAIDE, Hamitron, Miss ExizaBetH STEWART, Hamitton, Mrs. Wixii1Am Pierson, Hammonp, Mrs. Joun HENry, HammMonp, Ocpen, H., Hammonp, Witi1aM F., Hance, JoHN A., HansMann, Cart A., Harp, Anson W., Harmon, Mrs. Ciirrorp, Harrer, Harry, Harper, Larurop C., Harriman, Mrs. Herserr M., Harrman, Mrs. J. Borden, Harrison, ARCHIBALD, HarrsHorne, J. M,, Harvey, Ext, HassLACHER, JACOB, Hastincs, Mrs. Tuomas, Havemeyer, Jr., H. O., HaveMEYER, J. C., Haven, Grorce G., Haven, J. Woopwarp, Havens, ALBERT G., Hawe, MatrHew, Hawx, Mrs. Wit1t1am SaMveL, Haynes, Wittram DeForest, Hecxer, Dr. AnTON J., Hecxscuer, Mrs. Avcust, Hences, Jos E., Herve, Jr., Henry, Herman, E., Hern1z, JoHN C., HencKEN, HanckgE, Henperson, Joun B., Henperson, NorMANn, HENNING, Emit F., Heppurn, A. Barton, Hersurn, Mrs. A. Barren, HerMANN, Bernarp F., Hermann, Mrs. FEerpINanp, Herrick, Haroxp, Herver, Mrs. ALBert, Herter, Mrs. Curistian A., Hess, SrLMar, Hewirr, Hersert H., Hexamer, A. P., Hicxs, Joun M. W., Hicxs, E. Prerront, Inhitiv, Iie 1B)5 Hint, Frank B., Hirz, Roserr C., Hits, Dr. Arrrep K., HixcumMan, WaAtter, Hincxiey, Mrs. Samuext Netison, Hirscu, Cuartes S., Hirscuitann, Franz H., Hocuscnitp, BERTHOLD, Hopces, Harrison B., Hor, Mrs. Rosgert, Horreman, CHARLES FREDERICK, Horrman, Miss M. U. Horrman, Mrs. Witiiam M. V., Hoee, James A., Hoxrsroox, Mrs. Epwarp, Hoxsroox, Mrs. F. S., Hour, Henry, Hourer, Mrs. E. O., HorzMatstER, Louis V., Hooxer, Dr. Ransom S., Hootey, Epwin S., Homes, Henry F., Horxins, Russe, Horrrn, Miss FrANCEs, Horrin, Hamitton L., Hoprrin, Jr., Wirt1am W.., Hornapay, Mrs. J. C., Horr, L. Wo., Hosxter, H. C., Horcuxin, W. B., Housman, CLARENCE J., Howe, Wrrt, Howe tt, T. A., How.xanpb, Mrs. Henry E., Hoyt, Conese, Hoyt, Mrs. Henry R., Hoyt, Mrs. JEsseE, Hoyt, Joun S., Hoyt, Miss Viretnrta Scort, Hoyt, Water S., Hvussarp, Water C., Horr, E. S., Humprnreys, Mrs. Epwarp WatsuH, Hunn, Arruur B., Hunv, Mrs. Leicu, Huntineton, Mrs. Arcuer M., Hountrneton, Force, Huntincton, Mrs. Rosertr P., Hunrman, Rev. Gerarp H., Hourret, J. Curistian G., Hussry, Wi111am H., Hustep, Miss M. Karuarine, Hustep, Jr., Seymour L., Hvurcutins, Aucustus SCHELL, Hurcutinson, Cary T., Hovyuer, C. D., Huyter, F. D., Hype, Aveustus L., Hype, B. T. Bassirt, Hyor, Dr. Frevertcx E., Hype, Mrs. Wiriiam H., Hyper, W. Trustow, llpeck, die bes Incues, Grorce B., Trons, Henry C., Irvin, Mrs. Ricwarp, *DECEASED. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT Iseuin, C. O’DonNEILL1, IseLin, C. OLIVER, Isexin, Miss GrorGine, IsELIN, JoHN H., Isex1In, Miss Louise M., IsExIn, WiLttiamM E., Isexin, Mrs. Wituiam E.., IsexIn, Wittiam O’DoNnNNELL, IsuHam, Cuartes B., *IsHAM, SAMUEL, IsHam, WitiiaMm B., Jackson, Dr. Georce 'T110M«s, Jackson, R. Hatsey, JacoB, LAWRENCE, JAcoBI, Dr. A., Jacoss, SAMUEL K., JACOBUS, JOHN S., JACQUELIN, Hersertr T. B., James, JR., HENRY, James, Dr. Rosert C., James, Mrs. Water B., JaRMULOWSKY, Dr. Harry, JENKINS, A. W., Jenkins, Mrs. HEten H., JENKINS, Marruew C., *JENKINS, MIcHAEL, JENKINS, Witi1aMm B., JENNINGS, FrepDERiIcK B., JENNINGS, PHILANDER R., JENNINGS, SIDNEY J.,, JENNINGS, WALTER, Jesup, Ricuarp M., Jounes, Witiiam Fovurke, Jounson, F. Corr, JoHNSON, Guy B., JoHNSTON, J. HERBERT, JoHNsTON, WILLIAM J., Jones, Mrs. A. Mason, Jonrs, Mrs. Capwanaber, Jones, Cuartes H., Jones, H. Bouton, *Jonres, Dwient A., Jones, Dr. IsraEx C., Jones, Lewis Q., JonEs, TOWNSEND, Jupson, H. I., Kaun, Fenrrx E., Kaun, Louvuts, Kann, Dr. Roser J., Kane, Mrs. DeLancry, Kane, Miss Loutsa Lanapon, Kast, Dr. Lupwie, Kaurrt, WILHELM, Kaurz-EvuLenserc, Miss P. R., Kran, Hamitton Fisu, Kran, Mrs. Hamittron [F1su, Kerecu, Franx B., Krewer, Mrs. C. B., Kerri, Francis, Kem, Henry F., Kextioce, Mrs. CHar.es, Ketiy, Horace R., KENNEDY, Enwarp G., Krnnepy, Mrs. JoHN Stewart, Kent, Epwin C., Keruart, Rev. Witiiam H., Kerpret, Davin, Kernan, Mrs. Watrer N., KeuFrFreL, W. G., Keyes, Mrs. Cuartes W., Kryser, Mrs. Samutct, Kipper, JAMEes Haruaway, KimBatt, ALFrep R., Kine, Aucustus F., Kine, Miss Ernen, KNING, JAMES GORE, Krne, Mrs. J. Howarp, Kine, Mrs. Leroy, Kinestanp, Mrs. Wiii1am M., KINNEY, WaRREN, Kinney, Mrs. Warren, Kip, W. Routorr, KisseLt, Mrs. W. Tuorn, KitcHInGc, Frank W., KirrrepGe, Samuet Dana, Kirz, Josern, Kiaw, Marc, Knapp, ARNOLD, Kwapp, Jr., Mrs. Harry K., Knapp, Mrs. JosepH Parmer, Knicut, Cuartes R., KwNorpier, Ronanp F., Korner. H. C., KoHLMAN, CHARLES, Konusaat, Miss Enirn M., Korg, Gusrave F.,, Koxs, Jr., Greorcre C., Kors, Frepericr, Korres, Dr. Henry M., Konvra, ALEXANDER. Konic, Grorce T. H., Kraus, Sam, Kremer, Wiiiiam N., Kremer, Mrs. Wm. N., Krecu, Mrs. Atvin W., KrunscuHerp, C. D., KurmMpPeEL, Max, Kuunn, Avcust, KvuHn, Juttius, Kunuarpt, Henry R.. Kurzman, Cuartes C., Kuser, Joun Dryvden. Kuser, JouHN L., Kurrrorr, Anorr, Kurrrorr, FrepericK, Lacomsr, Hon. E. Henry, * DECEASED. 25 26 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Lacat, Dr. GEORGE, LaImMBeeER, JkR., JOHN, Lainc, Enear H., Lampert, Dr. ALEXANDER, LamBertT, Dr. A. V. S., LamBert, Dr. SamuEL W., Lamporn, A. H., Lamont, Mrs. THomas WM., Lanpaver, I. N., Lanpon, Mrs. E. H., Lanpon, Francis G., Lane, Epwarp V. Z., Lane, JAMES WARREN, Lane, Wo.cott G., LANGMANN, Dr. Gustav, Lance, Miss Carmen, Lanier, Mrs. James F. D., LarpHamM, Mrs. JouHn J., Lattinc, CHartes P., LAuDER, JR., GEORGE, LAUTERBACH, Mrs. LAWRENCE, JOHN BURLING, LAWRENCE, JoHN L., LAWRENCE, NEwsoLp T., LAWRENCE, R. WARREN, LawreNcr, TOWNSEND, LAWRENCE, W. V., Lea, Cuartes M., LEARNED, WALTER, Lepuiz, GEORGE, Lrpovux, Dr. Apert R., Lepyarp, Enear M., Lepyarp, Mrs. Lewis C., Lee, Mrs. Freperic S., Ler, Georce C., Lee, Witt1am H. L., Lerrerts, MarsHatrt C., Leccetr, WarrEN F., LeuMaIER, JAMEs M., Leuman, Meyer H., LELAND, Wi rrep C., Lz Roy, Epwarp A., Lestrr, Grorce Bacon, LETKEMANN, H. V., EVER, S. Ee; Levy, EMANUEL, Lewis, Mrs, Avcust, Lewis, Frepertc EL.iortt, *Lewis, Percy Pyne, Lewis, Dr. Wit1taM J., Lewitsoun, Anborr, JUiaory, ites dis Ale Lienwart, R. H., Lincotn, Lowe tt, Lircuriretp, E. Huvusert, LircurreLtp, Epwarp H., LircHTENSTEIN, PAvt, Livincston, Wituiam S., LoBENSTINE, Winii1Am C., Lorw1, Hueco V., Locan, FRANK J., Loomis, Guy, *IGo0Ps Cass es Lorp, Mrs. Georce DeForest, LounssBery, Mrs. Ricuarp P., Low, EruHesert Ipe, Lowe, WILLIAM, Lowe, Miss Cartorra Russe, LoweEt1, James B., Lownoes, D.D., THe Rev. Artrrur, Luce, Mrs. Harry J., Lupineton, C. H., Lupium, C. A.., Luptow, Rear-ApmiraL Nicoxt, LvueEpeErR, A., Luxe, Davin L., Lumous, Miss Exiza O’B., Lusk, Pror. GraHam, LutrceEN, WALTHER, Lyman, FRANK, Lyon, Emory S., McAuprn, Mrs. Cuarrtes W., McAtprn, Jr., Mrs. D. Hunter, McAtprin, Georce L., McBrine, Mrs. Hersert, McBurney, Cuartes I., McBurney, Henry, McCace, Louis B., McCatz, Ricuarp, McCuintock, Girpert S., McCoy, Dr. Jonn, McCrea, W. S., McCreery, Roserr S., McCunton, J. S.; *McCutcHEon, JAMES, McGuire, JosepH H., McKeever, J. LAWRENCE, McKim, Jonun A., MckKia, Leroy, McLane, Tuomas S., McLEan, JAMES, McLean, MarsHatt, McMurtry, G., MacrarLtaNne, WALLACE, Macx, ArtTHurR C., Macy, Georce H., MAGEE, JOHN, Macer, F. Rorert, Main, Franx H., Mate, Francis S., Matt, Prerre, Matt, Mrs. Pierre, Manecke, Dr. Pup, Manice, Mrs. WIL1Liam, Mann, Wix11amM D’ALTON, Mapes, Jr., DANIEL, *DECEASED. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT Mapes, Ernest S., Marspury, Miss Evizasperu, Marcus, Georce E., Marxuam, Rosertr D., Marxoe, Harry, MarKor, Dr. J. W., Marsu, C. P., MarsHatt, A. W. W., Marston, Epwin S., Martin, Jr., Bravery, *Martin, Howarp T., *MarTINEZ, MIcueE. R., Maryse, R. V., Mason, Cuartes N., Masten, Artuur H., Masters, Miss, Marner, SAMUEL, MayYER, JESSE, Mayer, Mrs. Josernu B., Mayer, Marcwus, Maynarp, Durr G., Maywnarp, Mrs. Water E., Meeker, Henry E., MeeEm, James C., Meutu, Henry, Mernuarp, Morton H., Menoy, Anprew D., Menn, Howarp, Merritt, Henry C., Meyer, Dr. Georce W., Meyer, Miss Hetotse, Meyrowirz, Emir B., Mizgurn, JouN G., Miixer, Mrs. Cuartes E., Mitter, Mrs. Cyrus C., Miiter, Mrs. Evisaspetu C. T., Minter, Mrs. F. D., Minis, Apranam G., Mirus, ANprEw, Mrits, Freperic C., Mirmine, C. E., Monvant, ALPHONSE, Montcomery, CarLeton, Moore, Casrmir veR., Moore, Jr., Cuartes ARTHUR, Moore, Miss K. T., Moore, Mrs. Russert WELLMAN, Moornean, Horace R., Morawetz, Vicror, Morean, Miss Anne T., Morean, Miss C. L., Morean, Mrs. Eniru P., Morean, Epwin D., Morean, Mrs. J. B., Morean, Mrs. J. Prierpont, Morean, Junius S., Morean, Mrs. Junius S., Morean, Wm. FELLOwEs, Morcan, Jr., Wititam Forses, Morris, Dave H., Morris, GOUVERNEUR, Morris, JoHN JaAcos, Morse, Mrs. Grorce H., Mortimer, RicHarp, Morton, A. L., Moste, A. Henry, Mortey, Jas. M., Mort, Henry C., Mowsray, H. Srppons, Mvetier, Cuartes F.,, MuuuireD, Frank J., Munroe, Henry W., Munsey, Franx A., Mureatroyb, JoHN, Myers, Wi11iAmM S., NarEcELI, RoBeERT, Nertson, Dr. Howarp S., NeEILsoN, WaLLaceE Pratt, NeEtson, JAMEs W., NeESMITH, JAMES, NeumorcEen, M. L., Neumorcen, Mrs. M. L.., Nevustapt, Mrs. S., Nicnots, Acosta, NicHots, JOHN W. T., Nickerson, HorrMan, Nixes, Miss Fiorina, Nites, Rogert L., Noxxer, Rosert E., Norrie, Miss Mary, Norman, Mrs. Braprorp, Norman, Miss MABEL, Norru, Greorce B., Norton, Cuarues D., Norton, G. FREDERICK, Norton, W. P., OBERMAYER, CHaRLEs J., Ocus, Apvotpu S., O’ConNELL, Dr. J. H., Orrrincer, Dr. P. J., OFFERMAN, JOHN, OcpEN, CHar_es W., Oumets, JOHN, Oxumets, P. M., Oxcorr, DupLey, Oucorr, 2np, Duprey, Orn, Mrs. SrerHen H., OtnEy, Exram Warp, OtyPHant, Roser, OLypHANT, Rozsert M., Onativia, Joun Victor, OprpenuyYM, GEORGE J., OpreNHEIMER, Dr. Henry S., Orpway, Samuvet H., Osporn, Mrs. Henry Farrriecp, Orrincer, Marx, *DECEASED. 28 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Ovrersripce, Mrs. Apnotpeu J., Ovurersripce, Dr. Patt, Packxarp, Mrs. E. Winstow, Pace, Witi1am H., Parnvrer, Dr. H. McM., Parmer, Dr. T. S., ParisH, WAINWRIGHT, Parxrr, A. W., Parker, Epwarp Lupiow, PARKER, JUNIUS, ParKER, WINTHROP, Parpart, WitiaM E., Parsons, Epwin, Parsons, Miss GERTRUDE, Parsons, H. DEB., *Parsons, JOHN E., Parsons, Miss Mary, Parsons, Witi1amM Barcray, Partrripce, Epwarp L., Paton, Davi, Parrerson, Henry Stuart, Parrerson, T. H. Hoee., Paut, JOHN J., Payne, Mrs. Henry W., PEeaBopy, STEPHEN, *Prarson, F. S., Pearson, Mrs. FREDERICK, Praster. Miss F. Ranpborrit, Pecx, Cuarues E., Pecx, Leicester O., Pecxuam, Miss Marre Lovutse, Precram, Epwarp S., PeNpitETON, Francis Key. PEeNFoLp, EnmMunNpD, Penrose, Dr. Cuarzes B., Percivan, L. A. D., Perkins, Mrs. Epwarp, Perxins, Georce E., Perkins, Rozert P., Perry, Jonn P. H., Perry, Wirriam A., Perer, Emit, Peters, Mrs. Cuarzes G., Perrers, SamMvuEt T., Perers, Winit1am RicHMoND, PYe1rFER, Curt G., PFEIFFER, GEORGE, Pueprs, Mrs. ANSEL, Puerres, Mrs. CHARLEs, Pueres, Dr. Governeur M., Puitirs, Witttam W., Piatti, Dr. Virer C., PickHARDT, CaRL, Pieri, GorTrRIrp, Pret, MICHAEL, Prerrerpont, Miss ANNA Jay, Prerrepont, R. STruyvEsANT, Pierson, Gen. J. Frep, Prac, Wis Pittorr, P. STuyVESANT, Pincuot, GIFForD, Pratt, Cuartes H., Prarr, Franx H., Pratr, Henry B., PLATIEN, J. W., *Priaut, ALBERT, PrymptTon, Giipert M., Potx, Dr. Wirtiiam M., PoxttocKx, Grorce E., Pomroy, Mrs. H. K., Poor, Henry V., Pore, FREDERICK W., Pore, Geb: Porter, ALEXANDER J., Porter, Horace, Porter, Louis, H., Porter, Wiii1aM L.., Post, Abram §S., Post, Mrs. Cuarztes ALFRED, *Post, Epwarp C., Post, Jr., Greorce B., Porter, Miss BLANCHE. Porter, Epwarp CLARKSON, Porter, FREDERICK, Porter, Ortanpno B., Porter, R. Burnsive, Porter, Mrs. R. Burnside, Ports, JEssE W., Ports, Wi1i~1AmM Brevoort, Pratt, Arpert H., Pratt, Greorce D., Prarr, Hi. L., Pratt, JoHN T., Pratt, Mrs. Joun T., PRENTICE, JOHN HuItt1, Prentiss, Georce H., Prentiss, Miss HENRIETTA, Press, T. CHANNON, PrEesTON, VERYL, Prippy, LAWRENCE, Prime, Miss CorneE xt, Prince, Epwarp S., Prince, Pror. J. DyYNELEY, Procrer, WILLIAM, Proctor, THomas R., Procror, Wm. Ross, Pryer, CHARLES, Puuirzer, Mrs. JosEPH, Puusirer, Mrs. N. T., Pournam, H. Sr. Crair, *Purnam, J. BisHoP, Putnam, Wi1114M A., Prize, D. H. McAtrrin, Pyne, Mrs. M. Taytor, Pyne, 2np, Percy R., Quincy, CuHartes F., *TDECEASED. lO TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 29 QutyTarD, Dr. Epwarp, Ranpat1, Frank E., Ranpotpu, Epmunp D., RanvoteH, Witi1amM W., Ranet, RicHarp, RANGER, STANLEY, Rascovar, JAMES, Rasmus, W., Rasmus, W. T., RatTuBporNe Ricwarp C., Ravucu, WILLIAM, Raymonp, H. E., Reap, Wim A., RepmMonp, Miss E., Repmonp, Mrs. Henry S., Rem, Joun, Reip, Ocpen Mitts, Rem, Mrs. Ocpen Mitts, Retmer, Orro EvuGene, *REINCKE, EK. A., REINHARDT, GEORGE N., REMSEN, CHARLES, Rensuaw, Howarp Price, Reynoups, E. B., Ruertr, Miss FLorence, *RHINELANDER, Cuartes E., RHINELANDER, PuILiP, Ruoapes, Mrs. J. Harsen, Rice, Miss Mixiprep G., Rice, Mrs. Wiiu1am B., RicHarp, Epwin A., Ricwuarp, Miss Exvine, Ricuarps, EBEN, Ricwarps, E. O., Ricuarpson, Mrs. C. Tirrany, *Ripper, Herman, Riees, Geo. C., RreLey, JULIEN A., Ripre, Mrs. E. J., Rives, Georce L., Rogssrns, CHANDLER, Rogsrns, Mrs. Heten, C., Roserts, G. THropore, Roserts, Miss M. M., Rosertson, ALBERT, *ROBERTSON, JULIUS, Rosertson, R. H., Rosinson, Mrs. Dovetas, Rogsinson, Epwarp, Rozinson, Ext K., Rosgrnson, G. H., Rosinson, Miss Paving, Rosison, WILLIAM, Rocue, Mrs. Burxe, Rockwoop, Wiiu1am H., Ror, Frank, O., Rog, Irvine L., *RoELKER, ALFRED, Rocers, E. L., Rocers, Mrs. Francis, Rocers, Husert E., Rocers, James H., Rocers, Mrs. Witittam Bevertey, RoxenBauGH, Henry S., Route, Avucustus J., RomsBouGcuH, JOHN B,, Rownauxps, Mrs. Georce L., Roosevett, Mrs. Hirporne L., RoosEvett, Mrs. JAMEs, RoosEvEttT, Mrs. J. W., RoosEvEtt, W. EMLEN, Root, Exrnu, Rose, Mrs. A. SuMNER, Rornu, Frepericx G. R., Roru, J. E., Roruuaur, Rev. ANTHONY J., RorHwWELL, JAMEs E., Row.tanp, THomas, Rune, Lovts, Ruut, Louis, Runyon, Carman R., Runyon, E. W., RUPERTI, J USTUS, RuPpPERT, JACOB, Ruppert, Mrs. Jacos, RussELL, ARCHIBALD D., RussEtt, Dr. Joun F., RusseLt, Mrs. Wit~tiam Hamitton, Ryan, JoHn Barry, Ryan, J. DS Rye, ARTHUR, Rye, GRAHAM, Sacus, ARTHUR, Sackett, Miss Gerrrupve T., Sace, JoHn H., Saxs, IsaporeE, Sampson, ALDEN, Sampson, Cuarues E., Sanps, Miss ANNE A., Sanps, BENsAMIN AYMAR, Sanps, Mrs. Bensamin Aymar, SaTTERLEE, Mrs. H. L., SATTERWHITE, Preston P., Sancer, Mrs. Rarpn, SarGENT, Grorce Luoyp, Sauter, FREDERICK, SauTER, JR., FRED, ScHaar, Hermann, ScHakEFer, ANDREAS F., ScuHakEFerR, Epwarp C., Scuarrer, Henry, Scuancx, Georce FE., ScuaugE, C. F., ScHAUFFLER, Dr. A. F., ScHAuFFLER, Mrs. A. F., ScHEFER, CARL, * DECEASED. 30 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Scuenck, Henry DEB., Simpson, J. F., ScuieFFELIN, Mrs. H. M., Simpson, JOHN W., ScHIEFFELIN, WILLIAM Jay, Sryciarr, Mrs. Joun, ScuirMeER, Rupoutrey E., Sincer, ArTHUR J., ScuHMELZEL, JAMES H., SKEEL, Dr. Frank D., ScumerizeL, Miss Jane E., SxipmoreE, WiILuiAM L.., Scumipt, ApotpH, T., SKINNER, M. P., Scumipt, Wittiam H., SiavE, Francis Lovuts, ScHNABEL, R. A., SLaucHTeER, R. B., Scuorie, A. H., STOCUM. HORe aeons Scurac, Cuaries A., Stocum, Ji. Ji; Scureirer, Henry, Smipt, Mrs. G. L., ScHUMANN, JR., JOHN J., Smipt, THos., Scuuyter, Miss Louisa LEE, SmiLtey, Danret, *Scuwarcz, Max M., *SmituigE, Cuaries F., Scuwarz, Henry F., SMILLIE, James C., ScuarzrerR, ALBERT J., SmiLuiz, RapH, ScorreLp, Miss Marion, Smitu, Dr. A. ALEXANDER, Scorr, Donan, SmitH, AUGUSTINE J., Scorr, Hon. Francis M., SmitH, Mrs. Cuartss S., Scorr, THomas BLiyTHE, SmirH, Extas D., Scorr, WILLIAM, SmitH, Erskine M., Scovitte, Mrs. Jonn H., Smirn, Mrs. F. Hopxrnson, ScoviLLe, Rosert, SmituH, Pierre J., Scripner, ArtTuHourR, H., Smitu, Roserr K., ScriBNeR, Mrs. CHARLEs, SmirH, Dr. SaAMvEL, Scrymser, JAMEs A., SMITHERS, CHARLES, Seaman, Dr. Louis L., SmitHers, F. S., Sepewick, RosBert, Snow, E. G., Ser, A. B., SorcHan, Mrs. Victor, Se1igcMANn, GrEorcE W., SPALDING, KEITH, SELIGMAN, JEFFERSON, Sparrow, Mrs. Enwarp W., Senrr, Mrs. Cuartes H., SPEAR, JR., JAMES, Seton, ALFRED, SpEDDEN, FReEpERIC O., Sexton, Lawrence E., SPENCER, ALEXANDER H., SEYBEL, DaniEL E., . *SpENCER, EKpwarps, Suapriro, D., *SPENCER, LORILLARD, Sueets, Dr. E. A., Srerry, WiiitamM M., SHEFFIELD, James R., Speyer, Mrs. James, SHEFFIELD, Mrs. James R., SpitzNer, GeorcGe W., SHELDON, Mrs. CHar es, Srorrorp, Mrs. J. L., SueLtpon, Epwarp W., Spracur, Mrs. Frank J., SHELDON, Georce R., Spricc, JupGE CARROLL, SHELDON, WiLuiAM C., Sprinc, Miss ANNA RIKER, Sneparp, Mrs. Kxuiorr F., Spurr, EK. W., SHEPARD, FINLEY J., Sauipe, Dr. Enwarp H., SHILLABER, Wo., SaurrE, Espen H. P., SuipmMan, Ricwuarp D., Srarrorp, Witit1AM FREDERICK, SHOEMAKER, Henry W., Srarrorp, Mrs. Wiir1amM FReperick SronnarpD, Horatio S., *SranpisH, Mytes, SHonts, T. P., Stanton, JoHN R., *Snurtrierr, Rosweit Morse, Srapres, Mrs. JoHN J., Siptey, Mrs. H. W., Starr, Loutrs Morris, Sirpenbure, Jr., Rernuarp, STEARNS, Louts, SIEGEL, JACOB, STEeBBINs, JAMEs H., Sitteck, Jr., Henry G., STEELE, Mrs. CHARLES, Sinteck, Jr., Mrs. Henry G., Stern, Mrs. Arexis W., Sirtiman, Harrer, SreinBeck, Epwarp, * DECEASED. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT ) STEINMETz, JOHN A., STEPHENS, OLIN J., STEPHENS, Ropericx, STEVENS, ALEXANDER H., STEVENS, FrepEeric W., Srevens, Ricuarp, Stevens. Mrs. RicuHarp, Stewart, Mrs. Percy Hamirron, Stewart, WiiiiaMm R., STILLMAN, CHAUNCEY, Srirman, Mrs: (C. C, STILLMAN, JAMES A., Stimson, Mrs. FrepEric, Stimson, Dr. Dantet M., SrocKMANN, Miss Marte F. C., STOECKEL, CarRL, Strokes, JAMEs, Stone, Miss ANNIE, Stone, Miss Eten J., Strout, Josern S., Stow, Grorce G., Srraicur, WILLARD, STRANGE, A. B., Straus, H. Grant, Straus, Percy S., Srrauss, CHARLEs, Strauss, FREDERICK, STREAT, JAMES, STREET, W. A., Strronc, Jr., BENJAMIN, Stronc, Ricwarp A., Srronc, THEron G., Srroock, JosEePH, Stroocx, Louis S., Stuart, Rosert, Srurces, Mrs. E. C., Sturces, Henry C., Sucxiry, Mr. R. B., SULLIVAN, Mrs. James, Sutro, Lionet, Suypam, Jr., Lampert, Swan, James A., Swanson, Dr. F. J., Swenson, S. A., Sworps, Witi1am Vooruis, Taser, Miss Mary, Tart, Henry W., Tart, Witt1am Howarp Tac, ALBERT, Tater, Epwarp N., TaLcorrT, JAMES, ATVEAGH Vins.) Hy) be ele. TANENBAUM, Moszs, TaTHAM, CHARLES, Taussic, Noaun W., Taytor, Mrs. Henry Ospzorn, Taytor, Henry R., Taytor, James B., Taytor, Luoyn, Taytor, Moses, Taytor, Roserr C., Taytor, Wiii1am A., Tenney, C. H., Terry, Mrs. Joun T., Terry, Jr., Rovericx, Terry, Wy Ltys, TuHacuer, ArcHIBALp G., Tuacuer, Mrs. Grorce W.., Tuacuer, THomas, AREU MG, Als (Gx Tuayer, Harry Bares, Tuomas, Dr. ALLEN M., Tuomas, Mrs. Howarp L., Tuomas, Jr., Setu E., Tompson, Frarrincron M., Tuompson, Giraup F.,, Tuomrson, Mrs. J. TopHunver, THompson, Writtam Boyce, Tuortey, Crartes, Tuorne, Cuas. Stockton, TuHorNeE, Mrs. Enwin, THORNE, JONATHAN, Tuorne, Mrs. JONATHAN, Tuorne, Mrs. Samvet, THorNE, Mrs. W. V. S., TuHorne, W. V. S., Tuurser, H. F., Trerney, Mytes J., Tirrany, Louis C., Tirtey, Grorcr D., Tritt, ALBERT, Titton, Joserpn W., Timken, J. Henry, TIMMERMANN, Henry G., Timpson, JAMES, Top, J. Kennepy, ARG), JBI, lel Topp, Water B., Torter, Mrs. Vircinia W., Tomsy, Borereprt, Tonnewt, Mrs. Jonn N., TownseEND, Miss Amy C., TowNsEND, Mrs. E. M., TownsEND, Epwin S., TownsEND, How arp, ‘LOWNSEND, Isaac, Trimpre, Mrs. Ricrarp. TroescHer, A. F., Trowsrincr, FrepertcK K., Tucker, Mrs. Acnrs J., Tucker, Cart, TuckERMAN, ALFRED, TucKERMAN, Patt, TuRNBULL, ArTHOUR, Turneutt, Mrs. Ramsay, Turnoure, Grorce FE., 3% NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Tuska, BENJAMIN, *Tuzo, Henry FRANCIS, *T'WEDDELL, WitiiAmM H., ‘weep, Mrs. Cuarzes H., Twinine, E. S., Unt, Oswaxtp W., Unpberwoop, Witit1AmM Lyman, Upmann, Cart, VALENTINE, Mrs. Parricx A.., VALENTINE, Dr. Witi1am A., Van Bevuren, Jr., Freperick T., VANDERGRIFT, S. H., Van DER Hooect, Mrs. C. W., VANDERLIP, FRANK A., VANDERPOEL, AMBROSE E., VANDERPOEL, Mrs. JouHN A.., VAN DER SMISSEN, Dr. G. J., Van Dyke, R. B., Van Emsbourcu, D. B., Van Gersic, Barenn, Van Incen, Mrs. Epwarp, Van INGEN, Mrs. E. H., Van Norden, Ortromar H., Van Nostranp, B. T., Van SINDEREN, Howarp, Van WINKLE, Encar B., Varcor, Haroxp, Varian, WIxLBurR L., Vartan, Mrs. Witzur Linwoonp, VERNAY, ARTHUR S., VeEsPER, Kart H., Vietor, THomas F., VINCENT, FRANK, VoceLt, Herman, von BrernutuH, Jr., Fri, von DreeLe, Wm. H., von Gontarp, Mrs. ALEXANDER, voN LENGERKE, J USTUS, von Zepuitz, Mrs. ANNA M., VouiILtEumier, Dr. Juss A., Wacestarr, Mrs. ALFRED, Waestarr, C. DuBors, Warnwricut, Mrs. J. Howanp, WALBURN, JOSEPH, Watcorr, Freperic C., Waxpo, R., Waters, Epwarp H., Waker, Bryant, Waker, E. B., Waker, Gustavus A., Waker, Dr. Joun B., *Watter, Jr., Roper, Water, STEWART, Watsn, SaMuet A., Watrterr, Encar, Water, Martin, Watry, A. R., WANNINGER, CHARLES, WarsBure, Paur M., Warp, ARTEMAS, Warp, Mrs. Grorct Cazort, WarRDNER, Henry STEELE, WaRDWELL, ALLEN, WarreEN, Mrs. J. Hosart, W aRREN, Luoyp, WasHBurn, THomas G., WasHBuURN, Wm. Ives, WaTERBURY, JOHN I., W aTrerBurRY, Miss, Watson, Cuaries F., Watson, T’Homas J., Watt, Tuomas L., WEATHERBEE, Mrs. Epwin H., Wess, F’. Ecrertron, Wess, J. GrIswo1p, Wess, Mrs. WILLIAM SEWARD, WEEKs, JAMES, Weic ie, Cuartes H., Wein, RicHarD, WEINIG, BERNARD, Weir, Mrs. C. Gouverneur, WEITLING, WILLIAM W., WELLS, OLIVER J., WERNER, C. H., WEssEL, J. HENry, WesseLt, Artuur L., West, Dr. WM., Westover, M. F., Wetmore, KEnMuND, WHEELER, WALTER S., Wueetock, Mrs. G. G., Wuitr, A. M., Wuitr, Haroxp T., Wuire, Horace, Wuite, Leonarp D., Wuitenouss, J. Henry, W uitEHOUsE, NorMaANn, Wuitrenouse, WittiAmM F., Wuitinc, Dr. Cuartes A., Wuitinc, Miss Gertrube, WHITMAN, CLARENCE, WHITMAN, JR., WILLIAM, Wuitrince, F. W., WicKERSHAM, GrorGE W., WiccLteswortH, Henry, Wirxins, F. H., Wixricox, Wo. G., Wiii1amMs, ALEx. S., Wiii1ams, ArTHUR, Wiiitams, Davin, Winitams, Grorce L., Wiirams, Mrs. Percy H., WitiiamMs, Jr., Ricwarp H., Wiiiams, WALDRON, WitiiamMs, WILLIAM, Wiritams, Witt1am H., *DECEASED. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 30 Wiiuramson, Mrs. Burier, Wiis, W. P., *Wituis, Cuartes. T., Wineate, Gro. W., WINTER, JULIUS, WIntTeErRROTH, Mas. E. J., WINTHROP, JR., Ecerton I.., WisNER, CHARLES, WitrHerser, Frank S., Wrrrnaus, Dr. Ruporen A., WittTMANN, JOSEPH, Worr, Artruur D., Woturr, Emit, Woop, Arnon, Woop, Grrpert Concpon, Woop, J. WALTER, Woop, Witt1am Conepon, Woopnousre Company, J. S., Wooprurr, Apert C., Woopwarp, KENNETH N., *“Woopwarp, Roser B., Woorwarp, Mrs. Wo., Woottey, C. M., Worcester, Witrrep J., Work, Bertram G., Worratt, P. B., Wricut, Hat, Wricut, J. DuNBAR, *“Wricut, Joun Howarp, Wycxorr, Dr. Perer Brown, Wycxkorr, Mrs. Perer B., Younc, A. Murray, ZABRISKIE, ANDREW C., ZapriskieE, Miss Eruen, ZENTGRAF, Rev. Georce J., ZINSSER, AUGUST, Zinsser, Mrs. Avcust, ZINSSER, JR., AUGUST, ZINN, GEORGE, ZOLLER, CHARLES, Corresponding Members LreSover, W. H. Duptey, Miritwarp, Russert Hasrines, StuRTEVANT, Lieut. C. G., Tyrwuirt, Draxe G., Gitrepper, T. P., GittespPrie, T. H., Jomnsron, Sir Harry H., Bene aCUOIS meee ee WounGlersmmen I ery e Cut yig ee IPOQWINOIETS oe ee : Associate Founders JPG WTTROUMG)~ ng eae eal etd Mein el as eee a Life Members Fellows _...... mis Metts Oualifications for Regular Membership Amalie Wiemibers) aos $ Life Members Pen O TG ere eee ee ete EL ee EMEA Chole eee Associate Founders. ecco SOD) Founders. ...... oa 5,000 Founders in Perpetuity.......... 10,000 825,000 Form of Meyuerst I do hereby give and bequeath to the ‘‘NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCInnY-.07.Lve City sof New Y ork, 2... eae ae eee *DEcrASED. “mous Jo [[BF AABaY B JopuN patayzous Afozo[duioo yaV_ [Bo1SoO[0oZ ayy UI JSat0F YUsoeEpe pue puog aeAveg eu, ees He ween ke imme) NY j re Ned x B75'h BX Sd i $a i fas Lé Eat he 4 Za wip ar oo ie. 5 aes i REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS. The Executive Committee respectfully submit the following report to the Board of Managers for the year 1915: It is the sad duty of your committee to report the death on Sunday, July 4, 1915, of Mr. Samuel Thorne, Vice-President of the Society. Mr. Thorne was one of the early members of the Board of Managers and has served on the Executive Committee since 1902, and as Vice-President of the Society since 1909. He was devoted to the interests of the Society, and contributed most generously to its general work and to the development of the Zoological Park. The resolutions passed by your committee will appear at the end of this report. MEMBERS. Notwithstanding the unsettled conditions during the past year, 141 new members have been secured; 128 Annual Members and 13 Life Members. Resignations and deaths, however, offset this gain, so that the total membership remains practically un- changed. The membership as of January 1, 1916, is as follows: Benetactors == se eo ee at Ae 6 Founders in Perpetuity Bes Rant 14 Founders ........ Paha ds ete Es ON Bee RA bo tee 20 Associate Founders ................. Reo ae ARIAS dea 5 PRONG, have ae er ay ke eee A ee 4 Lio eeu NY Key eal fey af Wek 22 ne My gee LE am A ee 282 elo yign ess feces ae SB Tae ee ree eed F 34 ATnuals Membencsy 4 5th ee eee es: liso Honorary and Corresponding Members 15 ‘Lotaltee =: iG ree ee PO ACE Ret Ae aa AN 23) 36 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY ATTENDANCE. The attendance at the Park and the Aquarium for 1915, as compared with 1914, has been as follows: Park Aquarium 194 eee she anes e 2,020,433 2,029,707 Oye Geese ees Pees Bee 1,780,077 1,538,831 There appears to be no specific reason for the decrease in the attendance at both institutions as noted above, other than the war in Europe. The total annual cost to the City for the maintenance of these two institutions for the year 1915 is .074 cents per visitor. COLLECTIONS AT THE PARK. A census of the animals in the Zoological Park, taken Janu- ary 1, 1916, is as follows: January 1, 1915 January 1, 1916 Species Specimens Species Specimens Mammals) =. = 5204 586 pAaL 636 Birdg- =. eo rl Zoe 813 2s Reptiles SM Gd 1,014 157 (94 fetT9 4,353 {18a 4,200 Gunda.—tIn June, upon the recommendation of Dr. Horna- day, and after full consideration by your committee, the death of the large male Indian elephant Gunda was authorized. In- stead of improving, as was hoped, the elephant’s state of erotic frenzy had become worse. For the first time in his life, Gunda re- fused to take food, and his desire to kill a keeper became a mania. On Tuesday morning, June 22, 1915, Mr. Carl E. Akeley of the American Museum of Natural History shot Gunda through the head, producing instantaneous paralysis of the brain. The skeleton and the skin have been presented to the Museum, and the soft anatomy to the College of Physicians and Surgeons for use in research work. Certain available portions of the carcass were used as food for the animals. Gunda arrived at the Zoological Park in May, 1904, as the gift of Col. Oliver H. Payne. For a short time he was used as a riding animal, under careful supervision, but his temper in- TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 37 creased with age, and he was finally confined to his cage and yard. The execution of Gunda was ordered by your committee with reluctance, but inasmuch as the animal was not enjoying life, and did not seem likely to do so more than half of each year, it was not kindness to prolong his existence, entirely aside from the question of danger to his attendants. African Elephant Congo.—During October the African ele- phant Congo at the Park, became disabled with neuritis in his fore legs and suffered severely. On November 3, 1915, therefore, upon the recommendation of Dr. Hornaday, the death of this animal was authorized. He was shot by Mr. Akeley, and his remains have been sent to the American Museum and to the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Alaskan Bear.—On October 23, 1915, Dr. Hornaday reported that the hip of one of the Alaskan bears, sixteen years old, had been shattered by an accidental fall during the summer, and was incurable. This animal was thereupon shot. Barbary Lion Sultan.—After having lived thirteen years in the Zoological Park, and attained an age of nearly eighteen years (four years more than the ordinary duration of life of a lion in captivity), our Barbary lion Sultan, was chloroformed on June 8, 1915, on account of old age and general disability. Unfortunately, his skin was in such poor condition that it was not fit to mount. The head, however, will be mounted, and placed in the Administration Building. Gorilla.—Dinah, the female gorilla, after being in the pos- session of the Society for two years, died on August 3, 1915. The cause of her death was exhaustion from starvation, mal- nutrition and rickets. During the last two weeks of her life she was offered at least twenty different kinds of food, but ate prac- tically nothing save oranges and a little oatmeal. General.—The health of the animals continues good and there have been no losses of moment other than those reported above. Owing to the European war and to the small balance avail- able for the purchase of animals, few acquisitions of great im- portance have been received during the year. A special subscription of $500 has been received from the Junior Auxiliary, through Mrs. Richard Trimble, with which a lioness named Judy was purchased. The animal is an excellent specimen and is now on exhibition at the Park. 38 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Early in the spring a large consignment of South American birds and mammals was offered to the Society by the Zoological Garden of Para, Brazil. Many of the species offered were rare and highly desirable. The opportunity to secure valuable speci- mens and also to establish a permanent source of supply, was availed of by sending Curator Beebe to Para. The total expen- diture was $2,342.30, which was borne by the Animal Fund. Mr. Beebe returned to New York on May 29, 1915, bringing 44 mammals, 63 birds, 17 reptiles, and a few rare and curious fishes, all in excellent condition. These groups are exhibited as a special South American feature in the Primate and Small- Mammal Houses, the Aquatic-Bird House and the Reptile House. A New Exhibit.—Assistant Curator Crandall has brought together and installed at the eastern side of Baird Court, a large collection of appliances designed to encourage the return of our native birds. It consists of nest boxes of many kinds, food-tables and bird houses. Each specimen is fully labelled with its trade name, name and address of the maker and the price. COLLECTIONS. A census of the exhibits at the Aquarium, taken January 1, 1916, shows the following results: January 1, 1915 January 1, 1956 Species Specimens Species Specimens Bishes(...2 3 er 146 2,876 140 3,186 Reptilesy! 3. 24 130 23 95 Amphibia. 22 =. @ 2 9 109 14 166 Invertebrates ....... 18 2,051 Pali 2,238 Mammals: 2, 3 2 3 199 5,169 200 5,688 The collections at the Aquarium are in good condition. Numerous fresh-water fishes have been secured by exchange with the Philadelphia Aquarium, and by collecting in local waters. Arrangements have also been made with the Booth Steamship Line for a collection of large turtles from the upper Amazon, to be delivered in January, 1916. By special arrangement with the aquariums in Boston and Philadelphia, a shipment of 600 tropical fishes was brought from Key West, Florida, the New York Aquarium undertaking the TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 39 collecting and shipment of the fishes, while the other two in- stitutions paid the expenses. This has given the Aquarium 200 tropical fishes without any cost except the labor of the foreman who made the trip, and cartage in New York. A penguin from southern Chili, presented to the Society, has been a very attractive exhibit and seems to be thriving. It has the freedom of the sturgeon pool in the daytime, and at night is kept in an open pen on the gravel roof. Mr. J. K. Nye presented four new porpoises to the Society, two of which were young and soon died. The other two are doing well. The dead porpoises were sent by special request to the biological department of Princeton University as the gift of the Society. The last of the porpoises which had been on exhibition at the Aquarium for twenty-one months, died during the month of August, owing to the unusually bad conditions of the harbor water. John J. DeNyse—Mr. John J. DeNyse, Collector at the Aquarium and one of the oldest employees, became incapacitated during the year as the result of a stroke of paralysis, was retired under the Pension Plan, and died on December 29, 1915. Pathologist—Upon the recommendation of Dr. Townsend, Director of the Aquarium, Dr. George A. MacCallum of the Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons, who is doing some very valu- able work at the Aquarium on parasites, has been appointed Pathologist to the Aquarium. Assistant Director.—Dr. Raymond C. Osburn has tendered his resignation as Assistant Director of the Aquarium to take the chair of Biology in the New Connecticut College for Women at New London. Your committee lose his services with much regret. Mr. Chapman Grant has been engaged with the title of Curator of Fresh-Water Collections. New Aquarium.—The model of the new Aquarium Build- ing has been moved from the American Museum of Natural His- tory, and is now on exhibition at the Aquarium. Repairs.—Certain repairs being necessary to the Aquarium Building, an application was made by your committee to the Roard of Aldermen for an issue of Revenue Bonds for the fol- lowing purposes: 4. —_4_-=t._ Pio = ‘sudUDedS IMOJ StaquINU MoU ploy ayy, “UlOg J/BO puodes OY} SI SIU, YAHLOW AGNV AIVO MVA TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT Al 1. Repairs to the roof of Building necessary to makenit watertight: ) 3-23. oe $1,500.00 By Repairs to archway over rear door... 200.00 3. Resurfacing of outer walls now in a very bad CONOIEIONE Se A OR Pe ae oe us = 1800000 4. Installation of ventilation system to exhaust IOI “ENTE eas ROI ee cee Bee ene nS Or 800.00 $3,500.00 The sum of $2,000 was granted for the first three of the above items, and work is now under way. A contract has been let for necessary repairs to the tile flooring and also for the painting of the entire interior of the main hall and the upper and lower offices. The present venti- lating ducts have also been extended and arrangements made for more light in the office stairway. The annual lining of the furnaces with brick has been done at a cost of $310, and the iron work in the building has been thoroughly scraped and painted by the Aquarium forces. The most important improvement during the year has been the installation of filters for purifying the Harbor water used in the floor pools for seals, porpoises and large fish. Being of low salinity and polluted with sewage, New York Harbor water is very unsatisfactory for aquarium purposes. MAINTENANCE. Park.—The sum of $200,000 provided by the City for the maintenance of the Zoological Park for the year 1915, proved sufficient and the year closed without a deficit. The sum of $197,074.35 has been appropriated for the year 1916. This re- duction of $2,925.65 is an arbitrary cut made by the City author- ities in the interest of general economy and will make it difficult for the Society to maintain the Park during the year without a deficit. Aquarium.—The sum of $47,000 provided by the City for the maintenance of the Aquarium for the year 1915, proved sufficient to close the year without a deficit. A similar amount has been granted for the year 1916. 42 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY FINANCES. Owing to the policy of your committee of keeping expendi- tures within our known resources the Society closes the year in a fair financial position, despite the unsettled conditions of the past year. The balances to the credit of the several funds as of December 31, 1915, are as follows: Income.Account, 224: tas = ee $23,340.22 Animal, Hund 2.3330 2) eae ee ee 5,198.31 Cadwalader Animal Fund... 788.89 Endowment Fund (uninvested) 1,972.80 Stokes’ Bird. Mundo Jc ease oe eee MT pAs Pibraryal Gites oe Ga Sead eh ein 94.68 National Collection of Heads and Horns... 320.36 Wild Life: Protectionsnd2 9) ee 648.64 Improvement and Repair Account... 1,762.36 Tropical Research Fund... Spialin Nove eo ee 5,000.00 Total p22 oo. 22 0 Bs ie $39,403.55 Pension Fund Income Account: Farmers loan-and=Crust, Co... $4,595.77 Corn Exchange Bank (Bronx). =) = 372.68 $4,968.45 The above balances are in the Farmers’ Loan and Trust Company, and upon the recommendation of Mr. Percy R. Pyne, Treasurer, said Trust Company has been appointed Assistant Treasurer of the Society, to take effect January 1, 1916, and is to be vested with the same powers and duties as those now pos- sessed by the Treasurer. This will greatly facilitate the work of the Treasurer’s Department. INCOME ACCOUNT. The general income of the Society, including that from the Endowment Fund, was insufficient during the year to meet cur- rent expenses, and it was necessary to use a portion of the cash balance on hand at the beginning of the year. The annual cash subscription of $3,640 to the Pension Fund, which is taken from the general income of the Society, is responsible for this deficit. The balance of the Society’s subscription to this fund, which totals $8,000, is made up by the income from the fund of $100,000 TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 43 provided by Mr. Andrew Carnegie. Relief from this annual drain will be sought during 1916, as well as an increase in the membership and in the Endowment Fund. During the year the income from the Endowment Fund, aggregating $14,632.80 was transferred to this fund, as well as the accumulation of balances from previous years, aggregating $6,206.32, thus closing out the Endowment Fund Income Ac- count. With these transfers the Income Account closes the year with a credit balance of $23,340.22. ANIMAL FUND. The falling off in the privileges at the Park, and the use of gate receipts for needed repairs, resulted during the year in the depletion of the Animal Fund. A transfer was thereupon made of the available funds in the Privilege Department in the amount of $5,000, which was only sufficient to purchase the nec- essary renewals in the collections. Your committee, therefore, have authorized the raising of a fund of $10,000 for the pur- chase of animals during the year 1916. To date the following subscriptions have been received: imenrson—-MeMuallings 215 tes. ee ee $1,000.00 WO aclemeVinlilcnen matte ee tee AS ee le RE 1,000.00 MOTUS eee i ONGy ees tee etd Mawr ea 8 500.00 IFISHeMaArd BOLE Wari oe Eee oe 500.00 Watson. 5: Dickerman. 2.2... eee ahs 500.00 Galiano C Mey nae so 8 me te) ey fae ee 500.00 DEWAR or wa rkMessiun a ee 13 23 Proboscideay= = = ahaa 2 3 Hyracoidesa 26) =a eee it i Tetal. 2:2 > seer ace 211 636 TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT fel REPORT OF THE VETERINARIAN. By W. Reid Blair, D. V. S. There has been no epidemic of any character among the mammal coliection during the past year; however, a muck. larger number of animals have been received in a moribund condition, and this has resulted in increasing an otherwise low death-rate for the year. Among the important losses were the gorilla, the Indian elephant Gunda, the African elephant Congo, and a male orang. The gorilla Dinah died in July, after having been on exhibition about a year, from malnutrition and exhaustion. Perhaps nc animal created so much interest among medical men as Dinah, who had been examined by scores of physicians. At no time during her illness did she exhibit signs of any acute affection. During the year she was subjected to the tuberculin test on three occasions, and in each instance the test was negative. The only definite symptoms exhibited were those of cage paralysis, and she showed great improvement for several months as the result of the administration of extracts of thyroid and thymus glands; tonics of arsenic, strychnin and iron, and being kept out-of-doors for a number of hours each day. The autopsy revealed no evidences of acute disease, except emaciation of the muscular tissue and changes in the bony structure similar to those seen in the early stages of osteomalacia or “cage paralysis.” The pygmy elephant Congo was destroyed in October, since it was apparent that he could never again be exhibited on ac- count of the deformities of the joints which had produced a permanent lameness. Congo had for years suffered from chronic rheumatism, affecting the tendons and joints, but at various times seemed to be free from this trouble. In the past two years, during the summer months, he had been taken out of the Elephant House and placed in the southerly portion of the elk range where there is a small pond. The soft ground and mud, and out-door life greatly improved his condition, but soon after removal to his winter quarters, early in September, he showed evidences of severe inflammatory affection of the joints, with so much pain that it was decided that he should be humanely destroyed. The orang died as a result of a heart thrombus, after ex- hibiting symptoms of heart affection for three weeks. The autopsy showed an unusually large thrombus. ~ bo NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Toxic Gastro-Enteritis—A form of infectious toxic gastro- enteritis, occurring principally among the carnivores, particu- larly the bears, and the smaller carnivores in the small mammal collection, has been very troublesome for several years, and especially so during the past year. The disease is infectious, but not highly contagious. In some respects it resembles dis- temper, but differs essentially from this disease in that it is not readily conveyed by direct contact. The mortality is very high, over 90 per cent. The disease is transmitted by direct contact, or by the intermediation of excrement vomit, infected bedding and various diseased food products. Since this disease may be confounded with ptomaine or meat poisoning, uraemic poisoning, distemper, or the presence of foreign bodies in the stomach, I deem it wise to describe the affection somewhat in detail. The disease generally appears in an acute form, the ma- jority of cases running their course within from one to four days. The affected animal is suddenly seized with an unac- countable vomiting, or has passed blood by bowel, although two or three hours before this, the animal was apparently nor- mal and had partaken of food as usual. Many cases have occurred, among ocelots and South American cats, where the animal appeared perfectly well at night, but upon the keeper’s arrival in the morning it was found vomiting or passing bloody stools, and in a dazed state, unwilling to move, and persistently assuming, in an unconscious manner, the recumbent position. The ears, mouth and limbs are very cold, and a dirty saliva issues from the mouth. In some cases violent and repeated vomiting appears early. This vomiting is generally the first symptom to attract the at- tention of the keeper that something is wrong with the animal. Thirst is intense, but as soon as water is taken it is almost im- mediately rejected. The vomit at first contains particles of food, or it may consist of the whole of the meal taken a short time before. This is followed by the rejection of a glairy, mucoid material containing air-bubbles and water. A short time after- wards the vomited material becomes of a greenish tint, due to the presence of bile; and, finally is followed by a fluid more or less thick consistency, of a bloody chocolate or coffee colored appearance, and having a characteristic and very nauseous odor. In many cases these symptoms are accompanied by a profuse diarrhea, which may be bloody in appearance, and very often TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 73 of a putrid odor. The temperature is normal or subnormal, rarely elevated, except in the very early stages of the affection. The respiration is not much disturbed, except immediately be- fore and after the act of vomiting, when it is generally rapid. The abdomen is hard and drawn or tucked up, and on pressure over the region of the stomach, pain is generally evinced by groaning and great resistance on the part of the animal, which often vomits immediately after this manipulation. When the animal is made to move, it does so with great reluctance, shows great muscular weakness, arches the back and has a tottering, feeble gait, and again quickly assumes the recumbent position. When the disease is fairly developed, the facial expression is anxious or haggard, the eyeballs are drawn back into their orbits, the pupils are dilated and the eyes expressionless. The urine is scant, of a high specific gravity, dark in color, and emits a very strong odor. Although nervous disturbance is not a pronounced characteristic of this disease, convulsions, re- sembling distemper convulsions, and coma have been seen in fatal cases. While the mortality is very high we have, however, had recovery take place in a polar bear, sloth bear, sun bear, ocelots, a clouded leopard and in a puma. While there is absolute loss of appetite, we have taken advantage of the insati- able thirst, and in this way have been able to administer anti- septic remedies such as copper arsenate, quinine salicylate, hy- drochloric acid, salol, subgallate of bismuth, and morphine sul- phate in cod-liver oil, and in milk and brandy. In the cases of the polar bear, and sloth bear, the early administration of cod-liver oil doubtless saved the lives of both of these animals, which were taken ill on the same day. The polar bear took thirty-four ounces of cod-liver oil at one dose. Animals will often retain carbonated water and milk when other liquids will be expelled. In these cases it is important to cut off the supply of water from the animal in order that medicines may be ad- ministered. The indications for treatment are to give the stomach as much rest as possible, and the food must consist of white of eggs, milk and fresh béef juice given in small quantities at intervals of three or four hours. After two or three days of this diet, scraped raw beef may be added to the milk and the white of eggs, but only in very small quantities, say a table- spoonful at a time. As the body temperature is greatly re- 74 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY duced care should be taken to supply some artificial heat, and this can be done when the animal is small by placing the cage over or against a heater. The unfavorable signs of this disease are continual vomit- ing, especially if the vomited material has a coffee-like or prune juice appearance, or a putrid odor, and when the animal reaches a comatose stage. If symptoms of pneumonia become manifest, a fatal termination is to be expected. The favorable signs to be looked for are, the cessation of vomiting, the animal beginning to notice its surroundings, the desire for food and the inclination to move about its cage. The post-mortem appearances of infectious toxic gastro- enteritis are fairly constant, and it is often only by such ex- amination that a differential diagonsis is made. In many instances when death takes place early the lesions indicate an acute hemorrhagic septicemia. The stomach and small intestine often contain a more or less thick, dark red or purple fluid, containing blood, mucus and bile, and resembling in appearance tar or prune juice. On washing or scraping the stomach, the purple color does not disappear. The mucous sur- face of the stomach is thrown up in rugae or folds, which ap- pear thick and swollen, often showing abrasions. In some in- stances the gastric mucosa is soft, black in color, and appears as a vast sheet of clotted blood. The lesions in the small intes- tines are generally confined to the duodenum, the walls of which are of an intense purplish color. With the exception of the lungs, spleen and kidneys, which are generally more or less congested, the abdominal organs rarely show any gross changes. Among the animals destroyed on account of general debility as a result of old age were—three buffaloes, four elk, lion Sultan, bearded gnu, and several antelopes. During the coming year, it is hoped that we shall be able to replace some of our African antelopes, many of which will die or will have to be destroyed on account of debility associated with old age. When an animal is a rare specimen it is often difficult to decide just when it has reached such a state of debility as to justify its removal from exhibition, or merciful destruction. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 75 The new Animal Hospital which has been under construc- tion during the summer should be completed and ready for use during the early part of February. This hospital will afford the best facilities for the observation and care of injured or sick animals, and, at the same time, by the prompt removal of all suspicious cases of illness from exhibition, will protect the healthy specimens from the danger of contracting infectious diseases. The isolation of the hospital will permit of the successful treatment of distemper among the carnivores, and of other con- tagious diseases without fear of an epidemic occurring among our collection. Of the deaths occurring among the mammals, they were divided as follows: Primates: =.= set REE Ct TS SANTOR ES easel. cite Wet noes le Bes 44 Wiel Gest xx os 5 ee et Be whe at EPODOSCIGIAN Gapoh ee ee seen oe 2 Ode ibsase or Pet Pern a ee 45 Man ciipicils: or o.s as Se ee Ee 10 Gen Gabe see ae iho een ee Me 9 MO ta le der et ee ee 222 DEPARTMENT OF BIRDS. C. William Beebe, Curator; Lee S. Crandall, Assistant Curator; Samuel Stacey, Head Keeper. In spite of the continued demoralized condition of the Euro- pean animal market, the bird collections have been able to hold their own during the past year. The first few months of the war so completely checked the sources of supply on which we were dependent that the effect on the collection was at once no- ticeable. Since then, however, we have developed other means of obtaining specimens, particularly from South America, and we expect to be able to maintain our present position until nor- mal conditions again prevail. Early in the summer, the Curator, accompanied by Mr. G. Inness Hartley and Keeper Herbert Atkin, visited the Zoological Gardens of Para, Brazil, and there secured a large collection of Brazilian mammals, birds and reptiles. Sixty-two birds of forty- three species, of which fifteen were new to us, were included. ‘yuoaed o[eul s}1 Aq poived Aj[NJsso0ons puv GIG] UL poyooeYy SEM NWO Sunod oy, NWH ONNOA OT Ae SEL ARPS ETP ol OUR ght pi, yp OR OS wire ae wie et, Nah Pg we eS be Sh Tp ater st ge CE BT | a MS deeds pith wr - i #; Vor dd na Ts 1 t% : oad see | ea ee ae ee - oe Ym OP be Far pak wee ~ Mag AtS a rt fy oo a pow 5 * Pas a a's te wy ey es > ghey a *F i OF yp ed ae a | » e nn ot ‘> j TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT Fer The most important specimens were: A harpy eagle (Thrasaétus harpyia), hyacinthine macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) , three species of trumpeters (Psophia), several species of guans (Penelope) and three forms of great caciques (Ostinops and Gymnostinops), besides a considerable number of parrots, par- rakeets and other birds. Mr. Charles C. Worthington, of, Shawnee-on-Delaware, Pa., having decided to dispose of his large collection of native and foreign birds, kindly presented them to the Zoological Society. Packing and transportation were supervised by the Assistant Curator, and the collection was brought to the Park by motor truck, without loss. Through this gift we secured 147 well- acclimatized birds representing fifty-nine species. Late in the autumn of 1915, a few birds of paradise, chiefly from the island of Waigiu, northwest of New Guinea, were received in London. After a great deal of delay and difficulty, two pairs of these birds finally reached the Zoological Park. They are the red bird of paradise (Uranornis rubra) and the Wilson bird of paradise (Schlegelia wilsoni). The former is a large, showy bird, the adult male being ornamented with long, red plumes. This specimen should acquire these decorations after next summer’s molt. The Wilson is a very small species, not much larger than a thrush, but exceedingly brilliant in plumage. It never had been represented in European collections until the present shipment was received. As we were fortunate enough to secure two greater birds of paradise (Paradisea apoda), which were brought over from London by Mr. G. Tyrwhitt- Drake, we now are able to exhibit three species of these gorgeous birds. A handsome pair of the arctic horned owl (Bubo virginianus subarcticus), a nearly white form, was secured from a collector in Manitoba. The pale plumage of this bird forms a striking contrast to the tawny hue of southern birds in adjoining cages. During the summer, unusual efforts were made to breed various birds, and very satisfactory results were obtained. The most interesting youngster is an emu (Dromiceius novae-holian- diae), the first to be reared in this country. A black-footed pen- guin (Spheniscus demersus), was brought to full size, but it died quite suddenly when apparently in the best of health. Eight mourning doves (Zenaidura macroura carolinensis), four Aus- tralian crested doves (Lophophaps lophotes), a pectoral rail 78 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY (Hypotaenidia philippinensis), two white ibises (Guava alba), a white-eyed duck (Marila nyroca), besides a goodly number ot wood, mandarin and mallard ducks and Canada geese, are among the most important. Of Gallinaceous birds, we reared the Bob- white (Colinus virginianus), the California quail (Lophortyxz californicus), the Curacao crested quail (Hupsychortyx crista- tus), as well as golden, silver and Swinhoe pheasants. A num- ber of Passerine birds also reached maturity, as reported in the Bulletin. For several years the birds in the Flying Cage have made more or less sporadic attempts at nesting, but in the spring of 1915, their efforts erystallized in a colony which closely simu- lated a natural rookery. A small elm tree in one corner of the cage was chosen as a site, and was literally bowed down by the great weight of the nests. At one time, two pairs of snowy egrets (EHgretta candidissima), three pairs of roseate spoonbills (Ajaja ajaja), two pairs of white ibises (Guara alba), and a pair each of scarlet (G. rubra) and black-headed ibises (Ibis melanocephala), were building or engaged in incubation. Un- fortunately, a very severe wind and rain storm wrecked many cf the nests and so disturbed the others that the rookery was destroyed. However, two white ibises were fully reared, and we have every reason to hope for better success during the com- ing season. As a complement to the active campaign work in behalf of the birds, which is being carried on by the Zoological Society, a permanent exhibit of “Appliances for Attracting Birds’ was arranged in the Park, during the spring of 1915. A well-for- ested spot bordering the eastern side of Baird Court was selected as being the most advantageously placed, and a great variety of bird houses and boxes were set up there. Nesting logs and boxes of many patterns, food counters and shelters of several kinds and various other paraphernalia for aiding the increase of our native birds, were placed in suitable positions. Visitors to the Park have evinced a great deal of interest in the exhibit, and many persons have thus been induced to purchase and make use of such appliances as appealed to them. Perhaps the most important contribution to ornithology made by the Department of Birds was the discovery by the Curator of an atavistic wing on the hind leg of pigeons and other birds. This was elaborated as ‘“‘A Tetrapteryx Stage in the Ancestry of Birds,” Zoologica, Vol. II, No. 2. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 79 Two other papers for Zoologica, relating to ecological field work near Para, were written, and will be published early in 1916. Papers published during the year, relating to work in the Department of Birds were as follows: “Spiders Collected by C. William Beebe in Burma and Bor- neo,” including Ten New Species (Petrunkovitch, Ann. Entom. Soc. Am. VII, p. 169). “Two New Genera of Myrmicine Ants from Brazil,’ Ble- pharidatta brasiliensis and Glamyromyrmex beebei. (Wheeler, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv., LIX, p. 483.) “Relaticnship of the Tupaiidae and the Eocene Lemurs, Especially Notharctus.”’ (Gregory, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. Vol. ZA Dp. 24i-2oa.) By far the most vital undertaking inaugurated by this De- partment is the planning of a Tropical Zoological Station in Georgetown, British Guiana. ‘This is described elsewhere. In brief, its purpose will be research in the life histories of various groups of vertebrates and invertebrates, with special reference to the more general problems of evolution. Curator Beebe will be in charge, with Mr. Inness Hartley as Research Associate and Mr. Paul Howes as Research Assistant. The second object of the work will be the collecting and shipping to the Zoological Park of interesting rare types of living vertebrates. Mr. Donald Carter will be attached to the Station as collector. The party will reach British Guiana about February 1, and will remain in the field at least one year. CENSUS OF BIRDS LIVING IN THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK. January 1, 1916. Orders Species. Specimens Rheiformes, [ed dVersicte Ey utes ery ape Rg nea a ae 1 2 Struthioniformes, WSERICNCSi> eee an ree ae 2 3 Casuarliformes, Cassowaries and Emus. 3 9 Tinamiformes, PUM ATNOUGH oes oe 5 8 Galliformes, Quail and Pheasants ........ 70 168 Pteroclidiformes, Sand (Grouse = 1 i! Columbiformes, Pigeons and Doves 46 132 Ralliformes, Coots and Gallinules _.. 1 19 THE SNAKE-KILLING MUSSURANA ONE OF SOUTH AMERICA’S DEADLIEST REPTILES, THE JARARACA This poisonous snake is one of the lance-heads (Lachesis) and locally known as the Jararacacu. The Mussurana is immune to the bites of these vipers, and kills and swallows them. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT sl Sphenisciformes, Penouins = oat aa | 4 Lariformes, Gullsfande terns. 13 43 Charadriiformes, Plovers and Sandpipers 10 19 Gruiformes, Cranes, Seriemas, ete. . 15 28 Ardeiformes, Ibises, Storks and Herons 38 88 Palamedeiformes, SCEEAINer Sees eens ro 3 Phoenicopteriformes, Miaming0ese 2a 3 os Anseriformes, Swans, Geese and Ducks 71 687 Pelecaniformes, Cormorants and Pelicans 9 23 Cathartidiformes, New World Vultures fi 18 Accipitriformes, Hawks and Eagles; Old World: Vultures: 28 42 Strigiformes, Ow Site ee ew ere ee 17 30 Psittaciformes, Parrots, Macaws and Cockatoose = 2+. 65 ilsail Coraciiformes, Kingfishers, Hornbills, Ci Cee ee ee era leer ner 6 i Cuculiformes, Touracos and Cuckoos... 5 5 Scansoriformes, Barbets and Toucans .. Ui, 10 Piciformes, Woodpeckers 22 == 5 13 Passeriformes, Thrushes, Sparrows and all other Perching | BATT el KSI ee ec eralea ie ne RT Bf (ee 1253 813 2773 Summary: Orders, 26; Species, 813; Specimens, 2,773. DEPARTMENT OF REPTILES. Raymond L. Ditmars, Curator; Chas. E. Snyder, Head Keeper. It was only by persistent attention to sources in the United States and tropical America that the reptile collection for the past year was maintained at the uniformly high standard that was set at the opening of the Park sixteen years ago. It means much to explain that not one reptile or amphibian of European, Asiatic, Malayan, African or Australian origin was added to the collection during the past year. The war has rendered it absolutely impossible to obtain Old World specimens. However, the census of the collection of reptiles and am- phibians for the past year compares very favorably with the census of the close of 1914. One reason for this has been the success of the Reptile House staff in maintaining the collection. 82 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY There were no deaths to speak of among the rare and costly specimens, many of which are establishing interesting records of longevity. The curator of the department is now at work upon a table of these records, and similar records for the mam- mals. In the past five years we have saved much money and permanently strengthened the collection, by eliminating from our purchases the greater number of representatives of species that have been found to be delicate and short-lived in captivity. Early in 1915 special efforts were made, in counteracting the lack of Old World species, to obtain a very full series of reptiles and amphibians from the southern states and the South- west. A collector on the Pacific coast did particularly good work in supplying us with lizards, snakes and different species of toads. Two collectors in Texas sent on much interesting ma- terial, and a large number of very satisfactory reptiles came from Florida. The Curator and Keeper Palmer collected several hundred specimens of the local reptiles in Sullivan County, New York and Pike County, Penn.; those specimens representing about twelve species. Our South American accessions came from several sources. Mr. R. R. Mole, of Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, who has steadily supplied us with tropical American reptiles since the opening of the Park, made special efforts to obtain a large series of specimens. From him we obtained a number of species of par- ticularly interesting frogs, toads and tree-toads that we have never previously exhibited, and apparently have never anywhere been exhibited alive before this. An expedition of the Society to Para resulted in the addition of several interesting reptiles, and near the close of the year, we received a particularly important collection of South American poisonous snakes through the cour- tesy of Dr. Vital Brazil, Director of the Institute of Serum- Therapy, at Sao Paulo, Brazil. The scientific work accomplished by the reptile department during 1915, comprises a quite elaborate review of little-known frogs and toads of the Old and New World by Richard Deckert of the Reptile House staff. Mr. Deckert made careful studies of a number of rare species on exhibition and for the first time prepared colored illustrations of these species from life. He com- bined his observation of habits with detailed descripitions of species, in an article of over thirty pages, illustrated with color plates, that appeared in a recent number of Zoologica, (Vol. II, No. 1). Numerous Bulletin articles and notes concerning —— TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 83 the reptiles were prepared during the year, and the card index system was increased in value by the addition of data relating to longevity, growth and increase of weight. The Curator has continued his motion picture studies of reptiles at night, photographing many interesting traits by mer- eury-vapor light. Among the results were moving picture films of several species of tree toads when singing and enormously distending the throat, the complete and previously unknown life history of the marbled salamander, the emergence of five differ- ent species of snakes from the eggs, and greatly magnified scenes of the feeding habits of small reptiles and amphibians. Motion picture studies of insects and their near allies resulted in scenes of the stridulating species while “‘singing,” and magnified views of development and transformations. On October 26, 1915, Dr. Francis G. Benedict, Director of the Nutrition Laboratory of Carnegie Institution of Washington, began a series of very elaborate experiments at the Park, for the study of the metabolism of mammals and reptiles. Dr. Benedict’s laboratory apparatus was first set up in the tortoise room of the Reptile House, and his researches will continue far into the year 1916. Dr. Benedict thus describes, in precise terms, the character of these experiments: “In connection with the researches on human nutrition carried out at the Nutrition Laboratory of the Carnegie Insti- tution of Washington the necessity for a study of the funda- mental laws governing heat production in the living organism became apparent. Of the numerous factors influencing vital activity, particularly as indicated by the oxidation of material in the body and the accompanying production of heat, factors such as body temperature and the relative proportion between the active mass of protoplasmic tissue and inert body fat are of greatest significance. “Subsidiary questions, such as the nature of the integument, the insulating character and density of fur and feathers are, as yet, practically unknown. While the greatest proportion of the researches in the Nutrition Laboratory are confined to observa- tions on human subjects, the rich supply of material in the whole range of zoology in the New York Zoological Park led to the inception of a research designed to study the gaseous metabolism of animals of widely varying species. An elaborate and deli- 84 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY cately tested respiration apparatus with numerous chambers for varying sizes of reptiles has been installed in the Reptile House of the Park, and daily observations under the technical direction of Mr. Colbert Mason of the Nutrition Laboratory have been in progress since October 28, 1915. Thus far the python, boa and rattlesnake have been especially studied, and a most interesting series of observations on the giant tortoise from the Galapagos Islands completed. “Tt is believed that the material is being collected upon such a scale that, when it is deemed practicable to publish the results, definite conclusions can be drawn. Reports of the work will be published from time to time, as the collection of data justifies, in the publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.” CENSUS OF REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK. January 1, 1916. Species Specimens Cheloniai cer oan rename 36 138 Crocodiliay oo 2 er eae en 6 54 Macertihia: = Sarre ERS eee 91 Ophidia =. — Ree ete RE a ee « o Si 2a0 pA\70G Cy 201] OD re Wegener Re R, el Rute Na he AT ihe A Oba ahs eae ana eee V57 (isi SUMMARY OF COLLECTIONS. A census of the animals in the Zoological Park, taken Janu- ary 1, 1916, is as follows: Species Specimens Mamie sti, avn alee ere PALLIL 636 Bird S332 236 ee ee een 813 2,773 Reptilese 2 cos. oh etre ae 110 518 AM phID IANS i eee eee ee AT 273 TOGal 2. ares IIS 4,200 GROUND IMPROVEMENT AND MAINTENANCE WORK OF THE DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND CONSTRUCTION. Hermann W. Merkel, Chief Constructor and Forester; E. H. Costain, Assistant Forester. The first work to be started by the ground improvement fund was the replacing of the poultry house at the Nursery, and the erection of a brooder and incubator house, both of which TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 85 were needed very much. The house is a structure twelve by eighty feet, containing approximately double this amount of floor space. The building was planned by Mr. E. A. Costain, in charge of the Nursery, and consists of a frame structure on a concrete foundation, sufficiently high to permit a scratching place for the full length and width of the building, situated under the main floor. This space is connected with the main floor by a simple runway in the form of a trap-door, which when pulled up tightly closes the opening to prevent draft. The whole building is so planned that there is no room for rodents and other vermin, and the roosts, nesting boxes, and front drop curtains, are all in keeping with the most up-to-date practice. The building is occupied by 300 hens, and has so far been very successful. The brooder and incubator structure is a one-story frame building with a good concrete incubator cellar, and was placed sufficiently remote from the other buildings to remove any danger to them in case of fire. The brooders, ac- commodating about 800 chicks, are heated by means of a small hot-water heater and coils. The total cost of both structures was $1,400. Drinking Fountains.—Of these much needed conveniences we placed during the year seven new ones, in the following loca- tions: one north of the Aquatic Bird House, one interior of the Lion House, one north of the Elephant House, one on Baird Court north of the Primate House, one interior of the Antelope House, one south of the Raccoon Cage, and one north of the Boat House. After looking over all available fountains at a reason- able price, we decided upon a white enamelled single jet fountain with a foot pedal arrangement which starts and stops the flow of water. They are solidly placed upon concrete foundations with a drainage basin, and were connected with the sewer or walk basin as occasion required. The two placed in the Antelope House and Lion House are of special value during the winter when the out-door fountains cannot be used. The total cost of the fountains and setting amounted to $600. Elephant Fence-—When it became apparent last year that it would be necessary to strengthen and brace the elephant fences, a simple but efficient reinforcing of 5-inch steel rails and 3-inch by 3-inch tee iron was designed, and the work carried out early in the season. There were used on this work 400 feet of 60-pound steel railroad iron, 1,500 cubic feet of concrete, 572 feet of 3-inch by 3-inch by 14-inch tee iron, 160 feet 3-inch by ‘sn 0} UMOUY SI S9987g pozlus) ey} UL SUIMy WIA FO YyQIIq ayy jo aourysu MUVd TVOIDOTIOOZ AHL NI NYOd ‘SNIML WTA “i cath Sle Ms ve P ’ weap eer f Ra oe me ; a Oo Big E vot “ 4 et “ ; ‘ ‘ . . 3a Sy ay Oe é x 7 \ ty * pate = eS ee) . pe - me FEA Picks a he m~ > 4 . | aayyo euo yng Ae poe Pryce . — TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 87 14-inch flat iron, 100 feet 3-inch by °¢-inch flat iron, all being fas- tened together with °<-inch machine bolts. Several trials by the elephants have conclusively proven that the fence is now sufficiently strong to withstand any attacks. The cost of this im- provement was $1,100. Wild Fowl Pond.—The recurring epidemics among the birds of the Wild Fowl] Pond have indicated for some time the neces- sity of supplying a sanitary bottom, but the appropriation of $3,000 for this purpose hung fire so long a time that it was not possible to do more than the excavating of about 200 cubic yards of soft mud, and the partial underpaving of about 60 per cent of the area that is to be concreted. About 1,000 cubic yards of fill and stone were used. As soon as the weather will permit the work will be completed, and the muddy portion of the pond will have a smooth, clean bottom of concrete. New Animal Hospital—The drain from the hospital was connected with the main sewer by means of about 150 feet of 6-inch vitrified pipe. IMPROVEMENT AND REPAIR FUND, 1915. Walk Repairs.—The walk repairs was again the largest item performed from this fund, there being resurfaced over 95,000 square feet of walks and roads, the main walks being: Pheasant Aviary Walk, Mountain Sheep Walk, Beaver Valley Walk, Service Road for its entire length with the exception of a stretch of about 300 feet, Crotona Entrance Plaza and walk, and the Boston Road Entrance Plaza. At the Concourse about 2,000 square feet of concrete sidewalk was laid, and a great deal of the brick taken up and relaid upon a concrete foundation. The total expenditure for walk repairs was $4,025. Heating Repairs.—The heating repairs consisted of the in- stallation of a new hot-water supply boiler and additional radia- tion at the Administration Building, the installation of a steam heating plant at the dwelling at Nursery, and the resetting of two boilers at the Large Bird House, and one at the Rocking Stone Restaurant. In addition to that a great many minor repairs to pipes, valves, etc., were done, and a number of new flues supplied. The expenditure for this work was $1,100. Flying Cage.—Repairs to and recovering of the Flying Cage which had been begun last fall, were carried on during the win- ter and early spring whenever weather conditions permitted. 88 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY The sectional scaffold designed for this purpose by Mr. deWell- worth worked very well, the entire repairing, recovering and repainting being carried on economically and without the slight- est mishap. This work was finished on April 13, 1915, several weeks earlier than we anticipated. The total cost of this work was $1,300. Repairs on Pheasants’ Aviary.—At the Pheasant Aviary, seventeen cages were taken down and entirely replaced. The only portion of the cagework found in good condition was the wire netting. The sheet iron partitions were so badly corroded that it was not possible to leave any of them, while the framework needed a great deal of replacing or scaling, and for that reason the repairs exceeded the estimated cost, but as the framework was erected after a new design which will enable us to protect all surfaces with paint, these cages should from now on need very much less repairing than formerly. Large Bird House and Aquatic Bird House.—At the Large Bird House all of the outdoor cages of the east side received a very thorough overhauling and repairing at a cost of $316.15, and the water supply to the in- and out-door cages here and in the Aquatic Bird House received new pipes, valves, labor, etc., to the extent of $469. Goose Aviary.—The entire southern half of the Goose Avi- ary received a complete overhauling. One thousand five hun- dred and fifty feet of new fences, on concrete coping requiring 1,500 cubic feet of concrete, was installed. The erection of the Hospital rendered necessary the build- ing of a retaining wall mounted with a concrete coping at a cost of $400. On the various Deer Barns, portions of the shingled roofs and the gutters and leaders were repaired or replaced. The cost of this item was $515. At the Rocking Stone Restaurant, a large portion of the shingled roof was replaced, though this work was done partly by Maintenance Fund, only $55.00 being charged to the Repair Fund. All of the older Entrance buildings came in for a certain amount of reshingling, at a cost of $360. Other work done under this fund was the drainage of the dwelling at the Nursery, a certain amount of repairs to the cages of the Small Mammal House, and to the fences of the Deer Ranges and Mountain Sheep Hill. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 89 GENERAL MAINTENANCE WORK. Of general maintenance, the raising and distribution of food supplies, the cleaning of walks, lawns and buildings, the collec- tion and disposal of garbage, refuse, manure and ashes, and the general upkeep of buildings, cages and fences, and the policing of the grounds, were carried on much as heretofore, though for- tunately we had the efficient help of a number of men supplied absolutely free of charge by the Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor. For a number of weeks these men were kept busy on the lands east of Boston Road. During the present year we have had from the Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor, free labor to the extent of $3,798.25, which has helped us most wonderfully in getting the area mentioned in proper con- dition, and in keeping it clean. These men also dug the excava- tion for the refrigerating room at the Boat House. They laid the water-pipe to the new drinking fountain north of the Boat House and erected the fountain; set posts for all of the refuse boxes; built a large stretch of guard rail and a retaining wall; did a great deal of grading, and of cutting out of dead, dangerous and undesirable trees. They did all of the mowing and raking of grass east of the Boston Road, and have dug out innumerable plants of poison ivy. In short, they have done a great amount of good and valuable work, and it would be a pity if it were necessary to go without their help next year. It is to be hoped that some arrangement can be made with this Association which would be mutually profitable. The supervision of these men was intrusted to our Special Patrolman, H. Van Benschoten, who made an efficient foreman, but who, at the same time, did not allow this work to interfere with his police duties, making dur- in the year 44 arrests, obtaining a conviction in each case, and co-operating in many instances with the city police, from whom we obtained a great deal of help. DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION. H. R. Mitchell, Chief Clerk and Manager of Privileges; Wm. Mitchell, Cashier. The Maintenance Fund allowed by the City for the year 1915 was the same as given us in 1914, and fortunately was again granted in a lump sum, permitting its expenditure to the best advantage. The special work to which Mr. Beebe, our Cu- rator of Birds, had been detailed for several years having been * , ; J : whi We \ We w 4) ay s re ey ua ws a MUTE SWANS FROM BELMAR, NEW JERSEY TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 91 completed, it was necessary to return him to the regular main- tenance force, which reduced the amount available for supplies of all kinds, by the amount of his salary. It was a very difficult problem to provide for our needs throughout the year without a deficit, but by strict economy we were able to accomplish it. The responsibilities of the Chief Clerk were greatly in- creased during several weeks’ absence of the Director in the west on a lecture tour in the interests of game protection. Audit and Accounts.—In addition to the audit of the So- ciety’s books for the year, certified statements of which appear elsewhere in this report, the privilege accounts were given the usual check by the auditors, and another investigation was made covering the receipt of supplies for both the maintenance and privilege departments. In this connection, several changes were suggested to and approved by the Auditing Committee, which have been put into effect. An inventory of equipment in all sections of the privileges is now being made, which will be re- vised and corrected annually hereafter, the work being done at intervals throughout the year when other duties of the Stock Accountant will permit. New funds created in 1915 were confined to the single ac- count to be known as the Tropical Research Fund. Some changes in the methods of approval and payment of bills were made just before the close of the year in order to provide for the change in the Treasurer’s office by which Mr. R. L. Cerero was made Bursar, and the Farmers’ Loan and Trust Company, Assistant Treasurer, taking effect immediately after the first of the year. Privileges.—As a whole, the showing made during the year just closed has been the most unsatisfactory in some years. This was due to a number of causes. Practically all expenditures made in the Park are in the nature of luxuries, and therefore they are the first to be curtailed under conditions such as pre- vailed during the greater part of 1915. While the actual de- crease in attendance over the previous year was only 15 per- cent, unfortunately the reduced attendance when analyzed by months and Sundays shows an actual gain over the preceding year in the first three and last months of the year, increasing the ratio of decrease in the five months, May to September, inclu- sive, which make up the season in which the bulk of the privi- lege husiness is done, to nearly 24 per cent. 92 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY There was an unusual amount of bad weather during those five months, affecting so many Sundays that when a comparison of Sunday attendance during that period is made with 1914, the percentage reduction is further increased to more than 35 per cent. Sunday attendance in May alone was 142,463 below the previous May. On the other hand, it is impossible to reduce help or salary expenses correspondingly, because a certain mini- mum force must be maintained continuously throughout the season. After making every possible reduction in the operating force consistent with maintaining our standard service, we were able to make a cut in this item of only 11 per cent. Rocking Stone Restaurant.—The gross business was not up to the normal figures by any means, but considering the attend- ance, the showing made was satisfactory. We were so unfor- tunate as to lose by death on the last day of the year one of the oldest employees at the restaurant, Mr. Leo Fradkin, who had been head waiter for ten years. Mr. Fradkin was a most faith- ful and efficient employee, who had the full respect of every member of the Park force. As privileges employees were ex- cluded from the benefits of the pension plan, when that plan was adopted, it was impossible to provide for Mr. Fradkin in any way from pension funds, during his long illness. Boating.—The condition of the dock, and the necessity for its being replaced by a concrete dock, has been previously re- ferred to in these reports. Funds for this improvement were not provided by the City, and by the opening of the boating sea- son the dock was in such a dilapidated condition that the boating receipts were seriously affected, showing a relatively greater loss than any other division of the privileges. At the close of the season another effort was made to get the funds for rebuild- ing, but entirely without success. As it was now impossible to go on another season without danger of serious accidents, ar- rangements were made to tear away the old dock, fill in the space where it stood, and put on the concrete floor in the spring, com- pleting it before the boating season opens. The work is pro- eressing favorably, and it is hoped that nothing will occur to prevent its being finished early in the spring of 1916. The usual amount of expense was put into the painting and repairing of the boat equipment, the work being carried on by privilege employees before and after the boating season. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 93 Boat House Restaurant.—One very important improvement was made in connection with the Boat House Restaurant in the past year; the construction of an addition to the basement ad- joining the kitchen, providing space for the large storage ice box which has previously had to be maintained in the kitchen. This improvement was not authorized in time so that it could be completed until very near the end of the year, and it was not, therefore, of any material benefit for this season. Another year we feel sure the result will fully justify the expense imeur eed in making the improvement. Soda Water.—Quite extensive changes and alterations were necessary at all our soda stands to meet new requirements of the Sanitary Bureau. Most important among these was the pro- viding of hot water for washing glasses—no easy task, since gas had to be piped some distance for the purpose. All stands have now been supplied with tanks and gas heat- ers except the one near the Bear Dens, and that one will have to be equipped in the same way during the next season. Secur- ing gas for that location will present numerous difficulties, on account of the trees and rock that will be encountered. This division of the privileges suffered a very heavy loss in gross receipts from the condition referred to previously. New Soda Pavilion.—The small rustic soda stand in front of the Reptile House which was erected as a temporary im- provement fourteen years ago, was so badly out of repair that it was necessary to do some work in the shape of renewal of the floor and plumbing in order to carry it along until city funds can be secured to erect a suitable structure on this site that will provide properly for refreshment demands, and be more in keeping with the surrounding buildings. The new shelter should be so arranged that at least a portion of it can be closed, to protect the fountain and other equipment. The fountain in the present structure has been greatly damaged by being exposed to all kinds of weather. Guide Book.—The Mountain Sheep Edition of the Guide Book, of which 40,000 copies were printed and placed on sale in 1913, was exhausted in September, 1915. The copy was so thoroughly revised at the time of this issue that it was unneces- sary to make any revision for a new edition beyond a few minor changes. 94 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY It was decided to print 20,000 copies, to be known as The Gorilla Edition. This brings the total number of copies of the Guide Book printed to date well above 200,000. Souvenir Books, Postal Cards, Pictures and Other Miscel- laneous Publications.—Considering general conditions, the fall- ing off in attendance and in sales generally, the results we were able to show in these items were up to our expectations. A very attractive souvenir, in the form of a folding art letter was issued in two forms, four-color and photogravure. These letters carry about sixteen reproductions from selected animal photographs, with writing space arranged so they fold in the form of a letter, and can be sealed. They are a little difficult to display properly at the gates, and the sales have been somewhat disappointing. A new feature added to our list of souvenir publications was a series of animals in art stamps, printed in colors by the four-color plate process. While the pictures are of miniature size, 134 x 234 inches, careful attention was given to all the color details, with the result that they are surprisingly effective. The series comprises 130 stamps, grouped in six sets of twenty subjects each, with an album containing the remaining ten stamps and providing space for pasting the entire series. A briefly written caption giving correct information is printed under the position for each stamp. The collection has proved very popular with Park visitors as a souvenir, and somewhat to our surprise has had quite an extensive sale throughout the country. We had expected to place these stamps on sale early in the season, but much time was required to get the color proofs finished to our satisfaction, and deliveries could not be made until the middle of August. Sales, however, were very satis- factory, and before the close of the year more than half of the issue had been disposed of. Gate Receipts.—The collections at the entrances on pay days were somewhat less than last year, and were again credited to the improvement and repair fund and expended in making urgent repairs that could not be done from maintenance. Riding Animals.—The female elephant Alice was used as a riding animal this season. To make it possible to have her keeper look after this service without being away from the building, the riding trip was confined to two of the yards at the Elephant House. This plan worked successfully, and as a result quite a sum was added to the income. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 95 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING. George M. Beerbower. Civil Engineer. Owing to the many unique features of the Animal Hospital, the attention of our engineer has been mostly confined to the superintendence of this building. Soundings were made for a sewer-line for this building over every available route, in order to avoid rock excavation as much as possible. The work of the contractors, H. H. Vought & Co., has been most satisfactory. Not only have the specifications been faith- fully complied with, but many conditions not anticipated by the specifications, were taken care of in a satisfactory manner. The building is now nearing completion and will be occupied early in 1916. During the early part of the year the engineer’s time was occupied in finishing the large colored map of the easterly half of the Park. This map is designed for exhibition purposes, and to accompany a similar map of the western portion of the Park, which has been found mest valuable. Surveys were made and plotted, showing every individual tree, its size and kind, of all the area demanded by the Public Service Commission for Rapid Transit Storage Yards along the easterly side of the Park. Plans were prepared and filed for a large brooder-house and other buildings required in the nursery. Surveys were made, ground staked out, and grades established for the paving of the Wild Fow! Pond. The latter part of the year has been mostly taken up in superintending the work of the removal of the old wooden dock at the Boat House and the construction of a new concrete dock. The old wooden dock consisted of 63,660 square feet of three- inch planking and timbers rigidly spiked together. This was badly decayed and water-soaked, and upon it had been built a booth and stairways which had to be supported while the wood- work was being removed from under. Early in December the river rose to such a height as to overflow the site, and work on the new dock had to be suspended. In an institution of the magnitude and character of this, innumerable and varied demands are made upon the engineer which can not be embodied in the space available for an annual report. ydearsojoyd Jusdat eB WOA GT WOIYVNOV MYOA MON GHL LV HSIAGCTOS TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF PUBLICATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY. Elwin R. Sanborn, Editor and Photographer. Photography.—The more important of the subjects photo- graphed in 1915 were as follows: Sea-lions diving into their pool, kiang, dromedary, gudha, banded opossum, dinomys, Hum- boldt saki, yak, hartebeest, swimming frogs, rare tropical frogs and toads, tree snakes, palm viper, black-footed penguin, trum- peters, emu chick, crested eagle, goliath herons and merganser. An extensive series of negatives was made of the bears, of con- struction work at the Wild Fowl! Pond, and the bird shelters and bird-feeding appliances exhibited on Baird Court. A paper on the eyes of fishes was illustrated by a number of photographs made under the direction of Dr. Bates. The most successful and interesting results of the year’s photographic labors were the negatives of fishes made in the tanks at the New York Aquarium; successful from the point of view of the solving of a very difficult problem. It practically is impossible to remove any mammal, bird or reptile from its home quarters and photograph it successfully; and this holds true of fishes. In fact, there are few creatures that are as sen- sitive to changes as the fishes. Usually it is fatal to the speci- mens when they are disturbed, and the resulting photographs under these circumstances are of little value. The pictures that the display tanks around the Aquarium presented, however, were so alluring that experiments with them, covering the past ten years, were tried from time to time until the problem of photo- graphing the specimens as they cruised about in the tanks was successfully solved. The work involved not only innumerable devices in synchronizing the camera shutter and the artificial lights employed, but also many nights of experiments that ex- tended far into the hours of the coming day. Often a week of these experiments produced not a single result other than a blank plate. It sometimes requires several nights’ work to make one good negative, on account of the tardiness of the fishes in rising in the water and presenting a picturesque grouping. Often, also, a flood of light suddenly enveloping a tank sends its occupants scurrying to the bottoms and along the sides where frequently they remain for a long period. 98 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Many of the negatives made in the past year of the speci- mens in the wall tanks of the Aquarium are quite unique, and their production is distinctly a step forward in this particular branch of photography. Bulletin.—The Bulletin appeared bi-monthly, as usual, and despite the fact that the source of supply for this publication is practically limited to the Park and Aquarium, all of its con- tributors have responded cheerfully to its demands. Annual Report.—Although the Annual Report was issued in good season, it was delayed by the changes in the financial statements. Zoologica.—Four numbers of Zoologica were issued; and two others, now in type, will be published within a short time. One issue, “The Whale Shark,” was published for the Aquarium. Cataloging.—A card index of photographs published has been started and already 2,400 cards have been placed in the files. This gives a complete record of the publication place of every photograph sent out for such purposes. It has been brought down to date, as have all records of cuts and plates belonging to the Society. All records of this department are in perfect order, and any cut, die, plate or negative is instantly available. This department’s filing system is simple and most effective, and is carried out in the most painstaking way. Record Albums.—The Aquarium negatives were transferred from the Aquarium Building and placed in the vaults at the Park. They were sorted, filed, numbered and printed. Over 900 negatives were handled and the prints mounted in ten specially- made loose-leaf albums. These were turned over to the Aqua- rium. Appended is a list of photographic work accomplished in ORS Lantern slides and transparencies, sold. 2 eae 105 Hnlareéements, solde oe. <.. 22° ee Seen ee ee ee Prec! ft) Prints for Albums: (Aquarium) ae = eee eee 960 Prints ior Adbums- (Park) 23 2 2 399 Prints for Publications 2. == salou ack © ere el oe ee 449 Prints sold, and used for miscellaneous purposes... 1,683 TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 99 CONCLUSION. In conclusion, I deem it my duty to point out to the people of New York, and to the members of the Zoological Society, the fact that our Fordham Entrance, at the corner of Pelham Park- way and the Southern Boulevard, is a disgrace to the Zoological Park. It is cheap, it is temporary, it is ugly, and now that the Boulevard has been raised as it has, it is impossible! It would be a waste of money to put a concrete approach in front of it, and that would be less than one-quarter of a real remedy. We need for that spot a new entrance, in keeping with the remainder of the Park. It should be dignified, imposing, orna- mented with sculptured bears, and in main structure and ap- proaches it should be architecturally and artistically perfect. The amount of money absolutely required is $35,000; and that sum must be found, forthwith. The situation at that entrance is intolerable. The lobby room of the Reptile House must be rebuilt, at once, to afford about ten times more sunlight than that particu- lar interior now receives. This, also, must be worked out in the near future. The change will cost about $2,500; and it can not be made a day too soon. Respectfully submitted, WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, Director. REPORT OF THE PENSTON BOARD OF THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY The first year of the active operation of the Pension Fund has proven the beneficent influence of that Fund upon its bene- ficiaries. There have been no withdrawals except in the case of members leaving the services of the Zoological Society. Of such resignations there have been five, but in each case the person taking the position vacated has become a member of the Fund, so that the total of the membership is only one less than that of the previous year. At present the total number of beneficiaries is 166, and there are two applications pending. The first pension granted under the regulations of the Fund was to Mr. John J. DeNyse, for many years a member of the Aquarium staff, and although Mr. DeNyse had not quite served the requisite number of years, the Pension Board, in accordance with the rules governing the Fund, voted unanimously in favor of a pension of 30 per cent of his former salary. Unfortunately, Mr. DeNyse was able to benefit by the action of the Board for only one month, as his death occurred shortly before the close of the year. There was collected during the year from the employees of the Zoological Society the sum of $3,172.18, and from the Zoo- logical Society as a contribution from the Carnegie Pension Fund $4,585.00, and from the Income Account of the Zoological Society $3,433.37. This, with interest amounting to $63.78, makes a total of receipts for the year of $11,254.33, available for pensions. The major portion of this has been invested by the Finance Committee in good bonds, as the Treasurer’s report will show. As it is necessary for all new employees to be examined by a physician in order to determine their fitness to become mem- bers of the Fund, Dr. Gilbert Vander Smissen was appointed to make such examinations. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 101 In view of the fact that the drafts upon the fund for pen- sions are certain to be quite heavy, it is highly desirable that further subscriptions to the Pension Fund be obtained. Of course, only the income of this fund can be expended for pen- sions, and there is grave danger that even in the near future the present income will not be sufficient to meet the demands that will be made upon it. Respectfully submitted, H. W. MERKEL, Secretary, Pension Board. Approved: GEORGE C. CLARK, Chairman, Pension Board, N. Y. Z. S. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE AQUARIUM TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS. HE New York Aquarium continues to fulfil its mission as one of the museums of the city with the same success as in past years. The attendance has diminished to some extent as a result of the war in Europe, but with more than four thousand visitors a day for the year 1915, the loss is not visually perceptible. Its relations with the public and with the officials of the city government remain on the same cordial basis as formerly. It has long been the custom of many teachers in the city schools to visit the Aquarium annually with their classes and this prac- tice has not declined. A work of considerable educational value is the free distribution of zoological material for school use to teachers who request it, and the service entails but trifling expense. The Aquarium is regarded by the country at large as a responsible and useful institution if one may judge by the large correspondence addressed to it on subjects pertaining to its peculiar field. The aquatic exhibits are as large and attractive as usual, while the building and its equipment have been improved dur- ing the year in many respects without increased cost. IMPROVEMENTS FROM THE MAINTENANCE FUND. The most important improvement of the year was the in- stallation of filters for cleaning water pumped from the Harbor into the large floor pools. These pools are located too low to permit of their being connected with the reservoir of pure sea water. They are moreover used for heavy feeding animals such as porpoises, seals and crocodilians which has made it impos- sible to connect them with the reservoir for fear of fouling that important water supply. UOTPIT]OD AL8Y} UL JULAd AO[OO B@ WoOAy UOIZBIOOSSW UMOJUMOG 94} JO ASaJAINOD Aq paonpoadey ‘NAGUVD ATLSVO SV NMON”M NAHL ‘0981 NI DNIGTING WOIYVOAOV MYOA MAN AHL axiecghoeriakhe = a> te TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 1038 The condition of the water pumped from the Harbor has grown appreciably worse since the Zoological Society took charge of the Aquarium in 1902. It became unusually foul dur- ing the past summer and the last porpoise, which lived 21 months in the building, died from sheer filth infection. It being impossible under present conditions, to supply these large pools in any other way than from the Harbor, the filtration of the water became absolutely necessary. This matter has been con- sidered nearly every year but abandoned owing to the difficulty of finding a place in this over-crowded building to install filters of sufficient size. It was necessary to take two of the large tanks, above the pump room, used to furnish a strong head to these pools but as the pumps are always in operation it was de- cided to convert them into filters and get along with the supply furnished by the pumps alone. The new filters were put in operation on October 3 and the effect of their use has been satisfactory beyond our expecta- tions. The harbor water is now delivered to the floor pools in quite as clear condition as the stored sea water used in the glass- fronted tanks. A surprising amount of dirt is floated from the tops of the filters when they are washed twice a week. Although the dirt has certainly been taken out of this water supply, its salinity is, of course, as low as ever. It is also probable that the water still contains bacteria but this danger may perhaps be eliminated by the use of limited quantities of copper sulphate. In any event the water is entirely clear and is undoubtedly more wholesome for the occupants of the pools. The general appearance of the interior of the Aquarium building has been much improved by painting, a single coat of paint having served to freshen the surfaces of ceiling, walls and pillars. This work also included offices and the service gallery as well as the main exhibition room. White paint in the service gallery and on the facings of the skylights has had the effect of considerably improving the lighting of the exhibition tanks. A new dark room in the laboratory and two new toilet rooms recently completed, were improvements much needed. Several square yards of cracked floor tiling have been replaced to good effect. The ventilating ducts under the balconies have been extended to the full length of the balconies and the troughs of the fish hatchery have been renewed. OVAL SHIPPING TANKS OF GALVANIZED METAL No. 1 (above), 6ft.x3ft.x2ft.; No. 2, 3ft.6in.x2ft.x2ft.; No.3, 2ft.x1ft. 2in. x1ft. lin. No. 4, 3ft. x 1ft. 6in. x 1 ft. 6 in. Photograph by L. L. Mowbray. WOODEN SHIPPING TANK FOR FISHES Inside dimensions 4ft.x 2ft.2in.x2ft.5in. Capacity 156 gallons. Photograph by L. L. Mowbray. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 105 Extensions of piping from the air compressor have been installed in both salt-water filters as an aid in the weekly clean- ing of the sand beds. Installed in the bottom of each filter, these air pipes have proved most serviceable. When the sand beds of the filters are washed by reversing the flow of water, the air and water bubbling up together clean the sand decidedly better than has heretofore been possible. During the past year the shipment of tropical fishes was facilitated by the construction of large wooden tanks to be used on board steamships. They are larger than any of the expen- sive galvanized shipping tanks used heretofore and proved to be more satisfactory. There is a decided advantage in carrying each lot of fishes in as large a body of water as possible. It is believed that wooden shipping tanks will also last longer. Metal tanks are easily dented and rendered leaky by the rough handling they get on shipboard, while rust attacks them even when galvanized. On shipboard it is not always possible to have the shipping tanks carried between decks, and in the cold weather of early spring when tanks are carried on the upper deck, tropical fishes may become chilled. The wooden tanks undoubtedly keep the water warmer than it can be kept in metal tanks. This fact alone is a point de- cidedly in their favor. They are, of course, heavier and more difficult to handle, but on shipboard they can usually be hoisted by steam power. The cost of wooden tanks is less than half that of metal tanks of similar size. An automatic stereopticon installed in December has proved an attractive exhibit. It carries fifty lantern slides illustrative of aquatic life and the methods of conducting aquarium work. Visitors to the Aquarium have taken a decided interest in the splendid model of the proposed enlargement of the building. This model was moved to the Aquarium early in the year from the Museum of Natural History where it was first installed. When visitors are informed that the City is not at present disposed to undertake its construction, there are frequent ex- pressions of regret. It might be worth while to call for sub- scriptions from the public. If the public were to take an active interest by subscribing small sums, it is probable that public spirited citizens would come forward with generous donations. RED GROUPER (EPINEPHELUS MORIO) BLACK GROUPER (MYCTEROPERCA BONACI) TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 107 There has been some loss of water from the Aquarium reservoir in Battery Park. The piping system and the ex- hibition tanks have been repeatedly examined for leaks but with- out result. At times the loss has amounted to the lowering of the general water level from two to three inches a month. The reservoir may have developed a small leak as the result of the heavy subway blasting that has been going on in Battery Park for several months. The losses have been made up by additions but it is now necessary to cut off and test each of the four sections of the reservoir in turn until the leak can be located, and this is being done. SANITARY CONDITIONS. It seems desirable to refer to this matter, as there is an impression in some quarters that the Aquarium is not as well ventilated as it might be. This is in part due to the fact that the Aquarium formerly had no mechanical system of ventilation. The installation of the Sturtevant system some years ago had the result of remedying this defect to a considerable extent. In warm weather when the building is crowded with visitors the air often becomes close. Natural ventilation is almost lacking as the heavy walls of the Aquarium have few openings, and the windows of the second story are placed too high to affect the ground floor except on very windy days. It should be borne in mind that under such conditions perfect ventilation is difficult. This is due to the peculiar construction of the building. Much of the labor of the Aquarium force is directed to the work of cleaning. The floors are carefully swept each evening and are washed every morning before visitors arrive. A vacuum cleaner is kept in regular use. The service galleries behind the exhibition tanks are kept well whitewashed, and washing and painting in various parts of the building is going on almost con- tinuously. There can be little dirt in the Aquarium except what comes in various ways with the daily crowd of visitors. While there is much that contributes to the soiling of floors and painted surfaces, cleaning goes on without cessation and the Director maintains that the Aquarium is well cared for in this respect. Some extension of the mechanical ventilating system is undoubtedly desirable, but the presence of large crowds of visitors must necessarily affect the air just as it does in theatres or other crowded buildings. 108 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY IMPROVEMENT OF THE EXTERIOR OF THE BUILDING. The condition of the roof and other parts of the building in need of repair was brought to the attention of the Commis- sioner of Parks during the summer. Funds from Special Revenue bonds to the amount of $2,000.00 were secured and improvements were made under the supervision of the Park Department. These include refacing of the outer walls, repairs to the roof and strengthening of the archway of the rear entrance. The refacing of the exterior surfaces of the walls was greatly needed, much of the old brown-stone finish having peeled off. While no ordinary expenditure could make the Aquarium build- ing look like anything else than the fortification it was originally built for, the small sum spent on it has considerably improved its outside appearance. THE EXHIBITS. A census of the collections at the end of the year showed that there were in the Aquarium 3,186 fishes representing 140 different species; 95 aquatic reptiles of 23 species; 166 amphib- ians of 14 species; 3 aquatic mammals of 2 species and 2,338 invertebrates of 21 species. These figures do not include the product of the fish hatching exhibit, the young fishes being de- livered from time to time to the State fish culturist for stocking public waters. _ The quantity and variety of the exhibits as compared with those of the previous year necessarily show but little change. The Aquarium cannot increase the number of its exhibition tanks, the capacity of the building in this respect having been reached years ago. The collection of tropical fishes is large and varied. The tanks devoted to this collection are well filled and the exhibits are always attractive to the public. The collection of fresh water fishes includes most of the important species of eastern fishes. The exhibits of other kinds of aquatic life are as large as the remaining space will permit. There are at present 5,688 specimens of all kinds in the building, representing 200 species. These being crowded into about 100 exhibition tanks make addi- tions impossible. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 109 Among the larger animals on exhibition may be mentioned porpoise, sea lion, sea turtle, alligator, crocodile, sturgeon and large jewfish—but the space that can be devoted to the larger forms is limited. The conditions for keeping fishes are on the whole quite good—but the same cannot be said of aquatic mammals and reptiles which need more light than the building affords. The mechanical equipment of the Aquarium has been much improved during recent years and the condition of the living exhibits is better than ever before. This is largely due to the improvement of the water supply in general. Losses of specimens have been greatly lessened, and it is no longer necessary to do the con- stant collecting from local and tropical waters that was formerly imperative. A porpoise (Tursiops truncatus) which had lived in the Aquarium for twenty-one months, was lost August 21. The cause of its death was a filth infection due to the foul condition of the water in the large pool where it was kept. Like the other large floor pools of the Aquarium it was filled with the sewage- laden water pumped from the Harbor. The new filters which have since been installed for the pur- pose of filtering the Harbor water should protect the animal occupants of the floor pools from such dangers in future. Not only does the water flow continuously, but the pools are lowered each evening and cleaned with long-handled brushes. The water is now quite clean and clear, but its salinity remains, of course, still very low. Bacteria are doubtless still present in this water, despite its improvement by the filtering process. The Zoological Society is indebted to the generosity of Mr. Joseph Keith Nye of New Bedford, Mass., for all porpoises of the genus Tursiops presented to the Aquarium. Mr. Nye is the proprietor of the porpoise fishery at Hatteras, N. C., and has offered to donate additional specimens. With his help the por- poise exhibit will be renewed and maintained. The porpoises lost during the summer from filth infection and others from injuries received at the time they were cap- tured, were by special request presented to the Wistar Institute of Anatomy in Philadelphia and to the Biological Department of Princeton University. HAEMULON ALBUM) ( WHITE MARGATE EOMAENIS JOCU) (N , SNAPPER DOG TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT ial The large California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) con- tinues in good health. It has been in the Aquarium eight years. The young sea lions deposited by Messrs. Travilla Brothers re- main in good condition. Three new species of tropical fishes from Key West, Florida, have been discovered in the living collections of the Aquarium during the past eighteen months. One of these, a large serranid (Dermatolepis marmoratus) Osburn and Mowbray, was de- scribed in Zoologica, February 25, 1915. Another, a grunt (Haemulon crysopterum) Mowbray, was described in the Bul- letin of the Zoological Society for November, 1915. The third, an angel fish (Angelichthys townsendi), Nichols and Mowbray, was described in the Bulletin, American Museum of Natural History, October 8, 1914. A penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) from the coast of Chili was presented early in July by Mr. W. O. Swatridge of Brook- lyn. This aquatic bird was a decided attraction through the summer and autumn. It was kept in the sturgeon pool during the daytime, where it had a small raft on which to rest. At night it occupied an open pen on the gravel roof. It fed entirely on fresh fish cut in small slices, refusing all other kinds of food. It became very tame, following its keepers anywhere about the building when called. The bird appeared to be thriving and enjoying life but it died suddenly in December. A very large lobster taken by the fishing schooner Strange? from a depth of 100 fathoms on the tile fish banks was received in October. It measured thirty-eight and one-half inches from end of large biting claw to tip of tail, and weighed fifteen and three- quarter pounds, the crushing claw having been lost and replaced by a new one only five inches long. Like other specimens from deep water it did not live long in captivity. This lobster was presented to the Brooklyn Museum. Through the courtesy of the United States Bureau of Fish- eries the fish hatching exhibit at the Aquarium was kept in operation during the greater part of the year; fish eggs of several species having been furnished from government hatch- eries. The young fry were delivered to the State of New York as usual. a cal “ ed - * , , : Se 1 Mar Deut’ Bd a Ai aa e oe a ae EM aR he Sp ag ae SQUIRREL FISH (HOLOCENTRUS ASCENSIONIS) TIGER ROCKFISH MYCTEROPERCA TIGRIS) TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 113 Nearly half a million yellow perch fry were deposited by employees of the Aquarium in the upper waters of Bronx River and in the larger park lakes of New York and Brooklyn. The eggs of yellow perch are easily hatched at the Aquarium and are obtainable in considerable quantities from certain localities in Long Island and elsewhere. By a special arrangement with the aquariums in Philadel- phia and Boston, 600 fishes were brought from Key West, Flor- ida, 200 specimens being allotted to each institution. The New York Aquarium undertook the work of securing the collection, the expenses being paid by the other aquariums. Several large Jewfishes brought from Florida in 1911 are still living and in good condition. These with other large species make an exceptionally interesting exhibit in one of the large floor pools and they should continue to thrive as all the floor pools are now receiving clean water from the new filters. The larger jewfishes in the pool vary in weight from 150 to 300 pounds. Among the interesting arrivals at the Aquarium in Decem- ber were specimens of the large Shasta salamander (Auwtodax iecanus Cope), from Shasta County, California. They were ob- tained by Mr. G. H. Lambson, Superintendent of the U. S. Fisheries Station on the McCloud River, and the species is known as yet from this locality only. The writer had collected speci- mens near the fishery station many years ago and requested Mr. Lambson to send living examples. These were packed in damp moss, together with several red-bellied salamanders (Diemycty- lus torosus), all arriving in good condition. Next in importance to the porpoises presented by Mr. Nye, are the frequent donations of fish eggs by the United States Bureau of Fisheries, already referred to. Mr. Emil Gottsleben of Nassau, Bahamas, presented a tor- toise shell turtle. Mr. Frederick Bishop, President of the Iron Steamboat Company, presented a mounted specimen of the common black- fish weighing fourteen pounds. The New Jersey Fish Commission presented 173 specimens of native fishes of nine different species. Exchanges of specimens were made with the Fairmount Park Aquarium in Philadelphia. 114 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY ‘The Director and Curators of the Aquarium have for some time entertained the opinion that the methods of feeding fishes should be modified. Among those lost from time to time were specimens which dissection showed to be excessively fat. It was known from the work of Dr. MacCallum, Pathologist to the Aquarium, that the principal losses were due to parasites —but overfeeding might be causing losses that could be pre- vented. It has always been the practice at the Aquarium to feed freely every day and it was decided to experiment for a time with feeding on alternate days only, yet allowing as much food to each tank as its occupants would consume. The results of this method of feeding after several months trial were found to be satisfactory. The health of the fishes was apparently better, while the saving in cost and especially in the labor of preparing food was materially lessened. Fishes in captivity have rather limited space for exercise, and some species still remain unnecessarily fat. Continued ex- periment may show that the food allowance could be further re- duced with beneficial results. A complete list of gifts to the Aquarium will be found else- where in this report. The tropical fishes figured in this report, black grouper, red grouper, dog snapper, white margate, tiger rockfish and squirrel fish, are species which have long been exhibited at the Aquarium. They belong to the Florida and West Indies region, where they are regarded as excellent food fishes. The black grouper reaches a weight of 50 pounds. The red grouper grows even larger, and sometimes ranges north as far as Virginia. In the Aquarium it is much given to changing its markings and coloration which it often does instantly. The dog snapper is a fish of moderate size, and in Cuba is known as “jocu.” The white margate is found from Florida to Brazil and is well known in West Indian markets. Specimens of the tiger rockfish two feet long have been received, but, like some other species of groupers, it probably reaches a much larger size in deep water. The squirrel fish is a well-known food fish, and is celebrated for its brilliant red coloration. It is known to reach a length of two feet. All of these species thrive in captivity. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT jo 5s ATTENDANCE. For the first time in many years the Aquarium has suffered a serious decrease in the number of visitors. There was a slight decrease in 1914 but the attendance did not fall below the two- million mark which was passed in 1906. The falling off in visit- ors in 1914 was attributed to conditions resulting from the war in Europe. After the commencement of the war there was a general decrease in transatlantic steamship travel and in immigration, both of which served to limit the number of persons annually passing through New York City. These conditions continue. The twelve months of war of 1915 as compared with five months in 1914 produced a still more marked effect. Immigration from Europe has nearly ceased, and the legion of tourists going abroad has been reduced to a small remnant. The attendance for 1915 was 1,538,831, a decrease of 490,- 76 as compared with 1914. The daily average of visitors was AALS. TABLE OF ATTENDANCE. January Visitors... 86,379 Daily average.......... 2,786 February ae wba 100,034 s pore) Zone 3,072 March ea eee 110,055 oe ae ets 3,550 April apa ese 133,119 eo ef 4,437 May cites et elie 181,998 s as alerts 5,870 June Se ete AN 152,699 oe ug earns 5,089 July Phi eee 178,260 ry Se ee 5,750 August eae ee 163,517 Gr nee 5,274 September pies Ses 140,615 s SOs Saoet ee 4,687 October as Mee Seer a ae 20 a8 Eee 3,940 November ces A 104,537 es po” graeme 3,484 December Bao hie. Seow: 65,448 4 ee fe owe rad tall) Total Pe ees 1,538,831 DS aicele 4,215 AN OUTSIDE PUMPING PLANT. As there appears to be little prospect of a larger building for the Aquarium within a reasonable number of years, it seems desirable to reconsider the plan for an outside machinery plant to gain space for exhibits. The space occupied by the boiler DOUBLE SERIES OF DISTRIBUTING TANKS. By the removal of this and other mechanical equipment to an ouside building, much exhibition space could be gained. (Bi . 3 _ kcees nace cencee ote Pe *Pension Fund Income Account .. Engineering expenses Insurance Carnegie Pension Fund 66.25 Miscellaneous expenses 9,259.16 38,881.95 Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1915: Available for expen ditun es ccm co: OilG sees eee $19,489.57 Received from Sustaining Memberships in advance nico) ogame 0 Uy a 8 ko ieee eer eee, eae Sa eee eae eee Rete 80.00 Received on account of subscriptions to Oil Paintings of American Wild Game for 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919 3,770.65 Investments: $5,000 New York, Lackawanna & Western Terminal 4% Bonds (one bond sold during year for $990) $ 4,950.00 $28,290.22 $67,172.17 H. R. Mirenett, Percy R. Pyne, Chief Clerk. Treasurer. January 1, 1916. Maintenance Fund ZOOLOGICAL PARK Schedule 2. RECEIPTS. Received from the City on account of Park Maintenance Appropriation of $200,000.00 for the year. $176,146.83 Due from the City on account of Park Maintenance Ap- POE OP ULEA THOM te ease eee ead eee ee 23,853.17 $200,000.00 EXPENDITURES. Maintenance of buildings and care of collections... $ 57,951.93 Maintenance sand (care sos 2 OUICS me een ee seer eee 52,828.43 General, administration 222s), 3. ee ee eee 19,470.92 Food for animals. ............ . 40,555.11 eons eee oe See ee ee Ree ae Seen Ne 9,379.51 MARTIN a Alea em akin 00 0h Sea aan ae Vee SE DEF SEIN Ge re 1,757.89 Jeahingey (one 1evonncyess davol exelent ee arse ere 1,510.01 Uniformspand badivesys Se ee eee 1,419.24 Mools’ Vance chim er ye eee eee 1,403.48 HE CUNT @oIS CT VLCC erre aa ee eee 1,361.29 Paints “andscoil sie ee ie oe ee cc nO ee 1,321.26 Miscellaneoussupplies 2... ee eee 1,144.49 IMiiscelllame ose unm atte reall Spee eee ee 924.65 Office, SUpplics)=-si4 = ee eee 890.04 Plumbing materials: 781.18 Telephone service... 768.27 Miscellaneous equipment) ==. eee ee eee 665.02 Gteell ‘and: trom te eee a ee eee 654.50 OT AC FONE Te er ace ea er a $194,787.22 *Shortage of $250.00 in Society’s payment to pension fund for the year added in 1916. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 27 Brought forward 0. $194,787.22 TENA ONESY ASU OY OUNCE cee ares aS AOI ee re 7 ae 565.06 Sabronen ye AG ep TUNG lino eye cca) Seon re uke or eee eyes 190.83 Fuel oil and gasolene —. Bae lee oe ees ete ee SEN 383.20 Wisimfectanitsmese se eee tes Eee avert tel Ae DE A 349.15 TBoltig, mens eaynel “lech ieee se ee rat 345.44 Lape] OMRER EYES — GOV Le COLMA ere ss ee 316.85 Cmcemnrenibure cand, fixtures +. ee ee 308.89 UG AUOIAS? CSO NUI O RAEN eee eee een ek ere i ee - 296.30 GamGl,. @eameme @incl: lee ee * 208.35 UD WerenOSe ee Uae abate ae RS aloo taney SEER 193.50 iencinesrandmetbingy yee Piss 2 a ™ gad ince 191.19 Sanitary SeEyiCene = Cot ea ee a 178.00 Apparatus and machinery ‘repairs. Seeted : 169.23 TORUNGHS ayn TORSO NCH OES ree eft 162.01 Nursery stock and seed$... cco eee 13145 Electrical materials ee ede een: 125.85 Iculbricating, oillss Se ee eee ne ete 91.17 Painters’ equipment... gag ce ie ie ey ee eae kat eee ee 86.84 Noscellameoussrepalrs 2-2 78.28 Glaziers’ supplies 000... Sia 75.50 vant orale els! cee Roe er ee eee ee at eel 74.00 Welesraph; cable and messenger services... 68.86 Vlas Swain Get © Ores COVE TINGS eae are eee ee Eat 65.65 GASES Clavel CC en ere ete re ee rer ee te ae ee yes 41.12 Medical attendance (employees) 4.0.00 INADIRSSIAY SUD OUNGS ese eteeeeree 29.20 DOGS > a a ee ee lee fee eh, RE eee ee E 26.10 Surgical instruments ....... petal Umer 25.60 licinessman Gm vehicle rep als eee eee ee ere 24.90 Medical and surgical supplies... Bethea eee rater eal eters 21.86 Awnings and shades... eee ee elie beat Be 21.25 Engimeering supplies —2 20.15 HESFUIRIN ACC Gest: © fp) UT Se ene er eee ee re Sh) Pr 6.00 Miscellaneous expenses | eed CEMA SD RMIT ee ane cg 1.00 $200,000.00 H. R. Mire ern. Percy R. Pyne, Chief Clerk. Treasurer. January 11, 1916. Ground Improvement Fund Schedule 3. Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914: Consi:uctionvofeliospital Building $ 7,518.32 Erection and Equipment of Power Plant and Work SCS ee er et ae a ee ee 91.19 Construction of Fences and Other Permanent Im- PDTOV EWING TNCS oes ee se eco 34.40 Miscellaneous items to be rescinded by the City... 19.52 7,663.43 By reduction in contracts: Erection of New Zebra House.........--....p 80.00 Raviliom-east of Bronx River. 50.40 130.40 By balance in Zebra House Yards appropriation... 518.32 648.72 $8,312. 15 128 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Balances rescinded by the City: rection, of New Zebra House $ 70.00 Zebra House Yards 518.32 Developments East of Bronx River_. AO Miscellaneous items): 3 = ee 19.52 608.24 Transferred to New Hospital appropriation... 7,518.32 EXPENDITURES. By the Zoological Society: Construction of Fences and Other Permanent Im- provements: Miscellaneous) =2.--0= 28 ees ee ee eee $ 17.50 By the Zoological Society Through Park Department: Construction of Fences and Other Permanent Im- provements: Miscellaneous Fae hake 2 eee ae RY 13.00 Developments, East of Bronx River: Pavilion east of Bronx River] = = 50.00 $0.50 Balance available for expenditure, December 31, 1915: Erection and Equipment of Power Plant and Work Hops. kes PA ee ee $ 91.19 Cosstenction of Fences and Other Permanent Im- PLOVEUI CDS pe ee 3.90 Erection of New Zebra, louse 10.00 105.09 $8,312.15 1915 GROUND IMPROVEMENT ACCOUNTS. Construction of Hospital Building: Abremivsieresol aikoyre: IIIS Geeeo ioe se $ 7,518.32 Appropriation available in January, MATS Noles Serres 15,000.00 $22,518.32 EXPENDITURES. Contract H. H. Vought & Co., Hospital Bldg... $15,696.00 Contract Jos. B. Brady, Drainage and Water Supply System) 800.00 Contract J. Levins, Hot Water Heating Plant... eee eS oiE OO 17,833.00 By the Zoological SOCILY: ee ee ee 892.16 ae i Through Park Dinkcaaiiieuces aes 90.26 Balance available December 31, 1915... ; aii 3,702.90 $22,518.32 Steel Fence on 180th Street, East of Bronx River: Appropriation available in January, 1915.00.00. No expenditures. Transferred to “Constructing Sliding Door and Reinforc- ing Elephant House Pence? 20 es a Construction Sliding Door and Reinforcing Elephant House Fence: Appropriation available in April, 1915... $ 1,125.00 $ 1,125.00 $ 1,125.00 TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 129 EXPENDITURES. By the Zoologecal Society oe cccccccecccece cnn So ee $ 693.20 et 4 He Through Park Department... 320.66 1,013.86 Balance available, December 31, 1915 ..ccc.cccccccsccccccsssccccseeenceeeeen a2, 111.14 $ 1,125.00 Six New Drinking Fountains: Appropriations available in January, 1915.00... $ 600.00 EXPENDITURES. Uy mUREPZCOLOGUCOUNS,OClCLY) ean a een ee . § 336.48 So Bend os sé Through Park Department... 263.52 $ 600.00 New Paint and Oil Storage Shed: Appropriation available in January, 1915.00.00. $ 300.00 (iroweheekar ke Depart eis eee eee $ 156.25 iBalancesavallable) December ol, 19152 = ee 143.75 $ 300.00 Poultry Breeding House: Appropriation available in January, 1915.00... $ 1,400.00 EXPENDITURES. By EWEN ZO OVO GUCOL SO CUCE Grae ance eer $ 659.22 ase ares ss ss Through Park Department... 740.15 1,399.37 Balancevavailable, December oly; 10s = .63 $1,400.00 Paving Bottom of Duck Pond: Appropriation available in November, 1915.00.00... $ 3,000.00 EXPENDITURES. By the Zoological SOC Y eee neennenneeneeceereeeeeeentncenncernerenerneneenenenes $ 940.34 Balance available, December 31, 1915.02 2,059.66 $ 3,000.00 H. R. Mrrcuext, Percy R. Pyne, Chief Clerk. Treasurer. January 1, 1916. 130 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Animal Fund Schedule 4. Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914: Cash. in 2 Barike 2 ee rea eer en, See et ee $10,414.12 Cash: on shand! 3:25 ae eee eee ee 100.00 $10,514.12 RECEIPTS. | Special Subscriptions: ANS Se eDiVa TNO Te eas eee $500.00 Grant 3.45 chl €yz se ee ee 500.00 SHdwasSs) Harkness see eee ee 250.00 1,250.00 Receipts from Park: (Che Ckain gies ee ee ee ee $ 38.65 Miscellaneous © 2222-2 ee a ee 65.25 SA] ey osha oN ern i rn ea Serer 1,559.70 Privilege Account, on account of 1915 re- CONUS Ue ee ee ee eee ee eee 5,000.00 $ 6,663.60 7,913.60 *For purchase of animals during 1916. $18,427.72 EXPENDITURES. Dieu rea Spaces cr ocr ee ee eee ee nee $ 4,270.60 Birds . 5,048.42 Reptiles . 1,108.29 Insect (Collectiomices as tre ene ey cee ee ar eee Soon ete ee 125.27 10,552.53 Expresssand other (changesss ss assent ne eee ee $ 1,213.42 Mreavellino wand eothermexpenses es =e 1,463.41 2,676.83 Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1915: Carshissins IB air kee ae ea epee a cree ere oe eee .. § 5,098.31 aig Fig Orne, et LS es a ta ee ee ee 100.00 5,198.31 $18,427.72 H. R. Mrrenett, Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne, Treasurer. January 1, 1916. Stokes’ Bird Fund Schedule 5. Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914: Gashis itis) alco oe ae nee ee ee ee S$ 134.69 Investment: $5,000 Illinois Central Railway 4% Gold BR OTS a a a ee a 5.056.46 5,191.15 RECEIPTS. Interest OM WOVE S Lime Dee ee $ 200.00 $5,391.15 EXPENDITURES. | BNO KOVAV COPE ovine O le I te ce re gee $ 54.90 IVS eed OS OI) CIS CS eee 2.50 57.40 Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1915: Gaishisim' Waimea ee ee er $ 277.29 Investment: $5,000 Illinois Central Railway 4% Gold Bonds! <2 ee ee 5,056.46 Byes raf) $5,391.15 H. R. Mirenerzt, Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne, Treasurer. January 1, 1916. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT ou: National Collection of firads and Gorus Schedule 6. Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914. $ 280.27 RECEIPTS. Special Subscriptions: UOIOHY. Vic bead EA ahs ees cee eee ee i ree er a NINO) Ff TAT ed for SE a et eaten eee NN ee ee eee ee Ae 15.00 65.00 Incomes Nccounts (transiem)) =e eee eee 1,000.00 $ 1,345.27 TM eC Seen lee Fel) 10 Sy mere oie ee ee | a Express and other charges Miscellaneous @Xpenses eeccccccccccceen So ee eee Oh ee 163.38 1,024.91 Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1915.0 320.36 $ 1,345.27 H. R. MrrcuHett1, ’ Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne, January 1, 1916. Treasurer. Library Hund Schedule 7. Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914.0. $ 146.57 RECEIPTS, VWinwerosma yes ACEC THANE (Tete ONSEN) eee ee es 500.00 $ 646.57 EXPENDITURES. SP scrip MOMs LO PEhOUICAS # ere. ere eee $ 84.19 VBMOLOUESSI, “TEKzwrnNy 0 UGA LMC ee ree etre re eee 352.26 JBSGEIRESS CUTIE Cn eee 15.44 Vins Cell ae OLS eX TO CIS CS ete ene care ee eee 100.00 551.89 Deere ee A senses 94.68 $ 646.57 Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1915 H. R. MircH ett, Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne, January 1, 1916. Treasurer. iy NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Maintenance Hind AQUARIUM Schedule 8. RECEIPTS. Received from the City on account of Aquarium Mainte- nance Appropriation of $47,000.00 for the yeav.............. $39,096.91 Due from the City on account of Aquarium Maintenance A PPTOP TIVO M2 age eee eee eee 7,894.75 Wnexpendedsbalan cesses eee ae Sadat < Gol ie 8.34 $47,000.00 EXPENDITURES. Po Ez HUET cach etic reg ne paee ete Welee pera gey paren Ma chown eA A $32,295.87 Fish food ......... Ee PE ATE TT MR A EG Se 2,096.35 Fuel supplies ... es 4459.11 Office) Sp OLS ee re ee 185.26 Laundry, cleaning and disinfecting supplies 0. Onanes Refrigerating supplies 109.93 General plant supplies . 4.23.78 Office Se qe Mit yee ee ee eee ee 57.00 General * plants equity Cite 2,257.74 General plant materials Repairs es ee Se Wi@btin ge es fe eee Expressage Telephone ....... Contingencies .......... Wearing apparel ..... Wimexqoe md Gd eal lei epee ee 8.34 $47,000.00 RoBert SUTCLIFFE, Clerk. Prency R. Pyne, January 27, 1916. Treasurer. New Building Fund AQUARIUM Schedule 8-A. Corporate Stock C. D. P. No. 92. Construction of Foundations and Wall of Wings, New York Aquarium, Battery Park. JBMEMENOVerS: Cola Invanavel BIG) [oXeIe WAKE TKS OONING ene rs reer EXPENDITURES. Roine & Weil, moving model of new building from the American Museum of Natural History to Aquarium —. 2. Morris Mayer, Bookkeeper, Department of Parks, Manhattan and Richmond. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 133 Endowment Fund Schedule 9. Funds as of December 31, 1914: Cachising Baur ea ee a eee ere teas ee Se tr $ 264.05 MVESEMENIES pa be COSC te een ee et, ae A Pie ee No, 323,698.75 $323,962.80 RECEIPTS. Endowment Fund: Estate of Mrs. Morris K. Jesse MN oe oe See es $13,750.00 Estate of Jacob Langeloth . See een ke gochett ame) 0) 0/0 (00) 14,750.00 MPU emm VET EL SEN Se eee: Bene wr ce eae ea pence ei oe ee 1,600.00 $340,312.80 Investments as of December 31, 1915, at cost: $20,000 Westchester Racing Association 5% First Mort- DA CELI OMS een ee eat ee cue ee ee $ 20,000.00 3,000 Second Mortgage, Clara N. Gibert and_ others, 6% over land and buildings, Broadway and MiG S Gree takes tee om ee I ne i earn ete 3,000.00 5,000 Colorado & Southern 4% Bonds Sige Se 4,750.00 5,000 Michigan-Central R. R. Co. 4% Bonds occ 4,950.00 10,000 New York City 1957 4% Corporate Stock... 9,925.00 10,000 New York City 1957 4% Corporate Stockk.......0.0...... 9,962.50 20,000 New York City 1958 4% Corporate Stock................... 19,875.00 10,000 New York City 1958 4% Corporate Stock... 9,962.50 13,400 New York City 1965 414% Corporate Stoclk......... 13,651.25 10,000 St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba 4% Bonds... 9,800.00 50,000 U. S. Steel Sinxing Fund 5% Bonds... 51,812.50 50,000 American Telephone & Telegraph 4% Bonds.......... 45,000.00 25,000 Rhode Island Suburban Ry. Co. 4% Bonds.............. 21,250.00 20,000 Chicago & Northwestern Ry. Co. General Mort- AS An 7G ys OM Cie ae ee Oe eee ee 19,750.00 20,000 Vandalia Railroad Co. Consolidated Mortgage ANGE ZEAIS OIL CLS patie oe ate eee a Rr lh RA err, WP eae 19,400.00 5,000 Missouri & Illinois Bridge & Belt R. R. Co. Ist IW eV SS AIS | NBYONO GIS) 2S ec eacertrrereree rere 5,000.00 10,000 Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound, Ist Mortgage LMCI ol BVO) OVO Neh hapaan tate Pee Reon reeds Weeklies tert SE 9,525.00 12,000 Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound Ist Mortgage HOES LENG} IYO Whe etn Beet ot ee ee EE ce eee ee a 11,250.00 5,000 New York, Lackawanna & Western 4% Ter- minal elmiprovenventyS On Sine eee ee 4,950.00 20,000 Milwaukee, Sparta & Northwestern Ist Mortgage NGG in at BXO) 0X0 Ieee caren ais NA ge ier ULI er Red aOR, eS 18,900.00 25,000 New York & Westchester Lighting Company Gen- eral Mortgage 4% Gold Coupon Bonds .................. 19,750.00 1,000 Morris & Essex R. R. 3% % Bond eeccccececccencseceneeneen 876.25 5,000 Illinois Central and Chicago, St. Louis & New Or- leans joint 5% Bonds ........W0.. eee 00000 S35.540:00 Wninvestedabalances. December Sly, 1 Ooo eee eee ee 1,972.80 $340,312.80 H. R. MrrcH ett, Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne, January 1, 1916. Treasurer. 134 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Endowment Fund Jucome Account Schedule 10. Wnexpended) balance=as of Decemberss il G1Age ee $ 6,206.32 RECEIPTS. Interest collected from Endowment Fund Investments... 14,706.50 $20,912.82 EXPENDITURES. Accrued santerest onsbonds abatime tof purchase ee eee $ 73.70 Transferred. toincome: Account = ee eee 20,839.12 $20, 912.82 H. R. MircH ett, Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne, January 1, 1916. Treasurer. Cadwalader Animal Fund Schedule IT. Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914: Cash in pa SS a a eee $ 188.89 Investment: $20,000 (at par) Illinois Central and Chi- cago, St. Louis & New Orleans joint 5% Bonds.. 20,000.00 $ 20,188.89 RECEIPTS. Interestcon investment. 2-62 ee ee ee ee 1,000.00 $21,188.89 EXPENDITURES. Purchase of animals ............. Yee eee 400.00 Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1915: Investment: $20,000 (at par) Illinois Central and Chi- cago, St. Louis & New Orleans joint 5% Bonds... $20,000.90 Gashcin® banks eee 2 ree cere es othe eee ae 788.89 20,788.89 $21,188.89 H. R. MircHe:t, Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne, January 1, 1916. Treasurer. Wild Life Fund Schedule 12. Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914 ne $ 517.45 RECEIPTS. Sale.of SOur Vanishing Wild bifes See TI a 198.75 $716.20 EXPENDITURES. Telegraph and express = Miscellaneous expenses ....... soe ae 67.56 Unexpended balance as of December 31, S915 cise ok oe 648.64 $716.20 H. R. Mircue.., Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne, January 1, 1916. Treasurer. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 135 Improvement and Repair Account Schedule 13. Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914 . ie or tier tee econ, bi UP RECEIPTS. Gate Receipts =.= SS cot hed eevee Ae ae Wek, Oe ROR SR $9,588.65 IMGIG@SINENNEOUS TRACE OS | cece eee receree ee asa te ec oreee 80.38 9,669.03 $10,938.22 Warge bird house repairs 222. 490.74 1D) Cote AMO: G eee eee ee 7 233.92 LENCE “(CICA eater SOR Or aa ate tite Veet Nee atts he re ek 66.93 Sere ANTE SoH US pete eee ae eee ees 59.33 Viale; @ 70 CUT: Sees eres 3,720.89 Flying cage re a eee eae 366.87 FAC auin ee Pals) ae eee Re ethers ee ee LOG 4I50 Guard rails 28.05 Wionthouses === = et oes ae 29.96 Miscellaneous id 488.83 etaimmienwallfineservi Cen yan Cees ee ee 396.84 GOS CRAVED Vag ate ats oN ee a cae ye 519.30 Repairing entrances . i 324.30 Pheasant aviary 2. a 684.86 Mountain sheep hill 3 52.08 Mammal house repairs... SN Ree ee eee GS ee ea 138.43 Restaurant epalts, 2 E 55.00 Repairs to deer and buffalo barns f 365.03 PNG MALICE DIRS HOUSE: Te PalES) 22.20 cont oon ee 90.00 9,175.86 Wnexpended balance asof December 31, 1915 22k 1,762.36 $10,938.22 H. R. MircuHet., Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne, January 1, 1916. Treasurer. Carnegiv Pension Find Schedule 14. Funds as of December 31, 1914: (Gey a thm seni ey Pa as ee ee eee $ 746.14 Imwestments ataCOSt) sr ee 99.94.8275) 89 99:996:89 Adjustment of interest on bonds at time Osis PUT: CIN GUS C terrae eee ree eee 3.11 $100,000.00 RECEIPTS. Contribution from New York Zoological Society... : 66.25 ING Smasmaltee DE Cena ete)l seal Ol ts eee etn ee ee $100, 066. 25 Investments at cost: $25,000 Philadelphia & Baltimore Ist Mortgage 4% Gold EOIN GES ee pean karte ee ret etree eta 23,250.00 25,000 Lehigh Coal & Navigation 4% oe Bonds .... . 24,875.00 25,000 Illinois Central 4% Bonds ........ ee 25106 2-50 (ONC N;UE Can i OT AIG; acres eae me oe Ie ee ae erento: _ $71, 187 50 156 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Brought forward. 22 ee ee ee a ee ne ee $71,187.50 5000 SMornisncaelissexeo > 96 eb On Sa eee 4,373.75 25,000 Chicago & Northwestern 4% Bonds WW... 23,687.50 15000) Michigan’ Central’ 342.% Bond 817.50 $100,066.25 H. R. MircHett, Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne, January 1, 1916. Treasurer. RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES OF THE Pension Fund IJucome Account Schedule 15. Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914: Deposited with Farmers’ Loan & Trust Co... $ 3,639.95 Deposited with Corn Exchange Bank (Bronx) .............. 540.32 $ 4,180.27 RECEIPTS. Interestvony bank balances) 2 = See ee ee ee 63.78 interest wonmbondminy.estments es ee eee 362.50 Dues collected from Zoological Society Employees 3,172.18 Contributed by New York Zoological Society: Interest on Carnegie Pension Fund Investments... $ 4,335.00 Ging, Teeyaante nis, yycene TIDUS: a ra 3,415.00 *7,750.00 $15,528.73 EXPENDITURES. Refund of dues with accrued interest to resigning mem- bers), Avett snc: sa Bo nk ee ee $ 89.82 Clerical” Services! "22 Se a ee ee 250.00 Physical examinations (made by Dr. G. J. Van der Smissen)) 22 5.2 a ee ee ee 19.00 John J; De Nyse; firs pension) payments ee 30.00 $ 388.82 Investments at cost: $5,000 New York City 4%4% Bonds... $5,093.75 $5,000 Illinois Central and Chicago. St. Louis & New Orleans Ry. joint 5% Bonds... 4,981.25 10,075.00 Accrued interest on above bonds when purchased _. 96.46 10,171.46 Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1915: Deposited with Farmers’ Loan & Trust Co... $ 4,595.77 Deposited with Corn Exchange Bank (Bronx)... 372.68 4,968.45 $15,528.73 H. R. Mrrcuery, Asst. to Treas. Percy R. Pyne, January 1, 1916. Treasurer. *Balance of $250.00 due from the Zoological Society on 1915 account to be contributed early in 1916. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT le 37 Cropical Research Find Schedule 16. RECEIPTS. Special Subscriptions: UATING Simei Led a Nios ome EA Perse ke Se $ 1,000.00 Clevelandigil) (Dod geste ee ee 1,000.00 Caltedyarde Blain = ae ee ne eee eee) 0200 Morbineryls. SChifi ..<-- ee ee OOOL00 Geor we Jee GOUld sere Ae eae See Aa 1,000.00 $ 5,000.00 Wnexpended balance as of December 31, 191522 =. _.. $ 5,000.00 H. R. MrrcuHe.., Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne, January 1, 1916. Treasurer. MARWICK, MITCHELL, PEAT & CO. CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS 27 WALL STREET NEW YORK Auditors’ Certificate We have audited the books and accounts of the New York Zoological So- ciety and of the “Carnegie Pension Fund” for the year ended December 31, 1915, and certify that the foregoing Schedules “1” to “16” of cash receipts and expenditures are in accordance with the books. and correctly record the trans- actions relating to the Funds of the Society and the “Carnegie Pension Fund’ for the year 1915, and the condition of the yarious Funds as at December 31, 1915. The subscriptions, donations, and dues reported as received, and -the in- come from investments, have been properly accounted for, and the securities and cash in bank and on hand at December 31, 1915, as shown in the accounis of the Funds presented herewith. have been duly checked and found in order. Schedules “3” and “8-A” include expenditures amounting to $1,633.84, $17,- 833.00 and $100.00 made through the Park Department of the City of New York, and amounts aggregating $608.24 rescinded by the Board of Estimate and Ap- portionment of the City of New York, none of which has been verified by us, but we have incorporated them in the statements submitted, so that these may be complete. Marwick, Mirrcnerzt, Pear & Co. Chartered Accountants. 79 Wall Street. New York, February 19, 1916. Report of the Auditing Committee OF THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY New York, March 6, 1916. To The President and Board of Managers Of The New York Zoological Society: Dear Sirs:— We beg to report we have examined the annual audit of the books and accounts of the New York Zoological Society for the year ending December 31, 1915, as made by Messrs. Marwick, Mitchell, Peat & Company, Chartered Ac- countants, and herewith submit the same to you as a complete and satisfactory audit of said books and accounts, including the Carnegie Pension Fund and the Pension Fund Income Account, all expenditures and receipts of the various ac- counts being clearly set forth, and it appearing that the cash on hand and at the various depositories has been verified and found correct, and all securities in which the funds of the Society are invested have been examined and found as reported. Expenditures made through the Park Department of the City of New York have not been verified by this audit as such moneys have not passed through the hands of this Society, but are in due course checked and verified by the Comptroller of the City. Respectfully submitted, Wirtiam Wuitr Nites, Chairman. LisPENARD STEWART, H. Casmir peERuaAm. List of Accessinus, 1915 BY THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY AT THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK. BY GIFT. Apams, B. F., Jacksonville, Fla.: Lubber Grasshoppers (17 specimens). ALLEN, Bensamin K., Saybrook, Conn.: Bald Eagle. Awnopruss, Leon M., Tarrytown, N. Y.: Red Tailed Hawk. Austin, E. H., Gaylordsville, Conn.: Wood ‘Tortoises (2 specimens). Bacon, Mrs., Millbrook, N. J.: White Faced Sapajou Monkey. Baxer, Mrs. W. H., New York City: Black and Yellow Tegu. Bari, Witt1am, New York City: Alligator. Barnes, Rev. Oris T., Chappaqua, N. Y.: Red Tailed Hawk. Bason, Mrs. E., New York City: Alligator. Baumann, CuHaries, New York City: Hognosed Snake, Garter Snake. Brecutet, W. A., New York City: European Siskin. Bewt, E. L., Flushing, N. Y.: 46 Garter Snakes, 8 DeKay Snakes, 12 Black Snakes, 9 Water Snakes, 2 Blowing Adders, 11 Ribbon Snakes, 122 Promethia Cocoons, 1 Painted Turtle, 5 Rattlesnakes, 1 Snapping Turtle, 1 Ring Necked Snake, 2 Milk Snakes, 6 Bag Worms, 102 Cecropia Cocoons, 39 Red Newts, 1 Slimy Salamander, 1 Marbled Salamander. Total, 369 specimens. Bengamin. Erick, New York City: 3 Pine Snakes, 1 Chicken Snake, 1 King Snake. Total, 5 specimens. Bennett, Miss Maser, New York City: Raccoon Brerstapt, E. H., New York City: Santo Domingo Amazon. Bircwatt, Mrs. F. T., New York City: Indian Ring-Necked Parakeet. Birzer, Orro G., New York City: Alligator. Brackman, Mrs. O., East Orange, N. J.: Raccoons (2 specimens). Bors, Frank C., New York City: Fence Swift. Bocartr, Cuaries N., Binghamton, N. Y.: Macaque Monkey. Borven, Leru A., Fall River, Mass.: 2 Fish Crows, 1 Red Shouldered Hawk. Borovucu or Bermar, N. J.: Mute Swans (2 specimens). Bowker, Mrs. A. F., New York City: Mexican Conure. Brapy, Watrrer, New York City: Duck Owl. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 141 Brazit, Dr. Vrrar, San Paulo, Brazil: 1 Brazilian Whip Snake, 2 Marssuxanas, 1 Brazilian Fer de Lance, 1 Flat- Necked Snake, 1 Neuwied’s Lance Head, 1 Boulenger’s Lance-Headed Snake, 1 Jararaca, 2 Lance-Heads, 2 South American Rattlesnakes. Total, 12 specimens. Brickner, Mrs. N., New York City: Alligator. Brock, Mrs. N., Mt. Vernon, N. Y.: Alligator. Brookiyn Insvr. or Arts anp Scrences, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Texas Armadillos (2 specimens). Brown, R. E., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Yellow Naped Amazon. Bucxssaum, F. H., New York City: Parula Warbler. Burke, Miss Bitztiz, New York City: Mangabey Monkey. Byones, Mrs. JoHN Mactay, Paterson, N. J.: Marmoset. CaHALAN, EvizapetH Mart Annadale, N. Y.: Great Horned Owl. CALEINN, Jr., Loyvp A., White Plains, N. Y.: Alligators (2 specimens). Catuster, J. H., Brooklyn, N. Y.: American Bittern. Carey, Wittrtam, New York City: American Merganser. Carson, Master Rospert, Somerville, N. J.: Kinajou. CaTTELL, Owen, Garrison, N. Y.: Raccoon, Skunk. Cuapwicx, M. J., New York City: Canaries (2 specimens). CuHapin, Mrs. E. N., New York City: 15 Canaries, 1 Strawberry Finch, 4 Grassfinches, 10 Zebra Finches, 1 Gold- finch, 1 Red-Billed Hill-Tit, 2 Green Singing Finches, 6 Cutthroat Finches, 2 Spice Mannikins, 1 Napoleon Weaver, 1 Chopfinch, 1 African Silver-Bill, 1 Madagascar Weaver, 1 Red-Billed Weaver, 1 Gray Java Sparrow, 1 Bengalee, 1 Linnet, 1 Golden-Breasted Bunting, 1 Niger Black-Headed Weaver, 1 Striped Masked Weaver. ‘Total, 53 specimens. Cuapman, Mrs. E. F., New York City: 1 White Java Sparrow, 1 Undulated Grass Parakeet, 1 Green Grass Para- keet, 2 Strawberry Finches. Total, 5 specimens. CueEresMan, M. R., Murray, Utah: Valley Quail (10 specimens). Crip, Miss R. A., New Canaan, Conn.: Linnet. Crarx, C. H., Yorktown Heights, N. Y.: American Crows (3 specimens). Curose, Mrs. Geo. Lyrron, Mount Vernon, N. Y.: Opossum. Coss, Mrs. E. C., New York City: Alligator. Corts, A. M., A. E. Collins Mfg. Co., Phila. (on behalf of the Day So. Am. Expedition) : 3 Black Marmosets, 1 Common Marmoset, 1 Saki Monkey, 2 Black Capuchin Monkeys, 1 Pair of Red Coati Mundis, 1 Golden Agouti. Total, 10 specimens. cA? NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Conservation Commisston, Albany, N. Y.: Northern Coon. Cornisu, C. D., New York City: Raccoon. Cortez, Mrs. J., Cornwall, N. J.: Canary. Cron, Ratpu Epwarv, New York City: Raccoon. Currrer, N. M., Port Lemon, Costa Rica: 3 Red Blue Macaws, 1 Yellow-Naped Amazon, 1 Yellow-Headed Amazon, 1 Yellow-Cheeked Amazon, 1 Globose Curassow. ‘Total, 7 specimens. Czarnecki, Gapriet, New York City: Kinkajou. Day, Lee Garnerr, New York City (on behalf of Collins-Day South American Expedition) : 3 Black Marmosets, 1 Common Marmoset, 1 Saki Monkey, 2 Black Capuchin Monkeys, 1 Pair Red Coati Mundis, 1 Golden Agouti. ‘Total, 9 specimens. Denzter, C., New York City: Snapping Turtle. Deyerserc, Frep, New York City: Blue-Fronted Amazon Parrot. Disanza, Mrs. Mappetena, New York City: astern Bobwhite. Doetcer, C. P., New York City: American Egret. Dourine, J. F., New York City: Texas Armadillo. ExneErnavutt, Harry, New York City: Alligator. Eueman, J. G., New York City: Canary. Eister, F. H., Sorrento, Florida: Lubber Grasshoppers (2 specimens). Encernarot, G. P., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Spade-Foot Toads (6 specimens). Eruarpt, Mrs. W. H., New York City: Red-Crested Cockatoo. Evans, Miss M. C., New York City: European Blackbird. Ewatpt, Junius, New York City: Golden Eagle. Frernanpez, Mrs. C., New York City. Box Turtle. Forp, Mrs. H. S., New York City: Yellow-Fronted Amazon. Frampacu, Mrs. N., N. J.: Alligators (2 specimens). Frank H., New York City: 1 Painted Turtle, 1 Spotted Turtle. Frienserc, Cartes, New York City: Gopher Tortoise. Gatm, Master Joun, New York City: 1 Milk Snake, 4 Garter Snakes, 13 DeKay Snakes. Total, 18 specimens. Garrison, Wirttam, New York City: Barbary Turtle Dove. Germunp, Morron C., Freeport, L. I.: Alligator. ne TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 143 Gittam, Artruur L., Flushing, L. I.: 122 Promethia Cocoons, 102 Cecropia Cocoons, 6 Bag Worms, 4 DeKay Snakes, 35 Garter Snakes, 5 Rattlesnakes, 2 Ribbbon Snakes, 6 Water Snakes, 10 Black Snakes, 1 Ring-Necked Snake, 2 Blowing Adders, 2 Milk Snakes. Total, 297 specimens. GuutTH, Wittiam A., New York City: Screech Owl. ; Go.pBERG, SamueL, New York City: Box Tortoise. Gray, Miss E., New York City: Ring-Tailed Sapajou. Grices, Miss Anitce C., Spuyten Duivil, N. Y.: Alligator. Harrinctron, M. R., Bacaca, Cuba: Hutias (2 specimens). Hayes, Mrs. E. H., New York City: Canary. Hersert, Mrs. Emua L., New York City: 1 Red-Billed Weaver, | Crimson Crowned Weaver. Hrieuway, Dr. A. E., New York City. Box Tortoises (2 specimens). Hicerns, Dr., New York City: Hutia (Cuban Tree Rat). Hitt, Miss Ameria Leavirr, New York City: Tovi Parakeets (2 specimens). Hit, Jr., H. J.. New York City: Alligator. Hosan, W. C., New York City: Horned ‘Toads (4 specimens). Hopces, Frank, Olathe, Kansas: Coyotes (2 specimens). Horrman, Arpert L., Syosset, L. I.: Troupials (2 specimens). Hoimes, Orro, New York City: Purple Gallinule. Hovey, Dr. E. O., New York City: Gila Monster. Hurse, Ricuarp J. E., New York City: Golden Fronted Green Bulbul. Insutt, Samvuet, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Hog-nosed Snakes (2 specimens). Trwin, Ricwarp, New York City: Alligator. Jack, Joun M., Bradford, Pa.: Sapajou Monkey. Jacxowrrz, Jacos, New York City: Fish Crow. JEFFREY, STEwarT L.., Yonkers, N. Y.: Porcupine. JENKINS, A. G., New York City: Squirrel Monkeys (2 specimens). Jounsron, Master Epwin, New York City: Alligators (2 specimens). Keezer, Masrer Maurice, New York City: Bat. Kenzer, Mrs. Witrtam, West Pittston, Pa.: Gray Fox. Kena, Lrox P., New York City: Crow. 144 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Kercuam, Irvine M., Glen Head, L. I.: Marbled Salamander. Kincarp, H. Gorpon, Boonton, N. J.: 13 Slimy Salamanders, 3 Red-Backed Salamanders, 3 Wood Frogs. ‘Total, 19 specimens. Kintz, Miss Gertrruve N., Cresco, Pa.: Pair Mallard Ducks. Kissam, Mrs. Maupe, New York City: 20 Canaries, 2 Nestlings. Total, 22 specimens. Karinzinc, Grorce H., Danbury, Conn.: Raccoons (2 specimens). Knapp, Cuartes A., New York City: Large Grub of Hercules Beetle. Knezik, AtBert, New York City: Snapping Turtle. Kort, Mrs., New York City: Purple Gallinule. Korrsoun, Masrer Martix, New York City: 7 DeKay Snakes, 1 Common Garter Snake, 3 Garter Snakes. Total, 11 specimens. Kuun, Mrs., New York City: Box Turtle. Lacumunp, F. C., New York City: Common Opossum. Larsen, Miss Myrrie, New York City: White Rabbit. Lawson, Mrs. E., New York City: Canary. Lawson, Miss Marcaurtre, New York City: Pair Marmosets. Ler, Master SHetpon S., New York City: Alligator. Le Fevre, H. Strwarp, Jamaica, N. Y.: Mexican Deer. Lempxe, Orro, New York City: Wood Cock. LevneE, Fernanpo, New York City: Milk Snake. Lierrer, Louis, New York City: Box Turtle. Lincotn Zoorocicat ParK, through G. B. DeVry, Director, Chicago, IIL: 2 Weasels, 2 Skunks. Lowetn, Masters Ricuarp anp Wint1am, New York City: Spotted Turtles (8 specimens). Lyons, Master Atrrep, New York City: White Rabbit. McCourt, Franx, Mount Vernon, N. Y.: Black Snake. McIzrurnny, E. A., Avery Island, La.: Water Snakes (10 specimens). Macx’s Birp Emporium, New York City: Opossum. Maccio, A., New York City: Tarantula. Matmporc, Master G. A., Yonkers, N. Y.: Flying Squirrel. Marsu, Mrs. Turopore McCurpy, East Orange, N. J.: Tovi Parakeets (2 specimens). TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT Marreitt, Cuaries E., New York City: Muskrat. Mayer, Master Evcene, New York City: 1 Spotted Turtle, 1 Box Tortoise. Mepter, A. S., Bronxville, N. Y.: Great Horned Owl. Meeker, Miss CarHertne, Maplewood, N. J.: Cumberland Terrapin. Meyer, Irvine, New York City: Black Crowned Night Heron. Meyn, Miss Exste, New York City: Painted Turtle. Micnars, EF. R., Dutch Kills, lL. 1.; Mourning Dove. Miuts, von Stycken, New York City: Red Shouldered Hawk. Mitiwarp, Russert Hastirnes, New York City: Gila Monsters (2 specimens). Mircnerr, Miss M., New York City: Alligator. Moericx, Dr. E., Ward’s Island, N. Y.: Black Crowned Night Heron. Montrose, Mrs. Nyette, New York City: Canary. Morean, C. W., Warwick, N. Y.: Garter Snakes (20 specimens). Morris, C. H., McConnelsville, Ohio: Great Horned Owl. Morris Hicu Scuoor, Biology Department, New York City: Leopold Snakes (27 specimens). Movtron, Mrs. Arruur Jurtan, New York City: 2 Peafowl, 2 Sulphur Crested Cockatoos. Mocreny, THomas J.. New York City: Painted Turtle. Murruy, Vernon, New York City: Alligator (2 specimens). Mustarp, Carr. E., New York City: Alligators. NaEGELEN, Jor, New York City: Central American Boa, Scorpion. Nesmiru & Constantine, New York City: South American Spider. NevitteE, Miss Anira, Somerville, N. J.: Alligator. Newman, JouHn L., New York City: Yellow-Naped Amazon Parrot. New York Quersracno Exrracr Company, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Black Tegu. Nicnoxuas, Francis, Tucson, Arizona: Gopher Rats (6 specimens). Nicuotts, Mrs. R. W., New York City: Alligator. Norman, Epwix, New York City: Screech Owls (2 specimens). Norton, Exior, New York City: 6 White Rats, European Goldfinch. Prerstna, Geo. J., Evansville, Ind.: Monkey-faced Owl. 146 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Poxttock, G. F., Skyland, Va.: Timber Rattlesnake. Pomer, Raymonp J., Bayonne, N. J.: Alligator. Porrer, Mrs. A. L., New York City: White Java Sparrows (2 specimens). Pyne, Mrs. Moses T'aynor, Princeton, N. J.: Rhesus Monkey. Reicer, Masrer Herpert, New York City: Wood Turtle. Ricxarp, G. L., New York City: Glow Worm. Ror, C. M., Roseville, N. J.: Duck Hawk. Rorrker, H. R., Port Orange, Fla.: Coral Snake. Romanorr, Perer, New York City: Raccoons (2 specimens). Roosa, Harvey, E., New York City: Gray Wolf. Rovussy, E., Coney Island, N. Y.: Horned Toads (10 specimens). Ruppert, Jacos, New York City: Wood Ducks (3 specimens). RusseLt, Ricuarp H., Mt. Holly Spring, Pa.: 1 Timber Rattlesnake, 1 Copperhead Snake, 1 Milk Snake. Scueer, Cuartes A., New York City: Alligator. ScuevuBNer, Miss Fripa, Tompkinsville, S. I.: Yellow Fronted Amazon. Scuutye, Miss Ina E., Bronxwood Park, N. Y.: Crow. Srmer, Lupwie, Colchester, Conn.: Screech Owl. Sens, A., Irvington, N. Y.: American Sparrow Hawk. Suipman, Miss Lyte, Los Angeles, Cal.: Horned Lizard. Simon, C., New York City: American Sparrow Hawk. Stncram, H. N., New York City: Alligator. Sxinner, EK. D., Tarrytown, N. Y.: Virginia White-Tailed Deer. Smirn, Greorce A., Norwalk, Conn.: Alligator. Smiru, Henry B., New York City: 1 Diamond Backed ‘Turtle, 1 Cumberland Turtle. Smiru, Mrs. J. M., New York City: Blue-Fronted Amazon Parrot. Snyper, Master Henry, Scarsdale, N. Y.: Albino Pond Frog. Snyper, M., Bloomfield, N. J.: 2 Garter Snakes, 1 Water Snake. SoMMERMEYER, Oscar A., Passaic, N. J.: Sharp Shinned Hawk. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 147 Speck, Dr. Frank, Phila., Pa.: 36 Slimy Salamanders, 6 Dusky Salamanders, 1 Red Salamander, 4 ‘I'wo Lined Salamanders, 2 Mountain Salamanders, 2 Red-Backed Salamanders, 1 Four-Toed Salamander, 1 Box Sheltopusick, 2 Pickering Tree Toads, 1 Garter Snake, 1 Black Snake, 1 Green Snake, 1 Ribbon Snake, 1 Water Snake, 1 Milk Snake, I DeKay Snake, 1 Box Tortoise, 1 Fence Swift, 1 Anolis, 1 Newt. Total, 66 specimens. Spinpier, J.. New York City: Saw-Whet Owl. Sporrorp, Mrs. C. A., Norfolk, Conn.: Hybrid Pheasants (2 specimens). Stacy, Mr., Ist Officer S. S. Mohawk, care of Clyde S. S. Co., New York City: Yellow-Billed Cuckoo. Stay, Guy Exrisworru, New York City: Tegu. Sre1nNeER Bros., Jos., New York City: Opossum. ; StTerInHaAvusS, Mrs. S. M., New York City: Red-Billed Parrot. Stevenson, Miss Murier, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Painted Turtle. Stoner, Anan, Falls Village, Conn.: Painted Turtle. StroustaAnp, Miss Grace A., Rutherford, N. J.: Purple Gallinule. Stryker, Rosert S., Jefferson, N. Y.: Red-Shouldered Hawk. Swenson, Harotp, New York City: Milk Snake. Swirt, T. R., Mt. Vernon, N. Y.: Purple Gallinule. Tarspox, Miss Cora I., Essex Junction, Vt.: Robin. Taytor, Les. G., New York City: Water Snake. Trevis, Lansine S., San Francisco, Cal.: Gila Monsters (2 specimens). Tuomson, Mrs. A. E., Rutherford, N. J.: Alligator. Toru, Gaspar, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Spotted Sandpiper. Ursacn, Wirriam, New York City: Screech Owl. Vert, Dr. T., Brooklyn, N. Y.: American Green Tree Snake. Von Burnren, Georce, New York City: Hog-nosed Snake. Watutz, A. J.. New York City: Alligator. Warp, W. A., Port Chester, N. Y.: Pair Rabbits. Wasusurn, R. G., Jersey City, N. J.: Alligators (2 specimens). Watson, Miss Sara J., Rutherford, N. J.: Alligator. 148 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY WEINBERG, J., San Francisco, Cal.: 12 Gopher Rats, 12 Trap Deer Spiders, 19 Hyla Regyla, 2 Pacific Rattle- snakes, 6 Drayton Frogs, 1 Red Rattlesnake, 25 Swifts, 13 Horned Toads, 2 Scorpions, 6 Geerhnotus, 4 Crickets, 5 Cal. Toads, 6 Worm Salamanders, 5 Mice, 7 Boyle’s King Snakes, 2 Arizona King Snakes, 2 Red Coachwhip Snakes, 5 Pacific Garter Snakes, 1 Water Snake, 1 Striped Racer, 1 Western Garter Snake, 2 Ring-Necked Snakes. Total, 139 specimens. Weiss, Miss Carnot, New York City: Alligator. WENZEL, Sr., E., New York City: 1 Milk Snake, Spotted Turtle, 2 Wood Tortoises, Copperhead Snake. West, N. E., New York City: Sair-Whet Owl. Westcott, Mrs. Davin, Jersey City, N. J.: White Rat. Wiiiamson, Mrs. J. D., New York City: Pair Ocelots. Woop, J. Watrer, New York City: Great Blue Heron. WortHineton, C. C., Shawnee-on-Delaware, Pa.: 3 Orange Weavers, 6 Baltimore Orioles, 3 Black-Headed Weavers, 2 Orchard Orioles, 2 Zebra Finches, 1 White-Crowned Sparrow, 1 White-Headed Jay Thrush, 1 White-Throat Sparrow, 1 European Jay, 8 Song Spar- rows, 1 European Starling, 2 Chipping Sparrows, 2 Red-Crested Cardi- nals, 2 Fox Sparrows, 1 Himalayan Whistling Thrush, 1 American Magpie, 2 Lesson Mexican Motmots, 3 Tree Sparrows, 1 Madagascar Weaver, 5 Juncos, 1 Three-Colored Mannikin, 2 White-Bellied Nut- hatches, 1 Napoleon Weaver, 2 Indigo Buntings, 1 Long-Tailed Mama- qua Dove, 1 Chickadee, 2 Bonham Rock Partridges, 4 Rose-Breasted Grosbeak, 2 Bald Eagles, 1 Black-Headed Grosbeak, 3 Purple Grackles, 2 Arctic Towhees, 5 Red-Winged Blackbirds, 5 American Goldfinches, 2 Crowbirds, 2 Scarlet Tanagers, 1 Woodhouse Jay, 1 Yellow-Breasted Chat, I Meadowlark, 1 Phoebe, 11 Cedar Waxwings, 3 Robins, 1 Robin Song Thrush Hybrid, 2 Catbirds, 2 Wood Thrushes, 3 Canaries, 1 Brown Thrasher, 16 Barbary Turtle Doves, 1 Prairie Horned Lark, 10 Mourn- ing Doves, 2 Bluebirds, 2 Mourning Dove Turtle Hybrids, I Blue-Fronted Amazon Parrot. Total, 143 specimens. Wotrsoun, Max, New York City: 1 Opossum, 1 Raccoon. Younc, Miss Mirprep, New Rochelle, N. Y.: Prairie “Dog.” Plants BY GIFT. Brown, Mrs. Perer, Southampton, N. Y.: Kentia Belmoreana (2 specimens). Bucxow, Orro, New York City: Rubber Plant. Scunavurer, JoHN H., New York City: 12 Aspidistras, 12 Curculigo, 10 Calla Lillies, 2 Davallia Ferns, 1 Stanhopea Orchid. Total, 37 specimens. National Collection of Grads and Borns BY GIFT. Davinson, J. L., Lockport, N. Y.: White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Freak Antlers. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 149 DickerMAN, Watson B., Mamaroneck, N. Y.: Tibetan Argali (Ovis hodgsoni). Mounted Head. Eacrie, Jonn H., New York City, and others: Himalayan Ibex (Capra ibex). Mounted Head, Harrison, Arcuipatp, Washington, D. C.: Tamarou (Philippine Buffalo) (Bubalis mindorensis). Mounted Head. Harrison, Hon. Francis Burton, Manila, P. I.: Philippine Caraboa (Bos indicus). Horns. Puiturs, Dr. Joun C., Wenham, Mass.: Arabian Ibex (Capra nubiana sinaitica). Skull and Horns. Porter, Wriison, Philadelphia, Pa.: Black Mountain Sheep (Ovis stonei). Head Skin and Mounting. BY PURCHASE, Southern White Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros simus). Front Horn. Uganda Giratte (Giraffa rothschildi). Mounted Head, Gallery of Paintings BY GIFT. “A FRIEND”: Bronze Bust of Gorilla, “Dinah,” executed by Miss Eugenie Shonnard. Tuomrson, Mrs. Freperick Ferris, New York City: Oil Painting, “Portrait of a Lioness,” by Rosa Bonheur, size 31 x 37 inches. Wild Life Protection U. S. Government’ (through the Collector of the Port of San Francisco) : For exhibition purposes, 1046 specimens from Japan, China, India and other portions of the Orient, including egrets, and the feathers, wings, tails and entire skins of birds used for millinery purposes. Seized at the San Francisco Custom House. AT THE AQUARIUM. BY GIFT. AMENT, Mr. SamvueEt, New York City: Snapping Turtle. American Losster Disrriputrnc Co., New York City: Lobster. Bercer, Miss Vicrorta, New York City: Goldfish (2 specimens). Besiece, Mr. H., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Alligator. Bisnop, Mr. FrepertcK, New York City: Mounted specimen of Blackfish. Borcer, Mr., Canarsie, L. I.: Moonfish. Brenneis, Hon. Henry, Cardenas, Cuba: Giant specimen of sponge. Bruce, Mr. BE. K., Thornburg, Iowa: Fancy Goldfish (12 specimens). CuitpreN’s Museum, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Alligator, Cumberland Turtle, 2 Bull Frogs. Currrorp, Mr. M. J., New York City: Snapping Turtle. 150 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY ConneEtty, Mr. F. J., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Mud Turtle. Dare, Mr. J. M., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Alligator (2 specimens). Darrcu, Mr. Georce C., New York City: Wood Turtle. Dawtrey, Mr. Rosert W., Passaic, N. J.: Miller’s Thumb (6 specimens). DextMarie, Master Perry, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Painted ‘Turtle (2 specimens). Dreunt, Mr. Georce, Jr., New York City: Wood Turtle, Painted Turtle. Ers, Mr. Vincent, Staten Island, N. Y.: Green Turtle. GerorcE, Mr. Artiur E., New Yorl City: Water Toad. GortsLEBEN, Mr. Emir, Nassau, Bahamas: Hawksbill Turtle. Greeman, Mr. E., New York City: Amazon Turtle. Hansen, Master Morten, Jersey City, N. J.: Painted Turtle. Hoxtins,.Mr. G. V., Islip, Long Island, N. Y.: Diamondback Terrapin (2 specimens). Kewrer, Masrer Epwarp, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Alligator. Kesict, Mr., New York City: Alligator. . Kercuam, Mr. Irvine M., Glenhead, Long Island, N. Y.: 3 Bull Frogs, 27 Salamanders, 13 Crayfish. ‘Total 43 specimens. Kresset, Mr. J. R., New York City: Alligator. Kivc, Mr. A. M., Loomis, N. Y-.: Alligator. Kine, Mr. B. W., New York City: Spotted Turtle. Kywapp, Mr. Warp, Yonkers, N. Y.: Orange Filefish. Konorop, Mr. M. E., Jersey City, N. J.: Fresh-water Mussel (4 specimens). Kramer Broriuers, New York City: Snapping Turtle. Krorman, Mr. Enwin V., Astoria, Long Island, N. Y.: Snapping Turtle. Lampson, Mr. G. H., Baird, California: 7 Yellow-bellied Salamanders, 5 Brown Salamanders. Lapam, Miss ApetaipeE, New York City: Box Turtle. Laurrre, Mr. C., New York City: Mud Puppy. Masiz, Mr. Cuartes H., New York City: Quantity of Yellow Perch Eggs. Marsu, Mr. O. F., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Loggerhead Turtle. Mavrennorr, Mr. F. C., New York City: Sumatra Fishes (6 specimens, 5 varieties). McKnicut, Master R. S., New York City: Alligator. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 151 Meizev1, Mrs. Harry, New York City: Alligator (3 specimens). Memiroip, Mr. Josepn, New York City: Reeves Terrapin. P Morean, Mr. C. W., New York City: 13 Painted Turtles, 6 Wood ‘Turtles, 1 Snapping Turtle, 2 Musk Turtles. Total, 22 specimens. Mutper, Mr. R., New York City: Eel. Mutter, Mr. Frep, New York City: Box Turtle. Neaves, Mr. Epwarp D., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Slider Turtle, Cumberland Turtle. Netsspury, Mr. Leo, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Snapping Turtle. New Jersey Fistr Commission (through Hon. EK. Napier, Commissioner), Tren- WoL, ING Ali 2 15 Large-Mouth Black Bass, 4 Small-Mouth Black Bass, 3 Calico Bass, 7 Pickerel, 31 Yellow Perch, 29 Sunfish, 5 Brook Trout, 3 Rainbow Trout, 16 Brown Trout, 26 Landlocked Salmon. Total, 139 specimens. New York Grose, New York City: 1 Skate, 2 Winter Flounders, 3 Dogfish, I Angler, 10 Sea Scallops, 4 Mud Star Fish, 2 Mussels, 2 Hermit Crabs, 2 Sea Cucumbers, 1 Whelk, 1 Natica, | Conch, Lot of Barnacles. ‘Total, 30 specimens. Nye, Mr. Josepu K., New Bedford, Mass. Porpoise (8 specimens). Orts, Mr. Witttam, New York City: Alligator (2 specimens). ParapvisE Brook Trour Harcuery, Parkside, Pa.: Brook ‘Trout (26 specimens). Pasco, Mr. S. N., New York City: Goldfish. Peck Sup Fisu Co., New York City: Soft-shell Turtle. Preperstn, Mr. Ariine, Jersey City, N. J.: Alligator. RauwHauser, Mr. Louis, New York City: Painted Turtle (3 specimens). Rooney, Mr. James, New York City: Painted Turtle. Rosenspaum, Mr. Samuer, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Snapping ‘Turtle. Ross, Mr. C. J., Liverpool, England: Crocodile. Ruruerrorp, Mr. Tuomas W., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Alligator (2 specimens). Scuorrmann, Mr. Frevertcx, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Green Turtle. Srurrierr, Mrs. R. M., New York City: 2 Aquaria and Miscellaneous aquarium implements. Smyuic, Mr. Avorpue E., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Snapping Turtle. Sourn Sipe SportsMEN’s Crup (through Mr. George P. Slade, President), Oak- dale, Long Island, N. Y.: Rainbow Trout (22 specimens). Srarmer, Mr. Wittram Austin, New York City: Golden Orfe. Srevens, Mr. Crrarres, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Catfish. 152 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Swarripce, Mr. W. O., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Penguin. TRIEBSWETTER, Miss Ameta, Astoria, Long Island, N. Y.: Alligator. Trost, Mr. A., New York City: Bull Frog. U. S. Bureau or Fisuertes, Washington, D. C.: 1,000,000 Whitefish: Eggs, 5,000 Brook Trout Eggs, 1,000 Land-locked Salmon Eggs, 1,000,000 Yellow Perch Eggs, 500,000 Pike Perch Eggs, 25,000 Black-spotted Trout Eggs. ‘Total number of Fish Eggs received, 2,531,- 000. 1 Hair Seal, 67 Brook Trout. Wuire, Mr. I. G., New York City: Alligator. Witirams, Miss Enna, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Seahorse (2 specimens). Wuson, Mr. P. A., Staten Island, N. Y.: Spiny Boxfish. Wotr, Mr. Frank, Staten Island, N. Y.: Snapping Turtle. Work, Mr. Joun P., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Green Turtle. Wos, Mrs. JenNiE, New York City: Cumberland Turtle. Younc, Captain Carz C., New York City: Rock: Crab, 2 Large Lobsters. Younc, Mr. Franx C., Wantagh, Long Island, N. Y.: Alligator. BY EXCHANGE. Brinn, Mr. W. L., New York City: 2 Acara bimaculata, 2 Cichlasoma cyanoguttata. Brown, Mr. E. C., Copake, New York: Pickerel (12 specimens). Farrmount Park Aquarium, Philadelphia, Pa.: 51 Suckers, 6 Large-mouth Black Bass, 15 Catfish, 91 Calico Bass, 5 Brook Trout. FarrmMont Park Aquarium anp Boston Aquarium: 2 Nassau Groupers, 6 Dog Snappers, 5 Gray Snappers, 11 Blue-striped Grunts, 5 Yellow Grunts, 11 White Grunts, 4 Muttonfishes, 4 Scamp, 2 Ocean Triggerfishes, I Queen Triggerfish, 3 Common Triggerfishes, 2 Red Groupers, 2 Yellow-finned Groupers, 2 Black Groupers, 2 Sea Catfishes, 12 Black Angelfishes, 8 Blue Angelfishes, 1 Spadefish, 2 Mar- gatefishes, 2 Green Morays, 1 Porgy, 30 Porkfishes, I Runner, 2 Shark Suckers, 2 Red Hinds, 3 Rock Hinds, 1 Graysby, 10 Rainbow Parrot- fishes, 2 Chubb, 8 Schoolmasters, 8 Spot Snappers, 3 Bream, 2 Yellow Tails, 2 Red Hogfishes, 3 Squirrelfishes, 2 Tom Tates, 1 Southern Puffer, 1 Blue Parrotfish, 1 Butterflyfish, 4 Sergeant Majors, 12 Beau Gregory, 2 Jewfishes, 1 Cowfish, 2 Trunkfishes, 4 Spiny Lobsters, 4 Stone Crabs, 6 Gray Grunts. Jacozs, Mr. A., New York City: Girardinus guppyi (6 specimens). Luoyp, Mr. C., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Haplochilus latipes (20 specimens). New York Conservation Commission, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, N. Y.: Rainbow Trout (36 specimens). Sumner, Mr. F. N., Elizabeth, N. J.: Pickerel (4 specimens). Warrett, Mr. Jures, New York City: Paradisefish (3 specimens). TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 153 Che Aquarium Library BY GIFT. AmericAN Museum or Narurat History, New York City: Annual Report and Journal. Brookityn Instirute or Arts anp Sciences, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Annual Report, Museum News and Quarterly. Carnecie INstirvution or Wasurtneton, Washington, D. C.: Special Papers. CuiLprEN’s Museum, Bedford Park, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Bulletin for 1915. Intinots Stare Lasoratrory or Narurat Hisrory, Urbana, IIL: Publications for 1915. JENNINGS, Mr. C. E., New York City: Fishing Gazette. LouistaNa Conservation Commission, New Orleans, La.: Report 1912-14. Minnesota Game anp Fis Commission, St. Paul, Minn.: Bulletin. Montana Game anv Fisu Commission, Helena, Mont.: Ist Biennial Report, 1913-14. Natrionat Museum, Washington, D. C.: Bulletin for 1915. New York Conservation Commission, Albany, N. Y.: Report of State Fish Culturist. PENNSYLVANIA DeparTMENT OF FisHeERtEs, Harrisburg, Pa.: Report 1913-14. SmiTHsontan Instirution, Washington, D. C.: Special Papers for 1915. U. S. Bureau or FisHertes, Washington, D. C.: Report and Bulletin for 1915. Viretnta Commission or Fisueries, Richmond, Virginia: Report 1913-14. Wincatr, Mr. Harotp, New York City: Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. CHARTER OF THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY CHAPTER 435, LAWS OF 1895. N ACT to incorporate the New York Zoological Society and to provide for the establishment of a zoological garden in the city of New York. As amended by Chapter 146 of the Laws of 1902; and by Chapter 240 of the Laws of 1910. See Chapter 432 of the Laws of 1900. See Chapter of the City of New York, Secton 626 of the Laws of 1901. The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: Secrion 1. Charles A. Dana, Oswald Ottendorfer, Andrew H. Green, William H. Webb, Henry H. Cook, Samuel D. Babcock, Charles R. Miller, George G. Haven, J. Hampden Robb, Frederick W. DeVoe, J. Seaver Page, Rush C. Haw- kins, David James King, Wager Swayne, Charles A. Peabody, Jr., Charles E. Whitehead, Charles R. Flint, Samuel Parsons, Jr., Mornay Williams, Henry E. Gregory, Isaac W. Maclay, Isaac Rosenwald, Hugh N. Camp, Andrew D. Parker, Cornelius Van Cott, William F. Havemeyer, Frederick Shonnard, William W. Thompson, Alexander Hadden, Edward L. Owen, John H. Starin, Rush S. Huide- koper, William W. Goodrich, Albert H. Gallatin, Frederick S. Church, Edward C. Spitzka, Robert L. Niles, Madison Grant, C. Grant La Farge, William Van Valkenburg, and such other persons as may, under the provisions of its by-laws, become members of the corporation hereby created, are hereby created a body corporate and politic, by and under the name of the New York Zoological Society. Sec. 2. Said corporation shall have power to establish, maintain and control zoological parks, gardens, or other collections for the promotion of zoology and kindred subjects, and for the instruction and recreation of the people. Said cor- poration may collect, hold, and expend funds for zoological research and publica- tion, for the protection of wild animal life, and for kindred purposes, and may promote, form, and co-operate with other associations with similar purposes, and may purchase, sell, or exchange animals, plants, and specimens appropriate to the objects for which it was created. Sec. 3. The managers of said corporation shall have power to make and adopt by-laws for the management and government of its affairs and business, for the admission, suspension, and expulsion of its members, and for the terms and conditions of membership; to prescribe the number and mode of election of its officers; to define their duties; to provide for the safe-keeping of its property, and from time to time to alter and modify its by-laws. Sec. 4. The affairs and business of said corporation shall be managed and controlled by a board of managers, the number of whom shall be prescribed by the by-laws. The first board of managers shall be divided by lot into three classes, equal in number, one of which classes shall hold office for one year, an- other for two years, and the other for three years; and all persons elected to be managers at any subsequent election shall hold office for three years, and until others are elected in their stead. There shail be a president, two vice-presidents, treasurer and secretary, to be elected by the board of managers annually, who shall hold office until others are elected in their stead. The first meeting under TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 155 this act may be held at any time upon a notice of five days, signed by any five of the incorporators named in the first section of this act, fixing a time and place for such meeting, a copy whereof shall be mailed to each of said incorporators at his usual post-office address, and twelve of such incorporators shall be a quorum for the purpose of organization, adoption of by-laws, and election of officers. No manager of said corporation shall be interested, directly or indirectly, in any con- tract concerning its property or affairs. Sec. 5. Said corporation may raise money by the issue of bonds, secured by a mortgage on any or all of its property not acquired from said city or state. Sec. 6. Said corporation may take, purchase, and hold real and personal estate necessary for the purpose of its incorporation, and shall possess the general powers and be subject to the restrictions and liabilities prescribed in Article II of Chapter 23 of the Consolidated Laws entitled “General Corporation Law,” being chapter 28 of the Laws of 1909. Sec. 7. The commissioners of the sinking fund of the said city are authorized in their discretion to allot, set apart, and appropriate for the use of said corpora- tion, any of the lands belonging to said city north of One Hundred and Fifty- fifth street, but not in the Central Park, and such appropriation may be revoked if, after the expiration of five years from the passage of the act, a zoological garden is not established thereon; said grounds thus set apart and appropriated shall be used for no purpose w hatsoev er except those aforesaid. As soon as any lands are set apart the Mayor of the said city of New York, and the President of the Department of Parks of said city, shall become and be ex-officio members of the board of managers of said corporation. If at any time the animals now composing the menagerie at Central Park shall be removed therefrom by the authorities having charge thereof, said authorities may make an arrangement with the incorporators named in this act or the corporation formed by them for leasing or sale of such animals to such incorporators or corporation, and said incorporators or corporation shall have a preference over any other person or corporation in respect thereto upon the same terms which said authorities could make with any such other person or corporation, or upon such other terms as to such authorities may seem proper, but nothing herein provided shall be construed as giving the commissioners of the Department of Public Parks authority to sell, lease, transfer, or in any other wise dispose of said animals or other property connected with or belonging to said menagerie. Sec. 8. Admission to the said gardens shall be free to the public for at least four days, one of which shall be Sunday, in each week, subject to such rules and regulations as shall be prescribed by said corporation. Sec. 9. This act shall take effect immediately. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE NEW YORK AQUARIUM CHAPTER 441. LAWS OF 1902. AN ACT to authorize a further appropriation to the New York Zoological Society for the support of the New York Aquarium. As amended by Chapter 239 of the Laws of 1910. The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: Chapter four hundred and forty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred and two, entitled “An act to authorize a further appropriation to the New York Zoological Society for the support of the New York Aquarium,” is hereby amended to read as follows: 156 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Section 1. The Board of Estimate and Apportionment of the City of New York may annually, in its discretion, include in the budget for the then next en- suing financial year, in addition to any sum or sums which may be appropriated for the adequate support and maintenance of the New York Zoological Park or gardens, situated in the borough of the Bronx, and administered and controlled by the New York Zoological Society, a further sum or sums, in its discretion, for the use of the said New York Zoological Society, provided, however, that the addi- tional appropriation hereby authorized shall be made only in case an agreement is entered into between the said New York Zoological Society and the City of New York, acting by its Board of Estimate and Apportionment for the adequate keep- ing, maintenance, extension, preservation and exhibition of the building and ap- proaches thereto and collection of aquatic animals and plants contained therein, known as the New York Aquarium, situated in the Battery park in the Borough of Manhattan in said city, and also for furnishing opportunities for study, re- search and publication in connection with said collections, which contract the said Board of Estimate and Apportionment is hereby expressly authorized, in its discretion, to make upon such terms and conditions as may be agreed upon with the said New York Zoological Society, and which contract shall also provide how the duty of the commissioner of parks for the boroughs of Manhattan and Rich- mond in respect to maintaining the said aquarium now imposed upon him by law shall be performed. Sec. 2. This act shall take effect immediately. BY-LAWS OF THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMENDED TO JANUARY 21, 1914. ARTICLE I. MEETINGS OF THE SOCIETY. Section 1. The office and place of business of the New York Zoological Society shall be in the City of New York, unless otherwise ordered. Src. 2. The Society shall hold its annual meeting for the election of Man- agers, and other business, on the second Tuesday of January, or such day there- after during the month of January to which said annual meeting shall adjourn. Sec. 3. Special meetings of the Society shall be called by the Secretary, upon the request of the President or the Chairman of the Executive Committee, or at the written request of ten members. Sec. 4. Notices of all meetings shall be mailed to each member of the Society at least three days before such meeting. Sec. 5. At meetings of the Society twenty members shall constitute a quorum. Sec. 6. The order of business shall be as follows: - Roll Call. . Reading of minutes not previously read. . Report of Executive Committee. . Report of Secretary. . Report of Treasurer. . Report of the Director of the Zoological Park. . Report of Director of the Aquarium. . Election of Managers. . Communications. . Miscellaneous business. . Reports and resolutions. omar Do fF Wd —_ — © ARTICLE Ii. BOARD OF MANAGERS. Sec. 1. The Board of Managers shall consist of thirty-six members, together with the Mayor of New York and President of the Park Board, or Commissioner for the Bronx, who shall be members ex-officio of the Board. Sec. 2. Nineteen Managers shall constitute a quorum, but ten Managers may transact current business, and adjourn, subject to the subsequent approval of a meeting at which a quorum shall be present. 158 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Sec. 3. The Board of Managers shall hold an annual meeting on the third Tuesday of January, or on such day thereafter to which said annual meeting shall adjourn. Regular meetings of the Board may also be called by the Secretary on the third Tuesdays of October and April upon the request of the President or Chairman of the Executive Committee. Special meetings of the Board shall be called at any time by the Secretary upon the request of the President or Chair- man of the Executive Committee, or at the written request of five Managers. Src. 4. Notices of meetings of the Board shall be mailed to each Manager at least three days before such meetings. Sec. 5. The successors to the outgoing class of Managers shall be elected by the Society at its annual meeting, but vacancies in the board may be filled for the unexpired term by the Board of Managers, or by the Executive Committee. Sec. 6. A Nominating Committee shall be annually appointed by the Execu- tive Committee, and shall consist of three members of the Society at large, who shall nominate and post ten days before the annual election the names of twelve persons to succeed the outgoing class of Managers in a conspicuous place in the office of the Society. Src. 7. No person shall be eligible for the election to the Board of Managers, except to fill vacancies, unless his name shall have been posted as a candidate by such committee, or by not less than ten members, in writing, in a conspicuous place in the office of the Society ten days before the annual election. All candi- dates for election as Managers must be Life Members, Patrons, Associate Found- ers, or Founders of the Society. Src. 8. Any Manager who shall fail to attend three consecutive meetings of the Board, unless excused by a vote of the Board, shall cease to be a Manager. Sec. 9. The Board of Managers shall at its annual meeting elect a President, two Vice-Presidents, a Secretary, and Treasurer, who shall hold office for one year, or until their successors are elected. The President, Vice-Presidents, and Treasurer shall be members of the Board. Sec. 10. The Director of the Zoological Park, the Director of the Aquarium, and all other persons employed by the Society, shall be appointed by the Board or by the Executive Committee, and shall hold office during the pleasure of the Board. Sec. 11. The Board shall, at its annual meeting, elect an Executive Com- mittee and Auditing Committee, which shall hold office for one year, or until their successors are elected. The Board of Managers and the Executive Com- mittee shall also have authority to appoint such other Committees or officers as they may at any time deem desirable, and to delegate to them such powers as may be necessary. Sec. 12. The order of business of the meetings of the Board shall be as follows: 1. Roll Call. 2. Reading of minutes not previously read. 3. Report of Executive Committee. 4. Report of Secretary. 5. Report of Treasurer. 6. Report of Auditing Committee. 7. Report of Director of Zoological Park. 8. Report of the Director of the Aquarium. 9. Election of Officers. 10. Election of Committees. 11. Election of new members. 12. Communications. 13. Miscellaneous business. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 159 Sec. 13. All reports and resolutions shall be in writing, and the ayes and nays may be called on any resolution at the request of one Manager. Src. 14. Whenever the funds of the Society shall permit, the Board of Man- agers or the Executive Committee may award medals or other prizes for merito- rious work connected with the objects of the Society. ARTICLE III. OFFICERS. Sec. 1. The officers of the Society shall consist of a President, two Vice- Presidents, a Treasurer, a Secretary, and a Director of the Zoological Park. These Officers, with the exception of the Director, shall be elected at the annual meeting of the Board of Managers, but any vacancy may be filled for an unex- pired term by the Board of Managers, or by the Executive Committee, until the next annual election. Sec. 2. The President shall preside at all meetings of the Board and of the Society, and shall be ev-officio a member of the Executive and Auditing Com- mittees. Sec. 3. The Vice-Presidents shall, in the absence of the President, perform his duties and possess his powers, acting in the order of their election. Sec. 4. The Treasurer shall receive, collect and hold, subject to the order of the Board of Managers, or the Executive Committee, all dues, subscriptions, warrants from the City, fees and securities. He shall pay all bills as ordered by the Board of Managers or the Executive Committee, and shall report to the Society at its annual meeting, and to the Board of Managers at all regular meet- ings, and to the Executive Committee at each meeting. He shall keep all moneys and securities in some bank or trust company to be approved by the Board of Managers or Executive Committee. The books of the Society shall at all times be open to the inspection of the Managers. Sec. 5. The Secretary shall be a salaried officer of the Society. He shall be present, unless otherwise relieved by the Board or Executive Committee, at all meetings of the Society, of the Board and of the Standing Committees. He shall keep a careful record of all proceedings, shall have the custody of the seal, archives and books, other than books of account, and shall conduct the corre- spondence of the Society. He shall issue all notices and tickets, and shall per- form such other duties as the Board may direct. He shall be a member ex-officio of the Executive, Aquarium, and Auditing Committees, and of the Scientific Council. Sec. 6. The Director of the Zoological Park shall be elected annually by the Executive Committee at a salary to be determined by said Committee, and shall hold office until removed or his successor chosen by said Committee. He shall be the responsible administrative officer of the Park, and shall recommend to the Executive Committee candidates for the various positions in the Park. He shall also perform all such other duties in connection with the business, scientific, and literary administration of the Society as may be assigned to him by the Executive Committee. Sec. 7. The Director of the Aquarium shall be elected annually by the Executive Committee and shall hold office until removed or his successor is chosen by said Committee. He shall be the responsible administrative officer of the Aquarium, and shall recommend to the Executive Committee all candidates for positions in the Aquarium. The director of the Aquarium shall be ex-officio a member and Chairman of the Aquarium Committee. He shall perform such other duties in connection with the Aquarium as may be assigned to him by the Executive Committee. 160 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY ARTICLE. IV. COMMITTEES, Sec. 1. There shall be two standing committees, the Executive Committee and the Auditing Committee, which shall hold office for one year or until their successors are elected. Src. 2. The Executive Committee shall consist of seven Managers, together with the President and Secretary of the Society ex-officio. Four members shall constitute a quorum, and all meetings shall be called by the Chairman. The Executive Committee shall fill all vacancies in its own number and shall have the full powers of the Board of Managers, except so far as such delegation of power may be contrary to law. Sec. 3. The Executive Committee shall have the control and regulation of the collections, library, and all other property of the Society, and shall have power to purchase, sell, and exchange specimens and books, to employ and control all officials and employees of the Society, Park, and Aquarium, and generally to carry out in detail the directions of the Board of Managers and the terms of any contract between the City, or Park Board, and the Society. Sec. 4. All the rules and regulations for the examination of applicants for the various positions in the Park and Aquarium shall be made or approved by the Executive Committee. Sec. 5. The Executive Committee may regulate the auditing and payment for all current accounts. Sec. 6. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint an Aquarium Com- mittee, whose duties and powers are set forth in Section II of Article IV of these By-Laws. a Sec. 7. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint a Nominating Com- mittee, whose duties and powers are set forth in Sections 6 and 7, Article II, of these By-Laws. Sec. 8. It shall also appoint a Scientific Council, whose powers and duties are set forth in Section 2 of Article V of these By-Laws. Sec. 9. The Committee shall make a written report at each regular meeting of the Board of Managers. Sec. 10. The Auditing Committee shall consist of three regular members of the Society, in addition to the President and Secretary, members ex-officio, and vacancies shall be filled by the Executive Committee. It shall be the duty of the Auditing Committee to audit, annually, the accounts of the Treasurer, of the Director of the Zoological Park, and of the Director of the Aquarium, and any other accounts of the Society, and shall report to the Board of Managers at its annual meeting. Src. 11. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint an Aquarium Committee, not to exceed eight members of this Society, who shall hold office until their successors are chosen. All vacancies shall be filled by the Executive Com- mittee. The Director of the Aquarium shall be ex-officio a member and the Chairman of the Aquarium Committee, and such Committee may vest in him any or all of its powers. The Chairman of the Executive Committee and the Secretary of the Society shall also be ex-officio members of the Aquarium Com- mittee. Three members shall constitute a quorum, The Executive Committee may delegate to the Aquarium Committee such powers as it may deem proper. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 161 ARTICLE V. SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL. Sec. 1. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint a Scientific Council of not more than ten members, and shall fill all vacancies. Members of the Council shall hold office until their successors are appointed. Sec. 2. The duties of the Council shall be to act as an advisory board in all matters pertaining to the scientific administration of the Society, and especially as to the scientific features of the Park, the promotion of zoology by publications and otherwise, and the preservation of the native fauna of America. Sec. 3. Four members, including the Chairman, shall constitute a quorum. The Chairman shall be elected annually by the Council. The Chairman of the Executive Committee and the Secretary of the Society shall be members ex-officio of the Council. ARTICLE VI. MEMBERS. Src. 1. The present members and such others as shall become associated with them, under the conditions prescribed by the By-Laws, shall be members of this Society as long as they shall comply with the By-Laws. Sec. 2. Members failing to comply with these By-Laws, or for other good and sufficient cause, may be expelled from the Society by the Executive Com- mittee. Sec. 3. Candidates for membership shall be proposed and seconded by mem- bers of the Society. The name, occupation, and place of residence of every member as proposed shall be submitted for election to the Board of Managers or the Executive Committee, and such person, when elected, shall become a member upon payment of the annual dues, or of the fees as prescribed below. Src. 4. There shall be a class known as Fellows, which shall consist of members of the Society who have rendered marked services to science, and shall be chosen by the Executive Committee. The privileges of Fellows shall be in all respects the same as those of regular members of the Society, but they shall be exempt from the payment of annual dues. Sec. 5. The annual dues shall be ten dollars, payable in advance, on the first day of May of each year, but the Executive Committee may remit the dues for the current year in the case of members elected between January Ist and May Ist of each year. The classes of membership shall be as follows: Sec. 6. The payment of $200 at one time shall constitute any member a Life Member. A member who has paid annual dues for a period of five years may there- after, at any time, upon the payment of the difference between the amount of dues already paid and $200, become a Life Member, but such payment shall be not less than $100. Sec. 7. The payment of $1,000 at one time, or in the case of a Life Member, of $800, shall constitute any member a Patron. Sec. 8. The payment of $2,500 at one time, or in the case of a Patron of $1,500, or of a Life Member of $2,300, shall constitute any member an Associate Founder. Sec. 9. Any member who shall donate to the Society $5,000, or property of equal value, or any Associate Founder who shall donate $2,500, or any Patron who shall donate $4,000, may be elected by the Board of Managers or Executive Committee a Founder. 162 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Sec. 10. Any member who shall have donated to the Society ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or its equivalent, may be elected by the Board of Managers or the Executive Committee a Founder in Perpetuity. Such Founder in Per- petuity shall have the power to designate by a last will and testament his suc- cessor, who shall thereupon be entitled to all the rights and privileges of the original Founder in Perpetuity, including the right of designating in turn his successor. Src. 11. Any member who shall have donated to the Society $25,000, or its equivalent, may be elected by the Board of Managers, or the Executive Committee, a Benefactor. Benefactors shall have the rights and privileges of a Founder in Perpetuity. Sec. 12. Persons who have rendered marked service in the science of zoology or natural history may be elected Honorary Members, but not more than three such Honorary Members shall be elected in any one calendar year. Sec. 13. A resident member who shall have rendered marked scientific or professional services to the Society in any branch of its work may be elected by the Executive Committee a Life Member, Patron, Associate Founder, or Founder. A resident of New York who shall have rendered marked service in zoology or natural history may be elected by the Executive Committee a Permanent Fellow. Sec. 14. Non-residents who communicate valuable information to the Society, or who have rendered marked service in the science of zoology or natural history, may be elected Corresponding Members. Sec. 15. Benefactors, Founders in Perpetuity, Founders, Associate Found- ers, Patrons, Life Members, Honorary Members, Permanent Fellows, Fellows, and Corresponding Members shall be exempt from annual dues. ARTICLE VIL. PRIVILEGES OF MEMBERS. Sec. 1. A member’s ticket admits the member and his immediate family to the Park on reserve days, and to all lectures and special exhibitions, and may be used by the member’s immediate family, and shall be good for the current year. Sec. 2. Admission tickets to the Park and Aquarium on reserve days are issued to members for distribution, and are good for the current year. Sec. 3. Each member of the Society is entitled annually to a member’s ticket and to ten admission tickets. Sec. 4. Each member shall also receive one copy of the catalogue or hand- book, the report and official publication of the Society, and shall have all the privileges of the Library and Member’s Building. Sec. 5. No member shall be entitled to the privileges enumerated in this Article unless his annual dues shall have been paid. Sec. 6. The Life Members shall have all the privileges of members and ten additional admission tickets. Src. 7. Benefactors, Founders in Perpetuity, Founders, Associate Founders and Patrons shall have all the privileges of Life Members, and shall in addition receive copies of all scientific works published by the Society. Sec. 8. Any member who shall fail to pay his annual dues within three months after the same shall have become due, and after notice of thirty days, by mail, shall cease to be a member of the Society; subject, however, to reinstatement by the Board of Managers or Executive Committee for good cause shown. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 163 Sec. 9. Any person elected to membership who shall fail to qualify within three months after notice of his election shall be considered to have declined his election; but such term may be extended by the Board of Managers, or Executive Committee. ARTICLE VIII. FINANCES. Sec. 1. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be the calendar year com- mencing January Ist and ending December 31st. Src. 2. Neither the Society nor any of its Managers or Officers shall con- tract any debt which, with existing debts, shall exceed in amount the funds then in the Treasury, except to meet expenditures for which the City is liable, and for which the Society will be reimbursed by warrants from the Comptroller’s office. ARTICLE IX. AMENDMENTS, Sec. 1. Amendments to these By-Laws may be proposed, in writing, at any meeting of the Board of Managers, and adopted by unanimous consent of the Managers present, or if such proposed amendment shall fail to receive unanimous consent, the Secretary shall, with the notices of the next meeting, send a copy of it to each Manager and state that it will be brought up for action at such meeting, when it may be passed by a majority vote. Iudex Accrssions, Aquarium, 121, 149 Accessions, Park, 140 Account, income, 42 Acknowledgements, 60 Akeley, C. E., 67 Animal census, 36, 38, 70 Animal fund, 43 Animal paintings, gallery of, 57 Animal paintings, subscribers to, 58 Aquarium census, 108 Aquarium committee, 12 Aquarium exhibits, 108 Aquarium improvements, 102, 108 Aquarium laboratory, 117 Aquarium maintenance, 41 Aquarium, officers of, 12 Aquarium repairs, 39 Attendance, Aquarium, 36, 115 Attendance, Park, 36, 66 Auditing, 59 Baxer, George F., 58 Beebe, C. William, 38, 57, 69, 75 Beerbower, George M., 95 Benedict, Dr. Francis G., 83 Birds, appliances for attracting, 78 Birds, nesting, 78 Births, 69 P Bishop, Frederick, 113 Blair, C. Ledyard, 57, 58 Blair, W. Reid, 71 Bourne, Frederick G., 58 Brazil, Dr. Vital, 82 By-Laws, 158 CamMPpaicN against abuse of Parks, 58 Carnegie, Andrew, 58 Carnegie Institution, 83 Carter, Donald, 57 Census, animal, 36, 38, 70 Aquarium collection, 108 bird, 79 mammals, 70 reptiles and amphibians, $4 Cerero, R. L., 91 Charter, 154 Clark, George C., 43, 101 Collections, Aquarium, 38 Collections, Park, 36 Collections, Park, summary of, 84 Commission, Bronx parkway, 56 Cornell, Magistrate, 59 Corporate stock, 47 Costain, EK. A., 85 Costain, E. H., 84 Crandall, Lee S., 75 Crane, Magistrate, 65 Deatus, important, 37 Deckert, Richard, 82 DeNyse, John J., 100 Department, administration, 89 bird, 75 engineering, 95 forestry, 51, 84 mammals, 66 medical, 51 photography and publication, 97 reptiles, 81 Dickerson, Watson B., 43, 58, 60 Dieterich, Charles F., 58 Ditmars, Raymond L., 66, 81 Dodge, Cleveland H., 57, 58 Drake, G. Tyrwhitt- 57, 69 Drinking fountains, 85 East side extension, 52 Elephant, Congo, 37 Gunda, 36 house, 49 Executive committee, report of, 35 Expedition, South American, 69 Farmers’ Loan and Trust Co., 42 Finances, 42 Forestry and construction, 84 Fund, animal, 42, 43 Cadwalader animal, 42, 44 Carnegie pension, 45 endowment, 42, 43 income account, 42 library, 44 TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 165 maintenance, 46 National collection heads and horns, 45 Park improvement and repair, 45, 87 pension, income account, 42, AT Stokes’ bird, 42, 44 wild life protection, 42, 45 Game protection, 56 Gorilla, 37 Gould, George J., 57, 58 Grant, Chapman, 39 Grant, Madison, 60 Ground improvements, 84 Hamitron, Wm. Pierson, 49 Harkness, Edward S., 43, 58 Hartley, G. Innes, 57 Heads and horns, National collection, 45 Hill, James J., 57, 58 Hornaday William T., 56, 57, 58, 66 Hospital, animal, 49 House, Magistrate, 59, 64 Howes, Paul, 57 Huntington, George S., 124 Lampson, G. H., 113 Lion, Sultan, 37 McApoo, Chief Magistrate William, 59, 64 McAleenan, Joseph A., 58 MeMillin, Emerson, 43 MacCallum, Dr. George A., 39, 119 Maintenance, Aquarium, 41 Maintenance, Park, 41 Managers, board of, 10, 55 Mason, Colbert, 84 Meetings, 54, 55 Membership, summary of, 33 Medical department, 51 Merkel, Hermann W., 84, 101 Mills, Ogden, 43, 58 Mitchel, Mayor John Purroy, 58 Mitchell, H. R., 89 Mitchell, Wm., 89 Mole, R. R., 82 Morguns, Dr. Sergius, 120 Morris, Lewis Rutherfurd, 58 Nites, William White, 60 Nye, Joseph K., 109 Oxitruary, 39, 61, 92 Osborn, Henry Fairfield, 60 Osburn, Raymond C., 39 Park, maintenance, 41 Parkway Commission, Bronx, 56 Pathologist, Aquarium, 39 Pension board, 100 Pheasant monograph, 56 Photography and publication, 97 Prosector, report of, 123 Protection, game, 56 Pyne, Percy R., 58, 60 Receptions, 54 Report, auditor’s, 138 audit committee, Zoological Society, 139 director, Aquarium, 102 director, Park, 63 executive committee, 35 pension board, 100 prosector, 123 treasurer’s, 125 veterinarian, 71 Rubbish campaign, 58 Sanporn, Elwin R., 97 Sanitation, 54, 107 Schermerhorn, F. Augustus, 58 Schiff, Mortimer L., 57, 58 Schley, Grant B., 43, 58 Snyder, Charles E., 81 Stacey, Samuel, 75 Sturgis, Frank K., 58 Tuompson, Mrs. Frederick Ferris, 58 Thorne, Samuel, 35, 61 Tilford, Henry M., 43, 58 Townsend, Charles H., 122 Tropical research station, 57, 79 Sr oo) Woops, Police Commissioner, . Worthington, Charles C., 77 Zooxrocica, 78 Zoological Park, officers of, 12 Zoological Society, members of, 13 officers of, 11 655866 University of Toronto Bolosic: Library & Medica] Se ra | S Society ical €ocrt. 20(1915) AéAbnuel r New York ZCClo Vv. eae eas Library Card Pocket | LOWE-MARTIN CO. tiwrrep el + ee ee aeaads it Wy, Ba