NO. 216 1 > !•:< 'EMBER, 192S Montana Insect Pests for 1927 and 1928 The Twenty-Second Report of the State Entomologist of Montana J. It. Parker, Acting State Entomologist W. I'.. Mabee, Assistant Stati EJntomo rs-j Female Mormon Cricket (Axabrus simplex Held.) UNivErsity op Montana SWTE PUBLIWHONS COLLECTION AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BOZEMAN. MOINTANA OCT 3 1 2007 MONTANA STATE LIBRARY HELENA, MONTANA 5962C Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2008 with funding from Montana State Library http://www.archive.org/details/annualreportofstentno22mont Montana Stale Library 3 0864 1004 0522 7 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Bozeman, Montana, December 1, 1928. To His Excellency, John E. Erickson, Governor, Helena, Montana. My dear Sir: As Acting State Entomologist during Professor R. A. Cooley's absence in South Africa and France, I have the honor to submit the twenty-second report of the State Entomologist which (overs the calendar years of 1927 and 192S. As in the past, this report will be printed in the bulletin series of the Agricultural Experiment Station. Very respectfully yours, J. R. PARKER. Acting State Entomologist. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page How insect pests are fought in Montana 5 Mormon crickets S .Mo run hi cricket parasites 8 The Bertha army worm , LO Mosquitoes 1 1 Sugar beet leafhopper L3 The Golden Spider beetle la new insect in Montana) II Insect pests of 1927 and 1928 of alfalfa 1" ii! animals ' 17 of apples 17 of currants 17 of cherries 17 of flowers 17 of general garden crops 18 of beans 18 of cabbage IS of corn 1 8 of onions IS of | nit a toes 18 of tomatoes 19 of gooseberries 19 of greenhouse plants 1!' Of households 1!' ©f native grasses 20 Of oats 20 Of plums , 20 of raspberries 20 Of roses 20 of strawberries 20 of stored products 20 of SUgar beets 21 of soils -1 of trees 21 Of ash 21 of box elder 21 of cottonw 1 21 ol elm 22 Of poplar 22 Of willow 22 Of vines 22 Of wheat 22 Insects sen! in Cor identification 2-". Twenty-Second Report of the State Entomologist HOW INSECT PESTS ARE FOUGHT IN MONTANA WHAT THE LAW REQUIRES OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST The original law providing for a State Entomologist, passed in 1903, includes the following statement:1 "When it becomes known to the State Entomologist that an outbreak of an insect has occurred in any part of the state, it shall be his duty to go to the scene of the outbreak or send a suitably qualified assist- ant. The State Entomologist or said assistant shall determine the extent and seriousness of the outbreak and when necessary publish or make public demonstration of the best remedies to be employed." The county insect pest law, passed in 1921. contains the following statement:- "The board of commissioners of any county in the state where there are any insect pests are hereby authorized and empowered to appoint some suitable person or persons whose duty it shall be, acting under the direction of the state entomologist, to poison, kill, catch and exterminate insect pests within such counties." From the above quotation it is seen that it is the duty of the State Entomologist or his assistants not only to keep in touch with and to control minor insect outbreaks all over the state but also to direct the larger control campaigns in which county funds are used to wholly or partly meet the cost of field operations in actually fighting insects. HOW THE LAW WORKS OUT IS PRACTICE In the past these two laws have worked out very well in practice. Instances of insect damage, if at all severe, are either discovered by the State Entomologist or his assistant or are quickly reported by county agents or individual farmers. The State Entomologist or his assistant visits the locality and, if the damage is restricted to a single farm or community, control 2See Chapter 72, Revised Codes of the State Entomologist Law, No. 914. -See Revised Codes of the County Insect Pest Law, No. 4503. G MONTANA KN 1'KU IMKNT STATION BULLETIN 216 measures are recommended to the owner, who puts them into operation at his own expense. If control operations on a large scale are needed or if dangerous insects are breeding on public lands and thereby becoming a menace to crops on privately owned land, the county authorities are appealed to and the county pest law is used. In the latter case the State Entomolo- gist or his assistant spends considerable time in the county, selecting and training the local men who are to be left in charge and outlining a control campaign. After the county organiza- tion begins to function successfully the State Entomologist is free to give aid in some other section of the state, returning frequently enough to make sure that the local organization is operating successfully. In addition to field work in connection with insect out- breaks, surveys must be conducted to determine whether un- usually dangerous insects like the European corn borer and the alfalfa weevil are already within the state. To wait until their presence is indicated by damage to crops would be dis- astrous, for the insect would have such a start that it would be very difficult to prevent it from spreading to all parts of the state. WHO DOES THE WOBK The Entomologist of the Experiment Station is by law the State Entomologist; he also gives half of his time to teaching entomology in the Montana State College. Since he receives no salary from the State Entomologist fund his first duty is to the Experiment Station and to the College, each of which pays half his salary. It is obvious that the State Entomologist could not satisfactorily perform his duties in the Experiment Station, teach classes in the State College, and have much time left to travel about the state demonstrating insect control. The actual field work is therefore carried on to a large extent by an as- sistant working under the supervision of the State Entomologist. The present Assistant State Entomologist is W. B. Mabee, a graduate of Montana State College and for several years Exten- sion Entomologist in North Carolina. He is employed on a part-time basis, giving half of his time to the Experiment Sta- tion and half to the work of the State Entomologist's office. TWENTY-SECOND REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 7 Although the State Entomologist law authorizes the payment of both the salary and the traveling expenses of the Assistant State Entomologist, his salary is at present paid by the Exten- sion Service since his work makes it unnecessary to employ an Extension Specialist in Entomology. His traveling expenses are paid from the State Entomologist fund. DOES INSECT CONTROL WORK PAT? When State funds are used for any purpose the taxpayer very naturally is inclined to ask "Does it pay?" It is difficult to make even an approximate guess as to how much the services of the State Entomologist's office have saved the farmers of Montana. Each year hundreds of letters are received from individuals who wish to know how to stop insect damage of various kinds. Their letters are answered, and information is given through the press to hundreds of others. This information is bound to result in the saving of considerable money but it is so scattered that it would be foolish to even guess at the amount. • During insect outbreaks in which large acreages are in- volved much more definite ideas of the value of insect control can be obtained. During such campaigns county agents and others keep an account of the number of acres treated and the percentage of control obtained. By knowing the approximate acre value of the crop a rather close estimate can be made as to the saving effected. Some of the most outstanding insect outbreaks in which definite data are available as to the amount saved, are as follows: Army cutworm, 1915, estimated saving $ 450,000 Grasshoppers, 1921-1924, estimated saving... 5,391,300 Mormon crickets, 1927, estimated saving 120,000 $5,961,300 These three items alone give a total saving of farm crops valued at close to six million dollars while the appropriations for the work of the State Entomologist since the office was created in 1903 total about $40,000. It would be difficult to point to any other expenditure of State funds which has re- turned as great a saving for the money invested. 8 .MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 216 INSECT PESTS OF 1927 AND 1928 MORMON CRICKETS During the past biennium, Montana has been fortunate in having only one insect outbreak of major importance, namely, the Mormon cricket outbreak, in Lake and Sanders counties. The legislature of 1927 increased the appropriation to the State Entomologist fund from $500 to $2,250, which made insect con- trol work possible during the season of 1927. Although the crickets had doubled the area which they infested in the spring of 1926 and had shown a tremendous increase in numbers, con- trol work was so successful that the crop damage was negli- gible, being confined to a few acres of alfalfa. Due to the in- creased numbers of crickets and the greater infested area, the damage in 1927, had no control work been done, would un- doubtedly have been much greater than that in 1926 which was conservatively estimated to amount to $120,000. At least, then, it can be said that damage similar to that in 1926 had been prevented. The cost of the control campaign, materials, equip- ment, and labor was paid for by the counties involved through the insect pest law and from funds supplied by the Indian De- partment through Mr. Charles E. Coe, superintendent of the Flathead Agency. The total cost of the campaign amounted to $7,500. Figuring this way, the work shows 1600 per cent on the investment for insect control. Mormon cricket control was continued during the spring of 1928. An assistant was placed in charge of the work in Lake county and also one in Sanders county. Very few crickets hatched and only a small amount of poisoning was necessary. The work was completed the first of June. There will probably be no need for cricket control work in this territory for several years, or at least until climatic- conditions are favorable for a sufficient time to allow the crickets to build up their population to menacing proportions. A complete and detailed report of Mormon cricket control work is being published in another bulletin. MORMON CRICKET PARASITES During the Mormon cricket campaign, two parasites were discovered working on crickets. One, a large sphecid wasp, (Palmodes laeviventris Cress) was observed in the fall of 1926 TWENTY-SECOND REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 9 in the cricket-infested area, but it was not particularly abundant and no attention was paid to it. During the late summer of 1927, however, these large black wasps were quite conspicuous and were consequently closely watched. They were seen attack- ing crickets and stinging them. The sting apparently paralyzed but did not kill the cricket. When attacked the cricket would extend its large hind legs above its body in an endeavor to pro- tect itself, and, if a male, it would chirp distressingly. The wasp usually succeeded in stinging the cricket but not without considerable difficulty. After stinging several crickets, the w asp would search for a suitable place, then dig a hole into which it would laboriously drag the cricket. It would then deposit one of its eggs on the cricket, always attaching the egg to the soft membrane which joins the large legs to the body. The cricket was then covered with dirt. After filling the hole level with the surface, the wasp would carry small straws, sticks, and stones, and pile them on the surface in an attempt to make the opening appear like the surrounding soil. Very often, how- ever, they would overdo this camouflaging so that their burrows could be found by searching for the little piles of sticks and stones. As many as five parasitized crickets have been taken from a single burrow, each one, however, separately buried with an individual egg. One cricket was placed on top of the other, separated by a layer of dirt. Sometimes a burrow consisted of several branches, each containing a cricket. During the fall of 1927 these large black wasps were un- usually abundant and holes were evident every few inches over tracts of 40 acres or more. Upon hatching, the larva or grub of the wasp remained attached to the cricket, eating and grow- ing until the entire contents of the cricket's body were con- sumed. The larva would then spin a tough cocoon in which it would pass its pupal or resting stage, emerging as an adult wasp late the following summer (July) just in time to begin work on the new crop of adult crickets. The other cricket parasite wTas a tiny dark wasp (Sparaison pilosum Ashmead) less than one-fourth inch long. It was a parasite of the cricket eggs. Although considerable time was spent observing this parasite, we never learned just when or how it deposited its eggs. In any event, the tiny larva of this 10 MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 216 wasp was found within the cricket egg, where it grew, devel- oped, and consumed the entire contents of the egg. Instead of the cricket hatching from the egg in the spring, these para- sitized eggs would remain in the soil until late July, at which time an adult wasp would emerge from the cricket egg in time to begin work on the newly laid cricket eggs of the following season. Neither of these parasites developed in large numbers until most of the control work had been completed and killing of the crickets in the control campaign depleted their numbers seriously. However, had no control practices been used, these parasites would undoubtedly have destroyed a large proportion of the crickets during the next few years. THE BERTHA ARMY WORM The Bertha army worm, Barathra configurata Walk., made its first appearance in Montana in outbreak numbers during the late summer and fall of 1928. Dr. W. C. Cook, of the Ex- periment Station, has taken occasional individuals of the adult moth in light traps for some years past, but not until this year has the worm appeared in large numbers in this state. This insect has been a rather serious pest during the last few years in the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada. On August 3rd, the writer first found these insects near the Cana- dian border north of Eureka. Soon thereafter specimens began , 1 -jr^nr-"**! Distribution of the Bertha Amy Worw 1928 FlGUBE 1 TWENTY-SECOND REPORT OF STATE EXTOMOLOGIS I 11 arriving- at the office with complaints of damage and requests for control. On the accompanying map (fig. 1) are indicated the places where this insect has done some damage. The major damage was done to alfalfa. However, sugar beets in the Ronan district and cabbage plants in one field in Gallatin County also suffered. Although the damage was very slight this year, this insect undoubtedly built up its population and under favorable conditions it may appear in outbreak num- bers next season. Dr. Cook and the writer are now working on the history and records of Canadian outbreaks in the hope that some clue may be had as to what to expect the coming season. This in- sect will be carefully wratched for, and if necessary control operations will be organized. MOSQUITOES During 1926 many requests for mosquito control work were received. Most of these requests came from the Milk River Valley. Although very little was known regarding the habits of mosquitoes in this state, it was decided to attempt some control measures during the season of 1927. A study of our records showed that thirty-eight different species of mosquitoes occurred in Montana. In records from Milk River Valley, al- though many species of mosquitoes occurred, it was apparent that only four were responsible for the majority of the com- plaints, namely Aedes spenceri Theo., Aedes nigromacidis Ludl., Aedes vexans Meig., and Aedes dorsalis Meig. A man was sent to the Milk River Valley who was paid partly by the Malta Chamber of Commerce and the Chinook Lions' Club, and partly by the Experiment Station. Much interesting information was secured concerning the life history and habits of mosquitoes. In 1928 work was confined to the Malta district, as with the funds available much more information could be had by con- centrating study in one locality. Excellent cooperation was secured through Mr. T. L. Larson, secretary of the Malta Com- mercial Club. Fine control was secured until about the middle of May when, due to exceedingly dry weather, irrigation was started on a large scale. Normally irrigation is not started until July. In 1928, however, the irrigation produced a July crop of mosquitoes during the last part of May. The man in L2 MONTANA KNI'KRIMKNT STATION lU'LLHTIN 216 charge of control operations was swamped with work and could not begin to oil all of the irrigation water that contained mosquito larvae. As a consequence, although dead mosquito larvae were so thick in many fields as to create a strong stench, enough of them matured to produce a heavy crop of mosquitoes in June. Then came the rains in July, the total precipitation being 5.17 inches as compared with the normal rainfall of 1.73. Two and four-tenths inches of the July rainfall came in two hours' time, which produced more or less of a flood. This l-'n.i RE 2 high water distributed the mosquito larvae, that were at that time in pools and irrigated fields, all over the country, so that mosquitoes were maturing out of road-side pools, drainage ditches, and almost every place where standing water was found. Needless to say, there was much more water contain- ing mosquito larvae than could be oiled by one man or by the quantity of oil available. The accompanying chart (fig. 2) graphically shows the abnormal conditions under which this TWENTY-SECOND REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 13 work was conducted during 1927 and 1928. The average rain- fall for May for a 25-year period is 2.09 inches. In May, 1927, the rainfall was excessive — 7.46 inches. This produced abnormal flooded conditions during that season and made control nearly impossible. On the other hand, during May, 1928, there was only 0.26 inch, an excessively dry condi- tion which, as before mentioned, made irrigation necessary on a large scale and developed a July crop of mosquitoes in May. During June, both in 1927 and 1928, conditions were very nearly normal as indicated by June rainfall, but during both years mosquitoes were unusually abundant, due to May con- ditions, 1927 having excessive rainfall and 1928 having exces- sive irrigation. During July the rainfall in 1927 was 3.67 inches and July, 1928, 5.17 as opposed to a normal of 1.73 inches. In 1927 the rainfall was more evenly distributed dur- ing July, and control work was partially successful. However, during July, 1928, the rains coming in almost a cloudburst and producing flooded conditions made control work impossible. However, during these two years much was learned about the habits of mosquitoes and considerable data were compiled which will help materially in control work in the future. Mr. G. A. Mail, who spent considerable time in Phillips County doing experimental work during 1928, secured a consid- erable amount of information regarding the life history and habits of various species of mosquitoes, determining the time necessary for mosquito eggs to hatch and discovering where and how several species deposited their eggs as well as discover- ing several new species that have not hitherto been recorded in Montana. These mosquito studies should be continued for sev- eral years, or until definite, practical recommendations for con- trol can be made. In the Milk River Valley, mosquitoes are a major pest from an agricultural standpoint and are of suffi- cient importance to justify considerable time and money in working out control measures. SUGAR-BEET LEAFHOPPER The sugar-beet leafhopper, Eutettix tenella Baker, often called the white fly by the sugar-beet people, has been the sub- ject of study for the past biennium. In cooperation with the United States Bureau of Entomology, through their representa- 11 .MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 216 tive, Doctor Walter Carter of Twin Falls, Idaho, a survey of the state has been attempted. The solid dots on the accompany- ing map (fig. 3) show where this insect has been found in Montana. The circles indicate where search has been made, but as yet this insect has not been found. During the past two years the United States Bureau of Entomology has been supplying part of the funds for this survey work. The coming season this money ($500) will not be available. This survey, however, should be continued over a period of years to determine whether this insect will spread and increase under favorable conditions. The sugar-beet industry is important in Montana and the State Entomologist should be prepared to advise the growers and the manufacturers alike as to the probable dangers from this insect which has closed manv factories in other states. Di atri tout! on of the Sugar Beet Leaf Hopper 1928 FlGUKl 3 \ M\V INSECT IN MONTANA The Golden Spider beetle, Niptus hololeucus Fald., a house- hold pest, has been found in Butte. In the middle of October. 1928, a tiny gold-colored beetle about ] 8 inch long, was sent in from a residence in Butte with the complaint that it was very abundant and a nuisance around the house. Upon investiga- tion, this insect proved to be a native of Asia Minor, now oc- TWENTY-SECOND REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 15 curring as a general household and stored-product pest through- out Europe. One specimen of this insect was recorded from Halifax in 1899, an infestation was found in Montreal in 1904, and another in Boston in 1920. Together with the recent rec- ord from Butte, these are the only places the insect is known to occur in North America. In the Old World this tiny beetle has been recorded as feeding on almost any kind of stored product. It has been found living in all sorts of spices and drugs. It has been reported as injuring carpets in England, stored grain in Sweden, and has done considerable damage in chocolate factories, and in stored wool and leather in Switzer- land. It is certainly a household nuisance and an undesirable addition to our list of injurious insects. This beetle has un- doubtedly been in Butte for several years. An attempt is being made to exterminate it in the one house that it is known to in- fest. It probably occurs in other places in the city, and we would be pleased to hear from any person who has seen it. It is hoped that Montana conditions will not be favorable for its development and that it will not become the pest that it is in Europe. The adult beetle is Vs incn m length, quite round in shape, and of a satiny gold color. The beetle is unable to fly and it is only in shipments of various products that it can be dispersed to any great distance. 1NSK( IS OK .MINOK IMPORTANCE As has been previously stated in this report, Montana has been particularly fortunate in having but one outbreak of major importance during the past two years. When we will again be visited with a large grasshopper or cutworm outbreak can not now be prophesied. However, aside from these insects of major importance which have just been discussed, there are many others of minor importance which have done, in the ag- gregate, considerable damage during the past two years. Figures 4 and 5 show the distribution throughout the state of communities which have requested information on insect control. L6 .MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 216 Requests for Inseet Control 1S27 Figure 4 Lij\>i.e^^vy Requests for Insect Control 1928 FlGl RE 5 TWEXTY-SECOXD REPORT OF STATE EXTOMOLOGIST Following is a list of the insects that have been reported doing damage to Montana crops during 1927 and 1928: Com \k>\ Name Bertha army worm ALFALFA Scientific Name Barathra configurata Walk. Blister beetle Cantharis nuttalu Say. Tarnished plant hug Lygus pratensis Linn. Western thrip FrariklinieUa ocddentalis Cattle lice Mosquitoes Woodtick Codling moth WIMAL PARASITES Anoplura Culicidae D( mancentor andersoni Stiles. 4PPLES Carpocapsa pomonella Linn. Cottony maple scale Pulvinaria ritis Linn. Blister mite Eriophyes pyri Pgst. Oyster shell scale Apple leaf-hopper Apple leaf roller Buffalo tree hopper Green fruit worm Currant fruit fly Currant aphis Pear sluig Maggots Ants Aphids Garden slugs White grub Scale insect Lepidosaphes ulm; Linn. \< a in nl i Leb. Archips argyrospila Walker Ceresa bubalus Pab. Graptolitha sp. CURRANTS Epochra canadensis F. Loew Myzus ribis Linn. CHERRIES Caliroa cerasi Linn. Sp. undetermined FLOWERS Formicidae Aphididae Agriolimax agrestis Linn. Scarabeidae Sp. undetermined Date Locality 1927 1928 Whitehall July 30 Eureka Aug. 18 Eureka Aug. 17 Kalispell Aug. 23 Sidney June 26 Pablo Sept. 13 Glasgow June 14 Brinkman Mar. 24 Monida June 15 Ronan Aug. 8 Fallon May 2 Missoula May 26 Missoula June 14 Stockett Jan. 19 Noxon June 27 Ronan Sept. 7 Plains Julv 21 Poison Apr. 8 St. Ignatius Apr. 30 Missoula May 26 Victor Aug. 17 Baker May 26 Ronan June 14 Elmo Aug. 3 Bozeman Apr. 5 Helena July 10 Ronan Apr. 26 Eureka July 11 White Water Aug. 28 Livingston June 15 Billings July- 22 Fromberg July 14 Havre Aug. 8 Big Timber Ju/ne 21 Glendive July 25 Ringling May 8 Dillon July 11 Miles City Aug. 3 Helena May 3 Moccasin May 8 18 MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 216 i o\i mon Nam i: Blister beetles Celery leaf-tier Cutworms Wiroworms Garden slugs Potato bug GENERAL K\ (HOTS Scientific Name Cantharis nutallii Say. Phlyctaenia ferrugalis llbn. Chorizagrotis auxiliaris Grote Elaterii Tinestids 1 >ermestidae Belmont June 8 Ground b< i Bradycellus Bozeman Apr. 21 i Jockroaches Blattidae Billings June 1 House flies Musca domestica Linn. Missoula June 7 Silver fish Lepismc saceharina Linn. Havre Aug. 7 Sow bug Oniscidae Helena June 18 Mealj bug Pseudococcinae Butte Sheridan Wilsall Wolf Creek Feb. Jan. 7 Mar. 29 Feb. 23 1 Plant lice Aphididae Loma July 19 Clothes moths Tineola biselliella Hun. Poison Cascade Great Falls Nov. Mar. May 11 31 10 German cockroach Blatella germanica Linn. Outlook Oct. 19 Golden spider beetle Xiptus hololeucns Fald. Butte Oct. 12 Ants LAWNS Formicidae Trident Harlem Billings May 1 June 1 May 25 20 MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 216 NATIVE GRASSES Dai e Common Nam] SCIENTIFIC NAME Locality 1927 1928 Moths Scepsis fulvicollis Hbu. Whitehall July 1G < 'ui worms OATS Noctuidae Columbus June 11 Plum gouger Plum gall mites S iwfly PLUMS Coccotorus Scutellaria LeC. Undetermined Melstone Huntley Billings Stanford Joliet Oct. 2 Apr. 1 2 Apr. 14 July 11 July 11 False chinch bug Raspberry beetle KASI'KFKKIKK \ ysius ericae Schill. Byturus unicolor Say. Red spider Tetranychus telarius Linn. Raspberry cane borer Oberea bimaculata Oliver Missoula Florence Missoula Eureka Missoula Victor June 22 July 20 July 30 July 11 Aug. 23 Aug. 16 Rosebud curculio ROSKS Rhynchites bicolor Fab. Garden slugs Agriolimax agrestis Linn. Raspberry cane borer Oberea bimaculata Oliver Soft scale Coccus hesperidum Linn. Laurel Mar. IS Miles City Air :; Dillon Aug. 11 Scobey July ::i Wibaux July 3 STRAWBERRIES Ants Formicidae Garden slug Igriolimax agrestis Linn. Plant lice Aphididae Strawberry root weevil Otiorhynchus ovatus Linn. Strawberry leaf roller Ancylis comptana Froehl. White grubs Phyllophuga sp. Livingston July 20 Conrad Aug. Big Timber June Broadus June Dryhead June 15 Columbia Fall! 3 Mar. 20 Dillon June 25 Twete July Plains May Missoula July 21 14 31 STORED PRODUCTS Confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum Duval Bean weevil Mylabrus obtectus Linn. Dermestids Dermestidae Granarj weevil Calandra granaria Linn. Larder beetle Meal snout niolli D( rmesU s lardarius Linn. Pyralis farinalis Linn Butte Dec 3 Bozeman Mar. ( 'i vern Apr. - Havre Aug. Plains June 7 Helmville July Helena Feb. 15 TWENTY-SECOND REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST SUGAR BEETS 21 Common Kami Scientific Name Sugar-beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis Linn. Bertha army worm Barathra configurata Walk. Locality Roundup I lanlin Ronan Date 1927 1928 Apr. 2 Aug. 17 Aug. 18 Crane fly White grub Tipulidae Phyllonhaga SOIL Big Fork Fort Benton Conrad May 3 June 26 June 19 Ants Chrysomedid ' Leaf beetle Long-horned i< riant lice Pine borers Red spider Spruce galls TREES Pormicidae Harlem July 31 Lina scripta Fab. Conrad June 25 Crysomella multi punctata Say. Scobey Sept. 25 Cerambicidae Ronan July 21 Aphididae Dillon July 18 Augusta June 23 Undetermined Mosby Sept. 22 Paratetranychus populi Butte June 12 . s cooleyi Gillette Lewistown Sept. 25 Blister l • Hawk moth Plant lice VSII EpU auta macujata Say. Sphingidae Aphididai Jordan Harlem Whitefish Crow Agency July 10 Aug. 28 June 22 June 21 Box elder aphis Cottony maple seal.' Canker worm Glover's silkworm Plant lice BOX ELDER Periphyllus negundinis Thos. Pulvinaria vitis Linn. Alsophila pometaria Harris Sam in glovi ri Strecker Aphididae I ia\ re .Missoujla Havre Glasgow- White Water Glasgow Culbertson Bridger Sept. 24 July 21 June 10 Aug. 17 Aug. 28 Aug. 11 Aug. 16 June 18 Aspen borers COTTONWOOD Saperda calcarata Say. Cottony maple scale Pulvinaria vitis Linn. Cottonwood leaf beetle Lina scripta Fab. " miner Zeugophora scutellaris Suff. Big poplar sphinx Pachysphinx modesta Harris Glasgow Jan. 17 Terry July 19 Hedgesville July 26 Melstone Aug. 15 Miles City Aug. 3 Baker Aug. 3 Culbertson July 31 Nashua July 27 Harlem Aug. 17 Chinook Sept. 22 Ronan Aug. 20