ti ti Ly Ae LP ARE Ae LN Soke OEANHRA \ WY SS YY MOK MMMAAY \ \\ QQ WY titty uUsLoqupng “Yy uUiunjsy Aq *07VOYT *sudUTIDedS 9214} 8824} Petinboe Ajjuade1 AJaII0gG ey, STAWVO NVIYLOVE AO ATINVA aD at aDy Mehr? : : at i Pirt; matla wale ab thi ey! TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NEW YORK ZAVOLOGICAL SOCIEPY CHARTERED IN 1895 OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY A PUBLIC ZOOLOGICAL PARK THE PRESERVATION OF OUR NATIVE ANIMALS THE PROMOTION OF ZOOLOGY Lots NEW YORK OFFICE OF THE SOCIETY, 111 BROADWAY JANUARY, 1919 COPYRIGHT 1919, BY THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 655869 dts “os CLARK & FRITTS PRINTERS 229 West 28TH STREET, NEW YORK CONTENTS BOARD OF MANAGERS . OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY . ; OFFICERS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK AND gna MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY . SUMMARY OF MEMBERSHIP REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OBITUARY—MRS. MARGARET OLIVIA SAGE, MAJOR WILLIAM AUSTIN WADSWORTH REPORT OF THE LADIES’ AUXILIARY REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR . : F W. T. Hornaday REPORT OF THE PENSION BOARD . ; ; . s TROPICAL RESEARCH STATION . f . William Beebe REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR: AQUARIUM, Charles H. Townsend LIST OF EXHIBITS AT THE AQUARIUM TREASURER’S REPORT: Income Account . Maintenance Fund Ground Improvement Band Animal Fund . Stokes Bird Fund . Heads and Horns Fund Library Fund : . Aquarium Maintenance Fund : Endowment Fund Endowment Fund Income Weconun Cadwalader Animal Fund . Wild Life Fund . Improvement and Repair Account Carnegie Pension Fund Pension Fund Income ieecunin Tropical Research Fund Art Gallery Fund Publication Fund : Heads and Horns Budldine. Fund Special Maintenance Fund CONTENTS (Continued) Pheasant Aviary Fund . : : : : . is AUDIT COMPANY'S REPORT : : 5 : : . see AUDITING COMMITTEE’S REPORT : ; ‘ : ; 131 LIST OF ACCESSIONS: Zoological Park . : : 2 : : : . he Aquarium . ; : fs 2 : : ; 139 DOCUMENTS: Articles of Incorporation . : : ? : : 1438 By-Laws . : : - ‘ : : : : 147 INDEX ? : ; : F - ; ; ; : 154 ILLUSTRATIONS FAMILY OF BACTRIAN CAMELS . ALASKAN BROWN BEAR MEMBERS’ DAY IN ZOOLOGICAL PARK . PAINTING WILD ANIMALS IN ZOOLOGICAL PARK . ANOTHER BROOD OF EMUS. OSTRICHES FROM THE BLOOMSBURG OSTRICH FARM . STUMP-TAILED LIZARD A SKILLED PIECE OF FORESTRY WORK SCHOOL CHILDREN IN ZOOLOGICAL PARK WAR SERVICE HONOR ROLL FLYING CAGE FOR THE PHEASANTS ELD’s DEER PADDOCK NEW SUGGESTION FOR REMODELING AQUARIUM . OLD VIEW OF INTERIOR OF AQUARIUM SHIPWORM (Tevedo navalis) SEA BAss (Centropristes striatus) FRESH-WATER DRUM (Aplodinotus grunniens) . SPANISH HOGFISH (Harpe rufa) TEXAS BLIND SALAMANDER (Typhlomolge rathbunt) . BROWN ANEMONE (Metridium marginatum) . SPOTTED CODLING (Phycis regius) AXOLOTL (Amblystoma tigrinum) Frontispiece oT 55 57 69 69 71 75 rai 79 81 81 87 91 95 95 97 ef 101 101 113 113 Board of Managers Ex-officio: {THE Mayor, of the City of New York. | THE PRESIDENT, Dep’t of Parks, City of New York. CLASS OF 1920 HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, LISPENARD STEWART, CHARLES F.. DIETERICH, GEORGE F.. BAKER, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, ROBERT 8. BREWSTER, CLASS OF LEVI P. MORTON, ANDREW CARNEGIE, MADISON GRANT, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, HENRY A. C. TAYLOR, FRANK K. STURGIS, EDWARD S. HARKNESS, WILLIAM B. OSGOOD FIELD, A. BARTON HEPBURN, WILLIAM WOODWARD, EDWIN THORNE, PERCY A. ROCKEFELLER. 1921 GEORGE J. GOULD, OGDEN MILLS, LEWIS RUTHERFURD MoRRIS, ARCHER M. HUNTINGTON, HENRY M. TILFORD, EK. C. CONVERSE. CLASS OF 1922 PERCY R. PYNE, GEORGE BIRD GRINNELL, GEORGE C. CLARK, CLEVELAND H. DODGE, C. LEDYARD BLAIR, FREDERICK GILBERT BOURNE, EMERSON MCMILLIN, ANTHONY R. KUSER, WATSON B. DICKERMAN, MORTIMER L. SCHIFF, FREDERIC C. WALCOTT, BEEKMAN WINTHROP. New York Zoological Sorivty General Office, 111 Broadway, New York City President : HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN. First Vice-President: Second Vice-President: MADISON GRANT. FRANK K. STURGIS. Treasurer: PERCY R. PYNE, 20 Exchange Place. Assistant Treasurer: THE FARMERS’ LOAN & TRUST COMPANY. Secretary: MADISON GRANT, 111 Broadway. MADISON GRANT, Chairman. Executive Committee MADISON GRANT, Chairman. PERCY R. PYNE, LISPENARD STEWART, WILLIAM WHITE NILEs, WATSON B. DICKERMAN, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, ANTHONY R. KUSER, FRANK K. STURGIS, HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Ex-Officio. Ceueral Officers GEORGE S. HUNTINGTON, Prosector. C. GRANT LAFARGE, Architect. H. DEB. PARSONS, Consulting Engineer. R. L. CERERO, Bursar. Auditing Committee WILLIAM WHITE NILES, Chairman LISPENARD STEWART, ANTHONY R. KUSER. Pension Board GEORGE C. CLARK, Chairman. WILLIAM PIERSON HAMILTON, PERcY R. PYNE, Treasurer. CHARLES H. TOWNSEND. LEWIS R. Morris, H. R. MITCHELL, GEORGE BIRD GRINNELL, R. L. DITMARS, HERMANN W. MERKEL Secretary. Editorial Committee HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Chairman. WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Officers uf the Zoolngical Park WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, Director and General Curator. H. R. MITCHELL, Chief Clerk. RAYMOND L. DITMARS, Curator of Reptiles. WILLIAM BEEBE, Curator of Birds. LEE S. CRANDALL, Assistant Curator of Birds. W. REID BLAIR, Veterinarian. HERMANN W. MERKEL, Chief Forester and Constructor. GEORGE M. BEERBOWER, Consulting Civil Engineer. WILLIAM MITCHELL, Cashier. ELWIN R. SANBORN, Photographer and Editor. Officers of the Aquarium CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Director. W. I. DENYSE, Assistant. L. L. MowBrRay, Assistant. GEORGE A. MACCALLUM, Pathologist. ROBERT SUTCLIFFE, Clerk. IpA M. MELLEN, Secretary. Aquarium Conunittee CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Chairman. CHARLES L. BRISTOL, RAYMOND C. OSBURN, SASHFORD DEAN, EDMUND B. WILSON, ALFRED G. MAYER, CHARLES B. DAVENPORT, THOMAS H. MORGAN, CHARLES R. STOCKARD, (GRENVILLE KANE. MEMBERS OF THE New York Zoological Sorivty January 1, 1919 Baker, Georce F., Canneciz, ANDREW, DonceEe, CLeverann H., *CADWALADER, JOHN L., Kuser, Cot. ANTHONY R., Beurfactors *Morcan, J. P., RocKEFELLER, WILLIAM, Scuirr, Jacosp H., Tuompson, Mrs. Freperick F., *THORNE, SAMUEL, Founders in Perpetuity Bourne, FrepeErick G., *Barney, Cuartes T., Carnecie, Mrs. ANDREW, Converse, E. C., Drerertcn, Cuartes [., Gouxp, GeorGE J., Harkness, Epwarp S., *Hirz, JaMEs J., Kircuinc, Mrs. Frank W., *KitcHinc, Frank W., Mackay, Criarence H., McMiiuin, Emerson, Mitts, Ocven, Morton, Hon. Levi P., Pyne, Percy R., Rogrnson, NELson, RockeEFreELLEeR, JOHN D., *Sace, Mrs. Russet, Scuirr, Mortimer L., STEWART, LisPENARD, Taytor, Henry A. C., *THorRNE, Miss Puorse ANNA, *WuitNey, Hon. WititaM C., *ARCHRBOLD, JoHN D., AVERY, SAMUEL P., *Barnes, JOHN S., Berwinpb, Epwarp J., Brarr, C. Lepyarp, Brewster, Roserr S., *CuisHoLtm, Hucu J., CriarK, GreorGe CrRAwrorD, *Donce, Wii11aM E., *GorELEeT, Rosert, Huntineton, Arcuer M., *Huntineron, C. P., *OrreNvDoRFER, Oswatp, Founders *Payne, Cor. Oniver H., Perkins, Grorce W., Rainey, Pav. J., ScuERMERHORN, F. *Scuiey, Grant B., SueparD, Mrs. Finiey J., *SLOANE, WILLIAM D., *Sroxes, Miss Caronine PHeLrs, Sturgis, Frank K., Trevor, Miss Emity, Trevor, Mrs. Joun B., * VANDERBILT, CORNELIUS, VANDERBILT, Witi1AM K., AvGUSTUS, Woop, Mrs. ANTOINETTE EwNo, Assoriate Founders *Baxscock, SAMUEL D., *CarTEeR, JAMEs C., *CrocKER, GEORGE, *peERnam, H. Casimir, DickERMAN, Watson B., *Jesup, Morris K., Ossorn, Pror. Henry Farrrierp, *RHINELANDER, Miss SERENA, *Scnuyier, Purp, *ScuHuy er, Mrs. Puitip, Sturcis, Mrs. Frank K., TuorNeE, Epwin, TuoRNE, JoeL W., THORNE, SAMUEL, JR., Tirrany & Company, Tzaver, Mrs. Marcaret T., VANDERBILT, CORNELIUS, *DECEASED 12 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY *Arwnotp, Hicks, Avcuinctioss, Mrs. Huei D., Barney, James W., *Buiss, CornEtius N., *Buiss, Georce T., *Bronson, Encar BrEecuer, Crark, Mrs. Greorce Crawrorp, *ConstTaBLe, Freperick A., *Cook, Henry H., bE LucinGe, PrINCEss, Enuret, Georce, *Frower, Roswet. P., Forp, James B., ~Forn, J. Howarp, *GouLtp, Epwin, JrR., Hamizton, WILLIAM Pierson, *Harkness, CHartes W., Harrison, Georce L., JRr., Hawkes, Mrs. McDovucGatt, *Havemeyer, Henry O., *Havemeyer, WituiaM F., *Hewirr, Asram S., *Horrman, Very Rev. FE. A., Hornapay, Dr. Won. T., House, Epwarp J., *IseLin, ADRIAN, *James, D. WILLIs, James, NorMAN, James, Dr. Watrer B., JENNINGS, Miss A. B., "Lewis Mrs. Greorce, Patrous Mayer, Aurrep G., McALEENAN, JosEPi A., Morris, NEWBOLD, “Morris, A. NEwsBo.p, *Morris, Mrs. A. Newson, Osporn, WiLi1aAmM CHURCH, *Osnorn, Mrs. Wituiam H., Pau, JOHN J., *Poor, Henry W., *Pyne, Mrs. Percy R., RoEeBLING, JoHN A., Ryan, Tuomas F., *ScuERMERHORN, WILLIAM C., *SeLrigMANn, Isaac NEwmTon, *Senrr, Cuartes H. Simpson, Miss JEAN WALKER, *“Sv1CKNEY, JOSEPH, Taytor, James B., JR., Tworne, Francis B., TuHorne, Henry S., Tuorne, Lanvon K., Tirrorne, Mrs. Samvuen, Trorne, S. BrincKEeRnOrr, TrrorneE, Vicror C., TurorneE, W. V. S., *TsORNE, WILLIAM, Titrorp, H. M., *T’womsLy, H. McK., *Von Post, Herman C., *Wess, Wit1n1AM H., *Wourr, A., Wusrney, Harry, Apbams, Epwarp Dean, Aonew, Cornetius R., Acnew, Georce B., AKELEY, Canru E., Anprews, Constant A., ANnprEws, J. SHERLOCK, Anmour, ALiLison V., Annoxup, Enwarp W. C., *Aucnincioss, Huon D., BaLpwin, Josepu C., Jr., BALLANTINE, Ronert I’,, Bansour, ‘THoMas, Barbour, WILLIAM, Baker, H. Martyn, *Banitypor, Mrs. P. Hackiey, "Barnes, Miss Cora I., Barnes, J. Sanronrn, Banucu, Bennanp M.,, Breese, WiLLtaM, Beennowrn, Gro. M., *Bei., Mrs. C. M., Lite Members Beit, Gorpon KNox, Be_mont, AvuGust, Berrs, Samvuet Rossirer, Binns, WALTER, Biro, CuarLtes SUMNER, Bisnor, Heser Reoinavp, *Brackrorp, EvGene G., Brain, Dr. W. Rein, Buss, Mrs. Roserr W., *Brovcerr, Winitam ‘Tinpon, *Boxupr, Grorce C., *Bonp, Frank S., Boorm, Witiiam TL., Boury, Louis J., *Bowporin, GeorGe S., "Bowporn, Tempe, Bowman, Joun Mck., Braviey, J. R., Braman, Cuesrern A,, Braermrennacn, M. J., Brewsrer, Prepenick F., *Drcrasen, TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 13 BrinsMApve, Cuartes Lyman, Brown, George McKessen, “Broce, Miss Marinpa W., Bucu, Miss Eminy, Burpen, Henry, 2np, Burieign, Grorcre W., Burr, Wintruropr, Burrace, Carr. Guy H., 4USHNELL, JOSEPH, Borrer, Winuiam Mitt, CaMMANN, GeorceE P., Camp, Hucu N., “CANFIELD, Ricwarp A., CauLpDWELL, Dr. Cuartes MILBank, Cerero, R. L.., Cuanter, WINTHROP, CrHapin, Cyaries M., Cuarin, CueEster W., CuisHo_tm, Hucu J., JR., *Cuurcu, E. Dwicut, CuourcnH, Frevericx E., Cuurcu, Mrs. Neti E., Cuurcu, WILLarp, *Cuurcu, Wittram Conant, Crark, F. Amsrose, Ciark, GeorGeE C., JR., CxLarkson, BANYER, Crose, Epwarp B., Cor, Witi1am R., Corrin, Cares A., Coreate, WILLIAM, Coruier, Roger J., *CoLtorp, Grorce W., *Cortorp, Mrs. Grorcre W., Cott, SamvuEL P., Connon, T. G., ConstaBie, Mrs. FreDERICK *ConyNeuam, Wiriiam L.., *CooKucs il. Coover, Mrs. Crrartes W., CornineG, Joun J., Cory, Dante. W., *Coxr, Davirs, *CrRANE, ZENAS, Crane, Z. MarsHatu, *Crimmins, Joun D., -Cuyumr. ©:,.C:, Dana, Cuaries A., *Davis, E. W., Davis, Joun W. A., Davis, Wit11am _T., “pECopreT, Epwarp J., Derertnc, Cuar_es, peEHereptra, C., DELAFIELD, ALBERT, pEMituav, Louis Joun, DeRuam, Cuarrts, *DeRuam, Crrarrrs, Noe i De Wirt, Witi1aAM G., Dick, J. Henry, DicKERMAN, Mrs. Watson B., Dickey, Cnartes D., Dimock, Mrs. Henry F-., Disston, Henry, Jr., Dirmars, R. L., “Doner, Grorce EGieston, Doner, Marcetius, Harrey, Dortcer, Cuaries P., *Doricer, PETER, Doerrcer, PETER, Doscuer, CHARLES, Dovetas, ARCHIBALD, JR., *Doucias, J AMES, Draver, Mrs. Henry, Dresster, Oscar, DuBois, Miss Eruen, DuBois, Miss Kariarine, DuBois, Witu1am A., pu Pont, CoLeEMAN, puPont, Mrs. Wo., Duemore, A. Rapciyrre, Dunuam, Epnwarp K., DunscomsBe, Grorce Eiswortn, Dwyer, THomas, *NEWBOLD, EnGar, *ELLIoTr, SAMUEL, Euuis, W. Drxon, Exy, Amsmrose K., Emmet, C. Tempie, *EKno, Amos, F., Farrcuitp, Hon. Cuartes S., Feanrine, Greorce R., FreLp, Cortnanpt DEPEYSTER, FreLtp, Wm. B. Oscoon, FreLtv, Mrs. Wm. B. Oscoon, Fister, Mrs. Henry J., Fisnrer, Enstgn Joet Eis, FLeIrMANN, Witi1amM Mepniicorr, Fuint, Cuaries R., Forp, Henry, Fraser, Miss S. Grace, *Frencu, S. Barron, Fucurer, Howarp, Garner, R. L., Gerry, Exsrince T., GotpscumipT, S. A., Gooprince, Mrs. F. G., *Goopwin, James J., Gouup, Grorce H., Grant, DeForest, Grant, Mapison, GRINNELL, Georce B., Guc6cENnuEIM, DANIEL, GUGGENHEIM, S. R., Guntuer, Bernarp G., GuntTHER, FRANKLIN L.., * DECEASED 14 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Guturig, WituAM D., Lincotn, Epwarp K., *HaGEeNBECK, Cart, *LounsBERY, Ben-Att H., Hacenseck, HeErnricu, *Lounssery, Riciarp P., HacensBeck, Lorenz, Low, C. Avotrue, Hacern, Louis T., *Low, SETH, Hamirton, Pierpont MorGan, *“Lypic, Davin, Harvinc, J. Horace, Lynic, Carr. Pui M., Harkness, Mrs. Epwarp S., McA.pin, Cuartes WILLISTON, Harxness, Mrs. S. V., McComps, J. Scorr, Harran, CHarzes J., McKeever, I. C., Harriman, Mrs. E. H., *McKim, Cuartes F., Harrison, ARCHIBALD, McKinney, Gienn Forpn, Harris, ALAN C., McLane, Guy Ricwarps, Hart, Frank, McMinn, Marton, Harvey, Ext, *Mackay, Donatp, Haupt, Dr. Louts, Macy, V. Everit, Havemeyer, F. C., Mapeira, Percy C., Havemeyer, T. A., *Marttann, ALEXANDER, *Haven, Georce G., Maxiory, Cuarwes H., *Hearn, Georce A., *Marc, Treopninus M., *HeNpbeERSON, Cuaries R., *Marxoer, Dr. Francis H., Hepsurn, A. Barron, MaruineG, Arrrep E., *Hiccinson, JAMEs J., MarsHatz, Louis, Hinz, Crarence H., Maxwe tz, Roserr, Hit, Hueu, MERKEL, HERMANN W., Hiren, Mrs. Frepertck Deano, Miiier, Dr. Georce N., “Hor, Miss MarGaret, Mints, OcpeNn L., Hor, Ricuarp M., MiLBank, DuNLEVY, Hor, Mrs. Ricuarp M., Miztron, Mrs. Wo. F., Horxins, Georce B., Mircnetyt, A. M. Post, Horrix, Mrs. Joserr CrarKk, Mircuen1, H. R., “Hunparp, Tomas H., Mircnett, Mason, Huntinoton, H. E., *“Mircuett, Roranp G., Hype, Mrs. Crarence M., Mone yt, AMBROSE, Hyper, James H., “Moore, Mrs. James Amory, Isevin, ADRIAN, JR., Moore, Freperic P., Isexin, Corumsus O. D., Moran, Daniet E., *Jacxson, Tueovore I’., Monrcan, J. P., Jackson, Dr. Vicror H., Moreoan, Mrs. J. P., JR., James, Arruur Curtiss, Morris, Dr. Lewis Rurierrurn, Jennincs, Oxiver G., “Morris, JAMES, *Jesup, Mrs. Morais K., Nessirt, A. G., Jones, Mrs. Enwarp H., Newnoxp, THomas, *Jurmxiarp, Mrs. A. D., NEWLAND, V. M., Kaun, Orro H., Nicuors, Mrs. Wini1Am GILMAN, KANE, GRENVILLE, Nixes, J. Barron, “Kane, JoHN INNEs, Nixes, Miss Iiorm.a, Kino, Grorce Gornon, Nizes, Witu1am Waite, Kinney, Morais, Nites, Mrs. Winniam W.,, *Kinostann, Witiiam M.,, Norton, Joun W., *Kissex, Gusrav FE., NuNAN, J. Js Kunuarpr, W. B., Nye, Joseru K., Lakance, C. Grant, Osnvorn, Mrs. WinttaAm Crruren, LanGpon, Woopnury G., Osnurn, Dr. Raymonn C.,, Lantern, CHARLES, Patnren, Kenyon V., Lee, Cuantes NorruamM, *Panisu, Henny, Lereps, Mrs. Warner M., Pannusu, James C., Leuman, S. M.,, Pansons, H. pe B., *Decreasep TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 1 Peanopy, CHarues A., Perkins, WILit1AmM H., Peters, Mrs. ‘THeEopore, Perers, SamMueEt T., Puetrs, Carr. Joun J., Puiuirs, Dr. Joun C., Priuturrs, Joun M., Prirrs, Henry, Puiprs, Henry C., PHOENIX, Lioyp, PHOENIX, PHILLIPs, Pierce, Henry Cray, PIERREPONT, JOHN J., Pirrrepont, Roserr L., Prerrepont, SetTH Low, *PincnHor, J. W., *PorTER, CLARENCE, *Porrer, Mrs. Henry C., Porter, Wi1son, Prarr, Datuas B., Pratt, Haroxp L., Procter, A. PHIMISTER, Pouurirzer, RaLpy, Pyne, M. Taytor, *QurnTarD, GEoRGE W., Raymonp, Cuartes H., Riker, SAMUEL, JR., *Ross, J. HAMPDEN, *Rossins, Mitton, Roginson, ARTHUR, Rocers, ARCHIBALD, Runeivus, Carz, *Russ, Epwarp, RuTHERFURD, WINTHROP, *Sr. JoHN, Frank L., Sautus, J. SANForRD, Sampson, Henry, SangBorn, E. R., *Sanps, WitiiaM R., Sanrorp, Henry, SanrorD, Henry, JR., SANFoRD, SAMUEL S., *SanGeR, FArRFIELD Osborn, Scuer, Le Roy, *SCHERMERHORN, J. Ecmonrt, *SCHIEFFELIN, EUGENE, SCHIEFFELIN, SCHUYLER, Scuitey, Evanver B., Seton, Ernest TuHompson, SHELDON, CHARLES, SHERMAN, GEORGE, *SuERMAN, WiLuiamM Warts, SHEWAN, JAMES, SHeEARSON, Epwarp, Suretps, Grorce O., Stoan, Benson B., *Sioan, JOHN, Stoan, Matcotm D., On *SLOAN, SAMUEL, Stoan, SAMUEL, SPEYER, JAMEs, Squier, Stuart C., Sretson, Francis Lynne, Stewart, Wm. R., JR., Stoxes, Miss Ontvia E. Pure rs, SrraicutT, Mrs. WILiarp, Srreeter, D. D., *Srurces, FREDERICK, Tariron, Lesiie JErreris, *THALMAN, ERNST, Tuayer, Mrs. Ernen RAnvboipen, Tuompson, Lewis S., Tinrorp, Franx, Tuompson, WiLLiAM P., Top, Rosert E., Topp, Wir1i1aM R., TownsEenD, Dr. Cuaries H., Trevor, Henry G., Trevor, JoHN B., Tritton, Ciaupe H., Tuck, Epwarp, UnLMANN, FREDERICK, Vai, THEO. N., Van Norven, Mrs. Grace T., Van RENSSELAER, CHartes A., * VANDERBILT, ALFRED G., Varnum, Mrs. James M., *Wapswortu, Masor W. Austin, WapswortH, Mrs. W. A., War, D. Everett, Wainwricut, Ricuarp T., *Watker, Dr. Henry FREEMAN, Wanamaker, RopMan, Warsourec, Fenix M., *WaARREN, SAMUEL D., *Watson, Francis A., Watson, JAMEs S., Wess, Dr. W. Sewarpn, *Wetcuer, Mrs. Fanny Avery, *WENDELL, Evert JANSEN, Wetmore, Cuartes W., Wetmore, GeorGe PEAsovy, Wuarton, WiLiiaAmM P., WHEALTON, Louis N., WuirteE, JoHN JAY, JR., * WHITEHEAD, Pavt, Wuitney, Caspar, Wuitney, CorNELIUS VANDERBILT, Wuirney, Harry Payne, WHITNEY, Payne, Wiiets, Exmore A., Wittets, Howarp, WitiraMs, Crark, Wine, Joun MorGan, *Winec, Joun D., ; Wintnror, BEEKMAN, * DECEASED 16 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Wintiror, Ecerron L., Woerrisuorrer, Mrs. ANNA, Wrrners, Georce B., Woopwarp, WILLIAM, Worruincron, C. C., Gouorary Members *“Pror. ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, *Pror. DanieL Giraup ELxior, Pror. J. A. ALLEN, “Sr Witi1amM FLower, Tue Duke or Beprorp, *Dr. F. LL. Horst, Herr F. E. Braavuw, Sir Epmunp G. Lover, *Mr. Arruur Erwin Brown, Dr. C. Harr Merriam, Dr. Frank M. CHapmMan, Hon. Lionet Water RoruscuHip, *Dr. Puivie Luriey SciLater, Fellows + Bansour, THomas, Hornapay, Dr. Wo. T., Breese, WILLIAM, Huntincton, Dr. Georce S., “Bickmore, Pror. Apert S., Ler, Pror. Freperic S., Brarr, Dr. W. Rem, Lucas, Dr. Freperic A., Bristor, Pror. Cuartes L., Mac Cartitum, Dr. Georce A., Brooxs, Dr. Hariow, Matrruew, Dr. W. D., Carkins, Pror. Gary N., Mayer, Arrrep G., Crampton, Pror. Henry E., MerKEL, Hermann, W., CraNDALL, Lee S., Morcan, Pror. THomas H., Davenport, Dr. Cartes B., Osporn, Pror. Henry Fatrriep, Dean, Dr. Basturorp, Osspurn, Dr. Raymonn C., Dirmars, R. L., Scuvutte, Pror. H. vonW., Dutrcner, WILLIAM, Scorr, Dr. Grorce G., Grant, Manison, Seton, Ernest THompson, Grecory, Dr. Wiriiam K., SHELDON, CHARLES, GRINNELL, Georce B., Srockarp, Dr. Cuartes R., Gupcer, Pror. E. W., TownsEND, Dr. Cuartes H., Harttey, G. INNess, Wirson, Pror. Epmunp B., Sustaining Members Baker, Georcr F., Hoe, Ricuarp M., Forp, James B., Hype, Mrs. CLarENCE, Hamirton, Wm. Pierson, MorGan, J. P., Havemeyer, F. C., Scuirr, Jacon H., Hor, Mrs. Ricuarp M., Srewarr, LispENARD, Srureis, Frank K., Aunual Members \nuorr, Mrs. Marie M., Apams, Tuarciuer M., \neet, Joun H., Apams, Mrs. Warren S., \nercrombBre, Davin T., Apams, Mrs. Wm. Crirrennen, \ns-Hacen, Ernst, Avrere, Miss Exxren Lourse, \cuexis, Frirz, "Agnew, Anprew G., Acnueis, Jonn, Aanew, Mrs. Cornenius R., Anam, Hueco S., Jr., *AITKEN, JOHN W.,, \pams, Frepericx B., Axupricu, Mrs. James IlermMan, \pams, Mas. F. T., Aexanper, Mrs. Crarves B., \npams, Joun Duwnnan, Aexanpber, DouaGtas, Drcrasep ‘The class of Fellows of the New York Zoological Society was organized early in 1909, and includes members of the Society who are working, and scientific zoologists. TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT ALEXANDER, Frank D., ALEXANDER, Mrs. Henry Appison, ALEXANDER, Mrs. WILLIAM, ALEXANDRE, Mrs. Joun E., “ALEXANDRE, J. Henry, ALEXANDRE, Mrs. J. Josern, ALLAND, Maurice, ALLEN, Ernan, ALLEN, FreDeRIC Win vrrtRor, ALLIEN, FREDERICK, ALtscuHut, C., “AmEND, Roserr F., Amory, CopLey, Ams, Cuartts M., Amy, Ernest J. H., ANTS ely es ANDERSON, ARCHIBALD J. C., Anverson, Mrs. J. Scorv, Annerson, P. CHAUNCEY, ANDREINI, J. M., ANbDREWS, GWYNNE M., APPLETON, Francis R., APPLETON, JAMES W., ARCHBOLD, JOHN F., ArcHBOLD, Mrs. J. F., Arcuer, Mrs. Greorce A., AnreEenp, F. J., Armour, Grorce A., Armour, Mrs. Herman O., *“Armstrone, J. H., ARNOLD, Mrs. Guover C., ARTZ, C. Wis AsHMuUN, Bernarp I., ASPINWALL, J. LAWRENCE, “Astor, JOHN JACOB, Astor, VINCENT, Atwater, Ricuarp M., Jr., Avucuinctioss, Mrs. C. C. AvucHINCLoss, Mrs. Enear S., JR., AvcHINCLoss, Mrs. Enear S., Sr., Avucuinctoss, Hueu, AUCHINCLOss, JoHN W., AvERBACH, Mrs. Josepu S., Aycrice, B. Arruur, Aymar, Mrs. Jose, Bacue, Jutss S., Bacon, Grorce W., Bacon, WentTwortnH C., Bacon, Mrs. Roserv, Bacc, Dr. Crurnton, L., BaunseEn, C., Battey, Mrs. James M., *Baxer, Cuas. D., Baker, STEPIIEN, Baker, Wo. F., Batpwin, Arpery H., BaLpwin, Frepericx H., Baxtpwin, Jarep G., Jr., Baruarp, Epwarp I.., BaLLarD, SUMNER, BamBACH, CHRISTIAN, Bancs, Francis S., *Bancs, Dr. L. Borron, Banxs, TuHeopore H., Banwnarp, Orro T., Barpey, Henry G., Barcray, Mrs. Recin ap, Bartow, Peter Townsenp, Barnarp, J. AvGustus, Barnes, Epwarp W., Barnes, JAMEs, “Barnes, Mrs. Joun S., Barney, A. L., Barney, AsHBELL H., Barney, Eneoar S., Barney, Mrs. J. Srewarr, Barnum, Wituiam M., Barron, Georcr D., Bartietrr, Priir G., Barrot, Henry G., Barton, Enpwarp Rirrennouse, *Barton, Wis E., Bates, Dr. W. H., Barterson, James G., Baver, Oswatp A., Bauer, R. M., *BauUMANN, GusTAv, Bayarp, Louis P., Bayures, Epmunp L.., *Bayuies, Mrs. Natarie E.., Bayuis, WiLiiaM, Bayne, Mrs. L. P., PBracu, Wii11aMm N., *BEADLESTON, ALFRED N., Beapieston, Miss Enirn, *Beat, WituiaM R., Brat, JEREMIAH, Berse, Water H., BEEKMAN, GERARD, Beers, Mrs. FE. LeGranp, Benr, Rosert, Bers, Wouis) Ve; Bez, Parx E., Beier, A., Betier, Witi1AMm F., Bement, Epwarp, Benn, Mrs. Georce, BEneEpicrT, JAMEs H., Benepict, LEMvEL C., BenxarpD, Harry H., Benxkarb, Mrs. Harry H., Bengamin, GrorcGe Powe tt, Benson, R. T.AwreENCE, Benson, Miss Mary, *Benson, Rorerr, Benis, H., “DECEASED Li 18 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Benton, ANvrew A., Berens, Dr. T. Passmore, BerNnarb, Pierre ARNOLD, Bernueim, Georce B., BerNuHeEIMeER, Cuartes L., *BeRNHEIMER, Simon E., BerotzHeEImMer, E.., Berrron, S. R., BETHELL, F. H., Brier, Mrs. Syivan, Bicgetow, WitiiaM S., Biccs, Mrs. Hermann, M., Bisur, ABRAIIAM, Bitiincs, Freperick, Biiurncs, C. K. G., BincuHaM, Kennetu F., BimcuaLi, Mrs. Wn. H., BrrcHaty, W. H., *Binp, Georce, Brack, Mrs. Roserr C., BLAGDEN. GEORGE, Briacpen, Mrs. Georcr, Bracpen, Mrs. Junia G., ‘Bram, 1, C.; Burair, J. INsLeEy, Bram, Mrs. Lepyarp, Briaxkestee, Mrs. Tueron J., *BraxKrEsteEE, I. J., *Buiss, Ernest C., Buiss, Mrs. Warren Pitevrs, Buiss, Miss A., Buss, Miss S. D., Bxioopcoop, Roserr I., BLoomiINGpALe, Mrs. Josevrit b., Bross, James O., Borse, Quincy Warp, “Boetrcer, H. W., Borrrcer, ‘Viropone, Bocert, Enywarp C., Borssevain, G. I.., Botton, Miss Euia I., Boiron, Witiiam H., Bonn, Henny R., Jn., Bonp, STerueNn N., Bonner, G. T., Booru, Mrs. AuGusira, Boorn, nos S., Bontz, A. E., Bortanp, J. NELson, *Bortanpn, Mrs. Joun, Bortanno, Witiiam G., "Bostwick, Avsertr C., Bouvron, Wititiam B., Bowpoin, Miss Eorrit G., Bowporn, Greonce Tempe, Bowporn, Mas. Temvre, Bowen, Cranence Wintrirrop, Bowen, James, Bowne, Francis Draven, Boypven, Dwicur F., *Brackert, GeorceE C., BrapDiey, ALLAN B. A., *Brapy, JAMES BUCHANAN, *Brapy, Mrs. J. R., Brapy, Nicnoras F., Brann, Oscar J., BrEEsE, JAMEs L., Bremer, Avucust F., BRENGLE, LAWRENCE J., Brewster, Mrs. BENJAMIN, *Brewster, Mrs. Cuartes O., Brewster, Georce S., Brinvces, Roserr, Brices, James E., *BrINCKERHOFF, Evserr A., BriIncKERHOFrF, ALEX. G., Brisro.t, Joun I. D., Bristow, Witiiam B., BropMERKEL, CHarves, JR., Brokaw, Cuiirrorp V., Brokaw, Mrs. Cuirrorp V., Bronson, Dr. Epwarp Benner, Brooxs, Miss Berra, Broucuron, Mrs. U. H., Brower, Grorce V., Brower, Mrs. Cuaries Stee, *Brown, Hon. Anpison, Brown, Cuarwes F., Brown, Dickson Q., Brown, Evwin H.,, Brown, Con. FRANKLIN Q., Brown, Joun Barker, Brown, Ricuarp E., Brown, STEPHEN P., Brown, Mrs. ‘Tuomas E., Brown, VERNON CARLETON, *Brown, Waxpron P., BrowninG, Witiiam H., Brownine, J. A., Brunnice, Miss Exuizanern B., *Brunnow, Ruvorriu E., *Bryan, Georce J., *Bryant, Dr. Joseru D., Bryce, Miss Mary 'T., “Bryce, Mrs. WILLIAM, "Bryce, Miss Epirit, Bryson, T. B., *BucHANAN, WILLIAM, Buckner, Mortimer Norron, Buckner, ‘Tuomas A., Bupp, Henny A.,, Buecuner, C. rep, BuLKLeY, Eywin M., Buikuey, Mrs. Envwin M., Buikiey, L. Duncan, Buz, J. Evaar, *DerceAsep TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT UBS, *Bouni, WitwamM L., *CHAUNCEY, Exiiiv, Burven, James A., Jr., Cuaves, Jose Epwanp, Burven, Mrs. W. A. M., Cueney, Georce L., Burcess, Enwarp G., Cueney, Louis R., Burieicu, Mrs. Georce W., Cueney, Mrs. Knigur Dexter, Jr., Burnuam, Mrs. Wo. A., Cuitp, Mrs. Lewis P., *Burnuam, Mrs. Douctas W., Cuixps, Eversiey, Burritt, Enwarp L.., Cups, Srartine W., Burrows, Wirson A., Cuitps, Wiitt1am H., *Busu, Joun S., Cuisuorm, Mrs. Hucu J., Sr, Busk, Frep T., Croats, Josern K., Burter, Arruvur W., Curistiancy, Grorce A. C., *Burirr, Cuartes D., Cruss, Percy, Burier, Crartes Stewart, Cuorcn, Cuaries T., *Butter, Mrs. P. H., Cuurcn, E. D., Jr., Burrer, Miss Virernta, Cuurcn, Grorce H., Byrne, Mrs. James, CuurcH, F. S:, Cazor, F. H., Cuourcn, Louis P., Carsar, Henry A., *Cuurcu, Tneopore W., CaHEN, Jutius P., CuLariin, JOHN, Caun, Arrucr L., Crancy, JoHn Evanrs, *Carer, Amos H., Crarp, A. P., CALLENDER, WALTER R., Crark, Cuas. Hopkins, Cartman, Henry L., Crark, Cruarrtes Martin, CamMMann, Epwarp C., Crark, D. Crawrorp, CaMMANN, Henry Lorixiarp, Criark, Epwarp H., CamMMaNN, Herman H., Crark, Mrs. Epwarp Harpy, CampBeLtL, Donaxp, Crark, Miss EK. Maset, CanveEE, Howarp S., Crark, Herserr L., Canrietp, Grorce Forcer, Crark, J. Francis Atoystus, *CaNNON, JAMEs G., *Ciark, J. MircHert, Cawnosert, A. H., Crark, Mrs. Joun C., Carey, Freperick IF, Crarx, JoHn W., Cartron, Newcoms, Crark, Miss Martan AVERELL. CaRPENDER, WILLIAM, Crarx, W. A., CanrPENDER, C. L., Crane, E. Al iS: Cartier, P. C., Criarxke, Lewis L., Case, Henry P., CrarkeE, THOMAS Sites, Case, J. Herserv, Crarkxe, THomas B., Cass, Cuartes ANDERSON, *CLAUSEN, GeEorGE C., CassarD, WILLIAM J., Ciemens, Dr. James B., *CaswELL, JoHN H., Crews, Mrs. James B., Carucarr, Miss Jennie R.,, Crype, Witiiam P., Certo, Mrs. Georce, Cocuran, Mrs. Girrorp A., Cuanor, Treopore J., Cocuran, G. D., Cuatmers, Arruur A., CocHraneE, A. W.S., CHAMBERLAIN, Witttam B., Cocxcrorr, Miss E. V., Cuambers, Frank R., Cocxran, Mrs. W. Bourke, Cuamebers, Hinary R., *Copman, Mrs. Ocpen, Crramsers, Miss KaruertNne, Cor, Cuartes A., *CHAMPOLLION, ANDRE, Corrin, Francis A., Crampoinion, Mrs. Anpre C., CorFrin, Wii11aAm Epwarp, Ciuanter, Rozerr W., Corrin, Mrs. Srureis, Cuarin, Miss Marta Bowen, Corsurn, Abert E., “CHAPMAN, ARTHUR, Cotny, Howarp A., CuarmMan, Miss Fanny, Corte, Epwarp F., Cuarpman, Henry Oris, Corr, Mrs. Rurus, CHAPMAN, Joun Jay, Coruier, Mrs. R. J., * DECEASED 20 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Couns, CLarENCE LyMan, *Currinc, W. Bayarp, *Coxiitns, Miss GERTRUDE, Currinc, Mrs. W. Bayarp, *Cotiins, Dr. Stacy Bupp, Currine, Heywarp, Cort, Harris D., Cuyzer, Miss Eveanor veG., Corvin, Wituiam S., *Daas, MARTIN, Corr, Ricwarp C., DapMuN, Georce E., Consoy, Martin, Damey, GRanvILLe F., Conxuin, Rorann R., Datuett, Freperic A., Comstock, Mrs. H. G., DauziEL, Mrs. F. Y., Cone, Frepericx H., *Damon, Witt1aMm E., ConHEIM, HERMANN, Davenport, Mrs. Ira, Conxuinc, Pavutr B., Davince, Witit1am H., CoNNELL, HERBERT STANLEY, Davies, Mrs. Frepertck M., ConTENT, Harry, Daviks, J. CLARENCE, Converse, Miss Mary E., Davies, JULIEN TApPan, Conway, Mrs. Maup Axr1rs, *Davis, Danret A., ConyNGHAM, JOHN N.,, Davis, Davin T., Coox, Mrs. Cuartes T., Davis, GHERARDI, Coombe, T. Gorton, Davis, How1anp, Cooper, THEODORE, *Davis, Joseru P., Corsetr, Mrs. Henry L., Davis, Morcan, Corin, AUSTIN, Davis, W. J., CorteELL, WILLttaAM WALLACE, Davison, Miss Exra H., Coruies, Howarp, Davison, Miss Antce M., Cornewi, Miss Emity L&Errerts, Davison, Mrs. Henry P., Cornine, C. R., Day, Miss Laura V., Coster, Miss Syzvia veG., *Day, Mrs. Henry Mirts, Cowp1n, WINTHROP, DEaneE, W. B., -*CowLEs, Davin S., DrForesr, Rosperr W., *Cox, Cuarues F., bE CrarrmMont, Dr. A., Cox, JENNINGs S., DecEneR, J. F., "Cram, Mrs. Katrurine G., Dr Forest, Henry W., “CRANE, JONATHAN, H., DeGorcounta, A. V., Crane, Mrs. Jonatuan H., pE Herepra, Mrs. Carios M., Craic, Dr. Burverre P., DevaFrreLp, Enwarp C., Cravatru, Mrs. Paur D., DeLaFrieLD, FrepericK P., Crawrorp, Rosert L.., DeELaAFIELD, Lewis L.., Crawrorp, WiLLIAM, “Dexnarieip, Miss Junia Lavrnesron, Crimmins, THoMaAs, DrELaNno, EUGENE, Crocker, Ropert S., DeLano, Warren, Crocker, Wititam 'T., Detano, Moreau, Crocker, Epwarp, Detanoy, Wit1iaM C.,, *“Cromwe iy, Freperic, pEIL.AuGIER-V1ILLARS, CoUuNTESS, Cromwe.i, James W., pe Lone, Mrs. Grorce B., CroMwe.., LINCOLN, Demine, L. C., Crosny, MAuNsELL S., Derew, Mrs. Cuauncey M., Cross, Mrs. C. VANDERBILT, peERuam, Mrs. H. Casimir, Cross, Groroe D., Dery, D. Groncre, Cross, W. RepmMonp, Drsparp, Warrer D., Crosstey, G. ReGoin arn, Dr Tynro, Ianacio, CRUICKSHANK, JAMES, Devereux, Water B., Cunninouam, W. vel.., DeViInnNE, T. B., Cunien, H., DeVinne, Treropore Low, Cunrney, J. B., ‘DeWrrr, Grorce G., Curtis, F. K., Dry, ANTHONY, CusumMan, Cannes V. B., Dryo, Ronertr E., Curren, Raurn I.,., Dick, Mrs. F’arrman Rogers, Corrine, R. Furron, peZaLpo, rerepicK, Drcrasep TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT Dickerson, E. N., Dickey, Mrs. Cuartes D., Dickinson, JoHN W., Dickinson, Mrs. L. M., Dickinson, Mrs. Joun M., Dieut, Georce H., Dient, Georce H., Jr., Dienst, A. P., *DiesteLt, WILLIAM, Dixe, Oscar D., Ditton, W. B., Ditwortn, Jos. R., Dinsmore, Mrs. W. B., Dixon, THeopore P., Dopp, Miss Grerrrupe, Dover, CLEVELAND E., Doncer, Francis P., “Dover, Miss Grace H., Dover, Mrs. CLeveLAnp H., Dover, Mrs. Marsuatu J., Doume, Joun D., Dominick, H. BLancuarp, Dommenricn, Orrto L., *Dommenricn, L. F., DonaLp, Miss Anna E., Donaupson, Rosert M., Doremus, F. S., Doustepay, F. N., Dovucias, Wi111AM H., Dovuctass, ALFRED, Down, JoseruH, Down, Mrs. Josepn, Dowuine, Epwarp D., Downer, J. Hatsey, Downey, Joun L., Dows, Davin, Sr., Dows, Mrs. Davin, Dows, Tracy, *DRAKENFIELD, B. FERDINAND, Draper, Dr. Wirii1am K., Drayton, J. CoL—EMAN, Drayton, W. Heywarp, 3rp, Drexet, Mrs. JouHn R., Droescuer, S. R., Drummonp, I. Wyman, DuBois, Dr. Eucene F., DuBors, Dr. Marruew B., Durer, Mrs, DENNING, Duet, Dr. Artuur B., Durer, Mrs. Jonn BEVERLEY, “Duties, WILLIAM, JR., Duncan, Mrs. Joun P., Duncan, Sruart, Duncan, Mrs. Srvart, “Duncan, W. Burt ier, Dunpas, RatpH Worts, Dunuam, Dr. Carro1t, “Dunnam, Mrs. G. H., DunuaM, Lewis I.., Dunn, Gano, Durxes, A. W., Durxee, Ricuarp P. H., Durkee, Mrs. R. P. H., Duryea, Mrs. H. B., Durcuer, JoHN GeErRow, DuVat, Mrs. Horace C., Dwicnut, JouHn E., Dwicut, Mrs. Wintruror, Dyer, Mrs. E. Tirrany, EAGLE, JoHN H., Eames, JOHN C., Eastman, Miss ANNE K., Easton, Cuarzes Purp, Eaton, Mrs. Frepericx H., Eset, M. C., EBERHART, CHARLES, EBERMANN, Mrs. Ernest, Ecx, WitiiaMm J., Ecxart, Epmunp, *“Enear, D., Enear, Herman LIL. R., Kpnear, Mrs. Newsortp LrRoy, Epnear, Mrs. J. Ciirron, *“EpGELL, GEORGE S., Epmonps, JoHN W., *Epwarps, WILLIAM SrYMourR, Ecer, THeopor G., Keerton, M., Enret, Louis J., 4IDLITZ, RoBert J AMES, Exers, Kart, Eprivce, Frederick 1.., Exprince, Lewis A., Exprivcr, Witiiam T., Exuis, Wittram D., ExiswortnH, Mrs. J. W., Ex.itswortH, LIncoin, Exrtinc, Dr. ArtHur W., EMANUEL, J. H., JR., Emnrury, Mrs. JAmMes W., Emerson, Mrs. Witiiam, EKumet, Miss Lypta F., Emmet, Ropert TEMPLE, Enpicorr, Rosert, "Eno, JoHN CHESTER, {nwo, Miss Mary Pincnor, ErpMANN, Martin, ErpMann, WILLIAM, ERLANGER, Miron S., Essperc, Henry, Ertiincer, Louis, Esrasprook, Arriur I°., Eustis, Joun E., *Evans, Ricuarp, Evans, S. M., Evarts, A. W., * DECEASED 21 22 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Evarts, Miss Mary, Fosrer, Giraup, EveLAND, FRANK, Foster, Macoms G., Everett, A. L., Foster, Scorr, Ewinec, Joseru G., Fow rer, Mrs. ANDERSON, Fapspri, ALESSANDRO, Fow er, CHARLEs, JR., Fanprr, Ernesto G., *Fow er, THomas Powe tt, Fassrt, Mrs. Ernesto G., Fox, Miss Arice Brieecuer, Faper, EBerHarp, Fox, Huen F., *“Fanwestrock, Harris C., *FRALEY, JOHN U., Faunestock, Dr. Ernest, Frank, Louis, Farnestrock, Mrs. Ernest, Franko, NaTHAN, Faunestock, WILLIAM, Fraser, ALeEx. J., Farrcuitp, BensamiIn L., Fraser, Arex. V., Famcuitp, Mrs. C. S., Fraser, Mrs. Georce C., Farrcuitp, SAMuEL W.,, *Fraser, Mrs. Georce S., Faris, Mrs. DeWirr Criinton, Fraser, Miss J. K., *Fatx, Gustav, *Fraser, WILi1AM C., *Farco, JAMEs C., Freeman, Miss Gertrupe A., Fariey, Mrs. Gusravus, Jr., FrencH, DanieEt C., Fartey, CoLvin, Frencn, Mrs. Joun, Farnam, WM. W., Frencu, Miss L. H., Farnuam, PAavuLpine, “Prep, SAMSON, Farquuar, Percivar, Fries, Dr. Harorp I1., Farr, Mrs. A. M., FrissEtt, A. S., Farrevyt, JAMEs C., Frost, Aaron V., Farrevry, T. Cuarces, FrorHINGHAM, JoHN W., Fay, Francis B., Funp, Frxrx, Fecutic, Dr. Sr. GeorceE, *Funtpa, Dr. CLEMENS, *Fettows, Wir11AmM Gorpon, -Furier, Cuarres D., Fercuson, Miss Exizaseru D., Fourier, Mrs. EuGene, *Fercuson, Rev. Henry, FunKE, Epmunp A., Frercuson, WILLIAM C., *Furniss, Miss CLEMENTINA, Fruss, Carr. ANprew W., GarLiard, Mrs. Wm. O., FreustMAN, Leon P., GALLATIN, ALBERT, Fieip, Mrs. Avucustus B., GALLATIN, Mrs. ALBERT, Piero, Mrs. Witi1aM I1., GALLATIN, GoELer, lietpinG, Georce 'T., GaLLatTin, Mrs. Gore, Fincu, Epwarp B., GaLLaway, Merritt W., Fincke, Mrs, ReGinap, Gattownur, W. G., Fiscuer, Wittiam H., Garpiner, Cuarres B., Fisn, Mrs. Hamivron, Garrett, Miss Laura B., Fisuer, Pror. Irvine, Garretr, Joun W., Fisuer, L. G., Garrison, Mrs. J. H., Fracrer, Harry Harkness, Garrerrson, Miss Heten Jay, tannery, Mrs. Joseru A., Gautier, Dupiey G., ILeriscHuMaNNn, Uno M.,, Gayiey, Mrs. Garpiner, FLerrMann, Frepenick T., Gepprs, Donaup G., Fireminc, Henry S., Garrarp, Miss Maroarer I1., Finemine, Marruew C., Gernisu, Joun Brown, Furnt, Austin, Gerry, Perer G., I‘noyp-Jones, Epwanrp I1., Gerry, Roserv L.., Four, FRANz, Gerry, Henry N., Foor, Sanpronp Dwiairr, Ginnerr, CLINTON, ‘Foor, James D., Giupers.eEveE, Hon. H. A., Foran, Groner J., Giniesrier, Ronerr MeM., orp, Miss Lestra, Gites, Epwin J., Forpyce, Joun A,, Guisey, Henny, losren, Kowann W., Guiazier, Henny S., *Drcrasep TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 23 Guyn, W. E., Goapsy, W. H., *Gopparb, Freperic N., Gopparp, Mrs. Freperic N., Goprrey, Mrs. E. D., GoLDMANN, JULIUS, GoLDMANN, NaTHAN, Goon, Rev. Rosert, Goopuue, Cuartes E., *GoopHvE, Mrs. S. C., Goopwin, Georce B., Goopwin, Mrs. J. J., Goopwin, James I.., GoopwiN, GRENVILLE, Goopwin, H. Sacer, Goopwin, Joun B. L., GoopwIn, Watter L.., Goopwin, Water L., JR., Gorvon, Miss Crara J., GorTHELF, CHARLEs, Gorrnetr, Herman, GorrHotp, ArrHur F., GorrHoLpd, FREDERIC, Goutp, Cuartes A., GouLp, Cuarites W., Goup, Dr. Freperic S., Govutp, Epwin, Goutp, Mrs. Epwin, Grar, WILLIAM, Gramam, Mrs. Georce S., *Grant, R. S., Grant, LAWRENCE, Grant, Mrs. De Forest, Graves, Grorce Cor, Graves, Henry, JR., Gravss, J. P., Gray, Henry G., Gray, Mrs. H. WintHRop, GREENE, G. S., JR., GREENOUGH, JOHN, GreenoucH, Mrs. Joun, *GrEENWOOD, Isaac J., Greenwoop, Josepu R., GREER, CHARLES, Greer, Mrs. Louis Morris, Gries, WiLt1AM G., “GrirFiIn, Mrs. Wit11Am P., GrirritH, Miss Marcaretre E., GrirFitH, Miss Susan D., Grice, Harry K., GriInNELL, E. Morean, Griscom, CLEMENT A., JR., Griswoxp, Mrs. F. Gray, “GRISWOLD, GEORGE, GrRUNDNER, M., Gross, Frank, GUGGENHEIM, Harry F., GUGGENHEIM, SIMON, GuGGennemMer, Mrs, Kxiza, GuinzBure, A. M., Guiteras, Dr. Ramon, GuRNEE, WatteR S., Haas, Georce C., Harren, JoHn M., *Hacarp, RowLanp Gipson, Hace, Joun D., Haicut, Cartes S., Hatrnes, Cuartes D., Harxertr, Mrs. Sarat SToKeEs, Earn Aa: Hatt, Frank L., * HALLE, JACQUES S., Hattock, Cuartes P., Hats, WILLIAM, JR., Hatsty, CuHarites W., Hatsey, Herpert Drake, *Hatsteap, Miss L. P., Hamann, WILLIAM A., Hamesteron, T. Epwarp, Hamerstey, Louis Gornon, *Hamirton, Miss ADELAIDE, Hamitton, Miss Enizapetu S., Hamixtton, Mrs. Witt1am Pierson, *“HammMonn, JAMEs B., Hammonp, Mrs. Jonn Henry, Hammonpn, Ocpven H., Hammonp, WiILui1AmM F., Hance, Joun A., *HAaNsMANN, Cart A., *Harp, Anson W., *Harp, Mrs. Anson W., Harmon, Mrs. Crirrorp, Harper, Larurop C., Harriman, Mrs. Herserr M., Harriman, W. A., Harrison, Mrs. W. Henry, Harris, Cuaries C., Hart, Harorp G., HartsnHorne, J. M., HassLacuer, JACOB, Hastines, Mrs. Tomas, HarHaway, CHARLEs, Havemeyer, Henry, Havemeyer, J. C., Haven, Georce G., Haven, J. Woopwarp, Havens, ALBerT G., Hawx, Mrs. Witt1am SAMUEL, “Hayes, Mrs. R. Tomers, Haynes, Witit1aAm DeForest, Hazen, Georce H., Hecurt, Rupotr, Hecker, Dr. Anton J., Heck, GeorceE C., Hecxscuer, Mrs. AvucGust, Hences, Jos FE., * DECEASED 24 NEW YORK Hee, Henry, JR., “Herman, ABRAHAM, Herman, E., Heintz, JouHN C., *HeEITEMEYER, CLEMENS, Hemmine, H. G., HENCKEN, HANCKE, Hienperson, JouN B., *Henpricks, FRANCIs, Henperson, NorMAN, Henry, Francis A., HennineG, Emi F., Hepsurn, Mrs. A. Barron, HerMaNnn, Bernarp F., Hermann, Mrs. Ferpinanp, “HerMANN, FERDINAND, Herrick, Haroxp, “Herrman, Mrs. Esruer, Herrwan, Mrs. Henry S., Herver, Mrs. ALBert, Hess, SeLtmMar, Hewirr, Mrs. Apram S., Hewirr, Miss Saran C., Hewirr, Herserr H., Hewirr, Perer Cooper, Hrxamer, A. P., Hicks, E. Prerront, Hicks, Joun M. W., Hicetns, Ricnarp H., Hiceinson, Mrs. J. J., bir. B., Hirt, Roserr C., Hinis, Dr. Avrrep K., HincuMan, WALTER, Hincxriey, Mrs. Samuen NEILson, Hines, Miss Heren MAcCFraRLANe, Hinp, SAMUEL, Hirscu, Cuarues S., HirscuLann, Franz H., Hocuscnuitp, Berruorn, Hovcrs, Harrison B., Hor, Mrs. Roser, Horrman, Crartes FrepericKk, Hovrman, Miss M. U., Horrman, Mrs. Winiiam M. V., Hoos, James A., Horsrook, Mrs. Kowann, *"Hoxipen, Enowin R., Hoxiisrer, Grorce C., "Houustrer, Witiiam I., Hoxrrer, Mrs. EF. O., Homes, Henny F., Hoorey, Enwin S., Hooker, Dr. Ransom S., Hlopkins, Russevn, Hoppin, Miss FRANCES, Horrin, Hamivron L.., Horrixn, Wittiam W., Jn, ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Hornapay, Mrs. J. C., Horr, L. Wiritam, Horsman, Epwarp J., JR., Hosxier, H. C., *Horcuxin, W. B., HovusMAN, CLARENCE J., HlowrEEL, 23 AS, “How ann, Henry E., Howxranb, Mrs. Henry F., Hoyt, Axrrep O., Hoy, CoLeate, Hoyt, Epwin, Hoyr Mrs. Henry R., Hoyt, Mrs. Jesse, Hoyt, Joun S., Hoyt, Miss VirGinta Scorvr, Hoyt, Watrter S., Husparp, Water C., Horr, E. S., Huse, Ricwarp J. E., Huncerrorp, Ricuarp S., Hunn, Artruur B., Huntineton, Mrs. Roserr P. Huntinetron, Forp, *Huntineton, Rev. W. R., Hunrman, Rey. Gerarp H., Hupret, J. Curistian G. Huriput, Frank M., Husrep, Miss M. Karnarine, Hustep, Seymour L.., Jr., Huvenins, Aucusrus SCHELL, Hurcnins, Harrey D., Hurcninson, Cary T., Hurrer, Kart, Huyien, C.D: Hvuytrr, F. D., Hype, Avucustus L., Hype, B. T. Bassrrr, Hype, Dr. FrepertcKk E., Hype, Mrs. Wiiuiam FL., Hype, W. Trustow, Hype, Mrs. FE. Francis, InpekeN, AntTuoNny G,, LOAMR sO uss Incnues, Greorce B., Incersott, Roxerr I[1., Innis, WittiaAM R., Irons, Henry C., Iseuin, C. Oxiver, Isexin, Miss GrorGine, IsELIN, JoHN H., Isexin, Miss Louise M., Iseuin, Wintniam K., Isexin, Mrs, Wit1u1Am E., Isexin, WinniaAm O'DONNELL, Isuam, Crarres B., “Isi1amM, SAMUEL, Isnam, Witniam B., "DrcRASED. TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT IskAEL, Leon, *Jacxson, Dr. Grorce 'T1H0oMAs, *Jacxson, R. C., Jackson, R. Hatsey, *Jackson, SAMUEL MACAULEyY, Jacos, LAWRENCE, J acon, Dr. A., Jacoks, SAMUEL K., Jacognus, JOHN S., JACQUELIN, Hersert T.. B., James, Mrs. Artuur Curtiss, James, Henry, JR., James, Dr. Rosert C., James, Mrs. Worruam, James, Mrs. Water B., * Janeway, Dr. Epwarp G., Jenkins, Mrs. Grace Hartrey, JENKINS, A. W., JENKINS, Mrs. HeEten H., JENKINS, J. D., *JENKINS, MICHAEL, JENKINS, WILLIAM B., ‘JENKINS, MattrHew C., Jenks, Roserr I., JENNINGS, Freperick B., *JENNINGS, PHILANDER R., JENNINGS, SIDNEY J., JENNINGS, WALTER, Jesup, Mrs. James R., Jesup, Ricuarp M., Joun, Rosert, Jounson, F. Corr, Jounson, Guy B., JOHNSON, GiLBerT H., Jouwnston, J. HERBERT, Jounston, WILLIAM J., *JoLINE, ApR1IAN HoFrrMan, Jones, Mrs. A. Mason, Jones, Mrs. CapwaabDeEr, Jones, Cuartes H., Jones, H. Boiron, *Jones, Dwicut A., Jones, Lewis Q., *JoneEs, TOWNSEND, Jupson, H. I., Kaun, Fenix E., Kann, Louts, Kaun, Dr. Roperr J., Kane, Mrs. Arruour S., Kane, Mrs. DeLancey, KarcHeErR, Frank J., KaRrELsEN, Epn A., Kast, Dr. Lupwie, Kean, Hamirtron Fisn, Kean, Mrs. Hamittron F isn, KeecH, Franx B., KeEexer, Mrs. C. B., Keen, Barron L., Kei, Henry F., KErLCHNER, WILLIAM W., “Ketitocc, Mrs. Cuaries, Kewioce, J. PRENTICE, “KELLY, EUGENE, Ketty, Horace R., KENNEDY, Epwarp G., KENNEDY, Mrs. Joun STEWART, 25 Kennepy, Mrs. H. Van RENSSELAER, KENNERLY, Miss M. M., Kent, Epwin C., Kepuart, Rey. Witiiam H., Kepret, Davin, * KEPPEL, FREDERICK, Kernan, Mrs. Watter N., KretcuHam, Irvine M., KEUFFEL, W. G., Kryes, Mrs. Cuarztes W., Keyser, Mrs. SAMUEL, KimBatt, ALrreD R., Kine, Aucusrus F., Kine, Miss Eien, Kine, Miss ErHet, Kine, JAmeEs Gore, Kine, Mrs. J. Howarp, Kine, Mrs. Leroy, Kincsspury, Natuan C., KinoGstannb, Mrs. Witiiam M., Kinestey, W. M., KINNEY, WARREN, ItaNNEy, Mrs. Warren, *Kinnicutt, Dr. Francis P., Kir, W. Rutorr, KirkHam, Wiiuiam B., Kissam, Mrs. Maupe, KisseL, Mrs. W. Torn, KirrreDGE, SamMueL Dana, Kitz, JOSEPH, Kraw, Marc, *KLEE, BENJAMIN, Knapp, ARNOLD, Kwapp, Mrs. Harry K., Jr, Knapp, Mrs. JosEpH PALMER, Knicut, Cuarues R., KNoepter, Rotanp F., Koenter, H. C., KoHLMAN, CHARLES, Kouusaat, Miss Eniru M., Kors, Greorce C., Jr., Kos, FREDERICK, Korres, Dr. Henry M., Konvra, ALEXANDER, Kraus, Sam, Kremer, WituiamM N., Krecu, Mrs. Atvin W., Kremer, Mrs. WituramM N., KrunscHew, C. D., KuempPeL, Max, * DECEASED. 26 KuuN, AvGust, Kvun, JvuLivs, Kunuarpt, Henry R., Kurzman, Cartes C., Kuser, Joun Dryvden, Kuser, JoHN L., Kurrrorr, Aporr, Kurrrorr, FREDERICK, Lacomse, Hon. E. Henry, Lacat, Dr. Georce, Lanens, Mrs. Puese P., LaIMBEER, JOHN, JR., Lampert, Dr. ALEXANDER, Lamsert, Dr. A. V. S., LamBert, Dr. Samuet W., Lampert, Mrs. SamMvueL W., Lamsorn, A. H., ILa Monvracur, Miss Marte, Lamont, Mrs. THomas WILLIAM, Lanpaver, I. N., ILanpon, Francis G., Lane, Miss Annie E., LANE, Epwarp V. Z., LANE, JAMES WARREN, Lane, Wo corr G., Lance, Miss CarMen, *LANGELOTH, J., LanceLoru, Mrs. Jacos, *LANGMANN, Dr. Gustav, Lanier, Mrs. James F. D., LapnaM, Mrs. Joun J., Larstey, Miss ANNE W., Latrinc, Cnuaries P., “Lauper, GeorGe, Jr., Lauper, Mrs. Georce, Jn., LautrerBacu, Mrs., LAWRENCE, EMLEN N., LawreNCE, Joun Buerwine, LAWRENCE, JOHN L., Lawrence, Newsorp T., Lawrence, R. Warren, Lawrence, Mrs. Amory A., Lawrence, Hiram V., LAWRENCE, TOWNSEND, "Lawrence, Warten Bowen, Lawrence, Mrs. W. W., Lawrence, W. V., Lawton, Mrs. James MarsLann, Lea, Cranes M., Leacu, Henry Gopparp, *Learnep, WALTER, Lepuie, Grorce, Lepoux, Dr. Avnerr R., Lepyarp, Mus. Lewis C., Lee, Mrs. Irepenic S., Lee, Gronce C., ‘Lee, J. Bowens, Lerrents, Mansiaus C., NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Lecce, Georce, Leccetr, WarREN F., Leumater, JAmMeEs M., Leuman, Meyer H., LeLanp, Witrrep C., Lronnarp, J. Henry, LeRoy, Epwarp A., Levor, G., Lester, Grorce Bacon, LETKEMANN, H. V., Lever, S. H., Lewis, Mrs. Avcust, Lewis, Frepertc Eviiortr, *Lewis, Percy Pynr, Lewis, Dr. WILLIAM J., Lewisoun, AndoLren, LicuensteIn, Oscar R., Lis, J. W., Liezer, Dr. Hueco, Lincotn, Freperic W., Lircurietp, E. Huserr, Lircurietp, Epwarp H., [LicuENSTEIN, Patt, Livermore, Mrs. Joun R., Lorw1, Hueco V., Loew1, Dr. Karu J., Locan, Frank J., Loines, Russevy I1., l.oomis, Guy, *Loorp, Cuaries L.., *Lorp, Mrs. Georce DeForest, Low, Evue pert Ibe, Low, Wii11am GILMAN, JR., Lowett, Miss Cartorra Russery, LoweE.1, James B., Lowrner, Curisropner M., *LupEKE, A., Lupincron, C. H., Luptam, Marcoitm C., Luptow, Mrs. Banyer, *Lupitow, Rear-Apmirat NIcoir, Luptum, C. A., LvuepeR, A., Luxe, Davin L., Luke, JoHN G., Lusk, Pror. Granam, ‘Lummis, Miss Exiza O. B., l.urrceNn, WALTHER, Lyman, FRANK, l.ypic, Mrs. Patiip, McAurin, Mrs. Cuarres W., McAurin, Mrs. D. Hunter, Jr, McAupin, Grorce L., McBrine, Mrs. Herperr, McBurney, Cuartes L., McCaae, Louis B., McCauz, Ricuarp, McCoy, Dr. Joun, *DecrAsEeD TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT McCoy, J. C:, Meeker, Henry E., McCrea, W. S., MeeEm, James C., McCrerery, Mrs. Henry Fores, Ment, Henry, McCutton, J. S., Mernuarb, Morron H., *“McCurcHeon, JAMEs, Metoy, Anprew D., McGrecor, Rey. Roserr Gorvon, Messencer, Miss Marra Gerarp, McKeever, J. Lawrence, Meyer, EvcGene, Jr., McKim, Joun A., Meyer, Dr. Grorce W., McKim, Leroy, Meyer, Miss Hetoisr, McLane, Tuomas S., Meyrowitz, Emin B., McLean, James, Mienuinc, Cranes, McLean, Marsnatt, *MILBANK, ALBERT J., McManus, Enwanp F., MiLgurn, Joun G., *McMorrry, G., Mitten, Mrs. Exizaseriu C. T., McNair, WiiiiaM, Mitter, Mrs. Cyrus C., Mac Fappen, C. K., Mirrer, Mrs. Cuartes E., MAcFraRLANE, WALLACE, Mititer, Natwan J., Mack, Arruur C., Miter, Peyron F., Mac Nort, Mrs. Francis A., *Mirrer, Roswe tt, Macre, Joun, Mitten, W. W., Macer, F. Roserr, Mittet, Mrs. F. D., Marin, Franx H., Miniiken, Mrs. Gerrisnu H., Mate, Francis S., Mitrs, Asranam G., Mant, Pierre, Mitis, ANpreEw, Mant, Mrs. Pierre, Mitts, Freperic C., Mann, Witr1am p’AxtTon, Mitmine, C. E., Mares, Danirt, Jr., Montant, ALPHONSE, Mapes, Ernest S., Mircuer, Joun R., Mapes, Eucene E., Montcomery, CARLETON, Marckwatp, Axsert H., Moore, Mrs. Barrineton, Markuam, Roserr D., Moore, Castmir vEeR., Markor, Harry, Moore, Mrs. Casimir vER., Marxog, Dr. J. W., Moore, Cuartes Arrnor, JR., *Marsu, C. P., Moore, Miss K. T., MarsnHati, A. W. W., *Moore, Mrs. Russern WELLMAN, Marsuatr, Mrs. Cuauncey, Moorneap, Horace R., *“MarsHarrt, Cuaries H., Morawetz, Vicror, Marsu, CHarres Capron, Morean, Miss ANNE, Marston, Epwiwn S., Morean, Miss C. L.., Martin, Brapey, JR., Morean, Epwin D., *Martin, Howarp T., Morean, Mrs. J. B., Martin, Mrs. Suerton FE., Morean, Mrs. Pirrronv, Martin, Dr. Watton, Morcan, Junius S., Jr., *Martin, Witiiam R. H., Morean, Junius S., Martin, Mrs. Howarn Townsenp, Morean, Witiiam FELLowEs, *Martinez, Micuer R., MoreGan, Witxitam Forses, Jr., Marye, R. V., Mortis, Dave H., Masten, Arruur H., Morris, GouvERNEUR, Masters, Francis R., Morris, Lewis Spencer, Masrers, Miss, Morrison, N. H., Marner, SAMUEL, Morse, Mrs. Georce H., Marnevs, Mrs. Wirsur K., *Mortimer, Ricrwary, MAYER, JESSE, Morton, Mrs. Paut, Maxwe tt, Georcr T., Mostz, A. Henry, *Mayer, JoHN, Moss, Ernest J., Mayer, Mrs. Joseru B., MotteEy, Jas. M., Maywnarp, Mrs. Warrer E., Morr, Henry C., Meape, Ricrrarp W., Morr, Mrs. Joun Bowne, *DECEASED ~ 28 Morr, JouN Bowne, Movrron, Arruur J., Movetter, Cuantes F., Mutter, Cart, MUHLFELD, FRANK J., Mutuarr, Miss Saran G., Munroe, Henry W., Munsey, Franx A., MurGatrroyD, JoHN, Murtrua, THomas F., Murrpny, Mrs. Fenix Toner, Myers, WILtiam S., *NaEGELI, RoBert, Neiztson, Dr. Howanrpn S., NEILtson, WALLACE PuLarr, Netxes, Hueco C., Netson, James W., NESMITH, JAMES, *NeuMER, FERDINAND, NEuUMOEGEN, M. L.., NEUMOEGEN, Mrs. M. L., Neustapr, Mrs. S., NicHois, Acosta, NICHOLs, JOHN W. T., Nicotit, BensaMIN, Nickerson, HorrmMan, Nicott, Mrs. Bensamin, Nires, Rogerr L.., “Nose, ALFRED, Noxrker, Rosertr F., Norman, Mrs. Braprorp, Norriz, Miss Mary, Norrie, Mrs. E. L. Breese, Nortru, Georce B., Norton, W. P., NorMan, GEorGE, OperMayer, Crarves J., O’'ConneEte, Du, J: Hi, O’Connor, James B., Ocus, Avotru S., Oertrincer, Dr. P. J, OFrrerMAN, JOHN, Ocpen, Cuarrtes W., Ocnen, J. R.,, Ocpen, Miss Many F., Oumeis, Joun, Oumeis, P. M., Oxrcorr, Duprey, Oxcorr, Duprey, 2Np, Oxcorr, E. E., Our, Mas. Steruen H., Ourney, Exam Wann, OryrnHant, Roper, Onartivia, J. Vicronr, “Oppycke, Leonanrp K., OvenuyM, Geonrce J., Orrennueimen, Dr. Henny S., Orrenuemen, Davin E., NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Orpway, SamueEt H., Orru, CuHartes D., Osporn, Mrs. Henry Fairrterp, OrtINGer, Marx, OvuversrinGe, Mrs. Avoipu J., OvversrinGe, Dr. Paut, Owen, Henny E., PackarbD, Mrs. E. Winstow, Pace, Witiiam H., Partne, Mrs. Avucustus G., Painter, Dr. H. McM., PatmMeErR, EpGar, “PALMER, S.,'S:, Parmer, Dr. T. S., ParisH, WAINWRIGHT, Parisu, Mrs. Enwarp C., Parker, A. W.; Parker, Epwarp I.upLow, PARKER, JUNIUS, Parker, WIntTHROP, Parpart, Witiiam E., Parsons, Epwin, “Parsons, Mrs. Epwin, Parsons, Miss Gerrrupe, Parsons, Herperr, *Parsons, Joun E., Parsons, Mrs. Jonn FE., Parsons, Miss Mary, Parsons, Witttam Barcray, PartrioGe, Eywarp L.., Patron, Davin, Parrerson, Henry Sruarr, Patrerson, TI. H. Hoce, Payne, Mrs. Henry W., PEaBopy, STEPHEN, *Peanrson, |’. S., Pearson, Mrs. Frepenrick, Peck, Cuarres E., Peck, Leicesrer O., Peckram, Miss Marnie Louise, Precram, Epwarp S., PENDLETON, FRANCIS Key, PenroLtp, EpMuN», *PENFOLD, WILLIAM HAL, Penrose, Dr. Crtarres B., PERCIVAL, lu. “A. Di, Perkins, Mrs. Epwarp, Perkins, Ronerr P., Perry, Mrs. Witnttam A., Perry, Witiiam A., Perens, Mrs. Cuarres G., Pevrers, Winutam RiciMonn, Preteren, Curr G., Preimrer, Greorce, Vitetes, Mrs. Ansen, Puentes, Dr. Governeur M., Prarvi, Dr. Viram C., Pickiarptr, Cann, — *Decrasep TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 29 Piet, Gorrrrien, Proctor, THomas R., Pret, Micwaett, Proctor, Wm. Ross, Pierrepont, Miss ANNA Jay, Provost, Mrs. Cornettus W., Pierrepont, R. Sruyvesant, *Pryer, CHARLES, Pierson, Gen. J. Frep, Puuirzer, Mrs. Josern, *Prxe, RR: W., Puusirer, Mrs. N. T., Pittor, P. StuyvEsant, *Purnam, J. Bisnopr, Pincnor, Girrorp, Pyrite, D. H. McArrin, Pitney, Mrs. J: O. H., *Pyrte, JAMES TOLMAN, Prarr, Crrarres U., Pyze, Mrs. James Totman, Pratt, Frank H., Pyne, Mrs. M. Taynzor, Pratt, Henry B., Quincy, Cuarttrs F., Prati, I 1vincston, QuinvarD, Dr. Evwarp, PLATTEN, J. W., *“Raprorp, Harry V., *Priaur, ALBERT, *RaNDALL, Frank E., Potx, Dr. Wiiitam M., RanpoteH, Enymunp D., Porztock, Greorcr I., Ranpotpn, Witiiam W., Pomeroy, Dante. I., Ranrt, RicHarp, Pomroy, Mrs. H. K., RANGER, STANLEY, Ponpb, Miss Ftorence IJ.., *RascovaR, JAMES, Poor, Henry V., Rasmus, W. T., Port, G. D., Rasmus, W., Porter, ALEXANDER J., RatTHBORNE, Ricuarp C., Porter, Horace, RavucH, WIL1L1AM, Porter, Louis H., Raymonp, H. E., Porter, Wir11aM I.., *Reap, WILLIAM A.., Post, Apram S., Reap, Mrs. Wiii1am A., Post, Mrs. Cuaries ALrren, Repmonp, Miss E., Post, Grorce B., Repmonp, Mrs. Henry S., *Post, Epwarp C., Reeps, Cuester A., Post, Witiiam H., Reeves, Mark W., Porrer, Miss BLancue, Rein, JoHNn, Porrer, Enywarp Crarkson, Rem, Ocpen Mitts, Porrer, FREDERICK, Rein, Mrs. Ocprn Mitts, Porter, JAMES Brown, Rem, WALLACE, Porrer, Ortanvo B., *ReINCKE, E. A., Porrrr, R. Burnsive, Rernuarpt, Georce N., Porrer, Mrs. R. Burnsipe, Rets1ncer, Curr H., Porrer, FuLier, REMSEN, CHARLEs, *Ports, JESSE W., Rensuaw, Howarp Price, Porrs, WiLit1AmM Brevoorrt, Reyno.3ps, E. B., Pratr, Arzert H., Ruerr, Miss FLorence, Pratt, Georce D., *“RHINELANDER, Cuartes E., 1 eC ee @ a RHINELANDER, Pip, Pratt, JoHN T., Ricuarp, Miss Exvine, Pratt, Mrs. Joun T., Ricuarp, O. L., Pratr, SAMUEL, Ricuarp, Epwin A., Prentice, Joun Hirt, Rrenarps, Cuartes A., Prentiss, Miss HenrieErTA, Ricuarps, EBen, *PrENTIss, GeorcE H., Ricuarps, EK. O., Press, T. Cannon, Ricuarpson, Mrs. C. Trrrany, Preston, VERYL, Riciarpson, Mrs. D. E., Prippy, LAWRENCE, *Ripper, HERMAN, Prime, Miss Cornett, Rices, Geo. C., Prince, Epwarp S., *RIKER, SAMUEL, Procrer, WILLIAM, *Rrptey, H. Ditton, Procror, Mrs. Cuartes E., Riptey, Juien A., Procror, Mrs. Marta W. W., Ripre, Mrs. FE. J., “DECEASED 30 NEW YORK Roggpins, CHANDLER, Rornsins, Mrs. HELen C., Rozerts, G. THrEopore, Roserts, Miss Grace vAN Braam, Rozerts, Miss M. M., Rozserts, Owen F., *Rogpertson, Mrs. Fanny P., Rovertson, ALBERT, Rogertson, JvuLius, Rogertson, R. H., Ropinson, Mrs. DouGuas, Rogpinson, Epwarp, Roxpinson, Ext K.,, Rozinson, G. H., Rosrnson, Miss Paurine, Roxgison, WILLIAM, * Rocune, Mrs. Burke, Rockeretter, Mrs. Wituiam G., Rocxeretter, Mrs, J. D., JR, RocKkwoop, Witiiam H., Ropewatp, I. L.., Ror, Cuartes IF., Ror, Frank O., Ror, Irvine L., “Roetker, ALFRED, Rocers, E. L., Rocers, Mrs. Francis, Rocers, Husert E., Rocrrs, Mrs. Witi1am Bevertey, RoxenBauGcu, Henry S., Ro1ie, Aucustus J., Rotums, Frank S., RomsBoucun, Joun B., Roor, CLarence M., Roosevettr, Mrs. JAMEs, Roosevetr, Mrs. Hirsorne L., Roosevetr, W. EMLEN, Roor, Exinu, Rose, Mrs. A. SuMNER, Rorn, Freverick G. R., Rorn, J. E., Roruparru, ALBERT, Rorunaur, Rev. Anruony J., RoriuweEyi, James E., Row Lanpb, TroMas, Rune, Louis, Run, Louis, Rumsry, Mrs. Cuanrtes Cary, Runyon, Carman R., Rhoumwron, 1. Wi, Rurrrati, Jusrvus, "Ruppert, Jacon, Ruprenr, Mrs. Jacon, Russert, Ancuiarp, D., Russet, Mrs. Horace, Russett, Dr. Joun F., SVAN ).0 «Lis Ryan, Joun Banny, ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Ryan, Mrs. Tuomas F., Rye, ArrHurR, Ry re. Granam, Sacus, Arruur, Sacre, Jonn H., Sampson, ALDEN, Sampson, Cuartes FE., Sanps, Miss ANNE A.,, Sanvs, BENJAMIN AYMAR, Sanps, Mrs. BENJAMIN AYMAR, Sancer, Mrs. Rarpn, Sake, F. A., SarcGent, Henry B., SarcentT, Grorce Lioyn, SarTerter, Mrs. H. L.., SaTrrrwuHitre, Preston P., Sauter, FREDERICK, Sauter, FRrep, JR., Scuaerer, ANDREAS F., Scuarerer, Epwarp C., ScHarrer, Henry, ScHALL, W., Scuank, Georce E., ScuaveE, C. F., Sc1rAuFFLER, Dr. A. F. Sciaurrier, Mrs. A. F., Scuerer, Anton H., Scuerer, Cart, Scuenck, Henry veB., ScntEFFELIN, Mrs. H. M., ScureFreLIn, WILLIAM Jay, ScHiMMEL, SIEGFRIED, Scuirmer, Mrs. Marrisa B., Scuirmer, Rupvoirein E., Scuutcker, Cart P., ScuMELzEL, Miss JANE E., Scumeuzer, James H., ‘Scumipt, IF. Lroroxp, Scumipr, Witii1Am P., Scumipt, Winiiam H., Scumipr, FEpor, ScuHnaneEL, R. A., ScuNAKENBERG, D., ScuNIEWIND, F., ScuNIEWIND, H., Jn., Scnortze, A. H., Scurac, Cartes A., Scurac, Louis, *“Scnreyvocer, Cirar.es, Scrurerrer, Henry, Scuvuyier, Miss Louisa Lee, Scuwarez, Max M.,, Scuwarrz, Lewis F., Scuwanz, Henperr I, Scuwanz, Henry F., Scuwarzier, Atbert J., Scortmeip, Miss Manion, Scorr, Donan, ? * * Drceasep TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 31 Scorr, Hon. Francis M., Scorr, Mrs. Franx H., *Scorr, Frank H., Scorr, Tuomas Brytue, Scorr, WiLLtam, Scovitte, Herserr, ScoviLLe, Rogert, Scripner, Arruur H., ScriBNer, Cuar.es, Scrrpner, Mrs. CHares, Scrymser, Mrs. James A., SEAMAN, Dr. Louis L., Srepewick, Rogerr, Sez, A. B., SEIDENBERG, OTTOo, *SELIGMAN, ALFRED L.., SeLigmMAN, GeorcEe W., SELIGMAN, JEFFERSON, SELIGMAN, Josepn L., Seticman, A. J., Senrr, Mrs. Cuaries H., Seton, ALFRED, Sexton, LAwrENcE E., *Suarptow, Mrs. Josern, Suattouck, A. R., Sueets, Dr. E. A., SHEEHAN, WitiiaM F., SHEEHAN, Mrs. Wituiam F., SHEFFIELD, JAMEs R., Suerrietp, Mrs. James R., SHELDON, Epwarp W., SueLpon, Grorce R., SuELDonN, Wititam C., Sueparp, Dr. Georce A., *“Sueparp, Aucustus D., Sueparp, Finrey J., Sueparp, Mrs. Exuiorr I., SuweparD, ANNIE R., SurpmMan, Ricwuarp D., Surpway, SAMUEL W., SrHoeMAKER, Henry W., Suonnarp, Horatio S., Suonts, T. P., Suuxunor, Orro B., *“Suurtterr, Roswertt Morse, S1sLtey, Mrs. H. W., SreEDENBURG, REINHARD, JR., SIEGEL, JAcos, SIEGEL, WILLIAM, Sitteck, Henry G., Jr., Sirteck, Mrs. Henry G., Jr., SILLIMAN, James R., Smrman, Harper, Sma, Atrrep L., Simon, Roserr E., Srmvson, JoHN W., Simpson, Ernest L., Sinciair, Mrs. Jonn, Sinciair, Mrs. Witiiam, Srncer, Arruur J., SKEEL, Dr. Franx D., *Sxipmore, WiiiiaM L.., Skinner, M. P., Stave, Francis Louis, StaueutTer, R. B., SLAvVEN, Rarer E., Stoan, Mrs. Samuen, Stocum, H. J., Jr., Stocum, J. J., Stocum, Tomas W., Snipr, Tomas, Sm1Ley, DANIEL, *SmILuiz, Cuarwes I’., SmiLuier, James C., SMmILuie, Rarpen, *Smiru, Dr. A. ALEXANDER, Smitu, AvGUSTINE J., Smiru, Mrs. Cuantes S., Smiru, Extas D., *SmitH, NatHAnieEt S., SmirH, Pierre J., Smirnu, Rosert K., *SmitH, WILLIAM ALEXANDER, Smiryu, Geo. Sruarrt, SmiITuHers, CHARLEs, Smiruers, F. S., Snow, E. G., SNYDER, VALENTINE P., SoLpWEDEL, FREDERICK A., SoNDHEIM, PHEINAs, Sorcuan, Mrs. Vicror, Sours, Louis H., SpPaLpING, Kerru, Spatpinc, N. BoarpMan, Sparrow, Mrs. Epwarp W., Sonto, BALDOMERE, Spear, JAMES, JR., SpeppdEN, Frevenic O., Spencer, Mrs. Epwarps, SpeNceR, ALEXANDER H., *Sprencer, Epwarps, *SpencerR, Lorriiarp, Sperry, Witiiam M., Speyer, Mrs. James, SpitzNer, Greorce W., Sporrorp, Mrs. J. L.., SpracuE, Mrs. Frank J., Spricc, JupGr Carror., Sprinc, Miss ANNA RIKER, Spurr, E. W., Saurps, Dr. Enwarp H., Squire, Esen H. P., Srarvorp, Wittiam Frepericx, Srarrorp, Mrs. WitxtaAm FRrepericx, Srauxt, ADoLro, *STanpisuH, Myers, “DECEASED 32 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Srattrortu, F., Sutro, Lionet, Stanton, Frank McMiiian, Suypam, LAMBERT, Stanton, JoHN R., Swan, Mrs. J. ANpREws, Srapies, Mrs. Joun J., Swan, JAmeEs A., Starr, Louis Morris, Swanson, Dr. F. J., Srearns, Lovis, Swanzy, Mrs. Francis Mitts, “STEBBINS, JAMEs H., Swayne, Mrs. Francis B., STEELE, CHARLES, Swenson, S. A., Sreece, Mrs. Cuaries, Sworps, Wirti1AmM Vooruis, Steers, J. Ricu, Taser, Miss Mary, Stern, Mrs. Arexis W., Taszor, F. H., STEINECK, Epwarp, Tart, Henry W., STEINMETZ, JOHN A., Tarr, Wintt1ram Howarp, STEPHENS, O1in J., Tac, ALBERT, STEPHENS, Ropericx, *TarLerR, Epwarp N., SterN, BENJAMIN, TAKAMINE, JOKICHI, JR., STEVENS, ALEXANDER H., *TaLcorr, J AMES, SreveNS, FrepDErIc W.., Taxcorr, Mrs. James, Stevens, Oscar E., TatmacE, Mrs. E. T. H., Srevens, Ricuarp, TANENBAUM, Moses, Svrevens, Mrs. Ricrarp, TarHam, CHARLEs, Stewart, Ceciz P., *Tatuom, A. H., Stewart, Erwin K., Tavussic, Noan W., Srewart, Witiiam R., Taytor, Mrs. Henry Osporn, Srickets, Enwarp H., Taytor, Henny R., STILLMAN, CHAUNCEY, Taytor, James B., ST1LLMAN, Mrs. C. C., Taytor, Luioyn, STitLMAN, Joseru F., Taytor, Moses, STiLLMAN, James A., Taytor, Wiritiam R. K., Stimpson, Epwin B., Taytor, Roser C., Stimson, Dr. Danie M., Taytor, Wii11aM A., Stoxes, H. B., Abicscpepoyag (OR Lele Stone, Miss ANNIE, TENNEY, Danie. G., Stone, Cuares A., Terry, Mrs. Joun T., Stone, Miss Exviten J., *Terry, JoHN T., Strout, Joseru S., Terry, Roperick, Jr., Srour, ANprew V., Terry, WyYLLys, Stow, Georce G., Tuacner, Arcnuipatp G., Srraigur, WiLLarp, Tracnuer, Mrs. Greorce W., Strance, A. B., Trracuer, 'THomas, Straus, H. Gran, Tuaw,.J. GC. Srraus, Mrs. Narian, Jr., Tirayer, Harry Bares, Straus. Percy S., Tromas, Mrs.Howarp I.., Srrauss, ALBERT, Ttromas, Seru E., Jr., Srrauss, Freperick, Thompson, Artriur G., Srrauss, Crarves, Tnompson, Frarrincron M., Strauss, MARTIN, Tuompson, LA Marcus A.,, Srrear, JAMEs, Trompson, Mrs. J. Tonouunter, Street, W. A., Thompson, WititaAm Boyce, Srroumeyer, I, G., Thomson, Giraup F., STRONG, BENJAMIN, Jn, Trrortey, Cares, Srronc, Ricuanrp A., Tirorne, Mrs. Enwin, Srroock, Josern, Tirorne, Cras. Svock'ron, Srroock, Louis §S., THorNE, JONATHAN, Sruanr, Ropert, Trorne, Mrs. JONATHAN, Srurces, Henry C., Thorne, Newserry D., Suckiery, Mrs. R. B., Trorne, Mrs. W. V. S., Subiiivan, Mrs. James, *Tironr, W. Enwin, Drcrasen., TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 33 Tuurser, H. F., Tuoursby, Sipney, TIeEDEMANN, T1eopore, Trers, Mrs. Avexanner H., Trrrany, Louts C., Titrorp, Mrs. Henry Morean, Titt, ALBert, Titton, Josepu W., “TIMKEN, J. Henry, TIMMERMANN, Henry G., Timotat, James G., Timpson, JAMEs, *TsavEeR, RricHarp, Top, J. Kennepy, “Topp; He El. Topp, M. Parsons, Topp, Waurter B., Topp, Jonn R., TomsBy, Borcrept, Tonnete, Mrs. Joun N., *Tousey, WiLLiaAM, Townes, M. G., TownsEnpD, Miss Amy C., TownsEnD, Mrs. E. M., TownsEND, Epwin S., TownseEnp, H. N., TowNnsenpb, Howanrp, TownsEND, Mrs. James M., TowNnsEnpD, Isaac, TowNsEnpD, James B., *“TowNsEND, JOHN, Trencu, Cuantes S., Trimsre, Mrs. Ricwarp, Trorscuer, A. F., Trowsrivce, Frepericx K., Tucker, Mrs. Acnrs J., Tucker, Cart, TuckErMAN, ALFRED, TucKERMAN, Pavt, TURNBULL, ArruouR, TurNBULL, Mrs. Ramsay, TurnBuLL, WiL11AM, Turnure, Georce E., Tuska, BENJAMIN, *Turtte, Dr. G. M., *TWEDELL, Wituram H., Tweep, Mrs. Crartes H., Twinine, E. S., Unt, Oswaxp W., Upmann, Cart, VALENTINE, Mrs. Parricx A., VALENTINE, Dr. Witiiam A., Van BeEvren, Frepericx T., Ae Van CorTLanpt, Aveéustrus, *Van CortLanpt, Avcustus, Van Corr, Harvey A., V ANDERGRIFT, Sookie VANDERPOEL, Amprose E., VANDERPOEL, Mrs. Joun A VANDERLIP, FRANK A., VAN DER Smissen, Dr. G. J., *Van Emporen, D. B., Van Gerpic, Barenp, Van INGEN, Mrs. Epwarp, VAN INGEN, Mrs. E: H., Van Norden, Orromar Eh: Van Nosrranp, B. T., Van SINDEREN, Howanp, Van Stycx, Gronur W., VAN WINKLE, Encar B,, Varian, Wirzor I.., VELTEN, Wii11aM F., VERNAY, Artuur S., VERNON, Mrs. Oh ae D., Vesper, Kari H., Vietor, THomas F., Vitta, Atronso P., “VINCENT, FRANK, Virern, Dr. Freperic O., VocreL, Herman, Voicut, WitiiaM L., VON BERNutH, Fe penrese A. von Gontarp, Mrs. ALEXANDER, VON LENGERKE, J uUsTUs, von ZEDLITz, Mas. Anna M., VuILtEuMiER, Dr. JuLes A., Wacner, Cuartes H., Wacsrarr, Mrs. Arrep, Waecstarr, C. DuBots, *WaINWRIGHT, J. Howanp, Warnwricnut, Mrs. J. Howarp, WakELEE, Justus I., Waxing, Henny Be Wa.cort, FRepenic (Oe W apo, ns Wates, Epwann Es Watker, E. R., WaLxen, JosePH, JR., WALKER, Bryant, Watker, Dr. Tome BS Watker, Gustavus A., *WatLter, Rozert, Jr., Water, Stewart, WatierstEIN, Dr. Max, WatsH, Samuet A., Watrer, Enear, Watter, Martin, Watter, Wir1ramM I., Watrty, A. R., Warzurc, Paut M., Warp, Arremas, *Warp, Henry C., Warpner, Henry Sreexe, WarpDWELL, ALLEN, Warren, Mrs. J. Hozarrt, Warren, Luoyn, *9 * DECEASED o> NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY WasnuBurn, Thomas G., Wasupurn, Wo. Ives, WATERBURY, JOHN I., WATERBURY, Miss, Warriss, Mrs. Heten B., Watson, Mrs. J. Henry, Watson, Cuartes F., Watson, THomas J., *Wartson, Rev. J. Henry, Warr, Tuomas L., *WEATHERBEE, Epwin H., WeatueRBEE, Mrs. Epwin H., Wess, Mrs. ALEXANDER S., Wess, I’. Ecerton, Wess, J. Griswoxp, Wess, Mrs. VANDERBILT, Wess, Mrs. Witt1AM SEwarp, “Weser, Dr. LEonNARD, WEEKs, JOHN E., Weeks, JAMEs, Wercie, Cuaries H., Weter, Mrs. Juria O., Wernic, BERNARD, Weiss, JULIUS, Weiriinc, Wititiam W., Wetcu, Henry K. M., We tcu, Mrs. S. CuHarzes, We ts, Mrs. Jonn, WE Ls, OL1iver J., *“WenpveLL, Mrs, Jacon, WessEL, J. Henry, Wessetyt, Arruvur L., West, Dr. Wit1iiaM, Westover, M. F., Wuarton, Miss N. C., Wreevter, Water S., Wueetock, Mrs. G. G., WHeELock, Wn. H., Wuirte, A. M., Wire, Haroxp 'T., “Wuite, Horace, Waite, Leonarp D., Wuire, Mrs. Sraneorp, Wuirenouse, J. Henry, Wauirenoust, Norman, Wuirenovuse, Witi1aM F., Wruitrne, Dr. Cranes A.,, Wuitine, Miss Gerrruve, W witMaAN, CLARENCE, Wiirman, WiLitaM, JR, Wuirney, Ricrarp, Wuirrince, F. W., Winore, I. B., WickenrsiAam, Gronce W., Wiccieswortu, Henny, Witxins, FI. H., Witicox, Wititam G., *WILLETs, JOHN T., WiriraMs, ALex S., WiniiAms, Arruur, Wittiams, C. S., WILiiAMs, CLARENCE I., *Wirtiams, Mrs. G. G., WiriiaMs, Georce L., Winitams, Mrs. Percy H.., Winitams, Ricuarp H., Jr., WitiiaMs, WILLIAM, WititiaMs, WiLu1Am H., Wiriramson, Mrs. Burier, Wis, W. P., Wiuston, James R., *Wits, Cuartes T., Witson, JAMES Goprrey, Witson, M. Orme, WinGate, Greorce W., Winter, Emin, WINTER, JULIUS, Win turop, Ecerron L., Jr., *Winturop, Rosert Duprey, WiIsNER, CHARLES, *WirHeERBEE, FRANK S., Wirnerser, Mrs. Frank S., *Wirrnaus, Dr. Ruporen A., WirrmMan, Josepn, Woop, ARNOLD, Woop, Grrpert Concpon, Woon, J. Water, Woop, Witt1am Concpon, *WoopinovseE, J. S., Woopiovuse Company, J. S., Wooprurr, Apert C., Woopwarp, Kennetru N., Woopwarp, Mrs. WriiLiiaM, *Woopwarp, Roserr B., *“Woopwarp, Mrs. WiLx1AM, Sr., Wootey, C. M., Worcester, WiLrrep J., Work, Bertram G., *Work, J. Henny, *“Worratt, P. B., : Worrrey, R. M. Sruarr, Wricut, Joun Tlowann, WricutsmMan, C. J., Wyckorr, Dr. Perer Brown, Wycxorr, Mrs. Peter Brown, Youna, A. Murray, Youno, Mrs. A. Murray, *Zanniskie, ANprew C., ZENTGRAP, Rey. Gronce J., ZINN, GrorGe, "Zinsser, Avucust, ‘Zinsser, Mus. Aucust, Zinsser, AvuGust, ZOLLER, CHARLES, *Deceasep TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT Corresponding Members Dexvacour, Liztut. JEAN 2 -) ’ Ginrepper, T. P., Gitirespiz, T. H., Jounston, Sir Harry H., Criark, Mrs. Georce C., Crark, Mrs. J. F. A.,, Cuyter, Miss, Firip, Mrs. Wm. B. Oscoop, Grant, Mrs. ve Forest, Hamitton, Mrs. Wo. P., Harrman, Mrs. J. Borpen, Hastines, Mrs. THomas, Hoyt, Mrs. Henry R., Hype, Mrs. Wm. H., Iseuin, Mrs. ArtHour, Marsvury, Miss, Martin, Mrs. SHELTON, Maywnarp, Mrs. Watter E., Morean, Miss ANNE, Morecan, Mrs. J. Prerpont, Nixes, Mrs. Wm. Wuite, LrSover, W. H. Duptery, Mititwarp, Russert Hasrincs, Srurrevant, Lieut. C. G., Tyrwuirt-Drake, G. Ladies’ Auxiliary JeNyovalls IDI) Ouin, Mrs. StepHen H., Parsons, Miss, Ossorn, Mrs. H. Farrriexp, Pyne, Mrs. Percy R., Ruerr, Miss, Roxsinson, Miss Pautine, RocKeEFELLER, Mrs. Wm., Jr.. Sancer, Mrs. Rarpn, Sneparp, Mrs. Fintey J., Speyer, Mrs. JAMeEs, Stevens, Mrs. Ricwarp, THoRNE, Mrs. Wo. V. S., Tiirorp, Mrs. Henry M., TOWNSEND, Miss, T’ownsEND, Mrs. E. M., Trimsie, Mrs. RicwHarp, Wess, Mrs. ALEXANDER S., Summary of Membership Sra BrENG aye Foe era etd opted yee JE ey ol See Beep Rr ee iin nal re CAL OS Founders in Perpetuity Bellows a Nya N AMEE YUNG (CSV GEN aE ea a ar a yo ere Se ne Honorary and Corresponding Members RUG TERS LEROY aeaes ee ere oe iar eR NI ose BSL Seis ot NES nea ecb pe se nc OM roe AR MSGS OUT PES COULEL CRETE reo cee a rae es Ree ee TEA RTO a CE care oe ee bP, ll Oe SOF AR ne ea pO Se UR ae ee ee SMUT ete VUNG Te See re ee ee eee A ea aoe ee a IRBYA CU See ASL NNR Yaa aes eee aaa eden eee 35 36 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Onalification for Regular Membership S$ 10 Associate Founders c.cccccccccccccccccccccncep 2,900 Annual Members... 5,000 Life Members . Patrons B00 “a Houndersns eee ee 1,000 Founders in Perpetuity ..................... 10,000 Benefactors te eee 7000 Form of Request I do hereby give and bequeath to the “NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL Society,” of the City of New. Y 07 Wy.0c00 ice tcc L§ 96nd aovDq 606 Ul ‘OWON FO ySBaYJAOU STI NYE TeAry yNGoy ey} Wor; sulBo dnoiZ 1geq uMOIg UeyASE[Y 94} JO Jequieul uy sy], uvad NMCUdA NVASV TV UsOquDS *? q fig’ REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS. HE Executive Committee respectfully submit the following report to the Board of Managers for the year 1918: It is with regret that the Committee announce the death of Major William Austin Wadsworth, on May 2, 1918. Major Wadsworth represented the Boone and’ Crockett Club on the Board, which was instrumental in the original organization of the Society. He was, for many years, a most zealous attendant at our meetings and was greatly interested in the welfare and development of the Park. The resolution passed on the occasion of his death appears at the end of this report. During the year Mr. Percy A. Rockefeller was elected to fill the vacancy in the Class of 1920 caused by the death of the late Grant B. Schley; and Mr. Edwin Thorne was elected to the Class of 1920 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of the late Col. William C. Church. Mr. Beekman Winthrop was elected to the Class of 1920 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of the late Major W. Austin Wadsworth. MEMBERS. Owing to war conditions, no systematic effort was made during the year to enlarge the membership of the Society. How- ever, in the regular course, 5 Life Members and 80 Annual Mem- bers were elected. After deducting resignations and deaths, the net result is a loss of 27 members. 38 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY The membership of the Society, as of December 31, 1918, is as follows: Beneractors 2 2:2. ee Wilt. ff Founders in-Perpetuity 2. 18 Banunders: 3) 8 2a ec eRe Oe 15 ASSOCIabe HOUNGCTS == eo sere oe 9 PAL PORIs 2 Aa oe oe ee ee, BY4 ice Membens:2.. oe eee 306 Annual Members. 2.262) See eee. 1,849 Rey ee ee Re 35 Honorary Members: 2 2a ee 7 Corresponding Members W000 8 Rata dso tyes 6 ee Ons Peete 2,286 ATTENDANCE. The general war conditions during 1918 and the influenza epidemic were largely responsible for a slight decrease in the attendance at the Zoological Park. The Aquarium also has continued to feel the loss of the attendance which naturally resulted from the use of Battery Park while shipping along the waterfront was active, and while visitors to Ellis Island were numerous. The piles of material in Battery Park for construction and excavations of the subway having been removed, the Aquarium is now more accessible and your Committee expect the attend- ance will be normal in the immediate future. The actual figures of attendance for 1918 are as follows: Park Aquarium 1918 ... secs lip BOLCRT. 1,450,609 1917 Docc lee aoe 1,595,118 COLLECTIONS AT THE PARK. A census of the animals in the Zoological Park, compiled December 31, 1918, is as follows: December 31, 1917 December 31, 1918 Species Specimens Species Specimens Mammals 205 611 167 567 3irds 813 2,199 736 2,406 Reptiles and Am- phibians 112 644 95 A477 1,130 4,054 998 3,450 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 39 The Park has lost during the year, chiefly from old age, sev- eral valuable specimens. The most important were, an Indian rhinoceros, a mountain zebra, a Bactrian camel, a white-tailed gnu, a Rocky Mountain goat and several kangaroos. Owing to the prohibition by the War Trade Board of im- portation of animals, large or small, into the United States the acquisitions have not quite kept pace with the losses. Moreover, owing to the food shortage, no special effort was made to increase the collections. With the return of normal times these conditions will be speedily remedied. The most noteworthy accessions of the year were three camels, a mountain goat, an exceptionally fine chimpanzee, a rare entellus monkey and many birds. COLLECTIONS AT THE AQUARIUM. A census of the exhibits at the Aquarium taken December 31, 1918, shows the following results: December 31, 1917 December 31, 1918 - Species Specimens Species Specimens EEC LOY 2): ae Ley 4,611 113 2,628 Peet Pitec ye eet ZA WP 15 96 Amphibians? 2)... 8 69 9 105 Invertebrates ........ ae 18 1.255 MG 1,094 Mammials) 522.2. 2 Z 2, 2 186 6,049 156 3,925 The Aquarium has suffered, like the Park, from our inability to transport specimens with the result that we are without our customary tropical collections. The collection of fresh-water fishes was difficult on account of conditions resulting from the war, chiefly as regards trans- portation by rail. The same is true in the case of local marine fishes. The operations of local fishermen and the movement of small boats in local waters were restricted. The collecting of tropical fishes also was hampered by war conditions and one of the customary shipments from Florida was omitted. A reduction in the number of employees and, later, illness from influenza, served further to retard the work of collecting specimens. 40 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY As Aquarium specimens are never to be found in the live animal market, any interruption of field work necessarily results in decreased exhibits. The Aquarium has been provided with a well-smack for use in the neighboring waters for field work. ALTERATIONS TO AQUARIUM. Owing to the financial stringency due to the war and to the approaching debt limit of New York City, the Society did not urge on the administration the alterations needed in order to provide more exhibition space and administration room, the cost of which had been estimated before the war at about $100,000. However, the Committee asked that repairs be made to the roof now in a very leaky and dangerous condition and this work is now under way. COAL. The Society was fortunate in securing a sufficient supply of coal for the Park during the severe winter of 1918. The coal situation at the Aquarium was critical several times owing to our lack of storage facilities. A new coal-bunker, however, has been erected and filled, thus providing the Aquarium with a reasonable amount of reserve supply in case of another coal shortage. MAINTENANCE. Park.—The sum of $207,586 provided by the City for the maintenance of the Zoological Park in 1918 was scarcely adequate for the proper maintenance of the Park owing to the enormous increase in the cost of supplies of all kinds and the need of a small increase in the pay of our low-paid men. It was only by the strictest economy that the year was closed without a deficit. That this result was at all possible was entirely due to the energy, hard work and loyalty of the officers and staff of the Zoological Park. Aquarium.—The sum of $48,632.50 provided by the City for the maintenance of the Aquarium was barely sufficient to keep that institution open and its exhibits in proper condition and to provide a small increase in salaries for the lowest paid employees. TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT Al The maintenance situation for 1919, for the first time in the history of the Society, is really serious. The contract with the City provides, in the case of the Park, for adequate “mainte- nance” and, in the case of the Aquarium, for a minimum of $45,000. It proved to be the policy of the new administration in the autumn of 1918 to reduce the maintenance of quasi-official insti- tutions. The Aquarium was reduced from $48,632.50 to the mini- mum allowed by law, $45,000. The Park was, first, reduced from $207,586 to $175,000 but, after a further presentation of the needs of the institution, this amount was increased to $190,000. At the same time, however, there was coupled with this increase the condition that the salaries at the Park be increased by $100 each in the case of those receiving less than $1,800. To provide for this increase in pay and for the increased cost of supplies would have required a total sum of $227,000; leaving a deficit to be met by the Society of $37,000. It being entirely out of the question for the Society to attempt to raise such an amount under existing financial conditions, every possible econ- omy and reduction were made, both in the Aquarium and the Park, with the result that the working forces of both institu- tions were reduced to a point where the sum of $18,000 if sup- plied by the Society, in addition to the funds provided by the City, would keep the Park and Aquarium open to the public. The Committee are engaged at the present moment in an attempt to raise this amount in the form of a special maintenance appropriation and the subscribers, to date, to this fund are as follows: Andrew Carnegie ........................ MEO AS cei $1,000 GEOree. HbA Ker. cet RF ee 1,000 Archer M2 Hiuntineton 0" 1,000 A ALON HepoUrM. o.oo on. 1,000 imerson MeMilline... 0). ae ee 1,000 Cleveland Hs Dodee:. § Ve ica wee es 1,000 Kdward ss. Harkness. hos Seo. 1,000 COTE /eT RN WE Ss ite ee een ad 1,000 GEGEGGsI GOUN 2 5 ela ee 5 et 1,000 Archer M. Huntington (extra) ........ ee 1,000 Brie ONES ATG ds a oe 500 Bets) Por WWOET IS: 2s) ee ee as 500 42 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY FINANCES. Sage Bequest.—During the year the Society received its first large bequest from the Estate of the late Mrs. Russell Sage. The precise amount of the legacy which consists of 1/52nd part of the residuary estate is undetermined. It is stated in the press to be in the neighborhood of $800,000. The present inheritance law, which, as it now stands, falls most severely upon scientific, educational and religious institu- tions, will reduce this amount very greatly so that the net amount received by the Society will be about $500,000. This law, how- ever, will be modified or repealed in all probability. While your Committee for the first time feel relieved on the score of future responsibilities after 1919, no portion of this sum will be available and no reliance is placed upon income from this very handsome bequest during the current year. Balances to the credit of the several funds in the Farmers’ Loan & Trust Company, as of December 31, 1918, are as follows: Income Account . kD hee! $10,877.24 Animal Wutid: 252.5202 nae OT 29,684.26 Stokes Bird Fund 458.54 Cadwalader Animal Fund 1,775.00 Tropical Research Fund: 409.19, balance for 1918 4,000.00, subscriptions, 1919 . 4,409.19 National Collection Heads & Horns 107.16 Heads & Horns Building Fund 5.55 Wild Life Fund 930.07 Art Gallery Fund Publication Fund 7,421.68 1,597.53 Pheasant Aviary Fund 93.21 Library Fund 209.48 Special Maintenance Fund, 1919 5,700.00 Total Improvements and Repairs $63,268.91 6,221.50 Carnegie Pension Fund Income Account: Farmers’ Loan & Trust Co., $4,002.32 Corn Exchange Bank, Bronx, 233.85 4,236.17 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 43 INCOME ACCOUNT. At the close of the year the balance on hand was $10,877.24. Your Committee are compelled to report, for what they hope to be the last time, that the General Income Account of the Society has, as usual, been insufficient to meet the current ex- penses and the cash balance at the end of the year has been somewhat reduced. The Pension Fund continues to bear heavily on this fund as the Society is obliged to apply $3,665 annually to the Pension Fund. This amount can hardly be reduced, and it should be increased in order to provide some provision for the widows of deceased employees; a feature in which, at the present time, the Pension Fund is lacking. ANIMAL FUND. On account of the scarcity of animals in the market during the year, no new efforts were made to raise funds by subscrip- tion for this fund, but $18,000 were transferred from the Privi- lege Account. The balance on hand at the end of the year will be sufficient, if supplemented later by special subscription of about $10,000, to re-stock the Park, provided, of course, that our maintenance allowance is sufficient to supply the needed food and attendance. The Society proposes to present a collection of animals to Antwerp to help re-establish the collections of the Antwerp Zoo- logical Gardens, which have been totally destroyed during the war. Mr. F. E. Blauuw, who is one of the Honorary Members of the Society and the owner of a very extensive private zoologi- cal collection, especially of birds, at Hilversum, Holland, has appealed to the Society to secure for him sufficient corn to main- tain his collections during the pending shortage of food. ENDOW MENT FUND. During the year, life membership fees amounting to $1,000 were added to the Endowment Fund. The total amount of the fund at the close of the year was $370,701.25. It is invested in securities yielding an average net annual income of 4.25 per cent. per annum. 44 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY STOKES BIRD FUND. The income from this fund, which consists of $5,000 be- queathed to the Society by the late Miss Caroline Phelps Stokes, is limited to the protection of bird life in North America. On December 31, 1918, there was a balance on hand of $458.54, of which $200 represent the income received during the year. CADWALADER ANIMAL FUND. This fund consists of the income from the fund of $20,000 bequeathed to the Society by the late John L. Cadwalader, which is available only for the purchase of animals for the Park. No expenditures have been made from this fund during the year and there is a cash balance on hand of $1,775; of which $275 repre- sents income received during the year. ART GALLERY FUND. The following new pictures were purchased: Alaskan Bear, by Carl Rungius Polar Bear, by Carl Rungius The Pallas Cormorant, by R. Bruce Horsfall The Great Auk, by R. Bruce Horsfall Subscriptions for 1918 to the Art Gallery Fund were re- ceived from the following: George F. Baker | i, te 7 IO $500 Andrew Carnegie . ahs ME Ak) ee CG, F.. Dieterich <.... Se De Gecen Molise ea — 500 Henry M. Tilford . an OU Frederick G. Bourne 2 1280 $2,750 Also, the following subscriptions for 1919 (the last year for the special subscriptions to this fund) were received from: George J. Gould $500 C. Ledyard Blair 500 Frederick G. Bourne 250 Joseph A. McAleenan 250 $1,500 This leaves only one outstanding subscription of $250 for 1919. TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 45 The receipts during the year were $4,250 and the cash bal- ance on hand, December 31, 1918, amounted to $7,421.68. TROPICAL RESEARCH FUND. Owing to war conditions, work at the Tropical Research Station was suspended and the year was devoted to the study and publication of the scientific results already obtained. The first volume of ““Tropical Wild Life’? was published during the year. The volume was supplied at cost to the members, namely, $2.00; the price to those other than members being $3.00. Re- ceipts from the sale of this attractive book during the year were $536.24. Subscriptions during 1918 for the maintenance of tropical research work were as follows: Montinier a. Schith. os 2. oe ee ie $1,000 Andrew Carnegie 22 oe: ne 500 C2 Pedvard. Blames. <0 se ee ee 500 $2,000 The total expenses of this fund amounted to $3,056.44, leav- ing a balance on hand of $409.19 of the subscriptions for 1918. A eall for subscriptions for 1919 has been made and the following have subscribed : Aabhony, Wieser ox oc Se $1,500 AnGrewsGarnerie 4... ee eee 1,000 ACs barton Jlepbourn. 0). ose et we 1,000 Georce oeGould’ s...05 220 eee 1,000 Geb covard: Blain nso 85 of ee ee 500 Cleveland: Hs, Dodse*.n 26.25 2s a: Fe. 500 MOrhInier i. SCAM nee ivan 5 be 500 $6,000 Of this amount, $4,000 have been paid. With this money it is intended to re-establish the Research Station and continue the really brilliant work now under way. It is hoped that this sta- tion will develop ultimately not only into a great source of supply of animals for the Park and the Aquarium, but that it will lead, under the able directorship of Mr. Beebe, to a biological station that will be unique among the zoological foundations of the world. 46 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY NATIONAL COLLECTION OF HEADS AND HORNS. The only sources of income for this fund are transfers made from the general income account of the Society and private subscriptions. There have been no transfers or subscriptions to this fund during the year, and expenditures of only $18.61 have been made; leaving the balance on hand, December 31, 1918, of $107.16. The acquisitions during the year by gift and purchase are as follows: From Mr. Archibald Harrison, Manila, Philippine Islands: Four skulls and horns and head skins of Gaur. Skull and horns of ‘‘Bo-dung.”’ Skull and horns of an adult bull Tamarao. Mounted head of a young female Tamarao. Skull and antlers of Philippine Sambar Deer. Two tiger skulls. From Mr. John R. Bradley, New York City: Mounted head of Gemsbock. One Dik-Dik Antelope, mounted entire. Mounted head of Goitred Gazelle. From Mr. William F. Velton, New York City: Two mounted heads, with interlocked antlers, of Texan White-tailed Deer. HEADS AND HORNS MUSEUM. War conditions necessitated the postponement of the con- struction of the Heads and Horns Museum, but the subscriptions to this fund, with one exception, have all been paid in and an additional $10,000 has been guaranteed by the individual mem- bers of the Executive Committee. The entire amount, $80,000, has been invested in 3!4% Liberty Bonds. There was a small un- invested balance on hand December 31, 1918, of $5.55. WILD LIFE PROTECTION. The work of the Society in this field has been financed dur- ing the year by the Permanent Wild Life Protection Fund and TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT AT $81.00 were derived from the sale of our book “Vanishing Wild Life.” The balance on hand December 31, 1918, was $930.07. PUBLICATION FUND. The balance on hand on December 31, 1918, was $1,597.53. Because of financial reasons no publications were issued during the year. The privilege funds of the Aquarium, derived from the sales of various publications, have accumulated until they now are suf- ficient to finance the issue of a new catalogue of the Aquarium. This work, which has for some time engaged the attention of the Director of the Aquarium, will be profusely illustrated and form a very complete guide book. LIBRARY FUND. The Library Fund is supported by transfers from the gen- eral Income Account of the Society. No transfers were made during the year. The balance on hand December 31, 1918, was $209.48. It is intended ultimately to arrange to have the Library make a special effort to assemble conservation literature so that it will become a complete reference library on the subject. CARNEGIE PENSION FUND. The fund of $100,000 received from Mr. Andrew Carnegie, produced $4,335 during the year. In order to make up the amount guaranteed, the Society was obliged to contribute from its general Income Account the sum of $3,665. A sum of not less than $150,000 is required to make the Pension Fund absolutely secure and to relieve the Society of the constant drain on its Income Account but, above all, to pro- vide for a relief fund for widows of employees for whom no provision is now made. 48 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY SPECIAL MAINTENANCE ACCOUNT. This is a fund subscribed by the Managers of the Society to provide for the deficit in the City’s appropriation for 1919 for Park and Aquarium, which is estimated at $18,000. The subscriptions to this fund amount to $11,200. The Board of Managers have voted that any subscription made for maintenance shall be for the year 1919 only, and that such action on the part of the Board shall not be considered a precedent for imposing upon the Managers of the Society any obligation to supply any portion of the maintenance for the Park or the Aquarium in the future. The terms of the contract between the City and the Society state very distinctly that the City “shall annually provide the necessary funds for the maintenance and care of the Zoological Gardens, its buildings, enclosures and other improvements made from time to time therein and the animals and collections of said Society.” This is part of the consideration for the Society throw- ing open its collection to the public free of charge on five days of the week. The City in addition is spared the expense of maintaining a park of 264 acres, which is acknowledged to have been kept up by the Society in a better condition than any similar grounds in the City. The total cost to the City for the upkeep of the Park and the Aquarium for the year 1918 was less than eight cents for each visitor. THE PHEASANT MONOGRAPH, The first volume of “A Monograph of the Pheasants” ap- peared in the autumn of 1918. The remaining volumes are com- plete so far as to text, and the delay in their appearance is occa- sioned by the fact that some of the plates for the illustrations of the last volumes are in storage in Vienna. So far as we know, they are safe, but cannot be withdrawn until conditions become more settled. This monograph is in four volumes, costing $62.50 each, but the subscription is for the entire set and each volume is paid for as delivered. TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 49 This work is believed to be the most perfect zoological pub- lication as to illustrations, printing and text ever issued. It differs from the ordinary monograph in being an extraordinarily readable and interesting book. MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY. During the year a most important event in Wild Life Con- servation was the passage by Congress of the enabling act which put into effect the Migratory Bird Treaty. This is one of the most important events in bird protection, as the principle of Federal control when once established can be extended in many directions to save our fast vanishing wild life. It became a law on June 16, 1918. The Society also participated in several movements to check hasty and ill-considered action under the guise of “‘war necessi- ties,’ such as the invasion of national parks by cattle and sheep and other wasteful uses of national resources. The Society re- gards the grazing of cattle and more particularly of sheep as most injurious to national parks. CONSERVATION. During the year, the Chairman of the Committee, Mr. Grant, went to California and took further steps toward the preser- vation of the Redwoods and the forming of the “Save the Red- woods League,” which embraces many of the most influential men on the Coast. It is formed for the purpose of protecting the Giant Redwoods and Sequoias, and through the instrumen- tality of this League it is believed that the preservation of these trees throughout the State of California can be assured. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. The Medical Department under Dr. Huntington has made great scientific use of the soft parts of such animals as have died during the year, while the skeletons and skins have been fur- nished to the American Museum of Natural History for exhibi- 50 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY tion purposes. In case of duplicates, other museums through- out the country have been furnished with the surplus material. WAR SERVICE. Facing page 79 of this report will be found a list of the em- ployees engaged in 1918 in war service or services essential to the conduct of the war. In all cases where the pay received from the Government was less than that received from the Society, the difference was made up by the Society from the Income Ac- count. The Society was unable to avail itself of the provisions of the Fenner law and collect these sums from the City. RECEPTIONS. Annual Dinner.—The Ninth Annual Dinner of the Board of Managers was held through the courtesy of Mr. George F. Baker, at his residence, 258 Madison Avenue, New York City, on Thursday, December 27, 1917. The Tenth Annual Dinner was given through the courtesy of Mr. Percy R. Pyne at the Metropolitan Club on December 26, 1918. Reception at Aquarium.—The Annual Reception to members was held at the Aquarium on Monday evening, May 6, 1918. About 500 members and their guests attended this function. The Members of the Board of Managers and their wives acted as Reception Committee. At the Zoological Park, Ladies’ Day and Members’ Day fell on May 16, 1918, and about 1,500 members and guests were pres- ent. It was preceded by the Spring Meeting of the Board at the Administration Building. A smoker at the Century Association was held by the Zoo- logical Society under the auspices of Dr. Townsend for the American Fisheries Society on September 20, 1918. MEMORANDUM OF MEETINGS, 1919. Annual Meeting of the Society: JANUARY 21, 1919, 8:30 P. M. Hotel Waldorf-Astoria. TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 51 Meetings, Board of Marfagers: January 21, 1919, 3:00 P. M. May dip, 1919) 2°30)P.. M. Annual Meeting, Park Meeting, Down Town Association. Preceded by Luncheon at 1:30 P. M. OCTOBER 20, 1919, 4:00 P. M. Aquarium Meeting. Annual Dinner, December 26, 1919. Meetings, Executive Committee: January 9, May 8, February 13, June 12, March 18, October 9, April 10, November 13, December 11. Members’ Reception at Aquarium. 3:50 P. M;, May 5, 1919. Members’ Day and Ladies’ Day at the Zoological Park. 2:00 -P2 M., May Ab, 199: BRONX PARKWAY COMMISSION. At the Annual Meeting on January 14, 1919, an interesting series of pictures was shown, showing the transformation of the Bronx River from a refuse dump and open sewer into a rural parkway. The Bronx Parkway Commission, which owes its origin to the Society, has secured title to virtually all the land from Bronx Parkway to Kensico Dam and very marked progress has been made with its development. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY ol bo AUDITING. The Auditors of the Society, Messrs. Marwick, Mitchell, Peat & Company, have audited and found correct the accounts of the Society, including the system of receiving and paying for supplies at the Park and at the Aquarium. The Auditors’ report, as well as that of the Auditing Com- mittee, follows the report of the Treasurer on page 127. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The Directors of the Park and the Aquarium and their re- spective staffs have done everything possible to facilitate the work in their respective institutions and to maintain them at a high standard of efficiency, in spite of the discouragements of the year. The Committee desires to acknowledge their zeal and faithfulness. Respectfully submitted, MADISON GRANT, Chairman, PERCY R. PYNE; LISPENARD STEWART, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, WATSON B. DICKERMAN, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, ANTHONY R. KUSER. FRANK K. STURGIS, HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Ex-Officio. Extracts from the Minutes of the 263rd Meeting of the Executive Committee of the New York Zoological Soriety, held on Thursday, April 10, 19149. Mrs. Margaret Olivia Sage Resolved, That the following Minute be entered on the records of the Society: Mrs. Margaret Olivia Sage died on November 4, 1918, leaving many great legacies and bequests to institutions philanthropic and benevolent in their purposes and to civic corporations formed for the benefit, welfare and pleasure of the people. The New York Zoological Society were beneficiaries of her noble bounty in a large degree. It is with deep gratitude and the keenest appreciation that this gift is accepted and the thanks of the Society placed on record. Although Mrs. Sage may not be able to watch the great develop- ment and equal improvement that is now made possible by her bene- faction, yet the cause of science and education, as well as the joy and pleasure of her fellow citizens old and young, will prove a lasting and beautiful memorial to her. Further Resolved, That a copy of the foregoing Minute be con- veyed to the Trustees of the Russell Sage Foundation. Major William Austin Wadsworth The Chairman reported the death, in Boston, on May 2, 1918, of Major William Austin Wadsworth, Member of the Class of 1919. Upon motion, duly seconded, it was Resolved, That the New York Zoological Society learns with deep regret of the death of their associate on the Board of Managers of the New York Zoological Society, Major W. Austin Wadsworth. In his death, the Society loses one of its most devoted friends, and the community, one of its most loyal and useful citizens, and the Committee desires to take this opportunity to express its sense of personal bereavement. Be it further Resolved, That a copy of these minutes be sent to the family of Major Wadsworth. REPORT OF THE LADIES’ AUXILIARY 1908-1919. ROM the minutes of a meeting of the Executive Committee of the New York Zoological Society, held February 19, 1908: “The Secretary reported that Mrs. Henry Fairfield Osborn had volunteered to organize a Ladies’ Auxiliary for the purpose of obtaining new members, and extending the influence of the New York Zoological Park.’’ Upon motion, duly seconded, it was “Resolved, that the Executive Committee of the Board of Managers of the New York Zoological Society accepts with thanks the kind proposal of Mrs. Osborn to organize a Ladies’ Auxiliary for the purpose of obtaining new members and extend- ing the influence of the Park.” From this, began the Ladies’ Auxiliary, which has, in these eleven years, brought in to the Society, hundreds of new mem- bers, and extended great interest in the Park. The first business meeting was held at the Colony Club, on February 26, 1908, at which Mrs. Osborn was made Chair- man, Mrs. Wm. B. Osgood Field, Secretary, and the following ladies became Members of the Ladies’ Auxiliary: Miss Charlotte Barnes Mrs. J. Pierpont Morgan Miss Kate Brice Mrs. Levi P. Morton Mrs. George C. Clark Mrs. Stephen H. Olin Mrs. Ogden Codman Miss Parsons Mrs. Bayard Cutting Mrs. Percy Pyne Miss Cuyler Miss Rhett Mrs. Wm. P. Hamilton Mrs. Ralph Sanger Mrs. J. Borden Harriman Mrs. Philip Schuyler Mrs. Thomas Hastings Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. Henry Hoyt Mrs. Richard Stevens Mrs. Wm. H. Hyde Mrs. F. K. Sturgis Mrs. Richard Irvin Mrs. Wm. V. S. Thorne Miss Marbury Miss Townsend Mrs. Walter KE. Maynard Mrs. Richard Trimble Miss Anne T. Morgan Miss Dorothy Whitney Mrs. Egerton L. Winthrop c¢ abpd aoDq “AyS Bulls B pue oisnul Suiuaeyo jo JusuUedUIODe BY} YA peates 210M ‘uooudteysye [NJIYSyep vB peAofue Aya1o0g ayy Jo Sstaquieul ayy ‘fya100G ay} JO ArByixny SepeyT ayy Jo seoidsne oy} tepuy MUVd TVOIDOIOOZ AHL NI AVG SHYaHaWAW SPUDUITYSIIJoY ULOQUDS “Yo UINDST Ng °0704UT = TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 55 The organization holds two business meetings a year,—one in December, at which the winter lectures are arranged, and one in March, which plans for the Annual Spring Garden Party at the Park. During the past eleven years there have been held at dif- ferent private houses, and at the Colony Club, many lectures. This year, 1919, in February, a lecture was given at the home ot Mrs. Vincent Astor, at which Mr. Madison Grant presided, and Ensign Donald B. Mac Millan gave his very interesting lecture on “The Crocker Land Expedition,” sent to the North by the American Museum of Natural History and the American Geo- graphical Society. New members were obtained, and interest in the Park aroused, by beautiful new pictures of the Park and its inmates, shown by Curator Ditmars. At the first lecture, April 24, 1908, given by Director Horna- day, at the Colony Club, a beloved and former Vice-president of the Society presided—John L. Cadwalader, who, by his rare grace and charm, lives forever in the Society’s annals. At this meeting, Mr. Cadwalader outlined the purposes of the Society, and what the Ladies’ Auxiliary could accomplish. At these lectures, during the past eleven years, Captain Bartlett has described the Rainy-Whitney Expedition; the cap- ture of, and transporting to the Park of the beautiful Polar Bear, which the children of the Junior Auxiliary presented; Curator Beebe has described ‘“The Pheasants’; ‘““The protection of Game Birds”; “The Abolition of Ladies’ Wearing Egrets and Birds of Paradise Feathers, in Co-operation with the Ladies of England and France’’; Curator Ditmars on “Reptiles”; Mr. James Barnes on “Central Africa’; and last but one, new pictures of the Park were exhibited, and a lecture on “Life in Yu-Nan, China,” was given by Curator Roy Chapman Andrews, of the American Mu- seum, at the residence of Mrs. Arthur Curtiss James. As a result of these mid-winter lectures, annual members are secured for the Society. An Endowment Fund Committee of the Ladies’ Auxiliary has collected and sent to Mr. Pyne, Treasurer of the Society, to add to the Endowment of the Zoological Society, $2,520 of the $5,000 pledged. A Junior Auxiliary of children was formed by Miss Char- lotte Barnes, who planned the work, enlisting the interest and 56 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY activities of hundreds of the children, and when obliged to re- sign her active interest, Mrs. Richard Trimble took the Chair- manship of the Junior Auxiliary, and has most ably carried it on. The children’s interest is keen, and their pleasure and profit very great, for their powers of observation and their love of animals are so quickened when visiting the Park under the kindly and inspiring guidance of Director Hornaday, that as one child said: “I wish I could give every animal to the Park.” A very active portion of the activities of the Ladies’ Auxil- iary has been a combination with the New York Parks and Play- grounds Association, and under the splendid management of it by Miss Pauline Robinson, and the generosity of the individual ladies of the Auxiliary, thousands of children are taken to the Park, under the protection of suitable guides, and from May to November spend days there, and are given lunch in the Park. During the War, the membership has lessened in numbers, and the Endowment Fund has not been added to, but with the dawn of Peace, and the resumption of normal life once more, it is hoped to extend the efforts of the Ladies’ Auxiliary to greater success in the years to come. Mrs. H. FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Chairman. i¢ 96nd 2204 ieak Aq 1v9h Buisevasoul A[[enpess 61 aZapiAlid s1q} jo ose }UueApe Burye} St yey} Sjsijrze JO Jequinu 34 pue ‘s1o}djnos pue Slajuled Aq SUuOIzZDaT[OD SI JO £pnjs ay} peseinoous sey Aza190G su MWUVd TVOIDOIOOZ AHL NI SIVWINV CGTIMSONILNIVd usoquog “ay uunjy Nq *0VOYUT U5 Bens. oe \e Sakis SesGEs Se gS aan j REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS. HE year 1918 has been the most unsatisfactory year in the history of the Zoological Park. It involved a serious short- age of coal, the loss of a number of valuable men by the draft, the death of many specimens that could not be replaced, an em- bargo on imports, a long and irritating investigation by the Com- missioner of Accounts, and lastly, a heavy cut in our mainte- nance appropriation for 1919. Through diligence and makeshifts of many kinds, the coal shortage was sufficiently overcome that the tropical collections were carried through the winter without any calamities. The outlook for coal is now far better than it was one year ago. Twelve of our young men were called to the colors, and six others were ordered to seek “essential employment.” This placed us in double embarrassment, to supply the places of the absen- tees and to preserve those places in such a manner that they can again be made available to their original occupants when the gov- ernment releases them from service. In addition to this, the Zoological Society felt compelled to make up to the men who entered the Army or the Navy the difference between their Park pay and their pay in the service of the United States. EMBARGO ON IMPORTS. In June, 1917, the War Trade Board forbade all importa- tions of “‘wild animals” for any other than ‘“‘breeding purposes,” and this caused a loss of several valuable shipments for which we had previously arranged. The embargo continued until about December 15, when it was “‘relaxed.’’ Previous to that time the embargo had covered all even-toed ungulates from Central and South America, Africa, Asia, Europe and the Pacific Islands. 58 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OUR MAINTENANCE FUND FOR 1919. By the most careful management and all possible economies, the Zoological Park was carried through the year 1918 on its fund of $207,586 from the City and $2,642.70 from the funds of the Zoological Society without a deficit. In preparing the an- nual budget for 1919, it was resolved to ask for no increase save a sum sufficient to give each member of the Zoological Park force drawing less than $1,400 per year a salary increase of 10 per cent. Such an increase would benefit 147 persons, and called for an addition of about $14,000 to our appropriation. In spite of rising prices we resolved to attempt to go through 1919 on the same funds as for 1918, and therefore the total amount called for by our budget was $221,878. In making up the tentative City Budget, the Board of Es- timate cut us down to $175,000! At the public hearing on the budget, and by correspondence, strong protests were made against that reduction, and an urgent appeal was made for at least $200,000. Eventually the Board increased our amount to $190,000, but coupled with it a condition that the $15,000 added above the tentative budget was for the purpose of providing for a salary increase of $100 to each em- ployee receiving less than $1,800 per year. We heartily endorse the increase in the pay of our low- salaried employees, and we are most thankful that they are to have it. At the same time, our own troubles are on a basis of $175,000 per year for everything save that increase. The cut we have suffered in salaries and supplies amounts to about 15.5 per cent. of our living expenses for 1918 (i. e., $207,586). Now, how is that 15! per cent. deficit ($32,000) to be met? The working force of the Park must be reduced to make it fit the money available for its pay. The Zoological Society will raise and contribute toward the cost of food, fuel and general supplies a sum that will cover the 1514 per cent. deficit created under those items. The figures will have to stand about as follows: Reductions in the working force, to save $10,000 To be raised by subscription in the Society... 18,000 To be taken from the Animal Purchase Fund 4,000 Total deficit to be met $32,000 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 59 To carry out the above program, the members of the Society now are being asked to subscribe, for the year 1919 only, the $18,000 necessary to keep the Park up to its present level. Sub- scriptions are being made on the express understanding that under no circumstances will the Zoological Society ask its mem- bers to assume for 1921 any portion of the cost of maintaining the Park. We look forward to the future with grave apprehension. The size of the collections of the Zoological Park was based upon our agreement with the City that it would maintain the build- ings and collections. Large and numerous collections require a large force of men, and large quantities of food and fuel. Mil- lions of visitors call for a large force of cleaners. The sum allotted us for 1919, $190,000, is totally inadequate to the needs of the Park if it is to be maintained at its present standard. This year the Zoological Society will make up the deficit, and we will go on, on what will seem to be the 100 per cent. scale. Next year the Society will make up no deficits in maintenance. Will the City give us next year the fund of $220,- 000 that will be absolutely required for going on? That ques- tion we cannot answer. One thing, however is certain: we can not pay men or buy food and coal with wishes. If the annual funds given us here- after are not adequate for our maintenance, we will have no re- course but to reduce our collections in order to live within our means. It is useless to dwell here upon the huge annual influx of visitors (always from 1,750,000 to 2,000,000), or the educational, recreational or financial value of the Zoological Park. Few consider the financial return that the Society secures for the City, but that return is very substantial. Every visitor not a resident in the immediate vicinity, (and the number of such visitors is a very large percentage of the total), contributes at least ten cents to the transportation system in which the City now has a very substantial interest. The annual total is very nearly that granted by the City to the Society for annual main- tenance. Every stranger who visits the city and comes to the Park, (and there are many thousands of them), usually must remain an extra day in order to do so. The total annual cash expended by these visitors we have no means of knowing, but it 60 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY must be a large sum. The reports which these visitors make of the Park when they return home tends to induce others to visit New York. In other words, the Park is for the City a valuable advertising medium, and the Society, with its sister institutions, aids in making the City a highly attractive metropolis, spreading its fame throughout the United States and abroad. It is no exag- geration, therefore, to say that the maintenance of the Park is no drain on the wealth of the city, and that financially the City is the gainer by reason of the Park. Those facts are well known. This Park was made by all the people of New York. It is conducted for them. The Zoological Society not only gets no material “benefit”? out of it all, but it is an annual source of expense to the extent of about $30,000. The Society has done far more for this institution that it ever promised to do. Now, do the taxpayers of New York,—joint owners of the establishment,—wish this Park to be maintained on a level scale, or do they wish its progress to slack up, and drop back? Do they wish to have the word go all over the world that “the New York Zoological Park is going down’? Once that word starts out, it will be a long task to overtake it. The saving which the tax- payers will effect by seriously injuring the Park will equal less than one cent apiece to each of the inhabitants of Greater New York! ATTENDANCE. The total attendance of visitors at the Park since it was opened in 1899 has been 26,704,936. The attendance for 1918 suffered a heavy loss through the plague of influenza. During the months of August, September and October, when the crowds should have been great, the falling off was very marked. The attendance by months was as follows: 1918 1917 January 38,528 74,238 February 56,620 83,3853 March 135,482 89,853 April 161,544 208,723 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 61 UES? AERO Tee ie, Se Aa ae Dome t 195,859 SPUTING Gf id Lee SO me 246,307 263,912 SLRS tle Ae Ge 269,273 246,944 CAAT TSH geek ia leat eal ee ERO ae ed 174,949 250,050 September. ass 4. ee 191,134 216,267 Octower?—.).°-.: 2): Boa Bey ie ee 108,970 131,467 ITOVETIDER. 6. Sats a, 85,099 108,421 December 2.28...» eae ee 70,394 pds es Si | 1,770,437 1,898,424 SKATING ON BRONX LAKE. In the winter of 1918, a resident of the Bronx elected him- self the champion of the interests of the skaters of the Bronx, and various demands were made upon the Zoological Park and the President of the Borough of the Bronx. The Zoological Park force was called upon to exert itself during the winter season to do whatever might be necessary to provide and main- tain a free skating rink on Bronx Lake, near the Boathouse. It was kindly proposed that we should keep the ice clear of snow, and when it became rough, flood it with water in order to make smooth ice for skating. We were also expected to take precau- tions against accidents and assume the whole burden of prevent- ing injudicious persons from breaking through the ice and drowning themselves. Presently it was represented to the public that the Zoological Society was “preventing” skaters from enjoying themselves on the ice of Bronx Lake, and this quickly developed into an attack on the existence of the Boathouse and the lunchroom that is lo- cated therein. A demand was made that the Bronx River be entirely taken out of the jurisdiction of the Zoological Society. A petition of some sort, the precise contents of which are yet unknown to the Zoological Society, was circulated, and numerous signatures were obtained. The representation was made to the Borough President, when the petition was presented, that it con- tained “10,000 names”; whereas an actual count of the names on the petition by a reporter of the North Side News revealed only about 782 names! At a hearing given by Borough President Bruckner, the Zoological Society stated the fact that at no time since the open- ing of the Park in 1899 has the Zoological Park administration 62 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY prevented skating on Bronx Lake and River, save when the ice is dangerous; and furthermore, that it has expended a reasonable amount of labor in clearing the snow from the ice in winter seasons in order to provide skating. The Zoological Park man- agement declared its inability to expend the $2,000 or $2,500 per year that would be necessary to comply with the demands for a free skating rink in first-class order; and the public was invited to raise a fund of money, by subscription, among the skaters of the Bronx, to do the work which should be done. This invitation was indignantly rejected. Borough President Bruckner patiently heard both sides, and then declared that the whole matter lay entirely outside of his jurisdiction and that he saw no occasion to interfere. Since that time, three occurrences, two of them of a tragic character, have emphasized our demand for “safety first.’”’ Dur- ing the present winter two boys broke through the ice, and one of them was drowned. One week following, four boys, who had been sternly warned to keep off the ice, broke through; but through the gallant efforts of a sailor from the Pelham Bay Naval Training Station, named Bertram E. Reed, all four were rescued. The Director of the Park has strongly recommended Seaman Reed to the Carnegie Hero Fund Commission as a can- didate for a hero medal. On the next day following a soldier broke through the thin ice in the middle of the river, and was drowned,—after having walked directly past one of our danger signs! These lamentable occurrences have led some of our critics publicly to acknowledge that our contention regarding the dan- gerous character of Bronx Lake as a place for skating was well founded. The excess of danger lies in the fact that the strong current in the river, which prevails nearly every winter, main- tains a wide strip of thin ice in the middle of the river, which, even when the shore ice is thick, and perfectly safe, is exceed- ingly dangerous, and utterly impossible to guard completely from injudicious persons. In the future, as it has done in the past, the Zoological Park administration intends to do all that lies within its power to promote skating on Bronx Lake, but the persistent and continu- ous disregard of our danger signals by persons skating, and by others not skating, will remain in the future, as it has been in the past, a fruitful source of accidents, some of which will oc- TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 63 casionally prove fatal. Without fencing in the entire water course and managing it under lock and key, it is impossible to prevent some injudicious people from running into danger and risking their lives. POLICE PROTECTION. Early in 1918, following the incoming of the new City Administration, the Zoological Society approached Police Com- missioner Enright with an earnest request for a continuation of the special detail of two plain clothes officers during six months of the year, to do duty in the Zoological Park in arresting the most flagrant of the violators of the Park regulations. Long experience has revealed the fact that one officer in plain clothes is of more effect in preventing vandalism in parks than half a dozen officers in uniform. The police uniform is always to evil doers in parks a danger signal which is visible from afar, and for this reason park vandals are passive while a uniformed officer is in sight, but become active in his absence. The officer in plain clothes is, however, a different matter. He is practically omnipresent, and the liability of arrest by an inno- cent looking civilian has a deterrent influence that is of very great value in park protection. It is our estimate that in the prevention of pocket-picking and vandalism in public parks, one diligent plain clothes officer, or better still, two officers working together, can accomplish more results in the detection and pun- ishment of disorder and crime than could be rendered by six officers in uniform. Our request to Commissioner Enright was considered pa- tiently, and was graciously and immediately granted, very much to the benefit of the Zoological Park during the past summer. ZOOLOGICAL PARK MILITARY COMPANY. The Military Company formed and drilled in the Zoological Park has maintained its organization, excepting for a depletion by enlistments and service in the army and navy. Fortunately, the small company that remained after nearly half its members had gone into the service of the United States, was not requisi- tioned for anything more, outside the Zoological Park, than bat- talion drills and semi-military parades. The great number of soldiers and sailors quartered in and near New York quite appre- ciably diminished the risk of disorder in New York City, to meet which the company was organized. 64 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY The company remains, and will continue to remain, on an active footing, and its members have been supplied by the city of New York with good warm overcoats for winter use, which now render duty in winter not only possible but -fairly com- fortable. WAR GARDENS. During the year our efforts to raise vegetables and grain in the Zoological Park for our animals were diligently contin- ued. The employees of the Privilege Department also raised con- siderable supplies of vegetables for the Rocking Stone Restaurant. The report of the Chief Constructor and Chief Forester, Mr. Merkel, shows in detail the quantities of vegetables raised for animal food, from which it will be observed that the saving effected by this industry was quite considerable. DEPARTMENT OF MAMMALS. W. T. Hornaday, Curator; R. L. Ditmars, Assistant Curator. Like a millstone hanging upon the neck of every zoological park or garden is the necessity of continuous replenishment of the collections. The inflow of new accessions must at least be equal to the outgo by old age, accident and disease. A four-year embargo on imports places a great strain upon any vivarium; and that is precisely what we have been through. Partly by good luck, and partly by extra diligence, the holes that exist in the Zoological Park collections are not really no- ticeable, save in the Small-Mammal House. There, twenty-six empty cages in one building are decidedly noticeable. The census of December 31 shows that falling off in the three departments, in figures, but with the exception noted above, our cages seem to be well filled. With the return of peace, all our losses and shortages will be made good, within a reasonable time, and—if adequate maintenance is forthcoming—the end of 1920 will see all the Park collections again up to high-water mark. Already our male African elephant, Kartoum, is starting out again to renew the hilarity of the nations of the earth by becoming “bad,” and breaking everything that his Titanic strength can subdue. Really, his actions make us feel that the renewal of ‘old times” is at hand! oly Fase 5. - “4 ‘ 7 ’ a4 ‘Le 7 = pes, ue" =) 7 o¢ ¥, } ' i, , ® : 7 o7 j " ld ; = > * | aA V6 j ‘e) avs YY) mat , af. ij | AG ; : : . ‘ J 7 pi a A ag 7) E h ets ot » her & is ’ . 2 be : ; K eels cg a6nd aoDq ‘aanjoid ay} UL UMOYS SB pojoe1a useq BBY YOIYM Jo suo ‘y41Bq BY} OF SABO assay} JO OM} pajyuesaad sey ‘AjJaIN0g ay} Aq peysi[q id Ajjueder , sjuBesRayd 243 Jo ydeisouoW Y,, a/qIssod apeul OY “lasny “Y Auoyyuy [euojog SLNVSVHHd AHL YOd AOVO ONIATA ULOQUDS *y uunjy fq “07047 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 65 IMPORTANT ACCESSIONS. The following were the more important purchases during 1918: One large female chimpanzee ‘“‘Susette,’’ 1 Green monkey, 1 rhesus monkey, 2 mangabey monkeys, 1 black entellus monkey, 2 golden baboons, 1 ocelot, 3 badgers, 1 tayra, 2 kit foxes, 1 albino woodchuck, 1 Canada porcupine, 1 Mexican fox squirrel, 4 southern fox squirrels, 1 olive agouti, 1 sea lion, 3 Bactrian camels, male and female and young, 1 Rocky Mountain goat, 1 Texas armadillo and 1 Australian echidna. The following were the more important gifts during the year 1918: One black spider monkey, 1 Green monkey, 1 red fox, 2 coati mundis, 2 coyotes, 2 black bear cubs, 1 polar bear cub, 1 kinka- jou, 1 Mexican red squirrel, 1 Malabar squirrel, 1 young Bac- trian camel, 1 peccary and 1 murine opossum. DEATHS. The more important deaths during 1918 and notations of causes condensed from the acting veterinarian’s reports were as follows: Indian rhinoceros, (myocarditis, or inflammation of the mus- cular tissue of the heart; also aneurism); Bactrian camel, (chronic intestinal catarrh) ; mountain zebra, (gangrene of the colon resulting from intestinal obstruction) ; Rocky Mountain goat, (gastro-enteritis). Our last musk ox had been on exhibition for eight years, which makes an exceptional record for this difficult species. It was the last survivor of several specimens presented to the So- ciety by Paul J. Rainey. A post mortem revealed a condition of general malnutrition. None of the organs indicated an ac- tually diseased stage. For several years we had had difficulty in inducing this animal to properly feed during the transition season from fall to winter. We also lost several specimens among the larger kangaroos, from a mysterious but mild epidemic which broke out in the Small-Deer House. The disease attacked the lower jaw, each 66 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY time starting as a large abscess, and developing rapidly into ne- crosis. By stringent methods of isolation and disinfection the malady was stamped out. There has been no indication of a recurrence during the past four months. Several old and decrepit buffaloes were mercifully destroyed, by shooting. We lost the female Yezo bear during a fight with a cagemate and it was found necessary to destroy the hybrid Sloth-Russian Brown bear owing to that animal becoming so savage that it was extremely dangerous for the keepers to enter the dens at cleaning time. There was but a single loss worthy of note in the Primate House, and this involved an East African baboon that had been on exhibition nearly from the time the building was opened. Other extremely old specimens that died during the year were a Congo sitatunga and an Atlai wapiti. One of our sea lions was killed during a fight with a newly ar- rived specimen and another specimen died of pneumonia during the cold wave in early January. A young male eland was at- tacked by a larger bull and killed. Following is a list of births during 1918: 1 Mongoose Lemur 5 Axis Deer 4 Aoudad 1 Hog Deer 5 Himalayan Tahr 1 Mongolian Horse 1 Mouflon i Yak 2 American Buffalo 1 Black-faced Kangaroo 1 Eld’s Deer 1 Parry’s Kangaroo 2 Barasingha Deer 1 Woodward’s Kangaroo 7 White-tailed Deer 1 Ring-tailed Wallaby 6 Red Deer 1 Red Kangaroo 4 Fallow Deer 5 Gray Wolves 1 Sika Deer *2 Grizzly Bears 1 Elk 4 Kit Foxes 4 American Beaver 4 Raccoon Dogs 30 Prairie “Dogs” *Killed by parent. During the year we sold four gray wolves, ten red deer and two tahr. Under the skillful handling of Keeper D’Osta, in charge of the Primate House, the large chimpanzee Susette performed daily in the large outside cage at the northerly end of the Pri- mate House. This continued during the warm spring, sum- TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 67 mer and autumn months. These exhibitions were remarkable demonstrations of the mental capabilities of the anthropoids. Susette dined from a table, smoked cigarettes, did “trick” rid- ing on a bicycle, walked a tight-rope, ascended a sharp incline on a big ball and concluded with a surprising exhibition of roller skating. These performances were enjoyed by thousands of visitors and they particularly entertained the children, for whom an elevated platform is provided. As in former years, the Society loaned a series of small mam- mals, birds and reptiles for study purposes to the Washington Irving High School. These animals are returned to the Park during the vacation period and sent back in September. This school has a very attractive vivarium for the exhibition of living specimens, and each year it is visited by thousands of children from schools in different parts of the city. A census of the collections of mammals compiled on Decem- ber 31, 1918, is as follows: Species. Specimens. Moa rsupia lta: 2.8.5 Aa ee eee ast es 14 35 DUG CUNT ECN NG, Ae eas ee ea eC Gi GP Me neta og 1 I Soealenter a Nietee ee i een er he ms re ee Be 38 89 Je 0 1 a ee no ee 2 i Z Pog. 27 S11, pa eat a pcre Wot an eee Sr 2D 113) LE [ELDER a IE Pa ee De Oe TE Al 56 Artiodactyla (Even-toed Ungulates) 47 224 Perissodactyla (Odd-toed Ungulates) ............. 11 19 OH ORCIR CAN ele Tee ee ee te ae 2 3 Wimitopeenictds + 2042 RE. feat ee Pe 1 i 167 567 DEPARTMENT OF BIRDS. Lee S. Crandall, Curator; William Beebe, Honorary Curator; Samuel Stacey, Head Keeper. The close of the great war finds the collections of the Bird Department somewhat reduced in numbers but still rich in rare and unusual forms. Increased vigilance and intensive care on the part of our keepers has enabled us to retain many species which might easily have succumbed to the adverse conditions through which most of them have successfully passed. We thus 68 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY have a sufficient nucleus from which we may safely expect soon to regain our former numbers and at the same time spare a considerable collection of duplicates for European institutions more needy than ourselves. During the past year, only sixteen species new to the col- lection were added, as compared with sixty-five during 1914, the first year of the war. Of these, the most important is a fine male argus pheasant (Argusianus agus), which we purchased on October 2. Very few living argus pheasants have reached this country and of the number none have long survived. Our bird, however, seems uncommonly vigorous and healthy, and is in excellent plumage. Other noteworthy arrivals were a fully adult male regent bird (Sericulus chrysocephalus), in plumage of black and orange velvet; a green-backed trumpeter (Psophia viridis), a rare and especially interesting bird, allied to the cranes, and a double- banded puff-bird (Bucco bicinctus), an obscure relative of the wood-peckers, probably never before exhibited alive. On August 31, we received a tiny chick of the galeated curassow (Pauaxi pauxi), no larger than a quail. Fortunately, we had at the time a silky hen acting as a foster-mother to a young banded curassow of about the same age, and she readily accepted the newcomer. This bird has now become full-grown and the curious plum-like protruberance at the base of the beak has nearly reached its full size. Among the birds bred in the Park during the year, the most unusual is a banded curassow (Crax sclateri). Very few curas- sows have been bred in captivity and in the United States this has been accomplished only in the case of the globose. After sev- eral fruitless attempts, we at last succeeded in rearing one young bird, apparently the first record for the species. Three fine young upland geese (Chloéphaga magellanica) , attest the value of silky hens as foster-mothers. The parent geese hatched two goslings in 1917, but soon lost them. Last year we placed their eggs under a tiny silky, which finally hatched and triumphantly reared three vigorous youngsters. The spe- cies has not previously been bred in this country. The laughing gulls in the Flying Cage, after many vicissi- tudes, reared two young birds and a single white ibis survived, the first in several years to do so. A good number of wood and eet ee 2 4 Casuariiformes, WASSOWARLES G00 5. teers 3 10 Tinamiformes, PIGANGOUS hy os rey 3 5 Galliformes, Quail, Pheasants, ete.......... 68 149 70 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Turniciformes, Hemipodes* 4. -.. 2 >. 2 3 Pteroclidiformes, Dalid. Grouse 25 48.288 1 1 Columbiformes, Pigeons and Doves ............. 61 189 Ralliformes, Rails and Gallinules ........... ai 14 Sphenisciformes, Pen Suiits: & 2S Pee 1 1 Lariformes, Gulls and: Terns:.2 27 > iB 40 Charadriiformes, Plovers and Sandpipers.. 5 10 Gruiformes, Cranes, Seriemas, etc... 13 27 Ardeiformes, Ibises, Storks and Herons 30 70 Palamedeiformes, BCECAMEES 2.2.2 2 ae 2 3 Phoenicopteriformes, BIAMIN gS OCH se 2 2 Anseriformes, Swans, Geese and Ducks 54 488 Pelecaniformes, Cormorants and Pelicans 10 18 Cathartidiformes, New World Vultures ......... 7 14 Accipitriformes, Hawks and Eagles; Old World Vultures. =. = 19 30 Strigiformes, S316 (ce Snes RI ee TP ae) 1 33 Psittaciformes, Parrots and Cockatoos..... 66 137 Coraciiformes, Kingfishers, Hornbills, Bios: See ea. ae 4 9 Cuculiformes, Cuckoos and Touracos .... 6 10 Scansoriformes, Barbets and Toucans .... 6 9 Piciformes, Woodpeckers) = = 22) ss. 4 14 -asseriformes, Thrushes, Sparrows and other perching birds...332 1,149 736 2,406 Summary: Orders, 26; Species, 736; Specimens, 2,406. DEPARTMENT OF REPTILES. Raymond [,, Ditmars, Curator; Charles Snyder, Head Keeper. The work of the department during the year involved a continuous struggle to maintain the collection at a standard to compare with former years. No foreign specimens arrived to fill gaps caused by the gradual loss of delicate specimens dur- ing four years of war and embargo on the shipments of all kinds of animals. Moreover, it was extremely difficult to obtain speci- mens of the North American reptiles. Nearly all of our former collectors were engaged in some kind of government work and could not be reached or had not the opportunity to gather speci- mens. Pree t —s ay te T Pe Rye ee ie JUUU SU [ 0} JeAJesqoO 94} Pee] P[NOM souUB]s |BNSEO B 3BYy ‘[!B} 84} SI aXI[-peey os “‘speoy OM} Jo passessod seM piezi] SNolind si4y 7e4A aulsew GuvZiTt GaTivL- dNOLSs TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT fill The Curator of this department gave part of his vacation to collecting specimens in the mountains of Sullivan County, engaged a guide and made a number of trips to ledges and cov- ered much ground by automobile. This work resulted in the capture of over a hundred good exhibition specimens of ten dis- tinct species and enabled us to fill several of the big cages which were practically empty. One of the exhibits thus formed con- sisted of a fine series of rattlesnakes. Keeper George Palmer spent his entire vacation period in collecting reptiles in Pike County, Pennsylvania. He brought back over eighty specimens of reptiles and an interesting series of amphibians and insects. The scientific work of the department during the year con- sisted of articles for the New York Zoological Society Bulletin. The Curator also prepared and arranged 4,000 feet of motion picture material which was exhibited at the Board of Managers’ Dinner and the Annual Meeting. This material was afterwards projected in the Park in an entertainment arranged by Curator Ditmars for the Keepers and other members of the Park force. At the suggestion of the Chief Engineer of Light and Power of the city, Mr. Ditmars was examined and passed as a licensed motion picture operator and hence may officially under the new laws assist the Society in its exhibitions. The department shipped a quart of dried snake venom to Dr. Vital Brazil, at the Institute of Serum Therapy, at Sao Paulo, Brazil. The institute was much in need of a generous supply of venom to continue its work of producing anti-venomous serums. The venom was obtained from one of our collectors in Texas and represented the extraction of poison from over three thousand large rattlesnakes. Following is a census of the collection compiled on December ale AGIs: - Species. Specimens. (BelInniansss..5 Vee aoe Er a 30 137 Crocanlians. 22 t.0 7 ce ee ee 3 66 LOTS ee Si | eo eae er ae ee i ik Soe 10 35 STAT TESTS Mae the ee ea oe 40 184 FeT AHO CO GTR ATS estes OS le ee ae 12 55 ~] iS) NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY SUMMARY OF COLLECTIONS. A census of the animals in the Zoological Park, taken Janu- ary 1, 1919, is as follows: Species. Specimens. Winns Ya a ee ees 167 567 TGS Se eee SE ieee hgh oa a 736 2,406 Reptiles and Amphibians ............... 95 477 Wolal. Gere met cries, ta A. 3828 Heads LEVEES) eid ec a LE ee see 821 Bunches Gp Stee ee ee en ee 14) “Tons (RDTELA STS al Ie ee ee 30 # Loads Rye, Green SE Re ee a 5 Loads Grapes ...... oa atl Bake) gate a SPUR De 219" “Tabs: [BES TUE OSes 10 Lbs. [TeV GLO) AS epee cong 2 nee, Sea aeli weee i) SO ee ee 1,165 | Sie lo fob aaa tee or, Se Aa te MR a ee ee 619 GT. SPIE) wast ts agreed reel 2 are ne ea a ee 363 I ONG: EON iy A 0 ole RN ese ft Bet ea Ee a 2,036 PEG ie Seen eee ee eds ee Re Ee a Bt 6 LESSER eile eis a sta ee ee ee 54 | IMEC De cee oe ee ae i WEES ee Rees Ce ape ee ae 1,904 In the greenhouses, 28,100 plants for bedding or other orna- mental purposes were produced during the year. This work was carried out with difficulties ever present. GENERAL. The high cost of building materials, steel and paint, the great number of changes in the labor force, and many actual 78 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY shortages of men have caused serious deterioration in certain lines, and special efforts must be made in 1919 to eatch up with these repairs in order to prevent disastrous results. This is true chiefly in walk repair work, in forestry and in repairs on old buildings and installations. It is imperative that important work should be done in the section of the Park east of the Boston Road; between the Boston Road and the river. The main walk should be built to Bronx- dale, and some of the steeper slopes protected from the public, as the bare, hard, tramped soil of these slopes is beginning to erode badly, and many of the fine old trees are dead or dying. The plot east of the Bronx River adjacent to 180th Street should be cleaned, graded and seeded. Suitable guard rails should be supplied along the east river walk, and the entire walk, nearly a mile in length, should be resurfaced. The entire forest east of the Bronx River, in which no re- pair or pruning work has been done in six years, needs a great deal of attention, and I hope that funds for this purpose will be available. DEPARTMENT OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND PUBLICATION. Elwin R. Sanborn, Editor and Photographer; Anna Newman, Assistant. Photography.—During 1918 the photographic work included views of various subjects in the Park, musk ox, chimpanzees, murine opossum, several of the marsupials of Australia, opossum mouse, phalangers and flying-squirrels; tawny frogmouth, hom- ing pigeons, beavers, beaver works, sloth bears, stump-tailed lizards, ete.; bear dens, details of construction work, forestry work and a series of negatives at the Aquarium. The continued searcity of glass as a support for sensitive emulsions is bringing about an important change in photographic work, and that is the substitution of cut films for dry plates. As most of the glass used in this work was produced abroad, the supplies from those sources were practically eliminated. This necessitated the finding of a substitute for glass, which has been realized by the use of heavy celluloid. These films are now being produced and are rapidly taking the place of the old glass plate, an event that is as of much importance as the introduc- War Service Honor Roll OF THE New York Zoological Park *W. Rew Brair Enlisted September, 1917, in American Expeditionary Force. Received Major's commission in Veterinary Corps, Nov., 1917. Sta- tioned Camp Lee, Va. Went overseas June, 1918. With Army of Occupation in Coblenz, Germany. Honorably Discharged June, 1919. *Cyrin James NEWMAN Enlisted August, 1917, in U. S. N. R. F., aboard U. S. S. Granite State. Transferred U. S. S. Pres. Grant, Sept., 1917. Appointed Chief Yeoman, July, 1918. Released from active service, May, 1919. Wiriram Kawnsk1 Enrolled April, 1918. Overseas, 302nd Infantry, July, 1918. Still in service with Army of Occupation. Georce MILirr Enrolled May, 1918. Overseas, 84th Division, September, 1918. Still in service with Army of Occupation. *Epwarp O. Reuter Enrolled September, 1917. Overseas, 307th Infantry, April, 1918. Honorably Discharged February, 1919. *Howaryo ENGENOLM Enrolled October, 1917. Overseas, 328th, Co. H, 82nd Division, April, 1918. Gassed at St. Mihiel. Recovered. In active service 9 months. Honorably Discharged December, 1918. *Locis Wann Enrolled July, 1918. 312th Signal Battalion of 87th Division at Camp Dix. Transferred to Camp Signal Loft as instructor in the handling of Homing Pigeons. Honorably Discharged, Dec., 1918. WILLIAM SMEAD Enrolled July, 1918. 312th Signal Battalion of 87th Division at Camp Dix. Transferred to Camp Signal Loft as instructor in the care of Homing Pigeons. Honorably Discharged December, 1918. “Frank Dove Enlisted May, 1917. Overseas, Co. I, 9th Infantry. Wounded and gassed at Soissons, July, 1918. Recovered. In active service iS months. Honorably Discharged February, 1919. *Winniam Mec Brive Enlisted August, 1918. U.S. Naval Reserve Force, Great Lake Naval Training Station. Honorably Discharged January, 1919. Davin Martin Enlisted July, 1918, U. S. Naval Reserve Force, Pelham Train- ing Station. Honorably Discharged December, 1918. Donatp Carter Enrolled April, 1918. Overseas, 78th Division, Headquarters, June, 1918. Honorably Discharged June, 1919. tEnnest Banks Enrolled September, 1918. Medical Detachment, Fort Ogle- thorpe, Ga. Honorably Discharged January, 1919. *Returned to the Zoological Park service. ‘Returned to the Zoological Park service—Resigned, TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT fi, tion of dry plates and developing papers. And, moreover, cellu- loid coated with the same emulsion as glass has decidedly more speed. The films are unbreakable, and their weight is a mere trifle compared with the same number of glass negatives, and halation is practically eliminated. The finished film negatives can be filed in an extremely small space such as a filing cabinet used for letters, and in case of necessity one man alone could easily carry from a building a num- ber of these negatives which represented in the same number by the old glass negatives would require at least ten men to transport. In other words, the films require one-sixth of the storage space and are one-tenth of the weight. This is a tremen- dous advantage both to the explorer, and the commercial pho- tograher. Bulletin.—Six numbers of the BULLETIN were issued in 1918, and despite the continued scarcity of sources upon which to draw for contributions the standard of the publication was thoroughly maintained. ‘The Quest of the Okapi,” by Herbert Lang, illus- trated by the author’s beautiful photographs, and an article on the “Mammals of Australia,” by W. H. D. Le Souef, were the most noteworthy contributions. Mr. Beebe furnished several stories from his apparently inexhaustible fund of material. and Mr. Crandall and Mr. Ditmars with their usual skill and perse- verance turned old stories into new ones. And, Dr. Hornaday’s genius for unearthing editorials where no editorials seemed to exist has added just the necessary finish to the editorial depart- ment. Dr. Townsend and the Aquarium staff supplied the mate- rial for two of the six numbers of the Bulletins. Annual Report.—The report for the last year was issued as heretofore. Zoopathologica.—Dr. George A. MacCallum continued his writing for this publication, furnishing a paper of sixty pages, divided into three numbers, illustrated with many drawings, on the genus Telorchis, studies of the Polystomidea and notes on the genus Camallanus. Zoologica.—Two numbers are in the hands of the printer ; one by W. H. D. Le Souef, and the other devoted to the work of Mr. Beebe at the Tropical Research Station in British Guiana. 80 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Appended is a statement of the photographic work in 1918: Prints for Album (Aquarium) ..................... See ee Prints for Albunr (Park): 2... ee Ad a alee ee: 343 Pemts. tor Puplicanons see ee eee 344 Prints for Miscellaneous purposes 0 = BT 1,315 CONCLUSION. The present year is no time to discuss future improvements with the expectation of seeing them carried out in the near fu- ture. We are more than ever impressed by the necessity of the expenditure of about $5,000 in protecting the banks of the Bronx River between the river and Boston Road. This improvement should embrace the entire length of the western bank. It would be unfair to the public to fence off the area that is being dam- aged from all use by the public until it can be put into condi- tion and provided with walks. On the other hand, it is very dis- quieting to see the need of work in walk-building and bank res- toration without any ability whatever to carry it into effect. At the earliest possible moment this matter shall receive treat- ment, but first of all funds must be forthcoming with which to pay the cost. In the immediate future, extensive restorations of wire cage work out of doors will be necessary, and at all hazards these demands must be met. Fine wire netting deteriorates very rap- idly and soon falls to pieces. The ceilings of a number of cages in the Lion House will this year demand thorough repair on account of the damage inflicted upon them by the leaky roof. The roof, however, has been recovered with tar instead of copper, and is now in excel- lent condition. The old shelter at the Fordham Entrance continues to be a great eyesore, and a detriment to the reputation of the Park as a whole. It will cost $35,000 to erect there an entrance that will be in keeping with the reputation and general architectural excellence of this institution. There is no source from which to obtain funds for this much needed improvement save from the city of New York, and it is from that source that we must ask for it. Respectfully submitted, WILLIAM 'T. HORNADAY, Director. ee LO LL LET LEO I OB OL A Ixy 260d vonq ‘1aep [NJIyNevaq pus a1B1 S143 JO SpsoYy ANO paulejsns sey 91ed Bultarasiod pue jJussSi[[ezuU] ASNOH YAAC OILVISV “MOOddGVd Yad S.d Ta ULOquDg “ay uinpsy fq * ~~ 7 REPORT OF THE PENSION BOARD NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY HE Pension Board of the New York Zoological Society, as appointed by the Executive Committee, consists of: Geo. C. Clark, Chairman; Lewis R. Morris, Percy R. Pyne, Wm. Pierson Hamilton, Geo. Bird Grinnell, Chas. H. Townsend, H. R. Mitchell, R. L. Ditmars and H. W. Merkel. The Board held its meetings at the office of Mr. George C. Clark, Chairman, on the first Wednesday of each month. The following pensions were granted during the year 1918: Term of Service Yrs. Mos. Per Mon. (eS) 1S ie) ee 74 8 4 $20.00 (Pa Pee bATOULY 2c ened ea ie 61 10 20.00 Michael Gawrence ..................... 70 10 22.40 John Wessel _....... oe Ss, op A 76 8 4 20.00 Relief was granted to William Rose for a period of six months. On December 4, 1918, a pension was granted to Geo. Moran, to take effect January 1, 1919. Members lost through death or resignations were as follows: Name Date Refunded Witewvese< Died Aug. 23 John C. McCarthy iS Nov. 7 $65.25 Hedwig Sindermann.._ Resigned or Jan. 21 1.60 Fred; Langbein.... discharged Jan. 21 50.80 Alex. Ferguson ......._. rh Feb. 11 65.30 Was Weresr ss z Mch. 28 54.85 Jos. Laiser Roos tects rs Apr. 16 12-25 Good. DUtehiie,. Jr. %s May 16 69.30 H. Engeholan 2 oF i May 22 9.70 82 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Branle Sorbey 3. 3). 2 June 3 58.03 Jos. Schoonmaker y June 30 11.03 Pag 3." Welly eee, ote ee July 20 65.90 Bert. Bivir 2° AE Te “ July 25 60.60 Mich Gang. 22. ts Aug. 9 61.10 CEOAMASHIOY 2.5 a0 > Ke on - Aug. 12 65.10 Fred. Engeholm es Oct.c 1 80.20 Stephen Beebe a Oct: 224 Tirole Timothy, leary Nov. 30 67.15 Elbot Bane. = a - Dec. 27 29.00 Pied se Wee patrick 2-2" 3 Sept. 3 78.45 $983.26 The above resignations and discharges relieved the Pension Fund of the liability for 165 years of accumulated service. As during previous years, the resignations were due to the fact that the advance in wages in war industries tempted many of the members to leave the Park. During the year the following new members were received, after having fulfilled the requirements of the rules, and having been examined by the physician appointed by the Board, Dr. Gilbert J. Van der Smissen, who has rendered valuable services: Howard Engeholm 4 Millie Foster Josephine Schlosser Frank Renner The funds of the Pension Board Income Account at the end of the year, and expendable in the payment of pensions, amount to $48,498.67, as against $37,627.11 at end of last year, showing an increase of $10,871.56. Of this increase during 1918, $1,838.80 was received as in- terest on investments, $2,930.73 came from dues paid by mem- bers, and $8,000.00 came from the New York Zoological Society. The Fund at the present time has 135 members, of whom 113 are employed in the New York Zoological Park and 22 in the New York Aquarium. In view of the accumulated funds in the Income Account now available for pensions, and the large number of resigna- tions which have taken place, the Board respectfully suggests that it may now be time to have a new survey made, with a view TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 83 to rescinding the suspension of Sec. 15 of the regulations govern- ing the Fund, relating to the subscribing employee’s widow’s pension, and of Sec. 17, relating to the pensioning on account of death resulting from injuries received in line of duty. Respectfully submitted, HERMANN W. MERKEL, Secretary, Pension Board. TROPICAL RESEARCH STATION Bartica District, British Guiana. REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1918. William Beebe, Director; Inness Hartley, Research Associate; John Tee-Van, Artist and Preparateur. LFRED EMERSON, a graduate student in zoology of Cor- nell University, has recently been added to the staff as Research Assistant. While no field work was possible under war conditions, Beebe and Tee-Van spent all the time available in a careful review of past collections and of zoological literature for records of the higher vertebrates of British Guiana, resulting in a prelimi- nary check-list that will be published in Zoologica early in 1919. This will be a valuable basis for work in the jungle during the coming year. In the preparation of these lists it was realized as never before, how complete is our ignorance of most of the amphibians, reptiles and mammals of this Colony. The references are scanty and for the most } rt consist merely of a description of spirit specimens or dried skins of adults, often of only one sex. The courtship and breeding habits, the young, food, methods of of- fence and defence, voice, color and seasonal changes, enemies, instincts—all these remain to be discovered. From this point of view the field opening before us is a most fascinating one, filled with unexpected discoveries, and the scope of the study of life- histories seems peculiarly appropriate to the workers of a Re- search Station founded by a Zoological Society. The ultimate results in no way conflict with the field of activity of a museum, but each should complement and be enhanced by the achievements of the other. ‘ The richness of the fauna of the Colony of British Guiana is reflected by a summary of these lists of the higher vertebrates, although they are of the most preliminary character and many TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 85 of the groups will probably be doubled in numbers when more thorough search has been carried on. A resume of the list seems well worthy of publication here: LT. Li. IV. sembled for work in the jungle. British Guiana . Class AMPHIBIA (Caecilians, Frogs and dW Cv21 6 (2) (elles Oi bleed Minsinetencetee sate ube Rete oeAe, Sys CPA AS Seel tcl De aod © dR ne, ke dene ane At Oe hi CHELONIA (Turtles and Tortoises)... init CROCODIELA’ (Crocodiles) ..........5 = 4 ACER TINUAL (hazards. 222g oe 34 OPETDEA: (CSNAKES)) 2 hee oe Tee 03 Glass AVES (Birds) 2250... ee eae nee (GlassuiViA MNGATORAS 2 oes pe ee 119 MARSUPIALIA (Opossums) ......................... 10 CHIROPTERA © (Bats) 252. tee 2 CARNIVORA (Jackals, Raccoons, Ot- HOPS ANCHO ALS) sue ee ee re 16 RODENTIA (Agoutis, Porcupines, Rats SLING VI CO eA aces OE Pai EDENTATA (Sloths, Anteaters and ArMAGUIOS)® ¢. 2a tales oe 8 PRIMATES -(Monkeys): 22252552... 99 ARTIODACTYLA (Peccaries and Deer) 8 PERISSODACTYLA (CLapirs): 2.02.08. 1 DIRENIA. (Sea=coOws) sn. 2eseeee il ODONTOCETI (Dolphins and Whales) 5) Bartica District 35 et et A A O00 Large numbers of species, both of vertebrates and inverte- brates were identified during the year, all past notes were re- arranged and a very complete laboratory outfit planned and as- The most important publication of the present year dealing with the work of the last two expe- ditions was a volume of essays written by the Director and pub- lished by Henry Holt under the title of “Jungle Peace.” Asa medium of advertisement for the Station it has proved a success, passing through six editions within three months. An expedition will start south early in the spring of 1919, and the Station be reopened for the year on its new and perma- nent site, known as Katabo. Several bungalows and a large lab- oratory have been placed at the disposal of the Station at Katabo, 86 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY which is a point of land at the junction of the Mazaruni and the Cuyuni Rivers. The buildings are shaded by a magnificent grove of bamboos upwards of a hundred feet in height, while the jungle begins at the very doors. A number of well-known scientific men will take advantage of this opportunity to visit the jungle and carry on their researches during the summer and autumn. ‘A New ete fr the [Remodeling of the Aquarium Building! | fRedrawn fron} Plans Prepared by Ci. H .: Townsend = | | : . 3 ! ® As SPACE TD BE-man, ‘ ; ~\ E FO + ' | NSS Gey : ! ee | ! pier | : pe mn ee ee --- = Ny i @ // ® DIAMETER OF SECOND BTORY DIAMETER OF THIRD STORY \ Poe | p10 “BASE MENT UNDER THESE OFFICES Th PAGE PAGE PAGE PAGE PAGE ERRATA 95 Second paragraph. Read 448 for 447. 104 Carps. After Zebra Fish, etc., insert LOACHES - Cobitidae, and read Dojo for Doja. 104 Catfishes. African Catfish. Read CLARIJAS species, for species undertermined. 110-111 From Surgeonfishes to Sea Bats belongs at the end of the list of salt water tropical fishes on page 116. 116 From Turtles to end of page 117 should follow turtles on page 113. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE AQUARIUM TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS HE position occupied by the New York Aquarium among the public museums of the City is not an enviable one. Confined within its century-old walls and limited in exhibition space to the original one hundred tanks, its growth is restrained as effec- tively as that of a crustacean unable to molt its old shell. Nor- mal development, such as has attended the other city museums, has been denied it in spite of the fact that in visitors it is far in the lead. Various plans submitted for its improvement from time to time have been approved—and placed on file. The present out- look is no brighter than it was before the war. A material increase in exhibition space is possible without encroachment on the limited territory of Battery Park, while the daily operation of the mechanical department is still conduct- ed under conditions verging on the intolerable. A disadvantage of long standing is a fire room subject to serious flooding during the neap and spring tides of each month. At such times the firemen wear rubber hip boots and shovel wet coal into the furnaces from half submerged wheelbarrows. When coal wagons arrive at such times it necessitates the delay of wagons and men until the tide ebbs, entailing serious addi- tional expense, at the rate of $3.80 a day with each coal trimmer’s time charged against the Aquarium. During a recent high tide the wagon and four men were detained an hour and a half. On April 11, the water rose to within two and a half inches of the furnace grate bars. Three inches more of rise would have put out the fires and stopped all pumps. This perpetually harass- ing condition can be corrected only by the removal of the entire mechanical department to the unused basement at the landward side of the building, where it can be protected from tbe sea tides. It is a change which has so far been urged without effect. 88 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY The difficulties connected with the care and proper manage- ment of the antiquated and worn-out comfort room can be reme- died only by modernizing the present antiquated equipment and extending it to the full capacity of the space available. This should be done without delay, as present conditions are a re- proach to the institution. The administrative work of the Aquarium is carried on without the space necessary for effectiveness. The office space is limited, while feed room, repair room, and storage room are all mere make-shifts. The external appearance of the Aquarium has long been the subject of unfavorable comment. Its light, modern superstruc- ture, already weakened by the cutting of skylights at various times, should be replaced by something more in keeping with heavy walls of a building originally constructed as a fort. In this report the director refrains from entering into de- tails respecting the many needs of the building, all of which have been considered at length in previous reports. The remedy for the general retardation of the Aquarium lies in the shifting of all machinery to an unused basement, the con- version of the space thus vacated into exhibition tanks, and the addition of a third story for administrative purposes. Repairs to Roof.—An appropriation of $3,000 for long-need- ed repairs to the roof was made in 1917, but the work was, unfor- tunately, not commenced during that year. In 1918 this amount was reduced to $943.50 for temporary repairs and the work is in progress. Increased Coal Storage.-—The most important improvement effected during the year was the construction of an additional coal bin of sixteen tons’ capacity. The space for the coal was created by excavating under the tiled floor of the main hall, just in front of the pump room. The fuel now stored there is held as a reserve supply, not to be drawn upon except in emergency. The appropriation for this improvement was $770. The main coal storage space has not been enlarged and at best holds only a four days’ supply. Stored Sea Water.—The filling of the recently enlarged exhi- bition tanks with sea water, naturally had the effect of lowering the level in the reservoir holding the supply of stored sea water. TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 89 It was altogether impossible during the summer to secure the use of a water boat to renew the supply. This was not accom- plished until December, and at more than three times the former cost. The water is obtained far enough out at sea to be free from the pollutions which render the water of the harbor unfit for aquarium purposes. Coal Shortage in January.—The Aquarium was closed to visitors from January 18 to 28 inclusive, in compliance with the orders of the Fuel Administrator. Only enough fuel was used to keep the pumps in operation and to warm water for the tropi- cal collections. There was a saving in coal amounting to about fifty per cent. The employes were on duty and kept warm by engaging in vigorous house-cleaning. Exhibits.—The total number of specimens now in the Aqua- rium is 3,925, and the number of species 156. These figures as compared with those of the same date of the preceding year, show a decrease in specimens on exhibition of 2,124 and of spe- cies 30. Of fishes there are 2,628 specimens and 113 species; invertebrates 1,094 specimens and 17 species; amphibians, 105 specimens and 9 species; reptiles, 96 specimens and 15 species; and one mammal, a sea lion. The decrease has been chiefly in fishes, owing to the collect- ing of fewer specimens. The exhibits of all aquariums are col- lected directly from the waters, there being no purveyors of aquatic animals. The collecting work of the employes was unusually difficult in 1918, owing to conditions resulting from the war and from the epidemic of influenza. The transportation of tanks of speci- mens by rail and by boat was hampered in various ways, while the movements of small fishing boats about the harbor were un- der many restrictions. The transportation of tropical fishes was so uncertain that one of the customary shipments from Florida was omitted altogether. A reduction in the number of employes, and later, illness from influenza, served further to retard the usual work of col- lecting. An interruption of the field work of a public aquarium necessarily results in decreased exhibits. Tropical Fishes.——The additions to this exhibit were fewer than usual owing chiefly to difficulties in transportation by steam- er and to increased expense. In bringing these fishes from Flor- 90 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY ida the Aquarium accepted the proffered co-operation of the Aquariums in Boston and Detroit. While the shipments were large, the share of specimens for the New York Aquarium was of course smaller, the only advantage being a materially lessened cost. Sea Horses.—The Aquarium lost its collection of sea horses during the winter and was for several reasons unable to procure more specimens of this perpetually interesting fish. Owing to the unusual accumulation of ice on all local sea-beaches it was im- possible to obtain for the sea horses the Amphipod crustacea on which they feed. They require live food and perish without it. Capture of Ocean Sunfish.—Early in June the Aquarium re- ceived and lost on the same day a specimen of the rare Ocean Sunfish, which might have lived indefinitely could it have been transported without injury. Having no collecting boat with a water compartment, this specimen, which weighed 165 pounds, had to be crowded into a tank too small for it, and brought by motor truck from Sheepshead Bay. It could not survive the journey, although in perfect condition when caught. Fish Hatchery.—This exhibit, established many years ago to show methods in fish culture, is always of interest to visitors. The eggs of fishes hatched during the year were: yellow perch, 150,000, collected in local waters by Aquarium employes; pike perch, 500,000, and whitefish, 500,000, donated by U. S. Bureau of Fisheries; smelt, 3,000,000, and yellow perch, 2,000,000, do- nated by N. Y. Conservation Commission. The young fry were deposited in public waters in New York and New Jersey. Many of the yellow perch were deposited in Prospect Park Lake, 3rooklyn. Specimens exchanged.—Exchanges of miscellaneous fishes were made with the Detroit Aquarium, and of food fishes with the New Jersey Fish and Game Commission. The Aquarium loaned 75 native food fishes to the New Jersey Commission for exhibition at the State Fair at Trenton in September, receiving at the close of the Fair 127 fishes, collected by the State Commis- sion. Most of the large trout now on exhibition were received from the New York and New Jersey Commissions. Aid to Schools and Teachers.—The Aquarium has continued as in past years to supply small forms of marine life to teachers for maintaining small aquaria in public schools. Nearly 700 ~} = 4 o, ei ae <4 16 26nd aDJ SUUIN[OD PesBdud-Jeqse[d pue AJUI[I90 : quasaad ay} Aq payeeouod Mou ae SLoquIly 98e4 J, “SuIpling winizenby ey} JO YIOMOEUILIF UBPPOOM JOIIOJUL BY} JO ToJOBIBYO 944 Buimoys ydeisoj0y4g WOINVOAOV MUOA MAN AHL AO YOINALNI AHL AO MAIA ATO NV = TED Mtn Ia Als Nf P| ~~ PE es st ae ‘ TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 91 specimens from the reserve tanks of the Aquarium were distrib- uted during the year to twenty schools which requested them. Several thousand children in classes accompanied by their teach- ers visited the Aquarium during the year. Live Fishes at the Food Show.—At the request of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries the Aquarium exhibited live fishes at the Food Show held in the Grand Central Palace, June 14-22. Four large aquaria were sent, containing white perch, yellow perch, bowfin and carp, the Bureau being engaged in exploiting these abundant but rather neglected food fishes. Loss of Manatee.-—The Amazon Manatee (Manatus inun- guis), which had lived in the Aquarium over two years, was lost in July. When dissected at the Museum it presented the extra- ordinary abnormality of having two distinct stomachs. Game Fish Trophies.—The Racquet and Tennis Club of New York has presented to the Aquarium six mounted specimens of large game fishes, comprising two tarpons, two tunas, a sail-fish and a California yellow-tail. Annual Reception.—The annual reception at the Aquarium on the evening of May 6, to members of the Zoological Society, was attended by 315 persons. A recent addition to the collection of tropical fishes added to the interest of the occasion. Music and refreshments were provided, as at former receptions. Reception to the American Fisheries Society.—On the eve- ning of September 10, the American Fisheries Society, then hold- ing its forty-seventh annual meeting in New York, was invited to a smoker at the Aquarium, as guests of the Zoological Society. One hundred and nine persons were present, and refreshments were provided. Motion pictures illustrative of fish culture and methods of the commercial fisheries were shown. This important organization has a nation-wide membership of 760. The New York meeting was devoted largely to the vital subject of the ever- increasing pollution of the waters. Navy Recruiting Station.—During the spring and summer an enclosed space on the main floor of the Aquarium was placed at the service of the Navy Deparment for recruiting purposes. The naval officer in charge examined 539 applicants for enlist- ment. Permission was granted the department to display within 92 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY the building numerous framed posters advertising the need of men for the Naval Service. Fourth Liberty Loan.—The general committee in charge of the work of soliciting subscriptions came to the Aquarium on two occasions, accompanied by a Naval band. Employes.—Two members of the Aquarium staff who volun- teered for military service in 1917, are still in the Army, and a third was granted a year’s leave of absence without pay, in order to take a position at the shipyards. The number of employes is now reduced to twenty-three, as compared with twenty-eight at the commencement of the war in 1914. Two employes of the Aquarium, who had been many years in the service, were pensioned, having become incapacitated. Illustrated Guide to the Aquarium.—The manuscript and illustrations for a guide to the Aquarium have been placed in the hands of the printer. The preparation of a guide was com- menced several years ago. It was taken up later and set aside for several reasons. There were difficulties to be surmounted before suitable photographs could be made. These were finally overcome after prolonged experimentation. The building being too dark for the use of the instantaneous shutter, methods of arti- ficial lighting had to be worked out. The photographing of objects moving in water and behind glass presented other difficulties, so that the accumulation of a large series of really good pictures took considerable time and involved the rejection of a large number of photographs which were too dim or out of focus. Meanwhile it was hoped that improvements in the equip- ment of the building, which were very slowly being made, would result in increasing the variety of species exhibited, so that a really comprehensive account would be possible. The improvements are still far from complete, but with a new water system and larger tanks the collections have been made as representative as is possible in the one hundred tanks avail- able. It is still quite impossible to keep most of the invertebrates of local waters, and will remain so until a cold sea-water system is provided. Under present limitations the exhibits of the Aqua- rium must consist chiefly of fishes. TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 93 The guide will be a pocket-size book of about 175 pages, with a good half-tone cut at the top of each page. It will contain brief accounts of 350 of the fishes and other aquatic forms most fre- quently to be seen there. Had it been issued when first proposed, it could not have been anything like as comprehensive in character. A Book of Views.—This pamphlet, entitled Inmates of the Aquarium, has been on sale since August, 1916. It is appre- ciated by the public and more than half of the edition of 5,000 copies has been sold. Attendance.—A few months after the beginning of the war in Europe the record of attendance showed that the number of visitors to the Aquarium was falling off. This decrease contin- ued to the end of the present year, except for a slight increase in 1917. The attendance for 1918 was 1,450,609, a decrease of 144,509 from that of the preceding year, and the lowest in the history of the Aquarium. The lessened number of visitors, how- ever, is indicated by the attendance record only, there being no noticeable decrease in the size of the throng in the building from day to day. The daily average for the year was 3,964. ATTENDANCE AT THE AQUARIUM BY MONTHS, 1918. January WESLLOPS: = 2. 62,647 Daily average........... 2021 February 2 3: 5 oe 1.013 December. 2 8 48° 1.013 MAINTENANCE OF THE AQUARIUM FROM 1903 TO 1918 INCLUSIVE. Year Year 1903 $46,500.00 1911... 940,000;0m 1904 46,500.00 1912... > AS ORS 1905 45,000.00 1913%.....-.. ARS4oae 1906 45,000.00 1914... AT, 00000 1907 45,000.00 1915 ame 414,00000 1908 45,000.00 EG. - 47,000.00 1909 46,000.00 1917. . 47,000.00 1910 46,000.00 1918... . 48,632.50 The total maintenance for 16 years amounted to $745,477.50. The maintenance appropriation for the year 1919 has been reduced to $45,000. Complete List of Aquarium Exhibits.—A list of all the forms of aquatic life exhibited at the Aquarium since its inception, has been prepared by Miss Mellen and follows this report. The total number of species listed is 567. Respectfully submitted, CHARLES HASKINS TOWNSEND, Director. Fac THE SHIPWORM (Teredo navalis) is enormously destructive to the timbers of wharves and the hulls of vessels. Pieces of wood completely filled with shipworms are often to be seen in the tanks of the Aquarium THE SEA BASS (Centrovristes striatus) is an important local food fish. Large speci- mens weigh four or five pounds. Specimens have lived in the Aquarium two years (Hitherto unpublished photographs made in the Aquarium) ¢ page &5 COMPLETE LIST OF EXHIBITS AT THE NEW YORK AQUARIUM Vertebrates and Invertebrates Shown since the Opening of the Building, December 10, 1896. By IDA M. MELLEN. The Ninth Annual Report contained a partial list of the vertebrates exhibited at the Aquarium during the year 1904; and in the Seventeenth Annual Report a longer list was pub- lished, showing the vertebrates exhibited from 1896 to 1912. The list here presented, revised from records kept by Mr. W. I. DeNyse, shows the species of animals, both vertebrate and invertebrate, exhibited at the Aquarium during the twenty-two years of its existence. It comprises more than a hundred species of invertebrates, and 447 species of vertebrates of which 361 are fishes. Written records have not been kept of the length of life of invertebrates in captivity, but under present conditions most are comparatively short-lived. White anemones have survived two years in balanced aquaria, as have also clam worms. Lobsters and horse shoe crabs have lived three years in captivity. Mol- lusks survive longest of all invertebrates, mud snails, sea mus- sels and oysters having lived five years or more. The installation of a cold sea water system would undoubtedly add not only to the length of invertebrate life in the tanks, but to the longevity of many of the northern marine fishes. The dates of receipt and loss of vertebrate specimens are carefully recorded, and it is interesting to note the hardihood of some species of native fishes, of both fresh and salt water, as the garpikes, that have survived twenty years in captivity, the bow- fin eighteen years, the striped bass nineteen years. Our large sea lion, despite lack of sunshine in which all the seal family love to bask, and though subject to the ills that mammalian flesh is generally heir to, has been with us for eleven years. A nine and a half foot Florida alligator that recently died, had passed thirteen years in one of the floor pools, and expired at last from 96 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY injuries received in battle with one of its companions. This specimen was adult when received, not having increased in length while in the Aquarium. The longevity of turtles is well known, and though the leatherback does not long survive captivity, one of our Pacific Green turtles thrived for fifteen years, and a log- gerhead, after fourteen years’ captivity, was returned to the ocean. THE FRESH-WATER DRUM (Aplodinotus grunniens) is found from the Great Lakes to Texas. It is used for food and large specimens may weigh as much as forty pounds. Specimens have lived in the Aquarium two years THE SPANISH HOGFISH (Harpe rufa), which comes from Florida and the West Indies, has a very showy coloration. being violet red above and yellowish orange below. Specimens have lived in the Aquarium two years (Hitherto unpublished photographa made in the Aquarium) Face page 97 INVERTEBRATES (Salt water except when otherwise specified) SPONGES CRESS Ya D a os aa ee a rele Sh nek iad Chalina oculata OS 5 Sy), uta il Ses A a ee tore Ce eet Tar Microciona prolifera LEE) Si]D Tin 2s Ra a Seek ea a ea aaa OR ie EE ce Cliona sulphurea OES TUTTI OR Sa os ee ie eee le a ee Suberites compacta COELENTERATES Sea, Plame 2: Linke Bite Nd NPN Aose PS SCrae oe ee ta te Obelia commissuralis BLN ICPETTS | oh eal Tet ater ee etc ea Pe ie ee ha Ua Hydractinia polyclina | 5 TAIT | Ge ace Nan ok Mie ga ee eee ed SO Ae Tubularia indivisa Brown anemone .....................- pee eel By ea Ree Berk a. Metridium marginatum VO THETTGUEL SAE TESS a0 7 gene eR Tea ae Me Se eee Tealia crassicornis REE ATICUNIONTE E52 a Oe ee Sn a Sagartia leucolena STOEL CULE Tare ER AIR a ieee Wale ads ee ele ei Halocampa producta SAEADHE EE POR GTEC VA OWC er PF tS ah ete Condylactis gigantea Ipemiuda anemone 2.2.2.6 ee Actinia mesembryanthemum LUST Tr Peet DUE (2) 100 ee Re a ee Actinia anguicorma roy Nici (TES LA SUP BVT STT CN eet Ae RR RS a Sagartia luciae Common northern coral ...... ANIL 2 ie Ne beets oe Men Astrangia danae LENG Cie (Tan Le ee Aad a ae ae Ber Sai Oa Meandra labyrinthiformis MOG eReGH Te eo ete ks PERE ate? alte iets Se rnctenn epee Mussa dipsacea RECURS en es ee See A ee ten Ree See Ve pn Astrea argus eple Gas Wan A co, seni eire ee eT ae OE Gorgonia flabellum Uh Sit). rs Po Rer Sak otek ae tee ee PN es A POLE» SL GORMUNE S/S Clie me ee aes Moar of 6 tara Renee a i pee Re PO tt tet Cyanea arctica Portuguese Man-of-War _..... ih ia baa Seek eee ae Physalia arethusa : BRYOZOA MU PITS ere eee er a ee 8 we Membranipora pilosa eR EOS enn) Sh a ae ONG eS tr oe Escharella variabilis Vil 'Srag | 0, ot ae Ml all aA Ogee le an OD Ol et COR Discosoma nidita Riossnatiminie: (Eres waber \ ie Pectinatella magnifica Bintitle: Starve see eee a ee Pane eae Ophiopholis aculeata oloeces ier iislie.s-25 SiS etn oe er oe Cribrella sanguinolenta 98 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY PeASKGU STATES Dns oe ee eee [strophyton agassizu Sand Dollar ............... ns NN cd dae See eee Echinarachnius parma ited a tc pag bebe Seay me ate Dia eee 2 Ws See oe, te ee ee Asterias forbesu Red Starfish. 20.235 eae eee Pentaceros reticularis Sea Urchin De oe ny LER A AO ean ELE Doe ano pea Wey Arbacia punctulata Muda Starush) === Seaside innh ou. Ctenodiscus crispatus Sea Cucumber .............. UES nae a ae sectertntssneeeoneeee dl RYONE. DTAAEUS Mason worm ............... Le heels Renee omen? Cistenides gouldii Sea Mouse .... Aphrodite aculeata Clam worm .... SADE EN ee ies Pe nn te TT a uw dVerets virens Sabella microphthalma Serpula dianthus MOLLUSKS Ceat-ol-nl ail Snell) 232033 ee = o.Chiton apiculatus BCU c at Ofer ac) | Unease tere Meteor aati Pl Se ee er Ro ee en. S Fasciolaria tulipa Giant Goneh. -22—..-.:.- Pisin te SA Fasciolaria gigantea Sand-collar snail ....... ee ee et ee ee ae _Lunatica heros Sand-collar snail . ae eee oe sesstnssesttineeineneeeed everita duplicata Jingle shell . etsy Ap ie Ae ae Oe nome eA ednomia glabra Boat Shell chase: ne Crepidula fornicata Cod clam . Fe) tA ee ee Re utssneesee..Cardita borealis Sand-bar clam | . ios acu ee : ....Siliqua costata Surf clam . Bi arate a CR Bae Mactra solidissima Bloody clam Sa Masel recente fans. fs gh te cieeee {rgina pewata Razor clam Ae Sistas rd a nee ter oe) Solenensis americana Swimming clam Be pleerchnate eset Sle A Nad Solenomya velum js Oa) Pehl 1 er | Se Raa EP RECO SIO AOL 5 Sas IER ae Buccinum undatum Sedge mussel bee an Pe Modiola plicatula Horse Mussel Modiola modiolus Edible mussel } ee i ord Mytilus edulis Oyster . Sone oe -Ostrea virginiana Scallop Pecten irradians Ship worm Teredo navalis Hard-shell clam Venus mercenaria Soft-shell clam = Mya arenaria Mud snail . Nassa_ obsoleta Channelled whelk Sycotypus canaliculatus Knobbed whelk Fulgar carica Squid Loligo pealii Octopus : Octopus americanus Periwinkle Littorina littorea Ovster Drill Urosalpina cinerea Rock snail Purpura lapillus TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 99 Pembiae sual | ivesh Water). .we yn oe ks Viviparus viviparus Japanese snail (fresh water) ..................... ARpe eae Viviparus malleatus (SESE ET CCUM 00 Tico) i ae ene a ee? eres a ee Anodonta implicata CRUSTACEANS Whale barnacle .......................... A 8 eee ies. Ft TOR AS at Coronula diadema Pranimon Tock. DATNAGIE 5.5255... csao. pot ie oe et Balanus balanoides LnGin heyy a Cel Cesarean Ripe Seance Bere aero eels cw sr et Balanus eburneus rmse: Darmacle tet Bete See gue tee t) Wed oct eiiae ellen Lepas anatifera IS CLSUET ACT Tat BE) 21 2 Jai eo tee sae IR oe Palaemonetes vulgaris J UTLIET a Sh ER LCE) S| Frey eile pee OMe Bena PSone Homarus americanus WRTRPITRD CIS GCE) a eee oe tat Soa Ok ae, Scyllarides aequinoctialis Eye UNS oI] CFS SR a ec a op eo reson et Panulirus argus eRe -Cliiele LO SURI rt cee et en a Panulirus guttatus HEA TUES PES UNITS. Ci eE 6 SR omc teE eC caDee aeee Limulus polyphemus fang (Crabysc5.2.. REVERE IE athicster tie SN eo oes ara Gecarcinus lateralis WORT ELE RHIC CPA niko = fleet Soh eee Sa ee Cenobites diogenes [BUS sii) Ate e | (ae a eae eee EE Se Toes oe oe Eupagurus pollicaris |S iGoATP UI ea Src) Chega ee nO, Sieh irs ib petite ay Re gee arene Ota nies ent Eupagurus longicarpus RGdm Renin eral neck a ee ee. Petrochirus bahamensis LESS EIST e ore tee ae Oe NS ee See Gelasimus pugilator |S TCR GT ne DET 7 1 Dee a an ir ie acne gan DDE eat ee A en See, RE Uca minaxr RS ETE i Re lea Oo te hea aC OMe a OE Cancer irroratus ene werape tt Ns Rte eS RO crema Here Callinectes hastatus Sta Memns pee eae ee dN, Menippe mercenaria COVE SSN GIT SG ee vee ee eee ee Ocypoda arenaria So ETS 2 5 eee esac ae rn epee ne Me eens SOR Libinia emarginata Sop otha Shs 72a gh 4s ae ape aes Ce ae Ane pnNONOR cee TOE eerie Se eens Ser ees Libinia dubia AV Teun cl ie Teel Lee Re a oe ee ee Ee Panopaeus depressus PGE GEIMETA DN kee esa eee a rege nes _..Carcinus granulatus PEL a CTE MP cca En, eR st verge ecco ese va ener see eA Platyonychus occellatus Koup-ATMeumsplder Crab i608 ns gop ee eee Lambrus pourtalesii SD SD Rs) Se aaa eNO i are et Ee Oe Pinnotheres ostreum LE sSre TUCO Rees 1c Vs Res 02 0 gents ad ak See ie eRe On OS Me me See meer 2 Calappa flamma Co TERA E10 i (fs) ata en ele ea ene Ten oe Say on cent _....Portunus sayi Teas bya Oh ge egestas em a aes Carpilius corallinus DISTR GID RS STAR te ae eee OR ee ee tee ae a Nn hee SNe ME Ce Cancer borealis Wartle crab 222.5. of ata He aa eC oe ea Nautilograpsus minutus SNe MIR MRS UCAIAA EY 8 2 2 23 Otte tds nn I ee Crangon vulgaris PPR Pare NSE Se LET BER [9 oe Bey i Se ch O ap Mmee Ar Squilla empusa SDT GL STR A ge EU SE ect tc rae hie ered Seas entae aN areSi Hippa talpoida EG PTE LSS, Ge Se Ig a Se vee 0 ae eee cae Orchestia agilis pe iks fh FPS a Sitter Re Be ae Ree Talorchestia longicornis Wood Borer or Gribble —............. Bn a ae RUS FMR ae ee Limnorea lignorum SIDR HEED SeIDN oe see ee core te Te Gammarus locusta LE Ces! ea her ak Osho] 1 lec aaa oe a Cambarus affinis 100 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY INSECTS Mosquito larvae (various species) 0.000000... i an Culex Nore—Various pond animals such as clams, snails, sponges, beetles, bugs, insect larvae, crustaceans, polypes, etc., have been kept in the laboratory from time to time (chiefly for the use of school teachers with their classes), as also small salt water forms,—snails, nudibranch mollusks, chiton, brittle stars, ete., too numerous for minuter detail. TUNICATES (Intermediate between Vertebrates and Invertebrates) Ciona intestinalis Mrimareate =e sty ates steer Ee aeons free Sef Common sea-squirt .... etteiabtcervetnnittteadieimsterereteetasssessneoomnnald Olgula man hig@even=as Sea-pork .............. ae cotetedd maroecium constellatum Star-Spangled Jelly svesteitinessvonsblbeonndesantdereentintsacnsszenstod OUP YLAALS ag VERTEBRATES FISHES (Pisces) Fresh Water—Local GANOIDS. (Fishes with Plates) BROOK LAMPRE YS—Lampetra. Brook Lamprey, Lampetra wilderi ............. ae weet aware Pe PADDLEFISH—PotyoponrTipae. Paddle-fish, Polyodon spathula (Received in poor con- GILT TRY LT gine terete ested oeets nee er Ae a ener ak ee PE ce STURGEON—AcIPENSERIDAE. Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser rubicumd us icoiccccccccececeeee GARS—LEPIsosTEIDAE. Common or Long-nosed Garpike, Lepisosteus osseus......... Short-nosed Garpike, L. platostomus ............ (still living) Alligator Gar, L. tristoechus (Received in poor con- PEL MOMD pee te eel A oan Seat iE a. tees BOW FIN—Anmnpae. Bowfin or Mudfish, A miatus calva ~..... (still living) TELEOSTS. (Bony Fishes) CATFISHES—Situripae. Channel or Spotted Cat, Ictalurus punctatus 0.000000... Mississippi Cat, Ameturus lacustris 22... VAM aNe Ube CAL CEILS ante” Mace een he ee Wen ee Horned Pout or Bullhead, 4. nebulosus 20000. Albino Cat, sp. not determined, probably 4. nebulosus ewer Aber iain, ee ee ns Ao Sn Mud Cat or Flathead, Leptops olivaris ...222.::::c:csseecccee SUCKERS—Carostromipag. Red-mouth Buffalo, Ictiobus cyprinella 0.0.0... Brook or Common Sucker, Catostomus commersonii........ LIVED IN AQUARIUM 6 months 1 week 4 years 20 years 20 years 2 weeks 18 years Or years years years years years years years woop WS w& ox year 2 years ) — 102 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Chub Sucker, Erimyzon sucetta (still living) 6 months Red-horse Sucker, Moxostoma aureolum.....(still living) 2 years Eastern Carp Sucker, Carpiodes cyprinus 00 1 year Ciuilibaek Gy welajeri nooo ee ee Re 3 years CARPS AND MINNOWS—Cyprinipae. Garp, Cyprmus carpid 25020 2208 dt oe (still living) 6 years Mirror Carp, C. CUTSIO ANGE Sa Pe een ee ee 4 years Leather Garp, .C. carpio vars he bens cee ee 4 years Goldfish, Carassius auratus (in numerous varieties)... 10 years Comnion ‘Sench, 7 inca: tinem 5 200 ee ee ie ee 3 years Golden Tenth. -?.. tinea, Wars. 0 = ee 3 years Golden de, fdus- dust © 2 = Me Se A ae ee eee 3 years Stone-roller, Campostoma anomalum oicccccccoe coe er 1 year Chub or Fall-fish, Semotilus atromaculatus 0... 6 months Common Roach or Golden Shiner, Abramis erysolelen as (still living) 7 years tudd or Pearl Roach, Scardinius erythropthalmus (still living) 10 years Redfin; Notropis-wmbratilis 52 ook 2 years Silyer Dace or Shiner, .N. cornutus 22022232 2 years Black-nosed Dace, Rhinichthys atronasus 0000000000000» 5 years Rosy-sided Minnow, Leuciscus vandoisulus ............._ 8 months EK ELS—ANGuILLIDAE. *Common Eel, Anguilla chrysypa ........... vieesdespcenp mete aoe fe Det efe Nl el Vw Pier 4 76 17 1) Se ens ee eaieisont ite eee 6 months SALMON, TROUTS, WHITEFISH AND GR: AY L INGS —SAaLMonmae. Whitefish, Coregonus clupeiformis (Raised from eggs, still living) 6 years Round Whitefish, as quadrilateralis 5 years Sault Whitefish, C. labradoricus .... Lense *Quinnat Seis Oncorhynchus tschaw yischa. Sees 4 years *Silver Salmon, O. kisutch .. 2 years *Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar ee 2 years OQuananiche, S. salar, var. ouananiche 2 years Landlocked Salmon, S. salar, var. sebago a 3 years Black-spotted or Cut-throat Trout, S. clarki . 2 years Steelhead Trout, S. gairdneri k years Rainbow ‘Trout, S. irideus 5 years Brown Trout, S. fario ; 5 years Swiss Lake Trout, S. lemanus 2 years Lake Trout, Cristivomer namaycush 3 years Albino Lake Trout, C. namaycush 3 years Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis 5 years Golden Trout, S. aureolus 3 years Found also in salt water. TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT Hybrid Trout, S. fontinalis--S. fario -.....-:-ccccccccccc---- fee: Hybrid Trout, S. fontinalist-S. aureolis cn cecceeccceceeeee Montana Grayling, Thymallus ontariensis, var. montanus MUD MINNOWS—Umprmpae. Eastern Mud Minnow or Rockfish, Umbra pygmaea........ PIKES AND PICKERELS—Lucupae. Banded Pickerel, Lucius americanus. ....::::::::ccccccccevcevsvvveevesenee-m Eastern or Chain Pickerel, L. reticulatus 200.0000000000000c0ccc.000000- Common Pike or Pickerel, Lucius lucius ..... Muskallunge, L. masquinongy KILLIFISHES—Poecitumpae. Fresh-water Killifish, Fundulus diaphanus 0.0.0.0... =Lop Minnow, Gambusia ay ius 2.215 et oe BLIND FISHES—Ampstyopsipae. Mammoth Cave Blindfish, Amblyopsis spelaeus ................. Small Blindfish, T'yphlicthys subterraneus 000.0000... Agassiz’s Blindfish, Chologaster agassizii ........... eter ie Eh STICKLEBACKS—GastTeERosTEIDAE. Brook Stickleback, Mucalia inconstams .0.00.000000.0.00 PIRATE PERCHES—ApurepoperiIDAE. Pirate Perch, Aphredoderus sayanus ................... SUNFISHES AND BASSES—Cenrrarcuipae. Calico Bass or Black Crappie, Pomowis sparoides ........... COT EN D5 (Spd Boe 1 UTA ee Ce RSENS URN UE nuchal Rock Bass or Red Eye, Ambloplites rupestris (still living) Warmonth, Chenobrytius: qulosus oo 2S ee Small-mouthed Black Bass, Micropterus dolomieu (still living) Large-mouthed Black Bass, M. salmoides (still living) Common Sunfish or Pumpkin Seed, Eupomotis gibbosus Green Sunfish, Apomotis: cyanellus 20 oes. hn. Red-breasted Sunfish, Lepomis auritas 2.:..0...:::::cccce Loug-eared Suntish, 1. megalotis) 25.2 ee Blue-gill Sunfish, L. pallidus ............ Den Nas Re ee ee toa Black-banded Sunfish, Mesogonistius chaetodon ........... Mud Sunfish, Acantharcus pomotis ...... ee A ee PERCHES—Percipae. Pike-Perch or Wall-Eyed Pike, Stizostedion vitreum...... Sand Pike Or Sauger, 9. CONGA CHSC: cient et sees Yellow Perch, Perca flavescens 0.2... (still living) Johnny Darter, Boleosoma nigrum ........... gs ae ee Tessellated Darter, B. nigrum olmstedi......... (still living) *Found also in salt water. 3 6 1% 103 years months years year years years years years years year years year years years years years years 7 years aw CO WwW & bo years years years vears years years years years months years years years years years 104 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY BASSES—SeErRANIDAE. White Bass, Roccus chrysops DRUMFISHES OR CROAKERS—Sctaen pare. Fresh-water Drumfish or Sheepshead, } months KILLIFISHES—Poecirimaer. Bass Killifish or Mayfish, Fundulus majalis —........ 6 months Common Killifish, F. heteroclitas 2.0. ccccccceccceeseceesseesseses 4 years Variegated Minnow or Sheepshead Lebia, Cyprinodon ECER E10 00 |S ea ee RR Sy 8 NO ONS ph Re 2 years Rainwater-fish, Lucania parva -0...cccc00-0-- Bir DLO al 2 months NEEDLEFISHES—Beton mar. Billfish or Silver Gar, T'ylosurus marinus —. ee nL week: BALAOS—HemirHaMPHuipak. Common Halfbeak, Hyporhamphus robert ........................ 1 week STICKLEBACKS—GasrerosTEIDAE. Nine-Spined Stickleback, Pygosteus pungitius 00000... 2 years Four-Spined Stickleback, Apeltes quadracus 0.00000... 4 years Two-Spined Stickleback, Gasterosteus bispinosus PIPEFISHES—SynenarTuipDae. Common Pipefish, Siphostoma fuscum 00 enter 2 years o> months SEA HORSES—Hippocampipaeg. Sea-Horse, Hippocampus hudsonius 00000000000 214 years SILVERSIDES—ArTHERINIDAE. Silverside or Spearing, Menidia notata __ sere ee 2 years MULLETS—Mveizwar. Common. Mulllet;Muailceg hal ae... ooh ec 1 year BARRACUDAS—SpnyraeEniDak. Northern Barracuda, Sphyraena borealis... ioe 4 months SAND LANCES—AmmopytTimae. Sand Lance or Sand Eel, Admmodytes americanus 0. 1 week GOAT FISHES—Mvetuiae. Goatfish or Red Mullet, Mullus auratus MACKERELS—Scompripar. Common Mackerel, Scomber scombrus Chub Mackerel, S. colias Bonito, Sarda sarda Pe aen oe : 3 weeks HE oo coherent Cone Ras 4 months SRE roe ie PAR ce ene thc Dt aaa een ea Re Ae 3 months eR anes GSR sag DACRE y ROR. nal eee eRe CN 3 months PAM PANOS—Caranaipae. Rudder-fish or Pilot-fish, Seriola zonata 0000000000. . 5 months Crevalle Gr Jack@. } months months month years years 2 years months lk years years > years years weeks } months years 2 years months } months years J years years TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT PORCUPINE FISHES—Drioponmtipaer. Spiny Boxfish or Burrfish, Chylomycterus schoepfi HEAD FISHES—Motipae. Ocean Sunfish, Mola mola (Received in poor condition) SCULPINS—Corripae. Grubby or Mitchill’s Seulpin, Myowocephalus aeneus_ EKighteen-spined Sculpin, M. octodecimspinosus ......... Sea Raven, Hemitripterus americanus -......2:::cccccccce LUMP SUCKERS—Cyctorpreripae. Mpa shi Cela peers” wie pus on eet ce ete ee GURNARDS—Trieuipar. Common Sea Robin, Prionotus carolinus ...... ES iaas wee Striped Sea Robin or Gurnard, P. strigatus ............0022..... Southern Striped Sea Robin, P. evolams --..2.2::::..:::::0-- ecco: GOBIES—Gosnpaer. Naked Goby or Oysterfish, Gobiosoma bosci ......... ee REMORAS—E.cHENEIDIDAE. Shark Sucker or Remora, Echeneis naucrates —................. STAR GAZERS—Uranoscopipae. Stareazer, Astroscopus guitatug 2: 2s TOADFISHES—BarracuorIDarE. Coramon: T oadhsh, O psanus ta 02 es ee BLENNIES—Biennmae. Rock Hel Phatis'quniwellius 3. 02... 4 2a ee a ee EEL POUTS—Zoarcipar. Hel Bout, Zoarces augusllaris: to. 22 2 ete CUSK EELS—Opnipimae. Slippery Dick, Rissola marqimat, 0:.cci.-:cteccorccecicc nnn HAKES—Mertuuvccnupaer. Whiting or Silver Hake, Merluccius bilinearis 0... CODFISHES—Gapipae. Pollack, Pollach ius Viren ...-..:::-ccccvicccosesseccccseseceseves: OT Sek ee Tomeod or Frostfish, Microgadus tomeod ......0.0..0002.00-.-- Comammon Cod, Gradius calbecr tees ou: aizcncpnng resem tetecnceeitbctgpops-tessnanectenteees Haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus ...... Spotted Codling, Urophycis regius .... es White Eake, Phijets: tenuis 2.229 tk i Squirrel Hake, Po chuss 3538 oe Ba ape ee cule bo Or WM 109 years hour months months months months year months months year years months years weeks months years months months months months months months months months 110 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY FLOUNDERS—PLevronectTiDae. Summer Flounder or Fluke, Paralichthys dentatus Four-Spotted. Flounder, P. oblongus 2. 32s Winter Flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus ........... Windowpane or Star Flounder, Lophopsetta maculata SOLES—Soveipae. American Sole or Hog-Choker, Achirus fasciatus ANGLERS—Lopuupae. Common Angler or Goosefish, Lophius piscatorius ............ Sargasso-fish or Mouse-fish, Pterophryne histrio SURGEONFISHES—Tevrumpipae. Blue Tang, Teuthis caeruleus 2.0.0.0... Surgeonfish, 7. hepatws 0.2.20... Yellow Surgeonfish, 7. helioides TRIGGER-FISHES—Batuistipae. Ocean Turbot, Canthidermis maculatus (still living) Common Triggerfish, Balistes carolinensis Queen Triggerfish, B. vetula ..................... FILE FISHES—Monacanruipar. Massachusetts Filefish, Monacanthus hispidus . Leatherfish, M. ciliatus ... se Orange Filefish, Alutera schoepfi .. Unicorn Fish, A. scripta TRUNK FISHES—Osrracupae. Trunkfish, Lactophrys triqueter Cowfish, L. tricornis . = Buffalo Trunkfish, L. trigonus PUPFERS—Terraroponiripar. Smooth Puffer or Rabbitfish, Lagocephalus laevigatus Southern Puffer, Spheroides spengleri Sharp-nosed Puffer, Canthigaster rostratus PORCUPINE FISHES—Dropvonoripar. Porcupine Fish, Diodon hystria ROCK-FISHES—Scorpaenipar. Lion Fish, Scorpaena grandicornis Scorpion Fish, S. plumieri PLYING GURNARDS—CerpHaLacantTuipDar., lying Sea Robin, Cephalacanthus volitans BLANQUILLOS— Maracantriipar. Sand Fish, Malacanthus plumieri 6 months 6 months I year 6 months 1 year 6 months 2 weeks vear years weeks bo one oe) years 5 vears 3 years 2 years 1 year 3 years 6 months 2 years 2 years 1 year 10 months 1 year 1 year lt months 2 years 2 years 1'4 years 1'4 years TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT BLENNIES—B LennNuDAE. Molly Miller, Blennius cristatis: ccc. pce ces Molly Miller, Salariichthys teatilis SEA-BATS—Occocepnatus. Bat-Fish, Ogcocephalus cesper tabi -.occcocccc scsi Short-nosed Bat-Fish, O. raditaus 22.2... cceccccccseeeeeeee ah aie AMPHIBIANS (Toads, Frogs, Salamanders ) SPADEFOOT TOADS—PLeosatmmse. Hermit Spadefoot, Scaphiopus holbrooki TOADS—Bvron ae. American Toad, Bufo americanus (Raised from eggs) Fowler's Toad, B. fowleri —PIPIDAE. Surinam Toad, Pipa americana FROGS—Ranipae. Bll ror witand CALeSULQiHC Oe a re ee Salt-marsh Frog, R. virescens Pickerel Frog, R. palustris Leopard Frog, R. pipiens Green Frog, R. clamata Wood Frog, R. sylvatica TREE FROGS—Hyumae. ieee, broes, speeies: not Getermitied. ..252.. Bae prince Pecperi- 1 0G Picleenan Ginn once ec a eres Florida Tree Frog, H. gratiosa SALAMANDERS —PROTEIDAE. Mad Buppies; Necturus maculatus... 22 fos. acc Blind Salamander, T'yphlomolge rathbuni Blind Proteus, Proteus anquinas —CRYPTOBRANCHIDAE. Water Dog or Hellbender, Cryptobranchus allegheni- FR fig ae te i RR ase Rn HORE |e tee SE 2) ESOS Rie nee On Giant Salamander of Japan, C. mavrimus......( still living) —AMBLYSTOMIDAE. Shasta Salamander from California, Chondrotus tene- LOPE EY Tate, Se ge ae nee eee eT Red i PE CAS OR Pe a Blotched or Marbled Salamander, Amblystoma opacum Acrolotlnwed nine aeC ANIbiig en ee e e S Spotted Salamander, A. pwc eye: i ct eeepc Riser Salamander, :4) tigrimuns o. 2.2. GAS. arte ite teccees . European Newt, Triton vulgaris SALAMANDRIDAE. 6 Y Bel months months months year months months years months months years years year months year years year 2 years years years 6 years years years years years months 112 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY ——PLETHODONTIDAE. Red Salamander, Spelerpes ruber 2s 8 1 year Slimy Salamander, Plethodon glutinosus 0.000000... 1 year Gray Salamanders) cinereus 1% years ——PLEURODELIDAE. Common Newt, Diemyctylus viridescens 0.0.00... 3 years Asiatic Red-bellied Newt, Molge pyrrhogastra .................. 114 years Red-bellied Salamander, Diemyctylus torosus 0.00000... 1% years —-AMPHIUMIDAE. Congo Fel, Amphiuma means’ 5555 tee esteem oe 5 years ——SIRENIDAE. Sireti= -OIV ew . UACEF TUNG. cet he oe as es Se ee 2 years REPTILES (Crocodiles, Alligators, Turtles, Snakes) CROCODILES AND ALLIGATORS (Crocodilia). Florida Crocodile, Crocodilus americanus. .................. ee 9 years Indian, Crocodile, Crocodilus 99) on 8 Rin eee 2 years Florida Alligator, Alligator mississippiensis 0 13 years TURTLES (Chelonia). Fresh Water and Terrestrial SNAPPING TURTLES CHELYDRIDAE. Snapping Turtle, Chelydra serpentina (still living) 7 years Alligator Snapping Turtle, Macrochelys lacertina (still living) 5 years MUSK AND MUD TURTLES—CinosterniDae. Musk Turtle, Aromochelys OdOratus ....:0...--ccvcc-cecveeeeeo 3 years Mud Turtle, Cinosternum pennsylvanicum . 8 years SIDE-NECK OR SNAKE-NECKED TURTLES—CuHE ;ypipae. Matamata, Chelys fimbriata “eee 114 years Amazon Side-Necked Turtle, Hydraspis maximilianii 3 months TURTLES, TERRAPINS AND TORTOISES—TeEstupinIpAe. Painted or Pond Turtle, Chrysemys picta . 2 years Western Painted Turtle, C. marginata 2 years Yellow-bellied Terrapin, C. seabra 2 years Red-bellied Terrapin, C. rubriventris 2 years Cumberland Turtle, C. elegans 2 years Cuban Turtle, C. seripta, var. rugosa 1 year Geographic or Map ‘Turtle, Malacoclemys geographica — 2 years Diamond-back Terrapin, M. centrata concentrica 3 years Lesueur’s Terrapin, M. lesueurii 1 year Albino Texan Turtle, M. littoralis 1 year Slider Terrapin, Pseudemys rugosa — - THE SPOTTED CODLING (Phycis regius) is rather rare in New York waters. It is the only striking fish of the cod family, having a heavily marked lateral line, broken by four- teen conspicuous white spots. Specimens have been kept in the Aquarium six months THE AXOLOTL (Amblystoma tigrinum) is a large salamander inhabiting part of the central United States and extending to the Mexican lakes where it is used for food. The above specimen is the albino form bred in captivity. Specimens have lived in the Aquarium four year (Hitherto unpublished photographs made in the Aquarium) Face page 113 7 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT Reeve’s Turtle, Damonia reevesi (From Eastern Asia) Spotted Turtle, Chelopus quttaturs or. t..nccccc.cwceeeccccecem ce Muhlenberg’s Turtle, C. muhlember ti 1:.....:::0:ccc0cc0e-o Ses Feel arin a PM GAREY CCTs 1 C2) aman ee ene a Blandme’s Turtle, Emys blandingiq) Box Tortoise, Cistudo carolina. Kept 4 years and then sent to Zoo. PME RIOe TION POPLOISGS CU MINCS 8s nce oceans tet Gopher Tortoise, Testudo polyphemus. Kept 114 years and then sent to the Zoo. [Dare etsafenr sien! (ty 0) C{enmw ABCs |) 17) hae area Radiated Tortoise, 7’. radiata. Kept 114 years and then sent to Zoo. SOFT-SHELLED TURTLES—Tnrionycuipae. Soft-shelled’ Turtle, Trionga spinifer (2222-22. Southern soft-shelled ‘Turtle, 7. feror’ 22. —PELOMEDUSIDAE. Amazon Turtle, Podocnemis ex pamsa ~.-:ccc-:---c1ccccceceeenenn FISHES (Pisces) Salt Water—Tropical (From Florida and the Bermudas) * ELASMOBRANCHS. (Sharks, Skates and Rays) NURSE SHARKS—GincLyMosromipar. Nurse Shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum 00 STING RAYS—DasyvatTIDAE. Round Sting Ray, Urolophus jamaicensis 0... ane TELEOSTS. (Bony Fishes) MORAYS—MvrRAENIDAE. Spotted Moray, Lycodontis moringa .........--- (still living) Vellow-spotted Moray, Jc. miharis: 2. ==. Browo Moray, Lycodontis 3p. 52 Green Moray. ch. funeOrs oe eee se Striped Moray, Channomuraena vittata cc BARRACUDAS—SpuyrakENIDAE. Great Barracuda, Sphyraena barracuda «0-0-0000. ‘Some of these tropical fishes wander north in summer and local waters. wNnonwwnd = bo Or WSOore We i are 113 year years years years years years year vear years months years months year years months year taken in 114 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY SQUIRREL FISHES—Hovocenrripae. Squirrel Fish, Holocentrus ascemstOmts —........c-cccc---eccen Squirrel Fish, Myropristes siccifer ... PAM PANOS—CarAnGIDAE. Amaberish. Serola tatands i: oe Boule or Madrecal “6. falcata. eee Lerse-eve Jack, Carane lntus>..52 oe ee ee Neverbres ib. eu ber 2a oe hee eee Runner or Leatherjacket, Oligoplites saurus 0. CARDINAL FISHES—CueEILopieTerIDAe. Marine Goldfish, Apogon sellicauda (Received in poor dition ) ROBALOS—CENTROPOMIDAE. Snook, Centropomus undecimalis ~ SEA BASSES—-SERRANIDAE. Graysby or Coney. Petrometopon cruentatus . . Yellow Coney or Butterfish, Bodianus fulous .000000.. Coney or Butterfish, B. fulvus, var. ruber ........ soe ee: Coney or Butterfish, B. fulvus, var. punctatus — Red Grouper, E pine plielas m0 ri0 iii non saseete aoe eee Red Hind. EF. maculosus ...... Rock Hind, EF. adscencionis .. scene (StL Lev) Nassau Grouper, EF. striatus Bee Spotted Jewfish, Promicrops guttatus ae ies (still living) Red Niggerfish or Butter-hamlet, cckhae chlorop- terus =e: " Yellow-finned Grouper, Mycteroperca venenosa Black Rockfish, M. bonaci ........... eee ( Still living) Scamp, M. phenaxr ; ae 8 eee Tiger Rockfish, M. tigris eae Cardinal Rockfish, M. venenosa apua Salmon Rockfish, 4. falcata Princess Rockfish, M. olfax Gag, M. microlepis Marbled Hamlet, Dermatolepis marmoratus Sand Grouper, Prionodes tigrinus Butter Hamlet, Hypoplectrus puella Soapfish, Rypticus bistrispinus (still living) TRIPLE TAILS—Losoripae. Sandfish, Diplectrum formosum CATALUFAS—PriacantTHIDAE. Catalufa or Glass-Eyve, Priacanthus arenatus Redfish, Psendopriacanthus altus SAD ww wv years week years weeks months months weeks week months years years years years years years years years vears months years years years years years years vears vears year months vear vears months > mnoths >} months TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT SNAPPERS—Lutianmae. New Snapper, Neomaenis ambiguus 00 See xia a Der IN: COTES ne Se ON es ae Dog Snapper, iN: gocti...s ts. od ere See tN Mehoolmuster. N apoduse: te. cet eee ane ea MVTIELOWMISI: SN. ante eae 28 ee as ae nd enema perce aii 20 nc. jae at eee eS ppot.or Vane Snapper, NV. eynagria 20s. ose Black-finned Snapper, N. hastingsi 0.00... Yellow-tail, Ocyurus chrysurus .cccccc.:--cceccccce GRUNTERS—Haemutipae. GrayrGrnnt, Eldemiuilon, panris, 2.1 occ ened ee Golden, Gwunh, i. chrysoplenum <.....625 ena Black-Tailed Grout, Fy. mela rwamn -...:::sccesssseevsevcsvnevveeseecveesennnnee White or Common Grunt, Hl. plumieri 2..-:c:cccccccenneeteee Yellow Grunt, H. flavolineatum Blue-striped Grunt, H. sciurus Bronze Grunt, Brachygenys chrysargyreus wees eee Black Margate, Anisotremus surinamensis OF hIShis A. Un GQUntcn stan nas = oes tere ne es ne era Pigfish or Sailor’s Choice, Orthopristis chrysopterus........ Tom Tate, or White Grunt, Bathystoma striatum PORGIES—Sparipae. Little-head Porgy, Calamus proridens 2.200238 oe Domed LE OFEM SC DAT ONGAG 280 eel escent ecto tna NANGET he | OLOY:| C.McOlanne a: eon es eee tass Porey..C. arcriprons. f.c0 9 oe Sheepshead, Archosargus probatocephalus Salema, 4. unimaculatus ........... bt 2 eee ees SON eae Se Breats Diplodussargent ews 52. .oe ser ee MOJARRAS—Genrripar. Broad.Shad, Xystaema conereum 222s he ee ; RUDDER FISHES—Kypuosipar. Bermuda Chub or Rudder-Fish, Kyphosus sectatriv......... CROAKERS—Sciaenmmae. Cubbow..E qtes acuminabus a2 ico Aiea ke ee ee Hipbon-righs, i.) (AnCeCOlGtuUs 22.6 oe Croaker, Micropogon undulatus .............. see (still living) DEMOISELLES—Pomacentripae. Brown Gregory, Kupomacentrus ee Bea. (still living 6) Beau Gregory, FE. leucostictus —. Fe ne Oe ae Sergeant Aion Abudefduf Ao); Se Sa : mee DonwmWd wwe» vo b =e DOD AAs i 8 bo bo bo be 92 115 months years years years years years years months years years years year years years years vears years months year year years years year year years years years years year months years years months years years years vears 116 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY WRASSE FISHES—Lasrmae. Hogfish, Lachnolaimus maximus .. Spanish Hogfish, Harpe rufa: 2.2. & 2s 8 ee Pudding Wife or Doncella, Iridio radiatue 2 Doncella, I. garnoti Ketpish.| 20> onegers «occ ek ee a ere Suppery Dick. T.ibivtiiame = Sh oe ee he cee en Reef Fish, Thalassomea mitid am ....::::::ccc0000ccceccccc0ecceeeenees IBienead. 0): “DY OSCIGIUa yo eee ee PARROT FISHES—Scarmae. Red Parrot, Sparisoma abildgaardi Green Parrot, S. viride: 22020200..-2sc-0-00--- Mido Parrates. pravescens te. oh es Eo eee Scotch Porgy, S. hoplomystaa 0000... Rainbow Parrot, Pseudoscarus guacamaia . Large Blue Parrot, P. plaumbeus .......-:::cccccessccecssccn Blue" ParratScarus cetula: i228. 2c ee ee Rive. .PartotsS.cacrilelig te Sen et ee Harbor Parrot, 8. croicemsis ..:..c.ceccccccccscceeen Rosy-sided Parrot, S. punctulatus ....... SPADE FISHES—Epuirppipar. Spadefish, Chaetodipterus faber. ..... (still living) BUTTERFLY FISHES—Cuaeroponiripar. Butterfly Fish, Chaetodon ocellatus ......... Four-Piyes; (Ci caper ots, soe oon Black Angel, Pomacanthus arcnatus .. (still living) French Angel, P. paru ...... am _..(still living) Blue Angel, Anqelichthys Ssabe lita Queen Angel, Angelichthys ciliaris Fi Ae oe tA oe” Yellow-Tail Angel, 4. townsendii ... (still living) TURTLES (Chelonia). Salt Water TRUNK TURTLE—Spuaraipare. Leatherback or Trunk Turtle, Sphargis coriacea GREEN, HAWK’S BILL AND LOGGERHEAD TURTLES- CHELONIDAE. Loggerhead ‘Turtle, Thalassochelys caretta. Kept 14 vears and then set free. Hawk’s Bill Turtle, Chelonia imbricata Atlantic Green ‘Turtle, C. mydas Pacific Green Turtle. C. virgata — Dm 02 OO OW WY Qe We bo 3 BY, 6 5 years years months months months year months year vear years year months vears months vear year year months years years year years years years vear years weeks years years years TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT by SNAKES (Ophidia). Common Water Snake, T'ropidonotus fasciata, var. IY aa t Lo) entice Wb SOR anes errs aie ere ee eee ee : 1 year BIRDS BIRDS (Aves). Loon, Urinator imber. Kept for a few weeks and then sent to the Zoo. Penguim, Spheniscus: humboldit (?) 22200 ne 5 months Brown Pelican, Pelecanus fuscus. Kept for a few weeks, when it escaped. MAMMALS (Whales, Sea Cows, Seals) WHALES—CerTacea. White Whale, Delphinapterus leucas: 222.2 =..2 te. 7 weeks Dolphin, Delphinus delphis (Received in poor condi- ROT) ee See este ae Re 2 weeks Dusky Dolphin, Lagenorhynchus sp. -2222 222 2 days Bottle-nosed Porpoise, Tursiops truncatus 0.220000... 134 years SEA COWS—Srenlia. Manatee or Sea Cow, Manatus latirostris 0000000000000... 1'4 years Aunazonm Manatee, i. imniingiuis~ 22 eso eh Sa ee 2 years SEALS—PIinnipepia. Hliarborepcales Proce Uttuling 1 es 8 years Harps Sealeh o-qroemlanatcay i 3u. a ote Ra eee 3 months Alaska Fur Seal, Callorhinus alascanus -002.210::2.2::00cc-0- 8 months West Indian Seal, Monachus tropicalis ......0....00cccccnceen 5 years Elephant Seal, Macrorhinus angustirostris EOS Ee 9 months California Sea Lion, Zalophus californianus (still living) 11 years BEAVERS—Casrormae. North American Beaver, Castor canadensis ...0...00.0...00.......... bo months Creasurer’s Report For rue Year Enpinc DecemsBer 31, 1918. RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES OF THE Sucome Account Schedule 1. Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1917: Available for expenditure during 1918 ou. $10,954.74 Investments: $3,000 New York, Lackawanna & Western Terminal 4% Bonds ........ Sen We Sean Ah rer eet 2,970.00 RECEIPTS. Annual Dues sce RSS : $17,120.00 Sustaining Memberships 4.00.00 Transfer from Endowment Fund Income Account .................. 16,533.56 Interestion bank ibalancess- 3-2 Re) ae ee ee. 621.08 Interest on investments. ..................... 5S els MOO Wye ee 120.00 Heads and Horns (publications and labels) 200. 1.00 Special Subscriptions: Archer M. Huntington ..... phe wwe 1,000.00 American Museum Natural History . 466.66 Miscellaneous. .... eat 4.00 1,470.66 EXPENDITURES. Annual and separate reports. ...... Rae fe pees $ 3,003.10 Bulletin ....... Arete = eS AAS ke. 3,379.90 12d ufo) ofp gH 6) 01: Boar: H0 Ce Met DN a Ul jae ome seen eet Lan itr. oes une Sep 788.09 Zoologica. ...... iS ta resis pats Cm NSA yen ences 103.50 Cost of distribution of publications . ee ee i" 94.40 Expenses, Annual Meeting ............. a Safe pemm ay 811.00 Expenses of receptions . arnt RO NS ee 910.01 Treasurer’s office expenses 1,600.00 General office expenses . 4,325.70 Audit of accounts 600,00 Liability insurance 1,281.30 Salary of Secretary 5,000.00 Aquarium expenses 375.81 Office supplies and printing 2,316.42 Aquarium specimens . 960.19 Aid to employees ; 1,580.00 Pension Fund Income Account 3,665.00 Pheasant Monograph 250.00 Insurance IS1.50 Zoopathologica 507.22 Kmployees Co-operative store 235.50 Aquarium Fund (transfer) 93.61 Carried forward $32,062.25 $13,924.74 36,266.30 $50,191.04 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 119 PSM OUGIOC a) OV08 OP Ute gare tae ee cee soe ek oe ee $32,062.25 Ritter Stree auowalee anor co he 2,709.53 EOE CEOSS WVU @ TCH UNG cece ee eens el eat esa 8 392.00 WEIS GEllaneOUs EXPENSES eee a 2,170.02 37,333.80 Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1918: Available for expenditure during 1919 200000. 10,877.24. Investments: $2,000 New York, Lackawanna & Western Terminal 4% Bonds (one bond sold during year for $990) 1,980.00 12,857.24 $50,191.04 H. R. Mircuett, Percy R. Pyne, Chief Clerk. Treasurer. January 1, 1919. Maintenance Hund ZOOLOGICAL PARK. For tHe Year 1918, as or January 15, 1919. Schedule 2. RECEIPTS. Received from the City on account of Park Maintenance Appropriation of $207,586.00 for the year 00... $192,547.30 Due from the City on account of Park Maintenance JAN 0 OKO) OETA (0) 0 ee hesitate a eran ory Aa ne ea aera 15,038.70 EXPENDITURES, Maintenance of buildings and care of collections ...W..W...... $60,662.34 Maintenance and care Of 2roundS 2.0... 52,854.82 Generale acdmiini str alm ness en oe ene a tee ce 19,795.71 ROCCE ORMATIIVO AS e petra eee ee ano See eee ee 41,430.03 Ruely ok. eee 13,593.79 Lumber 1,647.59 I AIMUS RANG OTIS) arene Ne eed ee ee 1,644.70 Uniforms and miscellaneous wearing apparel 1,575.42 Bila Din Pep ales ys eee eee 1,122.00 Moolswandigm Achim e typ eer eee wee 864.87 Miscellanesnsmaterialst 2... ee ee ee 863.96 Electric service 853.41 Office supplies 831.31 Melephone! service: = BEREAN A eee 724.57 Slee lanes ee 656.06 Miscellaneous supplies 643.60 Hurnaces repairs andeteplacements, so ee ee Ee 642.13 Fuel oil and gasoline ................ Ais BA AN eer Ie A eee IONS 523.46 Stationery and printing . 504.73 AMIREO MS ae SUD PLLC teste ore eer ce ea 499.33 Rencine and! netting, Se Ee ed eee ee 478.91 Miscellaneous equipment. .... 461.34 Plumbing materials «0.00... 438.30 Bolts, nails and hardware 401.16 Sia GS aGEMie nity cue GTC agen ee eee ee ee eens Seca sens 368.50 Glazierswmaterials sa. ss ee ee ee reine ae Aa 367.50 (COPING Um ONION. rte etn Sere er Rs i ee eee ee OA Oe $207,586.00 120 Brought forward. 8 2 eee Expressage and deliveries Motor vehicles and ae oa Janitors’ equipment .............. Medical attendance, animals | Electrical materials... Motor vehicle supplies Drugs and medicines Disinfectants NCE Fe eee FQN CETS CCUG IG ye Nursenyestockaandi seeds = semen ee ee eee Rubber hoses == 3 acs ee Apparatus and machinery repairs Medical attendance, employees Norsery “supplies! (2.0 oe ee Miscellaneous repairs. ..... Miscellaneous expenses .... Paintings labelst 26 ee ne ee ee KAISISS CTV CO eee ee re ae ee Motor vehicle materials lubricating, oils Office furniture and fixtures oc... AMIGA BOL VACE a nee ee Motor vehicle repairs. ...... Mats and floor COVeTIN GS occ EIGYHCRS BNG VEINClesrepalIs. ok Medical sand suneical supplies). .<.2 t= Medicaljequipment = Awnings and shades Telegraph, cable and messenger service . H. R. Mrrcwent, Chief Clerk. January 15, 1919. Ground Improvement Find Schedule 3. 1915 GROUND IMPROVEMENT Unexpended balances as of December 31, 1917: Construction of Hospital Building Reconstruction of cages in Elephant House Balances rescinded by the City: Construction of Hospital Building . Reconstruction of cages in EKlephant House H. R. Mrrenenr., Chief Clerk. January 1, 1919. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 244.95 § Perey $204,449.54 324.93 311.93 294.18 229.00 208.49 203.99 187.31 147.60 127.80 125.70 118.92 116.75 105.53 99.00 92.95 62.60 49.80 49.00 48.08 44.05 44.02 42.63 34.67 26.60 19.60 8.10 6.13 Percy R. Pyne, Treasurer. ACCOUNTS. 156.76 —_ iS) 1 og Fe KR; Pek: Treasurer. 5 401,01 TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 121 Animal Fund Schedule 4. Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1917: Cashwinwb an ke ies, ee ie eee Se ee eee Be ee $16,463.03 ashton andes. se eee el ee ee 100.00 $ 16,563.03 Special Subscriptions: WUMIOn MATa on eee ee ee oe HOO0,00 Blelert Gey SREP AEO as nce 200.00 700.00 Zoolocical Society,of Philadelphia. 0000 571.42 Receipts from Park: Gate Receipts (Jan. 1 to June 30, 1918) $ 3,758.95 SEME: CORR EVA W Ta YEN IS ieee eerie sect ee ener 1,523.50 Gheeking, 22 21.65 Aquarium specimens . 25.00 MWiiscellame OWS) ese ee ee ee ee 80.58 Privilege Account, account of 1918 receipts — 14,000.00 Boating, account 1918 receipts 0000... 3,500.00 Rocking Stone Restaurant, account 1918 VCC CEN OL SST wears oe ee wre ee ry tne ree 500.00 = 23,409.68 24,681.10 $41,244.13 EXPENDITURES. NTN WNTENT SU LS toc ce Re, cy he Neto 5B Ae Re bes $ 3,495.00 Birds. = 2,983.40 teptilese ee. aes 263.80 In GeCERCOleCH On see te ees on eee wee ee ee ou ee 67.95 6,810.15 EXE S SPAM ORO GET: CHAT eS yas ek eee eee ee ee $ 859.44 iiravellinewand "others expenses a. see a eee 31.33 890.77 Improvement and Repair Account, transfer of Gate Re- Geni, (ents MW kop die GUO MEMES!) ences 3,758.95 Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1918: @ashiin ban kate eer ne he! Mn oe ae ee ee $29,684.26 CAST OM ss aUr ee ee oP ee ee Se ee 100.00 29,784.26 $41,244.13 H. R. Mircnerr, Percy R. Pyne, Chief Clerk. Treasurer. January 1, 1919. Stokes Bird Fund Schedule 5. Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1917: Investment: $5,000 Illinois Central Railway 4% COTODES ONGC ie a ee eS ed TE 5,056.46 $ 5,315.00 RECEIPTS. Interest on investment see ee tee ee Mat Se ee cea Jae 200.00 $ 5,515.00 | a7 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY EXPENDITURES. Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1918: Cash in Bank . Investment: $5,000 Illinois Central Railway Gold Bonds . H. R. Mircnett, Chief Clerk. January 1, 1919. 4% 5,056.46 $ 5,515.00 Percy R. PYNE, Treasurer. National Collection of Beads and Gorns Schedule 6. Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1917 . RECEIPTS. Special Subscription: John J. Paul EXPENDITURES. Meads rands hOnns) 22. enn Express and other charges . Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1918 . H. R. MitrcnHett, Chief Clerk. January 1, 1919. Library Fund Schedule 7. Unexpended balance as of December 31, L917 No reecipts during 1918, EXPENDITURES, Subscriptions to periodicals Books, pamphlets, ete, Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1918 H. R. Mrrenenn, Chief Clerk. January 1, 1919. $ 5.00 13.61 18.61 107.16 $ 195.77 Percy Re PYNeE; Treasurer. $% 437.80 $ 1g 182 228.32 $ 209,48 $ 137.80 Percy R. PyYnNeE, . Treasurer. TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT Maintenance Fund AQUARIUM. Schedule 8. RECEIPTS. Received from the City on account of Aquarium Main- tenance Appropriation of $48,632.50 for the yeat........ $ 43,070.06 Due from the City on account of Aquarium Maintenance BENITO TOI OPIN UUM OM Ne cesta cee aseccetee pact eer rere ener ee = 5,560.65 Unexpended balance to revert to the City .-.......:..-. EXPENDITURES. JEU CURT@S OTN Gl NU AU CS eee ee ere ae eer iene toed Meee eee Forage and veterinary supplies COTTE CER Sp CS a nr ee ee eee : Laundry, cleaning and disinfecting supplies ae 150.62 ihetnrerstine supplies 2... 2c he 124.37 Generaligplanie Sup ples paces ees ee ee 330.14 OTTERS LONI 09 0S) a a el ee 58.30 Wearing yapparel pees Re 22.75 General plant equipment ; 1,509.94 General plant materials 0.0000. th Fone We ae Se lee 1,398.98 Repairs 947.68 Lighting 940.98 Bxpressy and delivieniesiaamere ent eee ee ee 284.60 Melephone service | 2=- e sree co aectsgseini eee 144.43 Contingencies 111.10 Fuel supplies 7,831.29 Unexpended balance to revert to: the City 123 $ 48,630.71 Set $ 48,632.50 $ 48,630.71 1.79 $ 48,632.50 A. H. CLenvdENING, Percy R. Pyne, Clerk. Treasurer. January 20, 1919. Endowment Fund Schedule 9. Funds as of December 31, 1917: Wachee Bam ke ek coe ent wee: ee wee A eee SB k re $ 2,740.71 Investmentsivat