Se SSS SS SSS PR Sor a Bee sense So Se SE Sa a Se SS 1” a. _ Oy emery ee me ‘p68! ‘SINOT'LS LV LIGIHXS : TAS ACEI Rt eager, = ok RRS eye: * a |ieten J © O(TH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE State Horticultural Society OF MISSOURI ¢ = MEETINGS AT Harrisonville, June 5,6, 7, and Trenton, December 4, 5,6 ,1894. L. A. GoopMaN, Secretary, WESTPORT, MO. JEFFERSON CITY, MO.: TRIBUNE PRINTING COMPANY, STATE PRINTERS AND BINDERS. 1895. Missouri State Horticultural Society. To his Excellency, WILLIAM J. STONE, Governor: This report of our society work, of meetings held, of the moneys expended, and of the local societies and counties reporting for the year 1894, is respectfully submitted. L. A. GOODMAN, Secretary, Westport, Mo. City OF JEFFERSON, January 10, 1895. To the Commissioners of Public Printing: I require for the use of my office 3500 copies of Missouri Horticultural Report—2000 bound in cloth and 1500 in paper—which I desire printed as per accompanying sample. Respectfully, L. A. GOODMAN, Secretary, ~ | Approved: 3 Westport, Mo. A. A. LESUEUR, Secretary of State. J. M. SEIBERT, State Auditor. LON V. STEPHENS, State Treasurer. LIB RA Ry NEY oo a iXE ¥ \ C i K Officers for the Year 1895. GARDEN IRTP KERTCONG «fc ajvicicieee |< oven sels cowsla aiveid\siee ela oi Malate aigielde wlcisjsee ec. ely e's North Kansas City PmpLENME EI ACY). OVI CE=E-PCSIOGI EG.) i \smip tc o 40 n'a si o cleicie'd «csiniya Sro.n'e'n wlaen plateisieins clade as 8:5i015 spe paom Oregon eho WEG Pci by SBCONG) VLCO-E TESLGOMNG «55,215 oda, cte's oe: 0'o/su v cleininieieje e)al0,e.0)010 cloicie'g «feleie'e.oje'n ie ele Bluffton Tea. GOODMAN. Secretary.....r0.0:cs00cssccecce OBE CBOSS OATIC ACE LIICOD AAG OGLOEEOACE SOOO. Westport A, NELSON, Treasurer..... PED LEOCMOC HOOD oer OTIC ner eer ceo BU hate aero stale vareldriveree Lebanon List of Honorary Members. eae Sue Ae NEN STOO EVE erates cate Sevalcl ov (arava wleis’ aig bie eve 'e ae Casino oyedstmcie 7 are dajerw ayee avshe s]mswiola 5) > feiaus 5's Jefferson City ALM: MLR TEED BAIR one usie, leiacele bis aidiseiece tae Sates widicla MebaiviGeiciasme. swivmelnela aise Kirkwood, Mo. ET OAM OPER LIAS WAIT ci norse cere rniiare hates sicls, oo) cicie\ erate io wlercua (ois avemaiencde!siniateteie o's ere inichalye bade. te atamtelsiee’sialeies Napa, Cal. EU BLIND Ne 5 ce sewievels wear eves Se Mein iiareiete eee Ne ee aise ce MONE i res Avatars OtaeiaN® aim share South Haven, Mich. MV LORD ERIE DT 5 8 ccc cvec/dcine essteis sje 00ie Pa tinn stiecne a ned tale onesies 1 auleis ele wales wtesietieiaa.s Kirkwood, Mo. SE ee NON eT AOU NUAIN << /e clo srw dic.elalale /o'elare als ctwre eine vey t1e’s ojase Si tohrsy Sides oa eleisie, vivre cmietelveckee St. Louis, Mo. MAMUEL MILLER. ......cce0008 SECU DOCO CE ae JOR ee OAT cidlats Coa aNials oon sscra Saenger Bluffton, Mo. EIN AIERR ODA IOG HERR gi sc. cialtanic.s oicieie. to der are vis tie ares darela Pon iere ale eelticna cele aie spells sbieate sass star Neosho, Mo. ME SESEP IORI ORR OLNSEOELIN cc 0 c. sveve ie oc, a1a'scinsdicveje 2h ve te. Wlevw/elovelsivlslelele.areleatan Cals claro win ase' aes diaiaterei Acie ae St. Louis, Mo. Be ALO WEAN 3 « o)ctss's visyea'et snc 604.0 slene eave tess eae Aaa a alavelelee c(eionios alee Washington, D.C. List of Life Members. ites Ws, Old MOMDER oe cc cece onto oe sa umeslslasen cms TARGA COP Open cnGUre HCOOH: Fox Creek, Mo. em AMALIE LO IMIOIIW CL oy ofaict save w sieiche aciets Sajeih oie ocialcin’elele insaleie a aivieia Cloeeaiehte Waem ele ela Kansas City, Mo. PIB IAS Ie eae ota. 9 ciosris snnicin/cleshinw tees cin a eesieietee er aeelo mie niatele nes eile cin 9 aie North Kansas City, Mo. PPAR OCTIMUAIN:. pa '0/c'07 ciclsre duinlers Sesame (en cinta atcha atevsl tte as ayato tet aigh claro oi sb hovel otesd ciate tal oe Westport, Mo. MINUTE GALE choo are a.c ao Gin ia salons cioiein a ofan oltre ate ciate iste se niclaloacaativers = mina aie’s, ieiniateve,s Sinie/eiw leans we Fulton, Mo. ae aes OEIC Worse sabia oid Sinid vie TMS ere hatte nal vhs selene cae eae an eeiee aan Soa Meelaeielecte tadieds Columbia, Mo. SUE CEGWIAND See's 2 ties a:0.0100 oi0: oe ulars elpipcigisie cid ties ore acae eeleee ieee cee .. Evans building, St. Louis, Mo. UDG Wi. Hi WILKERSON .....:.c0000 Bid ucaishare.e-e ie /ale.svenie samen peneeireveras ere wieies DPR CR OEE Altenburg, Mo. Standing Committees. 4 } Orchards. — J. A. Durxrs, Weston; Henry Speer, Batler; H. W. JENKINS, Boonyille. Vineyards. H, Jancrer, Neosho; Jacozp RommgEt, Morrison; C. TruBNER, Lexington. Small Fruits . G. W. Horxins, Springfield; J. N. Mentrre, Oregon; Henry SCHNELL, Glasgow. Stone Fruits. S. W. Giveert, Thayer; Z. T. Russeiu, Carthage; H. D. McKay, Olden. Vegetables. Prof. J. C. Wurrren, Columbia; C. M. WittiAms, Marceline; A. J. Davis, Jefferson City~ Flowers . { E. H. Micuet, 8t. Louis; Mrs. G. E. Dugan, Sedalia; C. I. Roparps, Butler. Ornamentals . F. A. Hurparp, Carthage; F. McCoun, St. Joseph; R E Bar.ey, Fulton. Entomology. Miss M. E. Murtretpt, Kirkwood; J. L. SNoparass, West Plains; G. F. LuckwarptT, Oregon- ‘Botany. B. B. Busu, Independence; Prof. G. C. Broapunap, Columbia; J. KirncHGraBer, Springfield. Nomenclature. - W.G. Gano, Parkville; E. L. Pottarp, Olden; A. Amprosr, Nevada. New Fruits. J.B. Wp, Sarcoxie; A H. Girxeson, Warrensburg; J. F. Wiicox, St. Joseph. Ornithology . , Prof, L. T. Krr«, S2dalia; C. W. Murrrerpr, Kirkwood; C. Howarp, Willow Springs. i: Az Injurious Fungi. Prof. B T. Gattoway, Washington, D. C.; Prof. W Treieass, St. Louis. Packtng and Marketing Fruits. C.C Bett, Boonville; E. T. Hotuister, St. Louis; C. Toorp, Weston. Transportation. J.M. Ricz, Sarcoxie; C. C. Bet, Boonville; L. A. GoopMANn, Westport. Incorporation and Reorganization Of the Horticultural Society by an act of the General Assembly in 1893. The following law was passed by the Legislature, incorporating the State Horticultural Society. The Executive Committee met soon after the passage of this act and accepted its provisions, and at the semi-annual meeting of the Society at Columbia, June 6-7-8, 1893, the act was adopted as part of the constitution of the Society. | MEMBERSHIP. Under the new constitution the law requires the payment of $1 per year for membership fee. We hope that we shall have a good long list of members under our new plan for business. The plan under which we have been working, of giving each local society the privi- lege of paying their fee into their local society, thus making them a member of the State Society, cannot now avail. Each person must become a member of the State Society and keep up his membership each year. We should like to see a good number of life members also. L. A. GOODMAN, Secretary. ACT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. The Missouri State Horticultural Society is hereby instituted and created a body cor- porate, to be named and styled as above, and shall have perpetual succession, power to Sue and be sued, complain and defend in all courts, and to make and use a common seal and alter the same at pleasure. The Missouri State Horticultural Soclety shall be composed of such persons as take an interest in the advancement of horticulture in this State, who shall apply for membership and pay into the Society treasury the sum of one dollar per year, or ten dollars for a life membership, the basis for organization to be the Missouri State Horticultural Society, as now known and existing, and whose expenses have been borne and annual reports paid for by appropriations from the State treasury. The business of the Society, so far as it relates to transactions with the State, shall be conducted by an executive board, to be composed of the President, Vice-President, Second Vice-President, Secretary and Treasurer, who shall be elected by ballot at an annual meeting of the Society; the Governor of the State shall be ex officio a Member of the Board—all other business of the Society to be conducted as its by- laws may direct. All appropriations made by the State for the aid of the Society shall be expended by means of requisitions to be made by order of the Board on the State Auditor, signed by the President and Secretary and attested with the seal; and the Treasurer shall annually publish a detailed statement of the expenditures of the Board, covering all moneys received by it. The Public Printer shall annually, under the direction of the Board, print such number of reports of the proceedings of the Board, Society and auxiliary societies as may in the judgment of the State Printing commission be justified by the appropriation made for that purpose by the General Assembly, such annual report not to contain more than four hundred pages. The Secretary of the Society shall receive a salary of eight hun- dred dollars per annum as full compensation for his services; all other officers shall serve without compensation, except that they may receive their actual expenses in attending meetings of the Board. 8 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOOIETY. COUNTY SOCIETIES—Continued. Pettis County Horticultural Society— G. B. Lamm, Pres’t, Sedalia. L. T. Kirk, Sec’y, LaMonte. Polk County Horticultural Society— G. W. Williams, Pres’t, Humansville. J. L. Strader, Sec’y, Humansyille. Phelps County Horticultural Society— Robert Merriwether, Pres’t, Rolla. W. W. Southgate, Sec’y, Rolla. St. Francois County Horticultural Society— W. F. Hoey, Pres’t, Farmington. T. B. Chandler, Sec’y, Farmington. Tri-county Horticultural Society— J. H. Holloway, Pres’t, Richland. S. Kellar, Sec’y, Richland. Ripley County Horticultural Society— J. G. Hancock, Pres’t, Doniphan. S. Kellar, Sec’y, Richland. Some of our Horticultural Societies have failed to keep up their organization and work during South Missouri Horticultural Society— H. D. McKay, Pres’t, Olden. J. T. Snodgrass, Sec’y, West Plains. Saline county Horticultural Society— J.T. Stewart, Pres’t, Blackburn. Thos. Adams, Sec’y, Marshall. Vernon County Horticultural Society— A. Ambrose, Pres’t, Nevada , Sec’y, Nevada. Missouri Valley Horticultural Society— J.C. Evans, Pres’t, Harlem, Mo. A. Chandler, Sec’y, Argentine, Kas. Webster Connty Horticultural Society— » Pres’t, Marshfield. W.L. Long, Sec’y, Marshfield. the past year, but I still have kept them enrolled in the list. L. A. GOODMAN, Secretary. ~ S LEMME RM EET .N.G; The Missouri State Horticultural Society held its semi-annual meeting in Harrisonville, Mo., June 5, 6, 7, 1894. TUESDAY, June 5—8 p. m. Society met according to announcement, in the beautiful city of Harrisonville, with a much greater attendance than was expected. The meeting attested the fact that all horticuiturists are much in earnest, in spite of the discouragements that are surrounding us at the present time. At no meeting of our Society was more enthusiasm shown ora greater interest taken by the people of the surrounding country. The large opera-house was filled full at every night meeting, and during the day-time a very large number of the people from the surrounding country and city were present and interested in the papers and dis- cussions. A cily so well situated as is Harrisonville, a city surrounded with such beautiful and rich country, with so many grand farms and beauti- ful homes, with so many: prosperous farmers, located as it is in a grand fruit district, on the head waters of Grand river, a city with railroads reaching in every direction, does not do itself justice or use the ad- vantages placed at her doors, when she fails to plant large and exten- | sive fruit-farms, orchards and small fruits. No city,of our State presents greater inducements or offers greater advantages to the fruit-grower than does this same little city of Har- risonville, and her people can do her no greater service than can be done by planting a number of small fruit-farms and give employment to hundreds of the young people in berry season, nor can the people enter into any enterprise that will pay them better. SEC’Y. The following committees were appointed : Fruits—Henry Speer, C. C. Bell, F. Holsmyer. Flowers—W. H. Holloway, Mrs. L. A. Goodman, Mrs. Blakely, Mrs. Hall. Finance—S. W. Gilbert, C. Hartzell, J. J. Blakely. Obituary—N. F. Murray, A. Nelson, S. Blanchard. Final Resolutions—C. C. Bell, A. Chandler, Judge Sloan. 10 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. A Few Notes by Judge Miller. The semi-annual meeting of the State Horticultural Society was held at Harrisonville, Cass county, June (5th-7th. When one goes to these meetings, and finds loyal subjects all around him, with kindly greetings, with every one of whom he would like to stop and chat, it almost precludes the possibility of much note-taking; and yet I did my level best to take in the meeting and all that was said and done. In the first place, the Society met with a right royal reception, and had the largest attendance for years. Harrisonville isja beautiful little city, and the people are of the live, enterprising kind. The hall was. well fitted up, and was all right, with the single exception that it was not large enough to hold the people who came to see and hear. The musie furnished was excellent, and the members in attendance were treated to a delightful ride and afforded a fine view of the surrounding eountry; carriages were furnished for an eight or ten-mile ride, which displayed to the participants a handsome and attractive country with land the equal to any, and superior to much that is highly spoken of. The crops look well and the cultivation clean. I noticee particularly the fine horses and equipages, which serve to tell of the character of the community and its ability to sustain life. The show of fruits was a very good one, considering the past and present failures of the crops. Of apples there were in all 78 samples shown, and these all in good condition—some of them two years old, exhibited by Conrad Hartzell, of St. Joseph, Mo. Four boxes of straw- berries, of the Gandy variety, and eight boxes of cherries, were shown by Mr. Gilbert, of Thayer, Mo. Of raspberries, currants and goose- berries, a few of each. : One basket of tomatoes from Mr. Kinney, of New Franklin, Mo., out of his glass house, that were fine. A number of fine boquets, two large ones, extra fine, from Mr. Kelloge’s farm, Pleasant Hill. Quite a number of rare flowering plants by the citizens. Several bunches of wheat by our Treasurer Nelson, of Lebanon, who showed in them the effects of salt on this plant. SUMMER MEETING. i? State Horticultural Society. ¢ The following report, made by Mr. C. E. Allen for the Harrison- ville papers, gives such a concise view of the meeting that I here in- troduce it. SEC’Y. The Missouri State Horticultural Society had its semi-annual meeting in Harrisonville, Mo., June 5, 6 and 7, beginning at 8 p. m. the 5th and adjourning at noon the 7th. The present officers of the So- ciety are: J. C. Evans, President, Kansas City; N. F. Murray, Vice- President, Elm Grove; Samuel L. Miller, Second Vice-President, Bluff- ton; L. A. Goodman, Secretary, Westport; A. Nelson, Treasurer, Lebanon. The Society was organized in 1859, and there are now 47 counties. that have branch organizations. There were 43 regular delegates in attendance, besides a great many others interested in the work. The meeting was called to order «t 8 p. m., June 5, by the Presi- dent, and after a selection of music, prayer was offered by Rev. Barnes, followed by another selection of music. Dr. Abraham, of Harrison- ville, then welcomed the Society to our city most cordially, which was responded to by Vice-President Murray in an instructive talk on horti- culture and the work of the Society, and praising Harrisonville and surrounding country, ending with a beautiful and fitting poem. The next number of music was then rendered, and the audience was favored with a paper on “ Flowers in the Home,” by Mrs. Dixie Deane, which was quite unique and instructive; the main teaching of which was, if you raise flowers, don’t raise flower-destroyers in the shape of “poultry, pigs and puppy dogs.” The Secretary then made his semi-annual report, treating of fruits, berries, spraying, etc., and praised Cass county, Harrisonville and vi- cinity as a fine fruit country. The Treasurer then read his report, showing receipts of $1205.35, and balance on hand of $352.82. The committees for the session were then appointed. After the next number of music the Society adjourned for the evening. WEDNESDAY, June 6—9 a. m. Mr. Gaiennie, of the St. Louis Exposition Company, addressed the meeting. Hesaid they had $1,000,000 invested in the Exposition build- ing and machinery and it cost $2000 per day to run it; their average receipts were $116,000 per year for the last ten years; they had the best musical talent obtainable; after Gilmore, they had engaged Sou- sa’s band, the very best that can be found. He cordially invited the 12 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Society to make an exhibit, and promised to do all he could to make them coméortable and furnish a hall free for exhibits. Counties can make separate exhibits. The President’s reply was, that he could leave the rest to the Horticultural Society. The Secretary said we have some photos of the exhibit made by usin St. Louis in 1888. There were 38 counties represented, and it was one of the most pleasant and satisfactory exhibits we ever made; » we were all treated so agreeably and pleasantly by the Commissioners there, and never failed to receive a hearty response for every request made. There were over 500 barrels of apples there, and 3800 plates of frait in our exhibit. I am sure that Exposition brought many more to the State than any exposition we ever made, and [I am willing, and I know the Society is, to make a good and grand display this fall. I am sure we will reach the people we want to reach by it. THE STRAWBERRY. Papers and speeches were given by Mr. Gilbert, of Thayer, Judge Miller, of Bluffton, Mr. Hopkins, of Springfield, and others, and the subject was then thrown open for general discussion. There were over 50 varieties named and commented on, and among the standard and favorites were Crescent, Greenville, Parker Earle, Beder Wood, Shus- ter Gem, Captain Jack, Cumberland and Sharpless. Mr. Gilbert reported his work, 1? acres of berries, 510 crates; net returns from that and other smaller patches, $1001.88. He has very rocky soil, plants in matted rows and some in hills. Feeds vines with dried blood from Armour Packing Co., at $21 perton. Aboutaspoon- ful to a vine two or three times a year. i Mr. Bremer of Southeast Missouri said good, well-rooted runners of the previous year are the best for starting a new bed, and spring is the best time for planting as well as preparing the soil. Continuous war with the weeds was necessary, and if you take the | trouble to cut the runners you will be surprised at the size and beauty of the berries. He had raised seven berries that filled a quart box. Mr. Hopkins said he cultivated his perries every week during a drouth and had fine berries; Bubach No.5 was the king of berries for — his locality, and Capt. Jack was the best of fertilizers for them. If transplanted in the summer, it should be not less than a week after the crop is gathered. If a new bed is made in the spring, the President said he cut the roots off to three inches; Mr. Gilbert said it did no hy ) harm to leave them on, as he had some trimmed ones to die this spring. — The different fertilizers were then discussed—dried blood, bone dust, ashes, cinders, salt and various articles. One man had salted \ SUMMER MEETING. 13 ground so it looked like snow, and the next year had raised wheat 8 or 10 inches higher than on ground alongside of it, and he had two ‘bunches of wheat to show for it, science to the contrary, that salt is not a fertilizer. Barn-yard manure and red clover were also men- tioned, the former being too full of obnoxious seeds, and the latter too slow of accumulation. The President favored dried blood, and the Vice-President wood ashes. It was suggested that some land was already too rich, and that every one experiment on his own land and report results at next meeting in the winter. Mr. Robinett suggested that he had furnished cans to town people to get their ashes, and had cleaned up all tne back alleys in his town to get them, so the horticul- turists were a good thing to have around a town. The President men- tioned phosphate of bone, made of ground bone and muriatie acid. He did not think salt was a fertilizer, but some land might need salt. while other did not. The question of early and late blooming was discussed, but none had paid particular attention to that. The Crescent was mentioned as a long bloomer; like the Maiden’s Blush apple, the blossoms never all got caught in one frost. It takes a strawberry from 23 to 30 days to tipen from blooming time. Berries to be shipped long distances should be picked by the stem and not handled at all; evening is the best time to pick them, when they are perfectly dry. Plow deep and cultivate shallow. WEDNESDAY, Jane 5—2 p. m. BREEDING STRAWBERRIES Was discussed by Prof. Keffer of the Columbia Experiment ‘station. He said it was on the same principle as breeding animals. The best plants should be selected before blooming, and then the bloom covered away from any possible chance of flying pollen, and after fertilization by the proper berries, the seed should be again planted and kept from other berries, and in five or ten years you will have a pedigreed plant. He has his first seedlings up now on the way to a high pedigree. RASPBERRIES AND BLACKBERRIES. ’ G. P. Turner of Meadville—First get strong healthy plants ; guard against disease. Fall planting is best for blackberries and red rasp- berries, and spring for black raspberries. Do not set too deep, and mulch well to protect from winter. I find more money in growing the plants to sell than the berries, in blackberries. The diseases of the berries were discussed, authracnose in the raspberries and red rust in the blackberries ; some thought it was for want of fertilization, others 14 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. thought it was nature’s way of getting rid of briers, and some that it was in the plants, and they should be cut up and healthy ones pro- cured. Spraying was also advocated asacure. In regard to trim- ming, it was suggested to keep them under three feet high. You must prune according to your land’s strength and the condition of the stalks. SPRAYING. The Secretary gave an exhaustive treatise on the subject, and ad- vocated three sprayings a year of fruit-trees—one’ before any sign of life in the spring and one after the bloom falls, and 12 days after that. ‘The first time with the Bourdeaux mixture, then add two ounces Paris -green per 100 gal. for the other two sprayings, aud look out that your Paris green is not too strong. The Cannon liquid mixture is also good. One gallon will make 100 gallons: it costs $1.50 per gallon. Bourdeaux mixture is made by using 4 lbs. of vitriol and an equal quantity of lime to 50 gallons of water, according to the strength you wish it. Three to 5 lbs. seems to do the work. London purple is also recommended, 1 lb. to 200 gallons of water. It took 7 bris. to spray an orchard of 60 trees with Bour- deaux mixture, 2 lbs. strength, and cost 48 cents per bri. WEDNESDAY, June 5—8 p. m. After music by Maj. Holsinger, a paper was then read on “The New School of Horticulture,” which was followed by music. Paper by Mrs. D. K. Hall, ‘The Memorial Trees of Washington, D. C.,” which was very interesting to all. Paper on the “Progress of Horticulture,” by Miss Longnecker, | read by Mrs. Goodman (the best half of the Secretary). Beginning with the father of us all, Adam, she came down to today, and exalted horticulture, also showing some of the difficulties, and urged all the work to be faithful; if it was not all sunshine, it was elevating for the family and made pure and beautiful homes in our land. A paper was then read from Edwin Walters of Kansas City, on “Horticulture and Geology,” which treated of chemistry, physics and geology, discussing the chemical and geological formation of lands and best for orchards, selecting locations, etc. The porous land is best for orchards. Paper on “The Press and Horticulture” by Mr. Blake of the Rural World. He pronounced them twin sisters. SUMMER MEETING. 15 THURSDAY, June 7—9 a. m. THE APPLE. Papers by Mr. Durkes, of Platte county, and Mr. Homer Reed, of Kansas City, followed by general discussion. The following points were made by the different speakers : Plow your land before planting ; any land that will raise good corn will grow trees. Select good, thrifty trees two years old, no rule as to age of trees ; wrap the trees well to protect from sun, worms and rabbits. Some cut back the top, others do not ; some paid no atten- tion to the roots and others no aitention to the tops; one man sug- gested to give him the roots and you take the tops and see who has apples first. The reply was, the apples didn’t grow on the roots. Keep your orchard planted in corn three or four years; then keep a row or two of corn on the outside for three or four years more as wind-break and bug-feeder. Cultivate around the body of the tree when the soil first gets soft in the spring, and you can plow the rest Jater and harrow all together. The ground should be plowed and har- rowed at least twice a year; some thought a cultivator would do as well, and keep the ground fine and level; dust is nature’s mulch. Spray two or three times a year. Examine the trees every year in June and September for borers ; a knife and a wire are the best ammunition for them. Never allow any stock in the orchard, unless it is hogs or chickens. Much pruning was discouraged, as it made more wood and no fruit. Trim out the cross-branches and let nature do the rest. A report was made of Johnson and Lafayette counties on fruit. The whole root system was pronounced a humbug. Mr. G. A. Dodd, of Sedalia, is a Ben Davis man. Not much hope for trees stung by locusts ; best to plant a new orchard. Judge Miller says he can move a tree from four inches to four feet «through, if he has the proper lifting apparatus, and guarantee it to live. The subject of varieties was then taken up. The trees in an orchard must be mixed, as all of one kind will not fertilize as well as a variety of kinds. Get kinds that bloom about the same time. The Ben Davis, Roman Beauty and Jonathan were recommended—two- thirds Ben Davis and one-third of the others in 40 acres ; distance of planting, 25 feet. The Secretary suggested that our trees might be _ improved by the selection of fine fruit to get seed from, instead of planting the “cider-mill seed,” as a good many nurserymen did, which come from the poorest, knottiest specimens in the orchard. 16 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, Mr. Weaver, of Warrensbarg, explained the ‘‘new process” cider mill. The apples are grated so that every juice cell is broken, and they are pressed by hydraulic pressure of 60 to 100 tons, getting one to two more gallons out of a bushel. The machine is too expensive for indi- vidual use. The Secretary recommended the compressed air sprayer as. costing only $25 or $30, while the others cost from $75 to $80. If you want to make the tree grow, prune in spring; if to bear, prune in June. GRAPES. This subject was discussed by the President, Mr. Chandler of Kan- sas, and others. Train grapes on trellis; have the trellis 8 feet apart and the vines 8 feet apart; two wires on posts a rod apart; first wire 24 feet high and the other 18 inches above that. Cut away all the old wood you can and save 3 canes of new wood, 30 buds each, and trim fan shaped; don’t trim much in sammer; pluck back to within 2 or 3 leaves of the last bunch of grapes; trim the vines in November or De- cember, to 3 canes as above. It don’t pay to rush grape-vines for fruit; should not bear until 3 or 4 years old. Dort take off laterals. the first year, as they help form root for future use; cultivate between rows shallow; never cultivate beyond the 4th of July; after that time scalp the weeds. It being after the noon hour and the audience uneasy, the meeting was closed rather abruptly, and adjourned for the session on account of so many having to leave in the afternoon on the different trains. The Vice-President, Mr. Murray, made a farewell address, and ex- pressed his pleasure at the cordial welcome of the citizens of Harri- sonville and the beautiful drive, good music, etc. He advised the immediate commencement of fruit culture in the neighborhood of Har- risonville on a large scale, and expressed surprise that there was so little of it done here. The committee on resolutions reported the fol- lowing: Resolved, That we return thanks to the good people of Harrisonville for the interest they have taken inthe meeting, and the ladies for the beautiful flowers that adorn the platform, and the musicians (naming them) for the sweet music they furnished ; and the railroads for the rates|given, and the Schell house for the reduced rates given us, and the local press for their kind words of encouragement for the cause, and to the citizens for the pleasant carriage drive ; and we shallever thank them, and shallremember with much pleasure Harrisonville and her good people. CHAS. C. BELL, chairman. Pres. Evans—I have to say in parting, we hope at some time in the future to come back, and after the advice of our Vice-President find a new Harrisonville and a new Cass county. The selection “Slumber song,” a cornet solo rendered by Frank Clements, composed by M. Theo. Frain, and sang at this place during the Presbyterian concert here last April by Mrs. Mayo- Rhodes, received an enthusiastic ovation. SUMMER MEETING. ply The following report, made by one of our most enthusiastic fruit growers, of Platte county, J. J. Blakley, was printed in the “ Land- mark,” of Platte City, and gives sucha sort of general view of the fruit interests that I deem it very proper to use it in this connection. SEC’Y. Horticulture—What Missouri Is Doing. Editor ‘*Landmark:” ; Perhaps it may interest some of your readers to tell of our trip to Harrisonville, attending the semi-annual meeting of the Missouri State Horticultural Society. Mrs. Blakley and myself left Platte City on Tuesday morning at 4a. m., arriving at our destination at 12:20 p.m. And here it may not be out of place to give a short history of this noted organization: The Missouri State Horticultural Society was organized 35 years ago by a body of men who were greatly interested in the improvement of our fruits and flowers, and in the advancement of all that pertains to horticulture. This organization has been main- tained for over a generation; notwithstanding the many discourage- ments of extreme heat, cold, drouth, excessive rain and insect foes, the Society has held its regular meetings without exception, in differ- ent portions of the State, every year since its organization. That its influence for good has been wide-spread, I need only point to the fact that the sales of fruit have increased from compara- tively nothing to $10,000,000 in the year 1891—1892 and 1893 not be- ing nearly so much. Many noted men have been officers of this Society, such as Nor- man J. Colman, oar first Commissioner of Agriculture; Maj. Ragan of Independence, Mo., now deceased; George Hussman, now of Napa, Cal., who is recognized all over the world as one of the best authori- ties on the “grape”—his work on that subject being accepted without question by all horticulturists; Judge Samuel Miller, of Montgomery county, known to all readers of Colman’s Rural World as one of the best writers on horticulture, and is standard authority as its hortical- tural editor—besides being a contributor to many other magazines and papers of kindred nature, and many others too numerous to men- tion. This Society has been maintained by the contributions of its mem- bers and whatever aid the Legislature has given it, until 1893, when - the Legislature instituted and created the Missouri State Horticultural Society a body corporate, with power to sue and be sued, complain and defend in all courts, etc., and dingehed that it shduld pe ComRanert H—2 Fi as ’ 18 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. of such persons as take an interest in the advancement of horticulture in this State, who shall apply for membership, and pay into the Society treasury the sum of $1 per year, or $10 for life membership. The officers of the Society at present are as follows: President—Hon. J. C. Evans of Clay county, a man whom many of you know familiarly as “Bud Evans,” high in authority on horti- culture, and universally respected and loved by all who know him. Vice-President—Hon. N. F. Murray, member of the 37th General Assembly from Holt county, an educated gentleman, whose birth-place is Virginia, but who can say more hearty good words for his adopted State, “Grand Old Missouri,” than any one I have ever heard talk; a practical horticulturist and an enthusiast in his calling. Second Vice-President—Judge Samuel Miller, mentioned above— whom to know is to admire and respect. A Pennsylvanian by birth, but a resident of Missouri for many years. Secretary—Hon. L. A. Goodman, of Westport, Mo. A Michigander by birth, an educated, practical horticulturist, a ready debater, and an indefatigable worker for the success of the Society and horticulture in general; devotes all his time to the work of the Society, and to him is due a great share of its honors. Treasurer—A. Nelson, of Laclede county, a very practical man, an investigator and experimenter in the secrets of the soils, improved methods of cultivation, originator of new fruits, vegetables, and im- provement of the old by cross-breeding—a pleasant, companionable gentleman, with whom it is a pleasure to converse. Such is a brief mention of the officers of the Society. To the Missouri State Horticultural Society the people of this State are indebted for the highest honors and awards at the World’s Fair at New Orleans, also for the many magnificent displays of fruit at the several St. Louis expositions, and for the finest exhibit of fruit at the Chicago fair (California alone excepted), and to my mind Missouri excelled California’s diplay, because of its great sameness, while Mis- souri had an endless variety. The St. Louis Exposition Company sent a representative to Harrisonville and placed the entire horticultural exhibit in the hands of the Missouri State Horticultural Society to manage as they see fit, with the very choicest space in the building alloted to them for their use for the fall of 1894; which the Society accepted, and visitors to St. Louis this fall may expect something fine in that department. Well, we were met at the depot at Harrisonville by Secretary Goodman, and in company with President Evans and wife, Major Hol- singer of Rosedale, Kansas, Vice-President Murray and wife, and other iN 7 . 6 SUMMER MEETING. 19 members whom I did not know, we were driven to the hotel Schnell, and after partaking of dinner, met at the opera-house, where we found @ fine collection of apples that were exhibited at Chicago fair, and again exhibited at the winter meeting at Fulton last December, and kept in cold storage until shipped to Harrisonville. They were in good condition, the large beautiful specimens of such as Ben Davis, Ingram, York Imperial, Yellow Newtown Pippin, Huntsman Favorite and many others being very tempting to usall. Boxes of fine strawberries, black raspberries, currants, gooseberries, cherries, were arranged upon tables adjoining the apple display, and were very fine indeed. A large collec- tion of cut flowers and plants was arranged with rare taste upon the stage by the ladies of the city, and were contributed from private gar- dens; also fine floral designs by the home florist; also some fine bas- kets exhibited by Mr. Kellogg, a florist from Pleasant Hill, 12 miles away—the whole exhibit being the admiration of all who were fortu- nate enougn to see it. The afternoon was very pleasantly spent in renewing old acquaint- ances, and making new ones, until at 8 p. m. the first session was held, with a fine attendance of members and not less than 200 visitors. A welcome address by Dr. Abraham of the city, response by Vice-Presi- dent Murray, and prayer by the Methodist minister of the city, and music by a most excellent brass band of Harrisonville, with the read- ing and discussion of the subjects of the program, interspersed with music on the piano by Mrs. Allen, accompanied with violin by Mr. Allen, and on the cornet by Mr. Clements, made the sweetest music I ever heard. This constituted the evening session. Time will not permit nor your space allow a minute description of each session. Suffice it to say that there were held three sessions each day and night, with a constant attendance of 300 to 400 persons. I do not know that I have ever seen a more intelligent, refined and elegantly dressed and hospitable people than the citizens of Harrison- ville and Cass county. Every one seemed glad to meet you, and all visitors were invited to private homes during their stay, if they pre- ferred to go. On Wednesday evening, at 4 p. m., we were treated to an elegant drive in the country four or five miles, and across two miles to another road, and back to the city on a different road. It required 13 to 15 carriages and surreys to hold all that desired to go— the carriages, surreys and teams being very nice —a credit toa much larger city. Representatives of the Harrisonville Democrat were present, and ex- tended many courtesies to the members. There were reporters from aany other papers present, among whom was Mr. A. J. Blake, of Col- 20 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. man’s Rural World, in which paper will be published at length the pro- ceedings of the meeting. A very enjoyable feature of these meetings. was the music. One evening, a chorus of female voices; the next eve- ning, a chorus of male voices, interspersed with solos on the cornet, accompanied by the piano and violin. By special request Mr. Clements rendered the beautiful Scotch air “ Annie Laurie,” on the cornet, accompanied by Mrs. Allen on the piano, which brought down the house. Every one was delighted with it. Prominent among the members of the Society present, whom L knew, was Mr. W. R. Keller, who has probably handled as much fruit. as any man in Missouri— commencing buying strawberries in car lots. in February, in Texas and other southern states, and as the season advances, following the berries north until the season closes, and so with all the other fruits—having handled apples from Maine to Cali-. fornia. He is well posted on the business end of fruit-growing Another Platte countian, Maj. J. C. Anderson, now of Independ- ence, Jackson county, attended the meeting, having large interests in Howell county, Mo. Heis putting out 75 acres in grapes, and was. there to learn all he could about the business. Judge Samuel Miller of Montgomery county, who bas almost an experiment station of his own, tests all new fruits, has probably over 100 varieties of strawberries for trial, and is undisputed authori ty on such matters. Heis now 74 years of age and in good health, and as active as many much younger men. Conrad Hartzell of Buchanan county, the inventor of a plan to keep apples, has kept apples in fair condition as long as four years. Also the inventor of a plow, as he says, to move the earth and culti- vate the lower farm—plow 16 inches deep, with a 16-inch furrow slice, with three mules or horses. : I could go on and mention many more prominent persons that were present, who have from 5 to 100 acres in fruit, but space forbids. I write this to show our people that we are behind the times in the fruit business. We have one of the best counties in Northwest Mis- souri, and Northwest Missouri, the Platte purchase in particular, has. the best land in the world. We know it, and yet not many strangers know where Platte county is. I have never yet seen a display of our products at either St. Louis, Kansas City or St. Joseph fairs. You will see displays of a dozen Kansas counties at our Kansas City fair, which advertises them and is worth thousands of dollars to them. We should make county displays at St. Louis, Kansas City and St. Joseph, and our citizens should contribute the funds necessary to carry it out. It would pay for the county court to help liberally in this matter. SUMMER MEETING. 21 Being well repaid for our trip, we arrived at Beverly at 10:30 p. m., where, owing to the failure of the delivery of a telegram, we spent a most enjoyable (may be) night without fire, with a corrugated steel- armed, cross-barred bench for a bed. To fally and completely enjoy a trip, you should never fail to telegraph from Kansas City for a team to meet you at 10 o’clock at night. You will then have an opportunity to round up your trip just right. JESSE J. BLAKLEY. Welcome Address—Dr. I. M. Abraham. Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: When, as citizens of Harrisonville and Cass county, we were informed through the public press that the semi-annual meeting of the State Horticultural Society would assemble in the city, we were glad. While we would welcome to our city and to the grand old agricul- tural county of Cass any convention of our feilow-citizens, it is par- ticularly gratifying to us to have the privilege to entertain a society composed largely of the representative men of this great common- wealth. Why I should have been selected to perform so pleasant a duty I donot know, but now, inthe nama and by the authority of the good people of Harrisonville and Cass county, I welcome you, ladies and gentlemen, to our homes and hospitalities. Diversified industries. are the basis of state and national wealth and prosperity, and we wel- come you gladly, because we recognize you «as laborers, and as we believe pioneer laborers, in an industry that is already second only to the State’s agricultural productions asa source of pleasurable sub- gtantiality and of revenue. We hope no one will take alarm when we say that men are usually influenced in their business life largely through selfish motives. The farmer, the manufacturer, the merchant, the laborer, as well as those who crowd the ranks of the professions, arevery largely influenced in their eager desire for success through motives of selfishness; and this is right. Selfishness unrestrained is a monster of iniquity and op- pression, but properly restrained it is the lever that moves the world’s industries. But while you, ladies and gentlemen, are sufficiently selfish in the prosecution of your work to look to and labor for a money reward, itis your province peculiarly to contribute to the gratification of man’s zesthetic tastes. The world’s industries are pushed forward largely, as we have intimated, looking only to the grosser—the money reward. It 22 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. is yours to cultivate the virtues, the graces and the finer feelings of our natures ; to contribute not only to our physical wants and necessi- ties, but to lay an embargo upon every fruit that your patient toil has brought to such marvelous perfection, and scatter it broadcast to sat- isfy the tastes of an exacting civilization. Ladies and Gentlemen: Your Society, from a small beginning, has, under your wise con- duct, grown until it is recognized today as one of the prime factors which are to be instrumental in having Missouri to, in the near future, assume the position to which her possibilities entitle her, as the Empire State of the American Union. The world has heard of her iron, lead, zine, coal, stone, timber, and her wonderful agricultural possibilities ; but it is left to you, gentlemen, to show to the world that Missouri is the greatest fruit State on the continent, California by no means ex- cepted. Then, ladies and gentlemen, whether you are here from our sister State of Kansas, whether you come to us with the rich soil of the “Platte purchase” clinging to your sandals, whether your garments carry the aroma of the smoke of the wonderful young city at the mouth of the Kaw, or whether you hail from the classic shades of the Ozarks, we welcome you. If, when your labors shall have ended here, and you return to your homes and to your people, you can do so, feel- ing that we have inany way made your stay with us pleasant, we will be glad ; andif, in the prosecution of your work in the future, you can look back to your meeting here with kindly remembrances, that know- ledge, could we feel its impulse, would make us feel that we had been mutually benefited and blessed by this short acquaintanceship. Flowers in the Home. Mrs. Edgar Dean, Harrisonville. Am I interested in floriculture and lawn decoration? Why, of couse I am, and I ean tell you the most successful way to fail in this branch of horticulture, for out of a woman’s own experience can she speak the truth. First, be sure you have a yard full of chickens, of all ages and sizes, and all of the most surprising energy and zeal in upturning the soil around your most treasured plants. When you are sure of this first element of failure, make up your mind that around a sunny bay- window is just the place for a rose border; that you have a most charmingly shady nook for ferns, a half shaded one for pansies, and down in front is a nice place for a bed of foliage plants. SUMMER MEETING. 23 When your mind is made up on these points, it will not take long, if you have tact, to convince “the dearest man in the world” that he needs out-door exercise, and needs it to the extent of several dozen wheel-barrow loads of garden soil, leaf-mold and earth from the stable yard. He will not object nor complain of tired back or aching shoul- ders. Ob, vo. The wily man looks into the future, and sees the’ crumbling of all your plans, the end of all your rose-colored hopes» and smiling calmly to himself, he awaits the time that is surely coming when his “I thought as much” will repay him for all this labor. Now your beds are ready, and you, in the meantime, have seen in the magazines glowing advertisements of plants whose species must have come down direct from Hden, unharmed by the “thorns also and thistles,” which Adam was told should forever curse the ground, and unchanged by the flight of 6000 years. So perfect are they, so gor- geous, that you think of their beauty by day, and your dreams at night are filled with their loveliness and fragrance. All this splendor is offered you fora mere song. Sixteen or twenty superb plants for a dollar. Your housewifely economy and American gullibility get the better of your common-sense. Of course, you know you can get nice plants at your own green- house, but then, you have seen them, and they do not compare with those wonders of the floral catalogues. So you send several dollars to these generous advertisers, and when you have waited till you have almost forgotten you ever made the order, and your beds, once so soft and loamy, are all packed down, except in spots where the aforesaid chickens have scattered the loose dirt for yards around over vour sod, you get, through the mail, a package slightly larger than a match-box, containing your sixty, eighty or one hundred magnificent plants. With a sold-out feeling you open the box, and by the aid of a microscope you might discover faint signs of life in some of the dry- looking sticks. Hope revivesa little; your determination is undaunted ; you put out these sorry specimens of plant-life and shade them from the sun, which this time of waiting has brought round to its June in- tensity of heat. You go to bed that night thinking that flower-garden- ing is not without its discouragements after all. The next week or two you spend in coaxing and anxiously watch- ing, till you are rewarded by the appearance of one, two, three, or perhaps a half-dozen tiny green leaves. Now it is that your chickens begin their part of the work by carefully picking off every leaf, though the yard is full of other verdure from which a thousand leaves would not be missed. 24 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Another week brings signs of other leaves, and up come your hopes again; but the kings and queens of the barnyard are seized with a desire for an earth-bath, and out come your rose-bushes, root and branch. You chase away the “Goths,” only to make room for the “ vandals,” for you relax your vigil an hour to attend some other duty, and, returning, you find that the young dog (age anywhere from six weeks to three months) has gone mole-hunting in your pansy-bed, and then laid himself down amid the coolness of your ferns to medi- tate upon the ruin he has wrought. If, perchance, one or two plants surmount all these obstacles (which is not probable) and put forth an effort to bloom, the baby nips that effort in the bud, and you turn your attention exclusively to potted plants, firmly convinced that the lawn is not your field of labor. Now, the moral of my “tale of woe” may be summed up in three “dont’s:” First—Don’t be deceived by high-sounding advertisements. Second—Don’t send away for what you can buy at home. Third—If you mean to have a flower-garden, don’t set your heart on poultry, pigs or puppies; for I think Owen Meredith had just tried all together when he sang— **The man who seeks one thing in life, and but one, May hope to achieve it before life be done; But he who seeks all things, wherever he goes, Only reaps from the hopes which around him he sows, A harvest of barren regrets.’’ SECRETARY’S REPORT. L. A. GoopMan. Another six months of cold and heat, rain and shine, snow and hail, drouth and floods, frost aud sunshine, light and darkness, has passed, and we are still working away ir our old road in and out, mak- ing a well-beaten road instead of the old ruts we used to make by fol- lowing directly in one another’s track. There never was a time when fruit-growers were working on independent lines more than now; every one seems to be studying out something new, or rather watching nature and finding out somethiog newin their several departments. It is this continual experimenting, persistent testing, the results of which we everywhere see in our State, that is causing people to look to our fruit men for information in this regard. The result of the warm winter and the cold blizzard of January 25th and the still later one of March 25th, and last ofall, May 18th, you all know. The fruit-trees never went into winter quarters better than they did last fall, and the hope of the fruit man was bright, and as the future seemed bright, the nurseryman also felt the impulse, anda bright market seemed to open for his surplus stock. The peach crop was all killed on the first mentioned day, January 25th, and other fruits injured more or less. We seemed to recover from this blow and adapt ourselves io the circumstances, just as all Americans do in such cases, when two months later the rest of our hopes seem to have had a severe shock, and for a time we were fear- ful that all the rest of the fruit was gone. But after recovery from the scare and damage done, we find that there will be plenty of fruit of many kinds. The apple, which is the great fruit for our State, will be a very fair crop indeed, taking the State as a whole. While there are many young orchards of 7 or 8 or 9 years that have not the crop that we would like to see them have, or that they could well have, yet we find the older ones holding, in many places, all that they should have. In fact, 26 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. if on the first of June you find that the apples can be seen scattered over the trees here and there, you may be sure of a faircrop. They make very little showing now, but they will at ripening time. The cherry crop will be a fair one also in the central and northern parts of the State, as also the plam; while both of them will be rather searce in the southern part of the State. The strawberry crop, although light, yet prices have ruled rather low, and the prospect for an advance in prices not very bright. The great surplus of berries thrown on the market from Texas, Tenn., Ga. and Ark., put prices so low that they will hardly recover in time to help our fruit-growers; especially is this true in the larger cities. The raspberry crop will be only a half-crop, and it is very likely that prices will be better maintained ; for they are not grown to such great extent in the South as is the strawberry. The blackberry will bea very good one indeed, and we may expect. low prices for them. The grapes never did look better or promise more than now. Everywhere we find the vines healthy and fall of promise. While in many cases the failure will work quite a hardship upon the fruit-grower, yet in this time of depression, the man that has a great variety of fruitsin bearing is in much better condition than many a thousand others all over the land. While we may expect discourage- ment, yet we know that results will come if we follow our business intelligently. In and about your little city are very many choice locations for this prefitable business. Here you have the peculiar soil just suited for the production of the best fruits in quantity and quality also. These light timber lands are most peculiarly adapted to fruit-growing. These hills and ridges are just the home for fruits, and all the fruits can be grown to perfection, except that the peach buds are liable to be winter-killed. The peculiar location of Harrisonville upon the head waters of the Grand river, the altitude of the same, the peculiar growth of tim- ber, all go to show tbat the lands here are rich in tree growth, and will produce profitably. Then the railroads diverging from your city cannot. be found in another city of its size in the State, and give openings for the reaching of markets in all directions, both the larger cities and the smaller towns about the State. It will pay you people here to take hold of this in earnest, and make it a means of bringing in much money into your community. SUMMER MEETING. 27 County societies have been increasing in number since last we met, and interest seems to be awakened in very many new localities. Shannon county, Madison county, Miller county and St. Francois county have all taken hold of the fruit business, and are letting people know what they have in the way of fruit lands, developing their own lands and studying how best to grow the fruits and care for them. All these county workers accomplish much more than any of them think ; their influence spreads and grows as their knowledge increases. It is the old story of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, ete., and the results are often not seen until many years after. The social gathering of these meetings, the discussions of all tronbles, trials, successes and failures, cannot but be of help to every one in their line of work. After our return from the work of packing up at Chicago the exhibit there shown for six months, and its shipment to the St. Louis Exposition, I received a number of letters from the general manager, Mr. Frank Gaiennie, asking me to take charge of the exhibit there for the show next fall. After a number of letters back and fortb, I told him that I would accept if the Executive Committee of this Society would sanction an exhibit this fall, and the Society would lend its. influence and assistance and the Exposition would bear the expense of the display. In answer, I received the following letters: ST. LOUIS, Feb. 22, 1894. Mr. L. A. GOODMAN, Secretary Horticultural Society, Westport, Mo.: Dear Sir—I wlsh now to say I will accept your kind offer of co-operation, and willnow state what my object is: that is, to have most of the fruit in the jars replaced, and to {have an exhibit of this year’s fruit similar to the one at the Chicago fair, showing the fruits on plates. Iwill be glad to have your jadvice in regard to |how I shall|proceed, which I pro- pose to place under your direction. Please write me fully, and oblige, Yours truly, FRANK GAIENNIE, General Manager. St. Louis, Mo., March 5, 1894. Mr. L. A. GOODMAN, Jefferson City, Mo.: Yours of March 3 to hand and noted. Can I depend upon you to assist mein doing whatever is necessary? I will arrange whatever is necessary to procure the necessary fruit and etc.,so as to make a creditable display. I will soon begin to put the whole business in shape. Awaiting your favorable reply, Yours truly, FRANK GAIENNIE, General Manager. I then wrote to every member of the Executive Committee, and they expressed themselves in favor of the Society taking hold of this. matter and making a grand display of fruits in St. Louis at its Expo- sition this next fall. 28 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOOIETY. OREGON, MO., March 7, 1894, Friend GOODMAN : Your favor tohand. In reply will say 1am in favor of holding on to our Chicago ex- hibit, and you have my vote in the matter to do with it as you think best. Yours truly, N. FF. MURRAY. I record my vote also. L. A. GOODMAN, LAKE CHARLES, LA., March 17, 1894. Yours referring to the Exposition at St. Louis received just now. You have my vote in the matter, and as I am going home soon will do allI can toward the matter. Yours truly, S. MILLER. LEBANON, MO , March 8, 1894. Friend GOODMAN : Tam with you on the Fruit exhibit and also keeping hold of the World’s Fair exhibit. Yes, Tam with you on the Fruit exhibit, asl am looking for an apple crop this year Truly yours, A. NELSON. I then wrote Mr. Gaieunie the result of the vote in the matter, and the fact that he could depend upon the assistance of the Horticultural Society. St. Louis, Mo., March 12, 1894. Mr’ L. A. GOODMAN, Westport, Mo.: Dear Sir—Yours of the 9th, with the very gratifying intelligence that you have received the acquiescence of the Committee of the State Horticultural Society, and you will do what you can to make the exhibit a success, tohand. Ishall proceed to put the exhibit in shape, and as soon as it is done, shall be glad to have you come down and look over same and see what condition it is in; and upon consultation will arrange for the exhibit. K Yours truly, FRANK GAIENNIE, General Manager. When our program was ready Isent Mr. Gaiennie one of them, and received the following in response, which I answered, “that we should be glad to hear something definite, and should be pleased to have him or a representative present at our meeting. They would be welcome.” ST. Louis, May 12, 1894. L. A. GOODMAN, Westport, Mo.: Dear Sir—I have received under cover a notice of the semi-annual meeting of the State Horticultural Soclety, at Harrisonville Mo.,on June5,6and7. I am pleased to note the fact, besides being very much interested as a citizen of Missouri, in the proper encourage- ment and promotion of the horticultural interest of the State of Missouri, and the great benefit that will be derived by giving that interest proper publication, as we expect to do when we will have the exhibit this year, as you know, at our Exposition. I hope the meet- ing will be successful. I wish to ask youina friendly way, whether you do not believe it will be a good thing for a representative of the Exposition to be present. I ask you frankly, and will be very glad to do anything I can to make it a success in any way which you may suggest. Yours truly, FRANK GAITENNIE, General Manager. ST. LOvuIS, May 17, 1894. L. A. GOODMAN, Westport, Mo : Dear Sir—Yours of the 15th to hand and noted. I shall do my very best to be present at the meeting. We shall endeavor to reproduce in our Sculpture hall, which you will re- member is the place in which you had your exhibit before, the shelving and decorations had in Chicago. The center of the Hall will be dedicated to the Agricultural exhibit that | was also in Chicago. The Sculpture hall is 60ft. by 80ft.; of course there are openings and windows which will have to be deducted. We can give you other places at the head of the steps for the overflow, or any additional space you may require. I am now engaged in —— ee SUMMER MEETING. 29 assorting the ‘exhibit, and will soon begin to putitup. Ishall endeavor to bring with me a plat of the hall. Weshall be glad to place in cold storage anything that will be consigned to us for that exhibit. I shall undertake to do everything in my power to make the exhibit worthy of the horticultural interest of the State of Missouri. Hope to see you in Harrisonville, when I can better explain, Yours truly, FRANK GAIENNIE, General Manager. As you will see, therefore, we will take charge for this Society of the exhibit to be made in St. Louis, and from the prospects of the fruit crop now before us, we can have a display that will be worthy of our State and Society. My plan would be much the same as that of 1888, where each county made its display distinct, and thus got credit for all done, and the State took credit for it all. By this plan every county will get. credit for everything sent from that county, and it will appear in its display. The rooms offered by the Exposition are the. most beautiful rooms in the building, and we can make a very fine show there. Other side rooms will be supplied if more room is needed. It would be well, as I suggested to Mr. Gaiennie, that we arrange with some cold storage company in St. Louis to care for our earlier fruits, and thus have a complete fruit display. I think that we can arrange with the express companies to carry fruit at half rates at least for this show, and that willbe much helptous. Plans willbe concluded by the Executive Committee, or at least furthered, at this meeting, in consultation with Mr. Gaiennie, which the Society will no doubt ap- prove. * Spraying is such an important matter in our work now, and one in which there is so much uncertainty, that it is an appropriate subject to take up at any time. There can be no question but that, if the proper spray is used, in the proper season, of the proper strength, and applied in the proper manner and in the proper way, that good results will follow. Another thing is true, and that is that this spraying must be done each and every year, with just as much care and regularity as is the cultivation and care of the orchard itself. As well may we expect that one plowing of an old neglected orchard would be a pana- cea for our orchards, as to expect that one spraying would accomplish the results we so much wish. Those who have tested it most and longest say that the best results begin to show only after two or three, or even four, years’ systematic spraying—just as the orchardist says that the best results come from three or four years of thorough calti- 30 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOOIETY. vation. The sprayer must be one of the most important machines to be used in orchards, vineyards and small fruit plantations that fruit- growers can have, and is becoming as important a factor in fruit-grow- ing as the plow, cultivator, hoe or knife. But many an improvement is yet to be made in our spraying apparatas before we reach the desired end we wish for. All the sprayers take too much work to pump them, and the force is too vari- able to cause a steady spray at all times. For large orchards a power machine is needed; but none of them work to the satisfaction of the orchardist, and the same may be said of the hand-sprayers. Mr. Wm. Byers, of the Olden Fruit Company, has put on an im- provement that seems to me the most important one that has yet ap- peared or been suggested by any person. It can be used with a power pump or hand-pump on a wagon platform. He uses for the air-chamber of the pump the large hot-water tanks that are used in the kitchen stoves to give hot water to the house where water-works are established. He pumps the water direct into the bottom of these tanks, and the large air-chamber of these tanks creates a powerful pressure that will last for four or five min- utes after the pump stops working. These tanks are about four feet high and a foot in diameter, and made very strong, capable of sustaining a pressure of 300 lbs. Any of the ordinary spray-pumps will give a pressure of 100 lbs. to 1201bs. and will sustain that for some minutes after the pump stops working. The spray-pipe goes to very near the bottom of the tank and passes out of the top, where two hose and nozzles are attached, giving two good strong sprays. An extra hose runs to the barrel to keep the liquid agitated. The same plan is used when the power pump is used. A sprocket wheel is fastened on the hind wheel of the wagon and an endless chain © attached to a-rotary pump, and power enough is given so that when the wagon stops the spray continues for some time. The cost of such a power pump and tank, all complete, need not be more than $25 or $30, instead of $75 or $80, as do all the power machines now in use. The Worlild’s Fair matters have all been settled up, and the Com- ‘mission have paid to the Society all moneys expended for the display made there. Money had been advanced all along through the year by — = *, SUMMER MEETING. on the Society to pay for fruit, express and expenses in coliecting of fruit, which has all now been repaid to the Society. But the amount of money paid by our President, Mr. Evans, has never been returned to him. No doubt it will be paid, but this put- ting aside an honest debt is not the fair way of treating our President. As you all know, the medals taken at Chicago show nothing of ‘value or of instruction. There is no such thing as merit in them. Every display worthy gets the same medal or diploma, no matter if the exhibit was 1000 plates or 10,000 plates. The work of the Society and the Secretary is more or less that of a teacher or aninstructor. Some things [ can answer, others I can- not. The insect questions are referred to Miss Murtfeldt unless I am very sure of the matter. It would astonish you to know of the questions that are con- tinuously pouring in upon us. The work and experience of the last 20 years give us, in most instances, the correct information, but when some persons demand just the best way to plant trees or vines, to prune them, the surest locations, the exact time of cultivation ; the cor- rect dates for each of the sprayings to be done, the exact mixture to use and just how soon results will show; the best location in the State for a fruit farm; the cost of land, the cost of planting, just how soon the fruits will pay; just how many bushels, quarts or lbs. of fruit you can expect each year, just how much they will bring, how much per cent the orchard or vineyard will pay on the investment; where the best markets are; whoare the honest commission men; where they can get good land near the railroad, how they can homestead the same; where they can buy a farm for $1000 or $3000, and how much the farm will pay, so that they can at once move their family to it without ex- pense of atrip; how best to begin when they know nothing about it, and can they succeed if they undertake it; if I will go with them and help locate and plant the farm; if there is such a thing as failure in the fruit business; are there not new and better methods of growing fruits so that more money can be made on the same? if it is true that apple orchards in North Missouri will pay $200 per acre; if berries do pay 1000 per acre; where are the geological formations of such and such a character? give me the composition of the soils of South Missouri, of the Missouri river bluffs, of North Missouri—and then you will begin to understand some of the questions we are expected to answer. 32 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. If the State would give us $10,000 per year, a geologist, entomol- ogist, pathologist, botanist, chemist and half dozen fruit-growers, we could not answer the questions. This much we are proud to say, that the work of the State Society has brought to the attention of other states the great desirability of Missouri as a bome for those who want a better climate, good soil, plenty of timber, abundance of water, rain in due season, and the best of fruits in their season. Hundreds of home-seekers are flocking to the State because of efforts made by the Society during the last ten years. The desirabie cheap lands of Missouri cannot be found elsewhere in all the United States, and, after this long, people are just beginning to find it out, and are now occupying them. Many a letter have I written answering the questions of how, when and where to plant; how, when and what to prune; when to spray and to cultivate. In answering these letters, sometimes two or three pages are necessary, and many hours’ time are devoted to the work. I have visited a number of our local societies, and found them all strong factors in the development of the fruit interests of the State. The work is one of growth and development, and each year finds more and more the necessity of a system of direct information to all our fruit men and women. Your help, your experience, is to be the basis of all this work, and the Society to be the means of dissemi- nating this information. Our State report is a valuable one, and one that will be called for more than ever. Our edition of 3500 will not be enough to supply the demand, and I suggest to our local societies to be carefal in the distri- bution, that they all go where they are of use. The picture of the oldest fruit-grower in the State—one who has done much to spread information—will be gladly welcomed by many who have never seen the kindly face of Samuel Miller. The three pictures of the display at Chicago will give only a partial idea of the fruits there shown or the amount of work it caused, and yet, to those who have not seen, it will be an intimation. Already the call has been a large one for copies, and I have just begun to scatter them. . | The Printing Commission have kindly reprinted the report of 1882 and 1873, of which there were only a few copies in existence. I can SUMMER MEETING. 33 now supply them to those who have a file, or nearly a file of the re- ports. So few have been printed that it will not be possible to scatter them otherwise. A few complete sets of them are known in the State, and they are very valuable indeed. I am having calls for sets of our reports from many of the experimental stations, but am unable to supply them. The further work of the Society it is not necessary for me to out- line or worry your patience with. It is one of growth and success wherever we may be; one of instruction and influence wherever we may meet; one of. enthusiasm and direction to all who are willing to learn. . We meet you, friends and workers, in this beautiful city, sur- rounded as it is by as grand a country as can be found in the world; a city whose four railroads lead to all parts of the State; a country especially adapted to the growth of fruits, if you wiil but use what na- ture has given you; a country which will blossom like the rose, and fruit in abundance, if you will but use the material placed at your dis- posal. I look to see thousands of acres of berries and other fruits in bearing about your city, giving employment to hundreds of people, and bringing money into your pockets in abundance. To that end we hope to work with you in opening up this mine of wealth in this and all other parts of the State. TREASURER’S REPORT. A. NELSON. . 1893. "RECEIPTS. 12 Mee sericea Balance ON WANG. 20 cactie ov seins pin toaplaeinid s alvrbie'9'e e eivnia eletele aia i Pel ee ete 25 IPP DOW TMNT cio aca a a iaroisinlnle® stepetolevaietot= eieleeteuorsletvidve Matele vis als hele sea 6 35 PRIN G INNO te eect cie sae os ear lete oat wie lattes eset ates ote rom sip eee ona aces) SONGD) WATTATIEIN OG: 54 res Penh eae olele wc cbc ae ale Bale eieinse blethe na el eletele | ae 16 60 MiG E26. < 255% L, A. Goodman— Trip to Jere, CltyrAma rrenmans a. ee ck ale ainisee core eee 8 55 Two weeksiat Jett .City OD EPO iiss i ivis < Seis «icici ae olmisto eietcletele Jj 50 1 SO Be 0) 1 Re Ue ae I he Fatt 8 A ete a A eM BRR Snr von ooo. 17 34 WDLESS I: ss wha cei eke ok noha es tysip nim iate nie lptetelotarele ale. sla(a'e @antapetatets tetas 2 95 SEATIOMCT VY eater ncaa nian Acie nd ak Acpiaenen ee Wats Shee be rene 3 68 Salary for Secretary for March acaloa winieeidiods = bina, seis bet eee 66 66) Warrant NO: 25b iis ciecc wate wae oh ocie letae taictele clete notre tacslela tele teats ater an 116 68 10 h ay. ae Hudson & Kimberly Publishing Co.— Nour half-tone: Cuts reise tl tose: cde «ee eee cer eae e Rene 45 50 Seven letter-heads and plate... 36 00 Fourteen half-tone impressions 22 00 Warrant INO & 256 sic sacs Dab tiec ace ote ayeeiele clalele ohble Bhoteteweiete totes ate riers ater 105 50 ADE! 265.2 xz MTripito Jefl. City: ANG) TELUTI. qi. /o ic cc « «sie ape 0 sie) ctnrsioiels(e += 5 oh peraist3 es 12 5A Trip to Springfield and TeturMe 2. sce ese cee e occ dee sens PRAIA SOO 12 80 Tripito Holden Ang TEtWUM, ose asree alaestanae ds aia ley wots > siaeslealoeitee 4 60) PE ODS. oo ok cee cadet ck anes wien te cetomiers orewminleracs ap leeyo ks trae neta 28 25 WAI ATIE NOs) 2015 oi s:arc oc iajo win dle airs era's wre rta niente /olelnistei pile © sie 5 five oo:a1ata| eevee 58 20 SUMMER MEETING. 35 TREASURER’S REPORT—Continnued. April 26..... IDR-g BRST eA Lea. cade came Brn te COP: CBR ODT et GRaOntl: SaR OC AORE rier totes 30 Pt Lee TODOTE! ft ie cee soe. sleis te wae bleide oP aks so ete een $4 50 Maa Ots OCLC EAL Vail GFE AEM oc k ccvebicic creme aot slapaie sneie tebere aiaes diaiers ake 66 66 \ifeiigufelial mie (Oe wa\s Mocha ie Moe AR CES CInA AAaH Gbthen Intranets SACOCO Dat ect pleco aaah ae $71 46 apa Me bse Ree EEL EMULIT ET MIME AINE OO a5, 5 aie. of join 401d) f= + 2:0) e%mjel eloteie cieieucia's sleieivia wales oe Relete 3 50 ee 20 a) Sees ee Pees aoe Seem Presi yon orice ae iG > 8 40 Wi AIT INGpp ea Mec ceytacee « epicis ce ae piens store bs eertearefetejelaha uo'e weve a 6 btu [ae cies © 11 90 SMV Mi iaas.« <7. A. Nelson (money paid out for World’s Fair) .................... 11 50 RU ERTTISEA TS LAPIN GD pe OU cleus Srartce. Neate eye ni chatane (oC re ojala areata em avatars , AOS rot -P Aesovcinis hahaa dne vise orake( ee ests, demstoe aie. 5 = Glow w/clarerete ime Rete 26 95 May 28...... Ge EE ClO) MEINERS. 24 P2150) cs teens elt yes 55 08 DWV EPP RIN N Oe OL ae 22a < che fae eperoratoneectess i meven eG Win ae aD hella a ag, Sapo TSS oval a avoreatae 55 08 June 115... MEXspPrESS ws CORN AVEUCK. o.fet. set cease Oe rts deter ana babeaesd 3 05 CONG SHOT EE) a ets aie re onli Ne aie sascle les as Pole ave ore"otevalete avetore 1 50 Salary, Of SCCUCLAGY LOM sUMG, sat oa Aetna senie er ste see crete sn ierolate tele acclclerene 66 66 , WiATeHR NORAON Sha ot riieiw oA oe eae ee el, ee ae 71 21 iit ee & ie a. GLIMiSha Wii (OxpLeSS ELOME ed Cle MOPEVs) cre ce> ciclec terseielevia leis, efoiste 74 43 WAP ATVE IN Gc 2OG screed aoc ste lagn oe oe cine tie alslo. oak lereeiate Miao altececets sceteteral Nata tates 74 43 te Ss... Premiums at Harrisonville ....... Pe ea cS ES A A ot AE Mia 27 35 Balance, duc. Hucdsomr & MImperly.. As sacdsocol aa meeek hao ck diene Scale 17 50 Vina iab IND. (0). 97 Rance aaereT enc nap amo Rar cere hBAgaTe Aoeedoreae near boctede= 44 85 Serene || WAG NCISOH" CPL 2 Oey os cess ) ~~ SUMMER MEETING. 93. Report of Committee on Obituary. ASHER M. GOSLIN, M. D.—Dr. Asher Goslin was born in Clermont county, Ohio, February 24, 1830. Died at Oregon, Holt county, Missouri, March 27, 1894, aged 64 years. Funeral services from the family residence, Thursday, March 29, 1894, at 3 o’clock p. m. Dr. Goslin was in the highest sense a public man. His hospitality and love of company was proverbial. He was public-spirited. He was interested in all that tended to the growth and development, not only of his town and State, but the whole country—not alone its ma- terial prosperity, but art and science. He noted with the deepest in- terest the rapid strides which science had made in the past one hun- dred years. A busy man in his profession, and yet never so absorbed therein that he did not have time to give to the educational institutions, to the cultivation of flowers, to the study of horticuliure and other interests that would build up and beautify the town in which he lived. It is such a man as that, we as a people have lost in the death of Dr. Asher Goslin. The following is taken from the Oregon papers: The deceased was born in Clermont county, Ohio, February 24, 1830. His father was a native of Virginia, while his mother, whose maiden name was Anna Cox, was a native of: New Jersey. The boyhood days of the deceased were spent on the farmat his birth-place,, and he received his education at Antioch college, of Yellow Springs. Ohio. He began the study of medicine under Dr. D. H. Bradley of Felicity, Ohio, in 1856, and took his first course of lectures at the Ohio Medical college of Cincinnati, Ohio, during the winter of 1858-9. In October, 1859, he moved to Carmi, Illinois, and practiced at that point until September, 1861, when he enlisted in Company H, Forty-eighth Illinois infantry, being elected captain of the company the following April, and while on the battle-field of Shiloh, he was promoted regimental surgeon, serving in that capacity until October, 1864. The last year of his service he was in charge of the Fifteenth Army Corps Field hospital. In Octo- ber, 1864, the Doctor re-enlisted, and was promoted to acting staff surgeon of the United Statesarmy. At the time of re-enlistment he was presented with a case of surgical instru- ments by his old regiment. He was mustered out of the army in May, 1865. He was mus- tered out as a loving father, a devoted husband, as the highest type of the honorable, pro- gressive citizen, March 27, 1894. He took part in the great battles of Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, siege of Corinth, siege of Vicksburg, Jackson, Miss., Missionary Ridge, the Atlanta campaign, and through with Sherman to the sea, and through the Carolinas to Washington, where he took part in the grand review. At the close of the war, our deceased friend and companion settled in Olney, Illinois, and resumed his practice. At this place he remained until June, 1869, when he located in this city, and where he passed over to the other side. His sympathetic nature, heroic devo- tion, kind manner and cheerfulness made him a welcome visitor to the sick room. He was an enthusiast, not only asa physician, but in educational matters, and while president of the Oregon Normal School Board, and as professor of physiology in the school, he did much toward placing our school in the front rank of the educational institutions of Northwest Missouri. Asa tribute to his memory and for the work done by him in the cause of educa- tion, the school closed during the funeral services, and the 400 children were permitted to take a last look at one of nature’s noblemen. 94 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. ACTION OF THE HOLT COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Whereas, the unexpected death of Dr. Asher Goslin has created a vacancy in our membership, it seems flit that we should recognize his worth to this community and to soci- -ety by an official acknowledgment of the many good points in his character. We unhesi- tatingly make this statement : 1. That to his enterprise we are indebted for the high position Holt county has at- tained for the excellence of her products. 2. To his efforts we are indebted for the suc- cessful introduction of celery and many varieties of fruits 38. His cheerfulness and love of humor gave a pleasant aspect to allof our meetings, 4. He was ever ready to promote any movement that seemed to offer something,for the general good. 5. He was willing to *‘live and let live,’’ and lent a helping hand to struggling horticulturists, who without aid could not have succeeded. 6. He is now removed from among us by a power to which all must bow sooner or later, and to Him we commend our associate, believing that, though his brainis now inactive, there wasin him, as in all others, an immortal part that will bloom in futurity. N. F. MURRAY, A. NELSON, Committee. Your committee have also to mention the death of Gotlich Seges- seman, who was born in Switzerland, February 2, 1827, and was edu- cated in one of the universities of Germany ; immigrated to this country in 1866, and settled near Amazonia, Andrew county, Missouri, where he died, April 27, 1894, at the age of 67 years. The deceased was one of nature’s noblemen; a philanthropist of the purest type; a true Christian; a loving, devoted husband and father; a kind neighbor and public-spirited gentleman ; an earnest and -enthusiastic horticulturist from the love of the good and the beautiful. Be it resolved, that in the removal by death of our faithful and beloved Gotlich Seges- seman from his earthly labors to that better home above, where all is peace, rest and love, © we have lost one of our most faithful and worthy members. N. F. MURRAY, A. NELSON, i Committee. AMAZONIA, Mo., May 26 1894. L. A. GOODMAN : Dear Sir—Your report was received yesterday, which, from what little I have seen of it,is a “ good one.” As father, G. Segessemann, died on the 27th of April, I will take -@ membership in your society next fall, as I think he paid his fees for this year. G. Segesseman was born February 2, 1827, in Wattenroyl, Canton Berne, Switzerland. His father died when he was only about 7 years old. He attended school, then entered college, preparatory to teach- ‘ing school. After teaching school several years he learned telegraphy ; was operator and depot agent till the fall of 1866, when he left the old -country for the United States; but on the trip across the ocean cholera broke out, by which he lost his wife and two boys, leaving him only one child (myself). Coming to Amazonia, Mo., in December, he bought SUMMER MEETING. 95 a farm the next spring, 1867, where he has resided ever since, follow- jug farming and fruit-growing. Experiment work in fruits and vegetables was his greatest pleas- ure, buying and trying many of the new varieties offered; he also tried his hand at raising seedlings of different varieties of fruit, in which he had some success, having raised a seedling grape of the Elvira, which is very promising. He leaves a widow (having married again October 9, 1867) and 8 children. May he rest in peace. Yours respectfully, Otto SEGESSEMANN. Reports on Fruits and Flowers. FLOWERS. BpoOmViEencChlore. Pleasant Hill,.3 large DASKEtS. © ..565.... cece nce en yee sesisceeacocdoetacceaenr $7 00 SEL RUE V EEOC SE oh SPLICE US cia fetatate aheteteiays a, telehe Sleee Gate eo elase sche laraiave lo tere eS b oe leiolee o BUISE ERI cies oe sO ae 1 50 PASO COME TION Sit; we FLEVTAG I OCIULEE co. cxe.c a ciaqets vis oie apeievsvote cheteioi sola harp la a haarzen we era, winston la avahe oyaial el ohece oe STaTENE 1 00 PReBEEP ONE. TPE DASK OG ere- «tits a cee oc tdinacls clap oe Wan tae ok Mals artaisreibon a se caia we Dk sige ae at ehteene ere 3 00 One specimen Sultana, one Leopard plant, deserve special mention, while all the plants on the stage made avery pleasing display. W. H. HoLLoway, Chairman Committee. FRUITS. To the officers and members of the Mo. State Hort. Society: Your Committee on Fruits submit the following report. We have made the following awards: Strawberries— Remi GiINOTESONIGAIG Yer. ss de csthe eee See oe ee eS Te OO On TE ged ne ee $1 00 ACE NERS COE IOTING AT OY. esc leyele Seles clove! Wats ote mia ince ia ice iaieea @ UE Weltralsig: oaiterctde Bate e it ae dele islerel eters 1 00 Raspberries— S. W. Gilbert, on Hopkins.......... CORO AE AE RAS, SELES mye ter Lt 1 00 doo MUMEN AN OG eyo 3 8 Wd Bil Ren ia Ae eet Rae eo nS a oe Oe Rr ee ae aR Re gr Ree er oe See 1 00 Currants— om EnV DTS FLO aL ULE CL tae acis-c gtateraie srersrssoreferaTatat erat Pee ciaistore sl oaitrd Riese aioe Soya een eee een 1 00 MAIO SCHSLE MTEC GTADC! errs cs crenta Mee Me chs eta folete rliatclon & Snchdlans ania Eten ana Neen ae 1 00 Cherry— RPmnV Viet CP URI Te bear EN TNS SIME ONDE Oye ra rapchexes-teeotsvel ar eiata e's area, crete eters a ofermcvonr ae: cveelste archetors ior clviclogs, forse toeretereree 1 00 LP SE ONS h egos 2] OISCIEY BO Gb gop 0? Rae Bene BE com hed ane Ae OMOnCOACErt Goon eC O RE OCoP TMAH an Gan oe Same 1 00 Harvey Hughes, Early Morello—a good new Seedling .............. cece cece cece nsec eeees 1 00 PeNeeG LEAN YON TGs BAN Vs PRL GENET stotatcia, sie nucleic her stece ara cherokee. GVA: Sta alatarls 6 fel ap Sl evel havela cian mers Oia 1 00 AOHANGICE MSSeMmKIrs tay en) costa ctite ecio ects Te atee cee ae Oe Sten che tilobiciole. soho tctos waren 1 00 PAO ate COME HOM 2, seri aaten eo ieersates oft aateiai iene Doe sie a Ie eee alo at Patek ators Strate iorkah oars 1 00 Noble Kinney, a fine basket of tomatoes, grown in hot-house........ .......-.-+.2+00 1 00 Mr. Conrad Hartzell has a collection of apples, one and two years old, consisting of Willow Twig, Ben Davis, Winesap, Jonathan, Genit- ing, Red Romanite and Minkler, to which we award $3. These apples are in a good state of preservation. 96 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOOIETY. The State Society has a fine collection of apples on the tables, which were exhibited in Chicago, then placed in cold storage; taken out and shown at the winter meeting at Fulton, and returned to storage. Many of them are now in a perfect state of preservation, and will again be returned to storage to be shown with this year’s crop. This fine collection speaks louder than any words we can say in favor of cold storage for the preservation of the apple. We find a collection of green branches of apples from N. F. Murray, showing a fine crop prospect and good condition; also by the same, Wild Goose and Pottawatomie plum; also by A. Taylor, canes of a new seedling raspberry and Tyler, showing a fine prospect of fruit. We also find a fine store of wheat, exhibited by A. Nelson, consist- ing of 23 stalks, with well-developed heads; also samples of wheat five feet high, grown on land which had been salted, while wheat in the same field, on same kind of soil, without salt, was scant four feet. This certainly shows the beneficial effects of salt on some soils. We also find on exhibition, by Mr. A. Weaver, a very fine model of a hydraulic cider press, which appears to have merit. J. F, Hildebrand, on a box of very nice gooseberries and box New Richmond cherries came in after reports were made; we recommend a premium of 50 cents each; also box Gandy strawberries, to J. Clark, 50 cents. Respectfuly submitted. HENRY SPEER, F, HOLSINGER, C. C. BELL, Committee. St. Louis, Mo., June 4, 1894. Mr. L. A. GOODMAN, Westport, Mo.: My Dear Sir—I am sorry that my business must detain me from your n-eeting. I have just noticed that Iam chairman of Committee on Flowers, and send a report herewith. y I would be glad to have the Society determine to meet in St. Louis next year. Would do allin my power to make you comfortable. Yours truly, E. H. MICHEL. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON FLOWERS. The Committee on Flowers has had no meeting, as it is impracti- ; cable to get its members together, except at the meeting of the Society.. Ornamental flowers this year have suffered as much as any vege- tation, and the fruit men know very well what early thaws and late frosts have done for them. Roses which had started into foliage before Easter froze to the ground during the severe spell at that time. Hardy shrubs, especially the early flowering sorts, were most severely checked. Tender bed- ding plants, even when planted as late as the middle of May, suffered SUMMER MEETING. 97 severely through the cold spells since then; and now to crown all, in our section the ground has been dyy as in midsummer for a fortnight, and no good prospects for rain to relieve us. It is pleasing to note that with the increasing tendency among the masses to own their own homes, there is also a proportionate advance in the taste and time employed in the embellishing of these homes with flowers. Every one should have a little spot devoted to the cultiva- tion of flowers. Their care will be a pastime and consequent source of pleasure. We would recommend with regard to your prize offered for flowers that the money be divided into two parts, one-half for plants and one- half for cut flowers, and definite prizes offered for definite items. For instance, we could offer: For best display of cut flowers shown in vases— Ist prem. $5, 2nd prem. $2.40. For best display of pot plants— Ist prem. $5, 2nd prem $2.50. To the best of my knowledge, nothing has been referred to this committee for action. Respectfally, E. H. MIcHEL, Chairman. Summer Flowering Bulbs. By Miss Lizzie Espenlaub, Rosedale, Kas. On finding my name on our program to respond to the subject under consideration, I really wondered what I should say, and when I have finished our friends will wonder what I have said. It will hardly be expected at this time, when there are so many able publications and books, treating the subject by some of the most learned men and women of this age, who have devoted a great deal of time, even as some of those present have done, that anything new or original can be produced by one who knows so little of flower culture. What, therefore, can be expected, can hardly be more than thoughts and views of others commingled with some things we have observed m our flower gardens. The cultivation of the beautiful should be the desire of every one. One poet has said of flowers: You are prophets sent to a heedless world, The skeptic heart to teach. And ’tis well to read your souls aright, And mark the creed you teach. I could never pass you heedless by, For mine is the old belief, That midst your sweets and midst your bloom, There’s a soul in every leaf. H—7 98 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Flowers are sent to the world; they are not confined to one part of the earth, as we are not contined éo one part of the earth, as we will see in studying the summer flowering bulb, but the whole earth has its complement of blossom and fragrance. As time and lack of knowledge would not permit us to even name all, we look at some of the most common yet popular of the flowers. The name Lily is symbol of all that is fairest, sweetest and best in the world. It is admired, not only on account of its beauty, but we are told by the highest teacher, to “consider the lilies how they grow.” It drinks in heaven’s sweetness in light, air, dew and rain, and unfolds its own loveliness in quietness and peace. It grows from within its own life, pushing out, until its beauty is most charming. So we from it are taught to grow, having within us the divine life to be developed in our character and spirit. The number of varieties is almost without end, from every part of the temperate and tropical world, and of every color of the rain- bow, excepting green, perhaps. There are fully 150 varieties of lilies under cultivation, the best varieties coming from Kurope, India, Japan and America. The earliest cultivation is described in 1597, yet we may believe that it was known many years previous to this, for **Solomon, with gorgeous robes, we’re told, could not compare With the Lily of the Valley, with their modest dress so fair.’’ The White lily has been long cultivated in gardens, and mach sung by poets. It has large, erect, pure-white flowers, as much prized for their fragrance as for their beauty. The Tiger lily, a native of China, yet some very fine species are found growing in marshes in the United States; has a stem 6 to 8 feet high and reflexed orange flowers, spotted with black. Before the main entrance of the Horticultural hall at the World’s fair an artificial lily pond attracted those who found an interest in aquatic plants. There were water lilies of various colors on exhibi- tion, while on either of the walks large beds of red and yellow Cannas enlivened the view. Their culture is very simple, and with little care failure is almost impossible. Bulbs should be planted in fail, if possible, or in spring as soon as frost is out of ground; the earlier the better. The Gladiolus is one of the most showy and attractive of the sum- mer flowering bulbs. There are about 90 species described, and are — found in Africa, Southern and Central Europe, and in Persia, while one species is found apparently wild in England. / it SUMMER MERTING. 99 Some species have been cultivated for a long period in our flower gardens, and both introduced and modern varieties from them are pop- ular and ornamental, and have become a general favorite. By cultiva- tion the varieties have greatly multiplied in number and improved in size and quality, as well as marvelously varied in color. French florists, a few years since, introduced novel varieties, but now the English florists are superseding them. The stately habits and rich glowing colors of the modern Gladiolus render them exceedingly valuable as a decorative plant during the summer months; they are very desirable and useful for room decorations, for the blossom lasts fresh for several days, and the undeveloped buds open in succession, if stalks are kept in water. It may be planted any time from May to middle of July,and will bloom the same season; plant where there will be plenty of sunshine, and place bulbs from six to eight inches apart and from two to four inches deep, according to size of bulb. They thrive well in almost any soil. The Tuberose is a native of Mexico, and one of the most beautiful and fragrant of the summer bloomers. It sends up a stem about 3 feet high; it has a flower about one and one-half inches long, with a long tube and a six-parted limb. The flowers are waxy white and cream, and very sweet-scented. Itis successfully grown in the United States. It requires warmth at all times and is fond of light. To grow, start bulbs in March or April indoors, and as soon as the ground becomes warm plant outside, or plant bulbs in open ground as soon as the frost is thoroughly out of the ground. The Dahlia is also a native of Mexico and has for many years been a favorite late summer and autumn bloomer. It is of various colors, and is in its glory when everything else has faded or is fading, for it _ surrenders only to King Frost. Itis well to start them indoors by the first of April, and then plant out as soon as the frost has passed. The soil should be rich, as the Dahlia is a strong feeder and rank grower. The Dahlia and all tall growers should be fastened to stalks, or support of some kind which will prevent their blowing down by strong winds. The Cannas are plants of various shades of green, purple and bronze, and produce wonderful tropical effects. They are among the grandest of bedding plants now seen. Some are especially noted for their foliage, while some special ones are noted for their great beauty and size of flowers, as well as handsome foliage. The Calladium is a large, showy foliage flower, with immense flower. 100 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. There are a number of climbers, of which we will only speak of the Madeira. Itis a rapid-growing, graceful vine, with smooth dark leaves and fragrant white flower, and will grow in almost any situation. Lastly, we will speak of the Oxalis. It fills the place that none of the other flowering bulbs do, inasmuch as it isa trailer. Plant in May and it will bloom in profusion during the summer months. Our closing thought in regard to flowers is, whether they come from seed—very small sometimes—or whether they come from a balb, they sweeten the air, rejoice the eye and link us with nature and inno- cence. They are all beauty; they have no vanity, but live purely to do good. Let us then study their habits and structure, for whoso vareth for the flowers will much more care for Him who bestoweth them. Some Reminiscences. U. P. Bennett, Kansas City (read at Mo. Horticultural Society meeting). On my incidentally remarking recently that today’s meeting woulé occur on the anniversary of my birthday, the request was made that I give a short talk on that topic. The friend making the request could not have given the subject the second thought, as that would likely have intimated the risk of opening the talking valve, which might in- voice too many of the events of the past. Some birthday anniversaries are frequently celebrated with more or less ceremony—with songs of joy, respect and thankfulness; but as I don’t believe there are enough achievements of importance in my career to repay you for many minutes’ attention, I shall be brief. According to the family record, I was born in Jefferson county, Virginia, on the 19th day of May, 1814, which makes me twice forty today. I have heard my parents say that I was so sickly, delicate a child for some years they feared they would not be able to raise me. The family moved to Ohio in 1816; settled in the woods in Muskingum county; cleared out a farm, where I remained until I was 17 years of age, when I left the parental roof to learn the printing business, which I followed for 25 years, in Zanesville, Ohio. Moved with my parents. to St. Louis in 1860, where we resided during the war; came to this county in 1865. I came through on the first passenger train over the Missouri Pacific that made the trip from St. Louis to Kaneas City, about the last of July of that year. When I left St. Louis in the morning I expeeted to have to stage it from Pleasant Hill to Inde- pendence, but the track-layers met during the day, and several of the passengers were put off between 12 and 1 o’clock that night ona plank ? SUMMER MEETING. 101 at the side of the road a short distance west from where the “ dummy ” bridge now crosses the Missouri Pacific road. In the spring of 1866 I had planted out a moderate amount of fruit-trees and plants of different varieties, and for 15 years continued to grow strawberries, raspberries, plums, cherries, grapes, peaches, pears, apples, etc., on the bluffs of the Missouri river, a mile and a half north of the court-house, in Independence. I now look back over those years as among the most pleasant, and in some respects as the most profitable ones of my days of toil; as the out-door exercise had much to do, I doubt it not, in restoring my health, which had been im- paired while in the newspaper business. Several of the friends with whom I took pleasure in comparing notes and experience in fruit culture in this part of the West, met in Independence December 18, 1868, and organized the Jackson County Horticultural Society by the adoption of certain by-laws, and electing Alexander Proctor, President; Z. S. Ragan, Vice-President; U. P. Bennett, Secretary; Dr. John Bryant, Jr., Treasurer, and the Board of Directors composed of Henry Parker, W. E. McBride, Jas. A. Blair, Abram Renick and EK. M. MeGee. For some years we continued to meet during suitable weather at the homes of the members, where the exercises were both pleasant and beneficial to those attending them. The meeting at Lee’s Summit, in August, 1873, was said at that time to be the largest meeting of the kind ever held in the county. At the Kansas City Exposition, September, 1873, the premium of $150 for the largest and best display of horticultural products was awarded the Jackson County Horticultural Society. And with part of the same fruit Maj. Ragan and I attended the Kansas State Fair, at Topeka, latter part of the same month, where we took about all the premiums we entered for, including that offered for the greatest and best display of fruit by any county—$150. Daring 1870 the Missouri Valley Grape-Growers’ Association was organized. Two of its meetings were held at Leavenworth and one at St. Joseph. In September, 1872, at the meeting held during the Kan- gas City Exposition, this grape-growers’ association was merged into the Missouri Valley Horticultural Society. Some time after the county society was organized at Independ- ence, another horticultural society was formed at Kansas City, with a name that spreads out over more country than the State lines include —Missouri Valley—the meetings of which became so attractive that many of us became members of both organizations. And after min- gling together for some years in a kind of courting, sweet heart style, the two societies were wedded on the 29th day of May, 1875, Maj. 102 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Ragan and J. C. Evans acting as bride and groom; and now we can point to the past 19 years in proof that the union has been more last- ing and agreeable than some of those the courts have been called on to dissolve. The meetings of these years have added largely to the sum of our practical, useful knowledge; at the same time they have tended to develop and strengthen the better impulses of the human heart in the promotion of lasting friendship. Thirty-four years ago today I was introduced, under peculiar cir- cumstances, to three aged persons. The B. & O. R. R. was then making an effort to increase its business in the west, and having faith in printers’ ink, arranged for a large excursion of newspaper men from tbe west, northwest and southwest over the road to Baltimore, Washington, Mt. Vernon, ete. About 9 o’clock in the morning, 10 or 12 cars left Wheeling, Va., loaded with editors and their wives, re- porters and their lady friends; and about 100 miles out the train halted, and we were invited to take a look at one of the curiosities to be seen along the road. In a few moments a large crowd gathered around an old log-cabin on the bank of a small stream. The manager of the excursion mounted the porch, on which were seated three old persons, of whom he gave us a little of their history, on introducing them. They had been in this country only a few years when the revo- lutionary war began, and not being willing to take up arms against their mother country, they fled over the mountains into the wilderness, as they supposed, so far away that they would not be found. “This old man—-John Church —” said the conductor, “is 115 years old; this. old woman is his wife, now 109 years old, and this young lady by their side—Miss Nancy—is their daughter, and has on her cheeks this morn- ing the flush of youth, the red bloom of 84 Mays.” Everyone had to shake hands with them. The peculiarity that attracted my attention was the hardness of their skin, or flesh—more like sole-leather than anything else I could compare it with. The man who can look back over the last 40 or 50 years, and will take time to think and contrast the present with what he then saw, surely ought to be thankful that he is living in this day of grace. Great events often have small beginnings. Prof. Morse’s ideas. | about the telegraph were spoken of as indicating a mind not sound, ratker as that of a crank; but when the line was completed between Washington and Baltimore, the first dispatch sent over the line by © Miss Paulding, at the suggestion of her mother, gave credit to the right source. It was: “Behold what the Lord hath wrought!” Now : the taiking wires of the electric telegraph have spread over all coun- tries, and as far as I know, equal the number of stars of the heavens. e SUMMER MEETING. 103 These birth-day occasions do not pass with me now as they did 50 or 60 years ago—then often unobserved—but partake now more of the character of review, or self-examination day—and are counted like I read the figures on the telegraph poles from the car window on the train homeward bound. About the only difference is that I can bea little more certain of the hour of ‘reaching home than I can be of the time I shall arrive at the end of my journey on earth. I have never met with but one person who was born on the same day I was; that one was the wife of Jacob Vernon, who was a citizen for several years of Independence. We used to celebrate the day together at our homes, alternately, until the Vernon family removed to California, where Mrs. Vernon died a year or 80 ago. I close my talk by quoting two lines, written by a friend, twelve year older than I am, who recently died in Ohio: «* ‘ - é ~- € j inthe mo é i " . i/ Qs t ‘ 7 fa a4 ; aA , Pa - ia “ 1 f > ~ i ‘. ‘s ee - Ba j ra turedAe oi oy) tek ; ; Hitt -¢). «Oe . P fet Ane ae te ¢ CS rial yin ve pee Ante: eT tye) iri ate ithe sod) Beet aan € ; Y calitedh > OS ie + . : vi tad of pe te: + * * ise 15 yi * P te, yt Pee ~ _ ee tr ne ‘ aan .'t sit fet hy Ps Ds J o mer ey ee , BAST Mae ANE: Ol pat Om IS Se BD i” a s 2 we, 7. \ ‘ es foot a eee BN * ‘) ‘ . at ‘y68l ‘SINOT'LS LV LIGIHX4 sbi “a ie Siac: “cel IE a ay | Jrsnossia | ~ nea <4 5 ee ae BM Ih B/aees eee ald) tN LER MER TING AT TRENTON THIRTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING Fleld at Trenton, Mo., Dec. 4, 5 and 6, 1894. This winter meeting was one of the most successful meetings the Society bas ever held. There were in attendance over 100 delegates from all parts of the State, and also representatives from several other states, among them the President of the Michigan Horticultural Society, the President of the Illinois Horticultural Society and the Treasurer of the Kanes Horticultural Society. The meeting was one of earnestness and instruction, as well as one of good feeling and fellowship. A very fine and extensive display of apples were on the table, something over 500 plates, and made a very complete exhibition. The members had there a good opportunity to compare varieties, and test the quality of the apples from different parts of the State. About $100 in premiums were given on the usual plan of premiums for all according to points of merit. : The papers and discussions were practical and to the point, and every one went home thinking that the lessons learned were of much value to him in his work. A combined report from one or two papers will be submitted. L. A. GOODMAN. Missouri State Horticultural Society. The 37th annual meeting of the Missouri State Horticultural So- ciety, at Trenton, December 4-6, was a very successful and profitable one. Delegates were present from all parts of the State, and a num- ber from Michigan, Ilinois, lowa and Kansas. The subjects taken up were practical subjects of every-day use, and they were discussed very profitably. Of course, the orchard question was the most important of all. The failure of some of the orchards by root blight seemed to be a serious matter with some, and the question as to the cause was not answered. 108 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE WEST. Western horticulture seems, from the papers and discussions, to demand good, hardy, thrifty trees, free from any disease, insects or fungus; trees two years old «re preferable. Heads must be low, not over two feet high, and some advocate a foot, with a good center shoot foraleader. Very little pruning is to be done, either before or after planting in orchard. This western country demands more wood on the trees than the eastern, and also calts for protection from the hot sun of summer on the bodies in order to make healthy trees. Trees thus grown will begin to pay their owners in six years, and pay them well. Best of cultivation is called for on all hands, and the orchardist that follows out this plan will be the successful one. Feeding and not cropping an orchard is another step in the right direction for the pro- duction of good fruit. All the best orchardists are now cultivating their orchards well without any crop on the land, and we will soon see an improvement in them. Spraying against fungoid growth and insect enemies is another matter that all are agreed upon must be done. Just how and when, and what and how, are not fully settled yet, but we are looking ahead anxiously. Good and honest packing is another point that was empha- sized strongly, to make a successful orchardist. A SELECTION OF APPLES. Varieties varied in different localities, but the following list covers all parts of the State: Ben Davis, Gano, York, Imperial, Clayton, Minkler, Jonathan, Grimes, Rome Beauty, White Pippin, Willow Twig, for commercial orchards. Small fruits were discussed, as usual, and, as usual, different soils and climates give different varieties. The standard varieties, however, seem to hold their own generally. Strawberries by irrigation was prominently brought out in a very practical way, showing that thus giving plenty of water resulted in three times the crop of berries over those not irrigated. A SELECTION OF GRAPES. The vineyard, planting, pruning, covering and varieties were dis- cussed, and the following varieties seemed to have the majority in their favor: Champion, Moore’s Early, Worden, Concord, Niagara, Goethe. PLUMS AND PEARS. The plum and pear and peach each came in for its share of time and discussion. The native plum seems to be the only sure thing; the WINTER MEETING. 109 Kieffer pear holds its own well here in the West, and the peach needs to be bred up to a hardier standard before many parts of the State can be sure of a crop. As to insects, the best way to fight them seems to be settled down to spraying. The Society and its work are prospering grandly, and thousands. are becoming interested in fruit-growing in the State on the cheap new lands to be had everywhere. L. A. GOODMAN. State Horticultural Society. Colman’s Rura! World. The thirty-seventh annual meeting of this Society was held in the: city of Trenton, the county seat of Grundy county, in Northwestern Missouri, last week, and was well attended by as brainy a lot of men engaged in one or more branches of horticultural industry as could well be gotten together in any state in the Union. President J.C. Evans, Secretary L. A. Goodman, Vice-President N. F. Murray and Treasurer A. Nelson were present and in their places, and regret was. expressed that the venerable Second Vice-President, Judge Samuel Miller, was not there. Each of these gentlemen were unanimously re- elected to the same position for the ensuing year. Under the experi- enced chairmanship of Major Evans, the business of the meeting pro- ceeded with remarkable smoothness, and so far as it was possible, the program was followed to the letter. A few of the essayists were not present, but in a majority of cases they had forwarded their papers. to the Secretary, and were read by him to the meeting. Regret was expressed by many that Mrs. Dugan, “May Myrtle” of the “ Rural World,” was unable to attend on account of illness and the length of the journey. Mr. R. Morrill of Benton Harbor, Mich., president of the Michigan Horticultural Society, was present, as were also T. E. Goodrich of Cobden, Ill.,and S.J. Baldwin of Seneca, Kas., all active workers in the horticultural field. Each took an active interest in the proceed- ings, and freely engaged in discussing the many points raised by the papers and in the debates. Many of the older members of the Society were also present with valuable papers, and by their extensive experience and diversified knowledge gave both dignity and character to the proceedings. Of these were Hon. N. F. Murray, Z. T. Russell, G. F. Espenlaub, A. Nel- son, Stephen Blanchard, A. H. Gilkeson, C. C. Bell, Levi Chubbuck,. S. W. Gilbert and Major Holsinger. These, with President Evans and 110 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Secretary Goodman, formed quite a galaxy of experienced horticul- turists; it will be seen that the material for a most profitable meeting, interesting addresses and spicy debates was first-class in every respect. Many of the delegates had their wives with them to add zest and pic- turesqueness to the gathering, as Messrs. Goodman, Nelson, Bell, Mur- ray, Patterson, Gilbert and Woods; but to still further add charm to the occasion, the ladies of Trenton attended regularly, especially the evening sessions, and brought their beaus with them. The show of fruit was most excellent, there being fully 500 plates of the choicest apples on exhibition for competition, and sure are we that but few states in the Union could make a more diversified display or of as good specimens this year. The show both of pot and cut flowers was fine if not extensive, and showed to considerable advan- tage on the front of the platform, at the feet of the presiding officer and secretary. Prof. J.C. Whitten, of the Department of Horticulture of the State University, was the only representative of that institution present, but he exhibited a rare familiarity with the details of his profession, and added very materially to the character of the debates, particularly in answering knotty points which the scientist only has knowledge of, as arule. His life history of the codling moth, given off-hand in answer to a question, was complete; and his plan of green-houses for experi- mental work with his class merited and received hearty commendation. It is not our purpose here to even refer to the numerous addresses and the discussions which followed them, because they will be pub- lished in the proper department of this paper from week to week as we can find room for them, until our readers have been able to read them all. There were two, however, which for their length and — exhaustive character merit special mention. That on the history of the apple, by Carpenter, was especially commended as one of the most thorough expositions of the genesis and the life history of that “king of fruits” ever presented to the public. It gave evidence of great research and a thorough knowleege of the authorities on its history, from the first planting in the Garden of Eden, through the historic ages, as noted and mentioned by ancient writers, down to our own times; and will go on record as one of the most exhaustive treatises on record. : That on the chrysanthemum, by A. K. Kirkland, read by 8. W. Gil- bert, was another of like character and exhaustiveness ; not only giving a history of this now popular flower, but as well its mode of production _and reproduction and the best known methods of cultivation, so as to produce the best effects. WINTER MEETING. TER Many other papers were worthy of special mention, the annual report of the Secretary in particular, a very carefully prepared report, and evidently the production of one of the wost earnest and zealous officers known to current horticaltural industry; but, as we have said, these will all be published and the readers will have an opportunity of judging for themselves. PRESENTATION TO MR. GOODMAN. Probably one of the most interesting events in the history of the Society, and one of the most pleasing, was the presentation of a solid silver tea service to Secretary Goodman on Wednesday evening, which was a great surprise to all present except the few members and friends who were parties to the effort, and to Mr. Goodman in particular. Just as the Chairman was about to open the evening session Mr. A. Nelson, Treasurer of the Society, stepped to the front and asked permission to occupy the attention of the Society for a few moments with a mat- ter not on the program. He then read the following address: Mr. GoopDMAN: We meet tonight in this beautiful hall, in this enterprising inland city of Trenton, under most favorable auspices, surrounded by fruits and flowers and hosts of friends, yours and ours; but you are still more fortunate in that many of the ‘‘Old Guard, ”? who have labored so long and so earnestly with you, in both adversity and pros- perity, are with us tonight, their ranks unbroken, and each, as ever, ready to respond to the call of duty. This is peculiarly gratifying to me tonight, because of what I am about tosay anddo. Weknow youas a man of few words, active in every good word and work, of untiring industry in the discharge of your duties, and inspired with a zeal that knows no, such word as fail, because your whole soul and mind and willare thrown into the service where duty calls. Every prominent horticulturist in our State, in the United States, and many in for- eign countries, know of your zeal, your untiring energy and your unbounded enterprise in this, your chosen field of labor; and in discharging the very pleasant duty delegated to me by your friends and admirers, I would tell you how highly they esteem your work, and how long they have watched the patient, earnest way in which you have discharged your duties as Secretary of the Missouri State Horticultural Society; but language fails mein the effort to do you justice. We have seen the work done by you at New Orleans, at the World’s fair, at the two St. Louis expositions and many other places where the eyes of the world were upon you, and through you this grand State of Missouri, just blossoming into the full vigor of developed energy as not only the leading fruit state, but leads in all points any state in the Union; we have met you twice a year at these state meetings, have read your letters to the press, and your excellent annual reports forlo! these many years, and are fully conversant with the unstinted loyalty, the whole-hearted enthusiasm, with which you have discharged your duties, and vastly more than duty called for. And now, Mr. Secretary, that you may know that we appreciate all this at its true value, a few of your friends desire to tell you so here and now, in open meeting, and before the world, that whilst yet,in the prime of your manhood you may realize how warmly we esteem you, how greatly we admire you and how much we thank you for your great work, a work of faith and a labor of love. To further emphasize the esteem in which we hold you, I have the honor to present you with this beautiful service of silver, not by any means as value received, but simply as a token of our affection for you and our appre- ciation of your services. It is our most earnest hope that you may long live to enjoy, in unstinted measure, and without friction or alloy, the purest and choicest of earth’s bless- ings; and that when in the fullness of years you are gathered to your fathers, it may be yours through eternity to pluck of the fruit of the tree of life in the city of God. 112 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOOIETY. Mr. Goodman was, for a few moments, overcome by his emotions, and * America ” was beautifully and very appropriately rendered by a quartette of male and female voices. He then very feelingly replied, telling of the history of the Society, its progressive work, its exhaust- ive efforts to serve the State and the horticulturists thereof, and how far all this had his most hearty sympathy, and had had during the many years of his service as Secretary of the Society. No synopsis of his reply could possibly do him justice, and our only regret is that it was not caught verbatim by a short-hand reporter and placed on record. It was a gem—exhibiting character, earnestness and unbounded interest. in the well-being and welfare of the Society, and its influence upon the commercial prosperity of the State. The service was of seven pieces, the salver bearing the inscription, “ Presented to L. A. Goodman, by his friends of the Missouri State Horticultural Society, December 5th, 1894,” and was one of the most beautiful designs ever seen in the State. At the close of Mr. Goodman’s address he was warmly congratu- lated by Mr. Goodrich of Illinois, Mr. Morrill of Michigan, Mr. Hol- singer of Kansas, and most of the leading men of the State present ; and the ladies, of whom there were scores present, were invited to come to the platform to view more closely the beautiful service. Horticultural Society. From the Trenton papers. Notwithstanding the fact that the Horticultural Society of Mis- gouri has been in existence for 37 years, the people of Trehton and Grundy county know but little of the workings of the organization ;. but they now havean excellent opportunity to become better acquainted with it, and we predict they will find that it is of much greater im- portance and involves many more matters of interest than they ever supposed. In choosing Trenton as the place of its 37th annual meeting, the Society paid a compliment to the city and county, in that they con- sidered Grundy county a fruit-growing section of sufficient importance to warrant a little missionary work being done within its borders; and it is more than likely that when this State meeting adjourns, Grundy will have a strong and enthusiastic county organization of fruit-growers. The first session of the State meeting will be called to order at Library hall, at 7:30 this evening. All sessions will be open and every one is welcome to attend them. From the appearance of the gentlemen WINTER MEETING. irs who are coming in to take part in the discussion and other proceedings, we judge that any one at allinterested in the advancemeni of fruit and flower culture will hear something that will be of interest and benefit. The ladies of the city and county are especially invited. Mr. L. A. Goodman, of Westport, Mo., Secretary of the State Society, arrived yesterday, and is busily engaged in arranging the displays of fruits and flowers. He isacultured gentleman, and has held his present position for 12 years. He is regarded as authority on all questions appertaining to fruit and vine culture. ; Mr. Goodman informs us that he expects about 120 delegates at the meeting, besides many members of the State Society who are not delegates. He will have at least 500 plates of apples on exhibition in the art-room of the building, embracing about 100 varieties. These specimens come from Oregon, Howell, Holt, Buchanan, Carroll, Jack- son, Olay, Pettis, Lafayette and Cass counties, and several Grundy county growers have brought in exhibits. f There will also be fine collections of chrysanthemums from St. Joseph, Kansas City and Thayer. The collection of A. K. Kirkland, of Thayer, is the only one that has yet arrived. The others will be in this evening. Already about 50 delegates have arrived and others will come this evening, and a full representation will be present tomorrow. The meeting will continue until Thursday night. The first session of the State Horticultural Society meeting was called to order by President J. C. Evans, of North Kansas City, at Library hall, at 7:45 last evening. The meeting opened with the singing of a sacred quartette from Beethoven by the Arion quartette, composed this year of C. N. Mason, Geo. T. McGrath, J. A. Gilluly and E. L. Mason. Following the song Rev. J. W. Crawford invoked the Divine bless- ing upon the meeting and its deliberations. Miss Bessie Stevens rendered a beautiful solo, “ The Holy City,” by Stephens, in a faultless manner. Mayor Murphy was then introduced, and in a short but neat ad- dress welcomed the delegates to the city. He spoke of the great advancement that the town of Trenton had made since he came to the place, about 20 years ago, and stated that the country had kept pace with the town, and while perhaps Grundy was a good fruit county, we knew without doubt that it was a rich agricultural county. The speaker said that he was not well informed on the history of the State Horti- cultural Society, but from the fine display of the fruits and the intelli- H—8 - 114 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. gent appearance of the men who compose the Society, he was satisfied that the meeting would benefit both city and county, and he extended to the delegates and members of the Society a hearty welcome. President Evans responded briefly, acknowledging the courteous welcome of the mayor. He referred to the fruit-growing qualities of the State, and said he believed that every county in the State was in the fruit belt. He was aware that many people did not even know of the existence of the State Horticultural Society, but notwithstanding this fact, its work had been productive of much good, and a majority of the counties of the State had county organizations. He extended a cordial invitation to the people of the city to attend the sessions of the meeting. The Arions then rendered a selection, after which Mr. Pollard, of Cameron, read a paper prepared by Prof. Riggle, of the Perdue Uni- versity, Indiana, who is a graduate of Shaw’s Botanical School of St. Louis, in which school the State Horticultural Society holds a scholar- ship. The paper treated on the subject of grafting in all of its phases, defining the different modes of grafting and the propagation of fruits thereby. It also gave points on the kinds of soil best adapted for different kinds and varieties of fruits, and contained specific directions for the work of grafting and budding. J. A. Gilluly then sang a solo, which was followed by a paper on “The Experiment Station Work,” by Secretary L. A. Goodman of Westport. ; The paper was interesting to fruit-growers, and in course of which the Secretary said that the Horticultural Society received but little aid from the State Agricultural College, along the line of experimental work. A lively discussion followed the reading of the paper, which was participated in by Mr. Walters of Canton, President Morrow of the Michigan State Agricultural College, Frank Holsinger of Rosedale, Kas., and B. F. Smith of Lawrence, Kas. President Morrow of Michigan rather defended the Missouri Col- lege, and stated that the Horticultural Society had not taken advantage of all the opportunities offered it by the School of Agriculture. The meeting then adjourned to reopen at 9:30 this forenoon. Pts a fy . ee i y . < es Pr. Ss —_ ‘ ae ECE ee ee ae ee - 5 pe ey Fee ae he WINTER MEETING. 115 WEDNESDAY, Dec. 5--MORNING SESSION. The session was called to order promptly at 9 o’clock by Presi- dent Evans. Prayer by Rev. J. W. Crawford. A paper on “ Prevention of Root Blight,” by S. W. Gilbert, of Thayer, was very interesting, and called forth considerable discussion. Also that of “ Trees, not Shrubs, for Orchards,” by Conrad Hartzell, of St. Joseph, elicited a very warm discussion by Dr. J. W. Greene, of Trenton; Murray, of Holt county; Smith, of Lawrence; President Morrill, of the Michigan University, and others. There was quite a lively discussion of the two subjects together, in which the question of planting, trimming, root-growing, cutting back, cultivating the ground, were handled with considerable warmth—many of the speak- ers taking opposite views as to the cutting back and trimming and the need of roots, when planting, and also the benefits or disadvantage of cultivating the ground. Mr. Nelson, of Lebanon, then read a paper on “The Needs of the Hour,” which included the subject of “ varieties and location,” and as Mr. Wilcox, of St. Joseph, to whom was assigned the latter subject, was not present, the two were discussed together. The discussion took a wide range. Kt was shown in the first paper that there is a large profit in an apple crop, ranging from $140 to $200 per acre. The prof- its in the business were considered largely in this discussion. There was great difference of opinion as to variety, influenced somewhat by location and the experience of the grower. For profit, three varieties of winter apples was considered better than more, al- though in some localities the number might be extended to 10. The Ben Davis was given the preference, by every speaker, as a merchant- able apple. The Winesap and Willow Twig and Jonathan came in about the order named. One speaker contended that more attention should be given to quality, but as one speaker from Iowa said, who is himself a dealer, the Jonathan and similar varieties are splendid apples to buy, but not profitable to raise. Quite a discussion arose over the origin of the Ben Davis—some contending that it was first found in an old Indian orchard in Platte county, while others contended that it originated in Howard county. There was also a lively discussion on the question of whether the root of the tree supports the leaves, or the leaves the root. There is no lack of interest in all the discussions. } 116 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOOIETY. NOTES. There are men in attendance trom Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Michi- gan and Illinois. Some of them, as well as many Missouri delegates, are fine talkers. Quite a large amount of fruit came in last night, and was opened out this morning. The exhibition of apples is very fine, including nearly all winter varieties, and apples one, two and three years old. WEDNESDAY, Dec. 5—AFTERNOON SESSION. Meeting called to order by the President. A great portion of the time was given to the discussion of “Spraying during 1894,” led by A. H. Gilkeson, of Warrensburg. There was a very great variety of opinion on the subject of whetber there was any real benefit. Some were very positive that it absolutely did no good, while others were equally as positive that they had received great benefit. It was argued by nearly all that it was a proper subject for investigation and experi- ment at the Experiment station, Columbia. The discussion included apples, pears, peaches, plums and cherries. The question of how to propagate and raise a hardy peach was also given considerable time. A paper was read by S. Blanchard, of Oregon, and discussed by many others. Two points were urged as necessary to secure a hardy peach, by way of late bloom and harder wood. Secretary Goodman was of the opinion that a harder wood was necessary to success. The plum . was also given considerable attention. EVENING SESSION. The exercises opened last evening with a pleasing incident that was not down on the bills. After the male quartette had sung a selec- tion, Mr. A. Nelson, of Lebanon, a venerable member of the State So- ciety, stepped forward and in a neat address, in which he spoke of the “old guard” of the Society, who had worked for its advancement in the face of many obstacles for years, numbering among these faithful workers the very worthy Secretary, L. A. Goodman, presented that. gentleman, in behalf of the Society, a beautiful silver set of six pieces. The first number on the program was a paper on the Chrysanthe- mum, prepared by Mr. A. L. Kirkland, of Thayer, and read by Mr. Gil- bert. It gave an interesting history of the plant, and specific directions ~ - ‘ 4 WINTER MEETING. AVG for its propagation and rearing. This paper was especially interesting to the ladies, and there were many present. A paper on “The History of the Apple,” by Dan. Carpenter, of Barry, was then read by Mr. Goodman. The paper was interesting but too long. The conclusion to be drawn from it is that the early history of the apple is enveloped in great obscurity ; many writers hold that itis a refined growth of the wildcrab. Itis spoken of as far back as 600 B. C. “The Orchard Question of the Northwest,” a very interesting paper, by N. F. Murray, of Oregon, Mo., followed. It referred to the great non-fruit-producing territory lying adjacent to and northwest of Missouri, which territory it was Missouri’s province to supply with fruit, providing horticultural pursuits are given the proper recognition in this State. A trio, sung by Mrs. DeBolt, Mrs Connor. and Mrs. Shrieve, closed the evening’s program. THURSDAY—MORNING SESSION. Two interesting papers that were left over from yesterday’s pro- gram, “The Vineyard,” by H.. Severs, of Jennings, and “Grapes for Money,” by G. F. Exspenlaub, of Rosedale, Kansas, were read this morning. The papers were followed by lively and interesting discus- sions. The annual business meeting of the Society followed, which in- cluded reports from other societies, giving much information on horti- cultural work in other states; reports of the Secretary and Treasurer and committee reports. The Secretary’s report was very full and comprehensive, andis very likely to be published in full. From the reports of committees, we publish the report of the Committee on Resolutions in full. The election of officers was not reached until this p. m. Be he sg ee ae ae | Ee Teg PC ER Bass . | ae : ) 7% ; ee i eee + cos in ENP - . . ¥: ' * — 2%. pe Ee x: ‘ STATE HORTICULTURAL scorn, achey » W. A. George, Olden. D. M. Hulen, Hallsburg. Z. T. Russell, Carthage. Cc. C. Green, Chillicothe. . L. A. Goodman, Westport. Prof. J. C. Whitten, Columbia. J.C. Evans, Harlem, D. A. Robinett, Columbia. ; F. Espenlaub, Rosedale, Kas. T. BE. Goodrich, Cobden, Il. Mrs. L. A. Goodman, Westport. C. CO. Bell, Boonville. Mrs. Nelson, Lebanon. Mrs. C. C. Bell, Boonville. - A, Nelson, Lebanon. S.J. Baldwin, Seneca, Kas. M. Butterfleld, Lee’s Summit. Ralph Smith, Laclede. C. Hartzell, St. Joseph. HE. J. Baxter, Nauvoo, Ill. S. W. Gilbert, Thayer. B. A. Barnes, Trenton. S. Fell, Marshall. Geo. Pollard, Cameron. as R. E. Bailey, Fulton. Levi Chubbuck, Kidder. R. R. Boucher, Cairo. Geo. J. Dodd, Sedalia. Arthur Patterson, Kirksville. Geo. Longman, St. Louis. Mrs. Patterson, Kirksville. H. E. Lilly, Chillicothe. 4 R. J. Bagby, New Haven. A.L. Zimmerman, Wetherby, a C. J. Dray, Linneus. J. Sibbett, Trenton. J.B. Christy, Browning. J. B. Gass, Trenton. R. Morrill, Benton Harbor, Mich. J. A. Kennedy, Ravanna. GoW. Waters, Canton. R. V. Young, Trenton. E. L. Mason, Trenton. Minnie Bell, Boonville. | John C. Bender. St. Joseph. L. V. Woods, Laredo. % H. I. Kelsey, St. Joseph. Mrs. L. V. Woods, Laredo. W.W. Knoop, Cameron. R. D. Pollard, Cameron. C. T, Zimmerman, Cameron. E. L. Pollard, Olden. e N.F. Murray, Oregon. Joseph Gamble, Brookfield. Mrs. N. F. Murray, Oregon. -C. M. Dennis, Hamilton. ‘Stephen Blanchard, Oregon. J.T. Scott, Powersville. out of doors and carry it to a successful conclusion. The second point at issue is, that there should be a certain fund set apart for the use of the Horticultural department every year. How WINTER MEETING. 135 can it be possible for the best man inthe world to plan and carry out a series of experiments, unless he knows how much money he is to have to use for his work? What encouragement can there be for a man to experiment, if he does not know what money he is to have for use? If there is one thing we should keepin mind at all times, it is this *thought. Demand of the Board of Gurators $4000 per year for the use of the Horticultural department. The three of four points at issue are, that when they get a man for the position, let them see that he is just the man, and then keep him, keep him, keep him, so that he can grow into it, and his experi- ments can be earried out, even if it should take a life-time. Mr. Whitten, the man in the position now, will find the Society his right-hand man and his firmest friend, and if the Board will sup- port only one-half as earnestly and faithfully as this Society does, he need only to march on to success. Then we will not have people writing us from all parts of the State, from Columbia and Washington, and the college also, asking what the Station has done for the Society and the horticulturists of the State. I suppose it is not in accord with the views of the Columbia peo- ple or with the University people, to criticise the management of the Agricultural College or Experiment station. But it is certainly and surely in accord with the views of a very great portion of the agricul- turists and horticulturists of the State to do so. The utter disregard of the best interests of the producing class in the work of both Station and College has helped to build up a very strong feeling for separation from the University. If there is one thing that needs to be put into practical use there in Columbia, it is that the control of the experiments to be carried on there be put into the hands of the State Board of Agriculture. Sup- pose, for instance, that this work had been with this Society, and that $4000 per year had been put into their hands to use for this purpose: do you think fora moment that no better results would have been shown than we now see? Where is the bulletin that should be issued each three months, and where are the results from the experiments, or where are the experiments themseives? Better by far put the whole matter under the control of the State Board of Agriculture. Do the Board of Curators fully understand the wants and aims and ends to be accomplished? If they do, then they cannot but see the entire failure of the Station in giving us any results of value for these many years. A change, a turning upside down or inside out, a revolution, needs to be instituted, and that at once, in the Station and its management. 136 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. But lest I weary you, I must close this outlining of work to any greater extent. Enough, I am sure, I have said, to open the way fora series of experiments, which, if judiciously followed, and’ a plan laid out so that if one man drops out another can go on with it to its com- pletion. If this address, this night, will have opened the way for the accomplishment of these great facts successfully, or if it has opened up a new line of thought to any of you that you would like to see fol- lowed, I shall have accomplished my purpose; and unless these ends are kept in view, and this work is carried on successfully and with some sort of plan, then the whole Experiment station is a failure, and the sooner the Station and the College are separated from the University, the better it will be for the College and Station, and all concerned. J. C, Evans—This paper opens up a vast field for discussion. I want to say a few words. Itis not generally known by the people of the State of Missouri that the government of the United States gives the State some $40,000 a year for the work of the Agricultural College and the Experiment station. This much money is absorbed every year, and what have we done? We have not a college that is worth the name. Mr. Waters is here; he is familiar with this work, and can cover the ground. Col. Waters—This question is too big to discuss now. Iam not disposed to lay the censure so much upon the Board of Curators and the professors in charge as upon the organic laws. The Board of Curators, the President of the University, the Dean of the Agriculta- ral College and the Director of the Station shift the responsibility about from one to the other. Nobody knows why anybody else failed to accomplish the work to be done. I think the management should be changed. Itis certainly doing us no good whatever as now con- — ducted. Who is to blame and who is to censure I don’t know. As a stock-raiser, I have watched for results from the College and Stationin vain. I amalso with the horticulturists of this country. They have not taken up the breeding of fruits as they should have done. Suppose we should pay no more attention to the breeding of stock than has been paid to fruit. Our stock would go down in a few years ~ to the veriest scrubs. The American people and the people of Mis- souri are being waked up to this question. I dare say they are wak- ing up to the importance of this subject. Mr. Smithe said recently to the Trans-Mississippi convention at St. Louis: “The American people can sleep longer and remain in ignorance of their true condition, and awaken quicker, than any other people upon earth.” WINTER MEETING. 137 L. A. Goodman—Let us have suggestions for the work of the Experiment station. Mr. Morrill of Michigan—I am surprised to hear that your Hatch station has not done aaything of value to the fruit-growers of the State. Your horticulturists, as the boy said, are making the waste places glad ; they are doing a wonderfal work upon the Ozarks; they are making your cheap lands valuable; they are huntiog dollars for themselves, I admit, but they have increased the value of land in Southern Missouri a hundred million dollars. This adds to your taxable wealth, and gives employment to your people. Prof. Taft is worth a millian dollars to the state of Michigan. The State of Missouri is to blame for letting him go to Michigan. I don’t know your laws, but you must rattle the dry bones at your Agricultural college. I-don’t know what is the mat- ter, but there is something wrong. Mr. Holsinger of Kansas—I think we have done better in Kansas, but these schools of agriculture and horticulture have a bhum-drum way of doing things. I believe I could plant more trees or vines in a day than the whole college. B. F. Smith, of Kansas—I came to Kansas about 15 years ago, and have been running a station of my own. Anyone did not seem to know what kinds of fruits would succeed there. Among other things, they said I should mulch strawberries in the summer time. I did not believe that would do. I think it is now time for us to have some benefit from the Sta- - tions. I have been spending money for what the Station should have done. Mr. Morrill—In our State a man who knows something of fruit- growing can go there and buy a piece of land, send to the Station and get a list of the fruits that will succeed in his soil and locality; also a similar list of vegetables. Cornell took Bailey from us; Taft is a good substitute. I think it is much harder to breed fruit than stock. Mr. Holsinger—I believe that great good could be done by di- viding up the Experiment station money among different parts of the State. Edwin Taylor is worth more to the state of Kansas than both Agricultural college and Experiment station together. REPORT OF SPECIAL COMMITTEE. Your Committee appointed to consider the status of the Missouri . Experiment station, beg leave to report: 1. Wecommend Secretary Goodman’s address read at the Tren- _ ton meeting, as relating to Experiment station work. + SS) ees Oo) ene s 138 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 2. From all the information at hand, we think the work done by the Station, judging by results obtained, has fallen short of expecta- tions, and in no sense commensurate with the expenditure in its main- tenance, 3. A thorough reformation if not reorganization is needed. 4. To the end that the work at the Station may receive an impetus, become of a thoroughly practical character, and be under the supervi- sion of those directly interested iv the matter, we suggest ihat the entire management be transfered to the State Board of Agriculture and State Horticultural Society. G. W. WATERS, Chairman. R. E. BAILEY, A. NELSON. WEDNESDAY, Dec. 5—9 a. m. Pres. Evans—We will take up the regular program this morning. We have delegates from [llinois, Michigan and Kansas. I hope they will feei at home, just as if they were in their own states. If they have anything to say, I want them to say it freely.’ The first paper this morning is, Prevention of Root Blight, by S. W. Gilbert, Thayer, Mo. Prevention of Root Blight. By 8. W. Gilbert. It is a lamentable fact that there are hundreds, yes, thousands of apple-trees dying in many states of the Union. Why should this be so? Thousands of trees that now appear perfectly healthy are already doomed to a. very short life. Go with me, if you please, and visit the hundreds of orchards that I have been in, in the last three years, and ~ observe closely the way in which they are pruned and cultivated, and see if we can get an object-lesson that will aid us in our work. Here we find an orchard that has very low heads, with no pruning at all, except just enough to keep the head in good shape, having in view a straight center shoot to have a well-balanced tree. The next. orchard will have the heads started low, but all small twigs cut off the © trunk and of all large branches for from three to four feet from the trunk. The next one we find high heads with no pruning of small branches, and the next one will have the high heads with all small — « ‘ ‘ XN a . \ 4 WINTER MEETING. 139 twigs cut off the main limbs for a distance of three to five feet from the trunk, leaving only a small fly-brush at the end of the limbs. Some of them will be well cultivated, and others neglected. The first orchard that came under our observation we will find more live and thrifty trees 10 to 1 than inany other orchard. | Of all the orchards that i have visited, I have yet to see the first tree that has died from what we call root blight, after coming into bearing age, that has had its head started very low, say six inches to a foot from the ground, and all the smal! limbs left untouched. TI infer, then, that if we plant only such trees that have very low heads, and leave our knives at home and do the main part of our pruning by pinch- ing, our trees will be more healthy and live longer thanif pruned in any other way. I know that this method will not meet the approval of many fruit- growers of the State, but I firmly believe that until something better is found to prevent the death of our trees, it will be better to have limbs and apples lying on the ground all over the orchard on the low limbs than to have no trees. To be sure, the apples grown on the low limbs will be deficient in color and flavor; but if hogs can be putin the orchard, they will eat all the fruit on the lower limbs, and make the balauee all the better by having a head that will protect the body of the tree and the ground under it from the hot rays of the sun. * Orchard Trees and Tree Fruit. By Conrad Hartzell, St. Joseph, Mo. Profit in fruit-growing is the great prompter. Beauty demands some attention—perhaps too little. Trees for value first; secondarily for beauty. Trees for the orchard is our theme. No disparaging word is hereby offered to the term shrub, but it should never be accorded the place ofa tree in the orchard. A'l manner of trees bear- ing fruit were planted in the first orchard in a selected place, “ east- ward in Eden.” No account of shrubbery being planted there. Man’s business there was to dress and keep the orchard. Beauty and value were the governing propositions. Trees for the orchard—not shrubs—claims the attention in pro- gressive horticulture. Too great haste commonly spoils the orchard. The desire for too many shrubs—not trees—has wonderfully misled very many fruit-growers in Missouri and elsewhere. Misguided begin- nings hinder all manner of enterprises, but more particularly hinder eee 140 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. horticulture. Profitable orchard trees must be thrifty and of proper tree shape; must have a body as well as roots and limbs. Beautifal trees in the orchard are only such when really trees. Proper tree shape is a perpendicular, upright, one-trunk tree, both for beauty and profit. A tree most profitable requires a proper beginning, which should be the leading thought of the nurseryman. Quick profits is too often the inspiring maxim; shrubs instead of trees are used. Root cuttings and shrub tops are so-called trees, but they can only at best be short-lived, and shorter profit, and the misguided or- chardist is always sufferer. If there was no other desire than profit in growing orchards, that is best realized in growing trees in the orchard instead of shrubs, because better fruit, and more of it, can be grown per acre on trees than on shrubs. Trees are easier kept clean than shrubs. Trees are naturally designed for growing the best fruit. Whole roots are good, but whole tops are where the best fruit grows; therefore the whole tree is required to bring the best result. Too much cutting has been done at the wrong time, too little attention has been given to starting the orchard properly. Trees cannot be grown without time and attention; there are many things to be fully considered and industriously manipulated in producing a long-lived, profitable and beautiful orchard. Trees can be made to live long, and be profitable and beautiful all the while, by starting them properly in well prepared land. Selection of locality is important, but whenever planted, care is very necessary. Insect trouble comes mostly from neglect, but much less trouble and loss will be found with “trees” than with too many shrubs. “Clean,” well-shaped trees are not inviting homes for insects, while shrubs afford the insects most comfortable homes, winter and summer. Tree fruit, apples, pears, peaches, plums, cherries and others, including quinces, require trees upon which to grow, not only for beauty but for the best fruit and most of it; even gooseberries and currants are nearest perfect when grown on tree- shaped plants; therefore, full-grown men should grow “trees” in the orchard; planting shrubs instead of trees is like children’s play in- stead of man’s business. Tree planting has a very special meaning when properly considered. To cause long life in the tree it must be planted in the ground, not set on the hard, unprepared earth, and must be given sufficient room. Shrubs do not require much room, therefore they have been used by the thousand, and by many have been called trees, because they were obtained from nurserymen, and by them recommended to be better than trees, because many more could be planted. ‘. : WINTER MEETING. 141 Too many trees, or even too many shrubs, per acre is a great mis- take. Trees, to be profitable, must have plenty of room. Well-started trees and properly taken care of can be kept in thrifty, profitable bearing more than doxnble the time usually seen under ordinary treat- ment, and during all these many years be entitled to the dignified name of beautiful trees, and at the same time be the joy and delight, as well as the profit, of the owner. Efforts to grow pears and quinces on shrubs have so very often proven abortive, even more so than apples and peaches. Good, well-developed, thrifty pear and quince trees are easily obtainable, not by dwarfing, but by starting and pur- suing common-sense treatment. This must be done by a plan within the reach of any and all fruit-growers who are willing to plant and grow trees instead of shrubs. A departure from present methods must be fully adopted and followed. Exact distance to plant trees apart, all kinds of trees on all kinds of land for best results, cannot be given, nor Gan in all trees exact length of body of trees be given; but. a well-defined, visible, straight, one-trunk, smooth, clean body, of suffi- cient length to keep up and hold the limbs above the ground, so that the fruit may be gathered without creeping under brushy shrabs. Cut- back, dwarfed trees or shrubs are generally too well supplied with limbs, and in a few years go into general decline and worthlessness, so that they are dead-old by the time that, if they were properly shaped and given a natural good -chance, would be just coming into good, profitable bearing. Tall trees—high-top trees—are not desirable, but heavy-bearing, long-lived trees are always most profitable, and in order thereto, trees must be started right. Shaping and pruning must be completed before trees come into heavy bearing. Very little pruning is needed if done at the right season andintime. A man must be willing to be governed in some measure by nature, but he should be manly. The inexhaustible subject of horticulture will be more easily and thoroughly understood when its advocates cease working against na- ture. When trees are more generally planted in preference to shrubs; when it becomes generally known that a much less number of trees will produce a much greater quantity and better quality of fruits than can be done with shrubs, and dwarfed and stunted bunches of roots and tops, and when trees 40 and 50 years old bear as good fruit as when they first came into bearing. Nurserymen should be paid a price for * trees” for transplanting that will fuily justify them in using up one whole root for one “tree.” Nurserymen can afford to encour- age growth in roots, body and limbs or tops, and very measurably stop cutting, cut, cut, cutting. Growth is wanted for trees. Shape must be 142 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. given to trees, and they must be dressed and kept by helping nature in her very interesting work. The wind waving the young trees is a very great help in strength- ening them for their greater age. The one greater mistake than all others is that shrubs only can stand the western winds. Nurserymen, of all others, should know that trees of proper shape stand the prai- rie winds better, even when fruiting, thau those cut back and thrown out of proper shape, and thereby made weak and worthless. Close observation for many years fally enables me to speak understandingly and without any fear of successful contradiction. Therefore, it is ex- ceedingly important that a very necessary change from shrubs to. “trees” for the orchards for the future in the Mississippi valley be inaugurated before the close of the Nineteenth century. DISCUSSION. N. I’. Murray—I will state my experience in Holt county. We have had this same question as to the height of trees for 25 years. Some of the old orchards did grow and make large trees with high heads. Some of these trees are living yet. Hence some people advo- eate high trees. In our county the men who try to grow these high trees are not selling any fruit. J. R. Miller has 500 trees with limbs one to two feet above the ground. In 1890 he refused the price they offered him and got the highest price for his fruit. This last year he got as much as any man in the county. In another neighborhood a man with an orchard with tops five to six feet high has never sold $25 worth of fruit. The most persistent man in growing high tops in our county is now going back to low tops. He now says, “give us the low tops. They are the trees that bear fruit.” I would not give a pound of success for a ton of theory. Mr. Hartzell—I would refer to two orchards in Platte county as evidence for high trees. Mr. Murray grows trees. He don’t grow shrubs. I have seen trees not higher than the weeds in same field. It is a mistake to grow trees so low we can’t get under them. We want the limbs high enough to walk under good. I am talking for the good of the.fruit man. I have no trees to sell. J. W. Green—Let us make a little calculation. The limbs of a tree will droop two or three feet when full of fruit. If the man is six feet high his trees must be eight or nine feet to keep the branches high enough for him to walk under. I want to call your attention to an or- chard here in this county. It is the best orchard and the most profit-— able in the county. The trees are sixteen feet apart and the limbs come clear to the ground. It bears the finest fruit I know. WINTER MEETING. ; 143 As to this whole-root business it looked like it would make a bet- ter tree. I had 100 whole-roots some twelve or fifteen inches long, grafted, and took a stick, drove it into the ground and planted the whole-root. They grew and made the nicest trees I ever saw, and that was aboutall they ever did. My theory is that the roots were poor- growing seedlings. When the trees were four years oid they were not bigger than my cane. There is absolutely nothing in the whole-root business. The first trees I planted were 33 feet apart; the next, 30 feet apart. I then decreased the distance to 25 feet, and again to 21 feet. I was induced to do this closer planting by what I saw at Olden. I think Mr. Gilbert is right, except in one thing. Hogs in the orchard are in the wrong place. He bas some hogs down there that if they stood on their hind legs they could pick the apples from the highest trees. S. W. Gilbert: I have hogs in my young orchard and have seen no bad effects from them. I planted three-year trees in 1889. Two years later I’ replanted with one-year trees. These are now as large as the others. J.C. Evans: I[t was Arkansas hogs the Doctor saw. Mr. Gilbert lives near the line. N. F. Murray: The majority of the trunks of my trees range from two to three and one-half feet. In the older part of the orchard the trees with trunks over four feet high are dead. This orchard, 23 years old with low tops, netted me $50 per acre last year. I was about to cut it down, but I will let it stand. I believe a little judicious pinching or pruning is the proper thing to do. Low tops shade the ground, prevent weeds from growing under the trees, and protect the trees from the sun. The frait is also easily picked. I get my apples picked for four or five cents a barrel. An- other man paid 15 cents, and contended that apples did not pay. The distance apart ought to vary with the variety and the land. We think 25 feet is a very good distance. Mr. Kelsey: What is the cause of the death of high-top trees ? Mr. Murray: I think sun-scald is one of the causes. The wind blows the trees to the northeast and exposes the trunks to the burning sun. Great damage is done in the winter season, in February and March, when there is no foliage upon the trees. It is occasioned by alternate freezing by night and thawing by day, until the bark of the tree is killed dead. You will find in almost every instance that the damage is on the southwest side. 144 STATE HORTICULTURAL, SOOIETY. Mr. Gilkeson: How do you cultivate such low trees? Mr. Murray: When the trees are small, I cultivate close to them. Later I plow up the center and cultivate with a two-horse cultivator, harrow and hoe. Very little will grow under low-head trees. Every argument is in favor of the low, heavy head. When the top is heavy laden, you don’t have to go under the tree. Mr. Holsinger: Don’t you find the ground softer under the trees ? Mr. Murray: Yes, thatis a fact. Last year when it was so dry, buyers from New York were afraid that the apples would not mature. They scratched under the trees and found moisture within three inches of the surface, and were satisfied that the fruit would come to perfec- tion. Mr. Goodrich, of Illinois: My specialty is the stone-fruits and berries. I am inclined to the view that western men do not dread low trees. There is certainly great advantage in shading the ground, and shading the body of the trees. One striking point in favor of low heads is protection from the sun. Low trees can be picked for one- fourth of the cost of picking tall trees. I have some cherry-trees so high that it does not pay to pick them atall. In Illinois there are 1,000,000 trees of one or two varieties in one locality. Where will we get pickers when all these trees have a full crop? If we grew trees for looks we might grow them as forest trees, but we are working for profit, and I think the trend is toward low trees. B. F. Smith, of Kansas: I have been a close observer in Kansas. Some varieties need more pruning than others. Some have branches — that drop more than others; such trees should be started higher than those with upright branches. Some of the older orchards are now doing no good. I think, after six or seven years of heavy bearing, a tree is ready to be cut down. Dr. Green —I will give you a little experience of mine this year. Part of my orchard has been in blue-grass for 20 years. This part was. used as a calf-pasture for this year. The apples on this part were just as good as those on the cultiuated part. I believe we need fertilization more than cultivation. Mr. Smith —What this Society approves has much effect through — the country. Mr. Holsinger has a wonderful theory about roots and tops. Ithink the roots and top of a tree should correspond. I should not expect a tree to grow with large top and small roots, and vice versa. I don’t believe in ‘the blue-grass theory; it binds and makes the tree suffer for moisture. Mr. Holsinger—aA little fresh experience along this line: I will explain how I happened along this line. It is entire nonsense to cut WINTER MEETING. 145 a tree back when transplanted, to make the top balance the roots. I have taken scions four feet long and grafted them to one-half inch of root and had them grow right along. I have taken trees of my own growing four years old, too large to sell, transplanted them, and in four more years (eight years from the graft), had them bear two barrels of apples to the tree. This is a fact. Mr. Goodman—The Society does not indorse what any man says. Everything said in these papers or discussions goes for what it is worth, and every person is responsible for his own statements. Some years ago Mr. Haseltine, of Springfield, with his 640-acre orchard, ad- vocated no cultivation. For a few years he had wonderful success ; he now raises nothing but cider apples. You can’t tell me that we can grow an orchard without cultivation because in the rich, virgin soil some one may for a few years get wonderful results in this way. As to the large tops and small roots, that must be taken with al- lowance, also. You can’t take a tree in June and cut all the top from it, plant it in June and have it live. If that tree had been planted in the spring, while dormant, it might have made a fair growth. In grow- ing those large water-sprouts with a small piece of root, it was growing a cutling. People grow numbers of apples from cutlings, like growing quinces. Some varieties will do very well certain seasons. Mr. Green—I don’t wish to go on record as favoring no cultiva- tion. I have cultivated my orchard nicely, with the exception named. Mr. Morcili—What we learn at home we are sure of. When I lived in Missouri I would not have trees high. You have summer and winter here badly mixed. There is not a particle of evidence in favor of a high-bodied tree in any part of Missouri. In Michigan I have a 35-foot extension ladder, and then I lack 30 feet of reaching the tops of some of my old apple trees. The trunks of some of them are two and one-half feet thick. Pres. T. T. Lyon is the best living authority in the United States today. The trees he planted at the Experiment station at South Ha- ven, Mich., have heads only 18 inches from the ground. When I asked him if that was trunk enough for an apple-tree, he said: “If you can give me any reason for more trunk,I will discuss the matter with you.” My experience is in favor of low-headed trees in Michigan. In cutting back trees for buds we find those trees do best which are cut back most. Our tall trees break down in the crotch. We are rapidly getting into a frame of mind that doesn’t want a long-bodied tree or a long-limbed tree. : H—10 146 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Mr. Hartzell: In self-defense, I will say something about the preparation of the ground. We must prepare the ground before we put the trees in. No one ever saw a sun-scalded tree in properly pre- pared ground. We must emphasize the fact of planting the tree in the ground. Mr. Morrill: Some of you are familiar with Prof. Brunk. He has shown by experiment that a tree pruned of its side roots when planted will, in a few years, have a better system of roots than trees planted with all their roots. B. F. Smith: When an apple-tree starts down hill and the crop becomes unprofitable, cut it down. Next came one of the most important papers of the meeting. — The Lessons of the Hour. A. Nelson, Lebanon, Mo. Shall we, as horticulturists, profit by its teachings? The lost ap- ple crops the past three years have had a demoralizing effect on many of our horticulturists; but to the man who takes a philosophical view of the losses sustained, and once stops to consider that other crops have failed, that business men failed, that corporations, banks and bankers failed, and when they fail, the results are much more disastrous than the loss of one, two or even three apple crops. You may ask, why? My answer is, that when our crops of fruit fail, it is giving to our orchards, in many cases, a much-needed rest. You must un- derstand, if you do not already understand, that fruit-trees need, like men or beasts of burden, seasons of rest and time to recuperate; but our fruit losses have come upon us wholly through climatic conditions. A change is coming, and is near at hand, and the man or men who have carefully cared for and watched their orchards, as they ought to have done, will reap a golden harvest in the near future. I knowthere ~ are those who have met with serious losses. Take the grasshopper plague of little more than a year ago, then the untimely frosts that killed outright, in many cases, and badly damaged in others, so many acres of orchard recently planted; then. after all, comes on the locust plague, putting on the finishing touch to many thousands of newly- planted orchard trees. To such who have met with these losses, I can only say, do not be discouraged. Do not give up, for apple trees of the finest quality can be bought at very low prices. Labor is cheap, and there is no better time to plant than right now, for we have facts before us that will give you courage. at Pt ee Pe ee a ees WINTER MEETING. 147 During the days in St. Louis with the Missouri fruit exhibit at the Exposition, the Secretary of our Society received numerous letters of which the following isa part: “One fruit man with twelve acres of orchard, eight acres planted, sold twelve hundred barrels at $1.45 per barrel, fruit hanging on the trees, leaving the refuse apples to be used on the farm.” Twelve hundred barrels at $1.45 makes $1740, or $145 per acre. How many acrcs of wheat, corn or oats would it take to produce this amount of money from twelve acres of orchard land? Another one of the correnpondents had twenty acres of orchard trees, either ten or eleven years planted. This man sold his crop for $4000, or $200 per acre—thus showing that a true horticulturist has no need of being discouraged. In different parts of our country there have been trees put out on what is known as the “two-crop” plan: that is, the planter gives the nurseryman two crops of apples in fifteen years simply for the pur- chase price of the trees. While this, in many cases, may induce tree- planting, the cost of the trees is too great, thereby proving a hindrance to horticulturists’ interest rather than benefiting it. To illustrate this further, I have any number of first-class trees, from 20,000 to 40,- 000, that I would gladly give out on the ‘“‘one-crop” plan, or one crop in twelve years, giving the planter the option to pay for these at any time within eight years, if he so wished to Go. And even one crop in twelve years is paying many prices for the trees. PLANTING TOO MANY VARIETIES. After years of study upon this question of orchards and orchard- ing, and consulting and deliberating with the leading horticulturists of ‘the State, I have come to this conclusion: That we are planting too many varieties of apples and I want to say right now that a man con- templating planting one thousand or more trees, if he does not give variety and soil a careful study and post himself thoroughly, especially on varieties, that man will be lost in the shuffle. Six varieties are plenty; eight varieties are more than plenty; but in no case or under any circumstances should a man wishing to plant an orchard be talked into putting out more than ten varieties at the most. After years of study and careful observation made at the World’s fair in Chicago, and at two great fruit shows in St. Louis, and from evidence gained here and there, I shall attempt at this time to name some ten varieties that will cover the list from a commercial stand- point, by giving a brief sketch and history of each apple as it comes in turn (showing to you the fruit as well as the trees—making it, as it were, an object-lesson ). Commencing first with the old stand-by, the 148 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOOIETY. Ben Davis; second, the Gano; third, the Clayton; fourth, the York Imperial; fifth, the Ingram; sixth, the Jonathan; seventh, the Grimes Golden; eight, the Robinson Pippin; ninth, the Babbitt, and tenth the Minkler; of these varieties, as you will notice, two are green or yellow, and eight are either red or splashed with red, all good size and color, all good keepers, good growers and ‘good for commercial purposes. A brief sketch of each of these famous apples may not be out of place, but rather be of interest to many of you. The Ben Davis originated in Kentucky nearly, if not quite, 100 years ago, known there first as the Kentucky Red-Streak. Then in after years it received the name of New York Pippin. Cions of these famous apples were sent into Illinois and there largely propagated and from there received its now famous name, Ben Davis, and from that date it has been known the world over by its present name. The origin or parentage of this apple is unknown. The Gano, one of the most beautiful as well as promising apples, was first found growing in Northwest Missouri on an old Indian farm. Mr. Gano, after whom this apple was named, having his attention fre- quently called to the beauty and excellence of the apple, took a lively interest in its propagation; and when the Olden Fruit Company of Howell county was organized, Mr. Gano was selected as its first super- intendent, and from that period on began the propagation of this now famous apple, which is now being extensively planted wherever it is known. The old tree, if now living, is known to be over 60 years of age. Some say of this apple that it is a sport or chance seedling of the Ben Davis, while I claim it is the old original “Ben” himself, only under another method of treatment, and appears somewhat better in good company. The Clayton, another one of the grand new apples, was first. brought to the notice of the fruit-growers by Maj. Ragan of Indiana. The tree is a strong, upright grower in the nursery, as well as in the orchard, and will stand planting at least four feet closer together than most standard varieties of apples. The New York Imperial is another one of the newer apples—a grand one it is in all respects. The tree is a strong, hardy grower, not subject to blight or disease. This apple is a seedling of the Little Red Romanite, and, like its parent,a good keeper and a good com- mercial apple. The Ingram should never be left out of a planting, large or small, as Owing to its late blooming, it is always sure of a crop when nearly every other variety fails. Its parentage is the old Jeniting on one side; no one knows the other. The tree is a good grower, wood WINTER MEETING. 149 tough and hardy, anda most beautiful sight to see it loaded with its beautiful fruit, especially a year like this one when apples are nearly a failure. The Jonathan, one of the best in the list, is a purely dessert apple, but must be omitted from the list unless one has favorable ground for planting it, which I will gladly give my ideas upon should any one want to plant. This fancy apple is a seedling from one of the best dessert apples ever known, the old Esopus Spitzenburg. If there is an eastern or northern man within the sound of my voice, he will bear me out in this assertion. The Grimes Golden is another fancy dessert apple, and by some prized as highly as the Jonathan. The parentage of this fine apple is unknown, but enongh of the apple is known to give it a high place with the horticulturists of this country. The Robinson Pippin—This fine apple, its origin and parentage unknown, has worked its way, unaided and alone, to the front in South and Southwest Missouri. I pronounce it among the best— equal in all respects as to flavor and quality to the famous old Newtown Pip- ‘ pin, of the Hudson river, New York. The tree is a good, strong grower in an orchard — not quite so handsome in the nursery as some others, but no planter should leave it out of his list. The Babbitt—This beautiful apple has been before the public but a short time, yet has gained a strong foot-hold among horticulturists wherever planted and fruited, and is now being largely planted in the northern part of the State. Its parentage is the famous Baldwin apple of the East. This treeis a strong, vigorous grower of a somewhat differ- ent formation from many other varieties, as you may note by examin- ing the tree. The tenth and last, but not least, on the list isthe Minkler. This noted apple is another that claims the Little Red Romanite for its pa- rentage. This is a wonderful growing tree in the nursery as well asin the orchard. The apples are fine for general family use, as well as dessert, and are being extensively planted all over Southwest Missouri, and will soon be one of the leaders. As I first stated, ten varieties are too many to plant, as the true aim of all horticulturists should be quality first and quantity second. And why not? The successful stock-grower should use for his motto, “ quality, quality!” And that single word should be carved on every gate leading to the orchards and to nurseries, and on the doors of every breeding establishment let the motto be “ quality.” If my time were not limited, I would like to give you some ideas picked up, not only at our exposition at home, but at the World’s fair 150 STATE HORTIOULTURAL SOCIETY. as well as in other places where our fruits have been exhibited; but briefly, I will take our present fruit exhibit at the Exposition at St. Louis, where for 40 days our State Horticultural Society has kept on exhibition from 1200 to 2000 plates of Missouri fruits. This fruit which I show to you now is a specimen of said fruits, taken from the Exposition exhibit, except two or three plates of local growth. This exhibit at St. Louis, while it cost much care and anxiety to those who have had it in charge (they did their work well)—I say the exhibit was. a care, and so it was, a8 not only thousands and tens of thousands of our own people of this State viewed it in all its grandeur, but many more thousands from all over the United States, and some foreigners thrown in, viewed with delight this wonderful exhibit of fruits from grand old Missouri. SOME WANTS OF HORTICULTORISTS. But to the lessons of the hour; are we improving them? The horticulturists of the State are asking that, commencing with another year of fruitage, experiments be started and carried out in the way of fertilizing, pollenizing and cross-breeding of our hardy fruits, seeking - thereby an improvement upon even our very best varieties of apples, pears, etc. We believe it is possible, and the horticulturists of the State are waiting and watching to see if the good people of Columbia, who are in charge of the experimental work, will not take up this line, and by so doing lead us, the horticulturists of Missouri, out into light, where we now are groping in the dark. Weask, why cannot the apple, the peach, the pear and other fruits be improved upon by this line of work of cross-fertilization until they become standard or thoroughbred, the same as is brought about in all other lines of breeding? Why can we not, by selections from our largest and most perfect specimens of our hardiest fruits, and*at the same time the strongest and hardiest trees, not start this line of work? From these results then commence propagation from such stock, and soon there will be a let-up to the decaying of trees at the roots, tree blights and an early decay of trees in our orchards. Has not this early decay of trees come from the reckless way of collecting seeds from the poorest specimens of imma- ture fruits—imperfect peach seed from the canning factories and such establishments, and apple seeds from the cider mills, where nothing but the poorest of the orcbardsever go? And this is all done because our nurserymen, as a Class, call it cheap, instead of being just as care- ful in selecting peach and apple seed as the farmer is in the selection of his seed of corn, wheat, etc., or the gardener of his seeds. WINTER MEETING. 151 Why may we not expect that our Experiment station will take up this line of work that would go through a line of years? Possibly not to benefit you and me, but it will benefit those who will soon be called upon to fill the places we are filling today. I believe it is possible, Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, to breed a line of fruit that will be hardy enough to stand such chilly winds and frosts that lost us our fruit crop this last season, and at the same time improve in quality. Mr. Chairman, you know that this work of experimenting is being carried on, not only in our State, but in many other states, in a small way by individuals. But the life of one man is too short to take up the line of work here suggested, and as the general government has donated very handsomely to our State many thousand dollars per year to carry out this and other lines of experimental work, why not from the Experiment station iet this work start and be carried out in such a way that the people will be benefited thereby? It is not my inten- tion or wish to follow this line further, but to bring to your minds, in as brief way 4s possible, more important lines of work that the horticul- turists and fruit-growers of the State feel that we want more know- ledge upon, for, as above stated, we nor any one of usare abie to carry these lines of work to completion; but we do ask the Station to take it up and carry it through, that the future generations may work in the light where we are working in the dark. One or two more points and I will close. The fruit-growers of Missouri would like to know of this matter of spraying, to rid our or- chards of the different orchard pests, and would like to know abonat the value of Paris green and other substances used for spraying. How pure is the Paris that goes to the public? Has the Experiment Sta- tion fixed its seal to any particular brand, so that they can tell the fruit- growers of Missouri how many ounces of poison should be used to one hundred gallons of water? And again, we want the managers at the Station to tell the fruit-growers what are the cheapest and best fertili- zers to use on their soil; hew to make them at home, or how to obtain them and where to obtain them the cheapest—as the time is at hand when this subject of plant food, especially food to the orchards, will have to be taken up, and why not take it up now? I believe nowisa goodtime. I have, no doubt, gone far enough in outlining some prom- inent wants of the fruit-growers of Missouri, and for fear of wearying you, I will close ; but let me tell you, fellow-horticulturists, these ques- tions are among some of the all-important subjects the horticulturists want answered. 152 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. DISCUSSION, J. OC. Evans—Mr. Nelson is mistaken in regard to the origin of the Gano apple. Old man Jacks of Platte county formerly lived in How- ard county. In his old orchard in Howard county, you will find large old trees of the same apple, older than any in Platte county. Mr. Gilkeson—We have the same apple in Johnson county. ©. C. Bell—Perhaps old man Jacks was an Indian. J.C, Bender—Itis the leaves that make the roots, and not the roots that make the leaves of atree. It all comes from the atmos- phere, and nothing from the land. Orchards and lands plowed most will soonest become exhausted. Tramping will ruin any land. In Belgium and all over Europe, they never have cattle upon the Jand. Their trampinvg kills the land. Mr. Dodd—I think we ought to have a law charging a man $100 license for advocating the growing of grass in orchards before a horti- cultural Society. Mr. Morrill—I have got something worth the trip from Michigan. We are told that the fertility is all in the air, and that the trees draw nothing from the soil. We have just as good orchards in Michigan as any state, but they cost us a great deal of money to keep them fer- tilized. If we can keep them up on air, it is the best thing I have learned to take home with me. Dr. Green—I think we are doing but little of the cultivation. Harth-worms are doing the most of it. Just think of it! five tons of earth-worms to the acre! You can grow them in blue-grass. L. A. Goodman—You can’t grow anything in the green-house in soil full of earth-worms. Just as soon as we find earth-worms we kill them. J. C. Bender—Only 5 per cent of vegetation comes from the ground; the rest comes from the air. The fact that there are no pores in the roots of plants ought to prove that they grow from the air. Mr. Morrill—Do plants get their phosphoric acid from the air? Mr. Bender—Manure and fer eli are applied to soils to improve their mechanical condition. Mr. Murray—It may be very nice to listen to these fine theories, but it is a condition that confronts us, and not atheory. Twenty-five years ago we had too many summer and fallapples. Now we are at the other extreme. I find that summer apples pay well. I start with Early Harvest, continue with Red Astrachan, Maiden’s Blush, Rambo, Ben Davis, Jonathan and Winesap. The last three are enough for — WINTER MEETING. 153 winter. The Winesap bears well; trees 25 years of age are still bear- ing; it is gaining in favor every year. The Willow Twig does well in limestone soil. There are not enough Jonathan grown yet; it can be kept all winter with proper care in picking, bandling and keeping. Dr. Smith—I think the Winesap has poor roots; it is lacking in foliage; when the tree is old the frnit is small. I think Mr. Nelson’s paper is a very valuable one; I think ten varieties too many; as many as six would not be needed. I think the Minkler would not supersede the Gilpin in this part of the State. Would not an acre of Maiden’s Blush pay as well as an acre of Ben Davis? I think the Grimes ex- celient—none better—but in our part of the State it dies by the root blight. I think a dollar a barre! for Ben Davis would pay as well as a dollar and a half for Jonathan. Mr. Darand has had success with the ~Jonathan, and I think he is right in holding on to it. I think it is the third rate in profile. I think Ben Davis, Willow, Winesap and Jona- than, are our most profitable winter apples. Maiden’s Blush and Red _Astrachan are the best early. Mr. Murray: Early fruit has paid well for several years, even in ‘small quantities. If we grow larger quantities and ship by the car- load, I think it will pay as well as winter fruit. Mr. Nelson: Mr. Murray, we don’t wish to interfere with the business of the small-fruit grower. In our part of the State we have -almost no local market, and would have to ship our summer fruit. It would come in competition with small fruits. Question—How is the Clayton ? It is one of the best in our locality. We have no old orchards ; we don’t know how it will last. Mr. Patterson—We have planted three-fourths Ben Davis and one-fourth Willow Twig, Jonathan, Clayton and Yellow Transparent. Five hundred trees of the Yellow Transparent, the earliest apple there ‘is, eight years from the graft, produced $400 worth of fruit. Mr. Fell—The three best are Ben Davis, Janet and Winesap. Our ‘Soil is deep, heavy, black. Mr. Gilkeson—I name Ben Davis, Jonathan and Grimes as the ‘three best. C. C. Bell—As a dealer, I find Ben Davis still in the lead. Wine- sap doesn’t pay, a8 a usual thing. Jonathan is best for the market, but I don’t advise any man to plant it longer. I think the most money is in a good winter apple. Mr. Blanchard—I woald certainly not omit Rome Beauty. Mr. Holsinger—I would plant, for money only, Ben Davis and mothing else. 154 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Mr. Boucher—Ipn Randolph we are planting mostly Ben Davis, Willow Twig and Jonathan. Mr. Lilly—Ben Davis is mostly planted in Livingston county. Grundy member--In this county I am planting Ben Davis, Willow Twig and Jonathan. This fall I have Willow Twig and Ben Davis. — The Jonathan will be set in the spring. Mr. Baxter—In Hancock county, Illinois, nine-tenths of the apples planted are Ben Davis. Next come Jonathan and Wythe. Mercer county member—We plant Ben Davis, Willow and Jona- than. Porter, Famense and Lowell pay well as fall apples. ‘ WEDNESDAY, Dec. 5—2 p. m. The following papers were all read before discussion : “ Hardy Peaches”—S. Blanchard. “ Peach Growing ”—C. Howard. “ Can We Breed a Hardy Peach ?”—Z,. T. Russell. Hardy Peaches, S. Blanchard, Oregon, Mo. It seems that our ralers at times take upon themselves great. authority to assign certain subjects to be explained or illlustrated (without our knowledge or consent) at such meetings as those where the best talent in the State and adjoining states is present. This can but be a very mortifying task to all not having a good share of egotism or self-esteem. But enough of this. The writer commenced the fruit business 32 years ago. My expe- rience bas been varied in that time, for at times for several years in succession our trees would be loaded with fruit, followed, sometimes, with as many years of failure. In 1862 we had an early hard freeze that not only killed peach trees, but many varieties of apples. Since then we had one winter that killed nearly all of our trees. ; The other failures have arisen from the effects of excessive cold in killing the buds. Hence we have had some good opportunities for testing the hardi- ness of the peach. Experience and observation have proven that the seedling trees are not more hardy than many of the budded varieties. i On my place the Hale’s Early and Crawford’s Late and Heath Cling have proven the most hardy ones. Hale’s Early has with the writer rotted badly on the trees. WINTER MEETING. 155. Peach-Growing. Clarence Howard, Willow Springs, Mo. Being only an amateur in the business, with but little experience, I shall only attempt to present that experience briefly, in order to open the subject for discussion. In planting the peach I am governed by no special rule or system, but use my own judgment. Sometimes I root-prune, and other times I do not, unless bruises ete. occur. My ground is marked off as deeply as possible with a double plow, then followed by a single shovel (as I have no sub-soiler); I then dig the hole, using pick, mattock and shovel, loosening the ground thor- oughly for several feet around the tree with the pick, throwing in a few shovelfuls of the best top-soil. I then set the tree and firm it well with my feet. Before planting, the roots are thoroughly soaked ina mulch of mud and water. If my tree isin good condition I sel- dom lose one. I prefer fail planting if the season is suitable, as the roots will have no leaf burden to support until spring; the rains and freezes of winter will firm the fine soil around the roots, and when the spring opens they are ready and willing to supply sufficient nourishment for the foliage without any detriment. Last fall I had 300 yearling apples to set, but only got out 150, and in the following spring the other 150 were set. All of these trees were growing and doing nicely until the locusts made their appear- ance. The locusts served all alike, and the result was: those that were set in the fall pulled through all right, while four-fifths of those set in the spring died from the effects. From this little experience, I believe I can safely recommend fall planting. I would naturally infer that this would apply to the peach as well as the apple, although the locusts did not puncture my peaches as badly as they did the apples. However, I believe my point is sustained. I have several other evidences of proof, and should there be a doubter, I would advise an experiment. I believe thorough caltivation without any other crop is the thing for a peach orchard; yet I have never tried it. I have ex- perimented with corn, peas, clover, oats, etc. With corn and peas the results were good; if any difference, it’s in favor of the peas. Clover (with trees cultivated both ways) had apparently the same results, until the drouth, which seemed to have a telling effect. Early in the fall the 156 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. foliage had a slightly sickly appearance and began to drop prematurely. — The wood growth was not quite so good and thrifty as those in the corn and peas. This clover was spring-sown, and, of course, very tender. | Those that were in the oats without any cultivation were almost a — complete failure. These trees were sickly and wormy, with but little growth. I begin cultivating when I am preparing for my erop in the spring, and quit when the crops are laid by. I use double shovels, but I believe a pick or mattock would produce better results. After setting I generally cut to a whip, cut frequently, leaving a few prominent buds to shape the trees. The second and third years I cut from one-third to one-half, always having in mind the shape of the tree. Now, Mr. President, as J am very much pressed for time, I hope your Association will overlook all irregularities in these few scattering thoughts. Having so little experience in growing peaches, and less in telling what “I know” abont it, I felt a hesitancy in saying anything. So I tried to worm out of it, but your worthy Secretary, cruel as he is threw a lasso around my neck and drew me up to the slaughter. This reminds me of a little experience I had down the road a few years ago. I had just concluded reading “ Mulberry Sellers,” when a man came along and easily induced me to purchase one-half interest in a nursery establishment. Of course, the first thing was to let the. | people know that I was there for the purpose of making things “hum.” A card was struck off—“C. Howard, of. , has purchased one-half in- terest in ; 21 years’ experience as a nurseryman and orchardist.” In fact, I did not know aWild Goose plum from a black-jack. Ten days | later a prominent attorney met me, handed me one of my ecards, and stated that his orchards of various fruits had not been properly pruned for three years, and that he wanted it done properly, regardless of cost, — After making all excuses possible, to no effect, I said to myself, “He’s — nobody but a lawyer, anyway.” So { promised to be on hand the next day. Just imagine my surprise, on arrival, to find a class of female botany students, from a near-by college, waiting for the “professional” to come to get some points, as pruning was their next lesson. I charged that fellow 50 cents each for every tree I pruned, and still have his note drawing eight per cent. 4 ¢ tof a « = a ee | ee ee Oe eee a ~ WINTER MEETING. 157 Can We Breed a Hardy Peach? Z. T. Russell, Carthage, Mo. That man may and does have great influence over many of the products of nature, changing them this way and that, within certain limits, as he may desire, is a proposition that few will care to dispute. As illustrating this may be mentioned domestic animals of all kinds, and fruits and flowers of every kind and description. We are all more or less familiar with the results that have been accomplished by skillful, systematic work in the breeding of poultry and pet stock. Old breeds have been greatly improved and entirely new ones pro- duced. Their form, size, color and other qualities and characteristics. have been changed or modified almost at pleasure. The sense of smell has been greatly developed in some varieties of the dog, giving us the almost human pointers and setters of today, while in others, like the greyhound, speed has been developed and the sense cf smell left com- paratively dormant. Again, see what has been done toward the im- provement of our swine from the “hazel-splitter” of olden times to the fine breeds of today. They have been developed in the direction of early maturity and in their ability to take on fat, and at the same time they have been bred to a uniformity in other respects, of form, color, size, etc., that is perfectly wonderful. And what has been said of the foregoing is equally true of and applicable to sheep and cattle, some breeds being highly developed in a certain direction, as, for instance, the production of milk, while others are as highly developed, but in an entirely different direction, having, for instance,a tendency to lay on flesh. And all this has been brought about mainly by the skill of man. Again, take the American trotter. See what a wonderful develop- ment has been made of the ability to travel rapidly by the trotting gait. And canit be that man can do all this and still be unable to breed a hardier peach-tree than any we now have? And the vegetable kingdom, too, as well as the animal, is, to a very great extent, under the control of man. In fruits, vegetables and flowers, what wonderful changes have been wrought, and what aston- ishing developments made in the direction of the improvement of their color, size, form, earliness, hardiness, beauty, quality, ete. Many in- stances of these developments are familiar to you all. The rose, the gladiolus, the strawberry, grape, and nearly all garden vegetables, are familiar examples well known to all. But why go further into detail 158 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. or argument on this point. I do not think it can be denied that man has succeeded, to some extent at least, wherever he has tried, in de- veloping any propertiss or peculiarities possessed by a plant or an animal. Then, when his power bas been so great and his success so pronounced in other lines of a similar nature, why should he not breed a hardier peach tree? I believe he can, and that if the same care, skill and persistence is brought to bear on the breeding of a hardy | peach that has been necessary to produce a two-minute pacer or trot- ter, he is bound to succeed. Again, a race of hardy people are found in the cold countries; a race of hardy cattle are in possession of the cold lands; a race of hardy ponies and dogs are found there, and varieties of the apple, the blackberry and other fruits have been found or bred which can ‘endure the cold of northern latitudes. Then why can not varieties of the peach be produced which will do the same? If all varieties of the peach were equally tender, then improve- ment in the direction of hardiness might be despaired of; but we know that they vary greatly in this respect. Then, reasoning by anal- ogy from what has been done, all we have to do is to begin with the hardiest we have, and from them breed new varieties, and continue right on producing new varieties from the hardiest and best to be had. The hardiest peach I have tried is the Early York—an excellent variety in other respects, as well as being hardy. The Crosby is also said to be more hardy than others. Nowa good beginning might be made, I should think, by crossing these two varieties; and if the line of treatment here indicated is carried out, I van not see why trees may not be produced that will endure 10 or 15 degrees, at least, of cold more than any now existent. DISCUSSION. N. F. Murray—lIt is certainly time to make a step in the direction of a hardy peach. We must produce varieties that bloom later. We don’t need the whole summer to grow a peach in this latitude. In 100 varieties which we planted in Holt county, Hale’s Early was the hard- iest, because it blooms later. The Jonathan apple crop was lost insome parts of the State because it blooms early. Two weeks later bloom- ing would be a great point in its favor. I believe we can raise a hardier peach, so that we can have peaches nearly every year in North Mis- souri. Dr. Green—I believe that if you can get a tree to bloom once it is safe. I have noticed for the last ten years that when our trees bloom we have a crop. ¢ RAs : n " ‘ gl . \ ~ ae WINTER MEBRTING. 159 J. C. Evans—Our hardiest peach tree comes from Texas. I don’t believe you can get a tree from the north that will prove hardy in this climate. Mr. Baxter—I believe that Mr. Murray’s point of late blooming is the best made here today. Late blooming varieties are the best for apple, peach and everything. Mr. Murray—As to peaches never being killed after coming into bloom, the trouble is they are most liable to be killed by hard frosts before they come into bloom. EHarly blooming varieties swell early. Warm spells in the fall or winter swell the buds, making them liable to be killed. Mr. Gilkerson—The peach is sometimes killed in December, as a result of fall swelling. Mr. Russell—To keep the buds from swelling in warm, wet fall weather, I believe that something spread under the tree to keep the ground dry would be beneficial. Mr. Fell—I think the sun shining upon the branches has a great deal to do with the swelling of the buds. Trees upon the north side of houses sometimes bear when others fail. J. C. Evans—We can never raise peaches commercially with what kinds we have now. We must have new kinds, hardier than those we now have. All these appliances are not practicable upon a commercial scale. Mr. Murray—Shading the ground doesno good. There is enough sap in the branches to start the buds, even if the ground is frozen. I have seen trees bloom early on the north side of a hill, where the sun could hardly touch them. Mr. Chubbuck—In regard to breeding a hardy peach tree, Prof. Clark has a peach orchard in Massachusetts. He has observed that those trees which suffered from the cold have a peculiar form of blos- som. I don’t think we can make a hardy tree by crossing two varieties. I do think we would have to go north for such a tree. Mr. Baxter—Hach kind is true to its characteristics wherever it may have been grown. The Virginia seedling grape is not hardy in > cold climates, though it is late in blooming. Ives seedling will swell in February, and still prove hardy. So it is with the apple and pear. Mr. Goodrich, of Illinois—We have tried artificial protection a good deal and have been disappointed. Covering with cloth gave no practical results. In Southern Illinois peaches are sometimes killed when as large as the end of my finger. I was disappointed; I failed to see that Mr. Russell tells us where we have made any advance toward ahardy peach. My orchard of pears, cherries and peaches is 160 STATE HORTIOULTURAL SOOILHTY. now old enough to bear a crop. They bloomed, but we lost the crop. If we can retard the blooming it will be practical. L. A. Goodman—There are two causes of difference in the time of our peaches blooming. The trouble is not to find a peach-tree that is hardy enough. We have plenty of them. We want a peach witha hard, firm wood, that will retard the tree in blooming. One week’s difference in the time of blooming often makes the difference between success and failure. Some varieties ripen their wood thoroughly. Some varieties scarcely ripen at all, We can make some difference by cultivation. For instance, one week’s later cultivation in the fall will sometimes start the buds enough to lose the crop in the fall, while an orchard not cultivated at that time would stand the winter. Peaches sometimes stand 18° below zero, and we have had peaches; but to do this they must bein good condition. Mr. Murray—Among the hardier kinds I would name Oldmixon Free, Hale’s Columbia, Picket’s Late, Druid Hill and Mt. Rose. I would like a little further discussion of varieties, cultivating and pruning. We have men here from Michigan and Illinois who can tell us something. Mr. Goodrich—In Illinois we are still searching for the hardy peach. Crosby succeeds in Massachusetts, but does not succeed in New Jersey. Wiliit sueceed in Illinois? Do you think there is any promise in Mr. Budd’s Russian and Mother China importations ? Mr. Waters—There is a suggestion in a paper upon irrigation to be presented here that bears directly upon this subject. By keeping up a continuous growth the tendency of the sap to rise late in the season would be shut off. The wood would ripen at the proper time. Mr. Murray—I once had a fine crop of many varieties when the thermometer had been 21° below zero. I had a number of trees cul- tivated till winter. These trees were killed. Never cultivate after the first of July. About this tying up trees, we can’t get moisture enough. We have no trouble here in Missouri with the yellows. We have no yellows west of the Mississippi river, though I believe the Rural World did report yellows in Missouri last year. Editor Longman—The government report is responsible for the statement. J. C. Evans—The government is often responsible for things which are not responsible. SPRAYING. Mr. Gilkeson—I sprayed my apples twice. They were quite clear of moth. Another man in my vicinity had an orchard of 1200 bushels of apples. He sprayed well, and had hardly a moth. Another orchard WINTER MEETING. 161 not sprayed lost about half of its fruit by rotting; nearly every one of them had a moth. My spraying was done in May, with London purple—one pound to 160 gallons of water on part, and one pound to 200 gallons on part. The first year I sprayed, I used one pound to 100 gallons of water. The next year I used one pound to 150 gallous. This year, mostly one pound to 200 gallons. I sprayed twice in May, about 10 days apart. Mr. Young sprayed a second time, six days after the first spraying, and then 10 days later sprayed a third time. His orchard, nine acres, produced 1100 bushels of apples. Another point: I had two very large trees in my garden; I sprayed them, but could not reach the top of the trees. In the top of the tree they were badly affected. Where I sprayed, the apples had no moth. Those in the top of the trees fell first. D. A. Robnett—My tomatoes had a black spot upon the blossom end. They rotted before they were fit to use. I sprayed them with Cannon’s Fruit Protector. This stopped the rot. Mr. Holsinger—In thinking of this question it struck me that we ought to classify it into two parts: Why do we spray? and what do we spray for? There is no doubt whatever in my mind that spraying is a panacea for fungi. It seems to me entirely impossible to kill the codling moth by spraying. In the case of foliage-eating insects it is a complete remedy; but I don’t think we have ever killed a codling moth in this way. My orchard this year had 10,000 bushels of apples free from moth. Mr. Espenlaub’s, sprayed, were faulty. Mr. Murray—I have never sprayed for anything but the codling moth. White arsenic gave good results. Lately I have used London purple, one pound to 100 gallons of water. We will never get the full benefit of spraying until it becomes general. Spraying every other tree would be like killing the chinch-bugs from every other hill of corn. The bugs would soon reinfest the hill from those around. If my neigh- bor doesn’t spray, my orchard will suffer from the insects he has allowed to breed upon his trees. -Results show that spraying has been beneficial. I sprayed twice this year. I began as soon as the blos- soms dropped, and sprayed again ten days later. If this spray is washed off by rain it must be applied again. Mr. Lilly—I have had only one year’s experience. In some or- chards not sprayed I have found perfect fruit, and in some orchards sprayed. I have found imperfect fruit. There were more failures than successes. nH 14 162 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Prof. Whitten—I wish to name another point. In the Botanical garden we sprayed pear trees for the codling moth, beginning shortly after the blossoms fell and spraying three times. I supposed we had done with the moth for the year; but 95 per cent of the fruit was af- fected with codling moth from the later broods. It is well known that there are sometimes three broods ina season. The second crop will come in and do damage, even if you have destroyed the earlier brood. Mr. Robnett spoke of spraying for the plum aphis and also of spray: ing cabbage. I would like to know with what results? Mr. Robnett—Plum aphis was killed by tobacco and quassia, three ounces of each to one gallon of water. Ina small garden of cabbage we got rid of the worms and lice by hot water very near the boiling point. It killed some of the edges of the outer leaves, but did no harm. ; Dr. Green—Three years ago I made absolute failure in spraying apples. Out of every 50,49 had moths. I sprayed plums six times. They nearly all bad wormsin them. The spraying business is a hum- bug. We can’t save our fruits by spraying. That is played out. A friend in Indiana proposes to catch them and kill them by lights and fly-paper. In three nights he caught them all. Mr. Morrill— We know we can clean out the codling moth. When the calyx is open, we can kill them with poison. The second brood is harder to manage. If all of us killed the first brood, there would be no second. There is another apple insect, the apple maggot, which is sometimes mistaken for the codling moth. It works be:ween the apples where two touch. Because one man fails, there is no reason why he may not succeed, when we understand the nature of the trouble and work at the right time with the proper materials. Government tests show that the live spores of the scab remain dormant when dry. A little water starts it, but if the water has one pound of bluestone to 50,000 pounds of water, the spore dies. These spores are now resting in your orchard ready for spring. When it rains, it sticks to the apple, and makes it scabby, so that you can’t sellit. Within a few years the big orchards will be found spraying on such mild winter days as this. That is going to be the final result of spraying. I think it probable that lime will not be mixed ~ with the bluestone in the future. Taft has been trying one pound to five barrels of water. It does not injure the foliage, but kills every spore it strikes. To say that spraying is a failure is wrong. Some men may have failed, but spraying is a success. WINTER MEETING. 163 Mr. Evans—I have a man to start to spraying very early in the season, with my attention directed toward the fungi now and toward insects later. We expect to work upon the first crop. It was the third crop that used up the Doctor’s apples. Last spring at my home place I did not spray. I flattered myself that I was free from codling moth as the result of the previous year’s spraying, but ninety-five per cent of my Geniting apples were wormy. Mr. Baxter of Illinois—No county in the United States sprays more than Hancock county, Illinois. Last year we used 24,000 pounds of blue vitriol. Asa result we have saved our crop of grapes. Five years ago we did not have enough to make jelly. This year the same vineyard produced 3000 baskets of grapes. The old French mixture, six pounds of vitriol and four pounds of lime to twenty-two gallons of water, has given the best results. We slake our lime, let it cool, then dissolve our bluestone in water; when we are ready to make our mix- ture we put in the slaked lime and pour the bluestone upon it, with thorough stirring. It will not settle. In spraying you must strike the fruit. It is not sufficient to strike the foliage and the ground. We spray before blooming and just after the fruit is set. If you don’t begin early you had just as well save your material. For apples we use the regular Bordeaux mixture, with one pound of London purple to 200 gallons, immediately after the blossoms drop. Do it thoroughly. The blue vitriol solution gives the apple a good color. Weare satisfied that spraying is a success with us. In 1000 bushels of apples not 10 per cent were imperfect. We were offered 30 cents per bushel more for apples than was offered for the best other apples in the neighborhood. There are over 100 individuals in Nauvoo who have had good crops for years. There is a great deal in the ma- chine. The best machine, on a large scale, is the Nixon, made at Day- ton, O. The Nixon nozzle is one of the best I know of. Fora knap- sack nozzle the Vermorel is the best. It is strong, simply constructed, and with care will last for a lifetime. Conrad Hartzell—The subject of spraying was up before the St. Joe Horticultural Society. It wants the best information it can get on the subject from this Society. We want to know when the codling moth gets in its work. Where does it stay in the winter? Prof. Whitten—The codling moth winters in the cocoon, which may be found almost anywhere. It hatches in the spring about the time the fruit-trees bloom and for a few weeks later. They lay their eggs in the blossom end of the apple. Ina few days the little tiny larva hatches and begins to gnaw its way right into the heart of the fruit. It is ready to mature in three or four weeks. It then goes out 164 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. and forms a little cocoon, and in a few days comes out just asin the spring. There are sometimes three crops ina season. The last crop stays here in the winter; some of them are inthe apple. They hide in the cellar, apple barrels, under the bark of the tree, and in almost every conceivable place. It is not known whether the moth feeds or not when in the perfect state. The cocoon is a little more than one-half an inch in length and of a dull gray color. It is not entirely nocturnal; it may fly in the day- time. J. ©. Evans—We have caught a peck of them in one day with sweetened water, near our apple-packing shed. Mr. Murray—Will not traps catch our friends as well as our foes? Prof. Whitten — Just as many friends as foes. I think the cod- ling moth exists only a few days. I would like to have samples of injurious insects from all parts of the State. Mr. Neff —I bought a barrel of soured sorghum and used it for bait. The first night I caught 500 codling moths. That season there was not one apple in 400 that was wormy. The next year it did well. I hung a can of the sorghum in every fourth apple-tree. Since then I have failed. I could get no sorghum as good for the purpose as the first barrel. As far as my 300 chickens run the apples were good ; the plums, also, were good; so I have come to the conclusion that the best thing I can do is to increase my flock of chickens. Mr. Baxter —You ought to have a law to prevent spraying trees or plants when in bloom. It will kill the bees and they are our best friends. Mr. Goodrich—In plum-growing we have many insects to fight. Spraying does no good. All varieties of plums bloomed, and I sprayed till I injured my trees, and I don’t know that I killed an insect. It is just as easy to grow plums as corn or potatoes, if you will keep the: curculio down. Mr. Goodman—Does not spraying keep the insects away ? Mr. Goodrich—I don’t think it makes any difference, though the curculio does feed, in a measure, upon the green foliage. Mr. Baxter—We have been successful with the peach and plum. London purple, combined with the Bordeaux mixture, generally does the work. Mr. Baldwin, Kansas—Twenty-tive or thirty sprayed trees did no good for two or three years. Lately I have used slaked lime, throw- ing it over the foliage, and I have had perfect plums, of the Wild Goose, Lombard, Weaver, Duane’s Purple and Washington. WINTER MEETING. 165 Prof. Whitten—In reply to the question: I know no parasite of the codling moth. The cabbage worm has a disease that keeps it in check. SPRAYING IN 94., D.A. Robnett, Columbia—S praying is no longer a thing to be ques- tioned as to its possibilities. It has, in this age, become a necessity to battle with the myriads of enemies to horticulture, and-we believe that spraying, when scientifically done, will prove the boon for which we seek. With me this work has been very unsatisfactorily carried on, but in most cases it has been the fault of the operator, not of the principle. All spraying in our section, during the year 1894, has been done by a few individuals and by our Experiment station. I know nothing of the results of any individual work, save my own. Of the work done by our Experiment station I have some know- ledge. I have watched this work with much interest. In my hand I hold Bulletin No. 27, which has a full report of the four experiments carried on by the Missouri station. I will read some extracts from this work, but would advise all to order a copy to read in full. I have tried hard this year to get rid of the small purple ant-cows or plant-lice, which were on my plum trees by the millions. I failed to destroy them or the curculio either. I sprayed with coal-oil emulsion time after time, using in connection: with it tobacco decoction, Paris green and Cannon’s fruit protector, all without satisfactory results. With my tomatoes I had wonderfully good results. Until I began spraying all my tomatoes rotted, but after using Cannon’s fruit pro- tector on them I had perfect tomatoes. Talso came near losing my cabbage from worms and lice; again I resorted tospraying with the same preparation, with fine results. Some of my cabbage I ruined by getting my solution too strong; but this is part of our education, remembering that failures often lead to success. The day is now upon us when every horticulturist must be up and doing to conquer our many foes; and if spraying is our safeguard, the sooner we learn how to spray, when to spray and what to spray intel- ligently, the sooner success is ours. 166 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOOIETY. WEDNESDAY, December 5—7:30 p. m. The session was opened with music by the Arion quartette, after which Mr, Nelson took the floor and in behalf of many members of the Society presented Secretary Goodman with a beautiful silver serv- ice. After a few remarks by the Secretary, Mr. Goodrich of Illinois, Major Holsinger of Kansas and Mr. Morrill of Michigan congratulated the Secretary upon this tribute to his efficiency. WORTHILY BESTOWED. A pleasing episode occurred Wednesday evening, upon which oc- casion there was presented to Secretary L. A. Goodman a solid ster- ling silver service, from his associates and friends in the Society... The presentation was made by Treasurer A. Nelson, in a short address. which was impressively delivered, and which we have been permitted to publish and present herewith. Secretary Goodman was taken wholly by surprise. President Evans Officially called the meeting to order at the appointed time, and immediately the large audience had become quiet, Treasurer Nelson came forward on the stage and announced that he had been requested to present a matter not anticipated in the program, and, without inti- mating its nature, proceeded with his able address. Just as Mr. Nelson’s address was closing, the elegant silver tea set was borne to the front of the stage by Messrs. Bell and Robnett, amid prolonged cheers. Secretary Goodman was taken so wholly by surprise that he seemed confused and almost dazed; but the presenta- tion ceremony had been planned with wonderful skill, for just at that juncture, and without announcement, the glee club broke forth ina spirited song. This gave Mr. Goodman time to collect his thoughts somewhat, and gain some degree of composure, as, of course, it would be expected that he would make a reply —which he did. If any doubts had been entertained as to whether he was aware of what was coming, these were dispelled as he made his response. It was entirely extempore, and fresh from the impulses of his heart. It may not have been logically arranged, it certainly was not a studied production, but it was eloquent—eloquent in the fullest meaning of the © word. Thought clothed in beautiful verbiage may not be eloquence. Thought combined with sentiment, clothed with suitable words lit up — with a halo of emotion, all springing spontaneously from the human heart—that reaches every auditor and strikes every chord in unison— this is eloquence. Such was Secretary Goodman’s response. WINTER MEETING. 167 Congratulatory speeches were indulged in fora time, gentlemen from Missouri, Illinois, Kansas and Michigan participating. These ceremonies over, the convention settled down to business with a vigor and relish such as boys and girls exhibit when they resume their studies after a refreshing recess. Chrysanthemum, AMERICAN HISTORY OF ITS PROPAGATION. A. K. Kirkland, Thayer, Mo. It must have been long after the landing of the Pilgrim fathers that the Chrysanthemum reached our shores after a checkered voyage from the far east -— probably about the year 1810 — perhaps earlier Its early history upon our continent is lost, and it is not possible to say who first cultivated it in the new world. PROPAGATION. The propagation of the Chrysanthemum by cuttings is the system adopted in every country where it is grown. New varieties and the single sorts are produced from seed, but propagation by cuttings is by far the most satisfactory. Chrysanthemum cuttings root so freely, few growers give the subject the attention it deserves. In most cases the cuttings are taken with little regard to quality, and planted where they will root the quickest and with the least amount of trouble. But in order to obtain the best results, strict attention must be paid to every detail of their calture. It is of the first importance that we commence operations with good material. It is possible to produce flowers of the finest quality upon plants that are propagated at any time from December to May, but as a rule the cuttings started in Feburary and March give the finest results. When plants are started in November and December, there is a long dormant season through which the young plants are compelled to pass, during which the wood becomes hardened toa dangerous degree, and also requires two months of labor that might be easily avoided by starting their cuttings in February, and the work performed with greater satisfaction. In the propagation of the Chrysanthemum, no bottom heat is re- quired. Plants raised in bottom heat rarely produce fine flowers. While it hastens the rooting process, the plants are always weak and liable to receive injury, where those raised without heat would be un- harmed. fruit, especially in the western part of the State. = ae WINTER MEETING. 215 The list of varieties we now have on exhibition is a very long one, from the first of the Red June to the last of the Geniting The earlier varieties are all now removed to make room for the later, and yet there are over one hundred varieties of as fine specimens as can be found anywhere The immense twenty-ounce Pippin, the large Alexanders, fine Fall- water, Pound Pippin, Northern Spy, Pewaukee, R. I. Greening, Willow Twig and Ben Davis give an inkling. Such grand specimens of Jonathan, Grimes’ Golden, Maiden’s Blush, Mother and others have not been seen of late, nor their qualiiy surpassed, for they are among the best that grow. Here, too, are apples for profit as well as for quality; apples that will pay to plant by the hundreds of acres—not perhaps such ones as the observer would select from the speci- mens shown, but such as the experienced fruit-grower would tell you was the most profit- able. The extent and completeness of our exhibit of fruit can only be reallzed when you take into account the fruits in the glass jars. Here we can show you 40 varieties of straw- berries, 24 varieties of raspberries, 18 of blackberries, 13 of gooseberries, 16 of currants, 11 of cherries, 17 of native plums, 14 of plums, seven of apricots, four of nectarines, five of quinces, 67 of grapes, 29 of pears, 76 of peaches, 168 of apples and 213 jars of corn, aspara- gus, peas, beans, cucumbers, beets, turnips, melons, egg-plant, cabbage, celery, toma- toes, peppers. Add to this the more than 600 plates of fruit on the table, and you can see thaf Missouri here shows a tithe of what she is capable of doing in the fruit industry. The displays by counties reflect great credit upon the indefatigable and earnest mer who undertook the work of collection and shipping; the men who do work for loyalty’s sake, who think of the plan and work when many of us sleep. The counties thus repre- sented will benefit by the display, for many inquirers have closely and critically examined the fruit and diligently sought information as to where they could get such for home use, for local trade and for that of distant cities. The legend over the exhibit tells the story in good part when the name of the county is displayed. What all this means to the men of Missouri, to the State and to men of other states, to our railroads, express companies, to trade generally, we can well understand if we but think of the results. Some people think when I answer such questions I am too enthusias- tic, but the facts speak for themselves. It means a higher education and increased intelli- gence; happy homes, fruits in abundance and increased business in many ways, by the growing of such fruits and the settlement in our midst of those who, by rare intelligence, produce them. It means more: A busy season from June until October, and healthful em- ployment for those engaged init; a diversity of employment adapted to theaged and young alike, in gathering, sorting, packing, barreling, hauling to town and the like.. The cultiva- tion of fruit lends immensely to the diversity of our crops, attracts a desirable class of peo- ple, adds value to land, builds schools and churches, and is calculated to benefit the local community, the county and the State. The assistance of the railroadsand other transportation companies isa guestion of the highest moment, and I will embrace an opportunity later on to give you my views and to ask yours. We are more than satisfied with the work done at the Exposition and the displays made, and have no fears of the results to follow. To ourenthusiastic fruit-growers we ten- der our best thanks for faithful, hard and honest work, without which our efforts would be fruitless. The display shows what can be accomplished by a State society working in harmony itself and co-operating with the fruit- growers of the State for the good of all. L. A. GOODMAN, Secretary State Horticultural Society. A Great Fruit Display. Editor Journal of Agriculture: ‘ Our fruit display at the Exposition has increased very much in size and quality since my last. Some five or six more counties have sent insmall collections of fruits, but they have been very fine and perfect specimens. The late apples are coloring very beautifully and are making the tables look very tempting. Asone lady expressedit, ‘‘I think it isa sin to offer such temptations to the people of acity;’’ andI answered her, ‘‘more of you city people should have homes in the country where you might enjoy these fruits.’’ 216 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. ; It is quite an interesting feature to note the great difference in the same kind of apples grown in different parts of the State. From the southern slopes of the Ozarks, Oregon county, to the far northwest part of the State, Holt county, quite a variation will be seen. The difference in size, in coloring, and in many of its characteristics—such a difference oftentimes that it is very hard to recognize the varieties. All about the rooms you will see the names of those nurserymen who so kindly fur- nished evergreens for decorations, and over every display you will see the county distinctly painted on a large card. People from the different counties are glad to recognize their own county as they are examining the fruit. Outsiders also are glad to see it so arranged, be- cause they can then easily locate the places where the special fruit is grown, The greatest surprise to strangers seems to be when I tell them we have no counties in the State but what can grow good fruits, some better in one specialty, and others in an- other. Another surprise to all who visit us is that Western and Northwestern Missouri have a fine crop of apples, perfect and well-colored speclmens, waiting for buyers to come and get them. The splendid display of fruits now on the tables cannot be surpassed by any other state or country. Weare able to show this yearas fine, perfect, large and well- colored specimens as can be found anywhere in all the United States, and we invite buyers to come and examine for themselves and then goand buy them, We are able to show to the home-seeker places where he can grow just such fruits as he sees on the tables in great abundance. sone a bis Oct. 18%, Gr Sb Ue Wane moctiar ace sen aie BOMennem Once at hoor Sabaneta an oouCouUe tr rcoagr BONS | OAs OL Shows. CX POSITION... Gers scmvnsneieeaea ten sled cece tae dais sate eee Deca embership', A NGISOM. v0.) so isi tics -peccueces ¥ ciciyneies iis racasa a, siasetctereioe atte emiaea se Rea POLES PED ED CS Ti SEOU PO sia cA oy CODCLUNTEATD % crs, oy nciw: oven cial einvatalelnie ares alevels areveYe eralaime eceinisecetetecoleperecste * J MO1e2 SROBG. AGcodan cep pono HEC AAGhOtePorinorr ca cae Hoot CPO MOT IIe A DEC ARARED oTicncd . 1894. DISBURSEMENTS June he Erolaht OM reports sLEOM i) ILO USOMOLGY ire eis so «oes etoiclte tail eines - $6 25 Ste cl). SE SRE IS I Or Ct el Sale} Ce me pvreicicen eer Mec ae 7 25 77 ae 2g fs se BO ane CORRS OOODEE BACB OLORe thon 2 63 IEACO UID... ticiaieiat Noe aiegetnsiele sayentaloanaeakindanetn Pade ahis cia vis aioe cealacie viahovd mae ea 30 41 July 5.. NVELETADE UNO a 21 Oi neta tare ics a Netata co aialeve tier tiara: siche Basetavetoiet cate ane feroberevedslaisveretoreietals nyo neate June 20. | L. A. Goodman, trip LOMAATTISON GUI Oc. crciisi pratt wepele Meseneth ace palates: rats 3 50 7) SP =e WiAETCRS DUES rarcicteicie = sects naie aneitecudeteiecs © 2 65 260. re o6 Sts. LOWS sa sccevaks sade Oe nde nema se eee ee 13 50 30.. es ot SEs VOSS I Aas. etre eapate stesatarsictst reals sapete mereyesteete 5 10 July. 5% BV Via TG INO AER ar ws ctere ysuee sre cle avove cpey alate osecastoevaye ov eravaves arenafale are aisiapn eva bie ve ee hat ste Poe eUGsSOn Mi Kimberly. Primtine, UW sro. weer doc <\esele ote -vkeles atta cere 10 75 DAREN AVY EDEN IEE EMT AILS) aye ap hoiatay ete cde letel-ial olojosien aisiansie riety els banerele Aa aveorsisteistelepe'e love et Bix PCLess OW 1s PACKAGES LODOLUS jc, Hatss «icc.eisre severe aie wieleiulsleie © sips cc Bare oe 9 80 SALA VAOL SCCLELALY OM SULLY. criceat tteis shaun o Astelevalefersioe cites eleiete steitepe ore ole 66 66 al... WWATTATIENNG a Dio onic cisiatsc aictetarteacaix Stolp ears o alaia sate Ge craters eieyate eee orale veroetae Aug. 1..| Tribune Printing Co., boxing, wrapping. shipping reports...... 83 15 iV WATrANE NOS Sabah tence ate a te ate iER eebain mine Me OR eed Yara aye (avn, abohane vefnyeratarmtens PA epee ee Ere OP LOL yl On (pr RON OS Sif) won iajerctormuay ats inncceieicreinna hae na clslars aie waenata eeabacehae 10 80 6..| Trip to Pleasant Hill and hotel 3 00 10s eCEip TOUWATLenSbUuGe: A-fc02- . se 2 213? 60 Salary of Secretary for August 66 66 IVY TRATES IN Ace erates ticks eine a cretava eictees annfe eta etes a a cle eee aia oy taker topaeetae ete a area SOp> sda Drip hOxOhillicothe .. a2 eric: ake 6e8 setae etc dee Se Reet lees eta a tee toate 4 40 HE sa REET COM. re cis c alotelane Cle dae etelolvcie er ti eae tafe Bre STECIG cle bcc ik = Mra sTa imbaxeus rat a aleve Bate Luis AS A Rae Oe EM Mer westrd oleic caus, sistats Shasta ote here ha cist deta "e's aye Hooda eege te hie endaiel acters arent Sivasre 16 54 palary.or Secretary Tor:September 3 aia feces cs ue soeisaccigt anes oeialeeets 66 66 24. WW UTADA IN O peor aie tactic oe ahtaeu state den coeke etarorotaaciarc saad as ico coeeta ona, OH atelier Oct. 18..| Boehl & Koenig, photographs Of GORDIDIER. oy SPs a ee sere 38 00 18.. WEA TIE WING 2 Oc Poets crocs be cess oie seions uaie's era PEE of Astos Oslo ois ora oitrainle, nin osegs reer Dikaip heroin im rinhe te OMUASG a loOULS a2. na cease wie co ee nase sates iccion stems 11 90 Piet EOStAN CATES ANG Stam PS): xf: Raced Persea os speitic stevie as ac/setosdee eee eset 12 00 Zia ALCS; PACKIN & ANG GX DLOSS 5 ston oleate nay eblee aac Aaaleidgets delays tele 14 40 SRL OL SeCLELALY LOL (OCLODE Teo. c eae sera sino ces ajde mee aes coer 66 66 27 Rash mete hal 2s (OLS ieee Cae On Sgt Cio rpc see cee TE aan ODUM Mbercicgen comet ne 27..| Expense of of fruit show at St. Louis: PAU SIN OS. (LOG ls AT CLUSLY Cl sore cena cco vce airnsiays eneloteete dtoayeteciaiale stot hiete reste ore 212 43 als NM ALM ARUN ODI cane kta ee eine, tater cine eas crate Rapaahe s arete A teh erable ele. sxert rien Rates ea NOVien LaxisA. Nelson, expenses/St- Louis) exhipit. 240560 2i2chcus ae cles snaeelees 35 00 Tisai) Ries uihvo}: Ko boise eRe RAG aae en GPCR AGH Oe MATA hoot Ree at Anreee ores 15 90 re hPLC SOMME OR EULG Speke vie acca orders atte aria chalets Sie GCS ote halve eos eicie ante teehee wie te ee: 16 65 46 54 84 06. 89 36 38 00 \ » 220 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOOIETY. TREASURER’S REPORT—Continued. RO VEws.> PROSLOMICS DU S502 os ic ccc aes sine ice eileleiptew’ 0 diedeete a UL a vente aa teen $25 00) Z8.<|. uason & Mimberly,, primtim ess Sl. ates tras’ nu vn a antidote spiel staleete 43 15 20.3) OSborne & Pitrat, bands, Pencils /Ste. «soc. <1cvscisce voce atelsletemeleeet 3 97 OG] EOCENE 5. ~ soins Seb ies ww gills Raiere Ge lel O tare ote GtbPe lies oa cab orci are Coane eRe en 6 55 20-3) palary of Secretary.tor NOVGMDBSL sss. cn 0ccrns ceva ses ce ce enekenee 66 66 Warrant sNO. Q80% cc stieds Ge:s cat oe Ue sh sia iepatrn cle de Sieasatele le oie eae ea $145 33 Dec. 7.. Premtums:' at Trenton MGEeObIN Sus osc ocies.clou spre emcee me slots alas Peete 95 00 7. FOStoMice:Dill, express, /OXPESMSESs CLC Tac. jretet cab oiciss clots chest ina aaemiaraiete 15 75 WaATFant..NO» QB 1 ec 5 siscick co dispense its ots otpfelavasele eyacorepiereld ie siostlate 3 atk: te Saar a 110 75 Expenses at Trenton meeting: - his J. GC. Hivans:$12-005 Ns ce.) Mama yi S200. eens acters c/ais soo ots ermianate 32 00 fie ly. A. Goodman'$25i75, As Wwelson $56:002. 160400 vans ese eee ee : 81 75) if R... (Baile y.'$35.50, OX PNESS Sh Bbicetere ceiete aeictoiers Wie'apetetesaie's lensing 42 35 ff Ballroad OS Pensess: - ss.yrss is os aatiere aeese oF plo mw a vlata oLo niale sia a eet 14 % Warrant NO. 282.5 !...cc.. chert acto siGlelcte atotale prove witle ie: w.slale alela\ia elslatein seat eae 170 35 ies| Helen Con irae tO KANSAS Gib pete tees tain eee ee teen ee 6 05) ips] MU DNESS OGC sie 1s 00.5 Sool Om kterats elem stelelefenietel ss ots) ae Be orels a sisteel abe etal tera ee 5 40) tess DALALY OL SECretary. LOT DECEMDEL. ....c.ceeccu, Secu tle reece PAP eS! 66 66 WALTATE NO). 2830 05 ois cscs tate asere.c1d oleteis: syovacete ahem (eye alefe ocelot: wis piotereletobnys se feheteeals epee 78 11 Rok EX PLOSS Al. 20, G05 ANG, Sec Goaccks cars slob elon oe wide eleystioxepelhiohid eal = Sieimreee 5 20 28..| Freight $1.06, ink, pens, tablets $3.25...... oo id: slp eb iat ve saserecs'y/ grt Wher RTO 4 31 PB eae OSLOMCS Dill ee thnk: or so ciple steitiel cies Herero rete rciete are: aks (opel tude esate ae sya eere ae eaea rene 8 82 MWaAmrant Now 2s ie asco ctnhacain se nore rete vedi serena aa 18 33 28..| J. C. Evans, expenses to Kansas meeting.................0c1e0-0000 8 25 28..| L. A. Goodman, . ene orton nasser 8 25 28 | L. A. Goodman, expenses to Pleasant Hi. oo. es eee wie esepe s 5 3d 28..| L. A. Goodman, ce CUMPON Seif ic okie ac ae dc Gos eisethe spores 6 85} WeaArremit iN . QB5 5 .)sc.ce ac cscs cractre ale vojsla c’taleGralacaaie tele oii ere letecore el Se ee 28 70 DOC carcino sve seal eietn aye S'a\0.e he ctor is oF aveie treacle, Be ec .e/ ebaleate otaofe a HR) ee ee $1392 22 SEANAD CO ops coopscsshe'c:ie wis ava/aye: 3 cparche;o% o's, 0 ats winyubala's a¥eyaye)staiislptaials asa lspetorcta: siete iene s\avanaie sateen 161 83 $1551 05 TRENTON, MoO., December 6, 1894. We the Finance Committee, having examined the accounts of our Treasurer, A. Nel- son, have found them correct, as reported. S W. GILBERT, CuaAs. C. BELL, N. F. MURRAY. ELECTION OF OFFIOEBS. All the old officers were re elected. PLACE OF NEXT MEETING. Applications for the next meeting were received from Moberly, Willow Springs, Springfield and Columbia. The selection of a place was referred to the Executive Committee, with recommendation to seek a central, accessible location. INVITATIONS FOR PLACES OF MEETING. y COLUMBIA, Dec. 22, 1894. To L. A. GOODMAN, Trenton, Mo.: The Curators join the President in a cordial invitation for the Horticultural Society to make the University their headquarters, with rooms, light, etc., furnished them. (Signed) J. G. BABB, Secretary. WILLOW SPRINGS, Nov. 30, 1894. L. A. GOODMAN, Esq.: We would be glad to have your next meeting held at Willow Springs. Please put us in nomination, if you think there is any chance. I am speaking for our Association. . Yours, C. HOWARD, Secretary. WINTER MEETING. 221 SPRINGFIELD, Dec. 3, 1894. Mr. L. A. GOODMAN, Sec’y Mo. State Horticultural Society, Trenton, Mo.: Dear Sir—The Greene County Horticultural Society, at its meeting on December 1, passed a resolution inviting the Missour! State Horticultural Society to come to Springfield, Mo., to hold its summer meeting, promising to secure for such meeting a suitable hall, and to find entertainment for a large number of the members of the State Society, and reduced rates at some good hotel for all that cannot otherwise be provided for. Hoping that the railway facilities that we have, and that this being the home of the ‘‘big red apple,’’ will induce you to meet here, we confidently expect your acceptance of our invitation. (Signed) GEO. W. MILLER, JOS. KIRCHGRABER, S. I. HASELTINE, Committee. MOBERLY, NOV. 28, 1894. To the Missouri State Horticultural Society, in session, Trenton, Mo.: Gentlemen—We, the undersigned citizens of Moberly and Randolph county, wish to respectfully urge upon you the desirability of holding your next spring meeting in this city. We have a centrally located city of 12,000, with magnificent railroad facllities,andif you should decide to hold your next meeting here, would extend you a most cordial welcome We sincerely trust you will see fit to come. We have also first-class hotel accommodations at reasonable rates. (Signed by 50 business men.) THE BEST STRAWBERRY. ST. JOSEPH, Dec. 3, 1894. L. A. GOODMAN, Sec’y Mo. State Horticultural Society: Dear Sir—I regret very much my inability to attend the meeting at Trenton. Isee my name on the program for a paper on the best strawberry formarket. From my own ex- perience and observation, there isnot a berry that grows that is more influenced by loca- tion and soil than the strawberry; therefore shall confine myself to those for this locality. Of all the long list of tried sorts, I unhesitatingly claim Captain Jack, Crescent Seedling, the Charles Downing and Warfield as the only berries that have paid the producer for time and trouble. Iam trying many new sorts, some of which I hope to get something better. Untill find that something, I shall stick to those old reliables, Hoping you will havea grand meeting, lam, Respectfully, F. McCown. Strawberries by.Irrigation, By B. F. Smith, Lawrence, Kas. From the first laying of the city water-pipes along the street near one of my berry patches, I have desired an excuse to experiment with water applied to strawberries during the ripening season. Hence the drouth during April and May last spring presented the opportunity to try a little irrigation scheme of my own, different from any I have ever heard of in the West. It was about the 10th of MayI observed that my strawberry plants and the young crop of berries nearly ready to ripen were perishing for want of water. I then consulted Hicks, the weather man of St. Louis, and looked up at the clouds-for an appearance of rain; but there was no visible prospect in the near future for any help for suffering berry patches. 222 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Then information was sought for about the cost of pipes, hose, etc., from a reliable pump and water fixture firm of Lawrence. They figured quite a large bill for pipe to be laid three feet below the sur- face of the soil; then the water company wanted me to pay them $100 for water during the berry season. I hesitated at the expense a day or two; then I suggested the laying of the pipes on top of the ground, as I had no use for the water during the fall or winter season. In the meantime, the water company agreed to let me have water at the rate of 15 cents per thousand gallons. So, getting prices down to suit me, I laid the pipes on top of the ground, along the roadways through a two-acre berry patch. I used 700 feet of pipe, 400 of which was one-inch and 300 feet three-quarter-inch, galvanized iron pipe. At intervals of 100 feet I placed water cocks or faucets for at- taching a three-quarter-inch hose. I had two short arms of three- quarter-inch pipe leading off from the main pipe, each 100 feet, at the end of which are faucets, so that with 100 feet of hose I could apply the water to the entire berry patch. Beginning at the first faucet, I watered all within reach of it, then moved the hose to the second faucet, and so on, until the whole patch was irrigated. At the beginning of the experiment I used a nozzle in the same manner that we water our lawns, but soon discovered that it took too long to apply a sufficiency of water, so I dispensed with the nozzle and let the water run out on the rows of berries from the end of the hose. The water was then applied at the rate of about a gallon to every 20 inches, lengthwise the rows. This amount of water thoroughly soaked the rows, but not the entire space between the rows. It would have taken double the amount of water for the spaces, with no addition of berries. The irrigating was all done at night-time, beginning at 6 o’clock in the evening and quitting at 6 in the morning. The time taken to go over the patch was about 24 hours, and the cost to apply the water was 10 cents an hour. I used about 17,000 gallons of water the first application and 16,000 gallons the second application. There was an interval of one week between the two applications of water. ‘Lhe piping and NOse! COSt 1. osc. .cr ate t= Seb igia'« ee Bieler ava-lal & folaions nd isis ntafese Ocaeate ee eee $60 00 SVR GT Fs fasta istcts § sjotejs bin cusinre nis fe aout ave-a-sa va ai Malan gat Aave Santas rei reroia fecal teNG LAL STELS Te Pista: hel ELE Sete eae 5 00 Application tothe plants .:..4. 9.0% 2005. ceeds dems Leon. as ced ae meee keeeiten one oeeeE eee 4 80 OED He ook Sok 2 bis a sveleiel oe sin aire wis.cbaregw Rag iels Bhs We obelaiclatoee c bateia cred Silee's ee Bie inane ieee ate eee $69 80 I had the water plant ready to begin work May 17. At this time the berry patch had been picked over three times, and in my estimate ‘ WINTER MEETING. 223 of the crop of these pickings I would have gathered about 75 crates with- out the use of water, bat with the use of water I placed on the market 225 24-quart crates of fine berries. In fact, it is safe to say that 150 erates of berries may be credited to my irrigation experiment; 150 crates of berries at $2.40 per crate, the average price of my berry crop, gives me $360. Subtracting the cost of experiment, I have left to the credit of the Kaw river water $290.20. Three or four days after I got my water fixtures ready for use we had a severe frost, and had it not come, and had I irrigated 10 days sooner, my berry patch would have yielded between 400 and 500 crates of berries. As an experiment, I allowed the water to run down the Space between the rows; but I found that the water was not so evenly distributed as it was where applied by the hose. I would furthermore add that in my opinion this is an important point in all kinds of irrigated crops. Otherwise the soil becomes sodded in places, and receives no benefit. Old experienced hands inirrigation may object to the small amount of water used; but to this I would reply, that owing to the liberal mulching between the rows less water was required, and longer inter- vals between irrigation elapsed. In twenty-four hours after I began to apply the water I observed the increase io size of the berries, and on to the end of the berry season they continued to grow large until the very last picking. This small test of what moisture applied by means of irrigation to a suffering berry patch will do, is only a small beginning of what I have in mind to do on my forty-acre berry farm one mile distant from Lawrence. Should the water company tax me too heavily for laying their pipes to this large field, I will bore some three or four wells and pump the water out of the bowels of the earth for use in dry seasons, to insure the crop against drouth. Irrigation. By G. W. Waters, Canton, Mo. The prolonged drouths of the past two summers suggest the im- portance of devising ways and means for securing a sufficiency of water for our crops at the time they most need it. Judging the future by the past, we may look for a recurrence of damaging drouths during some period of almost every season : in fact, it rarely ever occurs that we have just enough water at just the right time for the production of @ Maximum crop in Missouri. In the western states and territories, 224 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. the once arid deserts are now the most productive lands on earth. The method of raising crops by irrigation in the west was first prac- ticed probably by the Mormons in Utah. It has extended over wide areas. California, in L891, had something over 4,000,000 acres under irrigation ; Colorado comes next with about 2,000,000 acres; New Mexico next, and so on, making a total in L891 (the last statistics at hand) of 8,026,526 acres in the once arid districts of the West under actual cultivation, besides 10,000,000 more under ditech—a grand total reclaimed of over 18} million acres—an acreage equal to one-half of the cultivating land in this State. Mr. Allen says: ‘The increase in the yield is often four-fold, seldom less than double. If,only one acre in four could be reclaimed, it would still bring the product of the arid districts up to the product of the balance of the country.” This irrigation is not all accomplished by the streams from the mountains. In Colorado there were in 1891 4500 artesian wells ; in California, 3500; in Utah, 2524. Great labor and expense are required to secure irrigation, but in the arid districts it was absolutely necessary in order to grow crops. We can grow crops in Missouri without it. The questions arising in the discussion are two: First, would irrigation, if applied to our lands, prove bene- ficial ?- Second, can it be done here, or is it practicable? It has been tried in an experimental way in some of the older states. In Louisiana the director of the station reported (Bulletin 14): “The irrigated fields yielded thirty-four tons of sugar-cane to the acre; the unirrigated, eight. The value of the cane for sugar-making was about the same in each case.” Corn on irrigated soils yielded 100 bushels to the acre, and sorghum, cotton and cow-peas responded readily to irrigation. Dr. Stubbs, the director, says: “Irrigation eliminates the great element of chance from our farming operations, and with good drainage makes the planter nearly independent of the freaks and idiosyncrasies of the weather.” So far as I know, irrigation has not been tried in Missouri except in a limited way by gardeners. The value of irrigation is not in doubt, provided of course the water could be applied when needed and upon — land sufficiently drained. But it must be borne in mind that it requires an enormous quantity of water for crop production. Warrington (Chem- istry of the Farm) gives the amount of water contained in an acre of fresh mown grass as over four tons. When this was dried out there was less than one and a half of hay. Prof. Harris (Talks on Manures) says “an acre of clover will use over 8600 pounds of water daily.” Joel Shoemaker of Utah, in a letter recently published, gives an esti- mate of the amount of water it takes for crops where the sole depend- WINTER MEETING. 225 ence is upon irrigation. He says: “It is generally calculated that one cubic foot per second of time continuous flow will furnish sufficient water to irrigate 320 acres of land. Irrigating canals are in successful operation with a fall of only one-sixteenth of an inch to the rod.” Let us make some figures on the above estimate: One cubic foot per second, 448 gallonsa minute, 645,120 gallons a day; over 2000 gallons, or 50 barrels of water daily per acre (the year round). He says also, “a ten- foot wind-mill would lift enough water 15 feet to irrigate 25 acres.” That would mean according to his estimate 50,000 gallons a day, or over 2000 gallons an hour for the pump to lift. Wind-mills may be more energetic in Utah than in Missouri, but Mr. Shoemaker isn’t far out of the way in his estimate of the amount of water actually required, for accurate determinations have been made by several experiment stations as to the amount of water required in crop production, differ- ing slightly, but upon the average about as follows: For one pound dry matter. Lbs. water. Tons per acre. ERTL ATT rare ss eictare ne

100 Kelsey & Co., ES. ae. e Maieneeee oie J.C. Evans, North Kansas City......... 350 || Z. T. Zimmerman, Cameron.,............ 3°75 Ae MAING OAMIOT OM «=. yiciecisc c's sianaielsic oe 3 75 W.G. Knoyer, © Bt UU oe ercacelers oats 50 “Swe Gl of) a Road Wes ne) Ge ern ener aoe 2 50 ft. Kirchgraber, Sprin‘eleld). <2. 22. sash: 50 Winn nbrad Deck: OTe POW fc sis. see scsi © oe 4 00 INDIE. Murray SOre gon! sa5.cuesne veces 1 75 Orne Bell. HBOODVAMES 2s. cine egies ree ne 1 00 A. H. Gilkeson, Warrensburg........... 1 50 COUNTY PREMIUMS. LEO tog Re AAR ug ie ein es Ria a ede $9 00 CATT Oi focegt ocey atl eae eee eat ee $3 00 MOSTESSOIM, teal telat erento here ee Set Paere stale em ce 9 00 POUCISSS kis raeretis eleiate ators phaveiy ee etoile errietereeaed 3 50 BAC OSES Taro ntt COC etic oe: 3 75 238 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. P THURSDAY, Dec. 6—7:30 p. m. QUESTIONS. The following letters were read and answered by the Secretary : I wish to start a strawberry bed in the spring of about 1000 or so plants. Would it be best to buy the 1000 plants, set themin the spring and keep runners out, or could I buy, say, 100 plants and set out in spring, let them put out enough runners to detach and set out in the fall. Would these detached runners planted in the fall bear fruit next spring? Which plan would be best to pursue. What is the best early berry I could get ? What best late ones ? Answer—Plant 1000 plants in the spring, Beder Wood, Gandy. ALBUQUERQUE, N. M., Jan. 55,1895 L. A. GOODMAN, Westport, Mo.: Dear Sir—Will you please tell me which is the best late dwarf pear, late standard pear, quince and grapes to set out for commercial purposes, viz., good size, color, shippers and keepers. Also, what do you think of the Easter Beurre dwarf pear? By answering the above you will greatly oblige, B. E. SAMPSON. Answers—The best (dwarf pear) is Dachess; the best late (stand- ard pear) is Winter Nellis; the best quince is Mo. Mammoth; the best grapes are Worden and Concord. The Haster Beurre is one of the best pears, but has not proven profitable here. WILLOW BROOK, Jan. 24, 1895. Mr. L. A. GOODMAN, Westport, Mo : Dear Sir—I send you two of the new apple (Payton), medium size. I have thought it was a sport of the Ben Davis, but if so, it is quite a different apple. We think it isa little better than Ben Davis. The oniy reason I thought it might be Gano is that the old tree might have been Gano instead of Ben Davis; but I do not know why the Gano first came out - or was first grafted; but it is not likely to be Gano, as the original trees were planted about 30 yearsago. Ifit is only a sport of the Ben Davis, I would claim that the quality is fully as. good, and that in every other way as good, and that in color and beauty it far excels the Ben Davis. Please give me your opinion on it, and very much oblige, Yours very truly, . S. H. MURRAY. Answer—The apple was the Gano. ; BETHANY, MoO., December 1, 1894. Secretary State Horticultural Association, Trenton, Mo. Sir—I would like an expression from your Society on the following: (1) When the- work is properly attended to, which is the best season for planting plums and currants, spring orfall? (2) Whataged plum trees from nursery is best to plant where permanency and uitimate yield is desired more than early fruiting? (3) Can chickens, when stocked at 100 hens to the acre, devoted to plums, be depended upon to follow up the early morning” jarring of trees and destroy the curculio that fali, as is claimed by some? I find, from inquiry, that in this county Blue Damson in almost all situations without care matures fair crops almost every year; in fact, allyears that native varieties yield. I also find a few European varieties here and there that produce a few plums each year, and they bloom and set fruit fully almost every year; the unattended curculio apparently is all. that is in the way of thelr maturing full crops. Ijhave noticed two varieties—a large blue plum and a large {green plum with reddish side, where exposed to the sun. (4) Does the foregoing warrant the assumption that the finer European and other foreign varieties prop-- erly cultivated on favored situations will produce remunerative crops? Ours is a clay soil, underlaid with a stiff, tenacious clay sub-soil, interlined with imestone. I have selected a northwest exposure, high up on side of ridge, with good surface and air drainage. (5) Will. it be necessary to under- drain this soil? Thanking in advance for any answers of benefit to a novice, Iam, gentlemen, Yours truly, 2 J. Q. BRowN. ny © % WINTER MEETING. 239 Answer—(l) Plant in the spring; (2) two years old; (3) only as a partial preventive ; Blue Damson is as sure as the Wild Goose; (4) no, not surely; (5) no, the soil is drained enough. BELTON, MO., Sept. 28, 1894. L. A. GOODMAN, Westport, Mo.: Dear Sir—I have been referred to you by Mr J. W. White, asa man who would give me information as to the following trees. If you willanswer at your earliest convenience you will place me under many obligations: 1. Are the Koonce, Garber and Keiffer as good pears as can be planted here? Do they usually live, and about how many crops will they bear in five consecutive years? 2. Are there any better plums than the Japan varieties? How many crops will they bring in five years if properly sprayed? 3. Is the Dyehouse a productive and salable cherry? 4. Would you plant these trees in fall or spring? 5. At what distance could Keiffer pears and Yellow Transparent apples be planted each way by alternating one with the other? Yours truly, C. W. McKown. Answer—(1) The Keiffer is the most profitable; they are easily transplanted and will bear three out of five years; (2) Japan plums are rather uncertain, because the late frosts are liable to kill them after they bloom ; (3) yes; (4) plant in spring; (5) sixteen and a half feet each way. : BETHANY, Aug. 13, 1894. Dear Sir—Will you, at your leisure, reply to the following: > 1. Idesire to plant five acres to plums next spring. This being a strong clay soil, un- derlain with limestone, what variety or varieties should I select for most profitable return when I come to market them? Answer—Wild Goose, Miner, Weaver, Lombard, Dawson. . 2. Isit best to select early, medium and late varieties, or select a variety or varieties all ripening at one given time? Answer—Early, medium, late. 3. Are plums being as extensively planted in the middle west and other sections tribu- tary to our markets as other fruits? Answer—No, they are not. 4, With proper attention to all details in cultivation, what should be the average © yield of fruit per tree for each mature tree? Answer—One to five bushels. 5. Which would you recomend as most suitable location—a smooth, gentle slope to e the northwest, decline sufficient to furnish good or reasonably good drainage, or rough or ridge land excellently drained? Answer —The first mentioned. 6. I am unacquainted with any of the Japanese or oriental varieties. How does Abundance and Burbank compare with leading old varieties? Answer—They are the best of Japan varieties, but somewhat liable to be killed by late frosts. WILLOW SPRINGS, Jan. 1, 1895. L. A. GOODMAN, Esq.: Dear Sir—I take the liberty of addressing you, seeking information. I havea young orchard of 600 trees; some of them bore last season. It is planted in the valley and has been sadly neglected, andinoldland. Iwantto try some alfalfa or Lucerne clover in the 240 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. spring for hog pasture, and the orchard Is the most feasible place I have forit. Would you advise me sowing it ,in alfalfa? Hoping you will pardon me for the liberty I have taken, I am, tespectfully yours, W. E. ARMSTRONG. Auswer—No; better plow up and cultivate in corn for a few years; or, better still, cultivate well without any crop on the land. HIGGINSVILLE, MO , October 15, 1894. L. A. GOODMAN, Esq., Westport: Dear Sir—Your card received relative to meeting at Trenton in December. I have only a small orchard, yet if not too many questions, wouid like to have same answered, as I want to set out more. Lamespecially interested about the wash and twig blight. Please take charge of same, if not asking too much, and let me know where I can get the answers and oblige, Yours, etc., HENRY D. MILLS, Jr. Would like to know (1) what causes twig blght? (2) Is there any remedy? (3). Willit kill the trees? (4) Does it come annually, after the trees have once hadit? (5) Should the dead twigs be cut off? I killed a Red Astrakhan and injured others by using a solution of about two table spoonfuls of crude carbolic acid, one pound home-made soap and large lump of lime in a bucketful of water; had been in habit of using same annually, but perhaps not so strong as this time. I feel confident myself that this was the sole cause, as the tree was killed and blackened just as far as wash went, and above was green, and the other trees not killed had their bark injured in patches and rougher every way than where it had not been washed. (6) Had this wash anything to say to the twig blight? (7) Many Dwarf pears are in full bloom this 8th day of October, 1894; will it kill the trees or spoil the crop for next year? Keiffer is the healthiest-looking pearI have. (8) What is the difference between the Botan and Abundance plums, and how near should the latter be planted? (9) Give description of Grimes’ Golden and Yellow Bellflower. (10) What hardy evergreen shrubs grow in Mis- souri? (11) What hardy bulbs that will take care of themselves, suitable for a country church-yard? (12) Whatis the best early peach for Lafayette county, that will not rot? I have some always about 4th of July, if a peach year, but they rot before they get ripe. H. D. MILLS, JR. Answer—(1) Cannot tell, it depends upon the season; (2) no sure remedy cut off the blighted portion; (3) sometimes it does, but very seldom ; (4) usually, for two or three seasons; (6) no; (7) the crop will probably be light; enough dormant buds may come out to give some fruit; (8) about the same; (10) Red cedar, White pine, Norway spruce, Austrian pine, Scotch pine, White spruce, Arbor vite. There are no evergreen shrubs that can be depended upon; (11) Hyacinths, Talips, Crocus, Lily of the Valley, Peonias; (12) Mt. Rose. FAYETTEVILLE, MO., Oct. 25, 1894. Mr. L. A. GOODMAN, Westport, Mo.: Kind Sir—You will please inform me with regard tothe size and dimensions of an ; apple-barrel. Give me the diameter of the head and bulge, also depth inside of the barrel. Please tell me what a standard apple-barrel holds. I have always had the impression that it held eleven pecks. Yours respectfully, E. W. YOUNG. Answer—The standard apple-barrel: Jiength of barrel 282 inches, with chines of ? inch at the ends; diameter of heads 17} inches; diameter of center of barrel 203 inches—this being the size used for flour-barrels. This barrel holds fall three bushels. SECRETARY. WINTER MEETING. 241 MOUNTAIN VIEW, HOWELL COUNTY, MO.. Feb. 25, 1895. Mr. L. A. GOODMAN, Sec’y Mo. Hor. Society, Westport, Mo.: My Dear Sir—Lacking a little information, and believing that no man in Missouri is more and better qualified to give it than yourself, is my only excuse for addressing you. 1. Inan apple orchard of nearly 5000 trees, the majority of which are looking and doing well, I have in one block of trees a disease of the bark, making it dead, cracked and scaly. This disease is chiefly confined to this one variety of apple-trees, the name of which Ido not know. It hasa much finer leaf than the Ben Davis, and does not grow so strongly. In works on apple-trees and their diseases, I do not find this trouble described. Can you tell me what it is, and what isthe remedy? As this scaly, and in places blackened appearance, is frequently in branches of tree,I have thought it might be well to saw top off, just below first limbs, at an angle so water will run off the stump, and cover with graft- ing-wax, andletit makeanewtop. Please advise. 2. This winter is the first that rabbits have troubled me, and I have six or eight trees girdled that are two inches through. I hate to lose them and setin new ones. Willit do well to cut off near ground and leave standing stump, and cover with wax and makea new top ? 3. LIunderstand that at Olden last summer your people planted artichokes for hogs. If so, do you think them a success in that line? I want to plant about three rows of them between apple-trees and let the hogs root them out in winter. I think enough will stay in to make a crop next season; and that far from trees, I judge they will not injure them, and hogs rooting will plow soil up in good shape. Did you plant them at Olden ? and do they grow and do well here ? Kindly give opinion. 4, I would like to procure copy of last report of Missouri Horticultural Society. Please send me one, and greatly oblige. Iam sorry to trouble you with so many questions, but as lam comparatively a new- comer in South Missouri, and as past two years have been hard ones on fruit-growers,I feel that one must go cautiously and look well before leaping; hence I go to best authority I know of for advice. Iam very respectfully yours, R. C. ANNIN. Answer—(1) Cannot tell for certain ; I think it is a sort of blight, perhaps. Scrape the bark off the diseased places down to the cam- biam layer,and then wash with kerosene emulsion and blue vitriol; wash another lot with lye, sulphur and carbolic acid ; cut off some of them and note the results; (2) cut them off about two inches above the ground and train up a single sprout; (3) yes, artichokes are one of the most valuable and profitable hog-feed you can grow. It is also the cheapest. Rich land will give 500 bushels per acre sometimes. ATTERBURY, Mo., Feb. 25, 1895. L. A. GOODMAN, Secretary: Dear Sir—The parties whom I ordered the peach trees have made a complete failure. I will either have to plant dormant buds or await another year. Give me your advice as to planting dormant buds. Do you think it advisable to plant them, and do they have to be planted early, before buds swell ? Yours trily, W. R. WILLIAMSON. Answer—Do not plant the buds unless you can give personal attention to every one. You better plant l-year trees, and you can get and plant the rest next year. HOLT, CLAY County, MO., October 15, 1894. I would like very much to hear the question taken up and debated. wha'tapple will we plant to take the place of the Ben Davis? It isa good bearer and a good seller, but I notice they are nearly half culls, on account of the worms, even where they were sprayed, and the trees are the easiest to be killed by wounds of any kind I know of; in fact, one hardly ever recovers, evenifthe borer getsinit. I think Missouri should have somethiug better for her leading apple than the Ben Davis. H—16 242 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. I would like very much to know something about Smith’s Clder. I have 15, 4-year-olds, in my orchard of some 600 trees. They are on high, white-oak land, and they are the best growers of all or any trees I have ever seen; they made over 3 feet growth all round where but few others made more than 1 foot, and we have had the dryest season for many years. Winesap and Lansingburg Pippin made the best growth. I would like to ask if, from whatiyou know of the Smith’s Cider, will it pay to plant it largely? Jonathan is the clearest of worms of any apple we have. Gilpin has paid best of any in my old orchard. The apple crop is much better here than reports make it, and they are bringing quite a good sum of money into the country, and they haven’t eat any corn, either. We have got from 40 to 50 cents per bushel for apples, and I think that is a pretty fair price, and if we had more first-class apples { think we would have got more, but there was not enough good apples to hold the best buyers. I think I have hit ona plan to beat the root-borers: that is, to put enough fine sand around the trees so there will never be any crack around the trees nor any weeds and grass, and you will have but few, ifany, borers. Any Information about Smith’s Cider apple will be thankfully received. Hoping to be able to meet you at Trenton, I remain yours truly, G. T. ODOR. Answer—lIt is very doubtful about the Smith’s Cider being a prof- itable apple for commercial use. The tree is liable to blight; the apple is not a very good keeper, and while the quality is good, yet there is not enough money init. The tree is not adapted to all localities like the Ben Davis. LETTERS. OREGON, Oct. 17, 1894. Tam of the opinion that what we want most of allis not more, but less varieties. I would prefer to have the Society discuss and decide which is the best three kinds of apples to plant, taking the whole State into consideration. At the fair at St. Louls, it seems that 280 varieties were shown there, and the probability is, if each producer that presented the 280 kinds was called upon to write descriptions of the apples they raised that they could do so; but let an individual have the list, from which to select same for his own planting, he would be staggered and so confused that he wouid be at a loss to know what to plant. And the same thing holds good with the strawberry, and of all the other fruits. Tam aware that climate and soil, with other things, have their influence upon results, but it does seem to me that the Society could not do better than to spend some portion of its time in gathering information from all over the State, andrecommend a few varieties that will not be likely to blast the hopes of the future planters all over this State. Please give this subject some attention, and thus add thousands to the future planters © of this beautiful State, remembering that ‘‘no man liveth to himself.’’ Had I known 29 years ago what I now know, my orchard would have been worth to me five times more than it now is or ever can be. Inan orchard of 1000 trees I must have 75 or more varieties, many of which I have not received five bushels of apples from in all that time, Yours truly, STEPHEN BLANCHARD. P. 8. Fora,commercial orchard of winter apples of 1000 trees, the wrlter would now put out 700 of Ben Davis and the remainder in Rome Beauty and Winesaps. ZEITONIA, MO., Nov. 27, 1894. Mr. L. A. GOODMAN, Secretary Missouri State Horticultural Society, Westport, Mo.: Respected Sir—Since my father’s death the surrouodings are no longer congenial to me, and I desire to make a change ifI can find an agreeable place where honest, intelligent laboris appreciated. Iattended the Agricultural College two years, and have made agri- culture and horticulture a special study for several years; also, have several years’ practi- calexperience. Would prefer to continue in the fruit business, as I have a special liking for it. Refer to Levi Chubbuck and Stark Bros., with whom I have some personal acquaint- ance, and who know of our orchards here ; also, have a large mercantile and general business experience. Donot pretend to have a monopoly on all knowledge pertaining to WINTER MEETING. 243 agriculture and horticulture, and know that there is yet a great deal to learn, but feel con- fident that I can render satisfactory service to any one desiring such services, where true merit is considered. I regret trat I cannot be with youat your meeting, as my means will not permit. Have been longing for years to associate myself with your valuable organization, but circum- stances has always prevented. Please readat your meeting. Any one desiring to cor- respond can address me as above. Very respectfully, A. F. ZEITINGER. Editor Kansas City Journal: The Missouri State Horticultural Society is making a magnificent display of fruits at the St. Louis exposition. This show is made in connection with the display that Missouri made at the World’s fair; all the jars of fruits in liquid have been examined, added to, and placed upon exhibition, making a grand show ofitself In addition to this, the Society has taken charge of and is making a fine display of fresh fruits from some twenty-five or more counties of the State. One very large room is filed with this display, which has been a continuous one for forty days and forty nights. Two hundred and fifty varieties of apples have already been shown, thirty-one of _ pears, forty-three of grapes, seventeen of plums, and many more will be added before the exposition closes. There are on the tables now, about 2000 plates of the finest apples that can be grown anywhere, the specimens perfect and beautifully colored. This display isa grand one and is attracting a great deal of attention; it will bring buyers for our fruits and settlers for our lands, and the results are already showing. It isa part of the work of the Society to keep the advantages of our State for fruit-growing, prominently before the people and assist them in its development when they do settle among us. All we ask of them is to come and see to be convinced. L. A. GOODMAN, Secretary State Horticultural Society, Exposition building, St. Louis: SHANNON HOTEL, CASTLE CONNELL, COUNTY LIMERICK, IRELAND, Noy. 3, 1894. L. A. GOODMAN, Esq., Secretary, etc.: Dear Sir—I would be glad to receive the favor from you, of such pamphlets as your Society may have for distribution for general information to non-residents, regarding American horticultural progress, about which many tourists and residents:at this place have been making inquiry of me. Iam from Kansas City, Missouri, staying here this winter for the benefit of my health. Iam, dear sir, respectfully your humble servant, + JOHN J. HOGAN, Bishop of Kansas City. COWGILL, CALDWELL COUNTY, MO. You will meet this time under very favorable circumstances for our Society, as our great fruit exhibition at the World’s fair at Chicago, and also at the great St. Louis fair, is fresh in the minds of all persons who saw our nice apples and other fruits. Iam told they were astonished at Missouri’s fine display of apples and other fruits. The outlook is favorable for every person that will plant orchards, and take good care of the trees after they are planted. If we donot do this, we had better not plant them; it is only time and money wasted. Let us all keep this important fact in ourminds. The borers and other insects must be looked after. Such plant food as may be necessary for the life of our trees must be supplied, such as barn-yard manure, lime, ashes, etc. Any good land that is suitable for corn will be a good place to start a young orchard. ~ Fertilizers will be required as the orchard gets older. Our cold winters and hot summers are very hard on trees if they are not started with low heads, which will shade the trunks of the trees from the sun’s heat in the winter and summer. The south and southwest sides of trees are injured in the winter by so much alternate freezing and thawing on the south side of the trees, which sometimes destroys the sap vessels or kills the tree on the south side, which makesa good place for the flat-head borer. I used to shade my trees on the south sidein the winter time by tying on that side a small bunch or handful of corn fodder or long grass, flax, or anything that would answer the purpose, and not make it so large that it would catch the wind, which would shake the trees too much. “Iam glad to say that there is considerable interest manifested in the planting of orchards here. A few are careful with their trees, whilst some are careless and let the stock and borers have full sway, and after a while buy trees and try it again, while our population is all the time increasing and willall want apples. Many years ago Horace 244 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOOIETY. Greeley predicted or supposed that, in the course of time, St. Louis would be the greatest city on the face of the earth, as London is at the present day. I suppose he based his con- clusions from the great material resources that lle around St. Louis, as the Iron mountain, coal in abundance, agricultural and horticultural and other great wealth almost without limit; the great river that sweeps by St. Louls will keep the poison elements all swept away to the sea. Our great Kansas City has also this advantage of a great river. From the signs of the times now, our great State is about to awake from her slumbers and march on to her true destiny. Yours truly, WILLIAM MCORAY. CHICAGO, Ill., Oct. 12, 1894. Mr. L. A. GOODMAN, Westport, Mo.: Dear Sir—Your card received today, and a notice of your annual meeting will appear in the next issue of O. J. Farmer. I would suggest that the matter of carefully picking and packing fruits for shipment be fully treated; also, the matter of uniform quality through- out package and uniform size of package, barrel, box or crate. The great injury to the fruit trade through careless and dishonest packing has been forcibly impressed upon me in . my work of reporting fruit markets in Chicago. A thorough airing of this matter would set people to thinking. Any further announcement I shall be glad to publish. Cordially yours, C, A. SHAMEL, Managing Editor. SHANNON HOTEL, CASTLE CONNELL, COUNTY LIMERICK, IRELAND, Dec. 13, 1894. L. A. GOODMAN, Esq., Secretary Missouri State Horticultural Society : Dear Sir—-Wishing to satisfy inquiries by residents and tourists at this place, where I am at present sojourning for my health, regarding Missouri, its climate, soil, scenery, rivers, lakes, prairies and other such matters, I applied to the Secretary of the Horticultural Society at St. Louis, for any pamphlets bearing on these subjects that he may have for dis- tribution. Without delay, the State Horticultural Society annual reports for 1891, 1892, 1893 reached me. These I have placed in the Shannon hotel library, for perusal by persons stay- ing at the hotel. Already they have elicited much praise. and admiration for the clear, extensive and valuable information contained in them, and for the good type, paper and binding in which they are bs ibanaet : Please to accept my sincere thanks. Iam, very respectfully, your humble servant, + JOHN J. HOGAN, Bishop of Kansas City. GREEN MEADOWS FRUIT FARM, TARADALE, HAWKES Bay, NEW ZEALAND, Oct. 12, 1894. To the Secretary Missouri State Horticultural Society: Dear Sir—Will you kindly send me one of your pamphlets, ‘‘ Hand-book of Horticultural Knowledge of Missouri,’’ and if there is any charges thereon, I shall gladly remit a post- office order for amount. Iam sir, yours faithfully, SIDNEY F. ANDERSON, Manager. ATTERBURY, Mo., Feb. 11, 1895. L. A. GOODMAN. Esq.: Dear Sir—I write to ask you whether or not you would advise all these trees, both ap- ple, pear and peach, dipped in kerosene emulsion to destroy aphis In my oldest orchard I have considerable already, andI want to commence war on them at once; and will it damage the trees to dip so as to cover the roots and two feet of the body ? How strong would you advise making the emulsion ? Yours truly, W.R. WILLIAMSON, Answer—Yes; use the emulsion of the usual strength. HARRISONVILLE, CASS Co., Mo., Oct. 29, 1894. Mr. L. A. GOODMAN, Westport : Dear Sir—I received your card, and in answer will say that I would like to havea thorough discussion at the December meeting at Princeton of the pear, the varieties and management of a commercial orchard of 1000 trees; also, an orchard of 600 cherry trees, likewise a vineyard of nine acres of grapes. Those are the fruits that lam mostly interested in, andI want all the information that I can get. I have been experimenting with the grape this season by trying Father Clagett’s method of prunding. I took ten vines for trial, WINTER MEETING. 245 and the result was at least four times the amout of fruit. I kept them well pruned until the first of July; would have sent a vine to the fruit show at St. Louis, but from some cause they commenced cracking open, but not as bad as those pruned under the old method. For my pear orchard I expect to use principaly Kiefer, with some others to insure cross- fertilization. Yours respectfully, ABNER TAYLOR. ALBANY, Mo., Dec. 3, 1894. Mr. L. A. GoopMAN, Secretary State Horticultural Society, Trenton, Mo.: Dear Sir—Will you kindly submit at the meeting of the Society, to beheld at Trenton this week; for discussion, the question: Is it advisable to subsoil the ground for new orchards, where the surface is somewhat rolling, and the soll rather thin, with clay sub- soil? Sorry I cannot be with you. tespectfully, C. G. COMSTOCK. Answer—lIf too rolling, no; if not, yes. COLUMBIA, Dec. 3, 1894. Mr. J. C. EVANS, President Mo. State Horticultural Society, Trenton, Mo.: Dear Sir—It is with exceeding regret that Iam compelled to say, necessity forces me to stay away from your meeting. The illness, now of some months’ duration, of the Director of the Experiment station, has put upon me the duty of attending to the writing and publishing of some bulletins of importance, which must be brought out immediately. Tam with you, however, in spirit, and as an evidence of the interest I take in the business which brings you together, Isend youa set of photographs, donated to the Society through Mr. Harris, whose letter is enclosed, on the results of fertilization with nitrogen. If you will accept them in the name of the Society, and exhibit them at the meeting, and, at the Same time, state that Mr. Harris is anxious to serve the interests of horticulturists in any waf¥ possible, you willdome afayor. Should any member desire such a set for his local Society, let him write to me, as I may be able to procure it. Yours very truly, P. SCHWEITZER. MORETON'FARM, N. Y., Nov. 19, 1894. LL, A. GOODMAN, Esq., Sec’y Missouri State Horticultural Society: Dear Sir—I take pleasure in presenting to your honorable Society, in behalf of the Per- manent Nitrate Committee of London, a set of photographs illustratingjsome experiments in fertilizing with nitrate of soda, made by Dr. Paul Wagner at the Agricultural Experiment station, Darmstadt, Germany. Although not touching upon just the crops in which the members of your Society are probably the most interested, nevertheless I think they may prove of interest as illustrating the effect of a nitrate onthe growth of plants in general. Iam, yours very respectfully, S. M. HARRIS. This series of photographs are,very valuable to the Society, and we have recognized their value by appropriate letters. SEO’Y. The Best Herbaceous Plants and Shrubs. Prof. J. C. Whitten, Columbia. In the Thirty-sixth annual report of this Society appeared a paper by Prof. G. C. Broadhead, entitled “A Plea for onr Native Plants.” It is with our natives that I wish to deal. No one who has enjoyed a healthy boyhood or girlhood ean fail to look back, with keen appreciation, upon the youthful jaunts to the woods and meadows in search of early spring flowers. And, indeed, to the older mind these little blossoms present just as glad a greeting, 246 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOOIETY. and are just as welcome harbingers of sunny days. Even the first note of the blue bird or twit, twit of the robin is forgotten as one stops to pluck the first spring beauty or welcome violet. Our season of native flowers, however, is not confined to our spring monthsalone. While the venturesome early flower, which first peeps out to say that winter snows are gone, is, perhaps, most eagerly looked for, itis no more beautiful, perhaps, than flowers which succeed each other later on until November comes with its frosts. Even with the approach of winter, we still have visible beauties in our native plants. There are the brightly tinted leaves of numerous shrubs and Virginia creeper, the fluffy down of milkweed and Enslene, the heads of sedge grass and reeds, the ripening rose hips, turning from green to golden red and brown, and numerous fruits, like those of Smilax, grapes and burning bush, that continue more or less throughout. the winter. The beauty of the winter buds must not be overlooked, and should be more often studied in selecting specimens for planting. The next year’s catkins of the birches, alders, etc., the flower buds of flowering dog-wood, magnolias and buckeyes, the numerous buds of flowering currant, the velvet, scaleless buds of pawpaw, as well as those of many other species, have a winter beauty, always conspicuous to the casual observer, and becoming more and more attractive with carefal study. In selecting these plants for home adornment, varieties may be chosen which present a succession of these beauties, and keep our grounds constantly attractive. 1 would not urge the planting of our natives to the exclusion of improved types, which are so generally used, and yet, as supplementary to our improved forms, they should take an important part, especially where little attention can be given to the care and cultivation so neces- sary to our more delicate and tender species. There are a great many examples of the beautifying effect of improved flowers and shrubs judiciously planted about the home. There are also a great many homes where little attention is given to the cultivation of plants which might be made much brighter by planting masses of our natives, and even allowing them to grow in their wild, uncultivated manner. Nothing looks worse than plants suffering from neglect. I think» then, that tender sorts or exotics should be used only when they can be given the care and favorable conditions that they require. The plants of our fields and woods are accustomed to grow among the grass and brambles, or under the shade of trees; and present all their natural beauty if allowed to grow on the lawns along the hedge rows, or under the shade of shrubbery at our homes. There is no reason why they might not oftener be seen about the home, even though no eulti- WINTER MEETING. 247 vation is given them. However, the fact that we find them growing, even in rich profusion, in waste places without cultivation, should not prevent their being given careful attention and culture. Many of them respond quickly to good culture, and they may be greatly improved by it. In the Missouri Botanical garden or Shaw’s garden, of St. Louis, may be seen a great many of our native plants. They have been taken there from their wild state, and furnish excellent examples of what may be done with them by intelligent culture and artistic skill in plant- ing. The arboretum particularly abounds in the most beautiful wild- wood flowers. One of the most attractive features of the whole grounds is a little bog planted to wild marsh plants, including shrubs, grasses, sedges, pitcher plants, ferns, ladies’ slippers, Irises, fly-traps, and hundreds of species too numerous to mention. Throughout the grounds one frequently meets our native vines and masses of these wild flowers. Even to him whoall his life has tramped through masses of them in our fields and woods they are of great interest, and he wonders how he could have been acquainted with them so long and never before half realized their beauty. To the European who has never before seen them, they are simply gems and treasures he never before dreamed of. They call forth all his enthusiasm, and appeal to his feelings much as a choice orchard or rare exotic does to ours the first time we see it. Of the plants which I am about to mention, [ have seen nearly all in their native habitat, and also under cultivation at the garden; so I hope to select a list sufficient to prettily plant a home with such sorts as may be readily transplanted and grown. Among the most essential plants for home adornment are the vines. Among them I will first mention the Virginia creeper (Ampe- lopsi quinquefolia). It abounds generally in the woods, in nearly all low grounds, and climbs both byrootlets and by tendrils. Aside from twisting like the tendrils of the pea, its tendrils put out discs which enable the vine to cling, even to the walls of buildinge, if artficially supported until vigorous growth begins. All have seen it mantling the forest trees, climbing nearly to their tops. Many a gnarled, dead oak is converted into a thing of beauty by having its limbs thickly fringed by this clinging vine. It succeeds in almost.any exposure, and is a fine cover for the walls of buildings, verandas and porches, summer-houses, etc. In autumn its leaves turn to a bright crimson, and remain so for several weeks before falling. Its purple fruit, which it retains into the winter, is not the least beautiful of its features,and gives it a very rich 248 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOOIETY. appearance after the leaves have fallen. It may be propagated from seeds or layers. The Trumpet-creeper or Trumpet-flower ( Tecoma radicans) is very abundant throughout the State, and is one of our most beautiful orna- mentals, both on account of its rich, compound foliage and also its gorgeous orange, yellow and scarlet flowers. Itclimbs by rootlets, and one has only to see its gorgeous masses of bloom upon fences, trees, etc., by the roadside to suggest its proper use in planting. One of the finest masses I have ever seen covers the rocky side of a railroad em- bankment near Pacific® Mo., making a most beautiful scene of what would otherwise be an unsightly, barren slope. It flowers late in sum- mer, remaining in bloom for several weeks. It may be propagated by seeds, which the plant retains throughout the winter, in long pods, much like those of Catalpa; by cuttings of the roots or shoots, and by layering. The plant is often advertised in catalogues under the name of Bignonia radicans. The Virgin’s bower (Clematis ), of which we have several species, is very desirable, both for covers and also for screens to hide unsightly parts of the grounds. It is propagated by layers or cuttings, and also by seeds, which should be gathered as soon as ripeand planted the fol- lowing spring. For a somewhat shaded position the Moon-seed ( Menispermum canadense ) is a very desirable vine. It can be found growing almost anywhere in the woods. Its large heart-shaped leaves are its chief beauty. It may be propagated by seeds, divisions or cuttings. Several of our wild Morning-glories are very desirable for screens, or to train over the doors or porches. Most of them are annuals, but one, the so-called wild potato vine or man-of-the-earth (Ipomea pan- durata, is a perenial, growing from avery large, deeproot. It produces very large white flowers with purple throats from early summer until frost, and is one of our finest native vines, both from a stand-point of rich, dense foliage and attractive flowers. It may be obtained by plant- ing the seeds or the large, sweet potato-like roots. It is often adver- tised by nurserymen. Of our herbaceous plants, there are too many toenumerate. If one has a shady location, under trees or shrubbery, a large number of early spring.wood flowers may be grown. Among them are the little spring beauty (Claytonia virginica), the bellworts (Uvularia), the wake rob- ins (Trillium), the dog-tooth violets (Hrythronium), and a great many others. Most of these may be transplanted, even at the time of blooming, since they grow from tuber-like corms or root-stalks, which render them less liable to injury at the root. WINTER MEETING. 249 Among those that bloom later on are the true lilies (Lilium), and blue flags (Iris), (both easily propagated, the former from bulbs and the latter from cuttings or crowns ), tue evening primroses (nothera ), the columbine (Aquilegia), the butterfly milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa ), the violets (Viola), the Sweet William (Phlox), the larkspur (Delphi- nium), and a host of others easily transplanted or grown from seeds. The shrubs are more frequently grown than the herbaceous plants, and yet I wish to mention a few worthy of more general attention. The roses (Rosa), of which there are one or two climbing sorts, the dog- woods (Cornus), thorns or haws (Crataegus), the wild plum ( Prunus), the wild crab (Pyrus), the sumach (Rhus), anda host of others, may be had by a trip to the woods in spring or autumn. I have named but few of our desirable plants, and have selected these because they are very easily propagated or transplanted, and be- cause they generally thrive well, even where time cannot be given to their cultivation. I think one reason why more of our native flower- ing plants are not used about the home grounds is because we are not sufficiently reminded to transplant them, except as we see them in bloom in their native haunts, and, as everyone knows, plants are least liable to live if planted at that time, hence it is generally regarded as a hopeless undertaking. Many of them, like the butterfly milkweed, withstand very severe treatment. Two years ago, during July, when this plant was in flower, I transplanted a large clump of it from the country roadside to the garden. Its large fleshy roots lived nicely and sent up their stalks, next year, to a height of two or three feet, producing a large mass of its typical, orange-colored bloom. Plants growing from bulbs, tubers or other fleshy underground parts may be more readily transplanted than others; but all plants should be severely cut back if moved dur- ing their period of active growth. EXPERIMENT WORK. Prof. Whitten—I have with me a plan for a green-house to facili- tate the work of the Experiment station. I would like any criticisms or suggestions from this Socity in regard to this plan. A green-house is very necessary for some work of the Station. In crossing straw- berries or other plants, we could protect them from outside influence. We could rear noxious insects sent from all parts of the State in order to study their habits of feeding, breeding, etc. Mr. Morrill—I see that Prof. Whitten has an equal span roof. In Michigan, we think the three-quarter span better. | 250 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Mr. Whitten—In Missouri, and further south, it is found that the equal span roof, extending north and south, is best. I have studied this plan in connection with the green-houses of St. Louis. I have given it a great deal of thought for the last two years. L. A. Goodman—It seems to me that if the Professor is going to do any work, we should give him to understand that we give him our approval and encouragement. The Board of Curators should give him the necessary building and appliances. Z. T. Russell—I think if we are going to move the Agricultural College from Columbia, that it would not be advisable to incur further expense there. J.C. Evans—We have already received conciliatory letters from several men at Columbia, but they came too late, as we have already asked the State Legislature to separate the Agricultural College from the University. Music: Misses Mason and White. PACKING FRUIT. C. C. Bell—Most of you are much interested in picking and pack- ing fruit. Most of you are in the fruit business for profit. It is very important for us as growers to select those varieties that we can grow and sell at a protit. As a dealer, I like the Jonathan apple. It sells well on the market, but I would not advise a man to plant it largely for profit. We must select varieties that will produce quality and quantity. The time is past when anything will sell called a barrel of apples. When I began buying and shipping apples, anything that was a barrel of apples would sell. Now there is very great competition in : the trade, and it requires a great deal that it did not require in time gone by; and the time is not distant when it{will require still more. It. is important for us to understand these conditions. Transportation cuts a great figure in the business. LHarly berries must be carried quickly ; you will also find ‘you must have good qual- ity to make it pay. I would say that a more uniform system of pick- ing and packing, and a cheaper rate of transportation, would be in favor with the dealers. I will confine myself chiefly to the packing of apples. I have made many mistakes in the business, and you, fruit-growers, have made them too. I hold that a specialty is the thing for this time and age. There is plenty of room in that direction. There is plenty of room for mind and hands. I do not think it will pay the farmer to ship his own products as arule. Many of you will bear me out that it does not pay. Many times you have made shipments that hardly paid the freight. ~ 4 WINTER MEETING. 251 The time is coming, and is at hand now, for confining ourselves to specialties. There is room for the American apple abroad, but I have shipped apples abroad from the State of Missouri with very bad results. I have exported apples to England and lost money on them. Market- ing fruit is a Dusiness in itself. I think the farmers in the long ran will be the gainer by having their fruit shipped for them by men who know the business. You will also find it necessary to care for your fruit as it ripens: that is, by cold storage in September and October, and when the time comes you can market it. All the markets were glutted this year untill three or four weeks ago. The South was badly overstocked this fall in September and October. At this time there is a great demanu from that section which we can not supply. I predict that the profitable way will be to have a cold storage system in every fruit-growing community. We could hold apples, such as Jonathan and Rambo, in good condition. They have largely gone to waste this year. As to every farmer doing his own shipping, what is the result? A glutted market. You are often misled by the circulars of commis- sion men from the large cities. When you get thereturns and pay the expenses, there is little left for you. Association of shippers, as a rule, don’t work right. Every member of the association packs his own fruit, so there is no uniformity in the packing. There is an asso- ciation in southern Illinois that permits its members to pick their own fruit, and they ship in car load-lots. At the other end the commission man would be lost as to what to do with a car-load of mixed fruit. Suppose he had an order for a car-load of strictly fancy fruit; the car would not fill the bill and he would have to unload the car and sell it in small lots. Try to pack uniformly—just as good apples in the middle of the barrel as on the face. We have practiced too much deception in pack- ing fruit. This is also true of small fruit. Good packing will pay in the long run. In the last two months I have had an experience that I had not met before. We started out with the idea that the apple crop was a failure, and paid fair prices. They commenced going down. I found competition with Canadian apples. I was compelled to sell Ben Davis in the New Orleans market for $1.65 a barrel at quite a loss, for I had paid $1.20 for them in orchard, furnished barrels and paid the freight. Canada apples were very low; the late tariff law put them practically upon the free list. As soon as I discovered this I had to pay the grower less for his fruit. For fruit of good size, good quality and good measure, there is a market for all you can produce. 252 STATE HORTIOULTURAL SOCIETY. Ornamental Tree-growing and Planting. By CyHarues I. Roparps, Butler. Prepared for the meeting of the State Horticultural Society. He who gave us the land and the showers to water it, and the strength of arm and muscle to work, has instructed us to plant. He who plants a tree does not plant for his own gratification or benefit alone. Our works shall not only follow us, but our deeds of the present will cultivate such tastes and dispositions in our children as will create a love for usefulness and beauty. An objection to the disposition of the American tree-planter and grower of the present day is an inclination to too great an effort to combine usefulness with | beauty—in other words, to place usefulness first, beauty second, in tree-planting. Iam often asked if we cannot use a fruit tree as an or- namental tree for shade and ornament. While we may do this and accomplish to some extent a two-fold purpose, it is not the best thing to do. An apple-tree may be ornamental with its beautiful blossoms of spring and its glorious highly-colored fruits of autumn, but its days of beauty are comparatively short, and its dying branches and decaying fruits of twenty years are not desirable. The oak, the elm, the ash, the maple and trees of a long-lived class for street and large lawns; hardy evergreens and hardy low-growing trees for smaller enclosures. Adapt your planting to your surroundings—always bearing in mind the future dimensions of the trees you plant. Overcrowding mars the effect of beauty in lawn decoration. Tree-planting is in its infancy in the West. Not only are we opening for improvement great fields of western territory, but by the introduction of eastern home-seekers, our large farms are being rapidly subdivided into smaller homes. These smaller homes will bring in their owners better cultivated tastes for home adornment, more earnest and persevering determination to make home attractive, and better opportunity by their less extended opera- | tions to bestow proper care on what they plant. It is not all of planting to plant. The care of an ornamental tree begins with its growth. Like the care of a beloved child, its wayward tendencies must be checked in infancy to perfect beauty and symmetry in old age. I have on my grounds an oak that grew from an acorn, ten years ago brought from the woods in a load of leaf-mold. very year WINTER MEETING. 253 that tree was trimmed into a rounded form until it became in summer a rounded ball of glossy green. Kvery-one who saw it admired its beau- tiful form, until one day a gentleman desired to purchase it and have it removed to his premises, even at the price of $25. Yet the whole time bestowed on the formation of that tree did not exceed one day in ten years. ; I have a specimen of white cut-leaf birch about 25 feet in height, that attracts much attention. For lawn ornament I would recommend this beautiful decorative tree. Its culture is simple and its growth is rapid. Yet it does not attain to very large size, and is, therefore, not appropriate as a street line tree for shade. The Carolina poplar is a tree that I wish to indorse asa rapid grower, easily formed into a spreading head by proper trimming, and of clean, smooth, straight growth of body. With reasonable attention its upright growth will average five feet per year. Let us remember that we live for others as well as ourselves. Wealth should be invested to make the world better. Poverty may lighten its burdens by building cheerful surroundings. In ornamental tree planting and growing time, is more than money. If your home is in the new western territories, you may border your farm with a trifling expense for walnuts. Fifty cents for a bushel of waluut seed planted in the fall will give a line of miles of trees. From seeds, from cuttings, from small nursery-grown trees at a nominal cost, with proper attention bestowed on their growth, we may help to add great wealth to the growing West, and help to cultivate inclinations for greater usefulness in those who shall follow us. REPORTS OF COUNTY. SOCIEGiGas BARRY COUNTY. The efforts of the Barry County Horticultural Association during 1894 have not been as productive of results as was wished. That the partial failure of apples and almost total failure of peaches had a dis- heartening effect upon those who thought that to plant meant to reap, there can be no doubt, and, feeling a little discouraged, thought that an organized effort to better matters would be no better than they could do singly. In this they were, of course, mistaken. The meetings of the Association are held monthly at places in the county inviting it. During the past year meetings were held at Cass- ville, Exeter, Washburn, Seligman, Mineral Springs and Muncey Chapel. The most noteworthy of these was. the October meeting at Cassville, at which the annual fruit, grain and vegetable exhibit was held. This — was the fourth and by far the most successfal exhibit ever held in the county. The premiums awarded amounted to about $100 and covered © a wide range. The best of the apples that were donated for that pur- pose were sent to the State Horticultural meeting at Trenton, where they attracted a great deal of attention and won many premiums. = Many valuable papers were read at the several meetings of the Association, the most important of which I append. G. E. Harris, Cassville. BATES COUNTY. BUTLER, Mo., Dee. 3, 1894. LL. A. GOODMAN, Sec’y Mo. State Horticultural Society : DEAR FRIEND —We of the Bates County Horticultural Society do ~ not wish to be forgotten by the State Society. An effort is being made to reinstate our work in this county. Our county is being peopled with a new and energetic class of friends of horticulture. REPORTS OF COUNTY SOCIETIES. 255 Farms are being divided into new and better improved homes, and with these changes and improvements comes a desire for informa- tion as to what varieties of trees to plant, how to cultivate, etc. Requests have been received by the officers of our county society to reorganize and re-establish our horticultural work here. This we intend to do very soon, but we find it takes as much time and effort to do this as it did to form a first organization. Our recent partial failures in fruit-crops are the cause of most of this lethargy. We know that we have the material here for good and efficient work. We have the soil, we have a climate equal to any in Southwest Missouri for fruit-growing, and we know from our past ex- perience that we have as many zealous friends of horticulture as may be found in the same area anywhere in the West. We know that our next county report will be nearer what it ouaalih to be, for so good a county, and we believe that by the help of many new workers we will within a year be up to our former standard as a horticultural society. CHARLES J. ROBARDS, President Bates Co. Horticultural Society. ST. FRANCOIS COUNTY. FARMINGTON Mo., Dec. 1, 1894. L. A. GooDMAN, Secretary State Horticultural Society : DEAR S1r—As the State Society requested to have a report of the local societies in the State, and as the St. Francois Horticultural Society met today and elected their officers for the next year. The officers that were elected are as follows: For president, R. C. Tucker; vice-president, B. C. McDaniel; secretary, W. F. Hoy; treasurer, Marion Carter. We have a membership of 16, and have a good prospect for the future, as there had expected to be a number of others join the Society today, but the weather was so bad and rained all day, that it pre- vented them coming into our meeting. Yours truly, W. F. Hoy, Secretary, R. C. TUOKER, President. FARMINGTON, Mo., Dec. 1, 1894. L. A. GOODMAN, Secretary : Dear Sir—There is but little repoft to make this year, as it was a total failure in fruit, except raspberries, strawberries and grapes. Strawberries were about two-thirds of a crop, raspberries about two- thirds and blackberries half crop; too dry; grapes a full crop ; ap- ‘ 256 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. ples a total failure, also peaches and pears, on account of the late freeze ; but we live in hope for next year. Fruit is going into winter quarters in fine shape, and peaches especially ; the bud of the peaches is not more than half as far on as it was one year ago, and apples are in good condition and full of buds for next year. In regard to our Society, itis small as yet, but we expect to have a good one by next year, as the farmers’ institute that was held here this fall made the people think a little, and think that a Society was for the benefit of a community. Our Society meets the first Saturday in every month. Respectfully yours, W. F. Hoy, Secretary, R. C. TUCKER, President. We here invite the State Society to hold one of its meetings for 1895 in Farmington : Whereas, St. Francois Horticultural Society desires to have the State Society hold one of its annual meetings of 1895 in Southeast Missouri; therefore, be it Resolved, That the Society, at its annual meeting held December 1, 4894, respectfully requests the State Horticultural Society to hold one of its annual meetings at Farmington, Missouri. R. C. TUCKER, President. B.C. MCDANIEL, Vice-President. W. FEF. Hoy, Secretary. BUCHANAN COUNTY. St. JosEPH, Mo., December 3, 1894. L. A. GooDMAN, Sec. Mo. State Hort. Soce.: DEAR SiR—The St. Joseph Horticultural Society is composed of some of the best and most successful fruit-growers of Buchanan and Andrew counties. The most of them are punctual in attendance, and take great interest in our meetings. A few who, I suppose, have gradu~ ated in horticulture, for I never see them in our meetings. We meet on last Saturday of each month. The officers are: J. H. Karnes, Presi- dent; D. A. Turner, Vice-President; H. D. Korp, Treasurer; J, C. Binder, Corresponding Secretary ; F. McCoun, Secretary. Respectfully submitted. F. McCoun, Secretary. OREGON COUNTY. The Oregon County Horticultural Society is the outgrowth of the old Moark Horticultural Society. We found that the old Society was not doing what a number of us thought that it should do. We disbanded the Moark Society July 7, and elected the following officers: T. E. Taber, President; P REPORTS OF COUNTY SOCIETIES. 257 W. Sargent, Vice-President; S. W. Gilbert, Secretary; and D. C. Huxley, Treasurer. We have held monthly meetings since that time with increasing interest. Our plan of holding meetings for the coming geason is at the homes of members, in different parts of the county, and hope to enroll a large membership during the coming season. It is not generally known that Oregon county is making rapid _ strides toward the top of the ladder, in the way of commercial orchards. One farm alone planted 500 acres of apples and peaches in winter and spring of 1893 4. Among other trees, there are 20,000 Elbertas planted on this farm alone. Many other commerciai orchards were planted last winter and spring, and more are on their way to be planted this spring. We have thousands of acres of good fruit land in our county that can be bought for from $2.50 to $10 per acre, according to location and improvement. S. W. GILBERT. LIVINGSTON COUNTY. The Livingston County Horticultural Society has twenty live and energetic members. We had a membership of over fifty at one time in our history, but from some cause, not known to us, they became delin- -quent and were dropped from the list of the Society, from time to time, until now we have only twenty. The Horticultural Society, however, has done a great deal toward developing the fruit industry in the county. There have been many commercial orchards planted throughout the county in the last five years that are being cared for in a manner that is a credit to our orchardists as well as the county. Now I don’t want you to understand me to say that all the orchards in Livingston county are well cared for, for they are not, but you can see more rapid strides toward horticultural development nowthan was ever before known in the history of the county. The people seem to begin to realize the necessity of fruit as an every day in the year diet. There is scarcely a farm but that has an orchard for home use, composed of apples, plums, pears, and a large per cent have the small fruits in abundance. Small fruits for market are grown in Livingston county quite extensively and profitably to the grower—strawberries yielding as high as 4000 quarts per acre, selling at 10 to 124 cents per quart in local markets. The varieties of apple that are being most extensively planted are: for winter—Ben Davis, Gano, Willow Twig and Jonathan. Fall—Mai- den Blush, Weathy. Summer—Early Harvest, Red Astrachan, Yellow Transparent. Strawberries—Jessie, Bubach No. 5, Warfield No. 2. H—17 id, ae en 258 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. ‘ Several of the newer sorts are being tested. Raspberries—Gregg, Sou- hegan, Cuthbert. Blackberries—Snyder, Stone’? 8 Hardy, Taylor’s Pro-- | lific, Early Harvest; the latter is a little tender, but a valuable early variety. Spraying was not altogether satisfactory this season; in the ~ majority of cases, however, the sprayed fruit was much more perfect — than the unsprayed, but the results were not all alike—some good, some ~ bad and some very bad. Some unsprayed fruit compared well with the sprayed ; there is something wrong somewhere; we will spray next. year, and hope and trust that we can make a report on spraying that | Was a success in every way. Our Society meets six times a year; the second Saturdays in June and December are regular meetings ; the other four are held on dates . best suiting the Society. ; The names of the officers are: W. E. Lilly, President, Chillicothe , H. Tuder, Secretary, Dawn; J. W. Bird, Treasurer, Chillicothe. - GREENE COUNTY. Our society is still progressing and interest increasing from year — to year. Our out-door meetings commeuced in May, and we are now © meeting at the houses of the members with a prospect of keeping it up c during the winter. A good warm dinner and the presence of ladies at _ our winter meetings is an innovation which is very pleasant to realize. The ladies have taken an unusual interest in our meetings this year, and in point of numbers they generally predominate. The society has paid out for premiums $27, the larger part being for flowers, of which the display has been very fine. 3 The report of Treasurer Kirchgraber shows a balance of $148.35 7 in the treasury. Our receipts this year only lack a small amount of 4 being equal to disbursements, so financially we are in good shape. Our 6 . membership has changed but little from last year, except a large addi- a.cipipi anttioere wie aoe mea MURS UTEIUN swine winle s cists alalviots ealatere ohn wisleleisisintap ele 205 Pennsylvanicum® ey ’ Fa em ¢ | re of ee ie Lode : < ee a? oe yiPrees > = J ot te ee Carya alba .........60 33 = S398 coon eiateiioieiae aise 18 TIVLIAL, Wat, ciclotuie\ai.taistei eeu wwe whieib\e/< n's's'<\s.c1 17 MQUALICT . 25.2. ceccccee aiolei eee Sens Aaa sen st 13 MACH OCOYD OG « siacietu sisieie ic wiels\e|> sjaleeisise aioe =e 16 OQUGESOTMAIS oo ccee'scess SP Alees eicta wait salons 19 (LOT TT eR ASDC Ee AT OTOUTOEOOOLE Jee Aes hods 14 URECIETIDEA? Yotdom's, c Mieietate bc ee deiciaise|vlelojeie. sara aia's » 15 O EGGS LE EUN BRARANG SAOOL COL AD OCC aMIDO UENO 12 MIBMUANIER CONTAC: cicjo cee lec Sees sees ciocics ves 53 (PTE eae hietane Bancie DC BOaO nt Oa eeCuc 54 SHELDC QMETAGOMNLL™ oasccicls o's sccm aise a aise ese 53 LIT, 92, 5 Se a es 3 A ge 76 PUEITLORLES 20a) ante ardiianciein 6 sini oiae 276 MO PUGPLL ITE © oR oi )n se iroleicie v's sida nal nistesielaiais'sfe cine 276 (EI TITE RR NS i ee OS ee ce 277 EROS EG ete foloe nln cvate: arafaimicie ieleie sisicle scale «lore ain 277 PENITA CN Ete ial c tek Gne oh cuipetelan) | UMetelas Fi Ceanothus Americanus........ Apicauo aeiasios 219 RAMMED eens yo ita ctsve.cletals\wicvate’s) faves ate aia xtelaye 220 DMAGME I TLDEBRCONS) 225,05 2as o. desis arelnenaiess 221 Cebatha Carolina ............. hae icinioler iets teat ote 118 WU eireeemES Oe Sa Us osimelele. aisismieleex'sia.ein ooie'cle 3 Pe BIAPETHSISCANICENIA.. .\o's'.5/ssis sieve eematias wle.celeete 201 MOMIS/MUSHISSIPPIENBIB. ...05...0cc00cesseeeescc cs 88 MOeCL CRT GALT. Is sta clatc's cisvwaisistwaayers cle wtelate 8y occidentalis pumila > 3... de... «ese 90 Cephalanthus occidentalis ................-55 278 MGLCIBIOGANAGCUBIB so. osc. a's vcs ule wsie c's ace cies o> 176 DENIM NOK GY! logcclreccceus cea tcctts seen woes 175 PATE so teles aisle ciclo eleeaeiy,c Seer 173 UMUABES LACKS iL Seats Mate Selene ec hen cate 174 WMMIM CREME Pee Sao oid Baeils Sao aie sinienemtehne 172 Chestnut..... Depots aaleralaeiatersiavel eine tera Rtont eters cial Aas: Chickasaw Plum cal aratevoiova/claiets le ctotegialeractoaia’s 169 PLEUE GG DIT ae 2s a se a ee 54 OREM R I nw ters ei aleution an 72 Chionanthus WITEINICH cosets tes cece sooo ke 271 Choke-berry ..... atta! cisterotevelote sect gel oinia stemevare oh tawie 137 MMORBSONEY Ty). oiastaca sees scices Seses seis 175 “CSC ae ws asttelimeut sagen tese 231, 232 PASI ELO SES U7 leit ate oh cistnels oh eae Heals eons 232 TOTES ey ARP SCHOO OO RODE DICE RE CTE 231 Clematis Catesbyana..............0..0000-00e 104 CRETE RS ian cist Sincaecise ete mese nt cehaeet oe 105 LOTELTT CET RU Ae OE SS Oe re ney tear g fe sae 106 Lett Or J ahalare ny Stine 'v cis la'els ta aipieperctaye ares 107 DTU ETQA Se eee eee ea ee Ss 107 BOTT Ae ees Soea eure otsinn ae oaieon tees 108 VTS STEER i ae ar ae 169 “LVTELLIT Sy? 97 (ee eR a a 165 Poocwlus Carolinus i... 6. oes bs dase ees - 113 PPR AT THON.) .fi2is «cas aiciesooaase Soa Ey ay UNIDOS eS a ee ae SEAS 179 PBDITIONPAD DION oe os ccs sighed seasaereee ane 135 ETOCS apie cen OREO EE tore ror SEE: 111 Blueberry .....0.0:5< ia ch epake bees cere oe 255 BERELESNGONE omy ees See eae A Sy, Se ERe rey ene ee 280 PPR ee tess Lt wi ee oe 183 Pawpaw fo ercis os dct aieine senmn eine Sneminae 103 Mir ein vs BOWEL No s.ce'rs atone one 109 MSIL A CHSC oe bot 2a 8 wis cata eae teens 189 MEPMEURASET G55 3S alotee aatcod.o conta Sen eece 287 Loin 2 DVT es ee eee wSteaiees Peewee 86 RROD INO fons ge Sa ne yo. ee ee 20 ULES. RTO fa Se lee eee BEE sige lao 20 MMS AIEYNIfOlI9.. 5.60.3. c05.deedcceces aces 240 PRMPIRRERE INT ot Sao c¥aaiod eo dav, oem cee come 241 MEVIORUIOMLG cise ss clccce cea 2-0. ss,ceeneenne 242 candidiesima . JOU SAbCOCUnoG eos Ceca none 243 eircinata ....: Giaintsle 2 bie < e'eees wieon| ceeeeinee 244 PENREE N ot tise See e'e'e vie ac s'e:e,a)s10 ate RAS 245 DUS DTT OAORES AS BOOEIDDDUBOCHOLISCe sau ele 248 ENE Des SABE OESS DOOR OCDEE CODE OE Or OF 24L LEVI. 35 (Rae ban ani eco ile 246 ROEVINB VA MELIGANAD... cov cece ess cie.c0.cocceaues 45 MBER SO Ra: cisco cnemmee chjssisineieesaanieeee MAMMA COUNGIOES ./.cs2'0.c2e osc cocaes cocieciek 187 HAD TOS Cos a ee, SS ee 25 BURN CRE pte oS oh SiN oie aids siuis a(cin,v a'aie ole winioiels reaee 70 RPMS PRENSA ee eye i o's oa ev niciciz avs selene! Dieter 133 MUA n Roan es aiclavelala ndeljewte see eb ecee jecies 134 IRBEEOW -IGRVCM (5/505 c's ers.0 sue sobe cen saan 132 PEN EEMMUV TLL OV FO l-' c's sso olen’ s'est stean cy cae 35 ROK A OLILOILS: 75 5 'sicivip'e'e 0'0's vie'ele ote Sajaistsbree 140 SERSONII OE tA (hs tain la otte's cha'e'o aleisl ote sla eile? etm bate 141 coccinea macracantha.........-++..+--..... 146 1 Tas eR BRA A RASC B OS. IG SOOASHO 142 SEN MEE LS i ilac'cs wae were marian eel 143 MOUS = PAL OVALPON Aso. 2 occ c ccc cae secuvpeeccs 144 PRIM ANIE Mee ce eils 50%" ss sivas 6 eG Bua oh oa bees nee 145 IE ATLA CTACANAUNGS is ciacicisieisisis eln'alele sow t's (sinisircinte 146 MINOW Sk ta HEM SOULIO Ode CODD Oa DIC SROne 147 ORY ACADENG Sachi es towels eteiccleniclenna eat 148 PATVIPLOTG....- 22 ccccccrccvtccsscasascessnece 152. PTT HALA oo oa ein ols loos cain wie wisiely,-)azeinie,elc's mnielole 14y PPNGHW ALTA’. . ccc cece tac cece ie vesiacee misis 150 COTHOTANSN 5) cinccwwe clon sisiciosiclamt in sis cteiein ee 151 phils) Wemmnncn ee eae 152. Wiridis! does Bago Peet a ee 153 CORS= VINO ooo eblele' stare ole's ole alee sistnieiaps ovolotsla nie 74 COUCOMIDEI-LLER soc tann oe clams sie nclnels 269: SOMDUCEPOILE 6 « wiscla'e g.scir o oidieinnr ie « oleie\s «ininininia 267 DEPULER eter snne te Rania ont diaveie orelorelaisrecele| ai aiaan 266- Cin SO— ETO ne sc tease nos iene nceoie stated Gayluscacia dumosa Teningsas a web oee ceca ees Glau cons Willowieo: sees ce ecis tack isp aieccinne™ Gleditschia aquatica GYJHCHNTNOB So ..5- aoe iatione ae vis o's viniers.s\siaiai= Gooseberry, Missouri IPYTCRM yi Sohn ac cmt ices cles 'celss anainieg GLANS DOWNY Meee kee eee nae sooo ieae Hrost acca enacts Sant seein pone cea nae slew Sevan aici BLOMUS Facto crecemen stele oicisisllauatee SOMMEE Soc in ns a ceasiswiniewcaieensie(e'o : SWAPS oo see cjerslo on Sele nate o:. siaialas evela Boral 226. GYeGepCASliee scree Oe fencers anise wneias ES Green Driere «sack an cect oan alesis TP frye ncte, GEA SICK 1s wetercioe hele ee iecraciesieting ieee stem te 247 Tupelo Se htc OOS DAE COROT Case 243 Gymnocladus Canadensis............0000+-+9> 179 CHIOLEM BE Se eters cena citeiite he esea ces clareace- 179 EERO KMBUNY So ae ociat s naw ce ste nicl stetaays siete senile 89 OW coc ace ot ere ae BCE a et Nam 90 Weel aya ceenrstee veal alviatcte iste e ofexe's isha, biahe 838 Hairy Honevsuckle ..............+++ Seunaiten 299 Hamamelis Virginiana ........ ..+.-+-+-+++ 125 Ill INDEX. PUAPOMBCK wean Cosas wAced ob ence Ribs rune eae . 181 BO@AY Siac cr ness aaeeeeew oe ds ces ane ..-209, 210 Hawthorn, English Sahn: a gath ak 2 tied toe ae 148 Bi@GK vis 0 cc2cvss00ncavnenh nee pide siaheh ODE MA BOEN UGS coisa ot coven adie cic vtec euenaina me aeiaate 45 TOXBSI.. cases s arenes + cae rergve ob ¥daneeree Mea iOU ccs’ woe ces rae eden coe 46 Matrimony Vine. .. ..v00cecl sub +s egkn nnn 278 Fleart-leaved WillOW........csscecceccceress 82 Meadow-Sweet.. ..... .ccs..cennenasenaneeee 125, 130 RANGROLY JOLT. hate usb wp odin aeecits dememieases 86 Men!spermum Canadense ...........-. ie nipa le Hickory, BARC eee aoa ee 12 Miner Plum. ...)..c.acecccicc pec cee 171 MIOGROX= NUS visa y pacacas Uk cot lcci orem ser 12 Missourl Currant. ........+.05. -«sesseuaen ISU IMIR aia han wine Roldn siete SamParrn anes > aera 13 Moecker-nut WWLUAEE | stat one trcin faneltaetw ons © neki means 18 | Moonseed MALCOPIS GLDB. |. acc os vv chic co ciclere cxieiacels ioieiele kates lz Moosewood PO PROLG A cea cn cients « catia temas 13 Moras alba REMIND scainic cierores haieic’s asin oath pie Ueleltie wisiarataiate 14 TUDE... oo cen ccscoeees ess ei nnic amen TAO IMIOB Bic << wieiest sis nid Gs aco eataa ee Rasa V6 Mulberry .......<0000s0.clee sje sins ele anamnnnnne THIGYOCALDE » visi ies Mure nyo aerae cajcae nr Orineey ein 16 BADEN.) is ccramee rae oes : ert 2) 6.8 seco aaa 93 TINA TAL TING inc i/o. aiaiiaze ee iaxetes cutee Sais .cieic)- ota tialy , sjcrsfole: is'siere ners METS W EIST A aiel anal shcle-visieleroaidere ines atekeroare sneer MICE Meet force: i elcin ois slechvis sia:ein es ceamidrinclaaoe re eeeie NI PAI CAN 28 hw 5 faslnatuetaccicn soem eee Japanese Honeysuckle Jaglans cinerea ARLE EY nied ees od Haro cis] weenie em niciche eteiotke Juniperus Virginiana PUTT ETL At Cen aeebt tele s tee temiateieetici Krauhnia frutescens ay Large-toothed Aspen ........ aint iniciataletatens stata 23 Lead BG cise Sao tee ete dion aiettesmre ee 180 PSH) CPR har cae tots scenten on tiiebi caaecine 62 HB AGHO I LOW ON 105 o kcccneaicloccmaiiee ate aeor 107, 108 LUE NV ESOC hoot eee cmieimacig animation 238 Meitnexia Wloridana oo... c4nessclclccsmh doe. 20 SUSU OUINGS) 5 /-!oesis cicisisine ndaien toes eaiMeisjereiv ese eeies 250 Aca SPMLED ES terre tainlelb)s elateliatvip taisinisleraial el elelsiclorsintstete 250 ENO GHA ae fies us tou crreaiem cncii deste lsmeebeaeee 233 PI GOTe BENZOUMN «. «2-0 csiniele ted oles es bdeisiardecinlare 116 MCUIRB EPO eral. ly Weise eidainiorisieie's salen 117 L' quidambar Styracifiua a Wale ase dare ais aeiaie hist 126 Liriodendron Tulipifera ..............00000- 102 ees CVO OIMINON 2c oes caren ce victor atopeters = 183 Honey Wa eae cietarachetae lca mie elec ste tarasiere 178 Wisitions (250 OSS sec cacleatinn eats cen eows 177 Einigeicaved Willow .. .. cad:canchaseaecenen. 37 Lonicera Caprifolium dioica glauca grata hirsuta © VR BOMICH 2a c. ocalnicle: eyo aisteiere ole ainre Mrartete eaanalete eee 291 BOUIPOLVITENB'. . ous ats seseden 2,0 oe actace nee 292 POUUIE WATE Ss, son sie:e'e wsia crete wre siclere e acatenPnerae 293 UM ESRE CRI Psat», 12 cts sain, 2 ce aiaele Sec Suc emer 49 BSH BLACK DOMEY). ox «sc nee ase eRe ee 158 PUB CRIB OEE S.No creivale sro nee ache mote oer 90 WUE SIRGBG! woe crores kc ieee wo wee eaeeleee ; Lyc um vulgare Maclura aurantiaca Magnolia, small 3 Magnolia acuminata ee er a) WUE De ane etaitte warden toate care teceteieaal aa WESIDICR Gh Cotton es cae once sane edaraets Mantes Black Sugar... ..essscscs Shs daca 205 IRB e Ache cation cemeueice © f ejcviefolaja afaravoiayeinrataietals 207 SUV ORs re ckarcecapesaeane sia esa. ole:s. ofa ene erane 208 DETIPGd sis ccinne cc ees sbneariooadeas Tae Oe eucetele 206 Spanish . Swamp White Water WIC | ocscpcc cme nes oon ntaeeennnee Swamp Willow... Opulaster opulifolius .........200+e0++ BP ASE. 128 Orange; OSaZC. ..<. sc - sas. ener + /osanene Osage Orange....c..c..scceesee sane Bees pe! Oniter’ Willow ...2.5.20-seeace" we on ede en 28 Ostrya Virginiana........... Shee 44 Overcup Oak... ... 0.20002 «1 scene ene een 65— Panicled Dogwood .......:......e0+ a cccmene eee Pawpaw, Common......... «.- Be eRe oe .. 103 Paper Mulberry. ....-.. _.....svaseaaad .. 98 Parthenocissus quinquefolia........ siieae hae Partridze-perry......- 2. «sae os oa SRA . 279 Pecan...) 2. sh ccecnese (eee Se 2 mee) Persimmon. _....-o.s.. se. eeemeeene oo eee eee Phoradendron flavescens .......--....-+ Been! “Pignut Hickory .20. sess eee Meese nc sit! Pin-oak = ..Jsas 2 see nese cn eee meaenget ft Pinus echinata .......-.--. <« ee coiok casitccsisemneeeeeene Tintoa a eee Planera aquatics « ..... .....+=-ssneeeeene ile 2 PlanerUréey oo... Piatanns occidentalis. Plum, Miner. Wild GOOG)... scae.0 «neers Poison [Vy i..0.006 002 2.00060 ee See oO ee Sumach. Polygonella Americana ........+--+.-+0-- eas Oe ericoides 98 Se ee ed Populus alba . Dasa Mer Gic .cisce'e ental grandidentata ............. AN 2 heteropbylla......... ...s.s ai)ele «loco sisizcie sisicieraea is aloinie vsleieaisia TT Oct BAS or A soa nade Spoonvocakod set. 164 Gooseberry ...... setigera Reet WING seve dijon cs slices W oodsii. Pronus Americana HOGG*; Chim DIN gS ah tees cerncetactee wees eet 165 PANMETICANA MOLES (oh joc c. tem cies ieesjon er 168 TO WAMLIN ees ree aoe eee 161, 166 PUTEPSELS UL ORT SY Shtapt aisjeraraelearoisietc ic citeleienciatieleie 169 TTD a en ans GHA an AGH ere CREE hip meat e 160 SDA LEE EEE Reine arn cite OMmCctctc ee 170 RS WVLIME DD ays neretatevalecersichs, Ante. ais, crave ete ete otcioieree terete 162 Toni Prey blr EaaeeseopoorocaE cape acooc 171 WVAEC oat see we mcisa cma cmaietome WES Wennsylvanica... 2... 2. wc ce ewes cee cerrss= 172 LO RCO y See UAC ORe aH Scar Ar 161, 166 POVUNMEU EIR S to po trates ersveinis aid cicisiatatc eiaib nieve d's, cieisteelene 173 Rongh-leaved Dogwood..............0-...-- 242 REPOURIN A Vacs tie lho crete gc cwlits g sereteiae sunmietelsle 174 Round-leaved Dogwood ..............ssseees 244 WP UC AT Ait ig cs ceteris cate esiacied aie piaeieelee.ciom 175 IRMDU Canadensis: acadscsicc cd scale a tenetetoae 154 META UNIT Boo aelshsioeewioe oasce ss eiedielacericjerelase 185 CUNPMGINUB cohol gates cleete we eae cae 155 ERI L CPA ANEA Wino Jewiatdisictass cist sloiele.e)s o's aslcie aa 249 HUB PLCs | hose canes fa conc tbe ce cen 154 yrs amenstifolia o.oo. ssc. eran ce wcnerenes 132 CCIE ALIS: creearetetslarsts oie oteleietsieielal (ojala win \a/enlele« afeivie\e/sints 85 MA ROMIGH Ros 5. cia, cs dc s/ateleh eet Wc aranisiaaiere nie 86 WACCINIMIN ALDOFEUM 2.5... sec cere nes oneecee 254 RPT AM EIEN ar oe sje fai 2 ete ofarereie ole sinie ole/ttore! 255 PETE YAM AICHE ch istcisls omiel tale sierericisiel cea 256 RU EVIMDIMIGREENL (ay; oo (ore eeleinte ciaterielnsiaiatacteiainie 257 PUPAE PLATTE ecrsislc nto aieie io. sfetarsralnialeve sels arsieleyeieys 258 virgatum tenellum..............c...eees. 259 Viburnum alnifolinm 281 AGMEALHIM oie s.01- clelaciaiciciee TORINO LIER Fa aic ole. Selate Haves fialpesinls aicieip > sais Lentago..... Mie oitiniel bie eseietoteiaialale'a/ie/n's minielels/e 283 PVM MMO UML, sc cere alreteuis cemielsisseg aisieoralers 284 PUVESCENSE <5. - 0c). s0ci0e6 aot date eae teint a 225 Wireinian Creeper’. ..- 5. <.ce opie cecsieealiss = 230 Want Hols DWE: cai cieraceanisius'w'siaitleens 104,105, 106 COMITIODE Saree cree seins no nro pr oralelacieiasteamains seh 109 BVA btH OB MLV ARIS iaictera slum’ vis winclomiaiiopeiestes SOCDECIYELE: eee ee eee eee ee ey COYGIPOMA. J. avec sus cutensesennnee sce BSE PALMATA .... 0... ceensecceccees PD 9 i, o» 226 Ward’ Willow . on... civccsulsne eels ate are Water Locust ee ee ry ee ee ee Weeping Willow. eee ee ee) Wild Black Cherry Black Currant........ £0 ves uboeleSeere een Goose Plum ee ee er ay LOW |. ccsccxc en sc saccn lle eee ee Dwarf Gray GIsucous) -2.. <=. <6 de anes bee eee oe see ween ee eee es White.......:0.css5c+00 0s Fp ew. Winged Elm eee eee eee ee SF TULCECENS 2 orto ni- aan aloes Witch-hazel... a itceeinal Americanum . Yellow Hackberry. ...0: scene Gtova’e vets anie 215 PMFOLG AB PLO—ETCE: 6 os. 0 ai5,2;0 cies «10 /0/a sis! 8ieis)e)osels ie 237 BEPPIOPAITEL, BiZC OF.) c:<)2). 02 n0s cision eles. cise oe 240 PAP WVO SO EBE s 241 A nursery orchard—S. Miller............. - 287 PRPC AN MM PLAN na vnciass cic asliat meselleis sees 346 FAS POMOLOZICAL WONGEF .. 2....4- 3/6. 2: ani ssieeie'e 346 A letter from Missouri—G. T. Powell....... 350 B RRMKOLY. J: dey TEPOLIDY Micka. cclecees soe 17 SSest late strawberries: .. 46. e6s6.savecewnes 238 MSPRIRGW AYE POAT® ccclelecces ca ws cles che de dascat 238 BerryeCOUN ty BOCIOLY. 25 .s2.csice. Feces ds ots 254 SSALEMCOUNLY, SOCIOLY.2...02.6 sdclecwuecesess 254 Buchanan county society................0.00- 256 ISS EE COGS eo lee as Sec ache ae ne es a 304 Best blackberries—H. Schnell............... 229 Best strawberries—F. McCoun......... .... 221 C MOCEIIPIBTREELLA OM CP eB ah slots cto. is aaa «ccm snot wie 6 County societies............ pis Nelo: ciararathrolretieiee o 7 Mommisttees, Standing, .........:.00.ceseccces 4 Colman’s Rural World report. .............. 109 Country display at St. Louis................. 207 County premiums at Trenton ................ 237 SEIMLORV ELIOT 2 to, scce~ a cieeilerions eee ceceaeece es. 239 MCGIGKCOUNGY BOCLOLY =... ccs acess cus cveces- ce 259 AuUre cos TOOL APHIS: 26... cess cotccccccs 339, 340 D Discussion— NOB ETAWDOLTICS +o... hcccwtseceeosecececcns 47 SOTMBDYBV INES ios ccctseatocks trae saree ..160, 56 Onvexperiment Work : 200 ise. sch cteccsees 136 On-orehards. ..:%% 02)... sidlizjnielsre eencccle since ts 142 PEPE ROMS <5 towed clon Score en depose 158 On growth of plants...... SOD CDODOUM ACHE arn 152 On varieties of apples ..........c0.cce-s0s 153 OM STAPPs 52h case hele vei deweniocheeco we noe 195 Onurrigation 2.52.0. ome ce peace eee 227 Onsmall troiltss,:52 <2. cte eos oses eee 23 Diseased apple-trees.?:..........2-ccseenees 241 Deathvor Dr) A Goslint .. .a-ceamebereeeeee 93 Death of G. Segesseman...............-..00. 94 Donation of photographs, S. M. Harris .... 245 E Essays— Flowers in the home—Mrs EdgarDean. . 22 Strawberry —S W. Gilbert........... 305, 36 Strawberry—A. A. Blumer........... .... 39 Strawberry—Z. T. Russell ..............., 50 Blackberry and raspberry—G. P. Turner. 52 Ethics in horticulture—Miss Longnecker.. 58 Historical trees—Mrs. D.K Hail........ 61 Horticultural geology-—-E Walters....... 65 Herbaceous plaots—Mrs. J. A. Durkes... 72 Care of orchards—Homer Reed............ 82 Treatment of mildew—H. Jaeger ......... 89 ‘Hhe:rrape—W., M. OY? sea saeco ee tes cere 91 Summer bulbs—Lizzie Eepenlaub......... 87 Some reminiscences—U. P. Bennett ..... 100 Propagation of trees—Homer Riggle ..... 120 Flowers in the home—Mrs. G. E. Dugan. 125 Work of the Experiment station—L. A. GOOdMANK. Ao oan casero Ore eee 127 Prevention of fruit blight—S. W. Gilbert 138 Orchard trees—Conrad Hartzell........... 139 Lessons of the hour—A_ Nelson........... 145 Peach-growing-S. Blanchard............. 154 Peach-growing—C. Howard............... 155 Hardy peaches—Z. T. Russell............. 157 The chrysanthemum—A. H. Kirkland.... 167 History of the apple—Dan Carpenter..... 171 Orchard question—N. F. Muray........... 184 Vineyards— or. Seaver ar. conn0 cence eee 189 Grapes for money—G. F. Espenlaub...... 192 Care of grapes—A. Taylor. .... .......... 194 Best herbaceous plants--J. C. Whitten ... 245 Early explorations of South Missouri— Mrs ess Shepardes eo) sacs. at haat 268 Plums—Jacob Waithy sci occce secs cc cent cere 311 Horticulture—E. L. Pollard............... 313 Purchasing nursery stock—J. C, Evans... 315 HIXPOSLUION 5. eMac seds ce cemklete tetee eee 213 Hleotion of OMicerays: = suiseeasccscssoceeeer 220 II INDEX. Pollenization—J Kirchgraber............ 319 Rural homes—W. Barker..............+e8. 822 Manures—G. W. Hopkins... ............- 825 Orcharding for profit—A. J. Davis ....... 827 Planting and care—A. J. Davis. ......... 828 When shall we plant?—H. H. Park....... 830 Poultry and horticulture—M J Rountree. 331 Codling moth—P. T. Green.... ........... 833 Experience with anthracnose—G.P.Turner 233 F Fruit‘show at St. Louis, letters ............. 27 Frank Gaiennie, Jetters ........ccec.ssecerees 27 Fruit display at St. Lows. .............-0.06: 206 Fruit at Exposition. ............cseeeseeeeeee 211 Future work of the Society...........++ --.- 217 Fertilization of fruit—J. W. Rouse.......... 502 G Great display of fruits—Colman’s Rural WV AIBN soa isc cece sistas grrr ssseeee nese es 214 Greene county society ........--eeereeee scat LOS H Horticulture at the Exposition .............. 214 Honorary MeMbEeTS......--- eee ee eee eeeeeeees 3 [ Incorporation of the Society. ........--- meres ado Irrigation—G. W. Waters .....-.eeeeeereeee 223 Irrigation—B. F. Smith ........--.seeee-ee: 221 Insect notes—Miss M E. Murtfeldt Ltcdata eae 292 Insect notes—Prof. Riley.........-.eeseeeeees 291 L TaAfe MOMDCLS.. . 2 000000001000 sce essives sisccne cee 3 Letters— Frank Galennie.........sccccucsesces cosie-2l, 209 Concerning fruit ShOW.......-.--.eseeeee ees 27 Ee AS ESET OH Wits salah die wiles laivinis ckain/sic(esslesejarrisiele 74 Bre LG ORIOL is aces ayaistatese = /ojeimuyelninie(esieceibioiwis[aioia 75 UN LR ai Ghto Wgpecormodcdcoosneue) Avoca. 75 Te, Wire TULTAS) coin, ore: 5 osoveiein/e'alopsn/o/dX0\1», 5 in \clamssia 76 J. . G. Jenkins -... 0 A hcraanocold ae TU STi ELOWGLE sie base claicletere(e.e,s bts io:0iareWerejun,slaazels 203 SC BIANCMALG .. 2.00, s00 r0:0s10° te creYoroarsioterediare 242 ACE He ViGKUIN GOLD) sea nes, 5 cjaleaiss vietelnieieleter aistole 242 Kansas City Journal, Bishop J. J. Hogan. 243 Wm McCray 5 Seeks craaiaie aw as aes 243 Ed. O. Judd Farmer, rs Taylor eas ani heels 244 erie OW SLCOMBOU ay scigesap't cies. okae comics 244 C. G Comstock, Dr. Paul Schweitzer..... 245 Sh RIE ES nu ope een cere riceemarorns damnaene 245 Livingston county society........0..seeeeeees 257 M Meeting at Harrisonville.........++..seee-00 9 Meeting at Trenton............seeeseeceeenene 107 Missouri fruit show at St. Louis Exrosition 21) Missouri fruit SHOW. .6..006.scescccnscne Sajateiate 212 Miscellaneous papers.........ee-ee wales wiciate 260 N Notes by Judge Miller........ aoc. Perry iy 8 oh New apple o> bee weeesic weies\ ety wai nnn 238 Notes from Woodbanks oosseccen cual: OME 265 O Ornamental tree growing—C. I. Robards... 252 Orcharding in Missouri’. ....... Joye essen 845 Oregon County Society.............. PPP Tye i. 256 wie Presentation to Secretary. .......-.ceeeeeeee ah tk Post-Dispatch report ........... Apart ate: Places for meetings: ......<:c0s=eseeuee ene 220 Pears and plums ....5<-:.<. 2c cs sssuee eee 239° Planting dormant peach buds ............... 241 Packing and marketing—C. C. Bell......... 250 Q Questions and answeFs .....-.... olee'alg vin baal genre R Reporis— Tuesday, June 6, 8p. WM. sc. ..5.se seen 9 EB. CG. Allott. 3 :iie.¢.5% ©. 2 eee ene 11 Of Secretary L. A. Goodman ethene 2. 26 Of Treasurer*A. Nelson <:.5:5-csaaeeenee «. 84 Wednesday, June 6,9a.M........ ide eka On small fruits—G. W. Hopkins ......... 40: Fruits in Central Missouri—H. Schnell... 41 Strawberries—Sam’! Miller.. .... 5 ian onan 43. On small fruits—J. N. Menifee ........... 654 On spraying—G. W. Waters .............. 55 Wednesday, June6,2p M......... dane g Wednesday, June6, 8p.m...... ds ieee pki si: Thursday, June 7,9@.M ............555 seat On small fruits—G. L. Turton ..... Bei. Pye fs 3 Of Lafayette. county. .\. 2. -s-semeere eee oot: wae On orchards—H Speer ......... sion ais 6 of 80- On orcharde—J A. Durkes........ ds dita 81 On grape -growing—S. Blanchard.......... 86 On grape-growing—G. W. Water sigsle hese 8&8 On grape-growing—H. Jaeger......... Reto As) Of committee on obituary .......-. din jeeemmte 93 Of committee on fruits .......-.. odlelae'eoks OO Of committee on flowers....-........+: dap ae Of committee on final resolutions......... 103 Of L. A. Goodman.)<... soceseseeeeeeene és ADT, From Trenton papers ...-........cssesssse 112 Tuesday, Dec. 4, 7:30 p.M .......-.+.6. odek LAD Ot committee on Experiment station. .... 137 Wednesday, Dec.5,94&.M........... «jenna kate Wednesday, Dec 5,2 p.M™........ sipahain Wednesday, Dec. 56, 7:30 p. Mm...... veins OEE Thursday, Dec. 6, 9 &.M.........0062-- 00 189 From county societies ..........-.... . 254, 195 From M'chigan state society ....... oe 198 From Illinois state society.......... Meer . 198 From Kansas state society...... o waste 198 Of secretary at Trenton...........+.-.+- oo. 204 Of treasurer at Trenton ............-.++- «- 219 Of committee on Pres. Evans’ account. .. 236 On spray pump exhibit ........ o's wa Tee etatae eae Of committee on fruits. .........seeeeees Job 200 Thursday, Dec. 6, 7:30p.Mm....... o Uiceneepee INDEX. Ill Roads and road laws. an Raspberry growing—J. N. Menifee Sven 228 Root rot in South Missouri—W. A. Gardner 347 Ss Secretary’s report, June. ..... 1... 61 ceeee 25 Spraying—L. A Goodman..... .... ...---- 29 Secretary’s report, December. .............. 204 Small fruits—G. W. Fry... .......---.eeecees 230 Size of apple barrel ...... 2.2 ..0.26/.2.00- ces 240 BEE YANCOIS COUNTY: s.). 0c eve ness wean ee 255 State Horticultural society—Rural World .. 210 St. Louis fruit show ..... RUD UNEL teen iotetare since otels 211 T Treasurer’s report, June ... ...........2+05 34 Timeifor plantingy;.f%).4 22 dencieen i cisies lier aerate 235 Pwir DISHES eset se cs Hee eee eee 240 Twelve shrabs) .i/ssg°9. aves Sete cstn acaeienee 262 The growing of nut trees )..-.0. 0.1. .veecincane 288 Treasurer’s report, December. ............. 219 Trees, shrubs and vines of Mo.—B. F. Bush 353 Work of. the: Soclety s:ucscineesciiconosenneae 31 World’s Fair bills and accounts ..........:. 235 TAI == Svso tS PNA