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SeeNU AL REPORT

OF THE

TRUSTEES

OF THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY,

AT HARVARD COLLEGE, IN CAMBRIDGE:

TOGETHER WITH THE

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE MUSEUM,

1874.

BOSTON :

WRIGHT & POTTER, STATE -PRINTERS,

79 MILK STREET (CORNER OF FEDERAL),

1875,

Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 4 | |

Boston, March 5, 1875.

To the Honorable GEORGE B. Lorine, President of the Senate. é ta:

Sir :—The Trustees of the Museum of Comparative Zoblogy
have the honor to present to the Legislature the Report of the _ a
Committee on the Museum for the past year, marked [A]. Be

After the death of the Director of the Museum, Professor _
Agassiz, it was found expedient by the Trustees and by the |
President and Fellows of Harvard College, to alter the arti-
cles of agreement between the two corporations. A copy of |
_ the articles of agreement, as amended, and of those of the —
original articles which were rescinded by concurrent vote of
the two corporations, will be found in the paper marked [B]. — . :
_ The paper marked [C] contains a list of the present Trus-— om
tees, officers and committees. Bi

LA
>

Respectfully submitted for the Trustees,

MARTIN BRIMMER, Secretary.

- ae ~~ ed, aS TA & 4
REP Cw To ae eR ee Gr ts
EE ESET RE SCOR NAN Steer RT

4 ~—s COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. [Mar.

[ae
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OF THE TRUSTEES

ON THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY,

For THE YEAR 1874.

It has been found necessary, notwithstanding the generous
response of the friends of the Museum to the Agassiz Memo-
rial Fund, to curtail, for the present, very materially, the
operations of the Museum. It was with great regret that the
Curator found himself compelled, by circumstances beyond
his control, to dispense with the services of many valuable
assistants. The amount of work accomplished is, of course,
lessened in comparison, and the field of activity considerably
diminished, as will be seen by the accompanying special
reports of the assistants in charge of the different departments.
The volunteer work accomplished has been, as formerly, very
great, and the Museum is deeply indebted to Mr. L. F.
Pourtales, to Baron Osten-Sacken, and to Thomas G.
Cary for the supervisions they have taken of their depart- .
ments. Mr. Pourtales having been appointed by the Fac-
ulty of the Museum keeper of the collections, it is mainly due
to him and to the Superintendent, Mr. Cary, that the executive
details of the Museum have been carried on. Baron Osten-
Sacken, to whom the Museum owes the accession of an inval-
uable collection of diptera, has very generously increased the
scientific value of this collection by spending the greater part
of one year in identifying the materials already in the Museum
collection. This collection of diptera will be hereafter still
more valuable, as it will eventually include the whole collec-

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1875.) SENATE—No. 75. 5

tion of Dr. Loew, of Guben, which has now become the “34
property of the Museum, and contains the best collection of .
American diptera in existence. The biological collection of ie
insects has also been increased by the purchase of a very large “a
collection of Dr. Rosenhauer, of Erlangen. The late Mr.
-Crotch was engaged for a part of the past year on the collec-
tion of coleoptera; important accessions had been secured

from his Californian collections, but his death has deprived
the Museum of this material.

The alcoholic collections were never in as good a condition,

nor as accessible, as at the present moment. The storage in aa

copper cans, commenced three years ago, is now completed, Be
and, from experience, it is evident that nothing, in the end, a
will stand the test of time as well for the preservation of ee.
bulky alcoholic collections as copper cans with metallic screw ’ "4
tops. Thanks to the happy suggestion of D. F. Becker, a ion
very important progress has been made in ultimately securing ae

the safety of the insect biological collections kept in small
glass vials, to which reference is made in Dr. Hagen’s report.
Mr. Garman has very successfully adopted the card sys-
tem, in use in libraries, for the purpose of showing the geo-

graphical range, and the material on hand of each species. ee
These cards of species advantageously replace the faunal : a
and systematic sheets introduced by Professor Agassiz, Be
which, like all fixed sheets, were not capable of indefinite ig 23
expansion. ; Bes

The publications of the past year were limited to the issue a:
of Part IV. of the Revision of the Echini, by Alex. Agassiz, a
and the first part of the Scientific Results of the Hassler a
Expedition, by Messrs. Agassiz and Pourtales. Considerable
progress has also been made to the preparation of the plates oy
for a first part of the catalogue of the Agassiz Collection of a
Fishes, by Mr. Putnam. —-

‘The Museum has made provisions for the room needed by
the College for the instruction in zodlogy and geology. The

instruction in zoélogy has been for the past year in charge of & ba
Professor McCrady, assisted by Mr. Walter Faxon in the =
laboratory work. The advanced students have worked at oe

the Museum under Professor McCrady’s charge.
| The present term the instruction in geology has been

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~ COMPARATIVE
resumed by Professor Shaler, for whom a convenient work-
room and laboratory have been fitted up in the Museum. The
calls upon the Museum to furnish facilities for teaching, by
the college, both to undergraduates and special students,
have been very urgent, and show how far behind the require-
ments of the Professors the facilities at the disposal of the
Curator are, both in the way of room and of material, models,
diagrams and apparatus generally. The deficiencies for more
advanced students are still greater, and are especially marked
with the present reduced staff of the Museum assistants. It
is hoped, however, that by making use of the assistants, for
instruction in the different departments, that the difficulty
will be removed to a certain extent.

It was deemed advisable by the trustees of the Museum
and the corporation of the college, to simplify somewhat the
organization of the Museum. The office of Director was con-
sequently abolished, and the trustees are now represented in
the care of the Museum, and its property by the Museum
Committee. A copy of the amendments to the original arti-
cles of agreement is added to this Report. To Messrs.
N. Thayer and Geo. B. Emerson, the Museum is deeply
indebted for assistance, generously tendered in times of need.

For the Museum Committee,

ALEXANDER AGASSIZ.
THEODORE LYMAN.

CAMBRIDGE, January, 1875.

The details of the business of the Museum will be found
in the accompanying reports of the various departments. —

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P u a 1 aah es H ¥ 4 i -j i » . ¥ . ad a 7 4 k Te " +2) - *s ss way
1875.) SENATE—No. 75. 7

Report on the Mammals and Birds, by J. A. ALLEN.

Since the report of last year the large exhibition-room has
been finished, and the cases of the lower part filled with

mammals and birds, the collection embracing not only stuffed —

skins, but mounted skeletons and fossils, arranged together
in as nearly a systematic order as their size and the limitations
of the cases will allow. Much of this material has not before
been on exhibition. The stands of the specimens previously
on exhibition have been repainted, and the whole uniformly
labelled with neatly printed labels. The room proved much
too small for the material that had accumulated for exhibition,
and the floor cases in the north rooms of the older part of
the building have been used to temporarily shelter the
specimens that could not be arranged in the large room

from dust, and protect them from the attacks of insects,—

necessarily at the expense, however, of breaking in somewhat
upon the systematic arrangement of the collections.

In addition to the work on the exhibition collection, the.

bones of the recent mammalia have been wholly catalogued,
marked, labelled and systematically arranged, so that this
material is now not only readily accessible but safe for use,
as it has not been heretofore. While mixtures, and, to some
extent, loss of labels, have occurred from the frequent removals

to which the collection has been subject, it has in most cases —

been possible to repair these defects. This collection already
numbers nearly two thousand specimens, a large proportion
of which are skeletons. In the registering and marking of
this material, very great assistance has been kindly rendered
by Mr. Ed. A. Birge.

The additions during the year to either the mammals or

birds have been, for obvious reasons, much fewer than usual,

as shown by the subjoined schedules. Mr. Ward, of Roches-
ter, has returned a considerable number of pieces sent him in
former years, prepared with the usual skill and neatness that
characterize his work. ‘The collections received from the
Smithsonian Institution are the only ones worthy of special

mention, these consisting of the first dupli-series of the

North American Sciuride and Leporide, and nests and eggs

_ of North American birds. The former have special value as

ystwe cere 4. we as a we * 1 :
a > 8 2 s id - aby tae ne,

COMPARATIVE ZobLOGY.

being types from a recent critical revision of hele fants! -
Through the same institution we have also received a first
series of duplicates of the mammals and birds, collected by
the writer, on the Yellowstone Expedition of 1873, as per
previous agreement.

ADDITIONS TO THE DEPARTMENT OF MAMMALS.

By Donation.
Bacuetper, C. E. (Harvard, ’73), skeleton of Arctomys monaa,
from North Hampton, N. H. .
CarLeton, M. M., 10 skins, 2 species; 18 specimens, 6 species,
in alcohol, from Dpaee Northern India.
Garman, S. W., 1 Blarina brevicauda, from Cambridge.

Pa Prxe, Nicoxas, U. S. Consul, Mauritius, 3 teeth of a cetacean.
a Rawson, Gov. R. W., 1 Agouti, in alcohol, from the Barbadoes.

< ‘Y SanBorn, F. G., 1 Didelphys Rigas from Smoky Creek, Car-
ee. ter County, Ky.

ep YELLOWSTONE ExpepitTion of 1873 (through the Smithsonian

- Institution), 8 skins, 7 species, from Dakota and Montana.

By Exchange.

LinpEN, CHARLES, 22 specimens, 7 species, mostly in alcohol,
from Santarem, Brazil.

SmiTHsoNIAN InstiTuTION, 206 skins, about 40 species and varie-
ties, and 24 skulls, 20 species, of North American Sciuride ; 50
skins, 13 species and varieties, of North American Leporide.

Vienna Museum, 4 mounted skeletons and several skulls.

By Purchase.

2 skeletons and 7 skulls, 7 species, from Sweden.

ADDITIONS TO THE DEPARTMENT OF BIRDs.

By Donation.

Car_eton, M. M., 4 skins, 1 specimen in alcohol, a few eggs and
a. * young birds in alcohol, and 24 nests, from Umbala, Northern India.

Mount AvuBURN CEMETERY CORPORATION, 1 swan, in flesh.
aa PinHERO, Dr., 59 skins of humming-birds, 13 species, from Brazil.
YELLOWSTONE Expepition of 1873 (through Smithsonian Insti-
ops ; tution), 122 skins, 54 species, and several sets of nests and eggs.
a Jackson, Dr. J. B.S., preparation of sternum and trachea of

a7 . swan.

By Exchange.

Ln DEN, CHARLES, 3 young birds and eggs, in alcohol, from Rae
_ tarem, Brazil. ‘7,
a _ SwirHsonraN INsTITUTION, 63 nests, 58 species, 117 eggs, 50 spe- * 4
. ies. of North American birds; 4 skins of Leucosticte griseinucha,
_ from St. George’s Island, Alaska. in aan

s ViennA Museum, 1 mounted skeleton of Aguila. a

: By Purchase.
95 skins and 34 skulls, from Sweden.

| | Report on the Department of Conchology, by JOHN G.
ANTHONY.

, My last report, which was made in Fotiace Tate brought
_ the business of my department up to the close of last year,
and, consequently, leaves but the doings and changes of ten
: months to note at the present time. i
os, Since then the usual outline has been observed. The | &
Pease collection of shells, which at the close of the year had
_ only just come into our possession, and had been but partially
examined, and the species identified, has since demanded and —
received our almost undivided attention, and as we found it

absolutely necessary to couple with it the entire revision of
all our previous collection, has proved a long and most
x laborious undertaking. We have endeavored to do this in —
_ the most critical and thorough manner, sparing no pains to — :
_ make the revision as perfect as possible, and have the satisfac-
_ tion of believing that this has been so thoroughly done that
no further labor in this direction will be required for many —_
_ years. In all this work [ have had the benefit of the valuable wa
_ codperation of my assistant, Professor Hamlin, who has been
_ indefatigable in his efforts to aid me in every way possible.
- The mounting of specimens for the purpose of properly pre-
4 senting them to ihe view of visitors, and especially of students
a of this branch of natural history, has been steadily carried a
a on n during the year by my apa who is my only assistant aris, K

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which have from time to time been incorporated with those
previously on hand in order to introduce those from new
localities, or better specimens has rendered the requisite
mounting of these specimens a task of no small magnitude.

The collections which were mentioned in the last report as

having been prepared for the use of the normal schools in
the State, have since been forwarded to each school, and, we
trust, may be the means of extensive usefulness.
: Our exchanges during the present year have been about as
i numerous as usual, and having been mainly restricted to such
species as were really needed to increase our own collection,
have resulted in our receiving fewer duplicates than usual,
but still enough to keep up our stock for such purposes and
to furnish our large and increasing list of correspondents
with all that they require at our hands. We have received
from all sources, in this way, during the current year, 27 boxes
of shells, containing 1,477 species and 20,721 specimens ;
and among the specimens received have been some of rare
beauty and excellence.

Our generous and constant contributor, the late U. S.
consul at Mauritius, Hon. Nicolas Pike, has laid us under
special obligation this year, as in former ones, by his kindness
in sending valuable and interesting shells.

From Dr. Henry Dohrn we have to acknowledge several
favors, and although his contributions have not been so
numerous in specimens as many others, yet they have
embraced some of the rarest and most interesting species and
specimens we have ever received. Among these, we cannot

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a. omit mentioning a few which have been welcomed with
3 peculiar pleasure,—such species. as Helix Cambodiensis,
a Euptychia ceequivoca and Halia priamus are seldom seen any-
q where, and during fifty years which it has been my lot to
ee. study conchology, I have never found the last named in any
£ collection. ,

Es Mr. Geale, Mr. Owen, Governor Rawson, and other friends,
4 have proved not less mindful of us, and we cheerfully and
: cordially thank them for aiding so liberally in building up our
# collection. |

“3 Among the various objects which have received atten-
. tion during the present year, our catalogue has not been
4

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‘

108) SENATE—No. 75.

,

Rrpotion, mad I am happy to say that it is in a good state

of progress, about one-third of our species having been

critically reéxamined and carefully identified by all the means
in our possession, and arranged after an improved method
for registry in a book which has long been waiting for the
purpose. We still, however, need several books for the
proper identification of species, and hope that before another
year is completed we may rejoice in the possession of more
ample means of conchological identification.

During the year we have packed and sent away 32 boxes,
containing 3,890 species and 21,109 specimens. As evine-
ing our ability to furnish our correspondents with species
called for, 1 may mention that to one person we sent 900
species of terrestrial and marine shells alone, the recipient

having expressly excluded fluviatile species altogether, and’

also species from Europe, India or Australia, so that our

range of duplicates may fairly be set down as not less than

1,400 or 1,500 species.

Report on the Alcoholic Mollusca, by J. Henry Buaxke.

During the past year not much has been done with this
collection besides continuing the systematic arrangement,
keeping everything in a safe condition. Although the
arrangement for convenience, begun last year, is not fully
aaiplotod, the collection is evertneiaes in a condition easily
accessible.

Many of the specimens contained in jars with cork stoppers
were changed to glass-stoppered jars.

The many collections of mixed specimens which have re-

_ mained in this condition for a long time, have been assorted,

q with a few exceptions, and the species properly labelled.

Donations for the year are :—

Mr. Henry HEMPHILL, a collection from San Diego.
Dr. M. H. James, 306 species from Honolulu.
Mr. J. BAti, 17 specimens from Texas.
' Capt. P. C. Jounson, U. S. N., 150 specimens, California.

5 Dr. HENRY StanLey PirTKIn, U. S. N., 1 octopus, Honolulu, S. I.

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Te COMPARA ZOOLO! : :
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_ Mr. Caartes LInpeEn, 6 specimens, Breet bo SENS A eae
_ Anprrson ScHooL, specimens from Penikese Island. ©

Mr. S. L. Lanspuren, 25 specimens from La Paz, Newt col- 3
lected by Capt. W. Clark. |

Report on the Articulates, by Dr. H. A. Hacun.
The following material has been received :—

1. From Mr. S. H. Scupper, Acanthaclisis rai ase hitherto
the only specimen known to me.

2. From Mr. Henry L. Moopy, from HET Mass., living
Boreus. .

3. From Mr. H. J. Hupparp, a large lot of specimens for the
biological collection, raised by him, and arranged in two of the
Museum’s boxes.

4. From Mr. B. P. Mann, 12 species of Diptera.

5. From Mr. W. P. Austin, Diptera and Hymenoptera.

6. From Dr. H. A. Hacen, insects of all orders, from Andover,
Me.; from Manchester, Mass.; from West Eom, EIN Sse and
White Mountains.

7. -From Count Pourra.ezs, specimens for the biological collection.

8. From Mr. F. G. Sanporn, a ey large lot of insects of all
orders, from Kentucky.

9. From the Baron Osten-Sacken, a large number of insects.
from the Catskills, N. Y., and Alexandria, St. Lawrence River, and
‘from the White Mountains.

10. Duplicates of Neuroptera and Diptera, from the expedition |
- of Prof. Hayprn. in Colorada, Lieut. WHEELER, in OES, Dr.
Cougs, in Dakota.

~

The extensive biological collection bought from Prof. Ros-
enhauer, in Erlangen, was sent to Stettin, J ~ 27, but is not
yet arrived. |

Since my last report, Mr. Schwarz arranged the Lamelli- |
cornia, Buprestide and Elateride, and the Coleoptera from —
Cordova, Argentine Republic, and Mr. Hubbard other parts
of the Coleoptera. On the first of May both left the Museum. —
Baron Osten-Sacken has taken, as before, care of the Diptera, —
and delivered a separate report. Miss Clark worked the —
whole time in spreading butterflies and labelling insects. a

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SENATE—No. 5.

eI myself arranged the collection of European Henidettarts
e t hose of the United States, of the Himalaya and the general
as ~ collection of the Rhopalocera, filling 26 cabinets. By the
- new arrangement of the exhibition rooms the insect cabinets,
_ formerly Betioied in all of the rooms, are transferred to a
separate room. Ber.
__ The Neuroptera sent by the different United States expedi- oe
tions mentioned before, are determined, and the reports de-
_ Jivered to the parties, to be published. Unfortunately the ee.
insects were nearly all in a condition unfit for a scientific ne
collection. a
The second part of the Lepidoptera from Texas in the col-
lection, was published by Prof. Zeller. A large part of the —
Noctuide of the United States are identified and named by A.
R. Grote, from Buffalo, N. Y., and the California Phalenide i
_ by Mr. A. S. Packard. 2
Several lots of duplicates of Lepidoptera were sent in
exchange for North American species that were wanting in-
_ the collection.
Perhaps an interesting and important fact may be men-_
_ tioned here. The alcoholic vials of the biological collection
were a year ago all newly arranged with rubber stoppers, the
cork stoppers not doing well here owing to the great changes _
: of temperature. The whole collection is now perfectly safe.
_ The corking of the vials was made in a peculiar way, sug- —
)

gested by Mr. D. F. Becker. In putting the stopper in the — 2
_ vial a fine insect-pin is introduced (to be removed later),
allowing the air to escape, and preventing at the same time a
‘strong compression of the alcohol. Formerly the compres- -
sion of the alcohol was a principal cause for the want of safety
of the filled vials. “Ss
a A small test-vial, filled in this way a year ago, was kept 3
_ purposely the whole year in the sunshine; the length of an
_ air-bubble retained in the vial was measured carefully in
millimetres, and shows now about the same length as a year
7 ago. In summer the bubble was even much smaller, owing
to the greater expansion of the alcohol, proving at the same
_ time the close fitting of the stopper.

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14 COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. — [Mar.

Report on the present condition of the Collection of Diptera of
the Museum of Comparative Zoilogy, by C. R. OstEn-
SACKEN.

The collection consists of three groups: 1, North Amer-
ican diptera; 2, European diptera; 3, diptera which are
neither European nor North American, and which I will call
exotic. ;

TI. Collection of North American Diptera.—Under North
America, I understand the whole eontinent north of the
Isthmus of Panama. The large majority of the diptera of the
collection, however, are from the region north of Mexico and
east of the Rocky Mountains. The Californian diptera are
confined to a small number, sent by Mr. H. Edwards and Mr.
W. Holden, or brought home by Mr. A. Agassiz. The Mex-
ican diptera are represented by some forty species from my
collection ; the West Indian by the small collections made by
P. R. Ubler in Hayti, and by Mr. Ch. Wright in Cuba, and
also by specimens derived from my own collection.

The bulk of the scattered materials which I found in the
Museum, consisted of a considerable number of specimens
from Massachusetts, and principally from the immediate
vicinity of Boston, collected by Mr. Uhler, and also contrib-
uted by other parties ; collections from more distant localities
were obtained from Mr. S. H. Scudder (White Mountains
and British Possessions) ; 5. I. Smith (Norway, Maine) ; A.
S. Packard (Maine, Labrador); A. E. Verrill (Anticosti) ;

_ J. A. Allen (Iowa, Illinois) ; J. Boll (Texas); A. Agassiz

(Lake Superior). There were also some remains of the Mel-
sheimer and Ziegler collections.

In pursuance of my intention to present my collection of
diptera to the Museum, my work last winter consisted in
incorporating the above-described materials with my collec-
tion; in naming, as far as possible, the unnamed specimens ;
in labelling and classifying the whole, and putting up a gen-
eral collection in the cabinets reserved for that purpose. The
collection of North American diptera thus formed is now
arranged in three cabinets of eighteen drawers each. All the
families are classified, with the exception of the group Mus-
cide calyptere. The sum total of the named species is very

3 eee 65
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1875.) § § _ SENATE—No. 1%.

SA iver

Was 4s"

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SiC fe ee yen ar

nearly one thousand (the number of undetermined species

cannot be estimated with any degree of probability).

| For the sake of comparison, I will state that the total num-
ber of the described. species of diptera from North America,

~ Fe
north of Mexico, is about 2,500; the number of those from Be
Mexico, Central America and the West Indies is about 800. sae
It is important, at this place, to define exactly the degree of
reliance which can be placed in the determinations of the col- F .

lection. In this respect the thousand named species of the ae
Museum collection can be referred to the following four |
classes :—

1. In the course of my correspondence with Dr. Loew,
for many years, a considerable number of specimens were

returned by him to me with labels in his handwriting. Most ae
of such specimens are, therefore, if not the original types of =
his descriptions, at least may be called author’s types. All ~
labels of this description are preserved in the collection. a
2. A still more considerable class of specimens are num- %

bered duplicates, which I kept, while sending to Dr. Loew _ <a
the identical species, labelled with the same numbers. After
describing such species, Mr. Loew used to send me the name, |
with the number attached. Species thus named are almost :
as good as authors’ types, the rare but not impossible cases
excepted, where I may have been mistaken as to the identity
of the specimens sent with those retained under the same
number. This class of species,—there are some four hundred 3
of them,—generally represented by a number of well-preserved |
specimens, are a very valuable, perhaps the most valuable, | a
portion of the collection (especially in the difficult families 3 4
of Empide, Tachydromide, etc. ). aa
3. The original types of my own descriptions, embracing er
the whole family Tipulide brevipalpi and a small number of
other species (about 160 types in all). ie
4. Species identified by me from the existing descriptions. =
_ The credit which these identifications deserve depends, of &
course, on the merit of the descriptions and the difficulties =
inherent to the identified subject. | ag
It results from the foregoing statement that, for a consider-
_able majority of the named species, the standard of trust-
worthiness of the identification is a very high one.

— ah

~

During my work of last winkote I was uailed to cake the =

Ithaca, N. Y., and Dr. LeBaron, State Entomologist of Illi- ©
nois, sent me their collections for determination, and allowed
me, in return, to retain some of the rarer species. Likewise,
_ having prepared a report on the diptera from Colorado, col-
lected by Lieut. Carpenter (Hayden Expedition), and on
those from the Polaris Expedition, collected by Dr. Bessels, I
added to the Museum collection some valuable specimens, ©
derived from these sources. Other contributions received
were from Messrs. F. G. Sanborn (a number of very valuable
specimens from Massachusetts, and, latterly, from Kentucky),
W. P. Austin (Massachusetts), E. Burgess (id.), G. R.
Crotch (California and British Possessions west of the Rocky
Mountains), B. P. Mann (Tabanide from South Carolina),
C. E. Webster, Binghamton, N. Y. (metamorphosis of
Microdon trisbis and Trypeta solidaginis), E. Palmer. (Taba-
nide from Florida), the late Prof. J. Wyman (an apparently
new Chrysops from Florida) ; finally, the specimens taken by
me during my travels last summer, were also incorporated 1 in:
the Pillee Gon:

IT. Collections of Huropean Diptera.—They comprise :— -

1. Types of Genera, named by Messrs. Loew, Schiner and
Gerstaecker, the three European authorities on diptera. Dr.
Loew’s collection contains 355 genera, 707 species and more
than 1,000 specimens. Dr. Schiner’s, 180 species; Dr.
Gerstaecker’s, about 100 species. These types are of the
utmost importance to the future work on the North American
‘diptera, at the Museum. They are in excellent preservation.

2. The collection of European diptera acquired from Dr.
Imhoff, in Bale. The collection is not large, but contains.
rather numerous specimens of each species, which is an
advantage in the comparison of American with closely allied
European forms. It is in a very good state of preservation.

3. The collection of Swedish diptera, acquired from Mr.
Ljungh. It is not named, but rather rich in specimens, and
quite well preserved, considering its old date. |

The dipterous faunz, of Europe and North America, are so
much alike, and sepa, in some respects, so very different,

following additions to the collection :—Mr. Comstock, ‘from hi

y J A Ladies “s
; in ise rr a : + By
ry apublsta > r a iy ii x

SENATE—No. 15.

‘ that the study of the latter cannot be followed without a_
_ continual comparison with the former; hence the importance
4 of the European collection in the Museum.

i
:
;
‘
¥
'

IT], Collection of Exotic Diptera.—This collection is as yet
very small, and consists in specimens from the East Indies
(Rey. M. M. Carleton), from Japan (G. J. Gulick), Brazil
(Mrs. Munroe), Australia (H. Edwards).

’ Besides the collections already mentioned, the Museum
possesses a considerable number of diptera preserved in
alcohol. From want of time, I have not been able to examine

them in detail. They contain, among others, valuable collec-

tions from Zanzibar, by Mr. C. Cooke, and from Cordova, in
the Argentine Republic, by Mr. W. M. Davis. Unfortunately,
diptera preserved in alcohol are spoiled as specimens, and may
only occasionally contribute to the knowledge of the geo-
graphical distribution of the species. For the same reason,—
want of time,—lI have not put in order yet, the materials for

a biological collection of diptera which the Museum possesses.

Report on the Crustacea, by WALTER Faxon.

When I took charge of the Crustacea of the Museum, last
autumn, part of the alcoholic collection was packed in wooden
trays, so as to be hardly accessible. The remainder was in
kegs in the cellar, with no assortment beyond localities. The

_whole is now systematically arranged in the exhibition-room

assigned to it, the duplicates being safely stowed in copper
cans inthe cellar. The large collections made during the voy-
age of the “ Hassler ” have been sorted according to species, but
are kept apart from the general collection, for convenience,

until the species shall be determined.

The dry collection—among which are valuable types of
Dana and Le Conte—has also been overhauled and removed

’ from its perilous place in the attic to drawers in the articulate-

room.
In order to facilitate the study of the anatomy of the class,
I have made and placed on exhibition a series of preparations

we Dd Ee aot) PR RAED Arr SP ees ee

18 COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. [Mar.

of the hard parts of different genera, from spider-crabs down
to the horse-shoe. I was assisted in this work by Miss Cush-
ing and Mr. Birge. I intend to add to this series dissections
illustrating the internal organs. JI am now working upon the
fossil crustacea. A representative series will be put on exhi-
bition, and the whole collection, it is hoped, placed in a con-
dition of permanent safety.

Report on Selachians, Reptiles and Batrachians, by 8. W.
GARMAN.

Selachians.—The anatomical work laid out by Professor
Agassiz occupied the earlier portion of the year. Afterward
the entire collection received new alcohol, and much of it new
labels. To clear the room for the use of the college, the
anatomical preparations were removed to the room occupied
by the fishes ; about one-fourth of the sharks and skates were
placed on exhibition, and the balance, changed from the bar-
rels and kegs, were carried to the cellar. The number of
specimens identified and catalogued during the year was about

- five hundred. This collection fills two large tanks and thirty-

nine of the larger-sized copper cans, besides a great number
of jars; it is in good condition.

fteptiles.—The reptiles have been sorted, catalogued, pro-
vided with fresh alcohol and placed in copper. The space
allotted to the reptilia, in the exhibition-rooms, has been
filled. In addition to the regular Museum catalogue, a second
has been made on ecards, similar to those in use in the libraries,
for the identified specimens of each of the selachians, reptiles
and batrachians, by means of which the geographical distri-
bution, the genera of the family or species of the genus rep-
resented in the collection, the whole number of specimens
and the position in the Museum can be readily ascertained.

Donations have been received from Col. Beddome, Rev.
M. M. Carleton, Prof. Heller, Prof. Shaler, Mr. Whorf and
others.

About thirty-three hundred articles were catalogued ; with
few exceptions, in good order. |

Batrachians.—More than three thousand have been cata-

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Piers] 1 | SENATE—No. 75. ‘1 a
4 logued. It has taken much time and no little labor to attach a
numbers or labels to each of the majority of examples in these ee.

ay collections ; but by so doing time will be saved, confusion
avoided, and the value of the representations increased here-
after. Batrachians and reptiles together occupy forty-three

of the larger cans, twenty-nine of the smaller, and a very oe
large Faber of jars. Meee
The alcohol was changed ; as catalogued, the specimens were ;
removed from the jars to the cans; by far the greater portion

in excellent condition. } i
There is much material for exchanges. a

| ‘4

Be:

Report on the Fishes, by Ricuarp Buss, Jr. | | ‘a

. o . . “eo
During the present year all the specimens in glass jars, E>
Fs)

with the exception of those needed for immediate work, have —
been removed from the cellar, workroom and old exhibition-
rooms to the storeroom in the second story, where they have
been arranged by families, as far as possible, on temporary —
shelves. . |

An examination of the specimens placed in copper cans a a
year ago, gives the most gratifying results, as by this method Be.
the loss of alcohol from evaporation is entirely prevented. ‘a
~ One of the cases in the gallery of the large exhibition-room Ae

has been filled with specimens pertaining to the systematic ee.
collection. As soon as possible, the other cases in the gallery
will be occupied by the fossil, faunal and the rest of the sys- Pe
tematic collections. | | .

The work of identifying and cataloguing the large collec- e
tion of Mauritian fishes is nearly completed. This collection Bae.
now embraces upwards of two hundred and seventy-five spe-
-cies in alcohol, and many stuffed skins.

Dr. Klunzinger’s collection, embracing one hundred and
sixty species from the Red Sea, has been catalogued and
prepared for exhibition.

The following additions have been made to this depart-
ment during the year :—

;
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- COMPARATIVE 2001 oy.

By Donation.

Pree, Hon. Nicoras, 50 species, 150 specimens, from the qi

tius.
Car eTon, Rev. M. M., a collection from the Jumna Basin, and

another from near the Thur Desert, Northern India.
Pirxry, Dr. H. S., a collection from Panama.
Jones, Dr. W. H., a collection from Honolulu, S. I.
Wuerry, Rey. E. M., through Mr. Carleton, a collection from
Loodianah, India.
Baxzcocg, A. L., 9 species, 12 specimens, from British Guiana,
S. A. |
Sanporn, F. G., a collection from Carter County, Ky.
Epwarps, H., 1 Pomacentrus rectifrenum, from Mazatlan,
Mexico.
Mourvocgu, J., 1 Micropterus nigricans, from Plymouth, Mass.
Asx, C. E., 1 Monacanthus cuspicauda, from Newport, R. I. |
Garman, S. W., 1 Monacanthus cuspicauda, from Gay Head,
Mass.
By Exchange.
- Hewter, Prof., Innsbruck, a collection from the Adriatic Sea.

_ Report on Radiata, by L. F. Pourtarzs.

During the past year, the Corals in the exhibition-room
destined to the Radiates, were arranged so as to present a
systematic collection, comprising both fossil and living rep-
resentatives. It has required considerable labor in selecting
the specimens from the large store of duplicates, mounting
them (slate tablets have been used with advantage for the
purpose), revising their names or determining those which

were new to the collection, and arranging them to the best

advantage in the cases. At the end of the year, all but the
Rugosa and Milleporide had been thus arranged, occupying
more than three sides of the lower part of the room. Al-
though the families having the closest affinities have been
kept together as much as possible, a slight departure from

ae ee ee

the general plan has been, in some cases, unavoidable, on

account of the necessity of exhibiting families of which the
representatives are mostly small and delicate, in a better light

than is necessary for those of large size. It is proposed to —

;

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"RioeN RL NOE BLL O's

Piao Gitimately explanatory notices in the room as a guide to
- students. The duplicates have been partly sorted ; a liberal
portion.of those too unsightly for exhibition or exchange,
have been set apart for use in the department of instruction.

_ Sets representing the principal families have been distributed

to the normal schools of the State, to be used in connection
with similar sets from the other departments of the Museum,
in illustrating the lectures on natural history.

In this oe I have been greatly assisted by Miss Hyde,
who has mounted and arranged a large number of specimens,

and made a card catalogue of those on exhibition.

The systematic collection of Ophiuride and Astrophytide

has been mounted and placed on exhibition under the direc-

tion of Mr. Lyman, who has also prepared, for publication in
the Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum, the species of these
families brought home by the Hassler Expedition. This
number of the catalogue will contain five -plates, besides ng:
ures printed in the text.

The other alcoholic Echinoderms, with the exception of the
Crinoid, have been placed in the gallery of the coral-room
by Mr. Birge, under the direction of Prof. McCrady. The
living pedunculated Crinoide I have prepared for exhibition.
The fine specimens received from Gov. Rawson, of Barba-
does, form a marked feature of this set.

_ The accessions to the collection of corals have not been

very large during the year; a few interesting ones were

received from Mr. Arango, of Havana, and some fine. speci-
mens of Floridian forms, new or imperfectly represented in
our collections, purchased from Dr. Palmer.

The collection of Alcyonarians remains still in the hands of

Dr. Kolliker, of Wurtzburg, for determination.

paeaie

ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT

BETWEEN THE TRUSTEES OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
AND THE PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF :' HARVARD COLLEGE, AS
AMENDED BY CONCURRENT VOTE OF THE TRUSTEES, JANUARY 28,
1874, AND OF THE PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS, JANUARY 30, 1874.

1. Each corporation shall retain and manage the funds now
held, or which may hereafter be held by it, according to the
trusts on which the same have been or may be given.

2. The property in the Museum, land, buildings, furniture

and collections, present and future, shall be vested in said

Trustees, in trust, to hold the same for the uses declared by

_ these Articles of Agreement, and for such uses as may here-

after be declared, as hereinafter provided.
3. Each corporation shall retain the power to appropriate

from the funds under its control such sums as it may deem

expedient.

4. The duty and power of erecting buildings from funds
appropriated and set apart for that purpose, and of adding to
aud extending the same hereafter, as funds shall be appropri-
ated for that purpose, upon plans which shali render such
buildings part of a complete and harmonious whole; and the
duty of taking care of said buildings, and causing them to be
kept in repair, shall devolve upon and vest in said Trustees.

5. The Committee of the Trustees on the Museum shall,
by inspections from time to time, and by communications with
the Faculty, assure themselves that duplicate specimens are
distributed, by exchange or otherwise, among ‘other colleges
and institutions of learning, in this Commonwealth and else-
where, so far as may be done consistently with the interests
of the institution ; that the Museum belonging to said Trustees

shall, at all reasonable times, and sider me regula-'

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. A ra 4 x bp sy

‘1875.] - SENATE—No. 75.

& Bois. be kept open to the public free at charge; and that the
buildings, collections and: grounds, are properly maintained. Va
4 6. The Professor of Zoilogy and Geology, in the Lawrence x
Scientific School of Harvard University, shall be entitled to
give instruction in the Museum of Comparative Zodélogy, and
shall have access to the collections for purposes of investiga-
tion, with such rights and privileges as the Faculty of the
Museum may deiatne ; and other professors or teachers, of —
Harvard University, may be licensed by said Faculty to give ‘
instruction at the Museum, with similar rights and privileges.
* 7. The Faculty of the Museum shall nominate one of its .
members to the Corporation of Harvard College, to be
Curator of the Museum, and, if confirmed by the Corporation,
such person shall become Curator; if rejected, new nomina-
- tions shall be made by the Faculty to the Corporation. It
shall be the duty of such Curator, under the direction and wa
control of the Faculty of the Museum aforesaid, when funds ci
shall have been appropriated and placed at the disposal of the
said Faculty by either of the Corporations for the purpose,
to make purchases of such articles as shall be necessary and a
suitable for the increase of said Museum in any of its —
departments, and to direct all necessary expenses for the
transportation and other charges incident to their acquisition, a

and all necessary expenses.for vessels and materials incident =
to the preservation and exhibition of such articles, and to we
have the entire charge and control of the classification and 2: N
. scientific arrangement of them. i
8. Whenever it shall become necessary to employ any .

assistant or assistants to the Curator aforesaid, for the prepa-
ration, arrangement, classification, or scientific or educational
use of the collections in the Museum, and any funds for the _
‘compensation of such assistants shall have been appropriated a
by either corporation, and placed at the disposal of the Faculty : t

2
%

of the Museum for that purpose, such assistants shall be a
appointed _and employed by the Faculty, or under their ia
direction, in such manner as they shall prescribe. ee Bs

9. It shall be the duty of the Curator, under the control 4
and direction of the Faculty of the Museum, to fix suitable =

times, and also suitable places within the Museum, for per-
sons duly authorized to give lectures and instruction therein.

4 €" a
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COMPARATIVE ZO6LO

be permitted to make any private collection, or to trade in
specimens of natural history, except for the Museum.
11. These rules and regulations, mutually agreed on and

_adopted by the parties, shall not be repealed or altered, except

by a formal agreement between the parties, or by a concur-
rent vote, passed by each corporation, specifying such repeal

or alteration, and entered upon the records of both said

corporations.

.

The original articles repealed or altered by concurrent vote
of the two corporations are :—

- 5. The Director of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, an
officer appointed or to be appointed by said Trustees, shall make
arrangements, under the supervision of the Faculty aforesaid, for
the reception of visitors either upon special or general invitation,

and of the public at large, at suitable times and under suitable reg-

ulations, to visit and examine the Museum; and such arrangements
shall be made with a view to secure to the public the freest enjoy-
ment of and access to the Museum consistent with its use for scien-
tific and educational purposes.

6. The Lawrence Professor of Zoology in the Scientific School of
Harvard University, or the officer charged with the instruction in
that department of science for the time being, shall be the Curator
and scientific head of the Museum, subject to the control and regu-
lation of the Faculty of the Museum herein before mentioned, in
whom the power to determine the use of the Museum for scientific
and educational purposes, either by general regulations or by specific
orders, is ultimately vested; and the compensation paid to such
Curator as Professor in the Lawrence Scientific School shall be
regarded as full compensation for instructions given and services
rendered in the Museum, until further provision is made therefor. —

7. It shall be the duty of such Curator, under the like direction
and control of the Faculty of the Museum aforesaid, when funds
shall have been appropriated and placed at the disposal of the said
Faculty by either of the corporations for the purpose, to make pur-
chases of such articles as shall be necessary and suitable for the
increase of said Museum in any of its departments, and to direct ©
all necessary expenses for the transportation and other charges
incident to their acquisition, and all necessary expenses for vessels
and materials incident to the preservation and exhibition of such

les, and to fae the entire charge and control of the clatebiens
tion and scientific arrangement of them.
> 9. It shall be the duty of the Curator, under the direction and
: ae of the Faculty of the Museum, to fix suitable times, and also
’ % - suitable places within the Museum, to give lectures and instruction —
to regular classes of students under his care, to classes of teachers _ Ba
- oft the public schools, and to classes of pupils in the Normal Schools
aan the Commonwealth, and to such special classes of students and
Betton desirous of availing themselves of his instructions and of
_ the advantages of the Museum, as he may receive or invite for those 4
_ purposes. le.
11. Whenever the office of Director of the Museum established
by the Trustees, and that of Curator of the Muséum as herein before _
defined, shall be held by different persons, the Faculty of the Museum
shall, subject to these articles and such other articles as may be
adopted by both corporations as hereinafter provided, define the
relative duties of the incumbents, and superintend their execution.

~

PG.

TRUSTEES OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE 200L06Y,,
1875.

THE GOVERNOR OF THE COMMONWEALTH,
WILLIAM GASTON.

THE LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR, ~
HORATIO G. KNIGHT.

THE PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE, F
GEORGE B. LORING.

THE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE,
JOHN E. SANFORD.

THE SECRETARY OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION,
JOSEPH WHITE.

‘Tuer CHIEr Justice oF THE SUPREME JUDICIAL Court,
HORACE GRAY.

THEODORE LYMAN. ALEXANDER AGASSIZ.

NATHANIEL THAYER.
MARTIN BRIMMER.

QUINCY A. SHAW.
LOUIS F. POURTALES.

OFFICERS OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY,
1875. :

His Excellency WILLIAM Gaston, Governor of the SORE AGS cen President.
. THEODORE LYMAN, Treasurer. mt
Martin BrIMMER, Secretary.
JOSEPH WHITE, NATHANIEL THAYER, Committee on Finance.
ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, THEODORE LyMAN, QuINCY A. SHAW, - Lape F, Pot UE
TALES, Committee on the Museum. bs

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