thy - ma. ee) ese Meet stent < Short Rane anegmargeo anne 1S See OD ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOR THE RO FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 19092. REPORT. OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, OD) OVD. — (Pig Whe OS eee a 1 iy Meped PAPE OR Eee) eae LIBRARY NEW YORK BOTANICAT GARDEN COMIN TS" Page. Repogiwolsthep secre tanyseren XL The proposed Appalachian forest reserve.:i52.-.-:----=----------: XLI BureauowSoils ess. ese So seeeee eee Ais sw eae Sees sees cEERee eee XLII Cooperation with State institutions -<=- - =. =e -2 soe -- meena ee XLUI Progress:and ‘cost:of the soilsurvey ==. . -22--s2ss225-=45242-see eee XLIII The:field forceis iy os2 ss geen es ee ae eee eee ee eee XLVI Relation of the soil survey work to the experiment stations ----- XLVI Past and proposed work of the Bureau of Soils .-..--.---------- XLIX Alabamai = 2.222 5.85-5acSsncesc sea ales oe sees ee oe nee GUE Arizona) 2325722222) 52 eae s ae PS eee eee foe AX Arkansas'2 22223 22 eek Soeas See oe ee oe ee eee L Califomias 22 tse 0 2c see ee Reece Se eee L Coloradom.osce2 2 Se Se a ee eee LIL Connectictth... 220.302 25S = eee LIE Delaware s 222525220. a. 2 Ses Pe es eae LUI Bloridac= : sStasc ss sss see eae ee ee eee LUI Ge@orgias-. 2222852 ot esse Sete ce eo eee ee eee ae LIII Flawallts 25) 5 22552 SSkS Soe oe ees seen eee erent eran LUI Idaho: 2 =< 2528 22.ss2.52 SoS SR eee Se ae aoe etree = LIV TWinois <2 533.652 Sees See eee et oe a Se Se LIV Indiana; zis nets se aes See hs et ee eee LY TOW: 2.2 38552 so 255 ses eh esc Stee Soe ee ec ease oeeae LV Keansasi...2-55.255 2: occ See acme e See eee eee ees LV Kentuckyjecsccs2 232 ce euaiaeten Sees c eee ee eee ene aie LVI ILouisIanas,o352 222 3s = See ee ee so ee LVI Maryland: . pico so oe ee Se See eee ee LVI Massachusetts: +.5225sc52ttccne seo nee eee See ee LYII Michigan... ¢sos222 ce 422 2220S FS eee Bh Uae LVII Minnesotalzsss2:es <2 Ss2meil st seen Sl sence nee LVII Mississippi: 2 5252 -22h.- k=. bsen eee. eee eee LVUI MISSOURI. 3202255 Ssoc os 2255) so oe eee eee LVIII Montana’. 222254522822 ee ee ee eee on meres LIX Nebraska: 222 225252 S223 eS ee oe ee LIX New Jersey < <2 ae2s¥2 2-38 52 a A a eer LIX New York «<2. 22a 5 os 262 See See: Peete Ee es LX North’ Carolinas. 525. 3222 22S ee ee ee eee ene 1p North Balko ter eee cc eee eee ae a eta ey Ok gl LXI Ohions 222.22 sn5s25 hos teas Pe cee eS ee LXII Oregons: <25552552: Be ee poe oie eee een eee LXII Pennsylvania s! 0 tee cee ere ee ee Pe eee ae epee LXII PortowRicd so: Sete see ea a Oe ee LXII South Carolinas: 22252254224: 522536 -6-5e ee eee LXIII South Dakota <-+:<2i2. 222422 bo eee ee See LXIIT Tennessee. Sasses ve tsscces Tose AL Se oe o eee eee one LXIII Texas $5222 2sis. 522582584 2 US ees ee eee eee LXIII Utalyeys sist cesses 2228s ees 2 = es ee ee LXIV Vermont: 22s $52 soc Sar ee See LEIV Wirginia 22.2 si 23< obsess Waa a See ee LXIV Washington=: S282 5s222 3522 Se ee ee LXV Wisconsin: : 2.42. 2k 2a set eee Se, eee LXV Wyoming: << .o5s ./.25 ee on oe ae ee ee eee LXV Estimated cost of proposed soil survey work.--......-----..---- LXV Publication! of the reportiand! maps=ssss= 4s eee a. see ee eee LXVI Needed legislation for insular surveys: -----.--------------+-------- LXVII Investigations in soil management ---.2-. 2.22.22 222.is.s-25------ LXVII CONTENTS. Vv Report of the Secretary—Continued. Bureau of Soils—Continued. Page. MobaccoumVvesu CatlOns aap se ase See Es aoe ae ae LXx Sumatra tobacco in localities other than Connecticut.....--.---- LXXIV Investigations in the filler tobacco districts..........--..------- LXXV Conterence oistobaccorexperts= 92 == saceem eae aes. a oe LXXV DalariesiOL LObacco CX Penis ee meee eee ee ho a eae See LXXV Extension of the tobacco investigations .......----...---.------ LXXVI Drainace wines tl Oa ONse ss ears = ae eS ees en, pee ess = LXXVII Rimrea oly Chemis tnye ses scare on oe ee aie ae ee es eh A ao LXXVIII Bxamination ot imported food!) products=---2- ss5s24e--26 sse4-4s-— LXXVIII nVverbigdions.Of forest Progucis = 25.25 452 «Sod a Aes Sua sete LXXVIII Paberatory tests of road:materials ait: 5235-24 n68 eS. 5-282 LXXVIII investigations in the sugar laboratory ...--2..2.--+--52 22 ssee02 22 += LXXIX Specs OlaINSCCLICI OS. 4. = quite Seen tye ark Oe Seer Sa eee 2 a LXXIX Study of environment of chemical composition of cereals -.....----- LXXIX SuIcliyOtwaters Used inairhicatiOnM =. 9 eee ea ee se eee LXXIX Establishment of new laboratories ....-..--+------=--=------=-<+-+ LXXIX NWiorksrormotherdepartments a. s=-e2 soso eta ea ro oe ce cee et oe LXXX Divisioneorebmtom OlOg yea oe eee = ot a re omnes So aby i Sa es So LXxX Works omimsectssirom) abroad ss acne see ees eas eee SS ee LXXX The San Jose scale and its Asiatic ladybird enemy .-----.-.------- LXXX Importations of other beneficial insects. .....-----.------------ LXXXI The South African grasshopper fungus .-..--.-.----------=----- ee UE XEXERUL Mrewhoviertilyzine- insect: = =k. a ee eye NN ee aie Pon oh er are LXXXUI Work on the Mexican cotton boll weevil........---..------------ LXXXIV Work on the codling moth in the Northwest... -- Pees eee eee ae LXXXV Wiorksoneimsects(damacino forests s=s)seere see eee se a ee LXXXV Wionkgoniscal Gimsectseiss sas =26 Sar pe tian HS Sn = clan a5 oe ess LXXXVI Insectadini mous) toisbade trees. 4-=-ss.- 2-5 24-22 4. ce Se Saas LXXXVII ImsecissmytTlOus COLUtUCk ClOps == see o-oo he = ae eee eee eee LXXXVII Work on insects injurious to stored products. .-..-----.---------- LXXXVII Work on insects in their direct relation to the health of man -.--- LXXXVII Unclassified work on injurious insects -...-.-.--..--:2------------ LXXXVIII insectidetermin ation cpa et sacs 52 eee ot ha Bee Looe ae LXXXVII Experimental work with insecticides -....-.--..---------------- LXXXVIII Silken este abionsers see > ene A aN sen ee Rr en aR Oa 1W2O.O.G0< FAICUGUTAL WAV CALI OAWMONS 2 eens a aca) ae = ek Scnee ele een LXXXIX Divtstonsole lO LOPtGalasUTVe yore een eee ae See ee een ame te nee x ISTO] Oot Cale S Unive Varroa eee en eerie ae eh coe xc ph ey praRICtd OOUSCOURGE NE = Rae += = Sees een a eae aoe XCI SEchoneomecOnoOulieornl Gols yee oe ee ee eee oe KCI Section of game protection and preservation.........--------------- Kc Divi SOnVOlesbabisnl Clee eee ee eye el cae MOE ee eek oo nee XCII Ofmiekombxperinent Stallonse-s ea o= = 2 oan een ee ees See se ane XCIIL Developmentiof the work of the Ofice:.:5---=2-22-.-------5------- XCUI iRroeress of the experiment stations! 2-2. 222-522-522 2.s-cese5c2 5255 XCIV Cooperation of the stations with the Department --.------.----.---- XCVII Graduate schoolotacnicultureser. 2425-525. =) 2 ae eae soe ee ee XCVIII limproyementofruralischoolsiyensee ees 2 = soe eee cee ne sees XCIX Rheyacricultunaleeollevestesacce nae ke heme aes se sea so cass c Secondary and elementary schools of agriculture -..-.-----.-------- CI Nan CTS atnis Gb CeSpeeenne iee en ENSe . Ssaia Sars cil Lxpenment stations iy Alaskaes 5.6) 55.22 Sass 8 sees se ese as cul Pa Wallkex periment statlolieern= a 956 a8 ss sce aes eee sees eee CIV orto Ricoexpenimentistatione= =) osc scene ee Se eee eee sees eee nooe CVI Nutri onbinvestioatl Onde seeeses tense nee naa aoe Se eek aie CVII rR eALCnEIMV eS tion flO Spee se wok Rs Se eae cIx herdistubutionrandusejiol watenee so = ss see ee ese ene= cx IDrainace sunny eysrm- ee eees oue nee el oe See ee Ree ee eee Cx Sidiesiolarnieatonlaws!saas2 5-2-4526 Sosa oe CS ste Se ge CXI Itgnivationsinetheshumidustatessss =. se- = sa asee ens ose tose CXII etic Mimaneneinecring@n aoe iho heck. 22. cee cacetdsdes tee CX INEGedyoteadequatewund guests an are Rey cee See ahaa eek ehosee CXV PHiniGne ei POLcioie Markets seer 2 te irae So 8 iio Soc oe ces = CXV WALL CONTENTS. Report of the Secretary—Continued. Division of Foreign Markets—Continued. Page. Aonicultural-exportsin 1907"... 22'.-.2l= <2). 28. 5 eee CXV ‘Tradean forestry products: 29-22 22s Ss ee rene CXVI Trade withsland possessions. 2 slo. Shee 22 ss 2 ee ee eee CXVI Oiicetorseublicikoademaquinies sees eee ee. ene eee CXVII Cooperation in object-lesson road work.....-..--------------------- CXVII Specwibasents!.<- cA 2. SS ee oe ae ee eee CXIX publications 2255255." eels. 585 nsec cee eke See ee eee CXIX Bxtentof publication swork =. 25. ---eec sce eee ee CXIX Rarmers” Bulletins: 3002 Pole e See sees ee eee eee CXx Grrowitihsmsthe jp wily Li arto rag wy, x: ke CXxx Costiolithe Department printing) sees ss eee ee ee ee CXX pe MENTAL Y see Sc ee Wave a ch ae BS OC Sa Se nS eee ee (edi IA GCOSSIONS N22 RES) 5 cae Soe oe Se eee ote ee ae ee ee CXXI mechmicall: Wonks 22! Sesame sae eae ete ee ee CXXII iBstamates;and appropriations: 2 s= = 522 22 MOese ee eee eee ee ee CXXII OfticeloitherAppomtment) Clerkysa-— -seeee eee CXXIII Hx POSMLON WORK ee 5. 2 tec ee et ee CXXIII Maonitude of agricultural industry: 222. Se ee eee CXXIII Wepactmentalireports fe 3s ceo SN ee ee eee il Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau: 2:-.---.---...----2--------- 3 Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry -_-....--.....---- 25 Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Plant Industry --......--..-------- 47 heportorthe Forester < . 2. 2. .de wt ere ee Re ee 109 Report of the! Chemistins 4252 te Se ee ee ee eee 137 ReportoLthe Chielot thesBureau om Soils =s-see ee ae eee 155 Report ol the Aching Entomolopist . 6225 26a2 ee eee tae e ee 2 eee 189 Report of the Chief of the Division of Biological Survey....----.-.------ 209 Report of the Chief of the Division of Accounts and Disbursements - - - -- - 219 Report.of the -bibrarian2 325: — 22 sae et en ee eee See eye 235 Report of the Director of the Office of Experiment Stations ...........-. 24] Report of the Director of the Office of Public Road Inquiries........---- 305 Reportoi the Editor, Division of Publications!.2--2- #5.5-2-2 2225-25 -=-- 317 Report of the Chief of the Section of Foreign Markets. .............-.--- 377 Reportor the Appomtment/Clerk.2 225022. 2 See Se ee 383 Reportiol the Statistician. 22ecqac eee he cee eee eee Pee tO eyAB Qing a SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. PHOS RSE - F eee Oe? OF THE SHC Pak, OW.AGRICULTURE. To THE PRESIDENT: The educational work of the Department of Agriculture has grown in effectiveness since my last Annual Report. The opportunities offered to young men to fit themselves for special lines of experi- mental work under the immediate care of our most experienced scien- tists are being sought by greater numbers every year. The influence of the Department is extending through cooperation with the scientists of the experiment stations of the several States and Territories and the isles of the sea under our flag. The demands of these institutions for trained men to conduct research into so many fields of inquiry and of private individuals and companies for the best organizing and supervising ability to manage agricultural enterprises encourage students to prepare for doing this work. The teaching of the science of agriculture and the sciences related to it is receiving more attention in the colleges instituted for this pur- pose, many of which in the past have neglected their full duty in this regard. Research by the Department officials into the principles governing the growth of plants and the creation of new species by hybridizing to give varieties from which to select for new purposes has brought gratifying results. We have new fruits and grains of numerous kinds adapted to localities that have been needing them for many years. We are helping people in many localities to an intelligent knowl- edge of their soils and of the most profitable uses to which they may be devoted. Results are showing the value of this service. The best sugar lands, rice lands, tobacco lands, truck lands, and lands _ best adapted to particular fruits, grains, grasses, legumes, and other crops are being discovered as certainly as any other unknown thing is brought to human knowledge for the first time. Few of the plants of most value to our people are native to the United States. They are products of other countries and have been useful in their localities for long periods of time. Our various soils xX REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. and climates are adapted to many things that have not yet been intro- duced to them. Department explorers are searching the Old World for whatever is valuable there and useful here, with results that are quite encouraging. Our aims are to help toward the production in the States and Territories of everything their soils and climates will permit, and to help our new island possessions to grow whatever prod- ucts require tropical conditions. Our growing commerce is accompanied with danger from invasion of animal and plant diseases and parasites calling for vigilance on the part of Department scientists to keep them out and to deal with them when they cross our borders, as they occasionally do. My last Report showed that the Department was paying $12,600 a year for rent of buildings. It is now paying $21,700, and the amount will increase as the work increases. It would be good business policy to adopt a plan of building adequate to the future needs of the Depart- ment, and to authorize the erection of so much of it as would provide for the offices that are now housed in the city wherever room can be had. The sum necessary to provide the rent, at Government rates of interest, would be ample to begin with; besides none of the buildings now in use are fireproof, and we have materials that have accumu- lated in our laboratories, in addition to a unique library, that could not be replaced if destroyed by fire. WEATHER BUREAU. ForecAst WARNINGS. The past year affords gratifying evidence of the value of forecast warnings of the Weather Bureau in saving lifeand property. People of other nations express appreciation of our Atlantic weather forecasts. The universal appreciation of this service in giving ample warning of the approach of severe storms or hurricanes or of killing frosts is highly gratifying and affords ample testimony of the assertion I have made on previous occasions that the value of property saved from loss repays to the country many times over the cost of maintaining the Bureau. Substantial increase was made in the distribution of daily forecasts through the rural free delivery, although efforts in this direction were circumscribed for want of funds for the purchase of necessary supplies. On August 1, 1902, there were in operation about 10,000 rural free- delivery routes, serving approximately 1,000,000 families. For the reason stated, only 105,000 families, served by about 1,000 routes, could be furnished with the forecasts of the Bureau. According to the estimates of the Post-Office Department, there will be in operation July 1, 1903, 15,000 routes, serving approximately 1,500,000 families, representing a population of over 7,500,000 people. The distribution REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. XI of the daily forecasts of the Bureau should be made coextensive with the rural free delivery. This could be done on the basis of the Post- Office estimates for July 1, 1903, at a cost of about $100,000. WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. The experiments in space, or wireless, telegraphy were begun Jan- uary 1, 1900, under the direction of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, and were continued during the past year. While much valuable infor- mation has been secured and a fairly satisfactory experimental system has been devised, I am not able to report such progress in the investi- gation as would justify the Department in dispensing with its coast telegraph lines or with the cables that connect certain islands with the mainland. Storm WarNING EQUIPMENT. As far as funds would permit, the work of extending the equipment of steel towers and high-power lanterns of improved type at important storm warning stations was pushed energetically during the year by the instrument division. In all, 54 towers were distributed to storm warning stations. The funds available were too limited to permit of the purchase of high-power lanterns and other accessories required by the towers. Moreover, the first six months of the past year have been necessarily consumed in the manufacture, shipment, and installation of the towers. The matter of lanterns and accessories will therefore have to be sup- plied this year, and while provision for them has already been made, the storm-warning fund will permit of no considerable extension of the work, and we must of necessity confine ourselves to finishing up the work left over from last year. There are now 109 storm-warning and 9 special stations at which the steel towers have been installed. Of these, 48 need lanterns, and they will be issued as soon as delivered by the contractors. Under the special appropriation by Congress for the purchase of sites and the erection of buildings for the use of the Weather Bureau at certain stations, buildings were erected at the following places, at a total cost of $23,932.53, namely: Atlantic City, N. J.; Hatteras, N. C.; Fort Canby (North Head), Wash.; Port Crescent, Wash.; Tatoosh Island, Wash., and Point Reyes, Cal. Under this appropriation, also, buildings were repaired and improved and supplies provided, at a cost of $17,279.03, at the following places: Bismarck, N. Dak.; Jupiter, Fla. ; Kittyhawk, N. C., and Cape Henry, Virginia. The buildings at Port Crescent, Wash., and Jupiter, Fla., are still in course of construction, but will be completed within a few months. In view of the approval of this policy and of the economy to the Government of owning its own buildings, I recommended an additional appropriation of $50,000, which XII REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. was duly granted by Congress, for the purchase of sites and the erec- tion of not less than six buildings during the current fiscal year. The places selected for these new buildings are Yellowstone Park, Wyo.,; Amarillo, Tex.; Modena, Utah; Key West, Fla.; Sand Key, Fla., and South Farallone Island, California. Owing to the difficulty in pro- viding sites for the buildings at Amarillo and Modena, it will hardly be practicable to erect buildings there before next spring. The crop service of the Bureau will be dealt with in a special report called for by Congress. BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. INSPECTION SERVICE FOR Export ANIMALS. The act of Congress of August 30, 1890, provided for the inspection by the Bureau of Animal Industry of meats for exportation, and this was supplemented on March 3, 1891, by an act providing ‘‘ for the inspection of live cattle, hogs, and the carcasses and products thereof which are the subjects of interstate commerce, and for other purposes.” This law was amended by an act which took effect July 1, 1902, pro- viding for the inspection of dairy products for export. Under these laws important service to the live-stock industry has been performed. The total number of ante-mortem inspections was 59,158,648, being an increase over the previous year of 2,789,338. The cost of these inspections was 1.08 cents each. The number of post-mortem inspec- tions was 38,903,625. The carcasses condemned numbered 61,980, besides 17,445 parts of carcasses. The meat-inspection tag or brand was placed upon 19,694,665 quar- ters, 250,141 pieces, and 3,820 sacks of beef, 7,419,287 carcasses of sheep, 554,016 carcasses of calves, 1,253,083 carcasses of hogs, and 793,471 sacks of pork. The meat-inspection stamp was affixed to packages of meat products that had received the ordinary inspection as follows: 7,166,490 of beef, 39,229 of mutton, 8 of veal, 15,835,520 of pork, and 6388 of horseflesh, a total of 23,041,885. The number of cars sealed containing inspected meat products for shipment to official abattoirs and other places was 64,730. The number of certificates of ordinary inspection issued for meat products for export, exclusive of horseflesh, was 32,744. Of beef there were 1,571,305 quarters, 19,728 pieces, 3,845 bags, and 1,582,549 packages, with a weight of 416,990,762 pounds; of mutton there were 85 carcasses and 26,942 packages, weighing 1,145,248 pounds; of pork there were 94,962 carcasses and 658,139 packages, weighing 188,360,011 pounds. These figures show a decrease from the previous year of REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. xXIit 35,839,611 pounds of beef and 42,784,927 pounds of pork. There were 11 certificates issued for hor Eodcale the export eee of 638 packages, weighing 170,968 pounds. The quantity of pork examined microscopically, which was exported, amounted to 33,681,229 pounds. This was a decrease of a little more than 2,000,000 Houta from the previous year, owing to a decreased demand for pork from those countries demanding inspection. The cost of this work per pound was 0.368 cent. The value of the exports of animals and animal products for the year ended June 30,1902, amounted to the large sum of $244,733,062. Of this amount, $44,871,684 was the value of the animals, $192,756,608 of the meat and meat products, and $7,104,770 of the dairy products. The total value of the exports of animal products was about $3,000,000 greater than the like exports of the previous year, but there was a decrease of nearly $8,000,000 in the value of cattle exported. This was due to the sharp demand for beef cattle in this country. Of the 392,884 cattle exported, 295,346 were inspected, tagged, and certified as to health. The others shipped were from ports where inspection is not provided and is made to countries where a Govern- ment certificate of inspection is not required. Of sheep, £01,132 were inspected and 212,178 were certified for export; of horses, 19,990 were inspected and 10,975 certified for export. The value of ie cattle exported was $99,902,212: of horses $10,048,046; of mules $2,692,298; of sheep $1,940,060. The inspection of vessels for carrying live stock has been conducted with a view to the best possible service and the most humane treat- ment of the animals. The percentage of loss in ocean transit of cattle is now reduced to 0.13 for cattle, 0.89 for sheep, and 0.65 for horses. The number of clearances of vessels carrying live stock was 837, which was considerably less than for the previous year—a condition due to the decreased exports of cattle and horses. INSPECTION SERVICE FOR IMpoRT ANIMALS. There were inspected and admitted from Mexico 65,213 cattle, 3,776 sheep and lambs, and 2,090 goats; also a few asses, horses, mules, and hogs. Through portson the seacoast, horses not subject to quarantine were imported to the number of 2,283. . One of the most important duties of the Bureau of Animal Industry is to maintain strict quarantine at the ports of the seacoast in order to prevent the introduction of animal plagues. The efficiency of this service has been shown in the past, and it is a service by which the live-stock interests of our country are directly conserved. The live- stock growers demand and receive the most rigid inspection at these ports, for it would be no difficult matter to permit the introduction of diseases which might easily cost the live-stock growers many millions XIV REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. in direct losses, and at the same time the Government would be under heavy expense in efforts toward their eradication. We imported from Canada 27,716 cattle, 148,318 sheep, 3,305 horses, and 5,356 hogs which were not subject to quarantine. There were also imported and quarantined 1,214 cattle, 231 sheep, and 33 hogs. Besides these there were quarantined animals of various species which were destined for menageries and zoological parks. For the purpose of preventing the importation of cattle affected with tuberculosis a veterinarian has been stationed in Great Britain, whose duty it is to test with tuberculin all cattle over six months old which are destined for export to the United States. During the year 1,067 cattle have been so tested, of which 928 were passed and 139 rejected. These cattle were representatives of nine different breeds, those pre- dominating being Hereford, Jersey, and Shorthorn. Exports oF Datry PRODUCTS. Experimental exports of dairy products have been made to Japan, China, Cuba, and Porto Rico. This method of making known the better grades of these products has resulted in somewhat increased sales by merchants in San Francisco and New York and some parties elsewhere; but inadequate and unsuitable transportation facilities, the destructive climates of some of the markets referred to, and other unfavorable conditions prevent any rapid increase in this trade. The results indicate, however, that the markets of Japan may be further cultivated. Under act of Congress of March 2, 1902, the dairy division of the Bureau inaugurated a system of inspection of dairy products offered — for export, affixing stamps to the same, and certifying to the charac- ter and quality of the articles. Domestic prices, however, have been so high as to prevent any considerable export of high-grade goods other than condensed milk and cream. ConTAGIous DISEASES. The work of this Bureau with reference to contagious diseases of animals, which has been prominent from the time of its organization, has been continued. This work at present includes the control of Texas fever, blackleg, sheep scab, and maladie du coit, while scientific investigations are in progress to determine the nature and best methods of treating other important diseases, such as tuberculosis, hog cholera, and anthrax. The records show that 1,688,565 doses of blackleg vaccine were distributed during the year, and the reports of its use reduce the loss of cattle after using it to 0.51 per cent of those vaccinated. If we should eliminate from these reports those cattle which were presumably infected before vaccination, and also those REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. XV which probably died because a mistake was made in the operation, the percentage of loss would be reduced to 0.44. These results indicate that the use of this vaccine has saved to the stock raisers many thou- sands of head of cattle and consequently a very large sum of money. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. Tn accordance with the recommendations in my last report, Congress brought within the scope of this Bureau four additional lines of plant work, viz, the Arlington Experimental Farm, the investigations in the production of domestic tea, the work on foreign seed and plant intro- duction, and the Congressional seed distribution. It has necessarily required much time to perfect this reorganization, but everything in this direction is now practically complete and the nine main branches of the Bureau are being so conducted as to bring forth the very best work. Much of the success of any work in the Department depends, in the first place, upon good men, and, in the second place, upon giving such men responsibilities of a nature that will develop their best efforts. This policy is followed in the Bureau of Plant Industry, and as a result there is an earnest corps of workers, each knowing his duty and performing it with all the energy at his command. Owing to the fact that much of the detailed work connected with the reorganization was completed last year, it has been found practicable the present year to devote considerable attention to the development of new fields, a few of which may be briefly referred to here, The nature of the work of this Bureau is such that cooperation with the State experiment stations is an important factor, and for this reason very close relationships have been established with station investigators in about thirty States. The work undertaken conjointly with these stations is of the most varied character. Farm MANAGEMENT. As the work of reorganizing this Bureau developed, the need was felt for properly coordinating all the varied lines of plant work in such a way that they could be brought directly home to the practical farmer and fruit grower in all parts of the country. To this end, I have approved the establishment within the Bureau of an office of Farm Management, which shall have for its object the bringing together in concrete form of all the facts developed in the Bureau as a whole, sift- ing the results, and applying them in a practical way where they will do the most good. To enhance the value of this work general studies have been inaugurated in the matter of securing facts regarding the way in which the best paying farms in the country are being managed, and what are the relationships of surrounding conditions, such as proximity to markets, ways of leasing or controlling the lands, soils, XVI REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. and climate, and the methods of farming followed. With the knowl- edge thus secured it will be practicable to lay out a working plan for a particular farm in a particular region, the object being in all cases to have such plans serve as object lessons for type regions rather than for individuals. In line with this plan there is now being undertaken in different parts of the South demonstration experiments for the purpose of showing the possibilities of more diversified farming. With the cooperation of farmers, working plans are being devised whereby the present system of growing only one crop will be changed so as to secure more diversification, thus insuring greater profits and the building up of the fertility of the land. There are many thousands of acres in the South where the same system of farming has been carried on for years and where it would be a great advantage to inau- gurate changes which would lead to the building up of the fertility of the soil and give broader opportunities to those handling the same. Asa specific example of this work there is now being developed in the South, as object lessons, a system of what will be called ‘‘ one- man” farms. These are small areas of land in the pine woods region upon which a system of farming is being developed of such a nature as to appeal directly to the class of farmers who must necessarily handle such land. Instead of a single crop, simple systems of rotation are being put into operation, and the question of the proper stock to keep is being considered, all being of such a nature that the work can be handled by one individual. In other regions, where the conditions are different, more elaborate plans are under way whereby consider- able tracts of land which have for years been cropped to cotton are being arranged for a regular rotation, introducing stock as an element for the purpose of showing the possibilities of such diversification and its bearing on the welfare of the different communities. EXTENSION OF FrRuItT MARKETS ABROAD. With the increasing production of special crops there is felt the urgent need for broader markets. This is particularly the case with perishable products, such as fruits and certain kinds of vegetables. There have lately been undertaken, in a limited way, some investiga- tions having for their purpose the extension of the export trade and the improvement of the methods of handling these products for for- eign and domestic use. Several experimental shipments have included summer apples, peaches, fall pears, and sweet potatoes—products in which an export trade is undeveloped; and winter apples, in which there is a large and increasing trade, but in which it is desirable to bring about improvements in the methods of handling and shipping. The results so far obtained indicate that the first-named products may be landed in European markets in good condition if proper care is exercised in all of the operations from the orchard or field to the REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. XVII final destinations. A net return has been realized equal to, and in most cases in excess of, domestic values. It is shown also that the net return for a given fruit is largely influenced by the kind of pack- age in which it is forwarded, and by the methods of packing and shipping it. These preliminary investigations have already encouraged growers to ship some of these fruits in a commercial way and to adopt the sug- gestions brought out by the Department investigations. The fruit export trade needs careful investigation, both at home and abroad, in order that the methods of the American fruit grower may conform more closely to the foreign practices of handling and distributing our fruits and to the requirements of the foreign consumer. I wish here to point out the necessity in work of this kind for a thorough and systematic study of the different foreign markets, in order that the American farmer and fruit grower may act intelligently in making shipments. To this end a plan is being devised whereby an experienced man will be sent to one or ‘more of our most promising foreign markets to study all the prevailing conditions, and to secure and handle experimental shipments of fruits and vegetables, noting the condition in which various shipments arrive, the methods of pack- ing which give the most satisfactory results, and looking after numer- ous other details which can be determined in no other way. Such an agent would also be in a position to secure valuable facts regard- ing the products with which we are compelled to compete, and would be able to point out methods by means of which we could best meet this competition. To make this work still more valuable, the Department’s agent or agents could do much toward enlightening the general public in such foreign countries in regard to the value of our products for general consumption. There is no reason why many of our fruits and vege- tables can not be sentabroad and sold at a price that would place them within the reach of the average consumer, provided he was aware that he could obtain them, and knew something of their value as food. In other words, it seems that the time has come for decisive action in the matter of exploiting abroad such products as have been mentioned; and to accomplish this with the best results trained men, and men of good judgment, will be required. If sufficient funds are available, it is planned to inaugurate this work the forthcoming year in a limited way. PLant PHysioLoGy AND PATHOLOGY. The practical utility of thorough scientific investigation of agricul- tural problems is nowhere better demonstrated than in the Department’s work in the broad field of physiology and pathology. While the greatest scientific accuracy is demanded on the one hand in the study AGR 1902 II XVIII REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. of the normal and abnormal or diseased condition of plants, on the other hand no effort is spared to make the knowledge thus obtained of practical use. Following are some of the results of the work of the past year. PLANT DISEASES. PEAR BLIGHT. This disease, also known as fire blight or apple blight, is the cause of heavy losses annually. It has been especially severe for the past two years in the Southern and Pacific Coast States. The Department several years ago discovered improved methods of treating this disease, and during the past year a large field demonstration of the method was made in Texas in a place where the disease was so severe as to thoroughly test the treatment. This experiment, on a commercial scale, was entirely successful. Four to five thousand bushels of fruit were saved in the treated orchard, while in the untreated adjacent orchard the fruit was destroyed by the disease and the trees greatly injured. Similar demonstrations will be carried out next year in other parts of the United States. LITTLE PEACH. Some important discoveries were made during the year in regard to this rapidly spreading disease. In some respects it appears to be almost as serious a trouble as the dreaded peach yellows, and, as in the case of that disease, the Department recommends immediate destruc- tion of the diseased trees. If this is promptly done the disease may be largely stamped out. No resistant stocks have yet been found, though careful search is being made for them. BITTER ROT OF APPLES. This disease is one of the worst with which the apple grower has to contend. For the past three years it has destroyed millions of dol- lars worth of fruit on the trees and millions of dollars worth in the hands of commission men. The method of treating this disease has, in the past, been only partially successful. An agent of the Depart- ment has lately discovered. that the infection spreads from diseased canker spots on the limbs to the fruit. This discovery will enable us to much more thoroughly control the disease, if not to prevent it entirely. The spraying experiments this year have also been very successful. BACTERIAL DISEASE OF ENGLISH WALNUTS. One of the most important industries of southern California is the growing of English walnuts. For several years a disease has been gaining headway in the orchards and has caused great loss. The REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. XIX Department’s experts on the Pacific coast have been studying the trouble and have been especially successful during the past year in improving the methods of combating it. While much still remains to be accomplished, a treatment has been found which will greatly reduce the injury done by the disease. DECAY OF FOREST AND CONSTRUCTION TIMBER. Rapid progress has been made during the year in the study con- jointly with the Bureau of Forestry of the diseases of forest trees. Special attention has been given to the diseases in the great forest reservations, and practical methods of controlling some of them have been devised. Recently a serious heart-rot disease of catalpa has appeared in some of the western catalpa plantations. A Department expert has studied this rot fungus, found out what it is, and has devised a method to pro- tect the trees against it in the future. The importance of this is appar- ent. The planting of catalpa groves is increasing in several of the Western States. The wood is very durable, making good fence posts, telegraph poles, ete. One of the most important subjects connected with the utilization of forests is increasing the durability of wood when used for construc- tion. A careful study of the various methods of preserving wood was begun the past year by Department experts and much valuable infor- mation obtained. The organisms causing decay of fence posts, sills of buildings, railroad ties, telegraph poles, bridge timbers, greenhouse benches, etc., practically all belong to the group of fungi. The Department believes that cheap and effective methods of treating lumber so as to prevent this decay can be found, and considerable progress was made in this direction the past year. PLANT BREEDING WORK. DISEASE-RESISTANT CROPS. The most practical way to fight disease is to use nature’s method and get disease-resistant or immune plants. Striking success has been achieved by the Department experts in this line. The development of cotton resistant to wilt disease is now an assured fact and has been taken hold of by the planters on a large scale. Large tracts of land in the Sea Island district of South Carolina which had been abandoned on account of this disease were planted the past year successfully with resistant strains of cotton, and good crops secured. The discovery during the past year of a variety of cowpea—*‘ Little Iron ”—resist- ant to ‘‘ wilt” and ‘‘root-knot” (two of the worst diseases of this important crop in the South) is a matter of great importance to South- emn agriculture, where the need of leguminous crops for forage and 3B: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. soil improvement is especially felt. Thirty bushels of seed of this resistant variety were distributed during the past year. Satisfactory progress was made during the year in securing varieties of cotton resistant to the Texas root-rot, and some evidence was obtained that varieties may be developed resistant to the dreaded cot- ton boll weevil. BETTER UPLAND COTTONS. One of the greatest needs in improving the cotten industry of the United States has been to secure a long-staple Upland variety which is of good quality and productive. The long-staple Upland varieties at present existing are all of them rather light producers, and are defective in that the fiber is borne on fuzzy or tufted seed, which makes them difficult to gin. The aim of the Department’s experts has been to secure productive varieties with large bolls, easy to pick, with fine, strong lint from 1} to 1# inches long, borne ona smooth black seed. Many hybrids were made with this in view and the result has been successful beyond our expectations. Several varieties of the ideal type desired have been produced, having larger bolls, very productive, with long, fine fiber, borne on smooth black seeds. The experiments of the past year show quite conclusively that these varieties can be made permanent. Egypt and South Africa are waking up to their possibilities in cotton production, and they are already endeavoring to get some of our ex- perts to help them to develop the industry in competition with the United States. The only way we can continue to maintain our supremacy in the future is to develop and grow better and more pro- ductive varieties than will be grown by our competitors. HARDY ORANGES. The work of developing frost-resistant oranges was started several years ago, and the progress of the work has been reported from time to time. During the past season we have obtained the first fruits of these hybrids. These are intermediate in character between the Florida sweet orange and the hardy trifoliate, and have good, though few, seeds. There is therefore strong probability that from the seeds of these fruits we shall obtain numerous varieties with the qualities desired. WHEAT BREEDING. Several of the Russian winter wheats are superior to the American varieties; still there is room for improving on the Russian varieties. As a rule Japanese varieties are early maturing, while the better Rus- sian sorts are late. Hybrids between the Japanese and Russian vari- eties have already been obtained having the good qualities of the hardy Russian sorts and the early ripening quality of the Japanese. Early REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. xXxI varieties often escape the worst periods of drought and are less likely to be injured by rusts and other fungousand insect pests. Gratifying progress has also been made during the year in breeding rust-resistant varieties and nonshattering sorts. NITROGEN-GATHERING BACTERIA. Attention was called in my last report to the importance of nitrogen in the nutrition of plants, and the discovery of a new method of culti- vating the bacteria which gather nitrogen in connection with legumi- nous crops was announced. This method has been perfected during the past year. The reason for the failure of former work in this line, both in this country and Europe, has been determined, and a new, simple, cheap, and thoroughly satisfactory method of growing and dis- tributing the tubercle bacteria for all the important leguminous crops has been perfected. The nitrogen-gathering power of the bacteria grown by our new method is at least five times as great as the nitrogen- gathering power of the ordinary forms found in nature, and the new forms, instead of being restricted to certain legumes, have a much wider range of activity. Field tests on a large scale were started dur- ing the year, and advance reports from the cooperating farmers show extremely favorable returns from the use of these organisms. BoTanIcaAL INVESTIGATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS. During the year the botanical investigations of this Bureau were pushed forward with vigor. Some of the more important results accomplished in this field are outlined below: THE COMMERCIAL GRADING OF GRAIN. A movement to secure an improvement in methods of inspection and toward greater uniformity in work of inspection departments of the large grain markets is now well begun, as a result of an organiza- tion of the chief inspectors of these markets. The interest manifested in this movement by all branches of the grain trade gives reason for believing that there may result from it a system of inspection and grading, maintained by the trade organizations, which shall be honest, efficient, and uniform throughout the country, and which shall insure to the farmer a premium for high quality of product, and to the con- sumer the quality of grain he demandsand pays for. The Department is aiding this movement as much as possible by cooperating with these chief inspectors in working out simple and practicable methods for determining and accurately stating the quality of grain and studying causes and methods of prevention of deterioration of grain in storage and in transit. XXII REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN RED CLOVER SEED. The study of the merits of red clover of American as compared with that of European origin has been continued, with the cooperation of a number of agricultural experiment stations in the clover-growing States. From the 1901 plantings the results were practically the same as those of the year before in the testing garden at Washington. The European cloyers were not able to stand the hot and dry periods of our summer, but suffered badly from sun scald, and were generally of a much lighter color and less thrifty than those from our own seed. The same facts hold true for the plantings made this year, and it is evident that the European clover, unless it be some from the extreme north, is not adapted to the clover-growing sections of the United States. NEW REMEDY FOR SHEEP POISONING ON THE STOCK RANGES. The great stock ranges of the Northwest contain approximately one- third of the sheep in the United States, representing a value of more than $40,000,000. The owners of these sheep suffer an annual loss conservatively estimated at 1 per cent, or $400,000, from poisonous plants. During the past year the Department has continued its investigation of this loss and has succeeded in isolating poisonous principles from the species of camas and from one of the lupines, the two kinds of plants which, next to the loco weeds, cause the greatest percentage of loss in the Northwest. The antidote for poison camas announced by the Department in 1900, viz, drenching with a 1 per cent solution of permanganate of potash and sulphate of aluminum, while effective, can be successfully applied by one man to only a few sheep. Some remedy was demanded which could be more quickly applied when a large number of sheep are poisoned. Our physio- logical tests of the active principle of poison camas on rabbits and other small animals, subsequently verified with sheep, showed that considerable quantities of the poison passed from the system in the urine. A series of tests was then instituted with drugs that are known to stimulate the action of the kidneys. It has now been demonstrated that a combination of diuretin and caffeine is a satisfactory antidote © for this poison; and as it can be given very rapidly by means of a hypo- dermic syringe, one man can apply the remedy to several hundred sheep in a few hours. AN IMPORTANT STEP IN HEMP CULTURE. More than nine-tenths of the hemp produced in the United States is grown in Kentucky, and at present prices it 1s regarded as second only to tobacco in profit as a farm crop. It yields a good profit there, notwithstanding the fact that practically no labor-saving machinery or REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. XXITIT improved methods of handling the crop have been introduced. The hemp is nearly all cut by hand, and after much laborious handling in the process of curing and retting it is broken ona hand brake. In Nebraska, where the industry is being established, a new and impor- tant step has been taken in cutting the crop with an ordinary mowing machine. A simple attachment, which bends the stalks over in the direction in which the machine is going, facilitates the cutting. The work is regarded as not much more difficult than that of cutting clover or alfalfa, and one man with a span of ordinary farm horses and a mow- ing machine that has a 5-foot or a 6-foot cutting bar will mow about 10 acres per day. The cost of cutting hemp in this manner is 50 cents per acre, as compared with $3 to $4 per acre, the rates paid for cutting by hand in Kentucky. The hemp, after being mowed, is left where it falls until retted, except where it is especially heavy. In that case it is necessary to turn it to secure uniformity in curing and retting. It is then raked up and taken to the mill, where the fiber is extracted by means of a series of fluted rollers and beaters. By these methods hemp tow is produced nearly equal in value to Kentucky rough hemp, and at a total cost, exclusive of rent of land, of about $20 instead of $45 per ton. THE UTILIZATION OF FLAX STRAW. Efforts are being made to utilize the fiber contained in the thousands of tons of flax straw produced from the flax raised for seed in the Dakotas and Minnesota. Heretofore most of this straw has been burned to get it out of the way. Now large quantities, after being cut and thrashed in the ordinary manner, are subjected to a breaking process which produces a fiber of excellent quality for paper pulp and also a fair grade of fiber for textile purposes. During the past season satisfactory results have been obtained in the use of North Dakota flax for the manufacture of binding twine. DEVELOPMENT OF THE SISAL INDUSTRY. The demand for sisal for the manufacture of binding twine is rapidly increasing, owing largely to the advent of the corn binder. The sisal plant is very exacting in regard to the conditions under which it may be cultivated successfully, and, as the areas having the proper condi- tions for its growth are comparatively limited, it is of the utmost importance to our American consumers of binding twine, as well as to the fiber producers in our tropical territories, that land suitable for the growth of the sisal plant be utilized so far as possible. These facts have been accentuated by the high prices paid for sisal fiber during the past year. A brief investigation has been made of the sisal industry in the Bahamas, where the conditions are somewhat similar to those in XXIV REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. Porto Rico. Some sisal plants from the Bahamas have been sent for trial to the Porto Rico experiment station at Mayaguez. ‘There seems to be little doubt that the sisal plant can be successfully cultivated in limited areas in Porto Rico, as it is now being cultivated in Santo Domingo. It has been introduced into Hawaii, and the first commer- cial crop has been harvested there during the past season, the fiber es, eae oo : produced finding a ready market at good prices in San Francisco. THE MANGO AND ALLIGATOR PEAR IN PORTO RICO. Reports are in preparation advising the extensive planting of supe- rior varieties of mangoes and alligator pears in Porto Rico, to supply the increasing demands of the markets of our Eastern cities. That these fruits are not already as popular in the United States as bananas and oranges is due to the fact that there has been no adequate or regu- lar supply of good quality. Porto Rico offers natural conditions very favorable for their culture, and improved facilities of transportation have simplified the commercial problem. Varieties much superior to those now grown for home use in Porto Rico have been found by rep- resentatives of the Department in Guatemala and Mexico. CULTURE OF THE CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBBER TREE (CASTILLOA). It is generally supposed that a continuously humid climate is neces- sary for rubber culture, but in southern Mexico it is obvious that an alternation of distinct wet and dry seasons is favorable to the produc- tion of rubber by Castilloa, which will permit a much wider use of this tree in our tropical islands than has appeared possible hitherto. The failure of some of the earlier experiments may be ascribed to planting in situations too uniformly moist. The tree will often grow luxuriantly where it will produce little or no rubber, as many planters have learned to their cost. Rubber is the most important vegetable raw material now imported for manufacture in the United States. The agricultural production of rubber is assured, and several millions of capital from the United States have been invested already in Mexi- can rubber plantations. The extent, however, to which these and similar enterprises in other countries can be made profitable depends on the solution of many new agricultural problems. COFFEE SHADE. The coffee industry of Porto Rico has been injured by the presence of too many shade trees in the plantations, owing to the belief of the planters that heavy shading is necessary. f SUFFIELD, Conn., September 4, 1902. Dear Stir: It is but right I should advise you as to the working quality of the Connecticut shade-grown Sumatra tobacco, from which I purchased at the sale in Hartford, Conn., on May 1, 1902, 20 bales. I have worked in my cigar factory since then quite a proportion of this tobacco, and I am more than pleased with the results. It is finer and better in every way (in color, texture, and flavor) than the imported Sumatra, and the wrapping qualities are enormous; 20 ounces will easily wrap 1,000 5-inch cigars. Iam confident that when cigar manufacturers come to work this tobacco the demand will be far greater than the supply. Very respectfully, yours, L. P. Bisset. Hartrorp, Conn., September 1, 1902. Dear Str: We have been using the shade-grown tobacco, which we bought at the auction held in this city last May, to some extent all summer. We are using it ona small ‘‘perfecto”’ cigar. It wraps with about 2 pounds to 1,000 cigars. The colors have improved a great deal since last spring. It burns well and tastes well. So far we have not had any complaints from any of our customers about the cigars with this wrapper. We should like it better if it had a little more body, because then it would stand the cold weather better. Very truly, yours, LrrcHKr & PLETCHER. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. LXXIII In another communication Messrs. Leichke & Pletcher report that they could wrap 1,000 of their 5-inch cigars with 1 pound 10 ounces of the leaf, while Mr. Bissell, of Suffield, reported that he was using 2 pounds of the shade-grown leaf to wrap 1,000 of his cigars, and that with a bale of wrappers weighing 140 pounds 102,000 cigars were wrapped. It can safely be said, therefore, that the leaf has success- fully stood the test of the cigar manufacturer._ Even before the tobacco was ready for the market or the results of the sale announced preparations were made by the growers to largely increase the acreage. Although the commercial success of the investi- gations had been fully demonstrated, the industry was so important and involved such an expenditure of labor and capital that, at the earnest solicitation of the growers, the Department’s experts were left in the Connecticut Valley for another year to advise with such of the growers as needed their assistance. At the present time the Depart- ment is advising and instructing in this way 38 growers in Connecticut and Massachusetts, cultivating 645 acres of shade tobacco. The efforts of the Department in this direction seem to be very highly appreciated. The season has been distinctly unfavorable. There has been an unprecedented amount of rain, falling in very severe showers, and the season as a whole has been characterized by cool spells and especially cool nights. This has apparently not affected the crop materially, as it is the general belief that the crop at this time is bet- ter than that of last year. The season has also been one of unusually severe wind and hail storms. Considerable damage has been done to the outside crops in certain sections of the State, but no damage has been done to the shaded tobacco, as the cloth has protected the leaf from all injury from hail. The damage from wind has also been exceedingly light. The winds have been so strong in places that the posts have been lifted from the ground, but the damage to the tents has been exceedingly slight and there has been practically no injury to the crop. As to the financial prospects for this year, the following estimate is based on the experience of last year: There are about 700 acres of tobacco under shade, which will produce about 1,000,000 pounds of cured tobacco, or 800,800 pounds of baled tobacco, exclusive of trash. The total cost, at $657.17 per acre—the average for last year—will amount to $460,019. The total value of the baled tobacco at $1.20 per pound, the average price obtained at the auction, will be $960,960. The net profit will be $500,941. It is believed, however, that the cost per acre will be considerably less than last year, and that the price per pound will be greater. The Department believes that this indus- try has been successfully placed upon a commercial basis, and that there will be a considerable increase in the crop grown next year. We have demonstrated our ability to produce a leaf which is desired LXXIV REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. by our people, and for which about $6,000,000 have annually been expended in foreign countries. The demand for this product has always been greater than the supply, and prices have been maintained in a remarkable manner. It may seem strange to some that manu- facturers can afford to pay such prices for wrapper leaf, but even at $3 a pound for leaf that will wrap at the rate of 2 pounds to 1,000 cigars, the cost of the wrapper is about six-tenths of a cent. Even at such prices the leaf can profitably be used on a 5-cent cigar. There is so little waste to the leaf, it yields so well in the manufacture of cigars, the color is so uniform, and the grading is so perfect that manufacturers find it actually cheaper to pay $3 a pound for such leaf than to buy domestic wrappers at an average of 20 cents a pound or selected domestic wrappers at from 50 to 60 cents. SUMATRA TOBACCO IN LOCALITIES OTHER THAN CONNECTICUT. Considerable interest has been shown, of course, in the possibility of extending the Sumatra tobacco industry to other localities and to other States. It was predicted, asa result of the soil survey of the Lancaster area, Pennsylvania, that the Sumatra tobacco could be suc- cessfully grown under shade on the narrow strip of Donegal gravelly loam bordering the Susquehanna River. Experiments carried on this year by the Pennsylvania experiment station, in cooperation with this Department, in growing Sumatra tobacco under shade on a small tract of about 1 acre appear to have demonstrated the correctness of this prediction. The crop has been harvested and, judging from the product in the curing shed, it is of good quality. It is not believed by the Department experts that equally successful results will be attained on other soils in this area. In response to demands from one of the principal New York tobacco districts, a soil survey was made this season of the Big Flats area in the Chemung Valley, New York. As a result of this survey, it is pot believed by the Department experts that any considerable success will attend the growing of Sumatra tobacco on the soils of that local- ity, with the exception of a very small area of not exceeding 10 acres, where an experiment has been actually carried on by a gentleman familiar with the soils of the Connecticut Valley, who selected this tract because it represents the type of land that is found in Connecticut. A soil survey has also been made of a considerable area in the Janesville area, Wisconsin. Two experiments of growing Sumatra tobacco under shade have been tried there, and the results at the time of harvesting indicate a fair degree of success. The Department does not believe, however, that the product of the soils of the Janes- ville area will approach in quality or in value the product raised in the Connecticut Valley. It is not intended by this to imply that the leaf can not be successfully grown in the Wisconsin area, but from REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. LXXV the information at present obtainable it does not seem that the prod- uct will be of equal value with that of the Connecticut Valley. The Department is still of the opinion that the conditions essential for the raising of a high grade of Sumatra tobacco are limited in extent and can be closely defined by the soil survey. INVESTIGATIONS IN THE FILLER TOBACCO DISTRICTS. The experiment of raising Cuban filler in Lancaster County, Pa., last year was not a success. It is believed, however, that this was due to a misunderstanding with the growers and a consequent lack of care and thoroughness in the cultivation and handling of the crop. While it was thought that these investigations should not have been inter- rupted or discouragement felt at the lack of success in this first attempt, it was impossible for financial reasons to maintain a party in Penn- sylyania, as a promise had already been given to start the work in Ohio. Accordingly, more careful plans were made, and a crop was grown on the upland soils of the Miami Valley, under the direct and immediate supervision of the Department’s experts. This crop has just been harvested, and it is too early to determine the value of the product. From other crops that have been raised in the locality from imported Cuban seed, which have been fermented by our experts and thoroughly examined, it would appear that a desirable type of leaf, approaching very closely the imported Cuban leaf, can be produced. The quality of the leaf is not at present all that could be desired. There is something harsh about the aroma, but it is thought that this: can be considerably toned down, if not entirely eliminated, by thorough methods of cultivation and fermentation. The tobacco situation in Texas has been thoroughly studied, and it is thought that a desirable leaf will be produced there by careful methods of cultivation, fermentation, and assorting. CONFERENCE OF TOBACCO EXPERTS. A conference has recently been held in Washington by the tobacco experts of the Department to consider the general situation and to advise as to the methods to be pursued during next season, especially in Ohio and Texas. Arrangements have been made for experimenta- tion during the coming crop season with good prospects of producing fine filler tobacco in these two States. Leaf has been grown that can not be distinguished from the imported Cuban when properly fermented. SALARIES OF TOBACCO EXPERTS. The demand for experts to carry on tobacco investigations has been so great that Mr. Floyd, although receiving as high a salary as, in Justice to other officers of departments, it seemed possible to pay him, LXXVI REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. and who at the time was getting a larger salary than the Chief of the Bureau who was directing the work, was induced to leave by the offer of compensation about three times as great as he was receiving in the Department. Quite recently his successor has been approached in the same way by a corporation intending to operate in the Connecticut Valley, and it is likely that he will leave the Department to accept a much more remunerative position outside. Two years ago I had to note the loss to the Department of a gentleman who had made some important discoveries in tobacco fermentation, and who was called to Japan at a salary about four times as great as he was receiving in the Department. It is gratifying to feel that the Department’s experts are looked upon with such favor in the commercial world, but these experts are so dif- ficult to obtain, and to train them requires so long a time, that the Department is very greatly embarrassed when they are thus removed because of lack of opportunity to pay them what their services are worth in commercial lines. As this work has been developed by the Department, it seems strange to think that the very success of the work is hindering, if it does not prevent, the successful extension of the investigations. EXTENSION OF THE TOBACCO INVESTIGATIONS. The tobacco investigations of the past two years have been carried on with three field parties, at a cost of about $5,000 each, or an aggre- gate of $15,000 per annum. On account of the great success of this “work, and the extraordinary interest taken in its extension to other areas, I recommended last year that the appropriations for the Bureau of Soils be increased so that the allotments for this work could be made sufficient for seven parties of tobacco experts. The appropriations as passed, however, did not allow of this increase, and the allotment this year has been the same as for last. The demands for the services of these tobacco experts have been very great, and I would recommend that three additional parties be organized for work in Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and North Carolina. This will mean an increase of $15,000 in the allotment, making in all the sum of $30,000 for the tobacco investigations. I feel that the economic results of the work so far done, and the lines of work that are at present being developed, fully justify this recommendation. The reports from the Connecticut Val- ley alone indicate that nearly $1,000,000 worth of Sumatra tobacco will be grown in the State this year. This has largely increased the price of land; has furnished a market for thousands of chestnut posts from adjacent ridges which have lain idle and unproductive for years; has given employment in a healthful occupation and at remunerative wages to large numbers of men and women; has brought about the production of millions of square yards of cloth by the cloth manufac- | REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. LXXVII turers, and has opened up the possibility of an enormously profitable industry for the future. It would seem that this experiment alone would fully justify the increase in the allotment that is asked, but when it is stated that we expend annually $8,000,000 for filler tobacco which the experts of the Department believe can be produced in this country, it but adds to the justification of the request for the larger allotment for this work. DRAINAGE INVESTIGATIONS. During the year an investigation was started as to the possibility and practicability of reclaiming the soils in the arid regions which have been injured by seepage water and the accumulation of alkali. In cooperation with the Utah experiment station and Mr. C. D. Swann, of Salt Lake City, who has donated land for the purpose and has paid a considerable portion of the field expenses, a tract of 40 acres of alkali land near Salt Lake City has been thoroughly underdrained with tile. This work has been under the immediate supervision of the Department experts, and the work of reclamation is to be under the joint charge of the Department and the Utah experiment station. It 1s too early yet to speak of the results of this work. It is being watchea with the greatest interest by the people of that locality, and it is believed that if the investigation is a success ample capital will be forthcoming to carry on extensive operations in the reclamation of alkali tracts and the prevention of damage to irrigated lands from seepage waters. This work is uncer the immediate charge of Mr. W. H. Heileman. Arrangements are being made for the carrying on of similar work at Fresno, Cal., and it is proposed to extend this work to a typical area in Montana and possibly in Arizona, to demonstrate to the people that these unfavorable conditions can be economically controlled. It is estimated that land values in the immediate vicinity of Salt Lake City will be increased at least $3,000,000, exclusive of the cost of reclamation, if they can be reclaimed from the alkali with which they are now unpregnated, and it is believed that eaually great benefits will result in other portions of the arid West. In furtherance of this work, Mr. Thomas H. Means, of the Bureau of Soils, has accompanied Mr. Thomas H. Kearney, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, on a trip to Algeria and Egypt to study the treatment of alkali lands, the use of alkaline waters in irrigation, the methods used in the reclamation from seepage water and alkali, and the crops adapted to alkali soils. This investigation has not yet been com- pleted, but sufficient has been heard from the party to indicate that conditions even more serious than those existing in the arid regions of this country are under perfect control, and it is believed that the information thus gathered will be of great benefit to the people of Western America. LXXVIIIT REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. EXAMINATION OF ImporTED Foop Propucts. The Bureau of Chemistry has continued the examination of imported food products for the purpose of determining if they contain any added substances injurious to health. The Bureau has also collabo- rated with the Treasury Department in controlling the polarizations of imported sugars and in determining the character of certain other imported products in order to classify them for dutiable purposes. Investigations of the adulteration of food products is one of the impor- tant studies of this Bureau, and the work has been especially devoted during the past year to the adulterations of olive oils, with the object of securing an honest market for the olive oils of domestic manufac- ture which are compelled to compete with cheaper and aduiterated oils. INVESTIGATIONS OF ForEST PRODUCTS. Important investigations, in cooperation with the Bureau of For- estry, have been conducted by this Bureau in connection with eco- nomic forest products such as tannin, gums, rubbers, and wood pulps. LABORATORY TESTS OF RoaD MATERIALS. The road material laboratory of this Bureau, which was established in December, 1900, in cooperation with the Office of Public Road Inquiries, tests road materials of all descriptions, free of charge, for practical road builders throughout the country. Those interested in the construction of a road have only to send samples of their available materials to this laboratory and have the road-making qualities of these materials determined. In the case of materials for macadam roads, the resistance of wear to rock, its cementing value, hardness, toughness, and absorptiveness are deter- mined. After such tests are made it is possible to predict which material will give the best practical results under a given traffic. Only practical road builders of much experience realize the large amount of money which can be wasted through an improper selection of material. There are generally several materials available in every locality, and the difficulty of selecting the most suitable for a particu- lar road is evident. The only way a proper selection can be made within a reasonable time is by means of physical and chemical labora- tory tests. The laboratory is now equipped for the testing of road materials of every description, as wellas cement and concrete for drains and high- way bridges. The large number of samples received from all parts of the country, including our island possessions, attest the value which practical road builders place upon these laboratory tests. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. LXXIX INVESTIGATIONS IN THE SUGAR LABORATORY. Important investigations looking to improving the quantity and quality of table sirups have been made in the sugar laboratory, and critical studies have been undertaken of the influences tending to pro- duce the maximum content of sugar in beets, melons, and other sugar- producing plants. STUDIES OF INSECTICIDES. Studies of the various insecticides in common use in agriculture have been conducted with the object of determining the value of their constituents. Since arsenious acid is one of the most common con- stituents of insecticides, an investigation has been commenced to determine the effect of this body upon the foliage of plants and to ascertain whether any of the arsenic thus applied for insecticidal pur- poses is found in the food products derived from the plants which have been thus treated. Stupy oF ENVIRONMENT OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CEREALS. Extensive collaborative work has been instituted with many of the agricultural experiment stations for the study of the effect of environ- ment on chemical composition of wheat and other cereals and to ascer- tain the most reliable methods for judging the quality of the soils from their chemical constitution. Stupy OF WATERS USED IN IRRIGATION. The study of the character of waters used in irrigation, especially in the growing of rice, has been begun, to determine the quantity of injurious salts which these waters may contain and the quantities of this water which may be safely used upon the fields. ESTABLISHMENT OF Nrw LABORATORIES. New laboratories have been established to study the effects of pre- servatives and other added substances upon the health of the consumer, with the view of determining the character and amount of such sub- stances which may be safely used in such foods without injury to public health. A contract laboratory has also been established for the purpose of ascertaining the quality and quantity of materials purchased for the Department of Agriculture and other Departments of the Govern- ment, and to establish specifications for such supplies, based on phys- ical and chemical properties. A drug laboratory has been established also to study the character, standard, and adulteration of drug products. The larger portion of the drugs in commerce are of agricultural and horticultural origin, and LXXX REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. the necessity of securing purity and conformity to standards in articles of this kind is evident. Dangerous narcotics and poisonous substances should not be indiscriminately sold, and drugs intended for ordinary therapeutical purposes should conform to the standards laid down by competent authorities. Work FOR OTHER DEPARTMENTS. The Bureau of Chemistry is constantly increasing the services ren- dered to other Departments of the Government. This is especiaily true in respect of its collaborative work with the Treasury Department in controlling the polarizations of sugars, and in assisting the appraisers in the classification of other imported articles where the rate of duty depends upon chemical and physical characters. Extensive studies have also been conducted for the Post-Office Department in regard to the character of canceling inks and stamps used therewith. Similar investigations have been conducted for the Bureau of Engraving and Printing in regard to colors used for print- ing bank notes, bonds, and other Government securities. All of this work is of a nature which is highly important to the pub- lic service, and is conducted largely on agricultural products. DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. Work on INSECTS FROM ABROAD. THE SAN JOSE SCALE AND ITS ASIATIC LADYBIRD ENEMY. In the report of last year attention was called to the exploration which was being conducted by the First Assistant Entomologist, Mr. Marlatt, in Japan and China, to discover, if possible, the native home of the San Jose scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus), and also to find native parasites and enemies which might be imported to control or at least check the damage which is done by this insect in the deciduous orchards of this country. Mr. Marlatt’s exploration of Japan demon- strated that the San Jose scale is not a native of that country, as many of our entomologists had supposed, but, on the contrary, that it had come to Japan comparatively recently on imported nursery stock, and been thus spread somewhat generally over the islands of the Japanese Empire. Subsequent to the time covered by the report for 1901, viz, in the late summer and fall of that year, Mr. Marlatt extended his explorations to China, examining the coast region from Shanghai northward to Pekin. The evidence from native fruits and wild plants in the region about Pekin and south of the Great Wall established very clearly that the original home of the San Jose scale was in this region. In brief, this scale insect was found on wild haw apples, native REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. LXXXI crab apples, and native pears grown in the region indicated where no foreign fruit stock had ever been introduced. Furthermore, it was found in scattering numbers everywhere, just as one would expect in the native home of a pest of this sort where it is normally kept in check by natural enemies. There can be no doubt that at last its original home has been located. It was probably brought to America many years ago on imported Chinese flowering peaches or some other ornamental or flowering shrub from this region, hay- ing first appeared in the gardens of a great importer of ornamental and other plants in San Jose, Cal. A very interesting fact in connec- tion with this discovery was the finding in this same region of a lady- bird which preys on it naturally and seems to be the principal agent in preventing its often becoming very abundant and injurious. This ladybird (Chilecorus similis), a European and Asiatic species, in China feeds naturally on the San Jose scale and related forms, as also on the white peach scale, a very troublesome pest, which has recently gained foothold in our Eastern and Southern States. . Several shipments of this beetle were made by Mr. Marlatt, some from Japan and some from China. Unfortunately, all perished but two, this mortality resulting from the long confinement of the six or seven weeks’ trip from Asia and the unfavorable conditions under which they were kept in Washington during the winter. From the two surviving individuals more than 2,000 beetles and larvee are now on scale-covered trees on the Department grounds. In addition to these, shipments of some thousand beetles have been already made to other points in the East, a number of experiment station entomologists having expressed a desire to assist in the work of propagating, distributing, and establishing this useful ladybird. This importation promises most flattering results at present. It is, however, still an experiment, and what the ultimate benefit will be can only be determined after a two or three years’ test. We hope to establish this ladybird in this country and to get from it some of the good results, at least, which it evidently accomplishes in China and Japan. It probably will not render it unnecessary in the future to occasionally spray or otherwise treat infested trees in commercial orchards, but it probably will be of very great assistance in keeping in check the San Jose scale in the thousands of gardens and small orchards of individuals who have no commercial interest at stake and who would not, ordinarily, take any means to keep this scale insect from multiplying on their trees, thus forming centers for contagion. IMPORTATIONS OF OTHER BENEFICIAL INSECTS. The preliminary attempts to introduce the European enemies of the gipsy moth have been continued. The difficulties attending the impor- tation of the predaceous beetles from Europe to America are consid- AGR 1902 VI LXXXII REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. erable, and to get them established in this country will demand the careful cooperation of agents or interested individuals on the other side. The black scale of the orange is the most destructive, perhaps, of all the orange pests in California, and the South African parasite of this scale insect, which we have been endeavoring to establish in California for the last year or two, still gives promise of ultimately becoming a fixture and doing the good service in our Western orange districts which it now does in South Africa and in Italy. The history of this importation was given in my report of last year. A recent letter from Mr. Alexander Craw, who is looking out for this experiment in California, reports that the parasite is breeding abundantly. With a beginning of only two female insects kept in captivity, he had sent out to different localities up to July of this year (1902) 25 colonies. The very important European parasite of the larger scale insects such as the Lecaniums and mealy bugs (/vastria scitula) seems on the way to be successfully established in California. It is believed that the introduction of this insect into our citrus and olive districts will be of the greatest advantage to the growers of these fruits. With the cooperation of Mr. Craw, the horticultural quarantine officer, and Mr. Ehrhorn, of Santa Clara, these insects have already been liberated in Santa Clara, Los Angeles, and Niles, Cal., and the outcome of this effort at the introduction of a useful insect will be watched with interest, and the utmost care will be taken to bring it to a successful issue. Another foreign insect promising great usefulness in a different direction, imported during the past year, is the European ladybird (Coccinella septempunctata) sent from Hungary through the kindness of Professor Sajo. These ladybirds feed on plant lice, and should be an efficient aid in controlling the destructive insects of this class which infest cotton, peas, melons, and other vegetables, and the fruits. Some of these insects have been sent to Mr. Craw, in California, where they give promise of becoming established; others to various Eastern experiment station entomologists, and they have also been colonized in the District of Columbia. Another ladybird (Leis conformis), a plant-lice feeder also, was imported from Italy and liberated in Cali- fornia. A further importation of this species may be necessary to effect its establishment here. This entomological work of an international character has not been altogether one-sided. In other words, while we have been importing foreign insects and have been receiving a good deal of gratuitous assist- ance by entomologists abroad in this work, we have paid our debts, toa certain extent, by sending to foreign countries some of our beneficial insects. The extraordinary success in preventing damage from the white scale, once a great orange pest in California, by the introduc- tion of the Australian ladybird, has been duplicated, as made evident REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. LXXXIII in former reports, in many foreign lands, notably South Africa, Por- tugal, and Egypt. During the last year colonies were sent from Cali- fornia, at our request, to Dr. Antonio Berlese, Portici, Italy, where this same white scale had established itself. Recent reports indicate that this exportation has proved to be another of the series of suc- cesses which has attended this insect wherever it has been sent to work against its notable scale-insect host. A colony of this ladybird has recently been sent, by request of the local board of agriculture, to Papeiti, Society Islands. We have also had sent, through the kind- ness of Mr. Craw, various beneficial ladybirds to the Bermuda Islands to assist in keeping in check the noxious scale insects occurring on those islands. THe SoutH AFRICAN GRASSHOPPER FUNGUS. The report of last year noted the beginning of an experiment to determine the effectiveness of the African grasshopper fungus as a means of destroying various forms of destructive locusts. The experi- ment has been continued the present year and much extended, the intention being to give this fungus a thorough and practical test to demonstrate whether it can really be counted on as a means of con- trolling the locust or not. The number of experimenters last year during the entire season was 223. During the summer of 1902 cultures of the fungus were sent to nearly 1,000 individuals, not including the perhaps even greater number of cultures which have been locally prepared by various individuals, and especially by Prof. C. P. Gillette, of the Colorado State Agricultural College, who has taken charge of the culture preparations and their distribution in his State. These cultures have been sent out to 25 different States and Territories. Results have not yet been tabulated, but some successes have been reported. It now seems probable that very great reliance can not be placed on this fungous disease. Either it does not work with our grasshoppers as readily as it does with the South African locust or our climate makes our species of grasshopper more resistant or the fungus less operative. Tue Fie Fertmizine Insect. Asa further report of progress on the introduction and establish- ment of the fig-fertilizing insect in California referred to in previous reports and especially summarized in the report for 1901, it may be said for the year 1902 that thousands of figs containing the insects suc- cessfully withstood the winter climate of California, and an unlimited amount of fig insects was available at the proper time for caprification in the spring of 1902, resulting in the production of some 50 tons of Smyrna figs in the sole commercial orchard in existence at present, that of Mr. George C. Roeding, at Fresno. It was further found that AGR 1902——6 LXXXIV REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. the fig insect successfully hibernates at Niles, Cal., and there is now no longer any danger of its dying out. In other words, the entomo- logical problem of Smyrna fig culture in America is solved, and what remains to be done belongs rather to the domain of horticulture, namely, the introduction of more caprifig trees, improvement in the methods of curing and drying the fruit, and the determination of the regions throughout the arid West suitable to the industry. The prac- tical success of Smyrna fig culture in California is now only a matter of time.. In a very few years Smyrna fig orchards will be in bearing in many places in California and doubtless in other Western States where climatic conditions are favorable. As stated in the report for 1901, Mr. Roeding spent nearly a year in Smyrna studying the methods of fig culture in that country under a commission from this Department. Much valuable data was obtained, for the most part appertaining to the horticultural side of the problem. The future of this industry, which promises to be one of the great ones of the arid region of the West, becomes more promising every year. WorkK ON THE Mexican Corron Bota, WEEVIL. The work on the Mexican cotton boll weevil reported in 1901 has been continued, and has the present season been given a very practical status by means of the specific appropriation by Congress for the pur- pose of $20,000. A field experiment is being conducted on two cotton plantations, one of 200 and the other of 125 acres, under the control and direct management of the Entomologist, to demonstrate that by proper methods the damage from the boll weevil can be so reduced as not to be a serious menace to the production of this important staple in the region in Texas already invaded by the weevil. In spite of the delayed beginning this year, owing to the late date at which the appropriation was available, the entomological side of this field experiment has been thoroughly successful, and the weevil has been practically eliminated from the plantations under Depart- mental control. The cotton season, however, in Texas has been the most disastrous one climatically in twenty-five years, and this will prevent the cotton yield on these plantations coming up to the average, the lessened yield, however, in no wise being chargeable to the boll weevil. It is urged that the means for continuing this investigation be provided, as it is one of the very greatest importance for the whole cotton industry of the South. There can be very little doubt but that ultimately the Mexican boll weevil will spread to the adjoining State of Louisiana, and thence across the cotton belt east of the Mississippi, and is capable of becoming one of the most destructive insects in America. If, on the other hand, the Department can demonstrate by practical field work that the weevil can be controlled, as indicated by REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. LXXXV the preliminary experiment this year, it will have the effect of influ- encing planters generally, in Texas and elsewhere, to adopt the same methods, and thus avoid much of the loss which this insect threatens. In this connection, reference may be made to the Egyptian cot- ton which, by newspaper report and otherwise, has been somewhat exploited as immune to the boll weevil. This misconception is capable of doing harm,-inasmuch as the Egyptian cotton is rather more subject to weevil damage than the variety of cotton ordinarily grown in Texas. In a field of Egyptian cotton near San Antonio practically every square was punctured by December 12, and the weevils had begun to attack the bolls, half of which had at that date been destroyed. The fact that Egyptian cotton seems to be later in maturing than the smaller American plant causes it to be much more liable to damage by the boll weevil. The same conditions with Egyptian cotton were also noted on another plantation. In the fall of 1902, after the close of the active field work of the season, the agent in charge made some very desirable explorations in Mexico, more especially to investigate the subject of natural enemies. Important biological and life history studies have been prosecuted in Texas and the present range of- the insect has been carefully mapped. Work ON THE CopLING MorH IN THE NORTHWEST. The work done on the codling moth in the Northwest has been con- tinued with very satisfactory results. A detailed report of this work has been published. The work the present year has been of a very practical character, a successful orchard demonstration having been conducted which showed that it is possible to prevent much of the damage which is now annually suffered from the codling moth. Work on Insects DAMAGING FORESTS. During the first half of the year several important investigations were made of forest insect depredations by Dr. A. D. Hopkins, of the West Virginia experiment station, who was employed at the request of Mr. Gifford Pinchot, of the Bureau of Forestry, asa temporary agent of the Division of Entomology for the purpose. Great loss of pine tim- ber, to the amount of more than 600,000,000 feet (board measure) in the Black Hills Forest Reserve, has resulted from the work of a bark- beetle mining under the bark of living trees. Numerous facts have been determined relative to the life history of this insect, and it has been possible to detail practical methods, the adoption of which will largely decrease future losses. A report of this investigation has been published, Another investigation was of hickory and other forest trees near Geneseo, N. Y. The hickories had been killed by a bark beetle, the damage having already gone beyond repair for most of the region LXXXVI REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. invaded. Had an earlier report of the difficulty been made to the office, a prompt application of known methods of control would have prevented this loss. A special report of this investigation will soon be published. The damage occasioned by this hickory bark beetle seems to be quite general throughout the Northern United States, and will receive considerable attention in the future, especially now that Dr. Hopkins has been regularly appointed to the Division of Ento- mology as expert in forestry insects. A study of the insect enemies of Eastern, Southern, and Western pine forests has been begun to determine, if possible, the primary causes of the serious insect damage now being done to pine timber of western North and South Carolina, northern Georgia, southern Florida, the white pine or silver pine of the Pacific slope, the Monterey pine, California, and the pines of Arizona and Colorado. The regions designated have been given a preliminary survey to determine existing conditions, and it is expected that by the close of the next fiscal year it will be possible to have a report ready for publication on the principal pine insects of North America, which will include brief popular descriptions of the more important insects, with illustrations, and recommendations for pre- venting losses. Work ON SCALE INSECTS. The important work of the year on scale insects has been the inves- tigation of the San Jose scale in China and Japan, referred to under ‘*Work on insects from abroad.” The experimental work on the San Jose scale at home has been continued, and a circular (No. 42) deserib- ing the methods of controlling this insect has been revised to include the results of the latest information on methods of treatment. The Division of Entomology of this Department is looked upon as the chief source of information upon scale insects, few of the experiment stations having collections or literature sufficient to enable the deter- mination of specimens; hence much work is done every year in deter- mining material for station entomologists and for private individuals throughout the country. In addition, many large collections of scale insects have been received for study and determination from foreign countries, notably from Australia, New Zealand, the Bermudas, and Italy. In the course of the trip of exploration made by Mr. Marlatt in Japan and China, Java, and other countries in the Orient, a particular study was made of the scale enemies of citrus and other fruit trees, and large collections of this class of pests were brought home from the countries visited. The knowledge gained from this study will be of great prac- tical importance. It will acquaint us with the scale pests of these countries, which are being brought into closer commercial relations with the United States, a knowledge which is desirable because these REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. TEX XOX EL insects are more apt in the future than in the past to reach our shores through importations of fruit trees and ornamental stock. The scale insects of foreign countries are perhaps the most important pests to be considered in all quarantine and other operations looking to the pro- tection of our growers from foreign invasions, since these insects live for the most part attached to the bark of trees and are much more apt to be brought in with plants than are other insects. Insects InJuRIOUS TO SHADE TREES. Many complaints of insects affecting shade trees have been received in recent years, and among these are several important foreign species, which have been under investigation during the year. Insects Insurtous to Truck Crops. The studies already under way on destructive insects affecting truck crops have been actively followed up, and an extensive report on the principal insects that have recently been injurious to vegetable crops has recently been issued. A number of insects injurious to legu- minous food crops received considerable attention, and the new facts discovered in the life histories of some of them are of value in sug- vesting means of control. Work on Insects Insurtous To STORED PRopUCTS. Certain insects of this class are increasing their ravages. The Mediterranean flour moth, which is the most troublesome of all insects that are harmful in flouring mills, was reported as injurious in mills in new localities in California, and in Michigan, Wisconsin, and Min- nesota. The Angoumois grain moth has also increased in injuriousness in a number of States, particularly northward and in California. The cigarette beetle has been very destructive during the past season. Thorough investigations were conducted with a view to find a remedy for this pest, and much of value was learned and published. An exotic cabinet beetle did much injury to silk in New Jersey and to domestic tanned leather in New York City, its introduction being traceable to the introduction of foreign hides. In the treatment of the insects which affect stored products, recent experiments with hydrocyanic-acid gas indicate that this remedy may, in course of time, be found more valuable than the bisulphide of carbon usually employed in the treatment of many such insects. W ork On INSECTS IN THEIR DtrEcT RELATION TO THE HEALTH OF MAN. Insects as conveyers of disease to human beings have been the sub- ject of special research by the Entomologist for the past three years. A popular article on this topic was published in the Yearbook for LXXXVIII REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 1901, and has since been reprinted in more popular form. During the past summer many inquiries have been received requesting infor- mation and advice on the subject of mosquito and fly control, and these have been answered by the publication in question and by specific advice. This investigation is being actively prosecuted; the field is a very large one and of the greatest importance. While perhaps the principal insects responsible for the transmission of disease have received study, there remains very much yet to be learned of them, and, furthermore, the Entomologist is in frequent receipt of new material from this and other countries, and is constantly discovering new facts bearing on this general problem. UNcLASSIFIED Work ON IngurRrIouUS INSECTs. During the fiscal year investigations were taken up on supposed insect damage to cocoanut and other palms in Cuba, Florida, and in British Honduras. An article on the principal insects which act as disseminators of the trouble locally termed ‘‘ fever,” and due to a fungous disease, includes suggestions for methods of prevention of the dissemination of the disease. | InsEcT DETERMINATIONS. An important line of work is the identification and maintenance of records of the habits of injurious insects received from correspondents, field agents, and others to serve as a basis for determining the best means of controlling them. During the fiscal year 226 species not hitherto studied at this Department received more or less attention, and the catalogue number of biological series thus studied now reaches 9,667. | The time of two expert assistant entomologists and several minor assistants and aids is devoted to the preparation of material for per- manent storage in the United States National Museum, for exchange with other institutions, and for illustration and description. EXPERIMENTAL WorRK WITH INSECTICIDES. During the year a considerable number of experiments with insecti- cides and other methods of controlling insect depredations have been conducted. A great many insecticide substances are constantly being advertised, and many of them are sent tothe Entomologist for experi- mental examination and test either from purchasers or the manufac- turers. Most of these are of very little value, or are combinations of old and well-known insecticide substances, sold, however, as a rule, under their new form at many times their real cost. The assistance. of the Chemist has been invoked to determine the composition of these substances, and he has recently established a special section for insec- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. LXXxXix ticide analysis and investigation in cooperation with the Division of Entomology. To determine the feasibility of eradicating household insects by fumigation with hydrocyanic-acid gas several valuable experimental operations have been conducted, with the result of the establishment of the complete practicability of disinfecting houses by this means. This poisonous gas can be used without risk to human life if the oper- ation is carried on with proper precautions, but no one is advised to undertake it without haying fully acquainted himself with the steps in the process as indicated in Circular No. 46 of the Entomologist’s office. - SILK INVESTIGATIONS. The silk investigations authorized by the last Congress have been placed in the charge of the Entomologist. Miss Henrietta A. Kelly has been employed as special agent in silk culture in the South, and is charged with the preparation of a manual of instructions which it is expected will be ready for publication and distribution this fall. She will also look over the ground and select suitable locations for model silk plantations and rearing establishments which may serve as schools of instruction where interested persons and others may come and acquire familiarity with all the steps in the care of caterpillars and the handling of cocoons. The Entomologist, Dr. Howard, during the summer made a careful examination of the silk industry of southern France and of Italy, studying especially the methods of reeling silk and silk manufacturing establishments, mulberry culture, and breeding methods. He has also arranged for the purchase of ** seed” or silk- worm eggs which can be relied upon as free from disease, and has negotiated for the importation of desirable mulberry stock. It is the intention to follow up this investigation by establishing experimental stations in the South, by cooperative work with some of the agricul- tural experiment stations which have expressed the wish to assist us in the investigation of silk culture, and also to establish at some suita- ble point a practicable reeling plant so that the silk cocoons produced in small quantities may be purchased and reeled and the product marketed. APICULTURAL INVESTIGATIONS. In apiculture the work has included an importation of select breed- ing queens from Italy and smaller importations from Austria and Cyprus. These were forwarded to experiment stations and to bee raisers in different sections of the country. Very favorable reports from these queens have been received, notably from southern Califor- nia, where, it was stated, while black bees were doing nothing, the Cyprians from the Department importation gathered a fair crop, double the yield also of the best Italians. Various crosses were made XC REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. between these races and some promising strains secured, one result being that the irritability of some excellent honey gatherers can be modified by using males of gentler races in the crosses. DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY. The Biological Survey is charged by Congress with three distinct lines of investigation, each of which is organized as an independent section of coordinate value with the ordinary Departmental division. The first, or Biological Survey proper, studies the geographical dis- tribution of mammals, birds, and plants with reference to the climatic factors governing distribution, and from this study prepares maps showing the boundaries of the natural life zones and crop belts of the country; the second, or Section of Economic Ornithology, studies the food and food habits of birds with relation to agriculture and horti- culture; the third deals with matters of game preservation and intro- duction. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY. California and Texas, owing to their great size, the diversity and commercial value of their agricultural products, and their promise of far greater development in future, have unusual claims on the Bio- logical Survey. In California the work is peculiarly difficult by rea- son of the extraordinary diversity of the topography and climatic conditions. Not only are there torrid valleys below the level of the sea, and alpine summits towering to elevations above the limit of plant growth; there are also areas of excessive humidity, of frequent fogs and heavy rainfall, and areas of excessive aridity, hotter and drier than the Sahara, where perpetual sunshine is the rule and years some- times pass without rain. Owing to the trend of the principal mountains and the influence of the coast fogs, the zones run in the main north and south instead of east and west. Some of the large interior valleys, notably the Salinas, act as flues through which a great volume of fog flows daily at certain seasons, lowering the temperature and increasing the humidity for a distance of 75 miles or more. These great rivers of fog cut off the sun, lower the temperature, and increase the humidity, and by over- flowing through canyons and side valleys also reach and exert their influence in numerous tributary valleys and basins, some of which lie between the main fog river and the coast. In these cases the usual conditions are reversed, for ordinarily the valleys of the coast ranges in retreating from the sea toward the interior receive less and less fog and more and more heat and sunshine. Each valley and each moun- tain slope therefore has its own climatic individuality and its own capacity or adaptability for particular agricultural and horticultural crops. Some are cool enough for apples, cherries, and the sugar beet; REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. KOI others warm enough for almonds, raisin grapes, and citrus fruits. - And in the case of some of those in which the same crops may be cul- tivated with equal success, these crops mature at widely different dates. Thus oranges ripen in southern California from January to April; on the Santa Barbara plain, in July and August; at Oroville, in November and December. Similarly, peaches mature at different points in north- ern California from May to September, and in Los Angeles as late as November. Cherries are ready for market in Vaca Valley in March and April, while in neighboring valleys they do not ripen until May and June. The great commercial importance of these differences in time of ripening of fruits is obvious. The native fauna and flora of a region afford a suggestion as to its climatic peculiarities and agricultural possibilities, assisting one to con- clude what farm crops and varieties of fruit will or will not be likely to succeed ina particular place. The Biological Survey is making a critical study of this subject, and is engaged in the preparation of maps showing the natural distribution of the faunal and floral areas and con- sequent courses of the crop belts, and is also preparing lists of the par- ticular kinds and varieties of crops and fruits likely to succeed in each. The labor of tracing the zone boundaries in California is one of infinite detail, and is rendered still more difficult by the absence of accurate topographic base maps, except of the areas already mapped by the United States Geological Survey. In addition to the work in California and Texas, some field work has been done in Montana, the Dakotas, Nebraska, Kansas, Indian Ter- ritory, New Mexico, Mexico, and Canada. THE PRAIRIE DOG SCOURGE. The extension of ranching on the Great Plains has led to serious, widespread, and reiterated complaints of steadily increasing losses from the depredations of prairie dogs. The increase in these pests is the natural result of the destruction of their enemies, chiefly coyotes and the larger hawks. Assistants were sent to various points in the afflicted area, from Montana to Texas, and much information was col- lected. As a result a circular of directions for the destruction of prairie dogs has been published, and an article on the subject was con- tributed to the Yearbook for 1901. SECTION OF Economic ORNITHOLOGY. During the year field work on the food habits of birds has been carried on in California and Maryland, and the stomachs of considera- bly more than 2,000 birds have been examined in the laboratory. Of these, 1,000 were of the game birds, 500 of sparrows, and the remain- der distributed among other groups of economic value. A bulletin on XCIl REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. the food of sparrows has been published, one on the food of game _ birds is well advanced, and one including the results of an extended economic study of birds on a Maryland farm has gone to press. For many years California fruit growers have complained of the destruction of buds and fruit by birds. In order to gain definite knowledge on this subject, the chief of the section was sent to Califor- nia, where he spent several months studying the food habits of birds in the great fruit-growing districts. Besides observing the food habits and collecting the stomachs of birds killed in the fruit trees, he noted and collected the kinds of wild fruits and seeds, and also the insects found in the immediate neighborhood of the orchards, for aid in identifying the stomach contents of the birds. SECTION OF GAME PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION. Work under the Lacey Act has been continued along three prin- cipal lines: (1) Publication of information on game protection; (2) improvement in the inspection service guarding the importation of foreign birds and mammals; (3) cooperation in restricting illegal interstate shipment of game. Yompilations and synopses of game laws have been issued and widely distributed, and are in constant demand. Among the most popular and useful of these are digests of the game laws and of the laws protecting nongame birds for the current year. An annual directory of State officials and organizations dealing with matters of game protection was also published. During the year 287 permits were issued for the entry of about 200 mammals and 50,000 birds. The imported birds may be classed under two heads—game birds introduced for propagation and birds bought to supply the trade in cage birds. The latter greatly exceed the former in number. The inspection service, which now includes the principal ports of entry of both coasts, and also Honolulu, Hawaii, is now maintained by fees paid by the importers. Importers complain of this, and the Department would be glad to place the inspection service on a permanent basis should Congress make the necessary appropriation. By strict economy the service could be maintained at the three most important ports of entry at a total cost of $1,000 per annum. DIVISION OF STATISTICS. The work of the Division of Statistics has been continued on the usual lines. With a view to further improving its crop-reporting service two additional field agents have been appointed, and the statistical expert who has for some years had charge of the crop statistics of foreign countries competing with the United States has been sent to London, England, where he is in closer touch with the statistical offices of REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. XCIIil the different European Governments, whose reports, along with the most authoritative commercial intelligence of interest to American agriculturists, he transmits to Washington by mail or cable from time to time. In cooperation with the State Agricultural College of Minnesota a statistical investigation is being conducted by the Division of Statistics into methods of farming, the results of which will have an important bearing on such questions as the relative profitableness of crops, the economical utilization of farm labor, etc. The work of this Division will shortly form the subject of a special ‘report to Congress. OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORK OF THE OFFICE. The functions of the Office of Experiment Stationy nave been enlarged in several directions during the past year, and the enterprises previously in its charge have become more extensive. Especial efforts have been made to aid the movement for the strengthening of agri- cultural education and research through the more definite formulation of agricultural science and the more thorough training of agricultural experts. For this purpose the work of this Office, in connection with the Graduate School of Agriculture, as described elsewhere in this report, has proved to be unusually successful and effective. Attempts have also been made to call the attention of the agricultural public and the managers of educational systems to the great desirability of making agricultural subjects a part of the curriculum of secondary and elementary schools. The development of the farmers’ institutes as effective agencies for the dissemination of the results of the work of this Department and the experiment stations has also received atten- tion. The agricultural experiment stations under the direct manage- - ment of this Office in Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico have been put upon a firm basis, and much progress has been made in developing useful lines of work in these regions. The Office has been brought into closer relations with the institu- tions for agricultural research in foreign countries through work involved in the preparation of a bulletin setting forth the organization, resources, and lines of work of these institutions. By this means our knowledge of these foreign institutions has been greatly broadened, and it will be more feasible hereafter to secure definite information regarding their work which will be useful to similar institutions in this country. Both the legal and engineering features of the irri- gation investigations have been enlarged, and a beginning has been made of investigations in other lines of agricultural engineering which have hitherto been neglected by this Department. Improvements XCIV REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. have been made in the apparatus and methods for nutrition investiga- tions. The results of these investigations have been more effectively brought to the attention of teachers of physiology and domestic science, and beginnings have been made of what it is hoped may develop a systematic study of dietaries in public institutions. With the expansion of its work the amount of useful material pre- pared for publication in this Office has materially increased. Special efforts have been made during the past year to publish this material in forms which will contribute to its effective and economical distri- bution. The performance of duties growing out of the relations of the Department with the Civil Service Commission has also involved considerable work. With the constant and rapid growth of the system of agricultural education and research in this and other countries the general business of the Office in its relations with outside institutions is necessarily enlarged from year to year. PROGRESS OF THE EXPERIMENT STATIONS. The feature of the progress of agricultural institutions in this country which has attracted most attention during the past year is the rapid increase in the public interest in these institutions. This is shown in the increase in the number of students in agricultural col- leges and schools, in the larger attendance at the farmers’ institutes, in the enlarged correspondence and mailing lists of the stations, in the increased demand for trained workers in agricultural and other busi- ness enterprises requiring scientific and expert knowledge and skill for their most successful management, and in the wider space given to agricultural education and research in agricultural and other journals. . During the year a number of new institutions for investigations In agriculture have been established in different States. The State legis- latures have continued to be very liberal with the agricultural colleges and experiment stations. Over half a million dollars annually are now contributed by the States to the maintenance of the experiment stations. Evidences of the influence of station work in improving agricultural practice and benefiting the farming interests of the country continue to multiply. This influence is felt in all of the various phases of agri- cultural operations. It is possible here to briefly refer to only a few recent examples of the practical benefits which are being derived from investigations by the experiment stations. The origination and introduction of improved varieties of cereals through the agency of the stations of the grain-growing region, coop- erating with this Department, is resulting in a vast increase of the grain-producing capacity of the country. As an illustration of this it may be cited that a variety of oats imported by the Department and REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. XCV tested and improved by the Wisconsin station, among others, has been widely distributed and grown, with results which indicate that its gen- eral introduction will be followed by an average increase of yield which may be safely estimated at from 3 to 5 bushels per acre. As the acre- age of oats in Wisconsin alone in 1901 was, according to our statis- tician, 2,290,288, producing 66,647,381 bushels, worth $25,992,479, this ‘would mean a gain to the farmers of Wisconsin aay of moe $2,400,000 to $4,400,000 on the oat crop aione. Marked improvement in the yield and quality of wheat in the North- western States is resulting from the distribution of improved varieties originated by the Minnesota station. One of the results of the work of the Illinois station on the breeding of corn has been the formation of the Ilinois Seed Corn Breeders’ Association, a chartered organization, with a limited membership of reputable and well-known corn growers, pledged to select and grow their seed corn according to definite rules formulated by the station and to sell only their own crop. The suc- cess of this enterprise has been phenomenal. All of the available sup- ply of the improved seed is rapidly disposed of to farmers and much of it is engaged in advance. The work of this station on corn is prov- ing to be far-reaching in its results, not only in improving the general quality of seed corn, but in inducing practical men to undertake breeding for special qualities—for protein, for oil, or for starch— which the station has demonstrated to be entirely feasible. The influ- ence of station investigations is also being widely exerted in the grain- growing region in the introduction of rotations to conserve soil fertility in place of the exhaustive system of continuous grain cropping here- tofore generally followed. The beneficial effects of the work of the stations in the older States on fertilizers are becoming every year more apparent in the economical purchase and intelligent use of fertilizers by farmers. For example, as a direct result of the investigations and advice of the New Jersey station, organizations of farmers have been formed in the truck-grow- ing districts of that State for the purchase of unmixed fertilizing materi- als, thus effecting a saving of from 25 to 40 per cent in the cost of their fertilizers, and at the same time securing better results as regards earliness, yield, and quality of product. The recent introduction into a number of States of a system of inspection by the stations of feeding stuffs, similar to that which has been in force for some time for fertilizers, furnishes a very effective means of protecting farmers against fraud and of inculcating correct ideas regarding feeds and feeding. It is encouraging to note that in many States farmers are now following very closely the advice of the stations regarding the purchase of concentrated feeds and the balancing of rations made from home-grown products. The rapid extension of the rational use of silage and the very XCVI REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. general adoption of the round form of silo is directly traceable to experiment station influence. Through the efforts of the Department and the stations, the applica- tion of insecticides and fungicides as means of protection against injurious insects and plant diseases has become almost universal, and the benefits and profits resulting from the practice are no longer questioned. Striking evidence of the readiness with which farmers — and fruit growers will now adopt promising means of plant protection is furnished by the fact that the method of formaldehyde treatment of smut of oats, proposed by one of the stations, was almost immediately put into use by over 25,000 farmers in the State of Wisconsin alone, with the prospect that the number using the method will be vastly increased the next year. As the estimated loss from oat smut in Wis- consin varies from $3,000,000 to $7,000,000 annually, according to the season and other conditions, the value of an effective means of preven- tion of the disease can be readily estimated. The Utah station has achieved notable success in its study of the extent to which dry farming, that is, farming on lands in the arid region which can not be irrigated, may be practiced with profit and the conditions necessary to success. This work is bearing fruit in the rapid extension on a safe basis of what has heretofore been a very precarious system. . So rapidly has the demand for the services of agricultural experts spread in different directions that the workers in this service have in many instances been overworked, or, at least, have been forced to dis- sipate their energies in attempts to cover too many fields. There is, therefore, a most urgent necessity that the number of workers in our agricultural institutions should be increased so as to permit proper specialization of work. The station investigators must be relieved of teaching, lecturing at farmers’ institutes, and other services, which, while important in themselves, distract their attention, dissipate their energies, and seriously hinder the progress of effective investigations. It will be of little use to construct expensive laboratories and equip them with elaborate apparatus unless they are manned with first-class investigators. There is nothing new in this proposition, but the progress of agricultural institutions in this country in recent years makes it imperative that the work of the experiment stations and of this Department as the source of new knowledge on agricultural problems should be raised to the highest grade and kept there. The wider the work of the agricultural colleges, schools, farmers’ institutes, and other agencies for the education of our rural population becomes the more important is it that the institutions of research in agriculture should be the best that human wisdom can devise. It is now necessary to insist on this more strongly than ever before, and it will be neces- sary to reiterate it until the managers of agricultural institutions and REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. XCVII the friends of agricultural progress accept this principle in practice as well as in theory. Under present conditions a large number of the experiment-station workers are attempting too many different kinds of work, and the progress of the station is seriously hindered from this cause. One result of the lack of a sufficient number of well-trained and experienced workers in our agricultural institutions is that the best men are constantly being shifted from one institution to another or are departing to outside enterprises offering larger salaries and other attractions. The past year has witnessed an unusually large number of such changes in the personnel of the experiment stations. This is a very serious matter, since the time element in the conduct of agri- cultural investigations is an important one. Until the tenure of office in our stations is much more stable than at present we must expect that there will be much waste of work and funds in incomplete investi- gations due to the frequent shifting of the officers in charge. There is also need of increased funds for the general expenses connected with agricultural investigations. COOPERATION OF THE STATIONS WITH THE DEPARTMENT. uring the past year many cooperative enterprises between the differ- ent Bureaus and Divisions of this Department and the experiment stations have been continued and contracts have been made for a considerable number of new investigations onthisplan. In ordertomore clearly define the conditions under which such cooperative arrange- ments should be made a plan was formulated for conducting this work and transmitted to the directors of stations as well as to the chiefs of Bureaus and Divisions of the Department. This has cleared away some difficulties hitherto attending arrangements with the stations, and especially has defined the responsibilities of both the Department and stations in such enterprises. The work undertaken conjointly with the stations is of the most varied character, but under the system devised there is no friction, and it is believed that much good will result to both the Department and the stations by this close union of interests. In all cases the gen- eral policy is to bring about a definite and clear understanding regard- ing the responsibilities of the Department and the stations, and when this is accomplished the carrying out of the details is a comparatively simple matter. The Department is not concerned with local State problems, but there are questions not bounded by State lines which the Department can take up, and which, with the cooperation of one or more stations, should be earnestly investigated. In this way the Department becomes the medium for the combining of interests in a way that will be helpful to all. AGR 1902-——vit XCVIIT REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. GRADUATE SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE. A new enterprise in agricultural education has been inaugurated by the establishment of the Graduate School of Agriculture, which held a four weeks’ session during the month of July, 1902, at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. The plan for this school was originated by Prof. Thomas F. Hunt, dean of the college of agricul- ture and domestic science of the Ohio State University, the purpose being to establish a school for advanced students of agriculture at which leading teachers and investigators of the agricultural colleges and experiment stations and this Department should present in some regular way summaries of the recent progress of agricultural science, illustrate improved methods of teaching agricultural subjects, and afford a somewhat extended opportunity for the discussion of live topics drawn from the rapidly advancing science of agriculture. This idea received the cordial support of President Thompson of the Ohio State University, and on the recommendations of these two men the board of trustees of the university voted to establish such a school and generously made provision for the financial support of its first session. The Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations at its convention in 1901 favored the plan for the school and voted that, if the success of the first session seemed to justify its con- tinuance, it be made a cooperative enterprise under the control of the association. Believing this movement to be in line with the objects for which this Department was created, I gave it my cordial approval, and on my advice the Director of the Office of Experiment Stations consented to act as dean, and other officers of the Department of Agri- culture to be members of its faculty. Under these favorable auspices there was little difficulty in securing a strong faculty.. As actually organized, this included 35 men, of whom 26 are professors in agricul- tural colleges, 7 are leading officers of the Department of Agriculture, and 2 are officers of the New York State experiment station. Courses were offered in agronomy, zootechny, dairying, and breeding of plants and animals. The school was housed in the substantial and well- equipped agricultural building of the Ohio State University, where were illustrated the most improved apparatus of instruction in soil physics, dairying, and other agricultural subjects. Besides the live stock of the university farm, leading breeders of Ohio furnished choice animals for the stock-judging exercises. General problems of agricultural science and pedagogy were dis- cussed at the inaugural exercises and at Saturday morning conferences. Among the topics thus treated were the history of agricultural educa- tion and research in the United States; the organization of agricul- tural education in colleges, secondary schools, nature-study courses, ~ correspondence courses, farmers’ institutes, and various forms of REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. XCIX university extension; what constitutes a science of agriculture; methods and values of cooperative experiments. Through social assemblies, visits to typical Ohio farms, and much informal discussion wherever the students met each other, the educational influences of the school were greatly extended. Seventy-five students were in attendance. These were drawn from 28 States and Territories, includ- ing such widely separated regions as Maine, Oregon, California, New Mexico, and Alabama. There was one student from Canada and one from Argentina. There was also one woman, and the colored race was represented by teachers from the Tuskegee Institute and the agri- cultural college at Greensboro, N. C. Twenty-seven of the students are professors or assistant professors of agriculture in agricultural colleges, 31 are assistants in the agricultural colleges and experiment stations, 9 are recent college graduates, and 8 are engaged in farming. Considering the character of the faculty and students, it goes with- out saying that the whole period of the session was occupied with the most earnest and profitable work. Without doubt the influence of this school will be felt throughout the country in the improvement of courses of instruction in agriculture and the strengthening of the lines and methods of investigation of agricultural subjects. In other ways the school will exert a beneficial influence. So rapid has been the accumulation of materials for a real science of agriculture during the past few years that even professional students of agriculture have not realized how large a mass of knowledge is already available for mold- ing into a systematic body of truth which may be utilized for pedagogic purposes, as well as for inductions of scientific and practical value. The summaries given by the experts gathered at this graduate school have emphasized this fact and shown in a striking manner that agri- cultural education and research may now be properly and efficiently organized with reference to the science of agriculture itself, rather than be as heretofore very largely a matter of the sciences related to agriculture. This will serve to stimulate greatly the movement already begun for the reduction of the materials of agricultural science to ‘‘pedagogic form” for use in colleges and secondary schools, and for the reorganization of agricultural institutions of research on the basis of the divisions and subdivisions of agriculture instead of physics, chemistry, botany, and other primary and secondary sciences. The day will thus be hastened when the science of agriculture will rank as one of the great systems of knowledge of direct benefit to mankind. IMPROVEMENT OF RURAL SCHOOLS. We are, without doubt, in this country just on the edge of a great popular movement for the improvement of the conditions of rural life through the improvement of the rural schools. As one phase of this movement there will come the broadening of the instruction in the C REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. principles of agriculture, so that in addition to college courses we shall have secondary courses in ordinary and special high schools, and even some elementary instruction in the common schools. In estab- lishing the lines and methods of secondary and elementary instruction in agriculture so that it may be useful and attractive to the masses of our rural youth, the leaders in agricultural science gathered in the Graduate School of Agriculture this summer will play an important part, and it is believed that they have gone out from this school with much inspiration to renewed efforts in this direction. For both the thorough establishment of the science of agriculture and the wide popularization of this science, the new school will, it is believed, be an efficient.agency, and I hope the way may open for it to become a per- manent institution. THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES. A number of the agricultural colleges have made considerable prog- ress during the past year in strengthening and broadening their courses in agriculture. Specialists in agronomy, animal husbandry, soil physics, soil bacteriology, dairying, and other branches of the general subject of agriculture have been added to their faculties. This has made it possible to materially increase the number of different courses in agricultural subjects offered to their students. This is especially true of the short or special courses in agriculture for stu- dents who for one reason or another are not able to take the entire course leading to the bachelor’s degree. Statistics of attendance at the land-grant colleges for the year 1901 show that over 42,000 students were enrolled. This was an increase of nearly 7 per cent over the attendance for the previous year. The total attendance upon four-year courses in agriculture (including dairying) increased more than 26 per cent. The number of students in special courses has fallen off relatively, indicating a growing recog- nition of the greater value of the full collegiate course in agriculture as compared with specialization along narrow lines in undergraduate work. During the past two years there has been a remarkable increase in the number of buildings erected at these colleges. It is estimated that during this period at least $2,000,000 have been spent by the States for this purpose. In these buildings there are not only improved facilities for instruction in the sciences related to agriculture, but alse more particularly for the teaching of the different branches of the science of agriculture itself. The changes in equipment and in the organization of faculties have put college instruction in agriculture largely on a new basis. Since the new courses deal much more largely directly with agriculture, both as an art and a science, the students are not only well trained in the theory of agriculture, but are brought REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. CI much more closely into sympathy and actual contact with the practice of the art. Each year the chasm which formerly existed between science and practice is being more strongly bridged. Stronger bonds of sympathy and effort are uniting scientists and farmers through the medium of the agricultural institutions. The colleges therefore not only occupy a better position in the educational world, but they are also more strongly intrenched in the confidence and support of the great masses of practical men. SECONDARY AND ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS OF AGRICULTURE. Institutions for secondary and elementary instruction in agriculture are becoming more numerous. Schools of this class already established have been continued, new schools are being established, and courses of instruction in agriculture, nature study, and gardening are being intro- duced into existing public and private schools. The marked success of the agricultural high schools established in connection with the uni- versities of Minnesota and Nebraska indicates that there is a demand for agricultural courses of parallel degree with those offered in various manual arts in our city high schools. Already there is a promising movement for the establishment of special agricultural high schools in different localities separate from the colleges, and some instruction in agriculture is now given ina number of normal and public high schools. Students taking such high-school courses would undoubtedly be able to better appreciate the work of this Department and the agricultural experiment stations and would have a better outlook regarding the movements of our times.for the improvement of agriculture, which would enable them to become intelligent, progressive, and successful farmers. All over our country farmers are sending their children to public high schools and paying tuition for their instruction. They have, therefore, good reason to urge that courses on subjects related to agriculture should be introduced into these schools, especially in towns which are wholly or largely dependent on the neighboring farms for their commercial success, if not their very existence. Since the funds expended in promoting technical education in agri- culture are in the nature of investments which will be richly repaid in larger amounts of assessable farm property and the increased wealth that comes from improved farm products, both the States and the local communities can well afford to make liberal contributions to the support of courses in agriculture in the secondary schools as well as in the agricultural colleges. Progress is also being made in the movement for the consolidation of rural schools which has already resulted in improved conditions in the schools of Ohio, Massachusetts, Iowa, and other States. Such consolidation makes it possible to introduce nature study in which matters pertaining to agriculture, horticulture, and domestic arts are orl REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. easily included. Several States have already passed laws requiring teachers to prepare themselves to give instruction in nature study and agriculture, and exercises and illustrative material for such work are being more frequently published, often with the aid of the teachers in the agricultural colleges. Another closely allied movement at present manifest principally in the city schools is the school-garden movement—the introduction of garden work with flowers and vegetables into the graded schools as a weekly or semiweekly exercise. Wherever work of this kind has been tried under proper supervision it has aroused considerable interest on the part of the students, has furnished excellent material for nature- study work, and has correlated well with the other studies in the curri- culum. FARMERS’ INSTITUTES. In my last annual report | recommended that an appropriation of $5,000 be given to enable the Office of Experiment Stations to under- take work connected with the promotion of the farmers’ institute sys- tem in this country. The appropriation was to be used in employing an officer who would devote his time and energy to this work, visit institute workers and advise them regarding the ways in which the Department might help the institutes, study the problems of institute management at home and abroad, and seek to shape the Department’s work for the institutes so that it might be most helpful to this enter- prise. As the matter was finally fixed in the appropriation act, only about $2,000 of the income of the Office of Experiment Stations for the current fiscal year can be used for this purpose. This is entirely inadequate for the work planned, but will be used in gathering statis- tics of the institute movement and in employing, during a part of the year, an officer who will be retained as farmers’ institute specialist, if Congress shall provide sufficient means for continuing the work. Farmers’ institutes are now held in 44 States and Territories, includ- ing Hawaii. Nearly complete returns from 40 States and Territories show that in the areas reported about 2,300 institutes are held annually ; that the funds expended by the Histon: States and Territories in support of these institutes (not including expenses incurred by local authorities) amounted to about $196,000 per annum, and that about 709,000 people attended the institutes. The number of students taking the agricultural course at the agricultural colleges in the same States and Territories during the year ended June 30, 1901, was 9,623, includ- ing those who are recorded as attending courses in Rensenold economy, dairying, and veterinary science. The total number of persons reached by the farmers’ institutes and the agricultural colleges (about 720,000) is, however, only a small per- centage (7.2 per cent) of those actually snenenl in agricultural pur- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. CII suits (about 10,000,000). The publications of the experiment stations are sent to about 500,000 farmers. A great need of our educational system is, therefore, wider dissemination of the results of agricultural study and research among those now actually engaged in farming. I recommend that an appropriation of $6,000 be made by Congress to enable the Office of Experiment Stations to aid the farmers’ insti- tutes during the fiscal year 1904. EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN ALASKA. Agricultural experiment stations were maintained during the fiscal year 1902 at Sitka, Kenai, and Rampart. The experimental work has included the growing of cereals and vegetables, methods of reclama- tion, drainage, and fertilization of land, and the curing and ensiling of forage crops. In all these lines successful results were obtained, and much information which will be of use to persons attempting agricul- ture in Alaska was acquired. The survey of different portions of Alaska with reference to their agricultural possibilities was continued. The special agent in charge made a journey through a large portion of the Yukon River Valley. A reconnoissance of the Copper River regions and portions of the Fortymile country and the Tanana River Valley was made during September, 1901, by the assistant who had been in charge of the station work at Rampart. He estimated that in the region covered by his journey there was some 2,000,000 acres of land suitable for farming and pasture. Grass grew abundantly and luxuriantly in large regions. The distribution of seed of hardy varieties of vegetables, cereals, and grasses has been continued and extended, seed for use the present season having been sent to some 750 addresses. Many reports of trials of seed previously sent have been received, and in this way much useful information has been secured. It is evident that the efforts made by the Department to aid the residents of Alaska in their agricultural work by distributing improved varieties of seeds have produced beneficial results. Not only has this been of advantage to the white population, but the natives also are learning to cultivate gardens, and it is reliably reported that there is a large increase in the number of natives who attempt to cultivate small patches of ground. The equipment of the stations in Alaska has been increased by the erection of a barn, cottage, and small blacksmith shop at Sitka and the completion of a small station building at Kenai. During the present year « beginning will be made of establishing a nursery of hardy fruits at Sitka. Only a limited amount of work in this line can be done until a horticulturist is added to the station staff. It is also planned to secure a small flock of Angora goats, with a view to ascer- taining whether these animals can be successfully reared in the coast region of southern Alaska. The plants naturally growing in this CIV REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. region will furnish abundant forage for goats. The work at Kenai will be continued and similar operations will be carried on at Rampart and Wood Island and in the Copper River region. It is hoped to complete the headquarters building at Sitka during the present year. The cost of this work will be about $2,000. As soon as possible a small herd of cattle should be placed at the Kenai station and experimental work in animal husbandry begun. This would involve the building of a barn there and the employment of additional laborers. The station at Sitka should have an equipment of chemical apparatus sufficient for simple chemical work. As long as the income of the stations is on the present basis it will not be possible to do more than maintain the stations at Sitka and Kenai and do a very limited amount of work at one or two places in the interior. Hawai EXPERIMENT STATION. A large amount of work has been done at the Hawaii experiment station during the past year in clearing and preparing for cultivation portions of the tract reserved for the station and establishing planta- tions of fruit and other valuable trees and experimental plats. The buildings begun the previous year were completed, and the station now possesses a residence for the special agent in charge, an office and laboratory, stable, cottages for laborers, water tanks, ete. Experiments have been begun with potatoes and taro to overcome the very destructive diseases which seem to threaten the extinction of these crops. Taro forms the principal food of the Hawaiians, and the ravages of the blight have so curtailed the supply that there has been actual suffering in some places because of the shortage. At present the experiments are being confined to the lowland taro, and an effort is being. made to find some remedy for the disease that attacks the root. Dry-land taro does not appear to be as susceptible to disease, but it will be studied also. It was found in many cases that immature and diseased cuttings were used for planting. The lowland form of taro requires extensive irrigation, and in practice the land is kept flooded for a considerable time. Wherever the water was allowed to become stagnant it was found that the root rot was most prevalent. By the use of fertilizers it was found possible to actively stimulate the growth of the plant and make it less liable to disease. Wherever a liberal application of lime was made there was no disease, and with care in the management of the water, selection of cuttings, rotation of crops, use of lime and fertilizers it was found possible to not only reduce the disease, but to considerably increase the production of the crop. The experiments with potatoes were conducted upon the island of Maui in cooperation with one of the residents of that island. This island formerly produced the most of the potatoes grown in the archi- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. CV pelago. A disease locally known as black rot has for ten or more years been seriously depreciating the crop. This, as has been determined by the station authorities, is due to a soil fungus, and experiments are being undertaken to combat it. In the field investigations 45 varieties of potatoes were grown under similar conditions, and marked differ- ences were noted in the susceptibility of the varieties to disease. This work is to be followed up in the hope that some sorts may be found which are nearly or quite resistant to disease. Investigations were begun on the diseases of poultry, and a bulletin was issued in which suggestions were given for the care of fowls and treatment of the diseases to which they are especially subject, and as a result of which poultry and eggs are excessively expensive in the Hawaiian markets. Attention has also been given to fiber plants, mangoes, the castor bean, pineapples, peppers, and rubber and cork oak trees, and other plants believed worthy of investigation and development. A study has also been made regarding the use of pumps for irrigation purposes in the Hawaiian Islands, where the pumping of water for this purpose has in all probability reached its highest development. Members of the station staff have visited other islands of the group and an attempt has been made to get into touch with all the agricultural communities. Farmers’ institutes are being organized under the auspices of the sta- tion. Bulletins on chickens and their diseases and on taro have been prepared and others are in course of preparation. It is clear that there is a wide field for agricultural investigations in this Territory. Owing to local conditions of soil, temperature, rainfall, and other natural conditions, the station will be obliged to do much work in different localities. The presence of enormous numbers of destructive insects is one of the chief obstacles to agriculture in Hawaii. The land areas are small and the uniformity of seasonal temperatures presents no check to the development of insects which may have been introduced from conti- nental regions. Asa result the insects speedily lose their distinctive habits. Many of the introduced species no longer have a definite life period, but breed at all seasons and are practically in continuous exist- ence throughout the year, swarm following swarm, with no intervening period when the land is free from their ravages. There are a number of serious fungous diseases of plants which require investigation, both because of the local losses caused by them and on account of the possibility of their being carried to other parts of the islands. The work on the taro rot and the Fusarium disease of the potato will need to be continued for several years. There are many problems of both scientific and practical interest which require the services of a chemist. Soil and water analyses, the study of the rdle of mineral nutrients in plants and soils, the composi- ~ CVI REPORT OF 'THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. tion of Hawaiian foods and feeding material all should be given atten- tion. Investigations should be made as the occasion requires of other agricultural products which may lead to the establishment of local industries, such as fiber plants, tans, dyestuffs, rubber, vanilla, coffee, tobacco, silk, fruits, and vegetables. Considering the numerous agricultural problems requiring investi- gation in the Territory of Hawaii, the experiment station there should have added to the station force a chemist; the apparatus and other equip- ment should also be increased, and provision made for the printing and distribution of station publications. Porro Rico EXPERIMENT STATION. The agricultural experiment station in Porto Rico is now established on a permanent basis. This result has been secured through the coop- eration of the insular government and legislature. stl. 2.5 8 Sa. 3, 992. 63 IP tava (CARES UGreNait iy NAYES) ape eae Bee TO Da 9 a de sR 1, 000. 00 Petco tasdenWiasminotone 24 i's,o 7 eee her te ei Me ome ly 4,950. 00 EDIT GREVOVC Hts OL mennnns, wo euler CNMI ECr ee 1195 lpn) See 2,989. 90 20 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. In addition, the following buildings were also repaired, improved, and equipped, and supplies purchased therefor at the total cost set opposite each, viz: remark fl) alk cre eee cles eee eae Mpa tat hs MP Et, AND spe ts abe nb _. $7,064.14 Jupiter, Fla_____- Ene RR ee teers Pe LS ko -... 8,858.00 Kittyhawk, N. C __..-- Sia e FXG ACS CEng) "RPE TELE Se Prete Soy wean 125.00 Gapercenry, (Virginiag. oid ule! sit ed lope ee ieee ieee ee eee 5, 104. 25 Supplies, instruments, etc._._____-- Eats Bees Parag po 17 oI wre Rate 1, 647. 64 <8 Niemen reat onan parE acme ek 8 Sag Rn 2 Fat cae wh oe ae 17, 279.03 In regard to the above, however, it may be proper to add that the buildings at Port Crescent, Wash., and Jupiter, Fla., are still in course of construction, but it is expected that they will be completed within the next three months. It was deemed advisable not to lay a cable between Tatoosh Island and the mainland, Washington, but instead to build a span wire across, in order that the balance of the money thus created might be used in the repair and improvement of the buildings above mentioned. General repairs, however, are now being made to the telegraph line from Port Crescent to Tatoosh Island, Washington, at an approximate cost of $3,000, which leaves a balance of about $1,768.44 to be covered into the Treasury. Only such portion of this special appropriation has been expended as has been absolutely necessary for the work in question, and while the unexpended balance can be used for the pur- chase of supplies for any of the buildings named, I have felt it my duty not to incur any additional expense against this fund, as I believed that the buildings in question were sufficiently well equipped to meet the needs of the Weather Bureau. The press has spoken in high terms of the benefit that the buildings will be to the marine and other interests. In view of the complimentary criticisms from the public and the economy to the Government in owning its own buildings, thereby saving the amounts now paid for rent of office quarters, I recom- mended that an additional appropriation of $50,000 be asked from Congress for the purchase of sites and the erection of not less than six buildings during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1903, which you approved, and Congress has made an appropriation of the amount named. The places that have been selected for these new buildings, with your approval, are Yellowstone Park, Wyo.; Amarillo, Tex. ; Modena, Utah; Key West and Sand Key, Fla., and South Farallone Island, California. There has been some difficulty in providing sites for the buildings at Modena and Amarillo, and it is not believed that it will be practicable to erect these buildings before next spring. LIBRARY. No change has been made in the ordinary routine of the library. The facility with which the library can be consulted has been greatly enhanced by the completion of the transcribing of the author index on better size cards (standard library). Work has been begun on a subject index, a most important adjunct to a library, and one the need of which has been acutely felt for years past. No unforeseen interruption occurring, this much-needed index should be completed within the current fiscal year. Conjointly with this subject index of books, author and subject indexes of the meteorological contents of the periodicals currently received have also been started. Bibliogra- WEATHER BUREAU. | phy is imperative in scientific research, and as soon as the present exigencies admit, more attention will be devoted to the subject of meteorological bibliography, and the endeavor will be made to close the hiatus caused by the suspension of our bibliographic work some ten years ago to its partial resumption within the last year. The numberof volumes in the library has been increased during the year by 782 accessions, most of which are meteorological reports of other weather services. Many of these works can not be accommodated for lack of space, but remain in sacks and packages stored on the floor. Arrangements, therefore, will soon be made toassign additional room to thelibrary. The Bureau now especially encourages the study of meteor- ology, not only in the public schools but also in the colleges and the universities of the country. This action is attracting the attention of teachers and students to the central office. It is a place for study; a place where the advantages of the collected data of the world may be obtained, and it is-the only place of the sort in this country. In modern research work two instrumentalties stand out coequal and coimportant—library and laboratory—the library, from which to learn what other workers have thought and done; the laboratory, in which to do that which oneself thinks out. The use made by our own offi- cials of the library may be best shown by the fact that there are pres- ent more than 350 volumes charged to and in use in the different divi- sions and sections of the office. No record has ever been kept of daily ealls for books, but it is not improbable that more than a thousand books are taken out of the library for consultation annually. Having what we believe to be the largest and most complete meteorological library extant, it should be our aim to make it the most useful. EXAMINATIONS. There have been held during the year 71 examinations—36 of em- ployees not previously examined in any branch, and 35 of employees that had passed the first-grade examinations and who were taking the examinations prescribed for one or more of the other grades or had failed in some branch in which previously examined. It is believed that the purposes of the examinations could be greatly aided if the questions as marked, together with the reasons for the marking, could be submitted to the examinee, and the supervising examiner has been instructed to do so in the future. To tell one that one is in error is of course valuable, but to tell one how he comes to be in error is more valuable—it is educative. TELEGRAPH LINES. No change has taken place since the last annual report in the total mileage (367 miles) of telegraph and telephone lines owned and oper- ated by the Weather Bureau, no new lines having been built nor any old ones abandoned during the year. No extensive line repairs have been needed except on the Tatoosh Island section, where general repairs are now under way, preparatory to the reestablishment of telegraphic communication with the new station about to be erected on that island. A wire span, supported on steel towers, is in course of erection between the island and the mainland, in lieu of a submarine cable which, as costly experience during past years has demonstrated, can not be economically main- tained in that locality. 29, DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Nineteen nautical miles of two-conductor cable, laid by the Signal Service of the Army in 1898, between Block Island and Narragansett Pier, R. I., were recently transferred to this Bureau. This cable has been out of working order since last January. It was our purpose to recover it, replace the defective parts, and relay it so as to parallel our old Block Island cable for use in case of an accident to the latter. On taking it up it was found to be too badly worn to justify the expense of again putting it down, and an appropriation of $40,000 is recommended for the purchase and the laying of a new cable and the purchase of ground and erection of necessary buildings at each of the two termini. The total ‘‘ this line” receipts from commercial telegrams transmitted over Weather Bureau lines during the year were $2,326.17, an increase of $597.68 over last year’s receipts. The total number of whole days and fractional parts of a day, respectively, on which telegraphic communication over Weather Bureau lines was interrupted is as follows: Whole | Rrachional From— days. days. Ponti Crescent cOuN Ca Nia ye VWVSb TN LO Tea sere nee eee eee eee | 10 55 Sanihiranciscotoeoinbyneyess@alessss =) eens eeen ne ee eee 26 15 HdvartowntomNantucket, (Massie: 2 eos eee sos Re ee ee eee 0 0 Blockiisland|tosNarragansett. Rhode Islands 2 | 2 4 NortolkyiVia..(tosHatterasy Ne CUS se Sta eae Se ee ae Se ok ee nae 5 47 IA pena tos NiiG Ge pis] airy eles Ca agra ee eee 1 6 Aipenato.Dhnnder bayesian Gavin chi pee ean eee ee ee ee ee 0 0 Under acts passed by the last Congress, specifications and plans are being prepared for purchasing and laying about 50 statute miles (more or less) of submarine telegraph cables, to connect Sand Key, Florida, with Key West, Fla.; South Manitou Island, Michigan, with Glen- haven, Mich., and the Farallone Islands, California, with San Fran- cisco, Cal., via Point Reyes, Cal. ments. : | Lect) lee, Bowes Seeiiels arrest ae ers 9 OSE SOT Soa See eet eee 128 33 Lig ais ie eset aS es Lae ata Ee eid dn lle, Wega oa ito) Os Rae 33, 681, 229 LCT aie coe eae 42, 570, 572 | The cost of the microscopic inspection was $125,947.31. This is an average of 12 cents for each examination and 0.368 cent for each pound exported. INSPECTION OF VESSELS AND EXPORT ANIMALS. The number of certificates of inspection issued for American cattle exported to Europe was 1,102; the number of clearances of vessels carrying inspected live stock was 857. The figures show a falling off in the exports of American animals, there being 91,336 cattle, 16,710 sheep, and 13,985 horses fewer than during the previous year. The number of Canadian cattle and sheep exported from United States ports was increased. All of the animals in the following table were exported to Great Britain with the exception of 301 cattle, 200 sheep, and 412 horses to Belgium, 198 sheep to France, and 124 horses to Germany. Number of inspections, etc., of American and Canadian animals, fiscal year 1902. American. Canadian. aE Beaune. Inspec- Re- TiseeeaL |) = In- | Re- Ex- tions. jected. 88eC. ported. a ee jected. ported. Sci co eae eee ea | 584,040 1,491 | 304,441 | «293,386 72,726 47 72,679 SlGGi 0 sess Cee as _..| 401,132 | 76 i a ea | 0211, 224 52,445 74 52,371 Hi Onses\ t= 322222282 Jeitzesse! | 19,990 86 11,272 | ¢10,967 337 2 335 | a7,904 via Canada. b280 via Canada. ¢80 via Canada. In addition, there were inspected for export to other countries 1,960 cattle, 954 sheep, 8 horses, and 21 mules, as follows: Bermuda, 1,854 cattle, 714 sheep, 7 horses; Brazil, 34 cattle; Africa, 45 cattle; British Guiana, 80 sheep; Barbados, 160 sheep; Jamaica, 21 mules, 1 horse; Costa Rica, 10 cattle; Newfoundland, 17 cattle. The number of American and Canadian animals landed alive at the foreign-animals wharves in London, Liverpool, and Glasgow, and inspected by inspectors of this Bureau stationed at these ports, together with the number and percentage lost in transit, is shown in the table on the next page. 30 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Number of animals inspected at time of landing in London, Liverpool, and Glasgow, and loss in transit, fiscal year 1902. | Cattle. | Sheep. Horses. From— ; ae Er a3? 3 | | Landed. | Lost. Landed. | Lost. Landed. Lost. | — = —- -— - | | l No. | No. |Percent.| No. No. |Percent.| No. No. | Per cent. United States__| 284,389 378 0.13 | 211,617 | 1,890 0.89 10, 869 71 0. 65 Canada --.------ 65, 343 153 | 23 49,679 881 1.78 295 6 | 2.03 Total...--| 581 | .15 | 261,296 | 2,771 1.06 | 11, 164 77 69 } | INSPECTION OF IMPORTED ANIMALS. The numbers and kinds of animals imported from Mexico and inspected at ports of entry along the international boundary line are shown in the table following: Importation of Mexican animals, fiscal year 1902. Port of entry. Cattle. | Sheep. | Lambs.| Asses. | Horses. Mules. | Goats. | Hogs. b: | | Eagle Pass, Tex _----- DOP jake eee Ae ie SS eae se ee 5 10 1 (863 Paso Rex Pees 22= cB 7 Us a bs eed es ee See ee 3 26: | paseoeee =| eee Nogales, Ariz ----_--- QO DDO NES et Ses es ee Qi Eseee Soe ese 114 64 San Diego, Cal ------- 1,350 | 2,703 1,073 Gp Lee2eeaaze |ss2o=se=== 240) Sa eee otal assess 65, 218 | 2, 703 1,078 15 8 | 36 2, 090 64 There were also inspected animals imported in bond as follows: At Nogales, 640 cattle, destined to Lower California; at El Paso, 3,622 cattle, 26 horses, 4 mules, and 2 asses, destined to ‘Canada. Through ports on the ‘seacoast animals not subject to quarantine were imported as follows: l From— | Horses. | Ponies. | Mules. | Zebra. | eee Bears. | ae Dogs er ee ae 2,206 58 u1 | iy eae ain) emt ee Pa ipermuda se es OS i |S see ee eee eo coh U7 NS Seek TES [CAP SIS Re cei | a Porto Rico________-__-| 1 2) | oe seal Senet es | Re eee eee a Cabs es WS ese sas. |C 255 Se 28| eee os We ee el ee ee Mexico - Stevens oN eee eae We) eo cecsescclt 25-2 ea bol eto Sec se] ee South America_______ SUDA, Ess aplasia eet a | en oo Sh ar ene lee ee (oo | Mipiors. s=2:-- 22-22-82 BN oh Se As US iG | eee a eae A Mb ie Es (= ee eeu Manilvone nie (Foam Oe SB Se ene ee ee ee As | eee eS | 2 ae ae (Ghana estos | SHS Se oe le Fates? (eas ache [oe aa prea |F 2 @anadae emer ene oe Ai Cask oe | Bees eens Vee Ser ee | eee ee | = seseceeee 2 IN Gwe Zea led & Soe eae | Pe ee See Soe so see |e oes (eee eee 4: | 2. = We ylor ee ee eae Rs eee soe |L oece kc 3 | A aad je ceete ee | eek aee rae 1? | Seaeese Motel 221s 2, 283 60 14 | fal 4 4 1 2 A statement of other animals imported through ports along the Canadian border and through quarantine stations on the Atlantic coast will be found in the report of the ‘‘ Miscellaneous division.” CONTROL OF CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. Southern cattle inspection.—The supervision of the movement of eattle from the area quarantined on account of Southern, or Texas, or splenetic, fever of cattle, due to the presence of the tick (Boophilus annulatus) which carries the infection, involved the proper yarding in the quarantine divisions of the different stock yards of 1,126,490 head of cattle during the quarantine season of 1901. To transport these cattle required 42,354 cars, each of which had to be placarded, and all of the waybills, manifests, and bills of lading accompanying the shipments had to state that the cattle were Southern cattle. The number of cars cleaned and disinfected was 46,736, BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. aol In Texas 418,566 cattle were inspected and identified by brands as originating outside of the quarantined district and were permitted to be moved for grazing to Northern States. Scabies in sheep.—The number of sheep inspected in stock yards, at feeding stations, and at many places throughout the West, in order to prevent the shipment of sheep affected with or that had been exposed to seabies, amounted to 11,186,661. The number of sheep dipped under the supervision of Bureau inspectors was 1,017,162. The num- ber of cars cleaned and disinfected was 791. For shipments of sheep that were found free of infection certificates of inspection were given. BIOCHEMIC DIVISION. The routine work of this division in the preparation and shipment of tuberculin and mallein has been continued. Large quantities of tuberculin have been shipped, and a large amount of mallein has been supplied, especially to the War Department and to State officials entitled to receive it. According to the records, about 55,000 doses of tuberculin have been sent out to 33 different States and 12,000 doses of mallein to 25 different States. During a portion of the year stamp- ing ink for meat has been prepared and 312 gallons shipped. A limited amount of tetanus antitoxin has been prepared in conjunc- tion with the experiment station of the Bureau. A great deal of work has also been done in connection with a comparative study of the tuber- culosis germs from various sources. The virulence of the bovine germ for monkeys has been established and a preliminary note on this work published. Our work was the first recorded to show that the bovine germ was pathogenic for monkeys. A number of different varieties of the tubercle germ have been obtained from children and adults in the various hospitals of Washington City, and their morphological and cultural characteristics and virulence for small animals, as well as cattle, have been and are being tested. A very valuable piece of work has been done by Dr. M. Dorset, assistant chief of the division, in suggesting the use of asolid medium for cultivating the tuberculosis germ, namely, the substitution of egg for blood serum. The great ease with which this can be prepared and the very satisfactory character of the results obtained make this work of great importance. In addition to this, there has been published a chemical analysis of tubercle bacilli derived from various animals. This laboratory was the first to publish, some years ago, a report upon a complete chemical analysis of the tuberculosis germs of human origin. The work above referred to, which is a continuation of this line of investigation, includes, in addition to the germs of human origin, those derived from the horse, hog, cow, birds, and dogs. The results of these comparative analyses are of importance, not only in corrobo- rating our suppositions that the composition of the various tubercle bacilli is influenced by their surroundings, but also in indicating other points forfurther investigation in connection with the treatment of this disease. The experiments in connection with hog cholera and swine plague have also been continued both at the experiment station and in the West. Progress has been made and new factors of importance dis- eovered. The feeding experiments of poultry have been continued and the results of the work are about ready for publication. A num- ber of routine examinations of various sorts in connection with the work of the Bureau have also been made. It is proposed during the coming year to continue the routine work 32 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. above noted, and also the investigations already started, and to begin as many others as the facilities of the laboratory will allow. DIVISION OF PATHOLOGY. The most important branches of work upon which this division has been engaged during the past fiscal year are the following: (1) The inv estigation of a fatal infectious disease of chickens, to which the name of ‘‘apoplectiform septicemia” has been given. (2) The preparation for publication of the results obtained in the investigation relative to ‘‘the infectiveness of milk from cows which have reacted to the tuberculin test.” (3) An investigation concerning the comparative virulence of tuber- cle bacilli from human, bovine, ovine, porcine, and simian sources. (4) An investigation of a highly fatal enzootic among the cattle ina dairy herd in the vicinity of the city of Washington. (5) A preliminary study of a progressive, chronic, but nevertheless fatal disease among Angora goats, which has been brought to our attention from Massachusetts, “Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and Missouri. (6) An investigation of the so-called maladie du coit among horses in Nebraska, with particular reference to the probability of its ultimate extirpation. (7) The preparation and distribution of blackleg vaccine. (8) A continuation of the inoculation experiments and microscopic examinations for the purpose of determining the prevalence of rabies in the District of Columbia. (9) The preparation of tubes of grasshopper disease fungus for dis- tribution by the Division of Entomology. (10) Experiments relative to the preparation of a harmless but effi- cient anthrax vaccine. (11) The preparation, installation, and supervision of a pathological exhibit at Buffalo, N. Y., and Charleston, 8. C. (12) The determination of pathological specimens sent to the Bureau for diagnosis and the preparation of answers to inquiries relative to the character, cause, and treatment of various diseases of domestic animals. APOPLECTIFORM SEPTICEMIA IN CHICKENS. a highly fatal disease in chickens, to which the name ‘“‘ apoplecti- form septicemia” has been applied, was observed on a farm in north- ern Virginia during the past year. The nonpyogenic streptococcus isolated . as the causative agent in the outbreak is possessed of unusual virulence for chickens, causing sudden death without premonitory symptoms and with a mortality of 100 per cent of those affected and 92 per cent of the entire flock. The nature, etiology, and prevention of this affection have been studied and the results of the investiga- tion puvlished as Bulletin No. 36 of this Bureau. INFECTIVENESS OF MILK FROM TUBERCULOUS COWS. As aresult of the elaborate experiment which was conducted in this laboratory for the purpose of establishing the presence or absence of the tubercle bacilli in the milk of tuberculous cattle, a paper has been prepared entitled ‘‘ Infectiveness of milk from cows which have reacted to the tuberculin test.” This paper contains the final results obtained from the inoculation and ingestion experiments conducted upon guinea pigs with the milk of the tuberculous cows at the Government Asylum for the Insane, together with the positive findings recorded BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 55° in 57 similar experiments made by competent investigators in this and foreign countries. This experiment lasted ninety days and included the milk of 56 tuberculous cows. A synopsis of the results shows that one or more of the guinea pigs fed with milk from 9 different cows have succumbed with typical tuberculosis; that is, the milk of 16.1 per cent of the 56 reacting cows has been found to be pathogenic to guinea pigs when fedtothem. Of the experiment animals inoculated intraabdominally, in the first series at least, one guinea pig has died of tuberculosis in each of six different instances, showing that the milk of 10.7 per cent of the 56 reacting cows in this experiment has proved fatal to guinea pigs in the first inoculation experiment. In the sec- ond series of intraabdominal injections the milk from 7 individual cows out of 45 examined, or 15.5 per cent, was demonstrated to possess virulent tubercle bacilli. By uniting these inoculation results it will be observed that 11 out of 56 cows, or 19.6 per cent, secreted milk which transmitted tuberculosis to one or more experiment animals when injected into the peritoneal cavity. Owing to the greater percentage of positive results obtained from the second inoculation experiment, conducted more than two months after the first intraabdominal test, it appears probable, as would be expected, that the virulence of the milk increased with the advance- ment of the disease in the cow. The lack of uniformity of results obtained in many of the cows might be explained from our knowledge that tubercle bacilli are not excreted by the normal udder with any degree of constancy. For this reason the continuous feeding experi- ment, covering a period of three months, seems to have more prac- tical value in demonstrating the transmission of tuberculosis than the inoculation test, where the only possibility of affirmative results must depend on the contingency of the accidental excretion of the bacilli on one particular day. The combined results of the ingestion and inoculation experiments show that the milk of 12 out of 56 reacting cows, or 21.4 per cent, has at one time or another since the beginning of the experiment con- tained virulent tubercle bacilli. Cover-glass preparations of the centrifugalized sediment of milk from 4 out of 55 cows, or 7.5 per cent, revealed the presence of the tubercle bacillus, and in two of these cases the centrifugalized cream was also found to possess this organism. In one case (cow No. 10) tubercle bacilli were only demonstrated by microscopic examination of the centrifugalized sediment. The number observed were very few, 3 in one slide and but 1 in another, while the remaining 9 cover-glasses were apparently free from this bacillus. It appears singular that positive results were not obtained by the intraabdominal injection of this sediment from which the cover-glasses showing the tubercle bacilli were made. Wyssokowitsch, in his experiments regarding the quantity of bacilli requisite for the production of tuber- culosis by injection into the peritoneal cavity, found that it required at least 50 bacilli for the transmission of the disease. Granting this conclusion, it is evident that the milk injected either did not contain a sufficient number of bacilli to cause the disease or that the bacilli were less vigorous or the guinea pigs more resistant than in the other experiments. It is also of interest to know that of the guinea pigs that succumbed to tuberculosis as a result of intraabdominal inocu- lations, 7 were injected with a mixture of milk and cream, 5 with AGR 1902 3 34 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. centrifugalized cream alone, and the remaining 8 with the milk sediment. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TUBERCLE BACILLI FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. In view of the widespread interest now manifested concerning the intercommunicability of bovine and human tuberculosis, this line of investigation has been inaugurated, and a comparative study is at present being made of tubercle bacilli isolated from the mesenteric glands of a sheep, hog, cow, and 4 children, as well as those from the sputum and from the lung of a spontaneous case of tuberculosis in a monkey. The result of this investigation will be published as soon as the work has been completed. ENZOOTIC AMONG DAIRY CATTLE, An outbreak of a disease among the cattle on a dairy farm in this vicinity was brought to the attention of the Bureau last November by a local practitioner who requested consultation. The affection was accompanied by certain symptoms and post-mortem changes which apparently were dissimilar to any that have hitherto occurred in this locality. Owing to the proximity of the laboratory and the prob- ability of the disease being at times existent but as yet unrecognized in other sections of the country, a thorough bacteriological examina- tion was made, with the result that the etiological factor was found to be a bacillus of the enteriditis group. A paper on the subject is about completed which includes the results of this investigation, together with a comparison of allied organisms which have been iso- lated by Gaertner from the kidney and muscles of a cow; by Basenau from the organs of a cow which was supposed to have been suffering with parturient septicemia; by Foulerton from the muscle juice and kidney of an ox condemned as unfit for food, and by Thomassen from an outbreak which he describes as ‘‘a new septicemia of calves.” INFECTIOUS DISEASE OF ANGORA GOATS. During the past winter information reached the Bureau from Mas- sachusetts, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and Missouri regarding the presence of a fatal disease affecting Angora goats. The common goat (Capra hircus) is popularly regarded as being immune from almost all diseases, but the appearance of an enzootic in several localities among well-bred Angoras seems to indicate either that this opinion is incorrect or that Angoras are more susceptible to disease than common goats.. The economic importance of this affection becoming apparent from its virulence and the widespread points of infection, an official of the division was direeted to make a complete investigation of the disease as it existed in Pennsylvania, with the view of discovering its etiology. A preliminary report on the nature and cause of this outbreak, including a comparison with probably ¢ similar goat disease that has occurred in Saxony and Switzerland, will be ready for publication very soon. ERADICATION OF THE SO-CALLED MALADIE DU COIT. The constant reappearance of this venereal disease among horses in Nebraska, after it apparently had been stamped out on several different occasions by inspectors of the Bureau detailed for this work, has occasioned a thorough investigation of the disease for the pur- pose of obtaining information regarding its latent qualities and other peculiarities, and incidentally to confirm, if possible, the work of BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 35 Buffard and Schneider and Noeard regarding the etiological significance of the Trypanosoma equiperdum. This investigation is at present under consideration, but has not sufficiently progressed to warrant any conclusion at this time. BLACKLEG VACCINE. The demand for blackleg vaccine is gradually increasing as this method of preventive treatment becomes better known and its merits more widely heralded. The number of doses of vaccine distributed during the past year and the results obtained in the previous year from its use may be more conveniently and vividly expressed by means of the appended tables: Number of doses of vaccine distributed during fiscal year ended June 80, 1902. July 1 to December 31, 1901: eNUiliy eee ete a ere ee See en a 8 ERE Boots em 3B : 54, 280 PASE ESTS beeen eens SM ee 2 eS 2 POE Fee sede sats EES 73, 085 SODLCMIVE Toe aay ye ee erie) ve 07 Needle Cee See ee 158, 635 CLO WC Tae pene = er ae ee ks el Sapte Pee ante ne = eee 258, 220 TS (GHAETTM OTe Leh ee Rees I eae cS soe en es ee ee ke 240, 77 IDECeT eT eames ree Se ao ee eg Se ee eye ae ey ee 164, 455 January 1 to June 30, 1902: PU EUTUU A Te veres> ee eee a Pe BORO) 221 OTS GI TS ee hoe Bee sa-= V4 230 ites ne oe a ae oe «ieee AO SE od ey eee 92, 800 LA BING ode Ae SNS eae eet See de eee ne a See Be (455960 BANGU Toll RP ster or eee See te gs Bh ate Sees ee ago ce eee 162, 785 TRY I A pee Pee ge eee ee ae ee 112, 57 A WHS) ah Jat BE EE Le EN a Pal a nest oe NES rer ean Ne Se ee ae 80, 775 PRG) ele ee See 2 ie Seen ee Bik BL eid lat Rebeca pile (ed Seber 1, 688, 565 Results obtained from vaccine. distributed during fiscal year ended June 30, 1902. Died after vaccination. SS ; = SS Percent- uae ue Deaths same é Num- age of State or Terri- er of season pre- oa. rom 2 ber of ne deaths tory. re- catule vious to wae to 7 |Within’ cases Fotal | after ports. ae 4,| vaccination. |), ours,| days jl year. due to um | vaccina- AS De aktors| mis- ae tion. takes. Num- | Per | ber. | cent | 12} 2,091 64 | 3.06 4 | 6 2 | 3 15 0.28 28 | 79 187 | 2.36 3| 20 16 1 40 46 383 | 67,210 | 1,349 | 2.01 21 20 269 13 328 -44 26 | 2,592 40 | 1.54 19] eee 4 a 1 1 3 04 Dal One 404 | 4.48 3 | 15 25 a) 48 ,44 8 | 8,616 177 | 2.05 6 3 Sigihae eee 46 | AT 733 | 96,782 1,654 1.72 40 | 1 209 14 374 . 30 23) 1,458 Fala Ohana | 1 4 Orisa el ‘35 19 6,718 61 A] lai ees | ] 26 il 28 40 162 18,649 483 2. 60 5 | 8 40 21 74 | 26 62 | 10,920 213 2.45 9 13 37 il eee 56 .43 944 | 92,990 | 3,076 | 3.31 53 82 395 4 534 | 48 15 | 3,868 30 .78 2 5 2 We woe seat 9 cas! North Carolina __| ZL | 1106 i |) 4239 1 | 3 By aoe nes 9 | AT North Dakota___- 266 | 39,168 1, 064 2. 12 11 17 118 | 3 | 149 . ot Okiahoma) 255 2- 141 | 23,408 939 | 4.09 4 19 69 4 | 96 | 38 Wreronee sn nes 19 | 3,456 108 | 3.12 1 ere 6d reel 2 05 South Dakota____' 388 | 44,681 | 1,250 | 2.80 28 21 118 | 18! 185 } 31 Mexacse see Se. 430 | 90,78 2,020 | 2.22 48 144 | 467 6| 665 | 67 Witanyee 2s. 25525. - 23 | 2,969 2OSi |) cosas ae 6 17 ait 20) vie Vahdeaiant: ae eae 149 6,514 235 | 3.62 2 13 68i)| et ee 83 1. 24 Washington. _____ 18 | 685 63 | 9.13 2 2 1 | 1 | 6 | 44 West Virginia___- 42 1,556 41 abe) Cases 4 Gi ae | 8 | 51 Wiyoming: 22_--2-- 106 | 17,401 672 | 3.86 8 3 65 4 | 80 | 38 Other States _____ 52 | 4,380 247 | 5.64 4 14 9 1 28 | 52 Motalts 423. 4,192 |565,628 | 14,817 2.62 256 536 | 2,002 108 | 2,902 | 51 | 36 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. If we eliminate the number of animals that were probably infected before they were vaccinated, and which died within forty-eight hours after the injection, also the number of deaths that were acknowledged by the stockowners to be the result of their own mistakes, the num- ber of cases that died after vaccination is reduced to 2,538, or 0.45 per cent. RABIES. During the fiscal year rabies continued to exist in the District ot Columbia and adjacent sections. In consequence of inoculation tests and microscopic examinations made with the medulla and plexiform ganglion, respectively, of suspected cases, the following positive re-_ sults have been obtained: Results of inoculation tests and nicroscopic examinations for rabies. e . Histological Date paecor as) Source. eae Seana: | Persons bitten. | Animals bitten. 1901, | July 19 PUP NLD over = 25 POSsitiv.e=-->| -NONe IMNaAGes| sae -s 5 snes ae ee July 24 | 205 | Dog ------ Positive ___.| None made_| Boy: -2 92. eae Aug. 7 | 2103|- Doge === | Positive __._| None made _| Se Se SSS Ee ee Aug. 8 | Py Woy ee = se | Positive _._..| None made_|___._--__--- So et ee Oct. 3 | 216 Doses IBPOSiti VG 22s5] (POSi five; oes |e Git eee eee eee Oct. 9 Zia) DOR see | Positive!=--=|sNone made: | "Mana. 225 Oct. 14 218 | Dog -.--.- Positive ____| Positive __... Man and woman ____| 3 dogs. Nov. 29 Bon Conn oee = Positivers:: None mmades|=ssss eee ee | 1902. | Jan. 24 22 DoOg eee IPositive—2-|SPositive)--cor VWiOmal =a ee | Jan. 24 2250 DOR ea Positives? le means aaa eae are Apr. 3 230 | Cow------ Positives:s.|=None maden| ais. ss el ees ae Apr. 14 233: | Dog =---<- IPOSibIVO Le | MROSLDL VC aoe eee ee eens | Apr. 19 25))| Dog 22-2 | Positive -..-| Positive ----| Man and child _______| Apr. 22 | 236 | Dog __---- Positive s]2|WPOSsitivieisces (Soa eee _| May 7 | ZAI Horse mesa LE ositive. s+ None made:| =e 2 Se | May 14 OS Cowen BROSTtIVe22=| NONne wha dew) ss anee le enliyeee mae emnne | May 22 246 | IDyoyedee Bees IPOSULEV. OF PE OSI ULV Oy | ane a eae eee Seen Several hogs. May 31 PA ELOo eee iRositive:--==|eNonemaddes|=- "sale es see eee June 4 249.) Doe 2s Nonejmade!| Positive 221" |P-22_ ee ee June 13 rani} || IBYoyee eS Positive os) ositive!—_-"|\Man:) Sas ei ae June 18 | 208 |) DOR mess IPOstVer-22|SROSitLVe <=" |as oe er= =e es eee eee | Several dogs. June 30 253 | Dog ---.-- Positive -.:-| Positive eee | 2 dogs. ! GRASSHOPPER DISEASE FUNGUS. The Division of Entomology has received the cooperation of this division during the past year in efforts directed toward the eradication of the destructive grasshopper. A fungus isolated from a number of grasshoppers that were found diseased in the vicinity of Sterling, Colo., has been distributed in subcultures to the farmers in the infected districts, together with other locust fungi which the Division of Ento- mology obtained from South Africa. These molds have been kept alive in this laboratory, subcultures being furnished the Division of Ento- mology on request. During the past year over 780 tubes of fungi have been sent to 17 States in this country and some to several foreign countries. EXPERIMENTS WITH PREVENTIVES FOR ANTHRAX. Anthrax seems to be on the gradual inerease in this country, and it would appear desirable for the Bureau to meet the great demand which has been constantly made by the cattle owners in the infected ~ BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 37 districts for a preventive against the disease. Anthrax vaccination has been adopted to some extent in certain districts, but in a more or less desultory manner, and the fact that it has not become more popular is probably due to the questionable efficiency of these vaccines. In order to test the relative value of both an active and a passive vac- cine, various experiments have been conducted in the laboratory with attenuated bacilli cultures prepared after the method of Pasteur, and also with the serum of previously immunized animals following Sobern- heim’s and Sclavo’s experiments. The comparatively small amount of vaccinal product obtained by the latter methods, the uncertain results which followed when virulent cultures were inoculated into animals that had been treated with the serum, and the necessity for meeting a large demand, should anthrax vaccine be distributed, have shown conclusively that Pasteur’s method is preferable, even though it is necessary to handle the organism of anthrax by this method. These experiments have not been concluded, but it is believed that it will be possible without any great expense to meet the demand for this preventive treatment of anthrax by the beginning of the next anthrax season. Owing to the susceptibility of man to this disease and the extreme care with which any active vaccine, the organism of which is virulent for man, must be handled, it would seem desirable to cooperate with the experiment station veterinarians, State and assistant veterina- rians, or other State sanitary officers rather than to distribute the vae- cine directly to the stock owner. PATHOLOGICAL EXHIBIT. Considerable time was devoted to the preparation, installation, and supervision of an exhibit at the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo, N. Y., and the South Carolina Interstate and West Indian Exposition, at Charleston, 8. C., representing the line of work of this laboratory and its practical application, especially to meat inspection and the preparation of blackleg vaccine. DIAGNOSIS OF SPECIMENS AND ANSWERS TO INQUIRIES. The amount of time that is required for this manner of work has been very great, and, while it does not appear to any great advantage in a report of this nature, it has many beneficial results in disseminating important knowledge, and is greatly appreciated by those directly interested. During the past year there were 40,886 pieces of mail sent out by the division with reference to the distribution of blackleg vaccine. ZOOLOGICAL DIVISION. PUBLICATION OF THE CARD CATALOGUE, Owing to repeated requests from various sources, and also to the risk of fire in the laboratory building, it was decided to undertake the publication of our card catalogue, which has been so long in prepa- ration and which is invaluable. This has involved a great amount of work in verifying references which were copied from various authors and in making the abbreviations and style uniform. The ‘‘A” authors have already been issued, the ‘‘B” authors are in press, and the remaining authors are about ready for publication. 38 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. CONTINUATION OF EXPERIMENTS IN TREATING CATTLE, SHEEP, AND GOATS FOR ROUND WORMS. The experiments in this line have been highly successful, and the results of the work have already been published. The treatment with al per cent solution of coal-tar creosote has been found to be the most satisfactory of any of the methods tried in cases of infection with free nematodes in the fourth stomach. This method entails only one-fourth to one-ninth the manual labor that is required when the gasoline treatment is used, and it seems to involve less risk of acci- dent to the animals. The medicine itself, when made up in large quantities, costs less than one-half cent per dose. A recent letter from Dr. Peters, of the Nebraska experiment station, states that upon reading the Bureau’s account of this method of treatment, he tested the same for round worms in hogs and that it excels any other method known to him. The best results, in case of infection with free round worms below the stomach, were obtained by combined doses of ereo- sote and thymol. No success was obtained in attempting to treat cases of infection with round worms eneysted in the wall of the stom- ach orthe intestine. All experiments with the most approved methods (intratracheal injections) of treating verminous bronchitis were also negative. SURRA. Owing to the diagnosis of surra among the army horses and mules in the Philippines, the zoological laboratory was suddenly called upon for an emergency report on this disease. An extensive report has been prepared and issued, and it is hoped that its contents will enable the prompt recognition of this disease should it appear in the United States. HOOK-WORM DISEASE IN MAN. Persons such as miners, excavators, farmers, etc., whose daily work brings them in contact with moist dirt, are subject, in Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, and Central America, to a disease known under the various names of uncinariasis, anchylostomiasis, brick- maker’s disease, etc. A few cases of this malady have been reported for the United States, but it has been assumed that such cases were imported directly or indirectly from Europe. During this last year, however, we have been able to prove that this malady, as it occurs in the United States, is due to two distinct parasites. Oneof these is the Old World hook worm (Uncinaria duodenalis), so common in Italy and Africa, and the other is an endemic New World form, which Dr. Stiles, zoologist of the Bureau, has named Uncinaria americana. This disease is an important one from the agricultural standpoint because of its frequency in farm hands in certain countries, and the indications are that it is much more common in this country than has heretofore been supposed. At the request of Dr. Walter Wyman, Surgeon-General of the United States Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service, the zoolog- ical laboratory has prepared an article upon this disease, giving an account of the structure and life history of the parasite, together with a Ciscussion of symptoms, treatment, prevention, ete. BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 39 MISCELLANEOUS WORK. ‘The zoological laboratory has been called upon for the determina- tion of a number of parasites of various kinds which have been sent in by farmers, veterinarians, physicians, boards of health, ete., and has issued several publications describing some of the forms in ques- tion. The zoologist was also detailed to the United States Army Medical School, at the request of Surgeon-General Sternberg, to give a course of instruction in medical zoology to the newly appointed medical officers. DETAILS TO SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS. The zoologist was also detailed to represent the Department of Agriculture at the international zoological congress held in Berlin, Germany, in 1901, and has continued to serve on the international commission on zoological nomenclature. THE BUREAU EXPERIMENT STATION. During the year ended June 30, 1902, the station was compelled to give so much time to the work required of it by the several labora- tories of the Bureau that practically no independent investigations of importance could be undertaken. This is true not only with respect to time, but also with regard to the space and facilities for properly handling experiments concerning a variety of infectious diseases. In addition to testing a number of supposedly pathogenic germs on cattle, donkeys, hogs, sheep, and smaller experiment animals, inves- tigations concerning the following diseases were conducted during the year: Hog cholera, swine plague, tuberculosis, tetanus, rabies, anthrax, Texas fever, foot rot of sheep, an infectious disease of horses resem- bling and probably identical with maladie du coit, and a number of affections of minor importance. Other work conducted by the experi- ment station was the growing of several varieties of cattle ticks; experiments with drugs for the removal of internal parasites from domestic animals; the production of antitoxic sera for the treatment of swine plague, hog cholera, tuberculosis, and tetanus; the care and protection from exposure to disease of animals for producing normal sera, and the breeding and rearing of numerous small experiment animals for the use of the Bureau laboratories. MISCELLANEOUS DIVISION. QUARANTINES. The work of the quarantine stations during the past fiscal year shows a marked increase over that of the preceding year, more than double the number of cattle having passed through the various quar- antine stations. Quarantine station for the port of Baltiémore.—Necessary repairs were made on the buildings, fences, water-supply apparatus, and load- ing and unloading chutes for this station, located at Halethorp, Md., where 227 head of Hereford cattle were comfortably quarantined. Quarantine station for the port of New York.—The property at Gar- field, N. J., which has been leased by the Government and maintained aS a quarantine station for the port of New York since 1883, was vacated September 30, 1901. The transfer to the new station, having been in progress during the summer, was completed at this time. 40 - DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. The active work of establishing the new quarantine station for the port of New York was begun April 1, 1901. Successful negotiations for a very desirable tract of land at Athenia, Neg: » in sone foothills of the Orange Mountains, 12 miles in a direct line fr om New Y ork, were conducted by the Bureau of Animal Industry, and oe eround was purchased in six pareels from as many separate owners, ata ae that was considered very reasonable for land so favorably located in that section. Immediately after the preliminaries of plotting the ground, laying out the streets, and locating the buildings, the erection of six stables was begun and rapidly pushed to completion. These are of a sub- stantial character and attractive design, constructed of brick, with bluestone trimmings, with front and rear entrances sufficiently wide to admit of the passage through them of a horse and eart, and have been built with a view to securing every possible advantage in the way of sanitation and hygiene. [our of them accommodate 11 cattle each and two 17 each. In addition, during the first half of the fiscal year substantial stone foundations, with cement floors for three larger buildings, were erected and temporary stables moved from the old station were placed on them, one having a capacity of 80 head of cat- tle, the other two 22 each. Tothese accommodations there were also added six frame stables, which were likewise removed from the old station, giving an additional ‘apacity of 208 eattle. At the close of the fiscal year it is found that cattle, sheep, and hogs in quarantine here, together with those for which permits have been issued, will occupy all of the available space; and it is the pur- pose of the Department to erect permanent structures of brick and stone of the same design as the first six stables, and of varying capacities, in order to accommodate both large and small importa- tions, until this station shall afford ample room and proper facilities for quarantining all animals of the class requiring quaranti:» that shippers may desire to enter at the port of New York, and until per- manent brick and stone stables shall have supplanted the old frame barns brought over from Garfield and put up to meet the immediate needs of the station. The above 15 buildings have an aggregate capacity of 410 cattle when the box stalls are used for large bulls or single animals. They might, under certain conditions, as when two or more small eattle could be placed in a box stall, accommodate 425 eattle. The Department has expended thus far for land, buildings, and improvements, including an adequate water system for all purposes, about $61,000; and the appropriation by Congress, available July 1, will admit of the further erection of buildings and the continuance of improvements. Quarantine station for the port of Boston.—This station is favorably located in a beautiful section of country at Littleton, Mass., and has received such attention, repairs, and improvements as were required to make it a desirable quarantine station, and, like the station at Baltimore, offers to importers advantages that are liable to be over- looked simply through the fact of a lesser prominence and popularity as a port of entry when compared with New York. Animals quarantined.—The animals enumerated have all been subjected to inspection and quarantine, the length of the quarantine period being fixed in accordance with the requirements for the sub- division of the class to which they belong. The imports of animals BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 41 from Cana‘a not subject to quarantine at quarantine stations com- prised 27,716 eattle, 148,313 sheep, 3,305 horses, 5,356 hogs, 2 dogs, 5 goats, | mule, and 2 moose—total, 184,700. The following table shows the number and kinds of animals detained in quarantine for the requisite time: Station. Cattle. | Sheep. | Hogs. + PApHGLONEIMOSS aoe cee ew ee oe eee oe wont Sloe 60 Aes Seer ee AT ETON a ieee eo Nee oo OR oo cad 62 8 | 5 JMilateraineya ls feel ioe ae i ee ie manna See SEES shes 2 ET a ae 588 118 | i Fileilevin tora iCal ves Mee a Ee ee rene _| Pref (Nan Se ee beet Ae oe LEtoynrite ivietroy agi tiles See oe ee Se Pe ae aa ere wee Se ee eee er pdt ele eo ee) ee ee DY ET oT dN BCA 2 RS oo Ee a ee ee eee ee 2 | 2 1 SEEITIM) TS UG. WG Oe AT DS Eh pe a ee er ee ese Pl eed Ore ae ee PPO LIS OUGT On INEM Vig ee Se epee ae nd ome ot LE veel. ee Le | See ee Sika gee ee Eat gee RS 8 EI tea fie ESSE Le ERR SE MAD ee Gilets See ie e hay PNR EAGT LECT TS gn = AE See ee ee ee eee te ene eae oe AN Sek ed Sos Sea ta = BES Cape Vincent, N. Ny Sree ES oe es Se eee eee ee | ei ee Sr | ee Se Buffalo, N.Y - nD ore Sea. ee ee oe ae ee oe pL ed a Charlotte, N.Y __..---.---- Late, Ween ee Te Bee beemeee She 0s eee ee ee ee ire By |e esueles RicbLords Vib oo. -8. fess. a es SEE a Pest aR a SB oeek 8 | 2 5 BNOWIEOE UaViG aeee a - fee eet a ees Lone s eee e bes cack eed oles pee soceaee 19 | | ie ee ae SRST FETC CORICL OAV p at ts a 8 Eo Ne es ee ee le ee ESS oe a 3 BRC Heal Viti seeren. Pee a been see ce ee Pato cae sce ct cccse.saceue 101 | iL heat e Skopdhrapi cite) fe Sek EPs ee eee ee geen ee eee he ges eee eee ee ee en ee See 45 | 39 | 4 (EEE wacere aaa Ts We Sa Suge oe 1) (rape ae eee ee NOTES IRIOYE mere et eet eee See eee ore ht NPameees aoece soos 4 | 6 | 1 Silay [Minshater etek (CPN ee Ramee Se kia Oe Oe Pe Tee ge Lea ee ae ar ere ire ee 5 Bese YS q it a oe Peep ee eee spe Seat, sf | 1,274 | 231 | 33 There was also imported through the port of New York and quar- antined, under the supervision of the superintendent of the Athenia, N. J., quarantine station, the following: Forty-six deer, 5 aoudads, 1 yak, 2 elephants from India, 2 wart hogs, 43 camels, 9 antelopes, 6 goats, 1 horned horse, 4 llamas, 2 alpacas, | wild boar, ] chamois, 2 guanacos, 1 anoa, 7 caribou—total, 155 animals; through the port of Boston, Mass., and quarantined under the supervision of the superintendent of the quarantine station at Littleton, Mass., 6 deer, 1 camel, and 1 Nama—total, 8 animals; at Philadelphia, Pa., and quarantined under the supervision of the inspector in charge for that port, where z special temporary quarantine was established for the purpose, 9 deer, 2 wart hogs, 6 camels, 1 horned horse, 1 water buffalo, and 1 thar—total, 20 animals; Detroit, Mich., 1 goat; San Francisco, Cal., 7 Uamas. This makes a total of 1,649 imported animals that were quarantined. The official veterinarian stationed at London, England, in acecord- ance with the requirements of Bureau of Animal Industry Order No. 79, under date of November 10, 1900, which provides for the testing with tuberculin by an inspector of this Bureau of all cattle over 6 months old which are to be imported into the United States, has tested of the different breeds of purebred cattle in various parts of Great Britain, 1,067 cattle, of which 139 reacted and 928 passed, as follews: Breed Passed j os d Breed Passed j Nens3 d UO TUHORT = sees oon 32s 84 PIM WOELOLeLOnd sees ek 3528S o 228 294 | 15 LGTY Les) See ees | 191 US| | rablowraives Sse.- 525 5g- = L232 5 eee ee Aberdeen Angus ___.-_.___-- 186 ion WDextorikcerry': <2 225. 2251. Lot /See eS JV gel Why) oe ee ee 25 8 —_—_ Gruerndey we set ae 79 11 L864 1) ps as oe ce 928 139 FLOOR OI) 22 ape = ES Ao a 53 4 42 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS In Canada the veterinarians of this Eee ee a tested with tuber- culin 382 cattle, of which 355 passed and 27 reacted, as follows: aa Ses Re- 6 5 Re- Breed. Passed. | jected. Breed. Passed. jected | Aberdeen Angus .--.-.._----- Bi ees= see || @Asvars Hare ess ee re 17 6 JIGTSEh Rea a ee ee DAN||ee oe wees MAD irises wane eu eee qa em eile orl 3 Ui ee I HIGPeLOLgd pets ee oe 26 | IN iGuradlestaen.) staan eee B4sle ee ee Shorthonniessse eee 188 | 20 || — IHOlsteinke esse. 2 ewe ee 9 | ee. eer Total: <> -= see 355 | 27 A VENEREAL DISEASE OF HORSES. The work which the Bureau has been carrying on for the purpose of eradicating an infectious venereal disease of horses, whieh work has been continued throughout the year, has not given ‘those results that it was hoped would be secured. The semiwild « condition of much of the country over which the disease had spread, as comprised in the Rosebud and Pine Ridge Indian reservations, South Dakota, and. other parts of South Dakota, Nebraska, and Wyoming, together with the prejudices and the lack of cooperation and aid that should have been given by the owners and others whose interests were to be served, proved serious hindrances. Another obstacle consists in the methods of certain horse traders, whocommenee at the northwestern corner of the State of Nebraska with a mixed lot of horses, many of which are very inferior, and trade all the way across the State to the Missouri River, frequently giving two horses for one, thus leaving behind such animals as might have shown indications of disease or of being unsound, so that they would reach the Missouri River with a greatly improved band of horses, and pos- sibly scatter a number that were diseased along the route, as they aim to get rid of all suspicious animals before reaching the eastern border of the State. Three diseased mares and one stallion have been shipped in from the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation to the experiment station of the Bureau, located at Bethesda, Md., for the purpose of giving oppor- tunity for a closer clinical study of the disease and for procuring fresh material for laboratory investigation. ‘The work in this connection has been of an encouraging character, but, owing to the fact that the stallion’s condition rendered him valueless except for post-mortem work, this specimen of the disease was unsatisfactory. However, valuable progress has been made and work in these lines is being con- tinued, and it is hoped that both the investigation as to the causative agent and its life history, as well as the attempt of the Bureau to stamp out the disease, will, as a result of broader and more aggressive operations, which are in contemplation for the early fall, soon meet with success. During the year 10 diseased stallions were purchased and slaugh- tered at an average cost of $25 each, or $250; 29 diseased stallions were castrated, and 76 diseased mares were purchased and slaughtered at an average cost of about $18.35, or $1,395, makinga total of $1,645. Seven diseased mares were slaughtered, owners unknown, for which nothing was paid. At the close of the fiscal year, 15 diseased mares are held in quarantine to be disposed of. BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 43 MISCELLANEOUS WORK. In addition to the work in connection with the animal quarantines as above, this division has a general supervision of the accounts and other work of the Bureau of Animal Industry as follows: Salaries, reimbursement of expenses incurred by its officers and employees in travel and at various stations; apparatus and supplies for the various divisions, their laboratories, the experiment station, and quarantine stations; all accounts of every character that are paid from the appropriation for the Bureau of Animal Industry; ; the preparation of an itemized report to each Congress, showing in detail the character of expenditures and the use of the appropriation; the making out of all appointments, transfers, promotions, furloughs, reinstatements, resignations, and dismissals; the making of requisitions and securing of informal bids for all materials and supplies used throughout the work of the Bureau, and the necessary letter writing incident thereto. The division also has charge of the preparation of replies to numerous letters requesting information in regard to the diseases of animals and poultry, their causes and treatment, and various other matters pertaining to breeds, breeding, and care of domesticated animals and allied subjects. This is the character of the routine work performed each year. DAIRY DIVISION. The work of the dairy division during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1902, has resembled that of previous years so closely that it ean be largely reported in the language formerly used. A general survey of the condition of the dairy industry of the country at large was begun upon the organization of the division. This has been continued and special inquiries have been made, such as the status of dairy organizations, dairy schools and facilities for technical instruction, State dairy laws, the development of foreign markets for the dairy products of this country, the milk supply of cities and towns and laws and ordinances relating thereto. Some reports have been printed and others are in course of preparation. As heretofore, attention is given to the collection of dairy data in general, with a view to their proper arrangement and future use. So far as the clerical force of the office permits, the material collected has been indexed for ready reference. Although necessarily much in arrears, this catalogue of dairy information is of great value and in constant use. The routine work of the office continues to increase and has become so great as to be managed with some difficulty, even with the increased clerical force provided. This routine embraces general correspond- ence, with many requests for specific information from all parts of the country, preparing instructions for the dairy inspectors in the field and attention to their reports, and the preparation of reports and other man- uscripts for publication. During this year the division has prepared four distinct publications for distribution and nearly completed two others, the publication of which is necessarily somewhat delayed. These, collectively, comprise about 200 printed pages, nearly three- fourths of which first appeared in the annual repert of the Bureau, and were separately reprinted. All have been liberally illustrated yore original photographs obtained for the division or made by its officers. 44 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Dairy centers in fifteen different States have been visited during the year by the chief or assistant chief of the division, and conven- tions of dairy associations and similar bodies have been attended in ten States. A special agent of the Bureau, on duty for this division, visited Japan, China, and the Philippines for the purpose of investi- gating market conditions and arranging for a series of experimental exports of dairy products from this country. Another special agent examined the conditions along the Canadian border with reference to dairy products crossing the line in the course of exports. A third special agent made an ‘investigation into the manufacture of certain kinds of cheese in Belgium and Holland. Experimental exports of dairy products have been made to Japan, China, Cuba, and Porto Rico. This method of making known the better grades of these products has resulted in somewhat increased sales by merchants in San Francisco and New York, and some parties elsewhere, but inadequate or unsuitable transportation facilities, the destructive climates of some of the countries referred to, and other unfavorable conditions prevent any rapid increase in this trade. Japanese markets may well be further cultivated from the Pacific coast, but in China, aside from condensed milk, the fresh supplies from Australia possess advantages with which shipments from this country can not successfully compete. Inquiry by correspondence indicates that there are good opportunities for finding markets for dairy products from the United States in Mexico and South America, if proper exertions are made in that direction. Commencing with this fiscal year, and in accordance with an act of Congress approved March 2, 1901, a system was inaugurated for inspecting dairy products offered for export, affixing stamps to the same, and certifying to the character and quality of the articles. ‘The law states the object to be ‘‘ ascertaining the purity and quality of such products” and ‘‘to secure their identity and make known in the markets of foreign countries to which they may be sent from the United States their purity, quality, and grade.” Although the authority granted may cover all dairy exports, it has been deemed expedient, at least for the present, to confine the certification to products which special inspection shows to be ‘‘ pure, of high quality, and suitable for export.” Special agents were accordingly appointed and placed on duty as ‘‘inspectors of dairy exports” at the ports of Boston, New York, and San Francisco, and also at Chicago. This service has been occasional only, or more or less continuous, accord- ing to the needs of the respective localities. During this fiseal year the relations of foreign markets to those of the United States have been rather abnormal, prices being such in this country as to prevent any considerable export of high- erade goods other than condensed milk and cream. While the service of these inspectors has therefore resulted in obtaining full information as to the character of our dairy export trade and the cire umstances attending it, there have been few inspections requested by exporters and still “fewer certificates given. At the request of the Secretary of the Navy, this Department has assisted in perfecting specifications and arranging for the execution of contracts for securing an improved supply of butter for the Navy. Inspectors representing this division have been stationed at the piaces of manufacture, and have seen that only butter of extra quality has been packed and delivered under these contracts. The result has been that the butter in naval stores has been of a higher average quality BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 45 than ever before, while the cost of the same has been relatively low— a decided saving over the system of previous years. Incident to the experimental exports and the inspection service noted, a large number of chemical analyses of milk, condensed milk, and cream, butter, and cheese have been necessary. This work has been accomplished by the dairy laboratory of the biochemic division of this Bureau, where a chemist and laboratory assistant have been kept constantly employed. In this connection special studies have been made of the products of nearly all dairy countries of the world, as found in many foreign markets. Experimental studies have also been made of the essential differences between (natural) butter, renovated butter, and butterine or oleomargarine, and the most prac- tical methods of distinguishing or identifying these different articles. At the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo the dairy division con- tributed a portion of the exhibit of this Bureau and provided for its arrangement. Later, the same exhibit was made at the Charleston Exposition. The act of Congress approved May 9, 1902, by its section 5 (and incidentally under section 4), places certain specific and important duties upon the Secretary of Agriculture, relating to the manufacture, interstate commerce, and export of ‘‘renovated butter,” and the details of administration have been assigned to the dairy division. The work resulting from this action will be noted later. Disconnected officially with this office, and yet closely related to it, has been certain work performed during the year in connection with the Twelfth United States Census. The chief of this division received from the Director of the Census, early in the year 1900, an appoint- ment as expert special agent (without compensation) in charge of the statistics of butter, cheese, and condensed-milk factories. Advisory and supervisory duties were performed accordingly, from time to time, ending with the preparation of a report upon the establishments of the class indicated, and the data obtained from them, in the divi- sion of manufactures, which was published in June, as Census Bulle- tin No. 189. This office was also frequently consulted by the agri- cultural division of the Census, as to editing the dairy data collected from farms. The work of the dairy division during the fiscal year 1902-1905 will embrace, in large measure, a continuation of that of previous years and also include several material additions. The condition of the dairy industry in the United States will be studied in all its aspects, with a view to determining the most favor- able opportunities for progress and improvements and assisting in their accomplishment so far as practicable. The dairying of other countries must also be observed, productive conditions noted, the demands of consumption and of all foreign markets watched, and such action taken as is possible in the interest of extending foreign trade in dairy products. Relations will be maintained with State dairy officials, with the voluntary organizations of dairymen, and with the dairy schools in numerous States, in order to be informed of their proceedings and cooperate with them so far as may be advisable. The investigations of the agricultural experiment stations along dairy lines will be closely watched and facts collected which may be usefully disseminated. This division will conduct investigations by itself or in cooperation with suitable agencies. Itis proposed in particular to study the meth- 46 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. ods of preparation, chemical composition, and keeping quality of cream- ery butter, and special methods of preparing and packing butter for export to warm climates; also to test the recommended methods of curing cheese at low temperature. The very important subject of municipal milk supply needs further attention, and the preparation of a special report upon it is intended. Other reports are also in preparation and proposed. Among them will be a compilation of dairy statistics of this and other countries, and the latest available. The inspection of dairy products exported from this country, which has been largely experimental during the past year, is expected to assume asystematic condition during the present one. Much depends, however, upon the dairy markets at home and abroad and the com- mercial conditions which influence the export trade. Inspection of the manufacture and interstate commerce of renovated butter will be begun at once under act approved May 9, 1902, going into effect July 1, 1902. In this connection it is proposed to make special exertions to have all renovated butter hereafter exported from this country so thoroughly stamped, marked, and labeled as to insure its commercial identity and make known its true name and character to buyers and consumers, so long as the merchandise is within the jurisdiction of the United States; also to inform the principal import- ers of foreign countries, and of Great Britain in particular, in regard to the law and the action thereunder by this Department. REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY, Washington, D. C., September 24, 1902. Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith a report giving an outline of some of the more important operations of the Bureau of Plant Industry for the fiseal year 1901-1902. Respectfully, B. T. GALLOWAY, Chief. Hon. JAMES WILSON, Secretary. SUMMARIZED STATEMENT OF THE YEAR’S WORK. Some of the more important matters which have come before the Bureau since the last report was issued may be briefly summarized as follows: The Agrostologist, Prof. F. Lamson-Scribner, resigned to accept the position of chief of the insular bureau of agriculture in the Philip- pines, and Prof. W. J. Spillman, of the Washington Agricultural College, was put in charge of the grass and forage plant work. The Physiologist and Pathologist, Mr. Albert F. Woods, was, by authority of Congress, made chief of Bureau in the absence of the chief. Dr. B. M. Duggar severed his connection with the Department to take the chair of botany in the Missouri State University. Professor Scribner and Dr. Duggar were made collaborators of the Bureau. Four additional lines of plant work, namely, the Arlington Experi- mental Farm, tea cultural investigations, purchase and distribution of valuable seeds and plants, and the investigations of domestic sugar production, were, by authority of Congress, brought within the Bureau. Cooperation in various lines of work was effected with 30 experiment stations. Plan for effective work on farm management put into operation. Demonstration experiments to show the practical value of a number of lines of work were inaugurated in 20 States and Ter- ritories. Agricultural explorations were continued in India, China, Japan, and other countries. Twenty bulletins, 7 miscellaneous papers, and 6 Farmers’ Bulletins were issued. One hundred and seventy-five thousand letters were received and answered. Diseases of the sugar beet, cotton, cranberry, apple, pear, and peach received special atten- tion. Encouraging results in the treatment of bitter rot of the apple and pear blight were obtained. Plant-breeding work on corn, cotton, and cereals gave encouraging results. A number of the new hybrid cottons secured are more valuable than existing forms. Investigations of alkali-resistant plants inaugurated, and breeding and selection experiments begun to develop plants adapted to alkali soils. The macaroni wheat industry established, 1,500,000 bushels being grown as a result of the work of the previous year in the distribution of seed 47 48 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. and general encouragement of the industry. Encouraging results in the use of macaroni wheat by factories secured. Hard Russian wheats proved successful in a number of western States where other hardy varieties had failed. A new and simple method of rapidly propa- gating and distributing nitrifyi ing organisms discovered, making it practicable to materially improve cultivation of leguminous crops. The value of American-grown clover seed over the European product demonstrated. New method of cleaning and handling grass seed dis- covered, materially increasing the value of the crop. Investigations of drug and medicinal plants inaugurated, to determine the practica- bility of growing plants which are now largely imported. Increased facilities for the study of western ranges and their improvement secured. Investigations inaugurated to secure substitutes for red clover. Extended experiments inaugurated to develop the possibilities of alfalfa culture in the Eastern United States and in the South. A number of successful experiments in the shipment of American fruits to foreign countries made. Peaches shipped from Georgia and Con- necticut to London markets yield handsome profit. Pears and apples also successfully shipped. Experiments to determine the best methods of handling, wrapping, and shipping such fruits gave encouraging results. Extensive experiments inaugurated to determine best meth ods of fruit storage. Methods discovered whereby the injury through ‘‘scald” in storage may be materially lessened. Varietal tests of apples to determine their relative storage value made. Viticultural investigations inaugurated, having for their object the encouragement of grape culture in “all parts of the country, special studies of resist- ant stocks being made. Experiments in the methods of bench and field grafting V inifera grapes inaugurated. Experimental vineyards established in North Carolina and other Southern States gave inter- esting results. Simple method for rapidly cultivating the pecan and other nut trees discovered. Work of gardens and grounds reorgan- ized and placed in charge of the Horticulturist. New glass houses constructed and facilities for advanced horticultural work secured. Arlington Farm surveyed, drainage work continued, and experimental investigations in a number of lines inaugurated. New facts in regard to commercial tea culture secured and improvements made in the gen- eral methods of cultivation, pruning, and handling the product. Nine thousand pounds of commercial tea produced, most of which ranks with the high-grade imported kinds. The work of securing and distributing seeds and plants reorganized. New cereals, includ- ing wheats, oats, rye, and barley introduced and distributed. New varieties of rice secur ed and distributed in the rice-growing sections of Texas and Louisiana. A shipment of 225 date trees secured from Persia and planted in the experimental date orchard in Arizona. The date orchard now comprises 11 acres and contains 580 imported trees, besides 80 native seedlings, all doing well. Successful introduction of Egyptian clover, or ber seem, from Egypt. Successful introduction of the Jordan almond. Successful introduction of a number of alkali- resistant alfalfas and cottons. Under the accompanying heads some of the more important details connected with the foregoing synopsis are given. WORK OF THE YEAR. In accordance with the recommendations made by you in your last report and submitted in your estimates, the several lines of plant BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. 49 work affiliated under this Bureau by Executive order were brought together by authority of Congress. The work of the Bureau, there- fore, is now conducted by the following offices: (1) Vegetable Pathological and Physiological Investigations. 2) Botanical Investigations and Experiments. 3) Pomological Investigations. 4) Grass and Forage Plant Investigations. t5) Experimental Gardens and Grounds. (6) Arlington Experimental Farm. (7) Tea-culture investigations. (8) Purchase and distribution of valuable seeds. (9) Investigating production of domestic sugar. _ There have been but few changes in the organization since my last report. Acting upon your recommendation to Congress, the Plant Pathologist and Physiologist, in charge of the investigations in pathology and phy siology, was, by act of Congress, authorized to act as chief of Bureau in the absence of the chief. Early in the year Prof. F. Lamson-Seribner severed his connection as Agrostologist of the Department to accept a position as chief of the insular bureau of agriculture in the Philippines. Professor Scribner was made a collaborator of this Department, and is organizing his work in such a way as to bring about a close relationship between agricultural researches in this country and in the Philippines. Prof. W. J. Spill- man, of the Washington Agricultural College, was made Agrostologist of the Department and entered upon his duties January 1, 1902. Near the close of the fiscal year Dr. B. M. Duggar, Physiologist, resigned his position to accept the chair of botany in the Missouri State University. Dr. Duggar has been made a collaborator of the Bureau and will continue important investigations in connection with the Department. Owing to the increased work of the Bureau, a num- ber of new assistants were secured for various lines of investigation. In most cases these have been appointed from the registers prepared by the Civil Service Commission from examinations held to fill such places. In addition to the assistants thus engaged, a number of scientific aids and student assistants have been brought into the 3ureau and have been assigned to important investigations connected with research work. The scientific aids are proving a valuable addi- tion to the Bureau workers, and as time goes on will eventually become the chief source for recruiting our workers, as the older men are called away by offers elsewhere. ENCOURAGEMENT OF ADVANCED WORE IN THE BUREAU. Since the reorganization of the Bureau the policy has been to encour- age the most advaneed work by placing the responsibility for different lines of investigation and research directly upon the men themselves. It is believed that the best results can be obtained always by assign- ing men to different lines of work and making them feel the respon- sibility for its advancement. Wherever this policy is carried out there is a worthy ambition to advance in all directions, and as a result the Bureau, as a whole, feels an impetus which can be given in no other way. In all cases the investigators in the different lines are encour- aged to make their work as thoroughly practical as possible. It is of course recognized that no valuable practical work can be carried on AGR 1902——4 50 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. unless based on sound scientific principles. Hence the necessity for maintaining the proper relationship between careful scientific research and the practical application of such research. COOPERATIVE WORK WITH EXPERIMENT STATIONS. The importance of close cooperation with the experiment stations has been fully recognized by this Bureau, and for this reason a number of lines of important work have been entered upon which, it is believed, will be helpful to the Department and advantageous to the stations. There are many local questions connected with crop production with which the Department is not primarily concerned, but there are other questions of a broader nature which can not be bounded by State lines and which the Department can well look into and advance mate- rially with the aid of station workers. It is such problems as these that are chiefly concerned in the matter of cooperation. In all such work it isrecognized that there must be proper and harmonious arrange- ments between the officers of the stations and the officers of the Department. We have always held that no action in regard to coop- erative work should be taken at the stations without first consulting the responsible officers, who are in touch with all the conditions which surround them and who are in a position to know the lines of work best suited to different officers under them. After preliminary arrange- ments are made with the officers of the station it has been our policy to have a definite understanding or agreement, in which the responsi- bilities of the Department and the responsibilities of the station are both shown. After such arrangements are entered into the matter of carrying out the details of the work may well be left to those who are directly interested in it. Under such arrangements the Depart- ment is now cooperating with the following stations along the lines briefly indicated: Arizona.—The Agrostologist, Prof. W. J. Spillman, has under his direction cooperative work with this station in the study of the general subject of range improvement, particularly to ascertain the present condition of certain range areas with reference to vegetation, rainfall, surface erosion, amount and kind of stock carried and history of their management, and the amount of stock of various kinds that may be maintained on various parts of ranges without deterioration of the forage. There are also arrangements for testing various kinds of grasses and forage plants with reference to their value on the ranges. A large tract of land, covering something over 500 square miles, has been set aside for this work, and it is believed that excel- lent opportunities will be afforded here for solving important prac- tical problems connected with range management. The director of the Arizona station has been made a collaborator of the Bureau, and will aid in managing the principal details of this work. California.—In California the Agrostologist is directing cooperative experiments to determine the best methods for controlling or prevent- ing the drifting of sand, and especially the planting and testing of sand-binding plants for this purpose. The subject of sand binders isan important one for the Pacifie coast, and the cooperative work with the California station will be of great practical value in solving problems connected with this matter. Colorado.—-The Botanist in charge of Seed and Plant Introduction work, Mr. A. J. Pieters, has under his direction cooperative work BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. Bek with this station looking to the determination of important questions connected with the growing of high-grade sugar-beet seed in the United States on a commercial scale. The work at this station is a part of a series of similar experiments which will be briefly referred to under the headings of the other States. The Agrostologist has under his direction experiments to determine the best grasses and forage plants for arid and alkali soils, and the best methods for main- taining permanent meadows and pastures. Delaware.—The Agrostologist is conducting cooperative experiments with the Delaware station to determine what plants are most suitable for cover crops in orchards. Illinois.—Cooperative work with this station is under way for the purpose of obtaining facts in regard to the production of sugar-beet seed and is carried on by the Botanist in charge of Seed and Plant Introduction work. The work at this station is largely confined to the comparative testing of seed of different origin. The fact that there is no beet-sugar factory within convenient distance makes it desirable to carry on work here on a commercial seale. TIowa.—Under the direction of the Pathologist and Physiologist, Mr. Albert F. Woods, cooperative work with this station is being car- ried on chiefly in the line of cereal studies, the object being to obtain facts bearing on the improvement of cereals and the practicability of growing certain cereal crops in Iowa. Kansas.—The Agrostologist is conducting experiments with this station to determine the best grasses and forage plants for arid lands, the value of these plants for hay and pasture, and the best methods of range improvement. The Pathologist and Physiologist is also coop- erating with this station with a view to obtaining facts bearing on the production of cereals in the arid portions of the State, the testing of cereal varieties, and other work. Kentucky.—The Agrostologist is conducting cooperative experi- ments with the Kentucky station, studying the rotation of crops in its relation to yield and farm management; studying and recording the morphological and physiological characters of grass and forage plants with relation to economic value; studying annual fodder crops with relation to yield and suitability for soiling and silage purposes; studying the methods of establishing and maintaining permanent meadows and pastures, and investigating the growing of commercial seeds and testing the value of seeds grown in different districts. This last work is under the direction of the Botanist in charge of the Seed and Plant Introduction work. The Botanist is conducting work to determine the value of clover seed obtained from different foreign countries and different parts of this country Lowisiana.—Under the direction of the Botanist, Mr. Frederick V. Coville, there is being conducted at this station an experiment for the purpose of growing and studying several varieties of sweet pota- toes, to determine their botanical characteristics and market value. . Maine.—The Botanist is conducting work to determine the value of clover seed obtained from different foreign countries and different parts of the United States. Maryland.—The Agrostologist is conducting investigations for the purpose of finding the best crops for use in securing a continuous soiling series for dairy and farm stock, and the Botanist is cooperat- 52 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. ing upon variety testing of the sweet potato for the purpose of improving varieties. The Botanist is also conducting work to deter- mine the value of clover seed obtained from different foreign coun- tries and different parts of the United States, and the Pathologist and Physiologist is cooperating in cereal work. Michigan.—The Agrostologist is conducting work for the purpose of determining the best methods for controlling or preventing the drifting of sand, and is testing sand-binding plants for this purpose. The Botanist in charge of Seed and Plant Introduction work is con- ducting investigations looking to the production of sugar-beet seed of high grade, this being a part of the same series of experiments carried on in a number of States. The Botanist is also conducting work at this station in the matter of testing the value of clover seed obtained from various sources. Minnesota.—The Pathologist and Physiologist is cooperating with this station for the purpose of testing and growing the different varie- ties of cereals. Special attention is being given to the breeding of cereals and the growing of new varieties. Missouri.—Under the direction of the Agrostologist cooperative experiments are being made to determine the best method for the formation and management of meadows and pastures. Work has also been inaugurated having for its object the determination of the best forage crop for beet production, and the best methods of feeding such crops. The Bureauof Animal Industry is also cooper- ating in this work. The Pathologist and Physiologist is also cooper- ating with this station in investigations to determine the best methods of combating bitter rot of the apple and cther diseases of orchard fruits. Under the direction of the Botanist cooperative work for testing the value of clover seed obtained from different sources is also being conducted. Nebraska.—The Agrostologist is conducting experiments to deter- mine the best grasses and forage plants for meadows and pastures. There are also being tested the adaptability of recently intro luced forage plants and the productive capacity of annual forage crops for hay. The Pathologist and Physiologist is directing cooperative inves- tigations in the matter of plant-breeding work, especially corn, and in work on diseases of crops. New Hampshire.—The Botanist is conducting work at this station in testing the value of clover seed obtained from various sources. New Mexico.—The Agrostologist is conducting cooperative work to determine the best crops for supplying forage to supplement the ranges and for the improvement of cultivated lands. North Carolina.—The Agrostologist is conducting investigations to determine the best grasses and forage plants for meadows and pas- tures, and the adaptability of recently introduced forage crops, and the Pathologist and Physiologist is directing cooperative work on grape diseases. North Dakota.—The Pathologist and Physiologist is directing coop- erative experiments with this station for the purpose of securing information regarding the production of cereals in the Northwest, and particularly the matter of obtaining new cereals by breeding. Work is also under way in the matter of determining the possibility of growing macaroni and other wheats in the State. The Botanist is BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. 53 also conducting investigations to test the value of clover seed obtained from various sources. New York.—Under the direction of the Botanist in charge of Seed and Plant Introduction, cooperative work on the growing of sugar-beet seed is under way at this station. A number of lots of imported seed have been planted, and comparative tests will be made to determine the relative value of the beets raised from the different lots of seed. Mother beets will also be selected and tested in order to raise seed from them next year. Ohio.—Under the direction of the Botanist, cooperative work is being earried on at this station to test the value of clover seed obtained from various sources. Oregon.—The Agrostologist is conducting cooperative work to deter- mine the best methods for preventing and controlling the drifting of sand and the testing of sand-binding plants for this purpose. The Botanist also is carrying on investigations as to the value of clover seed obtained from various sources. South Dakota.—Under the direction of the Pathologist and Physi- ologist, cereal investigations are being conducted at this station for the purpose of determining questions relating to breeding and the testing of new varieties. The Agrostologist also is conducting coop- erative work at this station to determine the best grasses and forage plants for arid lands, the value of these plants for hay and pasture, and the best methods of renewing worn-out range and pasture lands. Tennessee.—The Agrostologist is conducting at this station cooper- ative experiments looking to the development and distribution of better forage crops than those now grown in the State, especially with regard to yield, hardiness, resistance to drought, quality, ete.; also to determine the effect of change of environment on cultivated plants: to investigate the commercial production of seed; to investigate the problem of crop rotation and the use of fertilizers; to determine the value of various annual crops for hay, soiling, and silage purposes; to investigate the methods of establishing and maintaining permanent meadows and pastures, and to investigate the methods of making hay. The Pathologist and Physiologist is conducting experiments here in the matter of plant breeding and the improvement of crops in general. The Tennessee station is being made a central organization for work which will obtain facts of value to a number of adjacent States. The Botanist is conducting investigations also to test the value of clover seed obtained from various sources. Texas.—The Pathologist and Physiologist is conducting cooperative investigations at this station for the purpose of determining important questions concerning the development of cereals and the adaptability of cereals to different parts of the Southwest. The Agrostologist is carrying on experiments to determine what grasses and forage plants are best for meadow and pasture purposes in Texas, the propermethods of establishing the same, and the value of annual forage plants for hay, pasture, and soiling. Utah.—The Agrostologist is conducting experiments at this station to determine under varying amounts of water the value of certain grasses and forage plants for arid regions. Vermont.—The Botanist is conducting experiments, in cooperation with this station, looking to the improvement and cultivation of certain 54 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. drug-producing plants, the object being to demonstrate the practica- bility of growing such plants in this country. The Agrostologist is conducting experiments to determine the best pasture and meadow grasses for wet lands. Washington.—The Agrostologist is conducting experiments at this station to determine the best and most practical way of improving forage conditions in the dry sections of the Northwest, and for renew- ing the worn-out ranges and devising methods of managing them whereby the highest degree of productivity may be maintained. The Pathologist and Phy siologist is directing investigations in the matter of improvement of cere als adapted to the Northwest. The Botanist is directing experiments in the improvement and cultivation of certain drug-producing plants, such as belladonna, aconite, digitalis, and opium poppy. Wisconsin.—The Pathologist and Physiologist is conducting cooper- ative investigations with this station to determine the value of various cereals, and to obtain information connected with the breeding and improvement of the same. Wyoming.—The Agrostologist is conducting investigations at this station to determine the best grasses and forage plants for arid and alkali soils, and the best methods of establishing and maintaining permanent meadows and pastures. COOPERATION WITH OTHER BUREAUS IN THE DEPARTMENT. In addition to extensive cooperation with experiment stations, this Bureau is also engaged in cooperative work with a number of other Bureaus in the Department. As stated in previous reports, coopera- tion with the Bureau of Soils has been mainly in the direction of investigations upon tobacco. Considerable attention has been given to the diseases of tobacco and problems relating to fermentation and curing of the leaf. Cooperation has also been carried on with this Bureau in studies of alkali problems, and a representative from each Bureau has been sent to Algeria and other countries to make a special study of the conditions there for the purpose of obtaining light on problems of importance in connection with questions in the arid and semiarid West. This work will be more fully referred to under ‘‘ For- eign agricultural explorations.” Cooperative work has been effected with the Bureau of Forestry in studies upon the decay of timber and allied subjects. The representative of this Bureau has been made an officer in the Bureau of Forestry, and is so conducting his investiga- tions as to harmonize all lines of work where the work of the two Bu- reaus comes into close contact. The Bureau of Chemistry is cooperat- ing with this Bureau in the matter of making special studies of fruits under the direction of the Pomologist, and is “also aiding and assisting in work connected with the poisonous plant investigations and drug investigations and the work on cereals. FARM MANAGEMENT. Since the Bureau was organized the need has been felt for a proper coordination of the varied lines of work being carried on, and particu- larly the application of several lines of investigation in the matter of securing practical ends. With a view to making the work of the Bureau of more direct practical benefit to agriculture, arrangements BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. 55 have been perfected for carrying on under one central authority a system of work which we have designated as ‘‘ farm management.” This work has been placed in the hands of Prof. W. J. Spillman, and so far only preliminary surveys and observations have been made for the purpose of inaugurating, as soon as opportunities offer, investiga- tions and studies on a more extended seale. During the summer some special studies have been made of farming conditions in differ- ent parts of the country, and particular attention has been paid to the management of high-class farms. The questions pertaining to rotation of crops, handling of stock, and all such matters have been taken under consideration with a view to determining what steps have been followed and what the results have been in a practical way from operations carried on under the best systems. Some interesting results have been secured from these studies, as it has been shown that systems of farming in different parts of the country are largely the result of conditions of soil, climate, markets, etc., existing in the different regions. There has been developed, in other words, a sys- tem, through long experience, which has given the most practical results and the most profit under the existing surrounding conditions. It is planned, as soon as this work is put into full operation, to con- tinue such special studies and to secure the cooperation of farmers in different sections, with a view to putting into operation systems of farm management that may be worked out by the officers of the Bureau. For example, it will be our object to lay out and plan the best methods of diversified farming in certain parts of the South, to suggest the kinds of crops that may be grown, methods of rotation, methods of controlling diseases, and, in short, all operations which will lead to the greatest profit with the least expenditure of time and money. The same general plan may be followed in connection with work on fruits and work on other crops as well. The question of securing proper statistical data in regard to operations of the most successful farmers will be continued, and this in large measure will form a basis for suggested work in improving conditions in other see- tions of the country. It is believed that work of this kind will be of great practical value, as it will enable the Bureau to put into opera- tion suggestions that may be secured as the result of its extended scientific researches. DEMONSTRATION EXPERIMENTS. Closely allied with’ the foregoing class cf work, the Bureau is put- ting into operation demonstr: ition experiments in a number of direc- tions in different parts of the country. The object of this work is to reach farmers and fruit growers in a direct way. Those who till the soil are, and must necessarily be, conservative, for a mistake means a loss not only of a crop but of a great deal of time as well. Hence suggestions in regard to improving agricultural conditions which may be given in publications, no matter how simple or plain these publi- cations may be, are received with a great deal of conservatism by the great mass of those whom it is intended to benefit. The speculative or venturesome spirit in the farmer is fortunately largely lacking, and it is only here and there that some one with less fear of failure under- takes to put into operation improvements that may be suggested in the bulletins or other papers issued from time to time. Demonstra- tion experiments, however, are intended to act as object lessons, and will go far toward convincing farmers of the utility or nonutility of 56 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. certain kinds of work. Such experiments have been inaugurated in many parts of the country during the past year, and have been used to show the value of different methods of controlling plant diseases, the value of forage crops, the value of new or little- known crops, the value of different methods of harvesting crops, ete. A special effort has been put forth to encourage the erowth of alfalfa in different parts of the country, and to this end demonstration experiments have been inaugurated in ten or twelve States. Representative farmers have been selected in certain regions and have been supplied with sufficient seed to sow from | to 2 acres of this crop. Careful records have been kept by these men as to time of sowing, growth of crop, climatic conditions, ete., and the results obtained show that great interest has been taken in the work. A number of other crops have also been under consideration, and will be more specifically referred to under the reports of the executive officers. FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL EXPLORATIONS. During the year quite extensive foreign agricultural explorations have been carried on by the Bureau. Dr. Seaman A. Knapp was sent on a special mission to the Orient for the purpose of securing infor- mation, and seeds and plants of special value to the South. The par- ticular object of this trip was to obtain further facts pertaining to rice culture, and to secure, if possible, new varieties of rice adapted to conditions in the States of Louisiana and Texas. The question of forage crops was also considered, and careful studies were made of these subjects in the Philippines, Japan, China, and India. Dr. Knapp returned to this country early in May, and brought with him the seed of a number of new crops which are being grown and tested in the South. Through the generosity of Hon. Barbour Lathrop, the Department has been able to secure much valuable information and a number of important introductions from foreign countries. Mr. Lathrop has taken a deep interest in this work and, at his own expense, has been making special studies in a number of foreign countries, assisted by Mr. D.G. Fairchild. Both Mr. Lathrop and Mr. Fairchild are working through the Department, but, as already indi- cated, the expenses are in the main borne by Mr. Lathrop. Since my last report these gentlemen have visited India, China, Japan, and a number of other foreign countries and, as already pointed out, have been instrumental in securing many valuable additions to our list of crop introductions. Late in the year Mr. Thomas H. Kearney, of this Bureau, and Mr. Thomas H. Means, of the Bureau of Soils, were sent to the arid and semiarid regions of Africa for the purpose of securing information upon alkali crops and alkali soils which would enable us to improve the agricultural conditions in the arid and semiarid regions of this country. “Mr. Kearney is making aspecial study of the crops, while Mr. Means is studying soil conditions. These gentlemen will secure seeds and plants wherever practicable, and the soil studies made will undoubtedly be of great value in enabling us to formulate our plans in regard to the distribution of such things as may be obtained. Mr. Ernst A. Bessey has been sent to Russia, Turkestan, and adjacent countries, for the purpose of securing new forage crops, particularly Turkestan alfalfa, which was introduced into this country a few years ago, but which, unfortunately, has so far yielded no seed. Mr. Bes- sey will also secure a number of varieties of cereals adapted to the BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. 57 dry regions of the Northwest, and will also aid the work of Seed and Plant Introduction by securing data which can be used in the future in the matter of ordering seeds which may prove of value for different parts of this country. PUBLICATIONS. The methods of preparing publications of the Bureau have been considerably simplified since my last report. During the year twenty bulletins were issued dealing with various topies; and in addition there have been published six Farmers’ Bulletins, prepared by the officers or assistants in the Bureau. There were also prepared six Yearbook papers, all dealing with subjects pertaining to plant indus- trial work. Under the present system there is only one series of bulletins in the Bureau, and these deal for the most part with technical or semitechnical matter. The editions of these bulletins are more or less limited, and wherever the subject is one of direct practical impor- tance Farmers’ Bulletins giving the main facts and their practical application are prepared. The technical and semitechnical bulletins of the Bureau are sent for the most part to libraries, experiment sta- tion and college workers who are engaged in lines of work similar to those being carried on in the Bureau. With a view to the greatest economy in the distribution of these publications careful lists are kept, and only a limited number of libraries receive everything that is issued. The wide diversity of subjects handled by the Bureau makes it necessary to maintain separate lists, and in doing this arrangements are made to have the publications reach those who are most directly interested. CORRESPONDENCE. The correspondence of the Bureau grows from year to year and has now reached a magnitude little understood. The proper handling of this work involves probably not less than one-fourth the time of the entire Bureau force and deals with most varied subjects. It is, how- ever, looked upon as a means of instruction of vast importance, and every effort is made to give careful consideration to the subjects brought up. Inquiries of most varied kinds are received, many of which are accompanied by specimens of various sorts, which require careful study before an intelligentanswer can be given. Many of the inquiries are of such a nature that they can be handled by sending a Farmers’ Bulletin or some other publication of the Bureau which con- tains the specific information sought. Many, however, require special letters, and in all such cases as full information as can be secured is given on the subjects involved. The entire correspondence of the Bureau will aggregate from 175,000 to 200,000 communications annually. INCREASING CALLS FOR WORK. Notwithstanding the somewhat rapid advances made in the last two or three years in the way of extending the work of the Bureau, the calls for additional assistance are still greatly in excess of our ability to meet them. A fact that is not generally appreciated is that as the struggle for life becomes more intense in this country, and the work connected with the production of crops becomes of a higher nature, the possibilities of injuries from diseases and the necessity for improve- ments in order to meet the keen competition existing will become 5S DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. greater and greater. Owing to such facts, it is to be expected that the Department will have increasing ealls for not only more work, but work of a higher type than has been the case heretofore. The appro- priations made from year to year are not only needed to maintain the work inaugurated, but additional funds must be forthcoming to take up new questions as they arise. It has been suggested that a work, such as is being carried on by this Bureau and by the Department as a whole is of such a nature that certain lines of investigation can be finished or wound up, as is the case with manufacturing concerns. This is only partly true, for the production of crops can not properly be compared to a manufactured product. It follows, therefore, that funds for maintaining the work inaugurated must be at hand, and, in addition, new appropriations will become necessary to take up lines of work which present themselves as agricultural development advances. REPORTS OF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS. In the accompanying reports are set forth some of the main facts connected with the work of the different offices in the Bureau. PATHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS. The work connected with Pathological and Physiological Investiga- tions, under Mr. A. F. Woods, has been pushed forward rapidly dur- ing the year. The main points covered may be briefly reviewed under the following heads: PATHOLOGICAL WORK. Diseases of the sugar beet.—The work on diseases of the sugar beet has been under the direct charge of Dr. C. O. Townsend, who has been making special studies of both the sugar-producing beets and mother beets used for seed. In the West the most serious disease has been the blight or curly top, while in the Middle and Eastern States the leaf spot has been the most serious pest. ‘These two dis- eases have caused losses to the growers and to the manufacturers aggregating thousands of dollars. Investigation has shown that dis- eases of the sugar beet may result in producing a poor stand of beets in the field, either through the failure of the seeds to germinate or by a destruction of the seedlings. Experiments are now in progress look- ing to the control of the fungus pest and other ita ORabI conditions affecting the sugar beet, and it is believed that practical remedies will be found in the near future which will enable the g growers to pre- vent losses from these sources. Diseases of cotton.—During the year work on the cotton-root rot in Texas has been continued by Drs. Me Duggar, and work on other diseases of cotton has been pushed with vigor by Mr. W. A. Orton. There is yet much to be done in connection with the cotton-root rot diseases in Texas, and the work under way has for its object the determination of practical remedies for these troubles. The cotton wilt, a serious disease, is now pretty well controlled by means of proper handling of infected land and the use of resistant strains which have been developed by the Bureau. The Bureau has suc- ceeded in securing the active cooperation of a number of progressive cotton growers in this important work, and very satisfactory results BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. 59 have been obtained. The control of the wilt disease is, for the most part, applicable to the Sea-island districts. A more serious problem has been encountered in the control of the wilt disease in Upland cot- ton. The breeding of resistant varieties in Upland cotton has been under way for two years, but the work is more difficult than with the Sea-island cotton for the double reason that the Upland varicties are naturally less resistant to wilt than the Sea-island, and the planters are, aS a rule, not willing to undertake such work alone. Extensive cooperative experiments have been inaugurated with cotton growers in a number of parts of the South for the purpose of encouraging the production of resistant strains and developing varieties having increased values in other directions. Cranberry diseases.—In the last two or three years the cranberry crop has suffered serious loss from a number of very destructive dis- eases. The attention of the Bureau was called to this matter and an attempt is being made to determine, if possible, the means of checking these destructive maladies. This work has been under the direction of Mr. C. L. Shear, who is now engaged upon a special study of the diseases, and is also conducting experiments with a view to determin- ing the most satisfactory methods of prevention. The cranberry crop for 1901 had a value estimated at about $2,000,000. The losses from the several fungus diseases to which the crop is subject will probably amount to about 20 percent. The efforts that have been made in the direction of determining the causes of a number of diseases have been partially successful, and it is believed that with proper facilities at hand remedies can be secured. Diseases of orchard fruits.—The study of diseases of orchard fruits has been carried on, under Mr. Woods’s direction, by Mr. M. Bb. Waite, who has charge of this particular branch of pathological investiga- tions. During the year extensive work was conducted in peach and plum orchards, with a view to the prevention of the rot fungus which attacks the fruit about the time of ripening. Some exceedingly interesting practical results have been obtained by sprayings with Bordeaux mixture, it being found that even in an unfavorable, rainy season the rot is greatly reduced by the proper application of this preparation. Special attention was given by Mr. Waite to the inju- rious effects of copper compounds on peach foliage, a subject which has long attracted attention, and under his direction satisfactory - answers to many of the questions involved have been reached. Work was also carried on by Mr. Waite on the ‘‘ Little peach” dis- ease, which has caused such serious losses in various parts of the country during the past three or four years. All observations that have been made seem to indicate that the prompt rooting out of dis- eased trees on the first symptoms of the disease serve to eradicate it, or at least keep it in check where it occurs. The disease is a very difficult one to control, as are, in fact, all such maladies. The prin- cipal hope of success seems to lie in prompt extermination. Possibly there may also be some results secured in the line of resistant stocks. At any rate, this branch of the work will be pushed as rapidly as pos- sible. In the work on the treatment of bitter rot of the apple there have been some very satisfactory results obtained. The very serious nature of this disease has made it imperative to find, as soon as pos- sible, some satisfactory remedy. The experiments last October were only partially successful on account of the failure of both the sprayed and unsprayed trees to fruit. The present year more careful experi- 60 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. ments have been inaugurated in various parts of Virginia, but as yet the results are not apparent. The demoralized condition of the pear orchards in the coast country of Texas made it imperative to under- take some work looking toward the prevention of pear blight in that region. Work was undertaken at Algoa in the matter of extermi- nating this disease by the practical application of principles alread y worked out. The remedial methods, in brief, consisted in cutting out the diseased wood under proper conditions and at proper times. The results obtained show that by far the larger part of the disease has been prevented, and have greatly encouraged the pear growers in that section. In addition to the foregoing work, Mr. Waite has under way a number of problems connected with pear pollination, and has also been pushing investigations in the matter of securing, by breed- ing, hybrid pe: als and such varieties as Seckel, Anjou, and other choice fruits. Several thousand seed- lings have been obtained, the object being to secure, if possible, varieties having some of the vigor of the Orientals and some of the fruit-bearing qualities of such well-known sorts as the Seckel and Anjou. PLANT-BREEDING WORK. The plant-breeding laboratory is in charge of Dr. H. J. Webber, and he is endeavoring to increase the production of various crops and secure varieties of better quality and better adapted to various soil and climatie conditions. The work of amelioration and improvement of plants, though recognized as of the highest practical importance, has, until recently, been mainly conducted by seedsmen and planters, and has seldom ‘be ‘en carried on sy stematically through a series of years. The following are some of the more important lines of work which have been taken up by this laboratory during the year: Cotion.—The problem of the greatest interest in cotton improvement is the production of long staple Uplands. The long staple Upland varieties at present existing are all rather light producers, and are defective in that the fiber is borne on fuzzy or tufted seed, which makes them difficult to gin on a roller gin. A number of crosses were made in 1899 to bring about the production of an ideal Upland long staple, and the first generation hybrids were grown in the summer of 1900. W ork is now under way fixing the types, and already promising results have been obtained. Aside from the work on hybridization of cottons for the purpose of securing new varieties, there is another important method of improvement, viz, the straight selection of standard races to secure more productive strains. Work of this kind was started last year in Mississippi with several standard sorts. The seed from the selections made then is being grown the present season to furnish seed for further selection, the aim being to obtain highly selected ped- igree seed for distribution. The same method of selection is being applied to discover disease-resistant sorts, and already marked suc- cess has been accomplished along this line, as was outlined in my last report. We annually import about $6, 500, 000 worth of Egy ptian cot- ton, and the present year quite extensive investigations were inaugu- rated for the purpose of determining where the standard Egyptian cottons would best succeed. The present season varieties of Egyptian cotton are being grown in fourteen 2-acre patches in Texas, New Mex- ico, Arizona, and ‘southern California in order to test the value of this crop for general culture and furnish opportunity for conducting selee- BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. 61 tion experiments to improve the quality and yield when grown under conditions prevailing in this country. In addition to the foregoing, 5-aere patches of Egyptian cotton are being grown in Georgia and Mis- sissippi from seed grown in the same localities last year. This work is done in order to test production and furnish means of selection. Oorn.—The experiments in corn improvement have been mainly of a preliminary nature so far. The facts learned by the work in arti- ficial pollination, selection, breeding of sorts, hybridization, and the study of immediate effect of pollen, have proved very valuable both from a scientific and economie point of view, and are of the greatest assistance in furnishing data for intelligently planning future work. The work of hybr idization has furnished a number of valuable sorts, which are being grown for selection and fixation. One hybrid has been produced which gives the largest percentage of shelled corn of any sort which has thus far been tested. The corn industry has developed to such an extent that there is a growing demand for sorts adapted for special purposes. Corn oil is the most valuable of the constituent elements furnished by the grain, and this product exists mainly in the germ of the kernel. It would, therefore, seem desirable to breed a corn that will have a larger germ. Last year nearly 5,000,000 gallons of corn oil were exported and the demand is rapidly increasing; and a variety rich in this valuable product is becoming a great desideratum. The matter of handling seed corn is an important question, and in order to obtain information on this point 10-acre patches have been planted in five different localities, one- half of which was fire-dried and one-half air-dried seed, for the pur- pose of determining the profitableness of the kiln-dried corn used for seed purposes. Variety tests of field corns, table corns, and pop corns are in progress, and offer good opportunities for selection and breed- ing work. Other breeding exper iments.—A number of miscellaneous crops are receiving attention in the plant-breeding laboratory. Important results have been obtained in the matter of citrus improvement, and it believed that the hybrids secured as a result of former work will bear fruit for the first time this season. It will then be possible to judge more definitely in regard to their value. Work on pineapple breeding has also been under way, and in addition there has been considerable attention given to the improvement of the guava, strawberry, and other crops. Aside from the direet practical investigations outlined above, the plant-breeding laboratory is endeavoring to make a thorough study of the general laws of plant breeding. It is highly impor tant that we should know more about the methods of producing variations, and in what way and how soon such variations can be rendered hereditary. Experiments have been inaugurated in cooper- ation with several State stations in testing the influence of environ- ment on certain crops, and the length of time necessary to grow crops under such environment to render ‘the changed characters hereditan V; if this ever occurs. Many other features, such as the prepotency of species in hybridization, the general laws of combination of characters in hybrids, and the immediate effect of pollen, etc., are being care- fully studied. ALKALI INVESTIGATIONS. The office of Pathological and Physiological Investigations has taken up work, in cooperation with the Bureau of Soils, in problems con- 62 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. nected with the growth of crops in the alkaline soils which form so considerable a proportion of the irrigated area of the Western United States. This work is being carried on jointly by the plant-breeding laboratory and the physiological laboratory, under the direction of Mr. T. H. Kearney. The work has two principal objects in view: First, the securing by breeding and selection of alkali-resistant plants, and, second, physiological experiments for the purpose of obtaining facts of a scientific nature which will throw light on many problems connected with the effect of alkali on plant growth. At present the work is confined mainly to efforts in the matter of securing alkali- resistant crops of particular value to arid and semiarid regions. Alfalfa is receiving special attention. After a long search in different alfalfa-growing regions a small quantity of seed was obtained last summer from plants which showed themselves to be exceptionally resistant to alkaline soil. This seed is being used as a basis for further selections, although it is yet too soon to report on the outcome of the experiment. Experiments are also under way in the matter of secur- ing resistant cottons, resistant cereals, and other resistant crops. In the case of the crops mentioned, the probable existence in other coun- tries of varieties in which the quality of resistance has become fixed by cultivation in alkaline soils during many generations must be taken into consideration. The procuring of such varieties wherever they can be found and their adaptation to conditions here by selection, and possibly by crossing with varieties already growing in this country, is an important subject for investigation. CEREAL INVESTIGATIONS. This work falls chiefly in three lines: First, the establishment of introduced varieties of grain in cooperation with Congressional seed and plant introduction; second, the development of new varieties of wheat through breeding, cooperating with the plant-breeding labora- tory; third, cooperative ‘work with State experiment stations in field experiments with cereals. The investigations are in charge of Mr. M. A. Carleton, who has given special ‘attention during the year to the following crops: Macaroni wheat.—The continuation during the past year of the work already undertaken with macaroni wheats has now practically resulted in establishing the macaroni wheat industry in the Great Plains region of this country. In so far as the matter of production is concerned the problem is now pretty well settled. From the manu- facturers’ standpoint it will be necessary, however, to interest a few more millers in taking up the work of preparing this wheat for the macaroni factories. Encouraging results have been obtained in this direction, and a number of large mills in the Northwest have signified a desire to take up the work. The use of macaroni wheat will exte end the wheat area much farther westward than before, over districts of great extent, even beyond the one hundredth meridian, where it was not considered possible to grow any wheat at all. On the basis of this great increase of yield per acre and of area devoted to wheat, it is a conservative statement to say that the entire average wheat production of the country is likely to be increased in the course of four or five years to from 30,000,000 to 50,000,000 bushels per annum, which, at average prices, would make an increase in money value to the wheat BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. 63 erop of the country of fully $20,000,000 to $30,000,000. To show how quickly this increase is likely to come about, it may be said that the yield of macaroni wheat for last year, stating it very roughly, was about 75,000 bushels. On the basis of the amount of seed that is known to have been sown this season, the coming crop ought to fur- nish 1,500,000 or 2,000,000 bushels. This amount, however, will not be anywhere near sufficient to meet the demand for macaroni wheat from all quarters. Three or four of our own factories, which are anx- ious to obtain the wheat as soon as possible, would alone be able to consume nearly all of this amount. Already a new macaroni has been put on the market by one of our own factories, and four or five other factories for using durum wheat are contemplated. For the first time regular grades have been established for macaroni wheat by the Minnesota State inspection at Minneapolis. They now have all grades of macaroni wheat—Nos. 1 and 2 and Rejected. Winter wheats.—Another problem which has been under considera- tion is the extension westward and northward of the winter wheat area. The establishment of a new crop is made on the basis of two lines of experiments: First, those made directly by the Department or in cooperation with State experiment stations, on a comparatively small scale, which indicate particular varieties that we are justified in experimenting with further; second, the trial of a few of the best of these varieties in much larger quantities, with the cooperation of interested farmers throughout the country. Experiments already made in half a dozen different States indicate that four or five of these winter varieties, obtained entirely from east and south Russia, are much more hardy than any varieties now grown in this country, and will admit of the extension of the winter wheat area several hundred miles farther north and some distance farther west than heretofore. On the strength of our experiments with these Russian varieties, 15,000 bushels of the Crimean wheat were imported last year by the millers of Oklahoma and Kansas, which wheat appears to have stood the severity of the winter better than the ordinary Turkey wheat. PHYSIOLOGICAL LABORATORY. The physiological laboratory, forming a part of the organization of the Vegetable Pathological and Physiological Investigations, is in charge of Dr. George T. Moore. The principal problems which have engaged the attention of the men in charge of this work are those connected with nitrogen accumulations in soils and the contamination of water supplies and cress beds by alge. In connection with the nitrogen work the following important results have been secured: First, the discovery of the reasons for the failure and consequent abandonment of the German method of pure cultures; second, the discovery and perfection of a new, simple, cheap, and practical method of sending out pure cultures so that they will not spoil or deteriorate; third, the dis- covery and perfection of a means of rapidly and enormously increasing these cultures after they have come into possession of the farmer, thus making them much more valuable, while keeping the cost at a minimum; fourth, the reduction of the number of kinds of specifie organisms required for various legumes, making it possible to cross inoculate garden peas with organisms fr om clover, lupine, pea, ete., which is of i immense importance and a long step toward securing a uni- versal organism good for all leguminous crops; fifth, the perfection 64 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. of a new method of growing the organisms which, instead of causing them to become weaker and weaker until they become a mere parasite, enables them to so increase in virility that they fix five times as much nitrogen as those normally found in nature. Extensive practical experiments were inaugurated to determine the foregoing facts, the work being carried on at the Arlington Farm, located near Washing- ton, on the Flats, end in the Department greenhouses. The great value of this nitrogen work can hardly be estimated. There are annually imported into the United States from 180,000 to 200,000 tons of nitrate of soda, with a value of from $5,000,000 to $6,000,000, an average of about $30 per ton. By careful and con- servative estimates it can be shown that on every acre devoted to the growing of leguminous crops the tubercle’ organisms enable these plants to add from $8 to $10 per acre in nitrogenous fertilizer. In many cases the presence or absence of proper organisms is the element which decides the failure or success of the crop. In the work on alge the discovery and practical application of a method of preventing the contamination of cress beds may be noted. This work was begun too late last fall to give as satisfactory results as would have been obtained had it been commenced before the algee had such a start. Algae play an important part also in the matter of contamination of water supplies. Filtration, instead of benefiting, only aggravates the conditions, and the constant complaints of the public health officers and authorities in charge have made it necessary to make an earnest effort to prevent such contamination. Engineers and chemists have tried in vain to secure a remedy, and it now remains to be seen whether or not we may be able to solve the ques- tion. Encouraging results have already been obtained and have aroused much interest on the part of boards of health and similar organizations. WORK OF PACIFIC COAST LABORATORY. During the year the lines of work on the Pacific coast have consid erably broadened, and, as heretofore, have been carried on, under the direction of the Pathologist and Physiologist, by Mr. Newton Bb. Pierce. Plant breeding and selection.—The development of new forms by breeding and selection has been made a special feature of this work. Particular attention has been given to the improvement of the walnut, chestnut, and grape. The grape-crossing experiments, which have been conducted during several years, are nearing a stage of practical utility. Hundreds of seedlings, the results of crosses among raisin and table grapes, have recently been transplanted from nursery form in the San Joaquin Valley to open vineyard form in southern Cali- fornia. They are now under favorable vineyard conditions, so far as soil, water, and distance of setting are concerned, and many of them have already set fruit. It is hoped that this season’s crop will be suf- ficient to demonstrate the value of the vines and that enough wood may be produced to warrant the distribution of cuttings within the next year. Plant-introduction work.—During the year it has become more obvious than ever that Pacific coast conditions of climate, soil, irriga- tion, elevation, ete., are requisites which, if they could be drawn upon, would greatly add to the plant-introduction work of the Depart- ment, To facilitate such investigations a limited tract of desirable BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. 65 agricultural land has, through private means, been secured in Cali- fornia, with satisfactory water rights, which will supply the more pressing present needs in a temporary manner. In addition to this a small tract of ground suitable for propagating, near the Pacifie coast laboratory, has been secured in like manner, and this is access- ible to a constant supply of city water, gas, sewerage, ete. Facili- ties in the way of temporary lath house, tool house, potting house, ete., are being placed on this property and will materially facilitate the various lines of work. Pathological work.—The main lines of study during the year have been bacteriosis of walnuts, the vine diseases in the Santa Clara Val- ley, and the blight of loguats and pears. Many other plant diseases of minor commercial importance have also received attention. MISSISSIPPI VALLEY LABORATORY AND INVESTIGATIONS. The work carried on by the Mississippi Valley laboratory for the past year was divided into two distinct lines: First, the investigations concerning the decay of timber in live trees and in structural timber, together with methods used for preventing the same; second, inves- tigations concerning diseases of fruit trees. In the first line of work cooperation was secured with the Bureau of Forestry. Dr. Hermann von Schrenk is in charge of this laboratory. Investigations concerning the decay of timber.—This work has for its primary object the securing of knowledge which will aid in con- serving the amount of timber on hand. By preventing the prema- ture decay of wood it is possible to use not only the high-grade resist- ant kinds mainly employed at the present time, but also the inferior grades of wood which, under ordinary conditions, rot so rapidly as to be practically worthless. The knowledge which we have at the pres- ent time as to the best methods of treating wood so as to prevent decay is very fragmentary. During the past year special attention has been given to the investigation of methods of treating wood with a view to preventing its decay. This work as a whole involves not only extensive studies in regard to the causes of decay, but elaborate experiments in the impregnation of timber with different materials, with a view to determining cheap and effective methods of increasing its length of life. Special attention has been given to a serious dis- ease of catalpa, a tree now largely planted in all parts of the Central and Western States; also toa trouble known as ‘‘ blue” disease of pines. Nearly 600,000,000 feet of timber have been affected by this blue disease in the Black Hills. The blue wood has been considered unfit for lumber, mine timbers, or fuel,.and as a result this immense quantity is being allowed to go to waste. Preliminary tests have already shown that the blue timber is practically as strong as the green wood and that its fuel value is scarcely less than that of the sound wood. Should these preliminary conclusions be borne out, it would mean the saving of many millions of dollars’ worth of timber tothe United States Government and also directly to the States which depend on the Black Hills as a source of timber supply. Investigation of the diseases of fruit trees.—Experiments were con- ducted in a number of orchards in Missouri and Illinois for prevent- ing the bitter-rot disease of apples. In addition, the life history of the bitter-rot fungus was studied, and the manner in which the fruits AGR 1902 3) 66 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. become affected was determined. Extensive studies have also been inaugurated in the matter of the root rot of apple trees. Investiga- tions of a disease known as crown gall were also begun, the object being to determine the method of infection of the crown-gall organism which attacks many fruit trees. This disease is becoming one of the most serious enemies to the fruit growers, and its ravages extend from California to the Alleghenies. It calls for very radical treatment, and it is believed that it can be successfully treated. TROPICAL LABORATORY AND INVESTIGATIONS. The tropical laboratory is located in Miami, Fla., and is in charge of Prof. P. H. Rolfs. The work conducted at this laboratory is of a miscellaneous character, and has for its principal objects a study of diseases of semitropical and tropical plants, the testing of plants adapted to semitropical conditions, and the care of such foreign plants and such hybrids as may have promise of value for southern portions of the United States. During the year work has been ear- ried on on the root knot of the pineapple, the mango seedling blight, orange blight, and other diseases. Numerous plants from foreign countries have been received and planted, also seedling pineapple hybrids, and seedlings of the citrus hybrids obtained as a result of the plant-breeding laboratory’s work. WORK ON TOBACCO. In October last Dr. R. H. True was detailed to the Bureau of Soils to continue the study of the fermentation and handling of tobacco begun by Dr. Oscar Loew. Dr. Joseph 8. Chamberlain, an expert in physiological work, was also detailed to give assistance. Dr. True and Dr. Chamberlain spent some time in the fall and early winter at Tariffville, Conn., and Lancaster, Pa., in the study of fermentation processes as practiced in the making of wrapper leaf and filler leaf, respectively. Material was collected for further study in the labora- tory. Fo ee. 1 LOSOOMISSGCUM ss Sacco oe ee als) 2,213 Dhl yaw se 6 319) Shrubs. ees eres 13 | 14, 416 IDYcal il oes ee ee ee 2 2,042) || LODACCOt Is a se = Peer 1 4,500 BO niymise = os Se Pee if 1,739 Cate esas eee eee om 29, 341 Die ees SS ee i SONA AN Cav seo ee Sw 2 | 1,248 Titsyera eis Se ee mea 4 | 5IOM Vines. ao- ote eee 17 2,165 CGeraninime 462 45 s20s ees | 5 SiSame | eVerbena) 46-2222 4322222 | 4 | 2,704 UAW A aoe oe 2k cab ae 2 291 || Miscellaneous--..-.---- 70 | 1,953 HENOtTrOpel os) --- 1 1, 209 || - Tresineweess keene eek 2 3, 734 | Motalle 3: 2 s=~ 3 yc eae as | 137, 796 ANNUAL FLOWERING PLANTS ON GROUNDS. SANS ISS EL ha tr oe oa a a ed WSO Cosmos Aes Ss Ae EE ae 270 IDen alii Sp A ese eg Be eg Ry GD eke Sbdi | tEleliotropes Seri wer let sep 187 iD Wiad env\s) i eee age ote ee ee 9637s Mienonetiezs! s22- is Seuss See 547 HOMCTIOW seca sed 580 Sees oe COON te Marigold £2208 on pole eee 250 I AOIOIUS See se ee O20 Ms an Sipe eee ee ere wed Sei 1, 400 LOTT (CG) a ee GOOF PAhOx ae ee ere A eee Agce 325 IUOSE Re Sesh wR Fo wilh OR. 12 S004 (MPOpp yaaa se eee Te Phy 250 Acar hanuang: 3: Sesser eases PS tee buna yess cs We 2) aie cok 72 PN erative 55 eee s tes iS 100 | Swainsonia ______- Nees | eiee es 5 293 EP ODI Sat so ae tA 100 ~ CEI OTE eet 5 ee i, AN ate 232 Motale Ve eee es 12, 387 CHESEI 21 9 AOS 0) eat afer ad ae Wee se 2, 700 BEDDING PLANTS ON GROUNDS. PAV itll On ey Ys. TAa\O al Motz hats er Seen See ee WeaE Peer eee 973 PAtCalliy Nae es Se oo sce Eel eae anaee pera ho nel ahh Soe ee ee ae 375 Altermanthenrd 4225 o22s5 5... = MO (AOE Ceiba enero ak aoe gs ee os ae 756 USING Rees Si Lk iy ee eee GoAN(VEsmerariais = Fis) Sey BRE Ny 4 634 Croley’ sot ie Ret es ee ee 2 oOUOM te SOON MPa. 2a Te ie yae Hie 934 GCiiphiew tes igs Sip en 2 is DO) all Vietinemar ts vess Bebe ed bry es 300 Grsiehabitiane = gees coe: aang 1, 200 - LTRES ae ee er Ss Se 650 LA 5 Soa pe a a 12, 748 92 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTS, BULBS, ETC. During the year the customary distribution of plants has been maintained, the records showing that the following sorts, to the num- ber indicated, have been distributed: Bedding plants, = .- open es oa ee eee eee 9, 708 Bulbs: Congressional distribution ____.-_ _____-_-____-- J): dt DED a A ees 98, 874 Miscellaneous distribution: 2100294 28 ee ee eee 25, 520 Camphorplants. 222 seeaeeeeene 8 te os 1 eee 850 Chrysanthemums = oe er acetone eS eee 98 Citrus trtoliatan -et SS eee ere ce. bo aU. ies sees Fe ee UD, Woffee.— eS Soe 2 ae ee i ae ily ee eR Lee ee 16 Dracdenas == s- 255-2 =a ie” = eee Soe el) | ie ay ee eee 88 1 ERE S ABV SN eae Sa a ca hc Se an. eR ie ey Re 173 PA Pe CUbbINe Se ssents oye a: = ARNE ge eA ee gt ee Se eae yee a 2 = 2, 150 Grapevines: Congressional distribution ____ ________ ahs Drops Regie Wiest. )t Yee 2 SOL ac eae 14, 920 Miscellaneous/distribution\= 4590 boee2 See eles ee eee 1, 085 Greenhouse: plants {22-5 42-8 Se OMe es ee ee, aes ee 331 Olivesplanits:. 7s. Se Se ee tee ee ee ets A ee he ee 568 (allem gyi pee nos ene ee el eda ee ee Mig yD ei ae ey a 556 iPrivet Gubtings 222-22. 5 Oe ae Oe oe ee ee 4, 850 ROSES See ens Se Oe RS Be Se ee eee 806 Raibber plants. 2) 5.5 ul ead Sea eee Sere ee Lo ee 561 hms eee ioe ee 2) Pere seg 0 SR Ee eee see ee en See ee ee 1, 330 Strawberry plants: Congressional distribution, -isase6 — 25000 ESTAS GIT SIN Oop Oe eer = ae te ee rk et a SR Be A ne ea eee ae 2,000 ie fire OW Sia = eee! Alert Os yee ee ed we a 2,500 I alet ine or corse wt Sey tp) ents 2 A) eee ite) Ans eee le Re 1, 000 TET Deine) SIO p Pts ae a ae eed ney Ree Aenea eed Bee ee ee EZ 10, 000 “fT Lhe Cn siecle et et, ie eg sane ce ONS ee li ek Sele ak ne Maney, nade sh est 8, 000 PHOTOGRAPHIC LABORATORY. Owing to lack of space at the quarters of the Bureau of Forestry, the photographic laboratory remained, as already mentioned, until recently, in the building of the Bureau of Chemistry, through the courtesy of the chief of that Bureau. With the acquisition of the eighth floor of the Atlantic Building it was possible to assign sufficient quarters for the equipment of a photographie laboratory. The work of installing the equipment is now completed. An enlarging and reducing camera of large size was purchased, and the laboratory is now thoroughly equipped in all branches of photographie work, includ- ing map photography, enlarging, reducing, and wet-plate work. The work of the laboratory during the year was very satisfactory. Five thousand three hundred and thirty-two films and plates were developed, 9,695 prints were made, and altogether 20,884 items of work were performed. ; INSTRUMENTS AND SUPPLIES. Instruments.—The rapid extension of the work of the Bureau in the field made heavy demands for additional instruments, while experience in the woods suggested improvements in the constr ‘uction of several types. A very small percentage of field equipment was lost or dam- aged beyond repair, for the members of the field parties were generally careful i in the handling and use of the instruments. The total expendi- ture for instruments “during the fiscal year was $7,245.61, or 3.9 per cent of the total appropriation. 132 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Supplies.—W ith the exception of $400 from the contingent fund of the Department, all furniture, typewriting machines, stationery, and supplies of all kinds have been purchased from the funds appropri- ated for the Bureau of Forestry. This expenditure was $10,200.74, or 5.5 per cent of the total appropriation. Accounts.—At the beginning of the fiscal year 1902 a system of accounts was introduced, the principal object of which, in connection with the proper preparation and handling of vouchers for the pay- ment of salaries and expenses, was to furnish at all times an accurate, comprehensive, and permanent record of the condition of the appro- priation for the expenses of the Bureau, and of the several allotments made by letters of authorization for the traveling expenses of mem- bers of the Bureau engaged in field work. A system setting forth in detail the allotments and liabilities of every class has been submitted at the end of each month to the chief of the Bureau. TREE PLANTING. The work of this section has broadened steadily during the past year. Cooperation with forest planters under the provisions of Cir- cular No. 22 was widely extended, met with a high degree of public appreciation, and remains the most important work with which the section is charged. Other lines of work of equal promise originated during the year. The first National reserves for the distinct purpose of forest planting were established. It was fairly proved that some lands, hitherto considered incapable of doing so, will stock themselves without planting, if well directed assistance is given to the natural reproductive power. The reclamation of the coast sand dunes by forest planting was for the first time undertaken by the Bureau. COOPERATIVE PLANTING. On June 30, 1901, there had been received in response to the offer of cooperation with forest planters, announced in Circular No. 22, a total of 192 applications for assistance. For 173 applicants planting plans had been prepared, in the course of which 113,842.3 acres were examined. Probably 10 per cent of this area will be planted within twelve or fifteen years, but the detailed plans, made in consequence of the examinations, covered but 3,057 acres, which is the area to be planted within three or four years from the date of the plans. Where the planting was not extensive, in many cases it is now complete and in others it is near completion, for many landowners began planting at once on receipt of their plans. This planting has generally given satisfactory results. For exam- ple, at Fowler, Kans., the main part of a wood lot of 12 acres has been established without losing a single tree. At Enid, Okla., satisfactory results were obtained in establishing a wood lot of 5 acres. In a few instances the planting has been temporarily deferred, and in two cases the agreements have been canceled because they could not be carried out by the owners. During the past fiscal year 70 applications for assistance were received and 51 planting plans were made. There was examined 10 area of 83,596.9 aeres, a large percentage of which is subject to plant- ing. The area actually covered by the pians made during the year, and to be planted within the next two or three years, is 3,417.57 acres. BUREAU OF FORESTRY. rao The total number of applications to June 30, 1902, is 262, the number of plans prepared 224, the area examined, 197 43 39.2 Acres, and the area to be planted, 6,474.3 32 acres. T hirty- -eight applic ations await attention. The plans represent 29 States and Territories and 172 localities. In addition, personal advice and instruction have been given in these localities to many other planters. It has been the practice of the representatives of the Bureau in this work to attend and address local meetings when such are called in the interest of forestry by the citi- zens of a community where work is being done. At Anthony, Kans., where such a meeting was held last summer, over 500,000 trees were set out this spring in consequence, in addition to the planting under plans regularly prepared in that locality. Planting under this year’s plans has several purposes. Protective shelter belts and farm wood lots have generally been the object in the Middle West. Several commercial plantations are being developed in Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska for fence posts and telegraph poles, though none is of great extent. An average example is a plan- tation at Stafford, Kans., which covers 30 acres and has for its object the production of fence posts. The Middle West has comparatively little nonagricultural land, and except for the production of fence posts, telegraph poles, and railroad ties, forest planting will not as a rule be practiced by individual planters on a larger seale than farm wood lots and shelter belts. The Eastern States have a high percent- age of land adapted only to forest purposes, a good part of which has been stripped of timber beyond the hope of natural reproduction. Such land often lies within reach of good lumber markets. In many places in New England land worth from $2 to $5 per acre can be stocked with White Pine at fair annual profit on the investment, reck- oning lumber at present prices and a period of growth of from forty to sixty years, and this has encouraged many land owners to begin planting on their idle lands. An increasing amount of forest planting is being done for the pur- pose of protection, and this Bureau is giving practical aid in several eases of this nature. For example, the most extensive planting in New England is being done by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, for the purpose of pro- tecting from silt the immense reservoir under construction at Clinton, Mass., to supply Boston and surrounding cities with water. Seed beds, in preparation for this planting, were established two years ago. Planting was begun this year under plans prepared by the Bureau and carried forward with a force of 48 men under the immediate direction of a forester privately employed. One hundred and seventy- five acres were planted. It will require three years more to complete the planting at present planned, which will cover 1,500 acres. Seed- lings are already on hand for the planting of this area, which is, however, but half of that which the plantation will eventually occupy. In no case has the Bureau furnished seeds or trees or participated in any degree in the expense of planting. Its outlay is limited to the expenses of its agents in making the preliminary examinations and planting plans. STUDIES OF PLANTED WOODLANDS. Reliable advice and instruction in forest planting must be based upon a thorough knowledge of the purposes for which planting is 134 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. practicable, and of the methods to be economically employed in vari- ous regions. This knowledge can be obtained only by an exhaustive study of plantations already established. Such a study was vigor- ously pursued, during the past year, along the lines already established, in 20 large plantations, 8 of which are located i in the Middle West and 12 in the East. The study of the Hardy Catalpa for economie plant- ing was completed, and a bulletin based upon it is in press. 2s nad eye ligt AEE ee 26 Ie TWO NG eee ye i ee a ee See os ee ee tS a Ee ee 40 PISTE USES OM OSLEACDOS een oe te a a ee ee ae 6 SO TELS cog seagate Ms a ea 112 iMasechanpoussalirplenittis (ts) See ey) See eee ey. eee ee 37 TLE SS ee aS ek ae Se ee aa | ee CS Se ene te 221 The purity of chemicals purchased for the use of the Bureau has also been determined in this laboratory, and a record has been kept of all samples received in the soil, fertilizer, and various other laboratories. A considerable amount of time and labor has been given to the testing of new and proposed methods of analyzing and valuing ashes and other fertilizing materials, much of this work being carried on in cooperation with the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. CGENOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS. This Bureau has continued during the year ended June 30, 1902, the cenological investigations of the previous year in collaboration with Mr. William B. Alwood, of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station. The chemical work in connection with these investigations was done chiefly in the laboratory of this Bureau, but we are indebted also to Mr. R. J. Davidson, the chemist of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, for a large amount of work which he gratuitously contributed to these investigations. This work was classified under two heads, viz: First. The collection and forwarding of various fruits for chemical analysis with a view to a complete study of the composition of Amer- ican fruits. This work was done with the special object of gathering AGR 1902 10 146 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. necessary data to assist in the study of the technique of cider, wine, and vinegar fermentation, so that we may be better able to handle the large amount of our fruits falling below merchantable grade, and to determine the value of certain varieties for the manufacture of the products mentioned. Second. The isolation and study of the organisms which cause fer- mentation, both vinous and acetic, and also malfermentations which tend to destroy the products sought to be secured and conserved. In this study the prime data sought are the chemical changes produced in fermenting fruit musts or saccharine solutions of all kinds, and the determination of the best methods of bringing about these chemical changes in the most practicable manner, and conserving with certainty the desirable products formed from further changes by reason of malfermentation. Under the first head, a considerable number of different varieties of apples has been collected and analyzed during the year. This has served for the beginning of a comprehensive study on the chemistry of fruits. In the course of this preliminary work it has been found that the methods of analysis are not well perfected, and as a conse- quence it has become necessary to take up this whole subject anew. This work will be continued on all our native fruits and berries which have commercial importance. Under the second head, a considerable number of alcoholic fer- ments, belonging to the genus Saccharomyces, both from foreign wines and ciders and those of American production, has been separated and reduced to pure cultures. The study of these organisms as to their chemical reaction on fruit musts and saccharine solutions is well under way and promises most interesting scientific and economic results. In the study of the alcoholic ferments proper, numbers of organisms have been detected and isolated which are closely related to the above-mentioned genus Saccharomyces, but which from the nature of their reaction upon fruit musts are denominated malfer- ments, because they destroy or injuriously alter those products which it is desired toconserve. ‘The critical study of these organisms awaits a convenient time. This kind of work on fermentations is too new a field of investigation to warrant a positive statement in regard to its importance, further than to say that it is studied in Europe in the most assiduous manner in the Government laboratories, and makers of wines, ciders, and vine- gars assert that the laboratory results are used by them with the greatest benefits. In the experiments in the use of pure cultures of the alcoholic ferments at the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion most excellent ciders have been produced. : There is a further application of this investigation, viz, the employ- ment of these and allied organisms for the inversion of starch, in the manufacture of commercial compressed yeasts, in the inversion of nonfermentable sugars to fermentable forms, and in the differentiation of sugars by the use of specific organisms brought to a state of pure culture. This line of inquiry promises to be of great importance, both in the chemical laboratory and in the practical application of chem- istry to the arts and manufactures. MISCELLANEOUS INVESTIGATIONS. As in previous years, the Bureau of Chemistry has been called upon during the past fiscal year to make a number of analytical and other BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. 147 investigations for other Bureaus and Divisions of the Department and for other branches of the Government. Some of these investigations are of such a character that they are referred to the special laboratory appropriate in each case. Many, however, have been of such a char- acter as not to fall within the lines of work of any of the special laboratories, and have been investigated by or under the direction of the assistant chief of the Bureau. As a noteworthy example, there may be cited from the work of the past fiscal year investigations undertaken at the request of the Division of Entomology, to ascertain the extent of the danger from fire and explosion attending the use of carbon disulphide as an insecticide. The results of this work have been published in Farmers’ Bulletin No. 145. Perhaps the most important class of these miscellaneous investi- gations is the control, by means of chemical and physical tests, of materials purchased by this and other Departments of the Govern- ment. Many large corporations, both municipal and private, are establishing as thorough a scientific control as practicable over all purchases of supplies made by them. It is to be regretted that instead of leading in this movement most if not allof the Executive Depart- ments of the Government have failed to make any considerable use of this valuable means of controlling the quality of materials purchased. This is of especially great importance for the Government, because practically all supplies are purchased on the basis of competitive bids, a system which requires the utmost precision in all specifica- tions. Progress has been made, however, as is evidenced by the increas- ing number and variety of materials submitted to this Bureau by various branches of the Government for examination in regard to purity, quality, ete. Among the notable examples of the past fiscal year may be mentioned extensive investigations relative to canceling inks for the Post-Office Department, the analysis of samples of coal for the Interior Department, ete. The work included not merely the analysis of samples submitted, but also investigations undertaken with a view of obtaining data for the formulation of specifications which will not only give analytical results more meaning and value, but which will enable the bidders and purchasing officers to agree in regard to the exact meaning of specifications. Rigid specifications are of great importance, not only for the protection of the Government, but also for the protection of bidders of the best class. Advantage will accrue to the Government because the quality of supplies furnished can be accurately ascer- tained. On the other hand, bidders will be benefited by the removal of all doubt as to the quality of goods to be furnished. Bidders of the best class will therefore be protected from the competition of vendors of inferior goods. The supervision of the sugar laboratories of the ports of Philadel- phia, New York, and Boston, assigned a few years ago by an agree- ment between the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Agriculture to this Bureau, has been continued. A sample from each of these laboratories is sent each day for comparative analysis. Each month asummary of the analyses of these samples is compiled in order to determine the reliability and the accuracy of the work. From time to time, as the exigencies of the service may require, personal inspec- tion is made of the sugar laboratories and comparative polariza- tions secured on the samples of sugar and standard quartz plates, in 148 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. order to insure the accuracy of the instruments in use. When it is considered that the duties on imported sugars amount in round num- bers to $60,000,000 annually, and that these duties are laid in accord- ance with the polarizations of the sugar imported, the importance of securing a rigid and accurate control of the processes is at once apparent. Many other problems connected with the collection of duties have been referred by the Treasury Department to this Bureau during the past year. One of the most important of these investigations relates to the rate of duty which is levied upon imported pineapples preserved in cans. The law requires a certain rate of duty to be collected on imports of this kind when the pineapples are preserved in their own juice and a different rate of duty if sugar be added in the process of preserving. A difference of opinion having arisen between the appraisers and importers in regard to this matter, the solution of the difficulty by mutual consent has been left to this Bureau. In order to reach a conclusion large numbers of analyses of imported products, as well as of the original pines, have been necessary. This work was only partially completed at the end of the fiscal year, but will be brought to completion during the present fiscal year. The question of the exclusion of certain articles of food which may contain injurious products has also been referred in several instances to this Bureau by the Treasury Department since, under the existing laws, such exclusion is secured only on certification from the Secre- tary of Agriculture to the Secretary of the Treasury that the articles in question are injurious. Investigations have been carried on dur- ing the past year relative to some of the principal preservatives, and as aresult of these investigations certain regulations have been for- mulated by the Secretary of the Treasury respecting the use of sulphur on fruit products preliminary to desiccation, preservation, and ship- ment. Under these regulations, when their details are carried into effect, the wholesomeness of the imported articles is not impaired, while their appearance is rendered more agreeable by the previous application of fumes of burning sulphur. Since the process of sul- phuration, which is the application of fumes of burning sulphur to fruits previous to desiccation or preservation, is practiced generally throughout the world and since when properly conducted no injurious effects are produced upon the product, it is hoped that the policy established by this Government in relation to such products will be adopted by other nations. Some American fruit products have been subjected to restriction or exclusion in foreign countries by reason of alleged application of sulphur in the manner described, and we believe that these restrictions and exclusions do not rest upon justi- fiable grounds. PROPOSED WORK FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 19038. The work outlined in the above report for the laboratories men- tioned, and which has already received the approval of the Secretary, will be continued during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1903, as follows: FOOD LABORATORY. During the present fiscal year the work described in the first part of this report with olive oil, pineapples, tropical fruits and their man- ufactured products, the ripening of fruits, and the manufacture of BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. 149 cider will be continued. Some time will be devoted to the study of polariscopic and reducing methods for the determination of sugar, in cooperation with the sugar referee of the Association of Official Agri- eultural Chemists. The most important new line of work that will be inaugurated will be the study of infant and invalid foods, of which a large number is now on the market. This will be taken up early in the autumn, and will probably occupy the time of a portion of the force during the full calendar year. An examination relating to nonfermented beverages and flavoring extracts on the market will also be made. ROAD MATERIAL LABORATORY. During the current fiscal year the same tests referred to in the first part of this report will be carried on, and the demand for them will doubtless be much greater. Besides these tests, the necessary appliances have been installed for testing paving brick; and as the use of brick for road paving is increasing very rapidly, and as the testing of brick is most essential, this work will doubtless be one of the impor- tant features of this laboratory. It is also intended to make certain investigations in the mixing and burning of clay for the purpose of obtaining methods for getting the necessary properties essential to good paving brick. The testing of cements and coneretes will also be an important part of the laboratory work, as concrete is not only used extensively in road foundations, but for drainpipes and sidewalks as well. The equipment for carrying on this work has been partially installed and the work will soon be taken up. Wood blocks have long been used in Europe with great success for paving streets, and their introduction into this country, with modern methods of preserving the wood, is met with favor. When properly treated there is no material better suited to heavy traffic than wood blocks. They are sanitary, and probably give less noise and dust than any other form of pavement. The importance of investigating the proper methods of preserving wood is so essential that the subject has been taken up in collaboration with the Bureau of Forestry, and it will be made an object of study during the current year. The Bureau of Forestry has supplied this laboratory with two most essen- tial testing machines for carrying out the physical tests on wood blocks, and the dendro-chemical laboratory of this Bureau will investigate the chemistry of the subject of wood preservatives. The necessary expert assistance during the year will more than absorb the total allowance which has been inade, and the additional funds necessary, together with all incidental expenses of the labora- tory, will be supplied from the miscellaneous funds of the Bureau of Chemistry. DENDRO-CHEMICAL LABORATORY. The work outlined for this laboratory for the present year is as follows: (1) Continuation of the analytical studies on the composition of the wood and bark of certain American oaks and hemlocks. (2) Extension of the work on American wood pulps and wood-pulp papers in connection with the investigation on the availability of cer- tain woods as a source of wood pulp, the ultimate object being the creation of a paper-testing laboratory which shall exercise an intelli- 150 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. gent control over the purchases of paper made by the United States Government. In connection with these plans, suitable apparatus has been designed for determining the physical properties of various papers. The work will also include extensive microscopical studies of the fibers. (3) Cooperation with the Association of Official Agricultural Chem- ists on analytical methods applied to feeding stuffs and tanning materials. (4) Continuation of investigations on the composition and com- mercial value of new forest products obtained in our island posses- sions. Arrangements have been made with the Philippine Bureau of Forestry whereby such materials will be systematically collected and sent to this laboratory. (5) A study of the extent to which American turpentine is adulterated. (6) An investigation of the composition and relative wearing quality of American tanned sole leather. A machine for determining the wearing quality has been built and will shortly be placed in position. Arrangements have been made for the collection of a large number of samples of such leather. (7) A study of the effect of dry and moist heat on the physical properties of wood. At the request of this laboratory the Bureau of Forestry has purchased a Riehle testing machine, which will be placed in the road-material laboratory and will be used for compara- tive work. (8) A continuation of the investigation on chemical methods for killing trees. (9) Further studies on the chemistry and histology of the cellular tissues of the wood and bark of trees. In addition the laboratory will, as heretofore, carry on cooperative work with the other Bureaus and Divisions of the Department, in so far as this work comes within the province of its special lines of in- vestigation. The work on the card index embracing all literature bearing on dendro-chemistry will be continued. soe ae aa 55 Eigenedularicar es. <0) es 21 | Ne boTrdes tie at SS ee SOS Se 44 | dD A ee ea eh ae 2, 234 A bulletin on the food of the sparrows, by Sylvester Dwight Judd, has been published. Its preparation occupied three years, and in- volved the examination and tabulation of more than 4,000 stomachs, besides a large amount of field work. It is believed that the results are of interest and value to farmers throughout the land. For sev- eral years Dr. Judd has also been studying the birds on a Maryland farm, which he has visited for this purpose at frequent intervals and at all seasons. The farm selected is one yielding a diversity of crops, and is believed to be as nearly typical as could be found within con- venient distance from Washington. In pursuance of this work, Dr. Judd has carefully studied the food of every species of bird on the place, as well as could be determined by field observation, and at the same time has noted the quantity and character of the visible supply of bird food. He has observed the birds not only at all seasons of the year, but at all hours of the day and in all conditions of weather and temperature, and has also taken specimens at various times in order to examine the contents of their stomachs. The object in view has been to find out the relations and interactions of birds and insects upon farm crops; to ascertain if any direct checks upon the ravages of insects through the actions of birds are noticeable, and to judge as nearly as may be what damage is done to crops by birds them- selves, and to what extent this damage is offset by useful services rendered. For many years the fruit growers of California have been com- plaining of the destruction of fruit by birds. In order to gain definite knowledge upon this subject, Prof. F. E. L. Beal visited California in May, 1901, and remained there nearly four months studying the con- ditions that prevail in the great fruit-growing sections. During this time he visited some of the principal fruit-raising centers and studied the habits of birds in the orchards when the fruit crop was at its best. Incidentally, he traveled nearly 3,000 miles within the limits of the State, and interviewed many of the principal fruit growers, who cour- teously extended every facility for his investigations. He collected more than a thousand stomachs of birds, mostly taken in orchards when the fruit was ripe, and also such of the common insects, seeds, and wild fruits as were deemed likely to serve as food for birds. Since his return the stomachs have been examined, together with others previously received from collectors in California. In view of the great interest now taken in game protection, a study of the food habits of game birds is of pressing need. It is desirable to ascertain the true economic position of the different members of this group in order to determine to what extent their preservation is demanded by reasons other than those founded upon their value as 212 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. food or the desire to kill them for sport. Accordingly, during the past year, Dr. Judd has been pursuing such investigation. He has now in view a bulletin on the food of the Gallinz, and will include with these the woodcock as a bird of special interest from the fact that owing to the high esteem in which it is held as an article of food, and the lack of adequate laws for its protectioy, it is fast vanishing from the earth. This work is well advanced and may be expected at an early date. Bulletins onthe food of waterfowl and shore birds are in contemplation, and some work has already been done in these groups. PROTECTION OF BIRDS AND GAME. During the year work under the Lacey Act has been continued along three main lines—(1) publication of information on game protec- tion; (2) improvement of the inspection service connected. with impor- tation of foreign birds and animals; and (3) cooperative work in restricting interstate shipment of game contrary to law. PUBLICATIONS, The compilations and synopses of game laws issued from time to time have been distributed widely, and are in constant demand. With a view to making the ever-changing provisions of the State laws better known, a digest of the game laws for 1901 and two posters showing close seasons in the United States and Canada were distrib- uted in September, about the beginning of the hunting season. A revised edition of the laws protecting nongame birds was published later. Circulars were also issued containing the game laws of the District of Columbia, regulations for impor rtation of reptiles into Hawaii, and for the introduction of the eggs of game birds into the United States. The annual directory of State officials and organiza- tions concerned with game protection was prepared for the Yearbook of the Department and afterwards issued separately. Finally, a pop- ular account of the woodcock and wood duck, by Dr. A. K. Fisher, the first of a series of special papers on game birds, was also published in the Yearbook. IMPORTATION OF FOREIGN SPECIES. During the year 287 permits were issued for the entry of about 200 mammals and 50,000 birds, an increase of 101 permits and 43,000 birds, and a decrease of 150 mammals, compared with the transactions in 1901. The figures are, however, subject to revision, as the num- ber of birds actually imported is often less than that called for in the permit. There has been a decided increase in the number of birds entered at New York, while the number imported at San Francisco has decreased, particularly in the case of Australian species. This decrease is attributed to the long-continued drought in Australia and the consequent difficulty in securing birds there. Among the most noteworthy mammals imported may be mentioned a musk ox captured near the mouth of the Mackenzie River and entered at San Francisco. This specimen, the first musk ox in captivity in the United States, is now in the collection of the New York Zoological Society. A number of North African ostriches, the first of this species of ostriches to be brought in for propagation, were imported for the ostrich farm at Pasadena, Calif. Importations may be divided into two general groups—game birds DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY. 213 imported for propagation in captivity, and birds brought in to sup- ply the trade in cage birds. Of these two classes, the latter greatly exceeds the former in numbers. The consignments of cage birds are often of considerable size, and to prevent any injurious species from entering unnoticed amid a large number of harmless ones, arrange- ments were made through the Secretary of the Treasury, in July, 1901, whereby all big consignments of cage birds arriving at New York, the main port of entry for birds, were subjected to examination by the inspectors of this Department. Approximately, 200,000 birds, including about 180,000 canaries, were entered at New York, most of which were inspected. The new duties thus created necessitated the appointment of an additional inspector at New York, making three in all now on duty at that port. On January 1, 1902, the inspection service was extended to the Ter- ritory of Hawaii and a special inspector appointed for Honolulu. Owing to absence of cable communication with the islands this inspec- tor has been authorized to issue permits subject to general instrue- tions from the Department. In May, at the earnest request of the Chamber of Commerce in Honolulu and of some of the sugar planters of Hawaii, an order was issued requiring permits for all reptiles imported into the Territory and prohibiting the entry of poisonous species. Twelve foreign species of mammals and birds are now known to be acclimated in Hawaii, four of which—the mongoose, the English spar- row, the mina, and the Java ricebird (Munia nisoria)—are injurious. In Porto Rico the mongoose is acclimated and also two species of African weaver birds, whose exact economie status is not yet known. A few specimens of the mongoose are still in captivity in the United States, but these are, as a rule, in public zoological gardens where their safe-keeping is assured. So far as known, no prohibited species have been brought into the United States during the year. Entry has been refused in the case of one mongoose at San Francisco and two fruit-eating bats and one kohlmeise at New York. The principal importers of foreign birds and animals have shown no disposition to attempt the importation of pro- hibited species and have uniformly complied with the requirements of the law. By an act of Congress approved June 3, 1902, the prohibition against the entry of eggs of game birds which has existed since 1894 has been removed, and these eggs can now be imported, under regulations of this Department, for propagation. The regulations necessary to carry out the law were promptly promulgated, and within a few weeks after the bill was signed the first importation of eggs arrived at New York. INTERSTATE COMMERCE IN GAME. The provisions of the law regarding interstate commerce in game have necessarily been carried out very largely through cooperation with State officers. Special mention should be made of the services rendered in this connection by the State game commissioner of Illinois and the State game wardens of Iowa, Michigan, and West Virginia. Through the cordial cooperation of the Attorney-General, the cases referred for action to the Department of Justice have been taken up as promptly as possible and many of them prosecuted to a successful termination. During the year 39 cases, involving the illegal shipment of about 5,000 birds, were reported to this Department, as against 57 214 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. eases, involving the shipment of about 16,000 birds, during the pre- ceding year. This decrease in number of cases does not necessarily imply a more careful observance of the law, for it is probable that only a comparatively small number of violations are brought to the surface. The proportion of convictions, however, will probably be larger, for the eases of this year have been supported by much better evidence than those of 1901, and their prosecution is likely to prove much more effective. Of the cases arising this year, only two have been dropped for lack of sufficient evidence, and one is still awaiting action; the others have been referred, 25 to the Department of Justice and 13 to State officers. Four of the State cases have already resulted in conviction. Since the passage of the act 24 convictions have already been secured in cases passing through this Department—14 in the Federal courts and 10 in the State courts; and 30 or more cases are still pending in the Federal courts. BIRD MIGRATION. Prof. W. W. Cooke, author of ‘‘ Bird migration in the Mississippi Valley” (Bulletin No. 2 of this Division, 1886), has been temporarily employed to arrange the material that has accumulated since the pub- lication of the former bulletin. In working out the winter ranges and migration routes it was found that the number of observers in the South Atlantic and Gulf States was insufficient to supply the needed data. Consequently, a large amount of preliminary work had to be done, and at the very beginning an attempt to increase the number of observers in these sections was undertaken. With this object in view about 800 letters were written, resulting in promises of aid and cooperation from over 200 persons, and the actual receipt of nearly six times as many reports as came from these sections in 1901. = 2232282222! i552 - 22 110, 000 118, 000 BAO lOPICA INES DP AIONS meee > non Saas es Sees ee ee ee 30, 000 30, 000 Botanical investigations and experiments -_:_.-.-.....----.----------.------ 55, 000 65, 000 Grass and forage: plant investigations. -22225*222 2222-52222. -- 2-5) nets sae 30,000 | 45, 000 Beaperimnoentalrcardens and erounds=-2.2- 552-2526 22 32 seks a Set 25, 000 35, 000 Arno Tome xperiinontal tarine=- seen) 2a ees ee Joes ee ee 15,000 | 25,000 Investigating production of domestic sugar --__-----.---.-----.------------| 5,000 | 5, 000 PleseeniinorityOntl Ca tlONs see sn ne te ee sees ae ee ee 10, 000 10,000 Purchase and distribution of valuable seeds_-...._._._-----_--------------- 270,000 | 270, 000 GEES IV alin CS LI Oa LOM eee fa ee Ss ee Ae NEE a Ses en eee 254,000 260, 180 LUG HOEY 22 Ss Se oe eee ae Sar a ee ec 60,500 | 49,500 DGPS MESTID IC See > Se eee nee en See ee eens Oy eh a ae Se ao ee a 130, 000 | 173, 000 BOMmOlOciICalanvestPanlons soos. ei BS eo ee a ce 45,500 | 30,500 Ope A MN GES Hla HONS ess ee eee es eee ee ee 28,000 | 30, 000 nie uO eer ase eee a ae Ne oe A ek ee EES 200, 000 | 215,000 Collecting eceluuel statistics _______- eee See eee) ook ae ea et ee 94, 200 108, 000 Agricultural experiment stations ($796,000) @____---_------- eee eee aoa 76, 000 105, 000 irnpbidOmitiuectinratOns = 9-9 = ese. 2 ees Pele Soe eee eee eee 20,000 | 30,000 Trrigation investigations -___-_-_---- wen ee A os et Bee Se ben eee 65, 000 | 75,000 arene road mranehiniCs = sees ene tes tases eine oe ee ee as Soe eee 30, 000 | 40, 000 Horeicmmarkepinvestivanlous: 2292-2 -2 S25 hake Pos soe tke essen ake eae 6,500 6,500 Siikoravesuon MOUS =. -5 2 4e= ae. See Bek See ve Wr Vek eed Pet See od oe Sp i 10, 000 10,000 ixpenses,,burcamorAnimalindustry >. 225 222.-—222s2--+-s25225-s252-52=| 1, 160, 000 1, 300, 000 PR teal sees Sn ons 2 ee ane Se ee eee a eee ben eeec ee | 3, 240, 20) 3,571, 450 WEATHER BUREAU. aes ete se ase at a amas ep ete eae a et Soe oe ai oe ee 165, 260 172,590 He eH Sta Nene pains oe eee ee ee ee ee 10,000 | 12.000 OTN COUMOXPODEOS 6 - sees ape oe ae ae Le nee a ee mie ell 8,000 8,000 GAETUEINTL GIR) D ENS Se ee eee See ee See ee eS ee ee ee ee | 915, 500 915,500 iMeteoroloricallobsernvation(stations:=— = - 22-0 2-55) was i Te ee eee 60,000 | ~° 60,000 Benga ren nn ee Si eee hit ey ee Pe a be ee ee 50,000 | 50, 000 GCanlestandulandsines > —= ee Sees es a ee re ee Se ee 40000) |= 2 eee Storm-warning stations, Glenhaven and South Manitou Island, Mich----- 154000) (222 ae otaisaW cathermouredul. = s° 22!) 7 as ee eee ewes oo oe is eee 1, 263, 760 | 1,218,090 (GHETT AGE OLED Wi S Sh i oe as eine i han ae tc ps Eine renting Se SS Se 4,503,960 | 4,789,540 | | aOf this amount $720,000 is paid directly to the experiment stations from the Treasury Department. APPROPRIATIONS FOR 1902 AND 1903. The appropriations for 1902 and 1905 are shown in the following table, and it will be seen that there is an increase in favor of the latter year of $641,540: Appropriations for the years 1902 and 1903. Amount | Amount : appropri- | appropri- Object. ated for | ated for 1902. 1903. NaIAICS OMICEEA ENG ClOP KS o: ase ao ce Ee te Be $373, 820 $465,500 LUT DPSDY ay SR AR eee Sle I eee Dae ne Se as eee A AOR A 7,000 8,000 Sonnmeentexpenses:. ==. eee ee el ee Se: SE ee 37, 000 37,000 Weretable pathological investigations. ---._---=---+.-..- -=--==-"==-=------+- 60, 000 105, 000 Homeloricalinyestigations. --- 2. =~ -.2 oe eae eo ee 20,000 30,000 Botanical investigations and experiments. ---...---_-:-==--_=--------=---=-- 45, 000 55, 000 Grassiand forase plant investigations 2.22. =.) s2_. 2-22 22- 232 20, 000 30,000 el Sarcens and Srounds =- os s-— = se ee ee 20,000 | 25, 000 Arun fonexperimental farm - 2) 92 5-2. 555 ee, Be ee ees 10, 000 15, 000 Investigating production of domestic sugar-_---.-.-._-.--._-.----------------- 5, 000 | 5,000 TeacumareinyestigatoOns: =~: 232-025 222.5 Sa ee ee ee ae ee 7,000 f 10,000 Purchase and distribution of valuable seeds ------__------------_----------- 270,000 | 270,000 IGOLEeS EE ypmMVeStIPAtIONS: 4. —. 2-2 oss on sanos seen ae ee ae ee 146, 280 | 254, 000 Leboratory——...2-=- 1! Pie PATS os ot es ae J ee eee oe a 24,500 | 60, 500 DOMMMVOStID MIIODS 22h. s>-— F 7 k e ee eo e ene 91,000 130,000 224 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Appropriations for the years 1902 and 1903—Continued. | Amount Amount . | appropri- | appropri- Object. ated for | ated for 1902. 190: Plans for building, Department of Agriculture_-_-_-._....-..---------------- 5 000) |= = iintomoloricalumyestioa tions |.) ss eae ee eee ee 25,500 $45, 500 Biolocicalanvestivatlons 2-5-2222 aaa te ee ee ee 20, 000 28,000 IPTUDLICA GIONS aes eas 5 ae ee ee ee a a ee ee 173, 000 200, 000 Collectinejagricultural’statisticss 222) 22 a i ee ee ee a ee 105, 000 94, 200 Agricultural experiment stations ($796,000) ¢_.._-.-.-.------------.--------- 69, 000 76,000 INMiriLiOn MVESMPAONS! 2 - ae n= sae eee eee eee eee eee es 20, 000 20, 000 ied epay Noy Mabon els negro) sls a A eR ea ee ee ee Sse Sat 50, 000 65, 000 iPublic-Poad yinquinles: == 2 = <5. -p = sae ee a ee ee eee eee 20, 000, 30,000 Horeign market investigations. -- <2 2. 222 2 as Ro ee ee 15, 000 6,500 Silksinvestigations. 222222 2222 20 sec ee ne oo nn = eee el eee 10,000 Quarantineistations, {22-2 222 8 8 aca ee ee ae ee 25,000 |e eee Expenses. Bureau of Animal Industry 22-22 5-2-2 2222 = oan eee | 1,050, 000 1,160, 000 Tse ine Reg Ae eae sede hb Bieta o, ir pee atest Ay sy 8: | 2,714,100 | 3,240,200 | ; WEATHER BUREAU. Salawies (st nee s sac coulcasees ere oae Sess a socad seeee eee ee eae =e 159, 820 165, 260 Muaelvlights and! Trepairs: -23-<. Sse ne a a ne See oe Se 9,000 10,000 Conbtinventexpensess +25 .935 “LOYBMOOL PUB ‘“QILSTT ‘LouvBelo ‘ywoF | 00 ‘0060 ‘90 puw ‘suLoo0.1q ‘eseiionul ‘HUI ‘seyoyeuL “[ro ‘qysI,T ‘douvelo ‘BoE | 00 'ZC% pv 009164 ‘OHBIOJS LOZ YOSOTO | OO ORLY “OSR[LIONUT PUB ‘HUI ‘SoyoyBUr ‘[1O ‘GUST ‘touvoeTo ‘ywoH | 98 °TTZ Dito *19JVM PUB ‘YIST] ‘LomRe[O ‘yRoF | OS Tees v —sopnpouy ‘qunouLryw ‘yuey “$}00.1]8 ULV] PUB INUTB AA W99M JO Joo.148 TAIL ‘SUIpMa o1pqnd uy “400.148 SSeISUO PUL ONUCAB YSEqBAA JoULOD ‘SuIpIMg uwMTLOypNy sjoorys TounyD pue eed 19U.L09 ‘SULp[ Ing Teyuepn ee APSR aR ne ee aLends doUO-4s0g ‘surptma orpqnud uy ek POL ee ee 400.148 ULB §ZZ ON ‘SULpTIng vuuog ut Se a eee eer ae ce Belen Sass anaes 400.148 ULB, UO in eae ae os $399.1448 JSALyf PUB UB], 1eu.109 ‘Surpting o1qnd uz Say Gr ee ONUGAB ISAT [10Z SULP[ ING Uepso Le 2 LOHR AN ul eae) Ghee sjoo.4s ATMO pur [[BA 1ou.L00 ‘Surpting orqnd ut Piaget See Joo1}S PABMOF YIAON eg Aqisaoatay surydoyH suyor ee ee ee a aon Fa ee {00.148 ULB ‘SULp[INg UBUIT[Og UT = eas $300145 OMoeI) pu [joqduleyH Jeu.100 ‘surpting o1pqud uz *SOnUOAB oplovd pus’ purjsy opoyy 1ous0o ‘Surpying nvoang 10eq3vo AA UT oe SJOO.14S BVIFOLLVA PUB pROAg 1ouLoo ‘suIpTIng ealdury uy er ye ance Sak. BMOT ‘4.10dueABq Gerace fe) N “‘qo[Uy ONLY -----=- x97, ‘aSLIqO snd.109 weee------5 suvy ‘BIpsLoouo_~, Riches eae orgy ‘suquinjpop ste ene ECE TC ULL Of) oe fake cal Oy" “PIG uIN[ORH mala alam OLTO *PURTOASTO DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. 230 “Oor pur ‘suoo1q ‘eSRironur ‘yur ‘soyoyRur ‘[ro ‘QysIy ‘yvo_L *LOPBAVTO PUB ‘*.1oJBM “4IPLST] ‘LouUBeloO ‘4yBoFL *LOPBM PUB YBOFL *10]BM PUB ‘duos ‘oor ‘sum0o0iq ‘seyoyRur ‘[IO ‘USI, ‘touRepo ‘4yvoH ‘puno.s jo ,uey ‘duos pure ‘10}BM ‘ov ‘SULOO.L ‘OSBTIONUT ‘YUL ‘SseTO}VUL ‘QUST “.LouUBvETO ‘ywoH *10JVM PUB ‘OL ‘SuLOO.1q ‘eSB[IONUL ‘HUT ‘seToOVUT ‘4ST, ‘LoUBaTO ‘yBVoHL ‘QOLA20S 1ojluel pue ‘Joo. jo osn ‘puBISysSeM ‘4YoTIOJ JO osn ‘1ojBA “4ST, ‘yuoH 4USI] puv ‘1ouveyo ‘voy *109BVM PUB 4ST ‘Louvopo ‘yRoFL *1O]BM PUB ‘.109BM OI ‘SULOO.Iq ‘}ILSIT ‘teuvelo ‘4yRo_L ‘OOTA.LOS LOJIUE puR “QI.SsI] ‘yeBoH “QU SI, puv ‘1ouBelo ‘yvoey “QUST puv ‘1ouBoelo ‘4yvo FL —sopnyouy 00 096 » 00°96. 00 OF a 00 099 » 00016 “‘qunoULy “yuo ‘penulywog—'aza ‘sayopnur §390.148 [vAOY puvB SlOUBL IS 1eu.109 ‘Ssurptma orqnud up “YINOS ‘ONUOGA SALT PUB 0914S PAIL 1ou.109 ‘Surpring orqnd uy *sje0148 TosyoR lt? pur uosieyesr UseMjeq ‘Joodjs UISMOOSI AA ‘SUIp[Inq oqnd uy eTA0RLe eg nee ba Sano 400.148 ULB WO ‘SUIp[INg MOY SLOT UT *qoo.14s | TUSIQ puv onuosav puooes-AJUOM, 1ou.Loo ‘Surppinq orpqnd uy 8J99.14S JUNOH INOS pUB ULV] LOUALOD ‘SULp[INg 10,10g UT $J90.1}S JUOLY PUv U0 -SUIYSB AM 1OU.LOd JSveyyNos ‘Yue ssuravg AjyunoH oyonbavy_ UT Lo CUE ees eure sa' a Soe wba os AES GRETA coe eyouroy [oJoH uy\ ON ‘O0} UR] TBO ‘QUIOg Salo M FV! Sjoo.1js ALLOG[ NL pus pul, tou.too ‘surprimq orpqud uz 400.148 URAL 108 ‘SULpTINgG Avy uy SJOA.1]S JNUYSOyH pu [I.ANo0y toustoo ‘Surppimaq orqud uz aE colar tae ees joo14s Sutidg qQnos fzZoT ‘Surp[iIng WOs[LM UT “suLIdg pue .equap oes 4oq ‘J00.1s puodeg Uo ‘Surpring orqnd uy “‘sjoor4s L puv qajjeM yy, 1eur09 ‘surpting vyseiqeN jo AjIsaoATUQ UT Ta RONG SS 400148 OUOJSOUILT FJNOsS ‘SUIpP[INg ose] [OH 03%49 UT LOORIEE Oo ne SARA TOTES a 400.148 FW 61g ‘SUIP[Ing ong 2 Jueq UT SONUGAB [OJIdVH PUB UBSITOIPL LoUL0d ‘SuTp{iIng [Blopeayy UT ea 400.148 ULB 9g ‘Surpring AuvduLoH «zoquiny JUOMe.y UT Tbe we $100.1}8 0}B1gG PUB GJIMOW Lou.L09 2 ETPIEAG, orqnd uy FERS Peer sae esessouuey, JO AJISAOATU YL) Youed oY} Wo ‘Ssulp[ing nveing 1oy}Be MA UT §300.1938 [BM PUB [BANG 1oULOd ‘SuIpling ore MA UT $199.148 NRepuST_ PUB TAZUGADG JoeU.LOo ‘Surpting orqnd up 499.1448 TJUIN PUB ONUOAB PUBL) LOULOO ‘SULp[INg OU[VIY UL *S}00.1]S yurg [vuoyVN prauop ut UIp[INg nvoing 1oy ve AA UT puoseg puv Uley, 10.100 ‘SULpTiM Siok” HIS AMS ae ES OShoy-IysI] Lvou SSS ore BTV “TL Onn bs ae ee uur ‘stpodveuuryy wee aasen-- SIM ‘OOyNBATIPL warren ---- Zuo; ‘A4ID SOTLAL SSIJT “UBIPLIOf uugy, ‘sIadure pl : TOU ‘eyonbaieypy Parapn e ““"" O 'N ‘oojueyy Sets ae spear aa ae By) ‘WOOR]L CACORE Ore BA ‘sanqyoudsryT alt ¥ ‘OT[TAstno'y [ep ‘sejesuy so'yT ALY “0F PTV AqoaN ‘Upooury or setinae nats Ay ‘uo, Ssurxo'y pas Se aeieks Sn OTRpT ‘WO Ys I MorT Fee eS RD ton TOU, ‘Suisuev'y AE pare oat Se mee OAM ‘Lopue'y SLM ‘OSSOAD BT "5577 7+ >" UOT, ‘OT LA KOU ST ce ON ‘yey Ayr FPS a saeISe Bl “ISA AA AO lx ices, So Shope BMOT ‘YUYOOY er BRO OW ‘AIIM svsuvy Cast jee iia PUOP ‘TToasrypVy eee ee =~ S Bly teyidne Bl OT[LAMOS HOB LP? Se ee Snes A AN ‘eovyal puy ‘s!jodeuwerpuy ‘penulywoo—SaLvis GQaLIND €HL NI SNOLLVALS MOL} BOOT “HOLPBYS ‘suooug ‘aar Ssogvunl ‘4ybr ‘ynay sp suagr yons Burpnpour ‘pozUas poRUUD puD WOLZDI0] YPN *SU0rtZDIS! 231 DIVISION OF ACCOUNTS AND DISBURSEMENTS. ‘Q[QRolJoOUAd UA Sutod osvo] ‘GUoULOOTS’ WOJIIIM LOPU() q ‘LOJVM PUB ‘4ILST] ‘LOUBOTO “YROFT "JOSOTO-LOJVM LOJ JUOL 10} AA, ‘duos pur ‘oot ‘SuI0oq ‘eSR[LONUT zy UT ‘SoTOPBUr ‘TLO‘FIPST] ‘LowBoTO “Y ROLL *1OJBM PUB ‘AILST] ‘LouReo ‘ywoT]{ ‘dvos pux “109BM ‘oor ‘SuTOO.LG ‘os B[Tonut ‘YUL ‘SoTopeUL “4ST “yVoH *£IOJBART PUB JOSOTO-.10}B AY ‘duos pur ‘109RM ‘OoL ‘SULOOG ‘OS B[LONUT YUL ‘SoyoPRUt ‘[LO'FTST] ‘ LOUBOTO"F BOTT “LOVBM PUB ‘4ILST] ‘LouVoyTo “ROFL ‘dvos pus ‘QOL ‘SULOOAIG ‘OSR[LONUL YUL Ssoetoy VUE “4 TL.ST] ‘LoUBeTO"YBO FL *1OPBM OOT PUB ‘S[TRU -BIS ULLOJS PUB OOO LOJ FILS] OLAJooTo “LouUBO[O *YROFT “Aqrodoad Loy bSR10j8 puwB ‘oor ‘s1oyBAoypoe ‘yWeuyssepy jo osn ‘ssord Surjuitd woof WO.LIN) OLLOoTo ‘surdAj0o.1098 LOJ SVs 10 APLC OOO ‘S[TRUSIS pUB OOO LOJ JIS] ‘touvolo “yvoF, “ILS, puL SLomVoTo ‘yvopFT 4st, puv ‘tounoyo ‘yvopyp ‘STOO PUR ‘os BpLoOnut ‘YUL ‘SeTo}VUT ‘4TL.SI] ‘}BVoHL *1OUBM PUL “YULSLL ‘VRoFyT *po}RBoOT ST SUL -pimg neaing .oyjyve A Tou WO punodsd JO FWOL LOT ‘sotjddns pure sooAoldtie Oy UOT}RILOdSUBIY PUB ‘.10ZBAM “4ILSIT “YVoOFL ‘duos pur ‘.109RM ‘dT ‘SULOO.LG ‘OSVIONUL “YUL ‘SOTO RUT ‘OOYO LOZ JST] ‘Aouvolpo “4voF, *‘SPUOTINAYSUL LOJ earmsodxe pur ‘suroo.1q ‘setToyeuL ‘4ST, ‘teuvelo ‘yvoF, OO BLE » 00 OF» 0001S OG 688 » 00 Seg » 00 00G 6” 00 “008 a 96 OGL» 00 896 00°G» OO "OGF €% GIR een ache SJOeIS OOF FS pU YIUOAGG LOW.109 ‘SUIpTIng BpOxB'T] UT ‘O0R[q OsURyOX pUB Joorjs oT]TAoyjoARY Lout09 ‘SuIpting «oysty Uy gre aise aoe §]00.1}8 ULB, PUP YIXIG 1oU..o9 ‘surpping orquad uy ---- -sqoa.rg8 YUOAOS T.LOU pUB STARC 1OT.LOD ‘suTpTInG oyqud Uy RRS a eon neler en ie Joos OSUBYOXT 1G ‘UV [VUOIUVN ISar iy eas $]00.1}8 10} BAM. PUB YYXIG 1ou109 ‘Sulpling [B.opey, UT $}001}8 WV pur Pal, Lou.to0d9 ‘Surpl Ing Ivy Uy SUIp[Ing nva.ing .oyyve MM UT oe Se erig oe a ee 100548 10} UNH SOA EPE ‘SurpyIME YooH uy ---ONMOAT AMO OF PALL, Goorys proyyyiuag ‘Surpyma opqud uy wane eee ee ONTOAR BLOYVC vou ‘{OO.14S 0.110 ‘ool §,.1ostof) UL ikgeeen oe 8]00.1j8 JUUZSOYO puwx YIULN Louaoo ‘Ssurppmq orpqud uy 4001S SULBPYV PUY ONUOAY ISAT] Y910U Lou.too ‘surpliiMg Joq [By UL “=== 100.098 JUOULULOAOY) PUB XOJV[V_ ouaoo ‘surppinq orqud uy Seance S}OO.1}S VURITNE PUB TAIL Lou.too ‘Surpymaq orpqnd uy ~~ s]00.148 YVO PUL LOMB Jo.1ou.109 ‘TRE, AYO UT Nea PRs eR Rear a eee hoe P 400048 Bploug ‘surptinq orqnd uy Seite et Sjoo.1]s ESpod puv Y}W90}XIG 1ou.loo9 “SurplMaq orqud uy ~---ONUOAB PUBL PUB AVAPBOA LOUW.L09 ‘SUIp[Ing WoOs}.toq [ny UL Wee TALES sjoo.14s LOMO PUB UAL 10.109 ‘TRET SMOT[OW PPO UT SUIp[INg nvomeg 1oyyvo A UT 400.148 [BAP UD WO *APISTOATUL) TOIMAON UT sigck wiclakiic eee to JOOS ULVAL G6I-16T “SUIp[INgG zug suozt4ty) UT ae ce ae iat AVMpvoag oop ‘surprmg Ajorng uvorlsoury Uy ----S190.1]8 OSNOTUIOJSND PUY IMjrood 1oW.LO9 ‘Surpring o1pqud uy SeiuaeRCee ay ea TNT qooys JodeyH 068 ‘SUIpP[ ing SouURINSUT UT ‘100.148 ee cigs pues oov[_d LOYOoO[ AOU.L09 ‘Surpling woyxjg JUoUILtoc Xa Aosiof MON UT Gi ols gia 4 Aweq Surovy ‘Surpping Aosuesy werpuy UT -"" 100148 TOMMY GG ‘oLEULULOED JO Loqravyy) UT ea ge Rugs to ae 400.148 UMOISSUTY ‘os¥RjOH USTpO UT Redablly GRE as §}00.14S 1098 \\ PUB ULV LOM.LOD ‘osnoF Qni{OM oylovd UT shh islet imi iste I IOI Sa Or IS ERR Ce Ge pee rect qroruiMs WO SRS SRES: sredjvurey, yUno nod w.10ysno ‘Surpping ArojyBAdosq dg U : rT . . Jehiele GES 8100148 TYXIG pUB YUOAT LOUD ‘UB [BUOLTZBN 4SAty UT --ONUOAT OJ XO] PUR 400.148 DOUGIMBT] LOULOD ‘SuIpTINgG oipqud uy PRA Face Shatter a bre eee thea yodep pRorLey oOYlovd pus Vy) Uy ‘OSROT SUIBSTXO TYLA OOMURPLOD9B UT p chibi weds 419 prdvar O'N‘YSoTRy Se a aeie aia aad opLop ‘olqoud BOI ‘PUBLpLOg OW puryy.od YOU ‘UOIn FL 440g er: YSBM “}WOOse.t;) 4.10 Po pega [Bp ‘soAoy FULOT OTBPT ‘OT[9FBI0d, Ripa Sei Sas Bq ‘S.ANGS} 1 pbs iat" UC ‘Soto Sra vd ‘wrydpopeldd Riga cs = ALLY ‘Xtuwooy “animes BI “BLOOBSUOd "BAM ‘SAINGstoxy te ai Oras XO,[, ‘OULISOTVd KN ‘0d0 M80 aes ae oped QO N ‘BYRULC Eee: ~ BLTO ‘BVULoTeELO cokes 1q0N ‘098d WON 2S SBM ‘pBoH{ YLON A ‘PISUUIION oeee een annn =o ee BA ‘HLOFLON Cae ain AN ‘HIOK MON oS BT ‘SUVvOTIO AVON eee ae UUO*) ‘UBABET AO NT re CON ‘sOTMSUMIg MON ie are Ysua ‘Avg, [vo N Saleeaigr Sa uuaT, “OT[TAUSBN "7 ‘Qf ‘ALOT FJOSUVIR.LIG N Seer SSUIL “JoxonzuRN “THN ‘WogSsulyse A JUNOT => pap ‘stedpeure,y, FUNOPL aly I UU ‘pvoey..oopy | acetates BLV ‘A.LouLos{ uO yl Yep “wuepoxy DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. 232 ‘duos pur ‘surooaq ‘1reuveto ‘48oH J 08 'S6e0 ----$qo01JS PUODVY PUL ULV] LoU.100 ‘Sulp[ Mg Ss1eyjorg oureg uy |~-~~-~~ SBM ‘PTTRM BILBAA Deer nae Ree eT eee S}90.1]S JNUTVA\ PUB PLOJTMBIY LOULOO SuIp[M orqnd uy |---~----- ~~ sstpr ‘Banqsyor A. ‘JOSO[O-.10] BM PUB ‘1o} BA ‘WYUSTT‘tomvelo ‘geo | OO'OCFD 9 | 400.148 ULB] WO ‘SUIPTIng ][VH [vUseyVay Up |--->-- >> 1Q.0N ‘OUTJUOTR A. GON OOO! rae ee ee abe Sa eer eee eR tice Nae Loe) oy mas ASseKeCO) peg pf YSB AA “UPA T, “TOPBA pue ‘oor ‘su001q ‘esRTIoOnUL ‘YUL “JUST ‘touvelo “ywoH{ | 0O'OGRD |p ONUSAB TYXIG ISOM ZIT ‘SULp[Ing viquaInfopH UT |~--~---------> suey ‘eyodo,, Eien. apaeena ||, aan §]90.148 IBID YS pUB UOSIPRI LoU.109 ‘surIpping o1jqnd uy |---~-----------oryo ‘opefoy, "IoVeM pus ‘yys][‘1euwelo‘ywVoH | OO'GLG 989 |-- 0014S ULB 00S‘ SUIPTING yuRg [vuoTywNY AOTABy, UT |~-~> >>> 7 7 XO ‘LOTARL OR oe eof | Fa > ae aay ae ene ae See Ok Sea SUIp[Ing Nveing 1oyyve A UT |-~~ ~~ YSeVA\ ‘puvIST YSoozwy, *OOT PUB ‘OS¥[IONUT ‘HUT ‘Soyo VU ‘BIST ‘TouveTO ‘IBeH | GL'SZ@p = |e 400.148 Ul[YUBIY FETE ‘SUIP[INg JYUSIUy Ul |~~~-~-~-- >> eq ‘vduy, | “qUST[ puv‘1ouvoeo ‘4YwVoH | 0000” “8300.148 TJUIN pu 1OU.100 ‘SUIpP[INgG ood1EeULUIO* Jo LequieYyD Uy |~------------ YSVAA ‘vuLoowy, RAP RITO) aria. ae eae Sjood]s LOMOIG PUB O[[IAMOOg 1ou..09 ‘surptinq oljqnd uy |-----> ----- - oy ‘preysutadg Py eal (etary < og betes a $}00.13S [}XIG puv GOLUO[ LOU.100 ‘surIpiing orjqnd uf |~-----~----- “|, ‘preysurids “4ST, puv‘zouveyo ‘yRoH | 00099” “SONUSAV OPISLOALY PUB U[OOUTT 1ou.100 ‘SsuIpting 0}¥19 oaldurg Up |-~--~ > >>> sv ‘ousyodg eee rd Ea oe wee $300.148 S¥LSNOd PUB YYXIG 1ous09 ‘SurpyiMg orjqnd uy |----~----- Boy ‘AZID XNOIG a ees acho gitar SJoo]sS [[VYSIVP[ PUB SVXET, LOU.L09 ‘SuIp[Inq o1jqnd uy |---~-~ -----~> ery ‘gaodeaoaryg *10}BM PUB ‘4ST ‘LoUBETO ‘YBOH | (IK) OS Y TTTo me aa sass === -"="---EnUoaAB PLOIDY FO) ‘SUIP[ ING HIOX MON Ul |7----------- --YSBAA ‘eTQ9BEG AIL ol PWe- LOUWEOTO LM BOE || (( EGP). |b animnneains Ra gale gan a ONUGAB UOJSULYSVM JZ‘ suIp[Ing [[OUMOH UT |~~~ ~~ >> 7 Bq ‘U0JUBIOS cee ata aL eer eee a $}09.1]S IOV M PUB JUOpIseIg ou..Loo ‘SsurptIMg orqnd uy |--->- >>> ------ wy ‘TeuUBARs « SPUNOLS [BVUBD,, SBUMOUY rag k Te ‘UOTPBALOSOL JUSTIUIOAOH) UO SUIp[INg Nvoing JoqJVOM UT | -~ “Wor ‘ole 93g 4[NeVg *10VBM PUB ‘IYSIT‘VeVoH | OOO | -7 ONUSAB ORV UO VZR[q LOU.109 ‘SUIP[INg WO1ZVD UT |---- ~~~ >>> XOW N ‘OW BURG ‘10}BVM PUB ‘JUST ‘touvepo ‘ywoH | OO'O0RR =| $]90.148 BIONSIH PUB UepIBy) L9U.109 ‘SUIpP[Ing 1exo00aD UT |~--~ ~~ 180 ‘odstqo stwyT ueg “SurdA400.10}8 oJ Svs puw ‘ssoid Suryurid oz 19Mod O1.1}00[0 *10}BM “YUST] ‘Louvelo‘ywoH | 00 '066°Ty | -7 sjoo1}s ATeuLOSs UO, puv Ysng 10eu.t09 ‘SurplMg sl UT | - [BO ‘OosTouR. yy WBS poe ~-Joo.148 JoyLBA, PUB ONUOAB SNqUIN[OH Jou1o09 ‘Surprimg orpqnd uy |----~> ~~~ orga ‘AYSnpueg ‘901 puw ‘sumoorg ‘oSRpIonur ‘HUT ‘seTo}VUL ‘YYsT] ‘touBelO “4YBOH | OO'ONGD = | $3900.198 J puv UAL 1ouL00 ‘SUIp[Ing suryvey up |~----- 7 [Bp ‘Oss1q UBS “1oYVM PUB‘ IOUBETD‘|BAaH | (0 ‘OStD ----4o019S MOJSHOY ISvyY pUv OY ONUSAYW soUI09 ‘SurplImg Soff up |----- > xo, ‘OluoJUW weg *1OYBA c -9[9 PUB ‘1e7BM ‘SULOOIG ‘SeT[O}BUL ‘YYSIT‘Leuvoelo ‘Yee | 00009” ~ sjee1js Yynog puovsg puv o[durey, JsaM Lou109 ‘yooTg A[ood uy |~~~~~~ WRI ‘AWD eMV'T IBS ‘sAouUIIyO pus ‘duos ‘adr ‘SULOOIG ‘9SR[IONUL ‘YUL SOTYOYVUL ‘TIO ST] ‘\LouBe[o‘IVEH | GQ’ssen = | 400.148 YYXIG JSvo ZIT ‘SUIP[INg 9d1euLULOD Jo AoquaBvyH UT | ----- UU, ‘Ned ‘4S ee ~“WGUIN puv U4YsIy USseM4eq ‘400.198 OAITO UO ‘SULp[INg orjqnd uy |~-~-~--------> oP ‘smmory 4g Seawee oF Rea sasames S $J00.13S WY puv YJUEAGY Lou.09 ‘surtplimg o1jqnd uy |-----~ ~~ [Bp ‘oy UEeTTBLORS LOUR MAD IDB A Ud LiuslO CL BOT BOT ali (M) x Gos imal ania nn i glean pati cin mee Joo1js UOSPOVE fgze‘SULP[Ing SHIVA UT |------ BI1O ‘S1nqosoy egicakes Sei ck ee eS $}00.198S TSNYZILWy PUB TOInyD Lou.109 ‘surpying orqnd uy |-~-~ ~~~ > ---- AN ‘adogsoyooy ‘oovuIny SutdAjoo.104s 10J Svs puw‘ssoid LOFJ LAMOM OL.1}OOTO ‘.10FBVAOTO *.10}BM ‘QYST] ‘LouBETD ‘Yeo | (0'009RD = | sjood}s TJUueT, puv yuRg 1eu100 ‘SuLp[ing SeuILy, UT | ~~~ BA ‘puouryoNy ‘dvos puv ‘oor *sq9014s ‘SULOOIg ‘eSRLONUE ‘YUL Seto} VUE ‘[IO‘V ST] ‘Leuvelo'yeeyH | Ez 96E$v qnU[VM PUB ULV]T JO 1oud00 [eH ‘AjunoD vurvyoy, Jo UV UT |~-~~~~-~---- >> [v0 ‘ENT pew *ponult}uoo—SaLViLS daLINO @HL NI SNOLLVIS —sopnpouy ‘qunouly “MOTZBOOrT “MOLYRYS “quod ‘penulyu0yj—'aja ‘sayoznus ‘suooug ‘aor ‘woqrvunl ‘2461 ‘qnay sp swmagr s Yons Burpnjour *7DZUIL JONUUY PUD UW01ZD90) YZIMN ‘SU0I1Q015 2338 OF ACCOUNTS AND DISBURSEMENTS. DIVISION ‘OTQBOTJOVAIAUAT SULOG OSBOT ‘JUOTMOOISY U044TIM Iepuy) q *S[[0 OSpPLIq puv ‘oor ‘.10y BM “GUST OL1oo[e ‘LoUBOT—) “10}BM *10]BM PUB OOTA.LOS LOJIUBL? ‘S]USMINAJSUL OANSOdXO PUB ‘'SOXB, ‘soyBI 109B A ‘deos puv ‘1078 “4ST ‘Louve[p ‘JOOL JO OSN PUB‘STOMO} SUTTSBAM ‘1OZVA “YES ‘LOpTUB Ls? ‘s[OM0} PUB ‘dvos ‘.10y8M ‘oor ‘suLOOI ‘eSRTLONUT YUL ‘SoTo4vUL ‘[IO ‘FY sT] ‘Louve[pD ‘9SR10JS PUB ULLOJZBIA AL0IBALOSGO ‘OOTAIOS 1OpIUel pu ‘4IsI] ‘VoH *1978M PUB ‘sumoorq ‘esulronut ‘yur ‘seyoJvUL “GUST, ‘towBeTO “yRoH “‘VUSIT pus ‘1ouvalo ‘ywoH “JY SIT pur ‘1ouvolo ‘qvop OF 809 'F OF T¥&4 06 (O82 00 Fe&a 00 ‘00E a 00 ‘268 a 00 882$ 4 G9 ‘960 “GF 00 “00§ 2 90 896 See aes OpUBUAIT UWBG LOULOD 400.148 JONOTO.C 61 ‘OSBO] SUIISTXO TILM OOUBP.1009R UT v I ae ed or al 4BBIYSSOOH UO'RIILA UOJSULYSVAM UT Seka or a w=-===""""= 999,195 SBUIO, OJUBY J SULP[ING TULOLA UT Ato 0} 9oUBAIJUS YYNOS LREU ‘PRO. A.TBII[IUL JO OPIS JOT Fol eine CR ET Or 4o0.1}S PBPIULLT, WO‘eyNIYSUT [BIOUTAOA Uy Se ee ee ee eke mini ad sige git” ee koe nese Bae gc 490.148 USTTV G ve ss tae oe OLENDY OOSLOUBLT URE ‘OSoT[OH OosTOUBI YT Weg UT ate oe ee Ee RS oe UOISSUTY JO Y.LOU sSoptut Goong, ABAT[VH eget Scaae res pear $]00.148 BIdLIiqg puv odstqQ UeeMjoq ‘BpusTOByy Uy) GN SERS OE REI ae supe Spopog ‘oper 19 VI [e}OH{ Woruy) Uy \aGe ee ees §]00.148 pROlg puB IOSeIHd]T 1ouU.L09 ‘esnoH oy UT Ri eee es Se ee a ee MOY [OOd.IOATT ‘osnoy WeoLtoury UT ---==-=-"-----------1OTBAdOSod JUSMIUIOAOY) WO ‘Supima orqnd ty Soha Geg go eon a 400.138 INUTBAA GO PUB JOGO, Louse Ay UT Seep ote igh alii or a joo1]8 OSplag wo ‘esnoy-}.an09 AyUNoDd UT ST Ena PGREPr $100.138 JnUjseYyO PUY JUOAT tou.109 ‘Surprmq orqnd uy Sei cite a netie-eeieiee #===-=--=-==----699913S PII, PUBUIB], LOULOD Fe rae ara $001] JOYABP[ PUL SAL] LOW.109 ‘YOLMSpog oy Ul a ay pian st Gee [ROL TM ‘OB5BIND ‘pBISULOTILA, IMCS ‘Osurutog oJURg TM ‘Bqny ‘eqnO ep OsRIyURS “TM ‘Oory 07.10g ‘Wen ¢ UBg i TM ‘eqng ‘edtoulgd o.end "TM “Boleure ff ‘WOIsSsuly, soem = = A “BQnH ‘euBq Bey, ---- TM SBquy ‘sosenjuely) aeAN ‘sopeqivg ‘UMOJOSpLIg ~ TM ‘S8}9LM “49 ‘Od.toqosseg: ‘SNOLLVLIS NVIGNI CSHM Ge ST SS eros ZIdVy ‘BUIN A sae ete YRq ‘G‘uoJyUBA AON ‘BOONULOUUL MA O° N ‘UOjSUTUrTT A ao ee Lee ed N “WOFSTTTEM oat a eae SUB ‘BILTOLM, O8T 641 yA Lk OL GLT AT S41. GLT aT JAT 69L 89L 491 99 3) f REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN, Washington, D. C., September 30, 1902. S1r: I have the honor to submit herewith the executive report of the Library for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1902. Respectfully, JOSEPHINE A. CLARK, Labrarian. Hon. JAMES WILSON, Secretary. WORK OF THE YEAR. ACCESSIONS TO THE LIBRARY. The number of accessions to the Library for the year ended June 30, 1902, has exceeded that of any previous year. The number of books and pamphlets acquired by purchase and gift has been considerably over 4,000, making the total number of publications in the Library, exclusive of United States Government publications, nearly 75,000. In this number are not included parts of serials and issues of news- papers, which would add many thousand pieces. The principal pur- chases have been made in the direction of scientific periodicals, both in completing imperfect series and in subscriptions to those currently published, although many valuable works in natural science of early and recent date have also been acquired. Appended to this report is a selected list of some of the most important purchases during the ear. g PERIODICALS. The number of agricultural papers and scientific periodicals and serial publications has been largely increased the past year by new subscriptions, and, especially, by gifts and exchanges. About 2,200 publications of this class of accessions are currently received, of which 500 are purchased. The agricultural papers number 427, the greater number being contributed by the publishers. These papers include 210 general farm papers, 49 devoted to horticulture, 71 to live stock, 51 to poultry, 25 to dairy, 12 to tobacco, and 9to farm machinery. The countries contributing these papers are, United States 275, and for- eign countries 152. These papers, representing the agricultural inter- ests of all parts of the United States and 58 foreign countries, are kept on file for public reference, and on completion of volumes, they are bound and become a part of the permanent collection of the Library. 235 236 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. The accessions to the Library of serials relating to agriculture and the kindred sciences continue to be the most numerous, and, from the nature of the work of the Department, the most valuable. MAILING LISTS AND FOREIGN EXCHANGES. For several years the foreign mailing lists of the Department publi- cations have been in charge of the Library. These lists inelude all the foreign addresses to which the publications of twenty Bureaus and Divisions of the Department are regularly sent. During the past year these lists have been carefully revised and cut down, as far as possible, to addresses of such institutions as are working along similar lines as the Department, and as are sending their publications in exchange. The great number of publications issued by the Depart- ment and the increasing demand for them from foreign countries makes this an important branch of the Library work. The foreign publications received in exchange for the Department publications are chiefly scientific serials, and form a very large percentage of this class of accessions to the Library. The Library is thus enabled to complete imperfect series of periodicals, as well as to acquire a large number of new ones. CATALOGUE. The regular cataloguing of current accessions has been kept up to date during the year, adding many thousand cards to the catalogue. There have been added also to the catalogue printed cards purchased of the Library of Congress and printed cards for current botanical literature. A second contribution to the printed subject-catalogue of the Library has been completed, entitled ‘‘ Catalogue of publica- tions relating to botany in the Library of the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture.” The collection of botanical works represented in this catalogue is one of the largest in the country and includes many rare and valuable publications. The increase of the number of cataloguers for the coming year will further the work of the printed subject-catalogues, and will thus facilitate the reference use of special collections. PUBLICATIONS. The Library bulletins and ‘‘ Card index to the Department publica- tions” have continued to be issued as heretofore. The bulletins have included the quarterly accessions to the Library, and two publica- tions entitled, respectively, ‘‘Catalogue of publications relating to botany in the Library of the United States Department of Agricul- ture,” and ‘‘ List of references to publications relating to irrigation and land drainage.” The former of these two special bulletins com- prises 2,574 entries, representing nearly 6,000 books and pamphlets on the subject of botany. The latter bulletin includes 1,778 refer- ences to books and periodicals relating to irrigation and land drainage. The six bulletins published during the year comprise 573 printed pages. The demand for the ‘‘ Card index of the Department publications” continues. The early issues of the index on large cards are already exhausted, and it will be desirable to reprint these issues at an early date. The ‘‘Card index of the Department publications” now numbers 1,600 ecards, furnishing an author and a subject index to the Year- books for 1894 to 1900; the Farmers’ Bulletins, 1 to 141; Special reports of the Division of Accounts, 1894 to 1898; Bulletins 1 to 6 THE LIBRARY. EAT and Cireulars 1 to 7 of the Division of Soils; Bulletins 1 to 24 and Circulars 1 to 30 of the Division of Agrostology; Bulletins 1 to 24 and Circulars 1 to 29 of the Division of Botany, and the Contributions from the National Herbarium, volumes 1 to 5. Three hundred and sixty-five sets of these cards are printed, the greater number of which are distributed to the libraries of agricultural colleges and experiment stations and to public libraries which are depositories for Government documents. The contents of the publications of the Department are made much more available for use in these libraries by means of these index ecards, and consequently they are valued additions to catalogues for public use. BINDING. The number of books bound the last year has been unusually large. The number of volumes of periodicals bound was 1,127, the number of separate publications 174, making a total of 1,301 volumes. The number of general works bound has been small on account of the necessity of first providing for the preservation of current periodicals by binding. Until larger funds are available for this work but few publications besides periodicals can be bound. RECOMMENDATIONS. With the large number of valuable accessions to the Library every year the need of a fireproof building becomes more imperative. The present collection of nearly 75,000 books and pamphlets, forming an invaluable working library for the Department, is in a building unsuited and unsafe for its care and protection. The destruction of any considerable part of the Library would be an inestimable loss, and, in addition, the delay to investigations caused thereby would be most serious. In view of the increasing value of the Library, it is earnestly recommended that special consideration be given to the provision of a safe building for this division of the Department work, The new lines of investigation undertaken by the Department, together with the development of those continued from past years, have increased the demands for all available publications relating to the work in hand. Also, the establishment of special laboratories in different sections of the country has necessitated the purchase of expensive reference works for the advancement of these investigations. In order to promote these various lines of research and to meet new demands which ean not be foreseen, a more nearly adequate appropri- ation should be made for the general expenses of the Library, from which all books for use in the Department are required to be purchased. The bulletins and index cards published by the Library are desired by an increasing number of institutions each year. The editions of these publications are small, and, until a larger sum can be allotted from the general printing fund of the Department for Library publications, this branch of work will continue to fall short of the demands upon it. The requests for the index ecards to the publications of the Department are especially numerous, and as many of the applicants express a will- ingness to pay for the cards in order to secure them, I would suggest that a nominal price be placed upon the cards distributed outside the present list of agricultural colleges and experiment stations and deposi- tory libraries, the moneys thus received to be added to the general printing fund of the Department. These receipts would contribute somewhat to defraying the cost of larger editions of the Library pub- lications. 238 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. IMPORTANT PURCHASES DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1902. Bailey, Liberty Hyde, editor. Cyclopedia of American horticulture. y.4. 1902. (Completes the work.) Barla, Giambattista (Jean-Baptiste). Flore mycologique illustrée; les cham- pignons des Alpes-Maritimes avec l’indication de leurs propriétés utiles ou nuisibles. fasc. 1-6. 1888-92. Bennett, John Joseph. Plante Javanicz rariores, descripte ieonibus illustrate, quas in insula Java, annis 1802-1818, legit et investigavit Thomas Horsfield, etc. 1838-52. Berryat, J. Collection académique, composée des mémoires . . . des plus célé- bres académies . . . concernant histoire naturelle et la botanique, etc. 13 v. 1755-79. Bertolini, Antonio. Flora Italica. 10 v. 1833-54. Blanchard, Emile, and Brullé, Auguste. Insectes de l1’Amérique Méridionale. 1837-43. Bonanni, Philippo. Rerum naturalium historia, nempe quadrupedum, insecto- tum, piscium, variorumque marinorum corporum, fossilium, plantarum exoticarum ac preesertim testaceorum, etc. 1723. Bonaparte, Charles L. Iconografia della fauna italica. 3 v. 1832-41. Bresadola,G. Fungi Tridentini novi, vel nondum delineati, descripti, et iconibus illustrati. v. 1-2. fasc. 1-14. 1881-1900. Brookshaw, George. Pomona Britannica; or, A collection of the most esteemed fruits at present cultivated in Great Britain. 2y. 1817. Clusius, Carolus. Rariorum plantarum historia. 1601. Cooke, Mordecai Cubitt. TIlustrations of British fungi, Hymenomycetes, to serve as an atlas to the ‘‘ Handbook of British fungi.’’ 8v. 1881-91. Curtis, George. British entomology; being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland. 16v. 1824-39. Cuvier, G. L. C. F. D. Animal kingdom arranged according to its organization. 1834. Démidoff, Anatole de. Voyage dans la Russie méridionale et la Crimée, sur la Hongrie, la Valachie et la Moldavie. 6yv. 1840-42. Friedberger, Franz,and Fréhner, Eugen. Pathology and therapeutics of domes- tic animals. 2v. [1894.] Fries, Elias aA Icones selectze Hymenomycetum nondum delineatorum. v.1. 1867-[75]. Fries, Elias Magnus. Sveriges itliga och giftiga svampar tecknade efter naturen. 1861. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, Etienne. Tableau des quadrumanes, ou des animaux com- posant le premier ordre de la classe des mammiféres. (1812.) Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, Isidore. Descriptions des collections de Victo1 Jacquemont; mammifeéres et oiseaux. 1842-43. Gervais, Paul. Zoologie et paléontologie francaises, animaux vertébrés. 3 v. in 1. 1848-52. Harcourt, Leveson Francis Vernon-. Rivers and canals; the flow, control, and improvement of rivers, and the design, construction, and development of canals. Ed. 2,enl. 2v. 1896. Harriman Alaska expedition. Alaska. 2y. 1901. Herbst, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm. Kurze einleitung zur kenntniss der insekten. 3v. 1784-87. Hermann, Jean Frédéric. Mémoire aptérologique. 1804. Hermann, Johann. Tabula affinitatum animalium, olim academico specimine edita, nunc uberiore commentario illustrata cum annotationibus, etc. 1783. Hogg, Robert, editor. Herefordshire pomona, containing coloured figures and descriptions of the most esteemed kinds of apples and pears. 2 vy. (7 pts.). 1876-85 [1878-84. | Hooker, William. Pomona Londinensis; containing colored engravings of the most esteemed fruits cultivated in the British gardens. v.1. 1818. Jager, Gustav,and others, editors. Handworterbuch der zoologie, anthropologie und ethnologie. 8v. 1880-1900. Knight, Thomas Andrew, compiler. Selection from the physiological and horti- cultural papers, published in the transactions of the Royal and Horticultural societies. 1841. Law, James. Text book of veterinary medicine. 3yv. 1896-1901. Lindley, John. Pomologia Britannica; or Figures and descriptions of the most important varieties of fruit cultivated in Great Britain. dy. 1841. THE LIBRARY. 3939 Linneus, Carlvon. Flora Lapponica, exhibens plantas per Lapponiam crescentes. 1737. Low. David. Breedsof the domestic animals of the British Islands. 2v.in1. 1842. Lucas, Pierre Hippolyte. Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l’expé- dition dans les parties centrales de 1. Amérique du Sud... . exécutée... sous la direction du comte de Castelnau. Entomologie. 1857. Mawson, Thomas H. Artand craft of garden making. 1901. Murray, James Augustus Henry, editor. New English dictionary on historical principles. v. 1-5. 1888-1901. Nees von Esenbeck, Christian Gottfried. Das system der pilze und schwaémme. 1816. Oken, Lorenz. Lehrbuch der naturgeschichte. 3 theile. 1813-26. Wanting, theil 2 (Botanik), abt. 1. Patouillard, Narcisse. Tabule analytice fungorum. ser. 1, fasc. 1-5; ser. 2, fasc. 6-7. 1883-89. Pomeroy, John Norton. Treatise on the law of water rights as the same is for- mulated and applied in the Pacific States. 1893. Royal horticultural society, London. A catalogue of the fruits cultivated in the garden of the Horticultural society of London. Ed. 3. 1842. Schiffer, Jakob Christian. Fungorum qui in Bavaria et Palatinatu circa Ratis- bonam nascuntur icones; editio nova commentario aucta a C. H. Persoon. 4v. 1800. Stoll, Casper. Natuurlyke ... gekleurde afbeeldingen en beschryvingen der Cicaden. 1788. Theobald, Frederick Vincent. Monograph of the Culicide or mosquitoes. 3 v. 1901. Villon, A. M., and Guichard, P.,compilers. Dictionnaire de chimie industrielle, contenant les applications de la chimie. fasc. 1-32. [1892-1902.] PERIODICALS. American journal of physiology. v. 1-6. 1898-1902. Annals of philosophy; or, Magazine of chemistry, mineralogy, mechanics, natural history, agriculture, and the arts. v.1-28. 1813-26. (All published.) Beitriige zur wissenschaftlichen botanik. v. 2-4. 1898-1901. (File completed.) Botanisches centralblatt. v. 1-36. 1880-88. (File completed. ) Bulletin zoologique. année 1835. (All published.) Deutsche entomologische zeitschrift. v. 1-13. 1884-99. Edwards’s botanical register. v. 1-33. 1815-47. (AII published.) Flora; oder, Allgemeine botanische zeitung. v. 1-85. 1818-98. (File completed.) Jahrbuch der naturgeschichte. yv.1. 1802. (AIl published.) Journal de botanique. v.1. 1808-[09]. (All published. ) Liége (Belgium), Société royale des sciences de. Mémoires. y. 1-16. 1843-61. Lindenia, iconographie des orchidées. v. 1-16. 1885-1900. Linnea, ein journal fiir die botanik in ihrem ganzen umfange. vy. 1-48. 1826-82. (All published. ) Revue de Vhorticulture belge et étrangére. v. 11-27. 1885-1901. (File com- pleted. ) Revue de viticulture, organe de l’agriculture des régions viticoles. v.4-14. 1895- 1900. (File completed.) Revue entomologique, publiée par Gustave Silbermann. 5 y. 1833-37. (All published. ) Sociedade Broteriana. Boletim. v. 1-13. 1883-96. (File completed.) Zeitschrift fiir physiologische chemie. vy. 1-5. 1877-81. Sach- und namen- register zu band 1-4. 1881. (File completed.) Zeitschrift fiir veterinirkunde. v. 1-10; v. 12, no. 11. 1889-1900. (File com- pleted. ) “ha Fy » , y REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS, Washington, D. C., September 20, 1902. Str: I have the honor to present herewith the report of the Office of Experiment Stations for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1902. Respectfully, A. C. TRUE, Director. Hon. JAMES WILSON, Secretary. WORK OF THE YEAR, WITH RECOMMENDATIONS. DIVISION AND DEVELOPMENT OF WORK OF OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. The functions of the Office of Experiment Stations have been enlarged in several directions during the past year and the enter- prises previously in its charge have become more extensive. Especial efforts have been made to aid the movement for the strengthening of agricultural education and research through the more definite formu- lation of agricultural science and the more thorough training of agri- eultural experts. For this purpose the work of this Office, in connec- tion with the Graduate School of Agriculture, as described elsewhere in this report, has proved to be unusually successful and effective. Attempts have also been made to call the attention of the agricultural publie and the managers of educational systems to the great desira- bility of making agricultural subjects a part of the curriculum of sec- ondary and elementar y schools. The development of the farmers’ institutes as effective agencies for the dissemination of the results of the work of this Department and the experiment stations has also engaged our attention. The agricultural experiment stations under the direct management of this Office in Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico have been put upon a firm basis, and much progress has been made in developing useful lines of work in these regions. The Office has been brought into closer relations with the institutions for agri- cultural research in foreign countries through work involved in the preparation of a bulletin setting forth the organization, resources, and lines of work of these institutions. By this means our know ledge of these foreign institutions has been greatly broadened, and it will be more feasible hereafter to secure definite information regarding their work which will be useful to similar institutions in this country. Both the legal and engineering features of the irrigation investigations AGR 1902-——16 241 249 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. have been enlarged, and a beginning has been made of investigations in other lines of agricultural engineering which have hitherto been neglected by this Department. Improvements have been made in the apparatus and methods for nutrition investigations. The results of these investigations have been more effectively brought to the atten- tion of teachers of physiology and domestic science, and beginnings have been made of what it is hoped may develop into a systematic study of dietaries in public institutions. The amount of material prepared for publication during the year has been greater than in any previous year. Special efforts have been made to publish this material in forms which will contribute to its effective and economical distribution. The Office has continued to perform considerable labor in connection with expositions, and has in prospect the continuance of such work in connection with the St. Louis Exposition. The performance of duties growing out of the relations of the Department with the Civil Service Commission has also involved considerable work. With the constant and rapid growth of the system of agricultural education and research in this and other countries the general business of the Office in its relations with outside institutions is necessarily enlarged from year to year. To meet the growing demands on the Office in different directions, I recommend that the appropriation for the maintenance of this Office for the fiscal year 1904 be increased to $40,000. In order to make the organization of the Office conform more closely to that of other branches of the Department having complex functions, as well as to more definitely recognize its rank as equal to that of a bureau, some changes have, by direction of the Secretary, been made in the plan of organization previously followed. At present the divi- sion and assignment of the work of the Office are as follows: (1) Rela- tions with American and foreign institutions for agricultural educa- tion and research, including the supervision of the expenditures of the agricultural experiment stations in the United States, in the immediate charge of the Director. (2) The Experiment Station Record, in charge of the Assistant Director, Dr. E. W. Allen. (3) Editorial division, Mr. W. H. Beal, chief. This division has in charge the editing of the technical and popular publications of the Office other than the Experiment Station Record. (4) Division of insular experi- ment stations, Dr. Walter H. Evans, chief. This division is charged with the general business relating to the following experiment sta- tions: (a) Alaska agricultural experiment stations, in charge of Prof. C. C. Georgeson, with headquarters at Sitka; (6) Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station, in charge of Mr. Jared G. Smith, with head- quarters at Honolulu; (c) Porto Rico Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion, in charge of Mr. Frank D. Gardner, with headquarters at Mayaguez. (5) Nutrition investigations, Prof. W. O. Atwater, chief, with headquarters at Middletown, Conn. (6) Irrigation investiga- tions, Prof. Elwood Mead, chief, and Mr. C. T. Johnston, assistant chief. The position of chief clerk of this Office has been created and is filled by Mrs. C. E. Johnston. RELATIONS WITH AMERICAN AND FOREIGN INSTITUTIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH. The general features of the work of the Office involved in its rela- tions with American and foreign institutions for agricultural educa- OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 243 tion and research, in immediate charge of the Director, have remained essentially as heretofore and may be conveniently described under the following heads: (a) Agricultural experiment stations in the United States; (b) American institutions for agricultural education; (c) Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations; and, (d) foreign institutions for agricultural education and research. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. ADVISORY RELATIONS WITH THE STATIONS. The advice and assistance of this Office in many matters relating to the organization, equipment, and work of the stations continue to be sought in a large measure. In particular the personal conferences between station officers and representatives of this Office have increased in number and importance. This has enabled the Office to get a more thorough understanding of the problems of station work and to bring its influence more directly to bear on the development of the station enterprise. The feature of the progress of agricultural institutions in this country which has attracted most attention during the past year is the rapid inerease in the public interest in these institutions. This is shown in the increase in the number of students in the agricultural colleges and schools, in the larger attendance at the farmers’ insti- tutes, in the enlarged correspondence and mailing lists of the stations, in the increased demand for trained workers in agricultural and other business enterprises requiring scientific and expert knowledge and skill for their most successful management, and in the wider space given to agrieultural education and research in agricultural and other journals. . So rapidly has the demand for the services of agricultural experts spread in different directions that the workers in this service have in many instances been overworked, or at least have been forced to dis- sipate their energies in attempts to cover too many fields. There is therefore a most urgent necessity that the number of workers in our agricultural institutions should be increased so as to permit proper specialization of work. The station investigators must be relieved of teaching, lecturing at farmers’ institutes, and other services which, while important in themselves, distract their attention, dissipate their energies, and seriously hinder the progress of effective investigations. It will be of little use to construct expensive laboratories and equip them with elaborate apparatus unless they are manned with first-class investigators. There is nothing new in this proposition, but the progress of agricultural institutions in this country in recent years makes it imperative that the work of the experiment stations and of this Department as the source of new knowledge on agricultural prob- lems should be raised to the highest grade and kept there. The wider the work of the agricultural colleges, schools, farmers’ institutes, and other agencies for the education of our rural population becomes, the more important is it that the institutions of research in agriculture should be the best that human wisdom can devise. It is now neces- sary to insist on this more strongly than ever before, and it will be necessary to reiterate it until the managers of agricultural institutions and the friends of agricultural progress accept this principle in prac- tice as well as in theory. Under present conditions a large number 244. DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. of the experiment-station workers are attempting too many different kinds of work, and the progress of the stations is seriously hindered from this cause. One result of the lack of a sufficient number of well-trained and experienced workers in our agricultural institutions is that the best men are constantly being shifted from one institution to another, or are departing to outside enterprises offering larger salaries and other attractions. The past year has witnessed an ‘unusually large num- ber of such changes in the personnel of the experiment stations. This is a very serious ‘natter, since the time element in the conduct of agri- cultural investigations is an important one. Until the tenure of office in our stations is much more stable than at present, we must expect that there will be much waste of work and funds in incomplete investiga- tions due ta the frequent shifting of the officers in charge. There is also need of increased funds for the general expenses con- nected with agricultural investigations. This is well stated in a recent editorial by Dr. Allen in the Experiment Station Record, as follows: The demands made upon the station for its services in a variety of directions have necessitated broadening and extending its work, until in many States it has reached the extreme limit which the present funds will allow. In nota few cases we have more departments than there are funds for, so that a part of them are stifled and held down to the sheerest necessities. Moreover, the character of the work of the stations is gradually undergoing a change. The simpler and more superficial problems in many lines of agriculture have been solved to a large extent, and demonstrated beyond doubt. The more complex and intricate investigations, involving deeper and more time consuming research, will be the field more largely occupied by the leading stations in the future. Some have already entered it, and others are being stimulated and led on by their example. This means a more specialized station staff, assigned primarily to station work. There is a gradual tendency in that direction, and any movement in the direction of increasing the duties of station workers in elementary instruction is unmistakably to be regarded asa retrograde movement. These conditions, as well as the more expensive plants of the stations, call for larger means for general maintenance; and this need is becoming imperative if the stations are to continue to advance in accordance with the demands which their popularity has brought about. Fortunately, progress is being made in that direction, and State appropriations for special lines of investigations are increas- ing every year. Progress has been made during the past year in the differentiation of the equipment and work of the experiment stations as distinct departments of the agricultural colleges, and the movement for the separation of the office of director of the station from that of president of the college or university is continuing. In only nine States and Territories does the college president now perform the functions of director of the experiment station. It is very clear that farmers in different parts of the country are coming to understand the importance of the work of the stations, and are recognizing the practical value of the results of this work by mak- ing actual use of them on their farms. There is also an encouraging understanding of the necessary limitations of station work. Intelli- gent farmers are coming to see that, while the stations may be of great assistance in the improvement of farm practice, the final result will not be to make farming a more simple business. see Plant onchus hive Grasses and forage plants for alkali soils. Chemistry es eo Sugar-beet investigations. @heniistryeen eee Available plant food in soils. Experiment Stations---.--- Irrigation investigations. The Division of Entomology cooperates with the stations generally in a number of different ways, including the frequent identification of material, studies of life histories of insects, and the means for their control. Among the special lines of cooperative effort during the past year have been those relating to the introduction of beneficial foreign insects, the South African grasshopper disease fungus, the Mexican cotton-boll weevil, the codling moth, insects injurious to forest trees, and the relation of insects to the health of man. EXPERIMENT STATION EXHIBITS AT EXPOSITIONS. The experiment station exhibit made at the Buffalo Pan-American Exposition of 1901 was transferred to the South Carolina Interstate and West Indian Exposition, at Charleston, S. C., in the fall of that year, and at the close of that exposition was returned to Washington. The Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations, at its convention in W. ashington in 1901, voted in favor of an exhibit showing the progress of agricultural education and research at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis in 1904, and a com- mittee, of which the Director of this Office is a member, was appointed to have charge of this exhibit. If this plan is carried out considerable work in connection with the exhibit will doubtless be imposed on this OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 951 Office, thus continuing exposition work as a somewhat regular fune- tion of the Office, for which provision has to be made. AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. GRADUATE SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE. A new enterprise in agricultural education has been inaugurated by the establishment of the Graduate School of Agriculture, which held a four weeks’ session during the month of July, 1902, at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. The plan for this school was originated by Prof. Thomas F. Hunt, dean of the College of Agriculture and Domestic Science of the Ohio State University, the purpose being to establish a school for advanced students of agriculture at which lead- ing teachers and investigators of the agricultural colleges and experi- ment stations and of this Department should present in some regular way summaries of the recent progress of agricultural science, illus- trate improved methods of teaching agricultural subjects, and afford a somewhat extended opportunity for the discussion of live topics drawn from the rapidly advancing science of agriculture. This idea received the cordial approval of President Thompson, of the Ohio State University, and on the recommendations of these two men the board of trustees of the university voted to establish such a school and generously made provision for the financial support of its first session. The Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations at its convention in 1901 favored the plan for the school and voted that, if the success of the first session seemed to justify its con- tinuance, it be made a cooperative enterprise under the control of the association. The Secretary of Agriculture also expressed his cordial approval of this movement, and, on his advice, the Director of the Office of Experiment Stations consented to act as dean, and other officers of the Department of Agriculture to be members of its faculty. Under these favorable auspices, there was little difficulty in securing a strong faculty. As actually organized, this included 35 men, of whom 26 are professors in agricultural colleges, 7 are leading officers of the Department of Agriculture, and 2 are officers of the New York State Experiment Station. Courses were offered in agronomy, z0o- techny, dairying, and breeding of plants and animals. The school was housed in the substantial and well-equipped agricultural build- ing of the university, where were illustrated the most improved appa- ratus for instruction in soil physics, dairying, and other agricultural subjects. Besides the live stock of the university farm, leading breeders of Ohio furnished choice animals for the stock-judging exercises. General problems of agricultural science and pedagogy were dis- cussed at the inaugural exercises and at Saturday morning confer- ences. Among the topics thus treated were the history of agricultural education and research in the United States; the organization of agricultural education in colleges, secondary schools, nature-study courses, correspondence courses, farmers’ institutes, and various forms of university extension; what constitutes a science of agricul- ture; methods and values of cooperative experiments. Through social assemblies, visits to typical Ohio farms, and much informal discussion wherever the students met each other, the educational influences of the school were greatly extended. Seventy-five students were in attendance. These were drawn from 28 States and Territories, includ- 952 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. ing such widely-separated regions as Maine, Oregon, California, New Mexico, and Alabama. There was one student from Canada and one from Argentina. There was also one woman, and the colored race was represented by teachers from the Tuskegee Institute and the agri- eultural college at Greensboro, N. C. Twenty-seven of the students are professors or assistant professors of agriculture in agricultural colleges, 31 are assistants in the agricultural colleges and experiment stations, 9 are recent college oraduates, and 8 are engaged in farming. Considering the character ‘of the faculty and students, it goes with- out saying that the whole period of the session was occupied with the most earnest and profitable work. Without doubt, the influence of this school will be felt throughout the country in the improvement of courses of instruction in agriculture and the strengtheniug of the lines and methods of investigation of agricultural subjects. In other ways the school will exert a beneficial “influence. So rapid has been the accumulation of materials for a real science of agriculture during the past few years that even professional students of agriculture have not realized how large a mass of knowledge is already available for molding into a systematic body of truth which may be utilized for pedagogic purposes, as well as for inductions of scientific and practical value. The summaries given by the experts gathered at this graduate school have emphasized this fact and shown in a striking manner that agricultural education and research may now be properly and efficiently organized with reference to the science of agriculture itself, rather than be, as heretofore, very largely a matter of the sciences related to agriculture. This will serve to stimulate greatly the movement already begun for the reduction of the materials of agricultural science to ‘ ‘pedagogic form” for use in colleges and secondary schools, and for the reorganization of agricultural institutions of research on the basis of the divisions and subdivisions of agriculture, instead of physics, chemistry, botany, and other primary and secondary sciences. The day will thus be hastened when the science of agriculture will rank with such tertiary sciences as geology, geography, and medicine as one of the great systems of knowledge of direct benefit to mankind. We are, without doubt, in this country just on the edge of a great popular movement for the improvement of the conditions of rural life through the improvement of the rural schools. As one phase of this movement, there will come the broadening of the instruction in the principles of agriculture, so that in addition to college courses we shall have secondary courses in ordinary and special high schools and even some elementary instruction in the common schools. In establishing the lines and methods of secondary and elementary instruction in agriculture so that it may be useful and attractive to the masses of our rural youth, the leaders in agricultural science gathered in the Graduate School of Agriculture “his summer will play an important part, and it is believed. that they have gone out from this school with much inspiration to renewed efforts in this direction. For both the thorough establishment of the science of agriculture and the wide popularization of this science, the new school will, it is believed, be an efficient agency. It is to be hoped, therefore, either that some other university will open its doors for a second session of the school another year, or that the Association of Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations will assume this burden, or that through the cooperation of the associa- tion with universities and the Department of Agriculture the Gradu- ate School of Agriculture may become a permanent institution. OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. PAS THE COLLEGES. Several of the colleges have made real progress during the past year in strengthening and broadening their courses in agriculture. Atthe University of Illinois the college of agriculture now includes depart- ments of agronomy, animal husbandry, dairy husbandry, horticulture, household science, and veterinary science, each offering in addition to the subjects required for graduation a number of elective subjects along special lines, such as farm machinery, drainage, soil bacteri- ology, the principles and practice of breeding, the standardizing of milk and cream, ete. The Michigan Agricultural College has added a five-year course in agriculture, which provides for advanced work in dairying, soil physics, and animal husbandry without raising the entrance requirements. The State College of Colorado has added another year to its agricultural course and offers special work relating to agriculture in arid regions. Minnesota has added a new line of work—instruction and laboratory work in cutting and curing meat. Kansas has raised dairying to the dignity of adepartment. California has established a dairy school in connection with the college of agricul- ture. Several of the institutions named and also a number of others have added to theirstaffs specialists in charge of agronomy, animal hus- bandry, and other branches of the general subject of agriculture, while not a few of them have added to the number of short or special courses in agriculture. The committee on methods of teaching agriculture of the Associa- tion of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations, of which the Director of this Office is chairman, has presented a prelim- inary report on methods and facilities for teaching agronomy. Mate- rial is now in hand for a somewhat comprehensive illustrated report on this subject from a number of colleges which have differentiated agronomy from the general subject of agriculture. College extension work is more and more demanding recognition as a legitimate function of the agricultural college. At Cornell Univer- sity, Pennsylvania State College, and a number of other institutions this work is accomplished largely through the agency of reading courses and correspondence courses. Other colleges are publishing popular bulletins, press bulletins, and leaflets, while a constantly increasing number are reaching their constituents by means of period-. icals edited and published by the college officials either with or with- out the cooperation of the students. Such periodicals are published at the agricultural colleges in Colorado, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio, and Washington. Statistics of attendance at the land-grant colleges for the year 1901 show that over 42,000 students were enrolled. This was an increase of nearly 7 per cent over the attendance for the previous year. The total attendance upon four-year courses in agriculture (including dairying) increased more than 26 per cent. The number of students in special courses has fallen off relatively, indicating a growing recog- nition of the greater value of the full collegiate course in agriculture as compared with specialization along narrow lines in undergraduate work. Last year attention was called to the fact that State legislatures had provided liberally for maintenance and new buildings at the agricul- tural colleges, and special appropriations aggregating $1,232,000 were mentioned. During the year many of the buildings thus provided for have been or are now being constructed, notably a central building 254 - DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. for the Wisconsin College of Agriculture to cost $150,000; a $60,000 agricultural building at Purdue University; a $50,000 agricultural hall at the Oregon State Agricultural College; a $30,000 agricultural build- ing at the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts; new barns, a new science building, and an addition to the mechanical building, costing in the aggregate $50,000, at the North Dakota Agri- cultural College; a $40,000 building for the department of irrigation engineering and the experiment station of the Colorado Agricultural College; two $25,000 buildings—one for chemistry and one for veter- inary science—at the College of Agriculture of the University of Minnesota; three buildings—for animal industry, dairying, and hor- ticulture—at the Missouri Agricultural College; a large building containing offices, lecture rooms, and library, and a new barn at the Oklahoma Agricultural College; and a chemistry building at the Kansas Agricultural College. Appropriations fully as liberal as these have been made for the cur- rent year in States where legislative sessions were held during the past winter. The general assembly of Iowa has given the Agricul- tural College at Ames a one-fifth mill tax to run for five years, which is expected to realize about $600,000. This money is to be used for the erection of buildings. An additional appropriation of $125,000 was made for the biennial period—$35,000 annually for general main- tenance, $10,000 annually for the experiment station, $5,000 for live stock, $35,000 to begin the erection of the main central building to take the place of the building destroyed by fire, and $5,000 to begin the erection of a barn for the station to replace the one destroyed by fire. Both Iowa and South Dakota have made important additions to their herds of pure-bred cattle. The Mississippi Agricultural College has the most liberal appropria- tion in its history, including provision for a new building for agricul- ture and horticulture, scientific departments, library, and museum, $40,000; infirmary building, $10,000; additional equipment for textile school, $13,000; additional equipment for mechanic arts department, $8,300; enlarging capacity of mechanic arts building, $5,000; farmers’ institutes for 1902-1903, $6,000; anda branch experiment station at MeNeill, $13,000 for the biennial period. Maryland has $25,000 for a new dormitory building and $8,000 for the enlarging and repairing of old buildings. Massachusetts Agri- cultural College has $35,000 for a central lighting and heating plant and $35,000 for a boarding house. The Michigan Agricultural Col- lege is erecting a bacteriological laboratory and a stable which will cost about $23,600, and has drawn plans for a new engineering build- ing, a central heating plant, and an addition to the armory and gym- nasium. Florida is to have a new science building to cost about $45,000; Clemson College, South Carolina, a new dormitory; Texas, a veterinary and chemical laboratory; Utah has completed new barns costing $12,000, and in New York the law appropriating $35,000 for Cornell University extension work has been reenacted. Louisiana University is also liberally provided for, though not entirely from State funds. Congress, by a recent act, has ceded to the university the tract of land embracing approximately 150 aeres, together with the buildings, which it has occupied subject to the needs of the United States for military purposes. The tract was originally a military fort, and some years ago was turned over to the State for the use of the university until such time as it might be needed for purposes of defense. Mr. John Hill, a prominent sugar planter near OFEICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 255 Baton Rouge, has given $32,000 to the university for the erection of a fireproof library building as a memorial to his son. The State legis- lature at its recent session appropriated $47,000 for the erection of a dormitory and a building for the mechanic arts department, and $8,500 for furnishing the library building mentioned above. The usual appropriation of $15,000 for the experiment stations was made, and the appropriation for the State geological survey, which is under the charge of the director of the stations, was increased to $2,500 a year for two years. Pennsylvania State College is also fortunate in receiving several large gifts, as follows: By Andrew Carnegie, $100,000 for a library building; by Mr. and Mrs. Charles M. Schwab, $60,000 for an assem- bly hall, and by James Gilbert White, class of *82, $10,000 for a graduate fellowship and $10,000 additional for three undergraduate scholarships. The Virginia Polytechnic Institute has added a new science build- ing to its equipment which provides for the departments of general and analytical chemistry, biology, mineralogy and geology, and physics. The number of large appropriations for agricultural buildings, in which provision will be made for instruction in the subdivisions of the science of agriculture, indicates quite clearly a growing tendency not only to recognize the importance of instruction in agriculture, but also to recognize agriculture as a science. The financial and statistical reports of the colleges receiving appro- priations under the act of August 30, 1890, which in accordance with the law are regularly forwarded to the Secretary of Agriculture, have, as hitherto, been deposited in this Office. On the basis of these reports and replies to special circulars of inquiry, this Office has published statistics relating tothe agricultural colleges for the year ended June 30, 1901. Reports for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1902, have now been received. SECONDARY AND ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS. Institutions for secondary and elementary instruction in agriculture are becoming more numerous. Schools of this class already estab- lished have been continued, new schools are being established, and courses of instruction in agriculture, nature study, and gardening are being introduced into existing public and private schools. In Cali- fornia $50,000 has been appropriated by the State legislature for the establishment of the California Polytechnic School, which has been located on a tract of 280 acres at San Luis Obispo. For the present attention will be confined to instruction in agriculture. Another new agricultural school of high-school grade is the Winona Agri- cultural and Technical Institute at Winona Lake, Ind., which will be opened for students this fall. The Hartford (Conn.) School of Horti- culture is a new institution which has this year given instruction and practical work in gardening to over 160 grammar-school children at Hartford. On an adjoining farm is the Watkinson Farm School, where 20 to 30 boys find a home and instruction in agriculture. At Lowthorpe, Groton, Mass., a School of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening for Women has been opened. The two county agricultural schools provided for by the Wisconsin legislature in 1901 have been organized and will be opened this fall. At Springfield, Mass., The Home Correspondence School has been organized, with the professor 256 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. of agriculture of the Massachusetts Agricultural College in charge of agricultural instruction. The Briarcliff School of Practical Agricul- ture and Horticulture has outgrown its present quarters and secured 415 acres of land near Poughkeepsie, to which it will be moved next year. Instruction in agriculture has been made the basis of the course of study at the Thompsons Island Farm School, Boston, and has been introduced into the George School, near Newtown, Pa. In the three State normal schools of Missouri, during the past year, instruction in agriculture was given to 369 young men and women who will go out into the State as teachers in the public schcols. In this connection it . is worthy of note that a number of normal schools in different parts of the country now require their students to devote a part of their time to nature study and garden work as a preparation for their work in public schools, and in Wisconsin every teachers’ examination now includes a set of questions on agriculture. The Minnesota movement for the introduction of agriculture into the rural schools has been placed in charge of the professor of agri- culture of the university, who has prepared a 200-page bound bulle- tin outlining exercises to be used by the teachers in the rural schools. The subjects treated in this bulletin include agriculture, horticulture, cooking, sewing, housekeeping, laundering, agricultural chemistry, domestic animals, dairying, and other subjects. The superintendent of Indian schools, Miss Estelle Reel, of the Department of the Interior, has outlined a course of study for Indian schools, with the approval of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and the Commissioner of Education, in which the teaching of the theory and practice of agriculture is provided for in all the grades. The civil-service examination for teachers of agriculture for the Indian service has been changed so as to include tests of the candidates’ knowledge of the science as well as the practice of agriculture. Marked progress has been made in the movement for the consolida- tion of rural schools which has already resulted in improved condi- tions in the schools of Ohio, Massachusetts, Iowa, and other States. Along with this movement there is considerable agitation for the introduction of agriculture wherever the employment of additional teachers makes it possible to broaden the courses of study. An arti- cle on ‘‘Some problems of the rural common school” was prepared by the Director of this Office and published in the Yearbook of the Department for 1901. Among the drawbacks to the successful intro- duction of agriculture into these schools are lack of well-trained teachers and “of suitable text-books. There is also a great deal of uncertainty about what should be included under the title “An ele- mentary course in agriculture.” To the study and solution of this problem this Department might well devote some attention. Another closely allied movement at present manifest principally in the city schools is the school garden movement—the introduction of garden work with fiowers and vegetables into the graded schools as a weekly or semiweekly exercise. Wherever work of this kind has been tried under proper supervision it has aroused considerable inter- est on the part of the students, has furnished excellent material for nature study work, and has correlated well with the other studies in the curriculum. This Department could promote the school garden movement by the distribution of flower and vegetable seeds and shrubs, and by the preparation and distribution of publications giv- ing directions for the laying out and planting of such gardens, and for the care of the plants grown from the seeds sent out by the Department. OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 257 FARMERS’ INSTITUTES. In my. last annual report I recommended that an appropriation of $5,000 be asked for to enable this Office to undertake the work con- nected with the promotion of the farmers’ institute system in this eountry. The appropriation was to be used in employing an officer who would devote his time and energy to this work, visit institute workers and advise them regarding the ways in which the Depart- ment might help the institutes, study the problems of institute man- agement at home and abroad, and seek to shape the Department’s work for the institutes so that it might be most helpful to this enter- prise. As the matter was finally fixed in the appropriation act, only about $2,000 of the income of this Office for the current fiscal year ean be used for this purpose. This is entirely inadequate for the work planned, but will be used in gathering statistics of the institute movement and in employing, during a part of the year, an officer who will be retained as the farmers’ institute specialist of this Office, if Congress shall provide sufficient means for continuing the work. At the seventh annual meeting of the American Association of Farmers’ Institute Workers, held in this city June 24-26, the plans of this Office for aiding the farmers’ institute movement were explained to the members and their hearty approval of the scheme was expressed by the unanimous adoption of the following resolution: Resolved, That the American Association of Farmers’ Institute Workers cor- dially and most heartily approve the action that has been initiated by the Secretary of Agriculture in the matter of closer communication between the Department and the farmers’ institutes, with the hope that an agent will be appointed as sug- gested in Dr. True’s paper. Farmers’ institutes are now held in 44 States and Territories, includ- ing Hawaii. Nearly complete returns from 40 States and Territories show that in the areas reported about 2,300 institutes are held annu- ally; that the funds expended by the different States and Territories in support of these institutes (not including expenses incurred by local authorities) amount to about $196,000 per annum, and that about 709,000 people attend the institutes. The number of students taking the agricultural course at the agricultural colleges in these same States and Territories during the year ended June 30, 1901, was 9,623, inelud- ing those who are recorded as attending courses in household econ- omy, dairying, and veterinary science. The total number of persons reached by the farmers’ institutes and the agricultural colleges (about 720,000) is, however, only a small per- centage (7.2 per cent) of those actually engaged in agricultural pur- suits (about 10,000,000). The publications of the experiment stations are sent to about 500,000 farmers. ———19 290 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. beginning has already been made in this direction, but there is still room for a large amount of investigation before definite suggestions of general application can be made. The providing of the proper diet for prisoners and inmates of insane asylums and other institutions has long received attention, although its systematic study is comparatively recent. Some years ago special investigations of the diet of the insane were undertaken in Russia. Some work was also carried on in Germany. Special interest attaches to the recently published report of the diet of pauper lunatics in asy- lums and lunaties of poorhouses in Scotland, which gives the details of investigations carried on under Government authority. Perhaps the most important and extended investigation of this nature is that recently conducted in the hospitals for the insane in the State of New York, in which the special agent in charge of our investigations has already made some studies under State auspices. The annual cost of the food supply to these hospitals has been over $1,000,000. The investigations already made show that not only may the total cost be considerably reduced and large wastes prevented, but that the dieta- ries of the inmates of these institutions may be much improved by attention to the facts and principles established by nutrition investi- gations. These investigations have also shown the need for more accurate inquiries regarding the food requirements of different classes of persons in these institutions. In the State of New York alone not far from 100,000 people of the dependent and delinquent classes are maintained in public institutions at an annual expense of $26,000,000, of which about $6,000,000 is expended for food. This will give some indication of the vast interests at stake in this matter when we take the whole country into account. Certainly here is a field of investi- gation upon which the Department might well enter, and in which results of great practical value might be expected. In early times the idea was prevalent that the diet of prisoners and other delinquent classes should be so poor and inadequate that it con- stituted a punitive measure. This is now recognized as wrong, and most civilized nations endeavor to feed such persons adequately. The food requirements obviously vary with the amount of work performed, and in most cases it is essential that the cost of the food be moderate. Food investigations are required in prisons and other institutions in order that satisfactory dietary standards may be formulated, and also to compare the rations actually fed with proposed standards. The importance of such studies has been often recognized in the past; for instance, under the authority of the institutions’ commissioner in Boston, Mass., dietary investigations were carried on in a number of reformatories, etc., in that city. Studies have also been made at the reformatory at Elmira, N. Y.,some of which had the special object of determining whether it was possible to favorably affect the moral wel- fare of inmates through their diet. Under special government authority the diet in Scotch prisons has been recently studied, and mention may also be made of recent work of a similar nature in Berlin. In many eases 1t has been found that it is possible to furnish a more satisfactory diet and at the same time diminish the cost. Nutrition investigations have also been made in almshouses, orphan asylums, and similar charitable institutions in times past in this and other countries, Germany having taken the lead. The importance of providing a proper diet for inmates of such institutions has received government recognition in Great Britain, and investigations bearing OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 291 on the subject have been undertaken there. An adequate diet should unquestionably be supplied to all who are dependent on charity of this sort. The numerous studies which have been made show that with proper care good food may be provided at a reasonable cost. While the diet in many institutions is undoubtedly satisfactory as regards kind and cost, it is not too much to say that in very many others dietary studies would show the possibility of diminishing the cost and at the same time improving the quality. The increase in comfort and the saving of public money in this way seems worthy of all possible effort. In previous reports I have called attention to the fact that investi- gations were needed to determine the food habits and requirements of residents of tropical countries. This matter is becoming of increas- ing importance, owing to the continuance of soldiers, sailors, and civil officers of the United States in such regions. This, and the fact that large numbers of our people are called to tropical regions by our rapidly extending commerce, would seem to justify the institution of investigations to determine the most suitable diet under the new cli- matic conditions. It is well known that a suitable diet is a matter which has a great effect upon the maintenance of good health of old residents in tropical countries, and is even more important for recent arrivals. The United States Army has devoted considerable atten- tion to this subject, as have also German, British, and other European investigators, generally under the auspices of the army or navy of their respective Governments. The lack of agreement regarding the diet best suited to residents of the Tropics shows that more extended investigations are required. The economic feeding of troops and other residents in tropical regions obviously depends in some measure upon the utilization of local food products. Many of these products are comparatively unknown outside the Tropics, and their food value has never been studied. This lack of information should be remedied by comparative tests of the nutritive value of these little-known food materials. Fur- thermore, we need to study the dietaries of the native populations who have recently come under the jurisdiction of the United States, with a view to determining the relation of their food habits to their health and industrial efficiency. Such investigations may easily become an important factor in the agriculture, trade, and commerce of these regions, as well as in the formulation of plans for the improvement of the conditions of life among these people. In order to extend the nutrition investigations by carrying on dietary studies in public institutions and among the rural population in different parts of the country, and studies of the food requirements of persons residing in the Tropies, I recommend that $10,000 be added to the appropriation for nutrition investigations for the fiscal year 1904. IRRIGATION INVESTIGATIONS. The extent of irrigation in the United States and the agricultural wealth and population of the arid region must in the end be limited * by the economy and skill with which farmers use water, while its suc- cess will in large measure be determined by the efficiency and justice with which streams are administered and the rights to their water established and protected. The irrigation investigations of the Department of Agriculture have for their fundamental purpose the betterment of conditions along both these lines. The work is directed - 292 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. toward helping farmers solve the problems already created, and lay- ing an adequate foundation for the adjustment of the conflicting interests growing out of claims to flowing water which future devel- opment will inevitably create. While the questions dealt with have a vital interest and importance to each individual user of water and to investors in irrigation prop- erty, it is also beginning to be realized that they have a larger signifi- cance and that their study is required in order to rightly deal with questions which are of both National and international importance. The manner in which water is used in irrigation is destined to have a commanding influence over the social and industrial institutions of one-third of the United States. Not only the agricultural interests, but all other industrial interests of this vast region will be largely influenced in growth and prosperity by a wise settlement of the irri- gation questions which this Office is now studying. Two causes have operated to create an increased interest in the work being done and to augment the requests for information and advice. One was the drought which prevailed throughout the Middle West in 1901 and which brought to the attention of the farmers of that region the advantages that would accrue from being able to apply moisture at the time when most needed. The other is the desire of the arid States for the creation of conditions which will make it possible to fully develop the water supply and apply it to beneficial uses, and which will at the same time protect all existing rights to water so far as they are based on beneficial use, whether they are the result of the ownership of riparian lands in some States or of com- pliance with the laws of appropriation in others. The need of a prompt settlement of these questions has been ren- dered more imperative by the legislation of the last Congress, which set aside the proceeds of the sales of public lands for the construc- tion of National irrigation works. The more rapid our development the greater the need of laws and customs under which titles to water shall be stable. To secure these results the nature and extent of water titles should be better understood and more clearly defined than at present. So long as streams furnish more water than irrigators can use, rights to their flow receive little attention; but with the construc- tion of storage works to restrain the floods and the building of more canals than streams can supply, when titles have to be established to both the stored supply and the portion used without storage, when not only the diverse and conflicting interests of individuals and communi- ties have to be reconciled, but the boundary line between the water supplies used in private and public works has to be marked out, the questions of irrigation law and irrigation administration assume an overshadowing importance. It is a source of gratification that the West is clearly awake to its needs in these directions. Active and influential associations for the reform of irrigation laws, of which the California Water and Forest Association is a conspicuous exam- ple, have been formed in California, Utah, Montana, and Arizona, and civic associations having other interests as well are giving much “attention to this subject. THE NEED OF ADDITIONAL FACTS. The first need, in laying the foundation for future development, is for the facts on which it must be based, and it is these facts which this Office is endeavoring to secure through the irrigation investigations. OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 293 Because of the complex issues which have to be dealt with, the pri- mary requisite is capable and experienced men, and the Office has enlisted in its service a number of irrigation engineers and scientists having a National and even an international reputation. The serv- ices of men of this character would have entailed a prohibitory expense had it been necessary to employ them continuously. This has been avoided, however, through cooperation with the State engineers’ offices of the different arid States and with the State agricultural colleges and experiment stations throughout the country. MEASUREMENTS OF THE DUTY OF WATER. At the beginning of the work the duty of water was made a leading subject for investigation, because, in dealing with irrigation from any standpoint (administrative, engineering, or agricultural), the water master, the engineer, or the farmer soon comes to the point where it is necessary to know approximately how much water is needed for an acre of ground. Two States, Nebraska and Wyoming, have already passed laws limiting the quantity of water which may be appropriated for a given area, While ali the other States where irrigation is necessary have laws prohibiting waste and limiting rights to water to the quantity which can be used beneficially. Those charged with the distribution of the water supply must know what is beneficial use and where waste begins. The irrigation engineer needs to know more than the theoretical carrying capacities of ditches of various sizes and grades and the cost of excavation in different materials and of different classes of con- struction. He must know how much land the water carried by his canal will serve. The basis for all the computations of the engineer must be the quantity of water required for an acre planted to the crops which it is proposed to raise. The farmer, at the very beginning of his experience with irrigation, must know how much water he needs and when he needs it. If he builds his own canal, he must know how large to make it; if he buys water from a large canal, he must know how much to buy. Building too large a canal or paying for more water than he needs is throwing money away, while farming with too little water is equally disastrous. The tendency of farmers seems to be to use all the water that can be obtained, often to the injury of their crops and lands. Such farmers need to be shown the better results obtained by others who use water economically. This Office is how measuring the water used in irrigation in all of the arid States but one, and in a number of the humid States. The results secured in the past three years, while not conclusive, have already done much to educate farmers and ditch managers as to the direction from which improvement of methods and practices must come. It also shows that it is possible to obtain an average duty which will serve as a basis in the establishment of rights, and be a reliable guide for the planning of irrigation works and for the distri- bution of streams between individuals, communities, and even differ- ent States. While there are wide variations between farms and different locali- ties, the averages show a remarkable uniformity. The records shew that nearly one-half of the water diverted from streams is lost through leakage and evaporation in canals. Measured at the head gate, the 294 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. - maturing of cultivated crops has required the diversion of enough water to cover all the land irrigated to a depth of shghtly more than 4 feet. Measured at the margin of fields, the water actually applied has amounted on the average to a little more than a depth of 2 feet. The greatest source of loss, therefore, is through leakage from canals, and while this can not be wholly prevented, it is certain that in time it can be largely reduced whenever the increasing value of water will make it profitable to introduce betterments hitherto not regarded as necessary. These improvements will benefit irrigated agriculture in two direc- tions. The water now lost through leakage from canals returns in many instances to the surface on the lower-lying fields, converting what were formerly productive areas into unsightly swamps and marshes, which, for the time, are practically worthless. It will also make it possible to apply to beneficial use a large percentage of the water supply which is now lost through evaporation from these over- irrigated areas. One of the next steps in irrigation development, therefore, is the better construction and operation of canals, and one of the leading lines of work in these investigations is the measure- ment of losses from seepage and a study of the methods of canal con- struction and operation by which it can be prevented. DRAINAGE SURVEYS AND INVESTIGATIONS. In all of the irrigated countries of Europe, drainage and irrigation go hand in hand, and there is every reason to believe that this will ultimately be the practice of this country. The irrigation code recently formulated by the commission created for that purpose in California has made the same board both a drainage and an irriga- tion commission, and in the irrigation investigations of this Office it has been found desirable to supplement the studies of seepage by kindred studies of the problems of drainage, by which the waters thus lost can be made available and the areas rendered unproductive brought again under cultivation. The drainage problems connected with irrigation differ in some respects from those where the surplus water supply comes from rain- fall. The water which leaks from canals, or sinks into the subsoil from overirrigated fields, when it reappears, comes from below instead of coming from above as in humid districts. In some instances com- plete relief can not be obtained by providing channels for its removal. The water lost from canals must be intercepted before it reaches the surface, and this necessitates different engineering methods from those prevailing in the East. What these methods must be is as yet largely unknown. They can only be determined by careful study. Because Eastern drainage methods will not answer, many of the attempts thus far made have proven failures and have led to the belief that the drainage of irrigated lands is impossible. The lesson of these failures is, however, as valuable as what has been taught by success in other localities, and both are being studied by the agents of this Office. The benefits which are to come from drainage in the older irrigated States, like Colorado and California, are not realized except by a few who are familiar with the extent of the areas rendered unproductive and with the growing encroachment of the surplus water supply on the lands now being cultivated. In response to petitions which embraced practically all of the agricultural and horticultural interests OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 295 of the valley of Kings River in California, one of the most important irrigated sections of the United States, a comprehensive drainage sur- vey has been carried on this year for the relief of the overwatered lands. A large and well equipped party, under the direction of Prof. O. V. P. Stout, agent and expert, has been at work determining the losses from canals and how the surplus supply could be removed in the most effective manner at the least cost. The execution of a plan for a cooperative study of the drainage problems of Colorado, which has been under consideration for several years by Hon. A. J. McCune, State engineer of Colorado, and the chief of the irrigation investigations of this Office, has been begun under the direction of C. G. Elliott, drainage engineer, and the results already secured make it certain that they are to be worth many times their cost in the success of irrigation and the ultimate extent of the reclaimed area. STUDY OF IRRIGATION LAWS. The study of irrigation administration in Utah has been completed, and the report on the irrigation laws and practices of the pioneer Commonwealth of the Rocky Mountain region will be published in the near future. A beginning has been made in the study of the irrigation system of Colorado through the preparation of a report on irrigation in» the valley of the Big Thompson River, made under the direction of the State engineer’s office of Colorado and written by Hon. John E. Field, assistant State engineer. It gives in detail the history of irrigation administr ation on that stream, the manner in which the rights ‘to water were acquired and esta plished, the problems growing out of their protection, the issues which have given rise to litigation, and the nature of the court decisions. The nature of the agriculture and the problems created by its development along this river are typical of all eastern Colorado, and the lessons taught by the detailed facts disclosed by this report will serve to show just what is the strength and weakness of the Colorado system. Another important report on irrigation in Colorado has been pre- pared for this Office by the Hon. J. Sire Greene, ex-State engineer of Colorado. It deals with the water-right contracts of irrigation com- panies, as illustrated by irrigation practice in the valley of the Arkan- sas River in Colorado. An investigation of water rights and the administration of streams has been carried on in Montana under the direction of Prof. 8. Fortier, director of the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station and an irri- gation engineer of extended experience. In this work Professor Fortier has had the assistance of Mr. Arthur P. Stover, of this Office. This report will give the history of irrigation, from its beginning to the present time, in the valley of the Gallatin River and its tributaries in Montana. It will show the results which have been secured, the character of the rights established, the controversies and unsettled issues which have been created, and will aid the people of that State in determining whether or not changes are desirable, and if so, the nature of the reforms to be secured. The legislature of Nevada at its last session made an appropriation for cooperative work between the agricultural experiment station of Nevada and this Office in a study of the irrigation problems of Nevada. Prof. A. E. Chandler, resident agent of the irrigation investigations in Nevada, has been gathering the facts showing the extent of the 296 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. claims and the actual beneficial use of water along the Carson and Walker rivers. At the request of the California Water and Forest Association and of others interested, the chief of the irrigation investigations, Prof. Elwood Mead, has acted as a member of a commission to frame an irrigation code for the State of California, and has also devoted much time to giving advice and assistance to similar movements in other States. The recognition of the value of the work of the Department in pro- moting the enactment of better laws, and the attention paid to its publications and suggestions, has been most gratifying. That it will have an important influence for good on the future industrial life of the arid West can not be doubted. IRRIGATION LAWS AND CUSTOMS OF OTHER COUNTRIES. The first of the studies of irrigation abroad was made by Mr. C. T. Johnston, assistant chief of irrigation investigations, whose report on the irrigation methods and problems of Egypt will soon be published. It compares the conditions of Egypt and those of the arid West, pay- ing special attention to the methods of diverting and using water by irrigators, the duty of water and value of its products. Among the agricultural engineering features of this report will be a description “of the recently completed storage dam at Assouan and some of the large diversion works below. The contrast between one of the oldest irrigation systems in the world and one of the newest is pointed out, and farmers are enabled to determine how far Egyptian experience can be made to apply to this eountry. RICE IRRIGATION. During the present season Mr. Frank Bond, irrigation assistant, has continued his studies of rice irrigation in Louisiana and Texas. These embrace measurements of the water used in irrigation, the cost of lifting it from streams into the canals, tests of the efficiency of pumps, and other practical problems involved in determining how far and by what means this new industry can be most successfully extended. His researches have shown the importance of adequate laws to govern the diversion of streams, both as a protection to the present users of water and as a guide to those proposing to make investments in the future. The scanty rainfall of the present season, together with the rapid expansion of this industry, will make the report of this year’s measurements more than usually instructive. IRRIGATION INVESTIGATIONS IN THE INSULAR POSSESSIONS. An extensive correspondence with parties interested in the recently acquired insular possessions has been carried on, and Mr. Jared G. Smith, special agent in charge of the Hawaii experiment station, has collected a lar ge amount of data on the use of pumps for irr rigation i in the cultivation of Sugar cane in Hawaii, and has submitted | a report for publication. IRRIGATION IN THE HUMID DISTRICTS. The results of irrigation in the humid States for 1901 were most encouraging. In eastern Nebraska, where crops are generally grown by rainfall “alone, the yields of the irrigated fields were more than OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 297 double those of the unirrigated. In Wisconsin the net increase in the value of crops due to irrigation was $20 an acre for hay, $11 an acre for corn, and $73 an acre for potatoes. These were exceptional because of the drought which prevailed, but there is reason to believe that in growing high-priced products, and crops which require a large amount of moisture, irrigation is destined to be very largely employed. WORK OF THE IRRIGATION INVESTIGATIONS FOR 1902 AND 1903. The increased demand for information has furnished conclusive evidence of the value of these investigations, while their efficiency has been promoted by the legislation of Congress last winter, which both broadened their scope and made their aims more definite. The studies of the laws under which rights to water are established and streams are divided have assumed a new importance through the exten- sion of National aid in the construction of irrigation works, and in order to better direct these investigations the arid region has been divided up into three districts. The headquarters of the ‘central distr ict, or the Rocky Mountain region, is at Cheyenne, Wyo., with Mr. C. T. Johnston, assistant chief of irrigation investigations, in charge. The western district will be under the direction of Prof. J. M. Wilson, assistant professor of irrigation engineering, University of California, Berke- ley, Cal. The northern district is under the direction of Prof. 8. Fortier, director of the Montana agricultural experiment station, Bozeman, Mont. This arrangement brings about a somewhat more direct supervision in sections having like climatic conditions, and also enables Prof. Elwood Mead, chief of the investigations, to give more of his time to the broader problems connected with the organi- zation of the irrigation industry, which is necessary to the best and largest use of the great rivers of the West. INTERSTATE WATER RIGHTS. The appropriation for these investigations provides for a report on the laws affecting irrigation and the rights of riparian proprietors. One of the most complex questions connected with these laws is their relation to the use of interstate streams. Where rivers flow through two or more States, different State laws control the same water supply. In some instances these laws conflict, as is the case where the com- mon law doctrine of riparian rights is recognized in one State and the doctrine of appropriation in another State. Neglect to provide by law for an adjustment of these conflicts will inevitably lead to numerous and costly contests in the courts in the near future. Ignor- ing the gravity of these problems will not answer. The policy of doing nothing will not serve. The first essential to a satisfactory settle- ment of these issues is an accurate knowledge of existing conditions. To gather this information is a matter involving care, time, and a considerable outlay. The whole West can not be taken up at once. One stream must be studied at a time. It is desirable, therefore, that the problems first reported upon should be both important and representative. The North Platte River and its tributaries fulfills these conditions and presents both a convenient and an instructive example of the compli- eations growing out of Western civilization. It flows through three States; three codes of water laws affect the use of its waters. In one State the riparian doctrine is recognized; in the other two it has been abrogated. Each State makes claim to all the waters within its bor- 298 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. ders, and each is alike powerless to adjust complications beyond them. A report is to be made on the water laws which control the use of this river. This report will describe how and where water is being used and how this use has changed original conditions. It will explain the nature of the rights to water and the methods employed in their pro- tection. The solution of the issues which will be disclosed belongs to the State legislatures and to Congress, and it will not be the purpose of this investigation to anticipate or influence legislation, except so far as the facts themselves exert such influence. The State authorities of all the States directly concerned have been conferred with and have expressed their desire to have this investiga- tion made and their willingness to cooperate in its prosecution. The open-minded spirit, the desire to have justice done, the anxiety to avert friction and controversy which has been manifested, and the general belief that a full understanding of conditions will preserve rather than injure the rights of present settlers has been a source of much gratification to this Office and promises well for the future of this section. STUDIES OF IRRIGATION IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. The larger problems which will come with the complete use of West- ern streams which National aid to irrigation insures, and the larger measure of public control which this renders inevitable, gives greater value to the lessons of European irrigation. The people « of the West need to know how the older irrigated lands have solved the problems which now confront them. The comparison of the irrigation methods and policies of Egypt with those of this country, contained in the report made by Mr. C. T. Johnston, assistant chief of irrigation investiga- tions, will be followed by similar reports on other countries based ¢ on facts to be gathered during the coming year. RICE IRRIGATION. The investigations of rice irrigation, both along the Gulf coast and the Atlantic seaboard, have shown the need of continuing these studies. There are a number of problems which materially affect the public wel- fare and which require impartial and comprehensive study. Among these is the framing of laws to protect the present users of streams against an increase in use which will exhaust the water supply and jeopardize the suecess of this growing industry. The need of such legislation has been made plain by the events of the present year. In a number of places the rainfall between June and September, 1902, in the rice district of Louisiana and Texas has been little more than that of the arid States during this period, and this light rainfall, together with the rapid increase in the irrigated acreage, caused a heavy drain on the bayous and streams. It resulted in lowering the fresh-water level until the current of these bayous was reversed, and, instead of fresh water flowing into the Gulf, salt water invaded the bayous to the injury of the crop and the damage of some of the pumps. In normal years these results would not have occurred, but they show the danger from permitting an indefinite increase in the number of pumping plants. If dependence is to be had on the natural flow of these streams, it is certain that they will not supply all the pumps which can be erected along their banks nor furnish water for all the land which can be irrigated. Two things seem, therefore, to be needed. One is a protection of prior rights of the earlier water users, and another is the adoption of all the OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 299 agencies which can be employed to conserve the present water sup- ply. During the coming season the investigation will be directed toward collecting facts which will show the sort of legislation needed. They will include collection of data showing how far development can continue without affecting the water supply of present irrigators, the best methods of increasing or reinforcing this supply, the best means of economizing in the use of water, and the methods, if any, by which the ingress of salt water may be prevented. The report on rice irrigation along the Atlantic coast, which forms a part of Bulletin No. 113 of this Office, will be supplemented by fur- ther studies of the economic questions which confront the irrigators of this section. It is believed that pumps can be profitably used for the irrigation of the higher land, and that many of the methods which are now being employed to advantage in Louisiana and Texas can be used here. COOPERATION WITH STATE AGENCIES. The efforts of this Office to promote cooperative arrangements with the agricultural colleges and experiment stations and the State engi- neers’ offices will be continued. In this way the results of widely sep- arated investigations can be brought together and order and system in the cooperative work of State agencies promoted. It also enables this Office to avail itself of the services of highly trained scientists at far less cost than would be required to secure their continuous employ- ment. The work of the Office has also been greatly aided by appro- priations for irrigation made by the State legislatures of Nevada, Idaho, and Montana, by the cooperation and assistance of different railway lines in the West, and by associations for the reform of irrigation laws. ORGANIZATION OF THE FORCE The organization of the foree employed in the irrigation investiga- tions of this Office during 1901 and 1902 is shown in the following table: Names and post-office addresses of experts and State agents of the irrigation investigations. Prof. ELwoop MEAD, Chief of Irrigation Investigations, Washington, D. C. CENTRAL DISTRICT. Clarence T. Johnston, Assistant Chief in Charge, Cheyenne, Wyo. State. State agents and experts. | Post-office. IL. G. Carpenter, director Colorado Agricultural | Fort Collins. Coloradol-2- = '{ Experiment Station. A. J..MeCune, State engineer -----------=_----_-_- Denver. New-Mexicoi----=----- | W. M. Reed! eivil’engineer)-=--- --!-- 22) = Roswell. Mexis [i234 seas ioe | J. C. Nagle, ‘professor of engineering, State Agri- | College Station. | cultural College. Nebraska) === 22225 -455 | O. V. P. Stout, professor of engineering, Univer- | Lincoln. sity of Nebraska. Wiyoming 3.62 o os. B. P. Fleming, ‘Agricultural Experiment Station __| Laramie. Tdahowdseeee = ee see _ J. D. Stannard, assistant in irrigation investiga- | Boise. tions; D. W. Ross, State engineer. A. F. Doremus, State eiiyeabile’s) poe Lee ye ee Salt Lake. E. R. Morgan, agent and expert, irrigation inves- Do. Witah 2 == sas eae ee eee tigations. Frank Adams, assistant in irrigation investiga- Cheyenne, Wyo. tions. a Agent for 1901. 300 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Names and post-office addresses of experts and State agents of the irrigation investigations—Continued. . WESTERN DISTRICT. Prof. James M. Wilson, University of California, Berkeley, Cal. n State. State agents and experts. | Post-office. W. Irving, chief engineer Gage Canal --.--.. ----.- Riverside. Califoriayes.-n2--5-— E. W. Hilgard, director California Agricultural | Berkeley. Experiment Station. | PTV AGI OV ps eee al Woe Code, chief engineer Consolidated Canal at | Mesa. esa. INGvadapeees ste aes A. E. Chandler, professor civil engineering, Uni- | Reno. i versity of Nevada. ; Washington __._____-- O.L. Waller, prelesson of engineering, State Agri- | Pullman. cultural College. NORTHERN DISTRICT. Prof. Samuel Fortier, Director Agricultural Experiment Station, Bozeman, Mont. Montana 22822 eee te cts P. Stover, assistant in irrigation investiga- Bozeman. ions. North Dakota _____--- E. F. Ladd,« professor of chemistry, North Dakota | Fargo. Agricultural College. South Dakota _______- A. B. Crane, professor of engineering, South Da- Brookings. kota Agricultural College. | EASTERN DISTRICT. IWASCOnSIN ers = sees | A.R. Whitson, professor of agricultural physics, | Madison. | _ University. IMSS OI mepes sees | H. J. Waters, director Missouri Agricultural Ex- | Columbia. | _ periment Station. | houisianaeeesss seen Frank Bond, assistant in irrigation investigations, Washington, D. C. New Jersey ----------- E. B. Voorhees, director New Jersey Agricultural | New Brunswick. Experiment Stations.: | a Agent for 1901. DRAINAGE INVESTIGATIONS. C. G. Elliott, Agent and Expert in Charge. PUMPING AND FARM MACHINERY INVESTIGATIONS. L. G. C. Mayer, Agent and Expert in Charge. IRRIGATION PUBLICATIONS. The irrigation publications actually printed during the year included four technical bulletins, two Farmers’ Bulletins, one Yearbook article, an account of irrigation investigations during 1901 for the report of the Director of this Office, and an article on the scope and purpose of the irrigation investigations of the Office for the Annual Report of the Office for 1901. In addition to these there were prepared for publication three technical bulletins. The bulletins and reports actu- ally published during the year were as follows: Report on Irrigation Investigations in California, under the super- vision of Elwood Mead, assisted by William E. Smythe, Marsden Manson, J. M. Wilson, Charles D. Marx, Frank Soule, C. E. Grunsky, Edward M. Boggs, and James D. Schuyler (Bulletin No. 100, pp. 411, pls. 29, figs. 16), which gives an account of investigations conducted in California during 1900 by this Office, cooperating with the Califor- nia Water and Forest Association, which consisted of observations by irrigation experts on the existing legal, engineering, and agricul- OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 301 tural conditions along nine typical streams used for irrigation in the State. Report of Irrigation Investigations for 1900 (Bulletin No. 104, pp. 334, pls. 25, figs. 29): This report covers the second year of investi- gations relating mainly to duty of water. The reports of the field agents also contain a large amount of information on laws and cus- toms, agricultural methods, crop returns, and other subjects related to irrigation. A progress report on the quantities of silt carried by a number of Southern rivers is also contained in this volume. This report has been reprinted in separates. Irrigation in the United States, Testimony of Elwood Mead, Irriga- tion Expert, before the United States Industrial Commission (Bulle- tin No. 105, pp. 47, pls. 12, fig. 1): The statement made before the Industrial Commission deals chiefly with the legal status of irrigation, touching on State control, National aid to irrigation, and the disposal of the public grazing lands. The necessity and possibility for storage are also discussed. Irrigation Practice among Fruit Growers on the Pacific Coast, by E. J. Wickson (Bulletin No. 108, pp. 54, pls. 10, figs. 7): This bulle- tin gives the results of a special investigation into the conditions, extent and methods of irrigation as practiced among fruit growers on the Pacifie coast. Irrigation in Field and Garden, by E. J. Wickson (Farmers’ Bul- letin No. 138, pp. 40, figs. 18), discusses methods of irrigating on a small seale. How to Build Small Irrigation Ditches, by C. T. Johnston and J. D. Stannard (Farmers’ Bulletin No. 158, pp. 28, figs. 9): This is a reprint of an article in the Yearbook of the Department of Agricul- ture for 1900, entitled ‘‘ Practical irrigation,” giving methods for lay- ing out and building small irrigating ditches, using only such implements as are found on most farms, or can easily be made by the farmer. ; Some Typical Reservoirs of the Rocky Mountain States, by Elwood Mead (Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture for 1901, pp. 415— 430, pls. 8): This article describes some of the reservoirs of Colorado and Utah, paying especial attention to cost of construction and returns from the use of the stored water. Scope and Purpose of the Irrigation Investigations of the Office of Experiment Stations, by Elwood Mead (Annual Report, Office of Experiment Stations, 1901, pp. 417-436, pls. 4). The publications prepared for the printer during the year include the following: Irrigation of Rice in the United States, by Frank Bond and George H. Keeney (Bulletin No. 113, pp. 77, pls. 28, figs. 10): In this bulle- tin Mr. Bond describes the rice industry of Louisiana and Texas, and gives measurements of the quantities of water used in irrigating rice. The laws relating to irrigation of the two States dealt with are also discussed. Mr. Keeney’s report covers North Carolina, South Caro- lina, and Georgia, and is almost wholly descriptive. Irrigation from Big Thompson River, in Colorado, by John E. Field (Bulletin No. 118, pp. 75, pls. 5, fig. 1): This is a study of the water laws of Colorado as illustrated by irrigation from Big ‘Thompson River. Mr. Field discusses more particularly the ‘‘water-loaning” law, a recent enactment which has a tendency to unsettle existing rights to Colorado streams. Report of Irrigation Investigations for 1901 (Bulletin No. 119, pp. 302 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. 401, pls. 64, figs. 12): This is the third of the annual reports of the irrigation investigations of this Office. It deals chiefly with the duty of water, but contains also reports from four stations in the humid States, and related questions, where irrigation is not a necessity, but a means of increasing the returns from farm lands; a report on the underground water supply of the San Bernardino Valley, California, and the second progress report on silt measurements. The manuscript for the following publications is in hand: Irriga- tion Water Contracts, by J.S. Greene; Report on Irrigation in Egypt, by C. T. Johnston; Irrigation Investigations in Utah; and the Irriga- tion System of the Gallatin Valley in Montana, by S. Fortier. A list of references to publications relating to irrigation and land drainage has been prepared by the Library of the Department with the cooperation of the Office. The increasing demand for the irrigation bulletins has rendered it necessary to reprint Bulletins 58, 92, 96, and 100, Congress having ordered an edition of 3,200 of the last, named. It has also been nec- essary to reprint the separates of Bulletins 86 and 104, containing the reports of the first and second years’ investigations on irrigation. While, as the above statement shows, the volume of published mat- ter relating to irrigation has been large, and its distribution wide, the publications have not been the whole or perhaps the most effective means employed in the educational work of the irrigation investiga- tions. The answering of specific inquiries which come to the Depart- ment has been a large feature of the work of the office in Washing- ton. The addresses in public meetings in different parts of the arid region, and conferences with officials and ethers interested, have also been effective agencies for promoting the work. In this way the experience and knowledge already obtained have been brought to bear on the public mind more effectively than heretofore and has resulted in a great quickening of interest in this matter throughout the West. The increase in the appropriation for irrigation investigations ($15,000) made by the last Congress will be almost entirely absorbed by the growing outlay for publications and the investigations of the rights of riparian proprietors. The broadened scope of these investi- gations and the increased interest in the questions with which they deal, growing out of the rapid development now taking place, have increased the opportunity for the useful employment of : a still larger fund. I recommend, therefore, that $75,000 for the conduet of the irrigation investigations of this Office be asked for in the estimates of the ensuing year. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING. It will be admitted without question that under an advanced system of agriculture successful farming is impossible without a properly laid out farm, thorough drainage, suitable and properly constructed farm buildings, and efficient farm implements and machinery, and yet it may be safely asserted that no feature of our agriculture has received less attention from the organized agencies for agricultural research and investigation—namely, this Department and the agricultural experiment stations—than such subjects as these, which may be classed under the broad term of agricultural engineering. — It may be truly claimed that American inventive genius and mechan- ical skill have unaided surpassed the world in the construction of farm machinery and stand in the front ranks as regards other lines of OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 303 ruralengineering. But with the increasing demand for efficient labor- saving devices resulting from the growing scarcity of farm labor, and the organization and development in foreign countries of institutions for the systematic study and improvement of farm machinery, it is important that we should not longer neglect this field of inquiry if we are to meet the reasonable requirements of our agriculture and main- tain our supremacy. Systematic investigations of the kind mentioned have been so limited in this country that at present the Department is not in a position to answer the numerous requests for information on these subjects which come to it, and these demands will undoubt- edly increase with the growing application of new forms of power to farm work and the development of new kinds of labor-saving machin- ery. Interest in these subjects is already so widespread that the agricultural colleges and experiment stations are broadening their work so as to include courses of study and investigations in agricul- tural engineering. They find great difficulty, however, in establishing this work on an efficient basis, because of the lack of definite infor- mation in available form. It is believed that this Department might well undertake to collate and publish such information, as well as to institute investigations which will broaden our knowledge of the prin- ciples involved in these subjects. Some of the more important lines along which the proposed inquiries and investigations might be under- taken with profit are, as already indicated, as follows: (1) Laying out of farms, including arrangement of fields, location of buildings, water supply, and disposal of sewage. (2) Drainage.—This is a subject of universal application, but the need of study of methods of draining irrigated land to remove excess of water and alkali is especially urgent for the reason that with the rapid extension of irrigation the subject of drainage is increasing in importance. Moreover, the problems encountered under these condi- tions are different from those which arise in regions where the surplus water to be removed by drainage comes from rainfall. The introduc- tion of an efficient system of drainage of irrigated lands will make productive large areas of land now practically worthless, and will ren- der available for irrigation an important water supply which is now wasted. In response to numerous requests from the irrigated region, the Irrigation Investigations of this Office has undertaken some work along this line, as explained on page 294. While the need of drainage investigations in connection with irrigation is especially urgent, there are many features of the question as applied to humid regions which have been but imperfectly studied. (3) Farm buildings, including the designing of the different build- ings required on the farm, with studies of arrangement, materials to be used, and methods of construction. Formerly farm buildings were mainly storage places for implements and products and shelter for stock; with the advance of agriculture farm buildings have become more complex in construction and use, and should be as carefully planned and constructed as factories. Not only is there a wide field for study in the improvement of their design to more perfectly meet the requirements of modern agriculture, but the question of the materials used in their construction must receive attention in the near future. So long as lumber was abundant and cheap wood was the most desirable material, but with the growing scarcity and increasing cost of lumber the time is not far distant when brick, concrete, stone, and metal will have to be considered. Moreover, under modern con- 304 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. ditions of high-bred, high-priced stock, the question of stable sanita- tion, heating, lighting, and ventilation has assumed an importance second only to that of house sanitation; but the data upon which to base an efficient system of ventilation, for instance, are of the most limited and unreliable character. It is believed that a study of the subject of farm buildings will benefit our agriculture not only by the saving of large sums of money in the selection and combination of materials used, but by the adoption of better designs. (4) Farm implements and machinery.—Inquiries which might be profitably undertaken under this head include— (a) Preliminary work in the collection and publication of informa- tion regarding the evolution, character, and uses of farm implements and machinery in this and other countries. This is important because the available literature of the subject is scattered, fragmentary, and out of date. A small beginning has been made in this direction in a bulletin on ‘‘ The evolution of reaping machines,” recently published by this Office. (b) Laboratory and practical tests, involving a study of principles of construction and methods of operation of farm implements and machinery with special reference to efficiency and economy. These might very properly include certain strictly téchnical inquiries regard- ing the fundamental nature of the various mechanical farm operations with a view to suggesting the best means of performing them with the implements and machines at present available, or with others, the con- struction of which will be indicated by the results of the inquiries. Such inquiries would require considerable laboratory equipment, but the results obtained would be useful to the farmer by securing for him the most efficient implement or machine for performing the desired operation and to the manufacturer by assisting him in the construc- tion of the desired implements and machines. Other important inquiries which might be pursued in the laboratory and in practical trials are tests of the relative efficiency and best methods of applica- tion of various kinds of power (hand, animal, steam, gas, hot air, com- pressed air, water power, wind power, and electricity) when used in driving different kinds of farm machinery under varying conditions, and comparative tests of different classes of farm implements and machinery when operated under different conditions, with a view to improvement as regards ease of operation, practical efficiency (power required and quantity and quality of work), and durability. Observa- tions on draft under varying conditions would also be an important feature of such tests. A special line of inquiry in this connection for which there is a rapidly growing demand is that relating to pumps and pumping for supplying water for irrigation and other farm purposes. From the above brief outline of proposed investigations on agricul- tural engineering, it will be seen that these inquiries would be more complete and fundamental than any yet attempted in this country. It is hoped that funds to extend the work of this Department in these directions may be provided at an early day, and I would suggest that an initial appropriation of $25,000 for this purpose be asked for to be used during the fiscal year 1904, REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF PUBLIC ROAD INQUIRIES. U. 8S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OFFICE OF PUBLIC ROAD INQUIRIES, Washington, D. C., August 31, 1902. Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith the report of the Office of Public Road Inquiries for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1902, together with an outline of the work for the current year and recommendations and estimates for the ensuing year. Respectfully, MARTIN DODGE, Director. Hon. JAMES WILSON, Secretary. WORK OF THE YEAR. The work of this Office during the past year has been continued and extended along the lines laid down in previous reports. The Director and assistants, including the office force and road experts, have been engaged in collecting and disseminating information relating to the various phases of the road question, attending road conventions and other meetings where the subject of road improvement was under dis- cussion, and cooperating with county and State road officials, agricul- tural colleges, and experiment stations in the construction of object- lesson roads. The correspondence of the Office, including applica- tions for assistance, information, and literature, has been heavier than in any year since the Office was established. In addition to publishing three new bulletins and one circular, most of the publications of the Office have been reprinted, and in some eases three or four new edi- tions have been necessary to satisfy the unusualdemand. The special agents and experts of the Office have attended numerous road meet- ings, and have given advice and assistance in the building of sample roads in many places throughout the country. Owing to the great importance of this practical feature of the work, and to the constantly increasing demands for it, every possible effort has been made to assist in these object-lesson demonstrations in road building PUBLICATIONS OF THE OFFICE. An International Good Roads Congress was held at Buffalo, N. Y., September 16-21, 1901, under the auspices of the National Good Roads Association. The proceedings of the convention, containing much valuable information relating to the progress of road construc- tion in the United States and Canada, were published as Bulletin No. 21. The first edition of 10,000 was soon exhausted, and the Office is now sending out another edition of 10,000 copies. AGR 1902 20 305 306 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. The proceedings of another good roads convention, likewise held in New York. State, are to be found in Bulletin No. 22. It was the third annual good roads convention of the boards of supervisors of the State of New York, held at Albany, January 28 and 29, 1902. The special feature of the meeting, embodied in this bulletin, was the information concerning the progress that New York has made toward State aid in road improvement. The State appropriation for this work has been increased from $50,000 in 1898 to $750,000 in 1901. Another publication completed this year is circular No. 36, contain- ing a list, so far as known, of all National, State, and local road asso- ciations and kindred organizations in the United States. The wide- spread and ever-increasing interest in highway improvement is indi- cated by the number of these organizations. When this Office was established, in 1893, there was only one National organization and three or four local associations; now there are over 100 organizations, and these include six distinctly National road associations. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 136, entitled ‘‘ Earth Roads,” was also pre- pared in this Office and published during the year. It contains a num- ber of practical suggestions on the improvement of earth roads, and is illustrated by engravings showing the methods of construction and maintenance of such roads. Over 100,000 copies have already been distributed, and the demand for it is as great as ever. The influence of this publication to those interested or engaged in road work is shown by the many favorable comments that have been received from prominent men throughout the country. W. W. Crosby, road engi- neer of Baltimore County, Md., said in acknowledging the receipt of a copy of the bulletin: It is an exceedingly valuable paper, and I should like your permission to make liberal use of it in a circular I am preparing on the principles of construction and maintenance of roads for distribution among road commissioners of Baltimore County. The principles brought out therein can not be too firmly impressed on the public mind. Lansing H. Beach, ex-Engineer Commissioner of Washington, D. C., says of the bulletin: T have read it with much interest, and believe that you have done good mis- sionary work in stating what you have done and having it published in this form. It ought to do a great deal of good and do away with some of that widely preva- lent notion that a road has to be a mud hole unless it can be macadamized at a cost of several thousand dollars per mile. Stuyvesant Fish, president of the Illinois Central Railroad Com- pany, also writes of the bulletin: ‘‘ This ought to be sent out to every roadmaster throughout the country.” The following bulletins are in course of preparation: Bulletin No. 23, Road Conventions in the Southern States and Object-Lesson Roads Constructed under the Supervision of the Office of Public Road Inquiries, pane ine cooperation of the Southern Railway, during the fall and winter of 1901-1902. Bulletin No. 24, Proceedings of the North Carolina Good Roads Convention, held at Raleigh, N. C., February 12 and 13, 1902. Bulletin No. 25, Proceedings of the Jefferson Memorial and Interstate Good Roads Convention, held at Charlottesville, Va., April 2, 3, and 4, 1902. WORK OF SPECIAL AGENTS OF THE OFFICE. Prof. J. A. Holmes, of North Carolina, and James W. Abbott, of Colorado, were reappointed special agents of the Southern and Western divisions, respectively, and summaries of their work for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1902, are submitted. OFFICE OF PUBLIC ROAD INQUIRIES. 307 SOUTHERN DIVISION. During the year Professor Holmes has visited nearly all the South- ern States, examining into the character and distribution of the mate- rials suitable for use in road building, the employment of convict labor in road building, the character of road legislation, the condition of the roads, and the status of public opinion in each State. The samples of road material collected were forwarded to Washington to be tested in the road-material laboratory, and the results of these tests, as fast as completed, have been communicated directly to the interested local officials. In connection with his trips through the different States, Mr. Holmes has attended and presented papers before a number of good roads conventions. He has delivered addresses on road questions before several of the State legislatures and a number of educational institu- tions. He has endeavored, both by correspondence and through his personal visits, to keep in touch with the State and county officials, and has discussed with them the best plans for road improvement through the use of local materials in the different sections. The list of persons now corresponding with this Office concerning the good roads movement in the Southern States is large and is con- stantly growing. Through this correspondence every portion of the South is reached and accurate information concerning the road- building work is promptly collected. - Literature relating to road building is being distributed in all of the Southern States. The organization of local, county, and State road improvement associations is being encouraged, and the members of such associations are aided through the literature and the suggestions sent out to keep up an active educational campaign in behalf of the movement. One of the spacial problems taken up during the year by the South- ern division is that relating to the improvement of earth roads through the use, and especially the mixture, of such local materials as clay and sand in the coastal or rockless regions of the South Atlantic and Gulf States. It has been found in many cases that quite satisfactory roads can be constructed by spreading clay on the deep sand or spread- ing sand on clay roads and allowing the wheels of passing vehicles to thoroughly mix and pack the materials. The results of this work have been so satisfactory in several sections that applications are constantly received for road-building experts to be sent to different States to give special instructions in the methods of testing road materials and constructing cheap and efficient farm roads. Owing to the inability of the Office to supply these experts, nearly all such requests have been denied, but in several cases experts have been sent, and with decidedly favorable results. It is to be hoped that during the ensuing fiscal year a much greater amount of work of this kind can be done. WESTERN DIVISION. During the last fiscal year Mr. James W. Abbott continued to work on the plan outlined in my last report. He traveled 35,000 miles through South Dakota, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, Oregon, Washing- ton, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado, covering as fully as possible the territory assigned him. On one of these trips he made two digressions, one into British Columbia on the 808 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. north and another as far as the City of Mexico on the south. He also made two trips to the Office at Washington, D. C., and one to the International Good Roads Congress at Buffalo. The object sought in his travels was to get into as close touch as possible with the highw ay situation generally , and to learn the char- acter, under varying physical conditions, of existing roads embraced in this wide field. “As a practical road builder, he aimed to study on the ground the various problems presented by geology, topography, and ‘climate of each section. He also endeavored to learn the exist- ing condition of public sentiment and the degree of enlightenment on road subjects, and then the most practical methods “by which these might be stimulated and increased. Wherever he went, he sought out the representative men of the community, city, county, or State, the editors of the newspapers, city and county engineers, road supervisors, mayors, executive officers of commercial bodies and indus- trial enterprises, and professors in educational institutions. Before leaving a community he invariably inspected its roads, in company with someone interested in road matters and posted on local condi- tions; and after a study of the history of these roads and of feasible plans for their betterment, he offered to the proper officials such advice asseemed pertinent tothe conditions. In connection with all this work he found time to visit and address four important road conventions. Besides preparing a great many articles for the press and supplying material for a still greater number written by others, Mr. Abbott, after an exhaustive study, wrote a monograph on ‘‘ The use of oil on roads.” He also prepared a paper on ‘‘ Mountain roads as a source of revenue” for publication in the Yearbook of the Department for 1901. Much time and effort was expended on this paper, and it is attracting favorable attention throughout the United States. It is hoped that the article may lead to important results in developing, by good roads and other improvements, the unrivaled scenic resources of this country. Another duty requiring careful attention was the large and increasing correspondence on matters pertaining to road improve- ment. The universal interest in the subject, everywhere aroused, has naturally led very many people to write letters to Mr. Abbott ask- ing for information. Many of these letters have dealt with the need for legislation and the tentative efforts in that direction in his especial field. Being an enthusiast in the good roads cause, Mr. Abbott devoted all his time to this work. Consequently , the sum of $1,500, available for payment for his services, was actually used in paying his expenses. ROAD-MATERIAL LABORATORY. The laboratory for the testing of road building materials, estab- lished in December, 1900, through the cooperation of this Office and the Bureau of Chemistry, is now in full operation, and any citizen of the United States interested in the construction of public highways can have road materials tested free of charge. These materials are subjected to an abrasion test to determine their resistance to wear, a cementation test to determine their cementing or binding power, a toughness and a hardness test. Other informa- tion regarding materials i is also furnished to applicants, such as den- sity, absorptiveness, and proper nomenclature. OFFICE OF PUBLIC ROAD INQUIRIES. 309 COOPERATION IN BUILDING OBJECT-LESSON ROADS. In addition to making scientific tests of road-building materials, the Office has, during the past year, cooperated with the local authori- ties in many different States in building short sections of object-lesson roads, thus determining not only the best availabie materials for any particular community, ‘but also demonstrating their practical applica- tion to the road. In this work it is intended not only to contribute something by way of cooperation on the part of the General Gov- ernment, but also to secure cooperation on the part of as many different interests connected with the road question as_ possible. The local community having the road built is most largely inter- ested, and is expected to furnish the common labor and domestic material. The railroad companies generally cooperate, because they are interested in having better roads to and from railroad stations. They therefore contribute by transporting free, or at very low rates, the machinery and such foreign materials as are needed in the construction of the road. The manufacturers of earth- handling and road-building machinery cooperate by furnishing all needed machinery for the most economical construction of the road, and in many cases prison labor is used in preparing material which finally goes into the completed roadbed. The contribution which the General Government makes in this scheme of cooperation is both actually and relatively small, but it is by means of this limited cooperation that it has been possible to produce a large number of object-lesson roads in different States. These have proven to be very beneficial, not only in showing the scientific side of the question, but the economical side as well. The work of building object-lesson roads, in cooperation with the Illinois Central Railroad Company, through the Mississippi Valley from New Orleans to Chicago, as outlined in the last annual report, was continued into the present year, terminating July 26, 1901, in the construction of object-lesson earth roads and the holding of a con- vention at Effingham, Ill. During the month of September, 1901, another good-roads train, organized in Chicago and carrying all kinds of modern road-building machinery, proceeded over the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad to Buffalo, where the machinery was used in the construction of samples of macadam and earth roads on Grand Island, near Buffalo. The good-roads train was on exhibition on the grounds of the Pan-American Exposition during the session of the International Good Roads Congress. This was the first interna- tional good roads congress ever held which was attended by European delegates. Itwas attended by prominent statesmen and officials, road experts, and engineers from various parts of this and other countries, and the results, it is believed, will prove far-reaching in their benefits. This Office cooperated for a period of about five months during the winter of 1901-1902 with the Southern Railway Company and the National Good Roads Association in an expedition for building object- lesson roads in the southeastern section of the country. The good- roads train left Alexandria, Va., on October 29, 1901, and closed its itinerary at Charlottesville, Va., on April 5, 1902. During the inter- vening time it traveled over the Southern Railroad and its branches through the States of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Ten- nessee, Georgia, and Alabama, a distance of 4,037 miles, stopping at eighteen different places and building as many object- lesson roads. The following places were visited, where conventions were also held; 810 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Winston-Salem and Asheville, N. C.; Greenville and Chattanooga, Tenn.; Birmingham, Mobile, and Montgomery, Ala.; Atlanta and Augusta, Ga.; Greenville, Columbia, and Charleston, 8. C.; Lynch- burg, Danville, Richmond, and Charlottesville, Va. The governors of several of the States visited issued proclamations announcing the arrival of the train and urging the people to witness the object-lesson work and to participate in the deliberations of the conventions held. These conventions were addressed by the gov- ernors, United States Senators, Representatives in Congress, generals of the United States Army, and presidents of colleges and universities, professional and business men, farmers, and others. The addresses were of an unusually high class and were very instructive, as they covered almost every phase of the road question. Indeed, they were considered of so much importance that many of them are to be pub- lished, as heretofore mentioned. This Southern Railway good roads train was equipped with twelve carloads of the most modern and improved road-building machinery, as well as two officers’ cars for the road experts and officials of this Department and the National Good Roads Association, and one camp car for the laborers. The train, its equipment, and operating force were all supplied by the railroad company, while the road-building machinery and the expert operators of the same were furnished by the road-machine companies. In all cases the materials and common labor for the road work were supplied by the local authorities. The Government furnished instruction and scientific information, expert road builders, and didactie literature pertaining to the work. At all the places visited samples of stone, gravel, chert, earth, or shell roads were built, so adapted to the local conditions as to show the best and most economical use of the available materials. Besides the conventions participated in during the trips of the good roads trains, the Director and assistant director of this Office attended and addressed several other important road conventions during the year, among which may be mentioned the following: The annual con- vention of the Eastern Ontario Good Roads Association, Ottawa, Can- ada; the annual good roads convention of the State board of county commissioners, Ocala, Fla.; a convention to inaugurate the construc- tion of stone roads, Saginaw, Mich.; the annual meet of the Highway Alliance and League of American Wheelmen, Atlantic City, N. J., and the annual meeting of the Automobile Club of America, New York City. In answer to inquiries as to the present condition of the sample roads built in connection with the good roads trains under the direc- tion of this Office, very gratifying reports were received, some of which are as follows: RESULTS OF ILLINOIS CENTRAL EXPEDITION. In regard to the sample earth road built in this city in the spring of 1901, I beg to state that nothing has been done to it since completion. Yet it was so built that it is in very good order. Our president, Mr. John Dymond, advised me some time since that the convention held here and the piece of road built had greatly benefited several road committees in our parishes, resulting in their making a number of improvements.—Harry H. Hopaeson, Secretary Louisiana State Good Roads Association, New Orleans, La. The road built last season by the good roads train has done a vast amount of good. People have taken a great interest in it. In connection with same, the board of supervisors have used their efforts to improve all the roads, and asa result we think in time that every road in this county will be put in magnificent condition.—J. W. Ross, Secretary Good Roads Association, Natchez, Miss. OFFICE OF PUBLIC ROAD INQUIRIES. d1]1 The specimen of good road built under the direction of your Department last year is in good condition and is well constructed. The building of this road has aroused public interest in the improvement and construction of good roads, and there seems to be a general demand for road improvement in this county. I think it will not be a very great while before there will be a concerted effort on the part of the citizens of this county looking to the construction of better roads through- out the county. I find almost a universal desire and demand for it.—SToKELy D. Hays, President Tennessee Good Roads Association, Jackson, Tenn. The mile of road built here last summer from Elwood avenue to the country club, under the direction of your Office, has proved a very useful object lesson. Your visit and the sample road has awakened interest in the movement throughout the State. As you will remember, when finished it was a beautiful, smooth, solid, earth road. Since then the country club has had it macadamized, and it is as pretty a road as one could wish to see. The building of this road has resulted in the organization of the county good roads association, of which Col. I. B. Nall is president. The Louisville Commercial Club has been actively engaged in pro- moting this movement for four years or more, and is now, on account of the newly awakened interest, doing more for the cause than ever before.—J. C. VAN PELT, Secretary Kentucky Good Roads Association, Louisville, Ky. RESULTS OF THE SOUTHERN RAILWAY EXPEDITION. While the enthusiasm worked up when the train was in this city has somewhat subsided, there is still a very healthy interest exhibited in the good-roads work in many portions of the State. The executive committee of the State good roads association, of which I am a member, recently held a meeting at Montgomery and formulated an address to the people with suggestions in regard to the formation of good roads associations in every county in the State. We desire these county organizations to select delegates to attend the convention to be held in Montgom- ery this fall before the next meeting of the legislature, in order that we may agree upon a system of road laws to supersede the obsolete laws we now have. ‘This movement, I believe, will be productive of practical results, the idea being to have one central State organization, of which the county organizations will be parts and duly represented. To show the interest taken, Iam glad to say that every member of the State executive committee was present at the meeting except one, and he was unavoidably absent.—HENRY FonbE, President Southern Alabama Good Roads Association, Mobile, Ala. I have made inquiry of a number of the residents of this city and the vicinity who make use of the model road built under your supervision in this neighborhood. The traffic varies from the passage of a light buggy or wagon to the heaviest hauling, and I find no dissatisfaction expressed with the road by any class of users. As yet we have built no roads since your visit, but I think the example will tell when new construction is begun.—CHARLES MINorR BLACKFORD, Jr., M. D.. Lynchburg, Va. It gives me pleasure to say that the increased interest in building and main- taining good roads has been very marked in North Carolina since the visit of the good roads train. Though little actual work has been done, yet from all sections of the State, especially from those sections where the good roads train stopped and conventions were held, numerous inquiries have come to me for information and for copies of the recent road Jaws passed by our legislature, the adoption of which is optional with the county commissioners. Other evidence of various kinds shows the awakening of our people to the great necessity of road improve- ment. Iam sure of the great value of the work your Office has undertaken, and I wish you continued success.—S. L. Parrerson, North Carolina Commissioner of Agriculture and Immigration, Raleigh, N. C. The road built north of the city by the good roads train is an excellent piece of work, and is standing the travel! beyond my expectation; in fact, it is almost a perfect piece of work. I believe the good roads movement is also growing in almost every county in this State, and within twelve months, in my judgment, its friends will be organized and ready for work. This means a great deal for North Carolina. It will cost in this section to build such roads as we are build- ing, with granite bed in the center 9 inches deep and 10 feet wide, with a dirt driveway 8 feet wide on either side of the macadam, about $2,000 or $2,500 per mile. I wish the good roads train could repeat its circuit this fall through this section. It would do more, in my opinion, to promote the good roads movye- ment than anything that can be done. I hope the good roads movement will 312 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. continue to grow throughout the entire country.—P. H. Hanes, President North Carolina Good Roads Association, Winston, N. C. With relation to the short bit of road constructed at Charleston by the good roads train, I beg to advise that careful inspection shows it to have well with- stood the test to which it has been subjected. You will appreciate, however, that the traffic over this road has not been of a heavy order. The interest in good roads, stimulated by your popular enterprise, is continually extending, and is worthy of the highest commendation. One of the foremost tenets proclaimed in the present gubernatorial campaign is ‘‘good roads.’’ I most heartily approve of your work. The greatest benefits are to come to us through ready transporta- tion from the farms to the common carriers.—EARLE SLOAN, State Geologist, Charleston, S. C. RESULTS OF EARLIER OBJECT-LESSON ROAD WORK. On account of the great importance of the Government’s coopera- tion in this object-lesson road work and the urgent demands that are being made for its extension, it is well to reproduce here, in addition to the above comments on the work of the good roads trains, a few reports upon the sample roads constructed in recent years in the vari- ous States under the direction of this Office, in cooperation with the State and the county officials, agricultural colleges, and experiment stations: As one of the commissioners having this matter in charge, I have been more or less conversant with the sample road put in by the Government in this vicinity a few years since. The work was prosecuted with more or less difficulty at that time because of the lack of proper material for its construction. That portion of it first built has been kept in fine condition without any extraordinary expendi- tures. Your work was the beginning of a good roads movement which has increased from year to year until Geneva is now provided with some of the best roads in western New York; hence, as an object lesson it certainly has been a work of great utility. It is generally admitted by all of the citizens here that such is the case.—S. D. WILLARD, Postmaster, Geneva, N. Y. The road built under your supervision has given universal satisfaction, and many people have visited here to see the possibilities in public-road building. The whole country has been stimulated to improve the old roads. It is very apparent that good roads can be built in sections where gravel and clay abound. The main object is to educate the people how best to use the material at hand. During our convention here 13 counties were represented, and the good seed was sown broad- cast. That it is daily bearing good fruit we are confident.—Hon. FRANK HAMIL- Ton, Traverse City, Mich. I beg to acknowledge with thanks a copy of Farmers’ Bulletin No. 136, on Earth Roads. I have read the same with much interest and am glad to see that you present therein an engraving showing the great improvement that was made in our road system here in cooperation with your Office. Our road to-day is as good as it ever was, notwithstanding the fact that it has been in use three years, and has been subjected to a great deal of heavy hauling. I wish you could take a ride over it now and then go out on some of the streets of Knoxville that have been neglected for three years. You would not be surprised, however, at suchan experience, as you realize so well the value of good roads.—ANDREW M. SOULE, Professor of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn. Any work done by the Government officially is generally supposed to be thoroughly and scientifically done. The work here was not only well done, but the public was satisfied with it. The object-lesson road built was superior to any road work done up to that time; but it is only fair to state that since then better roads even than the model have been constructed by the county officials; in fact, good examples are contagious as well as bad ones.—W. J. KERNACHAN, M. D., Florence, Ala. T have the honor to submit the following report on the object-lesson road, built at this college under the direction of Mr. Charles T. Harrison, road expert of the Office of Public Road Inquiries, during the spring of 1900: The road improved is on the west side of the campus, between the college and the town of Starkville. It is one-third of a mile long, part of it crossing a narrow OFFICE OF PUBLIC ROAD INQUIRIES. elo valley, and the remainder on a hillor slope. Thissection of the State is underlaid by rotten limestone 700 feet thick. The surface is a stiff calcareous clay that gets very soft and muddy in the winter. The top of the hill was cut down about 18 inches, and the soil and clay carried in wheel scrapers to the valley, where the road was raised about 18 inches. Sewer pipe was put across the road at three points to allow the water to cross from the upper to the lowerside. At two places the sewer pipe is 12 inches in diameter and at the other 24 inches. The roadbed was properly shaped and rolled, after which it was surfaced with 5 or 6 inches of sand gravel, gotten at Columbus, Miss., in the valley of the Tombigbee River. On account of a recent overflow of the river depositing sand in the pit, the gravel was not as good as we had previously gotten from the same pit. After using the road a while some cinders from the power-house boilers were put on the surface. The road is a fairly good one, but not the best. The gravel cost $5 a car (each car containing about 10 yards) delivered on the side track at the college. Labor cost 60 cents a day for grown men. College teams were used tor the work. The items of cost are as follows: Cry, Clee mms ee ae et aN ra SEE Oe eee eel ap 7 SRS elie SLO OO SOW empl permis s: Hume Pryiyg ghee) es Ta ee eee a te we ee Sr SEE 25308, 80 IDG) Sie G2 ES Sec pee © ee ee ee ep ee Sey § Mele as ree ee oe 74. 99 Ota Be a ee i a a ed oe SO pas oe gs 2 pe COD Since this object-lesson road was built the station has issued a bulletin on Earth Roads, and a great many counties have adopted the contract system for working the public highways.—W. L. HutTcuHinson, Director Mississippi Agricultural College. The object-lesson road built by your Department has been seed sown in good soil. I think it was the first object-lesson road built in Maryland, and it has proven a great and good lesson to our people. I am sure no other plan could teach the road officials of our State so valuable a lesson in so short a time. The road was built in a much-traveled section between Fork and Bradshaw, Baltimore County, where much heavy hauling is done—as much as 5 tons being carried upon one wagon with a 34-inch tire. It was built by your Office and abandoned by the road mender to godown. While inconstruction there was held a State ‘‘ good-roads day.”’ July 30, 1898. Since then not one cent has been put upon it, not even to clean out the side drains nor pick up the few loose stones coming to the surface by constant wear and hard rains. Few persons expected it to be permanent, as your road engineer, the late Mr. E. G. Harrison, used only about 8 inches of stone, while the road previously built was from 14 to 24 inches. It was watched by those interested in good roads, and when they found that it stood the test our people began imitating it. While many of the roads are not constructed entirely upon your plans, they are greatly improved over the old sys- tem used before you built the object-lesson road. I feel that the building of this road and the good roads convention held had a great deal to do with bringing about our present good roads law in Baltimore County.—WaALTER P. RECKORD, Reckord, Md. PLANS FOR 1902-1903. It is intended during the current year to continue the work and enlarge its scope so far as the appropriation will admit. We have made only asmall beginning in the work desired to be done throughout the country, and there are now on file 70 applications from 25 different States for the practical cooperation and assistance of this Office. In spite of the fact that practically all the expense except that of Govern- ment supervision is guaranteed in these applications, it is evident that we shall be able to comply with only a limited number of them— more, however, than in any previous year, because of the $10,000 in- crease inthis year’sappropriation. Under these conditions a minimum appropriation by the General Government is used to accomplish a maximum of good results, as it is estimated that for every dollar ex- pended by the Government the local authorities have been stimulated to expend at least $10 in this object-lesson and experimental road work. Owing to the unusual interest in road improvement now prevalent 314 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. in northern Ohio, sample roads are being built under the direction of J. H. Dodge, of this Office, at Leroy, Brunswick, and Dover, in that State. The work will continue throughout the season, and full details concerning it will be submitted in my next annual report. Object-lesson road work is also in progress at Cumberland, Md., where the Allegany County commissioners have appropriated $5,000 for the purpose. A three-fourths mile section of the Old National Turnpike between Frostburg and Cumberland is being resurfaced under the direction of road experts of this Office. In order that the people of Maryland, and especially of Allegany County, may derive the most practical benefit from this work, August 23, 1902, has been set apart as a ‘‘ good roads day,” and all persons interested in road improvement have been invited to visit these roads while in course of construction, and also to participate in a road convention at Cumber- land on that date, which will include a general discussion and exempli- fication of the science of road construction and maintenance. At another point in Maryland, Chestertown, Queen Anne County, some assistance is being extended to the local authorities in the construction of aroad outof furnace slag. This slag can be secured in large quan- tities from Sparrows Point and can be transported down the Chesa- peake in barges. Owing to the scarcity of rock and gravel in this part of Maryland, the experiment at Chestertown is being watched with a great deal of interest, for, if successful, good roads. on the Eastern Shore of Mar yland will no longer be an impossibility. As soon as the Maryland work is completed the road experts and some of the machinery operating there will be transferred to Morgan- town, W. Va., where the funds have already been raised and the pre- liminary plans made for the building of about a mile of object-lesson road. At this place we are to have the cooperation of the West Vir- ginia Agricultural College and Experiment Station, the State geological survey, the city of Morgantown, and the road officials of Monongalia County ,of which Morgantown is the county seat. In view of the fact that very little scientifically constructed road has been built in West Virginia, it is believed that this work will bring about improved methods of road location, construction, and maintenance. If our experts complete their work in West Virginia before cold weather they will be sent to Batesville, Ark., for the purpose of direct- ing the construction of a gravel road. Other applications for “assistance, advice, and cooperation in road conventions and road work will be accepted during the winter and spring as the occasion may demand, and as our force and means will permit, confining our operations as nearly as practicable to the South in the winter and to the North in the summer. An application has recently been received from Hon. Horatio S. Earle, State senator of Michigan and chairman of the Michigan high- way commission, for the assistance of this Office in the operation of the Pere Marquette Railway good roads train, which is to tour the State of Michigan building sample roads and holding conventions, but owing to previous engagements, limited foree, and lack of funds, we have been unable to comply with this request, even to the extent of furnishing a road engineer, much as we should have liked to do so. However, it was my pleasure to be present and participate in the deliberations of the Michigan Good Roads Exposition at Greenville on July 29, 30, and 31, 1902, where the good roads train started its work of holding conventions and building samples of gravel, stone, and earth roads. OFFICE OF PUBLIC ROAD INQUIRIES. 315 The work of the Illinois Central and Southern Railway good roads trains was also so successful that the management of the Great North- ern Railway Company has decided to cooperate with this Office in the operation of a similar expedition over its lines from St. Paul, Minn., to the Pacific coast. The train will be organized in Chicago, leaving there over the Burlington route the last week in August, and proceed to St. Paul, where sample roads will be built, and a State good roads convention will be held September 1-6, 1902, in connection with the Minnesota State Fair. Continuing West, the train will stop at the leading cities along the Great Northern, repeating the building of sample roads and the holding of conventions. The Pacific coast will probably be reached about the first of November. Mr. R. W. Rich- ardson, who had charge of the Illinois Central and the Southern Rail- way good roads trains for the National Good Roads Association, has been appointed special agent of this Office, and he, in conjunction with James W. Abbott, special agent of this Office for the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast division, will accompany the Great North- ern train, and I shall give personal direction to its operations. This expedition of the Great Northern Railway Company, coupled with similar work done by the Illinois Central and Southern Railway companies, indicates a desire on the part of the great railroad compa- nies of the country to do all in their power to aid the Government in cheapening the cost of wagon transportation on the common roads. RECOMMENDATIONS AND ESTIMATES FOR 1903-1904. The value of this Office as a central good roads propaganda is now fully recognized by all persons interested or engaged in road work. Scientific and practical road building necessitates not only the con- sideration of local conditions, such as climate and soil, rainfall and drainage, but also a study of available materials adjacent to the roads in all sections. To transport materials a great distance adds somuch to the cost as to render roads scientifically constructed of foreign materials impracticable. Competent road builders should discover and test the available materials and show by practical object lessons how the most good can be made of them with the least possible expenditure of money and labor. The best materials are not always discovered, and thousands of dollars are wasted in this country annually by the use of poor materials where a little expert study and advice would have developed good materials close at hand. The best methods of using these materials are oftentimes unknown, and money is wasted in their improper application. All these things require scientific study and investigation. The people of the country are now interested in this matter as never before, and they are demand- ing and are sorely in need of authentic information along these lines. Furthermore, the General Government can perform certain duties per- taining to scientific road improvement better than any other agency. Scientific facts ascertained at one time by the General Government will serve for the enlightenment of the people of all the States, and with no more cost than would be required for each separate State to make the investigation and ascertain the facts for itself. Heretofore the limited appropriations for this Office have not been sufficient for carrying on object-lesson or experimental work in more than one place at the same time. During the current year it is proposed to conduct such work in three or four places simultaneously. But at the present rate of progress it will take many years to extend the benefits of this 316 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. work to all parts of the Union. The Office will be obliged, during the current year, to refuse assistance to several places in the West and Southwest where aid has been urgently requested, and where it is greatly needed. In order that the work may be hastened so as to reach the far West within a reasonable time, and that we may be able to comply with a greater number of important demands that are being made upon us, it is desirable that the appropriation for the Office be so increased that the work can be carried on in several States at the same time. I therefore have the honor to recommend that the sum of $75,000 be appropriated for the use of this Office for the fiscal year 1903-1904. This work appears to be no longer of a tentative character. Year after year it assumes increased importance and wider scope. That it will be a permanent feature of the Department’s work seems hardly open to question. It appears fitting that it be given a more definite legal status. I therefore respectfully recommend that the Office of Public Road Inquiries be transformed into a Division of Public Roads. REPORT OF THE EDITOR, DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. U. 8. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS, Washington, D. C., October 1, 1902. Str: I have the honor to submit herewith, for your information and consideration, a report on the work of this Division for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1902, together with recommendations in regard to future operations. Respectfully, GEO. WM. HILL, Editor and Chief. Hon. JAMES WILSON, Secretary. WORK OF THE YEAR. RELATION OF THE DIVISION WITH OTHER BRANCHES OF THE DEPARTMENT. The work of the Division of Publications reflects and must always necessarily represent the activity of the other Bureaus and Divisions of the Department. All the information acquired in these several Bureaus and Divisions by the means at their command finds its expres- sion necessarily in the form of publications which pass through this office. Every enlargement of the scope of work covered by any other Bureau or Division, especially the adoption of entirely new lines of work, involves an addition to the work of the Division of Publia- tions. One of the consequences of this is that the output of work is not controlled by the Editor, whose duty it is in this connection sim- ply to push forward the work with all the celerity possible and to keep it within the bounds of the appropriations controlled by him for the purpose. In no previous year since the Department was organized has this manifestation of activity in all the branches of the Department been soevident. This is shown by the various statements given under the head of ‘‘Statistics of publication work.” PUBLICATIONS OF THE YEAR. Including publications of the Weather Bureau, 85 in number, and which do not pass through this office, the total number of publications issued by the Department during the fiscal year was 757. Of those handled in this Division, 355 were new and covered 18,154 printed pages; 317 were reprints, and of these reprints 236 were Farmers’ Bul- letins and aggregated 5,575,000 copies. (See Appendix B.) The increase in the matter edited during the past year, counting pages of new matter, was 25 per cent over 1901 and 75 per cent more than in 1900. The total number of requisitions issued for printing during the year was 3,514, of which 1,014 were drawn on the main office. In the number of copies distributed the increase was very large. The total number of copies of all publications issued during the year (a list of which is given in Appendix A of this report) was 10,586,580, as against 7,899,281 for the year previous. 317 315 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. INCREASE IN WORK AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE DIVISION. Notwithstanding the increase in the appropriations provided for last year, the tremendous and unprecedented increase of business necessitated the asking, for the first time in many years, for a defi- ciency appropriation, both for printing and binding, and for the material and labor in the distribution of documents. Both of these deficiency appropriations were granted, but notwithstanding this generosity on the part of Congress, on June 30, 1902, the closing day of the fiscal year, there remained unfinished printing in the hands of the Publie Printer amounting to 112 miscellaneous publications and 47 Farmers’ Bulletins, a large amount of the expense of which must necessarily be charged to the appropriation for the present fiscal year. The great development of the Department in recent years, involving almost its reorganization, and the unprecedented increase in the num- ber and variety of its publications, suggest as appropriate at this time a presentation of the status of this Division as compared with a few years ago. Ten years ago (the year 1893) the total funds controlled by the chief of this Division for printing, and including the salary roll, was considerably less than $100,000, while the work of the Division was purely editorial, and had no connection, save indirectly, with the work of the branch printing office, the division of illustra- tions, and the document section. The total number of its employees, editorial and clerical, at that time consisted of 7 persons, and the number of publications issued that year, including reprints, was 210, aggregating a total of 2,689,084 copies. Since that time the number of publications has increased to 757 for last year, aggregating a total, as already cited, of 10,586,580 copies. The division of illustrations and the document section and the supervision of the branch printing office have all been merged in the Division of Publications, with the result that the total number of employees reporting to its chief, who is the Editor of the Department, averages over 150, and the funds expended under the supervision of this officer amount, including the statutory roll, to $383,000. A NOMINAL CHARGE FOR PUBLICATIONS. Reasons have already been adduced in the first part of this report to show that it is impossible for the Editor to restrict the output of pub- lished matter. The law makes it quite as much the duty of this Department to diffuse as to acquire information of use to agriculture, and the principal means available to the Department for such diffusion is printing. Moreover, it is important to note the fact that as the work of the Department becomes better known and more widely appreciated the demand for its publications increases far more rapidly than the means to supply it. Great as the increase of the matter has been in the past two years, that is, with 10,000,000 copies of all publications to distribute, more applications for our publications are refused because the editions are exhausted than was the @ase years ago when the number of copies did not aggregate much more than a quarterasmuch. Ihave frequently called attention to this fact in connection with the demand for our publications and urged that some more businesslike and system- atic method of distribution than that now in vogue be practiced. To supply every applicant with all he asked for would not only be wasteful, but it would involve an amount of printing which we can not imagine Congress being willing to pay for. In the absence of an entirely free list to which all our publications may be sent on request, there is no DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. 319 more equitable mode of distribution conceivable than one which attaches a small charge sufficient to merely cover the paper, printing, and binding, the proceeds from which should be set aside to the credit of the Department for use exclusively in reprinting such publications as might still be called for. FARMERS’ BULLETINS. The great increase in the number of Farmers’ Bulletins allotted to the use of Members of Congress resulted in a Congressional distribu- tion of these useful publications aggregating 4,289,126 copies out of a total of 6,150,000 copies. It has not been found necessary to increase the appropriation for this purpose this year, inasmuch as Senators and Representatives have drawn considerably less than the total amount allotted to them. The demand upon the Department for these publi- cations is unceasing, but the proportion allowed the Secretary is restricted to one-fifth of the whole number, which is not at all ade- quate to meet the requests addressed directly to the Department. The same remark applies in even greater degree to the Yearbook, of which the Department receives no more than it did ten years ago of the old Annual Report, for which the Yearbook has been substituted. UNNECESSARY ILLUSTRATIONS. There is a growing tendency in nearly all the Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices toward extravagance in the number of illustrations in the bulletins submitted for publication. Objection is not made to illus- trations of any kind which are absolutely necessary to convey infor- mation that ean not well be imparted by words, but protest is made against the too frequent use of illustrations for the purpose of mak- ing the book attractive. This remark is particularly directed toward full-page plate illustrations, and still more especially to colored plates, the number of which should be restricted to absolute requirements, because of the expense involved, not only in the making of the plates, butin the separate printing and extra quality of paperand the insertion of the same in the publication. The more frequent use of text illus- trations is earnestly recommended, because they are effective and inexpensive, and the Division is prepared to assist in making the . necessary drawings and engravings. This subject has now become sufficiently important to attract the attention of the President, who, on October 6 last, called the atten- tion of the heads of Departments to the present tendency to increase the number and size of printed reports and documents and to include many unnecessary and expensive illustrations. The following order was subsequently (October 14) issued by the Secretary: The President has directed the attention of the heads of Departments to the present tendency to increase the number and size of printed reports and docu- ments, expressing the belief that there is much useless matter and a large number of unnecessary and expensive illustrations included in many of the reports pub- lished, thus involving a great expense which accomplishes no practical good. I am strongly of the impression that as regards unnecessary illustrations there is in this Department an opportunity for reform in the line of the President’s expressed wish. Your attention is therefore called to this matter with the earnest injunction that in the future you will rigidly exclude from the articles submitted by you for publication all unnecessary illustrations. By unnecessary, I mean all cope ae ne not required to enable the reader to fully apprehend the meaning of the text. Please give this matter your careful consideration and attention. Respectfully, ; JAMES WILSON, Secretary. 320 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. CHARACTER OF THE DEPARTMENT PUBLICATIONS. In this connection, it may be well to review briefly the nature of the publieations of this Department in order to determine to what extent, if at all, efforts should be directed to diminishing their number or restriect- ing their size. Unquestionably, the figures giving the total number of copies of all publications issued by this Department are enormous, in spite of which, however, it is very doubtful whether the Secretary could judiciously restrict their number or their size, except, perhaps, in the matter of illustrations. It must be borne in mind that the duty of the Department to diffuse the information it acquires is imposed upon it by law just as imperatively as its acquisition. It may reason- ably be alleged that the existence in the Department of any informa- tion which either is or may be of value to agriculture imposes on the Secretary the duty of making it public. The time was, undoubtedly, when a very large number of the publications issued were printed in editions far too large, with a result that notwithstanding an injudi- ciously lavish distribution, enormous numbers of copies were left on hand. For many years, however, the efforts of this Division have been directed to restrict the size of the editions of the several publi- cations issued. To this end the proposed distribution is agreed upon before publication and the number issued is made just sufficient to cover it and leave a few hundred copies of the work for miscellaneous demands. When necessity arises for a further supply, additional copies can be promptly printed from the plates which the Public Printer keeps on hand for a considerable time after publication, and this policy explains the large proportion of reprints, amounting last year to 317, representing 12,500 pages of printed matter. Under this system the editions of our publications, excluding, of course, the Yearbook, Farmers’ Bulletins, and other publications which may be ordered by Congress, run from 1,000 to 5,000 copies, very rarely exceeding and usually much less than the latter figure, where ten years ago editions of from 10,000 to 15,000 copies were very common. CONTINUED POPULARITY OF FARMERS’ BULLETINS. In numbers printed, the Farmers’ Bulletins exceed all other publica- tions, aggregating last year over 6,000,000 copies, and they no doubt have been very freely distributed, over 4,000,000 copies having been sent out by Senators, Representatives, and Delegates in Congress. On the whole, however, this may be said to be in the line of economy, as these bulletins are greatly restricted as to size; no plate illustrations are allowed in them, they are issued in the cheapest form, without cover, the cost rarely averaging over a cent and a half each, and they supply the popular demand, not only proving more satisfactory to the recipients, but saving the distribution of a large number of more expensive publications. While the Farmers’ Bulletins thus represent as to the numbers printed and distributed more than one-half of the printing of this Department, they form a comparatively insignificant part of the editorial work and a very small part of the total expense. The 23 Farmers’ Bulletins which passed through this Division last year, for instance, aggregated a little over 700 pages of matter, or about 4 per cent of the total amount of new matter edited in the Division. In the matter of expense, the total appropriation for the preparation and printing of Farmers’ Bulletins was but $107,500, or about one-seventh of the total amount expended for the printing of Department publications. DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. o21 EXPENDITURES FOR PRINTING AND BINDING. The allotment for printing and binding for the Department of Agriculture for the year was $130,000, to which should be added a deficiency appropriation of $20,000, aggregating $150,000, of which sum $20,000 was for the use of the Weather Bureau, over which this office had no supervision. Of the remaining $130,000, the expendi- tures during the year were $128,194.71. This does not include the total expenditures for printing and binding, since various Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices have special funds to which printing may be charged, although there is no specific amount set aside for such purpose. The total expenditures from the three funds from which printing may be defrayed—namely, the regular printing fund, the fund for Farmers’ Bulletins, and the divisional funds—are set forth in the tables. These statements also show the amount expended for each Bureau, Division, and Office from the general printing fund and a summary of the expenditures under the several accounts of the Divi- sion of Publications for the year. The total amount expended for printing and binding delivered to the Department from July 1, 1901, to June 30, 1902, inclusive, was $255,313.85. This, of course, does not include the publications specially ordered by Congress. The total amount appropriated for the use of this Division for the current year, and including the pay of artists, the cost of labor and material in the distribution of documents, and the salaries of the editorial and clerical force, amounts to $383,820. To arrive at the total cost of the printing of the Department, however, there must be added thereto the cost of the Yearbook, of the annual reports of the Weather Bureau, Bureau of Animal Industry, Bureau of Soils, and of other publications specially ordered by Congress, amounting to con- siderably over $400,000 more. This does not include the special appropriation for the branch printing office of the Weather Bureau. Including the cost of handling and distributing the Department’s pub- lications through the mail, the total amount properly chargeable to the diffusion of useful information by this Department under the terms of the law will exceed $1,000,000 yearly. This is less than 20 per cent of the total appropriations for the Department, and it is somewhat interesting to recall the fact that for the first twenty years of the Department’s existence the cost of printing was more than half of the whole expenditure, or, in other words, that the cost of distribution of information considerably exceeded the amount expended in its acqui- sition. Tables showing number and cost of the publications issued, expenditures from various funds, etc., are given elsewhere. THE WORK OF THE BRANCH PRINTING OFFICE. The work of this office has very greatly increased during the past year. Reference to the table, given elsewhere, shows that during the year 2,500 requisitions were drawn upon the branch printing office, an increase over the previous year of 25 per cent. This does not, however, fully represent the increase in the work, for the number of pieces handled for the fiscal year 1902, aggregating 22,715,904, is nearly 50 per cent more than the year previous. This great increase in the volume of work was necessarily handled with serious difficulty, AGR 1902 21 522 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. owing to the lack of suitable quarters and sufficient room, and the efficiency with which the work was done reflects great credit upon Mr. Frank Wallace, the foreman, and deserves acknowledgment. One of the. most serious consequences resulting from inadequate quarters is the impossibility of increasing and perfecting the equip- ment of the office. The Public Printer has several times professed his entire willingness to give to this office an equipment sufficient to make it a model of its kind and to very greatly extend its facilities for work, provided suitable quarters were furnished. In this respect the branch office shares in the many and great incon- veniences suffered equally in the editorial department of our work and by the document section. The Division of Publications now oceupies various portions of five different buildings, and in no one of these are the accommodations afforded to it ample as to room or adapted to the work it has to do. It is impossible to make reference to this matter without commending in the strongest terms the mem- bers of my force for the efficiency of their work and the cheerful patience with which it is performed under the most trying conditions. INDEXING DEPARTMENT PUBLICATIONS. I have frequently and strongly urged the necessity of undertaking in this office a complete index of all the department publications. The value of such an index is beyond question, and the need of it becomes greater each day. Heretofore the want of sufficient assist- ance has made such an undertaking impossible. For the current year, however, the appropriations provide for sufficient additional assistance to undertake the work, but unfortunately we now find our- selves so embarrassed for lack of room that it has been utterly impos- sible for me to take advantage of the liberality of Congress and obtain the appointment of the editorial clerk provided for, with whose assist- ance we had hoped to undertake this indexing work. It seems truly deplorable that urgently needed work should have to be abandoned, after suitable provision has been made therefor by Congress, owing to lack of space in which to carry it on. THE YEARBOOK. The first delivery of the Yearbook for 1901 was made June 27, 1902, and while the volume is somewhat larger than desired, it nevertheless has the merit of containing more and shorter articles than most of its predecessors. The distribution by the Department was somewhat delayed because the quotas of Senators, Representatives, and Dele- gates in Congress were delivered to them at the Capitol by the Publie Printer in advance of the completion of the delivery of the allotment for the use of the Department. In this connection, I beg earnestly to renew the recommendation made in previous reports of this Division that the number of copies of the Yearbook printed for the use of the Department be increased to 50,000, as the present quota of 30,000 copies is inadequate to meet the actual requirements for distribution to correspondents and others to whom the Department is under spe- cial obligation. With the present allotment it is necessary to refer all miscellaneous applicants to Members of Congress. DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. 320 REPRINTS OF ‘‘CATTLE BOOK” AND OF ‘‘HORSE BOOK.” The following joint resolutions were passed by the Fifty-seventh Congress (first session): [PUBLIC RESOLUTION NO. 28.] Joint resolution providing for the publication of 59,000 copies of the Special Report on the Dis- eases of Cattle. Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there be printed and bound in cloth 50,000 copies of the Special Report on the Diseases of Cattle. the same to be first revised and brought to date under the supervision of the Secretary of Agriculture, 50,000 for the use of the House of Representatives, 15,000 for the use of the Senate, and 5,000 for the use of the Department of Agriculture. Approved June 5, 1902. [PUBLIC RESOLUTION NO. 33.] Joint resolution providing for the publication of 200,000 copies of the Special Report on the Dis- eases of the Horse. Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there be printed and bound in cloth 200,000 copies of the Special Report on the Diseases of the Horse, the same to be first revised and brought up to date under the supervision of the Secretary of Agri- culture, 128.000 copies for the use of the House of Representatives, 64,000 copies for the use of the Senate, and 8.000 copies for the use of the Department of Agriculture. Approved June 24, 1902. It will be observed that provision is made for the revision of each of the reports with a view to bringing the same up to date, and this revision is now in progress in the Bureau of Animal Industry. Owing to the magnitude of the work, considerable time will be required to complete it. In this connection it is interesting to note that 370,000 copies of the Report on Diseases of the Horse and 130,000 copies of the Special Report on Diseases of Cattle and on Cattle Feeding have © heretofore been printed by authority of Congress, the distribution of which has been controlled by Senators, Representatives, and Delegates. PHOTOGRAPHIC WORK. Special reference should be made to the increasing amount of pho- tographic work done by this Division for the various Bureaus, Divi- sions, and Offices of the Department, a summary of which for the year is as follows: PHODOREADDS OU WOOR .ke ee h 44 Printa TeLOUCN eC a mee oe 8 eee erg ere eer ne ec ree te ee ee ee 91 ‘Printsimounted "2s _2)ees a A eee oo en El a Kal Seem . 13 Films and neeutivesidevelopedse sts se ay 2a ee es ee ee 174 ‘Prints made sromimegahiv ese 2) 25st as ee ee 4 Bee): Fa keels Blueandsblack: prints. a2) safes pn ee od os ea es Se ee 467 So extensive has become this branch of the work that enlarged quarters are urgently needed, without which the usefulness of the Division along the lines mentioned can not be further extended. This work was done by Mr. Louis 8. Williams, who also engraved on wood during the year 25 illustrations of various sizes and kinds. 324 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. HOW PUBLICATIONS ARE DISTRIBUTED. There is an occasional tendency to disregard the order of the See- retary relating to the distribution of publications. Under the said order all mailing of documents was intrusted to the Division of Pub- lieations, including that of publications sent out upon the order of the chief of the Bureau, Division, or Office from which the same emanated. The intention was to concentrate all the actual mailing work in the Division of Publications, where an adequate force is maintained forthe purpose. Nevertheless, certain Divisions continue occasionally to do mailing in violation of the order mentioned. Fear- ing that the method of distribution may not be fully understood, itis deemed advisable to explain the same. When the manuscript of a bulletin is submitted for publication, it should be accompanied by a card showing the plan of distribution. The only part of this scheme in which the Bureau, Division, or Office is interested is the number of copies needed for its mailing list, includ- ing copies to be sent abroad. This office fills in the other blanks, including those necessary for libraries, legations, ete., which, by the Secretary’s order, receive all publications issued by the Department. The author is always supplied with 100 copies, and 100 copies are furnished to the Bureau, Division, or Office for use in correspondence yr distribution to visitors. A small reserve is kept for supplying miscellaneous applicants, and when copies are desired for such pur- pose an order should be made on the Division of Publications, using the blank prepared therefor. For use in correspondence, as already stated, where it is convenient to mark a paragraph or page in a bul- letin and send with the letter, a limited supply may be furnished the Bureau, Division, or Office of issue, but the indiscriminate mailing of such allotment of publications in response to miscellaneous requests should not oceur. = 228 ae ee ee eee ee 259 Printedtasie xecuthv.er @ OCUMOMLS ise a a ee ee ee ee ee 9 EGited atawWeatheriburedtens sant aaes eeu masa ms ceras tors ecanicts ace 85 TAC lamin cs tx ee Na eon ste es Rea ately Sa eee eke wi te so van 326 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Number of publications, original and reprint, and number of pages and copies of each class, fiscal years 1900, 1901, and 1902. 1900. 1901. 1902. ns a - . |Num- Num- Num- ae ype publica- poy of ee Ge anor 79 publi-| Pages.) Copies. |publi-| Pages.| Coples. | publi-/ Pages.) Copies. ca- ca- ca- tions. tions. tions. Original] Pesan. sen 225 | 10,852 | 4,338, 978 262 | 14,656 | 3,903, 094 355 | 18,184 | 4,009, 136 Reprintee soee es see 148 | 5,988 | 2,004,500 232 | 9,189 | 3,115, 600 317 | 12,454 | 5,791,040 Weather Bureau -__-- 95 || 15164 809, 000 112 | 3,341 880, 587 85 786, 404 Mo tale sen. See 468 | 17,999 | 7,152,478 | 606 | 27,186 | 7,899,281 757| 31,302 |10,586, 580 Number of publications issued from 1893 to 1902, by years. Number Total num- Years. of pub- ber of llications.| copies. TBQS Fn on en ses Oe ge ee eee ree ee 210 | 2,689, 084 EQOA: cs Se ree See et Be ee ee ee ene eee ee 205 3, 169, 310 TE Sey es ee SEN RS dpe CAS SRE rs ee eee ae ee 254 4,100, TS ee eae dee cen ona pee a eaene en Rec ncas asec: Geese s5= 37 6,561, 700 SOT eee ee a ee eo nee et ee he en ee 424 6,541, 210 USOT Sonh Seager een ieee Sees ee A ae oe ee 501 6, 280, 3865 TO) olen i ae sen one Hee ae epee NS Serene cores a een Saba bass ease 603 7,075, 975 TO Voc ee eon ee 0 RS a Sea ee SS ee Bn enn sa ese ea -oaqeesis 468 7,152, 428 190 eee ee ee en a eee» ee eee eee 606 7,899, 281 iL Se nes Sa bee See ee Se a eens eae 757 | 10,586, 580 TTC hell] Se gs eee a ee a ee ee ee 4,404 | 62,056,593 Number of publications, original and reprint,and pages, by Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices, fiscal year 1902. Publications. | Pages. ~- Number of copies. 3 os : ee as ; rPeaus, sions, anc = | | = = eee ecg ae rae me ates tec| spe | © | 6 Nie 0 SIS Fives ob | a 3 Bay Sal eee eaN ae z 3 5 Oy ey ets, S) (om a ) fq a Secretary’s Office -.-.------ 6 6| 12 | 429 | B05 734 119, 000 | 82, 000 201, 000 Executive documents ------ 7 2 9) 3,037 563 | 3,600 554, 100 10,500 564, 600 Accounts and Disburse- | TNONtG eee ee ce eee see 1 eee 1 |} 18 22-2 es 18 200} seater Animal Industry ----------- 37 | 43] 80) 1,360 | 1,268 | 2,628 293,736 1,010,440 | 1,304,176 Biological Survey ---------- Ve Dal On 634 203 837 43.100 | 67,500 110, 600 @hHeniStry sees eee e eae 16a 9 | 25 | 541 331 872 52,7 157, 500 210, 200 En tomoOloey ae ee a= 26 | 23) 49 | 958 948 | 1,906 144, 300 27,500 571, 800 Experiment Stations. ------ 92 | 101 | 193) 4,646 | 3,694 | 8,340 252,100 | 2,058,000 | 2,310, 100 Foreign Markets ------- ---- 6 | 10; 16) 517 967 | 1,484 21,500 15,000 36,500 ION OSU Ve ene ee ee 9| 14] 2 198 941 | 1,139 75, 200 144, 500 219, 7 Wi PTanyeso-sce ee ce oS (OP eee 6 | BIS | Ea ee 515 As O50! |Z snc esee 4,950 Plant Industry -------------]| 56 | 60] 116] 3,542] 1,848] 5,390 328,200 | 1,152,000 | 1,480,200 Publications £223 -==2--- 20 | 12] 32 | 263 432 695 824,250 | 287,500 | 1,111, 750 Public Road Inquiries ----- 7| 17 | 2] 194 403 597 31, 000 190, 100 221, 100 Soils ee ee Se eats 24)) 19) 233.) 741 338 | 1,079 47, 600 141,500 189, 100 Statisticsiee se 23) 4) 27 535 161 696 | 1,211,600 7,000 | 1,218,600 Weather Bureau ----------- 90 2 2 720 52 772 792, 004 40,000 832, RO bale kee ee se 440 | 817 | 757 18,848 | 12,454 | 31,302 | 4,795,540 | 5,791,040 |10,586, 580 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. 327 Amount expended for the various Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices for printing and binding, 1902. IDivaSiomOr ACCOUnTSeS -— fe oe tee Se ee ee 2 oe ct CS eS $1, 422. 66 iBieatmor Animalumanatiye 22 2. = st se ee ee eee ene 5, 125. 03 Division OL BiOlO ICAI; OUT VEY r= 2 aes ee ee es ee ft. 3, 054. 57 IT CAUEOl: OU GINS tive = sence 2 se = a Se ae ee AI ra oe ea ge eee ee 3, 532. 85 Wivisiontof Entomology <: =) 25-2. se ere (eee eee Bp ip Nemes 3, 030.12 Wimee of Mexpenment.stations.-_2-. 2, ---.-2-. =--gses es ee 16,544. 43 Secon Morea: Markets 28 e322 eee ee Sela eee « 5, 208. 14 BcmeattO mH OLeCSURYs— ee ste Oca 2 ee eas oe ee ee 11, 703.89 aD Tarver a a PO ee I Eee apie Oe He a ey 9 Se 6, 100. 06 Brine ausoteelarnithelndustirye cn: oa es = ie es en eee ee ee 21, 050. 36 Divisionsotee wu bliCatiOns:.- -. eh shee eet =o eae a eee ee 1,098. 7 OficoomebublicsRoad Inquiniess = =. ee ee eee 2, 435. 24 ESTEOURO Le SOILS tae see Oe Se eG) iy Re ee 9, 404. 80 DyiyISTONRO mt Steutl Stil CS peer ©, 5 5 ope os 2 eek se ea ah Gt ck ley COOLS MirscelaneOUsts. 2 eae aa! ae So gat es Sa eee ees ec 3, 101. 84 Printing at branch printing office for the various Bureaus, Divisions, UNG) {COS meee, we tye oy see De Oe Se ee ee ee 22, 692. 84 EN OL cee pane ee eee en ee, en ee Se es Se ee 128, 194.71 Farmers’ Bulletins issued, 1889-1902, by years. he 5 ‘ a Number Originals and reprints of Farmers’ Bulletins. of pate: or aoues Fiscal year 1902: Onin as ee ee ere Pee Se ee a ee ee ee eee 23 575,000 ERE its ese ee ee ae oe one eens pe ie ana 236 5,575, 000 PR Obata oe ee eh Se ES cot a ee ee 259 6, 150, 000 Fiscal year 1901: Wricinalae s. -S A ee ee a ee ee 14 415, 000 Ve EuEte seems ee DTT ee Aa aS es oe eo ee 157 2,930, 000 SEI Sg Dee aa int ry Me et dyer of SEE CALLS | 471 | 3,845,000 Fiscal year 1900: | Oren a ee ee es ee oh as ba a ae ee 18 525, 000 ERG DEINE hoe oo Js eae a ee Ne Si ea a tO eee ek 90 1,835, 000 ATG Bee rae ee A LPR SJ mee ee 108 | 2,360,000 Fiscal year 1899: - Originals +... == —-=- Be ee en ee eee ee ee 22 | 520, 000 Ropers ee tee er eget Ae Dein aenss ©. kee | 154 | 1,917,000 Te fet ae See ee Sse Se SS a IA a ee eae a Se eee opm 176 2,487,000 rs 7S Number Number Item. Ce ee of copies. Cost. Fiscal year 1902: | | iPaid fromibarmers? Bulletin fand)!--* 22-252 eee = 259 | 6,150,000 | $107,363.05 Fiscal year 1901: Paid from Barmers Bulletin fund —--- ---2-2-s22--_-=- 6 =<=- = 171 | 3,345,000 | 51,796.68 Fiscal year 1900: | Paid:fromibarmers. Bulletimsfrnd) 22 --2- 2-2 nee 222 ae 97 | 2,150,000 30, 665.15 Paid from Seneral printing fund = 2529202. 2 - 2222-22222 11 210, 000 3, 469. 69 1 Fe SR A RS ye eR A EE Sn | 108 | 2,360,000 | 34,134. 84 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. New Farmers’ Bulletins issued during the fiscal year 1902. Ege Total bulle-| Title of bulletin. number ae ee copies. | 133;| experiment Station: Work XoVillh ee ee ee eee 10, 000 1347/"Tree Planting on Rural!School!GroundSkee— 2-2 = ee eee 10, 000 135: Sorghum ‘Sirup' Manufacture = 202) 7S ee eee 10,000 136 Harth Roads:=. =: 232-2 he 2 oe eee ee oe te eee ee ee 10, 000 13%, | DME A mora: Goa hin. ies es eae ee eens Pte a ee en eae ae ea 10, 000 138) | Jirrigationin Pieldiand’ Gardenve= 22s) 5a ea ee eee ee 10,000 139] Emmer:A°Grainforthe Semiarid Rerions= = 2 = 24 = ee eee 30, 000 140'\| Pinea pple’Growin@ ==. = 2220 - as fe a ee eee ee eee 30, 000 141|. Poultry: Raising on the Maren 2 ee ee ee See ne ee ee | 30, 000 142 | Principles of Nutrition and Nutritive Value of Food____- Bee mee Shes hee ee 40, 000 143") Conftormationiof Beefiand Dairy Cattle =2-*- =) == ee 30, 000 144 | Experiment Station Work—XIX _-_-_____---------: eer ae ee ee eee 30, 000 145)| Carbon =Bisulphid/as an insecticide == eee 30, 000 146 | Insecticides and Fungicides: Chemical Composition and Effectiveness of Cer- | tain Preparations ---_-------- Sed 3qncSeeeae a tae ob Ee See ede Bee ee By ie a en cee ee 20, 000 147) Winter Roragve Crops'for the South= 3 2 sees ee a ee ee 30, 000 SES) AC OPE) Fy ont a0 a = ee a on EE a ole te Ee oe 000 149)| Experiment Station W ork—X KX = 2205) 222222 eee a ee oe eee 30, 000 1504) \@GlearingaNiew Iuand= 3-2-2. 2-2. bse = oe ee eee ee ee ee 30, 000 TSE |) WD Feien ps bayeg tes EVs y Store ay eS a es So Se sa etEe , 000 152 -| ‘Scathiesvim Ca thloscee 2s ee ee CE Ee ee ee 35, 000 153 | Orchard Enemies. in-the Pacifie North weste-—-- = 22 s— ee 80, 000 1549))"Che Home Wruit( Gand ones esse ee eee 30, 000 155 | How Insects Affect Health in Rural Districts_---.-_---_---.-_---2-= 2 - = 5 80, 000 Notalys 22. = =)2e $522 soeeh Se cde eee ee eee eee ee ee 575, 000 Farmers’ Bulletins contributed by Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices, 1902. Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices. New. | Beate) poe Secrotary 75 Officers cas ee ee ee 4 | 80, Buredan of Anima lin Gas tiv se ee See ae 5 38 | 1,115,000 Division of Biological Survey,---2) = 2.2 2 |e | 3 | 65, ( iBureatsol Chemistry: 2822-5 See ee eee ee eee 2 6) 185, 000 Divasion of Entomology 2-<-— 22-0 asa ea se eae eee | 3 19 | 510, 000 Offceoi Px perimentis wa tlONS es a ee ee ee { 5 89 2,170,000 IBureai Of HOrestrys-- - oes oo a aeons Seen oe eo gee ee eee il Si 100, iBurean of Plant Industry- =. 2-2 2-5-2 = ooo ea a ee Sen ee ee 5 51 | 1,290,000 iIDsvasion Ol Publications ~ 2 /25.,<.22222 2-206 a eeeaee eee ee nene aes 1 11 | 315, 000 OfficdlofsPablic Road inquiries == 52: 22. 2s 22 ee eee eee ee 1 4 | 140, 000 BTIreMIO GS Ole eee oe Soak 8 ke ey ee ae ee ee ae eee 6 | 140, 000 iWreathoriburedueee.. 9) 2 3.2 RE Ba ease ale cee ncoceeceeeeen| =e eee 2 | 40, 000 TO baler ee ae eet ee ee eae cabo aoa es eee 23 6,150, 600 Number of copies of Farmers’ Bulletins issued (Nos. 1 to 155) and number distributed to Members of Congress, 1894-1902. Total num-| Congres- Date ber of cop- | sional dis- ‘ | ies issued. | tribution. Tere tose {roy tees ene 2 ke oe 8 ee se es Rene RS RES SoS a peSee oe 540: 000) 32-2 Areal Foyt | SR ope ie a ed Se oe oe ee ee eee 278/500) 2 eee Tl BO ae ee a epee eens 8 Ty Ne Se i eee See oe os eee ee eases 1,567, 000 885, 770 Ara SOG ee See CR Pe 2 Sa nye gee 1,891, 000 1,316, 695 cults: (eae ieee ee oe eee Se eee eee ee 2,387,000 1, 967, 237 TPivgke stele Souk ate Cte ga, hah me GOES SRE IA a silo Sok ek TERS. 3 2,170,000 | 1,580,065 MSO <2 = RS a SL a ee a a Se be los eee ee ee eae 2, 487,000 1, 101, 985 Tr OOD ae pet Seer nme | aan St ee eee ae 2,360, 000 1, 666, 909 ra OO US eS 2 eS Ba A ee ee ae eee oe 3, 345, 000 2,195,010 Priya O02 ee = ED Sn Ee nS Sree on oc Sa eae ee eae 6, 150, 000 4, 289, 126 TiO tele s eehy ra te D2 oro SS ae ee ee 23,125,500 | 15,002,797 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. 329 New Farmers’ Bulletins issued each year from 1895 to 1902, inclusive. Number oO bulletins. Appropriations for the fiscal years 1902 aud 1903, Appropriations. 1902. 1903. Rr SiSU NERD FS ROL ae eee ete ee ta es ans oe era Ieee Bae ee eee $25, 020 $28, 820 Bearicrerd ly apeth oy Wee IG eS ee Se Se ee eee ee en eee eee ee 110,000 | @ 155,000 Graneralprinfinm tnndndencienG ype 2) eo ne ae ee ee 20" O00 anne Preparation and printing of Farmers’ Bulletins -------_. --.-_------------------ 107, 500 107,500 AIrhIctS aL DORGLS an Goma LOmial fan ee 8 ee as ee eee 63; 000) Artists, laborers, and material fund, deficiency ---------------------------- ---- 15,000) = RS MinambrniGine andl tera ilOUs. 5 es ee ee eae ee 2,000) |e == Additional assistants, artists, draftsmen, ete -__-_--------------- es PST ee oe pene eS | 12,500 Labor, material, wagon, horses, rent of building, ete -_._-.-.------------------|---------- 80, 000 HOTEL es al Se ines a eo ey ey Sie pe ea Br ap NE ee SS 343, 020 383, 820 a Exclusive of $20,000 for the Weather Bureau. Expenditires under general appropriations for fiscal year ended June 30, 1902. - General EEL T na Tea FHT) DES ee a ie |= ee ae ena ee ee $128, 194. 71 Preparation and printing of Farmers’ Bulletims--:_-_-_--_----------. 107, 363. 05 IAT hiShS ee LADOLetS and niaterialshund G: =" 27 ee Sees Sea 72, 480. 36 inennor Paling ane AlleraintOns <5. see Lt te) Sek BEL Ate 2,454. 60 FRGy Gel eee eS es eS Nye Se eS ee es 310, 492. 72 Expenditures for printing and binding, total and by funds, 1902. TOTAL EXPENDITURES. Divisional publications paid from general fund _-_ -_------------ ---- $92, 435, 34 Divisional publications paid from special funds -_______--__---------- 27. 746. 06 Blank books. blank forms, etc., paid from general fund _-_-_--______. 13, 066. 53 Blank books, blank forms, etc., paid from special funds--___________- 556. 30 Branch office (all work) paid from general fund __-___--------------- 22, 692. 84 Farmers’ Bulletins paid from Farmers’ Bulletin fund____---------- 98, 816. 7 dN ty |e Sad eae ee wr eats RS al Re eee Bee SLs 255, 313. 83 EXPENDITURES BY FUNDS. General printing fund ($130,000, exclusive of $20,000 for Weather Bureau): Expended for the various Bureaus, Divisions, and Of CC See ey are a ee eee Soy ee $105, 501. 87 Expended for printing at branch office for the various Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices-.-._..-.---------- 22, 692. 84 $128, 194. 71 «Of this appropriation, the sum of $5,500, which was made immediately avail- able, was used in paying for labor, material, etc., for fiscal year ended June 30, 1901, 330 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Farmers? Bulletinitund 222222225) = ek’ Dial Me ee AS PAS oe) Cae $98, 816.78 Divisional funds: BureatoreAmimnal indus trys. oa ee $4, 567. 67 Divasionio® Biolopical SuLveyse + esse eee ae a $19. 7 Divasion of Hutpmology === 29s ane eee ee 158.12 Office of Hxperiment Stations _--_-.22-- 222222222 == 8, 841. 06 Officeiot Horciene Markets =3=e=— == ae ee ae 2,385.18 Bureaujot Horeshry ele a eee 9, 838. 28 Bureautoreslanteindus tyes. os ee 952.7 Divasioniof statistics: 2-268. 22 ase eee eee ee 644.51 —_________ 28, 302. 36 ol ACG) cr2 Nak 9 ae a ie oe Bt cen PS Ne ied Bel erg sa ny xr eC ae 7 ee oa td 255, 313. 85 Expenditures from special fund of the Division. Expenditures during the year from the special appropriation for this Division, $63,000,¢ and deficiency appropriation $15,000; for artists and preparation of illustrations, for artists’ supplies, and for labor and materials in distribution of documents: lilustratine yineludine paysOlartiSts == ees ee eee $5, 846. 07 Maborainidistripudiomotd ocumentsees. see eee 59, 303. 94 Matennls for document Section] = — 2 a sa eee ee eee ee 6, 663. 44 Artists’ Suppliess- coc: s 5-22 se eet ee ee 666. 91 Tobales ae nba Re nS ee Oe ee ie ee ee 72, 480. 36 From fund for preparation and printing of Farmers’ Bulletins: Preparaiion-of Warmers’ Bulletins: -=22 52-2. 2-2-2226 ee 8, 546. 27 iPrintine se armers: iS ulle tins see se 98,816.78 of 10 Fi a ere Niet cy ha sP alain ahah ode Rie 5! spd BS The G8 107, 363. 05 From fund for rent and alteration of building: 3 Rentawages: andematerial se. ne eee ee ee a ee ee 2, 454. 60 GrandtOtales == eer ae ek es Se oe er ie ee eee 182, 298. 01 Requisitions on the main office by Bureaus, Divisions, Offices, etc., 1902. SEErevaty Ss OliGe S22 2=25 252. t seo ees Se eo ee ee 5 DivisionoreAccounts and Disbursements] sos. 2] > ae. aa ee 43 Bureaworeamimal Industry sei. = 2.654250 6222s ee = eee ee 134 Divisiomotesiol ocical Survey. - - pane ne ain Sere ee sean a ona Fase ae Soee ee sae ee Sone wee 3 2,000 Burcanmo@Animal industry: =. 32 Soe 3 at 25 a sg Ss es Se eae a 7 33, 000 Division of Biological Survey 6 7,100 Bureau of Chemistry - --------------------- 5 6, 000 Division of Entomology ------------------- 10 33, 000 Office of Experiment Stations --~.-._-.--...-.--------------- jee 4 8,000 ESET ERGO COLON LISV Cire ota oe one Seen Re oN ee eS een a ane 1 10, 000 IBHEAS OLE an G INATISEEY = on San 8 Se ee Sasa eee aes oe oe aceon 3 35, 000 Pisce DLICAIONS S25 9 sass See a eee eS eee eee eee een eee 17 792, 000 GinCe Ol EU pie BOad TNGUInIeS |. 225i. 5 aoe ee SS eee 2 eee | 6 40, 000 IBTPCHUGL SONS 300-2. 22 o ste ate ae ae Se eae oe A ee eee) sa ee 1 3,500 (BRRAREIR OE ALISO Sees or > ee OS aS oe re eee ee ee ea 4 11,100 LGD) See ke ey ee en ee Pee ne see ae oa ene ee eae } 67 980, 700 Total work done in the branch printing office, 1902 [Brey TNs ae Se TN a eS oe ee i a 1, 862, 600 Thetter Heads and note heads. -.__.... ___-.____ .-.-.--------- 2.228228 968, 544 (CHENG EY. oe Se Ee 5 SN ae ee eee eee ee ee Bent :_. 2,028, 751 CISC AT S NP ete ee ee ic BEA Peet oy oe ee eee 384, 675 [barney ie OE et, ee SEY Se 21s ee ee Se De ee ‘ 002, 280 Wabelsandesiap pin pntaeses = sete ele Ora a ee Se ee , 311, 628 TRS (al fae ed eA) ae Re ni PLS com eel oO We ae ee ee co a Bi ea eI 0° 889. 450 Nina halasameraunor Tists: 222558 oo ce cee es Je eee 821,518 Grreiieie pntels 2) See. Pe 2 ae ae es ee eee 41,000 Circularilettersiand othermoticess. 2224 25-2 = ee ee 452, 965 Miscellaneous = ----+.-=-+--- 22=_---- -----==- BB ee ee eee Cary ye 997, 493 AR bey eee 8, 2 ex een) 5g rd = aw ae YS, 22,715, 904 INGE peIOLelegUistiONS se 900-5 ee 2 eee ee See 2,500 mi beror mequisiitons, 19Gb see: 28 SS eee PS 2,092 NmmpGr Of pieces. Of wOlk, lOO) 525596 eS 2 ese ee _ 15, 267, 472 Requisitions on the branch office by Bureaus, Divisions, Offices, etc., 1902. SSerenmiaes OMe neo eet Jas Sen oe CO 4 ae see ae ae eee 3 DivisioMmoL A ccounisand Disbursements 5 22 a wee eee es 45 pULcanomATI Mal ind Ushiye a 9) pes" poe = eS: ee ee a ee 233 Divisidn ofeerolorical Survey et a es ee ee i eee. SAE oe 68 Bureaulor Chemistry sas. S22 de cae aa ee ee oe ee ee 129 DivisiontonmemLOMmologye-- a sis see Se st eo Ne ee eee ee Se 68 Oficeiof Pxperiment Stations]! 7s © eS Ss) ee = es ee 269 Section of Foreign Markets ---________- Sb NT eS ee 18 BuEreawor POrestry. "42222 2 one ES Pen a 8 Se Ne 2 125 pray as ee Se ee JE Se ee he pee ae Ee eee 45 Bureanon clantindustry-—_-- —=-—— Oi 2S ee eee ee 766 Divisiomomeublications® -_ ee 5 ee ee eee 188 Office! of-Bubplic; Road: Inquiries 2-5. 2. Se eee aR BureawiofSoilge ts as ae a ee See ee 73 DivislOmObOuahistiCseas -2~ 22 ees es oe Re a ee eee 296 Appointment Clerk <.-22_..--.-.2-. Pee ELE we Se Bid No ee) ee 130 Miscellaneouse 22-4 sae ee ee Se SS a Gk oe ee a 91 TROtAle = Ge. ah ees = oo aE RAE oe ee ie Se ee 2.500 @anceledty see. ase Sake ye eee = Bo EUS BG ee ae te ee ee 50 «Extra copies. All the composition of 12 editions of Crop Reporter, 8 pages each, was done in the branch printing office. 332 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Illustration work, 1902. Drawings, retouching photographs, photographing on wood, etc., made by thejartistsanthesDivasion of Publications==9.-— 9 <= a) eee 2, 933 W oothentrayings 2. e-. . 2cn oy ee ee 25 Requeststforduphicate:electrotiy pes _ 24242 2s ee ee 223 Duplicate electrotypes furnished to correspondents on request____________. 1,330 Requisitions andsaubhorizations =) = eens ae) 2). See Sees AG Illustrations printed or published (not including reprints) -_..-...-.-.--_- 2, 648 Nianber and cost of illustrations by Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices, 1901. Amount | Amount chargeable Tilustra-| Cost of chargeable to Division Bureaus, Divisions, and Offices. eee illustra- to divi- of Publi- Seameen| ONS sional cations’ | | funds. illustra- | tion fund. Bureauiot Animal Industry soc. sa5-2 2 seen see eee 33 | $136. 23 $134. 48 $1. 80 Division of Biological Survey 15 31.52 31. 02 | 50 Bures tol Chemis tr yeeros ce eee ee re eee 7 16564,|S2 eos eee 16. 64 iD riralsi(osol Gye IBlaynopoo(olloyeay ons ULL 0) LT eae ee | 9 | 21.48 248 le Sea Office of Experiment Stations__...-.-._..____.---.--.- il my a Ee 15 urea Of HOrestry cass cease eo see eee ean eee ee 12 13.31 9.75 | 3.56 iBureauiof -Plantinadusity ees 2 ee 7 379. 10 346. 37 32.73 Division Of Publica HONS sues a5 en eee eee ene | 187 14400") 2 eee eee | 144. 00 Officeiof Public Road inquiries -2= ees ee 32 61. 30 61.30) 2 eee IBUPCATLOP SOUS! = se fae ee eee ene ere eee 29 54. 53 51. 44 3.09 ETO bel eee Se re Oe ey ee ES ye tee 400 858. 86 655. 79 203. 07 ‘Artists Suppliesites. sa i Sees so a ee ee ee 666891; Ee ees eee 666. 91 (AT EIStS SAIATIOS :- ssi ee eae Reprint, April, 1903-2 ake SS eee ee 335 Copies. 10, 000 39, 000 30, 000 10, 000 40, 000 30, 000 10, 000 30, 000 30, 000 10, 000 20, 000 10, 000 10, 000 300 300 30, 000 25, 000 30, 000 30, 000 30, 000 20, 000 30, 000 30, 000 336 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Trichinosis in Germany. Part I. General Remarks on Trichinosis in Germany. By Ch. Wardeli Stiles, Ph. D. Part II. A Statistical Review of Trichinosis in Germany During the Eighteen Years 1881-1898. By Ch. Wardell Stiles. Ph. D. Part III. European Cases of Trichi- nosis of Alleged American Origin. By Ch. Wardell Stiles, Ph. D. Part IV. Bibliography of Trichinosis in Germany. By Albert Hassall, M.R.C.V.S. Pp. 211. Bulletin No. 30. December, 1901. Price, 15 CONUS S28 SSeS Rd A Ee Oe eee ee ere ee eee Plant Poisoning of Stock in Montana. By E. V. Wilcox, Ph. D., Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. iii, 91-121, pls. 138, figs.2. (Reprint from the Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry, 1900.) > December; 190i e222 2952s eee as Sr A elk ee ners eee eens Butter Making on the Farm. By C. P. Goodrich, Dairy Instructor, Farmers’ Institute Department, University of Wisconsin. Under supervision of the Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry. Pp. 16, Farmers’ Bulletin No. 57. (Reprint.) December, 1901 ___________- i Reprint, May 01902 2. 22 2 2 be Gee ee ae eine Lee eee Care of Milk on the Farm. By R. A. Pearson, B. 8., Assistant Chief of Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry. Pp. 40, figs. 9. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 63. (Reprint.) December, 1901-23852 SS ae Reprints May 202 ae reese ee ee Ieee See See ie « Lane ee Some Essentials in Beef Production. By Charles F. Curtiss. Director of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station. Pp. 24, figs. 17. Farmers’ BulletinsNon as aGReprint.) December, 1901 ae ae eee Report of the Chief of the Bureanof Animal Industry for 1901. By D.E. Salmon. Pp. iii, 15-42. (From Annual Reports, Department of Agri- culture.) ..Jianuary-.1902 =. S42 Sao 5 2 at es ee eee Facts About Milk. By R. A. Pearson, B.S., Assistant Chief, Dairy Di- vision, Bureau of Animal Industry. Pp. 29, figs.8. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 425 “(Reprint.)\ January. 190272: 2 hee os eee Reprint; June. W902s i Se 6 Sere ae ee ee eee Rabies: Its Cause, Frequency, and Treatment. By D. E. Salmon, D. Vv. M., Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Pp. 211-246. (Reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1900.) February, POOD:.. eke dne. Fee aie Be TELE ae 0k = See ie Een eo te ee ee Market Milk: A Plan for Its Improvement. By R. A. Pearson, M. S., Assistant Chief of Dairy Division. Pp. iii, 158, 198. pls. 10. (Re- printed from the Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry. 9005) eh ebruaiy. 1902B2 2. a ee ee eee Dairy Products at the Paris Exposition of 1900. By Henry E. Alvord, Chief of the Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry, in charge of the United States Animal Industry Exhibit at Paris. Pp. iii, 194-222. (Reprinted from the Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry, 1900.) February, 1902_- ASE TI 2 Ss ae Aragorn eee Verminous Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, and Goats in Texas. By Ch. War- dell Stiles, Ph. D., Zoologist of Bureau of Animal Industry. Pp. iii, 396-379. ( Reprint from Seventeenth Annual Report of Bureau of Adimaleinductey: 16000) Bebruaarys 002. 2 9-5 a ae ee Conformation of Beef and Dairy Cattle. By Andrew M. Soule, Professor of Agriculture, and Vice-Director of Tennessee Agricultural Experi- ment Station. Pp. 44, figs.49. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 143. February, 1S |) nt i Ses eee ee memes te a Ll Reprnt. October, W901). ©. We. YAR - oka eee ae ee, eee Report of the Acting Chief of the Biological Survey for 1901. By T.S. Palmer. Pp. iii, 151-162. (From Annual Reports, Department of Agri- culture: )- January, S902 22865 .. G Rees Ee Sait ea ee aa Bee ie Directions for the Destruction of Prairie Dogs. By C. Hart Merriam, Chief, Biological Survey. Pp. 2. Circular No. 32. Revised edition. Hebruary< 1902.28) 25 Dee ae Ne ii ee te te GS ee Legislation for the Protection of Birds. By T.S. Palmer, Assistant Chief, BiologicalSurvey. Pp.148. BulletinNo.12. Revisededition. March, 1902:"Price;- 10 cents 22% ti ena LE ee eae ES nee Directory of State Officials and Organizations Concerned with the Protec- tion of Birds and Game, 1902. “By T.S. Palmer, Assistant Chief, Bio- logical Survey. Pp. 10. Circular No. 35. April, 1902072 A Sabet Importation of Reptiles into Hawaii. P.1. Circular 36. May, 1902 -__- Protection and Importation of Birds under act of Congress approved May 25, 1900. Pp. 6. Circular No. 29. (Reprint.) June, 1902 - Regulations for the lmportation of Eggs of Game Birds for Propagation. Pps (CircularNows ie esiumesslO0 Pie aes, uae eee eee ena Two Vanishing Game Birds: The Woodcock and the Wood Duck. By A. K. Fisher, Ornithologist, Biological Survey. Pp. iv, 447-458, pls. 2, figs. 3. (Reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for LOOLS) PIM) | LIOR ee eI Bes DL EE TT 2a ES Ae pet BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. Exhibit of the Bureau of Chemistry at the Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo, N. Y.,1901. Prepared under the direction of Harvey W. Wiley, Chief of Bureau, by E. E. Ewell, W. D. Bigelow, and Logan Waller Page. Pp. 29, pls. 4. Bulletin No. 68. August, 1901. Price, 5 cents_ The Selection of Materials for Macadam Roads. By Logan Waller Page, Expert in Charge of Road Material Laboratory, Division of Chemistry. Pp. iii, 349-856. (Reprinted from the Yearbook of the U.S. Depart- ment of Agriculture tor 19003)" eA odtiste oto Olen ae eee The Use and Abuse of Food Preservatives. By W. D. Bigelow, Assist- ant in Charge of Food Investigations, Division of Chemistry. Pp. ii, 551-568. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for TOOO>) Aces tis pl OO aye a ee ae ret eee Secret de eee er foe eee i Sorghum Sirup Manufacture. By A. A. Denton, Medicine Lodge, Kans. Pp. 40, figs. 26. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 135. September, 1901... ____- Reprint, October, <1901 tae ae a LS ee ae eee eee eee eee Reprint, . Many 1902 = sass eee a ae eee ee ee a Composition of Maize (Indian Corn), Including the Grain, Meal, Stalks, Pith, Fodder, and Cobs. Compiled chiefly from the Records of the Division of Chemistry, by H. W. Wiley, Chemist of the Department of Agriculture. Pp.31. Bulletin No.50. (Reprint.) October,1901. Price, 5) IU Shs Santee Oe ee PE Sager Ut ca ke ee meget Official Method for Analysis of Tanning Materials. By H. W. Wiley, Chief of Bureau and Secretary A. O. A.C. Pp.2. Circular No. 8, Bureau of Chemistry., November, 1901-2522 fe22 32 22 2ese weet eee oe See Copies. 3, 000 2,000 1, 000 8, 000 3, 000 3, 000 3, 000 10, 000 30, 000 30, 000 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. The Sugar Beet: Culture, Seed Development, Manufacture, and Statistics. By H. W. Wiley, Chief of the Bureau of Chemistry, and formerly Direc- tor of the Department Sugar Beet Experiment Station in Nebraska. Pp. 48, figs. 24. Farmers’ “Bulletin No. 52. Second revised edition. ING EI bers L D012 een te el Pe ee od Sea PO he See Household Tests for the Detection of Oleomargarine and Renovated Butter. By G. E. Patrick, Assistant in the Division of Chemistry. Pp. 11. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 131. (Reprint.) November, 1901____- IReprinte Mayet O0 2: sn olen Shi oe Sie § seer ea Ne te Rs eee eee ee Methods of Analysis Adopted by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, November 11, 12,and 14, 1898. Edited by Harvey W. Wiley, Secretary. Pp. 86. Bulletin No. 46. Revised. December, i901. Price, DECOTLS Rennes Ame as Mines FUR OAL RTE) Ske ee ancereaenaton: © SOREY aSere rs The Manufacture of Starch from Potatoes and Cassava. By Harvey W. Wiley, Chief of the Division of Chemistry. Pp. 48, pls. 8, figs. 17. Bulletin No. 58. (Reprint.) December, 1901. Price, 10 cents____- The Influence of Environment upon the Composition of the Sugar Beet. By Harvey W. Wiley, Chief of Bureau, in Collaboration with the Weather Bureau and the Agricultural Exper iment Stations of Indiana, Towa, Kentucky, Michigan, New York, Cornell University, North Caro- lina, Utah, and Wisconsin. Pp. 32, charts 3. Bulletin No. 64. Decem- ber 901 Rricesorcemtset <2 ee ee Sa e ee ee Report of the Chemist for 1901. By H. W. Wiley. Pp.ii,95-111. (From Annual Reports, Department of Agriculture.) January, 1902_ ae A Plan for Cooperating in the Study. of Available Piant Food. By ere Moore, In Charge of Soil Analysis Laboratory. Pp. 8, figs. 3. Circular INGO heeE ebriar yl 902. 6s 8 ee eae ee ee ee Insecticides and Fungicides: Chemical Composition and Effectiveness of Certain Preparations. By J. K. Haywood, In Charge of Insecticide and Agricultural Water Laboratory, Bureau of Chemistr y. Prepared under the direction of H. W. Wiley, Chief Chemist, cooperating with the Divi- sion of Entomology. Pp. 16. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 146. February, US DRE SR AIOe ak, Men et AE FARES oy 2 ee as Ue oe Ug tre _* seek POE ere 3 Reprints duneslOOe 2s oh ee ee ee as bese ee Pee Methods for the Analysis of Insecticides and Fungicides. By J. K. Hay- wood, In Charge of Insecticide and Agric ultural Water Laboratory. 1270) tee Circular Nov 02 Marcher 90 22s rere eee ee tee Lar ee eee Foods and Food Adulterants. Preserved Meats. Inv estigations Made under the Direction of H. W. Wiley, Chief of the Bureau of Chemistry. By W. D. Bigelow, with the Collaboration of Edward Mackay Chace, L. S. Munson, L. M. Tolman, and others. Pp. ix, 1375-1517, figs. 3. Bulletins Noss PartlOe Aprile 19025 ePrice=i0icentda so) aa ee Proposed Reforms in Fertilizer Inspection Laws. By H. W. Wiley, Chief of Bureau. Pp.4. Circular No.3. Second revised edition. April. 1902_ Amended Methods adopted at the Eighteenth Annual Convention of the. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. By William H. ae Referee on Foods and Feeding Stuffs for 1901. Pp. 3. Circular No. 7 April G02 ~ Sie: Seren ss ated SOM eet oe = Ue ee eae Provisional Methods for the Analysis of Foods Adopted by the Associa- tion of Official Agricultural Chemists, November 14-16, ‘1901. Edited by HS We Wiley, Secretary, with Collaboration of W. D. Bigelow, Referee on Food Adulteration. Pp. 169. Bulletin No. 65. May, 1902. Prices lOccentss 25259 Nee ee nS a SS Do See oe Soe Oe ee eee Influence of Environment on the Chemical Composition of Plants. By Dr. H. W. Wiley, Chief of the Bureau of Chemistry. Pp. ii, 299-818, figs. 3. (Reprint from the Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for LOOT ey Marys 1O08 _& v5.2 eS we sei peas - ow See es ee oe ee ee ee oe Memorial Exercises in Honor of the Late John A. Myers. Pp. ili, 65-74, frontispiece. (Reprinted from Bulletin No. 67, Bureau of Chemistry, U.S. Department of Agriculture.) June, 1902___...-_-_-__._----_--- DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. The Principal Household Insects of the United States. By L. O. Howard . and C. L. Marlatt. With a chapteron Insects Affecting Dry veers Foods. By F.H. Chittenden. Pp. 131, figs. 64. Bulletin ‘No. 4, new series. (Reprint:)) duly, 1901. Price, 10 conte --- == -- 5. == 5. -2 2-527 339 Copies. 20, 000 30, 000 1,500 1,000 1, 000 1,000 1, 000 340 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Notes on the Mosquitoes of the United States: Giving Some Account of their Structure and Biology, with Remarks on Remedies. By L. O. Howard, Ph. D., Entomologist. Pp. 70, figs. 22. Bulletin No. 25, new series: (Reprint.) July, 1901; Price, 5 cents{=.2=:255.- 28) ee : Smyrna Fig Culture in the United States. By L. O. Howard, Ph.) Entomologist. Pp. iii, 79-106, pls. 8, figs. 7. (Reprint from Yearb « . of Department of Agriculture for 1900.) July, 1901 The Scale Insect and Mite Enemies of Citrus Trees. By C. L. Marlatt, First Assistant, Division of Entomology. Pp. iii, 247-290, pls. 6, figs. 25. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1900.) Bimal ye, VQ 8 ay a eae NE a fp ie a = Pe rey gee Bee-Keeping. By Frank Benton, M.5., Assistant Entomologist. Pp. 32, figs. 19. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 59. (Reprint.) July, 1901_........-- Reprint, November; 100 lsca0e ta Hs abs Sie eee peer Tein Be, yeas oes Reprint une, 19022 ae se eee See eh ee ee ane eee nope Weta 9 Ue wb ataed The Life History of Two Species of Plant Lice Inhabiting both the Witch Hazeland Birch. By Theo. Pergande, Assistant Entomologist. Pp. 44, figs. 23. Bulletin No. 9, technical series. August,1901. Price, 5 cents. The Principal Insect Enemies of the Grape. By C. L. Marlatt, M. 5. (Reprinted from original plates from the Yearbook of the U.S. Depart- ment of Agriculture for 1896.) Pp. 23, figs. 12. Farmers’ Bulletin No. TOsy¢ (Reprint.)i7 Aueust; 1901 2a or Be ee he ee ee oe eee eee eee Reprint, January, 002.28 ancteie. “ee te ato tie y te es a ee The Principal Insect Enemies of Growing Wheat. By C. L. Marlatt, First Assistant Entomologist. Pp. 40, figs. 25. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 132. (Reprint.) August, 1901 Reprint, October, 1901 Reprint, diame: 1902). 2 hae Ue ay Re pe ed a gh ee a pe The Fall Army Worm and Variegated Cutworm. Prepared under the direction of the Entomologist by F. H. Chittenden, Assistant Entomol- ogist. Pp. 64, figs. 11. Bulletin No. 29, new series. September, 1901. Pricé. ib !Centsss..5 ass Osan tke eee ee Ee ae Se ares yee ae = kiuiahe True Clothes Moths. (Tinea pellionella et al.) Pp. 8, figs. 3. Circular No. 36, second series. (Reprint.) September, 1901__..-__--.--------- Some Insects Injurious to the Violet, Rose, and other Ornamental Plants. A Collection of Articles Dealing with Insects of this Class. Prepared under the direction of the Entomologist by F. H. Chittenden, Assistant Entomologist. Pp. 114, pls. 4, figs. 29. Bulletin No. 27, new series. iRevased:editions) October. 1901: Priced Oicentsya32— sean ee Insect Enemies of the Spruce in the Northeast. A Popular Account of Results of Special Investigations, with Recommendations for Prevent- ing Losses. Prepared under the direction of the Entomologist by A. D. Hopkins, Ph. D., Vice-Director and Entomologist of the West Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station. Pp. 80, pls. 16, figs. 2. Bulletin No. Qsenew Seniesa October, 1901) ePrice, 1 0'cents eaess= == eee Some Miscellaneous Results of the Work of the Division of Entomoigy. V. Prepared under the direction of L.O. Howard, Entomologist. Pp. 98, pls. 2, figs. 29. Bulletin No, 30, new series. October, 1901. Price 5 COTES eas MEE ANE eh aah a oelaatld ly A SN pC A Sa eae a Some Insects Injurious to Stored Grain. By F. H. Chittenden, Assistant Entomologist. Pp. 24, figs. 18. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 45. Revised edition, (Reprint.) October, 1901- ReprintwWecemper, 1901 .+:. --). 0 2 ae Insects Affecting the Cotton Plant. By L. O. Howard, Ph. D., Entomol- ogist. (Reprinted, with revision by the author, from Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations.) Pp. 32, figs. 18, Farmers’ Bulletin No. 47. (Reprint.) October, 1901 Reprint@Decemiber,@901}2-. 2) ve ee gee Sa ee eee eee The Principal Insects Affecting the Tobacco Plant. By L. O. Howard, Entomologist. (Reprinted, with slight revision by the author, from the Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture for 1898.) Pp. 32, figs. 25. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 120. (Reprint.) November, 1901 -------- Three Insect Enemies of Shade Trees. By L. O. Howard, Entomologist. (Reprinted, with some annotations by the author, from the Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture for 1895.) Pp. 30, figs. 11. Farm- ers’ Bulletin No. 99. (Reprint.) December, 1901 Copies. 1,000 1,000 “1,000 10, 000 40, 000 20, 000 2, 000 10, 000 20, 000 10, 000 40, 000 30, 000 4, 000 5, 000 1, 000 4,000 4, 000 15, 000 25, 000 15, 000 15, 000 30, 000 25, 000 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. Important Insecticides: Directions for Their Preparation and Use. By C. L. Marlatt, M. S., First Assistant Entomologist. (A Revision of Farmers’ Bulletin No. 19.) Pp. 42, figs. 6. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 127. December 190i ak Se VN ees Uri SS ae pits eee eek Reprint.» May 10g acre © Ls te la, AM Re See oe ee oe eee Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Association of Eco- nomic Entomologists. Pp. 103, pls. 2, figs. 4. Bulletin No. 31, new series. January, 1902. Price 10 cents-_-__----.--- bey ee ed Se Jarring for the Curculio on an Extensive Scale in Georgia, with a list of the insects caught. By W.M.Scott and W. F. Fiske, Atlanta,Ga._ Pp. iii, 24-36, pls. 2.. (Reprinted from Bulletin No. 31, Division of Ento- mology, new series, Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Association of Economic Entomologists.) January, 1902-________- Report of the Entomologist for 1901. By L.O. Howard. Pp. ii, 141-150. (From Annual Reports, Department of Agriculture.) January, 1902_- The Peach Twig-Borer: An Important Enemy of Stone Fruits. By C. L. Marlatt, M.S., First Assistant Entomologist. Pp.16,figs.5. Farmers’ BimlletineNos cs Gheprinibs we cauiaanyen LO Oe meee pene = ere ee ee The Mexican Cotton-Boll Weevil. By Frederick W. Malley, M. Sc., Pro- fessor of Entomology, Agricultural and Mechanical College, College Sta- tion, Texas. Pp. 30, figs. 83. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 130. (Reprint.) AUT yin OO reer eet an ey See Seb dee eee vt? 18g ee ie Carbon Bisulphid as an Insecticide. By W. E. Hinds, Temporary Assist- ant of the Division of Entomology. Pp. 28. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 145. SMITTY 0 2 al eet Bae 2 lg ae ee 2d ee eas See = ee Roprininvounes (9024 2) 8 Shaw © ety 3 ne eee ee eee The Periodical Cicada in 1902. By W. D. Hunter, Investigator, Division of Entomology. Pp. 4, figs. 2. Circular No. 44, second series. March, O02 Saher AE nk we oral on gen D _nl } EEL ANG 9 bn BES berks 4 oe ae Insect Enemies of the Pine in the Black Hills Forest Reserve. An Account of Results of Special Investigations, with Recommendations for Preventing Losses. Prepared under the direction of the Entomologist. By A. D. Hopkins, Ph. D., Vice-Director and Entomologist of the West Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station. Pp. 24. pls. 7, figs. 5. Bul- letin No. 32, new series. April, 1902. Price 10 cents__-___....------- Canker Worms. By D. W. Coquillett, Assistant, Division of Entomology. Pp. 4. Circular No. 9, second series. (Reprint.) May, 1902____----- How to Control the San Jose Scale. By C. L. Marlatt, First Assistant Entomologist. Pp. 6. Circular No. 42, second series revised. May, A New Nomenclature for the Broods of the Periodical Cicada. By C. L. Marlatt, First Assistant Entomologist. Pp. 8. Circular No. 45, sec- ONG SSrISs weViay WLOOS Auer Moe? toa seme e ee oe ot Se See Insects as Carriers and Spreaders of Disease. By L. O. Howard, Ph. D., Entomologist. Pp. ii, 177-192, figs. 16. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1901.) May, 1902___-.--.------ eee Present Status of the Mexican Cotton-Boll Weevil in the United States. By W. D. Hunter, Special Agent, Division of Entomology. Pp. ii, 369- 380, fig. 1. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for LGOT Yo Miags 1902 8 Re neta | see 5h | eae eee Experimental Work with Fungous Diseases of Grasshoppers. By L. O. Howard, Ph. D., Entomologist. Pp. iii, iv, 459-470. figs. 8. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1901.) May, 1902-_- Some Insects Injurious to Vegetable Crops. A series of Articles Dealing with Insects of this Class. Prepared under the direction of the Ento- mologist, by F. H. Chittenden, Assistant Entomologist. Pp. 117, figs. 30. Bulletin No. 33, new series, Division of Entomology. June, 1902. PricedlOscentsepet= = 5 ye ees sa Ske opi tha er ie ce ee ee ae Principal Insects Liable to be Distributed on Nursery Stock. Prepared under the direction of the Entomologist. By Nathan Banks, Assistant Entomologist. Pp. 46, figs. 43. Bulletin No. 34, new series. June, 19025 @Price b.cents! 20. Ae ee 2 SU ee eee ee oe aa ee Hydrocyanic Gas Against Household Insects. By L. O. Howard, Ento- mologist. Pp. 4. Circular No. 46, second series. June, 1902---_----- The Bedbug (Cimex lectularius Linn.). By C. L. Marlatt, First Assistant Entomologist. Pp. 8, figs. 3. Circular No. 47, second series. June, LOO 2 kee ee et Bee Aen ae epee BE seh ae SOO eI OTE 541 Copies. 40, 000 20, 000 3, 000 2, 500 3, 000 3, 000 3, 000 342 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. The Silver Fish (Lepisma saccharina Linn.). By C. L. Marlatt, First Assistant Entomologist. Pp. 4, figs. 2. Cireular No. 49, second series. General Index to the Seven Volumes of Insect Life. 1888-1895. Pp. 145. (Reprint). June, 1902.. Price 5.cents 2.22.2 -22=-- 3. ee ee Orchard Enemies in the Pacific Northwest. By C. V. Piper, State Agri- cultural College, Pullman, Wash. Pp.39,fig.1. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 153. (Jumeyel902 so. acc ee Be ee SE et ee ee How Insects Affect Health in Rural Districts. By L. O. Howard, Ento- mologist. Pp. 20, figs. 16. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 155. June, 1902___- OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. Experiment Station Record. (A condensed record of the contents of the bulletins and reports issued by the Agricultural Experiment Stations of the United States, and also a brief review of agricultural science of the world.) Price, 10 cents each. WO, O15 INIoy Tile Leto rab, WOES), dhl UWS oe poles on Viol exh Noms sepavai 1100) Awe ust 00 eee eee Vol, Sat Nowe ee bpeix 01-200 Se Atio ast wld (lanes eee ree ee Vol. XII, No. 1. Pp. vi, 1-100. September, 1901. (Reprint) ------ Viol SXGEaNond 2 sep exiled Ol 1189°s October. 190 laa sea eee Vol. XIII, No: 3: Pp. 1x, 201-300, figs. 2. December, 1901=---- 22-2. Vol. XIII, No. Rp vides0l 400K Jamuearay, 902 es eee eee ees Vol. XIII, No. ! Svan 4 O1= 500s Hebruary, 1902s =a ene Vol. XIII, No. Vol. XIII, No. Pp; x4; 605-704.4 April) 1902. 2. = 5. eee Wolk, 00h, NO, Sk Leet, OSG, jones et 2 EES EN) The Effect of Severe and Prolonged Muscular Work on Food Consump- tion, Digestion, and Metabolism, by W. O. Atwater, Ph. D., and H. C. Sherman, Ph. D.,and the Mechanical Work and Efficiency of Bicyclers, by R. C. Carpenter, M.S. Pp. 67, figs. 3. Bulletin No.98. July, 1901. Price (Cents aoe at ee Sees i Wasa CEA Oe SARITA ai aps | Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Convention of the Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations, held at New Haven and Middletown, Conn., November 13-15, 1900. Edited by A. C. True and W. H. Beal, for the Office of Experiment Stations, and H. H. Goodell, for the Executive Committee of the Association. Pp. 19> SBulletinyNo.99)=) july. 1901 serice, lbicents sss sea = se aera ihopmne October, LOOM. 8. Sa Pa PE SEES Ee Pee eee oe eee The Value of Potatoes as Food. By C. F. Langworthy, Ph. D., Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. iii, 337-348. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1900.) July, 1901_.-_._.___--.-_----.. Practical Irrigation. By C. T. Johnston, C. E., and J. D. Stannard, Assistants in Irrigation Investigations, Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. ii, 491-512, figs. 9. _ (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Aoriculiuredormouo.)9. duly, L908. . 2 28 ee ee eee Sheep Feeding.- By John A. Craig, Professor of Animal Husbandry in the University of Wisconsin. (Under the supervision of the Office of Experiment Stations.) Pp. 24. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 49. (Reprint.) ID Or kg | Experiment Station Work—XI. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. A.C. True, Director. Pp. 32,figs.6. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 103 (Roping) s sulyrl90R 30°) > se ee Se ee Reprine;@etober 1901.0 0. 22S Se ae ee eee Experiment Station Work—XIII. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. A.C. True, Director. Pp. 32, figs.3. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 1Oj-eGReprings)s ouly, LOOL: J. °° 2 SUL a ee eee eee Reprint November, 1901. -_/. 22a eee we ig RES ORNS at CARIES Rise and Future of Irrigation in the United States. By Elwood Mead, Expert in Charge of Irrigation Investigations, Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. iii, 591-612, pls.5. (Reprinted from the Yearbook of the U.S. Department of Agriculture for 1900.) August, 1901._.....------ Copies. 3, 000 500 30, 000 30, 000 5, 000 5, 000 5, 000 500 5, 000 5, 000 5, 000 5, 000 5, 000 5, 000 5, 000 3, 000 1, 000 500 3, 000 3, 000 10, 000 40, 000 30, 000 20, 000 10, 000 30, 000 10, 000 » 39, 000 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. Reprinted from Bulletin No. 99. Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Convention of the Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations: Whatisof Most Worth in Modern Education? By J.E.Stubbs, M. A., D.D., President of the School of Agriculture of the Nevada State University and Director of the Nevada Experiment Stations. Pp. 32-10 PAG oUste lOO ese =e iN oe gat hile) tid Beds ¢ Wea Rah ap ey ab Eide nf American Agricultural Experiment Stations. By W.H. Jordan, D. Sc., Director of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva ce pusecol es AUSUSL hOOIE 2 see 36 Se. Seine ae ere ee The Connecticut Experiment Station. By W. O. Atwater, Ph. D., Professor of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, and Director of the Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station. Pp.51-54. August, 1901_ The Legislative Career of Justin S. Morrill. By G. W. Atherton, LL. D., President of Pennsylvania College. Pp. 60-72. August, AICO YG at eb a a ct ep act typhi Ah Dua Sie An Sen meet the ge General Drift of Education at the Land-Grant Colleges. By J. K. Patterson, Ph. D., President of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky. 74101. August, 1901 _-..._....-.-.---_---- . Methods of Experimenting with Cigar-Wrapper Leaf. By E. H. Jenkins, Ph. D., Director of the Connecticut Agricultural Experi- ment Station, New Haven. Pp. 102-105. August, 1901____._____- Burley Tobacco: Its Growing and Curing. By M. A. Scovell, M.5., Director of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. Pp. LOG NO8se VA ost aa GOI Be ea = Pe ee Se ee eee tae ee Available Energy of Food and Body Material. By W. O. Atwater, Ph. D., Professor of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, and Director of the Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station. Pp.112-116. August, IST ae Sa ig en Sap ga ely Sale el pk ae Soiree eee AE OD Se sr pa Ba pn irs ase) oe Cooperative Field Experiments. By E. B. Voorhees, D. Sc., Director of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station and Professor of Agriculture, Rutgers College. Pp. 116-120. August, 1901_____ Cooperative Dairy-Herd Tests. By C.S. Phelps, B. S., Professor of Agriculture, Connecticut Agricultural College, and Vice-Director and Agriculturist of the Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station. Ppl e0n lees AUP USt, LOO see ee yee te oe ee ae se Our New Agricultural Industry. By I. P. Roberts. M. Agr., Di- rector of the College of Agriculture and of the Agricultural Ex- periment Station, Cornell University. Pp. 124-126. August, 1901_- Plant Physiology in Relation to Horticulture and Agriculture. By A.F.Woods, Chief Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Pp. 127-181. August, 1901___- Laboratory Work in Horticulture. By E. 8. Goff, Professor of Hor- ticulture and Economic Entomology, University of Wisconsin, and Horticulturist of the Wisconsin Experiment Station. Pp. 182-154. ASUS S Gre 0) OL ee eee tee a ee a ee ee The Educational Status of Horticulture. By F. W. Card, M.S., Pro- fessor of Horticulture, Rhode Island College of Agriculture and Me- chanic Arts, and Horticulturist of the Rhode Island Experiment STE Oioy Neos TeV EAS yoy osturemi gC peewee Ree ee ee 5 = e University Extension in Agriculture at Cornell University. By John Craig, B. S., M. S., in Charge of University Extension Teaching in Agriculture and Horticulture, Cornell University. Pp. 137-138. A oasts, UO Olean eee ere ee ee een oe SE Deakins ited ahs The Function of the Station Botanist. By G. E. Stone, Ph. D., Pro-_ fessor of Botany, Massachusetts Agricultural College, and Botanist and Mycologist of the Massachusetts Experiment Station. Pp. 138— IEC aly vl Fo) spe 1) kneel le fia ate aa pe en oe Agito pp feces nee eye SEs Progress of Variety Testing in Experiment Station Work. By F. W. Rane, B. Agr., M. S., Professor of Horticulture and Forestry, New Hampshire College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, and Horti- culturist of the New Hampshire Experiment Station. Pp. 141-143. PSG, LOU se ea ye i ee ae nme er 343 Copies. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 344 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Reprinted from Bulletin No. 99—Continued. What Our Experiment Stations Have Done in Originating Varieties of Plants by Crossing, Selecting, etc. Abstract by B. D. Halsted, D. Sc., Botanist and Horticulturist, New Jersey Agricultural Col- lege Experiment Station, and Professor of Botany and Horticulture, Rutgers College. Pp. 148-144. August, 1901 _._._______________- Seed and Plant Introduction. By J. G. Smith, in Charge of Section of Seed and Plant Introduction, U. 8. Department of Agriculture. Ppelan 148." Aupust, WO0U ue hci y en oie maple, Lae eg cage ep eee eae Grass and Forage-Plant Investigations in the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture and the State Experiment Stations. By T. A. Williams, Assistant Chief, Division of Agrostology, U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture. Pp. 148-152. August, 1901 ._.____._.______ A Vegetation House Arranged for Pot Experiments, and Observations on the Banding of Trees to Prevent Injury by the Fall Cankerworm. By W. E. Britton, B. S., Horticulturist of the Connecticut Agricul- tural Experiment Station, New Haven. Pp. 152-153 and 160-161. PATIO USC: MOO Mes oe oe ae sa ek a alee na ea agate a ye ee ae Entomology in the Southern States. By H. Garman, Entomologist and Botanist of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. Pps, 153-1605) sAmeoust al OOM ese mest tet Woah ce epee le pe oes ae Suggestions Toward Greater Uniformity in Nursery Inspection Laws and Rulings. ByE. P. Felt, D. Sc., New York State Entomologist. Pp. 161-163. August, 1901 Experiences in Nursery and Orchard Inspection. By W. G. Johnson, M. A., Professor of Entomology, Maryland Agricultural College, and Entomologist of the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Sta- TaKovals leq Aan) pyeo ean, IN ee ee ee Nursery Inspection, and Notes on Crude Petroleum and Its Effects Upon Plants and Insects. By J. B. Smith, D. Sc., Professor of Entomology, Rutgers College, and Entomologist of the New Jersey Agricultural College Experiment Station. Pp. 165-166 and 176. HAAS tg AS 0 a ee Se eek ge ees a Recent Results with Hydrocyanic-Acid Gas for the Destruction of Insects in Large Buildings. By W.G. Johnson, M. A., Professor of Entomology, Maryland Agricultural College, and Entomologist of the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station. Pp. 166-170. ATISUSh. a OOM = 2 sent OLS 0: Ue Lye nee tos Se nee ee a een ah a eee The Danger to American Horticulture from the Introduction of Inju- rious Scale Insects. By G. B. King. Pp. 171-172. August, 1901 - Nursery Inspection and Orchard Insecticide Work in Illinois. By S. A. Forbes. Ph. D., Professor of Zoology, College of Agriculture of the University of Illinois, and Entomologist of the Illinois Agricul- tural Experiment Station. Pp. 172-176. August,1901..._._.____. A Little-Known Asparagus Pest, and A Power Sprayer for Asparagus. By F. A. Sirrine, M. S., Entomologist of the New York Agricul- tural Experiment Station, Geneva. Pp. 177-178. August, 1901__- Economic Entomology in Florida. By H. A. Gossard, M.S., Pro- fessor of Zoology and Entomology, Florida Agricultural College, and Entomologist of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station. Ppadlis—182h) PAs ust LOO) 2 ec Al Oe eet Some Observations Upon Artace puncti: striga. By H. A. Morgan, B.S. A., Professor of Zoology and Entomology, Louisiana State Uni- versity and Agricultural and Mechanical College, and Entomologist of the Louisiana State Experiment Station. Pp. 182-183, pls. 3 PANTS US tay 1D Ora Seve Se TL cae ce a pa The Relation of the Agricultural and Mechanical College to the State. By W. E. Drake, B.S., Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Rhode Island College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. Pp. 183-184. BNyb Fea b b=) rise U0) Maes > et Se ee ne GT GCE oe ily The Student of Mechanic Arts, An Apprentice. By J. D. Hoffman, M.E., Instructor in Wood Work, Purdue University. Pp. 186-189. August, LOO Se ere ee cheek ages. rr rr Meats: Composition and Cooking. By Chas. D. Woods, Office of ‘Experi- ment Stations. Pp. 39, figs.4. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 34. (Reprint.) ATU ES STO Lae Ee ee eS 1S 7 Reprint, October, 1901 ._.-.-.---- Leia coli a Det \cdss joe eee eee Copies. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0, 000 35, 000 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. Potato Culture. By J. F. Duggar, of the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 24, figs. 2. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 35. (Reprint.) eee 1901 _ inepring; October tag te.) ci e e ee Se ) ade Reprint, March, OSA es we LaukineRth AER e ork 4 te Seu Tos Fowls: Care and Feeding. By G. C. Watson, M.8., Professor of Agri- culture in Pennsylvania State College and Agriculturist of the Penn. sylvania Agricultural Experiment Station. Pp. 24, figs. 4. Farmers’ BulletimyNos ee (Reprinita)) Aucust. 1901-20. oe! ee eee He VRING BOC DEL yt Ula nine ee See! Oa Aye ~ RL hee ae e PeOP rings ama LO chr ta aes ORC 2) SS ce Ce akan Al teed! Experiment Station Work—I. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 31, figs.10. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 56. (Reprint.) JN OVATE UELDICR Le SS ae ered (eer Rabe be Otaer ty st Re yore tl a Reprints Jandary: 19026 Sones at Coe en Seer on Tere Experiment Station Work—II. Pp.32,figs.7. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 65. GReprints) me Asst: MOOI WHT M0 epi ees Teele per emereneed Mey Bn) aby Lind Reprint, annary( 1902 2. J) ke). sr ullee i natal enya J gl Vn ieee Ne Experiment Station Work—IV. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 32, figs.3. Farmers’ Bulletin No.73. (Reprint.) August, LO ON gaara sett ail a eey RUA: AGES eedope rks SF Maa Sn RN ON a PE RE eee Reprint WECaMmbershoOlh strbe pros 344 85a be) al Pope as A Report on the Work and Expenditures of the Agricultural Experiment Stations for the Year Ended June 30, 1900. By A. C. True, Director of the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp.181,pls.8. Bulletin No. 93. (Reprints) maiSepteniberss 90ii jog at ey ys ee Fourth Report on the Agricultural Investigations in Alaska, 1900. By C. C. Georgeson, M. S., Special Agent in Charge of Alaska Investiga- tions. Pp. 82, pls. 24. Bulletin No. 94. (Reprint.) September, 1901. TICS SOCeNtS eee. = Ee SAT yo beans tb A ies age oe Laer ee aaa Silos and Silage. By Charles S. Plumb. B.S., Professor of Animal Indus- try and Dairying in Purdue University and Director of the Indiana Agricultural Experiment Station. Pp. 32, figs. 10. Farmers’ Bulletin No o2-4¢Reprini.) poeptem ber al Wait) bets rier Ad oe sah ReprintyOctober aOOk eked ses Foe < RE eel ee eS eee oa) oe Corn Culture in the South. ByS.M. Tracy, M. Sa Pp. 24. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 81. ( pepe ) Seis lita = REE 2 etal iro ees Reprint, November, 1901- “ Pave ree Pee Soe Melt Reprintay May. +1002 ot- Beyer os / Paes al ie eT oak bee Experiment Station Work—VIII. Prepared in . the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 32, figs. 6. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 87. (Reprint.) Sep- GOUT STS iO (ilk ae pottepetk ae hEty nde r 5 Hy SE SA aE = eee I Caper y pers OP i Reprint s@Octopers 190M ose =e he Os 8 a ere ot ae Experiment Station Work—IX. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 30. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 92. (Reprint.) September, 1G 0 Teer ce ics mae iS ROFL see ALR ale ape ett". Sumner fj eveteg. mo Teeny here Reprint, October, Odes. 2. 62 2-2 Sl = ee EY _ ie ak rie ee Experiment Station Work—X. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 82, figs. 5. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 97. (Reprint.) Sep- tember, 1901 ast GL Pie oe ae. Be Sy ae Rae fy ad ht Shiney eae ee ReprntrOctoberyi901s 3k a2 ame Hee Soe ote ae 8 ee a ne Experiment Station Work—XVIII. Prepared in the Office of Experi- ment Stations. A.C. True, Director. Pp. 32, figs. 14. Farmers’ Bul- letin Nos 138s September. c1901) ees sek. Se ae eee ee Repnnt November, 190t 222_- 22 2 a Es erie ees ee ReprintaMarch)t 1902 i.) pat sees. APA bee Ty aE rye gee aan Report on the Agricultural Resources and Capabilities of Hawaii. By Wm. C. Stubbs, Ph. D., Director Louisiana Agricuitural Experiment Stations. Pp. 100, pls. 27. Bulletin No. 95. (Reprint.) October, L901.) “Prices.20cenitay: i< ee 2 Sass Bes. Sey Oe eee ae eee Leguminous Plants for Green Manuring and for Feeding. By E. W. Allen, Ph. D., Assistant Director of the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 24. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 16. (Reprint.) October, 1901___. ___- Peanuts: Culture and Uses. By R. B. Handy, of the Office of Experi- ment Stations. Pp. 24, fig. 1. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 25. (Reprint.) OGto bers 19 Oils see hae sw tek SEM pA AON ere ge aR yah EEE Reprint, August, 1902... .-_------ eesrees =): oor eer ee 345 Copies. 10, 000 35, 000 30, 10, 40), 30, 10, 30, 1 ie 10, 20, 15, 15, 20, 15, , 000 15, 000 000 000, 000 000, 000 900 5, 000 , 900 , 000 , 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 25, 000 or wo, 15, , 000 25 10, 30, 30, 000 000 000 000 , 000 000 , 000 , 000 346 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Souring of Milk and Other Changes in Milk Products. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 23. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 29. (Reprint:)s *October, 1901... 22.2 ae ee ee ee eee Cotton Seed and Its Products. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Sta- tions. Pp. 16. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 36. (Reprint.) October, 1901_ Kafir Corn: Characteristics, Culture, and Uses. By C. C. Georgeson, Professor of Agriculture in Kansas State Agricultural College. Pp. 12, fig. 1. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 37. (Reprint.) October, 1901 Reprint, October, 1901 Reprints January , 1902/62 Se ee ee a ee tee Onion Culture. By R. L. Watts, B. Agr., Instructor in Horticulture at the University of Tennessee and Horticulturist of the Tennessee Agri- cultural Experiment Station. Pp. 31, figs. 83. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 39:)0(Reprint.) “October O0tE: 52 e2 Sees ae eee eee Irrigation in Humid Climates. By F. H. King, Professor of Agricultural Physics, College of Agriculture, University of Wisconsin, and Physicist of the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station. Under the super- vision of the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 27, figs. 4. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 46. (Reprint.) October, 1901 _-_.----_.- ee Milk as Food. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 39, chart 1. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 74. (Reprint.) October, 1901 Reprint, October 190i or re aie a 2a ee gee Ce ee ee eee Tomato Growing. By Edward B. Voorhees, M. A., Director of the New Jersey Agric ultural Experiment Stations and Professor of Agriculture, Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J. Pp. 30. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 76. (Reprint. yy AOCT Ober WOO Us sss So he ee eee Reprint, Maiys, 19025. 2.95 25 he AI SE ee Tee aero ana ee gee The Liming of Soils. By H. J. Wheeler, Ph. D., Chemist of the Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Association. Pp. 20. Farmers’ Bul- letin No. 77. Revised. (Reprint.) October, 1901 Reprint; December) 1901 os Ras Cee aaa ee ee Experiment Station Work—V. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Sta- tions. Pp.32,figs.2. Farmers’ Bulletin No.78. (Reprint.) October, U OQ ae 2 ee Fe ee PTSD. Pee) es BE al ie eee ee ae eee Reprint, December, 1901 Reprint, March, 1902 Reprint; June; 1902. lars. Oo Sa eee Fish as Food. By Cue Langworthy, Ph. D., Office of Experiment Sta- tions. Pp. 30. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 85. (Reprint.) October, 1901_ Sugar as Food. By Mary Hinman Abel. Prepared under supervision of Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 27. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 93. (Reprint. ) October, 190l co es ee Ree aE aban epee ae eee Irrigation in Field and Garden. By E. J. Wickson, M. A., Professor of Agricultural Practice, University of California, and Horticulturist of the California Agricultural Experiment Station. Pp. 40, figs. 18. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 138. October, 1901a2<. 22.522 ae Pee eee Reprint, December, 1901 Reprint, June; AGO) 2s Slee a ee ee eee ae Studies on Bread and Bread Making at the University of Minnesota in 1899 and 1900. By Harry Snyder, 1D, S.. Professor of Chemistry, College of Agriculture, University of Minnesota, and Chemist, Agricultural Experiment Station. Pp. 65, pls. 3, fig. 1. Bulletin No. 101. Novem- ber, A901.’ Price, 10:conts: es te eee Ee ee eee ee ee ee Reprint, January, 1902.02 2 a ee eee Experiments on Losses in Cooking Meat. 1898-1900. By H.S. Grindley, D. Se., Associate Professor of Chemistry, College of Science, Univer- sity of Illinois, with the cooperation of H. McCormick, M.8., and H.C. Porter,M.S. Pp. 64. Bulletin No. 102. Price, 5 cents. Novem- ber THlOOIe 2s. soko kk sc oe Bee ee Oe eprint, January, (1902. 2 ee Se ee eee Inspection Work of the Agricultural Experiment Stations in the United States. Pp. 465-487. (Reprinted from The Agricultural Experiment Stations in the United States, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of Experiment Stations Bulletin No. 80. \ WNoyembers190| Barnyard Manure. By W.H. Beal. of the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 32, figs. 7. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 21. (Reprint.) November, UOO 1 ey 5 ee Ue a Oe Cee IB Se Lk eee cog ee Reprint, April. AQ0 Ceres a ae ok oS ee a wo Copies. 20, 000 20, 000. 10, 000 5, 000 25, 000 20, 000 20, 000 15, 000 25, 000 39, 000 20, 000 10, 000 15, 000 15, 000 20,000 30, 000 20,000 40, 000 35, 000 10, 000 30, 000 20, 000 4, 000 1, 000 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. The Feeding of Farm Animals. By E. W. Allen, Ph. D., Assistant Direc- tor of the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 44. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 22. . (Revised edition.) November, 1901____._. -..______..._ ._-- Reprint Pebruaryylo0ore aca: 39. Se Woe tree eee Se ot ied heprimnbe April el 902 e tyere = Sek ed er eed ee hay nt Commercial Fertilizers: Composition and Use. By Edward B. Voorhees, M. A., Director of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Stations and Professor of Agriculture in Rutgers College. Under the super- vision of the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 24. Farmers’ Bulletin INO: 442, (Reprint:)). November, 190); | -22. 24 eee bse ix Reprint sNovemberslOOUss: ay ayer ee gett ah | eee 2 Ae The Manuring of Cotton. (Condensed from an article by H. C. White, Ph. D., in Bulletin No. 33, of the Office of Experiment Stations.) Pp. 16. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 48. (Reprint.) November, 1901_.________ IReprintaune 1902-2. oobi eel ee i ee ed Experiment Station Work—VI. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 28, figs. 2. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 79. (Reprint.) November lOO = 25 ee ake 1. Se ee Be yee ks eh tea Farmers’ Reading Courses. (Abridgment of Bulletin No. 72, Office of Experiment Stations, by L. H. Bailey.) Pp. 20. Farmers’ Bulletin Nol09:5) (heprint.): November: 1001.2. a2 8: 8 te Sa ee ERED EIN eh TT spl Oe ea ere se ee cee ca ee ee ee ye Experiment Station Work—XVII. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. A.C. True, Director. Pp. 32, figs. 6. Farmers’ Bulletin Nost24ae(Reprint.)i= November 1901.23 3. 2 aie be ee Eggs and Their Usesas Food. By C. F. Langworthy, Ph. D. Prepared under the Supervision of the Office of Experime ntStations. A.C. Tr ue, Director. Pp.32. Farmers’ Bulletin No.128. (Reprint.) November, i STO) ee 2 NS, SS Ue Ee pa ate eee ee es A eae oe Sat eer Ss Reprint, Mary. W902 -a..tied roe ee See se pe et ae ee hee Report of Irrigation Investigations in California, under the direction of Elwood Mead, assisted by William E. Smythe, Marsden Manson, J. M. Wilson, Charles D. Marx, Frank Soulé, C. E. Grunsky, Edward M. Boggs, and James D. Schuyler. Pp. 411, pls. 29, figs. 16. Quarto. Cloth. Bulletin No.100. December,1901. Price, $1.25; paper. 90 cents_ Trrigation in the United States. Testimony of Elwood Mead, Irrigation Expert in Charge, before the United States Industrial Commission, June 11 and 12,1901. Pp. 47, pls. 12, fig. 1. Bulletin No. 105. (Re- printed from Report of United States Industrial Commission on aoe ee and Agricultural Labor.) Decémber, 1901. Price, 15 cents__ Bread vid the Pr inciples of Bread Making. By Helen W. Atwater. Pre- pared under the Supervision of the Office of Experiment Stations. A.C. True, Director. Pp. 39, figs. 3.. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 112. (Reprint.) DecempPert 190 lowes te a SM Fo ee ths Tee eh eae Et i Se Reprint May sl90 2) 5 Sta 5 a ee ee ee en Experiment Station Work—XIV. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. A. C. True, Director. Pp. 28, figs. 5. Farmers’ Bulletin No 14a (Reprints): + December, 90s nate ee ae re tt ee The Reservoir System of the Cache La Poudre Valley. By E. 5. Nettle- ton. Pp. 48, pls. 14. Bulletin No. 92. (Reprint.) January, 1902. Price :ihjeonts= .ntsst 2 Oe Fy eh ee ee ee ee Sees The Functions and Uses of Food. By C. F. Langworthy, Ph. D., Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 10. Circular No. 46. (Reprint.) Janu- ary, 190 25 R eee Be Bae. Se oy 0s eee! see Ee oe Report, of the Office of Experiment Stations for 1901. By A. C. True. Pp. iii, 175-233. (From Annual Reports, Department of Agriculture.) January elO02E Se ene bea 9 ae oid acer aay Sere apt ae ae an The Agricultural Situation in California. By Elwood Mead, Hrrigation Expert in Charge. Pp. iv, 17-69, 397-400, pls.6. (Reprinted from U.S. Department of ‘Agriculture Office of Exper iment Stations Bulletin 100, Report of Irrigation Investigations in California.) January, 1902- The Ash Constituents of Plants: Their Estimation and Their Importance to Agricultural Chemistry and Agriculture. By B. Tollens, Ph. D., Director of the Agricultural-Chemical Laboratory, University of Gét- tingen. Pp. ii, 207-220, 305-317, figs. 2. (Reprinted from Experiment Station Record, Vol. XIII, Nos. 3and 4.) January, 1902..-......_---- 347 Copies. 10, 30, 30, 000 000 000 , 000 10, OOO . 000 . 000 . 900 20, 000 20, O00 30. — 39, 30, oe) | 5, OOO 5, 000 O00 , 000 , 000 500 000 000 5, 000 500 , 000 000 500 200 348 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Experiment Station Work—III. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Sta- tions. Pp.82,figs.2. Farmers’ Bulletin No.69. (Reprint.) January.1902_ Irrigation in Fruit Growing. By E. J. Wickson. M. A.. Professor of Agricultural Practice, University of California, and Horticulturist of the California Experiment Station. Pp. 48, figs.8. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 116. “(Reprnt.) “January, 1902 9 2 eee ee eS eee Experiment Station Work—XV. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. A.C. True, Director. Pp. 31,figs.5. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 1195 “(@Reprint:) -‘January1902*=. ora eee ee Experiment Station Work—XIX. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. A.C. True, Director. Pp. 32,figs.9. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 144. Samuary 19022 Se Se ee TE ee oe Ea ee ae Reprint, ‘Aprils 1902 22s 6 ee Se A ek eo eee ee Chickens and Their Diseases in Hawaii. By T. F. Sedgwick, Agricul- turist, Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station.. Under the Super- vision of Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Department of Agri- culture. Pp. 23. Bulletin No. 1. Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station. .January.1902.. ‘Price,b cents 3c. 5 San. ee eee Nutrition Investigations Among Fruitarians and Chinese at the Cali- fornia Agricultural Experiment Station, 1899-1901. By M. E. Jaffa, M. §8., Assistant Professor of Agriculture. University of California. Pp. 43, pl. 1. Bulletin No. 107. February, 1902. Price, 5 cents______ Features and Water Rights of Yuba River, California. By Marsden Manson, C. E., Ph. D. Pp. iv, 115-154. pls. 3, figs. 4. (Reprinted from U.S. Department of Agriculture Office of Experiment Stations Bulle- tin 100, Report of Irrigation Investigations in California.) February, 1902 Pe Le ee Lae Shae BR es ee Irrigation Investigations on Cache Creek. By J. M. Wilson, C. a Agent and Expert, Irrigation Investigations. Pp. iv, 155-191, pls. 8. (Re- printed from U. "Ss. Depaitment of Agriculture Office of Experiment Stations Bulletin 100, Report of Irrigation Investigations in California. ) February, 1902} 222 2. 2c 0se) See es Ae SRE ee Se ae eee Reyort of Irrigation Problems in the Salinas Valley. By Charles D. Marx, Professor of Civil Engineering in Leland Stanford Junior Uni- versity. Pp. iv, 193-213, pls. 2, figs. 3. (Reprinted from U.S. Depart- ment of Agriculture Office of Experiment Stations Bulletin 100, Report of Irrigation Investigations in California.) February, 1902-----__-__- Problems of Water Storage on Torrential Streams of Southern California as Typified by Sweetwater and San Jacinto Rivers. By James D. Schuyler, Hydraulic Engineer. Pp. iii, 353-395, pls. 2. (Reprinted from U.S. Department of Agriculture Office of Experiment Stations Bulletin 100, Report of Irrigation Investigations in California.) Febru- ary, 1902.2. = ek re LS PPE, Bae ee eg ee Experiment Station Work—VII. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 32,figs.8. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 84. (Reprint.) Feb- ruary, [9022 2s 8 222 SR ie Ba hy J i ie a a Reprint, JUNE 1902 os) EE Se ee Experiment Station Work—XII: Pr epared in the Office of Experiment Stations. A.C. True, Director. Pp. 32, figs.4. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 405. “GReprint.) --Rebruary,dQ027) 9 |. oo. ae Se ie eee eee Report of Irrigation Investigations for 1900 under the Supervision of Elwood Mead, Expert in Charge of Irrigation Investigations. Inciud- ing Reports by Special Agents and Observers W. M. Reed, W. H. Code, A. J. McClatchie, W. Irving, J. M. Wilson, R. C. Gemmell. G. L. Swendsen, O. V. P. Stout, W. H. Fairfield. D. W. Ross, O. L. Waller, S. Fortier, and J. C. Nagle. Pp. 334, pls. 25, figs. 29. Bulletin No. 104. March, 1902. Price. 50 cents. --_____ Oates Trrigation Practice Among Fruit Growers on the Pacific Coast. By E. J. Wickson, M. A., Pr ofessor of Agricultural Practice, University of Cal- ifornia, and Horticulturist of the California Agricultural Experiment Station. Pp. 54, pls. 10, figs. 7. Bulletin No. 108. March, 1902. Price, LO GONtS! =.= 212) 2S le ee ee eee Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the American Asssociation of Farmers’ Institute Workers, Held at Buffalo, New York, September 18 and 19,1901. Edited by A. C. True and D. J. Crosby for the Office of Experiment Stations, and G. C. Creelman for the Association. Pp. 55. Bulletin No. 110. March, 1902. Price, 5 cents_....._.-..-----.-- Copies. 25, 000 20, 000 30, 000 30, 000 30, 000 5. 000 4, 000 500 500 500 40, 000 20, 000 35, 000 1,009 . 2, 500 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. The Irrigation Problems of Honey Lake Basin, California. By William E. Smythe, Vice-President of the California Water and Forest Associa- tion. Pp. iii, 71-113, pl. 1. (Reprinted from U. 8S. Department of Agriculture Office of Experiment Stations Bulletin 100, Report of Irri- gation Investigations in California.) March, 1902 _____- Irrigation from the San Joaquin River. By Frank Soulé, Professor of Civil Engineering in the University of California. Pp. iv, 215-258, pls. 3. (Reprinted from U.S. Department of Agriculture Office of Experi- ment Stations Bulletin 100, Report of Irrigation Investigations in Cali- LOLMIA® pee Vlareh- el (Zien es yee eee ei ea a an eee Ses ee Water Appropriation from Kings River. By C. E. Grunsky, C. E., City Engineer of San Francisco. Pp. iv, 259-325, pls. 4, figs. 5. (Reprinted from U.S. Department of Agriculture Office of Experiment Stations ree 100, Report of Irrigation Investigations in California.) March, UT) PAE eS Be ee aaa ee ee ee eee eee ee ae oe ee ere eee ess A Study of Water Rights on the Los Angeles River, California. By Edward M. Boggs. C. E., Consulting Engineer. Pp. iii, 327-351. (Re- printed from U.S. Department of Agriculture Office of Experiment Stations Bulletin 100, Report of Irrigation Investigations in California. ) WATCH re SO lps ee ere ee cen et) ear eer: or ay | he eek Principles of Nutrition and Nutritive Value of Food. By W.O. Atwater, Ph. D., Special Agent in Charge of Nutrition Investigations, Office of Experiment Stations. A. C. Tr ue, idirector. Pp. 48. Farmers’ Bul- loti NO sso Se Mar Chaat O02 tana She ye 2a eee ee Ie DEM ber Mayer O02 arena 6 ok tio ai ee Sle pas oe eed pee Sa The Evolution of Reaping Machines. By Merritt Finley Miller, Bachelor of Science in Agriculture of Ohio State University. Pp. 43, pl. 9, fig. 1. Bualletinpyowl0seseApril90 2.) oemGces Oi centgpe is oe ee Results of Investigations on Rothamsted Soils, Being the Lectures Deliv- ered Under the Provisions of The Lawes Agricultural Trust, by Bernard Dyer, D. Sc. (Lond.), F. I. C., F.C. S., F. L. 8., before the Association af American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations at New Haven and Middletown. Conn., in November,1900. Pp.180. Bulletin No. 106. April, 1902. Price, 10 COTES tie 6 oy at: Sete SG 8 aon Mh, py Experiments on the Metabolism of Matter and Energy inthe Human Body, 1898-1900. By W.O. Atwater, Ph. D.,and F. G. Benedict, Ph. D., with the Cooperation of A. P. Bryant, M. g.. A. W. Smith, M. S..and J. F. Snell, Ph.D. Pp.147. Bulletin No. 109. April, 1902. Price, 10 cents_ Or ganization Lists of the Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations in the United States, with a List of Agricultural Experiment Stationsin Foreign Countries. Pp. 130. Bulletin No. 111. May, 1902. Price, 10 COTE eras ie es ee ee Beh ee ee See a Key to Subject Index of Exper iment Station Literature. Pp. 3. Circu- lartNios Coe TOVAScO sm: Mayne OU 2a: Sek § ee gee een eee Some Problems of the Rural Common School. BycA. Colbie se be D= Director of the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. ii, 133-154, pl. 1. figs. 4. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for DOL: Jr Wea ecl O02 ose ese el eh yee epee Dietaries in Public Institutions. By W. O. Atwater, Ph. D.., Special Agent in Charge of Nutrition Investigations, Office of Experiment Stations. iP pets 393-408. (Reprint from Ye arbook of Department of Agriculture for 1901s) aM Oe a a Se aie eg eee oe Re A Cee eT ee ee Agricultural Investigations in the ea Possessions of the United States. ‘By Wate H. Evans, Ph. D., of the Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. ii. 503-526. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1901. ye Wie, UR eee Ee ae ee os ae RO ped ret eee ee Experiment Station Wor E—XVI. Pr epar ed in the Office of Experiment Stations. A.C. True. Director. Pp. 32. figs. 5. Farmers’ Bulletin INowi22 ee GReprimts) te Maye 19 02k ree = Sree ee See ae ey ee Experiment Station Work—XX. Prepared in the Office of Experiment Stations. A.C. True, Director. Pp. 32, figs. 6. Farmers’ Bulletin ING "349 sat Miaiyie 1902 eae Re ek Fe oe se ee ea ee oe Ropring June 1Q0 825 2A cera Siete eee ee ee Reprint dames W002): S522 eee te a ee en eee ae 349 Copies. 00 500 o00 200 40, 000 30, 000 4,000 1, 000 ey) , 900 1, 000 1, 000 3, 000 3, 000 350 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Irrigation Laws of the Northwest Territories of Canada and of Wyoming, with Discussions by J. S. Dennis, Deputy Commissioner of Public Works, Canada, and Fred Bond, State Engineer of Wyoming, and J. M. Wilson, Agent and Expert, Irrigation Investigations, Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 90, frontispiece, pls. 5. Bulletin No. 96. (Reprints) Sune. 1902.-s Price: | Olcents ae ae ae ee eee Statistics of the Land-Grant Colleges and Agricultural Experiment Sta- tions in the United States for the Year ended June 30, 1901. Pp. 39. Bulletin Noli une. 1902 Price orcentseme ee ee eee ree Suggestions to Pioneer Farmers in Alaska. By C. C. Georgeson, Under the Supervision of Office of Experiment Stations, U. 8. Department of Agriculture. Pp. 15, pls. 7. Bulletin No. 1. Alaska Agricultural Experiment Station. June, 1902. Price, 5 cents ---_--_.._ 22 222___-2- Some Typical Reservoirs in the Rocky Mountain States. By Elwood Mead, Irrigation Expert, in Charge of Irrigation Investigations, Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. iv, 415-430, pls. 8. (Reprint from Year- book of Department of Agriculture for 1901.) June, 1902____________- Report of Irrigation Investigations for 1900. No. 1. Review of the Work. By Eiwood Mead, Irrigation Expertin Charge. Discussion of Investigations. By C. T. Johnston, Assistant in Irrigation Investiga- tions. Pp. viii, 21-59, pls. 3, figs. 10. (Reprint from U.S. Department of Agriculture Office of Experiment Stations Bulletin 104.) June, 1902 = ne ee Oe ee ee cel ee ee Se en ee Report of Irrigation Investigations for 1900. . No.2. Irrigation on Pecos River and its Tributaries. By W. M. Reed, Special Agent. Irrigation in the Salt River Valley. By W.H. Code, Special Agent. Duty of Water Under the Gage Canal, Riverside, Cal.,1900. By W. Irving, C. E. Pp. v, 61-146, pls. 5, figs. 7. (Reprint from U.S. Department of Agri- culture Office of Experiment Stations Bulletin 104.) June, 1902_______ Report of Irrigation Investigations for 1900. No.3. Irrigation investi- gations in Nevada. By J. M. Wilson, Agent and Expert. Water Administration in Utah. By Special Agent R. C. Gemmell, State Engineer of Utah. Irrigation Under Canals from Logan River. By George L. Swensden, Professor of Irrigation Engineering, Utah Agri- cultural College. Irrigation Under the Great Eastern Canal, Platte County, Nebr., 1900. By O. V. P. Stout, Professor of Civil Engineer- ing, University of Nebraska. Useof Water in Irrigation at Wheatland, Wyo. ByC.T. Johnston, Assistant in Irrigation Investigations. Duty of Water in Idaho. By D. W. Ross, State Engineer. Pp. v, 147-239, pls. 8, figs. 9. (Reprint from U.S. Department of Agriculture Office of Experiment Stations Bulletin No. 104.) June, 1902_______________- Report of Irrigation Investigations for 1900. No. 4. Use of Water in Irrigation in the Yakima Valley. By O. L. Waller, Professor of Mathematics and Civil Engineering, Washington Agricultural College and School of Science. Irrigation Investigations in Montana, 1900. By Samuel Fortier, C. E., Professor of Irrigation Engineering, Mon- tana College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. Progress Report on Silt Measurements. By J. C. Nagle, C. E. Pp. v, 241-324, pls. 9, figs. 3. (Reprint from U.S. Department of Agriculture Office of Experi- ment Stations bulletin 104%) mes tmmen oO soe ee eee Foreign Experiment Stations. Pp. 85-115. (Reprint from Bulletin No. 111, Office of Experiment Stations, U. 8. Department of Agriculture.) JUNE, LOO Rs Ae ee a ee ee ES Sree a eee Organization Lists of the Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations in the United States. March, 1902. Pp. 100. (Reprint from Bulletin No. 111, Office of Experiment Stations, U.S. Department of Agricul- ture: )i,) Sunes GOs ee se pees ee eS en ee ee ee Beans, Peas, and Other Legumes as Food. By Mary Hinman Abel. Prepared under the Supervision of the Office of Experiment Stations. A. C. True, Director. Pp. 32, figs. 10. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 121, Tevised edition. (CReprinty June. 1902 =. 22 eee SECTION OF FOREIGN MARKETS. Our Trade with Scandinavia, 1890-1900. By Frank H. Hitchcock, Chief Section of Foreign Markets. Pp. 124. Bulletin No. 22. July, 1901. Price, 1LOvcents frets ae ee ee ee ee eee Reprint, September, 90h) 392.2122. - bones 5-2 ee 2. ee eee Copies. 600 1, 000 1, 000 1, 000 2,500 0 or i=) So 20, 000 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. Sources of the Agricultural Imports of the United States, 1896-1900. By Frank H. Hitchcock, Chief Section of Foreign Markets. Pp. 120. Bulletin No. 24. August, 1901. Price, 10 cents___.____-__._________. Bepemt. Jandanylo0es 2 oe os alt so GF Nae ees FL Sb Distribution of the Agricultural Exports of the United States, 1896-1900. By Frank H. Hitchcock, Chief, Section of ee Markets. nai 182. Bulletin No. 25. August, 1901. Price, 10 cents_ : Trade of the Philippine Islands. By Frank H. Hitchcock, Chief Section of Foreign Markets. Pp. 160. Bulletin No. 14. (Reprint. ) October, OO ee EriGe lO NGOn Lease s2 eet a Se ate sR Ph a8 ol Dee a Trade of Denmark. By Frank H. Hitchcock, Chief Section of Foreign Markets. Pp. 88. Bulletin No. 9. (Reprint.) November, 1900. EICOS ONCE e Sy oben ae pee el ORR es ted WE Ui eed VCS Our Foreign Trade in Agricultural Products, 1890-1899. By Frank H. Hitchcock, Chief Section of Foreign Markets. Pp. 62. Bulletin No. 9.-* (Reprint.) «November, 1901: Price, 5 cents S22": 22) ee. Agricultural Exports of the United States, by Countries, 1895-1899. By Frank H. Hitchcock, Chief Section of Foreign Markets. Pp.88. Bul- letin No. 20. (Re print.) November, 1901. Price,10 cents____- ax Agricultural Tports of the United States, by Countries, 1898- 1899. By Frank H. Hitchcock, Chief Section of Foreign Markets. Pp.74. Bul- letin No. 21. (Reprint.) November, 1901. Price,5 cents___________- Our Foreign Trade in Agricultural Products, 1891-1900. By Frank H. Hitchcock, Chief Section of Foreign Markets. Pp. 61. Bulletin No. 20.) (Reprini.) “November..1901..5 Price. conts= 55.4. es a Report of the Chief of Section of Foreign Markets for 1901. By Frank H. Hitchcock. Pp. iii, 163-169. (From Annual Reports Department of Agriculture.) J anuary, 1902 sp Steh « Dhl. & suey Wye RE OS Ete ee, a Re Our Foreign Trade in oA acuilieeal Products, 1892-1901. By Frank H. Hitchcock, Chief Section of Foreign Markets. Pp. 67. Bulletin No. Dicey APE 902 wise riGes CON sy ss ee eas NREL asp ety Pads 2 ee Agricultural Imports and Exports, 1897-1901. By Frank H. Hitchcock, Chief Section of Foreign Markets. Pp. 16. Circular No. 24. May, 1902s See eae ie Aen eee LM Se See SU Pe 4. ot SE BUREAU OF FORESTRY. A Forest Working Plan for Township 40, Totten and Crossfield Purchase, Hamilton County, New York State Forest Preserve. By Ralph S. Hosmer, Field Assistant, and Eugene 8. Bruce, Lumberman, Division of Forestry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Preceded by a Discus- sion of Conservative Lumbering and the Water Supply, by Frederick H. Newell, Hydrographer, U. S. Geological Survey. Pp. 64, frontis- piece, pls. 11, maps 3. Bulletin No. 30. (Reprint.) August, 1901. Prices 2) Cents. r= 2 es ee Se se ee ee ee Forest Extension in the Middle West. By William L. Hall, Assistant Superintendent of Tree Planting, Division of Forestry. Pp. iii, 145- 156, pls. 4. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for £900:) > -Aueust. 1901. se * prea fees lie eine em es Reprint; -Miay 1902 53 se © 78 sabes sfeiget Se et ep lope oy asa) ee ee Reprinte ore, 1902s er oe ai series Be eee 4 The Forest Nursery: Collection of Tree Seeds and Propagation of Seed- lings. By George B. Sudworth, Dendrologist, Division of Forestry. Pp. 63, frontispiece, pls. 5. figs.11. Bulletin No. 29. (Reprint.) Sep- tember 190 s7Prices0ieenmtanss Uae ts ee See ES aoa) eee Practical Forestry in the Southern Appalachians. By Overton W. Price, Superintendent of Working Plans, Division of Forestry. Pp. iii, 357— 368, pls.6. (Reprint from the Yearbook of the U. S. Department of Agriculture for 1900.) September, 1901_-__--__- Tree Planting on Rural School Grounds. By Wm. L. ‘Hall, Assistant Superintendent of Tree Planting, Bureau of Forestry. Pp. 38, figs. 17. Farmers; Bulletm-No.l34) seprember. (00h 252 eee er Oe Reprints December 190 La 8 aa se: ee ee ee oe ee Heprintyiiarch. 120 2e75 25 ee ee a eae ee ee ee a B51 Copies. 9, OOO . 000 — , 000 . 000 —_ oT _ , 000 — , 000 —_ , 000 =k 000 1, 000 — , 000 500 , 000 wo ~ So », 000 1 OQ , 000 10, 000 15, 000 10, 000 10, 000 , 000 cr 10, 000 10, 000 39, 000 50, 000 oD? DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Practical Forestry in the Adirondacks. By Henry 8. Graves, Superin- tendentof Working Plans. Pp.85, pls. 20. Bulletin No. 26. (Reprint.) October, 1901.5 Price, 15 cents: <2 Rs: c= ee = eh oe eee Notes on the Red Cedar. By Charles Mohr. Ph. D., Agent in the Division of Forestry. Pp.37, pls. 3, figs. 18. Bulletin No. 31, Division of For- estry. November, 1901. Price, 10 cents _.__-____- Timber: An Elementary Discussion of the Characteristics and Pri oper ties of Wood. By Filibert Roth, Special Agent in Charge of Timber Physics. Under the direction of B. E. Fernow, Chief of the Division of Forestry. Pp. 88, figs. 49. Bulletin No. 10. (Reprint.) December, 1901. Price, LO cents, 2228 22220 - 2S. 3 SS. eee ee Se ee Oe et ee ere a ee Reprint, May 21902, 2. .te S.A 2 eel eee ee eee Suggestions to Prospective Forest Students. By Gifford Pinchot, For- ester) (Pp op.) Circular Nowcas | anulatyael O02 = eee ee ee Reprint,.june, 1902...» 22.. ste4S ip seen tee a ee ee ee Report of the For ester for 1901. By Gifford Pinchot. Pp. ii, 325-339. (From Anuual Reports Department of Agriculture.) January, 1902_- Forestry for Farmers. By B. E. Fernow, Chief of the Division of For- estry. (Reprinted from the Yearbooks of the U.S. Depar tment of Agri- culture for 1894 and 1895.) Pp. 48, figs. 15. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 67. (Reprints) Samuamyal O02 eats 2-0 - -2-- 22 = 9s seh A Collection of Economic Fungi Prepared for Distribution. By Flora W. Patterson, Mycologist. Vegetable Pathological and Physiological Investigations. Pp. 31. Bulletin No. 8. February, 1902. Price, 10 COTS ee ee en i I cnr SIR rea Seg TO eh Se ie Ee The North American Species of Spartina. By Elmer D. Merrill, Assist- ant Agrostologist, Grass and Forage Plant Investigations. Pipe Ge Bulletin No. 9. February, 1902. Price, 10 cents_-_-__--..-------------- Records of Seed Distribution and Cooperative Experiments with Grasses and Forage Plants. By F. Lamson-Scribner, Agrostologist, Grass and Forage Plant Investigations. Pp. 23. Bulletin No. 10. February, TOGO eB TrIGerakOl Cents meets etre fae Wem oe Eee ee eel Johnson Grass: Report of Investigations made During the Season of 1901. By Carleton R. Ball, Assistant Agrostologist, Grass and Forage Plant Investigations. Pp. 24, pl. 1, fig. 1. Bulletin No. 11. February, 1902. Pri Cel Once mite ery ee een een Jae are eer ree ee ere ee The Decay of Timber and Methods of Preventing It. By Hermann von Schrenk, Instructor in Henry Shaw School of Botany, and Special Agent in Charge of Mississippi Valley Laboratory, Vegetable Patho- logical and Physiological Investigations. Pp. 96, pls. 18, figs. 27. Bul- TefiniNo ates Marche 1902s sibrice soD|COnisas == = 9se === aes ae ee AGR 1902——23 3538 Copies. 2, 500 39, 000 20, 000 30, 000 20, 000 30, 000 © co i=) i=) wo , 009 2, 000 3, 000 354 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Copies. Winter Forage Crop? for the South. By Carelton R. Ball, Assistant Agrostologist, Grass and Forage Plant Investigations, Bureau of Plant Industry. Pp. 36, figs. 24. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 147. March, 1902. 30,000 Reprint, June, 1902 _____-- eve Sy {oh tpi Pag ted ied 5 feat ch 0s SR 15, 000 The Algerian Durum Wheats: A Classified List, with Descriptions. By Carl S. Scofield, Expert, Botanical Investigations and Experiments. Pp. 48, pls. 8. Bulletin No. 7. April, 1902. Price, 15 cents _-_-_.-_---- 2,500 Experiments in Range Improvement in Central Texas. By H. L. Bently, _ Special Agent, Grass and Forage Plant Investigations. Pp. 72, pls. 2, figs. 6. Bulletin No. 13. April, 1902. Price, 10 cents_.-.2__.-_2__--- 2,500 Forage Conditions on the Northern Border of the Great Basin, Being a Report upon Investigations made During July and August, 1901, in the Region Between Winnemucca. Nevada, and Ontario, Oregon. By David Griffiths, Expert, in Charge of Field Management, Grass and Forage Plant Investigations. Pp. 60, pls. 16. Bulletin No. 15. April, 19025. . pIuane; 1902 oy 1p 2 eae ee ee ie eee Ree SR el Ne Se tee 1, 000 Agricultural Seeds—Where Grown and How Handled. By A. J. Pieters, of Agriculture ford 90ls), shunesg 902 esses oe ee ee een 500 Agriculture in the Tropical Islands of the United States. By O. F. Cook, Botanist, in Charge of Investigations in Tropical Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Pp. iv, 349-868, pls. 6. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1901.) Jume, 1902___..____________.-- 700 The Home Fruit Garden. By L. C. Corbett. Horticulturist, Bureau of Plant Industry. Pp. ii, 431-446, figs. 6. (Reprint from Yearbook of Bepartment of Agriculture for 1901.) June, 1902 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. Commercial Apple Orcharding. By G. B. Brackett, Pomologist, Bureau of Plant Industry. Pp. ii, 593-608, pls. 4. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1901.) June, 1902___._____._.________- The Home Fruit Garden: Preparation and Care. By L. C. Corbett, Horticulturist, Bureau of Plant Industry. Pp. 20, figs. 6. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 154. June, 1902 Botanical Investigations and Experiments. Contributions from the U. 8S. National Herbarium, Vol. VI, Plant Life of Alabama. An account of the Distribution, Modes of Association, and Adaptations of the Flora of Alabama, Together with a Systematic Cata- logue of the Plants Growing in the State. Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey of Alabama by Charles Mohr, Ph. D. Posse lolsplosw uly L90LS Price, 50 Cents ees: se ee Commercial Plant Introduction. By Jared G. Smith, Chief of Section of Seedand Plant Introduction. Pp. ii, 131-144. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1900.) July Ole SS Se eee Some Poisonous Plants of the Northern Stock Ranges. By V. K. Chesnut, in Charge of Poisonous Plant Investigations, Division of Botany. Pp. iii, 305-324, pls. 3, figs. 4. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of ACTICHIFULO TOTAOOOS) mre kya OOMarrs = ee. ie So eee ee eee Testing Commercial Varieties of Vegetables. By W. W. Tracy, jr., Assist- ant, Division of Botany. Pp. iii, 543-550. (Reprint from Year ‘book of Department of Agriculture for 1900.) July, 1901_-___________.______- The Date Palm and its Culture. By Walter T. Swingle, Agricultural Explorer, Section of Seed and Plant Introduction. Pp. v, 453-490, pls. 9, figs. 7. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1900. ) PEAT SUS bit OO ee eed: a ene ee me See ee ee eee Weeds: And How to Kill Them. By Lyster H. Dewey, Assistant Botan- ist. Pp. 32, figs. 10. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 28. (Reprint.) August, LUGS O TM RP SS ete Bey RAG So tel RE ae 8 Lalas ees che Ripe Ee hy i ig ee hele ie Reprint, Octonens tole o> psp se nent oe 2 GE ew ADA TE rege ee Contributions from the U. 8. National Herbarium. Vol. VII, No. 2. The Origin and Distribution of the Cocoa Palm. By O. F. Cook. Pp. Varcor—evo. eptember, 1901) Price. 0 CCNiSi = a American Ginseng: Its Commercial History, Protection, and Cultivation. By George V. ‘Nash. Revised and extended by Maurice G. Kains. Pp. 32, figs.5. Bulletin No. 16. Revised edition. (Reprint.) October, OOM, oT Ces.Oy GCMs ees pk ee Re nes eee eee eee eee REPL anUacy ely Ue ys aes Se SSO Sees os eee ere to IRE prtirny Mic Vast aios eae ee eee ee eee eee See ee nae Seeds of Commercial Saltbushes. By G. N. Collins. Pp. 28, pls. 8. Bul- letin- NON 27, October. 190la=sPrice=lorcentse === a eee ee The Chayote: A Tropical Vegetable. By O. F. Cook, Special Agent for Tropical Agriculture. Pp. 31. pls. 8. Bulletin No. 28, Division of Botany. Octoher 100l) (Price, 10 Conus. - 23 ae ee ees Rice Culture in the United States. By Dr.S.A. Knapp. Pp.28. Farm- ers” Bulletin: No. 110: (Reprint.)) November, 19012" 2 = 2 a Red Clover Seed: Information for Purchasers. By A. J. Pieters, Assist- ant Botanist,, Division of Botany, In Charge of Pure Seed Investigations. Pp. 11, figs. 2. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 123. (Reprint.) October, 1901. Reprint, Decemibers US on ee ee Repritite (May -stooc eee ecm one Tree tee See ere gee es eee The Seed Coats of Certain Species of the Genus Brassica. By A. J. Pie- ters and Vera K. Charles. Pp. 19, figs. 6. Bulletin No. 29. Novem- pers. 1901! eaP Trice sO.Genbs ss ees a ee ee ae oe eer eee Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium. Vol. V,No.6. Report on a Botanical Survey of the Dismal Swamp Region. By Thomas H. Kearney. Pp. x, 321-585, x, pls. 13, figs. 40, maps 2, November, 1901. Price; 50cents-o2. oe 7 OR Ps ee eo ee Flax for Seed and Fiber in the United States. By Charles Richards Dodge, Special Agent for Fiber Investigations. Pp.16. Farmers’ Bul- letin) Nowzie* (Reprint) BeNoventner ploy ess aes eee eee ee ne ee 355 Copies. 2, 000 30, 000 1, 000 5, 000 3, 000 2,000 3, 000 10, 000 39, 000 2,500 500 1,500 3, 000 5, 000 4, 000 20, 000 20, 000 20, 000 20, 000 5, 000 1, 000 20, 000 356 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. The Farmers’ Interest in Good Seed. By A. J. Pieters, In Charge of Pure Seed Investigations, Division of Botany. Pp. 24, figs. 7. Farm- ers’ Bulletin No. 111. oo November 1901-3 G2 Sap aes Reprints (December. 1901) nce > ee. Se ee ee ee eee Se Reprint, May, 1902 Reprint,May 902022 02 SA ee ee ee ie a ae ey ree ALE The Stock-Poisoning Plants of Montana: A Preliminary Report. By V. K. Chesnut and E. V. Wilcox. Pp. 150, pls. 36. Bulletin No. 26. (Reprint.) December. 1901. Price, 25 cents REA ERT eS oh CN cn uieae Nae Thirty Poisonous Plants of the United States. By V.K. Chesnut, Assist- ant Botanist, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Pp. 32, figs. 24. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 86. (Reprint.) December, 1901__..__________. Hop Growing in California. By Daniel Flint. Pp. 28, figs. 2. Farmers’ BulletinyNow bee (Reprint) ae Decem Dery i) |e many ae nee mre ene eer Contributions from the U. 8S. National Herbarium. Vol. VII, No. 3. Plants used by the Indians of Mendocino County, Cal. By V.K. Ches- nut. Pp. vi, 295-408, vii, pls. x—xxi, figs. 66-78. January, 1902. Price, 15 cents Grass and Forage Plant Investigations. List of the Publications of the Division of Agrostology. By F. Lamson- Scribner, Agrostologist. Pp. 8. Circular No. 36. July,1901________- Economic Grasses. By F. Lamson-Scribner, Agrostologist. Pp. 85, pls. 3, figs. 91. Bulletin No. 14. Revised. (Reprint.) August, 1901. Price; 10 sents =: ls. ot. = Oe eae a 4 fs Se a os Native Pasture Plants. By F.Lamson-Scribner, Agrostologist. Pp. 581-598, pls. 4, figs. 11. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of A prichitane for 1900. ee ASIST! 5190) fe 2 emesis ce 0) Cand ae ee Cattle Ranges of the Southwest: A History of the Exhanstion of the Pasturage and Suggestions for Its Restoration. By H. L. Bently, ppenel Agent in Charge of oe Station at Abilene, Tex. Pp. 32, figs. 9 Farmers’ Bulletin No. 7 (Reprint. ) August, 1901 Reprint, November, i901 Ee O ay Aly Ape Dy See) Se ERS: ar ame bene Uo ke Millets. By Thomas A. Williams, Assistant Agrostologist. Pp. 28, figs. 6. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 101. (Reprint.) August, 1901 Reprint HNO vermox: 1 OO Se me cepa ee lcs Pele ape eee gee Southern Forage Plants. Compiled from the publications of the Division of Agrostology by F. Lamson-Scribner, Agrostologist. Pp. 48, figs. 14. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 102. (Reprint.) August, 1901 Reprint November, 19012. ws yore setters ahaiee aon to este ena ee Field Work of the Division of Agrostology: A Review and Summary of the Work Done since the Organization of the Division July 1, 1895. By Cornelius L. Shear, Assistant Agrostologist. Prepared under the direction of F. Lamson-Scribner, Agrostologist. Pp. 67, maps 8, pls. 28. Bulletin No. 2 September, 1901. Price,15 cents ....._.__.___- Alfalfa or Lucern. is Jared G. Smith, Assistant Agrostologist. Pp. 24, figs. 3. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 31. (Reprint.) Sepion er 1901 Reprint, November, 1901 Reprint, Maytuue -ccpete 2000. oe. Bee aoe ge ee, ee ee Sorghum as a Forage Crop. By Thomas A. Williams, Assistant Agros- tologist. Prepared under the direction of the Agrostologist. Pp. 19, fig. 1. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 50. Revised. (Reprint.) October, 1901_ Reprint; November.cl G01 ese. a ee byte a eee ee ei Saltbushes. By P. Beveridge Kennedy, Ph. D., Assistant in the Division of Agrostology. Prepared under the direction of the Agrostologist. Pp. 20, figs. 9. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 108. (Reprint.) October, 1901_ Reprint; December 90 ieet ens rect | ee Ce eee Reprint, JaANUarys VOC er. oe eat Ae too 19 ey i ea The Soy Bean as a Forage Crop. By Thomas A. Williams, Assistant Agrostologist. Prepared under the direction of the Agrostologist. With an Appendix on Soy Beans as Food for Man. By C. F. Lang- worthy, Ph. D., Office of Experiment Stations. Pp. 24, figs. 4. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 58. (Reprint.) November, 1901_..._..___.__- Meadows and Pastures: Formation and Cultivation in the Middle Eastern States. By Jared G. Smith, Assistant Agrostologist. Pp. 28, figs. 9. Farmers’ Bulletin No.66. Revised edition. (Reprint.) November, 1901_- Reprint, May; 1902/22 OPE ae eos ee Copies. 10, 000 39, 000 20, 000 10, 000 500 20, 000 20, 000 1,000 4, 000 1,000 2, 000 10, 000 30, 000 10, 000 30, 000 10, 000 30, 000 3, 000 15,000 25, 000 20, 000 20, 000 20, 000 15, 000 25, 000 20, 000 40, 000 30, 000 20, 000 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. Cowpeas. By Jared G. Smith, Assistant Agrostologist. Pp. 16, fig. 1. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 89. (Reprint.) November, 1901 _--________._- Reprint: June 902s se oe Re ee eae ey 2 2) ees 2. eS Pomological Investigations. The Infiuence of Refrigeration on the Fruit Industry. By William A. Taylor, Assistant Pomologist. Pp. iii, 561-580, pls.5. (Reprinted from Yearbook of U.S. Department of Agriculture for 1900.) August, 1901_ Prunes and Prune Culture in Western Europe, with special Reference to Existing Conditions in the Pacific Northwest. By Edward R. Lake, Professor of Botany and Horticulture, Oregon State Agricultural Col- lege. Pp.23,pls.10. Bulletin No.10. October,1901. Price, 10 cents- The Apple and How to Growlt. By G. B. Brackett, Pomologist. Pp. 32, figs. 10. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 113. (Reprint.) November, 1901__- IReprinion March, UG0Q MS. bey" oe toes Se an SNE See a ee The Fig: Its History, Culture, and Curing, with a Descriptive Catalogue of the Known Varieties of Figs. By Gustav Eisen, Ph. D. Pp. 317, pls. 15, figs. 98. Bulletin No. 9. February, 1902. Price, 35 cents _- Vegetable Pathological and Physiological Investigations. A New Wheat Industry for the Semiarid West. By Mark Alfred Carle- ton, Cerealist: ‘Pp.8.- Circular’ Nox 18. | July; 1904; 0.2). Leds es Successful Wheat Growing in Semiarid Districts. By Mark Alfred Carle- ton, Cerealist, Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology. Pp. ii, 529-542. (Reprinted from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1900! ae Sly lOO 0:2 eps ee. ope het peek eae «Perey eh a Spraying for Fruit Diseases. By B. T. Galloway, Chief of Divison of Vege- table Physiology and Pathology. Pp. 12, figs. 6. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 38. (Reprint. ) Sauty HOD ve. tavt nent. “ore eye eel he ea a Reprint, October, 1901 _ Ps Re REED Seren ced = eh See Reprint, December, OG tee ete eee aes DT epee oe : Reprint, June, TONS Apert S190 2 oe eee veer ko ae ee tenner eee 5, 000 The Bermuda Lily Disease: A Preliminary Report of Investigations. By Albert F. Woods, Assistant Chief, Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology. Pp. 15, figs. 4. Bulletin No. 14. (Reprint.) June, 1909:0 SPrice: "Ob \cents: o) Sos Be A es See Eee re | ee See ee 1,000 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. Development of the Trucking Interests. By F. 8S. Earle, Horticulturist and Mycologist of the Alabama Experiment Station. Pp. ili, 437-452. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1900.) July, POOD « s -222— eA eS Bae ter We ee 2 ya er Oe 5, 000 William Saunders. By the Editor. Pp. 625-630, pl. 1. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1900.) July, 1901 ________ 250 Publications of the U.S. Department of Agriculture forsale by the Super- intendent of Documents, Union Building, Washington, D.C. Corrected to August1,1901. Pp.40. (No.179.) Eighthedition. August,1901__ 10,000 Free Delivery of Rural Mails. By Charles H. Greathouse, M. A., Edi- torial Clerk, Division of Publications. Pp. iii, 513-528, pls. 4, figs. 2. (Reprint from Yearbook of U.S. Depernene of Agriculture for 1900.) Ame ust GOI soso. cee be oe 2 RSE LS ey Soe eS ee eee oe 1, 000 Suggestions to Southern Farmers. Prepared in the Division of Publica- tions. Pp. 48. Farmers’ Bulletin No.98. (Reprint.) August,1901__ 10,000 Reprint.Octobers1 90s ses: = eee a yh ee ee 30, 000 The Vegetable Garden. By Charles H. Greathouse, A. M., Division of Publications. Pp. 24, figs. 8. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 94. (Reprint.) October d90lerre es wale 2 i AGO isl) Ayes 2 ee pa Dee ae Ie ae 30, 000 ReprintsAprilsi902).) 6. ..4ne enone) oe bieet e. eee ee ee ee 30, 000 Practical Suggestions for Farm Buildings. By George G. Hill. Pp. 48, figs. 28. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 126. (Reprint.) October, 1901 _____- 15, 000 Reprint, January, 1902 2.22. 85-5002 os See 2h J ee ee ee 30, 000 Reprint; Marchal 902.4 te catia De Role IRA ese epee a 30, 000 Reprinte May ste - ss Melee Le Eesha} che Ba eh pe a le ee 30, 000 Organization of Department of Agriculture, 1901-1902. By Geo.Wm. Hill, Chief of Division. Pp. 20. Circular No. 1. December, 1901___.___-- 3, 000 Asparagus Culture. By R. B. Handy, Division of Publications. Pp. 40, figs. 17. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 61. (Reprint.) December, 1901____- 20, 000 Report of the Editor for 1901. By Geo. Wm. Hill. Pp. iii, 271-324. (From Annual Reports Department of Agriculture.) January,1902-_ 1,500 List of Bulletins and Circulars Issued by the U. S. Department of Agri- culture and Available for Free Distribution. Corrected to January 1, 1902. Pp. 24. No. 247. Seventh edition. March, 1902 __..___._____- 10, 000 Sheep, Hogs, and Horses in the Pacific Northwest. I. Sheep Husbandry, by James Withycombe, V.S., Director of the Oregon Experiment Sta- tion; II. Hog Raising, by Hiram T. French, M. 8., Agriculturist of the Idaho Experiment Station; I1I. The Horse Industry, by 8. B. Nelson, D. V. M., Professor of Veterinary Science in the Washington Agricul- tural College. Pp. 28, figs. 2. Farmers’ Bulletin No.117. (Reprint.) March: 19022. 22:4 28 else $e. ce. = os. 2 bed ke eee eee 30, 000 Clearing New Land. By Franklin Williams, jr., Farmer and Horticul- turist, Fairfax County, Va. Pp. 24, figs. 7. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 1SOAM Mayes O02 5 . peetaiet see Reh fee. lan de cel. 4 a ae A PS ae 30, 000 REpPEMbA UME wl OOS ew See Ae ee We ee ee ee 30, 000 Monthly Wistoft Publications -Pp. 4. » June, 1901, 23. 322 ee 58, 000 Monthly listiof Publications) bps4. uly, 1901 ee ee 58, 000 Monthly List of Publications. Pp. 8. August, 1901__-_._-_..--1_2_--2= 60, 000 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. Monthly List of Publications. Pp. Monthly List of Publications. Pp. Monthly List of Publications. Pp. Monthly List of Publications. Pp. Monthly List of Publications. Pp. Monthly List of Publications. Pp. Monthly List of Publications. Pp. Monthly List of Publications. Pp. Monthly List of Publications. Pp. Monthly List of Publications. Pp. Septemer 10012. = Sse Sees Oetonpen Oia Uae ees aes INovermber 1961 (0s 2 eee December. O0 1 eer mm ena Janvlaryeelodse 282 oor) eee Je February, 1902_- ws See March 9025 eee ae March, 1902. (Reprint) ___.-_-- Acpradl SOE soa ce 2 Ree Mia) 902% o. 1S 2h aie eae eee SS Re Se ie OFFICE OF PUBLIC ROAD INQUIRIES. Mountain Roads. By James W. Abbott, Special Agent in Office of Public Road Inquiries for Western Division. Pp. iii, 183-198. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1900.) July, 1901__------ Proceedings of the International Good Roads Congress, held at Buffalo, N. Y., September 16 to 21,1901. Pp. 100. Bulletin No. 21. Decem- berwlG0e Rrice-DkCemts. ees s/t. See ge es ee 2 50 A eae ee Repramtsp Man 902 sea a8 Sine oie 2 Foe ee ee oo en ee Good Roads for Farmers. By Maurice O. Eldridge, Acting Director, Office of Public Road Inquiries. Pp. 47, figs. 49. Farmers’ Bulletin INO; 9d (Reprmnt. ae becemiber. 1000s aoe. is Sis ee ee a ee Reprint. Agile lOUsw Ae wae eS ae eee oe ee Sed ee Oe ees List of National, State, and Local Road Associations and Kindred Organ- izations in the United States. By Martin Dodge, Director. Pp. 13. CirculareNiosos ed anialy-wlO02) a aeess oe see eee Reprint, March, 1902 _____-- SES, SES cep e en A 5 BAe ee Report of the Office of Public Road Inquiries for 1901. By Martin Dodge, Director, Ep sailti2ap—col.) Janay. O02. oe ee ee ee ere Reprint E Sbraary. (O02 = oa. eS aiid ode ee ee eee eee Earth Roads. By Maurice O. Eldridge, Assistant Director, Public Road Inquiries. Pp. 24, figs. 20. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 136. February, 1902- Reprints Marche 22 ee = 2S. Se eee ee she apy ies IE Sse Ve Reprint, June, 1902 __-- --- Piet pe eee ne eee. ee ee ee Repairs of Macadam Roads. By E. G. Harrison, C. E. Pp. 14. Circu- ara Noe a0 ne Mearchin (O02 ey eis cemetery 2 egret eas ee ey Money Value of Good Roads to Farmers. By W. C. Latta, Purdue Uni- versity, Lafayette, Ind. Pp. 4. Circular No. 23. (Reprint.) April, OS a Se nie NT Ae BRL Ee Na yh oe ge nye arr es by Sea ane ae Reprints une, 1000 sesso Selle Li 5. ae eee Ae ee ee See Earth Roads: Hints on Their Construction and Repair. Compiled by Roy Stone, Special Agent in Charge of Road Inquiry. Pp. 20, figs. 11. Bulletin Now 8) «(Reprint June, 1902) sericea: cents == a2 = ee State Aid to Road Building in New Jersey. By Edward Burrough, Chair- man of the New Jersey State Board of Agriculture and State Commis- sioner of Public Roads. Pp. 20. Bulletin No.9. (Reprint.) June, QD ae ea ae a pare So mae IY ap Ae eae, a Wide Tires. Laws of Certain States Relating to Their Use, and Other Information. Compiled by Roy Stone, Special Agent in Charge of Road Inquiry. Pp. 16. Bulletin No. 12. (Reprint.) June, 1902. Price, 5 CG}E ON ire be Oe, et eee ae SS a, eens a aN eee — ee = ee Notes on the Employment of Convicts in Connection with Road Building. Compiled by Roy Stone, Director. Pp. 21, pls. 4. Bulletin No. 16, Revised: (Reprint:)= June, 1902. (Price, oicents,—_-. = 22 ee ae Going in Debt for Good Roads. (Address delivered by Judge Thayer, of Clinton, before the Iowa Bankers’ Association at their Annual Meeting in Council Bluffs, May 24, 1893.) Pp. 6. Circular No. 26. (Reprint.) Aftghayevy Celis pe Seeder se ee peer eee ee Sees Bao aos tee Cost of Hauling Farm Products to Market or to Shipping Points in Euro- pean Countries. By Roy Stone, Director of Road Inquiry. Pp. 12. CirculariNo.2i-c wanes 90 sees ees ee ee ee eee eee Office of Road Inquiry. By Roy Stone, Director of Office of Road Inquiry. Object-Lesson Roads. By Roy Stone, Director of Office of Road In- quiry. Pp. 175-180, 373-382, pls. 2, fig. 1. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1897.) June, 1902 .-.----------------- 359 Copies. 62, 000 62, 000 62, 000 62, 000 65, 000 65, 000 65, 000 2,500 70, 000 75, 000 3, 000 10, 000 10, 000 40, 000 30, 000 500 600 500 500 10, 000 30, 000 30, 000 10, 000 10, 000 5, 000 1, 000 5, 000 5, 000 5, 000 3860 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Road Building with Convict Labor in the Southern States. By J. A. Holmes, Special Agent in Office of Public Road Inquiries for Southern Division. Pp. 319-332, pls. 5. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1901.) June, s1902 22s - ES ee ee Government Cooperation in Object-Lesson Road Work. By Martin Dodge, Director of the Office of Public Road Inquiries. Pp. ii, 409-414, pls. 2. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1901.) -Jume, 1908 Ses. 5 Poe Se ec ee I BUREAU OF SOILS. Solution Studies of Salts Occurring in Alkali Soils. By Frank K. Cam- eron, Lyman J. Briggs,and Atherton Seidell. Pp. 89, figs. 10. Bulletin No. 18. AngUst. LO01. | Price. OICCM LS es se eee eae eee eee The World’s Exhibit of Leaf Tobacco at the Paris Exposition of 1900. By Marcus L. Floyd, Tobacco Expert, Division of Soils. Pp. ii, 157- 166, pls. 2. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1900S), CARO TTS Gael Ss oe 2 2 Se ie oe og ee et Objects and Methods of Investigating Certain Physical Properties of Soils. By Lyman J. Briggs, Assistant Chief and Physicist, Division of Soils. Pp. ii, 397-410, pls. 2, figs. 2. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1900.) August, 1901____._____________ Catalogue of the First Four Thousand Samples in the Soil Collection of the Division of Soils. By Milton Whitney, Chief of Division of Soils. Pp. 145. Bulletin No. 16. (Reprint.) September, 1901. Price, 10 GETS 2 5s ie xe ee ere ee ee ones See eee Stee Reclamation of Salt Marsh Lands. By Thos. H. Means, Assistant. Pp. 105) (CircularsNo2S:s ce ptember a 9 (ilies ee eee em Tobacco Soils. By Milton Whitney, Chief of Division of Soils. Pp. 23. Farmers’ Bulletin No 83. (Reprint.) October, 1901 _.-__- 2+ General Review of the Work of the Division of Soils. By Milton Whit- ney, Chief of Division. Pp. iii, 19-60. (Reprinted from the Report on Field Operations of the Division of Soils for 1900.) November, 1901___ Investigations on the Physical Properties of Soils. By Lyman J. Briggs Pp. ii, 413-421. (Reprinted from the Report on Field Operations of the Divasioniobisoils ford9005) 2Noveniber al 00 aee ee eee ee Farm Drainage. By C. G. Elliott, C. E., Member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Peoria, Il]. Pp. 24, figs. 6. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 40. (Reprint.) November, 1901 _____-_- aie Ae eee Methods of Curing Tobacco. By Milton Whitney, Chief of Division of Soils. Pp. 16. Farmers’ Bulletin No.60. Revised edition. (Reprint. ) IN(O We TTS Te lO Metre Ne ean ee enh Ue nr ee HVE print NOVEM, O02 2 Le oe a SE a ee eee The Culture of Tobacco. By Otto Carl Butterweck. Pp. 24. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 82:5 Reprint.) November, 1901.) oe eee Alkali Lands. By Milton Whitney and Thomas H. Means. Pp. 23, fig. 1. Farmers’ Bulletin No.88. (Reprint.) November, 1901__________ _____ Soil Survey from Raleigh to Newbern, N.C. By William G. Smith. Pp. iii, 187-205, figs. 2. (Reprinted from the Report on Field Opera- tions of the Division of Soilsfor 1900°)" December 1901-2. 2- ee Application of the Theory of Solution tothe Study of Soils. By Frank K. Cameron. Pp. iii, 423-453. (Reprinted from the Report on Field Operations of the Division of Soils for 1900.) December, 1901 _._.____ Soil Survey Around Imperial, Cal. By Thos. H. Means and J. Garnett Holmes. Pp. 20, figs. 2. Circular No. 9. January, 1902 Reprint, Mebrtianywno ce meme aes jae ene ee atte Noten een a alee Report of the Chief of the Division of Soils for 1901. By Milton Whit- ney. Pp. iii, 113-140. (From Annual Reports, Department of Agri- culture. ) January, O02 eee eee a ren co at a et ee ee Boll Survey in Salt River Valley, Arizona. By Thos. H. Means. Pp. 287-332. (Reprinted from the Report on Field Operations of the Division of Soils for 1900.) March, 1902 - Growing Sumatra Tobacco Under Shade in the Connecticut Valley. “By Milton Whitney. Pp. 21, pls. 7, figs. 2. Bulletin No. 20. April, 1902. Price, 0"CEntS Set see ee See ee tan 5 At ee Po ee ee Copies. 5,000 - 2, 000 2,500 4,000 1,000 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. Instructions to Field Parties and Description of Soil Types. Field season, 190255 bureadofsoils, SP palo April O02 seen see | ot ees A Soil Survey Around Lancaster, Pa. By Clarence W. Dorsey. Pp. iii, 61-84, pls. 4. figs. 2, map. (Reprinted from the Report on Field Opera- tions of the Division of Soils for 1900.) April, 1902_-_____. ___.____+___ Soil Survey, Montgomery County, Ohio. By Clarence W. Dorsey and George N. Coffey. Pp. ii, 85-102, pls. 3, figs. 4, map 1. (Reprinted from the Report on Field Operations of the Division of Soils for 1900.) FACET el O02 Biers elm oy ewe ee ein ere See eee ek ee i Soil Survey of Cecil County, Md. By Clarence W. Dorsey and Jay A. Bonsteel. Pp. ii, 103-124, figs.6,map1. (Reprinted from the Report on Field Operations of the Division of Soils for 1900.) April, 1902_____ Soil Survey of St. Mary County, Md. By Jay A. Bonsteel. Pp. ii, 125-145, figs. 4, map1. (Reprinted from the Report on Field Operations of the Divisioniof soils:for1900:). sAprils 1O02ee == ee ee ee Soil Survey of Calvert County, Md. By Jay A. Bonsteel and R. T. Avon Burke. Pp. iii, 147-171, fig. 1, map 1. (Reprinted from the Report on Field Operations of the Division of Soils for 1900.) April, 1902 _______ Soil Survey of Kent County, Md. By Jay A. Bonsteel. Pp. ii, 173-186, map. (Reprinted from the Report on Field Operations of the Division of Soils for 1900.) April, 1902 ____- A ee a eee ae ete Soil Survey Around Santa Ana, Cal. By J. Garnett Holmes. Pp. iii, 385- 412, pls. 8, figs. 2, maps 2. (Reprinted from the Report on Field Opera- tions of the Division of Soils for 1900.) April, 1902_______________. eee Capillary Studies and Filtration of Clay from Soil Solutions. By Lyman J.Briggsand Macy H. Lapham. Pp. 40, figs. 5. Bulletin No.19. May, 1992° SP rice. /o:. cents < Shit Eten ss ae ee eee eS fae eae The Purpose of a Soil Survey. By Milton Whitney, Chief of the Bureau of Soils. Pp iii, 117-132. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Acriculjuretor: 19012) May. 19022222) See eee ee eee Soil Survey in Weber County, Utah. By Frank D. Gardner and Charles A. Jensen. Pp. iti, 207-247, pl.1, maps3. (Reprinted from the Report on Field Operations of the Division of Soils for 1900.) May, 1902_.__- Soil Survey in the Sevier Valley, Utah. By Frank D. Gardner and Charles A. Jensen. Pp. iv, 243-285, pls. 7, figs. 7. maps 4. (Reprinted from the Report on Field Operations of the Division of Soils for 1900.) NE ay Al O02 ree = ee Se See eae rene = ETN PEE ee a ee eee Soil Sey Around Fresno, Cal. By Thomas H. Means and J. Garnett Holmes. Pp. iv, 333-384, pls. 16, figs. 8, maps 2. (Reprinted from the Report on Field Operations of the Division of Soils for 1900.) May, 1902- DIVISION OF STATISTICS. Statistical Matter Relating to Principal Crops and Farm Animals, Trans- portation Rates, etc.,in the United States, 1900. Pp. 753-861. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Agriculture for 1900.) July, 1901___ Reprints Sephember: (901-250 Ye uk Sas op eee Ak Soe eee Rates of Charge for Transporting Garden Truck, with Notes on the Growth of the Industry. By Edward G. Ward, Jr., Expert in Transportation Statistics. and Edwin S. Holmes, Jr., Special Agent. Pp. 86, Bulletin No. 21, miscellaneous series. August, 1901. Price, 5 cents-.________- Influence of Rye on the Price of Wheat. By Edward T. Peters, of the Division of Statistics. Pp. iii, 167-182. (Reprint from the Yearbook of the U. S. Department of Agriculture for 1901.) August, 1901_____- Wheat Growing and General Agricultural Conditions in the Pacific Coast Region of the United States. By Edwin 8. Holmes, Jr., Division of Statistics. Pp. 44,maps 4,pis.8. Bulletin No. 20, miscellaneous series. Septenivers 1901 Price, 0 cons: = eee 28 & Ah 28 2254 aed ee See Reprinty December, bute Sates leet Fae 228 < fase ee ee Wages of Farm Labor in the United States. Resultsof Eleven Statistical Investigations, 1866-1899. Prepared Under the Direction of the Statis- tician. Pp.47. Bulletin No. 22, miscellaneous series. September, 1901. Price; O7CGn ise. 9 Ss Re ee ae aera gee eos = ae Statistics on the Fruit Industry of California. By Edwin 8. Holmes, Jr., Field Agent, Division of Statistics. Pp.11. Bulletin No. 23, miscella- neous series. December, 1901. Price, 5 cents_..-..-.-.-.--------.---- 10, 000 1, 000 362 DEPARTMENTAL . REPORTS. Changes in the Rates of Charge for Railway and Other Transportation Services. By H. T. Newcomb. Revised by Edward G. Ward, Jr., Expert in Transportation Statistics. Pp. 86. Bulletin No. 15, miscella- neous series. Revised edition. February, 1902. Price, 5 cents____- Report of the Statistician. By John Hyde. Pp. 341-844. (Reprinted from Annual Reports Department of Agriculture for 1901.) March,1902- Report of the Statistician for 1900. By John Hyde. Pp. 293-297. (Re- printed from Annual Reports Department of Agriculture for 1900.) April, 1902 - eat The Future Demand for American Cotton. By NF als Watkins, Cotton Expert, Division of Statistics. Pp. ii, 193- 206. (Reprint from Year- book of Department of Agriculture for TOO 1s) ye Maiyn A902): ose eee Be The Cotton-Seed Industry. By Charles M. Daugherty. of the Division of Statistics. Pp. ii, 285-298. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Acriculture for 1901-).) Mays 1902 = sees eae ee ope eee eee eee eet Crop Reporter: ~Violi3,, No.3. "Pps os duly, Lo lesen soe = Crop Reporter. Vol. 3, No. Crop Reporter. Vol. 3, No. Crop Reporter. Vol. 3, No. Crop Reporter. Vol. 3, No. Crop Reporter. Vol. 2 No. Crop Reporter. Vol. 3, No. Crop Reporter. Vol. 3, No. Crop Reporter. Vol. 3, No. Crop Reporter. Vol. 3, No. Crop Reporter. Vol. 4, No. Crop Reporter. Vol. 1, No. Crop Reporter. Vol. 4, No. Crop Reporter. Vol. 1, No. 8 8. August, 1901 ___- ae: . 8. September, 1901... —_- Ep iss October 00le a Ss 8. November, 1901 __- 8. December, 1901_ - 8) January, £902 222) Pp. 8. February, 1902 - E Marchxd902 222 taco eee IP pS 22 April O02 eee eee eee Pp. 8. May, 1902 - eae Pp. 4. July, 1899 (Rep. ye Pee By Pps 8? cdunes1902 2s see es Pp.4,, May, 18991(Rep:))_ EV. RWW eee OOF Oe as) tO Ors i) ae (2) WEATHER BUREAU. Monthly Weather Review (A summary by months of weather conditions throughout the United States, based upon reports of nearly 3,000 regu- lar and voluntary observers). Quarto size. Price 20 cents each. Viol, exixe No. 4— -ApmleiS01> yep. 145-199) charts 9ee sss eae Vol. XXIX, No. May, 1901. Pp. 201-241, pls.4, charts 10 ________ Vol. XXIX, No. June, 1901. Pp. 248-289, pls. 4, figs. 2, charts 9 _- Vol. X XIX, No. July, 1901. Pp. 291-839, pl.1, charts9 _____- ie Vol. XXIX, No. August, 1901. Pp. 341-397, pls.3, charts 8 _.___- Vol. XXIX, No. September, 1901. Pp. 399-445, charts 10 _______- Vol. XXIX, No. 10. October, 1901. Pp. 447-487, pl. 1, figs. 2, charts 9_ Vol. XXIX, No. 11. November, 1901. Pp. 489-533, charts 13 ____._- Vol. XXIX, No. 12. December, 1901. Pp. 535-589, charts 10_______. Vol. XXIX. Annual Summary for 1901. Pp. ix,591-618, charts 7_-- Voll XOGXe Nod January. (902°) (ep loos charist! see eae Vol. XXX, No. 2. February, 1902. Pp. 61-108, charts 10__-__ ____- VolsxXexex, No.3: March, 1902. Pp: 109-lo6iicharts Qua 2 22 ae Compilation of Weather Forecasts. By Alfred J. Henry, Professor of Meteorology, Weather Bureau. Pp. iti, 107-114, pls. 3, fig.1. (Reprint from Yearbook U. S. Department of Agriculture for 1900.) August, 1901.2. 22 eS ye ee ogee as) 8 Soe Se eee eB ee ee Hot Waves: Conditions Which Produce Them and Their Effect on Agri- culture. By Alvin T. Burrows, Observer, Weather Bureau. Pp. iii, 325-336, pls. 3. (Reprint from Yearbook ws: Department of Agri- culture for1900-)/> August, 1901 2 See ee ee ee Special Report on the Hurricane of August 13-16, 1901, on the Louisiana and Mississippi coasts. By Isaac M. Cline, Forecast Official in char ge of the West Gulf district at New Orleans, La. September, 1901. Pp. 6 Weather Bureau Exhibit, Pan-American Exhibition. By D. T. Maring, Weather Bureau. Prepared under the direction of Willis L. Moore, Chief U. S. Weather Bureau. Pp. 4, frontispiece, pls. 3. aces B. No. 248.) Sépbember;.1901. 2.5 eo" ~ sae Se a ee DO DID gt Copies. 20, 000 300 300 2.000 1,000 85, 000 95, 000 93, 000 93, 000 94, 000 93, 000 94, 000 94, 000 94, 000 94, 000 94, 000 500 94, 000 500 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. Protection of Food Products from Injurious Temperatures. By H. E. Williams, Chief Clerk, Weather Bureau. Pp. 26. Farmers’ Bulletin Non i25. a(Reprint.) peSeptem ber OO 2258 ae ae Se set eae ts Pee Reprint. \anGary. 10s. a5 8a Le ee ee wey tee he te Instructions for Voluntary Observers. Prepared under the direction of Willis L. Moore, Chief of Weather Bureau. Pp. 28, frontispiece, figs. 8. Second edition. comprising circulars B and C, Instrument Division. (W.B. No. 250.) November, 1901 - ---- Yt eee ey ae ee ee ee The Forecaster and the Newspaper. By Harvey Maitland Watts, of the Philadelphia Press. Read before the Convention of Weather Bureau Officials, Milwaukee, Wis., August 27-29, 1901. Pp.22,maps6. Novem- ete G0ie= Ce so oe es a EN Ey pepe ay eS et bg fasta ees Bee Instructions for the Care and Management of Sunshine Recorders. By C. F. Marvin, Professor of Meteorology. Prepared under the direction of Willis L. Moore, Chief U. S. Weather Bureau. Pp. 19, figs. 6. Cir- cular G, Instrument Division, second edition. (W. B. No. 252.) De- CemPer OOo c= ee ee ee eek eee 8 ie a Pee 2 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau. By Willis L. Moore. Pp. iii, 3-14. (From Annual Reports, Department of Agriculture.) De- Ger ler) 19 (ee eo a ee ol 2 ee Bs Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau 1900-1901. By Willis L. Moore, Chief. In two volumes. Vol. I, pp. 318. January, 1901------ Meteorological Chart of the Great Lakes. Summary for the season of 1901. By Alfred J. Henry and Norman B. Conger. Prepared under direction of Willis L. Moore, Chief U. 8S. Weather Bureau. Pp. 382, charts 13: (W. B. No. 258.) January, 1902 -.-..--__-- arse ee ae Loss of Life inthe United States by Lightning. Prepared under the direction of Willis L. Moore, Chief U.S. Weather Bureau, by Alfred J. Henry, Professor of Meteorology. Pp. 21, pls. 4. Bulletin No. 30. (W. B: No. 256.) February, 19022 Pricei10 cents. 2 . . 2f2202b- ae! 3 Wind Velocity and Fluctuations of Water Level on Lake Erie. Prepared under the direction of Willis L. Moore, Chief U.S. Weather Bureau, by Alfred J. Henry, Professor of Meteorology. Pp. 22,charts. (W.B. INO#2625)eeMay. 1902, Price,o0icents sta ee =o eee ee Meteorological Chart of the Great Lakes. No.1, 1902. By Alfred J. Henry and Norman B. Conger. Prepared under the direction of Wil- lis L. Moore, Chief U. S. Weather Bureau. Pp. 26, charts 2. (W. B. ames. ia Wag OU 28 2k tk Ne een a eek he Floods and Flood Warnings. By H. C. Frankenfield, Forecast Official, Weather Bureau. Pp. ii, 477-486. (Reprint from Yearbook of Depart- meat of Acriculture for 1901.) May, 1902.~ s222 sooo ose See ae The Chinook Winds. By Alvin T. Burrows, Observer, Weather Bureau. Pp. iii, 555-566, figs. 3. (Reprint from Yearbook of Department of Aormenitare for 1901). May, W002 53292 2s) Ss aoe se Eclipse Meteorology and Allied Problems. Prepared under direction of Willis L. Moore, Chief of Weather Bureau, by Frank H. Bigelow, M.A., L. H. D., Professor of Meteorology. Pp. 166, charts 43. (W. B. No. G72) aune. 1902. (Price: b0icentssa4- aa aa == = ce ee ee Chmate and Crop Bulletin No.'16., duly 2, 1901 2-222 <2. 22-2. = = Climate and Crop Bulletin No: 7. duly-9, 1900 5285 9) es ee eee Climate and Crop Bulletin No.18.— July 16, 1900 =". - = sees) es Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 19. July 23, 1901 __._. __.__.-..---_----- Climate and’Crop Bulletin No. 20. July 30, 1901 _.- =. ..-=.-_.-.- =. Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 21. August 5, 1901 -..________._-_-_-___-- Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 22. August 12, 1901 --_.._.___ --.------ Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 23. August 19, 1901 _.____._____.-___---- Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 24. August 26,1901 __________._-------- Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 25. September 2, 1901 ___._._---__-____- Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 26. September 9, 1901 --_.--_--_-_____- : Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 27. September 16, 1901 -_____._---_____- Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 28. September 28, 1901 --_-.----_. _____- Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 29. September 30, 1901 -__-__--__--__--- Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 30. October, 1901-_-.-.--.--------------- Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 31. November, 1901 -_..-----.---_----- Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 32. December, 1901.-._....--.---------- 368 Copies. 15, 000 25, 000 10, 000 2, 000 1, 000 3, 000 1, 000 1,500 2,500 1, 200 364 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Copies. Climate and ‘Crop Bulletin Nova. ‘January, 1902. 227225) 222 e ee ee 4,840 Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 2. February, 1902-__.. .-_.---_-_------ 4, 850 Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 3. “March, 1902)2: 2222 2-2_ 2222-4222 23 4,800 Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 4. -April 14, 1902._..... 2__--. 9-_2_._-4~ 4, 450 Climate and’ Crop’ BulletinwNo. 5:7 Apnli2i( 1902 eS 4, 500 Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 6. April 28, 1902 __--__.. --.---.--+--— 4, 500 Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 7. May 5, 1902 ____________-_____-----. 4, 500 Climate and Crop Bulletin No: 8. May. 1219022522 _ 2222) eee 4,500 Climate and Crop Bulletin No.9. May 19, 1902 ..-.___---_--._--- oe 4, 500 Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 10.. May 26, 1902 ___.__.-----_-.--£-==-- 4,500 Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 11.) June 2, 19022--- - =) 2 2 eee 4,575 Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 12. June 9, 1902_--_---.---.-.------. oe ne A807 Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 13. June 16, 1902______-__--___--_-_.-- 2 (A, ATS Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 14. Jume 23, 1902.____ .__._--.--.---..-. 4,475 Climate and Crop Bulletin No. 15. June 30; 1902___-__-1_ =. --__-4----2- 4,475 Snow,and Ice Bulletin; » December 371190 eae ees See eee 1,800 Snowsand=(ce-Bulletin. — December lO i190 ae ee ee ee 1, 800 Snow and Ice Bulletin. December 17, 1901____- bare ied ot Poet yt 1, 800 Snow and Ice Bulletin “December 24) 1901. sa eee a Se 1, 720 SnowiandslcerBulletim December 31, 190M ae ee ee ee 1,800 Snow:and Ice"Bulletin. January, 7.190252 ea ee ee ee : 1,800 Snowandiice Bulletins January lass 02 ees ao eee Se eee 1,800 Snow, andlee Bulletin’ Januaryec ls 902s ae see eee eS eee eee eres 1,800 Snow andtice Bulletin: = Januaryscs. 19025. ween eee epee eel 1, 823 Snow and ice Bulletin: Mebruary 4, 1902 2222222 ee 1, 850 Snow. and. lice Bulletin:.- Hebruary, Ei 9022 en eee 1, 850 Snow and ice Bulletin hebruarye1651902 ee ee ee ee 1, 850 Snow, andice*Bulletin® ‘Mebruary?25,1902 222 2 eee 1, 850 Snow,andulcelBulletines: March 451902 5. ene se eee eee 1,850 Snow and: Ice:Bulletin= sMarcnlal90 2h. eee ee ee eee 1, 850 Snow and Ice *Bulletin== MarchllS:1902s2 ee ee eee 1, 850 Snow and icelBulletine “March! 2551902 ee ee eee 1,850 Daily Weather Map (showing weather conditions throughout the United States and giving forecasts of probable changes): Faby AQ OTE A Pee SAO LUN oP oe AE ie, te! SORE ta a ara Sh Ee eee 43, 250 AUSUB Es LOO Lee Ets ed UM eT nl seed eae.” REE yea ee ae 44, 150 September! 1900 22 oo -0h iT. aR: Tae ee iS) es Pee: 2 ee 45,175 October21901 j2iw. 2. stb et ie eed ee ee ee ee 44, 300 November, 9012 = Se Ras Ne eR RS | ee ee 45, 500 December! 1902.2 2 Sh. HE is AS SS are elt i es, SST ee ee 46, 660 January; 190222222. 2. olen 2eee Pe SSE a en ee 42,500 Pebruary, 190203 ot uP a) OTe. SE er 2 alee, 43, 200 March 19022 28 e h) Ba Ls 7 nal re LE Fo ee See 43, 827 April, 1902 2 sees oe ele Eo, AE ER ee RE ae 2 rep eA 42,500 May. d902 22327 2 UL EA OY 5 ee oe ee 43, 210 June; 1902 . Wii See ee TU SER OR as ee aoe : DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. APPENDIX B. 365 REPORT IN DETAIL OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE U. S. DEPART- MENT OF AGRICULTURE RECEIVED AND DISTRIRUTED DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1902, THE PUBLICATION OF WHICH IS PROVIDED FOR BY LAW. [Notre.—The publications of the Weather Bureau are not distributed from the Division of Publications, but by an official in that Bureau specially charged with such work, and directed by the order of the Secretary of Agriculture, dated March 29, 1897, to report to the chief of this Division. A list of Weather Bureau publi- cations is given in separate tables. | Publications other than Farmers’ Bulletins received and distributed from July 1, 1901, to June 30, 1902. Distrib- Publication. Publications printed prior to July 1, 1901 DIVISION OF ACCOUNTS AND DISBURSEMENTS. Report of the Chief for 1901 DIVISION OF AGROSTOLOGY. Bulletine Novos 5-2- s2-32S Bn Sas = Se ee Re See OEE Sree pore ee BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. Bulletin No. Bulletin No. Bulletin No. 31 Bulletin No. 32 Bulletin No. Bulletin No. Bulletin No. Bulletin No. 37 Bulletin No. Bulletin No. Bulletin No. PTE fino s4a,2= co ot See 2S ee Sie ee Sas Coe Circular No. 23 (second revision) Circular No. 25 (reprint) Circular No. 31 (revised) Circular NOsde=--<../=--= == Sees Set Sea Se wo Re 9 hae Bs ts ATCT ING OOo an sae een eon rs ee ae See ee oe te ee ee RS Circular No. 37 Repor got Chief for 190i. 5.25522 2 a saen naan oo enase eas seeeas ea eeeeee Hones Bee eer Annual Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry for the VICE QUO Senne 2 aR oes a a See ee es Sh ee ee The Thirteenth International Congress, from Seventeenth Annual Re- ort of Bureau of Animal Industry The Bacillus of Tuberculosis, from Seventeenth Annual Report of Bureau teenth Annual Report of Bureau of Animal Industry --------_----.----.- The Free Distribution of Blackleg Vaccine, from Seventeenth Annual Report of Bureau of Animal Industry ----------.---------- Se ene BuTresmioreanimal Manstry: =~ e e ae e ee aoeee Cattle Ticks of the United States, from Seventeenth Annual Report of Bureau of Animal Industry Market Milk, etc., from Seventeenth Annual Report of Bureau of Ani- THON GUS Y= 2 SSeS ae Se eee eae ae a eee ae Dairy Products at the Paris Exposition of 1900 Senate Document No. 168, Fifty-seventh Congress, first session. Statistics of Oleomargarine, Oleo Oil, and Filled Cheese- ---.-.-...--.--------------- DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY. Bulletin No. Bulletin No. Bulletin No. Bulletin No. Circular No. Circular No. Circular No. Circular No. Circular No. | Received. Tare Tee ee 27,221 | 200 | 126 3,000 | 2,750 14,400 | 12, 820 1,000 | 1,000 10, 000 9,000 20,000 16,191 20,000 14, 260 2/000 1,366 7,000 | 2) 162 10,000 ! 6, 430 2.000 1.416 4,000 4,000 6,000 5, 918 2,000 701 20.000 19, 465 1,000 1,000 15,000 17,563 4000 4.500 5,000 3,059 3/000 474 500 274 9,000 7,721 300 300 300 1,500 $ 3,500 208 1,000 256 2,000 445 1,000 205 8,000 | 7,230 12; 000 12, 000 500 500 1,500 1,7 2,000 7 5,000 3,217 5,000 4, 067 500 118 2,500 2,700 2) 500 1,050 1,000 | 1,090 600 507 366 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Publications other than Farmers’ Bulletins received and distributed from July 1, 1901, to June 30, 1902—Continued. Publication. | Received. DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL SURVmY—continued. Circular Nags (een eee ee hae a te 2 1. Ee Reportiof therActing Chiefil90ue. if ses ee Fe Ss 2 SE I | North AmericansHannaiNo:\ 20ers North, American HaunaeNoi2 son ena 5. See ee ee en a ow ee DIVISION OF BOTANY. Bulletin NOR GS. ee 8 : ae ee ne ee ence ee ee ee ee Bulletin No. 26 Bulletin No. 27 RUINS GIN INO ero eaten) ae See 5 ae sa Da Tig eae am hy ees S eset on Bee ne Oe Bulletin No. 29 Contributions from the U. 8. National Herbarium, Vol. V, No. 6___------- Contributions from the U. S. National Herbarium, Vol. VI ------.-------- Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium, Vol. VII, No. 2---___-- Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium, Vol. VII, No. 3__-___-- BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. BillLStinT NOsla eat el Becton, eee Rene eP ree ae aati ee ty Re a aN IBuallotineNor4sG ese Sa 2 eke ae = Se eae Ae eae ee es ae a ee ne ae Pees Bulletins Nose {sss Be ee a Rae 8 La as a eee eee en LaApUNysy nb eds Roya oy ee eR EE Se ee od RS eee 8 ee tS BUS GINO RGB) ere cee one fee eae a eee ea aa ny Oe ee PRO en hp RR er Bille tinvwNiokGde eee Fae ee. SSE Oe Se esa yh eee 5 eter ep een a ee | IBilletini NO: Gor Bars esse = oR epee Bat Shh ee ee ee ee eee Reprint from Bulletin No. 67- CincnlariNots eae eee Circular iN sacs ots eee. ee ee ee eee pS eh. 2 Circular ANosshs ess: oe eee a eh aes le ee ee ee ae Fact CircularyNiosOy Soe ass srs ae ee re ee tee een ee CTP TT AT INO) OP ee eee ae ete ee eee eee | Progress of the Beet-Sugar Industry in the United States in 1898 ______-._- | Methodsiof: Amaliy sis of ign rs seen ee a ee eee | Methods of Examination of Meat and Meat Products ---.------------------ | Methods of Analysis of Edible Oils, Fats, etc -...-....--..__---------------- Report of Cheniish fon OOM sarees cee ae een ne ene terme cy et rea) eutee DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. Bulletin No.4 (revised edition) ___.._..-...--.-_=_---- RCS Ses A ae ee BulletingNosZol(reprin) 2.2925. ee eee IB Trebino NON ete eee eee ee Sere es Ae ee ee ee eee eee SUIS ITIGIN Ova eee eae re tee ape oe eae eee Ne on er ie eee eRe eae IBaTehinNOscore- ms eee Se ee ee ee pe aw abe ea eS eee BUNSEN Oxo eer sy be aS ee Rar es eR ee eee N ey eR Tw et er ee Bulle binNiovs Wete= he sae ee ee ea re eee Bulletin NovS2 es eee eee ee ee ee eae eee ee Bull6tineNosso es 2 RF eS EE ee ee ee eee nee ee ae Se ee Bulletin NG Sie ee a ee ee ae tee eee ae Bulletin Nos oi@dechnicaliseries)) 2 meet ame ease oae ee ee oo a ae ek ei Reprint from Bulletin No.31, Jarring of the Curculio, etc -_.-__.--.------- Gircular NG29(SeconGdiSeries)) =o so aaa ee re a el eee ee Circular Noss6\(Reprint) hie ae ee ee re Circular Nos42 (second Series)! 222825 fone see aaa re een ee eee oe Circular Nol44i(second series) 232: aoe ee een ne eee ee oe GirewlarNos45 (SeCond: SCTIES)) hacen toe eee te oe ee ee ee eee GirculariNosev (BECONG'SeriI6S) he se Sn eee ee eee era Circular No.48\(second Series) liso ee ne ene ee ee eee ee CircularsNo, 49! (Second seriés) ae een ee eae Report of the ntomolosist tor OU les ses see ae eae ee ae | General Index to the Seyen Volumes of Insect Life, 1888-1895________-____- OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. Reprint from Bulletin No. 80, Inspection Work, etc ---.-------------------- | Bulletin No.92 Greprinit a sea ee ee aa Bulletin No:93) (reprint) esos en ee ee ee ae Bulletin: No: 94 (reprinih) Sess eS ae es Re ee eae [ Bulletin No. 95 (reprint) - _ YeNe sa 2 ae ee eee ee eee iBulletiny No: 96 (Tepring) sooo nee set ee eee eres ee eee Seal eg eS IBulletinyNosGRs. be oh ee ee wee ee BMUetININO ZOO = eto e Ee ee eee eee American Agricultural Experiment Stations, from Bulletin No. 99___.-_- What is Most Worth in Modern Education, from Bulletin No. 99_____--_-- The Legislative Career of Justin S. Morrill, from Bulletin No. 99 __.-.---- The Connecticut Experiment Station, from Bulletin No. 99 ___------------ General Drift of Education at Land-Grant Colleges, from Bulletin No. 99- Burley; Tobacco; ete;, from) Bulletin No: 9902 ole ee eee eee eee erie 1,000 SgeuESESEEECESEE sssussseusssssssssss COCUSDM CCID WWNWWW EP Pee Rita tnt iter ait eee seed — DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. 367 Publications other than Farmers’ Bulletins received and distributed from July 1, 1901, to June 30, 1902—Continued. Publication. . Distrib- Received. een OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS—continued. ence of Experimenting with Cigar-Wrapper Leaf, from Bulletin No. Available Energy of Food and Body Material, from Bulletin No. 99______- Cooperative Field Experiments, from Ballotin Mog Cooperative Dairy Herd Tests, from Bulletin No.99___...__....__....__..-- Our New Agricultural Industry, from Bulletin No. 99 --.....--.--.---.---- Plant Physiology in Relation to Horticulture and Agriculture, from Bul- SUTIN IO BOO MERE Ath oak eS oe ee eS ace wae eee es Sy ee Laboratory Work in Horticulture, from Bulletin No. 99____...___.-.__-.-- The Educational Status of Horticulture, from Bulletin No. 99____..___.- eer 389 Extension in pe aegis: at Cornell University, from Bulle- bitte NON GO eee ne fa od ee Lett Da a Os Cee el omen Cee ek Progress of Variety Testing in Experiment Station Work, from Bulletin NOM OO eae Se So See ERE ae Ne Br Tee ot IO Peas aR SE HEL What our Experiment Stations have done in Originating Varieties of Plants tence ey Lr OTMYE WLeEhINMN Os 99 see eos on ee aes Cena eee soso Seed and Plant Introduction, from Bulletin No. 99 __.....-_..-.----------.- Grass and Forage Plant investigations in the United States... ___.____ aoe House Arranged for Pot Experiments, etc., from Bulletin Entomology in the Southern States, from Bulletin No. 99___... ._.-.__----- Suggestions Toward Greater Unilormity: i in Nursery Inspection Laws and vnulings, sromlballeting No: 09h 09 oe nose oe = ae ee ee Experiences in Nursery and Orchard Tne pecucn, from Bulletin No. $9___- Nursery Inspection, etc., from Bulletin No. 99___.__-___..-..--.-_.----=---- Recent Results with Hydr rocy aie Acid Gas for Destruction of Insects, CLCe pLrOTOVS Le bi NO GO se ee ee Oe Se ea oe kes The Danger to American ae ticulture from the Introduction of Injurious HewmMovmndectss rom Sulletin NG no) sos) ee ete as en cee ea ae Nursery Inspection and Orchard Insecticide Work in Illinois, from Bul- NEGinWINIOR OD Sees een ee eee es ee See ERE a ee mens A Little-Known Asparagus Pest, etc., from Bulletin No. 99__._.._______-_- Economic Entomology in Florida, from Bulletin No. 99_______.__________-- The Relation of the Agricultural and Mechanical College to the State, ELOISE lL QulnUN IO 790 sen sc see Se ce es aie Sete een eae oe ee ae ks Some Observations upon Artace punctistriga, from Bulletin No. 93 ____--- The Student of Mechanic Arts, An Apprentice, from Bulletin No. $9 _ FSELS faze Nie 00 pear See ers eee ene ee eee eee et Less Di ay ot ae Pe The Agricultural Situation in California, r eprinted from Bulletin No. 100_ Features and Water Rights of Yuba River, California, reprinted from SUGHINWN Orel) meee me ee ene as NN re ee ee Irrigation Investigations on Cache Creek, reprinted from Bulletin No. 100- Report of Tapeeseetion Problems in the Salinas Valley, reprinted from STO GEICO) reer aon ees ee ee Nee ne eat oe rare ee we ee eer Irrigation from the San Joaquin River, reprinted from Bulletin No. 100-. Irrigation from the San Joaquin River, reprinted from Bulletin No. 100_- ree tr aagation Problems of the Honey Lake Basin, reprinted from Bulletin OL OG eee ea eee Se pe cages a Se = A ne ree as oa eee Problems of Water Storage on Torrential Streams of Southern Califor- hip PoepLintedscrom DS ullehiny NO Ole eee e ny tea eas ees Water Appropriation from Kings River, reprinted from Bulletin No. 100_ [eri euirhay AN); TO) | ee ees ee ee ie Se a ee ae Seat, Cee ee eee» tps We PCS HTN OAL OLE Se, a8 wes SRL ee Late Bee 9 aan ao ans otc Mie (Balle fine Nore Oar re ee Se oe he ey ee See Bulletin No. 104 _______ Se et es ee BE ee Bee eee ttn aes oe Bae GinvING LO = 52S oc a Se see ee pe ae a Ra Oe ne IO etka! IO) ee a SO SE NS eee en soe Oe BnlletineNowlOite c=: 2s 28s 325 o ea ee ee pee a hee ie Bulle tinv No wlOS a a2 4. ae Soe ee Se ee ee a ES Sa ae SaetingINO MOG me = See oS ese CEL) Sey ee i ee ee ne Se ee ENS Fa LETFUN ESB AaT Joys IN) See ee ee aera ee AE. RIE Be re Bale bina Hales oe ey Se Eh Se hee SSRI eee ARE eS Bulletin Nowa.” 2 see. ae es oe ee ee ee, Se Foreign Experiment | Stations, reprinted from Bulletin No. 111 ___________- Organization Lists of the Agricultural Collegesand Experiment Stations in the United States, reprinted from Bulletin me eee 2 ek ee ee Lor rigation Investigations for 1900, No. 1, reprinted from Bulle- ETIMEIN OS | OA RNs re a od th EP A oS Ue I Be Se Report of te igation Investigations for 1900, No. 2, reprinted from Bulle- FESYTUPRINNT COS OS ea Sa ae ye eee ee ed Flat ee Repor “ ee Investigations for 1900, No. 3, reprinted from Bulle- Git GINO LOGO. oo oe ee A SC a ne) see ati Report of Irrigation Investigations for 1900, No. 4, reprinted from Bulle- oan N 0. 104. . =e Ee ee eee ewe Se ee ee et eee oh eae oe t BE the Di ector of the Office of Exper iment Stationsss 2o3 22.022 2-25 Experiment Station Record, Vol. XII, No. 1 (reprinted)........----------- 100 24 100 24 100 25 100 35 100 26 100 100 100 25 100 4 100 24 100 24 100 50 100 25 100 24 100 25 100 5 100 2 100 24 100 24 100 24 100 25 100 24 100 24 100 25 100 50 100 2% 100 4 100 100 1,000 1,000 287 500 210 500 231 500 182 500 155 500 155 500 163 500 150 500 340 5,000 4,389 37500 4) 187 4°00 1,755 1,000 882 1/500 1,395 1,000 870 4°00 3,304 2,500 1,859 3,500 2) 363 5,000 3,063 1,000 935 3,000 380 3,700 "9 2,500 90 {6 O00! [2 AEE een Tt 1) nie poe 1,000 ee 7 000:| 0. ae 1,000 | 1,000 1,000 620 3,000 | 2,039 500 150 368 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Publications other than Farmers’ Bulletins received and distributed from July 1, 1901, to June 30, 1902—Continued. Publication. Received. OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS—continued. Record; Viol XT, NOM = so er hk ee Sad ae are ec ee Record) Viol exh INO seo oe ee eee ee ee Records V Olexel NOW: oie Ca ee ee oe ere en ee Soe eee ReECOrd: Viol XIE NOMS === ae = ee ee ee ee Se pes eg IROCOFGS VOLT EXLE. (NOVA. =e ee ee ee Record, VOleeEEE INO. Sie ahd = ae nt eee ee ee Record, Viole LUT. (NO VOL a Se a ee ee Se ee oe eee Record, Vol. XIU, No.7 Diane ae aim ra citi Sena Saale ot Se rer ete cet epee Record, ViOISeDTT INGi8 oe 8 a es ee es oe Ash Coi Constituents of Plants, etc., reprinted from Record, Vol. XIII, OSs and 4h: |. 2. eee eee ee eS eee eee Bulletin No.1, Hawaii Experiment Station, Chickens and Their Diseases nea welt os et aed Ee ia re a a eae aaa Bulletin No. 1, Alaska Agricultural Experiment Station_-—__...___...____-- sa ee of the Office of Experiment Stations for the year ended mune sd: 190 ce tos. So eee ees See ee ae eee eee ace week BUREAU OF FORESTRY. Bulletin Novo eprinh) ass see eee ee een a eeee SRE Bulletin No. 10 (reprint) Bulletin - Now? (reprint) 5 ske etaes eee see ee ee) A ee eee Bulletin. Nort (Teprint)ia_ soe swes tele Sere Se een eee See ee eee Bulletin ING: 26)(TEPrinby aes se eee cee a ee ees. een Cee yak eee ee Bulletin NOs (eeprith)\ ss se os ee nes ke Oe eee oe ee IB SGT INO Nea) es ae ee et oe ee ee ee BS ULGEIN NO Melee roe ee ek So ee Te ee ae a ee ae IB UL Ta INO he ee ee ee ee ae ee ee ee Report of the Forester for 1901 Cenalar INTO Rs ACE PIS Gee nee eee ae ee ea ee eee House Doc. No. 181, Report upon the Forestry Investigations of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1877-1898 (reprint) ---..........----.--------- | SECTION OF FOREIGN MARKETS. Bulletin No9 (reprint)ise 5: oe ss See ae eee ee eee ee ‘Bulletin/JNoSl4 (reprint) * os. Ss Sse See eae eee eee ee ee ee eee | IBietin INO Ore prin ib) rsa tee ee eee a ee eee ee | BulletinENos 20 (Pe priie) (ssaee ee ees OE ee a ae ee ee Bulletin No. 21 (reprint) EIS NS ES Beet ee ee Senso. seat oleae aes Bulletin No. 22 (reprint) Bulletin No. 23 (reprint) Bulletin No. 24 (reprint) Bulletin No. 25 (reprint) IBTHeL MENG eee ee ee eee ee ee ee ee ee Cireular NOSOs-. << fe oss Fee EE eae Se eR Oe oe ee ee ee ee Report of the Chief of Foreign Markets for 1901.......-.....-.------------- LIBRARY. Bulletin: NO.:36.2 0255 base eS ee Se et os ee ee eee BulletinsNondy 2s ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Bulletin Mosse 322 Sees. ee ee ee i ee ee Bulletin INO jo9 fee ae RGN 95s PS 5a Eee er i LSD ee ES DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. Monthly Tastof Publications for June moles ss. 2 we- 522 on ee ee Monthly List of Publications for July, 1901 __-.-_-- eS oon a ee ee Monthly List of Publications for August, 1901__.....-.....--....---.-------- Monthly List of Publications for September, 1901 ---.-.---.---------------- Monthly List of Publications for October, 1901_-_--.._-.-..------------------ Monthly List of Publications for November, 1901 Monthly List of Publications for December, 1901 Monthly List of Publications for January, 1902__---- Monthly List of Publications for February, 1902-----.---.------------------ Monthly List of Publications for March, 1902-_---...------ -----------+------ Monthly List of Publications for April, Aap en ae nan rg Monthly a Of Publications for Maya O02 sees a seen ee ee See ees Circular Nose pee oe ae ee ae ere ees Sg rn ene Report of Ge Editor for: 1901. 62.5 Bet ee RE os eel ea No. 179. List of Publications for Sale by Superintendent of Documents. - No. 247. List of Publications for Free Distribution__............-...-.------ DIVISION OF POMOLOGY. Bulletin Novos jes Peta eee oo he Be ot OE et ae te ee Eee Bulletin NoMO ee. 25. ths seks Fe ee ee sre cn RTP Ras | 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 °,000 5,000 5,000 200 5,000 3,000 6 1,000 3,000 2°500 1,000 3° 000 5,000 10,000 7,200 10,000 10, 000 12,000 500 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 10, 000 1,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 11.100 2/500 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 750 200 waASARRVlsSsss ge BEeeeeeeseee"ee= — wre Sx Bit = RES or a ee Ea WAODPO Wee Pet eet et) peseessasuag SSSS=ze mi S S2eessess Decl i BS DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. 369 Publications other than Farmers’ Bulletins received and distributed from July 1, 1901, to June 30, 1902—Continued. Publication. | Received. Disteres ml BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. Bulletin No.1-_--.-.-- ee eee et 2,500 | 2,333 Bulletin Noe ee 2,500 1,874 Oe GT NOs Sees oe re See ee Er Ee A See as Se ee 4,500 2,566 PE fe Gs ea SIN es a a ee ee eee ays sion 5,000 1,599 IBalishine NO rot eos er 2a seit oe ee ERs Se et Ok A es ee se as i ARN 1,000 1,000 ire NOCD Sener a ee Soper ee See Ee SOE Le ee ee ee a ee 2,500 1,011 Bulletin No.7-_-_--_--_- pad api te Rett bash: Se Ree tn Si Laer Or eng rare. 2,500 2, 094 IB ENOLH DIO NS ee cet seen seek ere ne eS FS ee ee ete 2,000 1,123 FES EAE LTR NCO NO Ce ae weit oe 900 Sd as PS ee ee ie tee Ree 2,000 1,079 FES Es aT Nl) een ee eS TE EE RE eee 3,000 1,005 nellatineNOnitee see hoe Pet Res teed 7 toe eee ee eee ee 5 5,000 1,115 BrrliG unions ae ese es es ee eee eee eee 2,500 672 Shi N Oss eres oe t e e e 2,500 1,085 Sardis abies o. 1 eS Oe a ee ee ee ee ee Pee 2 JS Sus See ee 3,000 3,000 [Ere Tete Noes Sete eae ear ee Be Ba kk eB ee ee ne ee | 2,500 1,186 Seat Ob LNG Cee See oe AL e ee Te aoe a ee ee ee See a ee 2,500 | 960 IBGE Orleans Se ee eS 5,000 2, 197 SES tel Perens Ope a eres eee on a LE ey ett ee En Been aes Og Pe ee de 3,000 2,329 EVENS GLE IN OEE Ore ee eee ee aoe a eee on ota eee a ate oe eee 3,000 2,940 TES SREP ERLE SIN Obs ee eee ee Sa eee ae Pe OE ee ee 25, 000 3, 907 Repormot bho Chie! fori Oi S92 eo eee ee se eee eee 1,000 290 OFFICE OF PUBLIC ROAD INQUIRIES. | IBBIGGIVNG Ove 2 ee se EE ei son Sa ee ie ea 1,000 225 IDOLE O Stee soe oo ee et ee re eee ee rene ae eS ee eee 5, 000 15 tbe NO stewie sas) Cote hl and ee eee ee ee a en ee ee 5, 000 300 Evens e N Org eee ee oe ee nek ey eee 5; 000" Seats Esra INO lees ae ne oe oe he Ee ee en oe eee en ee ee 20, 000 12,930 BiG (oes oe See ee ees ee SS a Ca see Se ane eS 5, 000 3,475 CiCilaryNOS 25 ee a ee ees eee Stee, Bae os ery ELE o) A 15, 000 400 @ircular NOs 215229. 252 nee A eon a ecne a eee ases p= eee tt 1,000 | 350 URGTHIAT AN O55 eat pp tee se mene Be aon ae Ce a Ce cee ey ey 10,000 | 1,700 @ireular No.olt 222.02) eae eas a See ee eee ea Se a See ee 5,000 | 3,896 GinGiAT NOS oO Se ar ern ie Seer ee ee es eee 1,100 | 838 Report of Director of Office of Public Road Inquiries for 1901______________ 1,000 | 650 isto boad ta WNCa blond) se ee ea cen ao eee ee Ee ee 5,000 4,400 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY. Prolimmary Report of secretary for 1901 = Sse ss aes 45, 000 45, 000 Report 62\(reprint))- 2 === 22 Sah eee tt PS EG a eS Bee ES 3 1,000 67 RGD Oh OO See eens oe. So oe a eats eae SaaS wees s Se eee ee eee 2,000 1,250 ODOR GUS csbe ee aoe = Sa ae oan eee oe ae ee A ee ee SSE 68, 000 53, 182 RA DOR GOL sooo sete aoe See A a eee eee coe ones beeen ae Soe eee ee 3, 000 2,102 WGBORD 42 = 25228 O24 2 a oe Saas sl ce eoe Jar eck oe el ae ae 6 6 Wearboolouune Pe oaruiment fOr ISO) 5 == 292) ces ee eee ee ee 6 6 Annual Reports of the Department of Agriculture for 1901 _-_____________- | 3,000 2,800 IReporhoLune- Appointment Clerks 2. - 2. eaten eae eee eee te 2,000 1,783 Senate Document No. 282, The Hot Springs of Arkansas -____-_____-____--- 500 350 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau for 1901, from Annual Reports 6: the) Department of-Apricnl ttre -222--s 2-2. - sence se-- tesa ee 3, 000 2,900 ; BUREAU OF SOILS. lati Now lis $2 52 SS a a 23 Su ogee eeee Sete ae ee en ee ee 500 65 IE BUGELRUNGO Sle saa = 2 oe ee a a oe ee ee a re ae 2 ate Se ee 2,500 1,089 BilletmuNoslo. 225252 ent ae sae and Se eae Se ah ee ee 2,200 1,314 HUG EIN HO eee a oe oa es een ae ee 10, 600 3, 567 ar CU ATRIOS ae eee ee 3,500 3, 350 (CIEE TR 1S (0 (Uo ee ene eet” SA oe et = gk sone Se eS 3,500 3,044 Re por Ot GHieterOr, 1901). 2 ee ne ee ene ae ee ee 6,000 | 211 lnstructionio wield Parties, etc_— =< oe. ae ee nok ee ee 270 166 Field Operations of the Division of Soils for 1900___-_-______-____--__-_-___- 8,000 | 6,665 Soil Survey from Raleigh to Newbern, N.C., reprinted from Field Oper- mhlons fOr O00 --- - == 2: 5 a ee eee ee 1,000 240 Soil Survey in Salt River Valley, Arizona, reprinted from Report of INGIG Ojger nits. 18 NU ee 8 a ee en ce Soe See 1,500 1,500 Soil Survey of Calvert County, Md., reprinted from Report of Field Gnacahlons ton 190022 2-8-2 Fo ee a ee ee ee eee 1,500 | 1,048 Soil Survey of Montgomery County, Ohio, reprinted from Report of | 1 HicidiOperations for 1900:=- --2. -2---=s. 2 seen ae ee ee ee 1,500 338 Soil Survey of Kent County, Md., reprint from Report of Field Opera- | (Pare oss) | MNO GMa HGF oie Ma TS a gt, Noted =n eeieae|| 1,500 | 1,102 Soil Survey of Cecil County, Md., reprint from Report of Field Opera- HONS LOT: LGOU IS oe os ee ee ee ee ee eee Ee 1,000 791 Soil Survey of St. Mary County, Md., reprint from Report of Field Operations; Or 1 OOO ae ee ee eee eee eee ee 1,500 1,164 AGR 1902——24 370 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Publications other than Farmers’ Bulletins received and distributed from July 1, 1901, to June 30, 1902—Continued. ree aa Distrib- Publication. Received. ahedl. BUREAU OF SOILS—continued. A Soil Survey Around Lancaster, Pa., reprint from report of Field Operations tor 1900. re ee ee eee oes 2,000 1,429 Soil Survey Around Fresno, Cal., reprint from Report of Field Opera- tions Lor 1 QUO. Sc ihe ae ISS ee ee a ae oe ee ee eo. 1,000 922 General Review of the Work of the Division of Soils, reprint from Re- porboLHield Operations for O0 ns eee sere eee eee eee ere 500 453 Soil Survey in Weber County, Utah, reprint from Report of Field Opera- TIONS FORO ee ee ee ee ene eee 500 419 Soil Survey in the Sevier Valley, Utah, reprint from Report of Field Operations for i900 = 8 S2es oso see ae oe ee oe ee eee 500 247 Soil Survey Around Santa Ana, Cal., reprint from Report of Field Operations for 1900! soe ee ae we ee eee eee 500 500 AppneetOn of the Theory of Solution to the Study of Soils, reprint rom Report of Field Operations for 1900__-__-_------.-----.-------------- 500 457 Investigations on the Physical Properties of Soils, reprint from Report ol Wield Operations Lori 900 Sos 5 os hae ee as ee ee eee eee neem 500 455 DIVISION OF STATISTICS. Bulletin Nosdbi(revised edition) s= 2 e* nea ee eee eee eee 20, 000 20,000 Bulletin No: 20a esse ae eae TEPER eee PRPS PERE ee eee eee 15, 000 13, 378 Bulletin INOHZUS 1 ae ee ee ee ee ee eee 10,000 7,649 Bulle binyNO yess soe ae eee So re eee ee ee eee Se ek rae ane 30, 000 28, 824 Bulletin NON et ea ee ee eS a a ee ee ee eee 10,000 5, 226 Reporhio£ the Statistician for 1900 as ee ee ee ee ee 300 300 ReportioL thespatishician for 190-5 eee es ee ee eee 300 300 GroplreeporsferMwViol. NOs @reprint) ase. as see ae eee eee eee 500 500 Crop pReportery Viol] DH NON Geese se ee ee ee eee 87,000 86, 800 Crop Reporters Viol TDi Olah eo ee ee ae ne ree ee eee * 97,500 97,300 Crop Reporter aViol EDL VINO: 5 ome: see ener eee eee eee eee | 97, 000 96, 900 Crop Reporter wViol SLE NG 462s ss sey ye eee weer ene ene 93, 000 92, 600 GropiReporter Vol SEUNG isa ss = seen eee eee 94, 000 93, 650 Crop Reporter wVviol “LUIS NOs.G some ee ae ee ee eee eee 95, 000 $4, 800 Crop Reporter, Vol. ITI, No. 9_--------- Soe os bee es oe eee Ee ees 94, 000 94,00) Grop Reporter: av.ol: ls NO! 0! = 2 ee ee oe eae eee 94, 000 94, 000 CroplREporcer avo eULE NO. pil eee ae a eee 96, 000 95, 750 Crop Reporter Vil DEON Os 2 28 She ae oa ee a ee eee 98, 500 98, 000 Crop Reporter Violen lve NO ee | ee ee ee ee ee ae 98, 500 98, 300 Crop Re POTtS TRV a sMIVIN Oe ee eee 98,000 | 97,000 DIVISION OF VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY. Bulletin No wakreprint)2 2. =. 22 Sos 5. Se ee ee ee eee 1,000 54 Balloting NO: ores ao ee eee ener Se rs eee Ne ce ot She ieee cian 2, 000 1,144 STUNG ta INGO 20 es ee oe a ee ee eee en of Secs -teceeoe see 5,000 2,324 Girculaty NO MIG a es See Oe ee ene ee ee eee ee ee 1k 20, 000 4,800 EXTRACTS FROM YEARBOOKS. No. 8. Methods of Propagating the Orange and Other Citrus Fruits (re- Wised i fromevicaT: book G06 mse n0 2c. eee eee ee en ae ee 5,000 345 No. 118. Office of Road Inquiry, from Yearbook 1897 _-_-._----.------_+---- 2,000 550 No. 181. Rise and Future of Irrigation in the United States, from Y-ar- IOGIE 1800 aro he Se Cae 2 SS oe ee ee een ee 500 500 INO Loe MRabies etc. trom VeaT boo k-l G00 sees ste eee ee re eee 1,000 300 No. 194. The Food of Nestling Birds, from Yearbook 1900__....-----.------ 5,000 4,010 No. 195. Successful Wheat Growing in the Semiarid District, from Year- OO 11 S00 ee ne ee sree ere ee a oR ee nee ee eon eee 5,000 1,770 No. 196. Smyrna Fig Culture in the United States, from Yearbook 1900__- 1,000 558 No. 197. How Birds Affect the Orchard, from Yearbook 1900 ______-------- 5, 000 1,585 No. 199. Dairy Products at Paris Exposition of 1900, from Yearbook 1900 - 1,000 616 No. 200. Statistical Matter Relating to Principal Crops and Farm Ani- | seats ReeRey eeu Aerie) coved: 303.00) oS. es a a ae Se 11,000 | 9, 865 No. 201. Practical Irrigation, from Yearbook 1900 _-_...-..--.-..----------- 3, 000 1,851 No. 202. Amplification of Weather Forecasts, from Yearbook 1900 ___.---- 2,000 325 No. 203. Commercial Plant Introduction, from Yearbook 1900 -__---.------ | 5,000 | 410 No. 204. The Selection of Materials for Macadam Roads, from Yearbook T9002 ee eR Ie a RE Ee ere eee ee te eee one 3,000 | 3, 000 No. 205. Hot Waves, etc., from Yearbook 1900 ---.--.----------------- ns 2, 000 2,000 No. 206. Some Poisonous Plants of the Northern Stock Ranges, from Vea DOO ki 900 ee ee ee ee eee eee 3,000 1,615 No. 207. The Scale Insect and Mite Enemies of Citrus Trees, from Year- loreal eel At) lacaeeep ae ie eae sa ns TaN IY Lo) anys ho a eee ere! 1,000 637 No. 208. Fungous Diseases of Forest Trees, from Yearbook 1900 ___-____--- 5, 000 1,017 No. 209. Influence of Rye on the Price of Wheat, from Yearbook 1900___-- 1,000 736 No. 210. Mountain Roads, from Yearbook 1900 ____-__------------------ woe 3,000 3,000 No. 211. The World's Exhibit of Leaf Tobacco at the Paris Exposition, from. Vearboolk1900 re er ee ee eee 4, 000 2,018 No. 212. Forest Extension in the Middle West, from Yearbook 1900 --...-- 25, 000 20,520 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. 371 Publications other than Farmers’ Bulletins received and distributed from July 1, 1901, to June 30, 1902—Continued. Publication. | Received. | EXTRACTS FROM YEARBOOKS—continued. No. 213. The Value of Potatoes as Food, from Yearbook 1900_-.-.---.------| N » a faces Forestry in the Southern Appalachians, from Year- 00. No. 215. Commercial Pear Culture, from Yearbook 1900__-.--.----.-------- No. 216. Objects and Methods of Investigating Certain Physical Proper- hoon Sols strom Ves EDOOk 1900.2... at oS ae ee ee ee Soe No. 217. Developing of the Trucking Interests, from Yearbook 1900_---.-- No. 218. The Date Palm and Its Culture, from Yearbook 1900___----------- No. 219. Free Delivery of Rural Mails, from Yearbook 1900 ___----.-------- No. 220. Testing Commercial Varieties of Vegetables, from Yearbook 1900-_ No. 221. The Use and Abuse of Food Preservatives, from Yearbook 1900_- a ee Influence of Refrigeration on the Fruit Industry, from Year- 0 ko 1 SO ete tN 8 ig Ce 2S eee 2 ee ee eee No. 223. Our Native Pasture Plants, from Yearbook 1900_---.- ------------ No. 224. William Saunders, from Yearbook 1900 Ne. ae Ete Relation of Nutrition to the Health of Plants, from Year- ae No. 226. Mohair and Mohair Manufactures, from Yearbook 1901 No. 228. Some Typical Reservoirs in the Rocky Mountain States, from | Yearbook 1901 No. 230. Commercial Apple Orcharding, from Yearbook 1901 . The Tuberculin Test for Tuberculosis, from Yearbook 1901 . The Purpose of a Soil Survey, from Yearbook 1901 . Some Problems of the Rural Common School, from Yearbook . The Future Demand for American Cotton, from Yearbook 1901 __| . Insects as Carriers and Spreaders of Diseases, from Yearbook . The Timber Resources of Nebraska, from Yearbook 1901 Progress in Plant and Animal Breeding, from Yearbook 1901 . Agricultural Seeds: Where Grown and How Handled, from WieaTts OO ks OO We Se ae SS i re eee. ons eons eens ae Seee No. 239. The Cotton-Seed Industry, from Yearbook 1901 No. 240. Road Building with Convict Labor in the Southern States, from Wer boo kot Oi [ee Ss eee oe ee sce s ye eer pees Soe Saas e No. 241. Grazing in the Forest Keserves, from Yearbook 1901 No. 242. Agriculture in the Tropical Islands of the United States, from Wespid vole 12 11h. Ree a ee i ee ee ee eee en eae No. 243. The Present Status of the Mexican Cotton-Boll Weevil, from Sead cao ee OP oe es See en ee ee ane No. 244. Dietaries in Public Institutions, from Yearbook 1901 No. 245. Government Cooperation in Object-Lesson Road Work, from SY. Ca bOO ber NOG ee as eee a Ses 8 ee eae eee eee No. 246. The Home Fruit Gardens, from Yearbook 1901 No. 247. Two Vanishing Game Birds: The Woodcock and the Wood Duck, from Yearbook 1901 No. 248. Experimental Work with Fungous Diseases of Grasshoppers, from Yearbook 1901 No. 250. Floods and Flood Warnings, from Yearbook 1901 No. 252. Agricultural Investigations in the Island Possessions of the United States, from Yearbook 1901 No. 255. The Chinook Winds, from Yearbook 1901_--_-.-.-------------------- | No. 257. Influence of Environment on the Chemical Composition of Plants frome vest DOO OM eka Oe soos seca ee ae ee ae ie ee LY WEE E5225 52 = or RR RP eu a EE SS s 3 88 88 S22 2: SEE ror ape Sror Distrib- uted. 2, 714, 661 oe 372 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Farmers’ Bulletins printed, and Congressional and miscellaneous distribution, for the fiscal year 1901-1902. No. of Total | peat Miscella- bulle- | Title of bulletin. number — Co = neous dis- tin. received. ‘OMSTESS” | tribution. | men. 16,| ‘seraminons Plants s+: 22522 sesaae—te eee eee eee 20,000 17, 952 9, 000 17. | Peach Yellows'and Pesch' Rosette2=-- = =---- ee 8, 897 1,135 20 | Washed Soils: How to Prevent and Reclaim Them __|---------.-- 1,841 1,647 21) Barnyard) Manure 9s ees. ee 61,375 44,138 11,350 92) |\The heeding of Harm Aqimals-— 2. soe. = sae eee 70, 627 57, 567 13, 060 23: || Woods: NiitritivesValueand (Costs=-- = > 2s ae ee 8, 873 5, 183 24 | Hog Cholera and Swine Plague---._.--....----.------- 81,000 66, 919 13,175 Poll sPeannts:) Culsure and Ses sree ae eee een ee eee 30, 550 24,183 7,873 26: | ‘Sweet Potatoes: Culture'and: Uses 222. 922-222 ee 2 ee 2, 732 2,908 Pinlblaxstor Seeding Hier. eee ee aa ee ee ee ene 20,500 8,339 3, 423 28 Weeds. And Elow 10 Kall Themes 92222). 47,330 | 35,819 11,579 29 | Souring and Other Changes in Milk--_-_-..._-....------ 20, 625 29, 750 7,660 30 | Grape Diseases on the Pacific Coast ---_---------------- 15, 000 4,435 3,971 ol Alfalfa and daucern 4222) 2 22 ses Ss eee ee eee 60, 677 | - 480 10,611 S24 aSilostand Silago-ees eo noes eee ee eee 34,100 | 24,509 8, 808 33: | Peach Growing or Markee so oe ee 20, 200 27,7 8, 842 34 | Meats: Composition and Cooking--.-------------------- 46, OOO 25,931 8,559 35 | Potato Culture=22 2 ea ee eee 2 ee 76, 000 69, 457 15, 974 36 | Cotton Seed and Its Products 20, 900 18, 438 4,602 37 | Kafir Corn: Culture and Uses 40, 000 18, 963 Li itite 38 | Spraying for Fruit Diseases --.-..----------- 65, 000 35,777 10, 882 SOC MOmOon OUlGuress one set eee ree ee ee eee 20, 300 30,5 12, 889 ADR Harm Drainage = 8555 ss ee= 2 sees eee ee oe eee 30, 495 2d, 542 7,197 All) HowisiCareiand heeding 24 eo) eS 79, 500 65, 846 17,823 A) (MactsyAipout Muliee es 55 89 ee) Tie eae a ee ae | 49,890 39, 27 9, 333 43 | Sewage Disposal on the Farm-...----------------------| 30, 800 9,079 5,523 445 (Commercial Heralizers 2 sees ene ee cee eee 40,510 35, 918 8, 363 45 | Insects Injurious to Stored!Graintes = =s22 ete | 40, 000 26, 362 6, 028 AG | Irrigation in Humid! Climates. --- 2---2- === 22 - 20, 000 5, 140 4,643 47 | Insects Affecting the Cotton Plant ------------ Si Soe | 30, 116 22, 032 | 3,290 48) "he Manurin oot Cotton en ss. a =e neene nee ee 35, 935 28,719 3,461 AQ Sheep Heo ding - is oe are la at oat ele ee ep eee ee eee 101, 550 56,288 8, 242 50 | Sorghum as a Forage Crop-_-__------------------------- 39, 775 31, 155 7,733 51 | Standard Varieties of Chickens.__-_-_-._._------------ 140, 260 112,806 | 18, 204 52 Ohe sugar Beets a2 --- 28? Sse ee ene eee | 20, 302 42.980 | 6,428 53a SH OwabOle LO ws Mil SRTOORIS = 25 = fo eeee eee eae een ee ee 45, 650 16, 796 7,308 5s Some; Commons irds eee sa 2 ae eee oes Renee eee 64, 750 35, 807 | 10, 268 Bow neways Orgs hoes: san Sawn 2 oie Pee eee ee 77,000 68, 823 10,315 56 | Experiment Station Work—I_--_-..--_-.--------.--:-- 40,000 23,348 6, 762 bi buthorwMakin cone Marmasse. ===" sees 65, 800 , 983 10,176 58s| he soy, bean asa horare Cropess= sss es aeons 40, 400 30, 333 7,098 BOT BEG weCOpIN Sse oe. a ae eee ene Spe meinen nee eee 70,000 34, 530 10, 343 GOlleMethodsiof Caring obaccos= "2-5 a= == 41, 000 23, 607 4,917 615 Asparapus Cultune ee a eee ee 20, 260 28, 908 8,329 627|Marketing arm Produces -e) sass. 9 ee 50, 000 38, 036 8, 806 63: CareoL Malleconmine Warnd ss =) nen ene nena ee 64, 700 50, 526 12,475 64"/.< 90 2 Tee the Appleand How, to Grow: [h)o) oo ee Experiment Station Work—XIV __.________. ..-.__---- Hop Culturean: Calitornia a: 2 2252 eo rest ee ee iericetionin MrnibGrowing -- 2 -- 2-2-2 ee Sheep, Hogs, and Horses in the Northwest___________- Grape. Growingsn pheisouth-----— = 20h. | Experiment Station Work—XV __-_-...__.__--____----- IBRECTSIATLOCLING LE ODACCO = 2a eee re ee ee | Beans, Peas, and Other Legumes as Food ____________- Experiment Station Work—XVI ______.--.____.____._- Experiment Station Work—XVII _-______....______.__- protection of Food Productsfrom Injurious Tempera- PEE OS se ne a ee Se en ee ee Practical Suggestions for Farm Buildings ____________ mportanblnsechicides =s29— nee es see eee Heresiand Them Uses as Hood! cone ee ee Sweebi POtatoes Aan se aner eo ae ee aa The Mexican Cotton Boll Weevil ____-___..__..____-..- Household Test for Detection of Oleomargarine and Renovated BULLGre =< eee = es ee se Insect Enemies of Growing Wheat ___________________- Experiment Station Work—X VIII __-___-_.-____.____- Tree Planting in Rural School Grounds-______________- Sorshumi sirup Manufacture... 2 2 ARUN OAOS = 2520 ee = ek ee ‘RherAnrora Goats. os.-- 2.22.8 le Irrigation in Field and Garden ____________- 4 Emmer: A Grain for the Semiarid Regions___________ PANGAD PLOWS FO Wile earn eco Boece ee eee eens Poultry Raising on ihe Warn: 22 oss eee ee The Nutritive and Economical Value of Food ________ The Conformation of Beef and Dairy Cattle _________- Experiment Station Work—XIX ______.___.._________- Carbon Bisulphid as an Insecticide _________________._- Insecticides and Fungicides.-.____......_...__...._-...- Winter Forage Crops for the South __________________- Colery Cultunoss= foc een ee. teed ee Experiment Station Work—XX ___________________-..- Clearine New band =. 5 een. Bose iDainyine iar Ghe: SOUbn ee ee ee ee ee Scabiesani Cattle ee ee ee Orchard Enemies in the Pacific Northwest _______-__- The Fruit Garden Preparation and Care_______._____- | How Insects Affect Health in Rural Districts________- Total number received. nsaee SZRSSS5 Sesee yoRIVsyese SSLS= 19, 900 30 E ze SSSSbs BURSA Lywrwe rs) ad i=) ie SaR ISEsIaH et a loo} pet rs po S| seeuwsongusegse eos, | SSSSSssusssessessus 7) = SSeS REESE Distrib- | Miscella- uted to = Congress- | 2¢0us dis- aiath. tribution. 12, 987 | 5,896 31, 453 9,446 24, 811 6, 186 49,183 6, 838 20,474 6, 086 33, 591 8,913 14, 413 10,576 12,563 6,281 15, 232 5, 823 84, 037 12, 056 22,765 10, 369 4, 744 4,985 46, 396 7, 642 9, 857 3, 785 53, 886 6,079 53, 342 10,575 61, 784 22, 863 18, 294 7,049 3,716 2,489 16,518 6, 205 7,553 7, 922 23, 998 5,433 19,631 7,114 16, 463 4, 160 39, 577 7, 827 21,020 6,412 32, 338 8,108 33, 623 7,021 25,563 5,554 95, 553 15, 059 54, 630 11, 159 54, 205 11,418 56, 801 11,021 14,129 6, 495 44, 967 10,351 50, 484 10, 300 32, 155 16, 803 49,199 | 33, 668 34, 936 14, 043 54, 167 17, 647 43,380 | 18,540 21,801 | 12, 838 10, 181 | 9, 289 , 863 6, 341 90, 687 40,512 31, 664 23, 225 34, 385 12, 440 31, 309 24,494 5, 325 14, 895 13, 732 14, 666 20, 480 5, 608 19, 622 3,7 23, 812 14,71 12,419 4,143 5,451 2,072 8, 279 2,141 3, 567 2,089 17,891 2, 267 10,207 | 2,789 4, 289, 126 1, 240, 884 374 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Publications received and distributed by the Weather Bureau during the year ended June 30, 1902, by quarters. 3 ; Cay iG Number Number and title of publication. of copies. QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1901. Received. No. 246. Monthly Weather Review for May, 1901 .....---.-.. ..----.----------------------- 4,500 No. 247. Monthly Weather Review for June, 1901 -...-.-----.. --------------- ---- ---------- 4,500 No. 248. Weather Bureau Exhibit, Pan-American Exposition. --...-..---.---------------- 3, 000 No. 249. Monthly Weather Review for July, 1901__-.-..--------~_-.-.---.------------------ 4,500 Special Report on the Hurrricane of August 13-16, 1901, on the Louisiana and Missis- Sip COASTS eee oe eee ee ae ae ee ee ae aie eee eee 2,000 Bound Washington Daily Weather Maps from July 1, 1899, to December 31, 1899 -_-_---- 11 Bound Monthly Weather Reviews, January, 1900, to December, 1900-------- -------------- 200 Washington Daily Weather Maps----..---------------<-------- ---------------------------- 132,575 Climaterand: Orop Bulle times: se ese ee eee 57,508 Distributed. Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1891--92___.____--------------------------+-------------} 3 Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1893___...._-...- ------------ ------ -------------------- 3} Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1804________.--_=_--------- -----.=------=---- -+----~--- 4 Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1895-96 _____- ee SAAN SBD Str Me eee 33 Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1896-97 ______ _-.--------------------------- ------------ | 3 Report of Chiefiof Weather Bureau’ 1807-98 S22 ov tree en | 3 Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1898-99_-__._-_-_...------ ------------ ------------------ 4 Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1899-1900, Vol. I_----..-.---.------------------ --------| 6 Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1899-1900, Vol. IT-_-..--_---.. ---------------------___- 5 Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1891-92____....-----.-_---. ----___-_- | 9 Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1894____...__.._.--_-_._-__--_______- 4 Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1895-96 --..-_-.---. .--.------__-__--- 5 Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1896-97 --_.-- ---...------------------ | 17 Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1897-98 --_..---.---_---_--_---_------ | 18 Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1898-99 ___.___----.--------__--_----- | 10 Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1899-1900 ------------_---__--_------- | 39 Weather Burress Ulletin NiO. Lillie sir ty siti) eee ee eee ee ae eee | 2 Weather Bureau Bulletin, No. 22------ Lae d See ede ocho te EE ee ee ee 5 Wieathormburcauleillehin iN Onccese seas Sem aes eee eee ae a 8 BNA eseay til 1m) ES LT Ud MES UT LL Ge Gan TL IN Coy oy ere ee eee ees | 16 Weather Bulen as Ulle tii NOs cae eee ee ee en ee | 53 Weather Bureau Bullebim NOs coos sere ee een ee ee | 2 Wrieather Brest eb ule trie ees ues Nees eee Se eee eee 1 M(Ginniein deine ne SylUleynbol, OM aes Le so Do ee cee eee ace eee SSS Sess 4 WieathoribureatMb tlle tims) seems see ees Ba nee eee ee ee ee eee ee ee ee 16 Wicatherbureatieis tule pin soho 9 eee eee eee ee eee SR AST gases Meee 4 3 Ween a iKer ol eqouRecy iI Syo UMC nb G | Due ce Se Se oe i saan = eeroe water snscoe esses | 2 WieatherburentSullobinnG ne sees meee ena ee nee eee ee | 4 \Wieehe ese Teiober ol ISauUvsy mle sD to ee som a geaes on bab abane sere ee aseceeres: 5 Special Report on the Hurricane of August 13-16, 1901, on the Louisiana and Mississippi (Bret isgre hme Wad Ok ee eS ee eb ees od ins sa esom ao tide pMorueee seSiaS 2,000 Description of Cloud Forms ---.----------+--------- ---222 == 225 on nn ne 130 No. 246. Monthly Weather Review for May, 1901_.........-------------------------------- | 4,450 No. 247. Monthly Weather Review for June, 1901 --.-_----------------------------- Ee 4, 450 No. 248. Weather Bureau Exhibit, Pan-American Exposition---------.-------- 8, 000 INO. 249. Weather Review Lor duly, 1901-22-22) 22 sane ee eee CEA Es RGN ORGS Se 4, 450 Bound Washington Daily Weather Maps from July 1, 1899, to December 31, 1899_- -| il Bound Monthly Weather Review from January, 1900, to December, 1900_--.------------ 200 Washington Daily Weather Map. ..-----.-------------------------------------------------- 132,575 @limateand Crop Bulle tines ss. eee ce een eee eee 7,508 QUARTER ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1901. Received. No. 250. Instructions for Voluntary Observers (second edition) .--...-------.------------ | 5, 000 No. 251. Monthly Weather Review for August, 1901_-----.-------..---------.-------------.- 4,500 No. 252. Circular G, Instrument Division. Instructions for the Care and Management | of Sunshine Recorders (second edition) ------..------------------------------------------ | 1,000 No. 253. Monthly Weather Review for September, 1901 _---.--..------------------------- 4, 550 INOS 2oLa hey S Ola Cori terry bene ee ee a 500 No. 255. Monthly Weather Review for October, 1901__------------------------------------ | 4, 550 The Forecaster and the Newspaper (pamphlet) ----------------------------------------- _| 1,000 Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1899-1900 --..-.--.------------- -------------- 30 Washington Daily Weather Maps.-.-----------------------------------------------------+--- 136, 460 (Ol rar eevee aol Ordoy op] Sybl Ukeyribal= pee gee eye SS Ie BE he Oe oe Saas So nseconsso seas 14, 290 Snows and ce Bulletins soe sees nn ee ere ee es ae ee ee ae eee 7,350 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. 375 Publications received and distributed by the Weather Bureau during the year ended June 30, 1902, by quarters—Continued. Number and title of publication. QUARTER ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1901—continued. Distributed. Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1891-92 _....--....------------------------------------| Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1895-96 _____-.....------------------------------------ Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1898-99, Vol. IT __----- Pee PT 4 Peek TELE LE ead } Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1899-1900 - ---...-------------------------------------- Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1891-92 Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1895-96 -_____- --.------------------- Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1896-97 ___-..----------------------- Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1897-98 ____-_------- ---------------- Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1899-1900 - __-.._------ -------------- Weather Bureau Bulletin, No. 14 Wieatherm Bure bulletin NO. 1G 5502.2) eee enna eee en ee eee = ee ee eee Wicdthormbarcanebulietins NOs se. ulti sae beeen eee enema nee ee ea ee Weather Bureau Bulletin, No. 25 Weather Bureau Bulletin, No. 26 Weather Bureau Bulletin, C Weather Bureau Bulletin, D Wiesthom buroa nee tlle tins Byes seek eee a. See eae ee eee ee Weather Bureau Bulletin, F____-___-__---- Weather Bureau Bulletin, G-_-.-------------- The Forecaster and the Newspaper----------- Description of CloudsWorms(2* 228 == sacs 22 32-2- Washineton: Daily Weather Maps .= 2) = == a eee Glia terrane Gro pubs leh ints es ee ee ee SHO WiC ICORES Ul ELT eee ten re en eee No. 250. Instructions for Voluntary Observers (second edition) No. 251. Monthly Weather Review for August, 1901 --___.---.....------------ ------------ No. 252. Circular G, Instrument Division. Instructions for the Careand Management ouSunshine Recorders) (Second, Cd tilOn) = a ee ee No. 253. Monthly Weather Review for September, 1901 INGe4 che: Solam Cons ban ters aoe te ee ea oe ae eee ean ee eee a eee No. 255. Monthly Weather Review for October, 1901 QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 1902. Received. No. 256. Loss of Life in the United States by Lightning. Bulletin No. 30-.-.-.-..-.---- No. 257. Monthly Weather Review, November, 1901 ---...---------- ---------------------- 3 eee ee Chart of the Great Lakes, Summary for the Season of 1901. | OL ee yg en ee SO eg en Ne > REEL ee Ses eine ae Ean eee No. 259. Monthly Weather Review, December, 1901 .-..-----.--.-------------------------- No. 260. Monthly Weather Review. (AnnualSummary.) 1901_......---..--..---------- Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1900-1901. (In two volumes.) Vol. 1 Washington Daily Weather Map Climate and Crop Bulletins Srio wlan dice buUlloting ==) 552-5 wee ce ens eas on see nee eee ee eee, ee ee ee Bound Daily Weather Maps, July 1, 1900, to December 31, 1900_______----- ---------------- Bound Daily Weather Maps, August 10, 1900, to December 31, 1900 | Distributed. Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1891-92___...=-.-.-.---.------=----- ---=+------------- Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1893 Reportof.Chict of Weather Bureau, 180056. oe. es eee Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1895-96 Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1898-99 _____ Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1899-1900 -____ _- Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1900-1901, Vol. I------ Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1901— Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1894 Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1895-96 Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1896-97 Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1897-98 Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1898-99______ ------------------------ Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1899-1900_____----------------------- Weather buncamsbulletiny INO; conse ea) eee ee eee BG” 2 a te das WIE ee A Weather Bureau Bulletin, No. 26 Weather bureaus bullatinn@-.- see sae ee ee ea ee a Ree ee ee eee areal Wieather buread) balletins bee a ee ee eee eee } Weather Bureau Bulletin, E Weather Bureau Bulletin, F Weather Bureau Bulletin, G Deseriptioniol Cloud WORMS ee eee ee oe ee eee ee een ean 3 eee Sess NiashinetondailysWeahher laps == iiss ose ssn senna meee ee ee epee ne aera @limate and: Crop Bulletins -2-=- == -2 2) ---.—- Sriaw. andl cep letinsase sees ee sae ee re See ee oe Bound Daily Weather Maps, July, 1900, to December 31, 1900 (i eS eo Seer i Number of copies. — - moo eR ROT — SR Se eae pw wow eS Se ages VESRe. wow Mowe saleeewdura - 23S RRS ae ncn Sen BS nro ce SBS Sroemen er) SESE 55 Ses 38 fa to hk 376 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Publications received and distributed by the Weather Bureau during the year’ ended June 30, 1902, by quarters—Continued. Number Number and title of publication. of copies. QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 1902—continued. Distributed—Continued. Bound Daily Weather Maps, August 10, 1900, to December 31, 1900 ---....--.------------- 69 No: 254: Solar Constants) 22. = 3-8-2266 5 a 5 ep es ae ee ee eae ' 200 No. 256. Loss of Lifein the United States by Lightning. Bulletin No. 30_--_-.-.-.------ 1, 600 No. 257. Monthly Weather Review, November, 190] .--__2__-_-_.._2_.-.--- 2-2-5 e- 4,550 No. 258. Meteorological Chart of the Great Lakes, Summary for the Season of 1901. No.2; 100K =o oe. 2 eel oo ee ese eee BE ean Ee aoe eb sack See eae tee ee | 1,500 No. 259. Monthly Weather Review, December, 1901. ...-.---..-.-------------------------- 4,550 No. 260. Monthly Weather Review. (AnnualSummary.) 1901-.........-.-.-.---------- 4,550 QUARTER ENDED JUNE 30, 1902. Received, No. 261. , 600 No. 262. , 200 No. 263. , 600 No. 264. ,500 No. 266. , 600 Climate 7 Washington Daily Weather Map , 210 Climate and Crop Bulletins 957 Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1891-92 4 Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1893 4 Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1894 _______- Ss a 2. 5 eae ees 5 Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1895-96 -___.-- Gee nsec use deena eee 2 Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1896-97 —-_--__--___-__- 1 Reportof Chiet.of Weather Bureau, 1891-98 - = a 2 Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1898-90\-= —- - = 3 a 3 Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1899-1900 ---.-_..---.. .------------------------------- 3 Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1900-1901, Vol. I ---_..___.-.___-_----..--------------- 8 Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1891-92-__-___ _-...------------------- 8 Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1894___---____..__------------------- 7 Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1895-96__-_____-_.------.------------ 12 Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1896-97 -_____---_-------------------- 18 Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1897-98 ______ -___-_ --_-..------------ 24 Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1898-99--.__- ------------------------ 15 Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1899-1900______ ------ ---------------- 26 Separates from Report of Chief of Weather Bureau, 1890-1901 ---------------------------- 120 Wieather bureau, bulletin Ni: 22a ee ee ee ee 7 iWeather Bureau Bulletin; No: 2522 ).52\.2- 2 oe ee ee eee ee eee 9 Weather buread. bulletins iN Of208 eo ee ees ne ee ee 58 Wieather BureansbuUlletineiN Os 005. soe Sees es ae ee eee ee 22 Weather bureau eS tulle tin Ge oe ee ee eee ee 5 Weather Bureausbullotin yD soot es. es Se ee ee ee ar eee 24 WieathermBirreat Bulle tins Bry eas 2 eee ae ey ee eee ee ee eee ee 2 Wieser IB UT Ceuta LVS DUTT epee ye eee se 3 Weather: Bureaus bulletins G22) 268 = ae ee ee eee es ul Weather bureaus bulletin = 226 ae eee eee RS re nee. ree 6 Weather Bureau. Bulletins 22... --.. 22225 5 eee eee ee ee ee eee ee 1,000 Description of Cloud Forms.----------- dole e bs 508 ge Te eal ee ee ee 105 Bound Climate and Crop Bulletins, 1891222 2 =e ee 7 Washington Daily Weather Map -=-2=---- = -- ee eee 130, 210 Climateana: Crop Bulletins 32-2: 222 = ae ee ee ee ee 52, 957 No. 261. Monthly Weather Review, January, 1902 --__.--_..-.-------------. --- | 4,550 No. 263. Monthly Weather Review, February, 1902 | 4,550 No. 264. Meteorological Chart of the Great Lakes. .._.-...--------------------------------| 2,300 No. 266. Monthly Weather Review, March, 1902 -_-..-.-.-----.---------------------------- | 4,550 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF THE SECTION OF FOREIGN MARKETS. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, DIVISION OF FOREIGN MARKETS, Washington, D. C., September 1, 1902. Str: I have the honor to submit herewith the report of the Section of Foreign Markets for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1902. Respectfully, FRANK H. HITCHCOCK, Chief. Hon. JAMES WILSON, Secretary. : WORK OF THE YEAR. During the past year the office force of the Section of Foreign Mar- kets, although somewhat larger than in the year preceding, was taxed to its utmost to meet the various demands for information regarding our agricultural export trade. The correspondence of the office was greater than ever before, indicating a more general appreciation of the importance of wider foreign markets in which to sell the surplus produce of American farms. TRADE RELATIONS WITH CUBA. As aresult of the active discussion that occurred during the last session of Congress in reference to a plan for commercial reciprocity with Cuba, the office received many requests for information relative to our commerce with that island and particularly regarding importa- tions of Cuban sugar. Considerable time was accordingly devoted to a study of the sugar import trade, special attention being given to the matter of price and to the several factors affecting price, includ- ing the costs incident to transportation. Much statistical information was compiled in response to inquiries on this subject. Some of the sugar-trade statistics prepared by the office were pub- lished in the last report’ of t’ e Department’s special agent having charge of investigations regarding the beet-sugar industry of the United States. At the request of the Senate Committee on Relations with Cuba the chief of the Section appeared before that committee as a witness on the subject of our import trade in sugar. THE BRITISH MARKET. During the year a further special inquiry was begun as regards the condition of our agricultural export trade with the United Kingdom, where we find our principal foreign market. The increasing competi- tion we are obliged to meet in that market, particularly on the part of some of the British colonial dependencies, makes it important to “Report No. 72, *‘ Progress of the beet-sugar industry in the United States in 1901,’’ by Charles F. Saylor. 377 378 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. keep a careful watch for any change in conditions that may affect the sale there of American products. Within the past few years the countries that are our most active competitors in the British market, and especially Australasia and Canada, have taken additional meas- ures to develop their agricultural export trade, and with such success as to render their competition a more serious matter than ever before. AGENT STUDYING BRITISH IMPORTS. In view of this growing competition the office has sent an agent to the United Kingdom to ‘investigate at close range the present trade situation there, ‘and especially the relative status in that market of exports receiv ed from the United States and from competing countries. The facts brought out by these investigations will be published in special reports. It is hoped that much ‘timely information will thus be made available regarding the steps our competitors are taking to secure a larger share of the British trade and that suggestions will be offered of decided helpfulness to American exporters in meeting such competition. IMPORTANCE OF AGENTS ABROAD. As the competitive struggle for foreign business increases it becomes necessary to regard more carefully the special requirements of the markets sought and to give closer attention to the details of trade methods. It is believed that properly qualified agents stationed abroad can render valuable service in supplying information needed along these lines. Not only should there be expert agents in the leading countries of importation to study and report upon the condition of the markets there and the opportunities they afford for trade extension, but it is likewise desirable to have competent representatives of the Depart- ment in the principal exporting countries for the purpose of procuring exact information as to the methods employed by our competitors in preparing produce for shipment and also regarding the measures they take to preserve that produce in good condition during transit from place of origin_to final destination. The leading agricultural countries with which we are obliged to compete are adopting this plan. They are sending their agents not only to the principal importing countries for the purpose of keeping in touch with the changing conditions of foreign markets, but also to the foremost expor ting countries in order that they may profit by having knowledge of the latest and best export methods used by their competitors s. The United States would undoubtedly find a similar policy of decided advantage. In this connection it should be stated that the special agent the Department recently sent to Argentina for the purpose primarily of investigating the cattle industry there has incidentally rendered this office considerable service by securing information regarding Argen- tine export methods. All possible steps will be taken by the office to extend its facilities for conducting investigations of this character in order that informa- tion obtainable only by personal inquiry abroad may be placed at the disposal of our exporters. It is doubtful if the means provided for carrying on the work of this office can be more profitably utilized than in the quest for such information. SECTION OF FOREIGN MARKETS. 379 TRADE IN FORESTRY PRODUCTS. The more active interest recently aroused in the question of for- estry in the United States has created a larger demand for statistical information regarding our commerce in forestry products. To meet this demand the office devoted considerable time during the year to the preparation of statistics on the subject. The publications hith- erto issued by the office with reference to our agricultural trade have not included products of the forest. In view of the inquiries received, however, it will hereafter be the plan of the office to publish also from time to time reports on this branch of our foreign trade. EXPORTS OF FOREST PRODUCTS. During the past fiscal year the United States exported nearly $50,000,000 worth of forest products. Lumber in its various forms, not including heavy timber, comprised the principal item, the ship- ments under this head having a value of about $26,000,000. The exports of heavy timber, sawed, hewn, or in logs, were valued at about $10,000,000. Wood pulp and the minor products of the forest together formed an item of about $13,000,000. Europe furnishes the principal foreign markets for American lum- ber. The United Kingdom is decidedly the largest purchaser, but important sales are also made each year to France and to Germany. The shipments of lumber, including timber, sent from the United States to the British market in 1902 had a value of fully $10,000,000. Our exports to France during that year, and likewise our exports to Germany, were valued at over $2,000,000. The United States annually supplies large quantities of lumber to the neighboring countries of Canada and Mexico. During the past year Canada made purchases to the value of over $3,000,000 and Mex- ico to the value of over $2,000,000. A promising market is being developed on the island of Cuba, where in 1902 consignments worth over $1,000,000 were received from the United States. Our lumber is also purchased in considerable quantities by some of the South American countries, and particularly by Argentina, the shipments to the latter destination during the past year having a value of over $1,000,000. Africa is another continent with which we are establishing a grow- ing export business in lumber. Our consignments to Africa during 1902 were worth nearly $1,000,000. They went chiefly to British South Africa. British Australasia has become a considerable purchaser of United States lumber, affording one of the most promising markets for our Pacific coast region. The shipments sent to Australasia during the past year were valued at over $1,000,000. Important foreign markets for the great timber districts of the Pacifie slope will undoubtedly be developed also in the Orient. American lumber is already being marketed quite extensively in that quarter of the world. During the last few years a considerable export business in lumber has been established with the Philippine Islands, where in 1902 shipments valued at $246,000 found a market. It is probable that this trade will be largely extended. 380 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. IMPORTS OF FOREST PRODUCTS. Notwithstanding the immense timber areas of the United States, a larger sum is annually expended in the importation of forest products than is received in payment for such products exported. This is because of our extensive requirements as regards certain articles yielded only by the forests of the Tropies. Our imports of forest products during 1902 were valued at about $60,000,000. With the exception of about $15,000,000 worth of lumber, most of which was supplied by Canada, these imports consisted chiefly of articles that are derived from tropical countries and can not be produced in the United States. India rubber, of which there were imports valued at nearly $25,000,000, ranked foremost in this class of articles. Forest gums comprised another item of leading importance, the import value amounting to about $8,000,000. There was also a considerable impor- tation of cabinet woods, and especially of mahogany, the principal part of which came from Central America, Mexico, and Cuba. It is quite probable that before many years the island dependencies of the United States lying within the Tropics, and particularly the Philippine Islands, will supply a large part of the tropical forest products we are now obliged to import from foreign sources. TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS DURING 1902. Although final returns as to the foreign trade of the United States during the fiscal year 1902 are not yet completed, the office has pre- pared from preliminary figures a compilation showing that our agricul- tural exports for the year mentioned had a value of about $860,000, 000 and our agricultural imports a value of about $410,000,000. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS. Compared with the record-breaking figures of the preceding year, the agricultural export value for 1902 discloses a rather marked decline. Next to the exceptional record for 1901, however, it is the largest value ever reported, being decidedly above the average of the decade. The decline from the high mark reached by our agricultural exports in 1901 was principaily due to the fact that a serious shortage in the corn crop left a comparatively small supply of this important export grain available for shipment to foreign markets. Our exports of corn during 1902 amounted in value to only $16,000,000, while in 1901 we sent abroad consignments worth nearly $83,000,000. The loss to our trade through the diminished shipment of this product alone exceeded $66,000,000. Aside from the extraordinary falling off in corn exportation, the most noticeable instance of decline occurred in the value of cotton shipments. Our cotton exports for 1902 had a value of $292,000,000, or about $23,000,000 less than the figures recorded in 1901, when there were shipments worth $315,000,000. Other products of agriculture exported less extensively during 1902 than in the year before were cattle, fresh beef, bacon, tallow, oats, wheat flour, cotton-seed oil, and fruits and nuts. While the export trade in wheat flour, which was one of the prod- ucts just mentioned, showed a rather large falling off last year, our shipments of wheat in the grain increased quite materially, the export SECTION OF FOREIGN MARKETS. 881 value for 1902 amounting to $113,000,000, as compared with only $97,000,000 for the year before. Another agricultural export that showed a considerable gain during 1902 was lard. Theshipments of this product for the year in question had a value of $52,000,000, whereas our exports for 1901 were worth only $47,000,000. Among the additional articles in our agricultural export trade that made gains during the last fiscal year were hams, canned beef, fresh pork, lard substitutes, flaxseed, barley, oil cake, horses, and hay. AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS. While a considerable falling off occurred during the fiscal year 1902 in our agricultural export trade, there was an increase of about $20,000,000 in the value of our agricultural imports. The products that contributed most extensively to this increase were silk, hides and skins, coffee, and wool. TRADE WITH ISLAND POSSESSIONS. In view of the lively interest that is taken in the course of trade between the United States and the several island possessions, the office recently prepared some statistics to show the status, so far as products of agriculture are concerned, of our commerce during the past fiscal year with Hawaii, Porto Rico, and the Philippines. From the statistics in question it appeared that while our agricultural trade with Hawaii suffered a rather marked decline in 1902, there was a con- siderable increase in the amount of such business carried on with Porto Rico and with the Philippine Islands. In the trade with Porto Rico a decided growth occurred as regards both exportation and importation. Our exports of farm produce to that island during 1902 reached a value of $4,800,000, while the record of the year before was only $3,490,000. In the case of our agricultural imports from Porto Rico the value advanced from $5,475,000 for 1901 to $7,000,000 for the year just passed. The agricultural exports that showed the largest gains in our trade with Porto Rico were rice, beans and peas, wheat flour, and pork products. The growth of our agricultural import trade with that island was due chiefly to larger purchases of sugar. During 1902 the United States shipped to the Philippine Islands only $1,700,000 worth of farm produce as compared with $2,500,000 worth in 1901, but in the case of our agricultural imports from the islands there was a large growth, the value advancing from $4,375,000 in 1900 to $6,500,000 in 1902. Among the exports in our Philippine trade that showed a decline were malt liquors and distilled spirits. The growth that occurred in our agricultural imports from the Philippines was chiefly traceable to larger takings of Manila hemp. While exact figures are not available as to our agricultural export trade with Hawaii in 1901 and 1902, estimates have been made placing the value for the former year at about $4,600,000 and the value for the latter year at about $4,000,000. According to these estimates there was a falling off of about $600,000 in 1902. 382 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Our agricultural imports from Hawaii during 1902 were valued at $24,000,000, showing a marked decline as compared with 1901, when a value of $27,637,C00 was recorded. A falling off in the value of the sugar imported, caused by lower prices, accounted largely for the decline. PUBLICATIONS. Owing to the large amount of time required to conduct the growing correspondence of the office and to meet the various demands for trade information, fewer publications than usual were prepared during the past year. ; The principal publication of the year was a report on the agricul- tural import trade of the United Kingdom. The object of this report was to show how extensively our imports to the British market are obliged to meet the competition of products from other exporting countries, and to suggest opportunities along certain lines for the extension of our trade in that market. Reports like those issued in previous years were published, dealing respectively with the distribution of our agricultural exports and the sources of our agricultural imports. A report was also published, according to the annual custom of the office, reviewing the general features of our foreign trade in agricul- tural products during the past year, and comparing the status of our agricultural imports and exports with that of preceding years. The last mentioned report was supplemented, as in previous years, by a brief circular presenting the most important statistical facts regarding our agricultural trade. PLANS FOR THE CURRENT YEAR. As suggested above, it is the purpose of the office to give special attention during the present vear to the study of trade conditions and methods abroad, not only in the leading importing countries that fur- nish the world’s greatest markets, but also in the principal exporting countries with which we have to compete in our contest for those markets. In the matter of publications, a leading feature of the work will be the preparation of reports after the plan of that recently issued on the agricultural import trade of the United Kingdom. Similar bulle- tins will be prepared in due course as regards Germany, the Nether- lands, France, and other countries. The information compiled in reference to our trade in forestry prod- ucts will be utilized in a special report to be issued on that subject. Bulletins similar to those previously published on the sources of our agricultural imports and the distribution of our agricultural exports will be issued as usual. The bulletin heretofore published annually under the title of ‘‘ Our foreign trade in agricultural products” will hereafter be condensed into smaller form and issued as a circular, doing away with the yearly circular entitled ‘‘Agricultural imports and exports.” CHANGE IN ORGANIZATION. In accordance with a provision of the last agricultural appropria- tion bill, this office will hereafter be known as the Division of Foreign Markets instead of the Section of Foreign Markets, REPORT OF THE APPOINTMENT CLERK. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OFFICE OF THE APPOINTMENT CLERK, Washington, D. C., October 1, 1902. Str: I have the honor to submit herewith a report respecting the officers, employees, ete., constituting the organized working body of the U.S. Department of Agriculture as it existed on July 1, 1902, and the regulations governing promotions, etc., governing appoint- ment to position of mere unskilled laborers, and other regulations at this date in force in the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Respectfully, J. B. BENNETT, : _Appointment Clerk. Hon. JAMES WIxsoNn, Secretary. WORKING FORCE OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE TO JULY 1, 1902. ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. On September 30, 1861, the Agricultural Division of the Department of the Interior, being the immediate predecessor of the U. 8. Depart- ment of Agriculture, consisted of nine persons. The U.S. Department of Agriculture was established on July 1, 1862, by an act of Congress approved May 15, 1862. The following shows the development of the force of the Depart- ment from September 30, 1863, to July 1, 1902: Date. Number. Date. Number. 1863, September 30 -_____ -_ ___--- 29 | 1891, July 1 (including Weather 1867, September 80 _.__.__---_--- 99 Bureau, transferred to U. S. Lege sephember:30 - 2. 22-292 84 | Department of Agriculture on 1878, September 30 - --- -_-- -__--- OOF be = sUELye ly SO Sees a as Sei eee Lait 1875, September 30 __________---- QORMISOS! Sully eaters soe ee ee 1,870 1877, September 30 __. ______----- ie Soon Sathya et Le Pe ee SOR diune 302 aye ee OBL LS OT aly Sle oe = ae ee 2,444 1S yale some ees AOSE | AS99sIraliy ale = Sas oe 0D foSos diye lye aes Se eo eh Be ee 239 | 1900, November 16 ._______---_-- 3, 128 1SS5eiulyeie see es ee! Gees RA AGO bye es eee ee oe ee 3, 388 LSSieclialivaleee eee ee EE Soa LOGOS ch Ul yi eames ead es aa ree 3, 789 ited [od AIL ee © ieee ee ee 488 COMMISSIONERS AND SECRETARIES OF AGRICULTURE. The table on the next page gives the name and length of service of _ each Commissioner and Secretary of Agriculture since the organiza- tion of the Department. 383 384 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Name and length of service of each Commissioner and Secretary of Agriculture 9 since the gragicaiy of the U. S. Department of Ee, July 1, 1862. open asa, s the Adminis- | Date. Date. Name; | Rank. tration of Presi- appointed. | terminated. dent— | | Isaac INewhoninecseese sess ae Commissioner __ A. Lincoln -_----- | July 1,1862 | June 19, 1867 John UW astokes’-= --s-e. =< - 25|2) dO ee A. Johnson ------ | June 20,1867 | Dec. 4, 1867 Horice Capron 2s anee ee eae do A. Johnson --_---__| Dec. 5,1867 | July 31,1871 Hrederick Watts =-2- 2. eee a eee (cVo veneers a Peete U2S. Grant 2--- - | Aug. 1, 1871 | June 30, 1877 WaneiGeiie Ducasse. ae ee see a dos aa | R. B. Hayes_.-..-| July 1,1877 | Tune 30, 1881 Geo: Baboring cee = eee Vee ae dom ese J. A.Garfield____| July 1, 1881 Apr. 3 1825 Norman’ J Colmam 2225s enero dos. ees | G. Cleveland.___- Apr. 4, 1885 Feb. 12,1889 Norman J. Colman ___._--___--- | Secretary --_----_ G. Cleveland_-__-_- Feb. 13,1889 Mar. 6,1889 Je PRs Ss sees es ee | eee Gor sst sarees B. Harrison__---- Mar. 7,1.89 , Mar. 6,1893 Jasteriing MOnlOm = eens anemones (ako) Rag i oh |G. Cleveland. -_-- Mar. 7,1593 Mar. 5,1897 PAINS AWHIBO nN! Hs ess sees Sesh ee ee aoe ere. 227i | Wm. McKinley __| Mar. 6,1897 | Mar. 5,1901 JRE \WAIRGNE -e5e oa eee oa cleee [eeeex dos = = ae | | Wan. McKinley.-2|" Mars (651901) 28s) aa nes CHANGES IN EMPLOYEES IN THE DEPARTMENT DURING FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1902. The following shows the changes in the employees in the classified service of the U. 8. Department of Agriculture during the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1901, and terminating June 30, 1902: Number. Selected and appointed from U.S. Civil Service Commission certificates ______ 276 Reinstated upon U.S. Civil Service Commission certificates_____..-______- en |(0) Transfers to the Department upon U.S. Civil Service Commission certificates. 19 Transfers from the Department upon U. 8. Civil Service Commission certifi- CADES). 3h yoke th Le Ie ee eee ae SNe EE es eee ee ee Se i Appointments upon U.S. Civil Service Commission certificates declined _- -_- 35 Resiomatloms |i 4 see foetal Se 108 Removals - ------ ee : SS a! Eee Sel ee ee oie 2, | ee 22 Deaths See : at OY Se Teets Sica oe A SOs eee ee 14 EMPLOYEES IN DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE JULY 1, 1902. In the following is given the classes and number of employees in the Department of Agriculture on July 1, 1902: Employees in the U. S. Department of Agriculture on July 1, 1902 SECRETARY’S OFFICE. Execilbive Ohi cers (4: hese. 2A) OSL ee Nee ee Ae ee er oes eee 9 @Gletks<2 2 sacar eee ee eee, Ce ee Eee meee eens Re me omen 18 Engineers, firemen, electricians, blacksmiths, plumbers, mechanics, mes- sengers)) laborers, and «charwomen. 9: = eae se eee ee : 39 66 DIVISION OF ACCOUNTS AND DISBURSEMENTS. Chief angrassistant.chiet: ote lDiyiSione 2s eee eee eee HpeeMice re. std a » @ashier s+ oo 7 eas Nes Be ey ee Se PSUS eS Oe ee eg 1 Clerks: = 20 ee ee Sie ee eR rat Tyr a Me Si a ii2 Custodian Of (les ass See ee EOS ae ce lt Lea re 1 16 DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. Mdstorand chich Of Divasior se see eee eee eae ae ee ee if Associatereditors 2 se). eee Oa CE Oe et ee Noe ee ae 1 Assistant editors=2). 2220 5k. tae eet eee eee er th ana Veo Be 3 Hditorial clerkss Yass ee es Se ee eee is ts 7 eee 2 Artistsdraltsmen andienctavers =e eee ee 4 Assistantaun charce of document Sectione sat = ae ee ee 1 Foreman of document Sections se os sei he ee ea oe ee 1 Folders and laborers indocument section and in Farmers’ Bulletin section. 137 Clerks: and copyists 22 22 See eee oe ee eee eee ica ones 12 = for) ~ OFFICE OF APPOINTMENT CLERK. 385 DIVISION OF STATISTICS. Sheisti Clankan (achioim Ol DivisiOnme see sneer 22 2s ek eee 1 NS Srs iambic nici#o imi lvISIONG sss. = eae ea ee 2 ee ek Se 1 (Claris ping l eon Gitzo. : Sessa le Se ee me ERA 54 11 OS E84 EC TRS GT OLIN Ure Sr as ee ee ee ee ee een eee 22 SPeGlaleheld ga Celt Sa were as aoa ie we ee he 6 State statistical agents ___-- LAS eae Be AS Be = 5 Soe tei tel ee 38 Conponistavisticalagents pe = eee aes 8 2 oe oh ke ee 7 129 SECTION OF FOREIGN MARKETS. Chief and assistant chief____-_ ee Fen) = oe ee ae 2 ClCH cranGrassIst allie waeeemeenenrees see 8 SS eS ee 5 IL@ISGRGHES 22 .se4eneone =LbSk- pe le ee eae a I Let AN alee tls oe 4 11 DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. Pnbomolosistzandechict Of Divisionie. 95) es ees ee ee ee 1! ASSIStamL ChiGtofeDivISiON a. sie. Sop 5 25. eee... 1 Assistant entomologists, investigators, clerks, skilled laborers, messengers, PRE EME ROUGE ete re ee ne Ro NS ee me Ph he 30 32 DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY. Brolosistand chiet Of MiyIsiOn) 2 52226) os ae eka ee if NSSIStaMigChiCizOL DIVISION 322-082 222. 2° S852.) 3 ee ee 1 NSsistantaplolocists/and Clerks = 2-222 2252 222 se ce Soe. 14 I AUORCT Se ene en ae Sees O Ns eS ee See ee oP Perens 5 21 DEPARTMENT LIBRARY. albrarian in, charces sees a PLGA Nagy Aes 6 0k, cl ge Pe Sie if ABsingants: Catalosuers: and clerks... «9 pdveltece Ji) Aut ees i GES ERR le en 2 yes eo A A eel te AN Sd Og) Oo bo pt ie i 9 DEPARTMENT MUSEUM. EE TOSI) CE Scene eS 222 en ics oo Oe ea occ ee Physiologists and assistant physiologists Pathologists and assistant pathologists Botanistiand- assistant botanists =1 sae 8 Sl ee eee eee Pomologist and assistant pomologists Laty ESA EAE SUE tne SS. ee Agrostologist and assistant agrostologists._____________- IE OninGuliurist 2600 72) Joe Sees PSS eee oe COrealigh prec xo Se bot oe ol ee oe ee ee ee Oe re Agricultural explorer <--3. 2-2 Ua Set ee 8 2 eee Superintendent of weighing and mailing in seed distribution Inspector and superintendent of records in seed distribution ______________ WCIENbICASSISLAMtS 24s 2 Pee ele a eg cisuks SUIS 3 eel eee ae Be Pethsee ee Se Stee: Sete Vea eS ee eee eee oh art sh SER RESO POET AP CNIS, <2 kh SoD pee a et oe, Se eer” i ree ree PASS SU ATUL eee ee ES ee es ee eo ee MyColors fae wee qe ee Bee Assistant Curators Steet eee ee ewe > Seeda. Es Veni tenlernl >. 2 2 5h eee Clerks 'ss)-¢ eee Sok ett ee Oe Sue ES Sac s in Ue ak eS tek. ta peg eee IATISES S525 SP 2S eke ee Nae See Ae 6 RE a hs, jt jt i WLDWWOW HDR WRK KR HRAMKDRPWRH WOW UDDODR RR RB RB IDDDARe Ree M Q e iq} rt i=] ct =5 chr ie) i) e [or n 1 1 1 1 1 1 ( i 1 1 1 \ i i 1 ' 1 ' ' 1 ( f ' 1 \ 1 ‘ ' 1 ! 1 ' 1 { 1 ‘ = SLUGent ASSISbAINGS sk Se ee eh ae rah See otk eer Pee ee ere ne Collaboratorses- 32. ~ 2 ta trne TP AAS Sk a CPA get OE Ap DISPAtCh. agent 2) Pet leos Ue De ws eo ee ee 2 sous Alea Sale Gardeners ro EL 0) re, ee EG oe roi te re ee Warpentersy. 22.522 Ges oe ea ee ee ee eee PAIN bela eels oe eee ete Set AG aioe tone SUR AR 2 eee a ae te Plant packer 5.2505 22.2 ssh Bee 2 es ee ee Messengers ee een Be ee ee RS ey Yeh ee oe) Laborers in Vegetable Physiological and Pathological Investigations ______ Laborersiin Botanicaliinvestigations) 2. 2 = sees Maborers-invPomoloszicaleimyesti gations@ ee. sae a ee ee ee ee Laborers in Grass and Forage Plant Investigations _________-______..____- aborersaniGardenstands Ground sis. eee yee eee ee — poh jt l= jab) Sa ie} Re iq) ux) nm i) B mM ia) ia") for) jo} (=) n (= zi i S a ct ~ ° =) 1 ' ' ' 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 ' 1 1 t 1 I Lapa} Laborers on Arlington Farm________- ee ne @harwomenieess= sos seee 2" 2k eRe SOS See Re eae SOE ae ee eee eee eee BUREAU OF FORESTRY. Moresterand: chief of Bured ta esi ese Mey ee aie oe ees JAissistant foresters: 2122 = -_ StS sect eee ee hee ee a a ee Experts, agents, agents and experts, and expert assistants ________________ Bicld assistants £<3= 5505.4 S ee pavement eee er u 1 Wyubacl over oat ss eee em a see aE oo eee ee = ee Stenographers and Clerks, - 7.2 see ya = ater es i hE a ee DPAaALtSMON. = 22 oe eee Pa oe eS ee eit an a COMIPULErS 2s e5= 8 ee es ye ao ea ai neene eee ees ee Assistant forest experts: 2.0 22 2 de ee ee DWendro-chemist.” Y=: ake es We Sie ee Bee eees ee ce le eee Photograpners® 2-20 fae. Soke re ae eee ee ee) eee =r Collaborators: os 22 22 k= os re we a ee ge eee to ee Waborers 26025 0 A ee eae Re cin teres 1 See Student assistants: o 2 sk oo) See aes ee ae er sisi oe a aeann th cee eee re vo HR FG) WH F290 WH PS — cas) le} 6 0 He oo vo ne ~ BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. Chiefandsassistant chictot aren: tl ees eee es ae ee Chiefs of laboratories =. oar are a ee a Assistant chemists) <2 0c.» 2 eee a a Cee ee ee ee es Oe ee ee bet MOT AS) OFFICE OF APPOINTMENT CLERK. 387 IRCROSC OPIS GE 6 7 wen errr ee te ei ere eee Sikes if LET NS 2 gy Ms Sy Ss ee ee he eR ee... YL eee ee eee eee a 4 DpleChel ACOMUS errr eee tes ied See pes Seen eee i SNR a Se 10 Revie POT Uigck SUS DMTE Digest ns oe ee A yo ay Sa 5 ANUGIS) 2 Age Se Sc a oe Be eae Pot ie rei ee Sn meters (12>! 2 FREE OTIOG tee eee O77 eit EN PN Lf poke ee eR Oe as Rg Bee eee Le ee Hi 1 PEADO ROEM ere oie en Se Pt ks 1 i Ce eee hee oe ene 12 50 BUREAU OF SOILS. \ Soi puysicist and ehier of Buréateo- 2. i Soe ee Ee 1 SMPIRG PROTEIN ES 6 ye NAS 4 wh Ee EN ne UL neh Ge pe Ep 2 Solllanaly she. -s« 20 23h SUN aR as SSF ges x 9 ys Pee rs, 2 ie 5 1 ERPS ES ATI OS! 55 on hy tS 8 en 8 OER We 3! ep (ey od Ee Pas 36 Experts in soil management__-_________________-_- Sp ele pe ae eee eee Es 10 Mohaccomspecialishs sks yc esos Se baled ne ee oe tae Pee ee 11 ‘SGUCTNAIIG CRG! See eee pee eer een er a 5 eee Foe Se VL REEL Beg a 10 Clerkclpieemmeterwn eri Lk i el ie Sy eae Seal te a 16 EEE Sa DD RISe s eee Y ae r e ak I ye i I et LS ey Sore a AWretcbim evry. oe eo ee es cs Se ee I scr rd eee PE EO ek Se 2 Messenger_____________- AR a eS ee Nes ns SE sg SEs 1 Hoo mon = 4.4 JA Beene ER ss iad Ls Sa Te iy, Sew eee Jape 2 99 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. Whectandrassistant chief of Bureaw -=-9).-- - 2222. 5-3 sce eee 2 COU ES CLGIA 5. aot apnea ire pa ee Pe 9b Dea hy Pees Ree PO tas 8g 29 eee 1 Chiefs and-assistant chiefsiof divisions... 1... ...=. 1... <. sed edged. t PES SIR RNS eA. eri 8h ee. Dis: one Sepa Ways Cd 3 AIS, Se We Ce 7 POLO PAD Ee 3 Oi ts 3 Peg 1 kp NY Seek eee MIE Se oe Bae SS ee a if Superintendent and assistant of experiment station _._.__-_-_____________. 2 BIKE TN ET s Sercey ese UE AG 2d Sees A aes OY ES) 39), Bee 2 IGS SUE Ch a ere Se nae et SEC Meet ete ee a EES Re eerie ti | 3 Skill ecw aMOrersis ss 22 sn a4 4s bes ns Pome yee 5 SS: cp 2 ZNSE UNS Ley SO ed Oe On Sh i RON SS SI INE 5 ton Seana SS ty A 1 INSSISt a bsiete ec ee wie eee Ts eee Se nets =. ET ee oy 4 CPT SETS | Se ae ee eee Oe eee, eS ee earn, eer areed pe Srey) i saat i. Meat inspectors and assistant meat inspectors _______ ____________________ 319 Mie Sbocksan Gd Speclalsagenbamee a) 2. 2. Sa mere see See he eee ene” Bee ay Sees Oy ee 13 Special agent and agricultural explorer__.._.--_-/ ---.-. s2.._2 2/2 1...42 1 PGS TEs Seige ee NE) ee Sees ae SRS ATT Ae ALP IPESISE, ANE, FT aL eS 0S ee 2 Agents and experts and special agents and experts________________________ 15 Ex pergunvanimalshusband Lys so seca s oS sees so dmre len eRe a DU enee A ses age des magi eee 1 Experts and assistant experts in animal nutrition ____..___________________ 3 Bacpebeiivesnieator "5252 Se 21 ee ee ea a ee ee 1 Wiesselmmnspectors<(: 2:5" os 2-1, SEES Sees sates ee ee ss oe oe ae 3 Specermimanector Of livestock. 4-0) = AA. [Aes 22 Sa ee ee 1 MeLonmiary TUSUCCLOES so... 72 aoe ee en oe re Narra SO ag ae ee 6 Superintendents of animal quarantine stations __________-______._________. 2 Stock¢examiners: (52 22 ile. Lb 2 See Be Sil eee Pe A TSS oe ee 184 LOD FEAL BS Sa I daha Se AASB Dp SAL SL ce BO 245 Solera iecieme ae 8 8 I oe eee ae eee ben A) een) Dy At ee 80 Microscopists and assistant microscopists 42: <_2. = ..4.5-4..-.:-.2-- 93s 255 aetetsece 62 oS 5 SoS eee ee ere oe eo oe See 113 1,277 WEATHER BUREAU, Executive officers, chiefs and assistant chiefs of bureaus, divisions, offices, SUEUR SEG ROLES Nye Sn Neen ile os OE RM RG oe ee eg ea 7 @Wlenks pete as ane Se eG! EE ST ih Rass Aoi tag ad ropa Mele Shes A 75 Copyistsee ae te see See VE aN See ee eee ER Sek, SAS ET ee 8 Mechanica ete) 3 ACU) 2 Sey Geek at eed Rothe Ce 8 ST PR Ss PIES tan ee 9 Ja isi 1s cae Shae ete PUL CGE ey Oty a se kstee Cen, aims Oe PLANES I ee eee ee Se ere Ree Sey S 7 ROU UEETH Tie CW preety APE wh BIS sae Lae Rye ee en Pe es LS oe 6 388 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Skilledtlaborersz: 22.2 - eee oe = eee Sees: Sans Soe e eee 0 BNGINGCEB. = 35.3 eh eee oe sos s Pe See ee ee eee 1 EIT CM OMe Spek Pk ee ee en SpE ep rs C re) Se ea ae pa eres Se 3 IMCSSENGCTS ape eer are weer pee a ei cake a ee tte Beno, 17 IWiabChmMen 22 se oe see eo ae ot se dene ne ere ee ee 4 (CharwOMen 2-9 oe so ye ees San ee rine Pe ne 3 BUG DOTCTS ho en An oe tee ees ee Seis oe as ta 23 Professors Of meteorology; uae se ee ee ae ee ee ee ee ee 7 Medico-climatologists=s 2225.6 = S2 eee eee Oe ae oe ee 1 Morecash OMmeigls: i as. 5.2 8 ee ee ee oe ee 7 lioeal- forecast Omicials - == -- ose eee eae ose oe ee 28 Section directors. = 24 ae ee Jae ci See ce a ton Ne ne 31 Studentyassistants, 222.26 so see oe ee See, ee ye ere se 15 INSPCCtONS 28 os Boe cc Peel R Se oe ke eae eee eke ae ee eee 3 Meteorological observers - ---- ------- ooo. Cae ee eee oe eee 263 MAVeTLODSOLV CLS... - c= se Se eee Sees oe ae eee 125 aintaliMOWSCEViels a2. 5.52.22 see e ee = eee oe ee ee 33 Cotton=reP1ONODSELVEIS:; - ec ee see eee ee eee 140 CWormland wheatobservers::~.-.2c2.-<..42- esse wee see e- ee eee 133 rian dawheatiObServyers. =. osc. Fo) h eee eee 2 7 eee 19 Sucariand: Trice ODSCrverss=s oe. 4 oon) See ee er 8 SHO LIM = VV eh TTT TD 57 CLES TO | eAAV eT Tee ee ee es ee 135 Compositors, proof readers, lithographers, printers, pressmen, folders, and LCCC CTS 7 Me fee ty Sere rc ee ee ee REN ee nn 44 ANcentsiand station agents =" 2.0 2 one eee ie Os 7 Messengersjon stations: 2 9 satase4- Fe ees ae epee 2 eee 106 1, 268 Lotalemployees..-..-..- 25... -/2.6.. A ee ee 3, 789 RECAPITULATION. Total number of officers and employees in the U. 8. Department of Agri- culture on— saul als it Eee ane, Seles See sae 23.8 ote fees 1,870 ialivgal QO se et he See oe Be oe hon Sen, = ee 3, 789 TI CREASC = re te onc We ie = Ue i en ee es coe oe eee ee Beh Fz 3s 1,919 Number of officers and employees in the U. 8. Department of Agriculture on July 1, 1902: Executive officers and administrative assistants, clerks, messengers, and watehmen =. {122 2 22. Seat od a ee 2 Sa ee 1, 209 Scientists, and scientific assistam ts a ee Berk. 2,081 Maborers and (charw Omens. ee ee eee 499 PO ballact et 22k at oe ee Se ee 3, 789 CLASSIFIED CIVIL SERVICE. Number of employees in the classified civil service.__-_____------_-------- 2,371 Number of persons excepted from the requirements of examination and certification in the classified civil service, including, also, the number Unclassified. 3.25) Soe J ee ee See eee 1,418 Motel: a... + 32 See eS e Se e e ee f e e ae 3, 789 EMPLOYEES IN THE DEPARTMENT WHOSE APPOINTMENT PRECEDES Alollys Vo Akstsw/e The table on the next page gives the names of employees on the ; rolls of the U. 8S. Department of Agriculture on July 1, 1902, the date of whose appointment precedes July 2, 1887, covering a period of fif- teen years or more, and the date of the appointment of each, respec- tively, but not including persons in the Weather Bureau. OFFICE OF APPOINTMENT CLERK. 389 Employees on the rolls of the Department of Agriculture (not including the Weather Bureau) July 1, 1902, whose appointment precedes July 2, 1887. [In the ** Remarks” column ‘‘out”’’? means out of the service of the Department. ] | Date so: Name. appointed. Remarks. JAG EHICE hd EYK0) ee ae ee May 11,1889 | Out from June 30, 1893, to April 1, 1898. MicxandervSarab © 28.25 3) ee Dec. 30,1885 Alexanders Walliam =o 2-22) ao Se June 20,1883 Alvord Henry Heo 2- 26. oe 2.= 5 ee Nov. 27,1885 OnE om pee on ae bate ne May 11, Het ut from July 871, to August 1, 1890 Barnes, Almont --..-.--...----..---.- Oct. 1, 1868 {Out from November ‘5, 1893, to April 8, 1896 iBarcHolown.eranciseA == ese == Dec. 9,1886 IBea SHOster Hil epo. ceo eee ee | Dee. 6. 1886 Berry, Allen i Bowie, Marys ee ee ee Feb. 15, 1887 Bradford, War cinianee == ese ee | Oct. 1,1885 Bragdon, Carnie 1 Dec. 5,1885 Breedin, Louise ee ee Octse teal Ser Bike, WdmuanG sees aoa ee ee Apr. 15,1869 Teqeboreh Wisi Kei beval 5, 2 se ne i a Ue Be | Jan. 38,1882 Carters Georges 2. a= = a2 5-8 -- | Jan. 1,1887 Champney, Mar yh (CS ee Sept. 14.1881 Chapman y Mary) lo 2* 2-25-22 ===-= Jan. 11,1886 Church, TTA pe A Oza SE Feb. 25,1882 Clark, icra hi Fo cee ee Aug. 16,1882 Colman, Mario AUS iin foes e ances May 2,1885 Cook Richard'H =) o-- Feb. 1,1864 Coquillet, Daniel W -- June 29, 1887 Coxmbrances'C 22-2 822 July 18,1883 Coyle, RHomast =~ Sse ee ae Jan. 15,1888 Crain, pee Be ie ee ee ees | Oct. 20, 1886 Dent, »Mary T Be ee eee ee ee Apr. 2, 1887 UD Yoxo Fegey 7a Cy ce ee ae Aug. 1,1881 Dimon Carrio tes. se ss 52-2 May 7, 1883 Hawarden ila ela 2s 27ers see May 1,1882 Vansy Hiram eae See oe eae ae July 1,1875 Mairtaxs bhadeus.-.) 2. 625-.2)----_-| Decs, 31885 Harmine ton, A Mises Spits 222 | Aug. 1, 1884 Faville, Geor leak Oca ai eee See ee | wee 21. 1887 iHinekelsO@harlopte b.5-- <= sae. | June le 1882 Fisher, URS i ee ae mee July 1, 1885 Gallagher, Lawrence ---...---.------ Jan. —,1879 Gardner, Helen cae She OSES oe oe 2 Jan. 1,1885 Gardnerysuliaee i. 5-8 ee , Oct. 1,1886 Goodchild, MitritisieA este ee sere ee July 1,1884 Gregorya Fannie) N 2222322552. | July 15, 1882 HMalleyadaMes: = .-2-2 cho sh se see | July 1, 1862 Halley. Walliams 2 "22. -22 aes s-o Oct. 15, 1868 IElarvieyae OOMPAL 2 sno see ees Aug. 1,1878 Hassall Aliberte- 2 22 sae Sone e ee May 24, 1887 Hauser, [iEnes teases Pec eee Heidemann, Otto Howard, Leland O Humphr ey, Walliams yee ae Imeram= Martha) Maes = 222222 J enkins, Sarahehes fee ose J ohnson, Mian GiTiWAss-ce =f ary eee Jones, Edward 1S ib) oe eee Then ew Keleher, Thomas A Kerr, James K Kano Williams s-nate ees ee Lamson-Scribner, Frank Latham, Ella G Love, Amelia H Lyons, Evelyn Mahon, Martha H Melvin, Alonzo D Merriam ,C. Hart Miller, Virginia Montgomery, Anna Morrison, Ada B Oo Donoghue, Clara Parker, ‘Alexander parker Aginie sett sac 8 eee eee Pergande, Theodore iIPerryreamiesiMrs. 225-2 ioe ee ee Peters, Edward T Quinn, ‘Eva H Ray, Thomas J Riggles, Thomas Rose, W.H Rutledge, Thomas Safford) Mary Ho=--- = —-) 2-2 = Salmon, Daniel E | June 380, 1879 | June 1, 1883 | Nov. 15, 1878 Sept. 24, 1880 | June 15, 1882 | Noy. 15,1881 | June 27,1883 Mar. 5,1884 Jan. —,1884 | July 1, 1862 June 30,1885 | May 11,1885 Feb. 12,1883 May 7, 1882 __| Sept. 1,1882 Sept. 2,1885 July 1,1884 Dec. 10,1886 July 1,1885 | July 1,1879 | Jane 18, 1883 Oct. 1,1886 | Apr. 13, 1887 Sept. 30, 1873 | May 2,1887 | June 30, 1879 June 30, 1883 Oct. 13,1883 Sept. 1,1882 Mar. 15, 1865 July 1,1882 July 16,1884 Dec. 19,1881 | Dec. 10, pe Out from February 25, 1892, to April 2, 1900. Out from April 15, 1886, to December 6, 1886. Out from July 15, 1893, to August 26, 1896. Out from July 7, 1895, to July 1, 1896. Out from May 13, 1885, to January 31, 1891. Out from April 24, 1890, to March 7, 1891. Out from January 30, 1894, to August 3, 1898. Out from July 3,1885, to September 27, 1886. Out from November 30, 1893, to April 21,1897. Out from October 4, 1888, to March 24, 1894. Out from September 10,1894, to April 29, 1897. Out from October 13,1893, to May 10,1897. Out from March 15,1894, to March 30, 1897, 390 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Employees on the rolls of the Department of Agriculture (not including the Weather Bureau) July 1, 1902, whose appointment precedes July 2, 1887—Con. Remarks. Date Name. appointed. Schmidt. HlOra see see eee ee eee June 15, 1883 Schwarz hugene Aces. 2 es es Nov. 15,1878 Smith Ghinywinieh wesw ese ars Sept. 20, 1886 SMILE Sey 1a elmer ee eee eee Mar. 5,1885 SniithhoOpentylmee eee eee eee Oct. 1, 1866 Sommers, Sarah L __-.....-.-..._...-| Aug. 12,1879 Spencer, Guilford a July 12,1883 Stevens, Ernestine H ______ eet = ee LH ayete Stoddart Mary. Ce Sudworth, George B Sullivan, Lillie Sullivan Maryeces eo ee etree Trescot, Thomas C Vining, Harriet L Walden Colona. = itis. ass sek WialtersHentyis > oss 25) se ke Wharton, Virginia K Wight, John C Wiley, Harvey W Walliams Josephee esses seen ee Winfield, Alice M Woods Mariani i. i Si ee Wray, W.H Sept. 25, 1877 Sept. 1, 1884 Aug. 31, 1886 rd une 18, 1882 Nov. 1,1884 | 2, 1882 | July 1,184 | Apr, 9, 1883 ouuaon September 24, 1894, to February 13, | Out from March 31,1896, to March 17, 1897. Out from July 22,1898, to March 16,1899. oa pom November 2, 1895, to November 21, Out from April 4, 1882, to August 1, 1882. | Out from May 9,1885, to August 1,1885; out from June 30, 1886, to August 27,1886; out from March 31,1888, to August 1, 1890. WEATHER BUREAU EMPLOYEES WHOSE APPOINTMENT PRECEDES JULY 2, 1887. The following gives the names of employees in the Weather Bureau of the U. S. Department of Agriculture on July 1, 1902, the date of whose appointment precedes July 2, 1887, the persons constituting the Weather Bureau having been transferred to the U. 8. Department of Agriculture from the United States Army on July 1, 1891, previous to which date they were in the Signal Corps of the United States Army. The Weather Bureau was created by ‘‘ An act to increase the efficiency and reduce the expenses of the Signal Corps of the Army, and to trans- fer the Weather Service to the Department of Agriculture,” approved October 1, 1890. Employees in the Weather Bureau July 1, 1902, whose appointment precedes July 2, 1887. ’ {In the *‘Remarks”’ column ‘“‘ out’? means out of the service of the Department. | Date Name. appointed. Aibbe: Cleveland) 22 2222) eeu } Jan. 3,1871 ‘AlciatoresHenryph sss = se a Dec. 1,1886 Allen"George tse hele eee dan. 20,1872 Ashton. Clinton diss s2 see eeenae ee Oct. 25,1881 | ASHTON) ONTO eos a eee Sees June 14, 1878 Bailey. Waylande ss) ee nae Aug. 9, 1884 Baldwin, Harrison McP ~___ June 3,188] Barry ames cA 22 ee ee ee June 22,1878 Barwick: James Ao] eee Mar. 31,1873 iba tesbonry. ©8235 AGS eee Sept. 16, 1886 BANC IA CODNWE ee ee ee eee July 23, 1883 Bealls Sam Hel sWiren ee eee eee Sept. 25, 1871 IBellWalliam es see aia Comins 5 2 June 4,1880 Bennett, Maitland 'C2)—-2-- July 13,1883 IBOET YJ INOS eee eee eee July 8, 1878 iBerryc Wallis 2-52 See ee Apr. 27,1877 iBlundon) Benyaminvac sa ae eae Mar. 5,1878 Blythe sWwalliamyl esses eee Feb. 9,187 IBoltons J Osephlu Pas. eae eee May 7,1885 May 26, 1881 Aug. 21,1877 Apr. 1,1873 Remarks. Out from December 18, 1890, to May 12, 1891. Out from January 21, 1877, to March 16, 1881. In Department of Agriculture proper from February 16,1894, to August 15, 1898. . Out from September 21, 1888, to October 11, 889. OFFICE OF APPOINTMENT CLERK. 391 Employees in the Weather Bureau July 1, 1902, whose appointment precedes July 2, 1887—Continued. Name. aaniaetat ra Remarks. BronsonyByronvE. -25.20)5:2.2-4.-4|(Nove 1,1883 (Out peta : ~q |fOut from April 21, 1878, to August 12, 1878. Buell, Allen ---_.---.------------.---- Sept. 16,1870 | Out from July 9, 1898, to April 30, 1899. Byram ONMW 2. c2es = = teeee Sept. 2,1878 pub rom September 2, 1883, to November 23, Carroll Daniel J 2.2. 2c sec | Mar. 3,1879 ; Chattcesbranik PP 225.02 2 ee. fe. | Mars 21879: ChappelsGeorge M _2 =.) 22s Mar. 30,1881 @larke-Mrederick H -/22.)1-.- =|... | Mar. 3,1879 Claveloux, Francis A -..-..-...__-..- July 9,1878 et Se S22e22se2sece5 225522 aoe ie Me I SRAGRM So Sooo eee tone | July 7, 188% Ge ee 2 Es oe Sap te eee BED. Bete Out from July 23, 1878, to May 18, 1879. Onfor, INOTMan Boo ao ee ug. 28, 187 Connell, Maurice. ._-----_..__-_____.- Dec. 9, 1884 Connor Patrick= = =) 222 2-8!) Mar. 41876 ; | (Out from November 18, 1876, to February 28, Conrad; Hrederick Wisi. t22-2 4] Noy. 10,1871 1879. ; z eee = | Ee tees Out from June 6, 1889, to January 20, 1890. onsidine OMBS) Site = ae ts | Nov. 1, ‘ Cox, Henry Se eS nt Aug. 1,1884 (Crain JoOnn =. St += oie es ee) Oct. 20,1873 Cronk: Corydon’ P=.) 5 ee es July 7,1882 Cuthbertson, David Nov. 16, 1872 DayisrAlbert Je 22-2225 ses _| Apr. 20,1881 | Out from July 31, 1893, to September 27, 1897. en ee z une a ne fc RY. PCStOniG@ ras 22: “ees oF Ae une 29, 18 Day Walcothi, +. 2 aes to eee = Oct. 20, 1883 act = a sais F ~4 |fOut from May 5, 1878, to September 3, 1878. me Gr FES Fe... --_.----- ee eS oe \Out from February 10, 1880, to April 18, 1884. emam, Edward BR. ...--..-..2-=..-- y 17,188 Dey, luther M: (sr) 22 -- 2222-2) Nov. 201874 DickAHarvey Bees). ene | Mar. 18, 1886 Diehl Goneyra, Base eA Saly a s3h Dillons ward 2500 es | Oct. 22,1881 : een fOut from October 6, 1885, to September 22, 1886. ae se = A eiiaanr imate anes Hee ee {Out from October 20,1889, to March 25, 1890. esherspamueuir soe s-2- 35 22225 ay 11,18 HddeyGooree: W 2-2. o2.5---- = ae lane 15, 1887 HddyeNathan (SG: 2 = ees sis be | Oct. 5, 1875 Mimerys hn pent Hic ee ee | July 30,1884 Hmenyasaminel © 220! (335) | Apr. 9,1873 invansshd ward Av = 90s (eer ' Dec. 16,1879 Hallion william. ies oe Sept. 8, 1880 Harishhranckeoe Sher V7 i eee on Nov. 16, 1883 Farrington, William H ______________ | Aug. 2,1875 Hasso sOliyer i223 2. Jan. 12,1883 Holger, Geor Wi nse ee see Sd eae a a ASH OENDEVIGe oom s= oe Se ee oy. 30,1 ee Dini sage te oe Ak Ie ee 20, toe Ve OTTO eS Se Re eek Le | July 8,1878 HraperssOnun Wis. 3 2 Se Fe eas Feb. 9,1870 Frankenfield, Harry C........-...--- Jan. 4,1882 HranklinsGeorge Bre_> 22.55 ee | July 5,1878 Hea ee sulns A eee ee ae | ae: rr ete Out from May 12,1885, to October 31, 1890. ardiner Gwynn. = 3-3 32.2 | May 19, 188: : Garriott Rdward Beas) May 18,1874 out from a Snary, 7, 1eet 00 March Abe F < ut from August 5, 1882, to August 31, 1882. Gaston, Belle -----------_____.---_-.-- June 21, 1882 \Out from January 1.1883. to July 2188. - . . ¢ 2 ut from February 1, 1885, to August 2, 1885. SeieieS ichar dM -_-_-_.-...-..-. July 29, 1881 )\Out from Auzust 13, 1893, to January 11,1899. poy horas a ee ae ee May re be Out from January 16, 1881, to October 31, 1881. LEDS OTT ge ge a Aug. 17, (GASEY OL h ati lid |e a eee Jan. 20, 1882 Gienn=Samuelowi 22) see. Oct. 1,1877 Gosewisch, Frederic Z____._._____--- Feb. 29,1872 Gouckerslonryo sos lass | Jan. 15, 1886 Grantamopert GQ oe. 2. 2 2 July 23, 1883 GrayvedaMes mo = | Nov. 20, 1885 GmrimesiGeorge B92 02 22.2 2k } Jan. 22,1887 GroversJonnes 222225) 2 2-2. | Mar. 13; 1880 LETT 12 A Daa ee ee eee Dec. 28, 1886 Hardinge, Robert M ___.__.__.....-..| July 2, 1885 Hass-Hagen, George _______________-- Jan. 7,1878 - HAW AG COreG Wis 8 ann eee Dec. 4,1874 Haves iricnnel. 2.22220 si jee ee Oct. 27,1880 Hecks Georee dos: - 53 atti 8 Jan. 12,1882 Heiskolisbenty li. - 2S eS | June 9, 1877 Eierisy PAN Ered Jit) 82 ee See July 12,1878 He rCHay Alice T2222) 40 ee ee Jan. 3,1887 Hersey hHonry 555-2 nee June 29, 1883 Inobpasbiverett Ce_2-22.2 oes 2 May 2,1885 392 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Employees in the Weather Bureau July 1, 1902, whose appointment precedes July 2, 1887—Continued. Date Name. | appointed. Remarks. Holmes: Charles. 2-5. 22522 eee | Oct. 3.1873 | Out from November 16, 1899, to July 15, 1900. ing b GSOr ee yb eee i gs ees Jan. 27,1882 | Out from August 22, 1885, to April 25, 1888. Hyath Robert di== 22-5 Ses es Aug. 27,1880 Cue Aron September 16, 1888, to January 20, Jennings. Thorp) B.----—----------= | Oct) Loe Jesumotsicy lewis Nicene Eee Jan. 24,1875 Johnson. PmMoch G sae. se ee na ee liye Iileae Johnsons Hired ime «sos eee ae | Jan. 5, 1882 JONES Ce DarlestJieeres- ane ae Dee. 21,1882 Ones aH Giwanrd sb ae: 9 ee eae ee Oct. 11,1883 HOuiES Solel ls its= 35 ee eee May 8,1879 Kenealyacames: <2: 6s. eirs eee June 24, 1876 Keough awaliiamy ©: 20s 4. oe Sees | Feb. 1,1873 Kimball, Herbert HH... _...-2----- _.--| July 30,1884 Reno AP DhOmasubieeees.) === == eee Aug. 1,1882 | Out from August 9, 1895, to July 6, 1896. Kinnear Aaron be = 2"= 25-2 eas. May 18,1874 WAIN ON us) OO eee eee Se July 25,1872 Lane, Nathan D-_----....--.-.----- Aug. 11,1871 | Out from August 11, 1876, to February 28, 1879. Marcombe benji) Seas 2 ee es Sept. 29, 1883 MawiOntGeOLreeyhiss sss eee May 2,1885 mazenpy.hichard © sense eee aeaeee May 27,1886 eines @harles Wen s-cee sess as eee Aug. 27,1884 | Out from July 17, 1888, to February 3, 1889. Winsley. UUs} Gree ao aee eee eS Feb. 1,1878 one wh rancis se-< | Ste Sees Aug. 1,1884 Loveland, George A ----.-.---------- July 6,1882 ry ONS sha trickle ees sees eae eee Oct. 29,1875 McAdie, Alexander G_---___-__----- | Jan. 4,1882 | Out from June 12, 1888, to December 11, 1890. McDermott, Edward __---__--__----- May 2,1871 | Out from April 16, 1894, to April 4, 1897. MeDonoush{Patrick=- 94" = = Dec. 27,1886 McGann, Edward W ____-___--__---- | Feb. 29,1872 McLean, John J _-----_-------- nee Dec. 15,1877 Marburya) Ohne es - 2 eee | Dec. 16,187 Marine SDoelosil se ee: Jan. 16,1884 Marvin: Charles:hH! 225-2 9 2 a Septs i884 Matihisons Haward il 2 Dec. 25,1874 | Out from June 8, 1876, to November 13, 1878. Maxwell, William D---_---------- -.--| July 10,1878 Meliony Jamesthie 222) es Feb. 1,1878 Meston:RobertiD 223) 25-5 a ssa: Mar. 5,1872 Mitchell, Alexander Ji___--- =------- Jan. 3,1882 Moores "lheodore ie = ee eee July 3,1878 | IMOOTE AW aLlistlis = Stee ees Apr. 21,1876 | Moarphy Daniel C22 === Nov. 9,1871 | Out from November 10, 1876,toJanuary 10, 1877. Neifert, Walliamew 20-22-27.) | Nov. 27,1885 | INewanan.Hitzhough. 2 2. | Apr. 9,1881 | Norrington, William ______________-- | Mar. 17,1875 | Out from March 17, 1885, to July 20, 1887. ~ O’Donnell, John J _____- Es ee st Oct. 18,1886 | Out from September 1, 1891, to June 9, 1892. Olds wmWalliaany Jicssse st eee ess ee | Jan. 20,1885 IRacUeCABeMen Soe. aa eee Jan. 5,1886 | Outfrom August 16, 1888, to September 23, 1888. iPassailaione, Louisih] 8) 38-22 July 10,1883 Pabrick Een yphyee= sens anne eee Jan. 5,1886 rae i oP ANS Reis ole «77 gr ut from August 12, , to January 10, 1887. Patrick, William -_-_-_-----.---.---- Aug. —, 1871 tout from August 1,1893,to July 31,1895. Pennyawatbyeeve nya eee Feb. 17,1871 | Out from August 6, 1876, to March 4, 1880. : | eee ier Reuse bee ites J pete 6,1875. o, 3 or ut from August 1, .to June 15, 1891. Penrod, Hiram J___--._-----.-.------ Mar. 4,1871 ) Out from July 9, 1891, to September 29, 1891. Out from April 6,1893, to February 29, 1896. Phillips, William F'. R---...---------| July 6,1883 | Piercy OSepHiCe ses 2) eee eee Oct. 14,1880 | RindeilsewasiMy 228% = eae ee May 18,1878 | ; Plummer. walliam 3= 2) <5 ssn as | Feb. 1,1883 | Out from March 1, 1883, to December 5, 1883. Pooh Dhomagi@l ==! 4) | Dec. 8,1881 | iPurscellWilysses\Ge on eee ee July 9,1885 Randolph, Frederick J-_---------_--- Jan. 6,1879 ReedersGeorgoee-- 2-52 Eee ees | Dec. 16,1885 Richardson, Herbert W _.------------ Jan. 19,1886 : IRideway, tranko = 258. ee Jan. 25,1879 | Out from January 25, 1884, to October 8, 1884. IO DINSONSOSSe url= =) = eee ree | Mar. 6,1872 Roche Henryshoee sean ee eee ee | Dec. 24,1886 | Ryker OnmpNies ee) Ae ee ee | July 7,1882 Salisbury, George N | July 3,188 Schneider, Charles F 2. 28, 1885 Scott, George W ---------- az sees Out from January 5, 1883, to December 22, 1886. Seyboth, Robert --_-___-- i SHEESH ULES Iv Ge eee eee ee Simms sAlfiredihic tek = aspen A is Simons, William U_______ __ Da ee >, 30 Out from July 12, 1885, to September 24, 1886. Simpson, Elmer E._---..----__--.-----| Dec. 16,1879 Slaughter, J. Pemberton____-_____---]| Aug. 17, 1883 Smith, George wW) ----------_--- ----=-| July S878 Smith, John W_------ eee = nner ee June 12, 1874 Spencer boellosbyNe eee July 1,1883 OFFICE OF APPOINTMENT CLERK. 393 Employees inthe Weather Bureau July 1, 1902, whose appointment precedes July 2, 1887—Continued. Date Name. appointed. Remarks. Siewart, Charles =-). 1-4. Ness. 8 on June 30, 1883 Stewart. John Co. 2-52)... fal oe Apr. 2,1881 Stewart, Oscar D --..---.-.-_._-_-2"| Sept. 4,1878 Stockmam William Be. 2 23-2 ee Dec. 1,1877 Strong Charles; Me 2 32 Jan. 16,1884 Sullivan’ Jonn 2-2 ee eS Jan. 22,1882 Tarrebweonarg M 222007 528s July 3,1883 homipson. Arthur os) 0s eee eee Aug. 20, 1885 ‘hompson, Hdywan Cz 22 oe ee July 16,1884 Thompson, Hi: Herbert 2... 2.22.2.) Apr. 24, 1880 MOGHIGCOECO. La) ne nen eee Jan. 4,1887 Townsend, Theodore F_-_-_-. -_--_--- Mar. 1,1871 mhuchi@harless 2223-2528 8e 2 el Apr. 11,1879 Von Herrmann, Charles T _________- Nov. 17, 1884 Woseniblishai@ys- 0) oe Dec. 22,1885 Walzherdinandierss....!2-.2-5.2.! May 12,1885 iWiatsonsdames ia 22.0 5 eee Apr. 2,1870 WielshStincinst Ae 2 Aug. 2,187: Wihiteside, James 22222. 02-. ! | July 17,1880 Wadmeyer, James fens 5) oli) Sa Dec. 4,1885 Walliam ss Hirani sea | Apr. 25,1881 Walliams: Henry Ho) 2)) i222 Mar. 24, 1876 Walliamsedohn Res be Oct. 7, 1872 WallsonsiGeoree Hit si Apr. 24, 1880 Walkonsevyilford Mies eit Se Sept. 25, 1885 | WioodeRe ter! ~5 uoT imal July 17,1880 TITLES OF POSITIONS AND CLASSES OF EMPLOYEES. Titles of positions and classes of employees in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, indicating the nature of their several occupations. Plant physiologists. Plant pathologists. Botanists. Pomologists. Agrostologists. Cerealists. Mycologists. - Crop culturists. Pharmacologists. Horticulturists. Gardener. Gardener’s assistants. Foresters. Field assistants in forestry. Dendro-chemists. Collaborators in forestry. Photographers. Soil physicists. Soil scientists. Soil analysts. Assistants in soil survey. Drainage engineers. Tobacco expert specialists. Scientific aids. Scientific assistants in physics as applied to soils. Chemists. Assistant chemists. Biochemists. Chemical tabulators. Scientific assistants in analytical chemistry. Scientific assistants in agricultural chemistry. Scientific assistants in industrial chemistry. Scientific assistants in botany. Scientific assistants in plant physiology and pathology. 394 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Scientific assistants in horticulture. Scientific assistants in bacteriology. Scientific assistants in forestry. Scientific assistants in physiology and nutrition of man. Scientific assistants in animal pathology. Scientific assistants in animal production and dairying. Scientific assistants in rural engineering, especially as applied to road making. Scientific assistants in rural engineering, especially as applied to irrigation. . Scientific assistants in practice of agriculture. Scientific assistants in agricultural statistics. Student assistants. Entomologists. Assistant entomologists. Scientific assistants in entomology. Scientific assistants in ornithology and mammalogy. Ornithologists and mammalogists. Statisticians. Compilers in statistics. Tabulators of statistics. Irrigation engineers. Irrigation assistants. Irrigation specialists. Public roads engineers. Public roads constructors. Road material engineers. Zoologists. Scientific assistants in zoology. Assistants in biochemic investigations. Veterinary inspectors in animal industry. Meat inspectors in animal industry. Assistant inspectors in animal industry. Vessel inspectors in animal industry. Live stock agents in animal industry. Stock examiners in animal industry. Taggers in animal industry. Microscopists in animal industry. Assistant microscopists in animal industry. Microscope and other instrument repairers in animal industry. Animal husbandry specialists in animal industry. Professors of meteorology in the Weather Burean. Meteorologists in the Weather Bureau. Medico-climatologists in the Weather Bureau. Forecast officials in the Weather Bureau. Local forecast officials in the Weather Bureau. Observers in the Weather Bureau. Section directors in the Weather Bureau. Station agents in the Weather Bureau. Messenger boys on stations in the Weather Bureau. Skilled artisans in the Weather Bureau. Batterymen in the Weather Bureau. Repairmen in the Weather Bureau. River observers in the Weather Bureau. Rainfall observers in the Weather Bureau. Cotton-region observers in the Weather Bureau. Sugar and rice observers in the Weather Bureau. Corn and wheat observers in the Weather Bureau. Fruit and wheat observers in the Weather Bureau. Storm-warning displaymen in the Weather Bureau. Clerks. Bookkeepers. Copyists. Typewriters. . Stenographers and typewriters. Editors. Editorial clerks. Proof readers. Translators. Artists. OFFICE OF APPOINTMENT CLERK. 395 Modelers. Illustrators. Engravers. Lithographers. Com positors. Printers. Pressmen. Folders and feeders in printing office. Library ee Library cataloguers. Scientific assistants in library science. Publication and document folders and mailers. Frank counters. Telegraph and telephone operators. Electricians. Steam engineers. Firemen. Assistant firemen. Machinists. Skilled mechanics. Plumbers. Blacksmiths. Carpenters. Painters. Skilled laborers. Messengers. Assistant messengers. Watchmen. Mere unskilled manual laborers, including charwomen. REGULATIONS GOVERNING EMPLOYEES IN THE U. S. DEPART- MENT OF AGRICULTURE. By the provisions of the Civil Service act approved January 16, 1883, and the rules of the U. 8. Civil Service Commission approved by the President, all positions in the U. 8. Department of Agriculture, except those of mere manual, unskilled laborers, including charwomen, are now embraced in the classified civil service, and appointments thereto can now be made only from certificates issued by the U.S. Civil Service Commission, except in the cases of special agents and experts. All persons seeking information respecting the classified civil sery- ice and examinations for positions therein should address the U. 8. Civil Service Commission, Washington, D.C. A manual of examina- tions for the classified civil service of the United States is published by the U. 8. Civil Service Commission for the information and guid- ance of all persons interested therein. Any person holding an appointment to a position in any other Department or officially connected with any other branch of the Government service will not, while holding such appointment, be employed in any capacity, even temporarily, in the U. 8. Department of Agriculture. To every person appointed to any position in the U.S. Department of Agriculture a written appointment, signed by the Secretary (or Acting Secretary) of Agriculture, will be issued, stating the title or name of the position to which appointed and describing in general terms the character of the service to be performed by and specifying the salary or the rate of compensation to be paid to the person so appointed and the specific roll or fund provided in the act making appropriations for the Department of Agriculture from which paid. 396 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. Every appointee will be required to take an oath (or affirmation) of office in the form prescribed by law before entering upon his duties, and file the same, together with a statement of legal residence, post- office address, and personal record, with the Appointment Clerk of the Department, on a form provided by the Department. In every case in which the issue of a new appointment becomes necessary, aS in promotions, reappointments, transfers, and changes of official designation, a new oath and a statement of personal record will be required, unless otherwise directed in the appointment. The oath of office of appointees to positions in the United States Department of Agriculture may be taken before any officer having an official seal, with authority to administer oaths either by United States statutes or by local municipal Jaw, and it must be properly certified under the hand and seal of such officer. The oath of office may also be taken before the Chief Clerk of the United States Department of Agriculture or before the chief clerk of any Bureau thereof. Neither salary nor other emoluments will be paid to any employee until the required oath of office shall have been filed with the Appoint- ment Clerk of the Department, nor until the appointee shall have reported for duty according to his instructions. If a specific date is named upon which the appointment is to take effect, salary will not begin until that date, although the oath may have been taken earlier. REGULATIONS GOVERNING PROMOTIONS, ETC., IN THE U. 8. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. OFFICE OF U.S. CivIL SERVICE COMMISSION, Washington, D. C., December 1, 1896. In pursuance of the requirements of section 7 of ‘‘An act to regulate and improve the civil service of the United States,’ approved January 16, 1883, and in con- formity with Rule XI of the revision of the Civil Service Rules promulgated by the President on the 6th day of May, 1896, the following regulations governing promotions in the departmental service of the Department of Agriculture have been formulated by the Civil Service Commission after consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, and are hereby promulgated: Regulation I. SecTION 1. All vacancies above those in the lowest class of any grade not filled by reinstatement, transfer, or reduction shall be filled by promotion: Provided, That if there is no person eligible for promotion, or if the vacant position requires the exercise of technical or professional knowledge, it may be filled through cer- tification by the Civil Service Commission. Sec. 2. Except as provided in section 1 of this regulation, a vacancy in any class shall be filled by the promotion of an eligible in the next lower class of the same Bureau, Division, or Office. When such vacancy exists the Board of Promotion Review shall certify to the Secretary of Agriculture the names of the three eligi- bles in the Bureau, Division, or Office having the highest records of efficiency, and from these names the Secretary of Agriculture shall make his selection: Provided, That if there shall be in the Bureau less than three eligibles in the class next below that in which the vacancy exists, the Board of Promotion Review shall certify as many in addition of the highest eligibles in the corresponding class of the other Bureaus as may be necessary to make a full certification. Regulation II. ~ Section 1. No person shall be promoted to any grade from which he is barred by the age limitations prescribed by the Civil Service Rules. Src. 2. No person whose record of efficiency is below 85 per cent of the possible maximum rating of his class or grade shall be eligible for promotion. Sec. 8. No person occupying a position below the grade of clerk-copyist shall be promoted to that grade until he shall have been employed two years in the departmental service and shall have passed, with an average percentage of 70 or over, the examination prescribed by the Commission. OFFICE OF APPOINTMENT CLERK. 397 Regulation ITI. Section 1. The chief clerk of each Bureau, under the direction of the head thereof, shall keep a record of the efficiency of all employees under his super- vision, and a similar record of employees not assigned to any Bureau shall be kept by the Chief Clerk of the Department. Sec. 2. The record of efficiency shall be kept on such forms as may be prescribed by the Commission after consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, and shall embrace the elements which are essential to a fair and accurate determination of the relative merits of employees. Sec. 3. A record of those eligible for promotion shall be kept by the Board of Promotion Review. The board shall have access to efficiency records, and may at any time call for a transcript of the same. Sec. 4. The efficiency reports made by the chiefs of the several Bureaus, Divi- sions, and Offices of the Department of Agriculture respecting the value of the personal services in the Department of each person serving under them, and filed with the Appointment Clerk for the Chief Clerk of the Department, shall be the basis of all promotions, demotions, and continuations on the rolls of the Department. Sec. 5. The following shall be the form of efficiency report to be used in the Department of Agriculture: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, Washington. DiC ==> eae 1: {: eee Wort CHLEK ORVMHUN 22-5.) pecan. lees eae n ae You are directed to report upon the following-named person, as the questions herein pro- pounded may require, and to file the report with the Appointment Clerk for the Chief Clerk. J. STERLING MorTon, Secretary. EFFICIENCY REPORT. Vide ean rae ee ee Mee ee oe oes ee is employed under your supervision. This person’s SAlaTyIsiG-----2-2 22-5 per annum. Upon what character of work is this person generally employed? Isitclerical? Supervisory? Routine? Is it of a varied and exceptional character? Does it involve original thought, consid- eration, or investigation? If it is skilled labor, state the kind, and whether it is supervisory or routine. If itis that of messenger, watchman, charwoman, or mere laborer, state the fact. How high on a scale of 10 do you rate the quality of this person’s work? ______ How high ona scale of 10do yourate the quantity of work per month done by this person? How high on a scale of 10 do you rate the puneuialiey of this person? -.-._-. How high on a scale of 10 do you rate the deportment of this person? _____- How. Many days absent from duty on account of sickness during the six months last ash? ©. .2 225. 4 How many days absent from duty otherwise than on account of sickness during the six months last past? ------ On account of annual leave? _____- Without leave? -.___- Fur- loughed? ___.-. Does this person show, in your opinion, any special fitness for work of a higher intellectual character than that to which assigned? ste i ofcict) ) Gr ee ets sukSigned)) tf ue so hn Tia een 6 le Cee INOn Ras. 3:32 Chief of the (MEMORANDUM RESPECTING THIS PERSON, COMPILED FROM THE RECORDS OF THE DEPARTMENT.) Sec. 6. An examination into the relative efficiency of employees, as shown by the efficiency record hereinbefore provided for, and such further tests as the Com- mission may deem necessary, shall constitute an examination for promotion from one class to another class. No person, except as herein provided, shall be eligible for promotion until he shall have passed such an examination. Sec. 7. Examinations for promotion from one grade to another grade shall be conducted by the Board of Promotion Examiners at such times as may be fixed by the Commission. Sec. 8. Efficiency reports shall be called for by the Chief Clerk immediately before the termination of the first half of the fiscal year, and also immediately before the termination of the fiscal year, and may be called for at such other times as the interests of the Department seem to require. JOHN R. PROCTER, President Civil Service Commission. 398 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. EXECUTIVE ORDER. All officers and employees of the United States of every description, serving in or under any of the Executive Departments, and whether so serving in or out of Washington, are hereby forbidden, either directly or indirectly, individually or through associations, to solicit an increase of pay or to influence or attempt to infiuence in their own interest any other legislation whatever, either before Con- gress or its committees, or in any way save through the heads of the Departments in or under which they serve, on penalty of dismissal from the Government service. (Signed) THEODORE ROOSEVELT, WHITE Howse, January 31, 1902. AMENDMENT TO THE CIVIL SERVICE RULES. In the exercise of the power vested in the President by the Constitution and by virtue of the one thousand seven hundred and fifty-third section of the Revised Statutes, and of the Civil Service act approved January 16, 1883, Civil Service Rule XI is hereby amended by adding at the end thereof the following section: 5. No recommendation for the promotion of any employee in the classified serv- ice shall be considered by any officer concerned in making promotions except it be made by the officer or officers under whose supervision or control such employee is serving: and such recommendation by any other person, with the knowledge and consent of the employee, shall be sufficient cause for debarring him from the promotion proposed, and a repetition of the offense shall be sufficient cause for removing him from the service. (Signed) THEODORE ROOSEVELT. WHITE House, Jiuly 3, 1902. REGULATIONS GOVERNING APPOINTMENT TO POSITIONS OF MERE UNSKILLED LABORER UNDER DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. In the exercise of power vested in the President by the Constitution and by section 1753 of the Revised Statutes, the following regulations governing appoint- ment to positions of mere manual unskilled laborer under the Department of Agriculture in the District of Columbia, having been recommended by the Secre- tary of Agriculture and the Civil Service Commission, are hereby approved and promulgated, to be effective from and after July 2, 1902: 1. These regulations shall not have the effect of bringing positions of mere laborer within the provisions of the act of January 16, 1883, known as the Civil Service act, or of the rules in pursuance thereof; but the system of appointments hereby established shall be separate and distinct from the classified service. 2. No person shall be appointed to, or employed in, any position of mere laborer under the Department of Agriculture in the District of Columbia except in accordance with these regulations. 3. The Secretary of Agriculture shall appoint a board of labor employment of not less than three members, who shall be officers or employees of the Depart- ment of Agriculture, and who shall be divided as nearly as practicable between different political parties. 4. Each applicant shall make application on a form prescribed by the board of labor employment and approved by the Civil Service Commission, showing his age, physical condition, and other qualifications for the performance of mere manual labor, as indicated by his past occupations. The form of application shall be accompanied by certificates, or vouchers, from three reputable citizens who have knowledge of and are competent to testify as to the applicant’s character and qualifications for performing manual labor. 5. Political or religious affiliations of applicants shall not be given any consider- ation whatever, nor shall political indorsements be received or entertained. 6. Applications of persons over 65 years of age will not be considered, except of honorably discharged United States soldiers or sailors of the civil war or of the Spanish-American war and of those entitled to the benefits of section 1754, Revised Statutes. 7. Applications shall not be received from persons who are badly crippled or deformed, or from persons who are not citizens of the United States; applicants who claim citizenship through naturalization shall be required to submit to the board documentary proof of their naturalization. OFFICE OF APPOINTMENT CLERK. ~~ 399 8. Applications shall be received by the board of labor employment at any time. Onthe 1st of January and the ist of July of each year the board shall determine the relative fitness of each applicant who has filed his application in complete form within the six months preceding; the rating or determination of relative fitness shall be made on a scale of 100 and based upon a careful considera- tion of the applicant’s age, his physical qualifications for performing mere man- ual labor, and his ability and adaptability to perform such labor, special considera- tion being given any former service as laborer in the Department. In rating an applicant no credit shall be given for any qualifications which he may possess other than those for the performance of manual labor, as above enumerated. The fact that an applicant can not read and write shall not be considered in deter- mining his rating. Whenever in any case the board is unable to determine satis- factorily the rating of an applicant upon the information furnished in connection with the application, it may secure such further information as it may desire in respect to the applicant’s character or ability, and may summon the applicant to appear personally before the board or its representative: Provided, That all infor- mation or matter which is given any consideration in determining the rating shall be reduced to writing and made a part of the applicant’s papers. All applicants who receive a rating of 70 or more shall be deemed eligible. Whenever it may be necessary, in order to supply qualified persons for appointment, the board may at any time between January 1 and July 1 rate all applicants whose applications may be at such time on file and unrated. 9. As soon as the board has completed the rating of applicants for any period, as provided in section 8 of these regulations, it shall enter upon the register of eligibles the names of all those whom it has determined, in accordance with said section, to be eligible for the performance of mere manual labor, arranged in the order of relative fitness, with the highest first: Provided, That the names of eligi- bles who are entitled to preference under section 1754 of the Revised Statutes shall be placed at the head of the register in the order of theirratings. Separate regis- ters of eligibles shall be kept, one for males and one for females. The period of eligibility shall be one year from the date on which the name of an eligible is entered on the register. 10. Whenever the Secretary of Agriculture desires to fill, by original appoint- ment, an existing vacancy in the position of mere manual laborer, upon his request the board of labor employment shall certify to him from the male or female register, as indicated in the request, the three names at the head thereof which have not been three times certified. Of the three names certified the Secretary of Agriculture shall select one for appointment, and if, at the time of the selec- tion, there are more vacancies than one, he may select more than one. The policy of the Department will be to select for appointment the highest of the three names certified, unless, for some reason satisfactory to the Department, it is deemed best to select one of the others. A person selected for appoint- ment shall receive a certificate for a probationary period of six months, at the end of which period, if his conduct and capacity are satisfactory to the Secre- tary of Agriculture, his retention in the service shall be equivalent to his absolute appointment; but if his conduct or capacity be not satisfactory, he shall be noti- fied that he will not receive absolute appointment because of such unsatisfactory conduct or want of capacity, and such notification shall discharge him from the service. Removal during the probationary period or after absolute appointment shall be made without any regard to political or religious affiliations. Whenever a person is separated from the position of mere manual laborer for any reason he shall be given what may be known as a separation card, upon which shall be entered a statement of the reasons for his separation and of the character of serv- ice rendered by him. 11. Persons appointed through certification by the board of labor employment under these regulations shall not be assigned to the performance of any clerical duty or of any duty properly belonging to any position classified under the civil- service law; and the compensation paid to any person appointed under these reg- ulations shall not exceed $50 per month or $600 per annum. 12. The records of the board of labor employment shall at all times be open to the inspection of the Civil Service Commission or its authorized representatives. 13. In connection with his monthly report of changes to the Commission the Secretary of Agriculture shall certify whether any person holding a position of mere manual laborer under these regulations has been assigned to clerical duty or any other duty properly belonging to a position classified under the Civil Service law, 400 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. 14. The Civil Service Commission, whenever it shall find that any person is holding a position contrary to the provisions of these regulations, shall, after notice to the person affected and an opportunity for explanation or other state- ment, certify information of the fact of such irregularity to the Secretary of Agriculture, and then if such person be not dismissed within thirty days, to the disbursing and auditing officers through whom the salary or wages of such person is by law required to be paid; and thereafter such disbursing or auditing officers shall not pay or permit to be paid to such person any salary or wages which accrue after such certificate has been received by him. 15. These regulations may be amended either by the President or by the con- current action of the Secretary of Agriculture and the Civil Service Commission. THEODORE ROOSEVELT, President. JAMES WILSON, Secretary of Agriculture. Dated July 2, 1902. REGULATION 9 AMENDED. Section 9 of the regulations governing appointment to positions of mere unskilled laborer under the Department of Agriculture in the District of Columbia is hereby amended by inserting after the word ‘‘males’’ the words ‘* between the ages of 14 and 21 years, and one for males between the ages 21 and 65 years,’ and add after the word ‘* females’’ the following words: ‘*‘ Between the ages of 14 and 21 years, and one for females between the ages of 21 and 65 years,’’ so that the sec- tion will read as follows when so amended: **9. As soon as the board has completed the ratings of applicants for any period, as provided in section 8 of these regulations, it shall enter upon the register of eligibles the names of all those whom it has determined, in accordance with said section, to be eligible for the performance of mere manual labor, arranged in the order of relative fitness, with the highest first: Provided, That the names of eligi- bles who are entitled to preference under section 1754 of the Revised Statutes shall be placed at the head of the register in the order of their ratings. Separate reg- isters shall be kept—one for males between the ages of 14 and 21 years, and one for males between the ages of 21 and 65 years, and one for females between the ages of 14 and 21 years, and one for females between the ages of 21 and 65 years. The period of eligibility shall be one year from the date on which the name of an eligible is entered on the register. (Signed) : JAMES WILSON, Secretary of Agriculture. (Signed) W. D. FoULKE, Acting President, U. S. Civil Service Conmission. b) August 29, 1902. Blank application forms for appointment to the position of mere unskilled laborer may be obtained by applying to the U. 8. Department of Agriculture. REPORT OF THE STATISTICIAN. U. 8. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, DIVISION OF STATISTICS, Washington, D. C., November 1, 1902. Str: I have the honor to submit herewith a report of the work of the Division of Statistics for the fiscal year ended June 30,1902. , Respectfully, JOHN HYDE, Statistician. Hon. JAMES WILSON, Secretary. . WORE OF THE YEAR. The work of the Division of Statistics has consisted mainly, as in past years, of the preparation of reports relative to the extent and geographical distribution of the area of production of the principal products of the soil, the condition and prospects of the different crops during the growing season, and the quantity, quality, and disposition of the product harvested, together with the latest information con- cerning the crops of such foreign countries as enter into competition with the United States in the markets of the world. No amplification of the scope of the work was practicable until an increased appropriation should provide for the employment of a larger number of experts and compilers. While, as already stated, there could be no immediate enlargement of the scope of the work of this Division, arrangements have been made for the resumption of the reports on live stock and on tobacco, which had been temporarily suspended pending the publication of those of the Census. The results of such work as the Division has been engaged in, other than that of crop reporting, have been embodied in publications on ‘Statistics on the fruit industry of California,” ‘‘ Wheat ports of the Pacifie coast,” ‘‘The future demand for American cotton,” and ‘‘ The cotton-seed industry,” with numerous statistical articles on various subjects Appearing from time to time in the Crop Reporter. With a view to further improving the crop-reporting service of the Division, two additional field agents have been appointed, and the statistical expert, who has for some years had charge of the crop sta- tistics of foreign countries competing with the United States, has been sent to London, England, where he is in closer touch with the statis- tical offices of the different European Governments, whose reports, along with the most authoritative commercial intelligence of. interest to American agriculturists, he transmits to Washington by mail or cable immediately upon their becoming available. In cooperation with the State Agricultural College of Minnesota, a Statistical investigation is being conducted by the Division of Statis- AGR 1902——26 401 402 DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. tics into methods of farming, the results of which will have an impor- tant bearing on such questions as the relative profitableness of crops, the economical utilization of farm labor, ete. RECOMMENDATION. Another year has passed without the Division having those enlarged opportunities for usefulness which the possession of a bureau organi- zation would give it. As pointed out in the Statistician’s last annual report, the fact that the Department’s crop-reporting service, num- bering nearly 250,000 persons, or five times as many as the Census enumerators, is a voluntary service, inevitably results in some lack of,appreciation of its magnitude and of the amount of work involved, not only in tabulating its reports, numbering about 2,500,000 per annum, but also in maintaining the organization itself. A divisional organization can not utilize to the greatest possible advantage the possibilities of usefulness which the possession of this great corps of agricultural correspondents places within its reach. On the other hand, the more elastic organization of a bureau, with that larger cleri- cal foree and increased number of statistical experts, could not fail to make the statistical work of the Department more fully commensu- rate with the great agricultural interests of the country. O ‘ ae e A % “% 7, Dh rapt . f Banepa ; 5 eet