Demy 8vo , 34.2 Pages , 27 Plates . Covers, 5s . ;

with Leather Back and Extra Cloth Boards , &y.

SYSTEMATIC LISTS

ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE

Flora, Fauna, Palaeontology,

AND

OF THE

NORTH OF IRELAND.

BY MEMBERS OF

gjatolifits' ( 0M <3}M.

VOL. I.

Belfast:

PRINTED FOR THE CLUB.

V vU

PREFACE.

N the Annual Report of the Club for the year ending
31st March, 1870, it was stated that “The Committee
considered it advisable that the Club should prepare
complete lists of the Fauna, Flora, Geology, and Archaeology of
Ulster, by publishing an annual contribution to such a work in
addition to the ordinary Report.” The purpose thus indicated
has been kept steadily in view, the work being inaugurated by
Professor Ralph Tate, F.G.S., in a paper issued in 1870, as an
appendix to the Report of that year. Owing to the long-
continued researches, and the special knowledge required on the
part of the authors of the lists, it has not been found possible to
publish an appendix every year, nevertheless the series at the
present time numbers twenty-one separate papers, extending over
342 pages, illustrated by 27 plates. Thus, though there have
been occasional breaks in the regularity of the issue, it has so
happened that sometimes several contributions were received and
printed in one year, and accordingly the promise has been more
than fulfilled.

The papers that form the present volume have all appeared as
appendices to the Club’s Proceedings, which are printed and dis-
tributed annually, but, with a view to their publication in a
collected form, the appendices have been separately paged. In
these Memoirs, there are given the results of long-continued and
laborious research by members of the Club, in the subjects as to

4

which they are most competent. These results are already in
the possession of the earlier members ; but it is considered that
the time has now arrived when they should be given to those more
recently elected, and to the general public.

In the treatment of the various subjects, conciseness has been
the aim throughout; but the several compilers have arranged their
matter in such manner as was considered by each the most suit-
able for the elucidation of his subject with brevity. Whatever
opinions may be formed as to the style or method of these papers,
it is certain that they furnish the fullest, most authentic, and most
recent information respecting their different departments.

In issuing this, the first volume prepared in accordance with
the plan of 1870, it is earnestly hoped that it may not only prove
useful to such as are commencing to investigate, but that it may
stimulate to further exertion those who have been long engaged in
the work. Several branches of local Natural History remain still
untouched, and much of our Archaeology requires further
elucidation ; and for these purposes additional workers are
wanted, and will doubtless be forthcoming. Many volumes such
as this are required before the plan can be said to be complete,
and it may reasonably be hoped that they will follow in due time.
With a more ripened experience on the part of the Club, and
a succession of compilers equally painstaking, but having still
more extended knowledge, it may be anticipated that the present
will be surpassed by future volumes of the series.

WILLIAM SWANSTON, F.G.S.,
F. W. LOCKWOOD,

| Hon. Secs.

Belfast, November , 1886.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE

Appendix I. — A list of the Irish Liassic Fossils, with notes on the
new and critical species, by Ralph Tate, Assoc.

Lin. Soc., F.G.S., &c. Plate I. ... ... i

,, II. — A list of the Irish Liassic Foraminifera, by Joseph

Wright, F.G.S., F.R.G.S.I. 25

,, ,, — A list of the Fossils of the Estuarine Clays of the

Counties of Down and Antrim, by Samuel Alex.
Stewart, F.B.S.Edin. ... ... ... 27

,, III, — A list of the Mosses of the North-east of Ireland, by

Samuel Alex. Stewart, F.B.S.Edin. ... ... 41

,, ,, — A list of the Cretaceous Microzoa of the North-east of

Ireland, by Joseph Wright, F.G.S., F.R.G.S.I.
Plates II. & III. ... ... ... ... 73

,, IV. — Recent Foraminifera of Down and Antrim, by Joseph

Wright, F.G.S., F.R.G.S.I. Plate IV. ... 101

,, ,, — Correlation of the Silurian Rocks of County Down,

by William Swanston, F.G. S., and Charles Lap-

worth, F.G.S. Plates V., VI., VII 107

,, V. — A list of the Post-Tertiary Foraminifera of the North-

east of Ireland, by Joseph Wright, F.G.S. ... 149
,, ,, — A list of the Mollusca of the Boulder Clay of the

North-east of Ireland, by Samuel Alex. Stewart,

F.B.S.Edin. ... ... ... ... 165

,, VI. — A list of Recent Foraminifera from South Donegal, by

Joseph Wright, F.G.S. Plate VIII. (in part) ... 178
,, ,, — Sponge Remains from the Carboniferous Strata of Ben

Bulben, near Sligo, by Joseph Wright, F.G.S. 189

6

Appendix

99

59

99

99

99

9 9

99

99

PAGE

VI. — Fossil Sponge Spicules from the Carboniferous Strata
of Ben Bulben, near Sligo, by H. J. Carter,
F.R.S., &c. Plate VIII. (in part) ... ... 190

VII.— Supplement to a list of Mosses of the North-east of

Ireland, by Samuel Alex. Stewart, F.B.S.Edin. 196
VIII. — Notes on Irish Coleoptera, by A. H. Haliday, F.L S. 21 1
„ — The Cromlechs of Antrim and Down, by William

Gray, M.R.I.A. Plates IX. to XX 225

}s —Notes on the Pre-Historic Monuments at Carrowmore,
near Sligo— the Battlefield of Northern Moytura,
by Charles Elcock. Plates XXI. to XXIV. ... 249
IX.— Recent Ostracoda of Belfast Lough, by Samuel M.

Malcomson, M.D. Plate XXV. ... ... 259

,, —The Fungi of the North-east of Ireland, by Henry

William Lett, M.A., T.C.D 265

1 1 — Foraminifera of “Protector ” Cruise, and from Rockport,
Belfast Lough, by Joseph Wright, F.G.S. Plate

XXVI 317

„ A list of the Cretaceous Microzoa of Ready Hill,

County Derry, by Joseph Wright, F.G.S. Plate

xxvii 327

„ —A list of Irish Coleoptera, by Robert Patterson, F.R.S. 335

7

LIST OF PLATES.

Plate

I.

II.

III.

IV.
V.

VI.

VII.

VIII.

IX.

Irish Liassic Fossils — Tate.

Cretaceous Microzoa of North-east of Ireland — Wright.
— Recent Foraminifera of Down and Antrim — Wright.

Graptolites of County Down — Swanston & Lapworth.

Recent Foraminifera of South Donegal — Wright.

Fossil Sponge Spicules from Ben Bulben — Carter.
Cromlechs, &c., of Antrim, Carnanmore, & Doonan.

X.—

, ,, Roughfort and Mount Druid.

XI —

,, Glegnagh and Cloughnaboghill.

XII.-

, ,, Cloughanuncher& Ballyvennaght

XIII.—

,, Cloughs and Ticloy.

XIV.—

,, Broadstone and Finvoy.

XV.-

,, Cloughogan and Druid’s Altar.

XVI.—

of Down, Giant’s Ring and Kempe Stone

XVII.—

, , Mountstewart and Loughmoney

XVIII.—

,, Loughanisland & Slidderyford.

XIX.—

,, Cloughmore and Legananny.

XX.—

,, Kilkeel and Causeway Water.

XXI. — Cromlechs of Carrowmore, Co. Sligo, Dr. Petrie’s, No. 13
and No. 7 — Elcock.

XXII. — Cromlechs of Carrowmore, Co. Sligo, Dr. Petrie’s, No. 4
and No. — Elcock.

XXIII. — Cromlechs of Carrowmore, Co. Sligo, Dr. Petrie’s, No. 14
and No. — Elcock.

XXIV. — Cromlechs of Carrowmore, Co. Sligo, Dr. Petrie’s, No. 37.

— Elcock.

XXV. — Recent Ostracoda of Belfast Lough — Malcomson.

XXVI. — Foraminifera of “ Protector” Cruise, & Rockport — Wright.

XXVII.— Cretaceous Foraminifera of Ready Hill — Wright.

APPENDIX I .

_A_ LIST

OF THE

SH

IASSIC

j^OSSILS,

WITH NOTES ON THE NEW AND CRITICAL SPECIES,

BY RALPH TATE,

ASSOC. LIN. SOC., F.G.S., &c.

Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club.

September, 1870.

A LIST OF

THE IRISH LIASSIC FOSSILS,

WITH NOTES ON THE NEW AND CRITICAL SPECIES,

BY RALPH TATE, ASSOC. LIN. SOC., F.G.S., &c.

->■» ♦ ♦ <

The only Author, excepting myself, who has enumerated the fossils of the Lias
of the Province of Ulster— that division of Ireland in which, only, that forma-
tion is developed — is the late General Portlock.

The specimens on which he based the list in the “ Survey of Londonderry,”
pp. 747 — 769 (1843), now form part of the Collection of the Museum of Prac-
tical Geology, London, and that of the Museum of the Irish Geological Survey,
Dublin ; these I have carefully examined, and the results arrived at are em-
bodied in List I, in the left hand column of which are arranged the specific
names quoted by Portlock, and in the right hand those that I have adopted.

The sign ! is prefixed to those species, original specimens of which I have
examined. Those included in brackets are for the present expunged from the
list of Irish Liassic fossils, because from their known distribution, it is ex-
tremely probable that these determinations are erroneous ; at any rate their
identification requires further confirmation. Some species, examples of which
are not now in the Portlockian Collection, have received new names. These
are adopted, because there is no doubt that they are the species to which
Portlock’s descriptions are applicable, and which, moreover, have occurred to
me in the Liassic strata of the North of Ireland.

The first column of List I. contains 107 specific names, but by the elimi-
nation of synonyms, and the rejection of a few doubtful determinations, the

Tate — List of Irish Liassic Fossils.

number is reduced to 71. This has been increased during the last few years
to 189, all of which species are catalogued in List II.

This list cannot be considered complete, inasmuch as additional species
have been found time after time, on the occasion of revisiting those sections,
which have yielded the greater number of the fossils, and which, consequently,
from past experience, will continue to reward a search by an industrious
collector.

The principal localities in County Antrim are Colin Glen and Cave Hill,
near Belfast; Whitehead, Island Magee, and Waterloo, near Lame; Glenarm ;
between Garron Point and Red Bay ; Ballintoy. In County Londonderry,
Magilligan, Aghanloo, &c., whence Portlock obtained the majority of the
species of his catalogue.

List No. II. shows the range of each species in the several members of the
Lias, as described by me in the Quarterly Journal Geological Society, Vol. xx.,
p. 103 (1863) ; Vol. xxiii., p. 297 (1867) ; Vol. xxvi. (1870).

The Liassic system is represented in the North of Ireland by the forma-
tions termed Rhsetic, Lower Lias, and Middle Lias.

The Rhaetic series is as fully developed in the immediate neighbourhood
of Belfast as in any portion of Great Britain; it is there capable of division
into the “ Avicula contorta-shales,” and the White Lias. Not more than 29
species have been satisfactorily identified from this formation ; 24 of these occur
in the lower zone, and 13 in the upper, whilst 5 of them pass up into the Lower
Lias.

The Lower Lias, which I have divided into four zones or palaeontological
horizons, has yielded 15 1 species, 2 of which are common to the Middle
Lias. The “ Planorbis Zone” has afforded 24 species; two only, Gervillia
acuminata , and Mytilus subtilis , are confined to it, whilst the majority do not
extend upwards beyond the overlying zone. The “ Angulatus-beds, relatively
rich in Gasteropods and Corals, have yielded 120 species, 26 of which pass
to the upper zones. The “ Bucklandi-beds” have not been so thoroughly
searched as the lower zones, and I can only enumerate 21 species from them,
but 5 of these appear to be limited to this horizon.

The Ballintoy, or “ Belemnites acutus shales,” have yielded 44 species.
They are comparatively rich in peculiar Cephalopods, and 19 species in all are
confined to this zone.

The Middle Lias at Ballintoy contains sixteen species, two only of which
occur in the inferior beds.

In the following table are indicated the number of species known and in-
ferred that pass from lower to higher zones, and the total number of species in
each member, of the Lias, and the per centage number of restricted species in
each member.

Tate — List of Irish Liassic Fossils.

5

Avicula Shales . .
White Lias

Avicula

Shales

White

Lias

Planorbis

Zone

Angulatus

Zone

Bucklandi

Limestone

Belemnite

Shales

Ballintoy

Marls.

Total species
known
and inferred.

Per centage
of restricted
Species.

24

18

13

4

5

3

4

•-

1

|1

j 29

83

Planorbis Zone . .

24

22

8

7

I

\)

1 >• 122

75

Angulatus „

120

26

17

I

)

Bucklandi „

33

22

I

33

18

Belemnite Shales

44

1 2

44

45

Ballintov Marls

1 -

..

16

16

87-5

The specific names in List No. 2 supersede those which have previously
been employed by me. The alterations have been necssitated in some cases
on account of erroneous determinations, but, in the majority, because of the
preference given to older names and synonymous denominations.

CATALOGUE I.

Amended List of Species cited by Portlock, from the

Irish Lias .

CLASS

Species of Gen. Portlock’s List.

! Acrodus minimus, Ag.

S sp. Portlock t. xiv., fol. 17

! Gyrolepis Alberti, Ag.

! Gyrolepis tenuistriatus, Ag.

! Saurichthys apicalis, Ag.

PICES.

Species adopted.
Acrodus minimus, Ag.
Acrodus Tatei, Moore , MS.
Gyrolepis Alberti, Ag.
Gyrolepis tenuistriatus, Ag.
Saurichthys apicalis, Ag.

CLASS CEPHALOPODA.

! Ammonites armatus, Sow.

! Ammonites hastatus, Y dr3 B.

! Ammonites Bucklandi, Sow.

! Ammonites multicostatus, Sow. (pars)

! Ammonites Conybeari, Sow. 1

! Ammonites striatulus, Sow.

! Ammonites elegans ? Sow.

! Ammonites lseviusculus ? Sow.

! Ammonites subradiatus ? Sow.

! Ammonites intermedius, Portl.

! Ammonites Johnstoni, Sow.

Ammonites Lamberti, Sozv.

! Ammonites MacDonnelli, Portl.

! Ammonites planorbis, Sow.

S Ammonites Sampsoni, Portl.
[Ammonites radians, Rein .]

! Ammonites multicostatus, Sow. (pars)

S Ammonites rotiformis, Sow.

! Belemnites abbreviatus, Mill.

Ammonites armatus, Sow.

Ammonites Bucklandi, Sow.
Ammonites Sauzeanus, D’ Orb,

Ammonites Conybeari, Sow.
Ammonites Buvgnieri, D' Orb.

Ammonites Johnstoni, Sow.

Ammonites angulatus, Schloth.
Ammonites MacDonnelli, Portl.

Ammonites planorbis, Sow.

?

Ammonites raricostatus, Ziet.
Belemnites acutus, Mill.

CLASS GASTEROPODA.

! Cerithium carbonarium ? Goldf.
! Dentalium tenue, Portl .

! Melania cf Bronni, Rom.

! Trochus anglicus, Sow.
[Trochus fasciatus ? Sow.}
Turritella percincta, Portl.

! Turritella tenuicostata, Portl.

Cerithium gratum, Terq.
Dentalium Portlocki, Tate.
Turritella Dunkeri, Terq.
Pleurotomaria similis, Sow.

? Pleurotomaria similis, Sow.
Cerithium percinctum, Portl.
Cerithium tenuicostatum, Portl.

Tate — List of Irish Liassic Fossils.

7

CLASS CONCHIFERA.

! Area pulchra ? Sow.

! Astarte elegans, PhU.

! Astarte tetragona, Portl.

! Avicula contorta, Portl.

! Avicula insequivalvis, Sow.

! Avicula modiolaris, Gold/.

Avicula substriata, Brown.

! Cardium striatulum, Sow.

#

! Cardium tnmeatum, Sow.

Corbis ? ovalis, Phil.

! Cucullsea cucullata, Gold/.

! Gryphsea cymbium, Lamk.

! Gryphsea bullata ? Sow.

Gryphsea dilatata, Sow.

! Gryphsea MacCullochi, Sow (pars)
! Gryphsea incurva, Sow.

[Gryphsea MacCullochi, Sow.
pars.]

! Inoceramus cinctus ? Gold/.

! Lysianassa rhombifera, Gold/.

! Lima altemans, Rom.

Lima cardiiformis, Sow.

! Lima pectinoides, Sow.

! Lima antiquata, Sow.

! Lima Hermanni, Gold/.

! Lima rustica ? Sow.

! Lima duplicata, Sow.

! Lima gigantea, Sow.

! Lima proboscidea ? Sow.

! Lima punctata, Sow.

! Modiola bipartita ? Sow.

Modiola compressa, Goldf.

! Modiola Hillana, Sow.

! id. pars.

! Modiola minima, Sow.

! Modiola alseformis, Sow.

! Modiola oblonga ? Rom.

! . Modiola, nov. spec.

! Modiola scalprum, Sow.

! Nucula antiquata ? Sow.

! Nucula subglobosa ? Rom.

! Nucula variabilis ? Sow
! Nucula rostralis, Gold/.

! Ostrea acuminata, Sow.

Cucullsea Hettangiensis, Terq.
Astarte Gueuxii, D' Orb.

Avicula contorta, Portl.

Avicula novemcostse, Brown.
Avicula Pattersoni, Tate.

! Avicula papyria, Querist.

Cardium Philippianum, Dunk.
Cardium Rhseticum, Merian.
Lucina limbata ? Terq. 6° P.
Cucullsea Grangeri, Tate.

Ostrea cymbium, var. obliqua,
Lamk.

Ostrea MacCullochi, Sow.

Ostrea arcuata, Lamk.

[Gryphsea vesiculosa, Sow.

Cretaceous.]

Pema infraliassica, Quenst.
Goniomya Sinemuriensis, Oppel.

Lima pectinoides, Sow.

Lima succincta, Schlotk.

Lima succincta, var. , jun.

Lima Hettangiensis, Terq.

Lima gigantea, Sow.

Lima Terquemi, Tate.

Lima punctata, Sow.

Mytilus rusticus, Terq.

?

Mytilus Hillanus, Sow.

Mytilus minimus, Sow.

Hippodium ponderosum, Sow.
Cypricardia compressa, Terq.
Myoconcha psilonoti, Quenst.
Mytilus Gueuxii, D’Orb.

Nucula navis, Piette.

Leda tenuistriata, Piette.

Ostrea irregularis, Miinst.

*

8

Tate — List of Irish Liassic Fossils.

Ostrea, nov. spec.

Pachyodon concinnus, Sow.
Pachyodon crassins cuius, Sow.
Pachyodon ovalis, Stutch.
Pachyodon hybridus, Sow.

Pachyodon imbricatus, Siutch.

Panopsea? elongata, Rom.

Pecten sublsevis ? Phil.

Pecten subulatus ? Munst.

Pecten textilis ? Munst.

Pecton textorius ? Schloth.

Pecten virguliferus ? Phil.

Pecten Valoniensis, Defr.

Pecten vitreus, Rom.

Pecten calvus, Goldf.

Pecten cingulatus, Goldf.

Pinna cuneata, Phil.

Pinna lanceolata, Sow.

Pinna mitis ? Phil.

Pinna Hertmanni, Ziet.

Plicatula spinosa ? Sow.
Pholodomya longirostris, Schloth.
Pholadomya ventricosa, Goldf.
Pholadomya myacites.

Pullastra ?

Unio Listeri, Sow.

Unio Nilssoni, K. <%° D.

Unio peregrinus ? Phil.

Unio trigonus, Rom.

Unio subsequalis.

Terquemia, arietes, Quenst.
Cardinia concinna, Sow.

Cardinia ovalis, Stutch.

Cardinia Listeri, Sow, var.
hybrida.

Cardinia Listeri, Sow., var.
imbricata.

Anatina longissima, Quenst.

»

Pecten dextilis, Munst.

Pecten textorius, Schloth.
Pecten Valoniensis, Defr.

Pecten lunularis, Rom.

Pinna folium, Y. 6° B.

Pinna Harmanni, Ziet.
Plicatula spinosa, Sow.
Pholodomya Fraasii, Oppel.
Pholadomya glabra, Ag.
Pleuromya liasina, Schiibl
Pleuromya galathea, Ag.

Cardinia Listeri, Sow.

Cardinia ovalis, Stutch.
Unicardium cardioides, Phil.

CLASS BRACHIOPODA.

Lingula Metensis, Terq.
Rhynchonella plicatissima, Qnst.

Waldhemia perforata, Piette.

! Lingula Beanii, Sow.

Terebratula Mantelliana ? Sow.

Terebratula obovata, Sow.

! Terebrata omithocephala, Sow.

CLASS ANNELIDA.

! [Serpula lsevis, Goldf. Serpula filiformis, Sow.

Cretaceous].

CLASS ECHINODERMATA.

! Pentacrinites basaltiformis

? Extracrinus Briareus, Mill.

CATALOGUE ii.

As Enumeration op the Liassio Species in the Ibish Sub-divisions.

Explanations of Abbreviations.

V.C. very common; 6. common; x. not common, or frequency unobserved ; r. rare; V.r. very rare.

List of Species,

Distribution.

Class Reptilia.

Ichthyosaurus sp. (femur, teeth),
Ichthyosaurus (vertebrae),

Class Pices.

Acrodus minimus, Ag

Acrodus Tatei, Moore

Gyrolepis Alberti, Ag

Gyrolepis tenuistriatus, Ag.

Hybodus minor, Ag

Hybodus raricostatus, Ag.. .
Hybodus reticulatus, Ag. . . .
Saurichthys apiealis, Ag. . . .

Class Cephalopoda.
Ammonites angulatus, Schloth .

Ammonites armatus, Sow

Ammonites Birchii, Sow

Ammonites Bucklandi, Sow . . . .
Ammonites Buvgneiri, D’ Orb . .
Ammonites Conybeari, Sow .. ..

Ammonites Johnstoni, Sow

Ammonites MacDonnelli, Portl..
Ammonites margaritatus, Montf.

,, var. coronatus, Quenst
Ammonites Henleyi, Sow

Ammonites planorbis, Sow . . . .
Ammonites Sauzeanus, D’Orb.

Ammonites Turneri, Sow

Ammonites raricostatus, Sow .
Belemnites acutus, Mill.. .. .. .
Belemnites pencillatus, Mill . .

Belemnites praematurus, Tate.. .
Belemnites umbilicatus, Blainv.
Nautilus striatus, Sow

Class Gasteropoda.

Actaeonina avena, Terq

Actaeonina fragilis, Dunk... .

Rhaetic.

Lower Lias.

Midle.

Lias.

Avicula Shales.

White Lias.

A. planorbis Zone.

—

A. angulatus Zone.

A. Bucklandi
Limestones.

Belemnite Shales.

Ballintoy Marls.

r.

X.

c.

c.

c.

X.

j X.

r.

r.

c.

! :::

r*

r.

C.

r.

X.

X.

X.

pc.

X.

c.

V.C.

X.

r.

x. (

I

c.

X.

X.

(

(

<

X.

V.C.

c.

c.

X.

i

r.

c.

X.

X.

C.

*Portrush.

10

Tate— List of Irish Liassic Fossils,

T ABLE — (continued.)

Distribution.

Rhsetic.

Lower Lias.

Midle.

Lias.

List of Species.

i

£

cS

3

O

V

<

o5

eS

3

CD

35

•cl

£

<D

1

.3

•s

o

3

Ta.

<

§

N

m

P

P

1

<

rd m

<Ej

53

p 1

m

'cS

m

<u

I

%

«

M

§

S>>

o

M

Actseonina striata, Piette

X.

... 1

Cerithium gratum, Terq

v.c.

Cerithium Semele, D'Orb

c.

X.

On authority of
Gen. Portlock.

Cerithium percinctum, Portl

...

X.

Cerithium tenuicostatum, Portl

c.

Chemnitzia punctata, nov. spec

v.r.

= Chemnitzia

Chemnitzia Berthaudi, Dumortier. .

...

v.c.

Cryptsenia Brycei, Tate

...

r.

r.

Tylori, Tate.

Cryptsenia expansa?, Sow

r.

Cryptsenia rotellseformis, Dunk.. . .

v.r.

Den tali um Portlocki, nov. spec

Littorina Chapuisi, Terq & Piette...

X.

v.r.

Littorina elegans, Miinst

v.c.

Littorina liassica, Martin

Littorina Strophium, Dumort sp . .

r.

v.r.

Natica Oppelii, Moore

X.

Pleurotomaria similis, Sow

r.

r.

Pleurotomaria Teetaria, nov. spec . .

r.

Phasianella Morencyana, Trq. & Pte.

c.

Pitonillus turbiuatus, Moore. ......

c.

Solarium Thomsoni, nov. spec

r.

Waterloo.

Tornatella inermis, Terq

X.

Tornatella Robinsoni, nov. spec. . . .

v.r.

Trochus Waltoni, Moore

X.

Turitella crassilabrata, Trq. & Pte..

v.r.

Turitella Dunkeri, Terq

r.

= Turbo Bur-

Turbo solarium, Piette ..

X.

Class CONCIIIFBRA.

Anatina longissima, Quenst

X.

1

?

X.

toni, Tate , Gar-
ron Point.

Anatina myacina, nov. spec

v.r

Anatina prsecursor, Quenst

X.

Anomia irregularis, Terq

X.

X.

?'

Anomia pellucida, Terq

X.

X.

Anomia striatula, Op

X.

Area pulla, Terq

X.

= Astarte den-

tilabrum,

Etheridge.

Astarte Gueuxii, D'Orb

X.

?

X.?

Astarte cingulata, Terq

X.

1

Astarte Oppelii, Andler

X.

=A Saulensis,

Axinopsis Ewaldi, Bornem

X.

X.

T. & P., Coll.
Geo. Survey,
Ireland.

= Axinus cloa-

Axinopsis concentricus, Moore

X.

cinus, Quenst.

Avicula acuticosta, Terq & Piette . .

X.

...

1

Tate — List of Irish Liassic Fossils.

ii

T ABLE— (continued.)

List of Species,

Avicula contorta, Portl.
Avicula Dunkeri, Terq. .
Avicula fallax,

Avicula novemcostse, Brown .

Avicula Pattersoni, nov. spec..,

Avicula papyria, Querist

Cardium Philippian um, Dunk.
Cardium Rhseticum, Merian. . .

Cardinia amygdala, Terq

Cardinia Deshayesi, Terq

Cardinia cyprina, Ag

Cardinia concinna, Sow

Cardinia Listeri, Sow

Cardinia Listeri, var. hybrida .

Cardinia ovalis, Stutch

Cardita Heberti, Terq

Cardita multicostata, Phil. . . .
Ceromya gibbosa, Etheridge . .

Cypricardia compressa, Terq. .
Cypricardia laevigata, Terq. . . .
Cypricardia tetragona, Terq. .
Cypricardia cucullata, Gold/. .
Cu cull sea Grangeri, nov. spec. .
Cucullsea Hettangiensis. Terq .

Cucullsea oxynoti, Quenst.
Gervillia acuminata, Terq.

Distribution.

l^bsetic.

Lower Lias.

Midle.

Lias.

Goniomya Sinemuriensis, Op. . . .
Hippopodium ponderosum, Sow .

Hinnites angularis, nov. spec —

Leda Bronni, Andler

Leda Dewalquei, Terq & Piette

Leda Quenstedti, nov. spec

Leda Renevieri, Oppel

Leda v-scripta, nov. spec

Leda tenuistriata, Piette

Lima gigantea, Sow

Lima Hettangiensis, Terq

Lima pectinoides, Sow

Lima prsecursor, Quenst

Lima punctata, Sow

Lima succincta, Ziet

Lima Terquemi, Tate

Lima Yaloniensis, Def.

j

c5

a5

m

m

<D

§

c

o

N

*8 aS ;

a «
a

■3

1

2

00

CD

m

i

CO

CD

• fH

a

rS |

1-3

o

g

&D

ol

3 03

PI

a

0

1

J 1
^ 1

s

£

u

9

<

oq a

©

n

X.

‘

...

X.

X.

X.

... i.

...

X*

9

X.

X.

c. «
(

H j

X.

X.

...

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

r.

r.

X.

v.r.

X.

v.c.

c.

r.

X.

X.

X.

X.

c.

r.

X*

f

■c.

v.r.

X.

v.r.

9

X.

X.

r.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

v.r.

X.

'?

X.

v.c.

X.

X.

X*

v.c.

X.

X.

X.

c.

X*

X.

c.

X.

Area

Lycetti, Moore

Avicula lan-
ceolata, Sow.

Col. Geol. Sur-
vey of Ireland.

Island Magee.
*Portrush.

*Portrush.

= Lima exal-
tata, Terq.

Col. Geol. Sur-
vey of Ireland.

12

Tate— List of Irish Liassic Fossils.

Table— (continued,)

Distribution.

Rhsetic.

Lower Lias.

]V

]

List of Species,

Avicula Shales.

White Lias.

A.planorbis Zone

A.angulatus Zone.

A. Bucklandi
Limestones.

Belemnite Shales.

Limea acuticosta, Goldf.

Myoconcha oxynoti, Querist

X.

Myoconcha psilonoti, Querist

X.

Mytilus glabratus. Dunk

X.

Mytilus Hillanus, Sow

X.

Mytilus laevis, Sow

c.

Mytilus minimus, Sow

X.

X.

X.

Mytilus minutus, Goldf.

X.

X.

'?

Mytilus Gueuxii, D’Orb

X.

X.

Mytilus lamellosus, Terq

X.

Mytilus rusticus ? Terq

v.r.

X.

Mytilus subtilis, nov. spec

Lucina limbata ? Terq. & P

X.

X.

X.

Myophora Emmerichi,

X.

Nucula navis, Piette

X.

v.c.

Ostrea arcuata, Lamk

r.

Ostrea MacCullochi, Sow

X.

X.

Ostrea cymbium, var. obliqua, Sow.

x«

Ostrea irregularis, Miinst

X.

X,

X.

X.

Pecten acutiradiatus, Ziet

Pecten lunularis, Rom

X.

X.

Pecten liasinus, Nyst

Pecten punctatissimus, Querist

X.

Pecten textorius, Goldf.

X.

Pecten texturatus, Goldf

c.

Pecten Valoniensis, Defr

X.

Pecten dextilis, Rom

X*

X.

Perna infraliasina, Querist

X.

X.

Pinna folium, Y. & B

X.

Pinna Hartmanni, Miinst

X.

? r.

Plicatula Deslongchampsi, Terq.. . .
Plicatula Hettangiensis, Terq

v.r.

'?

X.

Plicatula intusstriata, Emmer

X.

?

X.

Plicatula spinosa, Sow

X.

Plicatula sarcinula, Miinst

X.

Pleuromya galatea, Ag

X.

Pleuromya liasina, Schubl

'?

X.

Pleuromya striatula, Ag

X.

X.

Pleuromya crassa, Ag

X.

Pholadomya glabra, Ag

X.

X.

?

X.

Pholadomya Fraasii, Oppel .

X.

Pholadomya ventricosa, Ag

r.

Terquemia arietes, Querist

X.

•

X.

Thracia sequata, nov. spec.

v.r.

c.

Unicardium cardioides, Phil

X.

c.

:

Class Brachiopoda.

Discina Holdeni Tcite

X.

Lingula Metensis, Terq

Rhynchonella acuta, Sow

X.

'?

X.

Garron Point,

Island Magee.

= Pecten
Hehlli, D’Orb.

Glenarm, &c.

*Portrush.

?= Pinna semi-
costata, T.&iP.

Waterloo.

Waterloo.

Tate — List of Irish Liassic Fossils.

13

Table — continued.)

Distribution.

Rhsetic.

Lower Lias.

]

Midle.

Lias.

List of Species,

I

£

c3

.SJ

m

0

T

<

White Lias.

A.planorbis.

§

0

N

05

P

1|

13

bdD

§

<i

A. Bucklandi
Limestones.

Belemnite Shales.

Ballintoy Marls.

Rhynchonella plicatissima, Quenst..
Rhynchonella variabilis, Schloth . . .

V; 1

•• I

1

r.

r.

r.

r.

Waldheimia numismalis, LamTc —

X.

O

X.

Waldheimia perforata, Piette

:

Class Crustacea.

Eryma? sp

Cythere liassica, Brodie

X.

X.

X.

X.

c.

Pollicipes alatus, nov. spec

Class Annelida.

X.

X.

Serpula capitata, Phil

"

Waterloo.

Serpula globiceps, Querist

Serpula olifex, Quenst

X.

Serpula social is, Goldf.

c.

Class Echinodermata.

v.c.

Cidaris Edwardsii, Wright

V.C.

Pentacrinus scalaris, Goldf.

Q.

Pentacrinus sp

X.

Extracrinus Briareus, Mill

Island Magee.

Ophioglypha Gaveyi ? Wr

X.

v.r.

Larne, Geo.

Ophioglypha sp

Survey.

Hemipedina Bechei, Wr

1

?

X.

X.

Class ZOANTHARIA.
Montlivaltia Haimei, Chap. & Dew.

X.

X,

X,

Island Magee.

Montlivaltia Hibernica, Duncan —

v.r.

Island Magee.
Garron Point.

Montlivaltia papillata, Duncan

v.r.

Montlivaltia polymorpha, Tq. & Pte.

X.

.-.

Coll. Geo. Sur-

Montlivaltia mucronata, Duncan .

vey of Ireland.

Oppelismilia gemmans, Duncan.. . .

v.r.

Waterloo.
Island Magee.

Septastraea Fromenteli, T. & P. ...

r*

Class Foranimifera.

X.

Dentalina obliqua,

Plantae.

X.

Fucoides sp

Known,

24

11

22

118

21

44

16

Inferred, . . . ,

2

2

O

12

| 24

1 13

24

120

33

! 44

16

Total, 189.

PALAEONTOLOGICAL NOTJES

AND

DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES.

1. Belemnites prcematurus, Tate, Geological Magazine, Vol. vi., p.

1 66 (1869).

Description. — Guard slightly sub-hastate, terminating in an acute central
point, contracted in all regions about the alveolar apex, and tapering very
gradually to the point. On the lateral faces of the anterior part of the guard
there are two distinct furrows, which extend to about the middle part. Axis
apparently straight. Phragmacone in its transverse section sub-oblong, the
dorso-ventral diameter being the longer. Extreme length -35 inch ; length of
axis, so far as traceable, ’ll inch.

Geological Position. — Zone of “ Ammonites angu-
latus ,” Lower Lias, Island Magee, Co. Antrim (2 Speci-
mens ; P.T.)

Remarks. — The only other Belemnites in the Lower
Lias of Ireland are B. acutus , and B. pencillatus, which

occur in the marls at Ballintoy, at a much higher horizon

. J ’ a. Outline, nat. size,

than the shelly limestones whence B. prcematurus has been b. Enlarged.

obtained. Naturally the question arises, may not this form be the young state
of one or other of these species ? The presence of lateral furrows in B. prce-
maturus precludes such a relationship. The affinity to B. clavatus , Bl., is
more obvious, but it has not the elegant fusiform outline of the young of that
species. Professor Phillips (Geol. Mag. Vol. vi., p. 239) remarks, that B.
prcematurus must certainly be distinguished from every variety of B. clavatus,
and may prove to be closely allied to B. pencillatus, which is by no means
always deprived of lateral furrows.

B. prcematurus was published by me as the oldest-known British Belemnite,
but Mr. C. Moore had obtained a very small conical specimen from beds im-
mediately above those which yield Ostrea liassica ; and the Rev. P. B. Brodie
“a mere fragment from the insect beds (‘A. planorbiP zone,) at Bruton.”
Neither of these older specimens have received specific names.

2. Ammonites MacDonnelli, Portlock, Geol. Surv. Derry, p. 134 (1843).

Appears a good species ; it has the general form of A. planorbis, with
a thin prominent keel, and distant, faint, sigmoidal ribs on the outer whorl, in

Tate— List of Irish Liassic Fossils. 15

the centre whorls the ribs are distinct, numerous, close, sharp and having only
a slight sigmoidal bend. The species is peculiar to the Irish Lias.

3. Cerithium tenuicostatum, Portlock sp., Plate I. fig. 8.

Turrit ell a (Cerithium ) tenuicostata, Portlock, Geol. of Derry, p. 124(1843).

This species was described by Poitlock, in the following words : Whorls

convex ; spiral threads of two sizes; three strong on the lower half of the whorl,
and one fine below them. On the upper half there are four or five fine threads,
which are very close together ; whilst the strong threads of the lower half are sepa-
rated by a considerable space. The fine threads are in like manner separated
from the strong, by a space equal to the separating space of these lines. All
these spiral threads are crenulated by numerous very fine-curved longitudinal
threads, of which there must be more than soon a whorl. Very minute, 6
whorls in -25 of an inch.”

C. tenuicostatum is a very variable species ; when the medial longitudinal
ribs are prominent, the whorls are bicarinated, as shown in fig 8, (*) which re-
presents an extreme form; whilst on the other hand, as the threads assume less
prominence, the whorls become proportionately more regularly convex. It
agrees in all its characters, except that of size, with C. Semele, D’Orb., with
which it is associated, and should further examination prove that C. tenui-
costatum is only a depauperated condition of C. Semele , then Portlock s name
has priority of publication.

4. Cerithium percinctum, Portlock ( Turritella), loc. cit., p. 123.

“ Very minute, eight whorls in '25 of an inch. Of the raised spiral lines, one
along the centre of the whorl is more elevated than the others, and another
below is nearly as much so — a finer line being between; which produces the
appearance of a band. Above the stronger fine there are three or four finer,
though still well-marked lines; and below it also three or four, including the
second stronger line.”

I have not met with any shell that agrees with the above description, and
the type appears to have been lost. But that no mention is made of transverse
strise, and indeed it must be conceded that none are present, because com-
pared by Portlock, with T. minuta, K. & D., and T. cingenda, , Sow., in which
no transverse striae occur, I should be disposed to regard this species as the
bicarinated form of C. tenuicostatum.

5. Chemnitzia punctata, nov. spec., Plate I. fig. n.

Shell conical, whorls about six, sub-inflated, with numerous narrow de-
pressed longitudinal costatulae, with about equally broad slightly impressed
sulci, which are regularly pitted ; the punctuations are ranked transversely by

* The transverse ribs are much finer and more numerous than shown in the figure ; and
the whorls should have been more markedly bicarinated. (r. t.)

f 6

Tate — List of Irish Liassic Fossils,

faint concentric striae. The aperture is not exposed ; but I have no hesitation
in referring the shell to the genus Chemnitzia.

Geological Position — Zone of “A. angulatus,” Island Magee, Co. Antrim
(S. A. Stewart ),

6. Chemnitzia Berthaudi, Dumortier, Etudes Pal. sur les Depots

Jurassiques du Bassin du Rhone, p. I74> tab. xiv, fig. 2, .1867.

Chemnitzia Tylori , Tate, Quart. Jour, Geol. Soc., Vol. xx, p. 3 1 3 (1867)-

Shell turreted, elongated, consisting of ten whorls separated by a deep
suture, concave, and ornamented by about twenty very prominent curved
smooth ribs ; the sulci faintly striated ; base slightly carinated, smooth or faintly
radiated. Total length 3 inch, breadth of last whorl -07 inch.

Affinities and Differences. — By its ornamentation closely allied to C. costifera,
Piette, and Cerithium Henrici , Martin, but differs from the former apparently
in the proportion of its dimensions, and in the less arched outline of the costae ;
and from the latter in being only about half the length of that shell, which is pro-
vided with only eight whorls. I have no hesitation in referring the shell I had
described as C. Tylori to C. Berthaudi , Dumortier, which has priority by some-
months.

Geological Position. — C. Berthaudi vs, a common shell in the zone of “ A.
angulatus” Island Magee, Co. Antrim. The type of the species is unique,
and was obtained from the zone of “A. Bucklandi ” at Peronne, Rhone.

7. Solarium Thomsoni, now spec ., Plate I. fig. 9,

Shell orbicular, a little wider than high, spire slightly raised, composed of
lour whorls, smooth, or ornamented with about 6 raised lines ; last whorl
rounded, smooth ; aperture quadrate ; base flat, with fine strice of growth
umbilicus narrow and slightly crenulated on its border. Height, ‘075 inch \
diameter, ‘085 inch.

Remarks. —S. Thomsoni is allied to S, lenticular e , Terq., but differs in its
more embracing whorls and Rotella-like appearance, in its smaller umbilicus,
and its more conical form.

Geological Position—. Zone of “ A. angulatus , ” Glenarm ; (rare, R. T).

The species is dedicated to Professor Wyville Thomson, F. R. S-., President
of the Natural History Society, Belfast.

8. Crypt^enia Brycei. Tate, Quart. Jour. GeoL Soc., Vol, xxiii., p,

413 (1867). Plate I. fig. 13.

Shell subdiscoid, depressed ; test thin, whorls four, nearly flat or slightly
concave ; bluntly carinated ; upper surface of the whorls transversely striated ;
base convex, smooth ; callosity large, circumscribed by a sulcus, slightly exca-
vated near the columella lip ; siphonal band narrow, rather above than below
the keel ; aperture, sub-triangular.

Tate — List of Irish Liassic Fossils.

7

Remarks.— C. Brycei is somewhat intermediate between C. caepa , Desk,
and C. expansa, Sow. ; it is related to the latter by the concave and carinated
whorls, by the band being above the keel, and by the large callus, but differs
in its more regularly conoidal form, without the ventricosity of the under sur-
face, and by the absence of the raised border to the posterior suture.

Geological Position— Zone of “A. angulatus ,” Island Magee; (rare,
Gray dr5 Tate) ; Garron Point, Co. Antrim ( R. T).

9. Tornatella Robinsoni, nov. spec., Plate I. fig. 7.

Shell ovate-oblong ; spire produced, apex acute ; whorls scalariform, a
little obtuse, and with an elevated margin ; the whole surface ornamented with
fine longitudinal striae, whilst from the posterior suture fine curved lines pro-
ceed to a little beyond the shoulder of the whorl ; aperture ovate, acute ;
columella with a single plait.

Geological Position. — Zone of ‘ 1 Belemnites acutus , Ballintoy ; very rare
(Coll. Belfast Museum).

Dedicated to Mr. Hugh Robinson, one of the energetic Secretaries of the
Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club.

10. Dentalium Portlocki, nov. spec., Plate I. fig. 15.

1843 Dentalium tenue, Portlock. loc. cit., p. 118 (non Goldfuss, 1841).

1856 Dentalium Andleri, Oppel, Die Juraformation, p. 93 (probably).

1863 Dentalium minimum, pars, Tate, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc.,
Vol. xx., p. 3.

1867 Dentalium tenue, Tate, id., Vol. xx., p. 31 1.

Remarks. — In 1863, I referred D. tenue, of Portlock, to D. minimum,
Strickland, as I then considered the two names synonymous, adopting the latter,
because the specific name applied by Portlock was pre-occupied by a Dentalium
described by Munster, to which species his shell is not referable ; at a later
period I regarded them as distinct, and erroneously gave priority to Portlock’s
employment of the specific name. In giving the above denomination to the
species described by Portlock, I wish to commemorate the labours of that
geologist. The original diagnosis is as follows : — “ The longest ‘4 of an inch,
is about -04 of an inch in diameter at the largest end, and tapers to a fine
point ; it is very slightly curved.” D. Andleri, Oppel, is probably a synonym
to D. Portlocki ; the only character given is, that it is small— “die kleine
species but, assuming that the two names refer to the same species, the im-
perfect diagnosis of Oppel justifies me in discarding his name.

11. Pleurotomaria Tectaria, nov. spec.

Shell turbinated conical, scalariform, spire acute ; whorls six, subquadrate,
last whorl with two prominent carinse, separated by a slightly concave area ;
surface of whorls strongly longitudinally striated, upper part of each whorl

3

Tate— List of Irish Liassic Fossils.

i8

cancellated by very fine oblique striae. Siphonal band very narrow, occupying
a slight depression on the upper carina, ornamented with three longitudinal
striae. Base imperforate, concentrically striated ; aperture subquadrangular.

Dimensions.— Total length, -9 inch ; breadth of last whorl, ’6 inch ; height
of last whorl, -4 inch.

P. Tectaria cannot be confounded with any Liassic species of the genus,
though related to P. subtilis , Deslong. It resembles in figure, several Palaeozoic
forms, and especially P. tornatilis , Phil., from the Carboniferous Limestone.

Geological Position. — Zone of A. angulatus , between Garron Point and
Red Bay, two examples fi?. T. ) ; Island Magee, one example (S. A. Stewart).

12. — Hinnites angularis, nov. spec., Plate I. fig. 2.

Shell inequivale, subinaequilateral, thick, left valve convex, transversely
oblong; umbo subacute, not extending beyond the hinge line, which is moderately
arched; ornamented with crowded radiating ribs, unequal, obtuse, the surface
of which is raised into spinous squamae, and alternating irregularly with smaller
and similarly ornamented costae; costae of umbonal region without spinous
nodulations. Five or six of the radiating costae are much stronger than the
others, and somewhat regularly disposed, giving a polygonal outline to the
valve. Ears ornamented as the rest of the shell. Right valve ornamented
as the other valve. Breadth 2-5 inches, length 2 inches.

H. angularis agrees with Lima nodulosa, Terq., in the radiating spiniferous
ribs, alternately large and small; but differs in the absence of rugous, serrated
concentric stria, and in its greater gibbosity, oblong figure, inequivalve character,
and by the polygonal outline given to it by the larger ribs.

Geological Position.— Zone of “A. angulatus,” Island. Magee, two ex-
amples {R. T.); lowest beds of Lower Lias, Laleston, S. Wales. {P. Etheridge ),
Coll. Brit. Museum.

13. — Avicula Pattersoni, nov. spec., Plate I. fig. 10.

Shell dfepressed, ovate, transverse, slightly oblique, concentrically striated;
anterior margin arched, and superiorly sinuated; hinge line straight; anterior
wing very short, acute; posterior wing elongated, acuminated, excavated behind.

A. Pattersoni has a general resemblance to Gervillia crenatula, Quenst.,
which the author states distinctly to possess cardinal pits, and as the type
specimen of this species displays a single extended cartilage pit, it cannot be
referred to that genus. It has much analogy with A . Deshay esi, Terqm., but
is much less oblique, has a smaller anterior wing, and an acute umbo, not being
so concave a shell as that species. This species was referred by Portlock to
A. Goldfussi. Several specimens from Craig and Gortmore form part of the
Portlockian collection. The figured specimen I obtained from the Zone of
11 A. angulatus” at Island Magee.

The species is dedicated to my kind friend Robert Patterson, Esq., F.R.S.

Tate — List of Irish Liassic Fossils.

19

14. — Lbda v-scripta, nov. spec., Plate I. fig. 5.

Shell elliptical; anterior portion rounded, ventricose; posterior elongated,
rostrated; ventral margin strongly arched; medial portion of shell ornamented
by plications en chevron; the rostral and anterior extremities with oblique plaits.

Geological Position. — Zone of “A. angulatus ” Waterloo, Lame. Very
rare; {R. T.)

15. — Leda Bronni, Andler , Neues Jarbuch f. Min., p. 642(1858). See Plate

I. fig. 1.

Nucula palmce , Quenstedt, Jura, t. 13, fig. 42, p. 116, non t. 23, figs.
16.-17., t. 44., fig. 8. (1858).

This species resembles L. subovalis of the Middle Lias, from which it is
especially distinguished, as pointed out by Andler, in the greater gibbosity of
the umbonal region. It is common in the Zone of “ Belemnites acutus ” at
Ballintoy, and occurs in the inferior zones. I have recorded it in England
from the Zone of “ Ammonites Angulatus ” at Marton, Lincolnshire.

16. — Leda Quenstedti, nov. spec., Plate I. fig. 4.

Nuaila inflexa, Quenst., Jura, t. xiii., fig. 41, p. no (1858).

This species has been confounded by Quenstedt with L. galathea, d’Orbigny,
a moderately common shell in the Middle Lias of England, France, and
Germany, from which it is distinguished by its more robust and less inequi-
lateral form, and -in the abruptly truncated posterior extremity.

Geological Position — Zones of il A. planorbis' ” Garron Point, and (< A.
angulatus ,” Island Magee, Co. Antrim {R.T.); Upper part Lower Lias,
Ballintoy, Co. Antrim [P. T.) ; and Ofterdingen, Wurtemburg {Quenstedt.)

17. Leda Renevieri, Oppel , Die Juraf., p. 95 (1857). See Plate I. fig 3.

Nucula complanata, Quenstedt, Jura, t. 13, fig. 39 ; p. no (1858).

The shell represented by fig 3, differs in a few particulars from the
ordinary form of Z. tenuistriata, Piette, but may be a young state of that species.
Quenstedt’s figure, which I have referred to, evidently represents the same
species, which may be the one described by Oppel, in the following terms :
Resembles Z. complanata , Goldfuss, but does not attain the same size, and
the anterior prolongation is shorter.”

Geological Position. — Zone of “ A. Bucklandi, ” Glynn, near Larne (P. T. )
Recorded by Oppel in the Zone of “A. angulatus” and by Quenstedt, from
the upper part of the Lower Lias in Swabia.

18. CUCULL;£A Grangeri, nov. spec., Plate I. fig. 12.

Cucullcea cucullata, Portlock, Geol. Survey of Derry, p. 120.

Shell ovate-rhomboidal, ventricose, rounded in front, and obliquely trun-
cated behind, bluntly keeled from the umbo to the posterior angle ; umbones

20

Tate — List of Irish Liassic Fossils.

submedial, prominent, broad, high, and incurved. Ornamented with concentric
striae, varying in the degree of fineness ; and radiating striae, which are very
fine, not distinctly visible without the aid of a magnifier, excepting on the an-
terior concave area. The striae merge into impressed circular spaces on the
superior margin of the transverse striae, so that the surface, when viewed in
certain positions, appears to be regularly punctated. Length, ’35 mch ;
breadth, *5.

This species is not comparable with any of the Liassic Arcidce', its peculiai
ornamentation separates it from C. cucullata, Goldfuss.

Geological Position— Upper part of Lower Lias, Ballintoy, Co. Antrim
( Portlock , R. 7, &>c.), where it is very abundant.

Dedicated to my esteemed friend the Rev. John Grainger, A.M., the
first President of the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club.

19. Mytilus subtilis, nov. spec., Plate I. fig. 14-

Shell elongated, reniform, concentrically plicated and ornamented with
closely-set radiating incised lines, which are visible only with the aid of a
magnifier ; dorsal margin curved ; ventral margin sinuated ; umbones approxi-
mately terminal, prominent, small, incurved.

Geologial Position. — Lowermost beds of the Lower Lias, Cave Hill,
Belfast ; very rare ( S. A. Stewart). This species has the general form of M.
nitidulus, Dunker, but is more cuneiform than that species, which does not
possess the radial ornamentation.

20. Myoconcha oxynoti, Quenstedt, Jura, t. 13, fig. 34.

A single valve of a narrow cylindrical Myoconcha , forming part of the col-
lection in the Belfast Museum, displays the internal characters, but as the ex-
terior is unobservable, the shell cannot satisfactorily be referred to any species.
Terquem describes a small species from the Lower Lias, and Quenstedt figures
the internal cast of another form from the same formation, under the denomina-
tion of M. oxynoti.

The test of the Ballintoy specimen is very thin, and from the interior sur-
face it is judged that the exterior is marked with concentric corrugations and
fine lines of growths. The apparent absence of radiating lines removes it from
M. inclusa, Terquem, and, as it agrees in shape with M. oxynoti, Quenstedt,
I refer it to that problematical species.

Breadth, 1-4 inch ; length, *3 inch ; thickness, -i inch.

Geological Position. — Zone of “ Belemniies acutus ,” Ballintoy.

21. Myoconcha psilonoti, Quenstedt, Jura, t. 4, fig. 15 (1858).

? Myoconcha scabra, Terquem & Piette, Pal. de l’Est de France ; t. 9,
figs. 4-6 (1865).

? Myoconcha scalprum, et M. spaUda (pars) D’Orbigny, Prodromus,
Vol. I, p. 218 (1850).

Tate— List of Irish Liassic Fossils.

21

1 have no hesitation in referring the specimens named by D’ Orbigny as
above, and which I have examined, to M scabra of Terquem & Piette, which
I suspect is only the adult state of M. psilonoh. However, the Antrim shell
agrees better with the latter. The species was known to Portloclc, in whose
collection it is labelled Modiola , now. spec.

22. Astarte Gueuxii, iy Orbigny, Prodromus, Vol. I. p. 216 (1850).

A. consobrina , Chapuis & Dewalque, Foss. du. Luxembourg, t. 22,
fig- 3> P- 49 (*853)-

A. complanata, et A. psilonoti , Quenstedt, Jura, t. 3> fig- I4 (i858)*

A. deniUabmm , Etheridge, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., Vol. xx., p.
113(1863).

This common Astarte I have compared with the type specimens of A.
Gueuxii , to which I unhesitatingly refer it. M. Terquem has named specimens
of A. dentilabrum, which I sent him, A. consobrina ; so that the synonymic
terms may be considered well-established. Though D Orbigny s name has
priority of publication, it has not been generally accepted, because of the sup-
posed incompleteness of the description, which runs thus : “ Species allied to

A. subtetragona , Romer, but less carinated, less compressed, and costulated
only in the young state. ”

Short as this diagnosis is, yet it is sufficient to its identification, and, conse-
quently, the specific name A. Gueuxii should be used. A. Eryx, of the same
author, is only a variety of this protean species ; and A. dentilabrum , Etheridge,
is founded on an aged form of the same species. The original description of
A. dentilabrum is as follows Shell massive, ovate, and deep. Postero-
dorsal surface rounded, posterior end slightly truncate, about the position of
the annal adductor to the ventral margin ; anterior margin acutely rounded.
Umbones small, indistinct, subcentral, slightly curved anteriorly. Lunule
slightly excavated, small, oval, and attenuated, occupying half the area between
the umbo and the commencement of the antero- ventral margin. Boidei angu-
lar ; costse concentrically arranged, and coincident with the contour of the shell.
Ventral margin strongly denticulate. The whole of the teeth are inclined in-
wards, giving the edge of the shell a bevilled appearance a marked feature
in the shell.”

23. Pholadomya Fraasii, Oppel , Juraformation, p. 95.

The specific name here adopted was given by Oppel to a shell from the
Lower Lias, agreeing in form with P. ambigua , Ziet. , {P. glabra , Ag. ), but
possessing from 9 to 12 rather strong ribs, coarsely wrinkled concentrically.
Quenstedt has described the same species in much the same words with the
name P. prima, which, by the way, is a misnomer, inasmuch as the genus
dates farther back than the Lower Lias, and other species besides occur in the
lowest beds of the Lias.

22

Tate — List of Irish Liassic Fossils.

24. Ceromya gibbosa, Etheridge , Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., Vol. xx., p. 112,

figs. 3-4 (1863).

Isocar dia Elea, D’Orbigny, Prodromus, Vol. 1., p. 218 (1850).

s.‘ Shell ventricose, deep, especially at the umbonal region. Umbones small,
sub-central, slightly curved or involute, leaving a wide and exposed lunular
region, strongly marked by concentric ridges of growth. Anterior side pro-
duced, rounded and gaping. Posterior side attenuated, slightly truncate.
Ventral margin much produced, giving the shell a nearly circular appearance.
Height, 1 7 inch; depth, 1*3 inch; length, 2‘i inches.” — Etheridge.

The specific identity of C. gibbosa, Etheridge, with Isocardia Elea , d’Orbigny,
results from a comparison of the type specimens ; the diagnosis of the latter is
so imperfect as to claim no consideration from palaeontologists. It is as follows:
— “ Grosse espece bombee, triangulaire lisse, a crochets contoumes.”

Geological Position. — Zone of “A. angulatus,” Island Magee, Co.
Antrim; not rare ( Gray, Tate); Cotham, Bristol ! (Napier); “ A . Bucklandi ”
Zone, Lyme Regis ! (Coll. Geol. Soc.) ; Lower Lias, Langres, Haute-Mame !
( D' Orbigny. )

25. Thracia ^equata, nov. spec.

Shell transversely oval, ventricose ; umbones medial, obtuse ; hinge line
angulated ; anterior extremity rounded ; posterior extremity moderately ob-
liquely truncated ; a very faint keel proceeds from the umbo to the postero-
ventral margin, ornamented with furrows and close set fine striae^ coincident
with the ventral margin, which is arched. Breadth, '55 inch ; length, ‘4 inch;
thickness, '25 inch.

It has much the shape of T. lata, Munster, from which it is distinguished
especially by its ventricosity and curved front margin.

The genus Thracia has not yet been catalogued from English strata,
older than the Inferior Oolite, and, indeed, if Myacites ?nactroides , Schlo-
theim, of the Lias, be not a Thracia, then the genus has till now been
unknown below the Middle Lias. T. rugosa, Dunker, a Lower Lias shell,
is considered to be a Pleuromya , and has been re-described as such under
the name of P. Dunkeri, by Terquem, so that T. cequata is, at the present
time, the oldest British example, if not the oldest-known species of the
genus. I take this opportunity to announce the discovery, by Mr. E.
Welford, of T. glabra, Agassiz, in the Upper Lias Clay at Eydon, where it
was found associated with Leda ovum, Inoceramus dubius, and other species,
which serve to fix its stratigraphical position in the Zone of “ Ammonites
communis. ”

Geological Position. — Zone of “A. angulatus, ” Waterloo, Larne. Speci.
men unique. ( R . T. )

26. Anatina myacina, nov. spec.. Plate I. fig. 16.

Shell oblong, elliptical, umbones sub-central, small, ventricose, recurved

Tate — List of Irish Liassic Fossils.

23

posteriorly ; anterior margin rounded, posterior produced, obliquely ? trun-
cated (the posterior margin is represented in the figure as complete ; the shell
is imperfect in this region).

An obtuse, ill-defined keel proceeds from the umbo to the lower posterior
angle, another to the upper posterior angle, enclosing a broad, deeply-impressed
lunular area. Marked by concentric plications and fine stride, and close-set
radiating granular lines. Length, 75 inch; breadth, 1 '5 inch ; thickness,

•5 inch.

Geological Position. — Zone of “A. angulatus ,” Island Magee, Co. Antrim.

27. Discina Holdeni, Tate , Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., Vol. xxiii., p. 314
(1867). id. Geol. Mag., Vol. vi., p. 6 (1869).

Discina sp., Terquem and Piette. Lias Inf. de l’Est de France ; t. xiv.,
figs. 33-34, P- 1 13 (1865).

Shell small, regularly conical, base orbicular, the length and breadth in
the proportion of about 5 to 4 » summit central ; test concentrically striated ;
colour, black to brownish-black ; yellowish-brown in the young shell. Dimen-
sions of an averaged sized specimen : — Diameters, 4*5 and 3*6 millimetres ;

height, 2*3 millimetres.

D. Holdeni is distinguished from the other Liassic species of the genus by
its regularly conical form and central apex ; and from D. reflexa, , Sowerby,
with which it has been confounded by the latter character.

Geological Position— Ranges from the Zone of “Ammonites angulatus ”
to that of “ Ammonites Ibex in England, and throughout the Lower Lias in
the East of France.

28. Pollicipes ALATUS, norv. spec. Plate I. fig. 6.

The single scutal plate here figured is the one to which Mr. Etheridge
(Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., Vol. xx., p. 114, 1863) applied the M.S. name of F.
liassicus ; but, as another species was described by Dunker with a similar
denomination, P.liasinus, it appears to me advisable not to adopt Mr. Etheridge’s
provisional name. I, therefore, have selected that of P. alatus.

Scutum triangular, flat, apex acute with a lateral wing-like extension upon
the oceludent side ; basal margin outwardly curved ; the tergal margin inflated.
Exterior surface marked with regular raised lines coincident with the basal
margin, and which are prolonged on the wing-like projection, and on the
enrolled tergal margin.

Geological Position. — Zone of “A. angulatus , Island Magee, Co. Antrim.
Specimen unique. [P. T. )

24

Tate— List of Irish Llassic Fossils.

The following diagnoses of new species of Corals , type specimens of
which were obtained from the Lower Lias in County Antrim , are
extracted from Dr. Duncan! s Monograph of British Fossil Corals.
Pal. Soc., Vol. xx., 1868.

Oppelismilia, Duncan, loc. cit., p. 39.

Corallum simple, attached and conical ; epitheca well-marked, and reaches
to the calicular margin. Calice shallow, and the septa numerous and close.
There are no costse, and there is no columella. Gemmation occurs within
the calice; and the bud, which has an epitheca, grows with the parent.

The genus includes MontivalticB with calicular gemmation.

29. Oppelismiilia gemmans, Duncan , loc. cit., t. x, figs. 33-34, p. 39-
Corallum short, with a broad and flat calice, an oval space at the base, where

it was once adherent ; a strong epitheca with circular markings, and there are
no costse. Calice flat and shallow, and its margin is sharp. The septa are
very numerous and unequal. The bud on the calice has an epitheca, and its
septa are faintly dentate.

Height of the corallum, 5-ioths inch ; width of the calice, 9-ioths inch.
Locality — Waterloo, Larne. {R- T.)

30. Montlivaltia Hibernica, Duncan, loc. cit., t. x, figs. 22-23, p. 39.
Corallum discoidal, base flat ; calice convex. Epitheca of the base strongly

marked concentrically. Septa numerous, close, unequal, and marked by small
papillse, which are very close together, and by flat eminences which are also very
close together. There appear to be nearly five cycles of septa, and the largest
septa are papillose. Diameter, 4-ioths inch ; height of corallum, i-ioths inch.
Locality. — West shore of Island Magee. (R. T.)

31. Montlivaltia papillata, Duncan, loc. cit., t. x., figs. 15-18, p. 36.
Corallum cyclolitoid in shape, base slightly concave ; calice convex, with a

circular depression in the centre. Epitheca of the base reaching to the cali-
cular margin ; it is very thin, and marked with concentrical shallow depressions
and elevations, and the costse are seen through it faintly. The calice is nearly
circular. The septa are exsert, and the larger have very large dentations or
papillse on them. There are 24 septa, which reach the margin of the columel-
lary space, and they are strongly papillated. Between two of the longest
septa there are three others, one, the central, is longer than the others, which
are almost rudimentary ; all are papillate.

Diameter— 1 o- 1 2ths inch ; height of corallum, 2-ioths inch.

Locality — W est shore of Island Magee ( R.T '.) ; it occurs, also, at Marton
near Gainsborough, on the same horizon ; associated with M. Haimei, Chap.
& Dew., and Septastrcea Fromenteli, Terq. & Piette, as in the Irish locality.

11 h£B 1886

XPLANATION OF

LATE,

i.—Leda Bronni : End view and side view, natural size.

2- — Hinnites angular is : Natural size.

3- — Leda Renevieri : Slightly enlarged.

4- — Leda Quenstedti : Natural size.

5. — Leda v-scripta : Natural size, and enlarged.

6. Polhcipes alatus : Interior and exterior faces of a scutal

plate, natural size.

7. — Tornatella Robinsoni : Slightly enlarged, and magnified

view of upper part of body whorl.

8. — Cerithium tenuicostatum: Left hand figure, enlarged about

two diameters ; right hand figure, magnified view of
one whorl.

9 . —Solarium Thorns oni : Natural size, and three enlarged

views.

10. — Amcula P after soni : Natural size.

n.—Chemnitzia punctata : Natural size, and magnified view
of a portion of the test.

1 z.—Cucullaa Grangeri: Enlarged about one and a-half
diameters.

I3- Cryptczma Brycei: Side view, and view of under surface
natural size.

14.— Mytilus subtilis: Natural size, and magnified view of a
portion of the test.

r5* D entcili uni Portlocki : Enlarged two diameters.

16. — Anatina myacina : Natural size.

WPvbTTiiss, cLet.

As it is intended to issue, from time to time , further
Lists of the Fauna, Flora , Fossils , and Antiqui-
ties of the North of Ireland, Members are re-
quested to preserve this Appendix for binding
with those to be issued in the future.

APPENDIX II.

=0333009 Q0G=

-A. LIST

OF THE

Jrisb frassk Jnrammikm,

BY

JOSEPH WRIGHT, F.G.S., F.R.G.S.I.,

Hon. Assoc, of the Belfast Nat. Hist, and Phil. Soc., &c &c. ;

AND

A LIST OF THE

FOSSILS OF THE ESTUAllINE CLAYS,

lOF THE COUNTIES OF DOWN AND ANTRIM,

BY

SAMUEL ALEX. STEWART,

Fellow of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh , Hon. Assoc, of the
Belfast Nat. Hist, aud Phil. Soc.

PUBLISHED BY

BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB.

October, 1871.

APPENDIX II.

ERRATA AND ADDENDA.

The paging after page 38 should be as follows Page 37 should be
39, 38 should be 40, 39 should be 41, 40 should be 42.

Page 26, line 4. For “ Dr. H. P. Brady” read “ Dr. H. B. Brady.”

Convolvulus bidentatus ” read “ Conovulus biden-
tatus .”

For “ Lcuna divaricata” read “ Lacuna divaricata.”
For “ Lacuna palidaul” read “ Lacuna palidula.”
For “ scalaria Turtonis *’ read “ Scalaria Turtonis .”

For “ Murex erinaceous” read “ Murex erinaceus.”
For “ tilus adriaticus var. ovalis” read “ Mytilus
adriaticus, VAR. ovalis.” (In some copies only.)
For “ Cardiam pygmceum''1 read 6t Cardium pygmceum .”
For “ Thracia pubescans” read “ Thracia Pubescens.”
For “ Gastrochcenia modiolina ” read “ Gastrochcena mo-
diolina.

,, 35. After Terebella conchilegia, add
Echinus miliaris, Leske. Very abundant in the Thracia convexa zone
of the Belfast Estuarine Clay. Near the upper limit of this zone I found a
bed marked by a closely-packed layer of the shells of this urchin. The
shells are of large size. The species still lives abundantly in our bay.

29, line 5. For

29, line 18.

29, line 20.

30, line 15.

31, line 4.

32, line 29.

33, line 10.

34, line 36.

35, line 12.

Amphidotus cordatus, Pennant. Specimens of this “ heart urchin ”
are scattered throughout the Thracia convexa zone in the Belfast bed, but
not plentifully. This species occurs on the County Down coast, but I am
not aware of its living in Belfast Lough. A sandy bottom is the habitat
usually assigned to this urchin, but our fossil specimens must have lived on
a bottom entirely muddy.

ERRATA CONTINUED.

Page 36, line 2. For “ Spiroloculina planatula” read “ Spiroloculina

PLANULATA.”

,, 36, line 3. For “ Triloculina Brongnairatii” read “ Triloculina
Brongniartii.”

„ 36, line 35. For “Quarternary” read “ Quaternary.”

,, 38 line 17. ForLiTToRiNA obtusata, var. ^stuaru” read “ Litto-

RINA OBTUSATA, VAR. /ESTUARII.”

,, 38 line 30. For “ Turittella terebra” read “Turritella te-

REBRA.”

39 (37), line 16. For “ Murex erinaceous” read “ Murex erina-
ceus.”

,, 40 (31), line 3. For “ Ostrea edulis, Minn ,” read “ Ostrea
edulis, hinny

„ 41 (39), line 16. For “ Thracia pubescans” read “ Thracia pub-
escens.”

A few typographical errors also appear, which are unnecessary to
enumerate, as the correct reading will be apparent.

A LIST OF

IRISH LIASSIC FORAMIN I FE R A,

BY

JOSEPH WRIGHT, F.G.S., F.R.G.S.I.,

Hon. Assoc, of the Belfast Nat. Hist, and Phil. Soc., &c ., &c.

Mr. E. Tate, in his valuable paper on the Liassic fossils of Ireland, pub-
lished by the Club in 1870, records one species of Foraminifera, Dentalina
obliqua, from the locality of Ballintoy, County Antrim. This is, I believe,
the first, and, indeed, only notice we have of fossil Foraminifera having
been met with in any of our Irish rocks.

Shortly after this paper appeared, Mr. W. Gray discovered two or
three other Foraminifera in the same beds. On hearing of these discoveries
I wsa led carefully to examine these shales at Ballintoy, in the hope of
being able to add moie kinds to the few already known from that station ;
and through the kindness of several members of the Club, who supplied
me liberally with the stone, I am now able to give the names of no less
than 20 species.

Excepting one spot on Island Magee, where Lingulin a tenera has been
met with, the Ballintoy shale is as yet the only Lias known in Ireland in
which Foraminifera have been found. The shale at this place is singularly
favourable for yielding these lovely little organisms, for on the stone being
placed in water, it almost immediately falls down into a fine impalpable

26

Wright — List of Irish Liassic Foraminifera.

mud, on passing which through fine muslin the Foraminifera remain
behind in the very finest preservation.

I cannot conclude these few remarks without expressing my sincere
thanks to Dr. H. P. Brady, F.L.S., of Newcastle-on-Tyne, for the very
valuable assistance he afforded me in correctly determining the names of
the species.

Nodosaria raphanus, Linn. sp. Ballintoy. Rare.

Nodosaria scalaris, Batsch. sp. Ballintoy. Rare.

Nodosaria tetragona, Reuss. Ballintoy. Very common.

Nodosaria Boucana, D'Orb. Ballintoy. Rare.

Nodosaria humilis, Romer. Ballintoy. Rare.

Glandulina laevigata, D'Orb. Ballintoy. Very rare.

Lingulina tenera , Bornemann. Ballintoy j Islandmagee. Very common.
Dentalina communis, D'Orb. Ballintoy. Common.

Dentalina obliqua, Linn. sp. Ballintoy. Very common.

Vaginulina legumen, Linn. sp. Ballintoy. Very rare.

Vaginulina laevigata, Romer. Ballintoy. Common.

Vaginulina striata, D'Orb. Ballintoy. Common.

Marginulina raphanus, Linn. sp. Ballintoy. Very Common.
Marginulina Lituus, D'Orb. Ballintoy. Rare.

Marginulina ensis, Reuss. Ballintoy. Common.

Planularia Bronni, Romer. Ballintoy. Rare.

Cristellaria crepidula, F. &> M. sp. Ballintoy. Rare.

Cristellaria acutauricularis, F. M. sp. Ballintoy. Very common,
Frondicularia striatula, Reuss. Ballintoy. Common.

Frondicularia augustata, Nilsson. Ballintoy. Common.

A LIST OF THE

Fossils of the Estuarine Clays of the Counties of
Down and Antrim .

By SAMUEL ALEX. STEWART,

Fellow of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, Hon. Assoc, of the
Belfast Nat. Hist, and Phil. Soc.

The term, Estuarine Clay, is intended to signify those deposits, mostly of
clay, which have been accumulated in our existing bays and estuaries since
the close of the Glacial Period. They are the latest of the long series of
geological deposits, and resting, as they most commonly do, on the
Boulder Clay, they unite the present to the past.

The Estuarine Clay often presents beds of considerable thickness, which
have been continuously laid down, and are tenanted by the shells of
species that have lived and died on the spot. It is to be regretted that these
beds have not received more attention, as they offer perhaps the best means
of filling up the gap in geological history between the close of the Glacial
Era and the present.

These Estuarine Clays are widely spread in Britain, being of consider-
able thickness, and covering areas of some extent in such important
estuaries as those of the Clyde and of the Mersey. In the North of
Ireland we have several of these beds. That at Belfast exceeds twenty
feet in thickness, and is spread over an area of at least four or five square
miles. It may be seen at Belfast, Sydenham, Holywood, Bangor, and
Kilroot. Similar, though apparently less extensive Post-Pliocene accumu-
lations, are to be found on the shores of the Loughs of Larne and Strang-
ford, and also at Lough Foyle, and near Coleraine. Of the two latter no
detailed account has been published, and I have had no opportunity of

28 Stewart— List of Estuarine Clay Fossils.

examining them, though I have in my possession some of the shells from
the Estuarine Clay of the Bann. In such inlets as those of Loughs Larne
and Strangford, into which there are no rivers of any note carrying sedi-
ment, these Post-Pliocene clays are indicated by accumulations of small
extent, but characterised by the presence of shells, in most part the same
as those living in the adjoining waters.

A list of the Belfast clay shells was made out by John Grainger,
Esq., and published by the British Association in their Report for 1852.
A second list by Mr. Grainger, recording all the species known to occur
in this bed at that date, was published in the Natural History Review for
1859. By the excavations for the recently constructed floating dock and
basin, I have been enabled to examine this clay to a depth of twenty feet
over a considerable area. The results are the addition of a goodly number
of species to Mr. Grainger’s lists, and the conviction that there is evidence
that since the basement portion of that clay was laid down, there have
been several oscillations of the sea-level ; these oscillations can be shown
by a comparison of the different sets of shells, found at various depths in
the clay.

The Larne Lough Estuarine Clay may be seen on the shore close to
Magheramorne railway station : shells occur in it abundantly, many of
the testacea being among our rarer species. This deposit is rich in Fora-
minifera , and in the smaller forms of Mollusca, especially univalves. It
has been only slightly examined, and would doubtless yield many more
fossils if scrutinised as closely as the corresponding bed at Belfast. At
Strangford Lough I have seen the Estuarine clay near Newtownards, but
have had little opportunity of investigating the bed at that place.

Stewart — List of Estuarine Clay Fossils.

29

ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES.*

Helix nemoralis. Mr. Grainger records the finding of one specimen of
this land shell. I met with it two or three times.

Helix rotundata. One specimen (Grainger).

Zonites nitidulus. Two specimens (Grainger).

Melampus bidentatus, Convolvulus bidcntcitus , F. & H. Larne Lough
bed, rare.

Patella vulgata. One specimen (Grainger).

Tectura virginea, Acmcea virginea, F. & H. Very rare. (One young
specimen.)

Fissurella Gr^ca, Fissurella reticulata , F. & H. Belfast bed, rare.
Cyclostrema nitens, Trochus pusillus , F. & H. Plentiful in the Larne
Lough deposit.

Trochus magus. Of large size, but rare.

Trochus cinerareus. Abundant both at Belfast and Larne.

Trochus umbilicatus. At Larne Lough, scarce and small.

Lacuna crassior. Found by Mr. Grainger in the Estuarine Clay of Bel-
fast. I have not myself met with specimens.

Lcuna divaricata, Lacuna vincta , F. & H. Occurs in some plenty.
Lacuna puteolus. Larne Lough, scarce.

Lacuna pallidaul. In the Larne Lough deposits, scarce.

Littorina obtusata, Littorina litoralis , F. & H. Frequent.

Littorina obtusata, var. iESTUARii. Belfast, rare.

Littorinarudis. Scarce.

Littorina rudis, var. tenebrosa. Scarce.

Littorina litorea. Abundant, especially in the f Scrobicularia bed.
Rissoa inconspicua. In great abundance.

* I have used the names adopted by Mr. Jeffreys in his Manual of
British Conchology. Where the names given by Forbes and Hanley are
different, they appear here as synonyms.

f See abstract of paper lead by the author on 8th March, in Eighth
Annual Report of Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club (1871).

30

Stewart — List of Estuarine Clay Fossils.

Rissoa membranacea, Rissoa labiosa, F. & H. Profusely abundant, and
of large size.

Rissoa viqlacea, Rissoa rufilabrum, F. & H. Not uncommon.

Rissoa striata. Larne Lough, in profusion.

Rissoa vitrea. In the Belfast deposit, rare.

Hydrobia ulv.e, Rissoaulvce, F. & H. Frequent in the Estuarine Clays
of Belfast, Larne, and Strangford Loughs.

Homalogyra atomus, Skenea nitidissima , F. & H. Abundant in the clay
at Magheramorne.

Homalogyra rota, Skenea rota , F. & H. With the last species, but
rare.

Caecum glabrum. Larne Lough, rare.

Turitella terebra, Turitella communis , F. & H. Plentiful, [and very
large.

Scalaria Turton^e, 'scalaria Turtonis, F. & H. Plentiful in the Belfast
bed.

Aclis supranitida. Belfast bed, very rare.

Odostomia minima. This rare little univalve is for the first time recorded
as an Irish Shell. One specimen only occurred to me.

Odostomia pallida, Odostomia eulimoides, F. & H. Mr. Grainger re-
corded this shell from the Belfast deposit. I have found it at Maghera-
morne, where it is rather scarce.

Odostomia acuta. Belfast and Larne beds, rare.

Odostomia indistinct a, Chemnitzia indistincta, F. & H. Rare.

Odostomia interstincta. Very rare.

Odostomia lactea, Chemnitzia elegantissima , F. & H. Belfast and Larne
beds, not uncommon.

Eulima bilineata. One specimen found by Mr. Grainger, and recorded as
E. subulata. Dr. Grainger is now satisfied that the name I have adopted
is right.

Natica catena, Natica monilifera , F. & H. Very scarce.

Natica Alderi, Natica nitida, F. & H. Commonly diffused through the
clay.

Aporrhais pes-pelicani. In the greatest abundance.

Cerithium reticulatum. Everywhere throughout the deposit in abun-
dance.

Stewart — List of Estuarine Clay Fossils. 31

Purpura lapillus. A few specimens occurred, but this species may be
reckoned among the rare shells of the Estuarine Clay.

Buccinum undatum. Very common.

Murex erinaceous. Rare at Belfast, rather frequent at Larne.

Fusus antiquus. Occurs occasionally, but not at all common.

Nassa reticulata. Frequent throughout the Clays.

Nassa pygmea. Very common. Mr. Grainger’s N. incrassata belongs, I
believe, to this “ segregate.” The distribution of these forms in our
local Post-tertiary deposits seems to have been very fluctuating.
Nassa incrassata occurs in our Glacial Clays, then disappears from our
subsequently deposited Estuarine Clay, and finally reappears as the
dominant form in our existing waters. Nassa pygmea , on the other
hand, has not been found in our Boulder Clay, but in the Estuarine
Clay is abundant, and now again ranks as a rare shell confined to
the deep waters outside the bay,

Defrancia gracilis, Mangelia gracilis. F. & H. Very rare, one speci-
men only.

Pleurotoma cost at a, Mangelia costata. F. & H. One specimen, (fide
Grainger).

Pleurotoma brachystoma, Mangelia brachy stoma. F. & H. Rather
rare.

Pleurotoma septang.ularis, Mangelia septangularis. F. & H. Very
rare.

Pleurotoma rufa, Mangelia rufa , F. & H. “ Belfast deposit” (J. Gwyn
Jeffreys). By the Belfast deposit, I believe Mr, Jeffreys means our
bed of Estuarine Clay. Nevertheless, few discriminate sufficiently
between the Estuarine Clay and the raised beaches occurring here.
The latter I have excluded from my list.

Pleurotoma turricula, Mangelia turricula. F. & H. Rare.

Cypr^a Europ^a. Two or three specimens only of our British cowry
occurred to me.

Cylichna nitidula. In the Belfast bed I found one shell.

Utriculus obtusus, Cylichna obtusa. F. & H. In the Larne, and also
in the Strangford Lough Estuarine Clay, rare.

Utriculus hyalinus, Amphisphyra hyalina , F. & H. Plentiful in the
Belfast and in the Larne^beds,but so fragile that specimens can scarcely
be secured.

32

Stewart — List of Estuarine Clay Fossils.

Acera bullata, Akerct bullata, F. & H. In the Belfast bed abundantly,
but restricted to the *zone of Thracia convexci. Plentiful also at Larne,
where specimens are of small size, apparently the variety nana.

Action tornatilis, Tornatella fasciata , F. & H. Belfast deposit, (fide
Grainger).

Scaphander lignarius. Rare. Three or four specimens only.

Philine aperta. In abundance.

Anomia ephippium. This extremely variable shell is distributed through-
out the clay in some plenty.

Anomia patelliformis. Rare, (Grainger).

Ostrea edulis. Shell beds, made up nearly altogether of the common
oyster, occurred near the base of the deposit, and again repeated near
the upper surface.

Ostrea edulis, var. hippopus. Immense shells of this deep-water variety
scattered through the clay, mainly in the median portion of the de-
posit.

Pecten varius. Generally distributed and abundant.

Pecten opercularis. Along with the last species, and almost equally
abundant.

Pecten maximus. Scattered throughout, rather plentifully.

Lima hians. Very rare in the Belfast bed, abundant in the corresponding
deposit in Larne Lough.

Mytilus edulis. Abundant, especially in the basal and superficial por-
tions of the clay.

Mytilus modiolus, Modiola modiolus , F. & H. Rare at Belfast, plentiful
in the Larne bed.

Mytilus adriaticus, Modiola tulipa, F. & H. Occurs both at Belfast and
Lame, but is rare.

tilus adriaticus, var. ovalis. “ Occurred in excavating a channel in
Belfast Harbour” (J. G. Jeffreys). Some specimens dug out at the site
of the new floating dock appear to belong to this variety.

Modiolaria marmorata, Crenelles marmorata, F. & H. Very rare at Bel-
fast, frequent at Larne.

Nucula nucleus. Very abundant in the Belfast beds ; rare at Larne.

Leda minuta, Leda caudata, F. & H. A single valve, (Grainger).

* See abstract of paper lead by the author on 8th March, in Eighth
Annual Report of Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club (1871).

Stewart — List of Estuarine Clay Fossils.

33

Montacuta bidentata. Frequent at Belfast ; occurs in the Larne Lough
bed in profusion.

Montacuta ferruginosa. In the Belfast bed, rare.

Lucina borealis. Belfast bed, rare, but very large and tumid. The
normal form occurs abundantly in the Larne Lough deposit.

Axinus flexuosus, Lucina flexuosa, F. & H. Abundant and luxuriant.

Cyamium minutum, Turtonia minuta , F. & H. Rare in the Belfast Es-
tuarine Clay, plentiful in the similar bed at Larne Lough.

Cardium echinatum. Occurs in great profusion, and very fine.

Cardium exiguum, Cardiam fiygmceum, F. & H. Occurs rather frequently
in the Belfast deposit, but generally as single valves. More plentiful
at Larne, and often complete.

Cardium nodosum. In the Larne Lough bed, very rare.

Cardium edule. Very abundant, especially in the upper and lower zones.
Some of the shells, if not fully entitled to be considered as belonging
to the variety rusticum , certainly approach that estuarine form very
closely.

Cardium Norvegicum. Very rare. Mr. Grainger found one valve, and
two or three valves occurred to me.

Cyprina Islandica. Very rare. I found one perfect specimen in the
Thracia convexa zone of the Estuarine Clay.

Venus lincta, Artemis lincta , F. & H. Occurs occasionally dispersed
through the clay, but usually in single valves.

Venus Casina. Frequent in the Larne Lough deposit, mostly in single
valves.

Venus ovata. Frequent at Larne, specimens small.

Venus Gallina, Venus striatula, F. & H. Diffused through the beds, form
variable.

Tapes aureus. Common in the Larne Estuarine bed, not rare in the
Belfast bed.

Tapes aureus, var. ovata. Not uncommon, occurs both in the Larne
and Belfast Estuarine Clays ; attains a much greater size than the
typical form.

Tapes pullastra. Frequent, especially in the lower zone.

Tapes decussata. Shells of this littoral species occupy the lower portion
of the clay in great profusion. Many specimens were much above the
usual size.

34

Stewart — List of Estuarine Clay Fossils.

Lucinopsis undata. Very large, and diffused in immense numbers
through the clay, except in the very oldest and very newest portions
of the bed.

Tellina Balthica, Tellina solidulct , F. & H. Abundant, especially near
the upper surface.

Tellina tenuis. Near the top, only sparingly, and of small size.

Tellina squalida, Tellina incarnata , F. & H. Very rare. The only
specimens I have seen were single valves collected by the late Wm.
Thompson, Esq., and by Mr. William Darragh, of the Belfast Mu-
seum.

Psammobia Ferroensis. Single valves frequent, perfect specimens
rare.

Psammobia vespertina. Mr. Grainger records finding 'a single valve of
this species.

Mactra subtruncata. Frequent, variable in size and shape.

Mactratruncata. Scarce.

Lutraria elliptica. Frequent.

Lutraria oblonga. One specimen, (fide Grainger).

Scrobicularia alba, Syndosmya alba , F. & H. Scattered through the
clay in immense numbers.

Scrobicularia piperata. Occupies the lower zone of the clay in the
greatest profusion, Rare oi absent from the ^higher or more recently
deposited portion of the bed.

Solecurtis antiquatus, Solecuytis coarctatus , F. & H. A single speci-
men, ( fide Grainger).

Solen pellucidus. Distributed through the ^median portion of the bed
in abundance.

Solen ensis. Occurs sparingly.

Solen vagina, Solen marginatus, F. & H. Rather frequent.

Thracia papyracea, Thracia phaseolina. Frequent ; shells often perfect.
The form T. villosiuscula also occurs.

Thracia convexa. Perfect specimens of this fine shell are plentiful ;
their occurrence made it easy to recognise a well-marked zone of the
clay, replete with species that live mostly at a depth of five to ten
fathoms.

Thracia pubescans. One specimen. (Grainger).

Corbula gibba, Corbula nucleus, F. & H. Plentiful, but mostly as single
valves.

Stewart — List of Estuarine Clay Fossils.

35

Mya arenaria. Frequent, but only in the most recent portion of the
bed.

Mya truncata. Plentiful throughout ; specimens very fine, and some-
times with the siphonal tubes preserved.

Mya binghami, Sphcenici Binghami, F. & H. In the Larne Lough de-
posit, very rare.

Panopea plicata, Saxicava rugosa, young? F. & H. Plentiful at Bel-
fast in one narrow zone of the clay bed. Not yet found living on
the Irish coasts.

Saxicava rugosa. Larne Lough deposit, rare.

Saxicava rugosa var. artica. Belfast bed, rare (Grainger).

Gastroch^ena dubia, Gastroclicenia modiolinci , F. & H. “ Two portions
of the curious flask-like tubes of this species were found in the de-
posits” (Grainger).

Pholas Candida. Perfect shells imbedded in numbers at the base of the
zone of Thracia convexa, and forming a line of demarcation between
that zone and the S crobicularia bed.

Pholas crispata. In the clay where they had lived in some numbers ;
the specimens are very large, many of them being nearly double the
usual dimensions of living examples. They occur only at the base of
the Thracia convexa bed.

Teredo Norvegica. The calcareous tubes of this “ship worm” are not
rare in the clay ; complete specimens now in the Belfast Museum
were dug up while making sewers in the streets of the town.

Creusia verruca. Belfast deposit, (Grainger).

Cythere albo-maculata. Belfast bed, rare. Not rare in the Larne
Lough deposit.

Pectinaria belgica. Belfast deposit, (Grainger.)

Serpula triquetra. Belfast Estuarine Clay, on shells.

Serpula vermicularis. In the Belfast Clay, rare.

Terebella conchilega. Belfast bed, (Grainger.)

POLYMORPHINA LACTEA. Bare.

Polymorphina gibba, Var. cequalis. Rare.

Planorbulina mediterranensis. Very rare.

Polystomella crispa. Belfast and Larne bed, very abundant.

Quinqueloculina bicornis. Belfast and Larne beds, scarce.

Quinqueloculina seminulum. In great abundance.

Rotalia beccarii. Extremely abundant, Belfast and Larne Lough .

36 Stewrart — List of Estuarine Clay Fossils.

Spiroloculina limbata. Rare.

Spiroloculina planatula. Very rare.

Triloculina Brongnairtii. Rare.

Triloculina trigonula. Common.

Truncatulina lobatula. Not common.

Verneuilina polystropha? Very rare.

In the foregoing list I have given estimates for the several species,
approximating as near as possible to the abundance or paucity of speci-
mens. These estimates are founded on careful observations, extending
over some three years. In preparing them I have derived valuable assist-
ance from Dr. Grainger’s previously published lists, and I am confident
that they may be relied on as in the main correct. Future excavations,
if such be carried on in these beds, may possibly make slight modifications,
but I am satisfied that on the whole the estimates here given will remain
practically undisturbed.

In the table which follows, I have endeavoured to give for the North of
Ireland the distribution of these species in Post-tertiary times. Unfortu-
nately the unproductiveness of our Glacial beds renders one column rather
imperfect. Out of 140 species here recorded, only 29, being 21 per cent.,
appear as glacial shells in this district. It cannot be doubted but that there
existed a much greater community between the two faunas.

Species make their appearance in a locality, becoming more and more
abundant until they reach their culminating point, from which they recede
with more or less rapidity until finally they are replaced by others. Such
is the history of many of the shells of our Estuarine Clay, and to make
this record as useful and complete as possible, columns are here given,
showing those now found living in the waters of our bay, and those 1 lving
at present on the coasts of the North of Ireland, distinguishing them from
such as have only been found as dead shells. These columns will, it is
hoped, prove instructive. It will be seen that many species, now only
found dead, existed here during some portion of the Estuarine Clay times
in abundance ; and it may be added that during that period some other
species, now among the forms dominant in our waters, were either absent
or rare.

Shells from Raised Beaches, and Quarternary Gravels, are not included
in these lists, which have been rigidly restricted to species which certainly
occur in the Estuarine Clay. Many Post-pliocene shells are thereby ex-
cluded, which have been recorded as from Belfast deposits. It is to be

Stewart— List of Estuarine Clay Fossils.

37

hoped that members of the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club will not overlook
the raised beaches that are so numerous in the district : a good catalogue
of our raised beach shells would nearly perfect our knowledge of the local
Post-pliocene marine fauna.

I am very much indebted to J. Gwynn Jeffreys. Esq., F.R.S., for his
kindness in identifying for me all critical or doubtful shells ; to Joseph
Wright, Esq., F.G.S., who gave much valuable assistance in ascertaining
the various forms of Foraminifcra in the Estuarine Clay; and also to Dr.
H. B. Brady, F.G.S., F.L.S., who kindly took the trouble to refer these
forms to their proper species. To Rev, Dr. Grainger I am also indebted
for permission to examine his valuable collections of shells of the Belfast
Estuarine Clay.

38

Stewart — List gf Estuarine Clay Fossils.

TABLE OF LOCAL DISTRIBUTION

List of Species.*

Fossil

O

Gastropoda.

Helix nemoralis, Mull

Helix rotundata, Linn

Zonites nitidulus, Drap

Melampus bidentatus, Mont

Patella vulgata, Linn

Tectura virginea, Mull

Fi6surella Graeca, Linn

Cyclostrema nitens, Phil

Trochus magus, Linn

Trochus cinerarius, Linn

Trochus umbilicatus, M ont

Lacuna crassior, Mont

Lacuna divaricata, Fahr

Lacuna puteolus, Turt

Lacuna pallidula, Da Costa

Littorina obtusata, Linn

,, var, aestuaru, jfeff

Littorina rudis, Maton

“ var, tenebrosa, Mont

Littorina litorea, Linn

Rissoa inconspicua, Aid

Rissoa membranacea Adams

Rissoa violacea, Desm

Rissoa striata, Adams

Rissoa vitrea, Mont

Hydrobia ulvae, Penn

Homalogyra atomus, Phil

Homalogyra, rota, F. & H

Caecum glabrum, Mont

Turittella terebra, Linn

O

o

Recent

Living

o

X!

O

l-S

Dead

Shells

o

£

U

O

sM

<u

X.

1

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

x.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

. .

X.

X.

. .

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

1 • •

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X,

X.

X.

X.

. .

X.

X.

X,

..

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

••

X.

X.

* I have placed each species in the column for dead shells, unless there is
some record of them being taken alive, or that I myself know of their living here.

Stewart — List of Estuarine Clay Fossils.

37

List of Species.

Fossil.

Recent.

d

3

13

'o

3

d

o

<u

c

os
p
c n

W

C/3

Ǥ

13

CQ

>>

ccS

o

C/3

w

•a

p

o

0)

d

d

o

C/3

w

X

bo

p

o

£

bD

c

d

m

Living

Dead

Shells

d

W

C/3

13

m

o

r>

o

+J <U
'H-H kh

o

C/3

o

o

%

m

CD

13

m

o

X

o

<d d

"-2 15
o

C/3

d

o

Q

Gastropoda.

i

Scalaria Turtonas, Tzirt

X.

X.

Aclis supranitida, S. Wood

X.

X.

X.

Odostomia minima, jfeff

X.

Odostomia pallida, Mont

. .

X.

X.

X.

Odostomia acuta, Jeff

X.

X.

x.

Odostomia indistincta, Mont

X.

X.

X.

Odostomia interstincta, Mont

X.

X.

X.

Odostomia lactea, Linn

X.

X.

X.

X.

Eulima bilineata, Aid

X.

X.

X.

Natica catena, Da Costa

X.

X.

X.

X.

Natica Alderi. Forbes

X.

X.

x.

Aporrhais pes-pelicani, Linn

X.

X.

X.

k.

Cerithium reticulatum, Da Costa

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

Purpura lapillus, Linn

X.

X.

X.

X.

Buccinum undatum, Linn

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

Murex erinaceous, Linn

X.

X.

X.

! ••

X.

X.

Fusus antiquus, Linn

X.

X.

..

X.

x.

Nassa reticulata, Linn

X.

X.

X.

Nassapygmea, Lamk

X.

X.

Defrancia gracilis, Mont

X.

Pleurotoma costata , Donovan

X.

■ X.

X.

Pleurotoma brachystoma, Phil

X.

X.

Pleurotoma septangularis, Mont

X.

X.

X.

. .

Pleurotoma rufa, Mont

X.

X.

X.

Pleurotoma turricula, Mont

X.

X.

X.

1 X.

Cypraea Europaea, Mont

X.

X.

X.

X.

,X.

. .

Cylichna nitidula, Lov

X.

**

X.

Utriculus obtusus, Mont

X.

X.

X.

X.

Utriculus hyalinus, Turt

X.

X.

X.

Acera bullata, Mull

X.

X.

X.

X.

Actseon tornatilis, Linn

X.

X.

X.

Scaphander lignarius, Linn

..

X.

X.

X.

Philine aperta, Linn

1

X.

X.

••

Stewart — List of Estuarine Clay Fossils.

Fossil.

Recent.

List of Species.

CoNCHIFERA.

Anomia ephippium, Linn

Anomia patelliformis, Linn

Ostrea edulis, Minn

,, ,, var. hippopus, Lcimk

Pecten varius, Linn

Pecten opercularis, Linn

Pecten maximus, Linn

Lima hians, Gmel

Mytilus edulis, I Ann..

Mytilus modiolus, IAnn

Mytilus Adriaticus, Lcimk

Modiolaria marmorata, Forbes

Nucula nucleus, Linn..'

Leda minuta, Mull

Montacuta bidentata, Mont

Montacuta ferruginosa ,Mont

Lucina borealis, Linn

Axinus flexuosus, Mont

Cyamium minutum, Fabr

Cardium echinatum, Linn

Cardium exigium, Gmel

Cardium nodosum, Turt

Cardium edule, Linn

Cardium Norvegicum, Speng

Cyprina Islandica, Linn

Venus lincta, Pult

Venus casina, Linn

Venus ovata, Penn

Venus Gallina, Linn

Tapes aureus, Gmel

„ „ var. ovata, Jeff . . .

Tapes pullastra, Mont

Tapes decussatus, Linn

Lucinopsis undata, Penn

Tebina balthica, Linn

Glacial Clay

Belfast Estuarine Clay j

1

Larne Lough Est. Clay

Strangford Lough Est. Clay|

Living.

Dead

Shells.

Belfast Bay

Coast of the North oi
Ireland

Belfast Bay

Coast of the North of
Ireland

X.

X.

X.

X.

. .

X.

X.

X.

. .

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

. .

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

. .

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X,

X,

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X,

X.

X.-

X.

X.

x.

X.

X.

• •

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

. .

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X,

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X,

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

. .

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

. .

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

- .

X.

X.

X.

. .

X,

X.

X.

. .

x.

X.

X.

X.

. .

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

• •

X.

X.

X.

. .

X.

X.

X.

. .

. .

X.

. .

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

• •

Stewartv— List of Estuarine Clay Fossils,

39 Lf!

List of Species.

Fossil.

Recent.

ci

3

*o

oj

o

3

<u

G

"C

cS

3

co

w

CO

raj

pq

j?

3

CO

w

X

hO

3

o

l-J

<u

c

Vi

a

t-Q

3

3

m

w

3

o

1-3

Vi

£

ho

3

<A

s-<

c n

Living

Dead

Shells

S'

CQ

ts

.3

13

CQ

t^1

o

X

ti

o

+2 <u
u

<-M (— 1

o

CO

Rt

o

o

3

CQ

■+J

CO

jCS

13

CQ

o

X

Vi

o

+3 <u

Vi

<1-1

o

CO

oS

o

O

CoNCHIFERA.

Tellina tenuis, Da Costa

X.

X.

X*

Tellina squalida, Puli

X.

X.

X.

Psammobia ferroensis, Chemn

X.

X. ,

X.

Psammobia vespertina, Chemn

...

X.

X.

Mactra truncata, Mont

X.

X.

X.

X.

Mactra subtruncata, Da Costa

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

Lutraria elliptica Lamk

X.

X.

X.

Lutraria oblonga. Chemn

X.

X.

Scrobicularia alba, Wood

X.

X.

X.

X.

Scrobicularia piperata, Bellonius

X.

Solecurtus antiquatus, Pult

X.

X.

X.

Solen pellucidus, Penn

X.

X.

X.

X.

Solen ensis. Linn

x>

X.

X.

Solen vagina, Linn

X.

X.

Thracia papyracea Poli

X.

# 9

X.

X.

Thracia pubescans. Pult

X.

X.

Thracia convexa, W. Wood

• •

X.

X.

X.

Corbula gibba, Olivi

X.

X.

X.

X,

Mva arenaria. Linn

X.

X.

X.

Mva truncata, Linn

X.

X.

X.

Mya Binghami, Turt

X.

X.

Panopea plicata, Mont

X.

Saxicava rugosa, Linn

X.

X.

X.

X.

x#

,, ,. var. arctica, F. &> H. . .

X.

X.

X.

Gastrochasna dubia, Penn

. ?

X.

Pholas Candida, I Ann

X.

X.

Pholas crispata, Linn

X.

X.

X.

Teredo Norvegica, Speng

X.

X.

Class Crustacea

Cv there, alhn-marnlpta,

X.

X.

Crensia verrura T.aar.h. . . . T

X.

X.

Class Annelida

V>P‘1r'ir‘ci P/y 7/

X.

Stewart — List of Estuarine Clay Fossils.

List of Species.

Fossil.

W

o

o

Eeeent.

Living

PQ

o

<u 5
x

<u

Dead

Shells

lo

m

o

0) g
X £
+J <u

Vi

o '

Class Annelida.
Serpula vermicularis Linn . . ,

Serpula triquetra, Linn

Terebella conchilega, Pall. . .

♦Class Rhizopoda.

Polymorphina lactea, W. J

Polymorphina gibba, var. equalis,kF.dy>y
Planorbulina Mediterranensis, D'Orb

Polystomella crispa, Linn

Qumqueloculina bicornis, W. & jf.
Quinqueloculina seminulum, Linn

Rotalina Beccarii, Linn

Spiroculina limbata

Spiroculina planulata, Lamk ....
Triloculina Brongniartii, D'Orb .
Triloculina trigonula, Lamk.
Truncatulina, lobatula, W. & J.
Verneuilina polystropha ? D'Orb

\

X.

X.

X.

X,

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

x.

X.

X.

X.

X,

X.

X,

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X,

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

X.

. .

X.

X.

X.

* As there is no evidence that any of the Foramanifera were taken alive
on our coasts, I have been compelled to enter them in this table as dead shells.
No doubt many of them lived here, but further information is required.

/ .

.a. ip if ie n id i ix: III

A LIST

OF THE

Ufomsaf %fjml{r-fet nffttlattir

. BY

SAMUEL ALEX. STEWART,

Fellow of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh ; Hon. Assoc, of the
Belfast Nat. Hist, and Phil. Soc.

AND

A LIST OF

<T h t uTctarcous JHino;o;i

Of the Worth of Ireland,

BY

JOSEPH WRIGHT, F.G.S., F.R.G.S.I.,

Hon. Assoc, of the Belfast Nat. Hist, and Phil. Soc.

PUBLISHED BY

THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB.

May, 1875

A LIST OF

THE MOSSES OF THE NORTH-EAST OF IRELAND,

By SAMUEL ALEX. STEWART,

Fellow of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh ; Hon. Assoc, oj the
Belfast Nat. Hist, and Phil. Soc.

The district referred to here comprises the counties of Down and Antrim,
with a small portion of the county of Derry adjacent, a district presenting a
great variety of contour, and a very considerable range in the rocks that come
to the surface. The county of Down consists mainly of Silurian slates and
grits, with protruded granite that rises to a height of between 2,000 and 3,000
feet in the Mourne range. Antrim is celebrated for its great basaltic plateau,
which extends also into Derry, and has an area of more than 1,000 square miles
of surface. Hard Chalk usually underlies the basalt, and is in many places
succeeded by thin beds of Greensand, Lias, Keuper marls, and New Red
Sandstone. Metamorphic rocks, and sedimentary rocks of the Palaeozoic series,
also occur extensively in Antrim and Derry, while superficial deposits, consist-
ing of clay, sand, and gravel, of Quaternary age, frequently overlie and obscure
the lower beds. The coast line measures about 1 70 miles, a very favourable
circumstance for the bryologist.

A good deal of attention has been bestowed on the Mosses of this locality
since the commencement of the present century. Many of the rarer forms have
been already recorded in various publications, and several detached papers
referring to them have been published, the latest being a short list in the Guide
to Belfast and the Adjacent Counties, issued by the Belfast Naturalists’ Field
Club in 1874. None of these profess, however, to be complete, and the
present is the first attempt at a moss-flora of this portion of the country.

From what has been already stated, the botanist will not hesitate to con-
clude that the North of Ireland is rich in mosses. And so it proves : the basalt

42 Stewart— List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland.

of Antrim and Derry is peculiarly favourable to their growth. The country is
welt Watered, and the streams, that originate in the ™^whe^h-
way to the lowlands through little glens that are deep and bushy, Wording o
only delightful retreats for the lover of the picturesque, but also the very best
hMtl for these tiny plants. I have-yet to learn that there is any happier way
of spending a summer day than searching for plants beneath the spray of little
cascades- or, with the melody of running waters in our ears climbing from
“Ig to cmg In the hope of meeting with some of the rare and beaut.fu forms
with which nature has enriched such spots. Our winters being usually very
mild, the enthusiastic collector, who is not afraid to wet his feet, can pursue

his occupation during the whole year.

The elevation of the hills is considerable. In Derry and Antrim they rise
to 2 ooo feet, and the Moume range of mountains is one of the most important
in Ireland The moss-flora of the district has, however, one defect, there are
but few of the species that flourish on limestone to be found here. This is no
doubt owing to the fact that the Chalk seldom appears as a suiface rock, it
being usually displayed in steep escarpments of the hills, and in glens w ere
the water has cut through it. In such places it rewards us with several rare
species Of the mosses here enumerated nine are now for the first time le
corded as natives of Ireland; namely, Hypnum gigankum, F,ss,dens tncurvts
(Schwaeg) Tavloria serrata , Mnium subglobosum, Zygodon rupestns, Po
littoral^ and 'sdigtria cakarea, with Wdssia crhpula and Hypnum resufiina-
turn collected long since in the north by Dr. Moore himself, but somehow
overlooked by him when preparing his synopsis of the Irish mo,ses. T ie
whole number here recorded amounts to 238 species : of these I have met with
200 myself, and as I do not consider the mere recording of a plant to be en-
tirely sufficient (no matter by whom recorded), I have deposited my specimens
in the Herbarium of the Natural History Society, at the Museum Belfasf
where they are available for public criticism. It may further be added, that
in making up this list all doubtful or suspicious plants have been rejected.
Hasty or spurious records are held in abhorrence by all rea naturalists, and
rigid accuracy has been preferred to an extensive but less reliable cata ogue

It is to be regretted that the large amount of work done by the late John
Templeton, the pioneer of bryology in the North of Ireland has not been as-
certained and duly credited. Owing to the absence of his collection of mosses
in Turner’s herbarium, and the want of precision in the early records, this
cannot now be done. Much still remains to be accomplished, notwithstanding
the highly creditable labours of Templeton, Dr. Moore, and others. And.
although there is a large number of species here recorded, our knowledge of
the moss-flora of the North of Ireland is still far from perfect, and the zealous
student will doubtless find many species not mentioned. This is niore especially
to be expected in the case of barren plants, so often passed by, and so frequently
difficult of determination.

Stewart — List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland. 43

With regard to the arrangement here followed, nothing has been attempted
in the way of classification. That is a work much needed, and which I hope
to see performed ere long by some of our leading bryologists, armed with an
authority which shall make his arrangement permanent. The sequence followed
here is that of the recent Synopsis of the British Mosses, by Mr. Hobkirk, but
I have thought fit to invert the order, commencing this list where it has been
the more common practice to end. This seems to be justified by the method
of phanerogamic botanists, who commence with the higher forms and end with
the lower. Whether right or wrong in this plan, at any rate no inconvenience
will be caused, as it is as easy to read a list backwards as forwards.

The habitats here assigned to the different species, and the times of fruit-
ing, are not copied from any other work, but are deduced from my own obser-
vation, extending over a period of eleven years, during which time these par-
ticulars have been carefully noted. In all cases in which I have not sufficient
information I have omitted them. The numbers appended refer to the months
during which fully formed capsules may be found, and until they commence to
wither.

It now only remains to express my thanks to the kind friends who have
given assistance in this work. And first to Mr. Charles P. Hobkirk, of Hud-
dersfield, who, animated by that freemasonry which pervades real naturalists,
undertook for me, a total stranger, the arduous labour of microscopically ex-
amining my plants, and confirming or correcting the names I had attached to
them. I owe to that gentleman’s acuteness the detection amongst my speci-
mens of two rare British mosses, not previously observed in Ireland — viz.,
Pottia littoralis and Zygodon rupestris , with some other rare species which I
had overlooked. I am also much indebted to Dr. David Moore, F. L.S.,
M.R.I.A., Dublin, for directing my attention to the collection of Antrim
mosses in the herbarium of Royal College of Science, Dublin, and for kindly
securing me the privilege of examining the specimens and noting localities.
Dr. Moore, who occupies the leading place amongst Irish bryologists, has
cheerfully facilitated this work, by advice on doubtful points, and by the com-
munication of authentic specimens. I am also under deep obligations to the
Rev. JohnFergusson, Forfarshire, who assisted me with specimens, and helped
me over many of my early difficulties. Without such help and encouragement
it is probable this work would not have been persevered with.

I have also been favoured with the assistance of Mr. J. H. Davies, of
Glenmore, Lisburn, who, with the greatest liberality, placed at my disposal
the whole of his very large collection of mosses, which are intended for the
Museum herbarium, and which will go very far to form a complete British
series. Mr. J. Creeth, of Belfast, kindly favoured me with an inspection of a
good collection of mosses made by him in the vicinity of Lisburn, and which
included some plants I had not myself met with.

LIST OF SPECIES.

I.

FONTINALIS ANTIPYRETICA. Linn.

On stones in streams-not uncommon. “ Attached to wood and stones m
the Co. Antrim rivers. ’’-Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. Woodburn, Six-
mile Water, Colin Glen (Antrim) ; in a well near Comber, and in stream at
Newtownards Glen (Down). — S.A. S. Very luxuriant specimens may be found
I have met with examples having stems two feet in length. The fruit, which
is seldom abundant, is to be looked for near the base of the stem. 5-7-

2. Crypflea heteromalla. Dill.

“Abundant on trees in Glenarm Demesne, but not common in Co. An-
trim.”—Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. On an ash tree at Ballywalter (Co.

Down). — S.A. S.

3. Hookeria lucens. Dill.

Damp, wooded banks of streams in hilly districts. This beautiful moss is
widely distributed, but rarely abundant. “ On moist shady banks in northern
glens” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. Glenoe, Woodburn (Antrim), Cre-
gagh Glen, Dundonald, Holywood Wood, Drumbo Glen (Down).-S. A.S.

12 1 Neckera tennata is stated to have been found, on trees in Colin Glen, near
Belfast, but I believe there has been an error regarding this : tt is certainly not

there now.

4. Neckera crispa. Dill.

Frequent on rocks in mountainous localities. “In fruit at the head of
Glenariff July, 1836.”— Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. Glenarm, Sallag
Braes, Black Mountain, and Colin Glen (Antrim) ; Newtownards Glen, Slieve
Donard. (Down). — S.A.S.

5. N. COMPLANATA. Linn.

Trunks of trees, and rocks-not rare. “ Frequent on trunks of trees
through the Co. Antrim. ’’-Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. Redhall, Knock-
agh, Colin Glen (Antrim); Glenmachan, Mealough Hill (Down).-S.A.S.

12-3.

Stewart— List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland. 45

6. Omalia trichomanoides. Dill.

Hedge banks, rocks, and trees— common. Moneymore (Derry) ; Knock-
•agh, Cammoney Hill, Belfast Hills (Antrim) ; Castlereagh and Holywood
Hills, Drumbo Glen (Down). — S. A.S. 10-2.

7. Hypnum loreum. Dill.

Mainly on mountain heaths and bogs— not common. “ Glenariff, and
-frequent on shady banks and under trees in Co. Antrim.” — Moore, Herb. Coll.
Sc. Dublin. Plentiful on peat bog on summit of Slieve Gallion (Derry) ;
ditch bank at Whitewell quarries, Cave Hill (Antrim); barren. — S.A.S.
It fruits in the greatest profusion in a wood at Pomeroy, Co. Tyrone. I have
found large specimens of H. striatum doing duty for this species in collections.

8. H. TRIQUETRUM. Dill.

Abundant in woods, and on shady banks throughout the district. 1 1-3.

9. H. SQUARROSUM. Dill.

Grassy fields, hedge banks, and heaths — everywhere abundant. Fruit
seldom found, but occasionally abundant. 11-3.

10. H. BREVIROSTRE. Ehr.

Woods and glens in mountainous districts — frequent, but usually not
abundant. “Glenariff, Glenarm, and Colin Glen.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc.
Dublin. Carndaisy Glen near Moneymore (Derry) ; Woodburn Glens, Glynn,
Carr’s Glen near Belfast (Antrim) ; Newtownards Glen, Glenmachan, Slieve
Croob (Down). — S.A.S. I have not found it in fruit.

11. H. SPLENDENS. Dill.

Abundant on heaths and damp banks — fruit rare. On hills of Derry,
Antrim, and Down : at 2,200 feet on Slieve Donard (Down). — S.A.S. 3-5.

12. H. scorpiodes. Dill.

“Bogs in the north, frequent but not in fruit.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc.
Dublin. Boggy heath on Slieve Croob (Down). — S.A.S.

13. H. STRAMINEUM. Dicks.

“Of frequent occurrence — rare in fruit. Glenmakerron, June, 1836.” —
Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin.

14. H. purum. Dill.

Shady glens, ditch banks, and mossy places in damp stony ground —
fruit scarce. Common from Slieve Gallion (Derry), to Slieve Donard (Down).
10-12.

46 Stewart — List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland.

15. Hypnum Schreberi. Dill .

Mountain moors and heathy wastes — frequent, but always barren.

1 6. H. cuspidatum. Dill.

Marshy grounds throughout the district — abundant at both high and low
elevations. 4-5.

17. H. cordifolium. Hediv.

Bogs and marshes — not common. “On bogs, amongst Sphagnum , at
Ballycastle.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. Boggy heath on Carrickfergus
Commons (Antrim) ; peaty marsh near Moneyreagh (Down). — S.A.S,

18. H. GIGANTEUM. Schimper.

Boggy and stony heath — very rare. Carrickfergus Commons (Antrim) •
Slieve Croob (Down). — S.A.S. Not found elsewhere in Ireland.

19. H. palustre. Linn.

On stones in streams — common. 5-6.

Var. B. subsphcerocarpon. De Notr. “On stones in streamlets flow-
ing from the hills between Cushendall and Ballymena ; near Carrickfergus.”—
Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II., Vol I., No. 8. I find in some cases,
the long nerve of this var., but can see no other difference. — S.A.S.

20. H. molluscum. Hedw.

Abundant on rocks of various mineralogical characters through Derry,,
Antrim, and Down. Fruit usually scarce. 1-4.

21. H. RESUPINATUM. Wils.

Rare. “ On trees, Glendun.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. On loose
limestone blocks, Knockagh (Antrim). — S.A.S.

22. H. CUPRESSIFORME. Dill.

On stones, trees, and mossy banks. In profusion everywhere throughout
Derry, Antrim, and Down — varies exceedingly. 11-2.

23. H. hamulosum. Frolich.

Very rare. On chalk rocks. Crow Glen and Black Mountain, Belfast ;
barren. — S.A.S.

24. H. FILICINUM. Dill.

Marshes in glens and upland districts — frequent, but seldom fruiting.
“ Near head of Glenariff, but rare.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. Slieve

Stewart — List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland.

47

Gallion and Carndaisy (Derry) ; Agnew’s Hill, Woodburn, Belfast Hills (An-
trim) ; Holywood Hill (Down). — S.A.S. 2-5.

25. Hypnum commutatum. Dill.

Bogs, marshes, and wet rocks. Abundant from Slieve Gallion to Slieve
Donard. 4-5. Some of my specimens have been named as the var. condensa -
tum, = H. falcatum — Bridel, but I am not able to distinguish the forms suf-
ficiently.

26. H. uncinatum. Hedw.

Wet rocks, and damp stony ground in hilly districts — not infrequent.
Slieve Gallion (Derry); Woodburn, Black Mountain, Colin Glen (Antrim);,
lower slopes of Slieve Donard (Down). — S.A.S. 4-6.

27. H. revolyens. Swartz.

Peaty and marshy places — rather rare. Wet stony heath, Carrickfergus
Commons; peaty marsh, Cave Hill; Slemish Mountain (Antrim); .Slieve
Croob (Down). — S.A.S. 5-6.

28. H. lycopodiodes. Neck.

“Fruiting in a bog, parish of Rasharkin, Co. Antrim, 1835.” — Moore*.
Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II., Vol. I., No. 8.

29. H. aduncum. Linn. H. exannulatum. Gitmb.

Boggy heaths — rare. “Bogs near Ballycastle, and other places in the

Co. Antrim.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. Boggy banks of stream on
Black Mountain, near Belfast. — S.A.S.

30. H. STELLATUM. Dill.

“On bogs in the moors above Carnlough (Antrim); barren.” — Moore,.
Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin.

31. H. IRRIGUUM. Wils.

Rare. On stones in stream at Magheramorne (Antrim). — S.A.S.

32. H. serpens. Dill.

On trees, stones, and hedge banks — frequent. “Abundant every where-
through Ireland.” — Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II., Vol. I., No. 8.
Moneymore, Toome (Derry) ; shores of Lough Neagh, Kilroot, Knockagh, &c. .
(Antrim); Sydenham, Castlereagh Hills (Down). — ’S.A.S. 2-5.

.48 Stewart — List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland.

33, Hypnum undulatum. Dill.

On mountain heaths-not infrequent. “ On moist banks in the northern
glens— frequent.”— Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. Slieve Gallion, and
Sperrin Mountains (Derry); Agnew’s Hill (Antrim) ; Slieve Donard (Down),
at 1,800 feet. — S.A.S. An elegant moss that only occurs in small quantity.

I have not met with it in fruit.

.34. H. SYLVATICUM. Dill.

Rocks and banlcs-rare. Near Lisburn -Mr. J . Creeth. Crevices of ba-
saltic rocks, Knockagh ; in fruit on Black Mountain, 4th July, 1864 (Antrim) ;
ditch bank, Castlereagh Hill (Down). — S.A.S.

35. H. elegans. .Hook.

Very rare. Among loose stones, Slieve Donard (Down) ; barren. S.A.S.

36. H. denticulatum. Dill.

Not common. “ Frequent in shady crevices of rocks, as at Ballygally

Head.” Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. On rocks at Slemish Mountain

(Antrim). — S.A.S.

37. H. pulchellum. Dicks.

“ Abundant in shady crevices of rocks at Sallagh Braes and Agnew’s Hill.”
— Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin.

38. H. alopecurum. Dill. (Thamnium.)

Damp woods and shady banks of streams— abundant and luxuriant. Derry,
Antrim, Down. 10-2.

39. H. ruscifolium. Dill.

On stones in streams, throughout Derry, Antrim, Down. 9-2.

40. H. mu rale. Dill.

“Tops of walls, and on stones near Ballycastle.” — Moore, Herb. Coll.
Sc. Dublin.

41. H. confertum. Dicks.

On damp shady banks, on stones, and on trees, occasionally on walls—
common. 1 1 -2.

42. H. Teesdalii. Sm.

Very rare. Found in 1859 by Mr. J. H. Davies, in Colin Glen, near
Belfast. This, which is amongst the rarest Irish mosses, occurs on wet rocks

49

Stewart — List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland.

by the side of the stream in the upper glen : I find it also on wet rocks m Red-
hall Glen, near Ballycarry (Antrim).— S. A. S. 4-6.

43. Hypnum tenellum. Dicks.

On limestone and basaltic rocks— not common. “Abundant on shady
rocks and stones.”— Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. In crevices of wet ba-
saltic rocks, Sallagh Braes ; on chalk rocks, Redhall Glen, Carr’s Glen, Cave
Hill (Antrim). — S.A.S. 1-4.

44. H. Swartzii. Turner.

There is a specimen in Dr. Moore’s Antrim Mosses in the Herb Coll. Sc.,
hut no locality is given. Woodbum Glen, Colin Glen (Antrim).— S.A.S.

H. flageilare should be found, it occurs at Pomeroy, in the neighbouring
county of Tyrone.

45. H. pumilum. Wils.

“Antrim, Templeton in Herb. Tumer.”~Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad.,
Series II., Vol. I., No. 8.

46. H. PRCELONGUM. Dill.

On stones and banks, and at roots of trees in damp shady places— com-
mon in Derry, Antrim, and Down. 10-2.

H. Stokesii, Turner, which is now considered as only a form of the preceding,
occurs in woods in several localities.

47. H. PILIFERUM. Vaill.

Damp rocky banks in glens-frequent. “ Occurs with fruit near Belfast.”
—Templeton, Flora Hibemica. Glynn near Larne, Glenoe, Woodbum, Carr s
Glen near Belfast (Antrim); Banbridge, Newtownards Glen (Down).—
S . A. S. Fruit very rare.

48. ,H. myosuroides. Linn.

At roots of trees, and on stones in damp places— not rare. “ Frequent in
Co. Antrim.”— Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. Carndaisy Glen (Derry) ;
Kilwaughter, Woodburn, Knockagh (Antrim) ; Portavo Wood (Down).—

S.A.S. 1 1-2.

49. H. STRIATUM. Hedw.

Woods, shady banks, and sometimes on trees— common. “ Shady ban s
and woods through the Co. Antrim.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dub m.
Moneymore (Derry) ; Glynn, Woodburn, Colin Glen, Derriaghy (Antrim) ,
Ballylesson, Banbridge, Ballynahinch (Down). — S.A.S. 11-2.

5o

Stewart— List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland.

50. Hypnum plumosum. Swartz.

Frequent on wet rocks, and on stones in mountain streams. “ On moist
stones and banks in Co. Antrim — not rare.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin.
Moneymore (Derry) ; Agnew’s Hill, Woodburn, Belfast Hills, Colin Glen
(Antrim) ; Ballyoran, Slieve Croob (Down). — S.A.S. 10-2.

51. H. populeum. Hedw.

Frequent on stones, more rarely on trees. Sallagb Braes near Larne,
Kilroot, Woodburn, Knockagh, Carnmoney Hill, Belfast Hills (Antrim) ;
hills near Holy wood and Newtownards (Down). — S.A.S. 11-2.

52. H. RUTABULUM. Linn.

Damp banks, on stones, on the ground, and sometimes on walls and trees
— abundant everywhere. 10-3.

53. H. velutinum. Linn.

On stones, hedge banks, walls, and sometimes on trees — common in
Derry, Antrim, and Down. 11-2.

54. H. albicans. Dill.

“ Glenarm, and through the county of Antrim.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc.
Dublin. This moss occurs on sandy shores all round the Down coast, but
always barren. — S.A.S.

55. H. GLAREOSUM. Bruch.

“On a moist meadow in Glenaan, Co. Antrim, but rare.” — Moore, Herb.
Coll. Sc. Dublin. On ditch bank west of Carrick Junction Station (Antrim);
barren. — S.A.S. Probably not rare, but easily overlooked.

56. H. LUTESCENS. Dill.

Rare. “ Moist boggy places in Co. Antrim.”— Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc.
Dublin. In old chalk quarry at Springhill, Moneymore (Derry) ; in fruit
Dec. 26, 1872. — S.A.S.

57. H. TAMARISCINUM. Hedw.

In shady glens, and on damp banks in woods and hedges — very common..

11-12.

58. Leskea sericea. Dill.

On rocks, stones, trees, walls, and dry banks — frequent through Derr y,,
Antrim, and Down. 11-2.

Stewart — List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland. 51

59. Climacium dendroides. Web. and Mohr.

Wet mountain pastures, marshy meadows, and lake shores — frequent in
Derry, Antrim, and Down. A species easily recognised, but I have not found
it in fruit.

60. ISOTHECIUM MYURUM. Dill.

On rocks, stones, trees, and banks in woods and glens — common in Deny,
Antrim, and Down. 1 1- 1.

61. Pterogonium gracile. Swartz.

Rare. In some quantity on trap rocks near summit of Ballygally Head
( Antrim). — S. A. S.

62. P. filiforme. Hedw.

“ On rocks near Ballygally Head, and other places in Co. Antrim.
Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin.

63. Anomodon viticulosus. Hook, and Tayl.

On chalk and basalt rocks — not uncommon. “ Frequent on limestone
rocks; in fruit at Ballygally Head, Feb., 1837.”— Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc.
Dublin. Abundant in several localities in Co. Antrim, but I have not found
it in fruit. — S. A. S.

64. Antitrichia curtipendula. B ridel.

Rare. “ Summit of Colin Mountain, Belfast range.” Mr. J. H. Davies,
Phytologist, New Series, Vol. III.

•65. An^ctangium compactum. Schwaeg.

“Frequent in northern glens, Carnlough, June, 1838.” — Moore, Herb.
Coll. Sc. Dublin.

66. Fissidens taxifolius. Hedw.

Wet banks in woods and glens, and crevices of rocks— frequent. Larne,
Belfast Hills (Antrim); Holywood Hills, Slieve Croob (Down). — S. A.S.

1 1 -2.

-67. F. ADIANTOIDES. Hedw.

Damp shady rocks, wet heaths and banks, sometimes in bogs— rather
frequent. “ Glenariff, Cushendall, &c.”— Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin.
Moneymore (Derry) ; Sallagh Braes, Agnew’s Hill, Kilwaughter, Belfast Hills,
Colin Glen (Antrim) ; Cregagh Glen, Drumbo Glen (Down).— S. A.S.
Fruit scarce. 12-4.

52

Stewart — List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland.

68. Fissidens bryoide^ Hedw.

Sides of streams, and shady hedge banks— very common. 11-3.

69. F. incurvis. Schwaeg. non Br. and Schimp.

Very rare. In some plenty on a fallen mass of greensand rock on
Black Mountain, near Whiterock, west of Belfast. On damp chalk rocks in
Redhall Glen, near Ballycarry (Antrim).— S. A. S. The specimens are in

good fruit, and this very minute moss may possibly prove to be the F. pusillus ,
Wils. , of which I have not seen any specimens. Not found elsewhere in Ireland.

70. Tayloria serrata. Br. and Schimp.

Very rare. On the 13th July, 1868, I met with one patch of this rare and
interesting moss growing on cow-dung in boggy ground near the summit of
Benbradagh Mountain, above Dungiven, Co. Derry. The moss was at that
time only commencing to fruit, but one stem having a mature capsule. The
only Irish station.

71. Tetraplodon mnioides. Br. and Schimp.

Marshy ground on mountains— rare. On the summits of Slieve Donard

and Slieve Bingian in the Mourne range (Down). — S.A.S. 6-7.

72. Splachnum sphcericum. Hedw.

On decomposing cow-dung on mountain bogs — not rare. Benbradagh
(Derry) ; wet heath above Carnlough, Cave Hill, Black Mountain (Antrim) \
abundant on Slieve Croob (Down). — S.A.S. 6-7.

73. S. AMPULLACEUM. Linn.

Occupies similar habitats, but is less frequent than No. 72. “ Rasharkin

and Glenravel.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. Knockagh and Cave Hill
(Antrim). —S.A.S. 5'6*

74. Bartramia ithyphylla. Bridcl.

Dry rocks — rare. “Rocks above Carrickfergus.” — Moore, Herb. Coll..
Sc. Dublin. Basaltic cliffs, Knockagh ; on basalt, Black Mountain (Antrim).
—S.A.S.

75. B. OEderi. Gunner.

Rare. “Deer Park, Glenarm ; Colin Glen.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc.
Dublin.

76. B. Halleriana. Hedw.

Rare. “At Colin Glen, near Belfast.” — Flor. Hib.

near the top.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin.

“ At Colin Glen,

Stewart— List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland.

53

77. BARTRAMIA POM1FORMIS. Hedw.

Sandy banks and dry rocks —not rare. “Frequent in the glens of Antrim.”
Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. Blemish Mountain, Woodburn Glen (An-
trim) ; Ballylesson, abundant and fine in Drumbo Glen, in crevices of granite
rocks on Slieve Donard (Down). — S.A.S. 4-5.

78. B. CALCAREA. Br. and Schimp.

Not common. Damp places, Belfast Hills (Antrim); marshy margin of
stream at upper end of Holywood Glen (Down). — S.A.S. 7-8.

79. B. FONTANA. Bridel .

Wet places in hilly districts— common from the Sperrin range in Tyrone
and Derry, to the Mourne Mountains in Down. 6-7.

80. B. arcuata. Bridel.

Common among heath on mountains and hills through Derry, Antrim, and.
Down ; found in fruit by Dr. Moore near Carrickfergus. I have not met with
it in that state.

81. Physcomitrium pyriforme. Br. and Schimp.

Marshy ground, and furrows of sandy and gravelly fields— not uncommon..

« < Glenariff. ” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. The Plains, and Ormeau Park,
Belfast ; Kilroot, Loughmourne, Black Mountain, Lisburn (Antrim); Portavo,
Dromore (Down). — S.A.S. 4-6.

82. P. FASCICULARE. Br. and Schimp.

Damp pasture fields on clay and gravel — scarce. “ Giant’s Causeway, The
Glens, and near Belfast.”— Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II., Vol. I.,
No. 8. Whitehead, Kilroot (Antrim) ; Ballymachan, Sydenham (Down).—
S.A.S. 4-6.

83. Entosthodon Templetoni. Schwaeg.

“Abundant by the sides of rivers in northern glens.”— Moore, Herb. Coll.
Sc. Dublin. Not common in the southern part of the Co. Antrim; I have not
yet met with it. — S.A.S.

84. Funaria hygrometrica. Hedw.

On walls, waste ground, and dry heaths. This cosmopolitan moss is in.
profusion everywhere throughout the district. 2-7.

var. B. patula. On wall, Castlereagh Hill (Down). — S.A.S.

54

Stewart — List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland.

.85. Funaria Muhlenbergii. Schwaeg.

“On limestone soil, Deer Park, Cave Hill, Belfast.”— Moore, Herb. Coll.
Sc. Dublin.

86. Amblyodon dealbatus. Beauv.

“Mountains in the North of Ireland.” — Templeton, Flor. Hib. “ On a
flow-bog in the parish of Rasharkin, 1837.”— Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad.,
Series II., Vol. I., No. 8.

87. Mnium subglobosum. Br. and Schimp.

Wet peat bogs — rare. Carrickfergus Commons, and margin of Lough
Mourne in the same locality, Cave Hill (Antrim). — S.A.S. 2-4. Not known
elsewhere in Ireland. This moss must be sought, at the expense of damp feet,
in the wettest parts of the bog, where it fruits, but not abundantly, under tufts
of sedge and coarse grass.

.88. M. punctatum. Hedw.

River banks, and wet rocks in mountainous districts — frequent. Slemish,
Sallagh Braes, Belfast Hills (Antrim); Mourne Mountains (Down).— S.A.S.
Very luxuriant specimens are found. 11-5.

89. M. undulatum. Hedw.

Shady banks near streams, and in glens — frequent from Slieve Gallion to
Slieve Donard, but not usually abundant. The only occasion on which I found
This moss in fruit was in Feb., 1866.

90. M. hornum. Linn.

On shady hedge-banks, and in woods— common, and very large. 3-5.

91. M. rostratum. Schwaeg.

On wet rocks and stones near streams — not common. Colin Glen, and
other glens in the Belfast Hills. — S.A.S. An elegant moss, and fruiting
abundantly. 3-5.

•92. Bryum roseum. Schreb.

Very rare. “On dry rocks in the Little Deer Park, Glenarm ; barren.
— Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin.

93. B. Zierii. Dicks.

Mountains — very rare. “ Clontygearagh, near Cushendun, Antrim.” — -
Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II., Vol. I., No. 8. Very sparingly on
basaltic cliffs at Sallagh Braes, near Larne (Antrim). — S.A.S. My specimens
are barren.

Stewart — List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland. 55

94. Bryum argenteum. Linn.

On walls, roofs of houses, roadsides, and waste ground— very common,
and may be found in fruit nearly the whole year round.

Var. C. lanatum.

This form seems to prevail here. I have specimens from several localities
that answer the description.

95. B. julaceum. Sm.

“Abundant in Glendun ; in fruit July, 1836.”— Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc.
Dublin.

96. B. erythrocarpon. Bridel. non Schwaeg. B. atropurpureum. Web.

and Mohr.

On walls, waste ground, and quarry heaps— frequent. Cave Hill Quarries,
and several places near Belfast, and Lisburn (Antrim) ; Newtownards, Millisle,
Dundrum (Down). — S.A.S. 4-7*

97. B. sanguineum. Ludw. B. erythrocarpon. Schwaeg.

Walls — not common. Very fine and abundant on old wall between Do-
naghadee and Millisle (Down).— S.A.S. In fruit 25th April, 1874.

98. B. C-iESPlTlclUM. Linn.

Belfast Hills, and common in many places, but not nearly so abundant as
its near ally No. 99.

99. B. CAPILLARE. Hedw.

On walls, trees, rocks, and dry banks — very common. 1-6.

100. B. intermedium.' Bridel.

Gravelly shores of Lough Neagh (Antrim) ; and gravel bank at Ballyma-
chan (Down) ; near Belfast.

101. B. INCLINATUM. Br. and Schimp.

People’s Park, Belfast.

102. B. cernuum. Hedw.

On walls — not uncommon. Toome (Derry) ; near Lisburn (Antrim).
The distribution of this, and the two preceding species, is imperfectly known.

E

Stewart — List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland.

103. Bryum pallens. Swartz.

Banks of streams, and in boggy places— not common. “ Banks of stream
above Colin Glen.”— Mr. J. H. Davies, Phytologist, Vol. III. Sluggada Bum
at Dart Mountain (Derry) ; not rare in the same range, rising to 1,400 feet.
Wet bog at Duneane, near Randalstown (Antrim). — S.A.S. 6-7.

104. B. alpinum. Linn.

Mountain heaths— frequent. Slieve Gallion (Derry) ; Slemish, Agnew’s
Hill, Divis Mountain (Antrim) ; descending to near the sea level on Slieve
Donard (Down).— S.A.S. All barren. Dr. Moore found it in fruit on Carrick-
fergus Commons in June, 1836.

105. B. pseudo-triquetrum. Schwaeg.

Wet rocky places, and banks of streams in the hills— rare. On Slemish
Mountain, and on wet basaltic rocks in Colin Glen (Antrim) ; on slate rocks
in Newtownards Glen, old quarry at Ballymachan, wet rocks on Slieve Don-
ard (Down). — S.A.S. 5-7.

106. B. Wahlenbergii. Schwaeg.

Dripping rocks and wet stony places— not common. “ The Glens near
Cushendall Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II., Vol. I., No. 8. Prospect
Hill, Lisburn.— Mr. J. Creeth. Crow Glen near Belfast (Antrim) ; Bally-
machan, Banbridge (Down). — S.A.S. 4-5*

107. B. carneum. Linn.

Sides of drains and streams, and on rocky river banks— not rare. “Banks
of small rivulet at Ballintoy.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. Woodbum,
Belfast Hills, Lisburn (Antrim) ; Ballymachan Glen (Down).— S.A.S. 3-5.

108. B. nutans. Schreb.

Bogs and wet heaths — frequent. “ Slemish.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc.
Dublin. Woodburn, Belfast Hills, Lisburn (Antrim) ; rising to 1,600 feet on
Slieve Croob, and to over 2,000 on Slieve Donard (Down). — S.A.S. 4-5.

109. B. crudum. Schreb.

“ On a flow bog, in the parish of Rasharkin, Antrim, 1837.” — Moore,
Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II., Vol. I., No. 8. “ Carnlough Glen near the

Waterfall.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin.

no. Aulacomnion palustre. Schwaeg.

Marshy heaths and wet peat bogs— frequent. Slieve Gallion (Derry) ;

Stewart — List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland.

57

shores of Lough Neagh, Duneane near Randalstown, Slemish, Tardree,
Sallagh Braes, Carrickfergus Commons, King’s Moss, Belfast Hills (Antrim) ;
Moneyreagh, Conlig, Slieve Croob (Down). — S.A.S. 5-6.

111. POLITRICHUM PIL1FERUM. Schreb.

Dry turfy banks — common from the Derry and Tyrone Mountains to the
Mourne range in Down ; rising to 2,000 feet. 4-6.

1 12. P. JUNIPERINUM. Hedw.

“Frequent on banks in northern glens.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin.
Near Lisburn (Antrim). — Mr. J. Creeth. Ballygally Head (Antrim) ; near
Banbridge (Down). — S.A.S.

1 13. P. commune. Linn.

On heaths and bogs — common everywhere. Rising to summit of Slieve
Donard (Down) 2,796 feet. 4-6.

1 14. P. gracile. Menzies.

“Turf bogs — common in Ireland.” — Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II.,
Vol I., No. 8. Tardree (Antrim) ; Conlig (Down). — S.A.S. I have also met
with this moss at Tartaraghan, Co. Armagh ; probably passed by as a small
form of P. commune , which it resembles.

1 15. POGANATUM ALPINUM. Budel.

Heaths and bogs— frequent. “ Slemish.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dub-
lin. Abundant on the Sperrin Mountains in Derry and Tyrone ; bogs at Toome
(Derry) ; Knockagh, Belfast Hills (Antrim). 5-7.

1 1 6. P. URNIGERUM. Bridel.

Heaths, and sandy and gravelly banks— frequent. “Banks in Glendun,
and other places in Co. Antrim.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. Near Lis-
burn.— Mr. J. Creeth. Knocklayd, Whitehead, Belfast Hills (Antrim); Castle-
reagh Hill, Slieve Croob, Slieve Donard (Down). — S.A.S. 12-2.

1 1 7. P. Aloides. Bridel.

Dry shady banks, especially in heathy places —common in Derry, Antrim,
and Down. 10-3.

1 18. P. NANUM. Bridel, non Weiss.

Sandy and gravelly banks, and dry heaths— frequent. Old quarry, Castle-
dawson (Derry) ; Sallagh Braes, Slieve True, Black Mountain, Derriaghy,

Stewart— List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland.

Newforge (Antrim) ; Sydenham, Castlereagh Hill, Slieve Donard, Banbridge
(Down). — S.A.S. The variety longisetum occurs in the People’s Park, Belfast ;
it prevails most, however, on mountain heaths — the typical form on sandy banks.
Small forms of the preceding are sometimes taken for this species.

1 19. Avtriciium undulatum. Beaur.

Woods and shady banks— common everywhere. 1 1-2.

120. Tetradontium Brownianum. Schwaeg.

“Ina glen near Ballycastle ; in fine fruit July, 1835.”— Moore, Proc. R.
I. Acad., Series II., Vol. I., No. 8. “ Glenmakerron, Ballyvally, June, 1836.”

— Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin.

1 2 1. Tetraphis pellucida. Hedw.

Very rare. “Glenariff, Co. Antrim.” — Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad.,
Series II., Vol. I., No. 8.

122. Zygodon conoideus. Dicks.

“On trees, Orange Grove, near Belfast, Templeton.” — Flor. Hib.
“Rare, only observed on trees in Glenarm Deer Park.” — Moore, Herb.
Coll. Sc. Dublin.

123. Z. rupestris. Schimp. Z. Stirtoni. Schimp , MS. = Z. viridissimus,

Var. B. rupestris.

Very rare. This interesting addition to the Irish moss-flora was found by
me on basaltic rocks, by the stream in the little glen at Glenoe, between Car-
rickfergus and Larne. The tuft was in good fruit in Feb. , 1875. I also found
it in the barren state in crevices of rocks on the shore at Portavo, Co. Down.
I am indebted to Mr. Hobkirk, who pointed out to me that my moss was not
Z. viridissimus , as I then thought.

124. Z. Mougeottii. Br. and Schimp.

Rare. “ A solitary stem with fruit was found near the head of Glenbally-
eman, Cushendall, in June, 1863.” — Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II.,
Vol. I., No. 8. “Colin Glen.”— Mr. J. H. Davies, Phyto., N.S., Vol. III.

125. Orthotrichum phyllanthum. Br. and Schimp.

On trees, and occasionally on stones and rocks — very common, but always
barren.

Stewart — List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland. 59

126. Orthotrichum Drummondii. Hook, and Grev.

On trees — very rare. In Dec., 1869, I found in Colin Glen, near Belfast,
one small tuft that seems without doubt to belong to this species, though the
capsules were far advanced.

127. O. Bruchii. Bridel.

On trees — not common. “Colin Glen, sparingly.” — Mr. J. H. Davies,
Phytologist, N. S., Vol. III. Near Ballycastle, on bushes plentifully in little
glen near Glenoe (Antrim). — S.A.S.

128. O. crispum. Hedw.

Abundant on trees and bushes throughout the district. 6-11.

129. O. saxatile. Bridel. O. anomalum. Bryol. Brit.

On limestone, basalt, and other rocks — frequent, and usually in abundance.
“ Frequent on white limestone rocks in Co. Antrim.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc.
Dublin. Sperrin Mountains (Derry) ; Larne, Carrickfergus Commons, Bel-
fast Hills (Antrim). — S.A.S. 3-5.

130. O. pulchellum. Sm.

On trees and bushes — frequent, but not abundant. More commonly found
in little tufts on branches of bushes that overhang streams. “ On trees, Glen-
arm, and other places in Co. Antrim.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin.
Near Lisburn. — Mr. J. Creeth. On beech trees growing on rath at Rookstown
between Moneymore and Slieve Gallion (Derry) ; on blackthorn at Glenoe,
on hazel bushes Cave Hill and Colin Glen (Antrim) ; on branches of Guelder
rose Dundonald Glen (Down). — S.A.S. 2-5.

13 1. O. LEIOCARPUM. Br. and Schimp. -

On trees — not common. “ Glenarm Demesne, and near Ballycastle.” —
Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. On beech trees in planting at Drumcormick
at foot of Slieve Gallion above Moneymore (Derry) ; Redhall Glen and Cave
Hill (Antrim) ; Belvoir Park (Down). — S.A.S. 3-5.

132. O. DIAPHANUM. Schrad.

On trees, and on stones — common. Blackhead, Kilroot, Whitehouse,
Colin Glen (Antrim) ; Moira, Drumbo Glen, Newtownbreda (Down). — S.A.S.
i-5-

133. O. Lyellii. Hook, and Tayl.

On trees — not common. Glenarm Park ; near the Lagan at Shaw’s Bridge
(Antrim) ; Belvoir Park and Banbridge (Down) ; all barren. — S.A.S.

6o

Stewart— List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland.

134. Orthotrichum rupestre. Schleich.

Rare. “On basaltic rocks near the Giant’s Causeway, 1837 ; Fairhead,
Antrim.” — Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II., Vol.' I., No. 8.

135. O. affine. Schrad.

On trees, and sometimes on stones — very common throughout the district.

3-6.

136. O. Sturmii. Hop. and Hornsch.

Rare. “Fairhead, Antrim.” — Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II.,
Vol. I., No. 8.

137. O. CUPULATUM. Hoffm.

On rocks, but more often on stones in streams — not rare, abundant where
it occurs. “ On rocks at Fairhead.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. Glynn
near Larne, Kilroot, Glenoe, North Woodburn stream, in a little stream near
Trench House The Falls (Antrim).— S. A. S. 1-5. A fine moss, with gla-
brous inflated veil, and large nearly globular sporangium : all the specimens
I have met with belong to the var. nudum , and are very different in aspect from
what we expect from descriptions of this species.

138. Ptychomitrium polyphyllum. Br. and Schimp.

On rocks and stones in hilly districts, and sometimes on bushes— very
abundant from the Derry mountains to the Mourne range. 11-4.

139. Glyphomitrium Daviesii. Schwaeg.

On basaltic and granitic rocks — rare. “ On rocks at Fairhead.”— Flor.
Hib. “ On the basalt at Giant’s Causeway, also at Fairhead and Rathlin
Island, Antrim.”— Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II., Vol. I., No. 8.
Abundant at the “Grayman’s Path” Fairhead; on trap rocks, Ballygalley
Head (Antrim); on granite rocks, Slieve Donard (Down).— S.A.S.

140. Racomitrium canescens. Bridel.

Stony heaths, and sandhills— not uncommon. ‘ ‘ Frequent on rocks through
Co. Antrim.”— Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. Carrickfergus Commons,
Woodburn, Belfast Hills (Antrim) ; stony heath, Newtownards ; sandhills,
Newcastle (Down). — S.A.S. 1-3.

141. R. lanuginosum. Bridel.

Mountain heaths — common in Antrim, Derry, and Down. At 1,700 feet
on Slieve Croob, and over 2,500 on Slieve Donard (Down). 11-4.

Stewart — List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland.

6i

142. Racomitrium heterostichum. Bridel.

Rocks and stones on the hills — very common, from the mountains of Derry
to those of Down. 11-3.

143. R. FASCICULARE. Bridel.

On rocks and stones in mountainous districts — common from Slieve Gallion
(Derry), to Slieve Donard (Down). 11-3.

144 R. sudeticum. Br. and Schimp.

Rocks on mountains— rare. “ Sparingly on Slemish.” — Moore, Herb.

Coll. Sc. Dublin. Abundant on granite rocks Slieve Donard, from 1,000 feet
to the summit, on the earn at the top of Slieve Croob (Down). — S.A.S. 3-4.

145. R. ACICULARE. Bridel.

On wet rocks, and on stones in streams in hilly regions — common in Derry,
Antrim, and Down. 11-4.

146. R. ellipticum. Br. and Schimp.

On rocks— rare. “ On rocks at Fairhead.” — Flor. Hib. “Abundant on
Fairhead and Slemish.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. Meenard Mountain
(Derry). — S.A.S. I find this species still intermixed at Fairhead with G. Daviesii,
as mentioned by Dr. Taylor in Flor. Hib. On Slemish it is in considerable
abundance.

147. R. patens. Bridel.

Very rare. “In large tufts on Slemish Mountain ; barren.” — Moore, Herb.
Coll. Sc. Dublin. I have seen it on Slemish, but not in fruit. — S.A.S.

148. Grimmia leucophea. Grev.

Rare. “ On trap rocks near the Giant’s Causeway, Antrim ; also, on a
similar rock in the island of Rathlin, 1837.” — Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad.,
Series II., Vol. I., No. 8.

149. G. ovata. Web. and Mohr.

Mountain rocks — very rare. In October, 1873, I found a few little tufts of
this moss in fruit, on stones at the summit of Sallagh Braes, near Larne (An-
trim) ; this is the only known instance of its occurrence in the North of
Ireland.

62

Stewart— List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland.

150. Grim mia trichophylla. Grev.

Very rare. “On rocks at Fairhead, Antrim.” — Moore, Proc. R. I.
Acad., Series II., Vol. I., No. 8.

15 1. G. funalis. Schwaeg. G. spiralis. Hook . and Tayl.

On mountains — not uncommon. “ Slemish, and Agnew’s Hill.” Moore,
Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. On trap rocks, Benbradagb (Derry) ; Slemish,
Sallagh Braes (Antrim) ; on granite rocks, Slieve Donard (Down).— S.A.S.
Abundant in all these places, but barren.

152. G. robusta. Fergusson.

Very rare. “Fairhead, Antrim, 1862.”— Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad.,
Series II., Vol. I., No. 8.

153. G. Schultzii. Bridel.

Mountain rocks— rare. “On the top of Fairhead, Antrim.”— Moore,
Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II., Vol. I., No. 8. In some plenty on detached
blocks of granite, Slieve Donard (Down).— S.A.S. 3-4.

154. G. pulvinata. Sm.

On rocks, walls, and stone dykes— very common at sea level, and on
mountains. 11-4*

Var. B. obtusa. With shorter capsules, and short blunt lid, is plentiful on
basaltic cliffs at the Knockagh near Carrickfergus (Antrim).

155. G. maritima. Br. and Schimp.

Abundant on maritime rocks all round our coast. n*3*

156. G. apocarpa. Br. and Schimp.

On rocks and stones in damp places ; abundant and generally distributed
in Derry, Antrim, and Down. 11-3.

Var. C. rivulare. Frequent on stones in streams.

157. G. conferta. Br. and Schimp.

On amygdaloidal trap — not rare near Belfast. “ On rotten trap rocks
near Belfast.” — Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II., Vol. I., No. 8. Cave
Hill, Knockagh, &c. (Antrim).— S.A.S. Our plant, which is the var. incana,
approaches the preceding in characters ; all the leaves are piliferous, with long
hair points, giving the tufts a hoary aspect.

Stewart — List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland. 63

158. Hedwigium imberbe. Br. and Schimp.

“ Fairhead, Antrim, very fine, May, 1854.” — Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad.,
Series II., Vol. I., No. 8. On trap rocks near summit of Ballygally Head
(Antrim). - S.A.S.

159. Hedwigia ciliata. Hedw.

Rocks and stones ; abundant on the hills from Slieve Gallion (Derry) to
the Mourne Mountains (Down) ; ascending to 1,600 feet. 3-5.

160. Encalypta streptocarpa. Hedw.

Rare. “Glenarm, and wall of Deer Park, Belfast.” — Moore, Herb. Coll.
Sc. Dublin. Wall near Castle Robin (Antrim). — Mr. J. Creeth. Not found in
fruit.

161. E. ciliata. Hedw.

In crevices of damp shady rocks — rare. ‘ ‘ Benbradagh (Derry) ; Lurige-
than, Agnew’s Hill (Antrim).” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. In small
quantity on basaltic cliffs, Sallagh Braes (Antrim). — S.A.S. 7-9.

162. E. vulgaris. Hedw.

“Lurigethan — rare.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin.

163. ClNCLIDOTUS FONTINALOIDES. Beauv.

On stones in streams and lakes — frequent. “ Common in Antrim.” —
Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. Shores of Lough Neagh, Bushmills, Glen-
arm, Glynn, Kilroot, Woodburn, Six-mile Water, Colin Glen (Antrim) ; New-
townards Glen (Down). — S.A.S.

164. Tortula tortuosa. Hedw.

In dense swollen tufts, on rocks in shady places — frequent, most abundant
on basalt. Slemish, Sallagh Braes, Knockagh, Belfast Hills (Antrim) ; New-
townards Glen, and on granite cliffs Slieve Donard (Down). — S.A.S. Barren.

165. T. subulata. Bridel.

Dry banks, especially sand. Common in Derry, Antrim, and Down.

166. T. LATIFOLIA. Br. and Schimp.

At roots of trees in damp places — rare. Margin of the Lagan near Lis-
burn.— Mr. J. H. Davies. Sparingly on a willow tree in the Bog Meadows
near Belfast. — S.A.S. Barren,

Stewart — List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland.

167. Tortula intermedia. Bridel.

On rocks and stones — not rare. On trap rocks Blackhead, on trap and
limestone Knockagh and Black Mountain, limestone at Waterloo near Larne
(Antrim), intermixed with T. Itzvipila. On slate roofs in Ballywalter (Down). —

S.A.S. 3-4.

168. T. L/EV1PILA. Bridel .

On trees and rocks, sometimes on walls — frequent. On limestone walls
Moneymore, in fine fruit on sycamore tree at Magherafelt (Derry) November,
1874, on trees at Kilwaughter, on trap and limestone rocks Larne, Island-
magee, Black Mountain (Antrim) ; on trees at Purdysburn (Down).—
S.A.S. 1-4.

169. T. RURALIS. Dill.

Sandy sea shores, roofs of houses, and sometimes on rocks— abundant in
many places, but usually barren. Near Castle Robin, Lisburn.— Mr. J. Creeth.
Sands at Red Bay (Antrim) ; on thatched roofs near Comber, Dromore, and
Banbridge (Down) ; abundant on sandy shores and dunes all round the coast
of Down. — S.A.S.

170. T. princeps. De Notr.

“Rare in Ireland; on the basaltic rocks in Deer Park, Glenarm.” —
Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II., Vol. I. No. 8/

1 71. T. FALLAX. Hedw.

Wet clay banks, old quarries, and sometimes on rocks — common. 12-3.

172. T. rigidula. Mitt.

Rare. “Banks by the sea at Dunluce Castle.”— Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc.
Dublin.” “The Glens, Antrim.”— Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II.,
Vol. I., No. 8. Castle Robin, Lisburn (Antrim).— Mr. J. Creeth.

173. T. insulana. De Notr. T. vinealis, Var. b. flaccida. Bryol. Brit.

Wet places, and at roots of trees— rare. On stones in stream, Kilroot, in
fruit, April, 1874 ; at root of tree, Derriaghy (Antrim) ; barren.— S.A.S.

174. T. vinealis. Bridel.

Rare. Near Lisburn.— Mr. J. H. Davies, Phytologist, N. S., Vol. III.
Roadside, Derriaghy near Lisburn (Antrim); at base of Slieve Croob (Down).—
S.A.S.

Stewart — List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland. 65

175. Tortula hornschuchiana. Schultz .

Very rare. ‘ ‘ On the walls of the old castle at Carrickfergus, Co. Antrim.” — •
Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II., Vol. I., No. 8. I have collected a moss
growing on Carrick Castle, which seems to be this species, but I could find no
fruit. Dr. Moore inlorms me that this moss was named T. gracilis by the late
Dr. Taylor.

176. T. revoluta. Schwaeq.

On walls — common. Carrickfergus, many places about Belfast, Derriaghy
(Antrim) ; Donaghadee, Carrowdore (Down). — S.A.S. 4-5.

177. T. CONYOLUTA. Hedw.

Old walls and quarry debris — not uncommon, abundant where it occurs.
Knockagh (Antrim) ; wall on Castlereagh Hill, quarry heaps Moira, in the
greatest profusion on old walls near Legacurry, Hillsborough, walls Ban-
bridge (Down). — S.A.S. 4-6.

178. T. UNGUICULATA. Hedw.

Clay banks, stone dykes, quarry heaps, and sometimes on walls — very
common. 12-4.

179. T. muralis. limm.

Walls and rocks — the commonest moss in the district. 1-5.

Var. D. rupestris. A well marked form, and usually much larger — fre-
quent on rocks in hilly districts.

180. T. LAMELLATA. Lindb. Pottia cavifolia, var. gracilis. Bryol. Brit.

In small quantity on ditch bank by roadside between Millisle and Bally-
waiter (Down). — S.A.S. In fruit, 2nd February, 1874.

181. T. aloides. Br. and Schimp.

Clay banks and walls — not common. On trap debris near Blackhead and
the Gobbins, ditch bank a little north of Trooper’s Lane Station (Antrim) .
wall of bridge close to Dundonald Station, wall Ballylesson, clay bank near
Drum Bridge, stone dyke People’s Park, clay bank on roadside near
Groomsport (Down). — S.A.S. 9-1.

182. T. ambigua. Wils.

Debris of rocks, and sometimes on ditch banks. Squire’s Hill. — Mr. H.
Knight. Limestone debris, Whitewell ; on new red sandstone, Derriaghy (An-

66

Stewart — List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland.

trim) ; ditch bank at foot of Scrabo Hill, Castlereagh Hill (Down). — S.A.S.
io-i.

183. Tortula stellata. Schreb. T. rigida. Shultz.

“In Colin Grlen, a little above the new bridge, April, 1838.” — Moore,
Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin.

Tortula papillosa. Wils. Mr. J. H. Davies, of Glenmore, believes that
he found this species on trees near Lisburn ; but inasmuch as he has not preserved
any specimens, it had better remain over for confirmation.

184. Trichostomum Crispulum. Bruch.

On rocks — rare. “ Sparingly at Black Cave near Larne.” — Moore, Herb.
Coll. Sc. Dublin. In small quantity on stone dyke at Sallagh Braes (Antrim).
In fruit, October, 1874, — S.A.S.

185. T. brachydontium. Bruch. T. mutabile. Br. and Schimp.

“ It occurs in considerable abundance on the basaltic rocks of Antrim, but
generally barren.” — Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II., Vol. I., No. 8.

186. T. TOPHACEUM. Bridel.

Wet rocks and boggy heaths — not rare. “ Moist banks near Dunluce, &c.
—Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. “The Glens, Antrim.”— Moore, Proc.
R. I. Acad., Series II., Vol. I., No. 8. Bog on Benbradagh Mountain
(Derry); rocks in stream Glenariff, wet rocks near Glynn, and at Woodburn
Glen (Antrim) ; wet rocks Bangor (Down). — S.A.S. 12-4.

187. T. tortile. Schrad. Ditrichum pusillum. Timm.

“ Near Belfast. Templeton, afterwards Drummond.” — Flor. Hib. “In
the late Mr. Templeton’s garden, Cranmore, Belfast, 1837.” — Moore, Proc. R.
I. Acad., Series II., Vol. I., No. 8.

188. T. HOMOMALLUM. Br. and Schimp.

Rare. Abundant and in fine fruit on decomposing granite by side
Sluggada stream near Dart Mountain (Derry), July, 1869 — S.A.S.

189. Didymodon cylindricus. Br. and Schimp.

Shady and moist rocks — not uncommon. Sallagh Braes, Woodburn,
Knockagh, Belfast Hills (Antrim); Dundonald Glen, Holywood Glen (Down).
— S.A.S. 9-12.

Stewart— List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland. 67

190. Didymodon rubellus. Br. and Schimp.

On walls, quarry heaps, and waste ground — very common in Antrim and
Down. 10-2,

191. Pottia Starkeana. Nees and Hornsch .

Sandy and gravelly fields — not rare. Sydenham, Holywood, Crawfords-
bum, Groomsport (Down). — S.A.S. I have not seen any peristome on our
plant.

192. P. Heimii. Br. and Schimp.

Not rare. Abundant in wet places, and on rocks at, or just above, high-
water mark near Bangor, and several other places on the shores of Belfast
Bay.— S.A.S. 4-5.

193. P. LITTORALIS. Mitt .

Very rare. Sparingly on ditch bank by roadside between Millisle and
Ballywalter (Down). — S.A.S. I collected the specimens as P. Wilsoni. Mr.
Hobkirk has, however, pointed out that they really belong to Mr. Mitten’s
P. littoralis. Not before recognised as Irish.

194. P. truncatula. Linn.

On damp ground, also on ditch banks and roadsides — very common
throughout the district. 10-2.

195. Campylopus pyriformis. Bridel. C. torfaceous. Br. and Sckimp.

Bogs and wet heaths — not rare. Bog on Benbradagh (Derry) ; Divis
Mountain near Belfast (Antrim) ; rocky and heathy shore near Groomsport
(Down). — S.A.S. Fruiting in the two former localities. 3-7.

196. C. fragilis. Br. and Schimp.

On peaty banks and grassy heaths — frequent. In fine fruit on Agnew’s
Hill near Lame, also fruiting on Slieve True near Carrickfergus (Antrim);
Conlig and Slieve Croob (Down). — S.A.S. 12-4.

var. B. densus. Very frequent on mountains and in glens all through the
district. I have not, however, seen it in fruit.

197. C. flexuosus. Bridel.

Rare. “ Fairhead, Antrim.” — Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II., Vol.
I., No. 8. I have only met with specimens on Benbradagh Mountain (Derry),
and Slemish (Antrim). — S.A.S. 5-7.

68

Stewart — List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland.

198. Campylopus alpinus. Schimp.

“ Cushendall, Antrim.”— Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II., Vol. I.,
No. 8.

199. Ceratodon cylindricus. Br. and Schi?np.

Said to have been found near the Botanic Gardens, Belfast. I have not
seen a specimen, nor do I know if any Irish specimens are in existence.

200. C. purpureus. B rid el.

On waste ground, walls, banks, sandhills, and dry heaths— everywhere
abundant. 3-5.

201. Leucobryum glaucum. Hampe.

On heaths— not uncommon. “ In bogs on the mountains— not rare in Co.
Antrim.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. Black Mountain and Mount
Aughrim (Antrim).— Mr. J. Creeth. Conlig, Slieve Donard (Down).—
S.A.S. Barren.

202. Dicranum Bonjeanii. De Notr. D. palustre. Bridel.

Rare. In the Archbishop’s Wood, Portglenone.”— Moore, Herb. Coll.
Sc. Dublin. Near Lisburn. — Mr. J. Creeth.

203. D. majus. Turn.

On damp banks in woods and heaths ~ frequent, but rare in fruit. Coming
into fruit abundantly in Carndaisy Glen near Moneymore (Derry), 23rd Nov.,
1874 ; Belfast Hills (Antrim); Holywood Hills (Down). — S.A.S.

204. D. scoparium. Hedw.

Shady places amongst heath on the hills, and on damp banks in woods and
glens — very common. Fruiting, more or less, at nearly all seasons.

205. D. HETEROMALLUM. Bledw.

In woods and glens, sometimes on heaths and rocks — frequent. Lisburn. —
Mr. J. Creeth. Fairhead, Larne, Cave Hill (Antrim) ; Knock, Portavo,
Slieve Croob— abundant near summit Slieve Donard (Down), at 1,800 feet.—
S.A.S. 10-3.

206. D. subulatum. Hedw.

“ Sides of Marybum rivulet near Belfast, Templeton.” — Flor. Hib. “ In
Glenariff, sparingly.” — Moore, Ilerb, Coll. Sc. Dublin.

Stewart — List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland. 69

207. Dicranum varium. Hedw.

Ditch banks, under trees in woods, and on damp clay ground — very
common. 11-3.

208. D. CERVICU LATUM. Schimp.

In turf bogs — not common. 44 Only observed in a bog near Bruce’s Castle,
Rathlin.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. King’s Moss between Belfast and
Ballyclare (Antrim); Moneyreagh (Down). I also found this moss at Tar-
taraghan in the adjoining Co. of Armagh, and in Tyrone. — S.A.S. 6-7.

209. D. SQUAROSUM. Schimp .

On rocks by streams, and on wet stony heaths — rare. 44 Only observed in
Glenariff.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. Rocky bank of stream, Meenard
Mountain near Dungiven (Derry) ; Slemish Mountain, and heaths on Carrick-
fergus Commons (Antrim) ; on wet rocks Slieve Croob and Slieve Donard
(Down). This latter is a remarkable and beautiful form, with stems three to
four inches long, and very large loose leaf cells. — S.A.S. Barren as far as I

have observed.

210. D. crispum. Schivip.

Rare. 44 Near Belfast, Mr. Templeton.” — Flor. Hib. On damp banks
at Cregagh Glen on Castlereagh Hill (Down). The only locality where I
have met this moss. — S.A.S.

21 1. D. pellucidum. Hedw.

Rocky banks of streams — frequent. 44 Larne, Templeton.” — Flor. Hib.

Glynn, Cave Hill, Colin Glen, and Crow Glen, in Belfast Hills (Antrim);
little glen near Dundonald Station, Castlereagh Glen (Down) — S.A.S. 12-3.

212. Cynodontium Bruntoni. Br. and Schimp.

44 Rare — only in one place in the Little Deer Park, Glenarm, Antrim.” —
Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin.

213. Blindia acuta. Br. and Schimp.

Rare. 4 4 Near Belfast, Templeton.” — Flor. Hib. 44 On wet banks and
near waterfalls in northern glens, and on Slemish.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc.
Dublin. Wet stony heaths, Slieve Croob (Down) — sparingly. — S.A.S.

214. Seligeria CALCAREA. Br. and Schimp.

On chalk rocks — very rare. Occurs in small quantity on fragments of lime-
stone at intervals for about half a mile along the eastern slope of Black Mountain,

70

Stewart— List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland.

Belfast. I have also found it along with the next species on damp chalk rocks
in Colin Glen (Antrim). The only Irish stations.— S. A. S. 3-5.

215. Seligeria pusilla. Br. and Schimp.

In crevices and fissures of chalk rocks— rare. “Near Belfast, Templeton—
very rare.”— Flor. Hib. “Near Belfast at Wolf hill, above the mill, in con-
siderable abundance on the white limestone rocks ; fruiting May, 1837. Also
on shady limestone rocks above Lisburn. This rare and pretty little moss
appears to be confined in Ireland to the white limestone rocks of Antrim.”—
Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II., Vol. I., No. 8. “ Limestone of Sallagh

Braes ; not unfrequent on limestone in Co. Antrim.”— Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc.
Dublin. In small quantity in the Windy Gap in Crow Glen, on the
eastern slopes of Black Mountain Belfast, near the lower waterfall Colin Glen
(Antrim). S.A.S. Fruiting at intervals from April till Oct. inclusive.

216. Rhabdoweissia FUGAX. Br. and Schimp.

Rare. “Sallagh Braes, Antrim; Benevenagh, Derry.”— Moore, Proc.
R. I. A^ad. , Series II., Vol. I., No. 8. “ Slemish and Collon, rare.”—

Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin.

217. Weissia verticillata. Brid.

Rare. Between Larne and Ballygally, occurring in dense tufts on chalk
ocks near the Blackcove Tunnel (Antrim).— S.A.S.

218. W. crispula. Hedw.

Very rare. “ Shady rocks, Ballygally Head.”— Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc.
Dublin. Dr. Moore informs me that he collected the plant in the above
locality in May, 1837; and that is believed to be the only station for it in
Ireland.

219. W. CIRRHATA. Hedw.

“ On wood of the locks of the Lagan Canal, May, 1838.”— Moore, Heib.
Coll. Sc. Dublin.

220. W. CONTROVERSA. Hedw.

On hedge banks, on the ground, and sometimes on rocks— very common
everywhere. 1 2 -4.

221. Gymnostomum microstomum. Hedw.

Gravelly banks, waste ground, and fields— not at all common. Gravel
bank Glenmachan, crevices of rocks on shore at Groomsport, and wet banks
at same place, sandhills Newcastle (Down). S.A.S. 2-6.

Stewart — List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland. 71

222. Gymnostomum curvirostrum. Hedw.

Rare. “Rocks at Fairhead, Mr. Templeton.” — Flor. Hib. “Glen at
Cushendall.” — Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II., Vol. I., No. 8.

223. G. RUPESTRE. Schwceg.

“Glens in Antrim — not rare.” — Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II.,
Vol. I., No. 8.

224. Phascum crispum. Hedw.

“ Banks near Belfast, Templeton.” — Flor. Hib.

225. P. subulatum. Linn.

In fields and on banks, especially where sandy or gravelly — frequent.
Moneymore (Derr}7); Cammoney Hill, White Mountain near Lisburn, New-
forge (Antrim); Sydenham, Glenmachan, Castlereagh Hill, Mealough Hill
(Down).— S. A.S. 2-4.

226. P. nitidum. Hedw.

“ Banks near Belfast, Templeton.”— Flor. Hib. “ Rathlin, Aug., 1836.”
— Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin.

227. P. PATENS. Schimp.

“ On banks near Belfast, Templeton.” — Flor. Hib.

228. P. CUSPIDATUM. Schreb.

‘ ‘ Hedge banks and sandy fields — not very common. Sydenham, Belmont,
Giant’s Ring (Down). — S.A.S. 1-3.

229. P. SERRATUM. Schreb.

“About Belfast — frequent, but rare elsewhere.” — Moore, Proc. R. I.
Acad., Series II., Vol. I., No. 8. “ Rare— Rathlin, Aug., 1836.”— Moore,

Herb. Coll. Sc, Dublin.

230. Sphagnum squarrosum. Pcrsoon.

Bogs. “Not common in Antrim.”— Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin.
In dense masses in wet bog near Moneyreagh (Down). — S.A.S. 6-7.

231. S. subsecundum. Nees and Hornsch.

“Antrim.” — Moore, Proc. R. I. Acad., Series II., Vol. I., No. 8.

F

72

Stewart— List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland.

232. Sphagnum cuspidatum. Ehr .

“Flow-bogs near Cloughmills.” — Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin.
Boggy marsh near Hillsborough (Down). — S. A.S.

233. S. acutifolium. Ehr.

Wet bogs — common throughout the district.

234. S. rubellum. Wils.

Not rare. “ Collected by Templeton in the North.”— Moore, Proc. R. I.
Acad., Series II., Vol. I., No. 8. Belfast Hills (Antrim); Conlig (Down).—
S. A.S.

235. S. CYMBIFOLIUM. Ehr.

Peat bogs — common in Derry, Antrim, and Down. 6-7.

236. Andrea rupestris. Dill. A. Rothii. Web. and Moh.

Rocks on the higher hills and mountains— not uncommon. “ Abundant
through Co. Antrim. ’’-Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. On granite, Slieve
Donard; on slate, Slieve Croob (Down). — S.A.S. 4-7.

237. A. alpina. Dill.

Rocks on the mountains— abundant where it occurs. ‘ ‘ Slemish. ’’—Moore,
Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin. Plentiful on trap Slemish Mountain (Antrim); and
on granite Slieve Donard (Down). — S.A.S. 4" 6 •

238. A. petrophila. Ehr. A. rupestris. Hedw.

Wet mountainous rocks — not rare in such situations. “Abundant on
Slemish, and other Antrim Mountains.”— Moore, Herb. Coll. Sc. Dublin.
Summits of Slieve Gallion (Derry), and Slieve Croob (Down). S.A.S. 4-6.

A LIST OF THE

CRETACEOUS MIGROZOA OF THE NORTH OF IRELAND,

By JOSEPH WRIGHT, F.G.S., F.R.G.S.I.,

Hon. Assoc, of the Belfast Nat. Hist, and Phil. Soc.

From the way in which the Chalk of the North of Ireland has been hardened
by heat and pressure, consequent on the overflow of the Basalt which everywhere
in this country overlies the beds, geologists, until quite recently, had practically
failed to find in our Irish Cretaceous rocks any of those beautiful Microzoa
which so abound in the English Chalk.

So late as 1872 only one solitary Rhizopod had been recorded, viz.,
Orbitolina concava , found by Mr. Ralph Tate, F. G. S , in the Greensand.
Mr. Thomas Galloway, of Belfast, had, however, also found a cast of Dentalina
communis in flint near that place, and Cristellaria rotulata in the Greensand at
Cave Hill, but had not recorded their occurrence. On the 1.3th of November,
1872, a paper was read before the Royal Geological Society of Ireland, by
Professor T. Rupert Jones, F. R. S., on four carefully prepared slides of indurated
Chalk, and one slide of Chalk flint, which were obtained from the North of
Ireland, and had been submitted to him for examination by Professor Hull,
Director of the Geological Survey in Ireland. Prof. Jones recognised in these
specimens various sections of perfect and fragmentary Foraminifera, belonging
to nine different species. In February, 1872, I discovered that the soft powdery
material frequently found inside the cavities that often occur in flint, on being
washed and cleaned, yielded Ostracoda, Foraminifera, and Sponge spicula, in
great profusion; this powder being, in fact, a portion of the old sea bottom of
the Cretaceous times. These tiny forms thus preserved in the flint cavities
have remained uninjured, notwithstanding influences which converted the
surrounding mud into solid limestone. I have since, in company with other
members of the Club, examined personally a large portion of the Chalk area of

74

Wright— List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

the North of Ireland, and in addition, through the kindness of Mr. Wm. Gray,
M.R.I.A., Mr. S. A. Stewart, F.B.S.E., and Mr. Thomas Galloway, have
had an opportunity of examining Chalk powder from 36 different localities
in the Counties of Antrim, Londonderry, and Down. Among the many
specimens collected from these various places, I have recognised, besides Corals
and Polyzoa, 17 species of Ostracoda, 106 species and well marked varieties of
Foraminifera, and 27 forms of Sponge spicula; many of these attain fine propor-
tions, being much larger than those usually obtained from the washings of English
Chalk. The Microzoa, on being placed in hydrochloric acid, were found to
be, either not at all, or but very slightly affected by it, shewing that their
original composition has, to a great extent, been replaced by silica. On account
of the singular resemblance which many of those large flints known as Para-
moudras,” bear to the deep sea siliceous sponge, Holtmia Carpenteria , I was
specially desirous to obtain material from some of them for examination. Owing
to their usually solid nature, this was difficult. I met, however, with several
that were suitable, so that I was enabled to investigate the contents of four
Paramoudras that were fossiliferous. The following is an analysis of those
in question : —

No. 1, from Wolf Hill, near Belfast, 130 Spicula, 57 Foraminifera ; No. 2,
from same locality, 130 Spicula, 8 Foraminifera; No. 3, from Ballytober,
Islandmagee, 5 Spicula, Foraminifera in great numbers ; No. 4, from Sallagh
Braes, near Larne, Spicula in profusion, Foraminifera plentiful. The above
results show that there is no appreciable difference between the contents of
Paramoudras and ordinary flints. Both contain Sponge spicula in more or less
abundance, the “Paramoudras” not being characterised by any special form
of spiculum, which the others do not also contain. The one examined from
Sallagh Braes yielded nearly all the different forms of spicula found in our
Chalk powder, and in this respect closely resembled what was found in a small
ordinary flint at Spring Hill, near Moneymore, Co. Derry ; whilst the “ Para-
moudra” from Ballytober, Islandmagee, though it contained Foraminifera
and Ostracoda in abundance, had but very few spicula. From the general
frequency of spicula in flints there cannot, however, I think, be any doubt but
that most, if not all, of our nodular flints had their origin in a sponge, or
some other soft organism round which the silica aggregated.

The Table given at the end must be considered as only an approximation to the
general distribution of the Cretaceous Microzoa over the districts examined, the
absence of many of the commoner species at some of the localities may be readily
accounted for when we consider the small quantity of powder in some instances
obtained. Thus at Larne, and at Spring Hill, near Moneymore, only a few grain*
of Chalk powder were found, several other localities also yielding but a very
limited supply, whilst the flints at Woodburn quarry, as well as those on the
shore between Blackhead and Gobbins, yielded, at a single visit, several pounds

Wright— List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

75

weight of the material. Chalk flints are usually found hard and solid through-
out, only a small proportion of them having cavities containing Chalk powder.

So far as I have observed, those containing the powder appear to be confined
to flints that have, for some time, been exposed to the action of the weather,
the white material frequently seen in the interior of those newly quarried being
always of a hard nature. I have met with Chalk powder in every stage, from
powder as fine as the finest flour, to a material so hard that it was difficult to •
cut it with a penknife. The flints that contain powder may be readily known
from the solid ones, by having openings from the outside varying much in size,
the only trace at times being a little moss that has taken root on the chalky
material exposed near the surface. It is not intended that the present list of
Microzoa should be considered exhaustive, our knowledge of the contents of
the flints in the North of Ireland is after all but very limited. Many localities
in the northern parts of the Counties of Antrim and Londonderry have yet to
be explored, whilst at several of the stations already examined the search for
Chalk powder has been most cursory, and on several occasions only small
samples of it were collected during hurried visits.

The Cretaceous rocks of the North of Ireland are found invariably underlying
the Basalt, and are usually well exposed at the base of those hills which occupy
the boundary line between it and the sedimentary rocks. They occur as a
narrow belt of White Limestone and Greensand around the great basaltic
plateau which occupies nearly all Co. Antrim and the eastern part of v^o. Derry.

I have given the localities for the Chalk Microzoa in the order in which they
occur, commencing at Magheralin, the most south-westerly point examined ; and
then, in a north-easterly direction, through Lisburn, Belfast, Carriclcfergus,
Islandmagee, to Larne ; then, north and north-west, round the coast to the
Giant’s Causeway ; then, inland, into Co. Londonderry, ending in the high
escarpment of Slieve Gallion and Keady Hill.

To my friend, Prof. T. Rupert Jones, F.R.S., I am deeply indebted for
kind assistance rendered by him in the critical examination of my entire
collection of Ostracoda and Foraminifera — an examination which has resulted
in the detection of several new species. I am further indebted to Prof. J ones
for names and references respecting all the forms here enumerated. Dr. J. S.
Bowerbank, F.R.S., has also laid me under weighty obligations, by gener-
ously undertaking to revise my whole series of Sponge spicula, a work of
peculiar difficulty. His report on the spicula will be given in full. To my
friends, Mr. William Gray, M.R.I.A., Mr. Samuel A. Stewart, F.B.S.E., and
Mr. Thomas Galloway, I am indebted for kind and liberal assistance in
procuring for examination a large amount of material from various localities.
To the kindness and skill of my friend Mr. William Swanston I am much
indebted for the very accurate drawings in the plates which accompany this

memoir.

76

Wkight— List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

LIST OF LOCALITIES FROM WHICH CHALK MICROZOA HAVE BEEN
OBTAINED:—

1. Magheralin, Co. Down. Quarry about 3 miles S.W. of Moira.

Chalk powder in limited quantity— very rich in Microzoa.

2. Moira, Co. Antrim. Quarry about half-a-mile N. of Moira station.

A considerable quantity of Chalk powder was got in the flints at this
place ; it contained, however, but few Microzoa, and these usually in poor
condition. The powder was frequently found highly coloured, and appeared
to have been much altered by the action of heat

3. Kilcorrig, Co. Antrim. Quarry about 3 miles N.W. ot Lisburn.

A little powder was found here, very poor in Microzoa.

4. White Mountain, Co. Antrim, I mile N.E. of preceding locality.

A little Chalk powder was found at this station, it was poor in Microzoa.
This is the only Irish locality where Lituola inflate has been found.

5. Colin Glen, Co. Antrim, about 4^ miles S.W. of Belfast.

A few flints were met with up this glen, which yielded a little Chalk
powder, poor in Microzoa.

6. Black Hill, near Hannahstown, Co. Antrim. Quarry 3^ miles from
Belfast, on the Hannahstown Road.

The Chalk powder found at this quarry was very rich in Microzoa. Two
Foraminifera of great interest were met with, viz. : A new Bulimina, , named
by Prof. T. Rupert Jones Bulimina regularis— this species is extremely rare,
only two specimens of it having as yet been found. The other, a Rotaline form,
taking the shape of Rotalia orbicularis , with regular openings into each cham-
ber ; only one example of this remarkable Rhizopod has been found.

7. Wolf Hill, Co. Antrim. Quarry 2 miles N.W. of Belfast, near the
village of Ligoniel.

The Chalk powder found here contained an abundance of the usual forms.

8. Squire’s Hill. Quarries near the village of Ligoniel, and not far from
the preceding station.

The Chalk powder found in the flints at these quarries yielded the ordinary
Chalk Microzoa ; Sponge spicules occurred in great abundance.

Wright— List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa 77

9. Cave Hill, Co. Antrim. Quarries 2 miles N. of Belfast.

On account of the close proximity of these extensive quarries to the town
of Belfast, they have been better examined for Chalk powder than any of the
other localities. In the rubbish heaps outside the quarries occur numbers of
flints containing Chalk powder, rich in fossil Microzoa. Among the many rare
forms found at this place the following may be mentioned as of special
interest, viz.: Lituola ( Haplostichc) clavulina, Flabellina lingula , F. rugosa,
and Lingulina carinata.

10. Whitewell, Co. Antrim. Quarry 4 miles N. of Belfast, on the An-
trim Road.

The Chalk powder found in the flints in this quarry was rich in the usual
fossils. Two very rare Foraminifera were found here, viz.: Marginulina
seminotata, and Cristellaria ( Saractnana) Italica.

11. Whiteabbey, Co. Antrim. Quarry 1 mile W. of Whiteabbey station
on the Northern Counties Railway.

The Chalk powder collected from this quarry contained the usual Chalk
Ostracoda and Foraminifera, but very few Sponge spicules.

12. Woodburn, Co. Antrim. Quarry at the head of Woodburn Glen,
2| miles N.W. of Carrickfergus.

I only once visited this quarry, and whilst there collected several pounds
weight of Chalk powder ; it was found to contain Microzoa in great profusion.
Many rare Foraminifera occurred, and all our Irish Chalk Ostracoda, with the
exception of Cythere Iernica. Vaginulina costulata and Gaudrytna pupoides ,
var. prcelonga , were among the rare Foraminifera found here.

13. Whitehead, Co. Antrim. Quarry convenient to Whitehead station
on the Northern Counties Railway.

A small quantity of Chalk powder was collected at this quarry, it con-
tained the usual Chalk Microzoa ; Frondicularia inversa has been found in this
quarry.

14. Blackhead, Co. Antrim. i£ miles N.E. of Whitehead station, rocks
exposed along the shore under the headland.

A few flints were met with at this spot ; they contained Chalk powder in
quantity, which proved highly fossiliferous.

78

Wright— List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

15. Near Gobbins. Rocks exposed along the shore about midway be-
tween that headland and Blackhead.

About midway between Blackhead and the Gobbins a dyke occurs well
exposed in a low cliff, and is composed of a mass of ordinary flints and Para-
moudras crowded together, and imbedded in a brown ochreous clay. These
flints were found to contain Chalk powder in the greatest quantity — one of the
“ Paramoudras ” examined yielded several pounds weight of the powder.
The material collected proved extremely rich in Microzoa ; all our Irish Cre-
taceous Ostracoda were met with, and an unusually large number of Fora-
minifera referable to 79 species and well marked varieties. The following
very rare Foraminifera occurred, viz. : Denialina Steenstmpiy Marginulina
seminotata , and Bulimina regularis.

16. Ballytober, Islandmagee, Co. Antrim. Quarry situated near the
centre of the island, between the Gobbins and Magheramome ferry.

Chalk powder was found here in quantity ; the Microzoa were in great
abundance, and in fine preservation.

1 7. Mill Bay, Islandmagee, opposite Magheramorne, Co. Antrim. Quarry
about quarter of a mile from the Magheramorne ferry.

The flints in this quarry yielded a fair supply of Chalk powder rich in the
usual Microzoa.

18. Magheramome, Co. Antrim. Quarry convenient to Magheramorne
station, on the Northern Counties Railway.

The powder found in the flints in this quarry was highly fossiliferous.

19. Ballycarry, Co. Antrim. Quarry about half-a-mile S. of Ballycarry
station, on the Northern Counties Railway.

A large quantity of Chalk powder, extremely rich in fossils, was found in
this quarry ; all the Cretaceous Ostracoda were met with, besides a great
variety of Foraminifera and Sponge spicules.

20. Red Hall Glen, Co. Antrim. One mile N. W. of preceding locality.

Flints occur sparingly scattered over the bed of this fine old glen, having
been washed out of the white limestone which at one place forms overhanging
cliffs. Many of the flints were found to contain Chalk powder rich in
Microzoa.

21. Glenoe, Co. Antrim. Quarry 3 miles S.W. of Magheramorne.

A small quantity of Chalk powder found here was rich in the usual forms.

Wright— List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa. 79 4

Lame, Co. Antrim. Small quarry half-a-mile S. of the railway terminus
at Lame.

A few grains of powder was found in a flint at this quarry ; it contained
the following fossils, viz. : Cythere virginea, C. umbonata, Cythere ( Cythereis)
ornatissima, C. spiculata , Bairdia subdeltoidea , Cytherella avata , C. Williamsoni,
Paracypris gracilis , Dentalina marginuloides , Cristcllaria rotulata , Textularia
globule sa, Bulimina ovulum , B. brevis, Virgulina tegulata, Planorbuhna am -
monoides , Rotalia orbicularis , zwr.

22. Waterloo, Co. Antrim, i mile N. of Larne, on the coast.

The Chalk powder at this place was highly fossiliferous ; 15 different
species of Ostracoda were found in it.

23. Sallagh Braes, Co. Antrim. Quarry 4^ miles N.W. of Larne, on the
old road to Glenarm.

A “ Paramoudra” was found here containing a quantity of Chalk powder ;
it yielded Sponge spicula in great profusion.

24. Glenarm, Co. Antrim. Quarries near the town of Glenarm, on the
Coast road.

I am indebted to my friend Mr. Gray for the only Chalk powder I have
seen from this place, as also for what was found at the following seven
localities. As I have not visited any of these places myself, and as the
samples submitted for examination were small, I can give no information as to
relative quantity of the powder ; all, however, were found to contain fossil
Microzoa in more or less abundance.

25. Camlough, Co. Antrim. Quarries 1 mile N.W. of the town on the
Coast road, 2J miles N. of Glenarm.

26. Garron Point, Co. Antrim. Quarry on the Coast road, 4^ miles N.-
of Camlough.

27. Glenariff, Co. Antrim. Quarries 2\ miles up the glen from Red Bay,,
on the Coast road.

28. Lurigethan, Co. Antrim. Quarries on the face of a hill 2 miles from
Cushendall, on the Coast road.

29. Trostan Mountain, Co. Antrim. Quarry on the north face of the
mountain, 3 miles W. of Cushendall.

Wright— List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

So

30. Torr Head, Co. Antrim. North-east comer of Co. Antrim, 11 miles
N. of Cushendall, and 8 miles W. of Ballycastle.

31. Ballintoy, Co. Antrim. Quarries at Ballintoy Harbour, 5^ miles
N.W. of Ballycastle, on the road to the Giant’s Causeway.

32. Whiterocks, Co. Antrim. Quarries on the roadside 3 miles E. of
Portrush, on the road to the Giant’s Causeway.

A small quantity of Chalk powder collected at this quarry yielded a few
Microzoa.

33. North of Moneymore, Co. Londonderry. Quarry about midway be-
tween that town and Magherafelt.

A little Chalk powder found in this quarry yielded a few fossils.

34. Springhill, near Moneymore, Co. Londonderry.

A few grains of Chalk powder collected at this quarry yielded vast num-
bers of Sponge spicules.

35. Slieve Gallion, Co. Londonderry. Quarry situated near the summit
of the mountain, \\ miles N.W. of Moneymore station on the Cookstown
line.

This is the highest exposure of White Limestone in the North of Ireland,
being at an elevation of 1,500 feet above the level ot the sea. The Chalk
powder collected at this quarry yielded Microzoa in great abundance and in
fine preservation.

36. Keady Hill, Co. Londonderry. Quarries on the face of the hill,
3 miles E. of Newtownlimavady.

The Chalk powder collected at this quarry yielded Microzoa in great
abundance.

Wright— List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

8i

LIST OF THE CRETACEOUS MICROZOA FOUND IN
THE NORTH OF IRELAND.

OSTRACODA.

1. Cythere virginea, Jones. Frequent.

2. Cythere Harrisiana, Jones (?). (Geol. Mag., Vol. VII., p. 75.) Fre-
quent.

3. Cythere umbonata, Williamson. Frequent.

4. Cythere ? Wrightii, sp. nov. Jones, MS. (Near Bairdia difficilis,
Reuss “ Gaas,” PI. V., fig. 7)- Not unfrequent.

5. Cythere ? Iernica, sp. nov. Jones, MS. Rare.

6. Cythere (Cythereis) ornatissima, Reuss. In great profusion.

7. Cythere (Cythereis) alata, Bosquet. Frequent.

8. Cythere (Cythereis) spiculata, sp. nov. Jones , MS. Frequent.

9. Cythere (Cythereis) vai.lata, sp. nov. Jones, MS. (Near C. elongata,
Reuss). Frequent.

10. Cythere (Cythereis) montuosa, sp. nov. Jones, MS. (Near C. oxyura,
Reuss). Very rare.

11. Cythere (Cythereis) cuspidis, sp. nov. Jones , MS. (Near C. oxyura,
Reuss). Abundant.

12. Bairdia subdeltoidea, ( Munster). In the greatest profusion.

13. Macrocypris siliqua, Jones. Rare.

14. Cytherella ovata ( Romer). In the greatest profusion.

15. Cytherella Muensteri, (Romer). Rather frequent.

16. Cytherella Williamsoni, Jones. Very abundant.

17. Paracypris ? gracilis, Jones. Rather frequent.

$2

Wright — List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

FORAMINIFERA IMPERFORATA.

MILIOLIDA.

18. Trochammina cretacea ( Reuss). Rare.

LITUOLIDA.

19. Lituola (Haplophragmium) inflata, Reuss. Only two specimen*
found.

20. Lituola (Haplostiche) clavulina, Reuss ( “ Elbthalgebirge,” PI.
XXIV., fig. 7). Only one specimen found.

FORAMINIFERA PERFORATA.

LAGENIDA.

21. Lagena apiculata, Reuss. Rare.

22. Lagena sulcata, W. J. Rather frequent.

23. Nodosaria glabra, Z>’ Orb., and Dentaline variety. A long thin N.
radicula (Linn), passing into Dentalina nodosa, Dy Orb. of his “Memoire-
sur la Craie blanche, &c.” (not D. nodosa of D’Orb. “ Models”). Rather
frequent. ,

24. Nodosaria radicula (Linn.), 3-chambered, thick (near Glandulina
discreta, Reuss; G. cylindracea, Alth. ; Marginulina bullata, Reuss.) Only
one specimen found.

25. Nodosaria radicula (Linn.), tapering; N. lepida, Reuss (“West-
phalia”). Rare.

26. Nodosaria radicula (Linn.), var. (near N. conferta.) Very rare.

27. Nodosaria pyrula, D' Orb. Rare.

28. Nodosaria hispida, D'Orb. Rather rare.

29. Nodosaria raphanus (Linn.); N. Reuss. Rather rare.

Wright— List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

83

30. Nodosaria raphanus (Linn.), var. inflata, Reuss. Frequent.

31. Nodosaria RAPHANUS (Linn.), short coarse variety. Abundant.

32. Nodosaria raphanus (Linn.), small; N. obscura, Reuss (“ Elbthal-
gebirge ”). Rare.

33. Nodosaria acicula, Lam., slightly Dentaline, and thus passing into
Dentalina obliqua (Linn.). Frequent.

34. Nodosaria (Dentalina) limbata, D'Orb. Rare.

35. Dentalina communis, D'Orb., with oblique septa. Frequent.

36. Dentalina communis, D'Orb., var. lorneiana, D'Orb., passing into
D. Boueana, D'Orb. Frequent.

37. Dentalina communis, D'Orb., var. irregularis, D'Orb. The nearest
figured specimen is Nodosaria monile, V on Hag., in Reuss * ( Kreid. Bohm.
t. 8. f. 9 (not f. 7. which, however, Reuss regards as the true “ monile”) ;
Dentalina nodosa, D'Orb., “ M6m. Craie blanche ” (not Soldani) is pro-
bably the same ; N. irregularis, D'Orb., “For. Fos. Vien.,” is the same
with longer chambers; and N. longiscata, D'Orb., has very elongate
chambers of the same style. Rare.

38. Dentalina communis, D'Orb., var.; D. Lilli, Reuss (“ Kreid. Lemberg,
PI. II. fig. 11). Rather rare.

39. Dentalina communis, D'Orb., exquisitely delicate var. near D. peracuta,
Reuss. Rare.

40. Dentalina communis, D'Orb., var. emaciata, Reuss. Very rare.

41. Dentalina pauperata, D'Orb., with straight septa. In great profusion.

42. Dentalina Steenstrupi, Reuss (“Meklenburg ”). Only one specimen
found.

43. Dentalina nodosa, D' Orb., var. with flush and short chambers, marked
with delicate lines, near D. nodosa, D'Orb. (Soldani) ; D. lineolata, Reuss
(“ Bohemia”); D. multilineolata, Reuss (“ Elbthalgebirge”); D. proteus,
Reuss (“ Maestricht”) ; D. polyphragma, Reuss (“Westphalia”) ; Nodo-
saria subornata, Reuss (“ Dobrutscha” f. 9, 10; the shape being that of
f. 5, N. inarticulata, Reuss), and others. Rare.

44. Dentalina marginulinoides, Reuss (“Lemberg,” PI. II. f. 12), sub-
septate variety. Rather rare.

84 Wright— List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

45. Dentalina marginulinoides, Reuss, cylindrical variety. Rather rare..

46. Frondicularia striatula, Reuss (“ Elbthalgebirge,” PL XXI. fig. 2).
Frequent.

47. Frondicularia augustata, Nilsson (according to Reuss). A narrow
sub-variety of F. striatula. Rare.

48. Frondicularia Verneuiliana, D'Orb., narrow variety. Rather rare.

49. Frondicularia Archiaciana, D'Orb. Frequent.

50. Frondicularia tenuis, Reuss (il Elbthalgebirge,” PI. XXI. f. 3). Rare..

51. Frondicularia in versa, Reuss. Only one specimen found.

52. Frondicularia elliptica ( Nilsson ). Very rare.

53. Frondicularia mucronata, Reuss (“ Elbthalgebirge”) var. with trifid
mucro ; ? F. Goldfussi, Reuss (“ Westphalia”). Rather rare.

54. Flabellina lingula, Von Hagenow, var. Only two specimens found.

55. Flabellina rugosa, D'Orb. Very rare.

56. Flabellina reticulata, Reuss. Frequent.

57. Flabellina pulchra, JD’Orb. Very rare.

58. Flabellina pulchra, N Orb., narrow neat variety, near Fr. obliqua,
Von Munster. Very rare.

59. "Flabellina pulchra, D'Orb., a smooth variety with parallel sides ; a
narrow form of Fr. obliqua, Alth (“ Lemberg”). Very rare.

60. Flabellina ornata, Reuss (“Kreid. Bohm.,” PI. XXIV. fig. 43) ; near
Cristellaria crepidularis, Reuss (“Gault”); ? F. Baudouiniana, D'Orb.
Only one specimen found.

61. Lingulina carinata, D'Orb. var.; broad and short. Only two speci-
mens found.

62. Marginulina glabra, var. elongata, D'Orb. Abundant.

63. Marginulina bullata, Reuss (“Westphalia” PI. VI. fig. 4). Rather

rare.

Wright— List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

85

64. Marginulina radicula (Linn.) ; smooth flush Nodosaria radicula with
excentric aperture. Only one specimen found.

65. Marginulina seminotata, Reuss (“Westphalia Kreid.,” Pl. V. fig. 6).
Very rare.

66. Marginulina raphanus (Linn.)', Nodosaria raphanus with excentric
aperture. Only one specimen found.

67. Vaginulina (Marginulina) trilobat a, D'Orb.; Marginulina bacillum, .
Reuss. Frequent.

68. Vaginulina (Citharina) harpa, Rom. var. nov., near V. discors,
Reuss, and V. arguta, Reuss (“ Gault,” PI. III. fig. 10 and 12). Rare.

69. Vaginulina costulata, Reuss. Only one specimen found.

70. Vaginulina costulata, Romer (Reuss, “ Elbthalgebirge, ” PI. XX. .
fig. 24). Variety, thin and slightly curved. Only two specimens found.

71. Planularia, sp. (near Planularia longa), Cornuel. Very rare.

72. Planularia crepidula, D'Orb., becoming Flabellina pulchra, D'Orb „
Very rare.

73. Cristellaria recta, D'Orb. Rather rare.

74. Cristellaria recta, D'Orb. var. hamosa, Reuss (“Elbthalgebirge,”
PI. XXIV. flg. 2). Rare.

75. Cristellaria recta, D'Orb. (near C. Bronni, Ro?ner) (Reuss, “Gault,”
PI. VII. f. 13). Only one specimen found.

76. Cristellaria rotulata ( Lam. ). In great profusion.

77. Cristellaria navicula, D'Orb. Rare.

78. Cristellaria triangularis, D'Orb. Very rare.

79. Cristellaria (Saracenaria) Italica, Defrance. Very rare.

80. Cristellaria (Saracenaria) Italica, Defrance, a long sub-variety.
One specimen found.

81. Polymorphina damyecornis, Reuss, PI. III. figs. 16 and 17. Very rare...

82. Polymorphina horrida, Reuss, PI. III. figs. 14 and 15. Rather rare.

86

Wright— List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

83. POLYMORPHINA fusiformis, Romer. Not unfrequent.

84. POLYMORPHINA regina, B. P. 6° J., var. Very rare.

85. Uvigerina nodosa, D’Orb. Very rare.

GLOBIGERINIDA.

86. Globigerina cretacea, D' Orb. In great profusion.

87. Globigerina bulloides, D’Orb. Very rare.

88. Globigerina bulloides, D'Orb ., var. nov., heaped. Very rare.

89. Globigerina marginata ( Reuss). Rare.

90. Pullenia quinqueloba ( Reuss). Rather rare.

91. Textularia gibbosa, D' Orb. Rare.

92. Textularia pupa, Reuss (“Westphalia”). Rather rare.

93. Textularia sagittula, Defrance. Abundant.

94. Textularia trochus, D' Orb. Rare.

95. Textularia turris, D’Orb. Rare.

-96. Textularia turris, D’Orb., short and thick varieties. Frequent.

97. Textularia fceda, Reuss. Frequent.

98. Textularia pR/elonga, Reuss. Rather rare.

99. Textularia globulosa, Ehr. In great abundance, but liable to be
overlooked from its minute size.

100. Verneuilina triquetra, ( Munster). Rather rare.

101. Gaudryina rugosa, D' Orb. Frequent.

102. Gaudryina pupoides, DOrb. var. pr^elonga (Reuss). Rare.

103. Tritaxia triquetra (Munster). Rather rare.

104. Bulimina Presli, Reuss. Frequent.

Wright— List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

87

105. Bulimina ovulum, Reuss. Abundant.

106. Bulimina brevis, jD’Orb. In great abundance.

107. Bulimina intermedia, Reuss. Rather rare.

108. Bulimina regularis, sp. nov. Jones , MS. (near B. marginata, D’Orb.).
Only one good example found.

109. ? Bulimina, sp. Very rare.

no. Virgulina TEGULATA, Reuss, VAR. In great abundance.

in. Bolivina deco rata, sp. nov. Jones , MS. Very abundant.

1 12. Bolivina, sp. Exquisitely delicate form. Only one specimen found.

113. Pleurostomella fusiformis, Reuss (“ Westphalia”). Rare.

1 14. Planorbulina* exsculpta, Reuss (“ Westphalia”). Frequent.

1 15. Planorbulina ammonoides (Reuss). In the greatest profusion.

1 16. Planorbulina ammonoides (Reuss), var. with extra shell-growth,
making astral overgrowth on the umbilicus. In great profusion. ,

1 17. Planorbulina crenulata (Reuss), (“Gaas,” PI. II. fig. 2). Rather
rare.

118. Truncatulina lobatula (W.& J.). Frequent.

1 19. Pulvinulina Micheliniana ( D' Orb.) VAR. Frequent.

120. Rotalia orbicularis {D’Orb.), var. In great profusion.

121. Rotalia vel planorbulina? PI. III. fig. 18. A Rotaline form, like
R. orbicularis in shape, but having each chamber symmetrically perforated
with a large central aperture on the outside. Only one specimen found.
Prof. T. Rupert Jones says:— “This specimen is of great interest, when
considered with the few other known open-chambered, Foraminifera.
Ehrenberg figures ( ‘ Mikrogeologie, ’ PI. XIX. fig. 8), a Pulvinulina (?)
having a symmetrical series of holes, one at the base of each chamber,
around the large convex central chamber ; and he figures some Rotalia

* Prof. W. K. Parker, F.R.S., has kindly favoured us with his opinion on the Rotaltna

and some of the more obscure of the other Foraminifera of this list.

G

88

Wright — List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

and Planorbulince with less regular holes. M. Vanden Broeck, of Brussels,
has lately discovered a Lageniform * porcellanous’ Foraminifer with a regu-
larly cribrate or latticed shell. Thus in both divisions of the Foraminifera
we have open-chambered shells, analogous to the basket-like structure of
the siliceous Polycystina ( Radiolaria ). How far these may be taken as
indications of another, or other divisions of the Rhizopods, further research
will show.”

122. Fragments of tubular branched forms more or less aculeate near to the
so called Dentalina (?) aculeata of D’Orbigny. My friend Professor T.
Rupert Jones proposes to distinguish this simple, calcareous, subsegmented,
branching, Nodosarian form by the “generic” name Ram u LINA (from
“ ramulus,” a little branch) ; the “species” above mentioned, which is
common in the French and British chalk standing as Ramulina aculeata
{D' Orb.), and our Irish form, which differs from D’Orbigny’s in being
smooth, as Ramulina l^evis, gen. et sp. nov. Jones , see PI. III. fig. 19.
Rather rare.

123. Ramulina brachiata, sp. nov. Jones , see PI. III. fig. 20. Very rare.
Professor T. Rupert Jones says of this form that its nearest known analogue
in external form among Protozoa is perhaps Dr. Wyville Thomson’s
Coelosphoera tub if ex, a peculiar Sponge from the North Atlantic. Still the
fixed position of the tubes and the general aspect of the organism are
against the probability of these Microzoa being closely allied.

SPONGE SPICULA.*

SKELETON-SPICULA.

124. Acerate spiculum, PI. II. figs. 1 and 2. This form is found abundantly .
in the Halichondroid sponges both recent and fossil, but it is generally very
minute. The same form also prevails to a great extent in the skeletons of
many species of Tethea and Geodia , in both of which these spicula are of
about the same size and form as those found in the Chalk, and I have no
doubt that they are from fossil species of one or the other of these genera.
F requent.

125. Attenuato-acuate spiculum ; an abnormal form, PI. II. fig. 3. Very rare.

126. Moniliform attenuato-acuate spiculum, PI. II. fig. 4. Rather frequent.

* I am indebted to J. S. Bowerbank, LL.D., F.R.S., for the following report on the

Sponge spicula.

Wright — List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

89

127. Furcated porrecto-temate moniliform spiculum, PI. II. fig. 5* This is
probably an external defensive spiculum from a Sponge closely allied to
Tethea. I have seen from our southern Chalk the same form with monili-
form shaft and radii, but not so distinctly banded. Rather rare.

128. Equiangular triradiate spiculum, PI. XI. fig. 6. This form occurs as a
siliceous form rarely, but abundantly in the calcareous Sponges as skeleton
spicula. Rare.

129. Spiculated equiangular triradiate spiculum, PI. II. fig. 7- This occurs
as a siliceous form rarely, but abundantly in the calcareous Sponges as
internal defensive spicula. * Abundant.

CONNECTING-SPICULA.

130. Incipiently expanso-ternate spiculum, probably from a Geodia , PI. II.
fig. 8. It is not uncommon in our southern flints. Rare.

131. Expando-ternate spiculum ; closely allied to the last, PI. II. figs. 9 and 10.
This form is found in recent Tethea , Geodia , and other genera. Frequent.

132. Expando-ternate spiculum, with cylindrical radii, PI. II. figs. 11 and 12.
This form is found in some recent species of Tethea, , but is not a normal
condition. Rather rare.

133. Furcated attenuato-patento-ternate spiculum, PI. II. fig. 13. This con-
stricted form of an apparently furcated attenuato-patento-ternate spiculum
has not yet been found among recent Sponges. It occurs in our southern
Chalk flints. Rather jrare.

134. Furcated attenuato-patento-ternate spiculum, PI. II. figs. 14 to 16. This
form of spiculum abounds in the expansile dermal system of several of the
siliceo -fibrous Sponges, as in that of Dactylocalyx Bowerbankii , Johnson
(Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, PI. III. figs. 6, 7). These spicula vary in form
and size to a considerable extent in the same species. In great profusion.

135. Furcated attenuato-patento-ternate spiculum, PI. II. fig. 17 ; from the
expansile dermal system of a siliceo-fibrous Sponge. In great profusion.

* This rarity of some of our forms of spicula in recent siliceous Sponges is of con-
siderable interest, in connection with the fact that all the little organisms in 'the powder
from our flints seem to be now silicified, whether they were originally calcareous (as the
Foraminifera and Ostracoda) or not.

90

Wright— List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

136. Furcated attenuato-patento-ternate spiculum, PI. II. fig. 18 ; same as the
last, but probably from a different species of Sponge. Frequent.

117 Recurvo-temate spiculum, PI. II. fig- >9 5 similar spicula occur in the
intermarginal cavities of Tdhea and Geodia, and these are probably from
similar positions in the fossil species of these genera. Very rare.

138. Spiculum, PI. HI. fig. 1. This form is quite new to me. It is most
probably from the expansile dermal system of a siliceo-fibrous Sponge.
Rather rare.

139. Spiculum, PI. HI. figs. 2 and 3. Singular and probably abnormal form
of dermal spiculum of a siliceo-fibrous Sponge. Rather rare.

140 Porrecto-ternate spiculum, PI. II. fig. 20. This form of spiculum occurs
’in some species of Tdhea ( Tethea cranium , British). An external defen-
sive spiculum. Frequent.

141. Porrecto-ternate spiculum, PI. II. fig. 21. Very rare.

142. Porrecto-ternate spiculum, PI. II. fig. 22 1 same as the last, but probably
indicating a different species. Rather rare.

H3-

Attenuated rectangulate hexradiate spiculum, PI. III. figs. 4 and 5, from
a siliceo-fibrous Sponge (see “Mon. Brit. Spongiadae,” Vol. I. PI. VII.
fig. 174). In great profusion.

SKELETON-FIBRES.

144. Fragments of skeleton-fibres of a siliceo-fibrous Sponge, PI. III. figs.
6 and 7. Very rare.

145. Apparently fragments of skeleton fibre of a siliceo-fibrous Sponge, PI. III.
figs. 8 and 9. Abundant.

146. Fragments of skeleton fibre of a siliceo-fibrous Sponge, PI. HI. fig. 10.
Rare.

Wright— List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

91

The following additional forms were found too late for insertion m the
body of the report : —

SPONGE SPICULES.

147. Sphero-stellate spiculum, PI. III. % n. Very rare.

148. Recurvo-dentate quaternate spiculum, PI. II. fig. 23. Very rare.

149. Spiculum? PI. III. %. 12. A spherical body ornamented with five
delicate projecting limbs, three on the one plane and one at either end.
Only one specimen found.

150. Spiculum? PI. III. fig. 13. A spherical body covered with numerous
projecting limbs. The few specimens found varied much in size.

FORAMINIFERA PERFORATA.

GLOBIGERINIDA.

1 5 1. Spiroplecta pr^longa (Reuss). Zoologically the same as Spiroplecta
sagittula {Def ranee). Very rare.

92

Wright— List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

Table shewing the Geographical Distribution in

List of Species.

.2

0
•§>

s

1

2

'3

s

2

'bp

*u

0

3

3

-k White Mountain.

01 Colin Glen.

o\ Black Hill.

M

0

£

7

co Squire’s Hill.

<3 Cave Hill.

0 White well.

0

•8

V

IS

£

II

£ Woodburn.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

. X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

: X

X

X

X

X

X

X

"

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

i.

».

3-

4-

5-
6.

7-

S.

9-

to.

IX.

13.

*3-

*4-

*5*

x6.

»7-

x8.

jg.

30.

31.
33.

23-

24*

35-

36.

OSTRACODA.

Cythere virginea, Jones

Cythere Harrisiana, Jones (?)

Cythere umbonata, Williamson

Cythere ? Wrightii, sp. nov. Jones, MS

Cythere ? Iernica, sp. nov. Jones , MS

Cythere (Cythereis) ornatissima, Reuss

Cythere (Cythereis) alata, Bosquet

Cythere (Cythereis) spiculata, sp. nov. Jones,

MS

Cythere (Cythereis) vallata,sp. no v. Jones, MS.
Cythere (Cythereis) montuosa, sp. nov. Jones,
3f^". ••••.. ......••

Cythere(Cythereis)cuspidis)sp.nov.y<?«^f,A/6'.

Bairdia subdeltoidea, (Munster)

Macrocypris siliqua, Jones

Cytherella ovata, (Romer)

Cytherella Muensteri, (Romer)

Cytherella Williamsoni, Jones

Paracypris ? gracilis, Jones

Foraminifera.

Trochammina cretacea, (Reuss)

Lituola (Haplophragmium) inflata, Reuss.. .

Lituola (Haplostiche) clavulina, Reuss

Lagena apiculata, Reuss

Lagena sulcata. W. &• J

Nodosaria glabra, D'Orb

Nodosaria radicula (Linn.), (3 chambered,

thick)

Nodosaria radicula (Linn.), (tapering)

I Nodosaria radicula (Linn.), var. near N,
conferta

Nodosaria pyrula, D'Orb

Nodosaria hispida, D'Orb

Nodosaria raphanus, (Linn.) .
Nodosaria raphanus (Linn.),
Reuss

var. inflata.

variety

Nodosaria raphanus (Linn.), (small) ..

Nodosaria acicula, Lam

Nodosaria (Denthlina) Hmbata, D’Orb.

Dcntalina communis, D'Orb

Dentalina communis, D'Orb. ; var. Lorneiana,
D'Orb

(D'Orb.)

Whitehead.

Wright— List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

93

North of Ireland of the Cretaceous Microzoa.

0

Near Gobbins.

Ballytober.

Near Mill Bay.

Magheramorne.

S. of Ballycarry

Redhall Glen.

Glenoe.

Waterloo.

Sallagh Braes.

Glenarm.

JS
b i
3
£
■g
6

Garron Point.

Glenariff.

Lurigethan.

Trostan Mtn.

Torr Head.'

Ballintoy.

White Rocks.

N. of Moneymor

Spring Hill.

Slieve Gallion.

Ready Hill.

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

3*

32

' 33

34

35

36

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

I.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

2.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

3-

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

4-

X

X

X

X

5-

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

6.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

7-

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

8.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

9-

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

10.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

zi.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

12.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

13-

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

*4-

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

i5-

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

16.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

17’

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

18.

19.

20.

X

X

X

X

X

21.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

22.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

23.

X

■

24.

X

X

25.

X

X

X [

26.

X

27.

X

X

X

X

X

X

28.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

x |

29.

X

X

X

X

X

X

3°*

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

31*

X

X

32.

X

X

X

X

X

X

33-

X

X

X

X

X

34-

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

35*

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

36.

X

X

X

94

Wright — List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

■

Table shewing the Geographical Distribution in th'

38.

39-

4°.

41*

42.

43-

44-

45-

46.

47-

48.

49.
5°-

52.

53-

54-

55-

56.

57

58

59-

60.

61.

62.

63-

64.

65-

66.

67.

68.

69.

70.

7«-

72.

73-

74-

75-
76.

77-

78.

Ei.

List of Spec es.

.5

'3

.§■

0

to

'H

0

a

a

0

S

13

a

V

0

.a

3

*3

J+H

O

3

CO

’3

3

0

>

*3

&

4}

*J3

0

'rt

13

S

3

22

T3

O

O

2

3

£

U

m

£

u*
c n

rt

O

£

F*

£

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

II

12

Dentalina communis, D’Orb. ; var. Lilli,

Reuss

Dentalina communis, D'Orb., exquisitely deli-
cate variety

Dentalina communis, D'Orb. ; var. emaciata,

Reuss

Dentalina pauperata, D’Orb

Dentalina Steenstrupi, Reuss.. . .

Dentalina nodosa, D’Orb., var.

Dentalina marginulinoides, Reuss. Subsep-

tate variety

Dentalina marginulinoides, Reuss. Cylindri-
cal variety

Frondicularia striatula, Reuss

Frondicularia angustata, Nilsson

Frondicularia Verneuiliana, D’Orb

Frondicularia Archiaciana, D’Orb

Frondicularia tenuis, Reuss

Frondicularia inversa, Reiiss

Frondicularia elliptica ( Nilsson )

Frondicularia mucronata, Reuss, var

Flabellina lingula. Von Hagenow, var

Flabellina rugosa, D’Orb

Flabellina reticulata, Reuss

Flabellina pulchra, D’Orb

Flabellina pulchra, D’Orb. Narrow neat

x

X

X

X

X

variety

Flabellina pulchra, D'Orb. Smooth variety

with parallel sides

Flabellina ornata, Reuss

Lingulina carinata, D’Orb., var

Marginulina glabra, var. elongata, D’Orb.. ..

Marginulina bullata, Reuss

Marginulina radicula (Linn.)

Marginulina seminotata, Reuss

Marginulina raphanus (Linn.)

Vaginulina (Marginulina) trilobata, D'Orb. . .
Vaginulina (Citharina) harpa, Rom., var. nov.

Vaginulina costulata, Reuss

Vaginulina costulata, Rom. Variety thin and

slightly curved

Planularia sp., near Planularia longa, Cornuel.
Planularia crepidula, D’Orb., becoming Fla-
bellina pulchra, D’Orb

Cristellaria recta, D’Orb

Cristellaria recta, D'Orb. ; var. hamosa, Reuss.
Cristellaria recta, D’Orb., near C. Bronni. . . .

Cristellaria rotulata (Lam.)

Cristellaria navicula, D’Orb

Cristellaria triangularis, D’Orb

Cristellaria (Saracenaria) Italica, Dejrance. ..
Cristellaria (Saracenaria) Italica, De/rance,

long sub-variety

Polymorphina damaecornis, Reuss

X

X

X

X

Whitehead.

Blackhead.

Wright — List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

95

Forth of Ireland of the Cretaceous Microzoa — ( Continued ).

2

GO

c

>*

d

V

a

Jh

u

6

§

in

a

e5

J2

0

s

a

.0

Xt

XI

O

o

8

Ballytober.

8

rt

a>

6

2

V

'S)

as

s

>>

a

w

o

c/5

o

13

rTS

<D

Glenoe.

Waterloo.

w

rC

bo

13

t O

Glenarm.

Carnlough.

’0

d

O

o3 4

O

Glenariff.

Lurigethan

c

2

0

H

Torr Head

Ballintoy.

0

0

&

0

IS

£

0

g

0

Spring Hil

O

V

>

.(U

c/5

Keady Hil

1

i5

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26 1

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

X

1

X

X

X

38.

X

X

X

X

X

39-

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

40.

i

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

41.

X

42.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

43-

X

X

X

X

X

44.

X

X

X

X

45.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

46.

X

X

X

X

X

47-

X

X

X

X

X

X

48.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

49.

X

X

X

X

5°-

Si-

X

52-

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

53-

54-

X

55-

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

56.

X

57-

X

X

X

58.

X

59-

X

. .

60.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

62.

X

63-

64.

X

65-

66.

X

X

X

X

67.

X

X

X

X

68.

69.

X

X

X

7i-

X

X

72.

X

X

X

X

X

X

73-

X

74-

75*

76.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

77-

X

X

78.

X

X

X

X

79-

X

80.

X

X

X

X

x

••

1 ••

8 1.

96

Wright— List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

Table showing the Geographical Distribution in thi

List of Species.

.5

a

s

rC

SP

2

I

» Moira.

0

0

S3

M

3

+• White Mountain.

Colin Glen.

w

rt

3

6

K

Cm

1

7

00 Squire’s Hill.

s

l

0

9

0 Whitewell.

h Whiteabbey.

3 Woodburn.

t

0

A.

a

13

£

13 !

82.

Polymorphina horrida, Reuss

X

X

X

X

83.

Polymorphina fusiformis, Romer

X

X

X

X

X

X

84.

Polymorphina regina, B. P. &> y., var

8-5.

Uvigerina nodosa, D’Orb

86.

Globigerina cretacea, D'Orb

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

87.

X

88.

Globigerina bulloides D’Orb., var. nov., heaped

X

89.

Globigerina marginata ( Reuss j

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

91.

Textularia gibbosa, D'Orb

X

92.

Textularia pupa, Reuss

X

X

X

X

93-

Textularia sagittula, Defrance

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

94-

Textularia trochus, D’Orb

95-

Textularia turris, D’Orb

X

X

96.

Textularia turris, D’Orb., short and thick

variety

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

97-

Textularia foeda, Reuss

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

98.

Textularia prselonga, Reuss

X

X

99.

Textularia globulosa, Ehr

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Verneuihna triQuctra (

x

X

X

X

IOI.

Gaudryina rugosa, D'Orb

X

X

•5 S

102.

Gaudryina pupoides, D’Orb. ; var. praelonga,

Reuss

X

107.

Tritaxia triquetra ( Ministry) ,

X

J

104.

Bulimina Presli, Reuss

X

X

X

X

X

T

105.

Bulimina ovuium, Reziss

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

IO6.

Bulimina brevis, D’Orb

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X ■

107.

Bulimina intermedia, Reuss

X

X

108.

Bulimina regularis, sp. nov. yones, MS

X

? Bulimina sp.

x

109

no.

Virgulina tegulata, Reuss, var

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

x J

Bolivina derorat*^ pny MS*

x

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

112.

Bolivina, sp

••

1J3-

Pleurostomella fusiformis, Reuss

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

..

114.

Planorbulina exsculpta, Reuss

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

x

iiS-

Planorbulina ammonoides (Reuss.)

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

x 1

116.

Planorbulina ammonoides (Reuss), var. with

extra shell-growth

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

117.

Planorbulina crenulata (Reuss)

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

118.

Truncatulina lobatula (W. <5r» J.)

X

X

X

X

X

X

119.

Pulvinulina Micheliniana (D’Orb.)

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

120.

Rotalia orbicularis (D’Orb.), var

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

121.

Rotalia vel Planorbulina ?, with each chamber

symmetrically perforated

X

122.

Ramulina laevis, gen. et sp. nov. yones

X

123.

Sponge Spicula, &c.

124.

Acerate spiculum. PI. II., figs. 1 & 2

X

X

X

!25-

Attenuato-acuate spiculum. PI. II., fig. 3 ..

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

126.

Moniliform attenuato-acuate spiculum. PI. II.,

f ]ff. A

X

X

X

X

I27.

f * \ _

Furcated porrecto-temate moniliform spiculum

1

PI. II., fig. 5

X

” !

X

X

X

••

•• 1

Near Gobbins.

Wright — List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

97

>rth of Ireland of the Cretaceous Microzoa — (Continued).

c

1

0

U

CJ

£

*5

o\ Ballytober.

■3 Near Mill Bay.

a

O

£

2

Js

*

S

18

14

rt

u

>.

'rt

M

o

c/5

19

§ Redhall Glen.

1>

o

c

V

o

21

6

01

1

22

in

rt

h

m

w>

ri

C/3

23

£

5

a

V

6

24

§

a

25

8v Garron Point.

its

'S

C

V

O

27

i

£

bi

28

(3

X

1

0

H

29

-T3

cS

4)

X

u

H

30

.£

n

pa

31

^ White Rocks.

2

0

£

Sr

§

s

O

J5

33

X

bil

c

'u

a,

in

34

$ Slieve Gallion.

Ready Hill.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

82.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

83.

X

X

X

X

84.

X

85.

X

X

X-

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

86.

X

87.

X

X

88.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

89.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

90.

r

X

X

X

X

X

X

91.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

92.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

93-

X

X

94.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

95*

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

96.

X

X

X

„

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

97-

X

X

X

X

98.

c

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

99.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

coo.

X

X

X

,101.

X

X

X

102.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

103.

s

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

I04.

)C

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X *

105.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

I06.

X

X

X

X

X

X

I07.

X

X

108.

IO9.

K

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

no.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

in.

X

X

1 12.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

JI3*

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

114.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

nS-

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

116.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

117.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

118.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

119.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

120.

121.

X

X

X

X

X

122.

X

X

123.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

124.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

125.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

126.

•

1 x

X

••

X

X

X

X

X

127.

98

Wright — List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.

Table showing the Geographical Distribution in the!

.3

*3

.s

0

aS

o3

*0 .

bS)

’E

O

0

C

3

O

s

<D

'r£

c

<U

3

.s

w

aj

0

3

a

'U

*3

a

<u

>

T5

>

>>

0

(3

<D

c

u

3

£

O

O

§

§

s

0

5

£

o'

Wt

6

£

*

*

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

List of Species.

13

128.

129.

130.

131-

132-

I33>

*34-

135-

136.

i37-

138.

139-

140.

141.

142.
143-

144.

145-

146.

147.

148.

149.

150.

15*.

Equiangular triradiate spiculum. PL II., fig. 6
Spiculated equiangular triradiate spiculum.

PI. II., fig. 7 .

Incipiently expanso-ternate spiculum. PI. II.,

fig. 8

Expando-ternate spiculum. PI. II., figs. 9&10
Expando-ternate spiculum, with cylindrical

radii. PI. II., figs. 11 & 12

Furcated attenuato-patento-ternate spiculum

(constricted). Pi. II., fig. 13

Furcated attenuato-patento-ternate spiculum

PI. II., figs. 14 to 16

Furcated attenuato-patento-ternate spiculum

PI. II., fig. 17

Furcated attenuato-patento-ternate spiculum.

PI. II., fig. 18

Recurvo-ternate spiculum. PI. II., fig. 19.

Spiculum. nov. PI. III., fig. I

Spiculum. PI. III., figs. 2&3

Porrecto-ternate spiculum. PI. II., fig. 20
Porrecto-ternate spiculum. PI. II., fig. 21
Porrecto-ternate spiculum PI. II., fig. 22
Attenuated rectangulate hexradiate spiculum

PI. III., figs. 4& s

Skeleton fibres. PI. III., figs 6 & 7 ....
Skeleton fibres. PI. III., figs. 8 & 9 ....
Skeleton fibres. PI. III., fig. 10

Sponge Spicula.

Sphero-stellate spiculum. PI. III., fig. 1 1
Recurvo-dentate quaternate spiculum. PI. II.,

fig. 23 -

Spiculum ? Plate III., fig. 12

Spiculum ? Plate III., fig. 13

Foraminifera.

Spiroplecta prselonga, ( Reuss )

Whitehead.

Near Gobbins.

Wright— List of Irish Cretaceous Microzoa.
rth of Ireland of the Cretaceous Microzoa— ( Continued).

99

X

X

X

x

§ Redhall Glen.

V

o

a

jj

O

21

Jo Waterloo.

w Sallagh Braes.

B

U

OS

a

jy

5

24

£ Carnlough.

■3

Ah

a

0

£

rt

O

26

^ Glenariff.

a

a

£

1)

.bp

'jH

3

i-3

28

a

-s

1
U )

O

H

29

$ Torr Head.

m Ballintoy.

^ White Rocks.

0)

O

a

>.

c

0

2

<+*

0

&

33

Spring Hill.

a

.0

O

>

.0

c/5

35

X

>»

■■o

<u

36

X

X

128.

X

X

X

# . •

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

129.

X

X

X

X

130.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

131-

X

X

X

132.

X

X

X

X

*33-

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

134-

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

i35-

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

136.

X

X

X

X

137-

X

X

X

X

X

138.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

I39*

X

X

X

X

X

X

140.

X

141.

X

X

X

X

X

X

142.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

143*

X

X

• •

144.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

H5-

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

146.

X

147.

148.

149.

X

150.

151-

StA.TT.V/f.tM (

me** "?Jr ,

11 FF.B loo

I

B E LEAST .NAT. F I E LD CLUB.

/~LAT£ .//

EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.

[The figures in parentheses refer to the numbers in the List of Species. ]

Figs, i, 2

(I24)

Acerate spicula. Springhill, Co. Derry.

99

3

(125)

A ttenuato-acuate spiculum. Springhill, Co. Derry.

99

4

(126)

Moniliform attenuato-acuate spiculum. Springhill, Co.
Derry.

99

5

(127)

Furcated porrecto-ternate moniliform spiculum. Keady

Hill, Co. Derry.

99

6

(128)

Equiangular triradiate spiculum. Moira, Co, Down.

99

7

(129)

Spiculated equiangular triradiate spiculum. Moira,

Co. Down.

99

8

(130)

Incipiently expanso-ternate spiculum. Glenariff, Co.

Antrim.

99

9

(131)

Expando-ternate spiculum (immature). Cave Hill,

Co. Antrim.

99

IO

(131)

Expando-ternate spiculum. Sallagh Braes, Co. Antrim.

”

II, 12

(132)

Expando-ternate spicula, with cylindrical radii. Sallagh
Braes, Co. Antrim.

»

13

(133)

Furcated attenuato-patento-ternate spiculum (constricted).
13 b. Plane of the radii. Slieve Gallion, Co. Derry.

99

14, IS,

16 (134)

Furcated attenuato-patento-ternate spicula. Sallagh Braes,
Co. Antrim.

99

i7

(135)

Furcated attenuato-patento-ternate spiculum. 17 b. Plan
of the radii. Springhill, Co. Derry.

99

18

(136)

Furcated attenuato-patento-ternate spiculum. Cave Hill,
Co. Antrim.

99

19

(137)

Recurvo-ternate spiculum. 19 b. Plane of the radii ►
Sallagh Braes, Co. Antrim.

99

20

(140)

Porrecto-ternate spiculum. Torr Head, Co. Antrim.

99

21

(141)

Porrecto-ternate spiculum. Sallagh Braes, Co. Antrim.

99

22

(142)

Porrecto-ternate spicidum. Sallagh Braes, Co. Antrim.

99

23

(148)

Recurvo-dentate quaiernate spiculum. 23 b. Plane of the
radii. South of Ballycarry Station, Co. Antrim.

The figures are all enlarged — the line at the side of each indicates the
natural size.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.

[The figures in parentheses refer to the numbers in the List of Species.]

1

(138)

2, 3

(139)

4

(143)

5

(143)

6

(144)

7

(144)

8

(145)

9

(145)

IO

(I46)

ii

(147)

12

(149)

13

(150)

H, 15

(82)

16

(8l)

17

(8l)

18

(121)

19

(122)

20

(123)

Spiculum — new. i b. Side view, Keady Hill, Co.

Derry.

Spicula. 2 b, 3 b. Side views. Sallagh Braes, Co.
Antrim.

A ttenuated - recta ng ula te hexradiate spiculum. Spring-
hill, Co. Derry.

Attenuated-rectangulate hexradiate spiculum. Bally-
tober, Co. Antrim.

Fragment of Skeleton fibre. Sallagh Braes, Co. Antrim.
Fragment of Skeleton fibre , same as the preceding one ,
front view. South of Ballycarry Station, Co. Antrim.
Fragcnent of Skeleton fibre. Sallagh Braes, Co. Antrim.
Fragment of Skeleton fibre. Keady Hill, Co. Derry.
Fragment of Skeleton fibre. Ballintry, Co. Antrim.
Sphero-stellate spiculum. Sallagh Braes, Co. Antrim.
Spiculum l 12 b. Side view. Bally tober, Co. Antrim.
Spiculum ? South of Ballycarry Station, Co. Antrim.
Polymorphina horrida , Reuss. Near the Gobbins, Co.
Antrim.

Polymorphina damcecornis, Reuss. 1 6 b. Upper surface.

South of Ballycarry Station, Co. Antrim.
Polymorphina damcecornis , Reuss. Near the Gobbins,
Co. Antrim.

Rotalia vel Planorbulina ? With each chamber symmet-
rically perforated. Black Hill, Co. Antrim.
Ramulina Icevis , gen. et sp. nov. Jones. Sallagh Braes,
Co. Antrim.

Ramulina brachiala , sp. nov. Jones. Keady Hill, Co.
Derry.

The figures are all enlarged— the line at the side of each indicates the
natural size.

BELFAST NAT. FIELD CLUB

A/z^/Z' ///.

*WM#sroN on. OTWf * sew. itr'/.sn.rssr

WRIGHT — IRISH CRETACEOUS M1CR0Z0A.

X

12 ^

As it is intended to issue, from time to time, further
Lists of the Fauna, Flora, Fossils, and Anti-
quities of the North of Ireland, Members are
requested to preserve this Appendix for binding
with those to be issued in the future.

APPENDIX IY.

RECENT

jfflrmmtfera 0f §jtohm nnir Antrim,

BY

JOSEPH WRIGHT, F.G.S.,

Hon. Assoc, of the Belfast Nut. Hist, and Phil. Soc.

CORRELATION

OF THE

SILURIAN ROCKS OF THE CO. DOWN,

BY

WILLIAM SWANSTON, F.G.S.,

Hon. Assoc, of the Belfast Nat. Hist, and Phil. Soc.,

AND

CHARLES LAPWORTH, F.G.S.

PUBLISHED BY

THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB,

[. Proceedings Belfast Naturalists' Field Club — Appendix , 1876-77*]

RECENT FORAMINIFERA OF DOWN AND ANTRIM.

By JOSEPH WRIGHT, F.G.S.

♦

Notwithstanding the many fine bays and loughs which indent our coast,
and the facility thus afforded for studying our recent Foraminifera, the subject
has hitherto received but little attention from Irish naturalists. In the year
1858 Prof. Williamson published his Monograph on the recent British Forami-
nifera ( 1), and through its pages are frequent references to species found in
Ireland. Most of these were collected by the late George C. Hyndman, in
Carnlough Bay. The year previous to this a series of dredgings had been taken
in Belfast Lough, under the auspices of the British Association ; the fine ma-
terial thus obtained was examined by Prof. Williamson, and yielded 24 species
of Foraminifera.

In 1864 a paper was read by Dr. Alcock before the Lit. and Phil. Soc.,
Manchester, on Natural History Specimens from Connemara. (2.) It included
a very instructive and complete list of Foraminifera, numbering no less than 60
species. They were all collected from shore sand, and one locality, viz., Dog’s
Bay, Roundstone, Connemara. From these three sources we have a list of 65
species, and they comprise all that was known of Irish Foraminifera up to
1875* (3*)

In the autumn of 1875 a number of the Belfast naturalists joined
Mr. Thomas Workman, in his yacht Denburn, for the purpose of dredging in
Belfast Lough and waters adjacent; and thus commenced a series of dredging

(1.) Recent Foraminifera of Great Britain, 1858.

(2.) Proc. Lit. and Phil. Soc., Manchester, Vol. IV., No. 15. Session 1864-5, p. 192.

(3.) In Thompson’s Natural History of Ireland a list of 3T Foraminifera are .riven, but
as in several of these it is uncertain what species were meant, no notice is taken of them in the
above estimate.

102 Wright— Recent Foraminifera of Down and Antrim.

operations which, have been the means of adding considerably to our knowledge
of the Foraminifera around our coast. Gatherings have been taken at 29 sta-
tions ; 7 of these were from Strangford Lough, and the remainder from Belfast
Lough and Channel outside ; 6 were from between tides, the others were from
depths varying from 4 to 72 fms. , the greatest depths attained being in the
vicinity of the Maiden Lighthouses. Strangford Lough was dredged in com-
pany with Mr. S. A. Stewart, F.B.S.E.; the others with Mr. Wm. Swanston,
F.G.S., to whose hearty co-operation much of the success attending these ex-
cursions is due. Already no species have been found, or about 65 per cent,
of our British forms. All of these, with the exception of Lagena striato-punctata ,
occur in Belfast Lough and waters outside, and 95 in Strangford Lough.

I have also examined 9 shore gatherings from various places round our
N.E. coast; these have been contributed by Mr. Wm. Gray, M.R.I.A. They
have been collected with great care from rich foraminiferal sand (see note on
table appended). The results of the examination of these gatherings is given
in the first nine columns of Table lettered A to I.

Strangford Lough is a fine landlocked bay, 21 miles long by about 5 to 7
miles wide, and connected with the sea by a narrow channel 8 miles long,
through which the tides rush in and out furiously. The lough is studded over
with innumerable islands and sunken rocks, the depths being very variable, in
parts attaining 30 to 35 fms. Its waters abound in marine life, especially star-
fishes, the dredges frequently coming up quite choked with them. The Fora-
minifera, though not so numerous in species as in Belfast Lough, are usually of
finer proportions, more especially the Miliolida , which are unusually large and
numerous. At the upper end of the lough the water becomes more or less
brackish, as may be inferred from the occurrence of the brackish water forms,
Trochammina infiata , and macrescens , Quinqueloculina fuse a > and Polystomella
striato-punctata , in shore gatherings taken at Grey abbey and Newtownards.

Belfast Lough being more convenient for operations than Strangford Lough
has been better examined ; the water is shallow throughout, but gets gradually
deeper as we near its mouth. From White Head on its northern entrance to
Orlock Point on its southern side, the greatest depth is 9 to 10 fms., the deepest
parts being near the northern shore ; and this continues also to be the case out-
side the lough. Three miles off the Gobbins, a bold headland situated three
miles N.E. of White Head, the water attains a depth of 60 to 70 fms., and in
the vicinity of the Maiden Lighthouses 70 to 100 fms. Here, however, the
bottom is rocky, and yields little or no fine material. The tides all round the
coast run with great violence. Too much stress cannot be laid on the necessity

Wright — Recent Foraminifera of Down and Antrim. 103

of selecting slack tides for dredging these parts, as otherwise the operations are
certain to end in disappointment and failure.

A table is appended of the stations from which the various gatherings
were taken, with particulars of bathymetrical range, nature of sea bottom,
weight of material brought up, and number of species found. As the quantity
of material dredged varied greatly at different stations, it appeared desirable to
record the weight collected at each place, so as to arrive at a correct estimate
of the relative abundance of foraminiferal life at the various places. (1.)

To my friend Mr. Henry B. Brady, F.R.S., I am deeply indebted for the
kind assistance he has rendered me in the critical examination of the doubtful
species ; and likewise to my friend Mr. William Swanston, F.G.S., for the accu-
rate and artistic drawings in the plate which accompanies this memoir.

The following Foraminifera deserve a passing notice, viz. : —

Biloculina ringens, {Lamk.).

Generally distributed at various depths. A variety of this species is not
uncommon in deep water, small in size, and in contour approaching B. sphcera.

Triloculina oblonga, {Montagu).

Very abundant in Strangford Lough, where the specimens are large and
typical ; in Belfast Lough it is rare, and the specimens usually small.

Lituola globigeriniformis, P . and J.

Not unfrequent in Belfast Lough and Strangford Lough; and it also occurs
plentifully in Cork Harbour and Kinsale Harbour.

Lagena sulcata, W. and J.

The costae on this species are sharply defined, about every alternate one
extending up the neck, round which they are usually somewhat twisted.

Lagena costata, {Will.).

This species differs from the last in being entosolenian; in full-grown ex-
amples the shell is spherical, with the costae slightly raised and very regular,
extending to near the neck, where they usually end abruptly, the remainder
being smooth, as is also the neck, which is short. The texture of the shell is
more glassy than in L. sulcata. Williamson’s figure represents a young speci-

(1.) A very ingenious dredge has been constructed by Mr. David Robertson, F.G.S., of
Glasgow. It dips deep into the bottom and fills quickly. It has an advantage over the ordi-
nary dredges in this respect, as each haul brings up a very uniform quantity of the sea bottom.
See notes on the recent Foraminifera and Ostracoda of the Firth of Clyde, by David Robert-
son, F.G.S. — Trans. Geol. Soc. of Glasgow, Vol. V., Part I., p. 112.

104 Wright— Recent Foraminifera of Down and Antrim.

men; in this state it has no neck, the shell is thin and sufficiently transparent to
show the internal tube.

Lagena Williamsoni, ( Alcock ).

This form differs from Lagena costata , to which it is closely allied, in being
smaller in size, less spherical in shape, and the sulci more sharply defined Its
chief peculiarity, however, is in the neck, which is short, and formed of two
distinct portions — the first directly continuous with the body, and ornamented
with two or three rows of hexagonal reticulations; the second a small cylindrical
tube, continued from the centre of it. This form is abundant everywhere round
our coast, and common in the Estuarine Clay at Magheramome, County Antrim.

Lagena striato-punctata, P. and J.

A few examples of this Lagena were met with in Strangford Lough; one
specimen was also found in Cork Harbour. Abundant in the Estuarine Clay at
Magheramome, County Antrim (i).

Lagena hispida, Reuse.

Ovate, surface covered with numerous blunt spines having a tendency to
run into one another in longitudinal rows ; a very rare species, only a few ex-
amples having been found. It is new to Britain.

Lagena Jeffreysii, Brady.

Only one example found ; transverse section round. Mr. H. B. Brady,
F.R.S., informs me “that the species is usually slightly quadrate in transverse
contour, but sometimes quite round; is always slightly aculeate; theacnlei quite
spinous and pointed, very numerous and minute, and the neck commonly with
spiral ornamentation. It often has to be washed with hot solution of some al-
kali to get the encrusting dirt off, as it seems without this a mere rough form
that catches dirt.”

Lagena trtgono-marginata, P. and J.

A three-sided form of Lagena marginata. Very rare.

Lagena oblonga, ( Seguenza ).

A three-sided form of Lagena lucida. Very rare. A few examples have
been found in the Estuarine Clay at Magheramome, County Antrim.

(i.) I am indebted to my friend Prof. T. Rupert Jones, F.R.S., for his opinion on this
Lagena and for some of the other Foraminera given in this list.

Wright — Recent Foraminifera of Down and Antrim. 105

Vaginulina legumen, (Linn. ).

Large and abundant in the deep water of Strangford Lough.

Vaginulina linearis, {Montagu).

Large and abundant in the deep water in the vicinity of the Maiden Light-
houses.

TiNOPORUS LUCIDUS, Brady MS.

Generally distributed, but usually occurring in a very fragmentary state.
Living specimens were found in the deep water in Strangford Lough, as also in
the vicinity of the Maiden Lighthouses. This species is abundant in Dog’s
Bay, Connemara ; it also occurs in Kinsale Harbour,- and Cork Harbour. A
few examples have been met with in the Estuarine Clay, Magheramorne, County
Antrim.

Discorbina parisiensis, (D'Orb.).

This species has not hitherto been recorded as British. It was first found
in shore sand near Greyabbey, Strangford Lough; spire depressed, and exhibit-
ing in fine state the characteristic dotted lines on the inferior surface. It has
since been found in abundance in several of the shallow water gatherings in
Belfast Lough, the specimens being usually more conical than those from Grey-
abbey (see figs 2 a, 2 b). It has been also found in Kinsale Harbour, and occurs,
fossil, in the Estuarine Clay at Magheramorne, County Antrim. Mr. H. B.
Brady writes me with reference to this species “ The specimens of Discorbina
farisiensis are all very minute, and they vary considerably in contour, some
having the thin sharp edge, and low conical figure of D’Orbigny’s Models,
whilst others are round-edged and thicker; all have the characteristic stnation
of the inferior surface. The latter variety approximates closely to the charac-
ters of D. obtusa , and suggests the near relationship of the two forms. It should
be observed that D . parisiensis has been obtained of the Rev. A. M. Norman,
in dredgings from the North Atlantic, whilst D. obtusa is not only of frequent
occurrence in the Arctic Seas, but has been found on our own shores.”

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.

Fig. i . Discorbina parisiensis, (D’Orb. ). I a, upper surface; I b , lower surface;

1 c , edge view, x 60, diam. ; I d, fragment of lower surface, showing-
structure, greatly enlarged. Shore sand, Greyabbey, Strangford
Lough, County Down.

,, 2. Discorbina parisiensis, (D’Orb. ). 2 a, upper surface; 2 b , lower surface;

2 c, edge view; x 6odiam. Off Grey Point, 6 fms.

„ 3. Trochammina gordialis, P. and J. x 60 diam. Off Black Head, 20

fms.

„ 4. Tinoporus lucidus, Brady MS. 4 a, upper surface; 4 b , edge -view;

x 40 diam. White Knowe, Strangford Lough, 6 fms.

,, 5. Tinoporus lucidus, Brady MS. Encrusting a stem of polyzoan; x 30

diam. Off Maiden Lighthouses, 60 fms.

„ 6. Lituola globigeriniformis, P. and J. x 60 diam. Off Maiden Light-

houses, 60 fms.

,, 7. Lagena hispida, Reuss. x 60 diam. Off Black Head, 18 fms.

,, 8. Lagena trigono-marginata, P. and J. 8 a, side view; 8 b, end view-

showing aperture; x 60 diam. Off White Head, 7 fms.

,, 9. Lagena oblonga, (Seguenza). 9 a, side view; 9 b, end view, showing

aperture; x 60 diam. Off White Head, 10 fms.

,, 10. Lagena sulcata , W. and J. x 60 diam. Off Black Head, 18 fms.

,, 11. Lagena costata , (Will.), x 60 diam. Off Black Head, 18 fms.

„ 12. Lagena costata, (Will.). A young specimen, x 60 diam. Off Maiden
Lighthouses, 60 fms.

,, 13. Lagena costata , (Will.). Bilocular, x 60 diam. Off Orlock Point,
11 fms.

„ 14. Lagena Williamsmi, (Alcock). x 60 diam. Off White Knowe, Strang-
ford Lough, 6 to 8 fms.

„ 15. Lagena Jeffrey sii, Brady, x 60 diam. Off Maiden Lighthouses,
62 fms.

27oc 2#2asl2Vat77z2d 67ul. 2277- 77- (2fy?en2i2j 27. 2J7

StVAHSTOH, DEL

WRI GHT-FORAMINIFERA OF DOWN AND ANTRIM

ARCHER i SOHS. L/TH

I

I

iii

IS.

LIST OF LOCALITIES, WITH PARTICULARS OF DEPTH, &c.

Localities.

Bathymetrical

range.

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

Downhill beach, Co. Derry, 5 miles N.W. of Coleraine
Camlough, Co. Antrim, on East, 14 miles N. of Larne

Brown's Bay, Islandmagee, Co. Antrim . .

Ballyholme Bay, Co. Down, x mile E. of Bangor

Ballywalter, Co. Down, 7 miles S. of Donaghadee . .

Ballyhalbert, Co. Down, 4 miles S. of Ballywalter

Cloghy Bay, Co Down, sj miles S. of Ballyhalbert
Ballyhoman Bay, Co. Down, 6 miles E. of Downpatrick ..
Tyrella or Dundtum Bay, Co. Down, 6 miles S. of Downpatrick
Newcastle beach, Co. Down, between Newcastle and Dundrum..

Between tides
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto'
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

XI

12

13

14

15
x6

17

18

19

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28
29

Conswater, between Railway Bridges, brackish

Holy wood Bank . .

Between Carrickfergus and Kilroot

Donaghadee

Off Rockport . . . . . . . . . . . .

Off Carrickfergus

Bangor Bay

Ofi Bangor Bay

Off Grey Point — Mid-channel

Off White Head

Off White Head . .

Off Orlock Point

Off Black Head

Off Black Head

J Mile off Coalpit Bay

2 Miles N.W. of Copeland Island
2 Miles N.E. of Larne ..

2J Miles N.E. of Donaghadee

2 Miles N.E. of Muck Island '

2 Miles S. of Maiden Lighthouses

3 Miles S.S.E. of Maiden Lighthouses

2 Miles S.S.E. of Maiden Lighthouses

Near Newtownards, Strangford Lough, brackish . .

Near Greyabbey, Strangford Lough, slightly brackish
Off White Knowe, Strangford Lough . .

Off Chapel Island, Strangford Lough

Off Bar Rock, Strangford Lough

Off Dononeill, Strangford Lough

Off Marlpool, Strangford Lough

ditto

ditto

ditto

ditto

4 fms

5 fms

4 to s fms

5 fms

6 fms

6 to 7 fins

10 fms

11 fms

15 to 18 fms
20 fms

13 fms

14 fms
22 fms
25 fms
50 fms
60 fms
62 fms
72 fms

Between tides
ditto
6 to 8 fms
8 to 10 fms
10 to 15 fms

12 fms

20 to 25 fms

Sea Bottom.

Sand

Sand

Sand

Said

S4d

Sand ^

Sand . . )' *

Sand . . . . . .

Sand

Sand

Mud

Fine sand

Fine sand . .

Fine sand . .

Sand and dead shells

Coralline . .

Sand and dead shells
Sand and dead shells
Muddy sand and dead shells ...

Coralline and mud — two gatherings . .

Sand and dead shells

Sand

Mud, sand, shells, Polyzoa— six gatherings . .

Sand

Sponges

Sand and shells . . ’

Dead shells . . . .

Sand and dead shells . .

Stones and shells . . . .

Sand

Sand

Sand and Zoophytes— several gatherings . .

Sand . .

Sand . . . .

Mud and sand

Sand . . . . . •

Sand and shells . .

Sand and shells

Sand . .

Relative
quantities
of material
examined.

Number of
Species
from each
locality.

4 oz

33

9 oz

38

1 lb 1 oz

4t

6 oz

3i

6 oz

27

4 oz

42

4 oz

18

9 oz

4i

12 oz

36

4 oz

34

2 lb 4 oz

12

81b

36

81b

26

81b

46

9 oz

49

S oz

66

9 oz

56

3 lb 8 oz

46

3 lb

76

2 lb

66

3 lb

80

8 1b

89

6 lb s oz

92

22 lb

9i

70Z

67

1 lb 9 oz

78

1 oz

21

1 lb 2 oz

38

40Z

3°

8 lb

85

Sib 13 oz

77

11 oz

68

61b

6

3 lb 12 oz

23

81b

85

2 lb 8 oz

73

2 lb 12 oz

54

2 lb

77

5 lb

52

Note. — The first nine gatherings, lettered A to I, have been sent me by Mr. Wm. Gray, M.R.LA., arcomp^ied vritk a note riw^^the^j jfnfs ieft by the
Herewith I send you nine samples Foraminiferal sand. All the samples were collected off .lbe surface o However" I wmild not place any value on the rela+:"“

receding tide. Injme cases I : Jwas able to Ufa a ^aner^gathering of the organic Sounder which the sew

proportions of sand and organic remains from the respective stations, as the proportion must vary
gatherings were made."

.tive

several

if/

TABLE SHEWING THE DISTRIBUTION OP FORAMINIFERA IN THE COUNTIES OF DOWN AND ANTRIM.

[ Proceedings Belfast Naturalists ’ Field Club— Appendix , 1876-77.]

OS THE SILURIAN ROCKS OF THE COUNTY DOWS.

Part I. — Correlation.

BY WILLIAM SWANSTON, F.G.S.,

. #

Hon. Assoc, of the Belfast Nat. Hist, and Phil. Soc.

-*=§=«*

INTRODUCTION.

In a paper which I had the honour of reading before the Club in March, 1875,
I endeavoured to give some particulars of a series of fossils which I had obtained
from the Silurian rocks of the County Down. At that time I had succeeded in
procuring them from only one locality — Coalpit Bay, near Donaghadee, — and
the results did not exceed fifteen species. Further research in the same locality,
and a more extended examination of the district, have been rewarded by a large
addition to the list, affording better evidence than has hitherto been available
for determining the geological position of the rocks in which they are found.

The Silurian rocks of County Down form part of an area which is rudely
triangular in form. A line drawn from Grey Point on the shore of Belfast
Lough in a south-westerly direction through Holywood, along the valley of the
Lagan, by Lisburn and Waringstown, would mark its north-western boundary.
The Irish Sea bounds it on the east, and to the south the Carboniferous lime-
stone forms the base of the figure by an irregular line running westward from
Drogheda. It comprises the greater parts of the Counties of Down, Armagh,
Monaghan, Louth, Meath, and Cavan. The district is an agricultural one,
its surface of an undulating or hillocky character, possessing few elevations
deserving the title of mountains, the granitic areas of Moume, Carlingford,
and Ballynahinch being excepted. It is not intended in the present paper to

G

I08 Swanston— Silurian Rocks of Co. Down.

do more than notice the rocks which occupy the north-eastern portion of the
area situated wholly in the County Down.

PREVIOUS NOTICES OF THE DISTRICT.

Perhaps the earliest reference to the rocks of this area is that by Drs.
Berger and Conybeare, made in 1816. (i) These pioneers of Irish Geology
pointed out the similarity between the County Down rocks and those of South
Scotland. On the large geological map compiled by Sir Richard Griffith in 1839
the area is put down as Clay-slate or Greywacke-slate belonging to the Transition
series. Dr. Bryce in 1852 stated as follows (2) ' “The County Down con-

tained two granitic tracts which seem to have been elevated at different epochs.
They are separated from one another, and each is wholly enclosed by a thick
band of metamorphic slate, gneissose in its lower part, and passing upwards
into flinty and common clay-slate. Superimposed conformably upon these are
other slates of less crystalline type, whose aggregate thickness is enormous,
and whose upper portions have yielded a few imperfect fossils, which seem to
make them referable to the Lower Silurian Group ; but as yet no definite line
has been made out to justify a classification.” Sir Roderic Murchison states
in 1854 (3) : — “ It is believed that the Schists of Down are of the same age as
the Graptolitic Schists of Wigton and Galloway. ” J . Beete Jukes, F. R. S., after
referring to the Chair of Kildare, which contains Bala fossils (4), states that
“ another great tract of apparently similar beds stretches from the centre of Ire-
land, Cavan, &c., to the coast of Down. Among these, however, a portion
certainly belongs to the Llandeilo Flags, as near Bellewstown, on the confines
of Dublin and Meath, an assemblage of Llandeilo fossils were found.

Many years ago it was known to members of the Club that Graptolites
occurred in the County Down, and specimens were obtained by them at Tully-
garvan, near Saintfield, from the debris of a shaft which was there sunk in the
Silurian rocks in search for coals (5); none were, however, sufficiently perfect for
identification.

(1) . Transactions of the Geological Society of London, Vol. III.

(2) . Report of the British Association (1852).

(3) . Siluria (1854)— foot note, p. 166.

(4) . Manual of Geology (1862), p. 454.

(5) . The slightest knowledge of the evidence furnished by these fossils would have saved a
vast amount of useless expenditure and misdirected efforts here, and at many other localities
throughout the district. The projectors in their search for coals were doubtless imsled by the
resemblance of the black Graptolitic bands to the rich carbonaceous shales of the Coal
Measures.

Swanston — Silurian Rocks of Co. Down. 109

The Geological Survey in its progress northward has almost completed
the mapping of this area. The maps of the County Down were published in
1871-72(1). The Silurians are either set down on them in general terms as
Lower Silurian, or areas indicated by letters but whose boundaries are often
undefined, are assigned to the Bala or Caradoc, and to the Llandeilo. In their
examinations of the rocks several fossil localities were discovered which had
hitherto been overlooked, and in the “ Explanatory Memoirs ” lists of species
were published from time to time (2).

The want of precision throughout the foregoing notices is no doubt due to
the highly disturbed nature of the strata and comparatively uniform lithological
character of the rocks, making the determination of their stratigraphical rela-
tions a matter of very great difficulty. This difficulty was much enhanced by
the absence, until very recently, of fossil evidence sufficient to allow their
correlation with other deposits.

LITHOLOGICAL CHARACTER OF THE ROCKS OF THE
DISTRICT.

Lithologically the rocks consist for the greater part of grey and purple
grits — occasionally conglomeritic— pale grey or greenish slates and flags, and a
few widely separated bands of black shales. The latter, though forming but a
small portion of the entire rocks here exposed, constitute a group which will
claim most attention in the following brief notice. In them are found all the
fossils which are enumerated in the accompanying table, and it is from a careful
study of their fossil contents that we are enabled to arrive at an estimate of
their geological position, and that of the barren grits and slates associated with
them. The usual dip of the rocks is to the south-east and south, at angles
varying from 30° to vertical. Their continuity is much disturbed by faults and
contortions, and their upturned edges, where exposed, bear evidence of having
suffered much from denundation. Almost the entire rocks of the area are
obscured by drift, and with the exception of the coast-line, few good sections
can be seen. The grey and purple grits have not as yet yielded any fossil
remains, and it is only within the past few months that they have been
detected in the grey slates, a notice of which will be given further on.

(1) . Geological Survey of Ireland, maps 29, 36, 37, 38, 47, 48 and 49.

(2) . Explanatory Memoirs, accompanying maps 37, 38, 29, 48, 49, 50, and 61.

10

Swanston— Silurian Rocks of Co. Down.

FOSSIL LOCALITIES.

Tieveshilly. — About two miles south of Portaferry, and a short distance
east of the bridge on the main road over Carstown Burn, are several quarries
formerly worked for roofing- slate. The quarries are low lying, and in winter
aie filled with water. In dry seasons, however, the rock can be reached, and
proves to be thin fissile slates and flags, varying in colour from almost black to
pale greenish gray : the dip is nearly vertical, and they have the usual strike
of about N.E. and S. W. The dark bands are very fossiliferous, and many of
the fossils are beautifully preserved ; fifteen species have been obtained from
this locality, all, with the exception of one crustacean, belonging to the Grap-
tolitidse .

Coalpit Bay.(i) — This locality is situated on the shore, about three-
quarters of a mile south of Donaghadee, and is only accessible when the tide is
low. As it is the best exposure of these fossil-bearing rocks, a more detailed
account of it is here given.

A series of massive grey grits and slates occur to the southward of the
little bay, dipping at high angles to the south, and terminating northward in a
low escarpment. At their base we find the following rocks, upon which they
apparently rest conformably : —

I. Massive black slates, with several light-coloured clay bands ; the slates
containing, among others, the following characteristic fossils : —

Rastrites peregrinus, var. hy-
BRIDUS, Lapw.

Monograptus Sedgwickii, Portl.

„ INTERMEDIUS, var. PROTEUS,
Barr.

Cephalograptus (Diplograptus)

Monograptus tenuis, Portl.

,, lobiferous, M'Coy.
Diplograptus Hughesii, Nick.

,, sinuatus, Nick.

,, TAMARISCUS, Nick.

COMeta, Geinitz. - - io feet.

2. Dark green mudstones, with several bands, each from two to four
inches thick, of buff and light purple clays — unfossiferous — 35 feet.

(1). So named from a futile attempt to find coals in the black Graptolitic slates here ex-
posed.

Swanston— Silurian Rocks of Co. Down.

hi

3. Massive black slates and shales rich in fossils ; the following are a few
of the most characteristic : —

Rastrites peregrinus, Barr.
Monograptus gregarius, Lapw.

,, concinnus, Lapw.

,, Sandersoni, Lapw.

„ triangulatus, Harkn.

,, spiralis, var. fimbriatus,
Nich.

Diplograptus folium, His.

,, TAMARISCUS, Nich.

,, VESICULOSUS, Nich.

Dimorphograptus elongatus,
Lapw.

Discinocaris Browniana, Woodw.
Dawsonia campanulata, Nich.

This area is considerably covered with shingle and sand, and the rocks are
intersected by several faults carrying them to the north-east ; their thickness
may be set down at about - - - - - 100 feet.

4. A dyke composed of pale grey finely crystalline calcareous rock

running easterly (1) .... 6 feet.

5. Pale grey and greenish mudstones, greatly shattered and unfossili-

ferous. ...-- about 65 feet.

Near the base of these mudstones is a thin band of black shale greatly
crushed, in which no fossils have yet been detected, but higher up in the mud-
stones a fragment of black shale, about two feet in diameter and several inches
thick was found containing well-marked specimens of Dicellograptus Forcham -
mcriy Geinitz.

6. Black shales highly indurated and containing numerous flinty bands,
and nodules and veins of iron pyrites. The less altered portions are
rich in fossils and have yielded the following : —

Climacograptus tricornis, Carr.
„ ccelatus, Lapw.

„ bicornis, var. peltifer,

Lapw .

Dicellograptus elegans, Carr.

Dicranograptus formosus, Hopk.
Dicranograptus zic zac ,var. min-
nimus, Lapw.

Acrotreta Nicholsoni, Dav.
Acrothele granulata, Linrs.

These shales are too much shattered and crumpled to allow of their thick-
ness being exactly estimated. It may, however, be roughly put down at about
50 feet. They form the ridge of a sharp anticlinal, which has for its axis

(1). Geological Survey of Ireland — Explanatory memoir to sheets 37, 38, & 39. p. 31.

1 12

Swanston — Silurian Rocks of Co. Down.

another series of mudstones somewhat resembling those noted in paragraph 5
of this section. The succeeding rocks in order, still going northward, are a
repetition of the mudstones noted in paragraph 5, partially hidden by sand.
No rocks are now seen for about 60 feet, and a fault here breaks the continuity
of the section, the next beds exposed being —

7. Black fissile shales and slates dipping S. 20 E. at 750. These sud-
denly curve over to the opposite direction, and a few feet further
north regain their original dip.

The section is again lost for several hundred feet, and the next rock ex-
posed is massive grey grits and slates, similar to those on the south side of the
bay, and having the normal dip of the rocks of the district.

Tullygarvan. — This fossil locality is situated about one and a half miles
-east of Ballygowan Railway station (Belfast and County Down Railway), in
the bed of a small stream which flows eastward through the grounds of Tully-
garvan House. The rocks near to the shaft which was sunk in search for coals
are of a black carbonaceous character, greatly contorted, and much stained with
iron. No fossils have yet been detected in them ; but judging from the few
traces obtained from the debris of the sinking, and from the character of their
associated mud-stones, they seem to correspond with those in the axis of the
anticlinal at Coalpit Bay. Black-slates are exposed further up the stream in
several places, yielding in all seven species of Graptolites, referable to the beds
described in paragraph 3 of the same locality ; thus pointing to the probability
that the rocks here shewn are the westerly extension of those beds.

Orlock Point. — On the shore to the north-east of the coastguard station,
black and red shales are exposed between tide marks for about 200 yards.
They are bounded on the north and south by purple slates, dipping S. 20 E. at
angles varying from 40° to vertical. It is impossible, however, to arrive at the
order of occurrence of the black and red shales here exposed, as they are much
disturbed by minor faults cutting through them in various directions. The con-
tinuity of the section is also broken by a dyke of fine grained Elvanite 10 feet
wide, running from west to east, almost in the direction of the strike of the
rocks. This dyke undoubtedly occupies the line of a more important fault as
we find the rocks on the south side of it consist of black flinty shales, while to
the north these are replaced by brown and purple arenaceous beds which pass

Swanston— Silurian Rocks of Co. Down.

113

up into the prevailing purple and grey slates of the district. Graptolites have
been found in the less altered portions of the black shales, they are, however,
very indistinct, and onlv two species — Leptograptus flaccidus, Hall, and Dip-
lograptus truncatus , Lapw.=#m/A, His. — could with certainty be made out. In
a thin pale grey arenaceous band associated with them occur plant remains,
which have been identified as belonging to the genus Buthotrephis , but appar-
ently of a species not hitherto figured.

Carnalea. — On the shore north of Carnalea Railway Station (Belfast,
Holywood and Bangor Railway) just where a small stream flows into the Lough,
there is a small exposure of black shales almost vertical. To the south-east
they abut against grey slates and grits, and seaward they are covered with
shingle and sand. These black shales are rich in fossils, but from the shivery
nature of the beds they are usually in a fragmentary state. Among the most
characteristic are the following : —

Diplograptus truncatus, Lapw. Dicellograptus Forchammeri,

„ quadrimucronatus, Hall. Geinitz.

Lasiograptus Harknessi, Nick. „ elegans, Carr.

Retiolites fibratus, Lapw. Leptograptus flaccidus, Hall.

Climacograptus tubuliferus, Lapnv.

Crawfordsburn. — Immediately opposite Crawfordsburn House, on the
shore near low water mark, grey mudstones and black shales occur, the general
strike of which is N. 20 E. In one place, however, the beds are broken
sharply across, bent in a direction exactly at right angles to it, and in part
inverted. Fossils are few and fragmentary.

Ballygrot. — This locality, named from the townland in which it occurs,
is near Grey Point, and is also situated on the shore. The rocks consist of a
series of pale green mudstones and black shales, which are again followed by
a band of grit and an exposure of several hundred feet of black ferruginous
shales, containing flinty bands, and which are much threaded with quartz.
Faulted against these to the north is a series of purple and grey shales, which
are again followed by black shales similar in character to last. Irregularly
bedded grits and slates succeed these, and prevail for a considerable distance.
No fossils have been detected in the grey or purple shales, but the less altered

Swanston— Silurian Rocks of Co. Down.

114

portions of the black ferruginous bands are exceedingly rich, and have yielded
a large series, among which are the following : —

Diplograptus tricornis, Carr.

,, ANGUSTIFOLIUS, Hall.

Glossograptus Hincksii, Nich.

CLATHOGRAPTUS CUNEIFORMS,

Climacograptus Scharenbergi,
Lapw.

„ BICORNIS, Hall.

,, ,, var. pel-

TIFER, Lapw.

„ ,, var. tri-

DENTATUS, LapW.

,, CCELATUS, Lapw.

,, PEREXCAVATUS,

Lapw.

Dicranograptus ramosus, Hall.

„ Nicholsoni, Hopk.

„ FORMOSUS, Hopk.

Dicellograptus Moffatensis,
Carr.

„ „ van

DIVAR1CATUS, Hall.
Didymograptus superstis, Lapw ,

CCENOGRAPTUS GRACILIS, Hall.

„ PERTENUIS, Lapw.

„ SURCULARIS, Hall.

Thamnograptus typus, Hall.

CORYNOIDES CALICULARIS, Nick.

„ curtus, Lapw.

Craigavad. — The fossils noted from this locality were obtained from the
railway cutting about three-quarters of a mile east of the station. A very
small exposure of black shales occur associated with purple shales and grits.
The few fossils obtained point to the similarity between the containing beds
and those of Ballygrot, of which they are doubtless the south-westerly exten-
sion.

The accompanying table gives a list of the fossils which I have collected
from the foregoing localities. The total number is seventy-five species and thir-
teen named varieties, in all representing twenty-five genera. This is exclusive
of many doubtful forms that have been laid aside waiting better specimens to
enable their identification ; also, several that are undoubtedly new, but which
are either too fragmentary or badly preserved to warrant a diagnosis.

The following is a synopsis of those already named, shewing the zoological
groups to which they belong : —

SUB-KINGDOM.

CLASS.

Species.

Varieties.

Ccelenterata.

Annulosa.

Mollusca.

Plant/e.

Riiabdophora.

Crustacea.

Brachiopoda.

68

3

3

1

13

Swanston— Silurian Rocks of Co. Down. 115

It will be noticed from the foregoing that a large proportion of the fossils
belongs to one class- namely, the Rhabdophora or Graptolithina. It is not my
intention to offer any suggestions as to the conditions which prevailed during
the deposition of these fossiliferous black bands, conditions alike favourable to
this singular group of organisms, and apparently unsuitable to others. It may
be observed, however, that no group affords a better index to the palgeontolo-
gist in his endeavours to unravel the sequence of rocks of Silurian age than
does the Graptolithina. The number of known species is very large, and it has
been ascertained that the vertical range of most of them is very restricted-
many, indeed, being confined to zones of but a few inches in thickness. The
immense profusion also in which they frequently occur stamps each zone with a
character easily recognisable by those who study their form and character.

The similarity of the County Down rocks to those in South Scotland was
conjectured, as before stated, so early as 1815. This conjecture appears to
have been founded more upon the general appearance of the rocks of the two
areas than upon any positive evidence that was then obtained from them
Subsequent writers did little but repeat these early opinions ; and I am unable
to find any evidence adduced tending to prove their identity.

The true relationship of the Silurian strata of South Scotland, and their
exact position in the geological system, were long a matter of debate, and claimed
the attention of many of the best geologists of Britain. To Mr. Charles Lap-
worth, of St. Andrews, is, however, due the honour of having finally succeeded
in unravelling the many knotty problems which the rocks of that district pre-
sented. A brief resume of the conclusions arrived at by that gentleman, as
given in a most exhaustive paper read before the Geological Society of Lon-
don (1), may here be given, as I trust to be able to prove that they bear with
equal force upon the rocks of the area under consideration.

The Silurians of South Scotland are best shown in the neighbourhood of
the town of Moffat, in Dumfries. The prevailing rocks consist of a vast series
of grey and purple greywackes and slates, with occasional bands of conglome-
rates, all dipping somewhat uniformly to the N. N. W. at high angles. Exposed
in some of the deeper valleys and stream courses is another set of rocks of a
totally different character, consisting of black carbonaceous shales and slates,
swarming with Graptolites; associated with these beds are pale green and grey
unfossiliferous mudstones. These black shales and their associated mudstones,
which have been aptly designated the Moffat Series, occupy lenticular or boat-
shaped areas in the mass of the barren greywackes, and form extended lines

(1.) Quarterly Journal Geol. Soc,, London. Vol. XXXIV., p. 240.

H

Ii6

Swanston— Silurian Rocks of Co. Down.

more or less parallel, and often miles in length. They are found at intervals
throughout the northern half of the uplands, from the North Sea to the Irish
Channel, and follow the general direction of the strike of the beds. Their
well-marked mineralogical character and their peculiar fauna at once distin-
guish them from the monotonous greywackes, and afford the geologist data
upon which to work out the interrelation of the rocks of the entire series.
Without attempting to follow the author in his description of the many sections
and diagrams given in elucidation of his subject, I may briefly state that the
rocks are found to be arranged in elongated anticlinals, running in a direction
from about N.E. to S.W., and that the sub-parallel bands of black graptolitic
shales of the Moffat Series form the axes of these anticlinals, and are only seen
where denudation has cut sufficiently deep to expose them. The Moffat Series
is thus proved to have been one continuous deposit, inferior in position to the
prevailing greywackes through which it rises. Where best exposed the Moffat
Series naturally falls into three divisions - an Upper, Middle, and Lower —
named respectively the Birkhill, Hartfell, and Glenkiln Shales, from the several
localities in which each division attains its greatest development. These three
divisions possess distinctive lithological features ; but as the entire group is full
of perplexing contortions and inversions, and as the continuity of the beds is
greatly broken by numerous faults running in different directions, it was impos-
sible to work out their sequence from stratigraphical evidence alone. The aid
afforded by the contained fossils is, however, most satisfactory, and has enabled
the author not only to prove that the divisions must be assigned to different
geological periods, but they are each divisible into several distinct zoological zones.

The correlation of these various sub-divisions with the typical Silurian area
in Wales, and their foreign equivalents, is gone into with great minuteness by
the author. I shall content myself by merely giving the conclusions arrived at,
and beg to direct those anxious for further details in this department of the
subject to the paper itself.

The lowest, or Glenkiln Shales, have been referred to the Upper Llandeilo,
their nearest representatives in Wales being beds of that age yielding Grapto-
lites, in the neighbourhood of Llandridod, Meadow Town, and Aberiddy Bay.
Their American and Swedish equivalents bear out this view, and point to a
high position for them in the Upper Llandeilo Series. The Hartfell beds have
been proved to be the attenuated representatives of the Bala and Caradoc, and
the Birkhill Shales correspond with the Coniston mudstones of the Lake Dis-
trict, which are of Lower Llandovery age. The accompanying table will
give more clearly these Scottish divisions and sub-divisions, and I shall now
proceed to give the evidence that has enabled me to append the columns relat-
ing to County Down.

Table shewing the Divisions and Sub-Divisions of the Moffat Series , and their

equivalents in County Down .

S_ f/5

s a

^3 O

| s.

12

o

.. w

1 &

Is

o

do

H

rf £

1 is.

(L) i — i ™

03 O

hwu

a>

XI
c n

6 ^

£ o -

03 c3 Oh

WOP

•ITBUnjIg 3IPPIH

rP

M

rv.

£

’E

& O

^ Ph
p ’a

0

u

1
15

H o

PQ j

TJ

-dy

£ O

o3 _r

P° cf

^ c5

4-J ^

H-> >

rf

■§.&

o3 G

O oS

o s

u u

UU

vd

CO

CO

CO

d

c«

_ ;/)

in 0)

^ 15

o5

D

o3 ^

p

1-0 c n

CO

CO

£3 1u

-S

<U hP

tP eS

6

o3 Hri

w K

jy

5

• Sh

Oh £

fi.

P> (-1

Wq

CJ

o

T3

rtf

o

Jh

Ctf

■<U

u

Tj

S-<

o

Pi

of

o3

Cu

CQ

£>

•ireunpg

J3AVO'J[

n8 Swanston— Silurian Rocks of Co. Down.

As before stated, the section at Coalpit Bay is the best exposure of these
fossil-bearing rocks in the district. The lowest are barren mudstones, which
form the axis of a sharp anticlinal, and are followed by black flinty shales con-
taining II species of Graptolites. The same species, associated with 15 others,
are also found at Ballygrot, where a wider area of rock is exposed, thus indi-
cating that the rocks of these widely separated localities are but parts of the
same bed. This group of 26 species enables us at once to correlate these beds
with those of South Scotland ; and it is interesting to find that they agree al-
most fossil for fossil with those from the representative localities of Berrybush
Burn and Black Linn, which are the upper beds of the Glenkiln Shales. The
small exposure in the railway cutting near Craigavad has also yielded fossils of
this age, and is doubtless but a south-westerly extension of the Ballygrot Beds.
The same may be said of the black shales still farther to the south-west, in a
quarry near Cultra, although I have not been able to procure any recognisable
fossils from the greatly crushed rocks of this latter locality.

The lower Glenkiln Shales, which in South Scotland are comparatively
unfossil iferous, may be represented in Ireland by the grey mudstones which
form the centre of the anticlinal at Coalpit Bay, and by the series of unfossilife-
rous grey and purple shales associated with the black bands at Ballygrot.

The next beds in ascending order at Coalpit Bay are the barren mudstones
noted in the detailed account of that locality at paragraph 5. The only fossils
found associated with them were obtained from a fragment of black shale
folded up in their broken strata. This fragment had doubtless been derived
from some bed intimately associated with the mudstones, and which may yet
be detected in situ among the shattered black bands at their base. The fossils
which it has yielded, though few in variety, include Dicellograptus Forchammeri,
Geinitz ; Climacograptus, sp. ? and Diplograptus truncatus , Lapw. species
highly characteristic of a thin, but persistent, band of shale occurring near the
base of the barren mudstones of the Upper Division of the Hartfell Series (1).
This circumstance, coupled with the identity in lithological character of the
barren beds in the two countries, leaves no doubt but that these Coalpit Bay
Mudstones are the representative of that sub-division. This being admitted, it
is evident that the rich beds of the Lower Hartfell Series are absent here,
having either thinned out or been lost by faulting. The latter view is more
probable, as we find them undoubtedly represented by the fossiliferous black-
shales of Carnalea, which have yielded ten species of Graptolites, the following
six species being peculiar to that sub-division:— Diplograptus truncatus , Lapw.;
Diplograptus qua dr im ucronatus, Hall; Lasioqraptus Harknessi, Nich.; Retiolites

Swanston— Silurian Rocks of Co. Down.

119

fibratus , Lapw. ; Climacograptus tubuliferus , Lapw. ; and Dicellograptus For-
chammeri , Geinitz. The remaining four species are common to the Hartfell,
and the underlying Glenkiln Shales. So far as can be judged from the meagre
list of fossils obtained at Orlock Point, the beds there exposed also belong to
this group.

Again returning to the section in Coalpit Bay, we find the mudstones
which have just been referred to the Upper Hartfell Series are separated from
the next beds in ascending order, by a dyke which runs almost parallel to the
strike, and which seems to occupy the line of an east and west fault. The
rocks immediately south of this dyke are very rich in fossils, 36 species having
been obtained from them, although the area exposed is of but very limited
extent. The palaeontological break between these and the preceding beds is
most complete, not one of the extensive series of fossils being common to the
two rock groups. Not only are the species different, but a marked change
also takes place in the generic character of the fauna. All the old types of
compound forms such as Ccenograptus, Thamnograptus, Dicellograptus,
Dicranograptus, Leptograptus, &c., have disappeared, and their places have
been supplied by the simpler genera Monograptus and Rastrites.

This extensive series of fossils admits at once of the correlation of the con-
taining beds with the Birkhill Shales of the Moffat District, with the lower
division of which as exposed at Dobbs Linn they almost exactly correspond,
both in lithological character and fossil contents. In these beds also for the
first time in the County Down rocks are we enabled to identify the life-zones
so ably worked out in the Scottish beds. The zone of Diplograptus aciim-
minatus , which is at the base of Birkhill Shales, is found, in part at least, quite
close to the dyke above mentioned. The well-marked zone of Diplograptus
vesiculosus follows it with a rich assemblage of species, often beautifully pre-
served. The succeeding zone of Monograptus gregarius is also easily recog-
nised by the immense profusion in which that fossil, associated with Rastrites
peregrinus (type) and other forms abound in it.

A series of greenish grey mudstones, with thin layers of white clay, sepa-
rates the foregoing zones from the next fossil bands. The upper horizon of this
barren group is in Scotland taken as the boundary line between the Lower and
Upper Birkhills. The only other zone which can with certainty be recognised
at Coalpit Bay, is that of Diplograptus (Cephalograptus) cometa, which occurs
at the top of the fossil bearing beds. It is just possible that the zone of Mono-
graptus spinigerus—Sedgwicki, which follows the latter in Scotland, may be
(1). Quartl. Journal Geol. Soc., London. Vol. XXXIV., p. 316.

I20 Swanston— Silurian Rocks of Co. Down.

represented and in part combined with it, as several of its most characteristic
fossils have been detected in its highest bands

The top of the Upper Birkhill Shales, marked by the zone of Rastrites
maximus , has not yet been detected in Ireland ; did it occur, its peculiar
group of fossils would at once make it recognisable. Judging, however, from
the fact that these upper beds thin out as they extend westward from the
typical Moffat area, and that the zone of R. maximus seems to be absent from
Wigtonshire, it is not likely that it will be detected here.

The grits and slates already referred to, which immediately overlie these
black shales, are similar in lithological character to those of South Scotland.
There they are the principal rock which forms the mountainous region known
as the Southern Uplands; in County Down, however, though equally de-
veloped, their elevation is inconsiderable. As we pass southwards along the
promontary of the Ards, these rocks assume in places a more flaggy and
slaty character, and are in the neighbourhood of Greyabbey extensively quar-
ried and formed into roofing slates. On some of the surfaces exposed at these
quarries traces of organisms have been detected-tracks of annelids are abundant,
—but the only forms that admit of identification are Crossopodia Scotica, M‘Coy ;
Nemertites tenuis , M'Coy; and Nemertites sp. i Still further south, near
Portaferry, bands of dark slate occur containing a group of Graptolites strik-
ingly different from any we have yet met with in the district. The paleonto-
logical break between these and even the highest of the Coalpit Bay zones .s
almost complete. An examination shows that of the 14 species obtained from
them, only 3 are common to the two localities, and the n which make their
appearance for the first time indicate a much higher horizon for the containing
beds than those in the northern portion of the county. These latter beds have
no exact paleontological representatives in the typical districts of Scotland 0
Wales ; their nearest is, perhaps, the rocks of Upper Middle Silurian age known
as the Gala Group, occurring in the neighbourhood of Galashiels (ij The
presence, however, of Monographs Riecartonensis and other Upper Sdunan
species, and the absence of many of the Upper Moffat forms which occurm
that series in South Scotland, points to a higher place in the Silurian Syste
than that to which the Gala Group has been assigned. They are mos p
ably the exact equivalents of the Hawick rocks of Scotland, *ch in erven
between the Gala beds and the Upper Silurian of Riccarton (2); but as

(,). Lapworth, on the Lower Silurian Rocks in the neighbourhood of Galashiels. -Trans.

Edinburgh Geol. Soc., Vol. II., p. 46.

(2). Lapworth, On Scottish Monograptidae-Geo. Mag., 1876. p. 55°.

Swanston— Silurian Rocks of the Co. Down. 121

fossils have yet been detected in these beds in Scotland, the evidence depends
solely upon the peculiar fauna of the Irish beds. Their representatives in the
Lake Disirict are probably the Knock beds exposed near Ambleside, which
are considered to be, if not Upper, at least the passage between the Upper
and the Middle Silurians (1). If this view of their position be admitted, it is
evident that the grey grits and conglomerates which come in between this fossil
band and the black shales at Coalpit Bay naturally fall into the place of the
Gala Series. The evidence— in the absence of reliable fossils— which they
afford tends to support this view. The conglomerates referred to constitute a
well-marked zone, and consist of small pebbles of quarts, flakes of black shale,
&c., in a grey gritty base. They are well shewn in the quarries at Ballygowan
and elsewhere throughout the county, and are identical in character to beds
which mark the base of the Gala Group in Scotland. The remaining rocks of
this series consist of alternations of coarse grits and slates, void of any
peculiar feature upon which to fix a horizon. It is this monotonous character
of strata stretching over such vast areas in both Scotland and Ireland, and
dipping in the same general direction, that has hitherto baffled all' attempts
to unravel their sequence, or define their exact position in the Silurian System.
From the above, however, it is clear that they must be considered as of Gala
age, the position of which is defined as the top of the Middle Silurian.

It will perhaps be difficult to define the boundary line between this
Irish Gala group and the Portaferry beds. The fossils in the latter at Tieve-
shilly undoubtedly occupy only a black slaty band, the horizon of which in the
series has not yet been fixed. The few organisms on the surfaces of the grey
slates near Greyabbey afford very little help, but tend to prove that the rocks
in which they occur belong to the Gala rather than to the Portaferry series.

It is to be hoped that the boundary line between these two sets of rocks
may yet be defined ; but the close resemblance between the unfossiliferous
beds of both, and the heavy covering of drift by which they are hidden, will
render this a work of extreme difficulty.

CONCLUSIONS.

The Silurian Rocks of County Down are from the foregoing proved to belong
to several distinct divisions of the system —

1st. The lowest, exposed at Coalpit Bay, the shales of Ballygrot, Craiga-

(1). Harkness and Nicholson on the Strata and their Fossil Contents, between the Barrow-
dale Series of the North of England and the Coniston Flags. — Quartl. Jourl. Geol. Soc.,
London, Vol. XXXIII., p. 461.

,22 Swanston— Silurian Rocks of Co. Down.

vad, &c. , are the representatives of the Glenkiln Shales, the equivalents
of the Upper Llandeilo of Wales.

2nd. The black shales at Carnalea, and the barren mudstones at Coalpit Bay,
represent respectively the Lower and Upper Hartfell Series, the equiva-
lents of the Bala or Caradoc.

3rd The black shales of Coalpit Bay, characterised by the zones of D. acum-
minatus, D. vesiculosus, M. gregarius, and D. cometa, represent m part
both the Lower and Upper Birkhill shales, which are paralleled with
the Lower Llandoveries.

4th The grits and conglomerates which immediately succeed the latter are of
the same age as the Gala Series, and occupy a high place in the Middle
Silurians.

5th. The black shales and associated flags at Tieveshilly, near Portaferry, oc-
cupy either the extreme top of the Middle, or the base of the Upper
Silurians, and are the highest Silurians yet recognized in the North-east
of Ireland.

The geographical relation of the area under consideration to that of South
Scotland and the general direction of the strike of the rocks in both districts,
would naturally lead to the expectation of a certain degree of similarity between
their geological characters ; from the foregoing, however, it is clear that not
only generally, but in detail, do they correspond in a remarkable degree. While
it would, perhaps, be impossible, owing to the imperfect manner in which the
fossil bands are exposed, to unravel the sequence of the various beds in County
Down from an examination of them alone, the key afforded by the recent re-
searches in the Scottish beds has made the subject a matter of ease. We are
thus enabled for the first time, with some amount of certainty, to arrive at
conclusions regarding the physical geology of the district. The three grapto-
litic shale bands and their associated mudstones have been overlaid by the grits
and conglomerates so conspicuous in the county; all were folded into vast
waves, the crests of which ran in a direction from about north-east to south-
west. ' Subsequent denudation completely altered the contour of the district;
and judging from the remnants of Carboniferous strata at Castle Espie and C ultra,
it seems to have been covered by rocks of that age, and to have been again
upheaved and subjected to denuding agencies, which probably left it in almost
its present state. The granitic protrusions of the Moume and Ballynahinc
Mountains are supposed to have taken place during the Carboniferous epoch,

Swanston— Silurian Rocks of Co. Down. 123

they are certainly subsequent to the deposition of the Silurians, which have
been forced up and highly metamorphosed by them. The north-western
boundary of the Silurian area has been subjected to the greatest amount of
upheaval, and as denudation has reduced all to a somewhat uniform elevation,
the lowest beds are here consequently most exposed. The Ballygrot beds form
the axis of what was the most north-westerly anticlinal, the black shales of
Crawfordsburn, Camalea, and Orlock Point possibly represent waves of minor
importance; while that at Coalpit Bay seems to have been one of considerable

elevation.

Southward of this no exposures of the underlying shales are seen in Down ;
on the contrary, they and the overlying grits and conglomerates sink into a
trough and are covered by higher beds at Portaferry in which the dark
fossiliferous shales of Tieveshilly occur. Still further south, near Ardee, m
County Louth, the underlying beds again come to the surface, the black
Graptolite shales of the Hartfell series being well represented, in association
with arenaceous bands containing other fossils of Bala or Caradoc age.

The foregoing exposition of the Silurian rocks of the County Down has
been very much facilitated by the aid so kindly afforded by Charles Lapworth,
Esq., F.G.S., of St. Andrews, who undertook the revision of the Graptolithina
of our rocks ; to his acuteness and critical judgment it is owing that our list
of species is so extensive, many of the forms would otherwise have escaped
detection. The monograph, with figures of the Graptolites of the County Down,
which accompanies this paper is the most complete hitherto published in
Britain, and I cheerfully acknowledge the obligations under which Irish
geologists are placed for this synopsis of a most difficult group of fossils.

Through the kindness of William Bullock, Esq., of Donaghadee, I have
had access to the fine collection of Coalpit Bay fossils, made by his father
the late William Bullock, Esq. In addition to enriching my collection with a
number of good specimens, Mr. Bullock has also placed a valuable series
from the above locality in the Belfast Museum. The set has been completed,
as far as possible, by a selection from my own collection, embracing forms
representing the various beds, and including several type specimens, all of
which will be available for future reference.

\

I -™

■

ON

THE GRAPTOLITES OF COUNTY DOWN.

By CHARLES LAPWORTH, F.G.S.

The Graptolites discovered by Mr. Swanston in the black carbonaceous shales
among the Silurian rocks of County Down constitute a very distinct assemblage,
which is identical with that afforded by the Graptolitic bands forming the well-
known Moffat Series of the south of Scotland. In Scotland the containing
deposits have already furnished sufficient stratigraphical and palaeontological
evidences to allow of the determination of their natural divisions and subdivi-
sions, and of their precise systematic position in the general succession of Silu-
rian deposits. The black shales of County Down, however, are so excessively
convoluted and shattered, that as yet it has not been found possible to fix either
their total thickness or the characteristics of their component zones. That the
general grouping of the beds among them is essentially similar to, if not iden-
tical with that of the Moffat Series, may nevertheless be regarded as certain.
Exactly as in South Scotland, certain special forms are invariably found in
association, while the proportion of the species, and the lithological features of
the containing beds, are absolutely identical with those of the corresponding
zones of the Moffat Series. It is possible that in the future, local stratigraphi-
cal testimony respecting the inter-relations of the various beds may be detected ;
but the sequence of the different fossil groups in the South of Scotland is so
clear, that beyond demonstrating their identity with those of the Moffat Rocks,
this would add but little to our present knowledge.

The Coalpit Bay Division of the County Down Silurians has yielded all
the Graptolites of the Birkhill shales, with the exception of one special group, viz.,
that of the Rastrites maximus zone, which lies at the very summit of the Moffat

126

Lapworth— Graptolites of Co. Down.

series. This circumstance is very naturally accounted for. The black shale zones
of the Moffat series die out one by one, from above, as we pass outward to the
north-west, from the typical Moffat area. From this cause the Rastrites maxi-
irius is not present in Wigtonshire, and is consequently missing also from the
Black shales of the northern part of County Down, which are actually the
south-westerly extension of the Wigtonshire Silurians. Should the black shales
be detected in the future in the southern districts of the County Down, the
maximus zone will probably be found occupying its natural position immediately
below the greywackes.

The Hartfell shales are as yet less perfectly represented. The Barren
Mudstones of the Upper Hartfell are seen in Coalpit Bay ; and a striking proof
of the perfect identity of these beds is afforded by the fact that they exhibit the
peculiar fossil-bearing seam occasionally visible in the Moffat area. The asso-
ciation of fossils, their state of preservation, and the mineralogical character of
the seam, are precisely identical with those of this persistent seam in Scotland.
The zone at the summit of the Hartfell shales-viz., the zone of Dicellograptus
anceps (Nich.) has not yet been discovered. Neither has any trace been found
of the prolific zone of Plemograptus linearis. The typical, or Dicranograptus
Clingani zone, is indeed the only portion of the Lower Hartfell whose existence
in these deposits has been fully established.

The upper, or fossiliferous portion of the Glenkiln shales, is present at
Ballygrot (Greypoint), and in the section in Coalpit Bay. All its chief charac-
teristic fossils have been already collected from these localities.

The fossils of the overlying sheet of Greywackes and flagstones are those
of the great Greywacke (Gala or Valentian) group of the South of Scotland.
They point to a comparatively high place in this group. The association is such
as we might expect in the Hawick Rocks, which lie at the summit of the Middle
Silurians of the South of Scotland, but which have not hitherto afforded any
determinable species of Graptolithina.

The forms common to Ireland and Scotland may be seen on an inspection
of the table (p. 124), where the range of the Irish species in the typical Scottish

series is given. '

The Irish species of Graptolithina, though generally in a fair state of pre-
servation, are usually fragmentary ; and the figuring of even the best specimens
of the various forms would give a very inadequate idea of their charactenstic
appearance. As they are precisely identical in every respect with the Scotch
forms, I have thought it best to figure some of the more perfect examples 0
the forms occurring -in the County Down from my own collection, which has

Lapworth — GraptoliTes of Co. Down. 127

been almost wholly derived from the equivalent black shales of the Moffat
series. Several of these have already been figured by myself in the “ Cata-
logue of the Western Scottish Fossils,” issued under the auspices of the British
Association (Glasgow, 1876).

To such species or varieties as are yet undescribed a brief diagnosis is here
appended.

Genus I. Rastrites, Barrande. (Grapt. de Boheme. PI. 4-)

According to Herr Richter, the thecae in this genus are mere orifices in the
periderm of the common canal, and the long isolated and perpendicular tubes
are simply ornamental or defensive extensions of the test. (1.) The British
specimens which have hitherto come under my notice have afforded no support
whatever to this opinion.

Mr. W. Carruthers figures a magnificent example of Monograptus spiralis
(Geinitz), (2) of which a well-marked example of Rastrites peregrinus (Barr.)
seems to form the initial portion, and to be organically connected with it. I
have recently examined the specimens from which the figure was taken, and I
am inclined to believe that this appearance is owing to the accidental juxta-
position of the two forms.

1. Sp. 1. Rastrites peregrinus. Barr, Plate 5> fig* I*

The typical form of this well-known species is abundant in the dark shales
of Coalpit Bay, a locality which has yielded the only specimens known to me
in which the virgula is apparent as a distinct structure. (3). Locality — Coalpit

Bay.

2. Var. hybridus. Lapw. Plate 5, fig. 2.

This variety is possibly identical with the fragmentary form Rastrites fugax
of Barrande. (Grapt. de Boheme. PI. 4. ) Locality — Coalpit Bay.

Genus II. Monograptus, Geinitz. Restricted. (Die Graptolithen, p. 32.)

3. Sp. 1. Monograptus triangulatus . Hark. PI. 5? fig* *4* Locality — Coal-

pit Bay and Tullygarvan.

(1.) Richter. Aus die Thuringe Gebirge, Zeit. der Deutsch Gesellschaft, 1871.

(2.) Carruthers. Geological Magazine, 1868. PL 5, fig. 1.

(3.) Geological Magazine, 1876. PI. 10, fig. 1.

128

LapWorth — Graptolites of Co. Donw.

4- Sp. 2. Monograptus spiralis. Geinitz. (Leon & Bronn, Jahrbuch, fur.

Min. 1842. PI. 10.) PI. 5, fig. 12.

This species is usually identified with Prionotus convolutus of Hisinger, but
according to Dr. Linnarsson (1.) the latter was originally founded upon a specimen
of Rastrites peregrinus (Barr. ). Locality — Tieveshilly.

5- Var .(a), fimbrialus. Nich. PI. 5, fig 17. Locality— Coalpit Bay.

6. Var. (b). communis. Lapw. PI. 5, fig. 16.

The two preceding forms are certainly most intimately allied. The latter
has an extended range, and varies much in the forms of the polypary and hy-
drothecas, and seems to pass into the following form, M. fimbriatus, on the
other hand, is very local in its distribution, and constant in its general features.
Locality — Coalpit Bay.

7* Var ( c). proteus (?). Barr. PI. 5, fig. 18.

It is doubtful if this form is actually identical with Barrande’s species. His
figures remind one rather of M. crispus (Lapw.); and the group typified by
M. lobiferus (M ‘Coy). Locality— Coalpit Bay.

8. Sp. 3. Monograptus Sedgwicki. Portl. PI. 5, fig. 15. Locality— Coalpit
Bay.

9- Sp. 4. Monograptus turriculatus. Barr. PI. 5, fig. 11.

As in South Scotland, the majority of the specimens of this species in the
beds of County Down are of very diminutive size. Locality — Tieveshilly.

10. Sp. 5. Monograptus crispus. Lapw. PI. 5, fig. 13. Locality — Tieveshilly.

11. Sp. 6. M onograptus exiguus. Nich. PI. 5, fig 9. Locality— Tieveshilly.

12. Sp. 7. Monograptus Barrandei . Suess. PI. 5, fig. 21. Locality —

Tieveshilly.

13. Sp. 8. Monograptus runcinatus . Lapw. PI. 5, fig. 7. Locality —

Tieveshilly.

(1.) Linnarsson. Afdreg ur Gcologiska Foreningensi Stockholm Forhandlingar, 1877. No
40. Band III. No. 12.

Lapworth— Graptolites of Co. Down.

129

14. Sp. 9. Monogrciptus lobiferus. M‘Coy. PI. 5, fig. 6.

This species occurs in the black shales of Coalpit Bay in a few o^" the com*
mon varieties, in all of which the extremity of each theca seems to form a
rounded lobe, the aperture being apparently directed partly inward and partly
upward against the lower wall of the central portion of the tube. According
to Dr. Linnarsson, who has found specimens of this species in the lobiferus
schists of Sweden, preserved in relief, the hydrotheca is actually coiled obliquely,
and thus the aperture opens outward in a different plane to that of the
proximal portion of the theca, which is wholly free. Locality— Coalpit Bay.

In the grey schists of Tieveshilly this species appears to be represented by
the following form : —

is- Var. pandus. Lapw. Var. nov. PI. 6, fig. 3.

Polypary simple, monoprionidian, stout, straight ; from four to six inches
in length, and with an average diameter of % of an inch in the fully
developed portion, inclusive of the projection of the hydrothecse.
These are arranged in the proportion of from 24 to 28 to the inch, and
are in contact only. They are broad at their origin, and have the
superior margin almost horizontal. They narrow rapidly towards
their outer extremity, which is bent downwards in the direction of
the proximal extremity of the polypary.

This form has been frequently noticed by palaeontologists, but its distinct-
ness has not hitherto been acknowledged. Barrande (Grapt. de Boheme. PI. 1,
figs. 10 to 14) and Geinitz (Die Graptolithen, Taf. Ill, figs. 24, 25, &c.) both
refer it to Monogrciptus priodon. (Bronn). From that species, however, it is
easily distinguished by the general form of the theca, and the absence of
overlap. From Monogrciptus Clingani (Carr.) it differs in the size and shape of
the polypary. Locality — Tieveshilly.

16. Sp. 10. Monogrciptus priodon . Bronn. PI. 5, figs. 24a, and 24b.

Locality — Tieveshilly.

17. Sp. 11. Monogiaptus Riccartonensis. Lapw. PI. 5, fig. 23. Locality—

Tieveshilly.

18. Sp. 12. Monograptus Galaensis . ‘Lapw. PI, 6, fig. 1. Locality —

Tieveshilly.

130

Lapworth— Graptolites of Co. Down.

The two preceding species are found in association at Tieveshilly. In
Scotland the former appears to be restricted to the Riccarton Beds (Wenlock) ;
and the latter occurs only in the Gala Group (Llandovery).

19. Sp. 13. Monograptus MlCoyi. Lapw. Sp. nov. PI. 6, fig. 2.

Polypary simple, monoprionidian, straight, several inches in length, and
with an average width of one-sixth of an inch. Hydrothecae about
30 to the inch, in contact throughout the whole of their extent,
inclined at an angle of 450; of the general form of slender quad-
rangular tubes, about five times longer than broad ; apertural margin
convex, expanded into an oblique, blunt, triangular denticle. (Loc.
Builth Bridge, Radnor.)

The foregoing diagnosis has been drawn up from M‘Coy’s figure and
description of a form from the Silurian Rocks of Wales (Palaeozoic Rocks and
Fossils. PI. 1 B, fig 7, and p. 4) ( 1. ) which he erroneously identified with his
Graptolithus lotus, originally founded upon a fragment of a Dichograptidian
species, from the Skiddaw Slates of the Lake District (Quart. Journal Geol.
Society, vol. 4, p, 223). Locality— A single well-preserved fragment only has
been obtained from the Llandovery beds of Tieveshilly.

20. Sp. 14. Monograptus Hisingeri. Carr. (See Geo. Mag., 1868. PI. 12,

fig. 1.)

(a ). Typical form. Locality — Tieveshilly.

21. ( b ). Var. jaculum. Lapw. PI. 5, fig. 20. Localities— Coalpit
Bay and Tullygarvan.

22. Sp. 15. Monograptus cyphus. Lapw. PI. 5> fig- 25- Localities

Coalpit Bay and Tullygarvan.

23. Sp. 16. Monograptus leptotheca. Lapw, PI. 5> ^2* 22, Locality

Some doubtful fragments only of this species have been collected from
the black shales of Coalpit Bay.

24. Sp. 17. Monograptus concinnus. Lapw. PI. 5> ^2* I9* Locality

Coalpit Bay.

(1.) Compare Rbmer in Leon and Bronn, Jahrbuch £ Min., 1855. p. 541. pLte 8, fig. 2.

Lapworth— Graptolites of Co. Down.

131

25. Sp. 18. Monograptus gregarius. Lapw. PI. 5, fig. 4. Locality— The

characteristic fossil of the central portion of the Birkhill shales. It
occurs in myriads in the black shales of Coalpit Bay.

26. Sp. 19. Monograptus argutus. Lapw. PL 5, fig. 5.

The accompanying figure, as well as that illustrative of the original
description ot this species, was taken from a cast of a compressed example In
specimens preserved with their relief the hydrothecse resemble those in
Dicellograptus, having a deep excavation in the distal portion of their outer
wall, while the aperture opens obliquely outwards, partly overlapping the
lateral wall of the common canal. Locality— Coalpit Bay.

27. Sp. 20. Monograptus Sandersoni. Lapw. PI. c, fig 8 Locality

Coalpit Bay and Tullygarvan.

28. Sp. 21. Monograptus tenuis. Portlock. PI. 5, fig. IO Localities—

Coalpit Bay and Tullygarvan (?) ’

29. Sp. 22. Monograptus attenuates. Hopk. PI. 5, fig. 3. Locality-

Coalpit Bay. y

Genus III. Dimorphograptus, provisional genus. Lapworth. (Geo Ma^
1876, p. 545*)

Examples of this genus are found in great profusion both in Ireland and
Scotland, and m all we find the characteristic mono-diprionidian polypary.
Nevertheless, in the complete absence of specimens preserved in relief, I have
grave doubts of the validity of the genus. We meet with occasional examples
in which we have a hint of a second series of hydrothecae in the proximal por-
tion. It is just possible that in this group the concavo- convexity of the poly-
pary general among the diprionidian Graptolites is carried to excess ; and that
the partial invisibility of the second series of hydrothecse is due to their lying
almost parallel with those of the first series.

30. Sp. 1. Dimorphograptus Swanstoni. Lapw. PI. 6, fig. 5.

A most remarkable and very distinct little species. It occurs in admirable
preservation in the Coalpit Bay division of the County Down black shales, but
has not hitherto been detected in the corresponding zone of the Moffat Series.
Geinitz figures an example of this species from the Kissel-scheifer of Central
Germany. (Die Versteinerungen, Taf. 1, fig. 25.) Locality— Coalpit Bay.

K

132

Lapworth— Graptolites of Co. Down.

31. Sp. 2. Dimorphograptus elongatus. Lapw. PI. 6, fig. 6. Locality

Coalpit Bay.

Genus IV. Cephalograptus. Hopkinson. (Journal Quekett Micros. Club,
1869.)

32. Sp. 1. Cephalograptus cometa. Geinitz. PI. 6, fig. 4. Locality —Coal-

pit Bay.

Genus V. Diplograptus. M‘Coy. (Annals and Mag. Nat. His. ).

In addition to the diprionidian form of the polypary, the chief charac-
teristic of this genus is generally held to be the fact that the central canal is
divided longitudinally, by a vertical septum or diaphragm, into two distinct por-
tions which do not communicate with each other— at least in the later stages
of the growth of the polypary. In one group, however— viz., the sub-genus
Glyptograptus (Lapw.)— none of the examples preserved with their relief which
have hitherto come under my notice, give evidence of the presence of this dia-
phragm; but, on the other hand, the coenosarcal tube appears to be undivided,
and to be in organic connection with both series of hydrothecae, as in Retiolites.

33. Sp. 1. Diplograptus acuminatus. Nich. PI. 6, fig. 7.

The characteristic fossil of the lowest zone of the Llandoveries of South
Scotland. It is as yet unknown in Ireland.

34. Sp. 2. Diplograptus modestus. Lapw. PI. 6, fig. 8. (Catl. Western

Scott. Fossils. Plate 2, fig. 33.) Locality— Coalpit Bay.

35. Sp. 3. Diplograptus sinuatus. Nich. PI. 6, fig. 9. Locality— Coalpit

Bay.

36. Sp. 4. Diplograptus tricornis. Carr. PI. 6, fig. 10. Localities— Coalpit

Bay, Ballygrot, and Craigavad.

37. Sp. 5. Diplograptus angustifolius. Hall. PI. 6, fig. 11. Localities —

Coalpit Bay and Ballygrot.

38. Sp. 6. Diplograptus tamariscus. Nich. PI. 6, fig. 12. Locality— Coal-

pit Bay.

39. Sp. 7. Diplograptus dentatus. Brongn. PI. 6, fig. 13* Locality

Ballygrot.

Lapworth— Graptolites of the Co. Down. 133

40. Sp. 8. Diplograptus Hughesi. Nich. PI. 6, fig. 14. Locality— Coalpit

Bay.

41. Sp. 9. Diplograptus insutiformis. Nich. PI. 6, fig. 15. Locality —

Ballygrot.

42. Sp. 10. Diplograptus folium. His. PI. 6, fig. 16. Locality — Coalpit

Bay.

43. Sp. 11. Diplograptus truncatus. Lapw. PI. 6, fig. 17,

Diplograptus pristis, var. truncatus. Lapw. (Catl. Western
Scott, Fossils. Plate 1, fig. 28.)

Polypary diprionidian, sub-fusiform or with parallel margins, one to three
inches in length and one-eighth of an inch in maximum diameter; fur-
nished proximally with a minute radicle and lateral spines. Virgula
invisible. Hydrothecse inclined at an angle of about 45 degrees,
linear-tubular, expanding towards the oblique apertural margin and
ornamented with minute transverse strise.

There are several varieties of this species in the South Scottish rocks, but
they agree generally in the foregoing characteristics. Some smaller and wider
examples of this form are almost inseparable from Dip. palmem. Forms pre-
served in relief show no trace of a longitudinal septum on one of the lateral
faces. I formerly referred this species to Diplograptus pristis of Hisinger, but
Swedish specimens of the latter show a polypary and hydrothecse of the general
type of Diplograptus quadrimucronatus (Hall).

44. Sp. 12. Diplograptus foliactus. Murch. PL 6, fig. 18. Locality —

Ballygrot.

45. Sp 13. Diplograptus vesiculosus . Nich. PI. 6, fig. 19. Locality —

Coalpit Bay.

46. Sp. 14. Diplograptus quadrimucronatus. Hall. PL 6, fig. 20.

In the Scottish examples referred to this species, four rigid spurs are usually
given off, one from each of the angles of the prismoid polypary at a normally
uniform height corresponding to the position of the sixth or seventh hydrotheca,
counting from the initial extremity.

In the Irish forms collected by Mr. Swanston the spurs are sometimes

i34 Lapworth — Graptolites of Co. Down.

regularly disposed in two opposite series, and sometimes irregularly scattered
along tlie extent of the outer margin of the polypary.

These forms are all certainly allied to Glossograptus , but our present
evidences are insufficient to justify their removal to that genus. Locality —
Camalea.

47. Sp. 15. Diplograptus Whitfieldi. Hall. PI. 6, fig. 21.

The interesting examples furnished with lateral reproductive appendages,
figured by Hall in his Graptolites of the Quebec group, Plate B, and assigned
by him to the present species, are clearly distinct. It is most probable that
they belong to a form of Lasiograptus (?) resembling Lasiograptus
bimucronatus , Nich. Locality — Carnalea.

48. Sp. 16. Diplogr aphis (Lasiograptus 1) mucronatus. Hall. PI. 6, fig. 22.
In this series the apertural fibres occasionally anastomose; and examples

with lateral reproductive appendages are not infrequent in the Moffat Series in
Scotland. In Ireland the species is as yet unknown.

49. Sp. 17. Diplograptus ( Hallograptus) bimucronatus. Nich. PI. 6, fig. 23.

It is in this species that the lateral reproductive processes are most
frequently met with in British Rocks. Few examples of this form occur which
appear wholly destitute of them, or of the lateral fibres which support them.
Mr. W. Carruthers has suggested that this form, and the very similar
Diplograptus mucronatus should be erected into a new genus under the title of
Hallograptus , in honour of the eminent palaeontologist, who was the first to
figure these forms and to suggest the possible function of their remarkable
appendages.

Genus VI. Glossograptus. Emmons.

50. Sp. 1. Glossograptus Hincksii. Hopk. PI. 6, fig. 24.

The lateral appendages in this species and genus differ from those in
Hallograptus , in being rigid blind spurs comparable with those at the proximal
extremity of Climacograptus bicornis (Flail). In all the supposed species of this
genus, the apertural spines are also remarkably stout and rigid, but they never
anastomose as in the older and very closely allied genus Retiograptus of Hall.
(Grapt. Quebec Group, Plate 16, figs. 6 to 8). Glossograptus ciliatus , Emmons
(American Geol.^vol. 1, plate 1, fig 25); Glossograptus setaceus , Ibid. Fig.

Lapworth— Graptolites of Co. Down.

135

20; Diplograptus ciliatus , Ibid. Fig. 19; Diplograptus spinulosus, Hall.
Diplograptus fimbriatus , Hopk. (Geol. Mag., 1872. PI. 12, fig. 8.)
Diplograptus pinguis, Ibid. Fig. 7 ; all belong to this genus and will pro-
bably prove to have been founded on either one or two distinct species : the
aspect of the polypary varying to an extraordinary degree according to the
direction in which the compression has been effected. Localities- -Coalpit Bay
and Ballygrot.

Genus VII. Lasiograptus. Lapworth

S1* Sp. 1. Lasiograptus Harknessi. Nich. PI. 6, fig. 26.

An examination of Nicholson’s type specimen of his Diplograptus Hark-
nessi has convinced me that it is identical with my Lasiograptus costatus , which
must consequently be suppressed. This species has a great range in the Moffat
Series, passing upwards from its very lowest beds into the middle of the Hart-
fell Shales. Occasionally a specimen is detected in which the ventral spines are
rudimentary and do not anastomose. Locality — Carnalea.

52. Sp. 2. Lasiograptus margaritatus Lapw, PI. 6, fig. 25.

Polypary diprionidian, about one inch in length and about one-eighth of
an inch in diameter, inclusive of the marginal net-work. Virgula ca-
pillary, just visible beyond the distal margin Hydrothecse 25 to 30 to
the inch, free, triangular in form, with long-pointed denticles which
are developed horizontally outwards as distinct filaments to a distance
equal to the width of the central portion of the polypary, where they
are split up into several subordinate threads. These are united to those
similarly derived from the hydrothecse immediately above and below,
and thus originate a continuous series of marginal meshes completely
surrounding the polypary.

I11 this species the hydrothecse are of the type of those of Diplograptus
mucronatus (Hall), and the general aspect of the polypary is essentially similar
to that of Diplograptus limucronatus (Nich.). In Lasiograptus Harknessi the
thecae resemple those of Climacograptus. Locality— Unknown in Ireland.

Genus VIII. Clathrograptus. Lapworth.

53- Sp. 1. Clathrograptus cuneiformis. Lapw. PI. 6, fig. 27.

The figure shows merely the skeleton framework of the polypary. In well

36

Lapworth— Graptolites of Co. Down.

preserved specimens this skeleton is covered and partially hidden from sight by
a thin continuous membrane showing cell-apertures. Locality— Ballygrot.

The genus Reiiograptus of Hall included three distinct genera. The title
of Reiiograptus is best restricted to the forms to which it was first applied, viz.,
those of the type Reiiograptus tentaculatus , which combines the generic charac-
ters of Glossograptus and Lasiograptus. Clathrograptus embraces the simple
diprionidian forms of the type of Reiiograptus Geinitzianus (Hall, non Bar-
rande). A third genus remains, which is typified by the extraordinary com-
pound species Reiiograptus nucharis , from Lake St. John.

Genus IX. Retiolites. Barrande.

54. Sp 1. Retiolites jibratus. Lapw. PI. 6, fig. 28.

Polypary simple, diprionidian, one or two inches in length and one-fourth
of an inch in breadth; margins parallel, proximal end broadly rounded
and destitute of ornament. Virgula stout, straight, distally prolonged,
Hydrothecae 24 to 28 to the inch, their position being indicated by
broad regularly quadrangular meshes. Epiderm continuous, supported
on a skeleton framework of interlacing threads.

This form, which is remarkably abundant in the higher zones of the Lower
Hartfell of South Scotland, is intimately allied to the forms here united under
Retiolites perlatus (Nich. ), but differs from them mainly in the form of the thecal
meshes, and in the frequent presence of lateral appendages. Locality— Carnalea.

55. Sp. 2. Retiolites perlatus ? Nich. (Geo. Journal, vol. xxiv.. p. 530.)

The original example of this species is too imperfectly preserved to enable
us to recognize any specific character beyond the great breadth of the polypary
and the extraordinary width of the dermal meshes. In this respect it agrees with
certain views of the two following forms which occur in the South of Scotland,
but neither of which it is as yet possible to identify with the R. perlatus of the
Coniston Mudstones.

56. Var. Daironi. Var. nov. Lapw. PI. 6, fig. 30.

Occasionally three or four inches in length. In the characteristic view it

resembles a gigantic specimen of Dip. palmeus (Barr.), with a ret.-
form covering. In addition to this network this form must have
possessed a continuous superficial membrane of sufficient thickness to

Lapworth- Graptolites of Co. Down. 137

leave indubitable traces of its presence upon the matrix. Locality —
Coalpit Bay.

57. Var. obesus. Lapw. (Rept. Brit. Assoc. 1871.) PI. 6, fig. 29.

The special features of this form are the great size and the elegant and cha-
racteristic shape of the thecal meshes. The thecse themelves appear almost
horizontal. Locality — Unknown in Ireland ; common in the Gala Group of
South Scotland, and in the highest seams of the Birkhill shales.

Genus X. Climacograptus. Hall. (Grapt. Quebec Group, p, hi.)

According to Professor Hall, the polypary in this genus has no central
septum, and the hydrothecae are simple openings in the outer test of a single
internal coenosarcal canal. By Professor Nicholson, on the other hand, the
polypary is believed to be formed, actually or theoretically, of two monoprio-
nidian polyparies placed back to back ; their dorsal walls being flattened into a
bilaminate median septum, and their virgulse coalescing into a double central
virgula. I have verified the accuracy of the latter theory in the species
Climacograptus scalaris (His.), in several of its varieties, and in C. Wilsoni.
(Lapw.) ; but if the analogy furnished by the structure of Diplograptus as
described above, is to guide us, it is not impossible that both these interpreta-
tions are correct, each for itself, and that within the limits of Climacograptus , as
at present received, are included some forms in which the median septum is con-
tinuous from side to side, and others in which the hydrothecas of both series
open into one and the same central coenosarcal canal.

58. Sp. 1. Climacograptus scalaris. His. (Non Linnaeus.) (Lethea
Suecica, Plate xxxviii.)

The form figured by Linnaeus as Graptoliihus scalaris, (1) was a Monograptus
allied to M. colonus of Barrande, from the Upper Silurian strata in which the
genus Climacograptus is unknown. Examples in my possession procured from
the same locality whence Linnaeus obtained his species show the peculiar scala-
riform appearance figured by him, with great distinctness. They are also asso-
ciated with unrolled examples of a spiralis like Cyrtograptus , as in his original
drawing. Linnaeus’ name, scalaris , should be employed for the Monographs, to
which he originally applied it; but in the meantime it is perhaps inadvisable to
disturb Hisinger’s title for the Swedish Climacograptus. The following forms,

1 Skanska Resa., p. 147.

Lapworth— Graptolites of Co. Down.

138

which are usually referred by palaeontologists to this species, all agree in the
possession of a tapering polypary, destitute of proximal ornamentation; perpen-
dicular, short, square, hydrothecae; and straight, or very gently undulating
suture.

^ Var. a. tectus . Barrande. (Grapt. de Boheme. *P| 1, figs.

19 and 20.)

Virgula never distally prolonged. Locality— Rare in the Gala Group of
South Scotland, unknown as yet in County Down,

go. Var. b. normalis. Lapw. PI. 6, fig* 31 •

Polypary with sub-parallel margins. Virgula greatly prolonged distally.
Locality— Abundant in Coalpit Bay.

Var. c. Climacograptus rectangularis. M‘Coy. PI. 6, fig. 32.
Virgula prolonged, proximally only, to a considerable length. Polypary
tapering. Locality— Unknown in Ireland. Rare in the Birkhill Shales of
Moffat.

g2< Var. d. Climacograptus caudatus. Lapw. PI. 6, fig. 34.

Polypary tapering, several inches in length, with stout virgula prolonged
both proximally and distally to a length equal to that of the polypary itself.
Locality — Unknown in Ireland.

Var. e. Climacograptus tubuliferus. Lapw. PI. 6, fig. 33.
Polypary with parallel margins, virgula distally prolonged and expanded
into a long flattened plate or vesicle. Locality— Camalea.

In Scotland each of the foregoing forms has a definite range in the
succession of Silurian deposits. They are all most certainly very intimately
allied, but it is possible that we may eventually be forced to look upon them
as distinct species. Such of these forms as are known upon the Continent have
a corresponding vertical range, and appear to possess similar external
features.

64. Sp. 2. Climacograptus Scharenbergi. Lapw. PI. 6, fig. 36. (Catl.
West. Scott. Fossils. Plate 2, fig. 36).

Polypary diprionidian, about an inch in length and one-twelfth of an inch
in average diameter; proximal end ornamented with a short radicle

Lapworth — Graptolites of Co. Down.

139

only. Suture deep, zigzag, having each angle prolonged in a short
horizontal groove. Virgula distally prolonged. Hydrothecae 28 to
36 in the space of an inch, short, perpendicular, with the distal ex-
tremity of each very slightly introverted.

The chief characteristic of this species is afforded by its remarkable
sutural groove. This is distinctly angulated, running in zig-zag straight lines
from side to side. From the outer point of each angulation a short horizontal
groove continuous with that of the suture traverses the covering of the
coenosarcal tube almost to its outer edge.

This form has been frequently figured by palaeontologists, even under its
most typical aspect, but always in association with closely allied forms. (1) Its
characters are so unique that there can be no hesitation in regarding it as a
distinct species.

The various forms here referred to C. Scalaris. His. universally
abound in Bala and Lower Llandovery rocks. They are unknown apparently
in rocks of Llandeilo and Lower Bala age, where their place is taken by the
present species, which occurs in Wales, Scotland, and Scandinavia in these
ancient formations. The two forms doubtfully overlap for a short period in
the Clingaili zone of the Hartfell shales of the Moffat area. Localities-Scot-
land— in the Glenkiln and lowest Hartfell beds everywhere. Ireland— Bally-
grot, Craigavad, and Coalpit Bay.

65. Sp. 3. Climacograptus bicornis. Hall. Type form. PI. 6, fig. 38a.

Locality — Ballygrot.

66. Var. (b.) tridentatus. Lapw. PI. 6, fig. 38c.

67. Var. (c.) peltifer . Lapw. PI. 6, fig. 38b.

68. Sp. 4. Climacograptus ccelatus . Lapw. PI. 6, fig. 39.

The figure which illustrates the original description of this species (Quart
Journ. Geol. Soc., 1875, PI. 35, fig. 8) is a very bad one. The original
diagnosis should be compared with the figure on plate of the present memoir.
In the Welsh specimens the hydrothecae are more deeply divided and the”

(1) Compare, for example, Boch, Bernerk aug., Graptolitherne, Taf. 1, figs 3 ro „ l8

Scharenburg, Ueber Graptolithen, Taf. 2, figs. 24, 25, &c , &c. Salter Q. J. G. S vol viii ’
pl- 7. fig. 3. Torquist. ‘ '*

L

140

Lapworth— Graptolites of Co. Down.

interspaces are more oblique than in the Scottish forms. Locality— Coalpit
Bay and Ballygrot.

69. Sp. 5. Climacograptus Wtlsoni. Lapw. PI. 6, fig. 40. (Catl. Western

Scottish Fossils, 1876. PI. 2, fig. 46.)

Polypary two to four inches in length and one eighth of an inch in
maximum diameter; proximal end abrupt, furnished with two short
horizontal radicular processes. Septum direct. Virgula stout, distally
prolonged for a distance nearly equal to the length of the polypary ;
and supporting proximally a large elliptical vesicle. Hydrothecae 16
to 20 to the inch ; short, square, perpendicular ; excavation shallow,
horizontal.

Closely allied to the foregoing and following species— Locality— Unknown in
Ireland.

70. Sp. 6. Climacograptus per-excavatus. Lapw. PI. 6, fig. 35.

Polypary one and a half inches in length, and about one eighth of an inch
in breadth ; margins parallel till close upon the proximal extremity which is
broadly rounded off, and ornamented with three short, stiff, proximal spines.
Virgula distally prolonged. Hydrothecse 28 to 36 to the inch, with inclined
partition walls; excavations wide and deep, occupying more than half the
ventral margin of the polypary, and from one-fourth to one third of its trans-
verse diameter. Horizon— Glenkiln shales. Localities in Scotland— Craig-
michan, Glenkiln, Leadhills. In Ireland— at Ballygrot and Coalpit Bay.
A most prolific species, it occurs in great abundance at the localities cited.

71. Sp. 7. Climacograptus innotatus. Nich. PI. 6, fig. 37. Locality—

Coalpit Bay.

Genus XI. Dicranograptus. Hall. (Grapt. Quebec Group, p. 1 1 2. )

72. Sp. 1. Dicranograptus ramosus. PI. 7> fig- *•

The earlier or Llandeilo examples of this and the following species are re-
markably spinose. As we ascend in the series of beds the spines seem to become
shorter and less conspicuous. In the highest beds where these species are
known they are destitute of spines. Localities— Crawfordsburn, Ballygrot, and
Craigavad.

Lapworth— GraptoLites of Co. Down. 141

73. Sp. 2. Dicranograptus Nicholsoni. Hopk. PI. 7, fig. 2. Locality —

Ballygrot.

74. Sp, 3. Dicranograptus formosus. Hopk. PI. 6, fig. 41. Localities—

Coalpit Bay and Craigavad.

75. Sp. 4. Dicranograptus Clingani. Carr. PI. 6, fig. 43. Locality— Not

yet detected in Ireland.

76. Sp. 5. Dicranograptus ziczac , Lapw. PI. 6, fig. 420. (Catl. Western

Scottish Fossils. Plate 3, fig. 77.)

Stem one-eighth of an inch in length, pointed ; branches diverging at an
angle of about 120 degrees, about an inch in length, bent into an elegant double
curve, and forming a polypary of a vase-like form. Hydrothecse 28 to 30 to the
inch, seen in profile on the stem ; invisible upon the branches. Allied to Di-
cranograptus furcatus of Hall. (Pal. New York, Yol. L Plate 74, fig. 4. )
Locality — Unknown in Ireland.

77. Var. minimus. Lapw. PI. 6, fig. 42^.

Branches half an inch in length, forming a single gentle curve. Locality —
Coalpit Bay,

Genus XII. Dicellograptus. Hopkinson. (Geol. Mag. 1871. PI. 1, p. 20.)

78. Sp. 1. Dicellograptus elegans. Carr. PI. 7, fig. 8. Localities — Carna-

Iea, Craigavad, and Coalpit Bay.

79* Sp. 2; Dicellograptus Forchammeri. Geinitzj PI. 7, fig. 7. Localities —
Carnalea, Ballygrot, and Coalpit Bay.

80. Sp. 3. Dicellograptus Moffatensis . Carr. PI. 7, fig. 9. ’Locality —

Ballygrot.

81. Var. (a) divaricatus. Hall. PI. 7, fig. 10. Locality — Ballygrot.

82. Sp. 4. Dicellograptus caduceus . Lapw. PI. 7, fig. 3. (Catl. Western

Scottish Fossils. PI. 4, fig. 83.)

Polypary consisting of two simple monoprionidian branches, which diverge

142

Lapworth— Graptolites of Co. Down.

at a small angle, and are so curved that they cross and recross each
other distally in the figure of 8. Axillary spine prominent, lateral
spines undeveloped. Hydrothecae 24 to 28 to the inch, of the form
of those of Dicellograptus elegans , Carr. Sp. Locality — Ballygrot.

Genus XIII. Didymograptus. M‘Coy; (Pal. Foss., p. 9.)

83. Sp. 1. Didymograptus super stes. Lapw. PI. 7> figs* *5 a'^- (Catl.

Western Scottish Fossils. PI. 3, fig. 74*)

Polypary consisting of two simple monoprionidian branches, of great length,
attaining a maximum diameter of one-tenth of an inch, within the first
three inches of their extent ; broadly curved and including a ventral
angle of about 120 degrees. Hydrothecae 24 to the inch, inclined at
an angle of 40 degrees, rapidly expanding in the direction of the aper-
tural margin, which is deeply concave, and forms a broad triangular
denticle.

Perfect specimens of this well-marked species are rarely detected ; but the
broad and slightly curved branches are numerous both in Scotland and Ireland
in the typical Glenkiln Shales. This is in all probability the same species as
that figured by Hall as Graptolethus Sagittarius . (Pal. New York. Vol. I.,
Plate 74, fig. 1.) It is also associated here, as in North America, with a
slender species which appears to be the same as Didymograptus serratulus (Hall).
Localities— Ballygrot and Craigavad.

Genus XIV. Leptograptus'. Lapworth. (Geol. Mag. 1873, p. 558.)

84. Sp. 1. Leptograptus fiaccidus. Hall. PI. 7> fig* I4* Localities — Car-

nalea, Orlock Point, and Ballygrot.

Genus XV. Ccenograptus. Hall. (Modified.) (Hall, Annual Report,
1867, p. 179.)

So far as at present known this genus differs from Pleurograptus (Nich.),
in the possession of an initial cross-bar, formed by the persistent sicula.

85. Sp. I. Ccenograptus gi'acilis. Hall. PI. 7> fig- II# Localities Bally-

grot and Craigavad.

None of the Scottish examples of this species give evidence of having been

Lapworth — Graptolites of Co. Down.

143

composed of four branches, as indicated in the American specimen figured by
Hall. (Grapt. Quebec Group, p. 14.)

86. Sp. 2. Ccenograptus surcularis. Hall. PI. 7, fig. 12. Locality — Bally-

grot.

87. Sp. 3. Ccenograptus pertenuis. Lapw. PI. 7, fig. 13. (Catl. Western

Scottish Fossils, 1876. PI. 3, figs. 66, 67.)

Polypary consisting of two simple or compound monoprionidian flexuous
and extremely slender branches, proceeding in opposite directions from
the central portion of a well-marked sicula. Hydrothecae 16 to the
inch, of the type of those of Ccenograptus gracilis ,

The forms C. explanatus , and C. nitidulus figured by myself in the Catl.
Western Scott. Fossils may be distinct species, or merely varieties of the pre-
sent form. It will consequently be better to defer their description till this
point has been satisfactorily determined. Locality — Ballygrot.

Genus XVI. Thamnograptus. Hall.

88. Sp. 1. Thamnograptus typus ? Hall. PI. 7, fig. 16.

This form has only been procured in small fragments in the dark shales of
County Down. It occurs locally in great profusion in the Glenkiln Beds of
the South of Scotland. Some comparatively perfect and well preserved
examples from these beds lately added to my collection, make it clear that
different portions of the polypary are so distinct in their characters, that they
have been considered as belonging to distinct species. Rastrites Barrandei of
Hall is a true Thamnograptus , and ought probably to be referred to the present
form. Localities — Ballygrot and Craigavad.

Genus XVII. Dictyonema. Hall. (Palaeontology of New York, Vol. ii.,

p. 174.)

89. Sp. 1. Dictyonema Moffatensi^. Lapw. PI. 7, fig. 17.

Polypary about an inch in length and one-third of an inch in maximum
diameter, cupshaped, of an elongate semi-elliptical form; composed of
slender, radiating, free, comparatively straight branches, with slightly
crenulated margins ; transverse dissepiments distant, scarcely visible ;

144 LaFworth — Cjrai’tolites of Co. Down.

Proximal portion of polypary prolonged into, and partially enveloped
in a chitonous disc or plate.

All the specimens of this species known to me are in a very indifferent
state of preservation, and the foregoing characters are all that can be made
out with certainty. Locality — Carnalea.

\ i-

EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.

Fig. I . Rcistrites peregrinus , Barr.

„ 2.

99

,, var. hybridus , Lapw.

>> 3*

Monographs attenuatus , Hopk.

„ 4 a.

99

gregarius , Lapw. 4 b, portion enlarged.

,» Sa-

99

argutus, Lapw. 5 b, portion enlarged.

tt 6a‘

99

lobiferfaus , M‘Coy. 6b, portion enlarged.

„ 7 a.

99

runcinatus , Lapw. 7 b, portion enlarged.

„ 8a.

99

Sanders oni, Lapw. 8b, portion enlarged ; 8c, proximal

extremity.

„ 9 a.

9 9

exiguus, Nich. 9 b, portion enlarged.

,, io a.

tennis, Portl. (proximal extremity). 10c, distal ex-

tremity ; 10 b, portion enlarged.

„ n.

99

tm riculatus, Barr.

, 12.

99

spiralis, Geinitz.

» 13-

99

crispus, Lapw.

, 14.

99

triangulatus, Harkn.

» I5*

99

Sedgwickii, Portl.

„ 16.

99

communis, Lapw.

» 17.

99

fimbriatus, Nich.

» 18.

99

proteus, Barr.

» 19.

99

concinnus , Lapw.

„ 20.

9 9

Hisingeri, Carr. Var .jaculum, Lapw.

„ 21.

99

Barrandei, Suess.

„ 22.

99

leptotheca , Lapw. 10 b, portion enlarged.

» 23-

99

Riccartonensis , Lapw.

,, 24a.

9 9

priodon. Brown. 2\b, portion enlarged.

» 25.

9 9

cyphus, Lapw.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI.

1.

2.
3a.

4-

5-
6.

7-

8.

9-

io.

na.

12.

13-

14.

15.

16.
170.

18.

19.

20.
21.
22.
23-
24 a.
25-

26.

27.

28.

29.
3°*

Monograplus Galaensis, Lapw.

„ M‘Coyi, Lapw.

lobiferfus ? M‘Coy. Var. pandus (proximal extremity)
3 b, distal extremity ; 30, the same enlarged.

Ceph alog rap tics cometa , Geinitz.

Dimorphogrciptus Swans toni , Lapw.

„ elongatus, Lapw.

Diplograptus acuminatus , Nich.

,, confertus , Nich.

„ sinuatus, Nich.

„ tricornis, Garr.

„ angustifolius, Hall. il£, portion enlarged.

„ tamariscus , Nich.

}J dentatus , Brogn.

,, Hughesii , Nich.

,, insectiformis , Nich.

„ folium , His.

„ truncatus, Lapw. 1 7^ portion enlarged.

,, foliaceus , Murch.

,, vesiculosus, Nich.

,, quadtimucronatus , Hall.

„ Whitfieldi , Hall.

„ mucronatus , Hall.

„ bimucronatus, Nich.

Glossograptus Hincksi, Hopk. (Ventral aspect); 24^ lateral aspect.
Lasiograptus tnargaritalus, Lapw. x. 2.

,, Harknessi , Nich. x. 2.

Clathrograptus cuneiformis , Lapw. x. 2.

Retiolites fibratus , Lapw. x. 2.

„ perlatus ? Nich. Var, obesus, Lapw. x. 2.
u Var. Daironi, Lapw.

x. 2.

77oc TTeTfasT^aiTjeZdOub 7876- 77 CtypaiducJ J7 17.

Ci AHywrM. p£l

SWANSTON & LAPWORTH - GRAPTOL1TES OF CO.DOWN

4 savs stt/xsr

147

Fig. 31.

Climacograptus sc alar is, His.

>>

99

,, Var. normality Lapw.

„ 32.

99

,, Var. rectangular is, M ‘Coy.

>j 33*

99

,, Var, tubuliferus , Lapw.

„ 34-

99

,, Var. caudatus, Lapw.

„ 35«-

Climacograptus per-excavatus, Lapw. 35 b, portion enlarged.

„ 36a.

)«

Scharenbergi, Lapw. 3 6b, portion enlarged.

» 37

99

innotatus , Nich.

„ 38a.

99

bicornis , Hall (typical form).

,, 38^.

99

„ Var. peltifcr.

„ 3&.

99

„ Var. tridentatus.

V 39.

99

ccelatus , Lapw,

„ 40.

99

IVilsoni, Lapw.

„ 41.

Dicranogt aptus formesus , Hopk.

„ 42 a.

»>

ziczac, Lapw. (typical form).

„ 42&

>>

,, Var. minimus , Lapw.

» 43-

»

Clmgani, Carr.

ivr

(Sf.tf

>S}

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.

Fig

1.

2.

3-

4-

5-

6.

7-

8.

9-

10.

11.

12.

Dicranograptus ramosus , Hall (stem only, older variety).

}} Nicholsoni , Hopk.

Dicellograptus caduceus , Lapw.

„ sextans , Hall.

„ anceps, Nich. / t

„ Morissi, Hopk. l

„ Forchammeri, Geinitz.

„ elegans , Carr.

}, Moffatensis , Carr.

var. divaricatus. Hall.

Ccenograptus gracilis , Hall.

surcularis , Hall.

>> 13 .^pet tenuis, Lapw.

„ 14- Leptograptus fiaccidus , Hall.

}, 15a. Didymograptus super stes^ Hall.

,, 16. Thamnog raptus typus (?), Hall.

,, 17. Dictyonema Moffatensis , Lapw.

, 18. Corynoides calyculans , Nich.

19. „ curtus , Lapw.

„ 202. Acrothele sp., A . granulata, Linars.

ur. Geol., Stockholm, 1877).

„ 21a. Acrotreta Nicholsoni, Dav., Coalpit Bay. 2lc b, from original figure
of species (Geo. Mag., 1868, PI. XVI).

Discina Portlockii, Geinitz. Various examples. V

Dauosonia campanulata , Nich. Various examples. —

153, portion of distal extremity.

e(

73

20$ <r, from original figure ( Afdreg.

„ 22.
„ 23.
„ 24a

„ 25^

.

Peltocaris aptfchoides, Salter (Tie veshilly^ghtly contorted specimen,

24 b, from Ws original figure (Q.J.G.S., Vol. /

Discinocaris Broivniana , H. Woo^Coalpit Bay). 25^, Dobbs Linn,
Dumfries. 25c, from original figure of species (Q.J.G.S., Vol.

XXII., PL XXV.). ^ -(,^£0

XV'

.5°

^oc2^eZ/aslJl^jtJ7£/<£ 7373 77 (Ofyjent&zJ f'l VJZ

APPENDIX V.

ERRATA.

Page 160 “For “Nonionina asterizans, F. 6° M.” read

“Nonionina stelligera, D'OrbP

Page 162— For “Lagena marginata, var. trigono -marginata,

W. 6° J.” read “Lagena marginata, var. trigon^- 0
marginata, P. 6° J.”

-

.

V

■

v.

A LIST

OF THE

W 05 f - tlerf tctrg gf oramroifera

OF THE

NORTH-EAST OF IRELAND,

BY

JOSEPH WRIGHT, F.G.S.,

Hon. Assoc, of the Belfast Nat. Hist, and Phil. Soc.;

AND

A L I ST

OF THE

l^ioUitsca of tf)e 'gSoutber

OF THE

NORTH-EAST OF IRELAND,

BY

SAMUEL ALEX. STEWART,

Fellow of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh.

PUBLISHED BY “THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB,”
April, 1881

-.M

'

. '■ i - r

*

,

.

[ Proceedings Belfast Naturalists' Field Club— Appendix, 1879-1880.]

THE POST TERTIARY FORAMINIFERA OF THE

NORTH EAST OF IRELAND.

By JOSEPH WRIGHT, F.G.S.

Hon. Assoc, of the Belfast Nat. Hist, and Phil. Soc.

The first record of Post Tertiary Foraminifera having been found in Ireland,
was in a paper brought before our Club in 1874.* In it, the names of eleven
species were given, as having been found in the Estuarine Clay at Magheramorne,
County Antrim. That so few forms were then recorded was due to the cir-
cumstance, that the small quantity of Clay examined had been washed through
sieves with the view of preserving the shells only, and in consequence, the great
bulk of the Foraminifera were washed away with the fine material. Since then
many of our Post Tertiary clays and gravels, have been carefully examined, and
Foraminifera have been found to occur in abundance, not only in our Post Glacial
beds, but also in the Boulder Clay ; a deposit which until recently, and even yet
by some, is presumed to contain no fossil remains. The majority of the
Boulder Clays examined by me, yielded Microzoa, and it is possible that in some
of the few localities where none were found, a more extended search would have
led to different conclusions. At many places where the clay appeared unpro-
mising, only small quantities were brought away for examination ; and when
they gave but little results, these spots were usually not revisited. That the
Boulder Clay in many places was deposited in deep and quiet waters, reason-
ably favourable to the development of certain forms of marine life, may be in-
ferred frcm the number of Foraminifera found at some stations ; their tiny, deli-
cate tests being as finely preserved as if recently dredged off our coast ; and also

* Stewart— Fossils of the Estuarine Clays of Down and Antrim. Proc. Belfast Nat. Field
Club, Vol. I., Appendix, p. 27, et seq.

i jo Wright— Foraminifera of North-East of Ireland.

from the fact, that Leda femula, minuta, and fygmea —delicate little shells fre-
quently occur, with both valves attached, leaving no doubt, but that they lived at

those places where they are now found.

The Estuarine Clay is much newer than the Boulder Clay, and a long time
must have elapsed between the termination of the one, and the commencement
of the other. It was probably during this period that our Eskers were formed.
This clay forms an extensive deposit along the valley of Belfast Lough, and in
consequence of its vicinity to Belfast has been better examined than the equiva-
lent clays at Strangford Lough and Lough Foyle. It occurs at Larne, under-
lying the gravel beds of the Curran, f and higher up Larne Lough, at Magbe-
ramorne, and occupies the greater part of the lowland on which Belfast is built.
The brackish water forms, MUiolina fused, Trochammma inflate, and T. ml-
crescens, found both at King Street and beside the Cooke Statue, would lead us
to infer, that when the clay was being deposited, Belfast Lough, except that it
stood at a somewhat lower level, must have differed but little from its present
condition. When making the new docks some years since, the shells in the
Estuarine Clay were carefully tabulated by Mr. Stewart-t It is to be re-

gretted that the clay was not at that time also examined for Foramimfera, as
unusually fine sections were then exposed. A somewhat similar opportunity
was lost for gaining a knowledge of our Boulder Clay species when, in 1842-3.
the Clear Water Basin was being made, the Boulder Clay exposed during those
excavations being exceptionally rich in shells, and if examined for Microzoa
must have given most interesting results.

The Estuarine Clay is usually rich in Foraminifera. 42 species have been
found in the clay at Blackstaff Bridge, Strangford Lough ; 72 at Magheramorne,
Larne Lough ; and 98 at Limavady Station, Lough Foyle ; these, as a rule,
differ but little from our recent British species. At Limavady Station, Ramulma
lavis, and Lingulina occur, species which are not now found off our coast.

Lagma striato-functeta occurs in abundance at the two latter places, and as this
form is now one of our rarest British Rhiropods, we may infer that a long time

must have elapsed since the clay was deposited.

Under the name of Raised Beaches, maybe classed the shell deposit
Portrush, and the extensive gravel beds at the Curran, Larne ; both are severs
feet above high water mark, and are more recent than the Estuarine Clays at
the latter place, as also at Kilroot, these Clays may be seen underlying the
gravels. A large number of Foraminifera have been found at both stations.

.Gray rudely-worked flints of the North of Ireland, chiefly* and Down. Jour

Roy! HU and Archseol. Assoc, of Ireland. Four* series, Vol. V., No. 39. P- -so. .

\ Fossils of the Estuarine Clays of Down and Antrim.

Wright — Foraminifera of North-East of Ireland.

To my friend Mr. H. B. Brady, F.R.S., I am much indebted for the kind
assistance rendered me in identifying the critical species ; and to my friends Mr.
W. Gray, M.R.I.A. ; Mr. S. A. Stewart, F.B.S.E. ; and Mr. W. Swanston,
F.G.S., for the valuable help they gave me in supplying material for examina-
tion, from various localities not visited by myself.

The following notes on some of the forms found may be of interest The
LagencB were among the most interesting, and occurred in great abundance,
both in numbers and species, in the Estuarine Clay at Limavady Junction.
All our recent British species of Lagena , except crenata , were found at this place.
Trigonal varieties of our flat Entosolenian Lagenas were very numerous. All
the British forms had here their three-sided representatives — viz., marginata ,
lucida , ornata , lagenoides, and pulchella (small), as well as two examples of a
four-sided marginata. These, though curious and interesting, are after all
but subvarietal modifications of the types, not even ranking as good varieties.
I have recorded in the list trigono-marginata , (trigono) oblonga, and trigono-
ornata, as being the best and most characteristic of these varieties.

Lagena striato-punctata, P. and J.

This species, now so rare in British water, is abundant in the Esfuarine
Clay at Magheramome and Limavady Junction j also, a variety very small in
size, and having only six longitudinal ribs.

Lagena aspera, Reuss.

Lagena hispida, Reuss. Wright, Rec. Forams. of Down and Antrim—
Belfast Nat. Field Club Rep., Appendix 1876-7, PI. IV, fig. 7.

A small Lagena, covered with blunt spines, having a tendency at times to
run in longitudinal lines.

Lagena hispida, Reuss.

Lagena Jejpreysii, Brady MS. Wright, Rec. Forams. of Down and
Antrim— Belfast Nat. Field Club Rep., Appendix 1876-7, PI. IY, fig. 15.

A few examples of this rare Lagena have been met with in the Estuarine
Clay at Limavady Junction.

Bulimina subteres, Brady.

Brady, Notes on Reticularian Rhizopoda of the Challenger Expedition-
Quart. Jour. Micr. Sci., Vol. XX, New Series.

Not unfrequent in the Estuarine Clay at Limavady Junction. This species
has only within the last twelve months been recorded as recent on our coasts.

152

Wright— Foraminifera of North-East of Ireland.

It has been dredged off the Shetlands, by Mr. Brady, off the Isle of Skye, by
Mr. Robertson, and off Killybegs Harbour, County Donegal, by myself.

Cassidulina Bradyi, Norman MS.

A few examples of this crozier-shaped Cassidulina have been found in the
Estuarine Clay at Limavady Junction.

Discorbina Parisiensis, D'Orl.

Wright, Rec. Forams. of Down and Antrim— Belfast Nat. Field Club
Rep., Appendix 1876-7, PI. IV, fig. I, abc (not fig. 2, a be).

Not unfrequent in the Estuarine Clays at Magheramorne and Limavady

Junction.

POLYSTOMELLA ARCTICA, P. and J.

This boreal species has been found at several localities in the Boulder Clay.

POST GLACIAL LOCALITIES.

1. Curran, Lame — Very extensive gravel beds ; shells not unfrequent ;
Foraminifera plentiful.

2. Portrush— A considerable accumulation of broken shells in the hollows
of the rocks above high-water mark on the shore convenient to the town of
Portrush ; Foraminifera plentiful.

Cooke’s Statue, Wellington Place, Belfast-Estuarine Clay exposed at the
opening of a sewer near the statue. The Foraminifera indicate brackish water
conditions. All the species found, were also met with at the next station (Well,
King Street), where also the following four species occurred— viz. , Miliolina
oblonga , fusca, Polymorphic ladea, and Verneuilina polystropha , these not
having been found at this locality.

3. Well, King Street, Belfast— In the sinking for a well at Messrs.
Swanston & Bones’s, King Street, a few hundred yards from the last locality,
the following beds were passed through :

^ Estuarine Clay of the usual yellowish grey colour ; Foramm-
I ifera rather common ; more numerous than at Cooke’s
Estuarine Clay , statu e-Miliolina oblonga, fusca, Trochammina squamata,

6 feet. J inflata, macrescens, Lagena lucida, Polymorphic lactea ,
| Verneuilina polystropha, Rotalia Beccarii, Polystomella
crispa, striato-punctata , Nomonina depressula ,

Wright— Foraminifera of North-East of Ireland.

f Estuarine Clay of brownish colour and with offensive smell ;

„ , . ^ Foraminifera very common— Miliolina oblonga, Trocham -

Estuarine Clay, j ■ ■ n * , r ,

22 feet. } mina mJiata (yery fine), macrescens, Lagena lucida, Poly -

j morphina lactea, Rotalia Beccarii , Polystomella striato -
^ punctata ,. Nonionina depressula.

Fine Sand,
24 feet.

Boulder Clay,
50 feet.

’Fine Sand; Foraminifera rare, possibly washed in from the
overlying Estuarine Clay during the sinking of Well—
Trochammina inflata, Rotalia Beccarii, Polystomella striato -
„ , punctata , Nonionina depressula.

j Clay very fine ; Foraminifera very rare—. Rotalia Beccarii,

( Polystomella striato -punctata.

Boulder Clay,
100 feet.

■ Boulder Clay as it usually occurs in our neighbourhood ;

Foraminifera plentiful— Miliolina seminulum, Lagena
■{ 14 illiamsoni, costata, lucid a, melo, Globigerina bulloides,

Cassidulina ctassa, Rotalia Beccarii, Polystomella striato -
punctata, Nonionina depressula.

4. Estuarine Clay exposed in the deepening of Mr. MacLaine’s dock
Corporation Street, Belfast, 1879.

5. Magheramome— Estuarine Clay on the West shore of Larne Lough—
An extensive bank of this clay occurs along the shore, a few hundred yards
south of the ferry-slip, close to the railway station. Lagena striato-punctata,
now one of our rarest British Lagenas , occurs here in abundance, as also at
Limavady Junction. Shells and Foraminifera are abundant.

6. Blackstaff Bridge, Strangford Lough, on Blackstaff River, about two
miles South of Kirkcubbin and East of the road to Portaferry.

7. Limavady Junction, Lough Foyle— Estuarine Clay slightly above high
water, close to the railway station. To Mr. Gray is due the credit of being
the first to discover Estuarine Clay at this place, as also at Blackstaff Bridge.
The clay is exceptionally rich in Foraminifera. A few Polycistinse were found

here.

*54

Wright— Foraminifera of North-East of Ireland.

boulder clay localities.

I Waterworks, Belfast.— In excavating for the ClearWater Basin, in
1841-3 Boulder Clay was exposed, containing an abundance of shells, many o
them water-worn.*' The only material examined for Foraminifera was a little
of the clay washed out of a few specimens of Buccinum undatum. Six species
were found in this way, and considering the very small quantity of the clay
examined, it may be considered fairly rich in Foraminifera.

2. Falls Park, Belfast, about 3 miles from the town, on the Falls Road.—
Boulder Clay cut through by a small stream that flows through the Park. Mr.
Stewart was the first to discover fossils at this place. The discovery was of
special interest, as the clay contained several shells not usually met with in
Boulder Clay, and in this respect appears very similar to the clay excavated
some years ago in making the new basin at the Water Works locality, but
which is not now accessible.

3. Castle-Espie, Co. Down.— Three miles from Comber, on the shore of
Strangford Lough. -Thick beds of Boulder Clay resting on Carboniferous Lime-
stone at the quarries and pottery works. The surface of the limestone is beauti-
fully polished and grooved with ice action.

4. Cherry Valley, near Comber— Cliffs of Boulder Clay, on the shore of
Strangford Lough, I mile S.E. of Comber. No shells found, Foraminifera rare.

5. Ballyholme Bay, Co. Down, half amileN.E. of Bangor.— Bank of
Boulder Clay on the shore now covered by a sea-wall. Very little of the clay
examined.

6 Knock Glen, Co. Down, near the Knock Railway Station.— Cliffs of
Boulder Clay in the Glen, cut through by the stream Conswater. Shells rather
rare, Foraminifera plentiful.

7. Woodbum Glen, I mile N.W. of Carrickfergus, Co. Antrim-High
banks of Boulder Clay at the side of the river Woodbum between the bridges.
L'da ternula and minuta, with both valves attached, are not unfrequent.
The clay here contains Foraminifera in great profusion; 5° species were de-

• See Portlock’s Geol. Rep., Londonderry, &c„ pp. 738-740.

Wright— Foraminipera of North-East of Ireland.

155

tected ; and as a large quantity of the clay has been examined the list from this
locality gives a good record of the Foraminifera of the period. Nonionina arc -
tica is not uncommon, now very rare as a British species, and only met with
off our extreme Northern coast.

8. Black Head.— Boulder Clay on the shore, half a mile N. of the Head.

9. Gobbins, Islandmagee. — Boulder Clay on the shore, 1 mile South of the
Headlands,

10 &*i 1. BalJyrudder, 2 miles N.W. of Ballygally Head. — Bank of Boulder
Clay, also Glacial Gravels underlying the clay ; both contain Foraminifera.

12. Bovevagh Church, Co. Derry, near the village of Dungiven. — Fine
Clay containing Turritella terebra in profusion j* Foraminifera abundant, espe-
cially Lagenas.

Killyleagh, near Shrigley, Co. Down. — No shells found. Foraminifera as
follows : — Truncatulina lobatula , Globigerina bulloides , Nonionina depressulat
and Discorbina globularis. Only a small quantity of the clay examined.

Crumlin River, Co. Antrim, about midway between Crumlin and Lough
Neagh. — A small patch of fine Clay a few yards in extent is here cut through by
the Crumlin River. It contains very fragile examples of Mytilus edulis in pro-
fusion. The following Foraminifera have been found : — Nonionina depressula%
Globigerina bulloides , Discorbina globularis , and Textularia variabilis. Mr. E.
T. Hardman, F.G.S., has— in a paper published by him in the “ Geological
Magazine,” of Dec., 1876— stated that these beds are lacustrine and of Pliocene
age. Since that paper was published, Mr. W. Swanston, F.G.S.,+ has made
a careful examination of these clays, and the result has shown Mr. Hardman’s
conclusions were incorrect, the beds in question being Marine Boulder Clay.

Glacial Gravel beds occur at many places in the vicinity of Dublin. Three
of these— viz. : Balscadden Bay, Ballybrack Station, and Ballyedmonduff— were
visited by me in the Summer of 1879, and some of the gravels from each of
these places brought away for examination. As no Microzoa have as yet been

* Portloek’s Geol. Rep., Londonderry, &c., pp. i57-i59*

t Supposed Fossiliferous Clays on the shore of Lough Neagh.— Geol. Mag., Feb., 1879.

Wright— Foraminifera of North-East of Ireland.

recorded from these gravels, the following list of the Foraminifera found at the
above localities may be of interest : —

LIST OF SPECIES.

Balscadden Bay.

Ballybrack Station.

Ballyedmonduff.

Miliolina trigonula,

c

oblonga, Montagu

Brongniartii, D'Orb. ?

r

r

seminulum, Linn. ?

r

subrotunda, Montagu

r

Textularia variabilis, Will .

r

r

Bulimina pupoides, D'Orb

r

Cassidulina crassa, D' Otb

r

r

Lagena sulcata, W. J

r

Williamsoni, Alcock

c

c

striata, D'Orb.

r

r

marginata, W. J. •••

r

lucida, • Will

r

melo, D'Orb. ...

r

squamosa, Montagu ...

r

...

•••

hexagona, Will.

r

r

Polymorphina lactea, W. &= J.

c

...

compressa, D'Orb •••

r

•••

Globigerina bulloides, D'Orb

r

Truncatulina lobatula, Walker

r

r

Rotalia Beccarii, Linn.

r

c

Polystomella crispa, Linn.

r

r

striato punctata, F. 6° M.

c

v c

r

Nonionina depressula, W. J

V c

v c

c

Wright— Foraminifera of North-East of Ireland.

157

TABLE SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE FORAMINIF-
ERA IN THE POST GLACIAL DEPOSITS OF THE NORTH
EAST OF IRELAND.

Abbreviations : — v. r., very rare ; r., rare ; c., common ; v. c., very common.

Beachts, | Estuarine Clays.

LIST OF SPECIE

S.

Curran, Larne.

Portrush.

Well — King Street, Belfast

'

Docks, Belfast.

Magheramorne, Lame
Lough.

Lame.

Blackstaff Bridge, Strang-
ford Lough.

Limavady Station, Lough
Foyle.

Cornuspira, Schultze.
involvens, Reus s . . .

I

2

r |

3 '

4

r

5

c

6

r

7

v r

8

c

Biloculina, D* Orb.

ringens, Lamk.
depressa, D' Orb. ...

! r

...

v r

v r

vr

c

r

r

elongata, D' Orb. ...

O..

r

. . •

r

Miliolina, Will.

trigonula, Lamk. ...

r

v r

r

c

r

r

tricarinata, D' Orb.

r

c

r

c

oblonga, Montagu

r

r

c

r

r

r

Brongniartii, D1 Orb.

r

r

r

r

seminulum, Linn. ...

r

c

r

v c

r

v c

VC

subrotunda, Montagu

r

VC

vr

c

r

c

VC

secans, D' Orb.

r

bicornis, W. and J.

r

c

V c

r

c

r

fusca.,Brady

vr

Spiroloculina, D’Orb.
limbata, D'Orb. ...

r

r

c

r

planulata, Lamk. ...

• ••

c

v r

v r

canaliculata, D' Orb,
Trochammina, P. and J.
squamata, P. and J.

r

v r

r •

r

r

v r

v r

r

v r

inflata, Montagu . . .

c

v r

r

r

v r

macrescens, Brady

r •

...

r

vr

EIaplophragmium, Reuss.

canariensis, D’Orb.
Textularia, Defrance.

v r

v r

r

v r

v r

sagittula, Defrance

r

r

r

r

r

variabilis, Will

c

VC

c

c

c

c

VC

difformis, Will.

r

c

r

r

pygmea, D’ Orb. ...

, , ,

r

Verneuilina, D’Orb.

polystropha, Reuss

r

...

v r

r

r

...

vr

158 Wright — Foraminifera of North-East of Ireland.

TABLE— (Continued. )

T

liaised

Beaches.

Estuarine Clays.

LIST OF SPECIES.

Curran, Lame.

Portrush.

Well— King Street, Belfast

Docks, Belfast.

1

3

3

2
d

s?

5

1

2

3

4

5

Bulimina, D Orb. j

pupoides, D Orb

vr

v r

c

r

marginata, D Orb. »ee

r

v r

c

r

ovata, D Orb.

v c

c

V c

r

elegantissima, DOrb.
sub teres, Brady MS.

..

...

V c

vr

...

...

...

Virgulina, D’Orb.

Schreibersii, Czjzek

vr

...

c

r

Bolivina, D Orb.

punctata, DOrb. ...

v r

...

r

plicata, D Orb.

r

r

...

r

c

Cassidulina, D Orb.

laevigata, D’Orb. ...

r

vr

...

...

...

crassa, D Orb

c

v c

vr

Bradyi, Norman MS.

...

...

Lagena, W. and J.

v r

sulcata, W. and J.

c

c

...

costata, Will. ...

v r

r

...

r

Williamsoni, Alcock

v c

v c

...

...

v c

Lyellii, Seguenza ... ...

...

v c

...

...

v r

Levis, Montagu

vc

...

c

v c

gracillima, Segnenza ...

r

...

r

v r

globosa, Montagu ...

. r

r

...

...

r

striata, D Orb. ...

. r

r

...

c

c

gracilis, Will.

. ...

...

...

...

v c

striato-punctata, P. and J.

. ...

...

...

semistriata, Will. ...

. r

r

r

r

aspera, Reuss ... ...

v r

...

hispida, Reuss ... ...

...

...

caudata, D Orb.

.. c

c

1 c

marginata, W. and J.

.. c

c

...

i r

var. trigono-marginata, P. and *

7. vr

...

v c

S VI

lucida, Will.

.. c

r

r

V c

var. (trigono) oblonga, Seguenz 1

a v r

r

pulchella, Brady ...

ornata, Will. ... ...

.. c

v r

; 1 ;;

var. trigono-ornata, Siddall

r

v c

vr

r

c

r

vc

vr
v r
r

vr

v r
c

r

c

v r
c
r

v r
r

vr
v r
v r

c

r

vc

c

r

r

r

r

vc

vr

r

r

vc

r

vc

r

r

c

r

c

r

r

vr

c

v c
r

vc

r

v r
vc
vr

Blackstaff Bridge, Strang-

ford Lough.

Limavady Station, Lough
Foyle.

Wright— Foraminifera of North-East of Ireland.

i59

TABLE — (Continued).

Raised |
Beaches. S

Estuarine Clays.

LIST OF SPECIES.

' Curran, Lame.

Portrush.

Well — King Street, Belfast

Docks, Belfast.

Magheramome, Larne
Lough.

Lame.

Blackstaff Bridge, Strang-
ford Lough.

Limavady Station, Lough
Foyle.

1

2 |

3

4

5

6

7

8

Lagena, W. <2r= J.

lagenoides, Will.

• 9*

v r

c

melo, D' Orb.

V c

c" |

I

■ . a

r

VC

c

VC

squamosa, Montagu

v r

VC |

...

c

v r

r

hexagona, Will.

r

c

i ...

c

c

C

Ramulina, Jones.

lsevis , Jones ... ...

...

...

y r

vr

Lingulina, D’ Orb.

carinata, D' Orb.

r

tenera, Bornemann

v r

Nodosaria, Lamk.

raphanus, Linn

..

...

vr

scalaris, Batsch

r

vr

v r

r

r

pyrula, U Orb

r

v r

r

r

r

radicula, Linn.

v r

r

Dentalina, Z>’ Orb.

communis, D' Orb

v r

r

guttifera, D'Orb. ...

r

obliqua, D' Orb

v r

vr

r

Vaginulina, D Orb.

legumen, Linn ,

r

v r

Marginulina, D' Orb.

lituus, D’ Orb

r

Cristellaria, Lamk.

rotulata, Lamk.

v r

v r

v r

vr

crepidula, F. &> M.

v r

v r ’

v r

Polymorphina, D' Orb.

lactea, W. &> J.

r

r

r

v r

vr

r

c

r

gibba, U Orb.

c

v c

r

c

c

r

oblonga, Will.

r

v r

v r

v r

r

compressa, D'Orb.

v r

r

r

r

r

r

concava, Will.

r

myristiformis, Will.

r

v r

Uvigerina, D' Orb.

angulosa, Will.

v r

c

v r

r

v r

r

Orbulina, D'Orb.

universa, D' Orb

r

...

...

r

160 Wright— Foraminifera of North-East of Ireland.

TABLE— (Continued).

LIST OF SPECIES.

Globigerina, jD’ Orb.
bulloides, Z>’ Orb. ...

inflata, L? Orb

Spirillina, Ehrenb.

vivipera, Ehrenb. ...
Patellina, Will.

corrugata, Will

Discorbina, P. 6° J.

rosacea, D1 Orb

globularis, D' Orb.
Parisiensis, Orb.
Bertheloti, D’ Orb.
Planorbulina, D' Orb.

Mediterranensis, D' Orb. ..
Truncatulina, D'Orb.

lobatula, Walker

refulgens, Montfort
Tinoporus, Montfort.
laevis, P. 6° J.
lucidus, Brady MS.
PULVINULINA, P. 6° J.

auricula, F. 6° M.
Rotalia, Lamk.

Beccarii, Linn

nitida, Will.

Nonionina, D' Orb.
umbilicatula, Montagu
depressula, W. &* J.
turgida, Will.
scapha, F. 6° M. ...

Polystomella, Lamk.
crispa, Linn.
striato-punctata, F. &• M.

Raised

Beaches.

Estuarine Clays.

PQ

g %

§ §

§ J

a»

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

’

/

VC

V C

...

r

v c

vr

V c

...

...

C

...

...

r

v r

...

c

r

v r

v r

c

r

r

r

...

...

r

...

...

r

c

r

v r

r

c

vr

c

r

...

r

...

...

v r

r

r

r

c

r

r

v c

v c

r

r

c

c

r

...

v r

v r

v r

...

...

v r

...

••

...

...

v r

vr

r

vr

...

r

...

...

v r

...

c

r

r

v c

v c

c

v c

v c

VC

...

r

r

••

r

r

r

c

v r

v r

...

c

c

V c

V c

c

V c

V c

vc

c

r

r

r

v r

c

r

v r

v r

v r

vr

r

r

v c

c

c

r

v c

v c

VC

c

c

r

V c

r

r

v c

c

V c

Blackstaff Bridge, Strang-
ford Lough.

Limavady Station, Lough
Foyle.

Wright— Foraminifera of North-East of Ireland.

161

TABLE SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE FORAMINIFERA
IN THE BOULDER CLAY DEPOSITS OF THE NORTH EAST
OF IRELAND.

4-J

c n
jA

Vh

1j

w

■a

! o
1

Falls Park, Belfast.

1 Castle-Espie, Co. Down. |

Cherry Valley, Co. Down.

Ballyholme Bay, Co. Down.

Knock Glen, Co. Down.

Woodburn Glen, Carrickfergus. 1

Black Head, Co. Antrim.

Gobbins, Islandmagee.

Ballyrudder, Co. Antrim.

Ballyrudder, Co. Antrim (gravel). I

Bovevagh Church, Co. Derry.

r

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

IO

II

12

r

r

r

r

VC

c

vr

r

r

vr

...

r

c

c

...

r

c

vr

r

r

r

...

c

••

r

VC

VC

...

vr

c

vr

vf

vr

r

...

r

r

r

vr

r l

r

c

vr

r

r

...

r

r

c

vr

r

...

r

...

r

vr

... j

vr

r

...

vr

vr

vr

v r

r

vr

1

vr

LIST OF SPECIES.

Cornuspira, Scultze.

involvens, Reuss ...
Biloculina, D' Orb.
ringens , Lamk.
depressa, D' Orb. ...
elongata, D' Orb. ...
Miliolina, Will.
tricarinata, D'Orb....
oblonga, Montagu . . .
Brongniartii, D' Orb.
seminulum, Linn. ...
subrotunda, Montagu
Spiroloculina, D’ Orb.

limbata, D’ Orb.
Haplophragmium, Reuss.

canarierisis, D' Orb.
Textularia, Defrance.
sagittula, Defrance
variabilis, Will.
diffdrmis, Will.
Bulimina, D’ Orb.
pupoides, D1 Orb. ...
marginata, D’ Orb. ...
ovata, D Orb.
elegantissima, D' Orb.
Virgulina, D' Orb.

Schreibersii, Czjzek
Bolivina, D’ Orb.
punctata, D'Orb. ...
plicata, DyOrb.

1 62 Wright— Foraminifera of North-East of Ireland,

TABLE— (Continued).

LIST OF SPECIES.

A

in

§>

13

§

S3

tP

i

'u

ri

<1

W>

1

Q

6

o

Q

6

O

S3

£

o

Q

•3

•rj

ri

U

<U,

o>

S’

1

J

ri

I

4

O

6

S3"

o

o

d

jf

ri

M

Q

cf

3

U

tS

ri

r^H

C/5

U

vT

O

s-T

13

>

0)

s

<U

O

a

s

ri

05

K

o

PQ

1— 1
c/T

<u

3

05

<u

r=i

P

o

£

PQ

*3

o

&

o

o

1*

ri

o

O

ri

5h

>>

"ri

M

2

>>

13

PS

Cassidulina, U Orb.
laevigata, D’Orb. ...
crassa, D'Orb.

Lagena, W. and J.
sulcata, W. and J.
costata, Will. •••

Williamsoni, Alcock
laevis, Montagu
gracillima, Seguenza
globosa, Montagu ...
striata, D’Orb.
gracilis, Will. •••

semistriata, Will. ...
caudata, D’ Orb. . . .
marginata, W. and J.

var. trigono-marginat;
lucida, Will. \an

melo, D’ Orb.
squamosa, Montagu
hexagona, Will.

Nodosa ri a, Lamk.
scalar's, Batch.

Vaginulina, D’Orb.
legumen, Linn.

Cristellaria, Lamk.
crepidula, F. and M.

Polymorphina, D’ Orb.
lactea, W. and J. ...
fusiformis, Rcemer
gibba, D’Orb.
compressa, D’Orb.

Uvigerina, D’ Orb.
angulosa, Will.

Orbulina, D’Orb.
universa, L? Orb. . . .

1

i f

2 '

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

IO

ii

12

..

vr

...

vr

• •

VC

r

...

...

VC

vr

vr

...

r

r

r

r

r

...

r 1

vr

vr

r

vr

...

c

r

r

r

VC

r

r

r

c

c

r

vr

vr

vr

r

c

vr

r

r

...

...

i

vr

vr

r

...

r

r

vr

r

vr

c

vr

...

...

...

r

vr

r

vr

r

r

r

vr

r

r

c

c

C

c

...

c

c

r

fe

...

vr

...

...

?•]

r

r

vr

c

c

c

c

r

r

r

r

r

vr

vr

c

r

...

...

...

r

vr

...

...

...

c

c

...

vr

vr

vr

c

r

VC

c

r

vr

r^

r

...

vr

...

c

c

vr

r

r

r

r

...

r

r

...

...

...

...

r

...

Wright— Foraminifera of North-East of Ireland.

163

TABLE— (Continued).

LIST OF SPECIES.

Globigerina, D' Orb.
bulloides, D'Orb. ...

Patellina, Will.
corrugata, Will.

Discorbina, P. and J.
rosacea, D' Orb.
globularis, D' Orb.

Planorbulina, D' Orb.
Mediterranensis, D ’ Orb.

Truncatulina, D'Orb.
lobatula, Walker ...

Rotalia, Lamk.

Beccarii, Linn.
nitida, Will.

Nonionina, D’ Orb.
depressula, W. and J.
scapha, F. and M.

Polvstomella, Lamk.
crispa, Linn.
striato-punctata, F. and M.
arctica, P. and J.

O

7 I 8

r

vr

i

r • r
r ...

r

vc

Ballyrudder, Co. Antrim (gravel).
Bovevagh Church, Co. Derry.

■

'

■

I

..

...

...

*

■ ''I

' •Xri

.

■

-

[Proceedings Belfast Naturalists' Field Club — Appendix , 1879-80.]

THE MOLLDSCA OF THE BOULDER CLAY OF THE
HORTH EAST OF IRELAND.

By S. A. STEWART,

Fellow of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh.

♦

Amongst the British deposits of the Glacial Period the Boulder Clay is
undoubtedly the most important. Though of small magnitude, as compared
with beds of greater antiquity, yet it exhibits such remarkable characters as
render it unique, and in the entire sedimentary series there are no rocks which
can be classed as altogether similar. Attempts have been made to prove a
succession of Glacial Epochs in not only Secondary, but also Palaeozoic times ; but
if Glacial conditions ever prevailed during those eras, only comparatively faint
and questionable evidences remain to us, and the epoch to which the Boulder
Clay belongs must still be regarded as the Glacial Epoch.

The structure and physical characters of the Boulder Clay, as it occurs in
this district, are so distinct that it may be recognised without difficulty, and it
has been accurately described by successive writers from the time of Portlock
down to the present. It is a stiff, compact, unstratified clay, usually reddish
brown, but sometimes blue, very tenacious when moist, and containing numerous
boulders, as well as many smaller stones. These boulders and stones have
their angles more or less rounded off, their surfaces being in most cases
scratched or striated, and such as admit of polishing — especially the limestones
— are often beautifully polished. The larger portion of the stones have been

derived from local rocks ; but such as are not from the immediate vicinity have
been transported from somewhere to the north, sometimes east of north , and
often to the west of north.

Stewart — Mollusca of the Boulder Clay.

i 66

The Molluscan shells occurring in the Boulder Clay are not numerous ; in
most cases they are only found by patient searching, and then only m a frag-
mentary condition ; but in a few instances they are less rare, and include speci-
mens in a perfect state. Astarte sulcata , A. elliptica , A. compressa, and Leda
pernula are the prevailing and characteristic forms ; the most widely diffused
and the most numerous in examples. Fragments of these shells are to be found
almost everywhere, and perfect shells are frequently met with. Leda pygmcea
is also remarkable. Though a very small and fragile shell, it is usually found
in a perfect state, with the two valves united. The presence of perfect shells
of Leda was known long since to General Portlock, and forced him to the same
conclusion as arrived at by the Author, that the Boulder Clay is a marine
sedimentary deposit. The absence of stratification has led most geologists to
the conclusion that the Boulder Clay is an accumulation resulting from land ice,
and the occurrence in it of so many marine shells seems to have been either
unknown or overlooked. Thefauna ofthe Boulder Clay is not by any means rich,
and this is what we might expect from the rigour of the climate of that period.
Nevertheless it is a marine fauna ; and there is unquestionable evidence m the
case of several of the species that they truly belong to the deposit, and were not
drifted into their present position from a distant locality, nor yet are they fossils
derived from an older bed.

From what has been stated, it will be seen that we must account for the
want of stratification in some other way than the land-ice theory, as the presence
of even one marine shell unquestionably belonging to the deposit renders that
theory invalid. The supposition of a general ice-cap can derive no support
from the Boulder Clay. The underlying rocks are very often glaciated, and
hear strise which tell of ice that was moving over them from the north, and this
is corroborated by the stones contained in the clay, which also tend to show a
similar ice movement. We must, therefore, conclude that the clay was rapidly
deposited from water-borne ice, and that the ice, with its burthen of clay and
stones, was impelled by currents having a more or less southerly direction. On
the floor of the sea lived a scanty boreal fauna. Many of the shells were
broken into fragments by the ice grounding in the shallow waters, or by t e
dropping down of large boulders, and the result that remains is the unstratified
till, with its occasional entire shells and more numer,. us fragments

The Boulder Clay forms the subsoil over the greater part of our district
adding much to the fertility of the land. It is best seen in river banks, because
the streams have made sections of the strata, and thereby exposed it to our
view. It has, consequently, been often considered as only, or mainly, deposited
in sheltered hollows ; but it is found 'that where artificial cuttings have been

Stewart— Mollusca of the Boulder Clay.

167

made, as in quarries or roads, they discover the Boulder Clay equally on the
hill-side or level plain.

The Glacial Drift has been divided by geologists of eminence inth three
stages First, the lower Boulder Clay, the most extensive, and displaying the
greatest evidence of Arctic conditions ; second, certain sands and gravels
deposited under milder conditions of climate ; and third, the upper Boulder
Clay, which is said to indicate a recurrence of Arctic conditions. My researches
do not lead me to accept this classification. I am unable to separate it into
upper and lower, and the gravels said to be interglacial seem to be only local
modifications of the deposits of one continuous period, during which Arctic, or
semi- Arctic, conditions prevailed over this country without any interval of
relaxation. The sands and gravels at Ballyrudder, near Glenarm, which
Professor Hull regards as interglacial,* yield abundant specimens of a fauna as
Arctic in character as any portion of the Boulder Clay, and are overlaid by an
unstratified clay which I cannot distinguish from deposits which are said to be
lower Boulder Clay.

FOSSIL LOCALITIES.

BELFAST WATERWORKS.

The Boulder Clay at this locality has yielded a much larger number of
Molluscan remains than any other similar deposit in Ireland. Forty-seven
different shells are enumerated in the subjoined list, mostly collected in 1842-3
by the late Messrs. James Bryce, F.G.S., and George C. Hyndman, who pub-
lished their results in Portlock’s Report on the Geology of Londonderry,
PP- 738-9- A further and more complete list of the shells of the Waterworks
was given by Mr. Bryce in the “Philosophical Magazine,” vol. 26, pp. 433-5.
This deposit of Boulder Clay was proved to be undoubtedly rich in fossils ; but
it is not, however, to be inferred that, as compared with other localities, this
spot was so excessively rich as would appear from the lists. Mr. Bryce states
that about ten thousand cubic yards of the clay were removed during the exca-
vations for the lower reservoir, and that the great number of shells obtained was
due to the watchfulness of various collectors. In other instances only the
surface of a limited section can be examined, and it will be seen that no fair

* Hull— Physical Geology and Geography of Ireland, p. 88.

1 68 Stewart— Mollusca of the Boulder Clay.

comparison is possible: The four species added by me to the list published by
Bryce were obtained by close scrutiny of material collected by the late Mr
Hyndman, the deposit being now inaccessible.

WOODBURN, COUNTY ANTRIM.

A deep bed of Boulder Clay is, for a considerable distance, cut through by
the Woodburn River, at rather more than a mile north-west of Carnckfergus.
This bed has yielded ten species of shells, and is notable for the occurrence of
three species of Leda, many of the specimens being in a perfect state. Trophon
laitriceus was also found here.

FALLS PARK, BELFAST..

This locality is close to the town, opening to the Falls Road. The clay here
would be quite as rich in fossils as that of the Waterworks if sufficient material
were available. The beds are exposed only in the low banks of the small stream
that flows through the park, and, consequently, the search for fossils can on y
be conducted by examining the surfaces of the sections. Seven species have
been collected here, all of northern types, including Astarte triangularis . an
Trophon Gunneri , which are not recorded from any of the other localities.
Fragments of Balani are frequent here, as in all the fossil localities I have
examined, except Bovevagh.

BANGOR, COUNTY DOWN.

The Boulder Clay is seen in a high bank on the shore at Ballyholme, half a
mile north-east of Bangor. Six species of the usual northern forms have been
found in this spot. The rocks, where denuded of clay, are seen to be finely
glaciated.

KNOCK, COUNTY DOWN.

A small stream (Connswater) has exposed the Boulder Clay in the high
banks of Knock Glen, near the Knock railway station. Shells are not plentiful
at this plaee ; four species only have been found. Leda minuta and Leda
pygmoea are not rare j they usually occur quite perfect.

Stewart — Mollusca of the Boulder Clay.

169

CASTLE-ESPIE, COUNTY DOWN.

Three miles from Comber, on the shore of Strangford Lough, there is an
extensive deposit of Boulder Clay resting on Carboniferous Limestone, which is
beautifully polished and striated. Shells are very scarce in the clay. Astarte
sulcata and a Leda were the only forms recognised.

CRUMLIN RIVER, COUNTY ANTRIM.

The Boulder Clay is exposed at several points on the Crumlin River, and
this locality is remarkable for the occurrence of a small patch, not much over a
square yard in extent, as far as seen, but crowded with shells of Mytilus edulis
in a very fragile condition. This bed is exposed on the south bank of the
river, at about midway between Crumlin and the shore of Lough Neagh. It
was discovered by Mr. E. T. Hardman, F.G.S., who supposed the shells to
represent a species of Unio , and the clay to be a lacustrine deposit of Pliocene
age.* Mr. W. Swanston, F.G.S., has shownf that the shells are really the
tests of the common mussel, and that the clay is truly glacial. No other shells
have been found associated with the Mytilus , but Mr. Joseph Wright, F.G.S.,
has found several species of Foraminifera.

BOVEVAGH RIVER, COUNTY DERRY.

This bed is situated not far from the village of Dungiven, and was
described by Portlock in the Report on the Geology of Londonderry, page 159.
It is only remarkable on account of the occurrence, in a very limited exposure
of great numbers of Turretella terebra, , a shell that seems to be rare in the
Boulder Clay elsewhere in Ireland.

BALLYRUDDER, COUNTY ANTRIM.

A most interesting glacial bed is to be seen at Ballyrudder, about six miles
north of Larne, on the road to Glenarm. This deposit was examined long since
by Dr. Jeffreys and the late Mr. George C." Hyndman, who published, in the
Report af the British Association for 1859, a list of the shells which they found,
at the same time intimating that their search was not exhaustive. It has also
been recently mentioned by Mr. T. Mellard Reade, F.G.S., in Vol. XXXV. of

* Geol. Mag., Dec. 2. Yol. 3, p. 556.

+ Geol. Mag., Dec. 2, Vol. 6, No. II.

170 Stewart— Mollusca of the Boulder Clay.

the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London. Mr. Reade appre-
hended the importance of this bed, and in his communication gives a section
and interesting notes. The deposit at this place is well exposed, and differs
much from those of the foregoing localities. It consists of gravel, with sub-
ordinate layers of sand and clay, the combined thickness of this series being
about twenty feet. The gravels are overlaid by a bed of ordinary Boulder Cla y ,
about ten feet thick. The base is not seen. The gravels can be traced along
the road for some fifty or sixty yards, and yield a number of very interesting
shells, univalves preponderating.

LIST OF THE MOLLUSCA OF THE NORTH-EAST OF

IRELAND.

I gratefully acknowledge that in compiling this list I received valuable
assistance from Dr. J. Gwynn Jeffreys. F.R.S., who, with his usual kindness,
undertook the identification of such of my shells as were in any degree doubtful.

Rhynchonella psittacea. Chemnitz.

Ballyrudder, County Antrim, Jeffreys and Hyndman. Report Brit.
Assoc., 1859.

Anomia ephippium, Linn.

Belfast Waterworks. Bryce. Phil. Mag., Vol. XXVI ., p. 433 :
Ballyrudder. Jeffreys and Hyndman.

OSTREA EDULE, Linn.

Belfast Waterworks. Bryce.

Pecten MAXIMUS, Linn.

Belfast Waterworks. Bryce.

mytilus edulis, Linn.

Woodbum, Bangor, Ballyrudder, S. A. S. ; Belfast Waterworks, Bryce ;
Ballyrudder, Jeffreys and Hyndman. In great abundance in a bed of stiff
blue Boulder Clay on the banks of the Crumlin River.

Stewart— Mollusca of the Boulder Clay.

171

Modiolaria marmorata, Forbes.

Ballyrudder, County Antrim, S. A. S.

Nucula nucleus, Linn .

Waterworks, Bryce ; Woodbum, S. A. S.

Leda pygm^ea, Munst.

Knock, Woodburn, Ballyrudder, S. A. S. This tiny, delicate shell is not
uncommon, and almost invariably found in a perfect state.

Leda minuta, Muller.

Knock, Waterworks, Woodbum, Ballymdder, S. A. S. Similarly to the
preceding species, this shell is very often met with in a perfect state.

Leda pernula, Muller.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce; Falls Park, Waterworks, Woodburn, S. A. S.
My largest specimen attained a breadth of one inch.

Pectunculus glycimeris, Linn.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

Arca pectunculoides, Sacchi.

Belfast Waterworks, S. A. S.

Arca lactea, Linn.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

Lucina borealis, Linn.

Woodbum, Ballyrudder, S. A. S.

Cardium echinatum, Linn.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

Cardium nodosum, Turton.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

172

Stewart — Mollusca of the Boulder Clay.

Cardium edule, Linn.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

Astarte sulcata, Da Costa .

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce ; Bangor, Castle-Espie, Knock, Waterworks,
Woodburn, Falls Park, S. A. S. This species and the following variety
are to be found in almost every Bed of Boulder Clay. Frequently the
shells are entire, but more commonly fragmentary. In the deposit at the
Waterworks it is especially abundant.

Astarte sulcata var . elliptica, Brown.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce ; Ballyrudder Jeffreys and Hyndman; Knock,
&c., S. A. S.

Astarte compressa, Montagu.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce ; Bangor, Falls Park, Woodburn, S. A. S.

Astarte compressa var. globosa, Moller.

Ballyrudder, Jeffreys and Hyndman.

Astarte triangularis, Montagu.

I found one specimen only in the Boulder Clay at the Falls Park.

Astarte borealis, Chemnitz.

Belfast Waterworks, G. C. Hyndman.

Venus gallina, Linn.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce ; Bovevagh, County Derry, S. A. S.

Venus ovata, Pennant.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

Tapes aureus, Gmelin.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

Tapes decussatus, Linn.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

Stewart — Mollusca of the Boulder Clay.

173

Tellina balthica, Linn.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce ; Ballyrudder, Jeffreys and Hyndman ; Falls
Park; S. A. S.

Tellina calcarea, Chemnitz.

Belfast Waterworks, G. C. Hyndman; Ballyrudder, Jeffreys and
Hyndman.

Mactra substruncta, Da Costa.

Belfast Waterworks, G. C. Hyndman ; Ballyrudder, Jeffreys and Hynd-
man, also S. A. S.

Mactra solida vat , truncata, Montagu.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

Mactra Solida var. elliptica, Brown.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

Scrobicularia piperata, Bellonius.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

Mya truncata, Linn.

Belfast Waterworks, S. A. S.

Saxicava rugosa, Linn.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

Saxicava rugosa var. arctica, Linn.

Falls Park, Waterworks, Woodburn, Ballyrudder, S. A. S.

Pholas parva, Pennant .

Ballyrudder, County Antrim, where I found one specimen. It is men-
tioned by Jeffreys as occurring in the Red crag, which is the only other
British deposit in which it is found fossil, so far as I know.

Pholas crispata, Linn.

Belfast Waterworks, fragments only, Bryce.

174

Stewart — Mollusca of the Boulder Clay*

Chiton marmoreus, Fabricius.

Ballymdder, S. A. S.

Emarginula fissura, Linn.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

Trochus tumidus, Montagu.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

Lacuna pallidula, Da Costa.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

Lacuna divaricata, Babricius.

Ballyrudder, S. A. S.

Littorina litorea, Linn.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

Turritella terebra, Linn.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce; Knock and Ballyrudder, S. A. S. ; Bovevagh,
Co. Derry, Portlock. This is a rare shell in our Boulder Clay, except at
Bovevagh, where I found it abundant in one spot, as recorded by General
Portlock.

Turritella erosa, Couthouy.

Ballyrudder, Co. Antrim, Jeffreys and Hyndman.

Natica Montacuti, Forbes.

Ballyrudder, Co. Antrim, Jeffreys and Hyndman.

Natica affinis, Gmelin.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce : Ballyrudder, S. A. S.

Aporrhais pes-pelicani, Linn.
Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

Stewart— Moelusca of the Boulder Clay.

i75

Purpura lafileus, Linn,

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce,

Buccinum undatum, Linn ,

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce ; Ballyrudder, S, A. S,

Buccinum undatum var. fusiforme,

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

Buccinum grceanlandicum var, undueatum, Moller,

Ballyrudder, County Antrim, Jeffreys and Hyndman.

Murex erinaceous, Linn.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

Trophon clathratus, Linn.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce ; Bangor, S. A. S. ; Ballyrudder, Jeffreys and
Hyndman, also S. A. S.

Trophon clathratus var. Gunneri, Loven. ■

Falls Park, Belfast, S. A. S.

Trophon truncatus, Stromer.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce ; Falls Park, Ballyrudder, S. A. S.

Trophon latericeus, Moller .

Woodburn, Co, Antrim, S. A. S.

Fusus antiquus, Linn,

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

Fusus antiquus Monst . cinctum.

Belfast Waterworks, Geo. C. Hyndman, S. A.. S. I have seen two
specimens of this form, which seems to me entitled to be considered as a
variety rather than as a monstrosity.

Fusus gracilis, Da Costa.

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

Stewart— Mollusca of the Boulder Clay.

176

Nassa reticulata, linn .

Belfast Waterworks, Bryce.

Hassa pygm/ea, Lamarck.

Bangor, Co. Down, S. A, S.

Nassa incrassata, Stromer.

Ballyrudder, Co. Antrim, S. A. S,

Pleurotoma turricula, Montagu.

Ballyrudder, Co. Antrim, Jeffreys and Hyndman.

Pleurotoma decussata, Couthouy .

Ballyrudder, Co. Antrim, S. A. S.

Pleurotoma exarata, Moller.

Ballyrudder, Co. Antrim, S. A. S.

Pleurotoma pyramidalis. Stromer.

Ballyrudder, Co. Antrim, Jeffreys and Hyndman. Dr. Jeffreys thinks that
this was the shell published as Mmgelia. Pingdii in Brit. Assoc. Report,
It seems to me nearly certain that the correction is right.

Cypbjea europ^a, Montagu.
Bangor, Co. Down, S. A. S.

11 FEB 1S86

APPENDIX VI.

a oust

OF

RECENT FORAMINIFERA

OBTAINED DURING THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB’S
EXCURSION TO

SOUTH DONEGAL,

August , 1880.

BY

JOSEPH WEIGHT, F.G.S.;

K)

SPONGE REMAINS

FROM THE CARBONIFEROUS LIMESTONE OF BEN BULBEN,
COUNTY SLIGO.

BY

JOSEPH WRIGHT, F.G.S.;

AND

FOSSIL SPONGE-SPICULES

FROM THE CARBONIFEROUS STRATA OF BEN BULBEN,
NEAR SLIGO.

BY

H. J. CARTER, F.R. S., &c.,

Reprinted from “ The Annals and Magazine of Natural History ,” for
September, 1880.

Published by “The Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club,” April, 1882.

.

.

I

'

( Proceedings Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club. — Appendix 1880-1881.)

FORAMINIFERA FOUND DURING THE BELFAST
NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB’S EXCURSION

TO

SOUTH DONEGAL, 1880.

Plate VIII. (upper half), figs. 1-5.

'pj^j’HE objects contemplated by the Club in visiting the Southern Coast of
(dJXv^) County Donegal embraced several departments of Natural Science,
'U® especially botany and geology, and as the time was limited it was im-
possible to devote much attention to dredging. Three shore gatherings, and
four hauls of the dredge were, however, secured, and the present list is the
result of an examination of material thus obtained. This list is not given
as exhaustive of the locality visited, but simply as a contribution to
our knowledge of the Irish rhizopodal fauna. It will also serve to indicate
that rich results are likely to reward more systematic investigations in
this quarter. Of the shore gatherings, that from Muckros was the only one
which yielded a good supply of Microzoa. It was collected in a small sandy
bay adjoining the singularly wild and remarkable precipices of Muckros Head.
As is usual in the sandy bays open to the Atlantic, along our Western Coast
Truncatulina lobatula greatly preponderated over all other forms. Haplo-
phragmium globigeriniforme, Lagena costata, and Polymorphina myristiformis
were large and abundant at Muckros, and also in the dredgings taken in the
open sea, off the headlands of Slieve League, whilst the same forms were rare,
and in poor condition in the more sheltered waters of Killybegs Harbour. The
four dredgings from Killybegs and Slieve League might, with little disadvan-
tage, have been recorded as from two stations. For example, the two gather-
ings from Killybegs, one taken in seven fathoms water, inside the harbour,
the other in seventeen fathoms, a few hundred yards outside the Lighthouse,
were very similar, both in nature of bottom and foraminiferous yield. The
material dredged at both places was soft turfy ooze, yielding Microzoa in great
profusion, and differing merely in that the one gathered outside the Light-

180 Wright — Foraminifera oj South Donegal .

house was somewhat more sandy, and yielded a larger number of species.
Bulimina, Bolivina , and Cassidulina were the characteristic genera at both
places. The two gatherings taken off Slieve League differed scarcely in any
particular.

I have taken advantage of the present opportunity to record (under
column 8) a list of species found in a dredging taken off Portstewart, by my
friend Mr. James Wright, and kindly sent by him to me for examination.

I am deeply indebted to my friend Mr. H. B. Brady, F.R.S., who, with his
usual kindness, has examined and named the critical species ; as also to my
friend Mr. W. Swanston, F.G.S., for the accurate and artistic drawings of the
Foraminifera which accompany this memoir.

I append a few remarks on one or two of the forms of more special interest.

Haplophragmium glomeratum, Brady. (Plate viii, figs, 1, la.)

Lituola glomerata, Brady, 1878, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 5, vol.

1, p. 433, PI. xx. fig, 1 a, b, c.

This simple little Haplophragmium is abundant in Killybegs Harbour. It
was also dredged last year by Mr. David Robertson, F.L.S., off the Isle of Skye,
being the first record of its occurrence in British waters. The Irish examples
are not so coarse in texture as the type specimens from the Arctic seas,
figured by Mr. Brady ,

Ammodiscus Siioneana, Siddall.

Trochammina Shoncana, Siddall, 1878, Proc. Chester. Soc. Nat. Sci., part

2, p. 46.

A few examples of this pretty little Ammodiscus were found off Killybegs
Harbour. It has hitherto been only met with in the Estuary of the Dee, by
Mr. J. D. Siddall ; and in Belfast Lough, by Dr. Malcomson.

Gaudryina filiformis, Berthelin. (PI. viii. figs, 3, 3 a, Zb.)

Gaudryina jiliformis, Berthelin, 1880, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, Ser. 3,
Yol. 1. Mem. No. 5, p. 25, pi. 1, fig, 8, a— d.

An elongated sandy Gaudryina, with later chambers subquadrate. Often
in a fragmentary state, the loose sandy texture of its test making it liable to
be easily broken. Well-grown perfect examples are not unfrequent off Killy-
begs. It has been found at many stations round our Irish Coasts; also off
Skye, by Mr. Robertson.

Bulimina bubtereb, Brady , M>S. (PI. viii. figs, 2, 2a.)

Bulimina saltires, Brady, 1880, Notes on Reticularian Rhizopoda of the
Challenger Expedition— Quart. Journ. Micr. Sol., Vol. xxi, New
Series, p. 25.

Wright — Forciminifera of South Donegal,

181

Fine examples of this handsome Bulimina are not nnfrequent off Killy-
begs Harbour. It has also been found off Skye, by Mr. Robertson, and off the
Shetlands, by Mr. Brady.

Lagena marginata, Walker 8f Jacob. (PI. viii. figs, 4, 4a.)

Serpula ( Lagena ) marginata , Walker & Jacob, 1784. Test. Min. p. 3, pi.

1, 7.

Examples similar to Walker & Jacob’s type, having a broad marginal keel
of transparent shell substance, are not unfrequent round our coasts. Rare off
Killybegs Harbour, seventeen fathoms.

Lagena marginata var. Orbignyana, Seguenza. (PI. viii. figs, 5, 5a.)

Fissurina Orbignyana, Seguenza, 1862, Foram, Monotal. Mess. p. 66, pi. 2,
figs, 25, 26.

This well-marked variety, with three keels, is abundant almost everywhere
round our coast. It is plentiful in all the Donegal gatherings.

Lagena costata, Williamson.

Entosolenia costata, 1858, Rec. For. Gr. Br. p. 9, pi. 1, fig, 18 ; Wright,
Proc. Belfast Nat. Field Club — app. 1876-7, pi. 4, figs, 11 — 14.

I have remarked that, of all our British Lagence, this form appears to flourish
best off the exposed parts of our coasts. I imagine this must be due to its
strong test enabling it to thrive better in rough water than the other more
delicately formed species. Frequent off Slieve League.

Fragments of a long, slender, tapering, arenaceous form, consisting of a
number of segments, and having its shell-wall frequently composed of closely-
fitting sponge spicula, arranged side by side, are not unfrequent off Slieve
League, as well as at other stations round our coast. It is, most probably, a
Reophax , but as no perfect example has as yet been obtained, its place among
the Foraminifera could not be given with any degree of certainty.

LIST OF LOCALITIES, WITH PARTICULARS OF DEPTH, &c.

l82

Wright — Foraminifera of South Donegal.

Wright — Foraminifera of South Donegal ,

183

TABLE SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF FORAMINIFERA GA-
THERED DURING THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD
CLUB’S EXCURSION TO SOUTH DONEGAL, 1880.

Abbreviations: — vr, very rare; r, rare; c, common; vc, very common. Speciea
marked * are new to the British Fauna. Figures in column marked f refer to plate VIII
accompanying this paper.

LIST OF SPECIES.

Reference to plate VIII.

I Donegal, — between tides.

Ardara, — between tides.

Muckros Bay, — between tides.

Between Slieve League and
Malinbeg, — 24 fms.

Off Slieve League, — 34 fms.

Killybegs Harbour, — 7 fms.

Off Killybegs Harbour, —
17 fms.

Off Portstewart, — 15 fms.

t

1

2

S

4

5

6

7

8

Cornuspira, Schultze.
involvens, Reuss

...

r

r

r

r

r

r

foliacea, Philippi

...

...

...

...

...

v r

...

Biloculina, Z)’ Orb.

ringens, Lamk.

...

c

r

r

v c

c

r

depressa, D’Orb.

c

r

r

r

r

c

elongata, Z)’ Orb.

v r

...

...

r

...

r

r

...

sphaera, 1)’ Orb.

c

...

r

Miliolina, Will.

trigonula, Lamk.

...

...

r

r

r

r

tricarinata, D' Orb. ...

r

...

r

r

r

r

oblonga, Montagu

r

...

r

r

r

r

Brongniartii, D' Orb

r

...

...

r

r

r

semin ulum, Linn.

r

c

c

c

v c

v c

c

subrotunda, Montagu ...

r

c

c

c

c

c

v c

secans, D, Orb.

v r

c

r

v r

c

bicornis, W. 3.

v r

c

V c

c

r

r

c

Ferussacii, Z)’ Orb.

r

r

...

v r

r

r

fusca, Brady

r

c

...

...

...

...

...

...

Spiroloculina, I)’ Orb.

limbata, Z)’ Orb.

...

r

r

r

r

r

r

planulata, Lamk.

...

r

r

r

r

v r

P8AMMATODENDROM, Norman , M.S.
arborescens, Norman , M.S.,
fragment

...

...

...

...

v r

184 Wright — Foraminifera of South Donegal,

TABLE — Continued.

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

Reophax, Montfort.
fusiformis, Will.
scorpiurus, Montfort ...
Haplophragmium, Reuss.
globigeriniforme, P. Sf J.
glomeratum, Brady ...
pseudospirale, Will. ...
Canariense, D’Orb. ...
Ammodiscus, Reuss.
incerta, D’ Orb. ...
gordialis, J. Sf P.
Sboneana, Siddall
Trochammina, P. Sf J.
squamata, P. Sf J.
infiata, Montagu
Texttjlaria, Defrance.
sagittula, Defrance ...
agglutinaus, D’Orb. ...
trochus, D’ Orb.
difformis, Will.
Gaudryina, D'Orh.'

*filiformis, Berthelin. ...
Verneuilina, D’Orb.

polystropba, Reuss
Bulimina, D’Orb.
pupoides, D’Orh.
marginata, D’ Orb.
aculeata, D’Orb.
ovata, D’Orb.
elegantissima, D’Orb.
*subteres, Brady
Virgulina, D’Orb.

Schreibersii, Czjzek ..
Bolivina, D’ Orb.
dilatata, Reuss
punctata, D’Orb.
plicata, D’Orb. ^

rg * *

i

|

ri

©

Is

0

©

—between tides.

-between tides.

rs c

© !

©

"® h

1 !

£ .:

c3 r.

w c

b

- L
I ©

e League, — 34 fms

0

a

2

©

*©

P3

Donegal,-

Ardara,—

zn

1

O

pi '

S f

§ ^

©

$

>

.©

m

ta

O

t

1

2

3

4

5

...

...

c

v c

c

Figl

...

...

v r

y r

...

...

...

...

...

y r

c

c

c

...

r

r

v r

r

r

v r

...

...

...

r

c

c

c

...

r

...

...

...

...

...

r

-

c

r

r

. Figt

\ ...

...

y r

y r

y r

...

y r

r

c

r

c

c

c

y r

v r

r

...

v r

• • •••

c

r

c

r

r

Y I

r

y r

.. Fig:

2 ...
Y 1

v 1

. . .

Y 1

r

r

r

r

1 ...

V 1

r

Y 1

.J

r

r

c

r

r

6

7

8

y r

r

r

r

r

Y C

r

Y c

...

r

r

...

r

r

C

r

r

m4

r

r

y r

r

r

r

r

...

...

c

c

c

...

y r

...

r

r

r

Y c

v c

v r

v c

r

...

Y C

v c

c

c

Y C

r

c

Y C

...

Y C

V C

r

c

c

..

r

r

v r

c

v c

...

c

Y C

c

V C

: Y r

c

Y C

! 1 r

Killybegs Harbour,— 7 fms.

"Off Killybegs Harbour, —

17 fms.

Off Portstewart,— 15 fms.

1*5

Wright — Foraminifera of South Donegal.

T ABLE — Continued.

Ti

—

©

d

03

03

a

03

a

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

hH

hH

h-H

k

o

+3

'pH

©

rs

+3

PI

©

©

£

-+3

03

©

d

©

©

pS

Pi

©

©

£

©

rO

1

ve League
-24 fms.

tH

CO

l

©

d

t-

1

p

d

o

rO

l

d

o

e8

M

t, — 15 fms.

o

©

©

d

©

©

©

rQ

l

bD

©

d

43

©

rO

l

d

pd

Sf

PQ

m

o

u

M

o

tween Slie
Malinbeg,-

©

P

©

.©

5q

e3

w

03

bfi

©

rO

Killybegs
17 fms.

S

£

©

43

03

43

U

O

P

P3

o

P

?4

<1

2

s

©

PQ

o

0

O

O

—

—

Cassidulina, If Orb.

t

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

laevigata, If Orb.

v r

c

r

r

c

c

crassa, JD ’ Orb.

v r

v r

c

r

r

c

r

oblonga, I)’ Orb.

r

r

r

Bradyi, Norman M.S., broken.

v 0*

v r

Lagena, Walker and Jacob.

sulcata, W. Sf J.

r

r

c

r

r

costata, Will.

' Williamsoni, Alcock ...
Lyellii, Seguenza

...

c

r

c

c

c

v c
c

c

c

y r
c

r

c

c

c

V c

laevis, Montagu

c

c

c

r

c

c

gracillima, Seguenza

c

c

c

globosa, Montagu

v r

r

r

r

y r

r

...

striata, If Orb.

v r

r

c

V c

r

striato-punctata, P. Sf J.

...

gracilis, Will.

0

r

semistriata, Will.
hispida, Reuss

...

r

c

r

c

c

c

c

r

aspera, Reuss

...

caudata, If Orb.
marginata, W. Sf J. ...

Fig4

r

...

r

r

r

i*

r

r

j*

r

var. Orbignyana, Seguenza...

Fig5

c 1

c

c

c

c

c

c

r

n

var. trigono-marginata, P. )

v

& J- ... .. j

...

v r

...

...

v r

r

lucida, Will. ...

var. (trigono-) oblonga, Se- )

...

c

c

c

r

c

c

c

c

guenza ... ... j

...

...

r

...

pulcbella, Brady

v r

y r

ornata, Will.

• ••

v r

••

lagenoides, Will.

r

r

squamosa, Montagu

c

c

c

c

Q

c

*

hexagona, Will. ... ...

Lingulina, If Orb.

...

r

c

r

r

r

c

r

c

carinata, If Orb., small
*tenera, Bornemann (fossil ?)...

...

:::

• ••

v r

v r

jg5 Wright — Foraminifera of South Donegal.

TABLE— Continued.

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

Nodosaria, LamJc.

scalaris, Batsch. •••
pyrula, D’Orb., and dentalme j
variety J

Vaginblina, D'Orb.

legumen, Linn., small
Margikulina, D’ Orb.

lituus, I)' Orb., small

Cristellaria, LamJc.
rotulata, Lamk.
crepidula, F. $f M.

Pol"v morphina, If Orb.
lactea, W. J-
gibba, D’Orb.
oblonga, Will.
compressa, D’Orb. • ••
concava, Will ...

myristiformis, W ill-, large .
communis, D’Orb.
Uvigerina, D'Orb.

angulosa, Will .

Orbulina, D’Orb.

universa, D'Orb.
Globigerina, D'Orb.
bulloides, D'Orb.
inflata, D’Orb. ...

Spirillina, Ehrenb.

vivipara, Ehrenb. ...

Patellina, Will.

corrugata, Will .
Discorbina, P. & J-
rosacea, D’Orb.

Parisiensis, D’Orb. ...
♦Wrigbtii, Brady
Globularis, D'Orb.
Bertheloti, D’Orb.

4=

pi

©

05

I

1

c3

PQ

m

o

u

%

pi

pi .

bD 03

$ a

©<*

► t

_ bo

m g

05 r-*
05

CQ

v r

v r

v r
v c

v r

c

v r
v r
r
c

v r
r

c

v c
v r I

r

v c

GQ

GQ

1

Jj

7 \

f

sf 1
2 u

5

3

\

43'

u

S3 i

H <

c 52

50 2

e3

£

©

m 4

bO J
©

£ t

Is

%

+=>

CO

43

O

Pm

3 *

ti

W C

D

O

6

7

8

c

c

v r

r

r

r

r r

r

...

, ...

r

...

. r

r

v r

v r

r

v r

...

r

i r

r

c

r

r

r

s r

c

r

.

v r

r ...

r

...

r c

r

r

r ...

...

...

c r

r

v c

r

v r

r

r

r

v r

... 0

c

v r

r c

r

c

. v :

r v r

• ..1

v r

v c c

c

c

... r

r

v r

Wright — Foraminifera of South Donegal ,

187

TABLE— Continued .

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

Planorbulina, D' Orb-
Mediterraneensis, D’Orb.
Truncatulina, D’Orb.
lobatula, Walker
refulgens, Montfort
Tinoporus, Montfort
Levis, P. Sf J.
lucidus, Brady
PULVINTJLINA, P. Sf J.
repanda, F.Sf small
auricula, F. Sf M.
Karsteni, Reuss, small
Rotalia, Lamk.

Beccarii, Linn.
nitida, Will.

Operculina, D’Orb.

ammonoides, Gron., large
Polystomella, Lamk.
crispa, Linn. ...
striato-punctata, F. Sf M.
Nonionina, D’Orb.
turgida, Will.
depressula, W. Sf J. ...
scapha, F. Sf M., small
umbilicatula, Montagu
stelligera, D’Orb.

Reference to plate VIII.

Donegal, — between tides.

Ardara, — between tides.

Muckros Bay, — between tides.

Between Slieve League and
Malinbeg.— 24 fms.

Off Slieve League, — 34 fms.

t

1

2

3

4

5

•••

...

...

c

c

r

•••

• ••

v c

v c

V c

v c

v c

...

...

...

...

c

v r

• • •

...

...

...

r

v r

...

...

v r

c

c

r

• ••

...

...

r

...

...

...

...

r

• c

r

...

...

...

...

...

c

v r

r

.. .

...

...

...

v r

c

r

r

...

...

...

v r

• . •

...

c

r

r

...

...

V c

v c

c

r

c

...

r

r

r

...

...

V c

v c

c

r

r

...

...

...

•••

I ...

•••

...

...

...

...

...

1 **•

...

...

v r

...

1 •••

...

c

v c

v c
r

r

v r

7

c

V c

V c
c

r

v c

v c
r

8

c

v c

r

c

r

c

v r

Killybegs Harbour, — 7 fms.

Off Killybegs Harbour, —

17 fms.

■

.

- 1

* :

■

( Proceedings Belfast Naturalists ’ Field Club.— Appendix, 1880-1881.)

SPONGE REMAINS FROM THE CARBONIFEROUS
LIMESTONE OF BEN BULBEN, CO. SLIGO.

BY JOSEPH WRIGHT, F.G.S.

(Read before the Belfast Naturalists' Field Club , on the 13 th April, 1881.J

aFTER referring briefly to the several groups of sponges, and their posi-
tion in the animal kingdom, Mr. Wright proceeded to say, that having
examined a portion of a pale yellow clay, which had been procured
near the summit of Bon Bulben Mountain by Mr. S. A Stewart, he found that
it contained an abundance of sponge-spicules, this being the only instance of
such remains having been found in Ireland in rocks of Carboniferous age. In
company of Mr. Stewart he had visited the spot for the purpose of ascertaining
the mode of occurrence of the sponge remains, and to procure a sufficient
quantity of the material for his investigations. Ben Bulben is a grand moun-
tain, 1,722 feet high, whose stupendous cliffs arrest the attention of the
traveller on the way from Bundoran to Sligo. The rock here may truly be
called mountain limestone, the entire range, of which Ben Bulben is the
most conspicuous, being composed of Carboniferous Limestone from the base
to the summit. Nowhere else in Ireland do the Carboniferous rocks attain so
great an elevation. Two days were spent on Ben Bulben, an ample supply of
the fossiliferous clay obtained, and also many rare fossils met with in the lime-
stone. Crinoids were especially abundant, notably the pretty little Pentre.
mites Derbiensis. The curiously branched coral, Cladochonus baccilaris, was
seen at one spot in great masses in the stone. The clay in question has been
under examination, and already has yielded eleven different forms of sponge-
spicules. Of these, four belong to the calcareous sponges, two to the Lithi-
stidae, and the remaining five to the group of the Hexactinellidae. Three of
these last-mentioned are extremely beautiful forms, being spirally ringed
spicules apparently referrible to one species of sponge, and new to science.
Mr. Wright further mentioned that some of the clay had been submitted to his
friend, Mr. James Cooke, of Cork, for chemical analysis, and was found to be

1 9o Carter— Fossil Sponge-Spicules from Ben Bulben.

almost purely silicious. Mr. Cooke regards it as disintegrated chert, the
disintegrating agent being animal life. The following is Mr. Cooke s analysis i .
su e , soluble and insoluble, 97 to 98 per cent. ; alumina, with -^ 0
iron i per cent. ; lime, less than 1 per cent. ; traces of magnesia and man
Zese 1-10 per cent. Mr. Cooke finds clear proof of organic matter stiU
Listin’- in the clay, and he considers that the sUica was probably bj

“olcanic outburst. In the « rotten limestone' » of Cunningham
Ayrshire, which seems to resemble our Ben Bulben ®p™g.6"9pl™ f tl

Abundant, and yery similar to those found in Sligo. In the Insh as^in the
Scotch beds, chert occurs associated with the clays in w i . t to

found. Thi is similar to what occurs in our Cretaceous recks, and points to
the fact of the silica which forms our flints and chert haying ben, m part at
least deriyed from silicious sponges which abounded in ancient seas, the sill
being ^deposited in layers, or concentrated round some sponge « otbe
organism, and so forming our nodular flints. The paper was lUuutated by a
fine series of diagrams representing the various forms o spicules obtained
the Sligo mountains, as well as the material in
Several examples of recent and fossil sponges were also exhibited

of the meeting.

Through the kind permission of Mr. H. J. Carter, F R.S., the following
paper, “ On fossil sponge-spicules from the Carboniferous strata of Ben Bulbe ,
has been reprinted from the Annals and Magazine of Natural Histo^ Sep .,
1880 ■ the figures which accompanied it have been reproduced by photo-lith-
ography, and are an exact reproduction of the originals.

(From the Annals and Magazine of Natokal Hisrour/or Sept, 1880.;

ON FOSSIL SPONGE-SPICULES FROM THE CARBONI-
FEROUS STRATA OF BEN BULBEN, NEAR SLIGO.

BY H. J. CARTER, F.R.S., &c.

Plate VIII., (lower half) figs. 1-17.

JN the last contribution that Mr. James Thomson made to our pledge > of
fossil sponges which existed during the Carboniferous epo h m the
neighbourhood of Glasgow (‘Annals,’ 1879, vol. m., p. !«, P'- »
described and illustrated Holasterella conferta a genus of sponges, as the
name indicates, exclusively composed of stelliform spicule , 3T

figure, from tho same locality, had been found and illustrated a yea. ^previous y.
M the same time I added (ibid. p. 145) some observations on specimens of

Carter — Fossil Sponge-Spicules from Ben Bulben. 1 9 1

limestone belonging to the Carboniferous series which Mr. Thomson had
gathered from the western side of Black Head, county Clare, at the southern
extremity of the entrance to Galway Bay, in which the siliceous element (often
present in great quantity) seemed to indicate that it had been derived from
some organisms more or less composed of silica, especially as in other parts,
where the limestone is pure, the remains of sponge -spicules in a calcified state
are abundantly recognizable, although in none of the specimens sent to me
could I find a definite form.

Here the matter rested, so far as I myself was concerned ; but Mr. Joseph
Wright, F.G.S., who resides at Belfast, having subsequently visited the
mountain near Sligo called “ Ben Bulben,” actually ascertained the presence
of several forms of sponge-spicules in the limestone of the Carboniferous system
there, and kindly forwarded specimens of them to me, together with fragments
of the strata in which they are found, for description and illustration. But
before I proceed to this, it is desirable that the following extracts from Mr.
Wright’s letter, dated Jan. 1, 1880, which accompanied them, should be given,
viz. : —

“Last summer my friend Mr. S. A. Stewart spent a few days botanizing
on Ben Bulben, and, whilst there, observed soft clay bands in the limestone,
of which he brought me three different ‘gatherings’ to examine for Fora-
minifera, viz. : — 1, containing no organisms ; 2, a few Foraminifera and spi-
cules ; and 3, rich in sponge-spicules.

“ The last material proved so interesting that we afterwards visited the
place in company and brought away a quantity of the clay. It is of a pale
yellowish colour, and occurs interstratified with bands of chert, especially at
the summit of the mountain, where it is very soft, owing, apparently, to
exposure to the weather ; on the other hand, lower down, the same yellow
material occurs, but much harder, although lighter, from its open pumice-like
structure. At both places we found a great number of fossils belonging to the
limestone of the Carboniferous system, viz

“ I sent some of the clay to a friend in Cork for analysis ; and he has
informed me that it contains 98 per cent, of silica.”

After this follow sketches of all the forms of fossil sponge-spicules that
Mr. Wright by dexterous manipulation was enabled to extricate from the clay —
to which, after carefully looking over all that he found, which were subse-
quently forwarded to me, I can add no more specifically, although I have been
able to find a few with slightly different forms, which have assisted me in the
following descriptions. Of course, as drift-spicules, which these must have
been when originally deposited, to say nothing of the subsequent effects of
fossilization, &c., they are nearly all fragmentary ; but sufficient of them
remains for easy recognition and for restoration, as will be seen by the illus-
trations.

First and foremost is a sexradiate stellate (PI. XIV. B. fig. 2), which in

192 Garter — Fossil Sponge- Spicules from Ben Bulben.

number of rays varies from 6, 12, 18 to 24 (figs. 4-7), according to the amount
of division of the extremities of six arms. The stellates vary m size from
l-75th to 5-24ths of an inch (fig. 1) in diameter ; and the smallest are not
only the most numerous and have the greatest number of rays, but, as the
latter often arise from a division of the arm close to the centre, they acquire
the appearance of globular little stars ; while, where the arms are a little more
extended, they often present the appearance of a “ Maltese cross.” But the
most striking feature of this spicule is that, from the smallest to. the largest,
each ray is spiriform ; that is, its surface presents a spiral inflation m which
the coils are more or less numerous, extending from the base to the apex of
the ray (figs. 2 and 3) ; where they are most numerous they, of course, are
more transverse, and then appear like separate annulations ; while the most
remarkable difference in them is confined to the rays of the largest stellates,
where, towards the base, the spiral line of inflation becomes broken up into
short portions (fig. 3 b), which look very much, from their alternate arrange-
ment in adjoining coils, as if this had been produced by another spiral groove
pursuing an opposite direction (that is, across the original inflation).

This fossil spicule is incomparably more numerous than the other spicular
forms accompanying it ; so that, together with its peculiarities being confined
to a stellate form, I am compelled to think that it must have belonged to a
species of Holasterella which, if found in situ hereafter (that is, forming the
entire sponge), will be like H. conferta ; hence I have much pleasure in naming
it Holasterella Wrightii, after its discoverer.

The next spicule in frequency appears to have been a hexactinellid, with
the sixth or external arm not produced as in the large surface-spicules of the
Sarcohexactinellida, in which four arms are extended over the surface laterally,
while the fifth, like the shaft of a nail, goes vertically inwards (fig. 8).. With
this, and also equally plentiful, are the free ends of “ anchoring -spicules
terminated by four much-recurved spines or flukes situated opposite each
other, and still attached to a small fragment of the shaft (fig. 9), longer and
larger portions of which may be observed in the “chert,” both longitudinally
and in transverse sections under fracture, indicating that with the anchoring
ends they are the fragmentary remains of what originally were anchoring- or
cord-spicules of a Hyalonema or Sarcohexactinellid sponge.

Tolerably numerous also are Lithistid spicules, especially one like a tripod,
in which the centre is convex and smooth, while the three legs, bending out-
wards and downwards, end respectively in expanded concave feet, which seem
to show that they were once applied to similar surfaces on adjoining spicules
(figs 10 and 11). This in all probability was a surface-spicule like those of
Corallistes aculeata (‘ Annals,’ 1880, vol. vi. pi. vii. fig. 45). Fragments of
other Lithistid spicules are also present, such as the dendritically branched
surface-spicule (fig. 12), and the shafted one of the fully developed or internal

structure (fig. 13).

Carter — Fossil Sponge- Spicules from Ben Bulben. 193

To these may be added a sausage-shaped spicule like that of some of the
Renierce of the present day, also tolerably plentiful (fig. 14) ; and other fusi-
form acerate ones (figs. 15 and 16), which being common to many kinds of
sponges, cannot in their isolated state, be identified with any in particular.

Two fragments represent the arms of a quadriradiate spicule (fig. 17) ; but
whether these were equal in length, or one was prolonged into a shaft, there
is no evidence to show : if the former, it probably belonged to one of the
Pachastrellina ; if the latter, to a zone-spicule of one of the Pachytragida.

The most interesting part of this discovery, however, is that the “clay ” of
Ben Bulben, in which Mr. Wright found these remains, is apparently identical
in every respect with that sent me by Mr. James Thomson, in which he found
Holasterella conferta , near Glasgow. In both instances isolated sponge-spicules
of different kinds are disseminated through it, which can be obtained by
edulc oration with water, and are composed of silica in an opaque or chalcedonic
state, rendered more or less irregular by the presence of rhomboidal excava-
tions on the surface.

Here I might observe that, not only are the sponge-spicules, and the minute
fossils of the Carboniferous Limestone which accompany them, silicified and
pitted on the surface with the same kind of rhomboidal excavations, but the
“chert’’ to which Mr. Wright has alluded appears to be a solid pseudomorph
of the limestone ; for its pumice-like worm-eaten character occurring here
and there, from partial absorption or decomposition of the material, presents a
skeletal rhomboidal structure ; while the same kind of rhomboidal excavations
characterize the surface of the weather-worn calcareous fossils in the pure
Devonian Limestone of this neighbourhood ; by which I am led to infer that,
in the first place, the sponge-spicules become partially or wholly calcified
among calcareous material, else why should they now present rhomboidal exca-
vations on their surface? that subsequently the siliceous element, being
liberated, replaced the calcareous material so as to form the “chert;” and,
thirdly, that the rhomboidal excavations on the surface of the spicules and the
partial absorption of the spicules themselves, leaving nothing but their moulds,
arises from the changes which the siliceous element itself is now undergoing—
that is, becoming decomposed and removed, or passing from an amorphous
state into clear quartz prisms. The latter, although but slightly the case,
comparatively, in the specimens from Ben Bulben, is characteristically so in
the specimens to which I have alluded from Black Head, Co. Clare, wherein
not only geodic cavities lined with quartz prisms, but perfect prisms themselves
are present, imbedded in the amorphous siliceous material composing the rock,
■while all satisfactory traces of sponge-spicule form in these parts is entirely
absent, so far as the specimens sent to me indicated.

Lastly, I am inclined to think that the “ clay” of Ben Bulben is the “ chert”
decomposed, and that the innumerable fragments of sponge-spicules which are
present in the latter (for in some parts the chert appears te be almost entirely

i94 Carter— Fossil Sponge-Spicules from Ben Bulben.

composed of them), rendered still more fragmentary by partial removal so as
to leave nothing but their moulds, as before stated, are those which at last
come out entire, so far as they go, in the washing of the “ clay.”

It is remarkable, too, that by far the most plentiful among Mr. Thomson s
collection of spicules from the clay near Glasgow is that of Holasterella conferta i,
as it is that of H. Wrightii at Ben Bulben; the “sausage-shaped” spicule
(•fig 14) is also analogous to that of the supposed Remend sponge ( Annals,
1879, vol. iii.pl. xxi. fig. 11), and about the same in frequency. In Mr
Thomson’s collection were also fragments of Lithistid spicules; and last
summer he sent me a section of an entire sponge in Carboniferous Limestone, all
calcified withweathered-ont spicules on the surface, but none of it sufficiently
defined for useful delineation. The collection also contained some zone-spicules
of the Pachytragida ; so that, altogether, the Spongida appear to have been as
plentiful and as varied in the Carboniferous age as at any other time.

It would be worth while, when the opportunity offers, for some one to look
over the weathered surface of the strata in the mountain of Ben Bulben, where
fragments, if not entire specimens, of sponges from which the spicules come
might be found, after the manner that they have been discovered in the Car-
boniferous system in the south-west of , Scotland.

11

u fjttl * JT ^

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII. (Upper Half.)

Fig. 1. Haplophragmium glomeratum , Brady, magnified 60 diam. Off Killy-
begs Harbour, 17 fms.

Fig. 2. Bulimina subteres , Brady, magnified 60 diam. Off Killybegs Harbour,
17 fms.

Fig. 3. Gaudryina Jiliformis, Berthelin, magnified 60 diam. Off Killybegs
Harbour, 17 fms.

Fig. 4. Lagena marginata , W. & J., magnified 60 diam. Off Killybegs
Harbour, 17 fms.

Fig. 5. Lagena marginata , yar. Orbignyana, Seguenza, magnified 60 diam.
Off Killybegs Harbour, 17 fms.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII. (Lower Half.)

Fig. 1. Holasterella Wrightii, spicule of, nat. size. The largest met with
(diagram).

Fig. 2. The same, restored, to show the perfect form 'with spiral inflation on
the arms. Magnified 7 diameters.

Fig. 3. The same. Furcate arm, much more magnified, to show — a, the simple
spiral inflation, and b, the same when “ broken up.” Scale l-48th
to l-1800th inch.

Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7. The same, to show the simple sexradiate and multifid
divisions of the arms respectively (diagrams).

Fig. 8. Sarcohexactinellid. Fragment of large surface-spicule of unknown
species.

Fig. 9. The same. Free end of anchoring-spicule.

Fig. 10. Lithistid. ? Tripod-like surface-spicule of unknown species.

Fig. 11. The same. Lateral view.

Fig. 12. The same. Dendritically branched surface-spicule of unknown
species.

Fig. 13. The same. Form of body-spicule of unknown species.

Fig. 14. Reniera ?. Sausage-shaped spicule of unknown species.

Fig. 15. Acerate spicule of unknown sponge.

Fig. 16. The same.

Fig. 17. Quadriradiate fragment of spicule of unknown sponge.

U.B. Figs. 3 and 8-17 inclusively are all drawn to the scale of l-48th

to l-1800th inch.

Proc. Belfast Nat. Reid Club. 1880 -8.1 (App.mdix) PL VIII.

WRIGHT- FORAMINIFERA OF SOUTH DONEGAL.

CARTER - CARBONIFEROUS SPONGE SPICULES OF BEN BULBEN.

'

A s it is intended to issue , from time to time , further
Lists of the Fauna , Flora , Fossils , <2/2*2? Anti-
quities of the North of Ireland , 'Members are
requested to preserve this Appendix for binding
with those already issued \ and to be issued in the
future.

The next part of the Proceedings will contain Draw-
ings., Illustrating Papers by Mr. William Gray ,
<2/2<2? Mr. Charles Elcock , abstracts of which
appear in this part.

■

■

'

'

APPENDIX VII.

SUPPLE HyriE! LTT

TO A

L I ST OF MOSSES

OF THE

NORTH-EAST OF IRELAND.

BY

SAMUEL ALEX. STEWART,

Fellow of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh.

PUBLISHED BY

THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB.

February , 1884.

•a

'

(Proceedings Belfast Naturalists' Field Club.— Appendix 1882- 1883 J

SUPPLEMENT

TO A LIST OF THE MOSSES OF THE NORTH-EAST
OF IRELAND.

BY SAMUEL ALEX. STEWART,

Fellow of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh.

fINE years have passed away since the list, to which this is a supple-
ment, was published in the Proceedings of the Belfast Naturalists’
Field Club. During that period the world has not failed to move
on, nor has botanical knowledge stood still. Stimulated mainly by the Royal
Irish Academy, a number of Irish naturalists have been scrutinising nar-
rowly the flora of their country. The results of these investigations have
been embodied in valuable reports published, or now being published, in the
Proceedings of the Academy. These papers, however, have related entirely
to the phanerogamic plants, with the exception of that by Dr. D. Moore, on
Irish Hepaticse. Meanwhile, with the rolling on of events, we have to de-
plore the loss of some who stood in the front rank of the small band of Irish
Botanists. Dr. David Moore and Isaac Carroll have been removed by death,
and the inexorable fate which so recently overtook our fellow-member, Mr.
T. H. Corry, has deprived our Society of one who felt the deepest interest in
the objects for which it was established. The wider field of Irish Botany,
too, is affected by the premature loss of one who was doing much to enlarge
our knowledge of the native flowering plants, and who hoped to take part in
the investigation of our Cryptogamic flora also.

But while the wheels of fate roll on, bearing away, as we have seen, some of
our “best and bravest,” they are bringing up to our ranks valuable acces-
sions, and new life. Ever since systematic botany assumed the rank of a
science, it has not lacked votaries in Ireland, gifted with acuteness of obser-

198 Stewart — Mosses oj North-East of Ireland (Supplement).

vation and enthusiastic love for the study. In the annals of Irish Botany, we
find Wade, Templeton, Turner, and others ably leading the van at the close
of last century. These were succeeded by such well-known naturalists as
Mackay, Taylor, and Hutchins, and these, again, by others who have survived
to our own times. So much for the past : indications are not wanting that,
in the coming time, there will be those who will carry our knowledge to a

still higher point. , . . .

As stated in the preface to the list of 1875, the district to which it referred
embraced the counties of Down and Antrim, with a small part of Derry It
is a matter of regret that, even yet, it is not possible to include the whole of
Derry. The fact is, that as far as bryology is concerned, the greater portion
of that county is up to the present a terra incognita. The Mourne Mountains,
and the southern portion of County Down, hare yielded some novelties to the
as yet incomplete, examination of the Rev. H. W. Lett, of Ardmore, and
Rev C Herbert Waddell, of Warrenpoint. These gentlemen have kindly-
furnished the names of the most interesting species collected by them. A
number of their plants remain, which have not yet been diagnosed but it will
be seen, on reference to the list which follows, that they have added materi-
ally to our Moss-flora, in a very brief period. It is to be hoped that e
quickness of observation, and scientific method Mr. Lett and Mr. Wa e
have already manifested will be employed to still further elucidate the
natural history of a very interesting region. The Museum of the Belfast
Natural Historv and Philosophical Society contains a collection of mosses by
Mr T Drummond, acquired by the Society in 1831. Some of these plants
have been collected in our locality, and a few of them, not previously pub-
lished, are now put on record. „„„

The number of Mosses included in the list of 1875 amounted to 238, and
the 35 now added bring the number up to 273. Such of the plants as seemed
at all doubtful have been submitted to G. A. Holt, Esq., of Manchester, who
kindly consented to revise them* Such revision is of the utmost importance ;
and the fact that a bryologist of such accuracy has seen the specimens adds
much to the value of the records. Rev. John Fergusson, of Forfarshire,
has also kindly assisted with advice on some critical plants. Several rare
plants have been contribued by J. H. Davies, Esq., of Glenmore ; one of these
being Orthotrichum Sprucei, a species not included in any previous list of
Irish Mosses.

Objections will, no doubt, be made to the arrangement here followed, and
perhaps also to the nomenclature. It has, however, seemed desirable not to
depart from the classification of the original list, to which this is supplemen-
tary. As respects the nomenclature I am not convinced of the value of small
genera, based on trivial characters.

*Eev. Mr Lett’s specimens have been confirmed by Mr. West, of Bradford.

Stewart — Mosses of North-East of Ireland (Supplement). 199

LIST OF SPECIES.

The asterisk denotes that the spocies was not previously recorded for the

district.

CRYPHiEA HETEROMALLA. Dill.

This species is frequent throughout the district, but never abundant.
Hookeria ltjcens. Dill.

Tollymore Park, and Rostrevor Mountain, County Down. — Rev. C. H.
Waddell.

Hypnum loreum. Dill.

Frequent in the Mourne Mountains. — Rev. C. H. Waddell. Rostrevor
Wood : Slieve Comedagh : Slieve Croob (Down) ; fruit abundant : Ballvgallv
Head (Antrim).— S. A. S.

H. brevirostre. Ehr.

Narrowwater Wood, near Newry, fruiting abundantly. — Rev. C. H.
Waddell. Fruiting sparingly at upper end of Holywood Glen, in January,

1876.— S. A. S.

H. 8CORPIOIDE8. Dill.

Rathlin Island (Antrim) ; barren.— S.A.S.

* H. sarmentosum. Wahl.

Yery rare. Spinkwee River Glen, above Tollymore Park. — Rev. H.
W. Lett.

H. eugyrium. Schp.

[This moss, so rare in Ireland, was found by Rev. Mr. Waddell on Angle-
sey Mountain, County Louth. It should be sought for on the Mourne Moun-
tains also.]

H. RE8UPINATUM. WHs.

Ballyholme ; Cregagh Glen (Down) ; Kilroot ; Ballygally Head ; Fair
head (Antrim). Frequent in fruit. 11-2. — S. A. S.

* H. C UPRE S 8IFORME . Dill. VAR LACUNOSUM. Wife.

Warrenpoint, County Down. — Rev. C. H. Waddell.

200 Stewart — Mosses of North’ East of Ireland (Supplement),

H. FILICINUM. Dill.

Rostrevor Mountain, and near Moira, County Down.-Rev. H. C. Waddell.

* H. Sendtneri. Schp.

Rare. Rathlin Island. — S. A. S.

* H. riparium. Linn.

Wet places— rare. Abundant in several places, by the Lagan Canal,
above Moira, County Down.— S. A. S.

H. UNDULATUM. Dill.

Tollymore and Slieve Bignian, Mourne Mountains (Down).— Rev. C. H.
Waddell. Rathlin Island (Antrim).— S. A. S.

H. MUR ALE. Hedw.

Walls near Belfast. — T. Drummond. In the water table, Falls Road,
near Andersonstown ; also, on a stone dyke, in old road, at back of Cave
Hill. — S. A. S.

H. TENELLUM. DicTtS.

Old Walls of Dundrum Castle (Down) ; Rathlin (Antrim).— S. A. S.

* H. FLAGELLARE. Dicks.

Rocky banks of mountain streams. Tollymore, Yellow Water, &c. ;
frequent. -Rev. C. H. Waddell. Slieve Donard, Slieve Comedagh, and fre-

quent in the Mourne range, but always barren. — S. A. S.

* H. speciosum. Brid ,

Rathlin Island.— S. A. S. Rare and barren.

* H. crassinervum.— Tayl.

Very rare. Cave Hill, near Belfast.— T. Drummond. Specimen in Belfast
Museum Collections ( Musci Scotica).

H. MYOSUROiDES. Linn.

Widely spread. Warrenpoint and Rostrevor. — Rev. C. H. Waddell.
Slieve Donard (Down) ; Ballygally Head, and Glenshesk (Antrim).— S. A. S.

H. ALBICANS. Dill.

In fruit on sandy warren— Donaghadee, February, 1876.— S. A. S.

H. LUTESCENS. Huds.

Roetrovor Mountain.— Rev. C. H. Waddell. Upper end of Holjwood
Glen, and railway bank, Newtownards.— S. A. S.

Stewart — Mosses of North-East of Ireland (Supplement). 201

* Heterocladium heteropterum. Bruch.

Very rare. Rocks by stream, Slieve Comedagh, and on rocks in the
stream at upper end of Glenmachan Glen (Down). — S. A. S. Barren.

* Leskea polycarpa. Ehr.

On bases of ash and alder trees — rare. By the Lagan Canal, above first
lock, and by the Six-mile River, above Templepatrick. — S. A. S.

Climacium dendroides. Linn.

Fruiting freely near Lisburn ; October, 1877. — Mr. J. H. Davies.

Pterogonium filiforme. Hedw.

Tollymore Park. — T. Drummond.

* Fissidens osmundioides. Hedw.

Wet mountain rocks — rare. On Slieve Croob — sparingly. In several
places between Tollymore Park and Donard Lodge. — S. A. S. Fruit, April
and May.

* F exilis. Hedw.

Ditch banks — very rare. Ditch banks near Belfast. — T. Drummond,
1831. In a lane leading from Ballygomartin Road to Black Mountain — S. A. S.
It occurs sparingly on the ditch bank at upper end of lane. In fruit, March,
1880.

Tetraplodon mnioideb. Hedw.

Crocknafeola Plantation, Mourne Mountains. — Rev. C. H. Waddell.
Bartramia ithyphylla. Brid.

Slieve Donard, and rocks above Bryansford (Down). — S. A. S. Rising to
1600 feet.

B. arouata. Licks.

One stem in fruit ; November, near Rostrevor. — Rev. 0, H. Waddell.

EnTOSTHODOn FA8CICULARE. Dicks.

Warrenpoint (Down). — Rev. C. H. Waddell.

* E. ericetorum. De Not.

Damp rocky places by streams in the mountains — rare. Slieve Donard,
at 1500 to 1800 feet.— S. A. S.

202 Stewart— Mosses of North-East of Ireland (Supplement).

E. Templetoni. Hook, and Tayl.

Mourne Mountains, at Rostrevor. — Rev. 0. H. Waddell. Slieve Donard
(Down) ; Rathlin Island (Antrim).— S. A. S.

FUNARIA HYGROMETRICA, VAR PATULA.

Magheralin (Down). — Rev. 0. H. Waddell.

Mnium undulatum. Hedw.

Fruiting abundantly in the wood at Narrowwater, County Down.— Rev.

C. H. Waddell.

M. rostratum. Schrad.

Tollymore Park. — Rev. C. H. Waddell. Castlereagh Hill (Down), and
Tardree (Antrim). — S. A. S.

* Bryum bimum. Schreb.

Rare (?) A specimen from Fair head (Antrim) seems to be this, but lacks
inflorescence. — S. A. S.

B. p allens. Swartz.

Mourne Mountains. — Rev. C. H. Waddell.

B. PSEUDOTRIQUETRUM. Hedw.

Mourne Mountains. — Rev. C. H. Waddell. Rathlin Island. S. A. S.

B. carneum. Linn.

Magheralin (Down). — Rev. C. H. Waddell.

* B. ELONGATUM. Dicks.

Very rare. Slate rocks between Slieve Donard and Tollymore (Down).
—Rev. H. W. Lett.

[Aulocomnion androgynum. Schw.

Very rare. In bogs near Ardmore (Lurgan), on weathered stumps of bog-
fir._Rov. H. W. Lett. The locality where this rare moss has been found,
though in County Armagh, is on the border of our district, and may be hoped
for in either Down or Antrim.]

[Oligotrichum hercynicum. Ehr.

Vory rare. Not found in our district, but collected by Rev. C. H. Waddell
from rocks by stream, Anglesey Mountain, County Louth. Probably also on
Mourne range.]

Stewart — Mosses of North-East of Ireland (Supplement). 203

* Diphyscium foliosum. Linn.

Very rare. Slievenamaddy Mountain. — Rev. H. W. Lett. This moss,
so rare in Ireland, has been found also on Anglesey Mountain, Louth, just
outside our district, by Rev. C. H. Waddell.

Zygodon rupestris. Schp.

Crevices of rocks on the shore at Portavo, and also, close by, on the old
wall of the Donaghadee road (Down). In some plenty on the south-west wall
of the Bridge on the Larne road, at Kilroot ; sparingly on rocks in Rathlin
Island (Antrim). — S. A. S.

* Z. viridissimu3. Dicks.

On trunks of trees ; widely diffused in the barren state ; rare in fruit.
Rostrevor (Down) ; Shaw’s Bridge, Cave Hill, Kilroot, Magheramorne (fruit)
Co. Antrim. — S. A. S.

* Orthotrichum calvescens. Wils.

Very rare. Two tufts of this moss were collected in the district— I
believo in Glenshesk, County Antrim — but as the label has been lost, this
species cannot be localised with entire certainty, — S. A. S.

0. LEIOCARPUM. Br. and Schp.

On trees, Tollymore (Down).— Rev. H. W. Lett. Base of the Sallagh
Braes (Antrim). — S. A. S.

* 0. Sprucei. Mont.

Very rare. On several trees and bushes by the Lagan Canal, imme-
diately above Drum Bridge (County Down). This moss is plentiful in this,
its only Irish station, where it was discovered by Mr. J. H. Davies, of Glen-
more, in 1878.

*0. rivulare. Turner.

* Rare. Sparingly on trees, at Drum Bridge (County Down), with the pre-
ceding species. Discovered by Mr. J. H. Davies in 1878. Since found in
abundance on rocks in Glenavy River (County Antrim), near the junction with
Lough Neagh. — S. A. S.

0. Sturmii. Hoppe.

On trees Tollymore Park, Co. Down.— Rev. H. W. Lett. Plentiful on
stones, in a boggy heath, on Knocklayd Mountain, Co. Antrim, with mature
and abundant fruit at latter end of April, 1882. — S. A. S.

204 Stewart— Mosses of North-East of Ireland (Supplement).

0. CTJPULATUM. Eoffm.

On stones in Crumlin River, and on the Gobbin Rocks, Co. Antrim.—

S. A. S.

RACOMITRIUM CANESCEN8. HedlV.

Drumcormac, at base of Slieve Gallion, Co. Derry, on the east side.—

S. A. S.

* R. obtusum. Sm. R. HETEROSTICHUM VAR. gracilescens. Bry. Eur.

Amongst Drummond’s mosses, in the Belfast Museum, is a specimen
marked by himself “ Racomitrium microcarpon of foreign authors— not of Bry.
Brit.” Subsequently it has been marked, by the hand of Dr. Taylor, “ Tn-
chostomum microcarpon var. oblongum,” and initialed “ T. T.” . I am in-
debted to Rev. John Fergusson for identifying this specimen with the T.
obtusum of Smith, afterwards R. obtusum of Lindberg. Drummond’s specimen
was collected more than fifty years ago, and the plant does not seem to have
been seen on the Mourne range since that time.

* R. protensum. A Braun.

Very rare. Mourne Mountains.- T. Drummond. Wet rocks in several
places between Slieve Donard and Tollymore Park, Co. Down, at 1200 to
1500 feet.— S. A. S.

R. ellipticttm. Turner.

Mountains above Newcastle, Co. Down; Benbradagh Mountain, above
Dungiven, Co. Derry.— S. A. S.

Grimmia LEUCOPH2EA. Grev.

On schist, Slievnabrock— Mourne Mountains.— Rev. H. W. Lett.

G. trichoph v ll a . Grev.

Plentiful on a glacial boulder, between the Giant’s Ring and the Lagan,
Co. Down.— S. A. S. Barren.

G. Schultzii. By id.

Plentiful on basaltic rocks— Ballygally Head, Co. Antrim.— S. A. S.

G. conferta. Br. and Schp. Var incana.

Brean Mountain, Glenshesk ; Bathlin Island, Antrim — S. A. S.

Encaeypta streptocarpa. Hedw.

On walls, Narrowwater and Tollymore (Down).-Bev. C. H Waddell
In great profusion on walls of Clady Bridge, near Dunadry, Co. Antrim.-
S. A. S. Always barren.

Stewart — Mosses of North-East of Ireland (Supplement). 205

* Tortula hibernica. Mitt.

Very rare. To this species Mr. Holt refers a moss from Rathlin Island,
It is, however, a poor, drawn out, and barren form.

T. latifolia. Br. and Schp.

At the bases of trees by the Lagan at Shaw’s Bridge, Drum Bridge, and
also on trees by the Six-mile River, above Templepatrick, Down and Antrim.
— S. A. S. Barren.

* T. PAPILL08A. Wits.

On trees, widely spread, but unfruitful, near Lisburn. — J. H. Davies.
Greyabbey and Knock, Oo. Down ; Ballygomartin, and between Dunadry and
Crumlin, County Antrim.— S. A. S. Barren.

T. lasvipila. Brid.

Common in Down, Antrim, and Derry ; occurring on trees, walls, and
rocks.

* T. FALLAX, Hedw ., VAR. BREVIFOLIA.

Rare(?) Wet rocks by stream in Cregagh Glen, near Belfast.

T. RIGIDULA. Dicks.

Limestone rocks and moist banks near Belfast. — T. Drummond.
Chalk rocks— Ballysillan, near Belfast; Rathlin (Antrim), Slieve Gallion
(Derry).— S. A. S.

T. INSULANA. Det Not.

Divis Mountain. — Rev. C. H. Waddell.

* T. ATRO VIRENS . Sm.

Very rare. A very small tuft was found on rocks by the shore, Rathlin
Island. — S. A. S.

T. aloides. Koch.

Walls, Narrowwater, County Down.— Rev. C. H. Waddell.

T. stellata. Schreb.

On clay, in crevices of slate rocks, Cregagh Glen, near Belfast.— S. A. S.
A few capsules only, 12/2/77, and again in January, 1880.

Trichostomum homomallum. Hedw.

On micaceous rocks on Brean Mountain, above Glenshesk, Co. Antrim. —

S. A. S.

206 Stewart— Mosses of North-East of Ireland (Supplement).

* T. FLEXICAULE. Schwg. VAR DEN SUM. Schp.

Very rare. On peat, Divis Mountain, near Belfast.— Rev. G. H. Waddell.

* T. LITTORALE, Mitt.

Very rare (?) On rocks by the shore, Rathlin Island, Co. Antrim.—

S. A. S.

* T. crispulum. Bruch. Var elatum. Schp.

Very rare. Sparingly on rocks in Rathlin Island.— S. A. S. (Var. not
found elsewhere in Ireland).

T. mutabile. Bruch.

Abundant on chalk rocks at Whitepark Bay, Ballintoy ; sparingly on
Fairhead, Antrim.— S. A. S. No fruit.

Pottia Heimii. Br. and Schp.

Rocks by the shore, south of Newcastle (Down) ; Rathlin (Antrim).— S. A. S.

* P. ASPERULA. Mitt.

Very rare. In an old sandpit by the Groomsport Road, close to the
Warren, Donaghadee (Down) ; ledges of basaltic rocks at Blackhead (Antrim) ;
sparingly in both places. Fruit in January and February.— S. A. S. Referred
to the above species with some hesitation. The three Pottias of Mitten are
perilously near to each other.

* Campylopus Sohwarzii. Schp.

Very rare. Tievedocharrah, between Rostrevor and Hilltown, Mourne
Mountains. — Rev. H. W. Lett.

C flexuosus. Brid.

Bencrom, Mourne Mountains.-Rev. H. W. Lett MountamT ^bove

Bloody Bridge, Down, and on Knocklayd, Antrim. S. A. S. n
June, July, and August.

* C. atrovirens. De Not.

Splashy, wet places on rocky moors ; rather rare. Kooky Mountain,
Mourne range.-Rev. W. H. Lett. Slieye Donard, Down, and Knocklayd,
Antrim. — S. A. S. Barren.

Dicranum Bonjeanii. Bo Not.

Rathlin Island. Sparingly.— S. A. S.

* D. Scottianum. Turner.

Mourne Mountains.— T. Drummond.

Stewart — Mosses of North-East of Ireland (Supplement). 207

* D. rufescens. Turner.

Rare. Crown Mountain, near Newry, Co. Down.— Rev. C. H. Waddell.
Sandbanks near Belfast.— T. Drummond. Mountain above Glenshesk, Co.
Antrim, on mica-schist.— S. A. S.

D. cerviculatum. Hedw.

Rathlin Island, Glenshesk, and frequent in turf bogs. — S. A. S.

D. squarrosum. Schrad.

Rostrevor, Co. Down. — Rev. C. H. Waddell.

D. crispum. Hedw.

Sandstone Rock, Derriaghy.— J. H. Davies. Plentiful on sandy bank
between the Botanic Gardens and the Stranmillis Road, Belfast; also, on
crumbling mica-schist above Glenshesk, Antrim. — S. A. S.

D. pellucidum. Linn.

Slieve Donard (Down), Slieve Gallion, and Carndaisy Glen, near Money-
more (Derry).— S. A. S.

Blindia acuta. Br. and Schp.

Wet places on mountains and by rocky streams ; abundant where it
occurs. Mourne Mountains. — Rev. C. H. Waddell. Abundant on mountains
above Newcastle, Down, and on Knocklayd, Antrim.— S. A. S.

* Anodus Donianub. Sm.

Very rare. On Greensand rocks, by the stream, at the top of a little
fall in Upper Collin Glen, near Belfast. In good fruit on 19th June, 1876.—
S. A. S. Not found elsewhere in Ireland.

* Rhabdoweissia denticulata. Brid.

Crevices of rocks, very rare. Rocks on ascent of Slieve Donard by the
Glen River, and between Donard and Tollymore (Down), also sparingly on
summit of Slemish (Antrim).— S. A. S.

R. fugax. Hedw.

Slievenabrock, between Tollymore and Donard, Co. Down.— Rev. H. W.

Lett.

Weisbia verticillata. Brid.

Limestone rocks, Rathlin Island. — S. A. S.

208 Stewart — Mosses of North-East of Ireland (Supplement).

W. CRI8PULA. Hedw.

Rocks and boulders, between Rostrevor and Hilltown, Co. Down.
Rev. H. W. Lett.

W. CIRRHATA. Hedw.

boulders, on the mountain above Rostrevor Church— October, 1876. S. A. S.

Phascum cuspidatum. Schreb.

Rathlin Island. — S. A. S.

Sphagnum papillosum. Lindb.

Wet rocks, not common (?) On rocks on the mountains, above Bloody
Bridge (Down), and sparingly on Rathlin (Antrim).— S. A. S.

S. subsecundum, Nees ; var contortum, Schultz.

Wet rocks ; rare. Plentiful on granite rocks in the mountains, above
Newcastle, Co. Down. — S. A. S.

Andrea petrgphila. Ehr.

Slieve Donard (Down), and on basalt, Cave Hill (Antrim), at 700 feet.

Mourne Mountains, near Hilltown.— Rev. H. W. Lett. West side of
Bencrom, Mourne Mountains.— Rev. C. H. Waddell. Some fine tufts on

— S. A. S.

11 FEB 1886

JJl VS. ir./S X

APPEimix viii.

I. NOTES ON IRISH COLEOPTERA,

BY A. L. HALIDAY, F.L.S.

EDITED BY S. A. STEWART, F.B.S., Edin.

II. THE CROMLECHS OF ANTRIM AND DOWN,

BY WILLIAM GRAY, M.R.I.A.

III. NOTES ON THE PRE-HISTORIC MONUMENTS,

AT CARROWMORE, NEAR SLIGO :

THE BATTLE-FIELD OF THE NORTHERN MOYTURA.

BY MR. CHARLES ELCOCK.

PUBLISHED BY

THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB.

January, 1885.

I • rjs

■

1

( Proceedings Belfast Naturalists' Field Club. — Appendix 1883-1884.^

NOTES ON IRISH COLEOPTERA,

By A. L. HALID AY, F.L.S.

Edited by S. A. STEWART, Fellow of Botanical Society of Edinburgh.

<^HE following list has been prepared from manuscript notes made by the
,, k*® A; L* Hallday» F.L.S. The MS. has been in the possession of

the Editor for many years, and as a record of work done by one, who, in his
day, ranked amongst the foremost of British entomologists, it has seemed a duty
to give it to the public.

Mr. Hahday was one of an illustrious band of naturalists whose love for
scientific research, and success in the pursuit, conferred distinction on the town
of Belfast during the earlier portion of the present century. It is matter for
regret that, with respect to the labours of these local pioneers of science, so
.I0 *as been upon record, and that their personal history is, in some cases,
imperfectly known to their successors. We do know, however, that they were
single-minded lovers of Nature, anxious only for a better knowledge of her
ways, and careless as to whether their names should, in all cases, be associated
with the discoveries they made.

. Many of the species in the following enumeration have been noted, as Irish
m Curtis’s Illustrations of British Entomology, but the greater part would
seem to have remained unpublished.

The nomenclature is that of the MS., without alteration, but in such cases as
where an insect appears under a different name in Stephens’ British Entomology,
the Editor has appended the latter as a synonym.

Mr. Haliday had three distinct marks, which, placed against the names of the
species m a classified list, constituted his method of recording the localities of his
captures The first mark signified “near Belfast” ; the second, “ elsewhere in
Ireland ; the third, “ English.” No further details are given. As we are
not concerned with the English distribution, the two first only are reproduced
tTSe .notes extend t0 Hymenoptera , and other groups, but being, as
regards these, incomplete, and lacking localities are consequently omitted.

212

Halidaij.— Notes on Irish Coleoptera.

SCABITIDiE.

N.B. signifies Near Belfast; E.I., Elsewhere in Ireland.

Clivina fossor
Dyschirius politus

gibbus1
. . minimus Curt.
Cychrus rostratus
Carabus catenulatus
. . nemoralis 111.

. . arvensis
. . cancellatus
. . glabratus
. . nitens
Pogonopborus (Leistus Freeh
. . brunneus2
. . spini labris
Helobia brevicollis
. . nivalis Deg.
Pelophila borealis3
Blethisa multipunctata
Elaphras cupreus
. . riparius
Notiophilus aquaticus

. . quadripunctatus
. . biguttatus
Bembidion paludosum
Tachypus striatus
. . andrese
. . bipunctatus
Thous celer

. . pygmseus
Lopha doris

. . pusillus ?

. . assimilis
Peryphus littoralis
. . femoratus
. . viridi-ameus
. . fuscipes
. . atrocseruleus
Notaphus bifasciatus
Tachys obtusus .

. . immunis
, . pusillus
Lega aenea4

. . fuscifres
Ocys currens

fulvi bar

N.B. E.I

l The statement in Cnrt. Brit. Ent. that D. gibbus “r' HaMay’ “

Bf&de°Sr was meant b

Payk. was Ogured by Curt's from a specimen in Mr. HaUday’s Cabinet, take
on the sandy shore of Lough Ncagli by Mr. ltobert Templeton, on 14th June, 1823.

4 Philocthua, Stephens’ Brit. Ent.

Haliday — Notes on Irish Coleoptera.

213

SCAEITID^E. — Continued.

N.B.

E.I.

Blemus paludosus

Trechus suturalis

. . fulvus

. . ruficollis

. . minutus, F. aquaticus Marsh. . .
Ophonus puncticollis

&

*

. . puhescens

*

Harpalus ruficornis

. . rubripes

. . rufimanus

. . seneus

. . dentatus

Badister lacertosus

. . humeralis

Loricera pilicomis

$je.

Anchomenus albipes

. . prasinus

. . oblongus

*

Agonum picipes

%

. . pullum ?

. . Simpsoni

*

. . maestum ?

. . viduum

*

. . parumpunctatum . .

*

. . rotundatum

%

Synuchus nivalis

%

Calathus piceus

. . frigidus1

*

. . melanocephalus

. . nubigena. M.

*

Amara acuminata

. . vulgaris

*

. . eurynota

*

. . communis

*

. . familiaris

*

. . crassa

*

. . tibialis, wiki

*

Bradytus apricarius

Cyrtonotus piceus

*

Cbloenius nigricornis

*

Pristonychus subcyaneus

*

Stomis pumicatus

*

Patrobus rufipes

*

Steropus madidus

Poecilus versicolor

*

. . rutilans

*

. . cupreus

*

. . rufifemoratus

Omaseus melanarius

*

1 Cistelloides , Ml., fuscipes G-mel., flavipes, and obscurus Marsh. Ed.

214

Holiday — Notes on Irish Coleoptera.

SCARITIDJE. — Continued.^

. , nigrita
. , rufifemoratus
. . tetricus1
. . Bulweri
Argutor vernalis

. . erythropus
. . anthracinus2
Platysme nigra
Abax striola

Dromia melanocepbala « .

. . meriodionalis
4maculata
. . linearis
. . punctatula
Lamprias cblorocepbas

gyrinid^.

Gyrina seneus • •

. . natator

. . minutus • • 1

dyticidje.

Dyticus marginalis
. . pnnctulatus
Acilius sulcatus
Colymbetes fuliginosus
. . agilis
. . bipunctatus
. . obscurus
. . Sturmii
. . paludosus
. . bipustulatus
. . cbalonotus
. . striatus
Laccopbilus minutus
Noterus sparsus

. . crassicornis
Hygrotus confluens
. . reticulatus
. . inequalis
Ilydroporus scitulus3
. . minimus
. . pictus
. . lineatus

1 This beetle was flrs. discovered and named by Mr. Hallday : it was described by him
from specimens taken near Belfast.

•» p'-4 * c”tls a°d steph6”B undet

Jly groins.

Haliday — Notes on Irish Coleoptera.

215

DYTICIDiE. — Continved.

N.B.

E.I.

. . erythrocephalus

*

. , triguttatus

*

. . planus

*

. . nigrita

*

. . melanocephalus

*

. . geminus

*

. . rufifrons

. . fluviatilis . . . .

Haliplous ferrugineus

*

. . impressus

*

. . ruficollis

%

. . affinis

*

PARNIDiE.

Parnns sericeus

#

. . auriculatus

*

HELOPHORIDiE.

Octhebius bibemicus1

%

. . impressus

*

. . maritimus

Helopborus aquaticus

. . granularis

*

. . griseus

. . nubilus

. . dorsalis

*

HYDROPHILIDiE.

Limnebius mollis

. . truncatellus

*

. . ater

*

. . . picinus

%

Hydrobius fuscipes

*

. . orbicularis

%

. . ocbropterus . . . .

*

. . melanocephalus

*

. . lividus2

. . bipustulatus

*

. . minutus

. . globulus

*

. . picipes

*

1 The specimen figured for this species in Curt. Brit. Ent. was taken by Mr. Haliday on
rushes on the shore of Belfast Bay.

2 H. griseus Herb. ?, Marsh?, Oliv., Curt. Brit. Ent.

216

Haliday— Notes on Irish Coleoptera.

SPHJERIDIADiE.

Spheridion scarabasoides
... marginatum
... bipustulatum
... lunatum
Cercyon littorale
... atomarium
... bemorrhoidale
... melanocepbalum ...

... pygmaeum

... terminatum

... centrimaculatum ...

... quisquilium

N.B.

E.I.

ANIS0T0M1D-3E.

Anisotoma ferrugineum1
... cinnamomeum
... dentipes
Clambus armadillus

SCAPHIDIAMb

Cypba

Sericorderus tboracicus
Clypeaster cassidiodes
Catops rufescens
... sericeus
... agilis2
... fomicatus
Melegetbes rufipes
... aenea
Nitidula yaria
... colon
... sordida
... discoidea
... bipustulata
... obsoleta
... silacea
Catheretes caricis
... rufilabrum
... urticae

SILPHIM.

Pbospbuga subrotundata
Silpba opaca
Oiceoptoma rugosa
... sinuata
Necropboras bumater
... vespillo
... vestigater
Tbroscus dermestoides

l This, and the following species were placed by Curtis, and also by
Leiodes.

a Cholera agilis , Stephens’ Brit. Ent.

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Stephens under

Haliday — Notes on Irish Coleoptera.

217

ENGIDJE, Etc.

Ips quadripustulatus1

N.B.

*

E.I.

Antberophagus silaceus

*

Mycetia fumata

*

Biturus tomentosus

*

Cryptopbagus lycoperdi

*

... fumatus

*

... ulicis

*

... cellaris

*

Atomaria ater

*

... fuscipes

*

... pbeogaster

*

... caricis

*

... globulus

*

... birta2

*

... trichopteryx

*

Corticaria ferruginea

*

Latridius rugicollis

*

... impressus

*

... transyersus

*

... ruficollis

*

Micropeplis porcata

*

... tesserula3

*

... stapbylinoides

*

Byrrbus varius

*

... pilula

*

Semplocaria semistriata

*

Hister carbonarius

*

... cadaverinus

*

... unicolor

*

... purpurascens

*

... 12 striatus

*

... seneus

*

... nitidulus

*

Monotoma juglandis4

*

Onthophilus striatus

*

Abreus globusus . .

*

Stapbylrnus pnbescens

*

nebulosus

*

minimus

*

.. castanopterus

*

.. brunnipes

*

,, erythropterus

*

,, seneocepbalus

*

1 The mark placed by Mr. Haliday opposite this name has been blotted, and there is some
doubt as to what was intended.

2 Atomaria hirta , Curt. Brit. Ent.

3 Discovered and named by Mr. Haliday. The specimen figured by Curtis was taken
out of a pond in the County of Down, near Belfast, in Feb., 1827.

4 Synchyta Juglandis , Stephens’ Brit. Ent.

218

Holiday — Notes on Irish Coleoptera.

ENGIDJE, Etc .—Continued

Philonthus splendens
laminatus
aeneus
,, decorus
politus

,, marginatus
,, aterrimus
,, bipustulatus
sanguineolatus
,, opacus
, , punctus
.. yarius
, . fimetarius
Cafias xantholoma
Bionius cepbalotes ?

Gabrius nanus
Creophilus maxillosus
Othius F fulminans
Gyrohypnus cruentatus
. . longiceps
, , linearis
, , punctulatus
. . ochraceus
Latbrobium fulyipenne
, , elongatum
. . brunnipes
. . quadratum
Sunius melanocepbalus
Stenus bipunctatus
, , oculatus
. . flayicomis1
. . pubescens
. . boops
. . fuscipes
. . circularis

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Tacbyporus pusillus
. . pubescens
. . bypnorum
. . abdominalis
. . bipustulatus
. . marginellus
Tacbinus silpboides
. . subterraneus

*

*

*

*

. . pullus
. . rufipes
. . marginellus
Hesperophilus hsemopterus ...

. . coelatus
Oxytelus rugosus

1 Query fulvicorni*.

Haliday — Notes on Irish Coleoptera.

219

ENGIDiE, Etc.—
. . carinatus ...

• Continued.

# o «•

N.B.

*

B.I.

. . piceus

...

• a

*

. . laqueatus

• a

..

*

. . depressus

*

. . sculpturatus

...

*

. . morsitans1

*

Elonium rugosum

...

*

Bolitobius lumilatus

*

. . atricapillus

*

. . cernuus

...

...

...

*

analis

*

. . merdarius

...

*

Callicera vernalis2

*

Megarthrus depressus

...

...

*

. . flavus

...

*

Aleocbara fuscipes

...

*

Proteinius brachypterus

*

Antholobium melanocepbalum

*

.. tectum

*

.. grossum3

...

...

*

Omalium deplanatum

*

,e rivulare

*

Lesteva caraboides

*

.. punctulata

*

.. obscura

...

...

*

Drusilla canaliculata4

*

Pselapbus Herbsteri

...

*

Falagria sulcata

*

Tycbus niger

*

Autalia rivularis

...

*

.. impressa

*

Bryaxis j uncorum

...

*

. . sanguinea

...

*

Encepbalus complicans

...

...

*

Anthicus floralis

...

*

Anaspis lateralis

...

..

*

. . ruficollis

...

*

,, obscura5

...

*

Salpingus planirostris

*

Meloe violacea

...

...

...

*

1 Platystephus morsitans , Step, Brit. Ent.

2 Callicerus S pencil. “Taken at Holywood in the shelter of furze bushes; in the first
burst of spring I have found it abundant on the fresh grass of sunny banks.”

A. L. Haliday, Ourt. Brit. Ent.

“ 0. hybridus Hal. MS A single specimen taken at Holywood with the preceding species
by Mr. Haliday,” Curt. Brit. Ent.

3 A.piceum , Step. Brit. Ent.

4 Astilbus cannliculalus, Step. Brit. Ent.

5 A. melanopa, Step. Brit. Ent.

220

Holiday— Notes on Irish Coleoptera.

ENGIDjE, Etc.-

■Continued.

N.B.

E.I.

Trogosita mauritanica

...

...

...

*

Atopa cervina

...

...

• ••

*

Cryphon melanurus

...

...

*

.. marginatus

...

...

*

.. griseus

...

...

• ••

*

Maltbinus flaveola

...

...

*

biguttatus

...

...

•*

*

, , brevicollis

V

*

.. minimus

*

Thelephorus fulyicollis

*

. . testaceus

• •

*

pallidus

*

.. bicolor

...

...

*

, . melanurus

*

.. setbiops

...

...

*

Elater nigroaeneus

...

*

... testaceus1

*

. , niger

*

,. riparius2

*

.. 4 pustulatus

••

*

Ctenioceras cupreous

*

Hemirbipus marginatus3 ...

...

*

,, limbatus

...

...

*

.. segetis

...

*

... obscurus

*

Corynetes quadra

...

...

*

Anobium rufipes4

...

.. striatum

*

Ptinus fur

*

.. crenatus

*

. . testaceus

...

...

*

Cis boleti

...

*

.. nitidus

*

Hylurgus ater
.. ulicis

...

*

*

. . piniperda

*

Rbizobius litura

...

Cacidula pectoralis

...

*

Coccinella 7 punctata6

*

,. 14 guttata

,, variabilis

...

• ^

, . conglobata

. *

. . 11 notata

...

• *

,. 13 punctata

. *

,, 22 punctata

...

• *

1 Aplotarsus testaceus, Step. Brit. Ent. .

2 This, and the succeeding species stand under Hypnoidus in Stephens’ Brit, n .

3 Cataphagus, Stephens’ Brit. Ent.

4 Death-watch.

5 Lady-hug.

Holiday — Notes on Irish Coleoptera.

221

ENGID^, Etc.-

■ Continued.

N.B.

E.I.

• •

18 guttata

• ••

...

...

...

*

11 punctata

...

...

*

. .

14 punctata

...

*

Scymnus discoideus

..

*

Cassida viridis

...

...

, ,

rubiginosa

...

Helodes phellandrii

*

Timarcha coriaria

...

...

Chrysomela margenella1

*

• •

cochleanac

...

-Jjf

, ,

betulae

...

...

■iff

# #

vitellina

...

%-

polygoni

...

• 0

rapbani

...

...

*

. ,

polita

. .

stapbyloea

...

*

• •

Banksii

*

Galeruca tanaceti

*

. ,

capreae

...

...

...

*

Haltica testacea2

...

$

# #

tabida

...

...

• •

lutescens

...

...

parvula

...

...

...

*

lurida

...

...

...

*

...

caerulea

...

*

• •

nemorum3

...

M

4 pustulata

...

...

*

9 ,

erucae

mmm

...

...

*

• 0

oleracea

*

• 0

atricilla

.00

...

...

• 0

fuscipes

...

*

% 9

lepidii

...

...

*

t #

orbiculata

*

• •

dentipes

...

...

...

*

|#

belxinus

...

*

• •

aurata

...

*

• 0

rufipes

. .

*

# §

transversa

...

*

• 0

exoleta

9 ,

nigricollis

*

, #

sordida

...

...

• 0

byosciami

...

...

...

*

0 0

affinis

...

...

...

Lema puncticollis4

...

...

...

*

cyanella

...

*

Leptura laevis

...

*

1 Includes Phsedon of Stephens’ Brit Ent.

2 Under Haltica we have here insects of the genera Haltica, Thyamis, Macronema, and
Sphxroderma of Stephens’ Brit. Entomology.

3 This minute beetle is the destructive “ Turnip Fly.”

4 Crioceras, Step. Brit. Ent,

222

Holiday — Notes on Irish Coleoptera.

ENGIDiE, Etc.-

■ Continued.

N.B.

E.L

. . f emorata

• ••

...

...

...

9ft

. . elongata

...

...

9ft

Cerambyx moscbatus1

...

9ft

Pogonocerus nebulosua

...

...

9ft

*

. . hispidus

...

...

...

...

*

Brucbus granarius

...

*

Apion nigritarse

9jt

. . pallipes

...

...

. . flavif emoratum2

...

...

...

'V'

3ft

, , vicise

...

...

3(t

. . hydiolapatbi

...

...

3ft

• • bsematodes

...

. . gibbirostre3

...

...

9|t

3ft

. . ervi

...

...

...

3ft

• , craccse

...

3ft

• , eeneus

...

...

...

...

3ft

. . yorax

..

...

3(t

Bbyncbites alliarise

...

...

••

*

. . nanus

...

...

*

Bampbus? pulicarius

. ..

...

3ft

Tacbyerges salicis4

...

...

3ft

Orcbestes fagi

...

...

3ft

. . f errugineus

...

3ft

. . scutellaris

...

...

...

Tycbius cinerascens

...

Hypera nigrirostris

...

...

3ft

. . polygoni .

...

...

...

3ft

. • plantaginis

...

...

3ft

• • rumicis

...

...

3ft

. . punctata

...

...

9ft

, • miles

...

. .

.sk.

. . pollux

.../

vF

9ft

Notaris acridulus

...

3ft

Leisoma punctata

...

3ft

Hylobius abietis

...

...

9ft

Barynotus mercurialis

...

...

• •

3ft

Alophus ran

...

...

3ft

Bagous Latbburii

...

...

3ft

Mecinus semicylindricus

...

...

3ft

Dorytomus tortrix

...

...

...

3ft

. . pectoralis

...

3ft

. . maculatus5

...

...

3ft

Antbonomus pomarium

...

...

#

. . fasciatus

...

...

*

. . ulmi

...

...

...

Balaninus salicivorus

...

...

...

$

Cionus scropbulariae

...

...

*

Orobitis globosus

. ,

...

...

*

Sphaerula lytbri

...

...

...

...

*

1 Aromia moschata , Curt. Brit. Ent. 2 A. apricans , Step. Brit. Ent. 3 A. carduorum ,
Curt., and also Step. Brit. Ent, 4 Orchestes salicis. Curt. Brit. Ent. 5 D, fumosus, Step.
Brit. Ent,

Haliday — Notes on Irish Coleoptera.

223

ENGIDiE, Etc. — Continued.

Grypbidius equiseti
Rbinonchus pericarpius
. . castor
. . 4 tuberculatus

Nedyus boraginis
. . pollmarius
, , erysimi
. . contractus
, . assimilis
. . troglodytes
Ceuthorrbynchus sulcicollis
, . didymus
Pacbyrbinus leucogaster
Phyllobius argentatus
. . parvulus
Polydrusus micans

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

. , oblongus1
Sitona hispidula
, , cannia

. . lineata
. . lineela
. . tibialis
Stropbosomus coryli
Liophlseus nubilus
Cossonus Tardii
Calandra granaria2
Serica brunnea
Anomala horticola3
Melolontba vulgaris4
Typbaeus vulgaris
Geotrupes vernalis
. . sylvaticus
. . stercorarius
Apbodius fossor
. . fimetarius
, , terrestris
. . subterraneus
. , granarius
. . prodromus
. . spbacelatus
, . contaminatus
. . nigripes
. . rufescens
, . merdarius
. . granum
. . turpis

1 Nemoicus oblongus , Step. Brit. Ent. 2 Corn Weevil. 3 Anisoplia horticola, Curt Brit. Ent.

4 Cockchafer,

I

■

.

-

(Proceedings Belfast Naturalists' Field Club. — Appendix 1883-1884.,/

THE CROMLECHS OF ANTRIM AND DOWN;

By WILLIAM GRAY, M.R.I.A.,

Ulster Provincial Secretary Royal Historical and Archaeological
Association of Ireland.

HE gradual decay, and, in too many instances, the
complete destruction of our ancient monuments, must
be deplored by every Irishman who truly loves his

country.

The plough, the spade, and the chisel have been employed in
removing many of our pre-historic remains, because in this
utilitarian age they have been considered impediments to
modern improvements.

Some have been destroyed by the injudicious zeal of professed
archaeologists, and some by the thoughtless frolic of holiday
excursionists.

The destruction that has already taken place and continues
unchecked, suggests the desirability, if not the^absolute necessity,
for some protective measures such as may be secured by Parlia-
mentary enactment.

With this view a Bill has been frequently introduced into
the House of Commons by Sir John Lubbock and others ; their
laudable efforts have not as yet resulted in legislation on the
subject. Let us hope that the enlightened spirit of the age will

226

Gray — Irish Cromlechs .

swell the number of Sir John Lubbock’s supporters, and that
the time is not far distant when we shall have our ancient
monuments under the protection of the Crown, and secure from
the decay to which they are now exposed.

Anticipating such an event, it is most desirable that we
should have some complete catalogue or schedule of the ancient
monuments of all kinds at present existing in Ireland.

Already certain lists have been prepared— in England, by a
Committee of Archaeologists, selected by the Society of Anti-
quarians ; in Scotland, by the Society of Antiquarians of
Scotland ; and in Ireland, by the Royal Irish Academy.

Notwithstanding the efficiency of these organisations, and the
ability of the several archaeologists employed, the schedules
prepared were very far from complete, especially for Ireland,
mainly because there was no systematic effort hitherto made
to catalogue the monuments existing in this country.

The appeal for contributions to this end, made in the 4th vol.
of the Ulster Journal of Archceology, met with no response.

Doubtless, descriptions of all the more important structures
may be found scattered throughout works of history and
archaeology, or in the transactions of learned societies ; but an
attempt to tabulate the records thus available would not be so
useful as a catalogue compiled from recent personal observation,
whereby the present number and condition of our ancient monu-
ments could be accurately set forth.

The following contribution has been prepared under a con-
viction that, with our available organisations and the number of
public officials now engaged throughout the country, a complete
catalogue of all our Irish ancient monuments could be readily
compiled, and the author hopes he may be able to render some
assistance in this direction, particularly for the North of Ireland.

In an undertaking of this kind it is necessary that the
several monuments should be grouped under separate headings,
according to their most distinctive characters. This systematic
classification of the monuments would facilitate the distribution
of the work to be done, and secure a more satisfactory result,

Gray — Irish Cromlechs .

227

IRISH CROMLECHS.

In the absence of any fixed code of terms, the author, like
many other writers on the subject, has to make his own selection,
and having undertaken to catalogue “ The Cromlechs of Antrim
and Down,” it will be necessary, in the first instance, to settle
what is to be understood by the term “ Cromlech.” This is all
the more necessary because of the conflict of opinion entertained
by archaeologists with reference to the proper application of the
term.

The opinion that prevails most commonly among the country
people is, that the monuments were built by the Druids as
altars. An exposition of this erroneous idea is given in the
Dublin Penny Journal , 31st May, 1834, page 381, where the
writer says : —

“ This species of rude altar is very common in many parts of
Ireland ; it is called both in the Irish and old British language
1 Crom liagh ’ and ‘ Crom-lecht/ which signify in both a crooked
stone, not from any crookedness, but from their inclining
posture. They are supposed to have been so formed, in order to
allow the blood of the victims slain upon them to run off freely.”

O’Curry, in his lectures* refers to these monuments as
“ vulgarly called Cromlechs,” and says 4‘ they never were in-
tended, and never were used as altars or places of sacrifice of
any kind, that they were not in any sense of the word
‘Druidical,’ and that they were in every instance simple
sepulchres or tombs, each marking the grave of one or several
personages.”

Professor Nilsson says— “ They are called in Scania, dos, in
Denmark, dyss, in England, cromlech , and in France, dolmen .” |

The Rev. H. Rowland, in his work on the Isle of Anglesea,!
says : —

“ These altars of stone (where stone served to raise them up)
were huge, broad, flattish stones, mounted up and laid flat upon

* O’Curry’s Lectures on Ancient Irish History. Page 597.
f S. Nilsson on the Stone Age. Page 159.
f Mona Antiqua Restaurata. Dublin, 1723. Page 47.

228 Gray— Irish Cromlechs .

other erect ones, and leaning, with a little declivity in some
places, on those pitched supporters, which posture, for some
now unaccountable reasons, they seem to have affected, and
were and are to this day vulgarly called by the name of
‘ Cromlech,’ either from their bending position, which is gene-
rally believed, or rather (that bending posture being not always
to be found in everyone of those monuments, nor, indeed,
applicable to the idea and notion of ‘ Crom’ in our language)
that these first men (I shall adventure to guess) carried the
name with them from Babel, as they did several other words,
and called it ‘ Caeraem-lech,’ from the Hebrew 1 Caerem-luach,
a devoted stone or altar.”

In Owen Connellan’s edition of the Four Masters* we have
the following note : —

“ The name Cromleac signifies the stone of Crom, and they
were so called from being used in the worship of Crom, one of
the deities of the Irish Druids, said to represent Fate ; or,
according to Lanigan and others, the god of fire, or the sun,
and sometimes called Crom Dubh, or Black Crom, and Crom
Cruach, signifying Crom of the Heap of Stones or Cairns, as
quoted by Lanigan from the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick ;
and the Idol of Crom Cruach, as stated in Lanigan and
O’Flaherty’s Ogygia, quoting from the Four Masters, and also
in the Book of Invasions, by the O’Clerys, was destroyed by
St. Patrick in the temple of the Druids, on Magh Sleacht, in
Brefney, now Fenagh, in Leitrim ; and the last Sunday of
summer is still called Domhnach Chrom Duibh, or the Sunday
of Black Crom, being sacred to St. Patrick as the anniversary
commemorating the destruction of the idol. This is the real
origin of the name Cromleac, and not from the stones being in
a sloping position, as absurdly stated by some writers, and
derived fron the opinions of the common people.”

Sir John Lubbock says “ Cromlech is derived from ‘ Crom,’
a circle, and ‘ lech,’ a stone, and Dolmen from 1 daulj a table, and
t maen ’ a stone and, with reference to the terms, adds — “They
* The Four Masters. By Owen Connellan. Page 271.

Gray— Irish Cromlechs . 229

should, therefore, certainly be used as in the text — that is, that
the word ‘Cromlech’ should include stone circles , and ‘Dolmen*
should be applied to stone chamber si*

The terms Cromlech and Dolmen may be almost etymological
equivalents, yet the adoption of the term “ Dolmen" would not
be sufficiently distinctive for our purpose, because the Conti-
nental archaeologists include several kinds of monuments under
that denomination. The term is not of Celtic origin, and it
does not harmonise with Irish words. Mr. Edward T. Stevens,
in “ Flint Chips, ”j describes chambered tumuli under the
name of Dolmens. It will be observed that the authors just
quoted employ both the terms, “Dolmen” and “ Cromlech,” in
a generic rather than in a specific sense, and describe a great
variety of monuments under the respective terms. See also
“ Essai sur les Dolmens,” by Baron de Bonstetten, of Geneva.
Dr. Lukis, who has done good service in exploring the ancient
monuments of the Channel Islands, would include all our crom-
lechs under the general term “chambered tumuli,” being of
opinion that all were at one time of their history covered.!

In the first volume of the “Royal Irish Academy Museum
Catalogue,” the author, Sir W. Wilde, referring to the chamber
found in Phoenix Park, says : — “ This discovery went far to
establish the belief that cromlechs were but uncovered tumuli,
which originally contained sepulchral remains.” Llewellyn
Jewett adopts the theory of Dr. Lukis, and says that researches
“ prove beyond doubt that the cromlechs are neither more nor
less than sepulchral chambers denuded of their mounds.Ӥ On
this point Mr. Ferguson, a well qualified authority, maintains a
contrary opinion, and in his work on Rude Stone Monuments,
says “ It seems impossible to believe that the bulk of those we
now see were ever hidden by an earthen covering.”||

* Pre-historic Times. By Sir John Lubbock. Page 104.
f Flint Chips. A Guide to Pre-historic Archaeology. Page 105.

+ ^ev> W. C. Lukis, Norwich. Vol. of Pre- Historic Congress. Capt. Oliver, R.A.,
“ Megalithic Structures of the Channel Islands.”

§ Grave Mounds and their Contents. Page 51.

II Rude Stone Monuments in all Countries. By James Ferguson, D.C.L., F.R.S.

London, 187a. Page 44.

230 Gray — Irish Cromlechs.

If modern research had demonstrated that all cromlechs were
originally only chambers of tumuli, it would still be advisable
to use a term expressive of their present condition. For this
purpose the author considers the term u Cromlech would be
the most appropriate.

The original condition of all cromlechs as chambers in tumuli
is now incapable of proof, either in Great Britain or the Conti-
nent ; it would, therefore, be very unwise to adopt a term that
would express and perpetuate what must be only a conjectural
idea of the original condition of these monuments.

This is a fatal objection to the position taken by Dr. Lukis, in
his controversy on the subject with Mr. Du Noyer, in which
the former suggests that the terms “Cromlech” and “Dolmen”
should be discarded, and the term “Chambered Tumulus”
substituted, employing this term in a generic sense.*

Mr. Du Noyer, in common with Sir Gardiner Wilkinson and
Colonel Meadows Taylor, t adopts the term “ Cromlech,” but
limits it very properly to a distinct form of monument, and
states his reasons in a most exhaustive and valuable communi-
cation, published in the journal of the Kilkenny Archaeological
Society.!

But the restrictions imposed by Mr. Du Noyer are embai-
rassing and confusing, because he would limit the term
“Cromlech” to such monumeuts as have been always sub-
csrial — a character that is incapable of proof in any case ; and
he further perplexes the matter by suggesting that the cromlechs
were not in themselves places of sepulchre— an opinion quite
untenable. See extract from O’Curry’s lectures quoted above.
Besides, the character of the remains and objects found in the
chambers of so many Cromlechs proves they were places of

sepulchre. ,

Objections have been urged against the use of the term
“ Cromlech,” because of its modern introduction, and because

* Journal of Kilkenny Archaeological Society. Vol. V., page 495.

f Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy. Vol. XXIV. Part 5. 1865.

+ Journal of Kilkenny Archaeological Society. Vol V. N.S. Page 474.

231

Gray — Irish Cromlechs.

such a term is not known generally among the Irish-speaking
people ; but such objections are not feasible, because it is only
modern systematic classification that requires special specific
terms, and such terms are not commonly employed by the
people. The popular terms applied to ancient monuments even
of the same class are nearly as varied as the localities in which
the monuments occur. It should be noted, however, that in
Ireland the prevailing idea involved in local names for crom-
lechs is that of a bed or final resting place.

If we refer to the ancient Irish manuscripts, we will find that
the sepulchral monuments referred to under the generic term
“Leacht,” include the group we call “ Cromlechs.’’

Dr. Sullivan, in his introduction to O’Curry’s lectures on the
manners and customs of the ancient Irish, says : —

“ The word leacht seems to have been a general term applied
to stone sepulchral monuments, consisting either of unfashioned
stones of every size piled up over a simple grave, or over an
Indeilb cloich ' or stone chamber, or of a number of large
upright flags, upon which was placed a great block of stone.”
The latter kind of leacht is the monument popularly known
as a “ Cromlech.” A simple flag marking a grave was called a
leac or liace (plural leaca). When a number of persons were
buried beside each other, their leaca were placed in a circle
around the grave. Similar circles of leaca or upright flags
were put around the leachts, formed of piles of stones. Pillar
stones, or cairti, were also used to mark graves, and sometimes
the name of the dead person was cut in Ogam upon them.
The word leacht occurs frequently in topographical names, as,
for instance, in Tamleacht) modernised in one case to Tallaght)
a place near Dublin, but unchanged in Tamlacht O' Crilly , in
the County of Londonderry. Tamleacht may be translated as
the leacht of plague, and, so far as I know, consisted of several
graves marked by a head and foot stone, or covered over by a
mur clocihe or stone mur) and, where there were a number of
them in the same place, surrounded by a circle of “ Leaca I*

* Manners and Customs of the Ancient Irish. Vol. I., page 331.

232- Gray — Irish Cromlechs.

Near Coagh, County Derry, or about five miles east of
Cookstown, there is a very fine cromlech, locally known as
“ The Tamlacht Stone”— i.e., the plague stone. Here we have
the ancient Irish name “ leacht" popularly applied to a genuine
cromlech. We may, therefore, reasonably accept the term
“Cromlech” as a qualification of the generic Irish term
“ Leacht”— and expressive of their usual leaning or bending
character, due probably in many cases to the fact that their
original constructers were not able to obtain suitable supporters
and in other cases, where such supports gave way with time.
The qualification “ crom” is, therefore, indicative of a bending

with age, and is very significant.

What we require is a specific term applicable to the particular
group of monuments we wish to describe, and expressive of
their present structural condition, without involving any theory
as to their original condition or object, and the term Crom

lech” meets these requirements fully.

The majority of our sepulchral monuments are more or less
chambered, but they are separable into groups, each being very
distinct in character. Our chambered tumuli are quite distinct
from our kistvaens, and both differ so widely from our crom-
lechs that they could not be grouped under one head.

We have a capital example of the chambered tumulus crown-
ing the hill of Carnanmore, East Torr, in the parish of Cul-
feightrin, County Antrim. This is the subject of our first
illustration, which shows a distinct chamber formed of blocks of
stones, roofed by large flags, and all closed or covered over by a
great heap of small stones. There is scarcely a feature common
to it and a Cromlech. See Sketch No. 1.

Farther south in the same county, on the high ground three
and a half miles from Carnlough, on the road to Ballymena, we
have the subject of our second illustration— Doonan Fort— an
example of a tumulus and kistvaen totally unlike what is
understood as a cromlech, and which could not be grouped
under that head. See Sketch No. 2.

Certain chambers of kistvaens may occasionally be found that

Gray — Irish Cromlechs .

233

very closely resemble cromlechs. As, for example, the kistvaen
at Roughfort, in the parish of Templepatrick, which occurs
about three and a half miles south of Doagh, and seven miles
north of Belfast, and consists of a series of chambers forming a
group forty feet long, the terminal chamber being very large,
and covered by a great block of stone.

There are about thirty-eight stones in the group, and the
block over the large chamber measures 6 ft. X sj ft. X 3 \ ft., or
equal to about eight tons.

If, in the course of time, this single chamber was left standing
alone, it would have all the characters of a cromlech, and might
be very fairly described under that head. See Sketch No. 3.

The author would define the term “ Cromlech” as an ancient
rude stone monument composed of one large block, supported
by two or more stones, usually set on end or edge, forming a
sub-aerial chamber.

Of such monuments the following include all those that
occur in the Counties of Antrim and Down, and each of them
has been personally examined by the author, and, as far as
possible, measured and sketched.

CROMLECHS IN COUNTY ANTRIM.

The neighbourhood of Ballintoy, on the north coast of
County Antrim, possesses many features of very great interest
to the Irish archaeologist, particularly the picturesque slopes of
Whitepark Bay, to the west of the parish church. The long
stretch of sand-dunes that skirt the base of the talus, below the
mural cliffs of chalk surrounding the bay, formed the camping
ground of early settlers. The evidence in proof of those ancient
settlements is furnished by the quantities of stone implements,
worked flints, chips and cores, charcoal and pottery, that have
been collected here from time to time, and which, from their
quantity and variety, indicate long periods of continuous
occupation.*

* Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeolgoical Society. 4th Ser., Vol. V.,
July, 1879. Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club Guide to Belfast, &c., 1873.

234

Gray — Irish Cromlechs.

On the slopes of the higher hills, to the south of the public
road above the bay, there are no less than three very fair
cromlechs, as follows : —

1. MOUNT DRUID CROMLECH.

Sketch No. 4.

This monument occupies a very commanding site on the
hill-side above the rectory, from which the headlands of the
Causeway cliffs can be seen. It is known as the ‘‘Druids’
Altar,” and consists of a large block about 6^ ft. long and 5jft.
wide, supported on three of the four smaller stones forming the
chamber.*

This monument comes within Sir John Lubbock’s category
of cromlechs, because it is enclosed by two circles of stones, one
inside the other. The diameter of the outer circle is about 35
feet, and the stones composing it are about two feet high.
Where stone circles occur in connexion with tumuli, they are
on the outside. So small a circle as we have here is an indica-
tion that, at all events, this cromlech is not a mere chamber of
an original tumulus, because a tumulus inside the circles could
not very well cover the cromlech. The enclosing stone circle
is an unusual feature in connexion with the cromlechs of the
North-east of Ireland, and it is to be hoped that where they
occur they may be preserved from further destruction. Sketch
No. 4, and all the sketches illustrating this paper, have been
taken on the spot by the author, who recommends that they
should be compared with the respective monuments themselves,
or with photographs of the monuments, rather than with such
illustrations as are given in the statistical surveys for the Dublin
Society, or in the “ Dublin Penny Journal.”

2. GLEGNAGH CROMLECH, BALLINTOY.

Sketch No. 5.

This small but very perfect cromlech is in the townland of
Glegnagh, near a quarry on the hill-side, south of the public
* Statistical Survey, County of Antrim, 1812 — Part II., page 582. “Dublin Penny
Journal.” Vol. III., page 351.

Gray — Irish Cromlechs.

235

road from Ball intoy to the Causeway, and about as far from the
road to the south as Whitepark Bay cliffs are to the north side.
The sketch is taken from the west side, looking towards the
parish church. The islands off the west coast of Scotland can
be seen from this monument. The author has found worked
flints, flint flakes, and numerous chips of flint very near the
cromlech. Stone celts have also been found in the immediate
neighbourhood.

3. CLOGHNABOGHIL CROMLECH, BALLINTOY.

Sketch No. 6.

This is the smallest cromlech in the North-east of Ireland.
Its local name, Cloghnaboghil, signifies the stone of the boy. It
is situated on the high ground in the townland of Lemnabeg,
within half a mile to the west of Glegnagh Cromlech (2), and
within sight from the public road. From the open and elevated
position of this cromlech there is a very extended prospect
seaward, including a considerable portion of the west coast and
islands of Scotland.

4. CLOGHANUNCHER CROMLECH, BALLYCASTLE.

Sketch No. 7.

This cromlech occurs on the heath-covered mountain, in the
townland of Ballyvennaght, on the north side of the road from

Ballycastle to Cushendun, and near what is known as 4 * * * * * * 11 The

Hungry House,” being the house highest on the mountain in

that direction. There are three bridges on the county road

near “ The Hungry House,” and the cromlech is about a quarter
of a mile from the centre bridge, in the direction of East Tor.
The chamber, measuring about 5 ft. X 3^ ft., is formed of four
upright stones, and is covered by a large stone 9 ft. long and

7ft. 6 in. wide, all the materials being of the Cambrian rocks of
the district. There is a very good standing stone, gallaun or
menhir, on a hillock near this cromlech, and it can be seen
from the county road.

236 Gray- — Irish Cromlechs .

5. BALLYVENAGHT CROMLECH, BALLYCASTLE.

Sketch No. 8.

This cromlech is about eighty yards north of No. 4. The
sketch is taken looking south-west, and shows No. 4 Cromlech
in the distance. The top stone measures 13ft. 4 in. by n ft.

6 in., and is about three feet thick. The supporting stones have
given way, and are crushed under the ponderous cap stone. The
site is a swampy moorland, at the head of the valley of the Cary
river. This and the last cromlech are almost overgrown with
peat.

6. CLOGHS CROMLECH, CUSHENDALL.

Sketch No. 9.

In the townland of Cloghs, to the west of Cushendall and
about one and a half miles from the village, there is a cromlech
with a chamber four feet long and three feet four inches wide,
formed of six blocks of stone. The cap stone is turned over
from its original position, otherwise the monument is in fair
condition. There were other stone monuments in the vicinity,
but they have been destroyed. A rude stone circle and avenue
occurs on the mountain slope one mile west from the road to
Cushendun. It is locally known as “ Ossian’s grave.” The
site commands an extensive prospect : from it the Scotch and
Irish headlands can be seen, and is well worthy of a visit.

7. TICLOY CROMLECH.

Sketch No. 10.

In the townland of Ticloy — i.e., The Stone House there are
two cromlechs in the same field, the most perfect being the
subject of our sketch. The second is shown in the background.
The name of the townland is derived from this monument,
which still retains the appearance of a stone house. It is well
situated on Ticloy hill, above Ticloy water, about five miles to
the west of Glenarm, and ten miles east by north of Ballymena.
The land is cultivated all round the site, but the farming
operations are carefully conducted, so as not to damage the
monument in any way.

237

Gray — Irish Cromlechs.

The gossip of the neighbourhood tells of a former occupier
of the farm who had a dream, in which he was informed that
there was some treasure buried beneath the cromlech. It is said
he dug for many days, and at last found a crock, and that
afterwards he became very wealthy, but refused to give any
particulars as to his supposed treasure. Doubtless he did find
a crock in the shape of a cinerary urn, and his disappointment
at not finding gold prompted his reticence. The ruined condi-
tion of the second cromlech is, no doubt, the result of treasure-
hunting, and to some extent corroborates the anecdote just
related.

8. BROADSTONE CROMLECH, CRAIGS.

Sketch No. ii.

On a heathy moor, in the townland of Craigs and parish of
Finvoy, there is a very remarkable cromlech, known as u The
Bedstone.” It is about six and a half miles from Ballymoney
in a southerly direction, or about one mile above the rectory of
Finvoy. In former times this place was resorted to on Sundays
and holidays for picnics, coursing, games, and pastime, and,
doubtless, the consequent frolic and thoughtless mirth provoked
on those occasions was the cause of the dilapidated condition of
this monument at present. Happily there are very few who
would wantonly or maliciously destroy our ancient monuments,
yet the spirit that animated the ancient Cuitech Fuait, or
funeral games, has expired long ago, and the object of their
commemoration has been forgotten ; therefore, the young folk
of modern times, who entertain no piofound veneration for
ancient usages, think lightly of the injury their playfulness may
occasion to ancient monuments, although they would not
wilfully do them harm. The cromlech, as it now stands, is a
restoration ; the cap-stone, measuring 8 ft. 6 in. by ioft., and
about 20 in. thick, was thrown down, but was re-erected on its
three supporters, as at present, by the people in the neighbour-
hood. Adjoining the cromlech proper there are the remains
of three or four circular chambers, and the group of stones

238

Gray — Irish Cromlechs.

composing the cromlech and chambers is again surrounded by
two concentric stone circles, the outer circle being about one
hundred feet in diameter, and the inner fifty feet. Very little
now remains to mark the outline of the circle. The sepulchral
character of this very important monument is proved by the
finding of cinerary urns in the round chambers.

9. FINVOY CROMLECH, CRAIGS.

Sketch No. 12.

Although Broadstone cromlech has been frequently described,
the subject of this sketch has been apparently overlooked ; yet
it is a very typical example, and occurs in a cultivated field close
to the public road, within half-a-mile west of the Broadstone,
and one mile east of the Presbyterian Church of Fmvoy. The
cap-stone is a flat slab, measuring 8 ft. long by 5 ft. 6 in. wide,
over eight upright stones, forming a well-marked oval chamber,
the major axis of which runs E.N.E. by W.S.W.

Formerly this monument was almost covered with earth,
the cap stone alone being exposed. The earth was removed
some years ago, and the monument now stands on the natural
surface of the ground. During the excavation the chamber
was explored, and a cinerary urn was discovered within.

10. CLOUGHOGAN CROMLECH, BALLYGILBERT.

Sketch No. 13.

On the eastern slope of Bally gilbert hill, above the old road
from Larne to Glenarm, there is a cromlech locally known as
Cloughogan. It forms part of a boundary hedge near a farm
cottage, and has done service for many years as a pigsty and
poultry-house. For this purpose the open space between the
uprights have been carefully filled in with small stones. The
thrifty housewife who made this change, claims the credit of
having built the house. Her worthy spouse, however, contends
that the Danes built Cloughogan before the memory of man,
and that she only built the byre. This cromlech is about eight
miles north of Larne, or three and a half miles south of Glenarm,

Gray — Irish Cromlechs . 239

on the slope of the hill to the west of the old road from Larne
to Glenarm. There are many other antiquarian remains in the
same locality, and worked flints are found scattered over the
surface of the fields.

11. DRUIDS’ COTTAGE CROMLECH, ISLANDMAGEE.

Sketch No. 14.

The subject of this sketch may be found at the road-side, on
the hill overlooking Larne Lough, from the northern extremity
of Islandmagee, opposite the point of the Curran, and about
one mile from the ferry. A cottage has been built adjoining
the cromlech, so that the latter stands within a few yards of the
front windows— a circumstance that has, doubtless, served to
preserve the monument up to the present. The cap-stone,
which is about six feet long, covers a chamber formed of blocks
of stone standing on end, and together form a very fair example
of our Irish cromlechs. The folk-lore of the locality refers to this
monument when it had a far more imposing appearance, being
in early times surrounded by other stones, possibly a complete
circle. The building of the cottage and other improvements
removed all trace of the circle, and the cromlech now stands
alone. Early in the present century a number of gold orna-
ments were found in the immediate vicinity of the cromlech,*
and worked flints may still be found on the surface of the
sloping ground towards the lough.

12. FAIR HEAD CROMLECH, BALLYCASTLE.

Away to the east of Ballycastle, above the collieries, on the
rocky plateau of Fair Head, there are the remains of a small
cromlech. Within living memory this monument was com-
plete, and the chamber was the favourite retreat of badgers.
Here the country sportsmen came with their dogs to hunt, and
the 11 sport” resulted in the overturning of the cap stone and
the comparative destruction of the monument.

* See Dublin Penny Journal. Vol, J., 1832. Page 209.

240

Qray— -Irish Cromlechs.

13. CLOGHS CROMLECH, CUSHENDALL.

Within about a quarter of a mile from No. 6, and farther
down the slope of the hill, there was once a very large
cromlech. Many of the stones that composed the chamber may
still be traced in the fences near the site ; but the great cap
stone and others were removed some years ago by an enter-
prising workman, who had them blown up by gunpowder to
supply material for building the adjoining house ; “ an by the
same token,” says our informant, “ no good iver come if him.

14. MOYARGET CROMLECH.

This monument stood near the southern, or rather eastern,
bank of the Invir, or Inver, Water, now a small stream sepa-
rating the parish of Ramoan from the parish of Ballintoy. Like
the last, very little of it now remains to indicate its former
importance. Twenty-five years ago the standing blocks were
known locally as the grey stones. There were originally
about six supporting stones about five feet long, the cap stone
being about eighteen feet long. The Rev. George Hill, a well-
known archaeologist, was one of a party who explored this
cromlech in 1840. “A large urn of burnt clay was found
about two feet below the surface, placed with the mouth down-
wards on a rude pavement, and contained a dark paste, evident y
ashes made damp.”

This monument may have originally marked the burial-place
of a great northern chieftain named Arghad, from whom the
two townlands of Upper and Lower Moyarget (Magh- Arghad)
may have had their names.

15. TICLOY CROMLECH, No. 2.

This cromlech occurs in the same field as No. 7, and has been
already sufficiently noticed. In sketch No. 10, the blocks of
stone that composed the monument are shown at the foot of
the tree in the background.

24!

Gray— Irish Cromlechs .

16. DRUMAGORGON CROMLECH.

Within about three miles from Antrim to the N.E., in the
townland of Drumagorgon, there are the remains of a cromlech,
locally known as “ the giant’s grave.” The cap stone, about
six feet long, has been overturned, and the monument otherwise
dismantled, but not beyond the possibility of restoration.
Tradition says that the adjoining hill to the east, known as
“ The Standard,” was the scene of a great contest between two
rival chiefs, and that one was killed and buried in this cromlech,
together with his weapons of war. An enquiring antiquarian,
early in this century, wishing to test the accuracy of this story,
dug below the cromlech, and discovered such remains as satisfied
him that a burial did take place here — a conclusion that was
come to at the expense of the cromlech.

CROMLECHS IN COUNTY DOWN.

1. GIANT’S RING CROMLECH, DRUMBO.

Sketch No. i. Plate XVI.

One of the most remarkable of the ancient monuments in
the County Down is the well-known Giant’s Ring at Drumbo,
about three and a half miles to the west of Belfast. It consists
of a circular rampart of earth, enclosing a space of about six
hundred feet in diameter, or an area of eight acres. The
earthwork is in a very fair state of preservation, owing to the
judicious care of the owner, who had the rampart surrounded
by a masonry wall, and otherwise well protected.

The height of the earthen rampart is sufficient to shut off a
view of the surrounding landscape. In section it has a good
broad base of about eighty feet, and slopes equally at both sides.
The top, at present, is somewhat flat, a form which is apparently
due more to weathering than to the original construction.

The cromlech stands almost in the centre of the enclosure ;
all the stones forming the chamber are in situ , but others are
more or less disturbed, and seem to indicate that there was

242 Gray— Irish Cromlechs.

originally an avenue leading to the chamber. In former times
“the ring” was used as a race course, for which it was
admirably suited, the rampart making a “ grand stand.” Under
the circumstances, it must be a matter of congratulation that
we have so much of the monument preserved. Excavations
have been made in the vicinity of the enclosure, and several
sepulchral remains have been found. A circular chamber was
exposed about seven feet in diameter, formed of blocks of stones
covered over with flags. Minor internal divisions of the main
chambers contained four cinerary urns and other evidence of
ancient burials. Within a short distance of this chamber several
other cists of sepulchral character were discovered, all indicating
the importance of the central monument in ancient times.*

2. KEMPE STONE CROMLECH, DUNDONALD.

Sketch No. 2.

The megalithic monument, locally known as the Kempe
Stone, is one of the most important in County Down. It occurs
on the high ground about a mile to the west of the village of
Dundonald, and not far from the main county road from Belfast
to Newtownards. The group of stones composing the monu-
ment occupy a space of 12 ft. by 8 ft., and stand ten feet high to
the east and six feet to the west. The chamber measures five
feet long, five feet wide at east end, and three feet wide at the
west. This chamber is formed of six blocks of stone ; the
eastern blocks are upright, and the side blocks are on edge,
eight, and seven feet long respectively ; the cap stone measuring
eight feet six inches long, seven feet wide, and on an average
three feet six inches thick. The block must weigh about
seventeen tons. The top of the cap stone has a quick fall or
slope to the west. This feature, so common to our cromlechs,
may in this case be due to original construction, as the stones
supporting it at the west are smaller than those at the east end,
and the cap itself is thinnest at the west end. The present
name of the townland is Greengraves. The locality was formerly
denominated Bally-clogh-togle (town of the raised or lifted
* Ulster Journal of Archaeology. Vol. III., page 357.

Gray — Irish Cromlechs . 243

stone). Local tradition states that a stranger warrior has been
buried there. Apart from the monument itself, there are
scattered all round the vicinity large blocks of stone. Many of
them are now built into, or form parts of the boundary hedge.
Their distribution and character indicate that they are the
remains of some dismantled megalithic monument of very
considerable importance.

3. MOUNT STEWART CROMLECH.

Sketch No. 3.

Within the demesne of Mount Stewart, in the parish of
Greyabbey, about five miles from the town of Newtownards,
there is a small cromlech-like monument, the remains of a very
remarkable cemetery that once existed here. It consisted
of a cairn of small stones about thirty feet in diameter and five
feet high, and constituted what might be denominated a
chambered tumulus* In 1786 the then owner of the estate
considered it desirable to drain the field, and the work was
undertaken, calculating upon the advantage of having so large
a supply of suitable material for filling up the drains. As the
workmen employed removed the stones from the cairn, or
tumulus, they exposed on the southern portion of the heap a
number of cists or stone chambers (between sixty and seventy),
formed of stones on edge, and covered by flags. In the north-
west corner of most of the chambers there was deposited a
cinerary urn, many of them being quite perfect and elaborately
decorated with the usual incised patterns, specimens of which
are to be seen in private collections, and in the Belfast Natural
History Museum. The central chamber was very much larger
than the surrounding cists, and constitutes the subject of our
sketch. At the side of the cromlech one of the smaller cists,
or sepulchral chambers, is preserved. A full description of the
exploration of this monument is given in a pamphlet, entitled
“ An Historical Essay on the Parish and Congregation of Grey-
abbey,” by Dr. S. M. Stephenson, published in Belfast in 1828.

* See Ulster Journal of Archaeology.

244 Gray— Irish Cromlechs .

4. LOUGHMONEY CROMLECH.

Sketch No. 4.

The parish of Saul, so closely identified with the life and
labours of St. Patrick, is rich in antiquarian remains, of which
the cromlech of Loughmoney is one of the most interesting.

It is in a good state of preservation, and stands in a field close
to the public road, a few miles east of Downpatrick. The cap
stone measures nine feet six inches by five feet three inches,
supported by only two stones on edge, each seven feet by three
feet, forming a chamber about two feet ten inches wide, and at
present open at both ends.

5. LOUGHANISLAND CROMLECH.

Sketch No. 5.

On the north shore of Loughanisland lake, four miles south
of Crossgar and four miles west by north of Downpatrick, near
the Buck’s Head Tavern, in the townland of Annadorn, there
is a cromlech having a well-defined chamber of four large blocks
of stone, with a cap stone measuring eight feet by seven feet.
The latter has been turned over a little from its normal position.
Some years ago a utilitarian wanting building materials set about
demolishing this cromlech by a powder blast. . A splinter of
rock fell on and damaged the roof of his dwelling-house— an
incident he took to be an omen of bad luck, and quietly gave
up the undertaking.

6. SLIDDERY-FORD CROMLECH.

Sketch No. 6.

Within a mile of Dundrutn, at Sliddery-Ford, on the New-
castle road, in the townland of Wateresk, there is a very perfect
cromlech. The cap stone, a granite block, measures seven feet
six inches by seven feet six inches, or nineteen feet six inches in
girth, covers a chamber formed of three blocks of stone, one
being six feet high. In Dubourdieu’s statistical survey of County
Down, page 271, he describes a circle of twelve standing stones
near this cromlech. At present there are but two in the

245

Gray — Irish Cromlechs.

locality, at the side of a lane, a little to the south of the cromlech,
one of the stones being eleven feet high. The field in which
the cromlech stands also contains a souterrain or underground
dwelling, and the view from the cromlech overlooks the sand-
dunes of Dundrum, which have yielded such a number of
worked flints, stone implements, pottery, and other evidences
of ancient settlements.*

7. CLOUGHMORE CROMLECH, GOWARD.

Sketch No. 7.

The cromlech known as Cloughmore, on the mountain side,
in the parish of Clonduff and townland of Goward, is one of
the largest and best in the county. It is accessible from Hill-
town or Rathfriland, being two miles from the former and five
from the latter. It consists of a massive cap stone of granite,
thirteen feet long, ten feet wide, and five feet thick, weighing
probably fifty tons, supported by a group of nine other stones
forming several chambers, the principal chamber being nine
feet long and three feet six inches wide. One of the front
uprights is very slender, and stands seven feet high, the complete
monument being fully fourteen feet high. Local authorities
state that formerly this cromlech was enclosed by a circle of
stone blocks or standing stones. They have been long since
removed, and there is no trace of them existing at present.
Excavations have been made below the cromlech, and cinerary
urns, with other evidence of sepulture, were found within the
main chamber. At present the site is protected by a planting
of fir trees, and the tenant of the adjoining cottage is the
honorary caretaker of the cromlech.

8. LEGANANNY CROMLECH, DRUMGOOLAND.

Sketch No. 8.

On the craggy southern slopes of Cratlieve mountain, in the
parish of Drumgooland and townland of Legananny, the subject
of this sketch stands on an exposed site, commanding an exten-

* Journal of Royal Historical and Archaeological Society of Ireland. Fourth Series,

Vol.V.

246 Gray — Irish Cromlechs .

sive prospect to the south and west. The cap stone is shaped like
a coffin, fixed north and south, eleven feet four inches long, four
feet nine inches wide at the shoulder, and three feet wide at
the foot or north end, in which direction it has a slope clearly
due to its original construction. It is supported on three
upright blocks— two at the south end measuring seven feet
and six feet two inches respectively, while the upright at the
north end is only four feet five inches high. This upright has
been fixed on a bank as if to increase its height, and as all stand
now on the bare surface, this northern prop is very unstable,
and should be secured. Some years ago an urn was found in
the open chamber below the cromlech. Mr. Ferguson, in his
work on rude stone monuments,* gives a figure of this cromlech
from a drawing by Sir Henry James, of the Ordnance Survey,
and refers to it in his argumeut combating Mr. Lukis’ idea that
all cromlechs were originally chambered tumuli.

9. KILKEEL CROMLECH.

Sketch No. 9.

Within a half mile of Kilkeel, in the south of Down, off the
road to Newcastle, there occurs a megalithic monument known
as the “ Crawtee Stone,” probably from the Irish word emit,
meaning hump, which expresses very clearly the shape of the
cap stone of granite, nine feet long and eight feet six inches
wide, that covers the chamber beneath, measuring about five
feet six inches square, and formed of four water-worn boulders
of granite, such as were, doubtless, common in this district in
pre-historic times. The sketch is taken looking towards the
Mourne Mountains. Some years ago, the promoters of some
local building speculation debated the advisability of destroying
the monument for the materials it would afford. After due
deliberation they fortunately abandoned the project, not moved
by the laudable desire to preserve our ancient monuments, but
they yielded to the dread of unlucky consequences. A similar
dread prevents timid folk passing this cromlech alone after dark.

* Rude Stone Monuments of all Countries, By J. Ferguson, D.C.L., F.R.S.

London, 1872. Page 45.

247

Gray— Irish Cromlechs.

10. CAUSEWAY WATER CROMLECH.

Sketch No. io.

The Causeway Water is a mountain stream that runs south-
west along the eastern boundary of the townland of Kilfeaghan,
and crosses the public road from Warrenpoint to Kilkeel, four
miles from the latter place. To the west of the river, on the
slope of Kurckshee, there is an excellent cromlech on a site that
overlooks Carlingford Lough. A block of rounded granite ten
feet long, eight feet wide, and five feet thick, weighing probably
30 tons, forms the cap stone over a chamber composed of several
granite blocks on end. The site has become a rubbish-heap for
ages, and all the loose field stones and other impediments to
farming operations have been collected around the cromlech so
far as to almost hinder the goats from taking shelter in the
chamber as they were wont to do. To the east of the cromlech,
and close to the bank of the river, there is another megalithic
structure, more like a kistvaen, and the site around has yielded
several examples of stone implements.

11. SLIEVENAGRIDDEL CROMLECH.

On the topmost peak of Slievnagriddel Mountain, within a
few miles to the east of Downpatrick, there are the prostrate
remains of a once standing cromlech. The blocks that com-
posed it are now resting on the bare rock. The cap stone
measures eight feet by six feet, and below it are two slabs that
formed the sides of the original chamber. It is said that this
cromlech was thrown down by the officials of the Ordnance
Survey.

12. SAMSON’S STONE CROMLECH.

Near Downpatrick, to the south of the town, there is a large
transported block known as Samson’s Stone. This may be the
remains of a cromlech such Mr. Du Noyer describes as “earth-
fast.’’* The Rev. J. O’Laverty, M.R.I.A., refers to this as a
“ ruined cromlech.” See his work on Down and Connor. Vol.
*•» page 252.

• Kilkenny Archaeological Society. Vol. V. New Series.

248

Gray— Irish Cromlechs .

13. DROMORE CROMLECH. (?)

Taken down many years ago to supply stones for a rockery in
the Palace Garden.

14. DRUMGREEN CROMLECH. (?)

Forty years ago there was a cromlech in the townland of
Drumgreen, on the road from Newry to Rathfriland. A large
cap stone stood on three supporters. All have been removed
to make building materials and road metal.

The above list, in the opinion of the author, contains all the
known cromlechs of Antrim and Down. If found imperfect,
the author will be glad to receive any correction from friendly
critics; and such corrections, together with any assistance
rendered towards compiling a schedule of the ancient monu-
ments of the North of Ireland, will be gratefully acknowledged.

Note. — This mark (?) is placed after all the cromlechs that cannot be vouched for
upon the author’s personal observation. *

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS' FIELD CLUB,
1883-84. (APPENDIX).

PLATE IX.

COUNTY ANTRIM.

Chambered Tumulus, Carnanmore.

1

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS' FIELD CLUB,
1883-84. (APPENDIX).

COUNTY ANTRIM.

Kistvean, Roughfort.

3

PL A TE X.

Mount Druid Cromlech, Ballintoy.

4

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS' FIELD CLUB,
1883-84. (APPENDIX).

PL A TE XI.

COUNTY ANTRIM.

Glegnagh Cromlech, Ballintoy.

5

C LO U G H N A BOG H I L CROMLECH, BaLLINTOY.
6

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS' FIELD CLUB,
1883-84. (APPENDIX).

PL A TE XII.

COUNTY ANTRIM.

Cloughanuncher Cromlech, Ballycastle.

7

Ballyvennaght Cromlech, Ballycastle.
8

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB,
1883-84. (APPENDIX).

PL A TE XIII.

COUNTY ANTRIM.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS' FIELD CLUB,
1883-84. (APPENDIX).

PL A TE XIV.

COUNTY ANTRIM.

Broadstone Cromlech, Craigs.

11

Finvoy Cromlech, Craigs.
12

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB,
1883-84. (APPENDIX).

PLATE XV.

COUNTY ANTRIM.

Cloughogan Cromlech, Ballygilbert,

13

Druids’ Cottage Cromlech, I s la n d-M ag e e.

14

■

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB,
1883-84. (APPENDIX).

PL A TE XVI.

COUNTY DOWN.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB,
1883-84. (APPENDIX).

PL A TE XVII.

COUNTY DOWN.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB,
7883-84. (APPENDIX).

PLATE XVIII.

COUNTY DOWN.

Slidderyford Cromlech, Dundrum.
6

\

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS' FIELD CLUB,

1883-84. (APPENDIX).

PLATE XIX.

COUNTY DOWN.

Cloughmore Cromlech, Goward.

7

Legananny Cromlech

8

✓

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS' FIELD CLUB,
1883-84. (APPENDIX).

PLATE XX.

COUNTY DOWN.

Kilkeel Cromlech.

9

Causeway Water Cromlech, Kilfeaghan.

10

( 'Proceedings Belfast Naturalists' Field Club .—Appendix 1883-1884^

NOTES ON THE

PRE-HISTORIC MONUMENTS AT CARROWMORE,

NEAR SLIGO :

BATTLE-FIELD OF THE NORTHERN MOYTURA.

BY CHARLES ELCOCK.

FT two and a half miles south-west of Sligo, the
it road to Seafield passes through Carrowmore, in
parish of Kilmacowen. It lies at the foot of Knock-
narea, on the summit of which, at an elevation of 1078 feet
above the sea, stands the large tumulus of the celebrated Queen
Meave, which has served for many a century as a mark for
mariners far out at sea. Carrowmore is slightly elevated above
the surrounding country, and the surface is considerably undu-
lating. The whole district, and for many miles in a line nearly
north and south, inclining a little to the north-west and south-
east, is covered with large, irregular, erratic blocks of coarse
granite, dropped during the glacial period.

Carrowmore may be regarded as classic ground, and the anti-
quarian may here revel for days in examining the various rude
stone monuments, such as cromleacs, cists, stone circles, tumuli,

250 El cock — Pre- Historic Monuments at Carrowmore .

cahirs, and forts which abound upon it. It is the site of the
last and desperate battle fought by the Firbolgs,* about the year
30 B.C., just before they fled to Aranmor, where several of
their stone cahirs still remain. At Carrowmore they made
their last stand on the mainland of Ireland. The name of the
Northen Moytura is given to the battle there fought, so as to
distinguish it from a previous hardly-contested battle, fought
about seven years earlier, on the plain of the Southern
Moytura, close to Cong, at the north end of Lough Corrib.
The monuments on the latter battle-field, though of a very
different character to those at Carrowmore, are equally remark-
able and interesting to the antiquary, and form a lasting
memento of the fierceness of the struggle which, occupying
several days, there took place. They are well described in
Wilde’s “ Lough Corrib,” the account being, perhaps, rather
too florid for exactness.

The monuments on Carrowmore, of which, in 1883, sixty-
three could be identified, are clustered together within a roughly
oval space of about three-quarters of a mile long by less than
half a mile wide. Near the centre of this is a large mound, of
which the proper or original name is supposed to be lost. It is
now called Listoghil, which I was told on the spot, means rye-
fort. But some little investigation kindly undertaken by my
friend M. J. Ward, leads him to the conclusion that its deriva-
tion is from “ lis”=fort, and “ toghuil” = overthrow, —the Fort
of Overthrow,— which possibly may be the “real, original”
name, given to mark the spot of the decisive struggle.

Listoghil is a large heap of small stones, and for many years
served as a quarry for road metal. However, one day when the
workmen were carting the stones away, they came upon a huge
flat stone resting on several others, “ like a table,” and fear at
once stopped any further destruction. It was evident that
Listoghil was not a mere mound, but was one of the ancient

* For an examination of the question as to whether there was a second battle of Moy-
tura fought— which some query— see Jubainville’s “ Cycle Mythologique Irlandais,
where the whole matter, with many references, is largely gone into.

Elcock — Pre- Historic Monuments at Carrowmore. 251

monuments of which so many lie scattered around it. In 1837
the fort (as it is called) was about one hundred and fifty feet
in diameter ; in 1883 it is about one hundred and twenty ;
originally, it was probably about fifty feet high. Two stone
circles formerly surrounded Listoghil, the outer circle consisting
of one hundred and fifty stones. Some of these are still standing.
From the top I counted twenty-two stone circles in sight, and
six cromleacs, besides the one under my feet.

The large stone, u like a table,” which had become exposed,
is the cap stone of a large cist, or cromleac. It is a flat lime-
stone flag, about nine feet six inches square by one foot six
inches thick. The height of the supporting stones I could not
determine without excavation, which could not be undertaken.
The interior of the cist or chamber is considerably filled up with
boulders, which have been thrown in at the entrance to please
the rustics by u the thundering noise they make.” The cist
was opened “ some years ago ” by “ some distinguished man,”
whose name I could not learn. He brought two men with
him, and they dug down inside the chamber, and found u burnt
human bones, charred wood, and a large stone spear-head,”
which were carried off. All trace of them is now lost. I was
told by the farmer, in whose fields most of these monuments
stand, that burnt bones, “ like horses’ bones,” are still found at
Listoghil when a fall of the loose stones occurs.

Entrance to the cist cannot now be had without removing
the stones lying about. By lying down I got my head inside,
and thought I could detect some rudely incised circles on some
of the stones, one circle being about ten inches in diameter.
These need further investigation. Dr. Petrie’s* number for
Listoghil is 51.

* Dr. Petrie visited and afterwards described the Carrowmore monuments, and
gave numbers to each, so as to identify them afterwards. I have made use of these $
but the route he took in going over the field is very difficult to follow so exactly as to
be sure we are correct, and I am not certain whether, in some instances, I may not
have mistaken his number. His letter on Carrowmore is dated fi 12. 8. 1837.” See
his Life.

252 Elcock — Pre-Historic Monuments at Carrowmore.

Walking from Sligo, the first cromleac which meets the eye
is one close on the left or east side of the road. It formerly
had a stone circle round it, which was cut through when
making the road, and several of the stones were broken up to
make the wall. Some may be seen in the wall, and one is still
in the field, in situ. The cap stone very much resembles the
top of a mushroom. It measures about twenty feet m circum-
ference, and stands on six stones. One feature of this cromleac
arrests the attention almost at the first glance. On the western
side it has a sort of projecting porch-like entrance, formed by
four stones— a peculiarity which is found on other cromleacs
on Carrowmore. Dr. Petrie calls this No. 13. See sketch

No. 1. ,

On the west side of the road, and almost opposite the crom-
leac just mentioned, is a short lane leading to a field, near the
highest part of which, but not visible from the mam road,

' stands the largest of all the Carrowmore cromleacs. Its Irish
name is “Leaba na Ffian,” which means the bed or grave of
the warrior— a name which is given to each of the cromleacs
in this group. The proverb as to the healing power of time
could scarcely meet with stronger proof than that given by this
Pagan monument, for the cause of the erection of this cromleac
is now so completely forgotten in the neighbourhood, that that
which is the result of bitter hatred is now known commonly as
“ The Kissing Stone.” Swains and maidens know the reason

This cromleac is perfect, and stands from eight to nine feet
high. The cap stone rests on three of the six stones under it,
and measures about twenty-three feet in circumference, being
about ten feet long. A stone circle, nearly forty feet in diameter,
still surrounds the cromleac, thirty- two stones, being in situ.
The porch-like entrance is here seen also. This is the only
cromleac of the group into which we can walk. Dr. Petrie

calls this No. 7. See sketch No. 2. <

Almost due south of this cromleac, and being but a few yards

Elcock — Pre-Historic Monuments at Carrowmore. 253

away, easily seen from it, stands Dr. Petrie’s No. 4. This
cromleac is quite perfect, and stands about five feet high. There
are five supports for the capstone, which measures about fourteen
feet in circumference. It stands near the middle of a field, and
formerly had a stone circle around it about forty feet in
diameter,, consisting of forty large stones. When Dr. Petrie
visited it in 1837, he found twenty-one of these still there. In
1883 these were all gone but one ! On enquiring of the farmer
before-mentioned how this was, he told me the twenty-one
stones were all there still, but twenty had been buried by the
man who held the farm before him, adding— “And he got no
good by burying them.” The former tenant feared to destroy
the stones, and so dug a large hole at the base of each, and then
tipped twenty of them into the holes made, “ and there they
are still,” said my informant. He would have tipped over the
last stone, but the agent, hearing what he was doing, came and
stopped him just in time to save it. On account of the stones
being “ still there,” though invisible, I have ventured to name
this “ The Cromleac of the Phantom Stones.” Although there
are no stones placed as a porch outside the supporting stones,
yet the idea of having a special entrance is evident in the con-
struction of the entrance. See sketch No. 3.

The remains of at least two very fine circles are near this
cromleac, one of them containing a ruined cromleac, and the
other having been a double circle, the outer circle being formed
of very large stones. The chamber of the ruined cromleac was
examined about fifty years ago by a gentleman named Walker,
who found human remains in it. About a dozen were thus
examined, and at least ten of them contained an interment of
human remains, and in one instance the cromleac contained an
urn, broken. This was found in Dr. Petrie’s No. 17 — a double
circle.

Crossing the road again, there stands a little way south-west
of the farm-house a large heap of stones which have been
gathered off the land. Under this heap there is a perfect

25+ Elcock — Pre- Historic Monuments at Carrowmore.

cromleac. It was covered when Dr. Petrie visited it. His
number for it is 55- This ought to be uncovered by the
Board of Works, under whose care these monuments are now
placed.

Not far from this heap, down in the hollow near the house,
stands Dr. Petrie’s No. 53. Nothing but the cromleac is now
left, the circle formerly around it having disappeaied through
“improvements” many years ago. The cromleac stands very
low, and will soon be gone from sight, as it forms a good basis
for a stone-heap, such as that at No. 55- It scarcely reached
higher than the top of the oats by which it was surrounded

when I saw it. See sketch No. 4.

In the next field to the south are a great number of circles :
one in the east corner is formed of very large stones, and near
it on the south-west is a fine large “ giant’s grave,” or stone
cist. Half of Listoghil stands in the field, and two cromleacs

also.

The nearest to us is Dr. Petrie’s No. 52. It is a large cromleac,
with a conical cap stone, flat underneath. Query, was it a double
cromleac? The porch-like entrance is very marked, unless
what looks like a porch may be the supports of a second crom-
leac, of which the cap stone is gone. A circle formerly sur-
rounded this cromleac, but only one stone is now standing, and
this is not in its original place. My informant once saw this
stone being moved away, and he put it back as near as he could.
There is a gentle incline of earth and stones up to the top of
the supports of the cap stone/looking like an inclined plane, up
which the cap stone was pushed into position, but I do not think
it was formed for that purpose, though I could not learn whether
it had been formed by throwing the stones there which were
cleared out of the land. See sketch No. 5*

Passing by Listoghil on our left, we see below us on the
south, Dr. Petrie’s No. 48. This cromleac is perfect, the cap
stone being about six feet square, but is nearly level with the
ground. At a distance of thirty-eight feet from it stands a

Elcock — Pre-Historic Monuments at Carr ow more. 255

large solitary pointed stone, five feet high, the only one left of
what must have been a magnificent circle, about eighty feet in
diameter. See sketch No. 6.

Double circles, with ruined cromleacs, are seen west of this
in the same field.

Near the pond, at the bottom of the hollow, there is what
appears to be a cist of unusual construction. There is a very
large flag-like stone, flush with the surface, under which is a
hollow space. I pushed my umbrella into it, through an opening
on one side, and could swing it about. It was too dark inside
to see anything. The peculiar feature is this:— On the top of
the flag, and placed round it, resting partly on the flag and partly
on the surrounding soil, are a number of large stones, as if put
there to keep the flag down and prevent its being raised. What
can this be ? I have never seen any similar structure.

Just over the wall, in the field at the top of the hill, is seen
a very remarkable cashel or fort. It may be called roughly
square, the sides being about one hundred and twenty feet long.
The circumscribing walls are perhaps ten feet thick, and are
made up of earth and massive stones. There are two entrances
on opposite sides, north and south. The interior is divided by
cross walls at right angles, and there appears to have been a
cist or structure of some sort in it. There are a ditch and bank
outside the wall. Altogether, it is very difficult to say what
this really was, its appearance being so very different to what
is usually found in forts, &c., and excavation would be necessary
to settle the question whether this was a place of sepulture or
not. Can it have been the great Firbolg stronghold ? Dr.
Petrie numbers it 46.

Leaving the cashel and passing to the east, in the direction
of Cloverhill, keeping near the wall, we soon come upon the
last of the perfect cromleacs left on Carrowmore. It is Dr.
Petrie s No. 37. It stands in the centre of a triple series of
circles still there. The cromleac is small, the cap stone being
about sixteen feet in circumference, and resting on five stones.

256 Elcock — Pre-Historic Monuments at Carrowmore.

The porch is very striking. The smallest circle is forty feet in
diameter, and consists of small stones, much covered by the
grass, so as to be nearly hidden. The middle arc e is eighty
feet in diameter, and is formed of twelve large stones. The
outermost circled one hundred and twenty feet in diameter^
and is composed of twelve much larger stones, some of which

have been displaced. See sketch No. 7.

This list mentions all the cromleacs which are perfect m
1 883 Ruins and traces of others, with single, double, and even
triple chambers in them, are numerous, no less than twenty
being traceable, though many more formerly stood on Carrow-

mThere is one very fine circle not far from No. 37, some of the
stones of which stand seven feet above ground. Three or four
have slipped from their places owing to the carting away of the
gravel from the mound on which the circle stands. There are
traces of cists or cromleacs within this circle, and on stamping
the ground, it sounds as if hollow. Origina y . ov y
stones stood round the edge of this circle, which is seventy to

eighty feet in diameter. . , „ A

In a field about three hundred yards east of this circ ,
on the left of the road to Cloverhill, is a stone cist. 1
tops of the stones are level with the ground. Some of the
stones are carved with very rude scnbmgs, an one »
entrance has on the edge what looks very much like ^Ogham
inscription. The drawings of these sculptures in Ferguson
“ Rude Stone Monuments” are not correct.

At the extreme northern end of the battle-field is st
seen the well of very fine water, never known to be dry, at
which the Firholgs are said to have drunk on the day of the
battle. Its Irish name is “Tober na Ffian,”-the Warrior’s

Well.

A very short distance north of the Well stands a very
remarkable solitary stone. It is called “ Cloch-breac, The
Grey [or Speckled] Stone. It is a flagstone standing on

Elcock Pre- Historic Monuments at Carrowmore. 257

edge, measuring nearly ten feet above ground, and as wide as
high : its thickness is about seven inches. It has a large quad-
rangular hole cut through it, large enough for a man to creep
through with ease. It forms a “ mearing point ” for the three
adjoining parishes. Why it was erected, or when, is quite lost,
and I could learn no tradition respecting it. Is it one of the
old Pagan oath stones, such as the Maen-an-Thol, in Cornwall,
or as “ The Long Stone ” at Minchinhampton, in Gloucester-
shire ? . Besides being used for swearing, such stones were used
for curing children who had the measles, whooping-cough, &c.,
by passing the child through the hole ! A superstition which
it is hoped is now quite gone.

There is yet one more of the antiquities in Carrowmore
which must be mentioned, although properly speaking not
exactly belonging to the Moytura monuments. This is The
Caltragh, a large Pagan burying ground, about a quarter of a
mile due east of Cromleac No. 13. It may be seen from the
field in which this cromleac stands, and from Listoghil. The
Caltragh is an irregularly circular mound, about one hundred
and fifty yards in diameter, enclosed by a wall. Some slight
excavations made here and therfe many years ago, showed it to
be full of human bones. The examination was difficult, owing
to the prejudices of the neighbourhood. No burial has ever
taken place there within the reach of tradition, and the ground
is regarded as under a sort of taboo . Undoubtedly it dates
from a very remote antiquity— probably much older than the
Carrowmore monuments.

The whole of these monuments are included in the Act for
the Preservation of Ancient Monuments.

There is now little doubt that the stone enclosures known as
Druidical Circles, Druid’s Altars, and such like, are invariably
sepulchral, with which the Druids had no sort of connection as
to worship. The stone circles in all probability mark the
burial places of the common soldiers who fell in the battle, and
the cromleac in the centre, the grave of the chieftain— the

25s Elcoek — Pre- Historic Monuments at Carrowmore.

“great man” who commanded them. Almost invarl*blJ’
wherever^ examined, traces of hnman interments have been
found in both. This is borne out by the ancient Irish name
for all the Carrowmore monuments-the graves or beds of the

WaSuchSof our members who may be in Sligo may count on a
dav of exceeding interest and instruction by paying a visit to
clrtZl O.t of Brituny, .hero ;> =» coUoouon of
such antiquities known to equal it m the wor

Works of reference in connection with the subject

Ferguson’s Rude Stone Monuments.

Dr. Petrie’s Life and Letters.

The Book of Fenagh.

Dunraven’s Notes on Early Irish Architecture.

Jubainville’s Le Cycle Mythologique Irlandais, chaps, vu., viu.

Wilde’s Lough Corrib. .

Wood-Martin’s History of Sligo.-This book contains the most recent

information about Carrowmore.

CHARLES ELCOCK.

11 FEB V'se

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB ,
1883-84. (APPENDIX).

PL A TE XXI.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS' FIELD CLUB,
1883-84. (APPENDIX).

PLA TE XXII.

CARROWMORE, CO. SLIGO.

The Cromlech of the Phantom Stones, Dr. Petrie's, No. 4.

3

Cromlech, Dr. Petries , No.

4

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB,
1883-84. (APPENDIX).

PLATE XXIII.

CARROWMORE. CO. SLIGO.

Cromlech, Dr. Petrie's, No. 54.

5

Cromlech, Dr. Petrie's, No.

6

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS' FIELD CLUB ,
1883-84. (APPENDIX).

PLA TE XXIV.

CARROWMORE, CO. SLIGO.

Cromlech, Dr. Petrie s, No. 37.

7

APPRDDlX IX

^

I. RECENT OSTRACODA OF BELFAST LOUGH.

BY SAMUEL M. MALC6MSON, M.D.

II. the FUNGI OF THE NORTH OF IRELAND.

BY HENRY WILLIAM LETT, M.A., Trin. Coll., Dublin.

III. FORAMINIFERA

OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB’S CRUISE OFF
BELFAST LOUGH IN THE STEAM-TUG 11 PROTECTOR,” JUNE, 1 885 ;
ALSO, FORAMINIFERA FOUND BY DR. MALCOMSON,

AT ROCKPORT, BELFAST LOUGH.

BY JOSEPH WRIGHT, F.G.S.

IV. A LIST OF THE CRETACEOUS FORAMINIFERA

OF KEADY HILL, COUNTY DERRY.

BY JOSEPH WRIGHT, F.G.S.

V. A LIST OF IRISH COLEOPTERA,

BY ROBERT PATTERSON, F.R.S.

EDITED BY S. A. STEWART, F.B.S., Edin.

PUBLISHED BY

THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB.

January, 1886.

■

'

• ■

■

.

( Proceedings Belfast Naturalists' Field Club. — Appendix 1884-1885).

RECENT OSTRACODA OF BELFAST LOUGH.

By SAMUEL M. MALCOMSON, M.D.

«S very few Ostracoda have been recorded from the North of Ireland, and
as no systematic list of the species inhabiting Belfast Lough and its
neighbourhood has ever been made out, I determined some years ago to
examine all the material containing them which I could obtain, with a view to
supplying this deficiency.

When I mentioned my project to Mr. Joseph Wright, F.G.S., he very
kindly offered to place at my disposal all the material dredged by himself and
Mr. Wm. Swanston, F.G.S., from the examination of which he had compiled
the extensive list of Foraminifera published in an appendix to the proceedings
of the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club for 1876-77. To these valuable dredg-
ings I have added one gathering of my own, consisting of shore sand from
Rockport, County Down, and also the dredgings taken at the Field Club excur-
sion in the steam tug “ Protector,” in 1885.

Want of time has prevented the examination of Mr. W right’s entire series
of dredgings, but those already done seem to give a fairly representative list of
the Belfast Lough species, and as Strangford Lough has not yet been systema-
tically dredged, I have considered it better not to incorporate the gatherings
from that locality in the present list.

Altogether, gatherings from twenty- one stations have been examined.
Eleven of these situated in the Irish Channel, just outside the mouth of Belfast
Lough, were all, except three, in moderately deep water (30 to 72 fathoms).

Five of the stations were in Belfast Lough itself, and all in shallow water
(4 to 10 fathoms), while the remaining five stations were situated on the beach,
and consisted of shore gatherings, taken from the surface of the sand or from
rocky pools between tide marks.

These gatherings altogether have yielded 100 species of marine Ostracoda,

260 Malcomson. — Recent Ostracoda of Belfast Lough.

as well as five fresh water species,* which were found in the shore gatherings,
hut these had evidently been carried down by streams, and consequently have

not been included in the present paper.

Two tables are appended— one giving particulars of depth, locality, nature
of sea bottom, quantity of material examined, and number of species found m
each gathering; and the other showing the distribution and comparative
rarity of each species.

I am very deeply indebted to G. S. Brady, M.D., F.L.S, for the great
assistance he has rendered me in the identification of many doubtful specimens,
and for the valuable information he has given me about some of the more inte-

resting species. . .

I must also thank my friend, Mr. Joseph Wright, for his kindness m

placing his gatherings in my hands, and Mr. David Robertson, F.G.S., of
Glasgow, for his help in determining some of the critical species.

The following species deserve special notice : —

Paracypris polita, G. 0. Sars. Only two or three single valves ^ of this
species were found, all of them in one locality- viz., Brown s Bay,
Islandmagee, one of the excellent shore gatherings collected for Mr.
Wright’s paper by Mr. Gray, M.R.I.A.

Bairdia inflata, Norman. This species seems to he fairly common in the
Irish Channel, but only one valve was found in Belfast Lough, and that
one at White Head, which is almost at the mouth of the Lough.

Bairdia obtusata, G. 0. Sars. Only two specimens of this very rare
species were found, both in the “ Protector ” dredgmgs.

Cythere cribrosa, B. C. and Jt. I have only seen one specimen of this
species. It has not been previously found in the recent state, hut occurs
fossil in the Post-tertiary deposit at Bridlington, Yorkshire.1
Cythere Cluthse, B. C. and B. Although rare, this species seems to be
generally distributed in the deeper water. Recent specimens have no
been previously recorded, but fossil ones occur in several post-tertiary
deposits*

Cythere Dunelmensis, Norman. This species seems to inhabit only a
very limited area in Belfast Lough, as it has been found m only tuo
gatherings, taken from stations which were close together-™.,' ott
ltockport, 4 fathoms, and Rockport shore sand. It is usually found m
much deeper water, and is not a littoral species. I think it is probable
that the shore sand specimens have been washed up by some curren ,

* Pot&mocypris fu!va .Brady. Cypris MM ,J t -g Cypridopsis villosa
( jUr{ne ). Candona albicans, Brady , and Candona compressa (Koch).

(1.) See Post. Tert. Entom. Scotland, p. 146.

(2.) See Post. Tert. Entom. Scotland, p. 153.

261

Malcomson. — Recent Ostracodci of Belfast Lough.

although they do not appear much worn ; but as several other species of
Ostracoda, as well as Foraminifera, which usually inhabit deeper water,
have been found in this locality, I think some such supposition is ren-
dered likely.

Cythere (?) acerosa, Brady. Although extremely rare, this species seems
to be widely distributed in the deeper water outside Belfast Lough, hav-
ing been found in no less than five gatherings.

Cytheridea suMavescens, Brady. Five or six typical specimens of this
extremely rare species have been found.

Loj^oconcha cuneiformis, n. sp. Brady JUS. (Plate xxv., figs. 1-2.) Only
one specimen, a male, of this species has been found. Carapace of male, as
seen from the side, oblong, subrhomboidal, higher in front than behind,
greatest height equal to half the length ; anterior extremity broad,
marked with a few radiating hair-like lines, well rounded below, and
sloping steeply backwards above, where it forms an obtuse angle with
the dorsum ; posterior narrow, and obliquely rounded below ; superior
margin straight, inferior slightly sinuated in front of the middle, and
produced into a thin laminar process behind, which is continued round
the posterior border. Outline, as seen from above, cuneate, greatest
width in front of the middle, and scarcely equal to height ; acutely
pointed in front, somewhat more obtusely behind. Shell pellucid,
polished, thickly covered with very fine puncta, and a few distinct
elevated papillae.

Cytheropteron Montrosiense, B. C. and R. Only a single valve of this
species has been found.

Bythocythere pavo, n. sp. Brady MS. (Plate xxv., figs. 5-7.) Only six
specimens of this species have been seen, all from the dredging off Black
Head. It has been previously found by Dr. Brady and the Rev. A. M.
Norman, but has not been described. Carapace of female, as seen from
the side, oblong, subquadrilateral ; nearly equal in height through-
out ; height equal to half the length, extremities rounded ; superior
margin straight, inferior slightly sinuated in the middle. Seen from
above ovate, greatest width behind the middle, and nearly equal to half
the length ; anterior extremity muncronate, posterior evenly rounded.
End view triangular, with rounded angles ; height slightly greater than
width. Surface of shell thickly covered with fine punctures and large
white papillae. Length, 1.100th inch. Dr. Brady informs me that
most of his specimens have a slight lateral crest, which mine do nol
show.

Cytherideis foveolata, Brady. (Plate xxv., figs. 8-12.) This species,
which has not been previously found in Britain, seems to be confined to

262 Malcomson. — Recent Ostracoda of Belfast Lough.

the deeper water, although the first specimen was in shore sand from
Portrush, where it had probably been washed up. Dr. Brady informs
me that my specimens differ from the types obtained by him from t e
Gulf of St. Lawrence, in being rather stouter, less depressed in front,
less distinctly punctated, rather smaller, and in haying the ventral over-
lap of the valves in the opposite direction.

Paradoxostoma truncatum, n. sp. (Plate xxv., figs. About a

dozen specimens of this species have been found in a single locality off
Coalpit Bay, hut it has not been seen anywhere else. Carapace, as seen
from the side, compressed, irregularly ovate, greatest height m the
middle, and equal to rather more than half the length. Anterior margin
nearly straight, and sloping upwards almost at right angles to the ante-
rior part of the dorsal margin; posterior extremity evenly rounded.
Superior margin well arched, sloping somewhat steeply m front ; inferior
sinuated in front of the middle. Outline, as seen from above ovate
extremities pointed, widest in the middle ; greatest width equal to rather
more than one-third the length. Yalves pellucid, white, or slightly
ochreous. Length, l-60th inch.

Cytherella Scotica, Brady. Only, a single yalve of this species has been

TABLE GIVING PARTICULARS OF DEPTHS, &c., OF THE STATIONS.

O rd .

rO*3

| §

•9I

t!

® la

HOMHHlOfflNffl to 05
tO CO r* TjH CO tH to CO

(N » O t)uO
CO to CO (N h

CO Oi (M CO CO

(M CO CO CO to

•^d83[

•I 8

00 tH

K £ :

CO CO CO 05 OS

d

d

I

P4.S

.<** 2

m „rd

l|a

111

4

CD

-i

d d

© d ©
rd dd

j ^ M £

P> 03 'S ‘r3

d d d

■ a d
o d

Hg d 'g

d pj d

d d oj d -p lZZ tsj P-i cd o3 i_i
<Z2O2a20QO2^ OQ 02 02 3

O

O ©
Ph d

o

rQ d
e3

m

OOOO(M(MOOt0
«OCOCOCOJ>-COCOtOi— I

CO CO o«©^to

g£

£d

w

odd

iS'-rg-rg

:'.V^

d.jr

r§^

3 3 s

'o *cd 'o

f*3 «h d

DQ ° °

02 02 P

© © J®

la a

© O

•5 £ o

ES d
d o
o rd

• rd 1

. -+J

In^

feD'd ,

rd P

© d © ” rrl

3 d •

"■"a

•a §

d d

&*<*

a

3 d ^ § d 'd

S'g 0*1^3 §H

P n 02 *y ^ d 3

:1

mw.m . • ■-■

‘ OQ^SK

-a

02

ta ® m ® O d

® ® © a

©d grdd^

^ a S a a a

a O ® O O £

•a

^ tX I ^ „

02HEHdHO

fig ££

s .a ts ^

-g &&I*

2d »

© 2 n

d ©

0?P

sSurSpaap

Kioio0jojj ,,

•aaXKVHQ HSIHJ

SttSdSdSd U
oooow

•hohot;

xsyaaag;

«<5

d ,,

P

p Pt
r^

O o

HP

5 ftp

d a

n

a-f

© cd dT

^op

Jg g

60 <X> H

a * £

9 -p> o
o © >_,

Ppqpq

•SOKIHaHXVr)

aaoHg

U4

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXY.

Fig. 1. Loxoconcha cuneiforms.
Fig. 2. ,,

Fig. 3. Paradoxostoma truncatum.

Fig. 4. ,,

Fig. 5. By thocy there pavo.

Fig. 6. >>

Fig. 7. >>

Fig. 8. Cytherideis foveolata.
Fig. 9. »

Fig. 10. „

Fig. 11. >>

Fig. 12. >>

Carapace of male, seen from left side
Carapace of male, seen from above
Carapace of female, seen from left side.
Carapace of female, seen from above.
Carapace of female, seen from left side.
Carapace of female, seen from above.
Carapace of female, seen from below.
Carapace of female, seen from left side.
Carapace of female, seen from above.
Carapace of female, seen from below.
Carapace of male, seen from left side.
Carapace of male seen from above.

Proc. Belfast Nat. Field Club. 1884-85. (Appendix.) ' PI. XXV

MALCOMSON _ OSTRACODA OF BELFAST LOUGH.

/,

3 n M. del et lith

I

( Proceedings Belfast Naturalists' Field Club. — Appendix 1884-85.)

€fjt jfuttgt of tfye i^ortfj of Irtlaitb*

PART i.

By HENRY WILLIAM LETT, M.A., Trin. Coll., Dublin

The earliest writers who mention any of the Fungi of the North of Ireland
appear to be the editors of “ The Antient and Present State of the County of
Down: Dublin, 1744.” This book is now generally known as Harris’s
County Down, from a Mr. Walter Harris having had the principal share in its
compilation. And the next is, Dr. Taylor, of County Cork, who wrote nearly
half a century ago. v x

Harris’s Down gives “A catalogue of the more rare Plants found spon-
taneously growing in the County of Down in May, 1748, by an expert Botanist
employed for that purpose, and examined in Dublin by some well skilled in
that branch of knowledge.” These plants number exactly forty, and four are
Fungi, which are described at p. 183 as follows.

“ 28. Fungus Arboreus acetabuli modo cavus, coccineus, marginibus pilosis.
Raii Syn. Fungoides coccineum oris pilosis, acetabuli forma. Tournf. Inst.
It grows on rotten oaks in Kilwarlin near Hillsborough in June.” There can
be no doubt this is Peziza coccinea (Jacq).

“ 29. Fungus Pileatus major superne coloris Castanei, lamellis Candidis,
caule maculato. Raii Syn. — Chesnut-coloured Mushroom with white Gills
and spotted Stalk. Dr. Sherard found this in the County of Down, but has
omitted to mention the particular place where.”

“ 30. Fungus pulverulentus, Crepitus Lupi dictus major pediculo longiori
ventricoso. Raii Hist. — Dusty Mushroom the greater , with a long, tumid foot
stalk, found at Moyra and other parts.” This and the next are evidently
Puffballs.

“31. Fungus pulverulentus, Crepitus Lupi dictus, pediculo longiori sc abro.
Dr. Sherard. Dusty Mushroom with a long rough foot stalk, found at War -

ingstown."

266

Lett-

•2 he Fungi of the North of Ireland.

The Dr Sherard whose name occurs twice in connection with these four
plants may be regarded as the first Ulster fungologist. Perhaps some more of
his observations may be unearthed by future researches.

The next worker in this department of the Botany of the district was
Templeton, who carried on the collection and study of the Fungi found near
Belfast more than eighty years ago, with the result of whose efforts the
authors of the “ B.N.F.C. Guide to Belfast, &c.,” were unacquainted. Those
efforts are embodied in a paper in the Annals of Natural History , Vol. V.,
pp 3-6 1840 the title of which is— “ Catalogue of the Species of Fungi
obtained in the North of Ireland by John Templeton, Esq., of Cranmore, Belfast,”
by “ Thomas Taylor, M D., M.R.I.A., F.L.S ” And to the list is the following
preface : — “ Dunkerron, Kenmare, 12th March, 1839.-The following Cata-
logue of Fungi, collected by the late Mr. John Templeton in the vicinity of
Belfast, is drawn up from drawings and specimens left by him, and whic
Mrs Templeton placed in my hands, with a desire that I should carefully
ascertain the species and their modern names, with a view to pnbhoa-
tion. I have bestowed upon them my best attention, and yet the list is defi-
cient by a few of the drawings whose counterparts I have not yet met with in
nature, and by a vety few of the specimens, from whose imperfect state no
satisfactory conclusions could be drawn. Still, I cannot but. admire the in-
dustry and talents of one who, at least equally successful in all the other
departments of zoology and botany, displayed so intimate a knowledge of
plants difficult of investigation, at least before the termination of the last cen-
tury, when the greater part of this collection was already made.-TnoMAS

TayloR * *

The 226 Species collected by Templeton are inserted in the following Cata-
loeue which, for convenience of reference, is arranged according M- °-
Cooke’s, Handbook of British Fungi , pp. 901 (London, 1871) whose des°rip-
tions are referred to, except where otherwise stated. As I have adopted the
classification used in that work, I have not thought it advisable to give
titles of the Families and Orders as they occur. ,

Two forms of Sclerotium (complanatum, Tode. and durum, Pera) collected by
Templeton have been omitted, as they are regarded by modern mycologists as
immature states. 'Wherever necessary the Synonyms employed by Taylor

have been added. . ,

There are six of Templeton’s species which, owing to being unable to con-
sult any of the older writers on British Fungi, I cannot trace to their modern
Synonyms, and therefore, for the present, enumerate them here. These are
Thelephora aurantiaca, Sow.

Peziza aquatica, De Cand.

Peziza ly coper dioides , De Cand.

Tremella difformis , With.

Sphoeria rimosa, Sow.

Pers,

Demaiilium ciliare,

Lett — The Fungi of the North of Ireland. 267

It may here be inquired, what has become of Templeton’s drawings and
specimens, and would it be possible to have them placed in the Herbarium of
the Museum of Belfast, near the scenes of his varied and many labours for
science, and the town close to which he had his home, andr with which his
name will be always associated? The Belfast Museum already possesses,
through the generosity of Mr. Robert M. Young, a small collection of crypto-
gamic plants made by Templeton between the years 1801-1809, which con-
tains a few specimens of Fungi, but, as they are not marked with any locali-
ties, I regret my inability to recognise them as Irish.

However, a more interesting and important discovery has been lately made
by Mr. S. A. Stewart, F.B.S.E., who has found amongst Mr. W. Thompson’s
papers on the Museum shelves, a number of Fungi collected by that genius of
varied talents, some of which I was glad to find were natives of the North,
and will be found duly recorded in my list.

It would seem that nothing has been done since Mr. Templeton’s time to
study the Fungi of our district, except the few species brought together by
the author of the Natural History of Ireland. But recently attention has
been given to the subject by several students of nature, whose specimens 1 have
had the pleasure of inspecting, and a certain public interest has been excited
about “Toad stools,” as was evidenced by the attendances at the Fungus Forays
of 1883, to Shane’s Castle, County Antrim ; of 1884, to Killymoon, near
Cookstown, County Tyrone ; and of 1885, to Rademon, near Crossgar, County
Down. The work effected by the B.N.F.C. on those occasions can be esti-
mated from the frequent mention of those localities in the accompanying
pages.

The present list contains 582 species, and is intended as the beginning of
a Catalogue which, it is expected, will be continued from time to time. It
embraces only a small portion of the Fungi of the North of Ireland, and these
from merely a few localities, a large number of the most common species not
being recorded in it, a deficiency which time and patience can, and doubtless
will, supply. There remain in my possession many specimens and drawings
of undecided forms, which I have not been able to clear off in time for this
report.

In the identification of species, much assistance has been afforded me by W.
B. Grove, Esq., B.A., of Manchester, and Greenwood Pirn, Esq., M.A., F.L.S.,
of Monkstown, County Dublin, who have taken a great deal of trouble with
many difficulties that I submitted to their judgment. Mr. Pirn, who has been
working for some years on the Fungi of Leinster and Munster, added to his
favours by spending two pleasant days with me in September, 1885, when we
had the satisfaction of verifying more than 80 species among the woods of
Donard Demesne, and Tollymore Park. I hope that the other kind friends
who have contributed specimens will continue and extend their observations
till the records are completed for all the counties in Ulster.

268

Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

Note.— The plants included in this Part which I did not collect— except
Templeton’s in Taylor’s list -have been all examined by me, and in nearly
everj instance in a living state.- -H. W. L.

1. Agaricus (Amanita) vaginatus. Bull.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist, Vol. V. Rosstrevor and
Narrow Water Woods, County Down, 1883 ; Killymoon, County Tyrone, 1884;
and Rademon, County Down, 1885 — H. W. L.

2. Agaricus (Amanita) cecilise. B. and Br.

Narrow Water Wood, Co. Down, 1888. Rare.— H. W. L.

3. Agaricus (Amanita) adnatus. Smith.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1884. Very rare.-H. W. L.

4. Agaricus (Amanita) phalloides. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton (. Ac/aricus hulhosus , Sow.). Ann. Nat. Hist.,
Yol. Y. Narrow Water Wood, Co. Down, 1888; and Killymoon, Co. Tyrone,
1884.— H. W. L

5. Agaricus (Amanita) mappa. Batsch.

Several under trees near the grotto in Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1885—
G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

6. Agaricus (Amanita) muscarius. L.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V. Shane’s Castle Park,
Co. Antrim ; Wood at the Ferry Hill, near Omeath, Co. Louth, and Raughlan,
Co. Armagh, 1883 ; Donard Demesne, Rademon, and Tollymore Park, County
Down, 1885. Abundant in fir and birch woods.— H. W. L.

7. Agaricus (Amanita) pantherinus. D.C.

Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1884. Rare.-H. W. L.

8. Agaricus (Amanita) rubescens. P.

Warrenpoint, County Down, 1883 ; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884 ; Donard
Demesne, and Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1885. Abundant in both woods.

H. W. L.

9. Agaricus (lepiota) procerus. Scop.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, and sandhills at N6wcastle, County Down,
abundant, 1884 ; Rademon, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

lO. Agaricus (I.epiota) rachodes. Vitt,

In a plantation at Raughlan, Co. Armagh, 1883. H. W. L.

269

Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

11. Agaricus (Lepiota) gracilentus. Krombh.

Abundant among the sandhills at Newcastle, Co. Down, 1884.— H.W.L.

12. Agaricus (I.eplota) clypeolarius. Bull.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist. Vol. V.

13. Agaricus (Xiepiota) cristatus. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. In the lawn near the
Castle of Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884.— H. W. L.

14. Agaricus (Iiepiota) granulosus. Batsch.

I have collected this pretty species on the summit of Slieve Donard, which
rises to a height of 2,796 feet, and among the sandhills near Newcastle, Co.
Down, where it was abundant in the short grass only a few feet above the sea
level, 1883. Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

15. Agaricus (Xiepiota) granulosus var. carcharias. Pers.

In a plantation near Holy wood, Co. Down, 1883— R. L. Praeger ; top of
Knockbarragh Hill, Co. Down, 1883.— H. W. L.

16. Agaricus (Armillaria) melleus. Vahl.

Shane s Castle, Co. Antrim, and Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1883 ;
Rademon, Tollymore Park, and Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885. Most
abundant in late autumn. — H. W. L.

17. Agaricus (Armillaria) mucidus. Fr.

Lurgan Demesne, Co. Armagh, aud Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884.— H.W.L.

18. Agaricus (Tricholoma) flavo brunneus. Fr.

Maralin, Co. Down, 1884.— C. H. Waddell.

19. Agaricus (Tricholoma) albo brunneus. P.

Ardmore Glebe, County Armagh, 1882 ; Donard Lodge, County Down
1885.— H. W. L.

20. Agaricus (Tricholoma) rutilans. Schceff.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Wood at the Ferry
Hill, near Omeath, Co. Louth, 1883; Donard Demesne, and Tollymore Park,
Co. Down, 1884.— H. W. L.

21. Agaricus (Tricholoma) sculptaturus. Fr.

Wood at the Ferry Hill, near Omeath, Co. Louth, 1883.- H. W. L.

270 Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

22. Agaricus (Tricholoma) columbetta. Ft.

Killymoon, County Tyrone, 1884.— H. W. L.

23. Agaricus (Tricholoma) imbricatus. Fr.

In fir plantation, Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1884.— H. W. L.

24. Agaricus (Tricholoma) terreus. Schwff.

Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884.— H. W. L.

25. Agaricus (Tricboloma) colossus. Ft.

' A single specimen, in fine condition, under trees at rere of Warrenpoint
Church, Co. Down, 1883. H. W. L.

26. Agaricus (Tricboloma) gambosus. Fr.

Islandmagee, Co. Antrim, and Ardmore and Derrytrasna, Co. Armagh,
1884. This is very abundant and large every year in the latter localities. -

H. W. L.

27. Agaricus (Tricboloma) albus. Fr.

Rosstrevor Wood, 1883, and Donard Demesne, 1884, Co. Down.— H.W. L.

28. Agaricus (Tricboloma) grammopodius. Bull.

Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885.— G. Pim, and H. . L.

29. Agaricus (Tricholoma) militaris. Lasch.

A single specimen, in fine condition, at Rademon, County Down, 1885.-
H. W. L.

30. Agaricus (Tricboloma) nudus. Fr.

Raughlan, County Armagh, 1883. — H. W. L.

31. Agaricus (Clitocybe) nebularis. Batsch.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. In abundant clusters
and rings in Shane’s Castle Park, Co. Antrim, 1885. Scarce m Tollymore
Park Co Down, 1885.-H W. L. In a very perfect ring, seven yards across,
the plants so thick as to be riding on each other, at Glenmore near Lisburn,
Co. Antrim, 1885.— J. H. Davies. I went to see this.— H. W. L.

32. Agaricus (Clitocybe) odorus. Bull.

Donard Demesne, and Tollymore Park, County Down, 1885. -G. Pun,
and H. W. L.

33. Agaricus (Clitocybe) cerussatus. Fr.

In a fir wood in Tollymore Park, 1884, and Donard Demesne, 1885, Co.
Down.— H. W. L.

271

Lett — The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

34. Agaricus (Clitocybe) dealbatus. P.

Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884.— H. W. L.

35. Agaricus (Clitocybe) elixus. Sow.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1882.— H. W. L.

36. Agaricus (Clitocybe) fumosus. P.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1884.— H. W. L.

37. Agaricus (Clitocybe) giganteus. Br.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y.

38. Agaricus (Clitocybe) maximus. Fr.

Near the Yicarage, Warrenpoint, Co. Down, 1883. H. W. L.

39. Agaricus (Clitocybe) geotrupus. Bull.

Near the Saw-mill in Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1884.— H. W. L

40. Agaricus (Clitocybe) inversus. Scop.

Under Scotch firs at Raughlan, Co. Armagh, 1884.— H. W. L.

41. Agaricus (Clitocybe) gilvus. Pers.

This species is described in Grevillea, No. 65, p. 55, of the new issue of

Cooke’s White-spored Hymenocetes. Rademon, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

42. Agaricus (Clitocybe) flaccidus, var. lobatus. Sow.

Derryadd, near Lurgan, Co. Armagh, 1884.— H. W. L.

43. Agaricus (Clitocybe) cyathiformis. Br.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y. ; Donard Demesne
Co. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

44. Agaricus (Clitocybe) brumalis. Fr.

Roadside, in several places, Derrytrasna, Co. Armagh, 1884.— H. W. L.

45. Agaricus (Clitocybe) fragrans. Sow.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. ; Donard Demesne Co
Down, 1885.— G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

46. Agaricus (Clitocybe) ectypus. Fr.

Donard Demesne and Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1885.-G. Pim and

H. W. L. *

47. Agaricus (Clitocybe) bellus. Fr.

Near Ardmore School, Co. Armagh, 1885 H. W. L.

272 Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

48. Agaricus (Clitocybe) laccatus. Scop

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y. ; Narrow Water
Demesne and Donard Demesne, Co. Down, and Shane’s Castle Demesne, Co.
Antrim, 1883; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884; Rademon, County Down, 1885.

— H. W. L.

49. Agaricus (Clitocybe) laccatus var. amethystinus. Bot.

In a wood at the Ferry Hill, near Omeath, Co. Louth, and Shane’s Castle
Demesne, Co. Antrim, 1883. Not common.— H. W. L.

50. Agaricus (Clitocybe) gilvus. Pers.

Rademon, Co. Down, 1885. — H. W. L.

51. Agaricus (Pleurotus) corticatus. Fr.

Several on decaying “sleepers” of the railway near the sandhills at
Newcastle, Co. Down, 1885. I gathered these on the Excursion of the
B.N.F.C. in July to the Mourne Mountains. — H. W. L.

52. Agaricus (Pleurotus) dryinus. P.

A few specimens on an aged elm tree, Ardmore (Hebe, County Armagh,

1884. — H. W. L.

53. Agaricus (Pleurotus) ulmarius. Bull.

A few specimens on a decaying elm, Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1884.
— H. W. L.

54. Agaricus (Pleurotus) salignus- Fr.

Abundant on a dead poplar tree, Derryadd, near Lurgan, Co. Armagh,
1882. This appeared for several years on the same trunk. I have not found
it elsewhere. — H. W. L.

55. Agaricus (Pleurotus) acerosus. Fr.

On the shady side of a clay bank in Ardmore Glebe garden, Co. Armagh,

1885. -H. W. L,

56. Agaricus (Pleurotus) applicatus. Batsch.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. Y. ; Killymoon, County
Tyrone, 1884.— H. W. L.

57. Agaricus (Collybia) radicatus. Relh.

In a wood at the Ferry Hill, near Omeath, County Louth, and Lurgan
Demesne, Co. Armagh, 1883 ; Tollymore Park, and Donard Demesne, Co.
Down, 1884. — H. W. L.

Lett — The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

273

58. Agaricus (Collybia) maculatus. A. and S.

Shore of Lough Neagh, at Derryadd, near Lurgan, Co. Armagh, 1883.

Very rare. — H. W. L.

59. Ag-aricus (Collybia) butyraeeus. Bull.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist , Vol. V. Tollymore Park,
Co. Down, 1885.— G. Pirn, and H. W. L,

60. Ag-aricus (Collybia) velutipes. Curt.

On elm, poplar, &c., when felled, Oo. Armagh, 1882; Go. Down, 1884;
Co. Antrim, 1885. Very common and abundant. — H. W. L.

61. Ag-aricus (Collybia) caulicinalis. Bull.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Ardmore, County
Armagh, 1883.— H. W. L.

62. Ag-aricus (Collybia) confluens. P.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Killymoon, County
Tyrone, 1884; Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885. — H. W. L.

63. Ag-aricus (Collybia) dryophilus. Bull.

Wood at the Ferry Hill, near Omeath, Co. Louth, 1883 ; Killymoon, Co.
Tyrone, 1884 ; Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885. — H. W. L.

64. Ag-aricus (Collybia) clavus. Bull.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

65. Ag-aricus (Mycena) pelianthinus. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

66. Ag-aricus (Mycena) elegans. P.

Killymoon, County Tyrone, 1884. — H. W. L.

67. Agaricus (Mycena) purus. P.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Donard Demesne,
County Down, 1885 G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

68. Agaricus (Mycena) lacteus. P.

Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885.— G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

69. Agaricus (Mycena) galericulatus. Scop.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Rademon, Co. Down,

1885.— H. W. L.

274 Lett— The Fungi of the North of Irelana

70. Agaricus (Mycena) alcalinus. Fr.

Tolly more Park, Co. Down, 1885.— G. Pim, and H. W. L.

71. Agaricus (Mycena) tenellus. Schum.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Ai’magh, 1885. — H. Y . L.

72. Agaricus (Mycena) cruentus. Fr.

Shane’s Castle Demesne, Co. Antrim, 1888.— H. W. L.

73. Agaricus (Mycena) epipterygius. Scop.

Donard Demesne, Tollymore Park, and Rademon, County Down, 1885.—

H. W. L.

74. Agaricus (Mycena) pelliculosus. Fr.

Bog at Raughlan, Co. Armagh, 1883.— H. W. L.

75. Agaricus (Mycena) roridus. Fr.

On dead bramble stem, Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, and Rademon, Co.
Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

76. Agaricus (Mycena) stylobates. P.

Abundant in Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885.— G. Pim, and H. W. L.

I

77. Agaricus (Mycena) corticola. Schum.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y. On old elm trees,
Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1883. — H. W. L.

78. Agaricus (Mycena) cohoerens. P.

For the description of this species, see Fries’s Epic., 2nd ed., 1874, p. 137 ;
also Grevillea, Yol.’ I., p. 174. Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist.
Yol. Y.

79. Agaricus (Omphalia) pyxidatus. Bull.

In short grass, Killymoon, County Tyrone, 1884. H. W. L.

80. Agaricus (Omphalia) umbelliferus. L.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y. Common in County
Armagh, and among the Mourne Mountains, Co. Down. Near top of Slieve
Donard, Co. Down, 1883 ; top of Shan Slieve, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

81. Agaricus (Omphalia) stellatus. Sow.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y.

82. Agaricus (Omphalia) griseus. Fr.

Donard Demesne, and Rademon, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

275

Lett — The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

83. Agaricus (Omphalia) fibula. Bull.

Narrow Water Demesne, Co. Down, 1883.— H. W. L.

84. Agaricus (Volvaria) bombyclnus. Schceff.

I found one specimen, in porfect condition, on a fallen, decayed branch,

in Killymoon Demesne, Co. Tyrone, 1884. — H. W. L.

85. Agaricus (Volvaria) speciosus. Fr.

A few were growing by the side of the road in Killymoon Demesne, Co.
Tyrone, B.N.F.C. Excursion, 1884.— H. W. L.

86. Agaricus (Pluteus) cervinus. Schceff.

On the dead stump of a willow tree at Ardmore Globe, County Armagh,

1884.— H. W. L

87. Agaricus (Entoloma) helodes. Fr,

On peaty soil, Ardmore Glebe, County Armagh, and Donard Demesne,
Co. Down, 1884. —H. W. L.

88. Agaricus (Entoloma) ameides. B. and Br.

What Fries calls the “odor peculiaris ” of this plant seems to me to
resemble the smell of phosphorus or damp matches. Tollymore Park, County
Down, 1885.— G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

89. Agaricus (Entoloma) jubatus. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1884. — H. W. L.

90. Agaricus (Entoloma) clypeatus. L.

Near Belfast, Templeton (. Entoloma fertilis), Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y.

91. Agaricus (Entoloma) rlxodopolius. Fr.

Donard Demesne and Tollymore Park, County Down, 1885 G. Pirn, and

H. W. L.

92. Agaricus (Entoloma) sinuatus. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton (Agaricus, Entoloma fertilis, Pers Ann. Nat.
Hist., Vol. V.

93. Agaricus (Entoloma) sericeus. Bidl.

Narrow Water Demesne, Co. Down, and Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagn,

1883. -H. W. L.

9 4. Agaricus (Entoloma) nidorosus. Fr.

Donard Demesne, and Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1885.— G. Pirn, and

H. W. L.

L

276 Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

9 5. Agaricus (Clitopilus) prunulus. Scop.

Shane’s Castle Demesne, Co. Antrim, 1883 — H. W. L.

96. Agaricus (Claudopus) variabilis. P.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y. Maralm, Co. Down,
1884. — C. H. Waddell.

97. Agaricus (Jjeptonia) chalybseus. P.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y.

98. Agaricus (Wolanea) pascuus. P.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann Nat. Hist., Vol. Y.

99. Agaricus (TUolanea) rufo-carneus Berk.

Among heather in a bog at Derryadd, near Lnrgan, Co. Armagh, 1884 ;
Tolly more Park, Co. Down, 1885. -H. W. L.

100. Agaricus (Pholiota) squarrosus. Mull.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann Nat. Hist., Yol. Y. Holywood, Co. Down,
1883— R. L. Praeger. Ardmore, County Armagh, 1883; Tollymore Park, Co.
Down, 1885. — H. W. L.

101. Agaricus (Pholiota) spectabilis. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton (A. aureus , Bull), Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V.
On a felled apple tree, Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1883. H. W. L.

10Z. Agaricus (Pholiota) aureus. Bull.

A plant so named occurs in Dr. Taylor’s List of Templeton’s Fungi, and
may for convenience be placed here. Fries, in his Epicrisis, 2nd edition
1874, p. 317, says of it— “Qui fons nominis A. aurei plane diversa tarn a
nostro A. aureo quam A. spectabili, lamellis angustis albis mox distinctus,
sed affinitatis dubise.”

103. Agaricus (Pholiota) junonius. Fr.

In a decaying willow at Raughlan* Co. Armagh, 1884.— H. W. L.

104. Agaricus (Pholiota) mutabilis. Schceff .

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V.

105. Agaricus (Hebeloma) sinapizans. Fr.

Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884 ; Rademon, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

106. Agaricus (Hebeloma) crustuliniformis. Bull.

Tollymoro Park, Co. Down, 1885.— G. Pim, and H. W. L.

277

Lett — The Fungi of the North of Ireland,

107. Agaricus (Hebeloma) fastibilis. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Ardmore Glebe, Co.
Armagh, 1884,— H. W. L.

108. Agaricus (Hebeloma) flocculentus. Foil.

Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885. — G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

109. Agaricus (Hebeloma) plumosus. Bolt.

Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885.— G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

110. Agaricus (Hebeloma) scaber. Mull.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

111. Agaricus (Hebeloma) fibrosus. Sow.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1884.— H. W. L.

112. Agaricus (Hebeloma) rimosus. Bull.

On summits of the Sallagh Braes, Co. Antrim, and Killymoon, County
Tyrone, 1884. -H. W. L.

113. Agaricus (Hebeloma) geophyllus. Sow.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Donard Demesne,
and Tolly more Park, Co. Down, 1885.— G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

I14- Agaricus (Hebeloma) calamistratus. Fr.

In shady grass by the side of a path in Donard Demesne, Co. Down,
1884.— H. W. L. (See Fries, Epic., 2nd edition, 1874, p. 227.)

115. Agaricus (Flammula) flavidus. Schceff.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

116. Agaricus (Flammula) sapineus. Fr.

Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885.— G. Pirn, and H. W. L

117. Agaricus (Crepidotus) mollis. Schceff.

On decaying wood in Rosstrevor Wood, 1883, and Tollymore Park, Co.

Down, 1884.— H. W. L.

118. Agaricus (Naucoria) escharoides. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1883 ; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884.—

H. W. L.

Agaricus (Galera) tener. Schceff.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Abundant in dungy

278

Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

spots among grass on Lough. Neagh shore, at Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh,
1884. — H. W. L.

120. Agaricus (Galera) hypnorum. Batsch.

In a bog near the Bannfoot, Co. Armagh, 1884 ; Donard Demesne, and
Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

121. Agaricus (Galera) sphagnorum. Pers.

Anglesey Mountain, near Omeath, Co. Louth, 1883 ; Derryinver Bog, Co.
Armagh, 1884. — H. W. L.

122. Agaricus (Psalliota) arvensis. Schaff. '.

Near Belfast, Templeton {A. Georgii), Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y. Ard-
more, Co. Armagh, 1882 ; Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1885.-H. W. L.

123. Agaricus (Psalliota) arvensis var. villaticus. Brand.

Raughlan, and Derryadd, Co. Armagh, 1883.— H. W. L. A specimen

weighing oz., and measuring 8 in. high and 10 in. in diameter, was sent to
mo °by S. A. Stewart, from a wood by the river near Downpatrick, 19tb
August, 1885. (See Fries, Epic., 2nd edition, p. 280.)

124. Agaricus (Psalliota) campestris. L.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y. The Common Meadow
Mushroom is common, and in some cases abundant, all through the North of
Ireland. — H. W. L.

var. pratensis. Vitt.

Raughlan, Co. Armagh, 1885.— H. W. L.
var. silvicola. Vitt.

Derryadd, near Lurgan, Co. Armagh, 1885.— H. W. L.

125. Agaricus (Stropharia) aeruginosus. Curt.

Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, Massereene Park, Co. Antrim, 1884 ; Ardmore
Glebe, Co. Armagh, Donard Demesne, and Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1885.
— H. W. L.

126. Agaricus (Stropharia) semiglobatus. Batscli.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y. Ardmore Glebe, Co.
Armagh, 1883; Rademon, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

127. Agaricus (Hypholoma) sublateritius. Fi .

Abundant on an old stump near the entrance to Killymoon Demesne from
Cookstown, Co. Tyrono, 1884. — H. W. L.

128. Agaricus (Hypholoma) epixanthus. Fr.

In a wood at the Ferry Hill, near Omoath, Co. Louth, 1883.— H. W. L.

279

Lett — The Fungi of the North of Ireland,

129. Agraricus (Hypholoma) fascicularis. Hud.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V. Common and abun-
dant everywhere. Ardmore, Co. Armagh, Maralin, Donard Demesne, Tolly-
more Park, and Rademon, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

130. Agraricus (Hypholoma) fascicularis var. robustior. Pers.
Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1885.— H. W. L. (See Fries, Epic., 2nd ed., p. 292.)

131. Agraricus (Hypholoma) lacrymabundus. Fr.

Rademon, Co. Down, 1885. — H. W. L.

132. Agraricus (Hypholoma) appendlculatus. Bull.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1884; Rademon, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W.L.

133. Agraricus (Psilocybe) foenisecii. P.

Raughlan, 1884, and Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1885.— H. W. L.

134. Agraricus (Panaeolus) separatus. L.

Near Belfast, Templeton (Ag, semiovotus'), Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y.
Shore of Lough Neagh, at Derryadd, near Lurgan, Co. Armagh, 1888 ; Killy -
moon, Co. Tyrone, 1884 ; Slieve Donard, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

135. Agraricus (Panaeolus) fimiputris. Bull'.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1883; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884.—
H. W.L.

136. Agraricus (Psathyrella) hiascens. Fr.

In the garden at Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1884.— H. W. L.

137. Agraricus (Psathyrella) disseminatus. Fr.

hear Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y. Warrenpoint, County
Down, 1883.— H. W. L.

138. Coprinus comatus. Fr.

Ardmore, and Raughlan, Co. Armagh, 1883 ; Drumcro, and Rosstrevor,
Co. Down, Cookstown, Co. Tyrone, 1884 H. W. L.

139. Coprinus ovatus. Fr.

Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884.— II W. L.

140. Coprinus atramentarius. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Derryadd, County
Armagh, 1883; Rademon, Co. Down, 1885,— H, W.L,

280 Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

141. Coprinus fuscesens. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe, Go. Armagh, 1884.— H. W. L.

142. Coprinus picaceus. Fr.

Derryadd, near Lurgan, 1882, and Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1885.
"Very rare. — H. W. L.

143. Coprinus niveus. Fr.

Derrymacash, Co. Armagh, 1885. Rare.— H. W. L.

144. Coprinus micaceus. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V. Ardmore Slebe, Co.
Armagh j Killymoon, Co, Tyrono, 1884 ; Rademon, and Donar o go,
Down, 1885. — H. W. L.

145. Coprinus plicatilis. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, Killymoon, Go. Tyrone, Donard Lodge, Go.
Down, 1884. — H. W. L.

146. Coprinus hemerobius. Fr.

Narrow Water Demesne, Go. Down, in old pasture, 1883. Very rare.—
H. W. L.

147. Bolbitius boltoni. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y.

148. Bolbitius fragilis. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V.

149. Bolbitius tener. B.

Abundant in grass on Rosstrevor Mountain, Co. Down, fiom 900 feet
1500 feet, 1883.— H. W. L.

150. Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) caper atus. Fr.

Shane’s Castle Park, Co. Antrim, 1883. — H. W. L.

151. Cortinarius (Pblegmacium) varius. Fr.

Ardmore Globe, Co. Armagh, 1883. — H. W. L.

152. Cortinarius (Pblegmacium) cyanipes. Fr.

Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885.— G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

153. Cortinarius ’.(Phlegmacium) purpurascens. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, and Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885.-
H. W. L.

Lett — The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

281

154. Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) scaurus. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. Y.

155. Cortinarius (Myxacium) collinitus. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

156. Cortinarius (Xnoloma) callisteus. Fr.

Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885.— G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

157. Cortinarius (Xnoloma) bulliardi. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

158. /Cortinarius (Xnoloma) sublanatus. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat . Hist., Vol. V.

159. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) anomalus. Fr.

Tolly more Park, Co. Down, 1885.— G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

160. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) cinnamoneus. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Donard Demesne,
and Tolly more Park, County Down, 1885 G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

161. Cortinarius’(Telamonia) evernius. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

162. CortinariusKTelamonia^g-entilis. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

163. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) dilutus. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

164. Cortinarius (Hygroeybe) acutus. Fr.

Bank of the Lagan, near Bolfast, Co. Antrim, B.N.F.C. Excursion, July,
1884. — J. J. Andrew, and H. W. L.

165.1 lepistafpersonata. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Tollymore Park,
Co. Down, and in plantation at Glenmore, near Lisburn, Co. Antrim 1885.—

H. W. L.

166. Paxillus involutus. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Raugklan, and Ard-
more Glebe, Co. Armagh, and Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884 ; Rademon, and
Donard Demesne, Co, Down, 1885,— H. W. L.

282 Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland .

167. Hygropliorus eburneus. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, &nn. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y. Tollymore Park, Oo.
Down, 1885. — H. W. L.

168. Hygrophorus pratensis. Fr.

Near the Ross Monument at Rosstrevor, and in Tollymore Park, Co.
Down, 1885. — H. W. L.

169. Hygrophorus virgineus. Fr.

Goragh Wood, Co. Armagh, 1888. Abundant in short grass about New-
castle, Co. Down, 1884.— H. W. L.

170. Hygrophorus nlveus. Fr.

Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885.— G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

171. Hygrophorus ovimis. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( H . compresses, Sow.), Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V.

172. Hygrophorus ceraceus. Fr.

Rosstrevor, 1883, and Donard Demesne, 1884, Co. Down.— H. W. L.

173. Hygrophorus coccineus. Fr.

Noar Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V. Among the sandhills
at Newcastle, and Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

174. Hygrophorus miniatus. Fr.

In grass at 1100 feet on Rosstrevor Mountain, Co. Down, 1883 ; at 2204
feet on Shan Slieve, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

175. Hygrophorus punlceus. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist. Yol. Y.

176. Hygrophorus obrusseus. Fr.

Rosstrevor Wood, Co. Down, 1883 ; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884.-H. W. L.

177. Hygrophorus conicus. Fr.

Ardmore, County Armagh, Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, and sandhills near
Newcastle, Co. Down, 1884. — H. W. L.

178. Hygrophorus chlorophanus. Fr.

Clonallon, Co. Down, 1883 ; Killymoon, Co Tyrone, 1884 ; Tollymore
Park, Co. Dovn, 1885. — H, W. Lt

283

Lett — The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

179. Hygrophorus psittacinus. Fr.

Shane s Castle Park, Co. Antrim, 1883 ; Donard Demesne, County Down

1885.— H. W. L.

180. Gomphidius glutinosus. Fi\

Raugklan, Co. Armagh, 1883. Abundant.— H. W. L.

181. Gomphidius viscidus. Fr.

Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, and Maralin, Co. Down, 1883 C. II. Waddell.

Raughlan, Co. Armagh£ 1884.— H. W. L.

182. Xiactarius tonninosus. Fr.

Shane’s Castle Park, Co. Antrim, 1883 ; Tollymore Park, County Down
1885.— H. W. L.

183. Xiactarius cilicioides. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y.

184:. Xiactarius turpis. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1884

H. W. L.

Rademon, County Down, 1885. —

185. Xiactarius contro versus. Pers.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, under trees in old pasturage, 1884 ; Tolly-
more Park, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

186. Xiactarius zonarius. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y. Tollymore Park Co
Down, 1885.— H. W. L. ’

187. Xiactarius blennius. Fr.

Narrow Water Demesne, Co. Down, and a wood at the Ferry Hill near
Omeath, Co. Louth, 1883 ; Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1885. H. W. L.

188. Xiactarius hysginus. Fr.

Rademon, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

189. Xiactarius piperatus. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe, County Armagh, 1884; Tollymore Park, Co. Down.
1885 — H. W. L. ’

190. Xiactarius vellereus. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1885.— H. W. L.

284 Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

191. lactarius deliciosus. Fr.

Knockbarragh Hill, Co. Down, 1883; Killy moon, County ’ Ty™n®> and
Raughlan, Co. Armagh, 1884 ; Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885.-H. W. xn

192. iiactarius pallidus. Fr.

Killymoon, Go. Tyrone, and Raughlan, Co. Armagh, very large, 1884 ;
Tollymore Park, Go. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

193. Lactarius quietus. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1883; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884 ; Tolly-
more Park, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

194. Lactarius tlieiogalus. Fr.

Knockbarragh Hill, Go. Down, 1888. H. W. L.

195. Iiactarius rufus. Fr.

Killymoon, County Tyrone, and Raughlan, Co. Armagh, 1884 ; Donard
Demesne, Gounty Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

195. Lactarius glyciosmus. Fr.

Raughlan, Co. Armagh, under Scotch firs, 1884.— H. W. L.

197. Lactarius serifluus. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe, Go. Armagh, 1882 ; Shane’s Castle Park, Co. Antnm,
1883; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884; Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885.-
H. W. L.

198. Lactarius volemum. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, abundant, 1883; Rademon, Co. Down
1885. — H. W. L.

19 9. lactarius mitissimus. Fr.

Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1885.-G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

200. lactarius subdulcis. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1883 ; Killymoon, County Tyrone, 1884—
H. W. L.

201. lactarius pargamenus. Sow.

(For description see Fries, Epic., 2nd edition, 1874, p. 430.) Nano
Water Demesne, Co. Down, 1883.— H. W. L.

202. Russula nigricans. Fr.

Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884 ; Rademon, and Tollymore Park, County
Down, 1885. Not common. — H. W. L.

285

Lett — The Fungi of the North of Ireland,

203. Russula adusta. Fr.

Rademon, Co. Down, 1885. — H. W. L.

20ft. Russula drimeia. Cooke.

Raughlan, Co. Armagh, 1884. — H. W. L.

205. Russula virescens. Fr.

Rosstrevor Wood, County Down, abundant, 1883 ; Tollymore Park, Co.
Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

206. Russula rubra. Fr.

Raughlan Island, Co. Armagh, abundant, 1883 ; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone,
1884 ; Rademon, Co. Down, 1885. — H. W. L.

207. Russula heterophylla. Fr.

Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884.— H. W. L.

208. Russula emetica. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y. Raughlan, County
Armagh, 1883 ; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884 ; Tollymore Park, Co. Down,
1885.— H. W. L.

209. Russula fragilis. Fr.

Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885. — G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

210. Russula Integra. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1883 ; Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885. —
H. W. L.

211. Russula alutacea. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

212. Cantharellus cibarius. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Tollymore Park, Co.
Down, 1883.— H. W. L.

213. Cantharellus aurantiacus. Fr.

Narrow Water Demesne, 1883, Tollymore Park, and Donard Demesne,
1885, Co. Down,— H. W. L.

21ft. Cantharellus lobatus. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

286

Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

215. Marasmius urens. Fr.

Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885. — H. W. L.

216. Marasmius peronatus. Fr.

Rademon, Co. Down, 1885. — H. W. L.

217. Marasmius oreades. Fr.

Derrytrasna, Co. Armagh, grass bank along roadside, 1883 ; Newcastle,
Co. Down, abundant among the sandhills, 1885. — H. W. L. £>. A. Stewart
sent me specimens of this collected many years ago by him in the latter
locality.

218. Marasmius erythropus. Fr.

Donard Demesne, Co. Down, abundant in upper part of the wood near the
granite quarry; and Rademon, Co. Down, 1885. — H. W. L.

219. Marasmius rotula. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y. Rosstrevor Wood,
1883 ; and Rademon, 1885, Co. Down.— H. W L.

220. Marasmius androsaceus. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V.

221. Xientinus tigrinus. Fr.

Ram’s Island, Lough Neagh, 1884. Yery rare.— H. W. L.

222. laentinus flabelliformis. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y.

223. Boletus luteus. L.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V. Raughlan, County
Armagh ; Killymoon, County Tyrone ; and Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1884.

— H. W. L.

224. Boletus elegans. Schum.

Top of Knockbarragh Hill, 905 feet, Co. Down, 1883 ; Crawfordsburn, Co.
Down, 1884 ; Tollymore Park, and Donard Demesne, County Down, 1886.
Common. — H. W. L.

225. Boletus flavus. With.

Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1883 ; wood at the Ferry Hill, near Omeath,
Co. Louth, 1883 ; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884 ; Rademon, Co. Down, 1885.
-H. W.L.

287

Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

226. Boletus laricinus. Berk.

Tollymore Park, 1884, and Donard Demesne, 1885, Co. Down. Not com-
mon.— H. W. L.

227. Boletus g-ranulatus. L.

Drumcro, near Maralin, County Down, 1884— C. H. Waddell. Donard
Demesne, Co. Down, 1884 ; Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

228. Boletus bovinus. L.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y. Most abundant in
heathy places in plantations of larch and Scotch fir, in Donard Demesne, and
Tollymore Park, County Down, 1885 H. W. L.

229. Boletus piperatus. Bull.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y.

230. Boletus chrysenteron. Fr.

Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1885.— G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

231. Boletus subtomentosus. L.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y. Tollymore Park, Co
Down, 1885.— G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

232. Boletus variecolor. B. and Br.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1884. Rare.— H. W. L.

233. Boletus pachypus. Fr.

Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884; Rosstrevor Wood, Donard Demesne, and
Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1885. Common.— H. W. L.

234. Boletus edulis. Bull.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y. Raughlan, County
Armagh, 1883 ; Tollymore Park, and Donard Demesne, County Down, 1884 ;
Rademon, Co. Down, 1885. Not common. — H. W. L.

235. Boletus fragrans. Vitt.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1884. Yery rare.— H. W. L.

236. Boletus impolitus. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1883; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884; Tolly-
more Park, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

237. Boletus aestivalis. Fr.

In several plantations about Warrenpoint, Co. Down, 1883.— H. W. L.

288 Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

238. Boletus satanas. Lenz.

Moira Demesne, and Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1884. Rare— H. W. L.

239. Boletus luridus. Fr.

Gillhall.Co. Down, 1888-0. H. Waddell. Ardmore, Co. Armagh 1883 ;
Killymoon, County Tyrone, and Tollymore Park, County Down, 1884. Rare-
H. W. L.

240. Boletus scaber. Fr.

In a plantation near the Vicarage, Warrenpoint, and Rosstrevor Wood,
Co Down, 1883 ; Raughlan, Co. Armagh, 1884 , Donard Demesne, and roily-
more Park, Co. Down, 1885. Rather common— H. W. L.

241. Boletus castaneus. Bull.

Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1885— G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

242. Polyporus brumalis. Fr.

Raughlan Island, Co. Armagh, 1884.-H. W. L.

243. Polyporus lentus. Berk.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

244. Polyporus'perennis. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. Y.
Down, 1885.— G. Pim, and H. W. L.

Tollymore Park, Co.

245. Polyporus squammosus. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist. Vol. V Ardmore Glebe, and
Raughlan, Co. Armagh, 1883; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884.-H. W. L.

246. Polyporus varlus. Fr.

Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1884.— C. H. Waddell.

247. Polyporus giganteus. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V Rosstrevor Wood,
Co. Down, 1883 —0. H. Waddell. Langford Lodge, Co. Antrim, 1883.-

H. W. L.

248. Polyporus sallgnus. Fr.

On a largo willow, Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1884— H. W. L.

249. Polyporus cbloneus. Fr.

Killymoon, County Tyrone, 1884.— H. W. L.

289

Lett — The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

250. Polyporus fumosus. Fr.

On a rotten stump, near the House, Narrow Water Demesne, Oo. Down,

1883.— H. W. L.

251. Polyporus adustus. Fr.

On a gate post, near Derryadd Dispensary, Lurgan, Co. Armagh, 1883.

— H. W. L.

252. Polyporus spumous. Fr.

Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884 ; Tollymore Park, County Down, 1885.—

H. W. L.

253. Polyporus dryadeus. Fr.

Shane’s Castle Park, Co. Antrim; and Tollymore Park, County Down ;

1883. -H. W. L.

254. Polyporus betulinus. Fr.

Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1884; Rademon, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

255. Polyporus pallescens. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Tol. Y.

256. Polyporus fomentarius. Fr.

Lurgan Demesne, Co. Armagh, 1883 ; Loughrey, Co. Tyrone, 1884. —
H. W. L. Portavoe, Co. Down, 1885. — J. B. A. Hughes. Rademon, County
Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

257. Polyporus Iguarius. Fr.

Drumcro, near Maralin ; and Gilhall, County Down ; 1883— C. H. Waddell.
Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1884.— H. W. L.

258. Polyporus fraxineus. Fr.

On the stump of a large ash tree, Killyglen, near Larne, County Antrim,

1884. — H. W. L.

259. Polyporus annosus. Fr.

Bangor, Co. Down, 1836; and Collin Glen, Co. Antrim, 1841.— W. Thomp-
son. Narrow Water, 1883 ; Crawfordsburn, 1883 ; Belvoir Park, 1884 ;
Donard Demesne, and Tollymore Park, 1885. Common in County Down. —

H. W. L.

260. Polyporus radlatus. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. Y. Rademon, County
Down, 1885. Not common. — H. W L.

2 9o Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

261. Polyporus fibula. Fr.

On the inside of the sash of a window, in the “ prophet’s chamber ” of
St. Patrick’s House, Broughshane, Co. Antrim, 1883.— H. W. L.

262. Polyporus velutinus. Fr.

Holywood, Co. Down, 1841.— W. Thompson. Ardmore, Co. Armagh,
1883 ; Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1885— H. W. L.

263. Polyporus versicolor. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y. Cultra, Co. Down,

1835. W. Thompson. Drumcro, near Maralin, County Down, 1883.— C. H.

Waddell. Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1883. Yery common, and variable.—
H. W. L.

264. Polyporus abietinus. Fr.

Rosstrevor Wood, Co. Down, 1883.-0. H. Waddell. Raughlan, County
Armagh, 1884 ; Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1885. — H. W. L.

265. Polyporus ferruginosus. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V.

266. Polyporus violaceus. Fr.

On a dead Scotch fir at Raughlan, Co. Armagh, 1885.— H. W. L.

267. Polyporus purpureus. Fr.

On decayed willow trees ; common throughout the parish of Montiaghs,
or Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1884.— 'H. W. L.

268. Polyporus medulla-panis. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. On the insido of the
wooden cover of a well, Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1883. H. W. L.

269. Polyporus vulgaris. Fr.

Killymoon, County Tyrone, 1884. — H. W. L.

270. Polyporus vaporarius. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1884. — H. W. L.

271. IVIerulius corlum. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

272. Itterulius lacrymans. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. Vt

291

Lett — The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

2,73. Fistulina hepatica. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Tollymore Park, Co.
Down, 1888. Bare.— H. W. L.

274. Hydnum repandum. L.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Wood at the Ferry
Hill, near Omeath, Co. Louth, and Rosstrevor Wood, Co. Down, 1883 ; abun-
dant in Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1884.— H, W. L.

275. Hydnum graveolens. Del.

On an oak stump in Tollymore Park, County Down, 1884. Very rare —

H. W. L.

276. Zrlex otoliquus. Fr.

Warrenpoint, Co. Down, 1883 ; Ardmore Glebe, County Armagh 1884

— H. W. L.

277. Radulum orbicular e. Fr.

Rosstrevor Wood, County Down, on dead hazel, 1883.— C. H. Waddell.

278. x Grandinia granulosa. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1884.— H. W. L.

279. Craterellus cornucopioides. Fr.

Rosstrevor Wood, 1883, and Donard Demesne, 1885, Co. Down.— H. W. L.

280. Craterellus sinuosus. Fr.

Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1884.— H. W. L.

281. Thelephora cristata. Fr.

On beech leaves near the grotto in Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1885

G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

282. Thelephora mollissima. P.

Rademon, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

283. Thelephora laciniata. P.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V.

284. Thelephora caesla. P.

Hillsborough Demesne, County Down, 1883. — H. W. L.

285. Stereum purpureum. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Thelephora purpurea ), Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.
Raughlan, County Armagh, 1884.— H. W. L.

292

Lett-

—The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

286. Stereum hirsutum. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Thelephora hirsute ), Ann. Nat. Hist Vol. V.
Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1882; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone 1884; Maralm,
and Eademon, and Donard Demesne, County Down, 1885.-H. W. u.

287. Stereum sanguinolentum. Fi .

Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885, on stump of larch, and felled Sootch
firs. Not common.— H. W. L.

288. Hymenoclisete rublginosa. Lev.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Thelephora rubiginosa), Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.
Raughlan, Co. Armagh, 1884; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884; Rademon, Co.
Down, 1885. — H W. L.

289. Corticium evolvens. Fr.

Rosstrevor Wood, Co. Down, 1883. H. W. L.

290. Corticium araclmoideum. Berk.

Iiolywood House, Co. Down, 1841. — W. Thompson. Killymoon, County
Tyrone, 1884:. — H. W. L.

291. Corticium leave. Fr.

C ultra, and Bangor, Co. Down, 1S86.-W. Thompson. Caledon Demesne
and Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884; Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1884; Donai
Demesne ; and Tollymore Park, County Down ; 1885.-H. W. L.

292. Corticium velutinum. Fr.

The Oaks, Co. Derry, 1842.— G. Lyle. Stranmillis, near Belfast, 1885.
— S. M. Malcomson. Raughlan, Co. Armagh, 1885.— H. W. L.

293. Corticium coeruleum. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Thelephora ccerulea ), Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol.

294. Corticium calceum. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Thelephora calcea), Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.
Stranmillis, near Belfast, 1884.— S. M. Malcomson.

29 5. Corticium quercinum. P.

On decayed beech, Warrenpoint, Co. Down, 1883.— C. H. Waddell.

296. Corticium nudum. Fr.

Bark of laurel, Sydenham, Co. Down, 1883.-W. H. Patterson. Boss-
trevor Wood, Co. Down, 1883. — H. W. L.

293

Lett — The Fungi of the North of Ireland,

297. Corticium comfluens. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton (Thelephora epidermea, Fej's), Ann. Nat. Hist.,
Vol. V. Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1885. — H. W. L.

298. Corticium comedens. Fr.

On a decayed oak branch, Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1884.— H. W. L.

299. Corticeum lacteum. 0 Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton (Bimantia Candida ), Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V.

300. Sparassis iaminosa.

On the occasion of the first Fungus Foray in Ireland, to Shane’s Castle, Co.
Antrim, 1883, I found an immense Sparassis growing on the stump of an old
oak near the ruins. It resembled a huge cauliflower, and was more plaited than
.S. crispa, as figured in Cooke’s Handbook, and by Berkeley in Intellectual
Observer. If not S. Iaminosa , it comes very near it. — H. W. L.

301. Clavaria fastigiata. D. C.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Clavaria pratensis), Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y.
Rademon, C<5. Down, 1885. — H. W. L.

302. Clavaria coralloides. L.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V. Yery abundant in
Shane’s Castle Park, Co. Antrim, 1883 ; Killymoon, County Tyrone, 1884 ;
Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885. — H. W. L.

303. Clavaria cinerea. Bull.

Very abundant in the woods of Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884. — H. W. L.

304. Clavaria rugosa. Bull.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V. Shane’s Castle
Park, Co. Antrim, abundant, 1883 ; Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1884. —
H. W. L.

305. Clavaria fusiformis. Sow.

Near the waterfall, opposite the Ferry at Narrow Water, on County Louth
side ; and Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh ; 1883. — H. W. L.

306. Clavaria insequalis. Mull.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. Y.

307. Clavaria vermiculata. Scop.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V. Drumcro, near
Maralin, Co. Down, 1884 C. H. Waddell.

294 Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

308. Clavaria fragllis. Holmsk.

glieve Donard, Co. Down, at 1100 feet, 1884 ; Donard Demesne, and
Rademon, Co. Down, 1885. — H. W. xj.

309. Clavaria pistillaris. L.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

310. Clavaria tuberosa. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

311. Clavaria^cornea. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V.

312. Typbula erytbropus. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

313. Pistillaria micans. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1883.— H. W. L.

314. Pistillaria puberula. Berk.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V.

315. Tremella fimbriata. P.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1883.— H. W. L.

316. Tremella foliacea. P.

Near Londonderry, 1883.— G. Y. Craig. Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh,
1883 ; Rademon, Co. Down, 1885. — H. W. L.

317. Tremella mesenterica. Betz.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y. Marahn, Co. Down,
1883.— C. H. Waddell. Ardmore Glebe, County Armagh j Killymoon, County
Tyrone, 1884 ; Rademon, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W.L.

318. Tremella albida. Hud.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Ardmore, County
Armagh, 1883; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, and Rosstrevor Wood, Co. Down,
1884; Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1885. — H. W. L.

319. Tremella intumescens. Sow.

Portavoe, Co. Down, 1884.— J. B. A. Hughes.

Lett — The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

295

320. Hlrneola aurlcula-judae. Berk.

On very old and large elder trees inside the ruins of Maghera Church,
near Newcastle, 1884 ; and Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

321. TCTgematelia encephala. Fr.

On a black alder stump, Raughlan, County Armagh, 1884. Yery rare.—
H. W. L.

322. Dacrymyees stillatus. Nee.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. Y. Ardmore, County
Armagh ; Tollymore Park ; and Donard Demesne, Co. Down ; 1885. Common.

— H. W. L.

323. Phallus impudlcus. Linn.

Castledawson Demesne, Co. Derry.— S. A. Stewart. Near Holy wood, Co.
Down, 1883.— R. L. Praeger. Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1883 ; Tollymore Park ;
and sandhills near Newcastle, Co. Down ; 1885. Not common.— H. W. L.

324. Bovlsta nlgrescens. P.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V. Ardmore Glebe, Co.
Armagh, 1882 ; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1883. Rare.— H. W. L.

325. Bovlsta plumbea. P.

I found one specimen among the sandhills, near Newcastle, Co. Down, in
October, 1884. Rare.— H. W. L.

326. Bycoperdon giganteum. Batsch.

Shane’s Castle Park, Co. Antrim, 1883.-H. W. L. This species is not
common m the district. I heard of a large specimen found near Belfast, in
1884, that was exhibited in a seedsman’s window in that town ; and in Sep-
tember, 1885, one was sent to me weighing 8 lbs., and measuring 3 ft. 10 in.
in girth. It grew in Belvoir Park, Co. Down.

327. Iiycoperdon coelatum. Fr.

.Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y. Rademon, and
Donard Demesne, County Down, 1885.— H. W. L.

328. Iiycoperdon pusillum. Fr.

Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884. Not common.— H. W. L.

329. Iiycoperdon saccatum. Vahl.

— Gleb6’ C0* A^Inash, 1883 ’ Moira Demesiie? Co. Down, 1884.

296

Lett-— The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

330. Jjycoperdon gemmatum. Fr.

Near tbe Ness Waterfall, Co. Derry, 1842.-W . Thompson. Ranghlan, and
Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1888 ; Kademon, Tollymore Park, and Donard Demesne,
County Down, 1885. Common..— H. W. L.

331. tycoperdon pyriforme. Schoeff.

Rosstrevor Wood, Co. Down, 1883; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, and Ardmore
Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1884 ; Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 188o. H. W. .

332. Scleroderma vulgare. Fr.

Narrow Water Demesne, Co. Down, and Shane’s Castle Park County
Antrim, 1888 ; Ardmore, Co. Armagh, Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, and Donard
Demesne, Co. Down, 1885. Common.— H. W. L.

333. Scleroderma toovista. Fr*

Near Belfast, 1884.— J. J. Andrew.

334. I«y cogala epidendrum. Fr.

Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1883.-H. W. L. By the Lagan’s banks, near
Belfast, 1885.— S. M. Malcomson.

335. JEthalium septicum. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y.

336. Spumaria alba. D. G.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. This enrious plant
closely resembles the droppings of some bird lying on moss or grass. Donard
Demesne, Co. Down, 188o. — H. W. L.

337. Didymium furfaceum. Fr.

Killymoon, County Tyrone, 1884.— H. W. L.

338. Bldymium melanopus. Fr.

Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1884.— H. W. L.

339. Physarum clnerum.

Mr. W. B. Grove so named a plant on bark of decayed holly from Ross-
trovor Wood, Co. Down, 1885. H. W. L.

340. Dldymlum physaroides. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

341. Angioridium slnuosum. Grev.

Near Belfast, Templeton, {Physarum sinuosum ), Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V,

297

Lett— ‘The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

342. Craterlum mlnutum. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Maralin, County
Down, 1884.— C. II. Waddell.

343. Stemonitis fusca. Roth.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Warrenpoint Co
Down, 1883.— 0. H. Waddell.

344. Stemonitis typhoides. D. G.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. Y.

345. Stemonitis ovata. P.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y.

346. Dictydlum umbilicatum. Schrad,

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. Y.

347. Arcyria incarnata. P.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. Y. Errigle, County
Cavan, 1884. — T. H. Moorhead. Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1883. H. W. L.

348. Arcyria nutans. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. Y.

349. Trichia chrysosperma. D. C.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

350. Trichia varia. P.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. Y.

351. Trichia serpula. P.

Purdysburn, Co. Down, 1885.— S. M. Malcomson.

352. Perichaena populina. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

353. Iiicea cylindrica. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V.

354. lilcea fragiformis. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

355. Cyathus striatus. Hoffm.

Near Belfast, 1875.— W. Hr Patterson.

298 Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

356. Crucibulum vulgare. Tul.

Near Belfast, Templeton (. Nidularia crucibulum , Pers .), Ann. Nat. Hist.

Vol. V.

357. Spbaerobolus stellatus. Tode.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

353. phoma concentricum. l)esm.

On leaves of Yucca , Raughlan, Co. Armagh, 1884.-H. W. L.

359. Spbaeropsis taxi. Berk.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Sphceria Taxi, Sow.), Ann. Nat,. Hist., Vol. V.

360. Diplodia ilicis. Curr.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Sphceria ilicis, Schleich ), Ann. Nat. is .
Vol. V.

361. Stagonospora pini.

This new species was collected at Raughlan, Co. Armagh,

r i ttt -r firrwa on “ New or Noteworthy

description is given m a paper by VT. B. Giov < sig

Fungi,” in Journal of Botany, 1885 Perithecns epiphyUis, t.ctis
rotundatis, atris ; sporulis pallide luteolis, singulis ya mis, cy
fusoides, utrinque subobtusis, 1 dein 3 septatis, 1 — p x P-

foliiswPini Sylvestris. Hibernia, H. W. Lett, August. ’

362. Septoria castanaecola. Desm.

Warrenpoint Vicarage, 1883 ; Tollymore Park, County Down, 1884.-
H. W. L.

363. Ascocbyta diantbi. Berk.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1883; Warrenpoint, County Down, 188 .

— H. W. L.

364. Asteroma reticulatum. Berk.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1883.— H. W. L.

365. Rabenborstia tiliae. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Sphceria tillioe, Pers.), Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol.V.

366. Discella carbonacea. Fr.

On dead twigs of Golden Willow, in Ardmore Churchyard, Co. Armagh,
1884.- H. W. L.

299

Lett — The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

367. Ceuthospora lauri. Grev.

Desertcreat, Co. Tyrone, 1883.— H. W. L.

368. Melanconium bicolor. Nees.

Raughlan, Co. Armagh, 1884.— H. W. L.

369. Coryneum disciforme. Kze.

Drumcro, near Maralin, County Down, 1883.— C. H. Waddell.

370. Phrag-midium mucronatum. Link.

Near Belfast, Templeton (Aregma mucronatum , P.), Ann. Nat. Hist.,

Vol. V. Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead. Near Strabane, Co.
Tyrone, 1883; Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1884. Common.— H. W. L.

371. Phrag-midium bulbosum. Schl.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Vredo ruborum and Aregma bulbosum ), Ann.

Na,t. Hist., Aol. V. Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884 T. H. Moorhead. Warren-

point, Co. Down ; Ardmore, County Armagh ; 1883. H. W. L.

372. Phrag-midium gracile. Grev.

Collin Glen, Co. Antrim, 1836.— W. Thompson. Errigle, Co. Cavan.— T.
H. Moorhead. Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1883.— H. *W. L.

373., Phrag-midium obtusum. Link.

Uredo spores on Potentilla reptans , near Strabane, 1883 ; and Loughrey
Co. Tyrone, 1884.— H. W. L.

374. Triphrag-miunTulmariae. Link.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884. — T. H. Moorhead. Ardmore, Co. Armagh,
1883 ; banks of the Lagan, near Belfast, Co. Antrim, 1885. — H. W. L.

375. Puccinia graminis. P.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Uredo rubigo ), Ann. Nat. Hist., y0l. Y. Near
Belfast.— W.f Thompson. Errigle, County Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead.
Drumcro, near Maralin, County Down, 1883.— C. H. Waddell. Ardmore,
Co. Armagh, 1883. Common.— H. W. L.

376. Puccinia arundinacea. Hedw.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884. _T. H. Moorhead. On reeds in Closet River,
at Raughlan, County Armagh ; Bog Meadows, near Belfast, 1883.— H. W. L.

377. Puccinia striola. Link.

Balmoral, near Belfast, Co. Antrim, 1885.— S. M. Malcomson.

3oo Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

378. Puccinia coronata. Corda.

Banks of the Lagan, near Belfast, 1884.— J. J. Andrew.

379. Puccinia glechomatis. D. C.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1884. H. W. L.

380. Puccinia mentlise. P .

Near Belfast, Templeton (Uredo labialarum), Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. Y.
Erricrle, Co. Cavan, 1884.-T. H. Moorhead. Drumcro, near Maralm, County
Down, 1883.— C. H. Waddell. Warrenpoint, Co. Down ; and Ardmore, Co,
Armagh ; 1883.— 'H. W . L.

331. Puccinia compositarum. Sch.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884—T. H. Moorhead. Ardmore, Co. Armagh,
1884 ; Banks of the Lagan, near Belfast.— H. W. L.

382. Puccinia glomerata. Grev.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Uredo senecioms), Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V,
Warrenpoint, Co. Down; Ardmore, Co. Armagh ; Bog Meadows, near Belfast,
Co. Antrim ; 1884. — H. W. L.

383. Puccinia variatoilis. Grev.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead. Clandeboy, and Ballylesson,
Co. Down ; Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh ; 1884. H. W. L.

384. Puccinia glomerata. Link.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead.

385. Puccinia umbelliferarum. D. C.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.- T. H. Moorhead. Middletown, Co. Armagh
(on Hydrocotyle).— C. H. Waddell. Ardmore, Co. Armagh ; very abundant
on Sium latifolium ; 1884. — H. W . L.

386. Puccinia aegopodi. Link.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Sphceria aigopodii), Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y.
Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1883.— H. W. L.

387. Puccinia saniculae. Grev.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead.

388. Puccinia smyrnii. Corda.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1883; Crawfordsburn, County Down, 1884.
— H. W. L.

30i

Lett — The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

389. Puccinla anemones. P.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead.

390. Pucclnia violarum. Link.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( XJredo violarum , D. G\), Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. Y.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884. — T. H. Moorhead. Ardmore Glebe, Co, Armagh
1884.— H. W. L.

391. Pucclnia lychnidearum. Link.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead.

392. Puccinla umbilici. Guep.

Near Strabane, County Tyrone, 1883.— H. W. L.

393. Puccinia epilobii. D. C.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

394. Puccinia circese. P.

Shane’s Castle Park, Co. Antrim, 1883. Rare.— H. W. L.

395. Puccinia fabsc. Link.

Warrenpoint, Co. Down, 1883.— H. W. L.

396. Puccinia fallens. Cooke.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( XJredo leguminosarum), Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V.
Warrenpoint, Co. Down ; and Ardmore, County Armagh ; 1883 H. W. L.

397. Pucclnia buxi. D. C.

Wolfhill, near Belfast, 1842. — W. Thompson. Errigle, County Cavan,
1884 — T. H. Moorhead. Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1885.— H. W. L.

398. Puccinia hieracii. Mart.

Crawfordsburn, Co. Down, 1884.-H. W. L. For description see M. C.
Cooke’s “ Micro Fungi,” 4th edit., p. 207.

399. Puccinla aeg-ra. Grove .

Drumcro, nea* Maralin, Co. Down, 1883.— C. H. Waddell. Warrenpoint
Vicarage Garden, 1883. — H. W. L. For description see Journal of Botany.
September, 1883.

400. Puccinia malvacearum. Cor.

See Grevillea, vol. ii. pp. 47 and 137. Carlingford, County Louth, on
mallow ; Ardmore, Co. Armagh, on mallow and hollyhock ; 1883.— H. W. L.

302 Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

401. Gymnosporanglum juniperi. Lie.

I found a specimen of this on grass under fir trees in the Fort Grove,
near Moira Rectory, Co. Down, July, 1884. Rare.— H. W. L.

402. Podisoma juniper!. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Podisoma juniperi -sabince), Ann. Nat. Hist.,
Yol. V. Wolf hill, Belfast, County Antrim, on upright juniper, 1837.— W.
Thompson.

403. Tilietia caries. Tul.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Uredo caries , D. C.), Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V.

404. Ustilago carbo. Till.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Uredo segetum, P.), Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V.
Erriole Co Cayan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead. Drumoro.near Maralin, County
Down, 1883. — 0. H. Waddell. Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1883. Very common
on ears of oats. — H. W. L.

405. Urocystis pompholygodes. Schlecht.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead. Ardmore Glebe, County
Armagh, 1884, on Ranunculus repens and acris. Common.— H. W. L.

406. Uromyces appendiculata. Lev.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead.

407. Uromyces apieulosa. Lev.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead.

408. Uromyces ficariee. Lev.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead.

409. Uromyces intrusa. Lev.

Carr’s Glen, near Belfast, Co. Antrim, 1885.— S. M. Malcomson. Collm
Glen, Co. Antrim, 1882.— H. W. L.

410. Uromyces concentrica. Lev.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884. — T. H. Moorhead. Banks of the Lagan, near
Belfast, Co. Antrim, 1885.— S. M. Malcomson.

411. Coleosporium tusilaginis. Lev.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead. Clonallon, Co. Down ; and
Ardmore, Co. Armagh ; 1883. Very common.— H. W. L.

Lett — The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

303

♦

412. Coleosporium petasites. Lev.

Clonallon, Co. Down, 1883. — H. W. L.

413. Coleosporium sonchi-arvensis. Lev.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884 — T. H. Moorhead. Warrenpoint Vicarage, Co.
Down, 1883.— H. W. L.

414. Coleosporium rhinantheacearum. Lev.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead. Fortwilliam, near Moira,
Co. Down, 1883,— C. H. Waddell.

415. Melamspora sallcina. Lev.

On Salix viminalis , Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1883. — H. W. L.

416. Melamspora betulina. Desm.

Ballyvalley, Co. Down, 1883.— C. H. Waddell.

417. Melamspora euphorbiae. Cast.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884. — T. H. Moorhead. Near Newcastle, Co. Down,
1884.— H. W. L.

418. Cystopus candidus. Lev.

Near Belfast, Templeton (U redo Candida , P), Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.
Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884. — T. H. Moorhead. Wai*renpoint, Co. Down ; Ard-
more, Co. Armagh; 1883. Very common.— H. W. L.

419. Uredo potentillarum. D. C.

Errigle, Co Cavan, 1884. — T. H. Moorhead. Loughrey, Co. Tyrone ; side
of the Lagan, near Belfast, on “Barren Strawberry” {Potentilla fragarias-
trum ) ; 1885.— H. W. L.

420. Uredo hypericorum. J). C.

Donard Demesne, Co. Down, 1885 G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

421. Uredo vacciniorum. P.

Slieve Donard, Co. Down, 1883.— H. W. L.

422. Uredo blfrons. Grev.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead.

423. Trichobasis petroselini. B.

Abundant on Smyrnium olusatri. at Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1884.
— H. W, If.

304 Lett-— The Fungi of the North of Ireland,

424. Tricbobasis suaveolens. Lev.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.-T. H. Moorhead. Bank of the Lagan, near Bel-
fast, 1885.— S. M. Malcomson. Analoist, Co. Armagh; and Warrenpoint, Co.
Down ; 1883. Common. — H. W. L.

425. Tricbobasis rumicum. D. C.

For description see M. C. Cooke’s “Rust, Smut, and Mildew,” 4th edit,
p. 225. Near Belfast, 1884.— J. J. Andrew.

426. Iiecythea lini. Lev.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Uredo Uni, D. C .), Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V.
Shore of Lough Neagh, at Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1883.— H. W. L.

427. Raestelia lacerata. Tul.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead. Derryloist, Co. Armagh,
1884. -H. W. L.

428. JEcidium epilobii. L). C.

Banks of the Lagan, near Belfast, 1885.-S. M. Malcomson.

429. iEcidium euphorbiae. P.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1884.— H. W. L.

430. iEcidium berberidis. P.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead.

431. JEcidium crassum var. periclymeni. D. G.

Errigle, Co, Cavan, 1884— T. H. Moorhead. Near Shaw’s Bridge, on
the Lagan, Co. Antrim, 1885.— S. M. Malcomson.

432. iEcidium ranunculacearum. L>. C.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead. Ardmore, Co. Armagh ;
Balmoral, near Belfast, Co. Antrim, 1883. Common.— H. W. L.

433. .Scidium grossulariae. D. C.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y. Errigle, County
Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead. Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1882. Very
common. — H. W. L.

434. JEcidium urticse. D. C.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead. Ardmore, Co. Armagh,
1885. Not compaon. — H. W. L.

Lett — The Fungi of the North of Ireland. 305

435. JEcidium taraxaci. K. et Schn.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884. — T. H. Moorhead. Near Belfast, 1884. — J. J.
Andrew. Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1884. — H. W. L.

436. JEcidium compositarum var. tussilaginis. P.

Ardmore, Co. Armagh ; Ormeau, and Newcastle, County Down ; 1885. —

H.W. L.

437. JEcidium compositarum var. jacobeae. Grev.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884. — T, H. Moorhead. Near Belfast, 1884. —
J. J. Andrew.

438. JEcidium primulee. D. C.

By the side of the Lagan, near Belfast, 1885. — S. M. Malcomson.

439. JEcidium rubellum. P.

Banks of the Lagan, near Belfast, 1884.— J. J. Andrew.

440. JEcidium ari. Berk.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead.

441. JEcidium allii. Grev.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead.

442. Ceratium hydnoides. A. and S.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. Y.

443. Stilbum bicolor. F.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y.

444. Stilbum vul?are. Tode.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V.

445. Mystrosporium stemphylium. Corda.

On ripe seed vessels of garden Wallflower, Warrenpoint Yicarage, County
Down, 1883. (The fig. in Cooke’s Handbook, p. 578, does not appear to belong
to this species.) — H. W. L.

446. Cladosporium herbarum. Lk.

On dead cabbage loaf, Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1884. — H. W. L.

306 Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland .

447. Cladosporium compactum. Sacc.

Mr W. B. Grove considers some specimens on ripe garden pea pods, fiom
Warrenpoint Vicarage, Go. Down, 1883, are to be referred to this species.-
H. W. L.

448. Aspergillus glaucus. LTc.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Common everywhere
on decaying bread, cheese, jam, &c. H. W. L.

449. Aspergillus candidus. Lk.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead. Ardmore Glebe, County
Armagh, 1883. On berries of Tarnus communis , old kid gloves, and fruit
stones, 1884. — H. W. L.

450. Peronospora infestans. Mont.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.-T. H. Moorhead. Common everywhere; in
some seasons much later than others in making its appearance on the potato
crop, as in 1885. — H. W . L.

451. Peronospora nivea. Unq.

On hogweed ( JUgopodium podagra ), Warrenpoint, Co. Down, 1883.-
H. W. L.

452. Peronospora gangliformis. Berk.

On groundsel leaves, Warrenpoint, Co. Down, 1883.— H. W. L.

453. Peronospora Candida. Fekl.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1884.— H. W. L.

454. Polyactis cana. Berk.

On a dead strawberry leaf, Ardmore Glebe Garden, Co. Armagh, 1884.
H. W. L.

455. Polyactis vera. Berk.

Near Belfast, Templeton (. Botrytis vera. Fr.), Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol.V.

456. Stysanus stemonitis. Corda.

Tollymore Park, County Down, 1885.— G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

457. Monilia racemosa. Purt.

Near Belfast, Templeton, AnD. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

307

Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

458. Sepedonium chrysospermum, Lk.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Strachylidium diffusuvi. Fr.), Ann.;Nat, Hist.
Vol. Y. On decaying Boleti, especially Boletus pachypus, Gilhall,Co. Down,

1883. — 0. H. Waddell. Donard Demesne, and Tollymore Park, County Down,

1884. Common. — H. W. L.

459. XVXucor mucedo. L.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V. On paste, jam, &c.
Very common everywhere. — H. W. L.

460. Mucor caninus. P.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann, Nat. Hist., Vol. Y.

461. Mucor amethysteus. Berk.

Ardmore, Co. Armagh, on rotting pears, 1883.— H. W. L.

462. Pilobolus crystallinus. Tode.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

463. Onyg-ena equina. P.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

464. Microsphaeria berberidis. Lev.

Finnebrogue, Co. Down, 1885, on barberry leaves.— H. W. L.

465. Microsphaeria grossulariae. Lev.

Drumcro, near Maralin, County Down, 1883.— C. H. Waddell. Ardmore
Glebe, Co. Armagh, very abundant in autumn of 1885.— H. W. L.

466. Erysiphe martii. Lk.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead. Ardmore, Co. Armagh,
and Warrenpoint, County Down, 1883.— H. W. L.

467. Erysiphe montagnei. Lev.

Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1884, on burdock ( Arctium lappa ) leaves.— H. W. L.

468. Eurotium herbariorum. Lk.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Ardmore, County
Armagh, 1882. Common.— H. W. L.

469. Helvetia crispa. Fr.

Drumcro, near Maralin, County Down, 1883.— C. H. Waddell. Ardmore
Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1883.— H, W. L.

3o8 Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

470. Helvella lacunosa. Afz.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. Y.

471. Mitrula paludosa. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Slieve Dan.rd.Oo.
Down 1885. -S. M. Malcomson. Mountain near Hilltown, o. own,
on dead heather ( Colluna vulgaris) in water.-H. W. H.

472. leotia lubrica. P.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V.

473. Geoglossum glabrum. P.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

474. Peziza venosa. P. w T

On a gravelled walk, Ardmore Glebe, Oo. Armagh, 1884.— .

475. Peziza badia. P •

Warrenpoint Vicarage, Co. Down. 1883 Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884-
H. W. L.

476. Peziza cochleata. Buds.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

477. Peziza leporina. Batscli.

Killymoon, Connty Tyrone, 1884. Very rare.-H. W L

478. Peziza aurantia. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

479. Peziza vesiculosa. Bull.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V.

480. Peziza humosa. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

481. Peziza granulata. Bull.

Drnmcro, near Maralin, Connty Down, 1883.-C. H. Waddelh KiUy-
moon, Co. Tyrone ; Ardmore, Co. Armagh ; Ormean Park, Co. Down , 1884.
Very common. — H. W. L.

309

Lett — The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

482. Pezlza coccinea. Jacq.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. This is mentioned

in Harris’s Down as having been found at Kilwarlin, near Hillsborough.
Ardmore Glebe Garden, Go. Armagh, 1884. Rare. — H. W. L.

483. Peziza brunnea. A. and S.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V. Banks of the Lagan,
near Belfast, 1885. — S. M. Malcomson.

484. Pezlza trechispora. B. and Br.

Near Ardmore Church, Co. Armagh, 1885. Not common. — H. W. L.

485. Peziza scutellata. L.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

486. Pezlza stercorea. P.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Ardmore, Co. Armagh,
1884.— H. W. L.

487. Peziza virginea. Batsch.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Ardmore, County
Armagh, on dead twigs of lime tree, 1884. — H. W. L.

488. Peziza nivea. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

489. Peziza calycina. Schum.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Warrenpoint, Co.
Down, 1883, on a fir tree. — H. W. L.

490. Peziza papillaris. Bull.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Peziza papillata. P.), Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

491. Peziza villosa. P.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

492. Peziza inflexa. Bolt.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

493. Peziza cinerea. Batsch .

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V. Sallagh Braes, near
Larne, Co. Antrim, 1884, on rotten wood. — H. W. L.

3 io Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

494, Peziza fusaroides. Berk.

Near Belfast, Templeton (Fusarium tremelloides. Grev.), Ann. Nat. Hist.

Vol. V.

495. Helotium aeruginosum. Fr.

Shane’s Castle Park, County Antrim, 1883; Killymoon Co. Tyrone,
and Rosstrevor Wood, County Down, 1884 ; Tollymore Par ,

1885. The stained wood is common; while the fully develope

rare, except in the last locality, where I found it in abundance, October, 1885—

H. W. L.

496. Helotium calyculus. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

497. Helotium citrinum. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Peziza citrina. Hedw.), Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

498. Helotium lenticulare. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton (. Peziza lenticularis. Bull), Ann. Nat. His,,

Vol. V.

499. Helotium rluzophilum. Fckl.

By the side of the Bloody Burn, Slieve Donard, Co. Down, 1885.-H. W. L.

500. Helotium aciculare. v

Near Belfast, Templeton (. Peziza acicularis. Bull), Ann. Nat. Hist., Vo . .

501. Patellaria atrata. Fr.

Lurgan Demesne, and Ardmore Glebe,
Co. Tyrone, 1884. Common.— H. W. L.

Co. Armagh, 1883 ; Killymoon,

502. Patellaria lecideola. Fr.

Sallagh Braes, near Larne, Co. Antrim, 1884.— H. W. L.

503. Ascobolus furfaceus. P •

Ardmore, Co. Armagh; Killymoon, County Tyrone, 1884. Common.

H. W. L.

804. Bulgaria inquinans. Fr.

Lurgan Demesne, Co. Armagh, 1883; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884.

Abundant. — H. W. L.

Lett— The Fungi of the North of Ireland. 3 1 1

505. Bulgaria sarcoides. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton (Tremella sarcoides. With.), Ann. Nat. Hist.,
Vol. Y. Greyabbey, County Down, 1883.— R. L. Praeger. Narrow Water
Demesne, 1883 ; Rademon, and Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1885.—H. W. L.

506. Elaphomyces variegatus. Vitt.

Donard Demesne, Co. Down, under beech trees near the Spa Cottage
1885.— H. W. L. 8 ’

507. Elaphomyces granulatus. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. Y.

508. Phacidium coronatum. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist , Yol. V.

509. Phacidium ilicis. Fr.

Warrenpoint and Rosstrevor, Co. Down, 1883 ; Ardmore, Co. Armagh
1883. Common. — H. W L.

510. Heterosphaeria patella. Grev.

Loughrey, Co. Tyrone, 1884; Sallagh Braes, near Larne, County Antrim
1884; Ardmore, County Armagh, 1884.— H. W. L.

511. Rhytisraa acerinum. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Hist., Vol. V. Ardmore, Co. Armagh ;
Killymoon, Co. Tyrone ; Maralin, Warrenpoint, Donard Demesne, and Tolly-
more Park, Co. Down, 1883. Very common and abundant wherever there are
sycamore trees. — H. W. L.

51Z. Hysterium pulicare. P.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

513. Hysterium fraxini. P.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist Vol. V. Killymoon, County
lyrone, on ash twigs, 1884.— H. W. L.

514. Hysterium iHypoderma) virgultorum. D. C.

Near Belfast, Templeton (. Hysterium rubi. P.), Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V.

515. Hysterium (Hypoderma) hederse. De Fot.

Arm!!ha?snaraeM Tar C°' Antri“. 1884 1 Ardmore Glebe, County

Armagh, 1885. Not common. — H. W. L.

3 1 2 Lett— The Fungi of the N orth of Ireland*

516. Hysterium (Hypoderma) conigenum. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

517. Hysterium CLopliodermium) pinastri. Schratd.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist , Vol. V.

518. Hysterium (lophodermium) juniperinum. D .

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

519. Stegia ilicis. ,

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.-T. H. Moorhead Ardmore, Co. Annagh
1882; Warrenpoint, Co. Down, 1883; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884, Donard
Demesne, and Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1884.— H. W,L.

520. Trochlla lauro-cerasl. Fr.

Desertcreat, Co. Tyrone, 1883; Tollymore Park, Connty Down, 1884.

fl. w. L.

521. Trochila buxi. Capron.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh. I have found this only on dead leaves that
have not fallen. — H. W. L.

522. Trocbila craterium. Fr.

Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1885.— H. W. L.

523. Torrubia militaris. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton (Spharia militaris. Fl. Dan.), Ann. Nat. is.,
Vol. V. Near Clonallon Church, Co. Down, 1883.— H. W. L.

524. Epicbloe typbina. Berk.

Near Belfast, Templeton (Vothidea typhina. P.), Ann. Nat. Hist., o .

The Oaks, Co. Derry, 1842, _G. Lyle. Ardmore, County Armagh, 1883-

H. W. L.

525. Hypocrea farinosa. B.and Br.

Killymoon, County Tyrone, 1884.— H. \V. L.

526. Hypomyces aurantia. dul.

Near Belfast, Templeton (Spharia aurantia. P.), Ann. Nat. Hist., Vo .

527. Nectria cinnabarina. Fr. „

Near Belfast, Templeton (Spharia fragiformis), Ann. Nat- Hist, Vo •

warrenpoint, and Ormean, Co. Down; Ardmore Glebe Co Armagh , Killy
moon, Co. Tyrone, 188t Very common every where—H. W. U.

Lett — The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

313

528. Wectria coccinea. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V. Cave Hill, County
Antrim, 1843. — W. Thompson. Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884 T. H. Moorhead.

529. Nectria cucurbitula. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1884. — H. W. L.

530. Wectria slnopica. Fr.

Rosstrevor Wood, Co. Down, 1883 ; Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1883.

— H. W. L.

531. Nectria aquifolia. Berlc.

Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1885.— G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

532. Xylaria corniformis. Mont.

Crawfordsburn, 1884 ; Tollymore Park, 1885 ; County Down.— H. W. L.

533. Xylaria hypoxylon. Grev.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist. Yol. Y. Waringstown, Ross-
trevor Wood, Maralin, Narrow Water Demesne, Rademon, Tollymore Park,
Co. Down ; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884. Very common everywhere. —

H. W. L.

534. Xylaria carpophila. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Sphceria carpophila. P.), Ann. Nat. Hist,, Vol. Y.

535. Ustulina vulgaris. Tul.

Falls, Belfast, on a dead Willow , 1842. _W. Thompson. Ram’s Island,
Lough Neagh, Co. Antrim ; Raughlan, County Armagh ; 1884.— H. W. L.

536. Hypoxylon coccineum. Bull.

Florence Court, Co. Fermanagh, 1840. — W. Thompson. Donard Demesne,
and Tollymore Park, Co. Down, 1885.— G. Pirn and H. W. L.

537. Hypoxylon coliaerens. Fr.

Tollymore Park, County Down, 1885.— G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

538. Hypoxylon fuscum. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Sphceria fusca. P.), Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. Y.
Collin Glen, County Antrim, 1844. — W. Thompson. Ardmore Glebe, and
Raughlan, Co. Armagh, 1885. — H. W. L.

539. Hypoxylon rubiginosum. Fr.

Tollymore Park, County Down, 1 885.— G. Pirn, and H. W. L.

540. Hypoxylon atropurpureum. Fr.

Bangor, Co. Down, 1835. — W. Thompson.

3i4 Lett—The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

541. Hypoxylon serpens. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Sphceria serpens. P.), Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

542. Eutypa lata. Tul.

Ardmore Glebe, Oo. Armagh, 1885.— H. W. L.

543. Eutypa flavo-virens. Tul.

Near Belfast, Templeton {, Sphceria flavor irens. Hoffm.) Ann. Nat.
Hist., Yol. Y.

544. Dotliidea ulmi. Fr.

Ardmore, Oo. Armagh, on fading leaves of Elm. Very common, 1883. -
H. W. L.

545. Dotliidea filicina. Fr.

Raughlan, Co. Armagh, 1883. — H. W. L.

546. Diatrype quercina. Tul.

Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1883 ; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884.— H. W. L.

547. Diatrype verrucseformis. Fr.

Ranghlan, and Ardmore, Co. Armagh ; Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, 1884.—
H. W. L.

548. Diatrype stigma. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Sphceria stigma. Hoffm.), Ann. Nat. Hist.,
Vol. Y.

549. Diatrype disciformis. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Sphceria disciformis. Hoffm.), Ann. Nat. Hist.,
Yol Y Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884.— T. H. Moorhead. Ardmore, Co.
Armagh, 1884. Drumcro, near Maralin, and Tollymore Park, Co. Down,
1885.— H. W. L.

550. Diatrype bullata. F\.

Drumcro, near Maralin, County Down, 1883 — C. H. Waddell. Killy-
moon, County Tyrone, 1884. — H. W. L.

551. Diatrype strumella. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe garden, Co. Armagh, 1884 — H. W. L.

552. Diatrype nucleata. Carr.

Ardmore Glebe garden, Co. Armagh, 1884.— H. W. L.

553. Diatrype ferruginea. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1883. H. W. L.

315

Lett — The Fungi of the North of Ireland.

554. IHelanconis lanciformis. Tul.

Near Belfast, Templeton [Sphceria lanciformis , Fr.), Ann, Nat. Hist.

Yol. V. *’

555. Valsa stellulata. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1885. — H. W. L.

556. Valsa leucostoma. Fr.

Ardmore Glebe, County Armagh, 1885, on dead twigs of Cotoneaster

H. W. L.

557. Valsa salicina. Fr.

In a garden, at 2, Collin View Terrace, Lisburn Road, Belfast, on dead
twigs of Willow , 1884.— H. W. L.

558. Valsa leiphemia. Fr,

Rosstrevor Wood, Co. Down, 1883.— H. W. L.

559. Cucurbitaria laburni. De Not.

Silverwood, near Lurgan, Co. Armagh ; several large Laburnums dead,
and one mass of this fungus, which attacks only old trees ; 1885. — H. W. L.

560. Cucurbitaria elongata. Grev.

Desertcreat, Co. Tyrone, 1884, on dead Laburnum.— Li. W. L.

561. Gibbera vaeemii. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Sphceria vaccinii. Sow.), Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. V.

562. IVZassaria pupula. Tul.

Ardmore, Co. Armagh, on a wooden gate post, December, 1883. — H. W. L.

563. Sphceria aquila. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Sphceria byssiseda. Tode), Ann. Nat. Hist.,
Yol. V.

564. Sphceria phceostroma. Mont.

Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1884. — H. W. L.

565. Sphceria spermioides. Hoffm.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

566. Sphceria moriformis. Tode.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y.

567. Sphceria mammeeformis. P.

Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1884, on rotten Ivy sticks. — H. W. L.

3 1 6 Lett — The Fungi of the North of Ireland .

568. Spliseria pulvis-pyrius. P.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y.

569. Spheeria scirpicola. D. C.

On dead Scirpus lacustris, floating in Lough Neagh, at Raughlan, Oo.
Armagh, November, 1883. — H. W. L.

5 70. Sphseria ocellata B. and Br.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol. Y.

571. Sphseria hertoarumi P»

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Gladosporium herbarum. Lk.), Ann. Nat. Hist.,
Yol. Y. Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1884.— H. W. L.

572. Sphseria acuta. Moug.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. Y.

573. Spliseria pinodes. B. and Blox.

Ardmore Glebe, Co. Armagh, 1884 — H. W. L.

574. Spliseria gnomon. Tode.

Near Belfast, Templeton, Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

575. Sphaerella maculseformis. Cooke.

Ardmore, Co. Armagh, 1884. — H. W. L.

576. Sphserella punetiformis. B.

Near Belfast, Templeton {S phceria punetiformis ), Ann. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.

577. spliserella latebrosa. Cooke.

Ardmore, County Armagh, 1884, on -withered Sycamore leaf.-H. W. L.

578. Sphserella osruthii. Fr.

Errigle, Co. Cavan, 1884 — T. H. Moorhead.

579. Stigmatea geranii. Fr.

Near Belfast, Templeton ( Dolhidea geranii. Fr.), Ann. Nat. Hist., Yol, Y.

580. IDiclisena strobilina» Fr.

Raughlan, Co. Armagh, 1884.— H. W. L.

581. Capnodium citri.

Waringatown, Co. Down, on Camellia leaves in a greenhouse, 1883.-
H. W. L.

( Proceedings Belfast Naturalists' Field Club. — Appendix 1885-1886.)

FORAMINIFERA OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB’S
CRUISE OFF BELFAST LOUGH,

IN THE STEAM-TUG “ PROTECTOR,” JUNE, 1885;

ALSO, FORAMINIFERA FOUND BY DR. MALCOMSON, AT ROCKPORT,
BELFAST LOUGH.

BY JOSEPH WRIGHT, F.G.S.

Wc N the summer of this year (1885) the members of the Belfast Naturalists’
vjk Field Club engaged the “Protector” for a day’s dredging off Belfast
'Oy Lough. During the cruise a number of dredgings were taken, and
materials from the following four places were carefully put aside for future
examination, viz. : —

No. 1.— Two miles S. (by compass) of Maiden Lighthouses ; sand and shells ;
60 fathoms.

No. 2.— Five miles S.S.E. (by compass) of Maiden Lighthouses ; mud, stones,
and dead shells ; 60 fathoms.

No. 3 — Four miles E. (by compass) of Gobbins ; mud, stones, and dead
shells ; 60 fathoms.

No. 4.— -Six miles S.S.E. (by compass) of Black Head ; sand and shells; 30
fathoms.

The object of the present communication is to give a list of the Forami-
nifera found in these gatherings.

A few years ago this part of our coast had, on several occasions, been
dredged by Mr. William Swanston, F.G.S., and myself, and a list of the Fora-
minifera found was given in an appendix to the Club’s Report, 1875. This,

31 8 Wright— For aminif era of Down and Antrim.

no doubt, is the reason why so few additions to the Foraminifera of our
North-East Coast were obtained from the “Protector” gatherings. . S. M.
Malcomson, M.D., had also made a most exhaustive search for Foraminifera
in shore sand and rock pools in the vicinity of Rockport, Belfast Lough. At
this place he found 87 different species, two of them— viz., Spiroplecta
biformis and Placopsilina cenomana — being new to Britain. At my request,
Dr. Malcomson very kindly furnished me with a list of the species which ha
had found, and also their relative abundance. I have given the record of his
discoveries in Column 5 of the table of geographical distribution.

For the sake of completeness, I have given in the last column a list of the
Foraminifera recorded in my former paper ( loc . cit.)* and at the end of the
table the names of three species which had not been met with in either the
“Protector” gatherings or at Rockport. The present list, therefore, com-
prises all the species that are now known from this part of our coast, f

In conclusion, I have to thank Mr. H. B. Brady, F.R.S., for his kind
help and advice in the identification of some of the critical species. I am also
much indebted to S. M. Malcomson, M.D., for the very accurate and artistic
drawings which accompany this memoir.

* Recent Foraminifera of Down and [Antrim, Proceedings Belfast Naturalists’ Field
Club, app. 1876-7.

+ Of late years our increased knowledge of Foraminifera has necessitated many
changes both in the names of the genera and species, and, in consequence of these altera-
tions, a number of the species given in my paper on Foraminifera of Down and Antrim
(1876-7) are now known by other names. The following is a list of the species which
have been so altered, the names by which they had been recorded being given in italics.

I have not , however, thought it necessary to note any changes which may have been made
in the generic names, as such will be sufficiently obvious to the reader.

Comuspira involvens, Rs. — Cornuspira foliacea, Phil.

Haplophragmium pseudo spirale, Will .—Lituola nautiloidea, Lamk.

Bolivina dilatata, Rs.= Textularia pygmcea, d’Orb.

Lagena lineata, Will .^Lagena caudata , d’Orb.

Lagena aspera, Rss. =* Lagena hispida, Rss.

Lagena hispida, Rss .—Lagena Jeffrey di, Brady.

Lagena laevigata, Rss .=Lagena lucida, Will.

Lagena lagenoides, Will .^Lagena yrnata, Will.

Marginulina costata, Ba,tsch.= Dent atina, obliquestriata , Rss.

Polymorphic gibba, d’Orb., fistulose form ^.Polymorphina Orbignyi , Zbor.

Gypsina versicularis, P. and J .=Tinoporus Isevis , P. and J.

Gypsina inhserens, Schultze. = Tinoporus lucidus , Brady MS.

The following names have been excluded from the present memoir, as they are not
now considered good species, viz. Biloculina elongata, d’Orb; Spiroloculina canalieu-
lata d’Orb. ; Triloculina Brongniartii, d’Orb. ; Lagena Lyellii, Seg.; Lagena tngono-margi-
nata P. and J.; Lagena oblonga, Seg.; Dentalina guttifera, d’Orb.; Textularia vanabilis,
Will • and Discorbina ochracea, Will. I have also thought it best to omit the following,
as the’ specimens found were not typical, and, in consequence, their identification not as
reliable as could have been wished, viz. :-Miliolina agglutinans, d’Orb.; Textularia
trochus, d’Orb. ; Lagena distoma, P. and J. ; Lagena gracillima, Seg. ; and Nodosaria
raphanus, Linn.

Wright— For aminif era of Down and Antrim. 3 1 9

The following notes in reference to some of the species found may be of
interest : —

XVXlllollna insignis, Brady. (PI. xxvi. fig. 4, a, b.)

Miliolina insignis, Brady, 1882, Rep. Foram. H.M.S. Challenger p 165
pi. 4, figs. 8-10. *

This species, in contour, resembles Miliolina trigonula, but differs from
it in the surface of the shell being marked by closely set, regular, longitudinal
costae. Only two specimens were obtained. They were from gatherings
taken a few miles apart. The size is small, and the surface ornamentation
consists of faint longitudinal lines. New to Britain.

IVSiliollna subrotunda, Montagu, sp. var. (PI. xxvi. fig. 5, a, bi)

Vermicidum subrotundum, Montagu, 1803, Test. Brit., part 2, p. 521.

This variety differs from the typical Miliolina subrotunda in having the
peripheral edgo ornamented with somewhat irregular, oblique costze. Fre-
quent in shallow water gatherings.

Kyperammlna arborescens, Norman , sp. (PI. xxvi. fig. 1.)

Psammatodendron arborescens (Norman MS.), Brady, 1881, Deukschr. d.
K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. xliii., p. 98, No. 13.

Mr. Brady* thus refers to this species : — “ This interesting form was dis-
covered by the Rev. A. M. Norman growing on a polyzoan ( Menipea ternata ),
dredged during the cruise of the “Valorous ” off Holstenborg, Greenland, at
the depth of 20 fathoms, and the name Psammatodendron arborescens was first
assigned to it. The original specimen figured in Plate XXVIII. was most
kindly lent to me by Mr. Norman when it was the only known example that
was even approximately perfect. Quite recently, however, the species has
been found in some abundance by Mr. David Robertson, off Cumbrae, on the
west coast of Scotland.” A few years ago I found a fragment of it in sand
which had been dredged by Mr. James Wright off Portrush, County Antrim.
Three other localities, given in the “Challenger” Report, complete the list

of places where the species has been found. Mr. Brady, however, adds “It

is not improbable that when it is sought for it may turn out a very common
species.” It has been found in the four “ Protector ” gatherings, and was
abundant in two of them.

Ammodlscus Shoneanus. Siddall, sp.

Trochammina Shoneana, Siddall, 1878, Proc. Chester Soc. Nat. Sci., part 2
p. 46, figs. 1, 2.

This species has been found at only a few places, and, excepting at Rock-
port, where a good many specimens were gathered, is very rare where it
occurs. It was first found in the Dee (Siddall), afterwards at Rockport,
Belfast Lough (Malcomson), Killybegs Harbour, Donegal (Wright), Dublin Bay
* Report Forams. H.M.S. Challenger, p. 262.

320 Wright— For aminif era of Down and Antrim.

(Balk will and Wright). It has also been recorded from two of the “ Challen-
ger ” o-atherings— viz., off Christmas Harbour, Kerguelin Island, 120 fathoms,
and Station 238, in the very deepest part of the Pacific, 3950 fathoms * It is
indeed remarkable that a species which, in this climate, has been only met
with in shallow water and shore gatherings should, in the North Pacific, occur
at such a great depth.

Placopsilina cenomana, D'Orbigny. (Pl. xxvi. fig. 3, a, b.)

Placopsilina cenoviana, d’Orbigny, 1850, Prodr. Paleont., Vol. II., p. 185,
No. 758.

One large specimen of this rare species was found by Dr. Malcomson at
Rockport, between tides. The specimen figured is the only example which
has been obtained in Britain.

Verneuilina polystropha, Reuss,sp. (Dimorphous form. PI. xxvi. fig. 2.)
Bulimina polystropha, Reuss, 1845, Yerstein. Bbhm. Kreid., part 2,
p. 109, pl. 22, fig. 53.

This species is of frequent occurrence around our coast. An abnormal
form, in which the later chambers are arranged in a linear series, with a
simple round aperture, is occasionally met with in shallow water gatherings.
Mr. Brady considers it a dimorphous form of Verneuilina polystropha.

Spiroplecta biformis, Parker and Jones, sp.

Textularia agglutinans var. biformis, Parker and Jones, 1864, Phil.

Trans., Yol. civ., p. 370, pl. 15, figs. 23, 24.

A few years ago this species was found for the first time in British watei
by Dr. Malcomson, who obtained several good typical specimens at Rockport. f
A few specimens have since been found in Dublin Bay (Balkwill and Wright).

Lagena semilineata, Nov. sp. (Pl. xxvi. fig. 7.)

Test flask-shaped, with a long, ectosolenian neck, the lower extremity
furnished with a short projecting neck ; upper portion of the body of the shel
usually smooth ; lower portion ornamented with very numerous, closely-set,
longitudinal sulci ; neck marked with longitudinal lines, which occasionally

extend a little way down the shell. . .

This very elegant form may be readily distinguished from L. semistnata
by the ornament on the lower portion being closely-set, longitudinal sulci,
instead of the strong costate ribs of the latter species. It has been found at
only a few localities, and is rare where it occurs.

Lagena bicarinata, Terquem, sp. (Pl. xxvi. fig. 8, a, b.)

Fissurina bicarinata , Terquem, 1882, Mbm. Soc. Gbol. France, Ser. 3,
Yol. ii., Mom. iii., p. 31, pl. 1, fig. 24, a, b.

Professor Williamson, in his Monograph, has figured, under the name of

* Eeport Forams. H.M.S. Challenger, p. 335.

t Sec woodcut, Trans. Roy. Ir. Academy (Science), Vol. xxviii., p. 333.

Wright — Foraminifera of Down and Antrim. 321

Lagena quadrata (pi. 1, figs. 27, 28), two distinct species. Fig. 27 is an oblong
form of L. Icevigata, and this variety is known by Williamson’s name ; fig. 28
is L. bicarinata. Both species are often met with around our coast.

Xiagena marginata var. insequilaf eralis, Nov. (PI. xxvi. fig. 10, a, b, c )

This curious variety of L. marginata has one side strongly convex, the
other side being flattened, or slightly concave ; aperture at the flattened side.
Rare. Common in a fossil state in the Estuarine Clay, Limavady Junction.

Spirillina margaritifera, Williamson. (PI. xxvi., fig. 12, a — b .)

Spirillina margaritifera, Williamson, 1858, Rec. For. Gr. Br. p. 9, pi. vii.
figs. 2 — 4.

The following is Professor Williamson’s description of this species, the
type in brackets being additions of mine : — “ Shell consisting of numerous
narrow, somewhat convex, (?) convolutions — the outer one smooth, the inner
one obscured by numerous projecting tubercles, arranged in one or two series ;
In some parts these are most conspicuous along the centre of the convolution ;
in others along the spiral septal line ” [peripheral edge square] . ‘ ‘ Texture

hyaline, diam., -£5.”

Williamson ( loc . cit.) describes the convolutions of this species as convex.
A somewhat similar form, differing only in the convolutions being square, has
been found at several localities around our coast, and so closely does his
description and illustration agree with these specimens, that I have no hesita-
tion in considering them the same. The specimens recorded as Spirillina
tuberculata , both by Siddall, in “ Memoir on the Foraminifera of the Estuary
of the Dee,” and by Balkwill and myself, in “ Foraminifera of Dublin Bay
and Irish Sea,” should, I feel satisfied, be referred to S. margaritifera , and S.
tuberculata should be no longer included among the British species. S. mar -
garitifera differs from S. tuberculata in the outer convolutions being smooth,
the peripheral edge square, and the tubercules being stronger, and not so
numerous.

322

Wright — Foraminifera of Down and Antrim .

TABLE SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF FORAMINIFERA OFF
BELFAST LOUGH.

ABBREVIATIONS :-v r, very rare ; r, rare ; c, common; v c, very common;

* , previously recorded.

LIST OF SPECIES.

Biloculina ringens ( Lamk .) •••

depressa, d’ Orb. •••

Spiroloculina linibcitci, d (Jib* •••

planulata {LamTc.)

IVIiliolina trigonula {Lamk.)
insignis, Brady
tricarinata, d’Orb.
oblonga ( Montagu )
seminulum (Linn.)
tenuis ( Czjzek )
subrotunda {Montagu) ...
var.

secans (d’Orb.)
bicornis (W . Sf J.)

Ferussacii {d’ Orb.) ... •••

var. near M. sclerotica, Karrer

pulchella (d’Orb.)

fusca {Brady) ••• „ n7

Ophthalmidium cannatum, Balkwillcf Wi
Cornuspira involvens {Ess.) ...
Hyperammina arborescens {Norman)
Reophax fusiformis ( IFeV/.)

Haplophragmium glomeratum {Brady)
globigeriniforme (P. J-)

pseudospirale ( Will.) •••

canariense {d’Orb.') •••

1 i
© H

50 f
r a

W 2

e

g S
<

a p
■s 0

. o

m

03

© r

^ •
a

CM i

j

i

3

3

5

H

5

A a
0 *"
o

oa ©
©

1

o

T

c

. (3

§ 5

o i
SO j

os' P
d

'1 «

o

O P
o c
[3 c

m

o

r-H r

a

^ <

}

s

3

1

A

3

3

3

3

3 ©
q a
®S

OB60

©

a

Rockport,— Between tides.

| Recent Foraminifera of Down and

r

c

c

f

r

f

c

c

c

r

f

f

f

f

...

• ••

f

r

7

f

f

r

...

vr

vr

...

...

r

r

..

r

r

r

vr

VC

r

f

f

f

VC

vr

r

r

...

...

c

VC

VC

VC

VC

vr

...

...

...

...

...

vr

VC

*f

c

c

f

c

r

r

r

r

f

...

...

...

...

VC

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

c

c

c

c

r

...

r

f

f

r

c

r

VC

VC

r

...

...

...

...

...

...

c

r

r

r

...

. .. .

...

vr

vr

...

. c

c

c

c

... I

...

...

...

.1 c

c

c

c

VC 1

Wright — Foraminifera of Down and A ntrim. 323

TABLE — Continued .

LIST OF SPECIES.

Ammodiscus incertus (d’Orb.)
gordialis (J. P.)

charoides (J. Sf P.)

Shoneanus, Siddall
Placopsilina cenomana, d’ Orb.
Trochammina squamata, J. Sf P
inflata ( Montagu )
macrescens, Brady
Textularia sagittula, Defrance
gramen, d’ 0)'b.
agglutinans, d’Orb.

Valvulina fusca ( Will.) ...
Verneuilina polystropha ( Rss .)

dimorphous form ...
Spiroplecta biformis (P. Sf J.)
Gaudryina filiformis, Berthelin
Bulimina pupoides, d’ Orb.
marginata, d’Orb.
ovata, d’ Orb.
elegantissima, d’Orb.
subteres, Brady
Virgulina Schreibei’siana, Czjzek
Bolivina textilarioides, Rss.
punctata, d’Orb.
plicata, d’Orb.
dilatata, Rss.
difformis ( Will.)

Cassidullna laevigata, d’Orb
crassa, d’Orb.

Bag-ena
apiculata, Rss
lineata ( Will.)
lsevis ( Montagu)
aspera, Rss.
hispida, Rss.
striata ( d’Orb .)

2 miles S. of Maiden L.H., 60 fms.

5 miles S.S.E. of Maiden L.H.,
60 fms.

4 miles E. of Gobbins, 60 fms.

6 miles S.S.E. of Black Head,
30 fms.

Rockport, — Between tides.

Recent Foraminifera of Down and
Antrim, 1877.

vr

vr

*

...

c

c

c

r

*

...

vr

vr

vr

...

...

...

...

...

r

...

...

...

...

...

...

vr

f

f

f

c

...

*

...

...

...

...

c

*

...

...

...

r

*

r

r

r

f

...

*

...

c

c

c

c

r

...

vr

vr

vr

...

*

vr

...

...

...

...

r

r

VC

*

r

...

...

...

vr

...

...

...

c

r

r

r

r

VC

*

vr

r

r

r

VC

*

r

f

f

vr

C

*

r

r

r

vr

c

*

...

vr

...

...

...

...

..

vr

...

c

*

r

r

r

...

...

...

r

r

r

r

c

*

...

r

r

r

r

VC

*

r

r

r

...

c

*

c

c

c

c

c

*

r

c

c

f

r

*

c

f

f

c

*

r

r

r

r

r

*

...

...

vr

. . .

. . •

...

r

f

f

f

c

*

r

f

f

r

VC

*

vr

*

...

...

7

*

...

r

r

r

VC

*

324 Wright — Foraminifera of Down and Antrim.

TABLE— Continued.

LIST OF SPECIES.

nov.

I'agena gracilis, Will •••
sulcata {W.Jf J •)
costata {Will)

William sou i ( Alcock )

semistriata, Will.
striato -punctata, P. J .
squamosa ( Montagu )
me\o {d’ Orb)
hexagono {Will.)
laevigata {Ess.) •••

var. quadrata ( Will.)

marginata {W. J- )

var. inaequilati
lagenoides ( Will.)

Orbignyana (Seg.)
bicarinata ( Terquem )
pulchella, Brady
Nodosaria scalans {Batsch)
pyrula, d Orb. —

(D.) communis [d Urb.) ...

(D.) obliqua ( Linn .) •••

tingulina cannata, d Urb.
Vaginulina legumen {Linn.)

linearis ( Montagu ) •*

Cristellaria rotulata, Lam/c.
cultrata {Montfort)
crepidula {F. M.) ...

Polymorphina lactea ( rV. a **.)
var. oblonga, Will .
gibba (cT Orb.)

fistulose form
lanceolata, Bss.
compressa, d’Orb.
rotund ata {Bornemann) ...
concava, Will.
myriatiformis, Will.

«n .J

a w
S ^

«© P
- a:

w -

^ ci

^ £
S
©

'3 r-

s *

a

° 0
,

03 <

© -

% ’
<M 1

i

S ‘

i <

! '

5

>

1 . <

• ZL

2. a

2 ^

O

n CQ
2

i

o

T

a

a

DO fX

a

■O «

03- P

s ^

£ <

■O

o

■s ^

H

03

© '

a

■*H <

j

5

>

3

4

i ;

5

3

4 .

• 03

°. a

Q ^

o

0 3 CO
©

l

rc

P

«

p

1

<0*

r5 h.

+3 c

« l

© c

1 :i

1 !

t f

2 «

&

O

o

PS c

1

1

f

1

>

3

•*:
0 t"

3 oo
a ,H

a s'
a *c

0 -S

"4

a

©

©

©

..1 ...

c

.. f

c

C

C

vc

*

.. f

vc

VC

C

r

*

„ C

c

C

c

vc

*

... r

r

r

r

f

*

|

*

7

vc

vc

c

7

*

r

vr

...

r

...

... r
... r

c

r

c

r

f

r

f

c

*

*

... r
... r

vr

r

vr

r

r

...

*

.. vr

vr

...

...

... r

r

r

... c

c

C

c

vc

...

r

r

...

vr

. . .

vr

*

r

r

...

r

*

... vr

r

1 r

vr

r

*

a

.. vr

vr

vr

vr

...

r

...

vr

*

... vr

...

r

*

... ...

...

...

*

r

r

r

.. vr

vr

r

vc

*

...

vr

... r

r

r

r

r

*

... r

r

r

f

f

*

r

r

r

r

... f

r

r

r

f

*

*

r

r

...

. r

...

...

‘‘

r

r

...

c

♦

... vc

5 VC

v<

J c

*

• •• ••

vr

VI

' *

Wright — Foraminifera of Down and Antrim .

T ABLE — Continued.

LIST OF SPECIES.

2 miles S. of Maiden L.H., 60 fms.

5 miles S.S.E. of Maiden L.H.,
60 fms.

4 miles E. of Gobbins, 60 fms.

6 miles S.S.E. of Black Head,
30 fms.

Rockport, — Between tides.

Recent Foraminifera of Down and
Antrim, 1877.

Uvig-erma angulosa, Will.

vr

r

r

r

c

*

G-lobigrerina bulloides, d’Orb.

c

c

c

c

VC

*

inflata, d’Orb.

f

f

f

f

Orfoulisia uni versa, d’Orb.

r

r

r

Spirillma vivipara, Ehrenb.

c

r

r

7

vr

*

Fatellina corrugata, Will.

f

f

f

f

r

*

Discorbiraa rosacea (d’Orb.)

vr

vr

ve

*

globularis {d’Orb.)

VC

VC

VC

VC

VC

*

orbicularis {Ter quern) ...

-f

Bertheloti {d’ Orb.)

r

r

r

vr

Wrightii, Brady

vr

r

Parisiensis, d’Orb.

vr

*

Plaraorlmlina Mediterranensis, d’Orb.

r

7

7

7

r

*

Truncatulina lobatula {W. J.) ...

VC

VC

VC

VC

VC

*

refulgens {Montfort)

vr

vr

*

Ungeriana {d’ Orb.) ...

7

Pulvismlina auricula {F. Sf M.) ...

vr

r

r

vr

r

*

Karsteni {Rss.)

vr

vr

repanda {F. Sf M.)

vr

vr

vr

*

Patagonica {d’Orb.)

vr

vr

vr

vr

vr

Rotalia Beccarii {Linn.) ...

r

f

f

C

VC

*

nitida, Will.

f

f

f

f

VC

*

Gypsina vesicularis {P. Sf J.)

vr

vr

*

inhaerens {Schtdtze)

vr

vr

r

c

*

Nonionima turgida ( Will.)

..0

vr

*

scapha {F. Sf M.) ... ... **.

7

7

*

umbilicatula ( Montagu )

vr

*

pauperata, Balkwill Sf Wright

7

vr

vr

r

f

depressula ( W. Sf J.)

f

f

f

c

VC

*

stelligera, d’Orb.

r

r

vr

vr

Polystomella crispa {Linn.)

r

r

r

C

*

striato-punctata {F. # M.) ...

f

C

c

VC

VC

*

Operculina ammonoides ( Gronov .)...

...

*

Jaculella acuta, Brady , off Maiden L.H., 60-72 fms.
iagrena semilineata, Nov., Newcastle, between tides, &c.
Splrillina margaritifera, Will., Portrush, between tides.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVI.

Fig 1. Eyperammina arbor escens (Norman), x 30 diam.

2. Verneuilina polystropha (Rs.). dimorphous form, x 75 diam.

’’ 3. piacopsilim cenomam, d’Orb. a, inferior aspect; b, superior aspect,

x 40 diam.

4. Miliolim insignis, Brady, a, lateral aspect ; b, oral aspect, x 75 diam.

5. MilMina subrotmda (Montagu), var. a, lateral aspect ; b, oral aspect.

x 50 diam.

„ 6. Lagena semistriata, Will, x 75 diam.

7. Lagena semilineata, Nov. x 75 diam.

8 LagembicarimtaCTe rquem). «, lateral aspect; b, oral aspect, x 100 diam
” 9. Lagena lamgata {&*■), var. guadrata, Will. «, lateral aspect ; b, oral

aspect, x 100 diam.

10. Lagena marginata (W. & J.), var. incequilateralis, Nov. 0, *, lateral
aspects ; c, oral aspect, x 100 diam.

11 Polymwphim gibba, d’Orb., fistulose form, x 20 diam.

” 12. Spirmmrnarga,ntifera,m\\. a, lateral aspect ; b, peripheral aspect,

x 75 diam.

Proc. Belfast. Nat. Field Club. 1884-85. (Appendix.) PI. XXVI.

S M Malcoir.son del et.lith. .

WRIGHT.. FORAMINIFERA OF BELFAST LOUGH

(

\Pi oceeding s Belfast N % t uvci lists' Field Club. — Appendix 1885-1886.)

A LIST OF THE CRETACEOUS FORAMINTFERA OF
READY HILL, COUNTY DERRY.

BY JOSEPH WRIGHT, P.G.S.

— $—

the year 1874 I published a List of the Cretaceous Microzoa of Ireland.
U|\ It was the result of three years’ exploration in the chalk of the Counties
of Antrim, Derry, and Down, the only counties in Ireland where rocks of
this age occur. The Greensand in Ireland appears to he almost devoid of
Microzoa. Only two Foraminifers have as yet been found in it— viz., Orbito-
lina concava * and Cristellaria rotulataf I have on one or two occasions
examined greensand rocks under the microscope, but failed to find any trace of
these organisms in them. With the above two exceptions, all the Microzoa
found in the Irish Cretaceous rocks have been obtained from a mealy powder,
known as chalk powder, which is of frequent occurrence in cavities in the
flints. I do not remember to have ever visited a chalk exposure with flints
that did not yield, on searching, at least some of this powder. At some places
it was very scarce, at others it was abundant. It may have been merely acci-
dental, but flints found in the vicinity of the sea usually contain a much greater
quantity of the powder than those found farther inland.

The chalk in Ireland is a hard, compact limestone, known as white “ lime-
stone,” of the same age as the soft white chalk of the South of England, but
very different in character, the hardness of the Irish stone being presumably
due to the heat and pressure of the overlying basalt. The flints foimd in it are

* Tate, Cretaceous Rocks of Ireland, Quart. Journ., Geol. Soc., 1865.

+ Wright, Cretaceous Microzoa of Ireland, Rep. andProc., Belfast Nat. Field Club, 1874,
aPP» P» 73,

328 Wright— Cretaceous Foraminifera of Ready Hill.

of two kinds— (1) Ordinary flints in amorphous masses, and usually lying m
bands parallel with the bedding of the chalk, and having the longer ax]B in Jhe
plane of the bedding ; (2) Paramoudras (in England known as potstones),
usually of an irregular fusiform contour, variable in shape, and having a core ot

white limestone passing through them from end to “d ; ^ays^ccurm

an upright position, or at right angles to the plane of the bedding, being the
reverse of the position in which the other flints are found.

Most of the ordinary flints are of a homogenous, silicious structure through-
out, others have incorporated with them a white limestone, and some a mea y
powder. This material in flints freshly guarded is invariably hard, and in ap-
pearance similar to the white limestone in which the flints are imbedded. T is
soft powdery chalk seems to have been part of the oose of the Cretaceous sea
bottom, which got mixed up or entangled in flints in which siliciflcation had
been only partially completed. Thus enclosed in the flinty matrix, it was,
no doubt, to a large degree protected from the influences which converted the
soft chalk into a hard limestone. On exposure it becomes gradually change
into a powdery substance, and in this state the lovely Microsoa, so abundant m
chalk, can he readily separated by washing.

The' white chalk, as developed in Ireland, has for its base a somewhat
pebbly and friable limestone, the joints and partings of which are coloured
green by a superficial (glauconite ?) deposit. This bed was formerly well seen
at Kilcorig, near Lisburn, and Professor Tate, who studied it at that time,
given a good account of it, especially with reference to fossils * This g auco-
nitic hand occurs, as above stated, at Kilcorig, on the southern boundary of the
Irish Cretaceous series ; and on the north-west it has been found near Moneys
more, and high up on the steep face of Benbradagh Mountain. The same line o
escarpment is continued across Keady Hill, some nine miles to the north of
Benbradagh, and in the limestone quarries at Keady there is a fine exposure o
this basement bed of the white chalk. The paleontology of this portion of the
chalk is most interesting. Its fossil fauna is much more varied than in any of
the beds lying above, and it is much richer in the abundance of specimens whic

it yields .

When preparing my former paper on the Cretaceous Microzoa of the Nort
of Ireland, I was greatly helped in the work by my friend, Mr. William Gray,
M B I. A., who kindly procured for me chalk powder from numerous localities
throughout the North of Ireland, one of them being Keady Hill. Although the
quantity which I received was small, it nevertheless yielded a great variety o
Foraminifera, a result to be expected, bearing in mind the great number o
Mollusca and Echinoderms that have been collected from this locality ; and 1
was sorry that I had not more material to examine. Some years later I visited
the quarries, in company with two members of the Belfast Naturalists Field
Club, and collected several pounds weight of the material, which occurs there m

Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., 1865,

Wright — Cretaceous Foraminifera of Keady Hill. 329

quantity. The following is a List of the Foraminifera found. Twenty-seven of
the species are additions to the Cretaceous Fauna of Ireland, three of which are
new to Science.

To my friend, Professor T. Rupert Jones, F.R.S., I am deeply indebted for
land assistance in helping me in the identification of some of the critical species,
and also to my friend, S. M. Malcomson, M.D., for the very accurate and artistic
figures which accompany this paper.

Species marked * are new to the Cretaceous Fauna of Ireland.

FORAMINIFERA (RETICULARIA).

LITU0LIDJ3.

Hapiostiche clavulina, Ess. Rare.

*Tlmrammma papillata, Brady. PI. xxvii. fig, 12. Rare.

Ammo discus incertus ( d’Orb .). Rare.

Kaplophragmium inflatum, Ess. Very rare.

TEXTULARI DJE.

Textularia gibbosa, d’Orb. Rare,
pupa, Ess. Rare,
sagittula, Def ranee. Common
eximia, d’Eicliwald, Frequent,
turris, d’ Orb. Rare,
globulosa, Ehr. Rare. ^

*conulus, Reuss. Rohm. Kreid., pi. xiii. fig. 75 ; near Text, globulosa, ,
hut more compact. Frequent.

Verneuilina triquetra {Munster). Rather rare.

*spinulosa, Ess. Frequent.

Tritaxi a triquetra {Munster). Rather rare.

Spiroplecta praelonga {Ess.). PL xxvii. fig. 3. Rare.

Gaudryina rugosa, d’Orb. Frequent.

*Jonesiana, sp. Nov. PI. xxvii. figs. 1, 2. Test elongate, tapering,
somewhat compressed, quadrilateral ; tri- serial portion, edges cari-
nate and faces flat or slightly concave ; biserial portion quadrilateral,
the four angles more or less carinate, lateral faces concave, peri-
pheral edge square, occasionally keeled from the carinate edge of
the triserial portion extending up the shell ; in the specimen figured
the keel is not connected with the triserial part. I have pleasure in
naming this species after my friend, Professor T. Rupert Jones,
F.R.S. Rare.

^Clavulina angularis, d Orb. One specimen.

330 Wright— Cretaceous Foraminifera of Ready Hill

Bulimina Presli, Ess. Frequent,
affinis, d’ Orb. Frequent,
brevis, d’Orb. Frequent,
intermedia, Ess. Eare.

*Buchiana, d’Orb. Eare.

Virgulina tegulata, Ess . Var. Common.

*Bolivina obsoleta ( Eley .). Eatber rare.

decorata, Jones MS. PI. xxvii. figs. 7, 8. Test elongate, compressed
broad at tbe oral end, and tapering to a rounded point at tbe aborai
extremity ; surface ornamented with prominent oblong tubercles
winch are arranged in oblique rows. Common.

Pleurostomella fusiformis, Ess. Eare.

LA.GENIDJE.

*Eiagena globosa ( Montf. ). Eatber rare.

apiculata, Ess. Eare.

sulcata ( W. and /.). Eatber rare.

* gracilis, Will. One specimen.

*XTodosaria (Glandulina) laevigata, d’Orb. Very rare.

*(Glandulina) obliquilimbata, sp. Nov., Jones MS. PL xxvii. fig. 5.
Test elongate, with oblique limbate sutures. One specimen,
glabra, d ’ Orb., and dentaline variety. Eatber rare,
radicula ( linn. ). Eatber rare.

var., near N. conferta. Very rare,
bispida, d’Orb. Eare.

(D.) farcimen {Sold.), var. Lorneiana,, d’Orb. Eare.

. . exquisitely delicate variety. Eare.

(D.) consobrina, d' Orb, var. irregularis, d’ Orb. Eare.

. . var. emaciata, Ess. "V ery rare.

(D.) soluta, Ess. Very rare.

. . var. Lilli, Ess. Eare.

(D.) nodosa, d’Orb., var. Eare.

(D.) pauperata, d’Orb. Common.

(D.) communis, d’Orb. Frequent.

acicula , LamJc. Eatber rare. .

Zippei, Ess., var. alternata, var. Nov. Jones MS. PL xxvii. fig.

This variety bas ribs of normal character, alternating with lines of
interrupted costse. Very rare,
rapbanus {Linn.). Eatber rare.

. . var. inflata, Ess. Frequent.

.. short, coarse variety. Common.

Wright — Cretaceous Foraminifera of Ready Hill. 33 1

Frondicularia striatula, Ess. Frequent,
angustata, Nilsson. Rare.

Archiaciana, d'Orb, Rare,
elliptica (Nilsson). Very rare,
mucronata, Ess., var. Rather rare.

*Rhabdogonium excavatum, Ess. One specimen.

IVXarg-inulina costata ( Batsch ). Rare.

*Reussiana, sp. Nov . Jones MS. PL xxvii. fig. 6. A very fine smooth
Marginulina, with the later segments elongated in a linear series.
Frequent.

*Vaginulina legumen {Linn.). Rare,
trilobata, d'Orb. Frequent.

*Bronni ( Eoemer ). One specimen,
costulata, Ess. Very rare.

Cristellaria acutauricularis ( F . and M.). Rare.

italica, Def ranee. Specimens very fine. Rather rare,
triangularis, d'Orb. Rare,
rotulata ( LamJc .). Abundant.

*cultrata (Montf.). One specimen.

*crepidula {F. and M.). PL xxvii. fig. 4. One very fine specimen,
^simplex, d'Orb. Rare,
recta, d' Orb. Rare.

*cymboides, d'Orb. Rare,
ornata (Ess.). Very rare.

Flabellina pulchra, d'Orb. Very rare.

. . smooth variety, with parallel sides. Very rare
reticulata, Ess. Common.

*Polymorphina gibba, d'Orb. Rare.

. . fistulose form. Rare,
fusiformis, Eoemer. Frequent.

. . fistulose form. Rare.

♦cylindrica, Borneman. Frequent,
regina, B. P. and J., var. Pl. xxvii. fig. 14. Rare.

.. ^fistulose form. Pl. xxvii. fig. 13. One specimen

Sagrina nodosa, P. and J. Frequent.

Ramulina brachiata, Jones. Rare.

Levis, Jones. Rare.

*aculeata {d'Orb.). Pl. xxvii. fig. 11. Rare.

332 Wright— Cretaceous Foraminifera of Ready Hill .

Globigerina bulloides, d'Orb. Hare.

heaped variety. Rather rare,
cretacea, d'Orb. Abundant,
marginata, Rss. Rare.

*aequilateralis, Br. PI. xxvii. fig. 9. Frequent.

*Orbulina universa, d'Orb. Rare.

♦Pullenia sphseroides {d'Orb.). Rare,
quinqueloba, Rss. Rather rare.

Planorbulina exsculpta, Rss. Frequent.

crenulata {Rss.). Rather rare.

Truncatulina lobatula (W. and J.). Frequent.

Planorbulina ammonoides, Rss. Abundant.

var., with extra shell growth. Abundant.

Pulvinulina Micheliniana, d' Orb. Frequent.

Rotalia orbicularis {d'Orb.), var. Abundant.

*Beccarii {Linn.). PI. xxvii. fig. 15. Rare.

Fig. 1.

>> 2.
,, 3.

.. 4.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14

15

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVII.

Gaudryina Jonesiana, Nov. a, lateral aspect ; b, oral aspect ; x, 40
diam.

Gaudryina Jonesiana , Nov. a, peripheral aspect ; x, 40 cliam.
Spiroplecta prcelong a (Rss.). x, 60 diam.

Cristellaria crepidula (F. and M.). a, lateral aspect ; b, oral aspect ;

x, 20 diam. .

, Xodosaria ( Glandulina ) obliquilimbata , Nov., Jones Mb. a, lateral

aspect ; b, oral aspect ; x, 20 diam.

. Marginulim Reussiana, Nov., Jones MS. a, lateral aspect; b, oral
aspect ; x, 20 diam.

. Bolivina decorata, Jones MS. x, 60 diam. en

. Bolivina deeorata, Jones MS. a, lateral aspect ; b, oral aspect; x,

. GtiUgerina aqmlateraUi, Br. a, lateral aspect; b, oral aspect; x, 60

Nodosaria Zippei, Ess., var. ultimata, Nov., Jones MS. x, 30 diam.
Ramulina aculeata (d’Orb.). x, 30 diam.

Thurammina papillata, Br. x, 60 diam. ,.

Polymorphina regina, B. P. and J„ var. fistulose form, x, 40 dram.
Polgmorphina regina, B. P. and J., var. x, «»

Rotalia Beccarii (Linn.), a, superior aspect ; b, inferior aspect ; e, oiaJ
aspect ; x, 40 diam.

Proc. Belfast Nat Field Club. 1884- -65. (Appendix.) PI. XXVII.

WRIGHT_ CHALK FORAMINIFERA._ KEADY HILL.

S Malcomson, del et lith

(■ Proceedings Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club.— Appendix 1884-85.) '

Ebratum.— The following 10 pages should bear the folios 335 to 344

A LIST OP IRISH COLEOPTERA COLLECTED
MAINLY BY THE LATE ROBERT PATTERSON,
ESQ., F.R.S., IN THE YEAR 1829.

fHE following list has been prepared from the manuscript catalogue of a
cabinet of Coleoptera now in the possession of the family, and formerly
the property of the late Mr. Patterson.

The collection referred to was made in the year 1829. Some of the speci-
mens were received from other well known naturalists, but by far the greater
number were personally collected by Mr: Patterson himself in the North of
Ireland. It is fortunate for the purpose of the present compilation that this
MS. catalogue was prepared with the accuracy and precision that characterised
all Mr. Patterson’s work. Except in a very few instances, the date and locality
of every capture has been given ; and where the specimen has been acquired
from any other entomologist it is so stated, and also whether such are Irish or
English. As we are here only concerned with Irish localities, we do not record
those species to which English habitats alone are assigned, nor any of those
whose names appear in the manuscript, but are not localised.

In connection with the series of local lists issued by the Belfast Naturalists’
Field Club, it is considered that the present may be a useful contribution. It
is also rendered of more value by the fact that so few lists of Irish insects have
hitherto been published. Further, it may be hoped that this list will be favour-
ably received from the fact that it records the early work of some of the pioneers
of natural science in the North of Ireland, and founders of the Belfast Natural
History Society. Anything connected with the names of Templeton, Drum-
mond, Patterson, Haliday, or Hyndman will be of interest to the naturalists of
the present day, and still more to those who may succeed them. A review of

{Proceedings Belfast Naturalists’ Field Chib. — Appendix 1884-85.)

Ebratum. — The following 10 pages should bear the folios 335 to 344

A LIST OF IRISH COLEOPTERA COLLECTED
MAINLY BY THE LATE ROBERT PATTERSON,
ESQ., F.R.S., IN THE YEAR 1829.

fHE following list has been prepared from the manuscript catalogue of a
cabinet of Coleoptera now in the possession of the family, and formerly
■ the property of the late Mr. Patterson.

The collection referred to was made in the year 1829. Some of the speci-
mens were received from other well known naturalists, but by far the greater
number were personally collected by Mr: Patterson himself in the North of
Ireland. It is fortunate for the purpose of the present compilation that this
MS. catalogue was prepared with the accuracy and precision that characterised
all Mr. Patterson’s work. Except in a very few instances, the date and locality
of every capture has been given ; and where the specimen has been acquired
from any other entomologist it is so stated, and also whether such are Irish or
English. As we are here only concerned with Irish localities, we do not record
those species to which English habitats alone are assigned, nor any of those
whose names appear in the manuscript, but are not localised.

In connection with the series of local lists issued by the Belfast Naturalists’
Field Club, it is considered that the present may be a useful contribution. It
is also rendered of more value by the fact that so few lists of Irish insects have
hitherto been published. Further, it may be hoped that this list will be favour-
ably received- from the fact that it records the early work of some of the pioneers
of natural science in the North of Ireland, and founders of the Belfast Natural
History Society. Anything connected with the names of Templeton, Drum-
mond, Patterson, Haliday, or Hyndman will be of interest to the naturalists of
the present day, and still more to those who may succeed them. A review of

Irish Coleoptera — Late R. Patterson , F.R.S.

•3*8-

the work here summarised should also act as a stimulus to our youthful members.
It will he seen how much could he accomplished in a year by one quite young,
and fully occupied in business matters. This, too, at a time when hooks ot
reference were much less accessible than at present. , „ ,

The classification of the following catalogue is that of Stephens s Syste-
matic List of British Insects. n n w ~ p

Abbreviations :-A. H. H.-A. H. Haliday,* F.L.S. ; G. C. H.-Geo. C.
Hyndman ; R. T.— Robert Templeton.

SCARITIDJE.

Clivina fossor. -p ^

Sand pit, Cranmore ; under a stone, Rostrevor Mountain. H. I.

Dyscbirius politus.

Cranmore. CARABIDJD.

Cychrus rostratus.

Mourne Mountains. — Mr. Drummond.

Carabus catenulatus.

Rostrevor Mountain, near the summit. R. i*

C‘ T” gw under a stone near M'Swine’s Gun, Horn Head, Co. Donegal-R. T.

c. glabratus.

Slieve Donard, on the open part of the heatn.

Helobia brevicollis. a u t

Sand pit, Cranmore ; under stones, Horn Head.— K. l.

Xieistus fulvibarbis.

Cranmore. HARPALID^.

I.oricea pilicornis.

Shore of Lough Neagh, near Shane’s Castle.

Cbtoeius nigricornis.

Irish — from A. H. H.

Anchomenus prasinus.

Shore of Lough Neagh, near Shane’s Castle.

A. albipes.

With the preceding species.

A. oblongus.

Cranmore, among corn.

Platynus angusticollis.

In the cellar of our house.

Aeonum marginatum. ,

Lough Neagh ; under stones, near the mouth of the Sixmilewater.

A. parumpunctatum.

Shore of Lough Neagh, near Shane’s Castle.

* Note -In Appendix VIII., p. 211. A. L. Haliday should be A. H, Haliday.

Irish Coleoptera — Late R. Patter son , F.R.S.

Odontcnyx rotundatus.

Horn Head, Co. Donegal.-— R. T.

Synuchus vivalls.

Under stones, Rostrevor Mountain.

Calathus melanocephalus.

With the preceding.

C. cisteiloides.

With the two last species.

Platyderes erythropus.

Cranmore ; Moyntuagh Bogs.

Pcecilns cupreus.

Among com at Cranmore.

P. rufifemoratus.

Cranmore. Common.

P. versicolor.

In Mr. Brownlow’s demesne at Lurgan.

Omaseus Bulwerii.

Rostrevor Mountain.

O. nigrita.

Under stones, near Ardglass.

O. melanurius.

Rostrevor Mountain. Very common.

Steropus madidus.

Very common.

Stomis pumlcatus.

Lough Neagh.

Patrobus rafipes.

Horn Head. — R. T. ; under stones, Rostrevor Mountain.

Platysma niger.

Tollymore Park ; mountains at Rostrevor.

Abax sfriola.

Tollymore Park.

Amara eurynota.

Under stones, near Ardglass.

A. communis.

Castlewellan ; Moyntuagh Bogs.

A. familiarls.

Among com at Cranmore.

Bradytus apricarius.

Under stones, Castlewellan ; among corn, Cranmore ; Moyntuagh Bogs.

Harpaius ruficornis,

Tollymore Park.

33Sr

*5^

Irish Coleoptera — Late R. Patterson, F.R.S.

Treciius mimrfcus (aquaticus).

Moyntuagh Bogs, under stones.

Tachys ofotusus.

Cranmore, among corn.

PhiloetJies fuscipes 1

Among com at Cranmore.

BEMBIDIIDJE.

Peryplius femoratus.

Castlewellan, under stones

p. viridi-seneus.

With the preceding.
Taciiypus ikndrese.

Shore of Lough Neagh.

shore of Lough Neagh, near Shane’s Castle

T. striatus.

Shore of Lough Neagh.

T. properans.

Among corn at Cranmore.

*BeinI>idiiim palsidosum.

Shore of Lough Neagh, near Shane’s Castle.

elaphrid^,

Wotiopliiius aquations.

Slieve Donard, under stones.

N. toiguttatus.

Horn Head, Co. Donegal. — R. T.

Elepliras cnpreus.

Irish— from Mr. Haliday.

E' ^ough^Neagh.at Shane’s Castle, among sand, gravel and short grass, near
the water’s edge.

BleZT"eStS‘ Given to are by M, HaHday, who had not before see*
any indigenous specimens.

DYTICIDJE.

Haliplns ferrugineus.

Irish— from Mr. Haliday.

Hygrotus scitulus. •

Moyntuagh Bogs, on roots and stems of aquatic plants.

S. pictus.

With the preceding.

EEydroporus dorsalis ?

With the two last named species.

* The first specimen of this species found in Ireland.

Irish Coleoptera — Late R. Patterson , F.R.S. -ffri-Jr1

Tffoteras crassicornis.

Moyntuagh Bogs, with, the preceding.

Colymbetes fuliginosus.

Common in the ponds at Cranmore.

C. bipustulatus.

In a pond in the fort -field at Moira.

Dyficus marginalis.

Irish — from G. C. H.

D. punctulatus.

Common in the ponds at Cranmore.
ilcilius sulcatus.

Moira, hog hole in the fort-field.

GYRINID^E.

Gyrinus natator.

Cranmore, common in the ponds.

LIMNIIDiE.

Iiimnius seneus.

Irish— from G. C. H.

HELEPHQRID^E.

Helepliorus nubilus.

Cranmore, coming out of rotten wood.

HYDROPHILIDjE.

Iiimnebius ater.

Irish — from A. H. H.

Zb. truncatellus.

Irish — from A. H. H.

SPBLMRIDIID.E.

Cercyon sp. ?

On roots and stems of aquatic plants in Moyntuagh Bogs.

ANISOTOMIDJE.

Ortboperus pusillus.

Irish— from A. H. H.

SILPHID^.

Tffecrophorous vespillo.

Found in the rabbit warren, at Holywood, in 1827, by James Emerson
(Sir James Emerson Tennent).

Oiceoptoma rugosa.

Irish— from A. H. H.

O. sinuata.

Shore of Lough Neagh, near Shane’s Castle.

Phosphuga subrotundata.

Cranmore. V ery common.

3^0

3*3

Irish Coleoptera — Late R. Patterson ,

Nitldula discoidea.

Irish. — from A. H. H.

NITIDULIDiE.

HJ. obsoleta.

Castlewellan.

Meligethes viridescens (?)

Cranmore, in flowers.

M. urticae (?)

Cranmore.

Atomaria fuscipes.

Irish— from A. H. H.

ENGID^l.

Cryptophagus caricis.

Irish — from A. H. H.

Byturus tomentosus.

Found at Cranmore, under the bark of a decayed beech tree, by R. T.

Batridius transversus.

Cranmore.

DERMESTID-E.

Throscus dermestoides.

Holy wood, rare — from A. H. H.

Byrrhus sericeus.

Cranmore.

Hister carbonarius.

Cranmore.

BYRRHID.E.

HISTERID2E.

H< nitidulus.

Irish — from A. H. H.

GEOTRUPID^.

Geotrupes sylvaticus.

County Donegal ; road from Churchhill to Lough Neagh, R. T., and by the
edge of Lough Neagh, R. T. Moume Mountains (?) Mr. Drummond.

G. stercorarius.

Common.

Aphodius terrestris.

Castlewellan.

APHODIIDJE.

A. rufipes.

Cranmore.

A. contaminatus.

Rostrevor Mountain.

Irish Coleoptera — Late R. Patter son ) F.R.S.

MELOLONTHID^E.

Serica brunnea.

Irish — from A. H. H.

Melolontha vulgaris.

Cranmore, also an Irish specimen from G. C. H.

Anomala borticola.

Shane’s Castle.

ELATERIDjE.

Hemirhipus limbatus.

Cranmore.

H. marginatus.

Irish— from A. H. H.

K. obscurus.

Cranmore.

Slater cupreus (?)

Cranmore.

E. nig-er (?)

Cranmore.

CEBRIONEDJE.

Atopa cervina.

Irish — from A. H. H.

CYPHONID^E.

Cyphon melanurus.

Irish — from A. H. H.

C. padi.

Cranmore, also an Irish specimen from A. H. H.

TELEPHORIDiE.

Telephorus pallid us,

Cranmore.

PTINIDiE.

Ptlnus fur.

Irish— from A. H. H.

P. erenatus.

Irish — from A. H. H.

Cis sp. (?)

Castlewellan.

CURCULIONIDJE.

Cossonus Tardii.

Cranmore. Found during the entire month of June by turning up the
under side of an alder, which lay in the farm- yard, and from which the bark

Irish Coleoptera — hate R. P atterson, R.R.S.

had been stripped. Generally found in clusters of three and four, ranged
side by side. They were not found in any other situation, though the
adjoining trees were carefully examined by R. T.

Ceutorhynclius didymus.

Cranmore.

Wedyus assimilis (?)

Cranmore.

Orchestes fagi (calcarU

Cranmore.

Anthonomus fasciatus.

Castle wellan Demesne.

Notaris acridulus.

Cranmore, among corn.

Xiiophleeus nutoilus.

Cranmore.

Otiorhynchus sulcatus.

Cranmore.

O. notatus.

Moume Mountains.— Mr. Drummond.

PUilopedon geminatus.

Cranmore.

Strophosmus coryli.

Rostreyor Mountain, on a hazel.

Polydrusus oblongus.

Cranmore.

Phyllotoius parvulus.

Cranmore.

Apion hydrolapathi.

On a rhodedendron,

A. flavipes.

Cranmore.

at Cranmore.

SALPINGIDJE.

Salpingus rofooris (ruficollis).

Taken under the bark of a holly in Tollymore Park.

l.eptura ruficornis.

Cranmore.

LEPTURIDJE.

Irish Coleoptera—Late R. Patterson , R.R. S.

CEIOCEEID.E.

Bonacia festucae (proteus).

On rushes in the Moyntuagh Bogs.

GALEEUCIDiE.

Galeruca capreae.

Cranmore.

Haltica exoleta.

Cranmore, among corn.

H. dentipes (concinna).

Cranmore, among corn.

CHEYSOMELIDjE.

Chrysomela cochleariae.

Castlewellan.

C. polyg-oni.

Cranmore.

C. raphani.

On Slieve Crooh, about small pools of water.

C. polita.

Under stones on the beach, near Shane’s Castle.

COCCINELLIDJE.

Coccinella tredeeimpunetata.

Cranmore.

BLAPSIDJE.

Blaps mortisago.

In our shop, crawling up the wall, also in our cellar.

5 4-3

MOEDELLIDJE.

Anaspis ruflcollis,

Cranmore.

CANTHAEIDJE.

Proscarabeus violaceus.

Near Holy wood. — From A. H. H.

TACHYPOEIDiE.

Bolitobius atricapillus.

Tollymore Park, on a wall.

^4- Irish Coleoptera — Late R. Patterson, F.R.S.

Tackinus marginellus.

Slieve Donard.

T. pullus.

Lough Neagh, at Ardmore, found by Miss Jellett.

STAPHYLINID2E.

Stapliylinus erythropterus.

Among com at Cranmore.

S, castanopterus.

Cranmore, and Squire’s Hill.

Quedius tristis.

Cranmore, among corn.

Plailontlius politus.

With the preceding.

P. marginatus.

With the two preceding species.

Ctyroliypnus cruentatus*

Castlewellan.

Psederus riparius.

Tollymore Park.

Oxytelus cornutus.

Cranmore, among com.

STENIDJE.

28 DOT 1886

APPEDDIX I.

VOL. II.

THE FERNS OF ULSTER

BY WILLIAM H. PHILLIPS AND ROBERT LLOYD PRAEGER,
B.E., B.A.

PUBLISHED BY

THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB.

January, 1887.

( Proceedings Belfast Naturalists * Field Club. — Appendix 1885-86.)

of ^CLsfer.

By William H. Phillips and Robert Lloyd Praeger,

B.E., B.A.

submitting the following list of the species and varieties of our
local Ferns to the members of the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club,
we cannot but regret the absence in our district of other observers
in this branch of natural science. The study of the varieties of British Ferns
is most interesting and fascinating — being half botany, half horticulture, since
the finds must be grown in order to be understood and correctly named— and
is one which can be carried on with very little trouble or expense. Yet,
beyond our own finds, we have been able only to come across a very few
stray records. Thus, the counties of Armagh, Donegal, and Cavan are
hardly represented at all in our localities for varieties, while the names of
Antrim and Down occur in almost every line— those being the counties to
which we most easily had access. This, however, only proves the richness
of our district in varieties. Ferns there are, if only some one will find them.
There is still a great field of discovery among our North of Ireland Filices.
Already Ulster has yielded some splendid new varieties — among which we
may mention Athyrium Filix-fcemina crispum and Folystichum angulare
divisilobum Crawfordia ; and many other treasures lie hidden away in our
glens and copses only waiting to be found. At some future time we hope to
bring out a supplement to this list, and we trust that then we shall have
other names to record as finders of some of these beautiful varieties. The
labour is small and the reward great. Nothing is more pleasant than to
watch some wild find developing, under one’s care, into an elegant decom-
posite or crested form. Again, a great advantage of Fern-hunting, as com-
pared with most out-door scientific persuits, is that it can be carried on
equally at every season of the year. For botany or entomology, for instance,
there is but a short summer season ; but not so among the Ferns ; for while

+ Phillips and Praeger—The Ferns of Ulster.

in summer we can explore the Athyriums and Lastreas and Blechnums in out
woods and on our mountain sides, in winter the evergreen fronds of Po y-
sliehmn and Seolopendrium peep at ns through the leafless hedges an wave
luxuriantly in all our glens, inviting us to take up bag and trowel an go
off Fern-hunting. We may add that we shall be very happy to give all the
information in onr power concerning this branch of botany to anyone asking
it, or to name fronds sent to us, or to receive notes of new localities for

SP0°The district to which this list refers is bounded to the southward by the
frontier line of Ulster, with the exception of the south-east and south-west
corners, where in each case a slight encroachment has been “^e on an
adjoining province. In the south-west a detour has been made in order to
include the famous botanical region of Ben Bulben, m the extreme northern
comer of Co. Sligo ; and on the south-east our line has been rawn so
include the Carlingford Mountains, in Co. Louth, which botamcally a
less degree geologically, belong to the Mourne Mountains, in Co Do
regards the distribution of species In this area, few general observations can
be made. Aspleniwn marinum and Adiantum Capillus - Veneris occur y

the coast line ; the former being recorded from all our maritime counties, and
growing in all suitable situations along our shores ; the latter bein„
to a limited area in Donegal* Polystichum angular* haunts the low
districts in the east of the province, and is almost entirely unknown among
the barren mountainous districts of Donegal and Fermanagh In he»e
latter, however, the Royal Fern, Osmimia regain, occurs most Pl8n“" J'
luxuriating in the rich peaty soil that surrounds the numerous lata m those
regions. Polysticlium lonchitis and Asplemum vinde are con
western counties; Ophioglossum loves the rich pastures of Down
and Armagh. As Ulster plants, three of our Ferns are confined to Donega ,
and it is a very strange thing that these three species, which are found^ly
in the bleakest and most northern of all our counties, shoul
plants. Ophioglossum lusitanicum is a plant of the “rranemr coaste «md
the Canary Isles, whose only other British stations are Kerry and Guernsey
The Killamey Fern, Triehomanes radicam, prmcipa y aun s,
species, the shadiest rocks in the south and south-west of Ireland and he

Maidenhair, Adiantum Capillus- Veneris, makes i\hom\“ TnXd andto
and the north of Africa, occurring also on the south coast of England l and

the south-west of Ireland. Some of the species, again, seem are

Athyrium Filix-fcemina, Polystichum aculeatum, and Lastrea P
examples — occurring equally in damp shady woods and glens, <m _«P» ^
banks and roadsides, and on storm-swept mountains, where they flourish

among the stones and rocks. . •_,i.qa qo

Of the 46 British and 33 Irish species of Ferns, our province yields

* with the exception of a few plants found in Leitrim.

5

Phillips and Praeger — The Ferns of Ulster.

Asplenium lanceolatum being the only Irish Fern which does not occur in the
district.* Of these 32 species, five may be accounted extremely rare, having
been found in only one or two localities in the district ; these are : —

Polypodium Dryopteris.

Lastrea spinulosa.

Adiantum Capillus- Veneris.

Trichomanes radicane.

Ophioylossum lusitanicum.

Five others may be called very rare, occurring as they do very sparingly in
the province: —

Allosorus crispus.

Polystichum Lonchitis .

Lastrea Thelypteris.

Asplenium viride.

Hymenophyllum Tunbridgense.

Six more come under the head not common : —

Polypodium Phegopteris.

Lastrea Oreopteris.

Cystopteris fragilis.

Hymenophyllum Wilsoni.

Osmunda regalis.

Botrychium Lunar ia.

Five under the head rather common : —

Lastrea cemula.

Polystichum aculeatum.

Ceterach officinarum.

Asplenium marinum.

Ophioylossum vulgatum.

And finally, eleven under the head common, being plentifully distributed
through the district : —

Polypodium vulgare.

Lastrea Filix-mas.

dilatata .

Polystichum angulare.

Athyrium Filix-fcemina.

Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum.

Trichomanes.

Ruta-muraria.

Scolopendrium vulgare.

Blechnum spicant.

Pteris aquilina.

* It is confined to counties Cork and Kerry.

6 Phillips and Praeger—The Ferns of Ulster.

This grouping is, of course, only approximate, and if taken as referring to
any particular county or district might give very erroneous results ; bub
•when taken as referring to Ulster as a whole, it will, we think, convey a
pretty correct general idea of the distribution of our local Ferns.

In two instances— namely, when referring to Lastrea Filix-mas and to the
divisilobe class of varieties of Polystichum angulare—we have departed from
our course as compilers of a list in order to describe some new classification
which has recently been adopted by the leading authorities on British Ferns.
This is not to be found in any of our Fern manuals, and, we believe, will
prove interesting to the botanists of the Club. We have been compelled,
much against our will, to adopt an alphabetical arrangement of the varieties,
since no scientific classification of them has been made, and we did not feel
qualified to attempt this task ourselves. The British Pterodological Society
performed a great service in classifying the varieties of Polystichum angulare>
though unfortunately their results have not been published ; but the Atliy-
riums , Lastreas , and Scolopendriums still remain unarrangod, waiting for some
champion to arise to give each one its proper place in the world of Ferns.

In the difficult task of naming the varieties, we have obtained much
valuable assistance from kind friends on the other side of the channel; among
these we would specially mention Colonel Jones, of Bristol, and George B.
Wollaston, Esq., of Chislehurst, to both of whom we are deeply indebted, both
for naming fronds submitted to them, and for sending us plants and fronds of
English forms of our varieties. From the beautiful nature-printed plates of
varieties of British Ferns, brought out by Colonel Jones, under the auspices
of the British Pterodological Society, we have abstracted our notes on Lastrea
Filix-mas and Polystichum angular e proliferum, and have derived much other
assistance. To Mr. S. A. Stewart, F.B.S.E., we also owe many thanks for
information supplied as to localities for species.

As to the distribution of varieties very little can be said. The varieties
of Ferns are peculiar, in as much as they generally occur as isolated plants.
Occasionally a little colony of some variety is discovered ; but usually a
single plant is all that is obtained in any one place. A few of the exceptions

to this rule we may mention : — _

P. angulare capitatum has been known to grow in Ballygomartin Glen,
near Belfast, for some twenty years ; and in spite of frequent depredations,
may still be found there. The Irish Polypody is a striking exception,
as it generally occurs in considerable quantity where it occurs at all. The
ditches about Ballymenoch, Holy wood, have long yielded examples of P. angu-
lare interruptum. On sea-cliffs near Torr Head, in Go. Antrim, this summer,
we discovered a large colony of very curious interrupted forms of Athynum
Filix-fcemina ; and many other instances might be quoted. But the most
noteworthy example occurs on the Mourne Mountains, where two very inter-
esting varieties of Blechnum , trinervium and anomalum, occur in hundreds on

Phillips and Praeger — The Ferns of Ulster . 7

the hill- sides ; yet we have no record of either of these forms having been
found in any other locality in Ulster.

In conclusion, we may say a few words as to the times at which the
various observers, whose names occur in the following pages, lived and
laboured in the cause of science. Mr. Templeton was the great pioneer
°.f ."Ulster, botany, and the accuracy and care displayed in his notes have
excited the admiration of all who have followed in his wake ; most of his
records date between 1780 and 1810. After him came Messrs. Thompson,
Whitla, and Hyndman (about 1820 to 1840), each of whom contributed his
share towards the knowledge of our local flora. Other names which fre-
quently occur in the “Flora of Ulster” (1864), from which we have extracted
many notes, are those of Messrs. Ferguson, Millen, and Orr, and that of the
author, Dr. Dickie. Following many of the localities in this list will be found
the names of Dr. Mackay and Dr. Moore, each of whom did so much good
work in the cause of Irish botany. More recent observers, whose names
often occur in this list, are Messrs. S. A. Stewart, H. 0. Hart, and R. M.
Barrington. After each locality we have given, as far as we were able, the
name of the original finder; and where the plant has been since observed
there we generally mention it.

1. POLYPODIUM. POLYPODY.

1. P. VU1GARB. Common Polypody.

Rocks, walls, trees, and woods — plentiful throughout the district.
Ascends to about 1000 feet on the mountains. On summit of Ben Bulben
(1721 feet), T. H. Corry.

ad pres sum.

Craigauntlet, Co. Down, R. LI. P.

bifidum.

Oastlereagh, Co. Down, W. H. P. and R. LI. P. Holywood hills, Co
Down, R. LI. P.

denticulatum.

Lough Gill, Co. Sligo, Moore’s N.P. Ferns. Knockagh, Co. Antrim,
R. LI. P.

rotundatum.

Near Knockmore, Co. Fermanagh, W. H. P.
semilacerum (Irish Polypody ).

Co. Antrim. — Redhall Glen, Templeton ; Glenoe and Islandmagee,
B. N. F. C. ; east branch of Woodburn glen, T. H. Corry ; Garron Point

8 Phillips and Praeger—The Ferns of Ulster .

and Knockagh R LI. P. Near Knockmore, Co. Fermanagh, W. H. P.
Island in Lough Erne, Co. Donegal, T. H. Corry Eedhall and Glenoe are
two well-known stations for this handsome variety, and at both it grows
abundantly and luxuriantly; in the latter place we have measured fronds
14 foot long by 9 inches broad. It is almost confined to Co. Antnm-
doubtless the limestone is the attraction there, but why is it so rare m o er
limestone tracts ?

Beech Pern.

2. P. PHEGOPTERXS.

Not common.

DamAscIndsa to over 2000 feet in the mountains. At 2400 feet on Slieve

Antrif-North branchof Glenarve river, Templeton, «09. On Slievenanee
and in Glendun, Rev. S. A. Brenan. Glenariff, W. H. P., R. U. P., Sc
By waterfall on Inver river above Glenariff, and by the Camlough and

Linford rivers, and on Trostan, R. LI. P. . _ i * n

Down. — Two miles south of Slieve Croob, and on Slieve Bmgmn Templeton
land later in latter station, Rev. H. W. Lett and R. L . ).

mountain, above ToUymore Park, W. Thompson ; (since observed Like™,
Rev H W. Lett, W.H.P. and R.L1.P.) Rostrevor, Rev. George
Robinson On Slieve Donard and Slieve Commedagh, S. A. Stewart.
Luke’ s mountain, W.H.P. Sparingly near Craigauntlet above Holywoo _,
and on Slieve Bearnagh, Slieve-na-glough, and ^Thomas mountain, R.L1J-.
Louth. — Carlingford mountain, Robt. Browne, 1801, and since by B.N.F.C.,
Rev H W. Lett, W. H. P. and R. L1.P.

Armagh.* — Frequent on rocks on N.E. slope of Slieve Gullion, Rev. H. W.

Deny.3 * * 6— Ness Glen, Templeton. By the Owenrigh river, near Banagher,
S. A. Stewart. Near Dungiven, B.N.F.C., 1872. _

Donegal. — Lough Eske, Mackey. Near Killybegs A. G. More. Glenah
Carradoan, Angterlinn, Croghanmore, Poisoned G1»>
mountain, Glenveigh, Alt mountain near Ardara near _ Lough Finn,
Milford woods by coast between Slieve-a-tooey and Magheragh, and at
2000 feet on Slieve Snacht West, H. C. Hart. Crockaughnm, Charles
"Moore.

Tyrone. — Strabane Glen, W. H. P.

Fermanagh.— Near Brookeborough, Rev. S. A. Brenan.

3. P. BRVOPTPBIS. Extremely* rare'.

ocklayd, CybeleHibernica. Since a single pLnt

Of this fern was discovered by Dr. Moore in the above locality near y

half a century ago, it has not been observed in the North _o ^Irelan .
we very much doubt if it can now be reckoned among our local fer .

Phillips and Praeger — The Ferns of Ulster . 9

£P. ROBERTIAHUM is reported to have been found on Oarlingford
Mountain, Co. Louth, but this is very unlikely, and requires ample
confirmation.]

2. ALLOSORUS. ROCK-BRAKE.

1. A. CRXSPUS. Parsley Pern.

Rocky places on mountains. yery rar0>

Antrim.— Knocklayd and Carrickfergus Commons, David Moore. South brow
of Slievenanee at 1500 feet, Dr. Dickie — since observed in above station
by T. EL Corry and Rev. S. A. Brenan.

Down.— On Slieve Bingian, Templeton, 1808— and recently, Rev. H. W. Lett
and R. LI. P. On Shanslieve, Slieve-na-brock, and north side of Slieve
Donard, Rev. H. W. Lett. Near the Eagle Rock, on the road from
Hilltown to Kilkeel, Mr. Barcroft. On south side of Slieve Donard, and
on the mountain north of Cove mountain, R. LI. P.

Louth. — Carlingford mountain, very rare, B.N.F.C., 1878.

Derry. — Clontygearagh mountain, David Moore.

Donegal.— Very sparingly on Alt mountain near Ardara, H. C. Hart.

Fermanagh. — On Cuilcagh mountain near Florencecourt, John M‘Donald.
Very rare and scanty in the district, only isolated plants occurring
here and there.

3. LASTREA.

1. Xi. THEXiTPTERXS. Marsh Pern.

Wet places. y ery rar0.

Antrim. — Plentiful about Portmore Park and wood, Templeton, 1794. Banks
of Six-mile water near Ballyclare, G. C. Hyndman and F. Whitla.

Donegal.— By the river Erne near Ballyshannon, A. G. More. By the same
river near Belleek, H. C. Hart.

Tyrone.— By a small lake near Caledon Rectory, Rev. G. Armstrong. At
Omagh and Gorteen Gap, G. H. Kinahan.

Cavan. — Near Belturbet, David Moore.

Donegal and Tyrone are the only counties where this fern has been recently
found; it is very strange how it has died out at Portmore.

IO Phillips and Praeger—The Ferns of Ulster .

Mountain Fern.

2. I>. ORBOPTERIS.

Banks and mountain pastnres. Not common and xeiylocal.

Antrim -At the base of the hill above Carrickfergus, J. Bea Glendun,
BNFO 1879— a well-known locality, where it grows in grea pro u .
Gb^sk, behind Ballycastle, Dr. O’Connor Glenarm Deerpa* sonth
side of Glenariff, at Culraney north of Bnnabay Head, in Glenaan,

near Cushendall, R. LI. P. »

Down — Tollymore Park, Templeton, 1805-often since recorded from this
^ station. Thomas monntain, W. H. P. In various places about New
pi w TT P R LI P &c Luke’s mountain, and near Moneyscalp
weft ’of Bryansford, and on the Holywood bills, B. L1.P. Very
rare in last locality.

Armagh —On Ferry Hill above Narrow Water, R. LI. P. .

Deiryv— Bennedy near Dnngiven, David Moore. Cushcape near Dungiv on
Ind on Slieve Gallion near Desertmartin, S. A. Stewart. Moyola Park
“ cTstledawson, B.N.F.O. Mnllaghmore, H. 0. Hart. L.gnapeiste,

Donefal^— Milroy Bay, Newman. Gap of Barnesmore W. Thompson.
Ifflybegs, L rL Lough Eske, B. Barrington. Minting^ Charles
Moore. Near Black Gap, T. H. Corry. Banks of Eske river, Glen river
Lough head river, and Beelan water, at Glenveigh and Bunlinn, and
plentiful in glens in Innishowen, H. C. Hart. Near Bnncrana, W. H. P.

Tvrone. — Strabane Glen, W. H. P. _ all

Leitrim. Sonth side of Glenade mountain, B. Barrington and B. P. Yowell.

interrupta. Glendun, Co. Antrim, E. L1.P.
revolvens. Newcastle, Co. Down, W. H. P.

Male Fern.

3’ ^ow generally admitted that this species as described by Presl
includes three distinct forms, which are elevated to the rank of sPec“s ^
Mr. Wollaston. We append the most obvious of their characters brie y

as possible under their several heads. fPronds

A Propinqua-mas (Wollaston). (Filix-mas abbreviate Moore.) (Fronds
' and pinnae concave, pinnules biserrate, colour dull pale green ; perfect y
deciduous, texture soft; indusium embracing spore-cases, persistent,

cntifc). Extremely rare.

Dry hedge-banks and woods.

Near Carngaver, Co. Down, R. LI. P., 1882.

B rilix-mas (Presl). (Fronds and pinnae convex, pinnules serrate
' biserrate; colour shiny pale green; texture papery;

deciduous; indusium not embracing spore-cases, eventually evanescen ,

disrupted). Common.

Woods, glens, roadsides, &<?,

II

Phillips and Praeger — The Ferns of Ulster .

argrentea. (Record lost), W. H. P. A white variegation,
confluens. Ligoniel, Co. Antrim, W. H. P.
flava. (Record lost), W. H. P. A yellow variegation,
interrupta. Castlereagh, Holywood, Newcastle, Cushendall, &c. — a
common but inconstant variety.

C. Pseudo-mas ( Wollaston ). ( Filix-mas paleacea , Moore). (Fronds and

pinnae plane, pinnules entire or very slightly toothed, colour bright
yellowish green when young, deep shining green when mature ; rachis
thickly clothed with rich golden-brown scales ; texture coriaceous ;
evergreen or sub-evergreen ; indusium embracing spore -cases, persistent,
entire.

Woods, hedges, and wastes. Common,

crispata. Holywood and Castlereagh, Co. Down, W. H. P. The Rock,
Co. Tyrone, Rev. S. A. Brenan.

cristata. Upper Cultra Wood, Co Down, Robert Milligan — a very good find,
foliosa. Newcastle, Co. Down, W. H. P.

Interrupta. Castlereagh, Holywood, Dundonald, &c. — like Filix-mas in -
terrupta , a common but inconstant form,
monstrosa. Holywood, Co. Down, W. H. P. An extreme form of interrupta ,
but constant.

polydactyla. Newcastle, Co. Down, W. H. P.

4. Xi. DXXiATATA. Broad Buckler Fern.

Woods, rocks, hedges, &c. Abundant.

Occurring in all situations throughout the district. Of all our local ferns,
this is the one which occurs at the greatest altitude on the mountains,
ascending even higher than Blechnum. On the Mourne mountains, we
have observed it up to over 2000 feet. At nearly 2500 on Slieve Donard.

interrupta. Holywood waterworks, Co. Down, R. LI. P.

truncata. Holywood hills, and Dundonald, Co. Down, R. LI. P.

5. Xi. SPIXO-UXiOSB..

Damp shady places. Extremely rare.

Derry. — Frequent by the river Roe near Dungiven, David Moore. Dr. Moore
sent specimens to England and had his find confirmed by Thomas Moore
of Chelsea. This is the only record of this fern in Ulster which we
consider perfectly reliable : forms of L. Dilatata are often mistaken for it.

6. Xi. JEXIZUXiiV. Bree’s Fern.

Damp woods and hedgebanks. Generally distributed but not common.
Ascends to about 1000 feet.

Antrim.— Cushendall, Moore’s N.P. Ferns. Among heather at 1000 feet on
the summit of Carnaneigh, and plentiful in the wood at Murlough Bay,

R.L1. P.

1 2 Phillips and Praeger — The Ferns of Ulster.

Down. — Slieve Donard and sandhills at Dnndrum, Dn Dickie. B*tonw“
Demesne and near Tyrella, C. Dickson. Onitra, W Mdlen, and la r
yj H P. — now extinct. Drumbo Glen, Alexander Bober son.
in Tollymore Park-a well-known station-and near the Spa, Ballyna-
hinch, W. H. P. Near Dunbeg Lake N.W. of Ballynahinch, and spar-
ingly near Newtownards and Dundondald, R. LI. P.

Lonth.-By the Two-Mile River on Garlingford Mountain, R. LI. P.

Armagh-Plentiful in the woods on Ferry Hill above Narrow Water R. LI P

Derryf — Coleraine, Moore’s N. P. Ferns. Garvagh, Davtd Moore. On an old
bank inland from Portrush, W. H. P. . . ,, , .

Donegal. — Milroy Bay, Longh Derg, Lough Swilly “d

Moore’s N. P. Ferns. KiUybegs and Lough Eske, B. Barrmgt .
howen Head, Aran Island, and in woods near Oarndonagh, and at Glenall ,
Bathmullen, and Carrablagh, H. 0. Hart. Buncrana, W. H. P.

Tyrone. — Strabane Glen and Sion Mills, W. H. P. Near Pomeroy, S. A.

Fermat-Near Pollaphuca, E. Barrington. Carrick and Drumbad, S. A.
Stewart. Frequent in the county, W.H.P. _ _ . _

Cavan. — Lough Sheelin, and by the E. Erne at Lough Gowna, B L . .

Sligo. — Abundant on Ben Bulben ; shores and islands of Lough Gill, W.H.P.

Leitrim.— Glencar and Glenade, B. Barrington and E. P_ Vowell.

angustipinnula. Tollymore Park, Co. Down, W. H. P.

4. POLYSTIOHUM. SHIELD FERN.

Holly Fern.

1. P. IiONCHITIS. _y

Very rare.

On mountains, among stones.

Ascends to the summit of Ben Bulben (1721 feet), T. H. Corry.
Donegal.-Rosses and Fanet mountain passes* and m a glen east of Lough.

Eske, David Moore. Slieve League, H. 0. Hart.

gligo, On Ben Bulben and other mountains m County Sligo, Dr. Mackay,

and later by S. A. Stewart and T. H. Corry. r ,

Leitrim. — On the Glenade Mountains, W. H. P. Common m parts of Glenade,
R. Barrington and R. P . Vowell.

_ _ Prickly Shield Fern.

2. P. ACUIiEATTJM.

Woods hedgebanks, and stony places. Bather local. An upland fern.

Antrim — Glenarm, CushendaU, &c„ Templeton. Colin Glen W Thomp-
son. Stoneyford, WolfhiU, Crow Glen, Lough Mourne, Woodburn, and

* “Having applied to Dr. Moore, X learn this was a mistake."-H. C. Hart.

Phillips and Praeger—The Ferns of Ulster . 13

Larne, W. H. P. Glynn, Glenarm Deerpark, Glendun, Glonariff, Carn-
lough, Murlough Bay, and Binnagee, R. LI. P.

Down. — Tollymore Park, W. Thompson. Rademon Demesne, Cultra, and
Hillsborough, W. H. P. Rostrevor, Clandeboye Demesne, Craigauntlet,
Carngaver, and Crawfordsburn, R. LI. P.

Louth. — By the Two-Mile River on Garlingford Mountain ( lobatum form),
R. LI. P.

Armagh.— Near Tynan, W. H. P. On Ferry Hill, above Narrow Water,
R. LI. P.

Donegal. — By the River Erne opposite Cliff, and plentiful on Crockaughrim,
H. 0. Hart. Mintiagh, Charles Moore.

Tyrone. — Aughnacloy, G. H. Kinahan. Dungannon, W. H. P.

Fermanagh. — Not uncommon on the hills, S. A. Stewart. Plentiful in the
county, W. H. P.

Monaghan. —Near Monaghan, W. H. P.

Cavan. — Not uncommon on the hills of North Cavan, S. A. Stewart,
furcans. At Tynan, Co. Armagh, and in Co. Fermanagh, W. H. P.
gracile. Co. Fermanagh, W. H. P.

The varieties lobatum and loncliitioides are of frequent occurrence, but we
do not consider them very distinct.

3. P. Alf CrVIiARS. Soft Shield Pern.

Woods, glens, and hedgebanks. Plentiful.

Essentially a lowland fern — excepting one isolated plant, we have never
found it at over 500 feet. Our district is very rich in varieties of this
species, which, on account of their complicated nature, we have found
some difficulty in naming correctly.

acutum. Glendevis, Co. Antrim, W. H. P. Cultra, Co. Down, R. LI. P.

acutilobum. See proliferum.

attenuato-interruptum. Glenarm, Co. Antrim, R. LI. P.
attenuato-furcans. Cultra, Co. Down, R. LI. P.
brachiatum. Kilroot, Co. Antrim, W. H. P.
brachiato-cristatum. Castlecoole, Co. Fermanagh, W. H. P.
brachiato-decompositum. Crow Glen, Co. Antrim, W. H. P. Stormont,
and Dundonald ( Tripinnatum Praeger , Jones), Co. Down, R. LI. P.
capitafum. Antrim Road and Springfield, Belfast, W. H. P. Holy wood,
Co. Down, R. LI. P.

capitatum (. Eamulosum , Stansfield). Glendevis, Co. Antrim, W. Gault, and
later, W. H. P. and R. LI. P. Clandeboye, Co. Down ; and Strabane
Glen, Co. Tyrone, W. H. P. Cultra, Dundonald, and Stormont, Co. Down;
Castle Dobbs, Co. Antrim ; and Lough Sheelin, Co. Cavan, R. LI. P.
coriaceum. Castlereagh, Co. Down ; and Springfield, Belfast, W. H. P.
cristatum. Dalchoolin, Co. Down ; and Kilroot, Co. Antrim, W. H. P.

14

Phillips and Praeger — The Ferns of Ulster.

Holywood, and Stormont, Co. Down; and Castle Dobbs, Co. Antrim,
R. LI. P. Stormont Demesne has yielded two, and the Castle Dobbs
neighbourhood no less than three, distinct forms of this rare variety,
cuneatum. Castlereagh, Co. Down ; and Castlecoole, Co. Fermanagh,
W. H. P. Carngaver, Dundonald, and Craigavad, Co. Down, R. LI. P.
The Craigavad form develops into grandidens in a very extraordinary way.
cuneato-setosum. Cave Hill, Co. Antrim; and Castlecoole, Co. Fermanagh,
W. H. P. Two elegant forms.

decompositum. Cultra, Co. Down ; Castle Dobbs, Co. Antrim ; and Castle-
coole, Co. Fermanagh, W. H. P. Stormont, Co. Down, R. LI. P.
decompositum densum. Stormont, Co. Down, R. LI. P.
decurrens. Cultra, Co. Down, R. LI. P.
deltoldeum. Crow Glen, Co. Antrim, W. H. P.

dentatum. Crow Glen, Co. Antrim, W. H. P. Craigauntlet, Co. Down,
R. LI. P.

divlsllobum. See proliferum.
exile. Holywood, Co. Down, W. H. P.
frondosuma Castlereagh, Co. Down, W. H. P.
furcillatum. Finnebrogue, Co. Down, W. H. P.
gracile. Castlecoole, Co. Fermanagh, W. H. P.

grandiceps. Cave Hill, Co. Antrim, John Bland. A very rare variety; the
Cave Hill plant is distinct from other forms of grandiceps.
grandidens. Co. Fermanagh, Rev. R. Eccles, and L. Erne, Rev. W. Bailey,
Moore’s N.P. Ferns. Craigavad, Co. Down, W. H. P. and R. LI. P.
grandidens truncatum. Craigavad, Co. Down, R. LI. P. Does not grow
more than four inches high.

lneequale. Crow Glen, Co. Antrim, W. H. P. Castlereagh, Co. Down,
W. H. P. and R. LI. P. Cultra, Co. Down, R. LI. P.
insequale setosum. Glendevis, Co. Antrim, W. H. P.
incurvatum. Ormeau, Co. Down, W. H. P. .

interruptum. Crawfordsburn, Co. Down ; Lisburn and Springfie , o.
Antrim, W. H. P. Holywood, Co. Down, W. H. P. and R. LI. P. Cultra
and Dundonald, Co. Down ; and Glenarm, Co. Antrim, R. LI. P. Several
different varieties appear to be included under this name. Thus, our
Holywood plant is a symmetrical and pretty form, while that from Craw-
fordsburn, and much more some of the Devonshire forms of interruptum,
are widely different, being very irregular and ragged,
interruptum caudatum. Glenarm Park, Co. Antrim, R. LI. P.
interruptum setosum. Stormont, Co. Down, R. LI. P.
irregulare* Holywood, Co. Down, W. H. P.

laclniatum. Holywood, Oo. Down, W. H. P. Craigauntlet, Co. Down,

R. LI. P.

latifolium. Knock, Co. Down, R. LI. P.

Phillips and Praeger — The Ferns of Ulster. 1 5

laxum. Castlereagh and Crossgar, Co. Down ; and Kilroot, Co. Antrim,
W. H. P. Dundonald and Cultra, Co. Down, R. LI. P.
llneatum. Cultra, Co. Down, R. LI. P. Has not, so far, proved constant,
multifidum. Dundonald, Co. Down, R. LI. P.
multilobum laxum. Castle Dobbs, Co. Antrim, R. LI. P.
perserratum. Glenarm, Co. Antrim, R. LI. P.

polydactylum. Glendevis, Co. Antrim, W. H. P. Stormont, Co. Down,
R. LI. P.

proliferum. Following the classification of the leading pterodological authori-
ties, we arrange this difficult and beautiful class of varieties under two
heads — acutilobes and divisilobes. Mr. Wollaston thus characterises the
two subdivisions : —

a. acutilobum. Tripinnate ; all divisions of frond acute, anterior and posterior
pinnules almost of same length.

b. divisilobum. Tripinnate ; same as acutilobum , except that the anterior
and posterior pinnules are of very unequal length, the latter far longer,
and the divisions altogether more highly developed. A well-grown plant
is subquadripinnate or even quadripinnate. Our district has so far
yielded only a few of these beautiful varieties, but such as have been
found eminently maintain its reputation as a first-class hunting-ground.

a. acutilobum. Castlereagh, Co. Down, W. H. P. Castle Dobbs, Co. An-

trim, R. LI. P.

b. divisilobum. Castlecoole, Co. Fermanagh, W. H. P. {divisilobum

laxum , Jones). Characterized by Mr. Wollaston as “a gem of the first
water.”

divisilobum Crawfordiae. [proliferum Crawfordianum of Stansfeld).
Crawfordsburn, Co. Down, Miss Crawford. This is the celebrated Craw-
fordsburn Fern, one of the most beautiful of a beautiful class, which was
found near Crawfordsburn in 1861 by a labourer of Miss Crawford, only
a single plant being discovered at the time, and in spite of frequent search
it has never been found since. The plants usually sold as Crawfordsburn
Ferns in the market are a far commoner form, viz .—divisilobum Alchinii.
The genuine plant is found in very few collections ; it is easily recog-
nisable by the very broad and overlapping character of the pinnse, and
the extreme breadth of the fronds,
quadratum. Co. Antrim, A. Stansfield, Moore’s N.P. Ferns,
retroflexum. Glenarm, Co. Antrim, R. LI. P.
revolvens. Castleton, Co. Fermanagh, W. H. P.

rotundatum. Ligoniel, Co. Antrim ; and Castlecoole, Co. Fermanagh,
W. H. P. Craigavad, Co. Down, R. LI. P. The first-mentioned is a
splendid rotundate form ; the others are not so distinct,
rotundo-interruptum. Holy wood Hills, Co. Down, W. H. P. and R. LI. P.
setosum. Castlereagh, Co. Down, W. H. P* Cultra, Co. Down, R. LI. P.

1 6 Phillips and Praeger—The Ferns of Ulster.

setoso-gracile. Castlecoole, Go. Fermanagh, W. H. P.
setoso-variegatum. Castlereagh, Co. Down, W. H. P.
tripinnatum. Castle Dobbs, Co. Antrim, W. H. P. Holywood and Stor-
mont, Co. Down, R. LI. P. .

truncatum. Colin Glen, Co. Antrim, W.H.P. Stormont, Craigauntlet,
and Orawfordsburn, Co. Down, E. LI. P. Trnnoate forms are not on-
common, but are generally inconstant ; the Orawfordsburn p ant is e
best we have found.

varians. Holywood and Cultra, Co. Down, W. H. P.

variegatum. Dundonald, Co. Down, R. LI. P. Variegated forms are ex
tremely rare.

5. ATHYRIUM. LADY FERN.

1. A. FILIX-FCEIVEINA. Common lady Fern.

Woods, hedgebanks, and mountains. Abundant and generally distributed.
Occurs up to a considerable elevation on the mountains, growing in
sheltered corners among stonos.
adpressum. Cultra Wood, Co. Down, R. LI. P.

apuaeforme. Stormont, Co. Down, W. H. P. A very neat crested form. .
conioides. Near Scrabo Hill, Co. Down, Du Noyer. Glenarm, Co. Antrim,

R. Li. P. . T „

conioides multifidum. Above Holywood, Co. Down, Miss L. Munster.
Near Craigauntlet, Co. Down, R. LI. P. The Holywood Hills district
has thus thrice yielded varieties of the conioides type,
cristatum. Bryansford, Bloody Bridge, and Cultra, Co. Down, W. H. P.
cristatum laxum. Ballynahinch, Co. Down, W. H. P.
crispum. On Orra More, Co. Antrim, A. Smith. This was the original
discovery of this well-known and beautiful form, which is to be found in
every collection.

cruciato-cristatum. Castlerock, Co. Derry, R. LI. P. A very remarkable

form. •

cruciatse-pinnulae. Castlerock, Co. Derry, R. LI. P. A very rare

variety.

decompositum. Craigauntlet, Co. Down, R. LI. P.

elegans. Duneight, Co. Antrim, Eoy. W, D. Pounden. A beautiful form,
approaching plumosum.

foliosum. Craigauntlet, Co. Down, R. LI. P.

Friselliee. Seven Acres, Fanet, Co. Donegal, H. C. Hart. A very rar^.

frontlosum. Dundonald, Co. Down, W. H. P. Cuuhendun, Co. Antrim,
R. LI. P.

7

Phillips and Praeger — The Ferns of Ulster. i

glechenioides. Colin Glen, Co. Antrim, W. H. P.
gracile. Inch near Downpatrick, Co. Down, W. H. P.

inaequale. Bryansford, Co. Down, and Killymoon, Co. Tyrone, W. H. P.
Dundonald, Stormont, Holy wood, Craigauntlet, and Newcastle, Co. Down ;
and Glenarm, Co. Antrim, R. LI. P.

incisum. Killybegs, Co. Donegal, R. Barrington, Moore’s N. P. Ferns,
interruptum. Carlingford Mountain, Co. Louth, W. H. P. Sea-cliffs south
of Torr Head, Co. Antrim, R. LI. P.

Interruptum Phillips ( Clapham ). ( Craciatce-pinnulce , Fox). Holywood,
Co. Down, W. H. P., 1864 ; and R. LI. P., 1884. Newcastle, Co. Down,
W. H. P. Garron Point, Co. Antrim, and Lough Sheelin, Co. Cavan,

R. LI. P.

laciniatum. Killybegs, Co. Donegal, R. Barrington, Moore’s N. P. Ferns.
Holywood, Co. Down; and Garron Point and Glenarm, Co. Antrim,

R. LI. P.

latlfolium. Craigauntlet, Co. Down, R. LI. P.

latifolium Praeger ( Wollaston ). Castlerock, Co. Derry, R. LI. P.

multifldum. Dunmore, Co. Down, Wylie. Stormont, Co. Down, W. H. P.

and R. LI. P. Dundonald, Co. Down, R. LI. P.
ramosum. In a cave at Newcastle, Co. Down, W. S. Johnston. Holywood,
Co. Down, R. LI. P.

rectangulare. Castlerock, Co, Derry, R. LI. P.

reflexum, Rademon Demesne, Co. Down, W. H. P. Newcastle, Co. Down,
R. LI. P.

reflexum multifldum. Castlerock, Co. Derry, R. LI. P.
reflexum furcatum. Dundonald, Co. Down, R. LI. P.
rhoeticum. Cushendall, Co. Antrim, David Moore. Killybegs, Co. Done-
gal, R. Barrington. We do not know the variety as a distinct form.

6. ASPLENIUM. SPLEENWORT.

1. A. ABIANTUIVT-K’XGRUM. Black Spleenwort.

Old walls, dry banks, and rocks. Very general. Ascends to over 1000 feet
on the mountains. Plentiful on banks by roadside south of Rostrevor,
growing freely among the grass — an unusual position ; old walls are its
favourite haunt.

acutum. “In a dark cave among the Mountains of Mourne, County of
Down; Sherard.” Raii Synopsis (1724) ( Filix minor longifolia , &c.).
Very sparingly on basaltic cliffs on Binevenagh, Co. Derry, S. A.
Stewart. On an old hedgebank near Newtownards, Co. Down, R. LI. P.

1 8 Phillips and Praeger — The F erns of Ulster .

Sberard’s note would seem to be tbe original record of this beautiful fern
from tbe British Isles. There appear to be two forms of this plant— an
extreme form, which is the Killarney acutum, and with which, from the
Latin description, Sherard’s plant appears to be identical; and an inter-
mediate form, to which the specimens from Binevenagh and Newtownards
belong, and which is plentiful in Madeira, the Azores, and parts of Spam,
which Mr. Wollaston, one of our greatest pterodological authorities,
raises to the rank of a species- Asplenium acutum. Fronds of our New-
townards plant have been sent to several of the leading pterodologists,
and the following opinions speak for themselves : —

“ It is identical with the one I found all through the Pyrenees.
I hardly think that it is a distinct species, though very distinct as a
variety.”— E. J. Lowe. “Asplenium Acutum (Lowe) of Madeira, which
as a British plant, has only been found on mountains in the south-west of
Ireland.”— G. B. Wollaston. “ The Asplenium I consider an acute form
of Adiantum-nigrum .” — A. M. Jones.

2. A. MARINUM. Sea Spleenwor .

Maritime rocks. Occurs in all suitable localities in the district.

Antrim.— Plentiful all round the coast.

Down . — Porta voe, very rare, W. H. Patterson. Abundant on the rocks at
Newcastle.

Derry and Donegal.— Abundant along the coast line, wherever rocks occur.

3. A. TRICHOMANES. Maidenhair Spleenwort.

Walls, rooks, and dry banks. Very general ; localities are unnecessary.

Ascends to a considerable elevation on the mountains,
depauperatum. Knockmore, Co, Fermanagh, W. H. P.
interruptum. (Moulei, Stansjield). Rocks on north side of Slieve Donard,

Co. Down, R. LI. P. . .

multifidum. Near Sligo, and in Co. Fermanagh, W. H. P. Garron Poi ,

Co. Antrim, R. LI. P.

4. A. VIKIDE. spleenwort.

Alpine rocks. Very rare. ,

Donegal.— Mountains near Lough Eske, E. Murphy. Gully »u the n rth
side of Slieve League, Oyb. Hib. Supplement. Lough Salt Mountains,
by the waterfall above Lough Eske, and old walls near Raphoe, a, L.
Hart.

Fermanagh.— Mountains near Florencecourt, T. Plunket.

Sligo.— Ben Bulben, Dr. Mackay ; since found there, T. H. Corry, tt.
Hart, W. H. P.

Leitrim.— On the Glenade Mountains, W. H. P.

i9

Phillips and Praeger — The Ferns of Ulster.

5. A. RUTA-IVIURARIA. Wall Rue.

Old walls, and very rarely on rocks. Very generally distributed. Luxu-
riantly on limestone cliffs in Co. Cavan ; a few plants on basalt at Fair
Head ; R. LI. P. The latter is the only case in which we have known
this species to grow on anything but lime. Ascends to 1,800 feet on the
Ben Bulben range, T. H. Corry.

7. SCOLOPENDR1UM.

1. S. VU1GARE. Hart’s tongue.

Woods, shady banks, and old walls. Very general. Rare about Warren-
point and Rostrevor, R. LI. P.
cornutum. Dundonald, Co. Down, R. LI. P.
crenatum. Castlerock, Co. Derry, R. LI. P.

crispum. Castleton, Co. Fermanagh, Rev. W. D. Pounden. Strabane Glen,
Co. Tyrone, W. H. P. A rare and beautiful variety,
cristatum. Craigdarragh, Co. Down, Mrs. Munster, and later, R. LI. P.
insequale. Clandeboye, Co. Down, R. LI. P.
involvens. Grey Point, Co. Down, R. LI. P.
marginatum. Grey Point, Co. Down, R. LI. P.

marginato-cornutum. Grey Point, Co. Down, R. LI. P. A curious dwarf
form, about three inches high. Leafy portion of frond almost absent,
multifidum. Colin Glen and Redhall, Co. Antrim, W. H. P. Glenarm and
Woodburn, Co. Antrim ; Dundonald, Co. Down ; and Castlerock, Co.
Derry, R. LI. P.

muricatum. Glendevis, Co. Antrim ; and Belleek, Co. Donegal, W. H. P.
peraferens. Colin Glen, Co. Antrim, W. H. P.
peraferens variegatum. Colin Glen, Co. Antrim, W. H. P.
polycuspis. Co. Fermanagh, T. Plunket. Glencraig, Co. Down, R. LI. P.
ramosum. Castlereagh, Co. Down, and Castle Dobbs, Co. Antrim, W. H. P.

Castlerock, Co. Derry, in a sea-cave, R. LI. P.
revolvens. Castlecoole, Co. Fermanagh, W. H. P.

supralineatum. Marble Arch, Co. Fermanagh, and Knocknarea, Co. Sligo,

W. H. P.

undulosum multifidum. Redhall, Co. Antrim, R. LI. P.
variegatum Phillipsii ( T . Moore). Colin Glen, Co. Antrim, W. H. P.
One of the handsomest new varieties which our district has yielded, the
fronds having a white margin.

20

Phillips and Praeger—The Ferns of Ulster.

8. CETERACH.

i. c. orrxciwARUM.

Old walls.

Scale Fern.

Very local.

Antrim.— Cave Hill, on the Deerpark wall (still there'), and Galgorm near
Ballymena, Templeton, 1801. Castle Dobbs, W. H. Ferguson. Mucka-
more, very rare, D. Redmond. Abundant on an old bridge over the
Clough Water, between Clough and Brougbsbane, Rev. H. W. Lett.
Abundant on Park Mill Bridge five miles from Glenarm, and on walls
and a bridge in Glenarm Deerpark, R. LI. P.

Down.— Old wall at Donagbadee (still there), and on a wall at Freemount
north of Newry, Rev. G. Robinson. Rostrevor, Crawford. Bryansford,
W. Thompson. Turner’s Hill near Newry, C. Dickson. Hillsborough
Park wall, Rev. C. H. Waddell. A single plant on a garden wall at
Sydenham,’ Miss M. Patterson— possibly an escape. Near Kiliinchy, J.
Wilson. Old wall near Newcastle, W. H. P.— since observed there,
R. LI. P. Old wall at Rademon House, R. LI. P.

Armagh.— Goragbwood, Rev. G. Robinson. Near Bessbrook, and on the wall
of Lurgan Demesne, Rev. H. W. Lett.

Donegal. — Ballyshannon, H. Allingham. Old wall at Brown Hall-very rare in
Donegal— H. C. Hart. Bridge over the Lennan between Lough Fern and
Ramelton, Rev. L. O’Brien. Near Bundoran, W. H. P.

Tyrone. — Cappagb, Dr. Kinahan.

Fermanagh. — Florencecourt, Hon. J. L. Cole.

Leitrim. — Glenade, S. A. Stewart.

crenatum. Abundant on Rough Fort Bridge, Co. Antrim, B.N.F.C., 1878,
and often since observed. It is singular that only the crenate form occurs
there. Park Mill Bridge on the Glenarm River, Co. Antrim., R, LI. P.

Woods, heaths, and mountains. Amm

Ascends to nearly 2000 feet. .

anomalum. This curious variety, in which all the fronds are fertile half
way down, occurs abundantly on the Mourne Mountains, chiefly at the
Newcastle end, but we have not heard of its having been found m any
other locality in the province.

9. BLECHNUM.

1. B. SPXCANT,

Hard Fern,

Abundant.

21

Phillips and Praeger — The Ferns of Ulster .

anomalum ineequale. Newcastle, Go. Down, E. LI. P.

anomalum multi fid um.
anomalum trlnervium.
bifidum.

On mountains near Newcastle, Co. Downj
W. H. P.

caudatum.

crlspatum.

crlstatum.

cruclatum.

/

crenatum. Drumseugh, Co. Antrim, W. H. P.
foliosum. Rostrevor, Go. Down, W. H. P.
heteropbyllum. Glenarm Deerpark, Go. Antrim, R. LI. P.
multifidum. Holywood Hills, and Dundonald, Co. Down, R. LI. P.
ramosum. Newcastle, Co. Down, R. LI. P.
serratum. Holywood Hills, Co. Down, R. LI. P.

strictum. Bloody Bridge near Newcastle, Co. Down; and Strabane Glen,
Co. Tyrone, W. H. P.

trlnervium. This striking variety occurs abundantly at the Newcastle ond
of the Mourne Mountains, where it was first observed by W. H. P. in
1876, and where it forms a peculiar feature of the local flora. The fronds
are shaped like a cross-handled sword, owing to the extraordinary develop-
ment of the lowest pair of lobes, which sometimes measure three to four
inches across.

undulosum Praeger ( Wollaston ). Craigauntlet, Co. Down, R. LI. P.

The Mourne Mountains are very rich in varieties of Blechnum, as the above
list shows.

A comparatively lowland species, rarely ascending so high as 1,000 feet
on the mountains.

multifidum. Kilmore, Co. Down, S. A. Stewart.

varlegatum. Killeen near Sydenham, Co. Down, A. Robertson. Coleraine,
Co. Derry, Rev. Robert Kyle. In Glenariff, Co. Antrim, and near Castle-
rock, Co. Derry, R. LI. P. An extremely rare variety.

10. PTERIS.

1. P. AQUIIINA.

Woods, heaths, and wastes.

Brakes or Bracken.

Very common.

22

Phillips and Praeger—The Ferns of Ulster.

11. ADIANTUM. MAIDENHAIR.

1. A. CAPIMTJS-VBBTERXS. Common Maidenhair.

* , , a o Extremely rare.

Wet rocks near sea. ; .

Donegal — In one place on the cliffs of Slieve League, Rev. L. 0 Bnen.

Found in a second locality in this district by the B.N.F.C. in 1880, when

it was thought advisable not to publish the exact spot.

Leitrim Glencar, J. Wynne, and later by R. Barrington and R. P.

Vo well. , , . .

Reported to grow in Dunkerry Cave, Giants’ Causeway, bnt conBrmation is
very necessary. Also reported from Glenariff, Co. Antrim.

12. CYSTOPTERIS. BLADDER FERN.

1. O. PRAGIHS. B,addOT

Wet rocks and old walls.

Ascends to about 1,500 feet on the mountains.

At 1,850 feet on the Ben Bulben range, T. H. Corry.

Antrim.— Woodburn Glen, Templeton. Sallagh Braes, G. 0. Hyndtnan, an
later B N F.C. Glenariff, B.N.F.C., and later, W. H. P. and R. LI.
Wall’s of Retreat Castle near Cushendall, T. H. Corry. Glenarm Deer-
park, Linford River, Trostan, and on limestone at Muriough Bay, ana
very abundant by roadside near Retreat railway station, R. Li. P.

Down. — Mountain above Tollymore Park, W. Thompson Slieve Donard,
Dr. Dickie. In Rademon Demesne, and on Slieve-na-glongh, chansheve,
and the mountain north of Cove M., R. LI. P.

Armagh.— On an old bridge near Armagh, W. M‘Crum.

Derry. — By the River Roe near Limayady, David Moore.

Donegal.— Alt Mountain near Ardara, Binmore, Coolcross, and Bulbem Moun .
and near Pettigo, Laghy, and Moynalt, H. C. Hart.

Tyrone. — Dart Mountain, Admiral Jones.

Fermanagh.— In the baronies of Magheraboy and Clanawley
Knockmore, W. H. P.

Monaghan.— Anketell Grove, Miss Moffett.

Cavan.-Common in the barony of Tnllyhaw, S. A. Stewart.

Sligo.— Ben Bulben, Dr. Dickie ; and later, W. H. P., &c.

angustata. Knockmore, Co. Fermanagh, S. A. Steward

aentata. Cavan and Fermanagh; frequent in the district west
Erne, S. A. Stewart.

S. A. Stewart.

;OUgh

23

Phillips and Praeger — The Ferns of Ulster .

13. TRICHOMANES. BRISTLE FERN.

1. T. RADICALS. Klllamey Fern.

Very damp shady rocks. Extremely rare.

Donegal. — In the Journal of Botany , vol. XXII. (1881), p. 213, the following
note occurs : — Trichomanes radicans in Donegal — On the 25th May last,
Mr. Pierce Mahony, whilst following his duties in connection with the
Irish Land Commission, discovered the Killarney Fern in a valley in
N.W. Donegal. Miss Grove, of Castle Grove, has also seen it in the
same valley, and specimens have been sent to Dublin. I think it advis-
able to withhold the exact locality. This information has been given me
by Mr. Ulick Bourke, Irish Land Commission. — H. C. Hart.

14. HYMENOPHYLLUM. FILMY FERN.

1. H. TUNBRID6ENSE. Tunbridge Filmy Fern.

Moist shady places. Very rare.

Antrim — In Glendun, Rev. S. A. Brenan.

Down. — On Slieve Donard, Dr. Dickie.

Armagh. — In a Glen on Ferry Hill, above Narrow Water, R. LI. P.

Donegal. — South Donegal, B.N.F.C., 1880. Slieve League, C. Dickson. Glen-
veigh, by the lakeside, and in the “Backwood,” Cai'radoan, H. C. Hart.
Tyrone. — In a glen between Aughnacloy and Augher, Cyb. Hib. Supplement.
Fermanagh. — Mountain near Florencecourt, Rev. S. A. Brenan.
latifollum. In a glen on Ferry Hill, Co. Armagh, R. LI. P. A very curious
new variety, some of the fronds measuring over two inches across.

2. H. WXLSONTX. One Sided Filmy Fern.

Wet rocks. Frequent.

Antrim. — Colin Glen and Glenariff, Templeton — since observed in latter sta-
tion, R. LI. P. Rocks at the base of M‘Art’s Fort, Cave Hill, G. C.
Hyndman, 1838, and later by others. Slievenanee, Dr. Dickie. Sallagh
Braes, S. A. Stewart, and later, B.N.F.C. Glendun, Rev. S. A. Brenan.
Glenarm Deerpark, W. Darragh. By Carnlough River, and on Binnagee,
R. LI. P.

Down. — Tollymore Park, Cove Lough, and north side of Diamond Mountain,
Templeton, 1796 ; often since observed in first of these stations. In a
cave on Slieve Lamagan, and on the mountain north of Cove Mountain,

R. LI. P.

24 Phillips and Praeger—The Ferns of Ulster.

Derrv. — On Benbradagh and Dart Mountains, David Moore.

Donegal. — Innishowen, W. Thompson. Errigal, Nephin, and L°aS™>

Dr Dickie. Glencolumbkill, B.N.F.C., 1871. Bnncrana T. H Corry.
Erris Mountains, Glenveigh, Poisoned Glen, Carradoan, Errlgal, and to
the summit of Slieve Snacht West (2200 feet), Ooolcross, and Gap of
Mamore, H. C. Hart.

Tyrone. — Gorteen Gap, Dr. Kinahan.

Fermanagh. — Florencecourt, Hon. J. L. Cole. Knoekmore and Drumbad,
S. A. Stewart.

Cavan. — Cuilceagh, and Slievenakilla, S. A. Stewart.

Sligo. — Annacoona east of Ben Bulbon, R. Barrington and R. P. Yowelh

ramosum. In a cave on Slieve Lamagan, Mourne Mountains, R. LI. P. An
extraordinary variety, the frond being often four or five times branched.

15. OSMUNDAi

Royal Pern.

1. O. REGAIiIS. Very local.

Itofr-^shore8 a°t "s' Castle, G. C. Hyndman-extinct there now.
Near- Ballinderry, Sefton. Bog at Springmount near Glarryford, J. H.

Garrett exterminated about 1855, Rev. H. W. e .

Down. — Donard’s Cave in the Mourne Mountains Kirkiston Bog bog no
Grevabbev and by a lake S.W. of Castlewellan, Templeton, 1793. By
the river above Newcastle, W. Thompson-here it grew abundantly td
1877, when it was completely exterminated, Rev. • •

at Bloody Bridge, and in a cave at the same place, C-Dicksom By to

Kilbroney River near Mr. at Newcastle, R. LI. P.

ArmSX atth: sou* mid 'of Lough Neagh, Templeton-this station is

Der^^^ “

Denial —Lough Eske, and Goat Island, Lough

£ ^Very^are^in^Inmi^Mven^^^C^Hart. Bally—,

H Bingham Shores of Lough Derg, S. A. Stewart. Arran Isles,
H C. Hart. Bundoran, W. H. P.

^^^^^-abundant and luxuriant by the streams,
s. A. Stewart. Oarrick Lake, W. H. P.

25

Phillips and Praeger — The Ferns of Ulster .

Leitrim. — On the Glenade Mountains, W. H. P.

Sligo. — Shores of Lough Gill, R. Barrington and R. P. Vowell.
interrupta. Carrick Lake, Co. Fermanagh, W. H. P. A very distinct new
variety.

16. BOTRYCHIUM. MOONWORT.

1. E. EUWARIA. Common Moonwort.

Dry natural pastures. Rather local.

Antrim. — Near the second lock on the Lagan Canal, Hannahstown, Knockagh,
Black Mountain, and Knocklayd, Templeton. Wolfhill, G. C. Hyndman.
Altmore Glen near Cushendall, W. Thompson. Above Colin Glen, S. A.
Stewart. Shane’s Castle, Squire’s Hill, and near Randalstown, B.N.F.C.
Near Kells, D. Redmond. Cave Hill, C. H. Brett and W. H. P. Carna-
neigh, shore at Cushendun, and on Crosslieve near Cushendall, R. LI. P.
Down — Scrabo Hill, Templeton, 1806. Carngaver Hill, and on sandhills near
Newcastle railway station, S. A. Stewart. Carrowreagh Hill near Craig-
auntlet, and Conlig Hill, R. LI. P.

Derry. — On Benevenagh, David Moore.

Donegal — Culdaff, Dr. Dickie. Templecarn, near Pettigo, Miss Young.
Gweedore, P. Mahony. Near Burnfoot, Charles Moore. Leenane, Carra-
blagh, west side of Rossgull, Seven Arches, Mullaghmore, and Kildrum,
H. C. Hart.

Cavan — Lough Sheelin, R. LI. P.

Sligo. — Near the summit of Ben Bulben, S. A. Stewart.

17. OPHIOGLOSSUM. ADDER’S TONGUE.

1. O. VU16ATUM. Common Adder’s Tongue.

Moist natural pastures. Rather local.

Antrim.— By the Lagan near the second lock, Templeton, 1806. On the
Knockagh, W. Thompson, and B.N.F.C. 1886. Malone, Dr. Dickie.
Wolfhill, W. Millen. Colin Glen and Rathlin Island, S. A. Stewart.
Shane’s Castle, 1863, and Cave Hill, 1871, B.N.F.C. Bog Meadows, and
Springfield, W. H. P. Plentiful in fields at Cairncastle, R. LI. P.
Down.— Grey abbey, 1864, and Mountstewart, 1877, B.N.F.C. Near Cultra
House, Robert Patterson— still there. Killinchy, J. Wilson. Crawfords-
burn, Mrs. Munster.

26 Phillips and Praeger — The Ferns of Ulster.

Armagh.— Ardmore near Lurgan, and abundant in short grass on the shores
of Lough Neagh, where it is under water for four winter months, Rev.
H. W. Lett.

Derry.— Springhill, Garvagh, Somerset, Mountsandal, and sandhills at

Magilligan, David Moore. #

Donegal.— Kilderry, W. E. Hart. Ballyshannon, Carrablagh, Glinsk, Horn
Head, Brown Hall, and very abundant at Leenane, H. G. Hart.
Leitrim.— Near the base of Arroo Mountain, Kinlough, R. Barrington and
R. P. Vowell.

2. O. X.USITANICUM. Dwarf Adder's Tongue.

Dry natural pastures. Extremely rare.

Donegal.— On Horn Head and on Carrigan Head, H. C. Hart. . One of our
rarest local ferns, whose only known British station— if British it may be
called — was Guernsey, till Mr. Hart discovered it on Horn Head in 1878.
The same observer has since found it in Co. Kerry.

Holywood, Co. Down,

November 26th, 1886.

W. H. PHILLIPS.

R. LLOYD PRAEGER.

to Aua >8/

APPENDIX II.

VOL. II.

THE ESTUARINE CLAYS

AT THE HEW ALEXANDRA DOCK, BELFAST,
WITH LIST OF FOSSILS

BY R. LLOYD PRAEGER, B.E., B.A.

PUBLISHED BY

THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB.

January, 1888,

{Proceedings Belfast Naturalists' Field Club. — Appendix 1886-1887.)

On The Estuarine Clays

AT THE

NEW ALEXANDRA DOCK, BELFAST.

4.

the construction of the new Alexandra Graving Dock, on the
County Down side of the river Lagan, some good sections of our
Pose -tertiary Estuarine deposits have been exposed. Being constantly
on the ground, I have had a favourable opportunity of observing
the different beds over a considerable area, with the organic remains which they
contain, and I propose to briefly describe the various strata pierced through in
connection with this work, and some of their characteristic fossils.

The Pleistocene Clays of the Lagan Estuary have already been closely
scrutinised by members of this Club, and in the very complete list compiled by
Mr. S. A. Stewart, F.B.S.E.,* containing the results of his own and Mr. (now
Eev. Canon) Grainger’s f extensive researches, no fewer than 142 species of
fossils are recorded as occurring in these beds. An examination of the deposits
exposed in the excavations at the Alexandra Dock has resulted in some additions
to this list, and in the present paper I shall notice such species as are noteworthy
from their abundance or otherwise in particular beds, or which have not
previously been recorded from our North of Ireland Estuarine Clays, and an
annotated list is added of all fossils recently observed in the deposits in question.

Figure 1 represents a section measured with the spirit-level near the inner
entrance of the Dock, and it may be taken as a typical section of the beds
exposed. Their relative thickness varied considerably in different parts of the
works, but the same sequence was noticeable throughout ; and a similar general
relation may be observed, not only where borings or sections have been made

* Stewart— “ Fossils of the Estuarine Clays of Down and Antrim,” — Proc. Belfast
Naturalists1 Field Club, Vol. 1., Appendix II.

t Grainger, in Natural History Review, Vol. VI., for 1859,

30 Praeger — The Estuarine Clays

through the strata in the Lagan Estuary, hut in the Quaternary Estaarine
deposits in other parts of Ireland, and in England and Scotland. At the
Alexandra Dock we hare first several feet of clay and sand, which bed was still
in course of formation when the works were commenced, its upper surface being
a little above low water mark. Below this is a bed of yellow sand, containing
many shells, which probably corresponds in age with the flint-bearing gravels
the Kinnegar at Holy wood and the Curran at Larne. Immetotely underlying
this is that very distinct deposit, the Estuarine Clay, which at Belfast, Lame,
and other points around our coasts, possesses the same peculiar features and
yields the same characteristic fossils. Below this is a bed of peat, corresponding
with the submerged peat which occurs in so many places on the shores of t
British Isles. This rests on fine red glacial sand, the same deposit which occurs
at Malone and at the Knock ; which rests in turn on very fine tough red clay-
re-assorted Boulder Clay. Underlying this is the Boulder Clay proper, with
glacially striated pebbles, which, Anally, overlies the New Bed Sandstone. These
last two formations were not exposed at the Dock, but there is no doubt they
underlie the red clay, as they do at other points in the immediate vicinity. We
have thus an unbroken series of deposits, stretching from the Boulder Clay
Period to the present day, and “ offering,” says Mr. Stewart, “ perhaps the bes
means of filling up the gap in geological history between the close of the Glacia

Epoch and the present day.” . , , .

So much for the general section. I now come to a more minute description
of the deposits, and shall begin with the section which is shown in Figure 1.

This is as follows A M

1 Blackish clay, with sandy layers, of a depth of six to seven feet, the surface

between tide marks. Characteristic shells of this deposit are -.-Mya arenana
Gardium edule, Tellim Batthica, Mytilm edulis. Mya occurs m beds of
thousands, the sheUs all in the position in which they lived, and generally with
the siphonal tube preserved. Cardium is also very abundant. This bed yielded
two specimens of Helix nemeralis, no doubt washed into it by surface water;
and unusually large single valves of Zucma borealis were not unfrequent.

2 Two feet of coarse yellow sand, with abundance of shells, and also tiun
layers' of twigs and hazel nuts. The shells are often much worn, and generally
occur as single valves, and the deposit has all the appearance of an old sandy
beach Pecten opercularis, Zittorina litorea, Mytilm Mis, occurred here
abundantly, and fine specimens of Tapes pullastra, Tdeemsatus mi Thracia
convexa, which two latter species are not now found living m Belfast Lough-
Among the rarer forms which were noticed were :-F,ssurella Grceea Troehm
magus. Patella vulgata, Turns amtiqum, Murex erinaeeus, Cypma Ewopcea
Anemia patellifmmis, Venus lincta, Cypnrn Islandica. Six species new
Estuarine Clays were observed :-Fusm gracilis, Anemia striata, Tapes

Venus faseiata, V. exoleta, Area tetragona. Several worn valves of
piperata were noticed-this shell will be referred to later on-they had probab y
been washed from the underlying beds.

at the New Alexandra Dock , Belfast. 31

3. Immediately below the yellow sand, the line of demarcation being
remarkably sharp and well defined, is the Estuarine Clay proper. This forma-
tion, as Mr. Stewart has shown,* consists at Belfast of two beds which were
laid down under widely different circumstances — an upper one, which was
deposited in some thirty or forty feet of water at least, and a lower one, which
is of a littoral character. The upper bed consists of very fine homogeneous blue
clay, and is here about six feet thick. It is remarkably rich in shells, both large
and small, many of which do not now exist in our waters, and they are for the most
part in a beautiful state of preservation. Thracia convexa, Lucinopsis undata, Car-
dium echinatum , Scrobicularia alba , Ostrea hippopus, Acera bullata, are abundant,
and characteristic of the deposit. Among many rare fossils obtained from this bed
may be mentioned : — Actceon tornatilis, Cyprcea Europcea, Cardium Norvegicum,
Tellina tenuis. Not hitherto recorded from the Belfast bed are : — Aclis
supranitida , Trochus umbilicatus , JRissoa striata , Melampus bidentatus , Utriculus
obtusus, Cardium nodosum ; and the following are new to the deposits : — Capulus
Hungarians, Helcion pellucidum, Cylichna cylindracea , Utriculus mammillatus ,
Anomia aculeata , Echinus sphcera. Beds occur of Ostrea and Eecten maximus ,
both of which attain a large size ; Scrobicularia piperata is almost unknown.
Near the top of the deposit a shell layer occurred, made up almost entirely of
Scrobicularia alba and the spines of two Echinoderms — Amphidotus cordatus and
Echinus miliaris. It is to be noted that the former, which now occurs around
our coasts only in sandy bays, here lived abundantly on a bottom entirely
muddy.

At the base of the bed just described is a narrow zone in which the boring
shells, Pholas crispata and Eholas Candida, occur in profusion ; this layer was
also observed by Mr. Stewart on the County Antrim side of the Lagan. The
shells are found in a horizontal bed, all in the position in which they lived. P.
crispata is of very large size, twice the size which it now attains on the North
of Ireland coasts— one specimen measured five inches in breadth by seven and
a half in girth. The occurrence of these shells between the overlying deep-
water clay and the underlying littoral deposit is of great interest, “and their
appearance,” says Mr. Stewart, “is the first intimation of the subsidence then
commenced.”

4. We now come to the lower clay, which had a depth of between six and
seven feet. It is of a more sandy nature, and has a yellower colour than the
upper bed, and is full of the remains of the Grass Wrack, Zostera marina, which
furnishes further proof, if such were needed, that this is a shallow water deposit.
But the contained fossils testify this conclusively. Scrobicularia piperata is the
leading shell of this bed, occurring all through in extraordinary profusion ; an
essentially littoral species, which is now quite extinct on our northern coasts.
Other characteristic fossils ar e:—Zittorina litorear, Cardium edule, Tapes
decussatus. The latter attains by no means so large a size as it does in the bed

* Stewart- “Latest fluctuations of the sea-level on our own coasts,” Eighth Annual
Report, Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club, 1871. °

22 Praeger — The. Estuarine Clays

of sand above. Shells are far more abundant than in the upper clay, hut the
number of species much more limited, and they are many of them in a fragile
condition. Eare forms which were noticed here are Scaphander ligmrius ,
Pleurotoma septangularis , and Eulima bilineatcr, also Philine scabra, Pectenpusio,
and Jllactra solida , var. ettiptica , which are new to the Clays. At the base the
bed becomes very sandy, and Tellina Palthica is abundant, along with quantities
of Cardium edule of small size. The lowest zone consists of grey sand, and is
quite unfossiliferous.

5. Immediately underlying the basal sandy layer of the lower clay is the
hed of peat before -mentioned, which is now some 27 feet helow high water
mark, showing a corresponding subsidence of the land. Of course a far greater
subsidence, followed by upheaval, has taken place ; for if the upper clay was
deposited in 40 feet of water, the total depression must have amounted to 50 or
60 feet, followed by 30 or 40 feet of subsequent upheaval. The peat is one to
two feet thick, very much compressed, and had originally a much greater depth,
as is shown by the flat ellipses into which round branches have been pressed.
It is full of trunks and boughs of trees, some of which extend upward into the
grey sand. Among the vegetable remains, Willow, Hazel, and Alder are easily
recognisable. Hazel nuts occur, and the cones of the Scotch Fir. The broad
leaves of the Iris are frequent, with remains of rushes and sedges. But the
most interesting fossils which the submerged peat yielded were thebones^of
laige quadrupeds— a tusk and two portions of the jaw of the Wild Boar, and a
rib, vertebra, and leg-bone of the Eed Deer. Wing-cases of insects are of not
unfrequent occurrence, and in a tolerable state of preservation. In one place a
layer of grey sand occurred in the middle of the peat, rapidly thinmng out m
all directions. A sample of this was kindly examined microscopically by Mr.
Joseph Wright, F.G.S., but no organic remains were found. That the vegeta-
tion which formed this peat flourished on the spot on which it now rests, and
was not drifted thither, is proved by the abundance of fine roots which descend
several feet into the underlying deposit, which consists of

6 Grey sand, some two to three feet deep, very fine on the top, coarser
below. In addition to the roots from the peat, of which the sand is fufl, me
only organisms which this bed yielded were Foramimfera ana Ostracoda, oi
which Mr. Wright, who has very kindly examined samples of all the deposits a,
the Dock for microscopic forms, detected seven species, namely
seminulum, Sulimim pupoides, Lagena lavigaU, Jtotalia Beccarn, honvmna
depressula. Loxoconcha guttata , Cythere pellucida.

7 The grey sand merges into fine red glacial sand, a deposit winch is

largely developed all aronnd Belfast. It is very barren in organic the

only fossils detected being two Foraminifera and two Ostracoda : t ySl°”

striato -punctata, Rotalia Beccarii, Cythere pellucida, Loxoconcha guUcua^
This sand, which contains occasional clayey layers, had a thickness o

four feet, and rested on „ , , iTl not

8. Very fine tough red clay, of glacial age, the base of whxc

33

at the New Alexandra Dock , Belfast.

reached in the deepest excavation at the Dock — the foundation of the Rudder
Well, over fifty feet below high water mark— although fifteen feet of it had
then been passed through. No organic remains were discovered here, but this
was probably due to the small sample submitted for examination.

As regards the microscopic fossils of these beds, it may be remarked that of
the 104 species of Foraminifera recorded from the Post-tertiary deposits of the
North-east of Ireland, by Mr. Joseph Wright,* the Alexandra Dock sections yielded
forty species, their distribution being as follows : — Estuarine Clay, 40 ; sandy
layer overlying peat, 4 ; grey sand under peat, 5 ; red sand, 2. Of twenty
species of Ostracoda, all occurred in the blue clay — one in the sandy layer above-
mentioned, two in the grey sand, and two in the red sand. One species of each
of these orders was found in every deposit throughout— Rotalia Beccarii and
Loxoconcha guttata.

If we now turn to the section at the outer entrance of the Dock, some 600
feet north of the one just described, some striking differences will be noticed.
At the west side of the entrance basin the Estuarine Clay is only four feet
thick, and below it is one foot of yellowish clay, which represents the bed of
peat. This rests directly upon the fine red sand, the surface of which is here
twelve feet higher than at the upper end of the works. At the east side, while
making excavations for the inlet culvert, an interesting section was exposed (see
Figure 2). Beneath some feet of clay and sand was a bed of coarse blackish
sand, with abundance of shells, at the base of which were some two or three
inches of almost pure shells. In this layer Littorina litorea was in great
abundance, along with Cardium edule , Mytilus edulis, Lucinopsis undata , and
Thracia convexa — some littoral and some deep-water forms, it will be noted.
This mixture of species is curious, but I think there can be little doubt that the
five to twenty fathom shells which occur here in profusion were washed out of
the upper clay. The faunas of the two beds (the sand and upper clay) are
remarkably similar, considering the very different conditions under which they
must have been laid down ; but a closer examination showed me that the deep-
water species in the yellow sand were almost confined to its lowest zone, which
abounds in the species that especially characterise the upper division of the
Estuarine Clay, which lies immediately below it. A fine valve of the rare
Cardium Norvegicum occurred here, several examples of Utriculus obtusus, and
a single specimen of U. mammillatus, which is new to the Clays. Immediately
below the shell layer is the Estuarine Clay, which at this point is only two feet
thick. The deposit is very sandy, except at its upper surface, and is replete
with species which have lived and died in what was then the sandy bottom of a
bay several fathoms deep. Full-sized examples of the large Lutraria elliptica
are of constant occurrence, along with large specimens of Mya truncata , and
Thracia convexa , Solen vagina , and Tapes pullastra ; of these Mya and Tapes
are the only species now found living in the waters of our Lough. A rare and

•Wright— “ Post-tertiary Foraminifera of the Xorth-east of Ireland.’’— Proc.Belfast
Naturalists’ Field Club, Vol. I., Appendix V.

34

Praeger — The Estuarine Clays

interesting specimen which I found here consisted of a large valve of Cyprtna
Islandica, to the interior face of which a full-sized Oyster was adhering, its
shell fashioned to the shape of the Cyprina , and the other valve was lying
close at hand. This tells of a slow rate of accumulation of the deposit. The
Cyprina lived and died, and the valves of its shell in time broke asunder. Then
the Oyster came and settled in the untenanted house of its predecessor, and it
grew and flourished before the slow rain of fine mud buried both m a quiet
grave. Pholas crisp at a and P. Candida occur frequently; and a single
specimen of Pholas dactylus , new to our Estuarine Clays, was observed. At
the base of the bed, where it is quite sandy, there is abundance of Cardtum edule
—this stratum evidently corresponds with the lower clay of the first section.
Below this we come directly upon the red sand ; there is no trace of the peat
bed. The sand is nearly twenty feet in thickness, and rests on the red clay. .

It is interesting to compare the sections above described with other sections
in the Lagan Estuary which have been examined by local geologists.
The beds exposed when Spencer Basin was in course of construction, on the
opposite side of the river, which were so thoroughly examined by Mr. Stewart,
consisted simply of some twenty feet of Estuarine Clay, which he divides mto
three well-defined zones : —

1. Surface clays ; abounding in littoral species.

2. Zone of Thracia convexa ; characterised by shells which live in five
to ten fathoms of water.

3. Scrohicularia zone ; in which littoral species again predominate.

The physical and palaeontological differences between the two latter were
more marked than at Alexandra Dock ; the beds of peat and sand were not
exposed.

Borings at King Street, in the centre of the town, under the superintendence
of Mr. fm. Swanston, F.G.S., showed a depth of no less than twenty-eight feet
of Estuarine Clay, at the base of which was a layer containing many twigs and
hazel nuts. Next came twenty-four feet of fine running sand, which yielded on
examination four species of Eoraminifera, two of these being the two forms
obtained in the red sand at the Dock. Beneath this was fifty feet of very fine
red Boulder Clay, in which two Foraminifera were found to occur very
sparingly, namely Rot alia Beccarii, and Polystomella striato -punctata , the

same species which formed the only fossils of the red sand in the Dock sections.
The fine clay rested on Boulder Clay, as it usually occurs in our neighbourhood,

100 feet in thickness, and abounding in Foraminifera, underlying which were

the sandstones of the New Red.

At Sydenham Railway Station a different state of things may he noticed.
We have only a couple of feet of Estuarine Clay, replete with the shells of
species which live between tide-marks, its upper surface being about three feet
above high-water mark, or sixteen feet higher than the top of the Estuarine
Clay at the Dock. Then comes a foot of yellow sand, at the base of which is
a narrow zone crowded with the crumbling remains of littoral species. This

at the New Alexandra Dock , Belfast.

35

rests, at different points, on fine red sand, gravel, or fine red clay ; but before
we have reached low-water level, we come upon the coarse Boulder Clay with
pebbles, which at this place is therefore some ninety feet higher than in the
Lagan Valley a mile to the westward, as shown by the King Street borings.

This concludes my brief notice of the Post-pliocene deposits of the Lagan
Estuary. The Belfast beds have now been pretty well examined, and our
knowledge of them is tolerably complete ; but there is still an ample field for
research in the similar clays which are to be found in almost all our loughs and
bays ; and it is to be hoped that other members of our Club will devote some of
their time and attention to these interesting deposits— the latest page of the
great mysterious volume of geological history. The clay at Magheramorne is
famous for the profusion of Foraminifera, some of them of great rarity, which
it yields,* and its richness in large fossils is apparent from the fact that during
one visit— my only visit to it— no less than seventy-one species of fossils were
noted, Microzoa excluded. Further examination of this deposit will without
doubt result in considerable additions to this number.

* See Wright— “ Post- tertiary Forams., N.E. Ireland,” Proceedings Belfast Naturalists’
Field Club, Vol. I., Appendix II.

Praeger — Fossils at Alexandra Dock , Belfast.

37

In the following list of 186 species and varieties found at Alexandra Dock,
I have employed the term “ top clays ” to designate the clayey and sandy beds
which formed the highest and most recent deposit. “ Upper clay ” signifies
the upper or deep-water zone of the Estuarine Clay, “Lower clay” the
underlying littoral deposit. On account, perhaps, of its less interesting and less
varied fauna, the lower clay was not so thoroughly examined as the zone above,
and it is probable that some of the species recorded here as from the upper clay
alone, occurred also in the lower bed.

I have to acknowledge much kind assistance rendered by Mr. S. A. Stewart,

E. B.S.E., in the identification of critical species; by Mr. Joseph Wright,

F. G.S., who catalogued the Microzoa of the deposits ; and by Professor
Cunningham, M.D., of Queen’s College, who identified the vertebrate remains.

LIST OF FOSSILS

OBSERVED IN THE ESTUARINE CLAYS AT THE ALEXANDRA
DOCK, BELFAST.

Note. — The nomenclature of the Mollusca is that adopted by J. Gwyn Jeffreys
in his Manual of British Conchology. The Foraminifera are named according
to H. B. Brady’s Report on the Foraminifera of the “ Challenger ” Expedition ;
the Ostracoda in accordance with Dr. G. S. Brady’s Report on the “ Challenger ”
Ostracoda.

Species marked (*) are additions to the Estuarine Clay fauna of the North
of Ireland ; those marked (f) are new to the Belfast deposit.

* Cervus elaphus, Linn.

A dorsal vertebra, right radius, and posterior right rib of the Red Deer
occurred at different spots on the upper surface of the peat bed.

* Sus scrofa, Linn.

Two portions of the lower jaw of a large Wild Boar, with teeth and both
tusks, and at another place a single tusk, were found in a position similar
to the Red Deer remains.

38

Praeger — Fossils at Alexandra Dock , Belfast

Helix nemoralis, Mull.

Two specimens of this land shell occurred in the top clays.

Patella vulgata, Linn.

Yellow sand, very rare, and much worn. (One specimen,

* Helcion pellucidum, Linn.

Several young specimens in the upper clay.

Grainger).

Fissurella Grseca, Linn.

Very rare ; a single specimen in the yellow sand.

* Capulus Hungaricus, Linn.

Upper clay, one specimen.

Troclius magus, Linn.

In the yellow sand and upper clay, very rare.

Troclius cinerareus, Linn.

Very frequent, except in the lower clay, where it did not occur.

f Trochus umbilicatus, Mont.

Upper clay, rare, and of small size.

Xiacuna divaricata, Fabr.

Very frequent, especially in the upper clay.

Xiittorina obtusata, Linn.

Frequent throughout.

Xiittorina obtusata, var. aestuarii, Jeff.

Two examples in the upper clay.

Xiittorina rudis, Maton.

Frequent in the upper and lower clays. (Scarce, Stewart).

Xiittorina rudis, var. tenebrosa, Mont.

Upper clay, one specimen.

Xiittorina litorea, Linn.

Common throughout the deposits.

Rissoa inconspicua, Aid.

Common, and generally distributed. Now quite extinct in our lough.

Rissoa membranacea, Adams.

With the last species.

Rissoa violacea, Desm.

Very frequent in the upper and lower clay,
f Rissoa striata, Adams.

In the upper clay, not uncommon.

Rissoa vitrea, Mont.

With the last, but rare.

Hydrobia ulvae, Penn.

Occurs throughout the deposits ; in abundance in the most recently formed
bed.

39

Praeger — Fossils at Alexandra Dock , Belfast.

Turritella terebra, Linn.

Frequent ; attains a large size in the upper clay.

Scalaria Turtonae, Turt.

Of constant occurrence in the upper clay. Not now living in Belfast
Lough.

f Aclis supranitida, S. Wood.

In the upper clay, rare.

Odostomia lactea, Linn.

This elegant little shell is not uncommon in the upper clay and yellow
sand.

Eulima bilineata, Aid.

A single specimen in the lower clay. (One specimen, Grainger).

Matte a catena, Da Costa.

One small example in the lower clay.

Matica Alderi, Forbes.

Upper clay, very frequent.

Aporrhais pes-pelecani, Linn.

Upper and lower clay, and yellow sand, abundant, especially in the first.
Cerlthium reticulatum, Da Costa.

In the greatest profusion throughout.

Purpura lapillus, Linn.

In different beds, hut very uncommon.

Buccinum undatum, Linn.

Plentiful in all but the top clays.

Murex erinaceus, Linn.

Very uncommon in the deposits, hut of large size.

Fusus antiquus, Linn.

A few specimens, of large size, occurred.

* Fusus gracilis, Da Costa.

In the yellow sand, extremely rare.

Nassa reticulata, Linn.

A common shell in the upper clay and yellow sand.

Nassa pygmaea, Lamk.

Very abundant in the upper clay, hut does not occur in either the lower
clay or top clay. See Mr. Stewart’s note in his list of Estuarine Clay
Fossils.

Pleurotoma brachystoma, Phil.

Two specimens in the upper clay.

Pleurotoma septangularis, Mont.

I found one specimen in the lower clay.

40 Praeger— Fossils at Alexandra Dock , Belfast

Cypraea Europaea, Mont.

Our little cowry is extremely rare. The upper clay yielded one specimen,
and the yellow sand another.

* Cylichna cylindracea, Penn.

In the upper clay, very rare.

* Vtriculus mammillatus, Phil.

A fragment of a shell of this tiny species in the yellow sand made me look for
more, and I discovered a perfect specimen in the upper clay.

f Utriculus obtusus, Mont.

In the upper clay and yellow sand, hut few and far between.

Vtriculus byalinus, Turt.

One specimen was discovered inside the closed valves o a apes ,
lower clay. (Plentiful in the Belfast bed, Stewart ).

Accra bullata, Mull. . .

In profusion in the upper clay, but so fragile that it is well nigh impossible

to obtain a perfect specimen.

Actaeon tornatilis, Linn.

One dilapidated specimen in the upper clay.

Scaphander lignarius, Linn.

Lower clay, very rare.

Philine aperta, Linn.

Very frequent in the upper clay and yellow sand.

* Philine scabra, Mull.

In the lower clay, very rare,
f Melampus bidentatus, Mont.

Upper clay, very scarce.

Anomia ephippium, Linn.

Quite abundant in the upper and lower clay and yellow sand, n every
variety of shape and size. I obtained one beautiful specimen adhering to
the flat valve of a large Pecten maximus , with ridges on both valves as
high and regular as those on the Pecten , and measuring four inches m
diameter.

* Anomia aculeata, Mull.

Two or three specimens occurred in the yellow sand.

Anomia patelliformis, Linn.

Very rare. One specimen was obtained in the yellow sand. (Rare, Grainger) .

* Anomia patelliformis, var. striata, F. 8f H.

Yellow sand, a single valve.

Ostrea edulis, Linn.

The Oyster is abundant throughout the deposits. Fine examples occur m
numbers in the upper clay, the colours in the interior as vivid as if the
animal had inhabited the shell but yesterday.

Praeger — Fossils at Alexandra Dock , Belfast.

4i

Ostrea edulls, var. hippopus, Lamb.

In the upper clay, frequent, and of immense size. One specimen weighed
over a pound and three quarters.

Pecten varius, Linn.

Single valves not uncommon, perfect specimens rare.

Pecten opercularls, Linn.

Fine examples are scattered plentifully through the upper clay ; in the yellow
sand single valves are abundant.

Pecten maximus, Linn .

In the upper clay, here and there, regular layers of the large shells of this
species and of the Ostrea were observed.

* Pecten pusio, Linn .

One valve of this deformed-looking species was found in the lower clay. A
rare shell in our present waters, and not hitherto observed in the Estuarine
Clays.

Mytilus edulls, Linn.

The Mussel is plentiful in the top clays and yellow sand, reaching in the
latter its full limit of size. In the upper clay it is unknown, but appears
again in the lower clay in a crumbling condition.

* Mytilus edulls, var. pellucidus, Penn.

Examples of this perhaps not distinct variety are frequent.

Mytilus modiolus, Linn.

Not at all common. I obtained one perfect specimen and a few fragments
in the upper clay.

Mytilus Adriaticus, Lamk.

Eare ; a few young shells in the upper clay.

Nucula nucleus, Linn .

Diffused through the upper clay.

* Area tetragona, Poli.

One complete specimen in the bed of yellow sand.

Montacuta bidentata, Mont .

This tiny bivalve is scattered plentifully through the upper clay and yellow
sand.

Montacuta ferruginosa, Mont.

In the upper clay, very rare.

Iiucina borealis, Linn.

In the uppermost deposit at the Dock large specimens of this shell occurred,
but only as single valves.

Axinus flexuosus, Mont.

Generally diffused, and abundant.

42

Praeger — Fossils at Alexandra Dock , Belfast .

Cardium ecbinatum, Linn. . ,

In the deep-water clay fine specimens of this beautiful species are abundant.
Worn single valves are common in the overlying yellow sand.

Cardium exiguum, Gmel.

Diffused through the deposits, hut scarce, and usually as single va ves.

+ Cardium nodosum, Turt .

The upper clay yielded one small valve of this species, so rare as an
Estuarine Clay fossil.

Cardium edule, Linn. . ,

In the top clays and yellow sand abundant and large, not uncommon in t
upper clay, and in the lower clay very abundant, hut of small size.

Cardium edule, var. rusticum, Chemn.

Some very oblique valves probably belong to this variety.

Cardium Norve&icum, Speng.

This fine shell is very rare. A single valve was discovered in the upper
clay, and another in the blackish sand of the outer entrance section. (One
valve, Grainger'. Two or three valves, Stewart).

Cyprina Islandica, Linn •

Beyond the complete specimen mentioned in my paper (p. 34), t y
evidence of the occurrence of this large shell was the fragments of one
great valve, which had been some five inches in breadth, which I found in
the yellow sand. (One perfect specimen, Stewart ).

Venus lincta, Fult. ,

Bare ; a few single valves scattered through the top clays an ye ow sa

* Venus exoleta, Linn.

Very rare ; three single valves occurred m the yellow sand.

Venus Gallina, Linn • .

Distributed through the upper and lower clays, but of small size.

* Venus fasciata, La Costa.

A single valve in the yellow sand.

Tapes aureusi Gmel.

Frequent, and scattered throughout.

Tapes aureus, var. ovata, Jeff.

Very rare. (Not uncommon, Stewart).

Tapes pullastra, Mont. .

In the upper clay and yellow sand, where it attams an unusual size.

(Frequent, especially in the lower zone, Stewart).

Tapes decussatus, Linn . . .. .

In the yellow sand very large valves are frequent. In the upper clay
uncommon, but large; and in the lower clay it occurs in profusion, hut

small.

Praeger — Fossils at Alexandra Dock) Belfast.

43

* Tapes virgineus, Linn.

Yery rare. I found two worn valves in the yellow sand.

Iiucinopsis undata, Penn.

In great abundance, and very large, in the upper clay, of which it is one of
the most characteristic fossils. Large single valves occur in numbers in
the shelly layer at the base of the yellow sand, lying on the upper surface
of the clay.

Tellina Balthica, Linn.

In profusion, but of small size, in the top clays. Abundant and large in
the lower clay, particularly in the basal portion.

Tellina tenuis, La Costa.

Very rare. A few specimens in the newest deposit.

Psammobia Ferroensis, Chemn.

Single valves occasionally observed.

* IVtactrasolida, var. elliptica, Brown.

One valve in the lower clay.

Mactra subtruncata, La Costa.

Yery frequent, but small and of variable form, in the deposits.

XiUtraria elliptica, Lamk .

Over the greater portion of the excavations young specimens only occurred,
but, as previously mentioned, near the outer entrance, where the clay
thinned out to a depth of only a couple of feet, full-grown specimens were
abundant, covered with a rich golden-brown epidermis, and measuring up
to six inches in breadth.

Scrobicularia alba, Wood.

In extraordinary profusion in the upper clay. Much rarer in both the
underlying clay and the yellow sand.

Scrobicularia piperata, Bellonius.

In countless thousands in the lower clay. Almost entirely absent from the
other beds.

Solen pellucidus, Penn.

Frequent in the deep-water deposit.

Solen vagina, Linn.

In the upper clay and yellow sand, not uncommon. It is very strange how
this species has disappeared from our bay, and how S. siliqua , which is
unknown in the Estuarine Clays, has taken its place.

Solen ensis, Linn.

With the last, but rarer.

Thracia papyracea, Poli.

Upper clay only, not rare.

Fossils at Alexandra Dock , Belfast

44 Praeger—

Thracia convexa, W. Wood.

Yery characteristic of the upper clay, in which it
Common also with Lucinopsis in the shell layer
clay. Quite absent from the lower and top clays.

is found in abundance,
which rests on the upper

Corbula gibba, Olivi,

Common in the upper clay, frequent in the lower bed.

Mya arenaria, Linn.

Top clays only, where it is in great abundance.

Mya truncata, Linn. . ,

Plentiful throughout the upper clay, and very large. Single valves m the

yellow sand.

Fholas Candida. Linn. ,

With the two following species, this boring shell occurred only m the
Pholad zone, between the upper and lower clay, where it was abundant.

Pholas crispata, Linn.

Perfect specimens, of most unusual dimensions (see p. 31), were observed
all over the area of excavation, but only in the zone above-mentioned.

* Pholas dactylus, Linn.

A single complete specimen in the Pholad layer.

Teredo ITorvegica, Speng. .

Fragments of the calcareous tubes of this species were found in the upper

clay.

* Echinus sphsera, Mull.

Spines of this large Echinoderm in the upper clay.

Echinus miliaris, Leske.

This “urchin ” is rather common in the clays, hut is of small size. ■ r.
Stewart mentions a thickly -packed layer of the shells of this species near
the surface of the upper clay at Spencer Basin.*

JLmphidotus cordatus, Fenn.

The fragile shells of this “ heart-urchin ” are rather common m the upper
elay, and its spines occur in profusion.

* Cancer pagurus, Leach.

Fragments of a large claw in the yellow sand.

* Carcinus maenas, Leach .

I twice got remains of this crab in the upper clay.

* Portunus depurator, Leach .

Top clays, rare.

Serpula triquetra, Linn.

Yery frequent on shells all through.

See Footnote, page 29.

Praeger — Fossils at Alexandra Dock, Belfast .

45

Serpula vermicularis, Linn.

Not uncommon in the deposits.

Cornuspira involvens, Reuss.

Frequent in the Estuarine Clay.*
t Biloculina ringens, LamJc.

Estuarine Clay, rare,
t Biloculina depressa', d' Orb.

Estuarine Clay, very rare.

XVXiliolina oblonga, Montagu.

In the blue clay, rare.

XVXiliolina seminulum, Linn.

Frequent in the blue clay; also occurred, but sparingly, in the grey sands,
both above and below the peat bed. (In great abundance, Stewart. Bare,
Wright).

f XVXiliolina secans, d'Orb.

In the blue clay, rare.

Miliolina subrotunda, Montagu.

Blue clay, rather frequent. (Very rare, Wright).

* XVXiliolina sclerotica, Karrer.

Blue Clay, frequent.

Trochammina squamata, J.*P.

Very rare in the Estuarine Clay.

Trochammina macrescens, Brady .

Estuarine Clay, very scarce.

Trochammina indata, Montagu.

Estuarine Clay, frequent.

Bulimina pupoldes, d'Orb.

Common in the Estuarine Clay, rare in the basal sandy portion.

Bulimina ovata, d' Orb.

Frequent in the blue clay.

Bulimina elegantissima, d'Orb.

Abundantly distributed through the blue clays.

Bulimina marginata, d'Orb.

With the last, and equally ^abundant.

Virgulina Schreibersiana, Czjzelc.

Blue clay, frequent,
f Bolivina punctata, d'Orb.

Generally diffused through the blue clay.

* I reoret that in the case of the Foraminifera and Ostracoda I did not take care to
obtain samples of both the upper and lower clays, and have them examined separately,
bam pies of the clays were closely scrutinized, but the fossils of both the littoral and deep
water beds were grouped together under the head of “ Estuarine Clay,” or “ Blue Clay ”

46 Praeger — Fossils at Alexandra Dock , Belfast.

Bolivina plicata, d'Orb.

Very frequent in the hlue clay. (Rare, Wright ).

* Bolivina difformis, Will.

In the hlue clay, rare.

Lagena Isevis, Montagu.

Estuarine Clay, frequent.

* Xiagena Isevis, var. clavata, d Orb.

Estuarine Clay, frequent.

Xiagena striata, d'Orb.

Frequent throughout the hlue clay .
f Lagena gracilis, Will.

One or two specimens only, in the hlue clay.

Xiagena semistriata, Will.

Rather more frequent than the last,
t lagena hexagona, Will.

Blue clay, very scarce.

* Xiagena laevigata, Eeuss.

A few examples in the grey sand under the peat.

* Lagena laevigata, var. lucida, Will.

Frequent in the Estuarine Clay.

* Xiagena Orbignyana, Seg.

Blue clay, very scarce,
t Sffodosaria communis, d'Orb.

A single specimen in the hlue clay,
f K’odosaria scalaris, JBatsch.

Very sparingly distributed,
f Cristellaria rotulata, Lamk.

Blue clay, very rare.

Polymorpbina lactea, W. £ J.

A few examples in the Estuarine Clay,
f Uvigerina angulosa, Will.

Not at all common.

4 Globigerina inflata, d'Orb.

Very rare, one specimen only.

Biscorbina globularis, d'Orb.

Not uncommon in the hlue clay. (Very rare, Wright).
f Planorbulina Mediterranensis, d'Orb.

Blue clay, frequent.

Truncatulina lobatula, W. § J.

Blue clay, scarce.

Praeger — Fossils at Alexandra Dock , Belfast.

47

Rotalia Beccaril, Linn.

Abundant in the blue clay, and in the greatest profusion in the basal sandy
layer. In the grey sand below the peat it was of frequent occurrence, and
in the red glacial sand a few much-worn specimens were observed.

f Rotalia nitida, Will.

In the Estuarine Clay, very rare.

ffonionina depress ala, W. $ J.

Common in the blue clay. In the grey sand overlying the peat it was very
scarce, but in the grey sand under the peat it again occurred abundantly.

Polystomella crispa, Linn.

Of frequent occurrence.

Polystomella striato-punctata, F. # M.

In the Estuarine Clay abundantly ; also in the red sand, where it was
extremely rare.

Pontocypris mytiloides, Norman .

Blue clay, rare.

Cythere pellucida, Baird.

Abundant in the blue clay and in the sandy layer at its base ; very rare in
the red sand. Abundant in the lough at the present time*

Cythere crispata, Brady.

Plentiful in the blue clay ; very rare in our present waters.

Cythere viridis, Muller.

In the blue clay, very scarce. (Throughout the deposits, Brady , Crosskey ,
and Robertson), f

Cythere lutea, Muller.

Blue clay, not common.

Cythere conveia, Baird.

Blue clay, very rare.

Cythere villosa, G. 0. Sars.

Very rare. (Throughout the clays, Brady , Crosskey , and Robertson).

Cythere concizma, Jones.

Common in the Estuarine Clays.

Cythere tutoerculata, G. 0. Sars.

Like the last, common.

Cythere Dunelmensis, Norman.

In the Estuarine Clay, not unfrequent. Extremely rare in our present
waters.

* For the present distribution of Ostracoda in our waters, see Malcomson, “Recent
Ostracoda of Belfast Lough.”— Proc. Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club, Vol. II., Appendix IX

+ Brady, Crosskey, and Robertson— Monograph of the Post-tertiary Entomostraca of

bCOtlanrL r». 109

48 Praeger — Fossils at Alexandra Dock ^Belfast

Cytbere antiquata, Baird.

Frequent in the blue clay.

Cythere Jonesii, Baird .

Diffused through the blue clay.

Cytbere Whiteii, Baird.

Blue clay, rare. Not now found in the lough.

* loxoconcba guttata, Norman.

Plentiful in the Estuarine Clay. It also occurred sparingly in the sand
both above and below the peat bed, and in the red sand was very rare.

Loxoconcha impressa, Baird.

Not uncommon in the blue clay.

Cytberura nigrescens, Baird.

In the blue clay, abundant.

Cytberura striata, G. 0. Sars.

Not at all common.

Cytberura undata, G. 0. Sars.

Yery scarce in the clays.

Paradoxostoma ensiforme, Brady.

Blue clay, frequent.

* Paradoxostoma Fischeri, G. 0 Sars.

Rare in the Estuarine Clay. Yery rare in our present waters.

Pinus sylvestris, Linn.

Cones and branches of the Scotch Fir occurred in the submerged peat.

Quercus Robur, Linn.

A few houghs in the peat.

Alnus glutinosa, Gaert.

Occasional seed vessels in the peat.

Salix alba, Linn.

Boughs and stumps, which, I believe, belonged to this species, were
abundant in the peat.

Corylus Avellana, Linn.

Hazel nuts were of frequent occurrence in the peat, and were quite
plentiful in certain thin layers in the top clay.

Iris pseud-acorus, Linn,

Leaves and fruit in the peat.

Zostera marina, Linn.

The Grass -wrack is very abundant in the lower clay*

Pteris aquilina, Linn .

Rhizomes of the Bracken were not uncommon in the peat bed.

Praeger — Fossils at Alexandra Dock} Belfast

49

In order to render this a complete catalogue of the Fossils of the Belfast
Clays, I append a list of all species which have heen recorded from these beds
by other observers, which did not occur at the Alexandra Dock. These, added
to the preceding, bring up the total number of fossils found in the Belfast deposits
to 235 species and varieties.

Helix rotundata, Linn.

One specimen, Grainger.

Zonites nitidulus, Drap.

Two specimens, Grainger.

Tectura virginea, Mull.

Very rare (one young specimen), Stewart.

lacuna crassior, Mont.

Was distributed in some numbers, Grainger,

Xiacuna pallidula, Da Costa.

Scarce, Stewart.

Odostomla pallida, Mont.

Was met with sparingly, Grainger.

Odostomia acuta, Jeff.

Bare, Stewart.

Odostomia indistincta, Mont.

Bare, Stewart.

Odostomia interstincta, Mont.

Very rare, Stewart.

Defrancia gracilis, Mont.

Very rare, one specimen only, Stewart.

Pleurotoma costata, Donovan.

One specimen, fide Grainger.

Pleurotoma rufa, Mont.

As a post-glacial or quaternary fossil I have identified P. rufa from only
the Belfast deposit.” — J. G. Jeffreys.

Pleurotoma turricula, Mont.

Bare, Stewart.

Cyliclma nitidula, Lov.

One shell, Stewart.

Xiima Ilians, Gmel.

Very rare, Stewart.

Praeger— Fossils at Alexandra Dock , Bellas, .

Mytilus Adriaticus, van

“ Occurred in excavating

ovalis, Sowerby.

a channel in Belfast Harbour.”-/.*?. Jefrey*

IVEodiolaria marmorata, Forbes.
Yery rare, Stewart.

I«eda minuta, Mull.

A single valve, Grainger.
Cyamium minutum, Fabr.

Eare, Stewart.

Tellina squalida, Pult.

7 hompson — Belf. Mus. Coll.
Psammobia vespertina, Chemn.

A single valve, Grainger.

SVIactra truncata, Mont.

Scarce, Stewart.

IiUtraria oblonga, Gliemn.

One large specimen, fide Grainger.

Solecurtis antiquatus, Pult.

A single specimen, fide Grainger.

Thracia pubescens, Pult.

One specimen, Grainger.

Panopea plicata, Mont.

Plentiful in one narrow zone, Stewart.

Saxicava rugosa, Linn.

Eare, Stewart.

Saxicava rugosa, van arctica, F. $ LL.

Eare, Grainger.

Gastrocbaena dubia, Penn.

Yery rare, Grainger.

Creusia verruca, Leach.

Two or three specimens, Grainger.

Pectinaria Belgica, Pall.

One specimen, Grainger .

Terebella concbilega, Fall.

Grainger.

Miliolina trigonula, LamJc.

Common, Stewart. Eare, Wright.

Spiroloculina limbata, d? Orb.

Eare, Stewart.

Spiroloculina planulata, Lam i.

Yery rare, Stewart.

Praeger — Fossils at Alexandra Dock , Belfast 51

Textularia sagittula, Lefrance.

Rare, Wright.

Textularia variabilis, Will.

Common, Wright.

Verneuilina polystropha, Rems.

Very rare, Stewart.

Lag’ena gracillima, Seguenza.

Rare, Wright.

Cytbere albomaculata, Baird.

Rare, Stewart.

Cytliere pulebella, Brady.

Near the surface of the clays, Brady , Crosslcey, ani Robertson .*

Cytheridea elongata, Brady.

Surface of clays, B., Cl, and R.

Iioxocouclia tamarindus, Jones .

In the oldest and newest zones of the clays, B , (7. , and R.

Xestoleberis depressa, G. 0. Sars.

B., C., and R.

Xestoleberis aurantia, Baird.

B., Cl, and R.

Cytberura similis, G. 0. Sars.

Lowest zone of the clays, B., C., and R.

Cytberura affinis, G. 0. Sars.

B., Cl, and R.

Cytherura gibba, Mailer.

Lowest zone, B., C., and R.

Cytberura acuticostata, G. 0. Sars.

Uppermost zone of the clays, i?., Cl,: and R.

Paradoxostoma variabile, Baird.

B. C. and R.

* Monog. Post-tert. Entom., Scotland, p. 102.

APPEBDXX III.

VOL II.

THE MARINE SHELLS

OF

THE NORTH OF IRELAND.

BY R. LLOYD PRAEGER, B.E., B.A.

PUBLISHED BY

THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB.

February, 1889.

ALKX. MAYNE & BOYD, PRINTERS, BELFAST.

{Proceedings Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club . — Appendix 1887-1888.)

'gftcmne g>$?e£ £$ of f$e Ulorff)
of gxetanb.

(:-=)

INTRODUCTION.

N compiling the following list of the recent Marine Shells of the
North of Ireland, the object of the writer has been to bring together,
and present in simple and accessible form, the information which
we possess regarding this attractive branch of local zoology. The
literature hearing on the subject consists of a number of papers and notes
scattered through various publications, some of them not easily obtainable
by the enquirer, while the matter which they contain is generally in such a
form that it is not easy to discover immediately what shells have been found in
our district, and in what localities. Such, too, is the difference of nomencla-
ture in the works referred to, that it is a task of some difficulty to compare and
correlate the lists of Mollusca which they contain ; and in Thompson’s works,
indeed, which were published before the value of systematic nomenclature was
appreciated as it is nOw, it is occasionally very troublesome to find what species
is intended. In the list which follows, the names adopted by J. Gwyn Jeffreys
in his “ British Conchology” — the standard work on the subject— are employed,
and where a species is referred to by any of the authors quoted under a different
name, such synonym is appended in parenthesis.

The sources of information which have been utilised in preparing the present
paper are as follows : —

I. “A History of British Mollusca,” by Messrs. Forbes and Hanley.
This work supplies a few North of Ireland stations for species, other than those
taken from Thompson’s work, to be mentioned immediately.

j6 Praeger—The Marine Shells

II. “ The Natural History of Ireland,” by "William Thompson : vol. IY.,
1856 In this work 350 species and varieties of Marine Shells are recorded as
Irish, under the names which were in use prior to the publication of Forbes and
Hanley’s treatise, of which some 240 are noted from localities ra_ Plater 1 the
maiority of these notes are given verbatim in the following pages. Mr. Ihomp-
son’s earlier list of Irish Shells, which appears in his “ Report on the Fauna , o
Ireland: Division Invertebrate in the British Association Report for 1843,
contains many species not to be found in the “ Natural History of Ireland ;
but it may be safely assumed that such were intentionally excluded from the
latter work, for many Shells had been recorded as native on very insufficient
grounds ; and the writer has, therefore, thought it best to be guided by the
‘‘Natural History” alone, as it contains all the notes wmch Mr. Thompson

considered thoroughly reliable. n

III. The “ Reports of the Belfast Dredging Committee, by George
Hyndman, in the Reports of the British Association for 1857, ’58, and 59. The

* ii T) nArifoin

Station.

Depth

in

Fathoms.

Species.

1857 Report. 1. Belfast Bay and Neighbourhood

0-100

205

2. Turbot Bank . .

25-30

192

3. Off Maiden Rocks

70-100

42

1858 Report. 1. 2 Miles off Ballygalley Head

15-25

52

2. Cod Bank, 3m. N. of Muck I.

20

73

3. Lame Lough, l-2|m. from entrance...,

4-5

26

4. Brown’s Bay, Island Magee

1-4

21

5. S. of Maiden Rocks

20

45

6. E. and S.E. of Maiden Rocks

70-90

95

7. Turbot Bank .. .

25-30

129

8. Turbot Bank ...

, 25-30

18

9. 2 Miles S.S.E. of Black Head

25

118

10. “ TheRiggs” Bank, S.E. of Donaghade<

i 20

63

11. 4 Miles S.S.E. of Black Head

15

79

12. The Sound, Copeland Islands

12

40

of the North of Ireland \ 57

1859 Eeport. An annotated list of additional species and additional localities,

and a few corrections.

The Stations above are conveniently arranged in four groups, viz : —

1. Belfast Lougb. This signifies the waters lying west of a line drawn
from Orlock Point, in Co. Down, to Black Head, in Co. Antrim, and not
exceeding 10 fathoms in depth.

2. Entrance of Belfast Lough. Under this head come a number of dred-
gings made around the entrance of the Bay, from Donaghadee on the Co. Down
shore, northward as far as the great cliff-range of The Gobbins, in Island
Magee, Co. Antrim. By far the most important of these, as far as results are
concerned, are those made on the Turbot Bank, “a great submarine bank lying
a short distance out from the cliffs called The Gobbins, and extending from the
Isle of Muck across the entrance of Belfast Bay towards the Copeland Islands.”*
On this bank, which lies in from 25 to 30 fathoms of water, a number of rare
and interesting species have been obtained, but almost all in a dead state, and it
is to be noted that some of the Turbot Bank shells are very doubtfully recent,
while a few are certainly fossil. Mr. Hyndman expresses the opinion that the
majority of the shells are derived from the deep recess lying near the Maiden
Eocks, a few miles to the northward, which will presently be mentioned ; but
it would appear probable that some submarine pleistocene deposit in the neigh-
bourhood has also contributed to the rich store of Testacea which the Turbot
Bank yields. f

3. Larne Lough. Mr. Hyndman’s party made but one haul of the dredge
in this lough ; it yielded so little that apparently the scientists never revisited
waters that gave so poor a return for their labours. This poverty in shells is
the more remarkable when we take into consideration the extreme richness in
Mollusca of the Estuarine Clays in that vicinity.

4. Off Lame. This term embraces a large number of stations, from Isle of
Muck northward to Bally galley Head, andout eastward to beyond the Maiden Eocks .
The latter consist of a group of rocky islets lying some six miles from shore ;
on their seaward side the water deepens rapidly, and over a limited area a depth
of 90 and 100 fathoms is reached. This abyss, which is very difficult to dredge
on account of the rocky nature of the bottom and the strong currents that sweep
over it, is the home of many rare species, and those who have successfully faced

* Hyndman, 1857 Report.

f The question of the origin of the Turbot Bank shells is one of much interest, and has
not been satisfactorily settled. The opinion of the compilers of the Naturalists’ Field
Club “ G-uide to Belfast and the adjacent Counties,” is worth recording: — “About 200 species
of Mollusca have been enumerated from the Turbot Bank, many of them being of extreme
rarity; but the majority occurring as dead shells only. It has been suggested that this
bank is only a submarine fossil bed, and that a great portion of the shells are really relics
of the glacial epoch. It is, however, quite as likely that they are accumulated on this bar
by currents, and that they belong to species still living in the vicinity, on rocky bottoms
where the dredge has little chance of picking them up.”

5«

Praeger — The Marine Shells

the troubles attending dredging on such ground, atsncha depth, jmvebeen
rewarded with living examples of Argiope cistellula, A. capsula, PropiMtmt
ancycloides , and other deep-sea treasures.

IY “ Report on the Marine Zoology of Strangford Lough, Co. Down,
and corresponding part of the Irish Channel,” by George Dickie, M.D.,
Professor of Natural History, Queen's College, Belfast, in the British Associa-
tion Keport for 1857. A summary of the lists here presented is as follows .-

Station.

Depth

in

Fathoms.

Species

and

Varieties.

1. Castle Ward Bay

20

102

15

28

2. Wellstream Bay ...

3. Upper part, ditto

4-8

43

13

4. Bay opposite Killyleagh

6

5 . Centre of Lough ...

15-25

38

6 . Gun Island, Irish Channel ...

7

8

Then follow lists of the Testacea of the open channel opposite the entrance
of the Lough, divided into zones according to the distance from s ore.

V. “British Conchology by J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.K.S., l86*-9,

This work contains, besides repetitions of many of Thompson s, Diet ^ s and
Hyndman’s records, some notes of species obtained by the author, and ako by
Mr. WaUer and Mr. Adair, on the North of Ireland coasts ; those notes will

found under the respective species.

There are earlier works which contain references to Nort ° reJn
Mollusm but aU reliable records of any importance are to be found repeate

cited above. During the long period that has elapsed since th e pnbb
cation of even the latest of these, though a good deal of tod«m^i6e” arine
by local scientists, very little has been added to the ^wledge of o« M^e
Shells, attention having been chiefly concentrated on ^e “terertmg ^
which the earlier Naturalists had left almost untouched Intod to only
additional matter of which I have been able to avail myself s a ""

“ couein in the

Belfast Museum, has yielded some additional stations for species.

of the North of Ireland. 59

Where practicable, I have preferred giving verbatim quotations from the
authors quoted, in place of a general summary of their remarks.

Of the 404 British species contained in that portion of the Suh -Kingdom
Mollusca, as described by Jeffreys, to which the present paper refers {i.e. the
classes Brachiopoda , Conchifera, Solenoconchia , and Gasteropoda to the end of
Pleurobranchiata ), our district has yielded 291, or very nearly f— 1 1 9 bivalves
and 172 univalves — exclusive of such species as are importations or fossils, and
which are printed inside brackets. On the whole, the Fauna has a northern
aspect, since, of these 291 species, 36 are boreal forms, which live either not at all,
or very sparingly, south of Britain, while only 12 are essentially southern, having
been taken seldom or never north of the British coasts ; the remaining 243 inhabit
seas both north and south of our islands. As is to he expected from geographical
considerations, the southern species frequent chiefly the western shores of the
province, while the northern forms have been mostly taken on the eastern coast.
Of the northern types, Crenella decussata, Leda minuta, Tectura testudinalis ,
E mar g inula crassa, Trichotropsis borealis , and Trophon truncatus , will serve as
examples — they have all been taken alive in our waters ; while the following
will serve as representatives of the southern forms which the district yields —
Modiolaria costulata, Crenella rhombea , Area lactea , Troehus Duminyi , Natica
sordida , Ovula patula.

Only one species is, as a British shell, confined to our province — Troehus
Duminyi ; it occurs on the western coast, and is a southern shell, its foreign
stations being all Mediterranean.

The Testacea of the counties of Antrim and Down may he considered as
pretty well worked up, though the North of Antrim offers a good field that has
been scarcely touched. County Londonderry contains extensive sandy beaches,
which yield a large variety of species, that of Magilligan especially ; here the
observations have been chiefly made from shore, and dredgings in the deeper
water might yield interesting results. I find no record whatever of any dredging
in Lough Foyle. From the extensive coast-line of County Donegal, with its
magnificent headlands and deep inlets and sandy hays, comes hardly a single
note to enrich the list which follows. At Bundoran, indeed, in the extreme
southwestern corner of the county, Mrs. Hancock made many finds, which she
communicated to Thompson; and here Mr. Waller discovered a new British
Troehus , T. Duminyi, whose only British station is still Bundoran ; but beyond
these, the conchology of the most northern county of Ireland still remains to be
investigated, and will probably amply repay the investigator.

Mr. Thompson appears to have placed but light value on the condition
(living or dead) of the shells which he found in his dredgings, or thrown up
by the tide, and in many instances does not mention this point at all. In the
present paper the writer perhaps has erred in the opposite extreme, and has
plqced undue importance on this point, but it does appear to him to be of
interest and importance to know whether or not a shell has been taken living in
the district. It is to be remembered, however, that the fact of a species not
having been found living, is by no means positive proof that it no longer

6o

Praeger — The Marine Shells

inhabits a region. Many bivalves burrow deeply in sand and mud, and flourish
out of reach of the naturalist’s dredge. When they die, the shells come up to
the surface, and are thus thrown on shore by the waves, or taken by the dredge,
in a fresh state.

In conclusion, the writer expresses a hope that the following list may
prove a reliable foundation for a more complete and extended paper on the
Marine Mollusca of the North of Ireland, and that by showing the incomplete-
ness of the record, it may encourage other workers to give some of their
attention to this interesting subject.

of the North of Ireland .

6 1

ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES.

CLASS BEACHIOPODA.

The Brachiopoda are well represented in the district, as out of the six British
representatives of the class, four live in our waters.

Tereljratula caput-serpentis, Linne.

Not uncommon in the deeper water at the entrance to Belfast Lough, and
off Lame, from the Copeland Islands to the Maiden Bocks, living in from 12
to 100 fathoms of water— Thompson ( T . aurita ), Hyndman, and others.
Dickie obtained it alive at the entrance to Strangford Lough in 12-15 fathoms.

Argiope cistellula, Searles Wood.

“Living on stones as well as shells in the deeper water ’’—Hyndman, 1859
Beport. Labels in the Belfast Museum Collection show that the Turbot Bank
is the place intended.

iLrgiope capsula, Jeffreys.

Hyndman records this rare species {sub Terebratula capsula ) as found living
with the preceding, and Jeffreys, referring to the same station, says “Larne,
Co. Antrim (Hyndman and J. G. J.)” The latter author also gives “ off Port-
rush (Waller).”

Crania anomala, MUller .

Off Larne, and at the entrances to Belfast and Strangford Loughs, living in
12-90 fathoms — Thompson ( C . personata ), Hyndman, and Dickie.

CLASS CONCHIFERA.

ORDER LAMELLIBRAN CHI ATA .

Anomia ephippium, Linne.

Abundantly distributed throughout our waters, living in from 4 fathoms in
Strangford Lough to 90 fathoms near the Maiden Bocks, attached to stones
and shells. Different forms of this very variable species are recorded under
the names A. squamula, A. cylindrical and A. aculeata.

52 Praeger — The Marine Shells

Anomia patelliformis, Linne.

General, living in 12-90 fathoms. Thompson has it under A.undulata;
he mentions a fine specimen which was obtained adhering to the inside of a
quart bottle found in the stomach of a cod-fish !
mr. striata. Frequent, living in from 12 to 25 fathoms ; Hyndman dredged
dead shells in up to 100 fathoms {A. striata.)

Ostrea edulis, Linne.

Gregarious, and widely distributed, from low-water mark to 2o fathoms.
Thompson mentions Carrickfergus oysters which he examined, which weighed,
before being opened, over 21bs., the animal by itself weighing l^oz. ^ Hynd-
man states, on the authority of a Groom sport fisherman, that oysters “ of large
size and good quality” have been brought up on the long lines from 45
fathoms ; this depth is the limit assigned by Jeffreys to the species.

Pecten pusio, Linne.

Living in Belfast, Strangford, and Carlingford Loughs, and in the deeper
waters of the Channel, in up to 90 fathoms, its other limit of depth being 10
fathoms. Thompson notes it sub F. sinuosus. Dead valves frequent on the
Derry coast — R.L1.P .

Pecten varius, Linne. ,

10-25 fathoms, attached to old bivalve shells, &c., like the last species. Of
general occurrence around the coasts of Donegal, Derry, Antrim, and Down.

Pecten opercularis, Linne. _

A common species, and almost universally distributed, living on san m

from 7 to 25 fathoms.

var. lineata. “Var. lineatus I have dredged in Belfast Bay Thompson.

I have it also from this locality — R.L1.P .

Pecten septemradiatus, Muller.

Recorded with doubt {sub F. Fanicus) by Hyndman in his 1857 Report as
from the Turbot Bank, determined by Dr. Dickie. In 1859 Report he records
the finding of a second valve, in 80 fathoms, thus confirming Dr. Dickie’s
determination.

Pecten tigrinus, Muller.

Thompson mentions this shell, under the names F. Icevis and F. obsele.us,
both of Pennant, as having been found in Belfast and Strangford Loughs.
Hyndman dredged it frequently, living in 20-90 fathoms, and Dickie records
it from Strangford Lough as living in 12-20 fathoms. Single valves at Port-
rush— Miss Richardson ; and Magilligan— R.L1.P.

Pecten Test®, Bivona. . ,

The following note on this rare species occurs in Hyndman’s 1859 Report
{sub F. furtivus ):- “Taken alive in 1858 by Mr. Waller and Mr. Hyndman
on both the Antrim and Down coasts, along with F. striatus. It was taken
again this year, and at once distinguished by Mr. Jeffreys.”

of the North of Ireland .

63

Pecten striatus, Muller.

“A single specimen dredged in Strangford Lough in 1837 by Mr. Hynd-
man and myself ” — Thompson. Hyndman obtained it twice alive off Donagh-
adee, in 12 and 20 fathoms respectively, and also in 70-90 fathoms off the
Maidens, and dead on the Turbot Bank. Dickie dredged dead valves in Strang-
ford Lough.

Pecten siznilis, Laskey.

No note of its having been taken alive, hut dead valves have been dredged
frequently at the mouth of Belfast Lough, in 15-35 fathoms, and Dickie
records the same from the entrance of Strangford Lough, 12-15 fathoms.

Pecten mazimus, Linne.

Common here as elsewhere, living in 7-25 fathoms. “Along the Antrim
and Down coasts, where it is commonly called clam, and used as human food,
though not so generally esteemed as the scallop ( P . opercular is) ” — Thompson.

Xiima subauriculata, Montagu.

Dead valves only, in from 4 to 90 fathoms on various parts of the Antrim
and Down shores, by the Ordnance Survey collectors, Thompson, Hyndman,
and Dickie.

Xiima Xioscombii, G. B. Sowerby.

“Dredged very sparingly, alive, in the deeper portions of Belfast and
Strangford Loughs, on sandy and shelly ground. Single valves of large size
obtained in quantity from 23 fathoms at the entrance to the former by Mr.
Hyndman. Obtained occasionally in the stomach of haddock taken on
the North-East coast ” —Thompson, whose L. fragilis also belongs to this
species. Hyndman procured it frequently, both living and dead, in 15-90
iathoms ; Dickie took it alive outside Strangford Lough, in 12-15 fathoms.

Xiima Ilians, Gmelin.

‘ ‘ The Ordnance Museum contains upon a card a fresh-looking specimen
of this shell, as dredged from 7 fathoms in Belfast Bay” — Thompson
(sub L. tenera). Hyndman’s only note of it is a repetition of this record.
From a note in Jeffreys’ work, Waller would appear to have taken it some-
where on the North-East coast, and the Belfast Museum Collection contains a
specimen of Thompson’s labelled “ Belfast Lough.”

It is very doubtful if this species can be now reckoned among our indi-
genous mollusks ; but it lived in abundance in our waters at no very distant
date, for the Estuarine Clay at Magheramorne, on Larne Lough, yields it in
the greatest profusion, and it has been found in the similar deposit at Belfast.

Pinna rudis, Linne.

This fine species, our largest British shell, inhabits the waters off Black
Head (25-30 fathoms), where it has been obtained by Hyndman (P. pectinata )
and others. Thompson mentions (sub P. ingens) a wider distribution ; he says
of it, “the very few specimens, all taken in deep water, which I have seen
from the coasts of Londonderry, Antrim, Down, and Louth, were of large

64

Praeger — The Marine Shells

size, and all P. ingens or P. fragilis (Turt. Brit. Biv.),” and he gives Port-
rush, Belfast Bay, and 50 fathoms off Island Magee, as localities where
examples have been procured. It has been found at the first -mentioned
station by Miss Richardson also. Probably the earliest record of this shell
in our district is that in a letter from the Rev. Robert Innes, Rector of Magil-
ligan, to Dr. Nicholson, Bishop of Derry, dated June 2nd, 1725, in which he
describes a large example found in that neighbourhood. General Portlock, of
the Geological Survey, writing in 1843*, and commenting on the above, says
“ this coast continues a good locality for Pinna fragilis ; to obtain the fish in
the valves they must be dredged up from deep water.”

Mytiltas edulis, linne.

Common on all our shores. Thompson gives some interesting notes as to
the rapid growth and increase of this prolific species ; for instance, that on a
buoy in Belfast Lougb, cleaned after being 5 years down, “the entire cir-
cumference of the base, for a foot of space always under water, was covered
a foot thick with full-grown mussels ” ; and that the bottom of the pilot- oa
after its being 9 months afloat, yielded quantities of mussels 1^ inches ong.

Mr. Incurvata. “ The only bivalve seen on Tory Island, where it is abun-
dant, covering the rocks” — Thompson.

pellucida. « Common in some parts of Belfast Bay ’’-Thompson (™»
M. pellucid**). Cultra, S. A. Stewart-Belf. Mus. CoU.

TVIvtilus modiolus, Linne.

The “horse-mussel” is common, living in gravelly and muddy localities m
6-90 fathoms. Dickie found it very abundant in Strangford Lough (4-2»
fathoms), coming up in quantity in almost every haul of. the dredge (sub

Modiola modiolus).

var. ovata. “ County Antrim (J .G. J .)”— Jeffreys.

Tompson mentions it («» **

Belfast Lough -and Hyndman, under the same name, as living sparingly in
“20fathol, while, he obtained dead valvesm i the Turbot^ Banked

in 75 fathoms near the Maidens. Strangford Loug e ' . „ „ t d c r.

found complete and fresh-looking specimens on the shores of Belfast and La.
lingford Loughs.

My L^gTSa^off BeMast Lough, and in 70-90 fathoms off Lame
-Hyntoan (sub Modiola phamlim); and in 4-20 fathoms in Strangford
Lough — Dickie.

Tunicata, all round the coast, in depths up to 90 fathoms. Hyndman places

it under genus Cremlla, and Thompson and Dickie under MMa.

* Beport on the Geology of the County of Londonderry &c., p. 23.

of the North of Ireland.

65

Modiolaria costulata, Risso.

Found at Bundoran, Co. Donegal, by Mr. Waller— Jeffreys.

Modiolaria discors, Linne.

“Lame Longb, not nncommon. Donagbadee, 8 to 10 fathoms, Dr. Drum-
mond”— Thompson (sub Modiola discrepans). “Living, rare, at the roots
of Antennularia and other Zoophytes, in from 10 to 25 fathoms ” — Hyndman,
who also obtained it, dead, on the Turbot Bank {sub Grenella discors). Craw-
fordsbum, Mr. S. A. Stewart — Belf. Mus. Coll.

Crenella rhombea, Berkeley .

“Bundoran (Waller)” — Jeffreys (Supplement).

Crenella decussata, Montagu.

Living in gravelly sand, in 15 to 30 fathoms, off Donaghadee, Black Head,
and Lame, and it was one of the few species which Hyndman obtained alive
in Lame Lough (4-5 fathoms). Thompson’s only Irish note of the species
states that Mr. Hyndman dredged a few odd valves in Strangford Lough ;
Dickie took it alive in 18-20 fathoms at the entrance of the latter.

Nucula nucleus, Linne.

Abundant, living in 5-90 fathoms, in sand and gravel, throughout the North
of Ireland.

var. radlata, though stated by Thompson {sub N. margaritacea) to be common
around the coast, has apparently a more limited distribution in our waters.

Nucula nitlda, G. B. Sowerby.

Living in mud and sand in from 12 to 20 fathoms, off Donaghadee and
Black Head — Hyndman ; and frequent in 4-25 fathoms in Strangford Lough
— Dickie. Hyndman also records it, with doubt, from 1-4 fathoms, Brown’s
Bay, Island Magee. Dead shells occur on the Turbot Bank.

Xfucula tenuis, Montagu.

Hyndman records having dredged this species alive in deep water near the
Maidens, and specimens labelled as from that locality are in the Belfast
Museum.

Xieda pygmaea, Munster.

“ On the Antrim Coast” — Jeffreys (all said of it). Belfast Lough — Belf.
Mus. Coll. It is rare as a British species, inhabiting chiefly the Scandinavian
and arctic seas.

leda xninuta, Muller.

Portrush ; 23 fathoms in Belfast Bay ; and 50 fathoms off South Eock, Co.
Down ; all by Mr. Hyndman— Thompson {sub Nucula minuta). In his sub-
sequent systematic exploration, Hyndman obtained it occasionally, living in
mud, gravel, and sand, in from 12 to 90 fathoms, and more frequently dead, in
1-90 fathoms ( sub L. caudata ). Dickie took it alive in Strangford Lough.

Pentunculus glycymeris, Linne.

Living in sand and gravel in 10-90 fathoms all round our coast ; and more

66

Praeger — The Marine Shells

abundant in a dead state. Hyndman notes that it was dredged by his party
in great quantity in 10 to 12 fathoms at Ballygalley, on the Antrim coast, all
dead, hut valves united and quite fresh, and that their death was due, m Dr.
Dickie’s opinion, to deposits from peat-hogs earned down by rivulets. Thrown
up in abundance at Magilligan strand, hut only single valves. Shells of unusual
size (2f X 2f inches) may he found at Orlock Point, Co. Down ; they have a
rather ancient appearance, and are probably washed in from the Turbot Bank.
Thompson cites this species sub F. pilosus.

^rca lactea, Xiwwe.

Hyndman dredged dead specimens of this shell on the Turbot Bank (25-30
fathoms) on three occasions.

Area tetragona, T

<( Portrush in situ— Ordnance Collectors. Magilligan, odd valves W .l.

Thompson. Hyndman obtained it dead on the Turbot Bank several times,

and records a single living specimen which he dredged in 50 fathoms, embedded
in a pebble of black limestone, off the Copeland Islands. Smgle valves fre-
quent on the Derry coast— R.L1.P.

[Area barbata, linne.

‘ ‘ * This very perfect and new shell on our coasts was found alive, adhering
to an oyster from Killinchy in Strangford Lough, by Dr. M‘Gee of Belfast,’

Brown. Never found since ’’—Thompson. It is a common Mediterranean
species, which is not admitted as native by any of our conchologists. There
must have been some mistake.]

X«epton nitidum, Turton. .

Dredged alive by Waller on the Turbot Bank, and dead m the same vicimty

by Waller and Hyndman— Hyndman, 1858 Report.

IVIontacuta substriata, Montagu.

This little shell, whose peculiar habitat is the ventral spines of Spatangus
purpureas and other Echinoids, is noted by Thompson and Hyndman as living
at the entrance of Belfast Lough, in 20 to 30 fathoms, and by Dickie off
Strangford Lough, in 12 to 15 fathoms.

IVIontacuta bidentata, Montagu. ^

“Bangor, Belfast Bay (one specimen), 1834, Mr. Hyndman and W.T.
Bundoran, Mr. Warren ’’—Thompson. Hyndman, and Mr. Wm. Swanston
dredged it dead on the Turbot Bank. Cushendall-Belf . Mus. Coll. These
appear to he the only records of a species whose decline as a member of the
marine fauna must have been rapid, as our pleistocene clays yield it in great
profusion.

Kontacuta ferruginosa, Montagu.

Turbot Bank, dead— Hyndman. The M. ovata mentioned by Thompson is
probably this species ; he states that several examples of it were found on the
beach at Bundoran by Mrs. Hancock.

of the North of Ireland.

67

Iiassea rubra, Montagu.

Common between tide marks— Hyndman. Portrusb, and Belfast Bay —
Thompson. (Both sub Kellia rubra). Magilligan— Belf. Mus. Coll.

Kellia suborbicularis, Montagu.

Bundoran— Thompson. Dead, rare, in 10 fathoms in Belfast Bay, and on
the Turbot Bank -Hyndman. In Strangford Lough, and in the Irish
Channel adjoining, Dickie found it living in 7 to 25 fathoms. Magilligan —
Belf. Mus. Coll.

Xioripes lacteus, Linne.

Eecorded from the Turbot Bank, dead, by Hyndman, 1857 Deport ( sub
Lucina leueoma). This record is not confirmed by Jeffreys, and as the species
was not obtained again, and is entirely a southern form, it is doubtful if it
should be included in our fauna.

Xiucina spinifera, Montagu.

“At Ded Bay, County Antrim, I found a valve of this species”— Thomp-
son. Hyndman dredged it once alive “ on a bank called ‘ The Diggs,’ lying
south of the Copelands, about a mile south of Donaghadee, and a mile from
shore, in about 20 fathoms,” and several times dead, off Belfast Lough, in
15-30 fathoms.

Xiucina borealis, Linne.

Commonly dredged in a dead state, in Belfast and Larne Loughs and the
deeper waters adjacent, in all depths from 1 to 30 fathoms. Thompson men-
tions it {sub L. radula) as found at Ded Bay, and in 6 to 12 fathoms in Belfast
and Strangford Loughs, by himself and Mr. Hyndman, but as the latter
naturalist, in his subsequent report on the Mollmca of Belfast Bay (1857),
notes it only in the column of dead shells, it may be assumed that such alone
were found in the locality named. In Strangford Lough Dickie took it
frequently alive, in depths ranging from 7 to 25 fathoms. Single valves are
commonly thrown ashore on the Derry coast, where also the writer has foimd
living specimens.

Axinus flexuosus, Montagu.

“ Widely distributed, but in sparing numbers ’’—Thompson. I find no note
of its having been taken alive. Hyndman dredged dead specimens occasionally
in 5-30 fathoms, and Dickie, in Strangford Lough, 4-25 fathoms. Thompson
gives Strangford Lough and Bundoran as localities. (Mentioned by the authors
quoted sub Lucina Jlexuosa).

Cyamium minutum, Fabricius.

Abundant, among sea-weeds and stones near low-water mark. Thomp-
son states {sub Montacuta purpurea) that the shoals of mullet ( Mugil chelo)
consume vast quantities of them when roving over the Zostera banks
in spring and summer, and Hyndman (sub Turtonia minuta) estimates that in
the stomach of a mullet taken in Larne Lough, there were 35,000 of these
little shells,

68

Praeger — The Marine Shells

Cardium echinatum, Linne.

In the reports of Hyndman and Dickie, the only note of this fine shell
having been taken alive is hy the former, who obtained a few living examples
in Lame Longh, 4 to 5 fathoms ; while in a dead state it occurred in all the
localities dredged, in 4 to 30 fathoms. Thompson says “ dredged from oozy
sand in Belfast and Strangford Loughs” hy Hyndman and himself, hut does
not state whether living or dead. Dredged alive in 6 fathoms off Bangor—
Mr. S. A. Stewart. After northerly gales it is thrown ashore in some
numbers on the Co. Down shore of the lough, from Holywood to Craigavad,
with the animal quite fresh. Single valves of large size are abundant, and
complete specimens frequent, on the sandy beaches of Magilligan and Portrush.

Cardium exiguum, Gmelin. .

Living in oozy ground in Lame Lough, and in the deeper waters adjoining,
in 4 to 90 fathoms; the limit assigned hy Jeffreys is 15 fathoms, so the
greater depth quoted would appear to be quite unusual. In and around
Belfast Lough it has not been taken alive, and is rare in a dead state. It
lives sparingly in Strangford Lough-Dickie, and R.L1.P. Thompson gives
Red Bay as an additional station. (Sub G. pygmceum hy Hyndman and
Dickie). Portrush, dead— Miss Richardson.

Cardium fas datum, Montagu.

Frequent, living on gravel and sand in 15 to 20 fathoms. Dead in Strang-
ford Lough, on the Turbot Bank, and in up to 90 fathoms of water off Lame.
In Thompson’s work it appears as sub C. elongaiwm and C. edulevax. fasciatum.

Cardium nodosum, Turton.

Belfast and Strangford Loughs— Thompson. Dredged living in 12 fathoms
in the Sound between the Copeland Islands, and dead on the Turbot Bank,
by Hyndman. More abundant in Strangford Lough and the channel adjoining
than elsewhere ; Dickie dredged it frequently there, living in 7-20 fathoms.

Cardium eduls, Linne.

Gregarious everywhere in sandy hays, at and near low-water mark. Dea
shells are dredged on the Turbot Bank, and Hyndman obtained a lirag
example in 20 fathoms between the Maidens and the Isle of Muck. “ Attains
a very large size in Donegal Bay ’’—Thompson.

Cardium minimum, Philippi .

Thompson made a new species, C. Loveni, out of specimens of this shell
dredged hy Mr. Hyndman from 50 fathoms off the South Rock, Co. Down,
and although they subsequently proved to he identical with a species already
described and named, to him belongs the credit of having added this pretty
shell to the British fauna. Hyndman subsequently records it ( sub C. Suecunm)
from the Turbot Bank, and from shallower water (4-5 fathoms) m Lame
Lough — in both instances dead.

Cardium Tforvegicum, Spengler.

“Dredged off Glenarm, in Belfast and

Strangford Loughs, sparingly’

of the North of Ireland. 69

Thompson {sub C. favigatum ) ; it is not stated that any of the specimens
obtained were alive. Hyndman took it alive only once, which was in 15
fathoms, on a bottom of mud and shells, 4 miles S.S.E. of Black Head, and
Mr. Swanston has dredged living examples, of small size, at the entrance of
the lough. Dead, it is abundant at various depths in many localities ; large
single valves are frequently thrown up on the Co. Down shore of Belfast
Lough.

Xsocardia cor, Zinne.

This large and handsome shell is extremely rare in the North of Ireland,
and the authority for its admission to our marine fauna rests almost entirely with
Thompson, whose notes of its occurrence I may give in full : — “ The follow-
ing note appears in Mr. Templeton’s MS. journal, under October 28th, 1811 :
* Beceived a drawing of the Chama cor , from Mr. George Joy, taken by him
from a specimen dredged up at Bangor (Belfast Bay).’ The species is known
to Mr. J. ft. Clealand to have been dredged near the Copeland Islands, at the
entrance of this hay. The Giant’s Causeway is named by Turton as a locality
in which it has been found ; hut very rarely. Glassdrummond, Co. Down,
P. Doran.” The only other record of its occurrence which I have come across
is in Dr. Dickie’s report, who notes it “very rare, dead,” upper part of
Wellstream Bay, Strangford Lough, 4-8 fathoms. Jeffreys gives east and
south of Ireland alone.

Cyprlna Islandica, Zinne.

Living throughout our waters, in sand and mud, in 1 -25 fathoms. Thrown
up in great numbers on Magilligan strand during northerly gales. From
Thompson’s notes it would appear to he much more abundant on the eastern
than on the western shores of Ireland. Mr. "W. H. Patterson, M.B.I.A.,
contributes two curious local names for this species: the one is “yaghan”
or “neayghen,” the other “ griggan.”

Astarte sulcata, Da Costa.

“Dredged off the Co. Antrim coast; in Belfast and Strangford Loughs
sparingly, from about 8 to 25 fathoms, on mud and sand” — Thompson ( sub
A. Zanmoniensis ). Living in from 10 to 27 fathoms, at the entrance to
Belfast Lough, and more abundantly off Larne, in 15-90 fathoms — Hyndman ;
and in 7-25 fathoms in Strangford Lough — Dickie.
var. Scotica. Antrim coast ; Belfast and Strangford Loughs — Thompson {sub
A. Scotica ). Living in 10-20 fathoms off Belfast Lough, and in 70-90
fathoms near the Maidens, and dead on the Turbot Bank — Hyndman. I have
specimens dredged near Ardmillan, in Strangford Lough.
var. elliptica. Belfast Lough — Belf. Mus. Coll.

Astarte compressa, Montagu.

Hyndman’s 1859 Report contains a note of a few valves of this species
having been found in Turbot Bank sand by Mr. Jeffreys ; hut Jeffreys, in
his “ British Conchology,” says, evidently referring to the same specimens,

jq Praeger — The Marine Shells

“subfossil in 25 fathoms off Lame, Co. Antrim.” As will appear subse-
quently, this is by no means the only northern species which has been dredged,
if not fossil, at least very doubtfully recent, in that locality.

Astarte triangularis, Montagu.

Belfast, and Strangford Loughs, dredged by Mr. Hyndman ompson
( sub Goodalia triangularis). Living on the Turbot Bank— Hyndman ; and in
Strangford Lough and the channel adjacent— Dickie ; depth 7 to 30 fathoms,
sandy ground. Dead valves are abundant on the Turbot Bank.

Circe minima, Montagu.

Thompson’s only northern locality is Belfast Bay, on the authority of Mr.
Hyndman ( Cyprina minima ) . Hyndman obtained it alive twice, in 20 *ataoms>
gravelly bottom, his stations being the Cod Bank north of the Isle o i uc ,
and “The Riggs” bank south of the Copeland Islands, while in a dead state
it occurred frequently in depths ranging from 15 to 100 fathoms Dickie
procured living examples off the mouth of Strangford Lough, 12-lo fathoms,
and dead valves further out to sea.

Venus exoleta, Zinne.

Belfast, Strangford, and Lame Loughs— Thompson, who does not state
the shell was alive in any instance. Though noted by Hyndman and Die e
from almost every station (1-30 fathoms), in no case was it taken in a live
state. Hyndman remarks (1857 Eeport) that at Cultra single valves are thrown
up by the tide, and says, “ probably still living.” At the place in question,
fresh-looking specimens with the valves attached are frequent, and I have
twice picked up living examples there, and have no doubt that it lives in some
quantity in the vicinity. This and the following species are placed under the
genus Artemis by the authors quoted.

Venus lincta, Fulteney. ^

Eare in a Eve state, the Cod Bank north of Isle of Muck (20 fathoms;,
Wellstream Bay in Strangford Lough (15 fathoms), and 12-15 fathoms in t e
open channel near the entrance of the latter, being the only stations I can
find. More common dead, thrown up on sandy beaches, from Magilligan in
Co. Derry to Newcastle in Co. Down.

Venus fasciata, J)a Costa. .

This beautiful species is of frequent occurrence throughout the district,
living on gravelly and sandy ground ; it has been dredged alive off Lame and
Belfast Lough, and in Strangford Lough and the open sea adjoining, m depths
varying from 7 to 30 fathoms, by Thompson, Hyndman, Dickie, and others.

Venus Casina, Zinne. _

Another handsome species, which inhabits our waters, ranging from .
fathoms in Strangford Lough to 70 fathoms off the Maiden Light-houses, on
gravel, sand, and mud. Dead valves are plentiful on the Turbot Bank and
at various depths (6 to 90 fathoms), on the Antrim coast.

7 1

of the North of Ireland .

[Venus verrucosa, Linne.

“Mr. Hyndman’ s cabinet contains a young shell (V. cancellated) given him
as from Magilligan ’ 5 — Thompson; much too slender evidence on which to
establish a claim for its admission to our fauna. Its distribution in Ireland is
confined to the south and west.]

Venus ovata, Pennant.

The dredgings of Hyndman and Dickie show that this pretty little shell is
one of the most generally distributed of all our bivalve mollusks, as it occurred
in almost every haul, generally alive, in from 4 to 90 fathoms. In Strangford
Lough it lives in great abundance, and it is one of the very few species which
Hyndman found living in Larne Lough. “A rather common species” —
Thompson ( Cytherea ovata).

Venus gallina, Linne.

A common species. “Found alive from low- water mark to 8 and 10
fathoms on the North and North-East sandy coasts. Thrown ashore on the
sandy beach of Magilligan in quantity and of large size ’’—Thompson. The
V. Pennantii mentioned by this author belongs to the present species. Hynd-
man and Dickie found that it lives in from 0 to 25 fathoms in all the waters
explored ( sub V. striatula). The V. striolata in Dickie’s paper is apparently a
misprint for V. striatula.

Tapes aureus, Gmelin.

Quoting from an older authority, Thompson says of this species “ ‘ Carriek-
fergus Bay (Dr. M ‘Donnell) rare,’ Brown,” and under Turton’s name of
Venus cenea , gives Strangford Lough as a locality where he has taken it alive.
Hyndman states (1857 Beport) that it is common, living on sandy beaches
between tide-marks, but it does not appear to be by any means of such fre-
quent occurrence as would appear from this remark. Dickie dredged dead
valves in Strangford Lough, and Hyndman on the Turbot Bank. Mr. Swans-
ton informs me that it is abundant in Lough Swilly, in Co. Donegal, and
Miss Bichardson has sent me complete and fresh specimens from Portrush.

Tapes virg-ineus, Linnd.

This handsome shell is of very common occurrence, in sandy and nullipore
ground, in 4 to 90 fathoms all round our shores.

var. Sarniensis. “ Yar. V. Sarniensis , Turt. Brit. Biv., is taken in Belfast
Bay’ Thompson (sub Pullastra virginecd). “ Donaghadee, in 8 fathoms
(Patterson) ’ ’—Forbes and Hanley. ‘ ‘ Living, rare, off Bangor ’ ’ —Hyndman.

var. elongata. “ Larne, Co. Antrim (Hyndman)”— Jeffreys. Belfast Lough
— Belf. Mus. Coll.

Tapes pullastra, Montagu.

Abundant, living between tide-marks. “A common species on sandy
beaches ” — Thompson (sub Pullastra vulgaris). Dickie records it living in the
unusual depth of 7-20 fathoms in Castle Ward Bay, Strangford Lough.
Some valves from Belfast Lough are of unusual size — 2$ inches broad.

72

Praeger — The Marine Shells

Jeffreys says the breadth of his largest specimen, found in Skye hy Edward
Forbes, is 2i inches, and that 1*7 is the average breadth.
var, perforans. Inhabits the forsaken burrows of Pholades , and chinks of
rocks. Common — Thompson {sub Pullastra perforans).
var. ofolong-a. “ Bundoran, Co. Donegal (J.G-.J.)” Jeffreys.

Tapes decussatus, Linne.

There is no certain record of this generally common species having been
taken alive in our province. Thompson, refeiring to the whole of Ireland,
says {sub Pullastra decussata ) “ a common species”, and in his “ Eeport on
the Fauna of Ireland ” (1843), he has a cross opposite its name mthe “-North
of Ireland” column, but he mentions no northerly locality. Jeffreys simply
says “shores of Ireland”. Hyndman’s only note is to the effect that it
occurs in the alluvial deposits, and is not now known to be living in Belfast
Lough ; neither he nor Dickie found even dead valves in their dredgings.
Miss Eichardson has found a specimen with the valves united, at Portrush,
but the shell looks old and worn. I have taken it alive at Carlingford, and it
is abundant on the coast of Co. Louth, but appears to stop short on the borders
of Ulster.

Xiucinopsis undata, Pennant. . „ .

Dead valves occasionally dredged by Hyndman in 6-90 fathoms m Belfast
Lough, and off Lame ; and Mr. Swanston has taken it off White Head with the
valves still united. Thompson gives “Belfast Bay” (sub Artemis mtata).
Miss Richardson has sent me a fresh and complete specimen from Portrush
sands, evidently but recently dead. Like the preceding species, this would
appear to he one of those shells which are dying out in the district, as, like 1 ,
while it is very rare in a live state, it is to be found in profusion an
large size in the post-tertiary clays in our estuaries.

Tellina crassa, Pennant.

Hyndman dredged a single living specimen on the Cod Bank, 3 miles nort
of Isle of Muck, 20 fathoms, gravelly bottom. In a dead state it has occurre
in various localities, Strangford Lough included, in 10-30 fathoms— Thomp-
son, Hyndman, and Dickie. Single valves are thrown up by the tide at
Orlock Point, Co. Down, in some quantity— E.L1.P.

Tellina BaltHica, Linne.

Common between tide-marks on every shore. Sub T. sohdula by the writ
quoted above.

Tellina tenui*, Pa Costa.

A common gregarious species, living in sand about low water mark. M
plaice in Belfast Bay feed very much on T. tenuis ” -Thompson. ea
valves of both this species aud the preceding dredged on the Turbot Bank,
25-30 fathoms, by Hyndman.

Tellina fabula, Gronovius. . ,

“ Not uncommon on extensive sandy beaches, as Magilligan, W.T. 0

of the North of Ireland

73

from below low water mark to a few fathoms, on sand ” — Thompson. Dickie
dredged it living outside Strangford Lough, in 7-15 fathoms: Hyndman
records dead specimens only.

Tellina squalida, Pulteney.

Not a common species anywhere ; rare in our province, and in a dead state
only. “Bed Bay, Co. Antrim, Mrs. J. Thomson Tennant ” — Thompson;
specimens from this locality are in the Belfast Museum. Dredged by Hynd-
man on the Turbot Bank ; in shallow water in Brown’s Bay, Island Magee ;
and in 20 fathoms off Black Head ( sub T. incarnata).

Tellina donaclna, Linne.

Strangford Lough— Thompson ; whether living or dead not specified.
Dead in Strangford Lough — Dickie ; and on the Turbot Bank — Hyndman.
The latter obtained a single live specimen in 20 fathoms, gravel bottom, on
the Cod Bank, north of Isle of Muck.

Tellina pusilla, Philippi.

“ Dead, valves united, from the Turbot Bank sand” — Hyndman, 1859
Report (sub T. pygmcea).

Psammobia telllnella, Lamarck.

Living in Belfast and Strangford Loughs, and the waters adjoining, in
depths ranging from 7 to 30 fathoms — Thompson, Hyndman, and Dickie.
Dead valves were dredged in Larne Lough and other places.

Psammobia costulata, Turton.

A single valve, found by Jeffreys in Turbot Bank sand which was forwarded
to him by Hyndman, is the only trace of this species in our province.

Psammobia Ferroensis, Chemnitz.

“ Commonly thrown ashore on most sandy beaches. Inhabits below low-
water mark ” — Thompson. Hyndman and Dickie never seem to have taken
it alive, but in a dead state it occurred in most of their dredgings. Thrown
up alive by the tide at Castlerock, Co. Derry, and Cultra, Co. Down — R.L1.P.

Psammobia vespertina, Chemnitz.

“From Lame Lough, Co. Antrim, a specimen has been sent me” —
Thompson. This appears to be the only published note of its occurrence in the
North of Ireland. I have before me over a dozen single valves, some of them
quite fresh, which were picked up in about twenty minutes’ search on the
beach at Cultra, Co. Down ; it evidently lives in some quantity at no great
distance from that place.

Bonax vittatus, Pa Costa.

“ Generally common on extensive sandy beaches. Plentiful close to low
water mark at Magilligan, where it is collected by the people for food.
Dredged plentifully, but of small size, on pure sand, at a few fathoms’
depth, off Newcastle, Co. Down, Mr. Hyndman and W.T.” — Thompson (sub
P. trunculus). The dredgings of Hyndman and Dickie, being generally in

74

Praeger — The Marine Shells

deeper water, do not fairly show its distribution : indeed, this common species
was only obtained once —in Brown’s Bay, Island Magee (D. anatinus).
Portrush, Ballycastle, and a single valve at Ballyholme Bay— B.Ll.P.

[Bonax denticulatus, Linne.

“ A specimen said to be from Magilbgan is in Mr. Hyndman’s collection

Thompson. This is a West Indian species, erroneously introduced into

British lists.]

Mactra solida, Linne.

“ Not generally distributed; Magilligan, Bed Bay, and Lame”— Thomp-
son. “A single valve dredged up off Castle Chichester, and odd valves off
Bangor Hyndman. Dredged between Bangor and Donaghadee, 6-8
fathoms— Mr. S. A. Stewart (whether living or dead not stated). Portrush,
dead, Miss Bichardson. Dead valves are abundant at Magilligan, and are not
uncommon on the shore beyond Groomsport, Co. Down— B.Ll.P.
var. truncata. “Found near low water mark in sand; brought to Belfast
with cockles for sale, and together with Venus aurea, similarly obtained, com-
monly called ‘Lady Cockle’; Bed Bay, W.T.”— Thompson. “Bangor

Bay, Down (Patterson)”— Forbes and Hanley. “ Living on sandy shores
between tide marks ” — Hyndman. Groomsport— Belf. Mus. Coll.
var. elliptica. “Belfast and Strangford Loughs; specimens dead in both
localities”— Thompson. Dredged frequently by Hyndman, living, in 12 to
30 fathoms ; dead shells common on the Turbot Bank. Dickie took it alive
in Strangford Lough and the channel outside. (All sub M. elliptica).

Mactra sutotruneata, Da Costa.

“ Dredged from 10 to 12 fathoms, on sand, in Strangford Lough, Mr. Hynd-
man and W.T.”— Thompson. “Living, few,” in Brown’s Bay, Island
Magee, 4 fathoms and less— Hyndman. Groomsport— Belf. Mus. Coll.
var. insequivalvis. “Lough Strangford (Adair)”— Jeffreys ; which is the
only station assigned by that eminent conchologist to this variety.

Mactra stultorum, Linne.

Living on sandy beaches near low water mark ; rather local. Bed Bay,
Co. Antrim, and Newcastle, Co. Down— Thompson. Being a littoral species,
it did not occur in any of Hyndman’s or Dickie’s dredgings. Portrush, and
abundant on the Derry coast, and frequently washed up alive on the Co. Down
shore from Holywood to Donaghadee — B.Ll.P.
var. cinereai Magilligan— Thompson.

Under the various species and varieties of the above rather critical genus, x
have simply placed the notes on them by the observers named, without com-
ment, hut there seems to have been some confusion regarding M. solida var.
truncata and M . subtruncata , at least. Contrary to what the notes above might
lead one to expect, it is the latter that is by far the more abundant of the two
in our district, living in profusion in Belfast Lough and elsewhere, and it is to

75

of the North of Ireland.

it that I have always heard the name “ Lady Cockle ” applied. Beyond the
records given, I do not know of M. solida var. truncata having been taken in
the neighbourhood.

£utraria elliptica, Lamarck.

Burrowing deeply in sand and mud, at and below low water mark ;
common. £ ‘ Like My a arenaria, plentiful in localities on all sides of the coast ’ ’
—Thompson ( sub L. vulgaris). Dredged occasionally (dead) by Hyndman,
and alive in 12-15 fathoms by Dickie off Strangford Lough. Newcastle,
Ballyholme, Cultra, Bedbay, Ballycastle and Portrush may he mentioned as
localities, and on the Derry coast it is very abundant. Bev. Canon Grainger,
D.D., informs me that the young shells of this species are called “ aprons”
on Magilligan strand.

Xiutraria oblonga, Chemnitz.

“Magilligan, Mr. Hyndman ’’—Thompson {sub L. Mans).

Scrobicularia prismatiea, Montagu.

Magilligan, Belfast Bay, and from 50 fathoms off the South Bock, Co. Down
— Thompson ( sub Amphidesma prismatiea). “ Living, rare, in 20 fathoms off
Black Head”, and frequent in a dead state, 1-27 fathoms— Hyndman ; living
both in and outside of Strangford Lough, in 7-20 fathoms — Dickie ( sub
Syndosmya prismatiea) .

Scrobicularia nifcida, Muller.

Near Portaferry in Strangford Lough — Thompson {sub Amphidesma inter-
media). Living, rare, in deep water off Belfast Lough, and in 4-5 fathoms
in Larne Lough — Hyndman ( 'sub Syndosmya intermedia). Dickie dredged it
alive in 15 fathoms in Strangford Lough, and also, in abundance, in 25-26
fathoms in the open channel, 6-7 miles from the bar, on a bottom of fine mud.

Scrobicularia alba, Wood.

Belfast and Strangford Loughs, sparingly, oozy sand, 8-10 fathoms —
Thompson ( sub Amphidesma Boysii). Living in Belfast Lough, in 8 to 12
fathoms— Hyndman ; and in Strangford Lough, in 6 to 20 fathoms— Dickie
{sub Syndosmya alba). In a dead state it has been dredged at all depths.
Living, common, in 6-8 fathoms ofE Bangor— Mr. S. A. Stewart.

var. curia. “ Lough Strangford (Waller) ; Larne, Co. Antrim (J.G.J.)”—
Jeffreys.

Scrobicularia tenuis, Montagu.

“ I have received specimens of this well-marked species from Larne Lough,
County of Antrim”— Thompson. Thompson’s specimens from this locality
are in the Belfast Museum. It does not appear to have been found since.

Scrobicularia piperata, Bellonius.

“ This should not perhaps have been noted in the Belfast Bay column, as
though not uncommon in a dead state, it has not been found alive to my
knowledge ” — Thompson {sub Lutraria compressa) . 1 1 Has not been found living,

76

Praeger — The Marine Shells

tut is probably to be found ’’-Hyndman. Like Tapes decmsatm, tbk species
appears to stop short on the borders of our province, as it byes in Carlingford
Lough (R.Ll.P.), and abounds further southward, while it has never been taken
alive further north. Like T. decmsatm, too, it occurs in profusion in our
Estuarine Clays, whence are probably derived the odd valves which are found
in Belfast Lough and elsewhere.

Solecurtus candidus, Renter. . . 1K

Dead ; dredged by Hyndman on the Turbot Bank, and by Dickie in 12-15

fathoms outside Strangford Lough. Yery rare.

Solecurtus antiquatus, Rulteney.

“Bed Bay and Lame Lough, Co. Antrim- Strangford Lough, 8-10
fathoms, soft sand, W.T.”-Thompson (sub Solen antiquatus). Hyndman
dredged it several times, in a dead state, off Black Head, m 15 to 30 fathoms.
In Strangford Lough, Dickie obtained it in almost every haul of the dredge,
hut never alive. (By Hyndman and Dickie sub S. coarctatus).

Ceratisolen legumen, Lime.

The following from Thompson ( sub Solen legumen) : — “ ‘Plentiful on the
East coast from Cork to Belfast’, Brown’s Illust. p. 113, 2nd edit. This re-
mark gives quite too extensive an idea of its distribution. Specimens from
the extensive sandy coasts of Dublin and Louth only have come under my
notice ; if the species be found so far North as Down, it must be only on the
more southern part of it”. Newcastle, Co. Down— Belf. Mus. Coll. ; and
Mr. Swanston has a fresh and complete specimen, and also a fresh sing e
valve, which he found thrown up by the tide at this place.

Solen pellucidus, Pennant.

A rather common species, living in all our bays and in the deeper waters,
on sand and mud, in depths varying from 3 to 25 fathoms. Thompson men-
tions that plaice caught on the northeast coast have sometimes their stomachs
filled with remains of this shell.

Solen ensis, Linnd.

Common in sandy bays throughout the province.

Solen siliqua, Linne.

“ Most common of the genus on our coast generally ’’—Thompson. Dead
valves have been dredged in up to 90 fathoms, but the habitat of the species
is in sandy bays between tide-marks, where it is abundant. As noted by
Hyndman, very fine specimens are to be found at Ballyholme Bay, Co. Down.

Solen vagina, Linne. (<

< < A specimen has been given me as from Lame Lough ’ ’ Thompson. ' n

the Irish coast it is local, inhabiting very extensive sandy beaches, as tiiose of
Magilligan, and of the counties of Dublin and Cork (Thompson), xn eig *
fathoms, Bangor, County Down, dead (Patterson)”— Forbes and Hanley.
“ Dead, off Bangor, Co. Down” is Hyndman’ s only note of it (sub S. margt-
natus), and Dickie’ s dredgings never yielded it. This species, which is so rare

of the North of Ireland.

77

in our present waters, occurs throughout our later post-tertiary deposits, while
S. siliqua, which is not found in. these beds, appears to have now taken its
place, being abundant in suitable localities.

Pandora insequivalvis, Linne.

var. ohtusa. “Dredged off Carrickfergus, Mr. Hyndman; subsequently by
Mr. Hyndman and myself in Strangford Lough” — Thompson. Taken aliye
off Black Head and Donaghadee, in 15 to 20 fathoms, by Hyndman; and off
the entrance of Strangford Lough, in 18-20 fathoms, by Dickie. (All sub P.
obtusa). Dead on the Turbot Bank and elsewhere.

lyonsia ITorveglca, Chemnitz.

This curious shell is rare in the district. “ Dredged in Belfast and
Strangford Loughs, in from 6 to 12 fathoms, among seaweed” — Thompson.
Living in from 8 to 12 fathoms in Belfast Lough, and dead on the Turbot
Bank — Hyndman. Dickie took it alive in 15 to 25 fathoms in Strangford
Lough, and dead in shallower water. Off Crawf ordsburn, 6 to 7 fathoms, dead,
but fresh and valves united — Mr. S. A. Stewart.

Thracia prsetemiis, Pulteney.

Thompson says of it ( sub Anatina prcetenuis) — “ ‘Belfast Lough, rare,’
Brown. The latter locality probably a mistake. Magilligan is the only
northern locality in which the species has yet been met with by Mr. Hyndman
or myself ; it is thrown ashore quite fresh there ”. Dredged by Hyndman in
15, 20 (valves united), and 27 fathoms off Belfast Lough, and in 20 fathoms
off Larne, dead in each instance. “Coast of Down (Patterson)” — Forbes
and Hanley. (All sub Cochlodesma prcetenue) . I have a valve found by my
brother at Magilligan.

Thracia papyracea, Poli.

‘"Belfast and Strangford ” — Thompson (sub T. declivis, Thor.). Dredged by
Hyndman at various points around the entrance to Belfast Lough, in 20 to 30
fathoms, and by Dickie both in and outside of Strangford Lough, in 7-20
fathoms; in all instances dead ( sub T. phaseolina). Dead, in 6-8 fathoms,
off Bangor and Donaghadee — Mr. S. A. Stewart.

var. villosiuseula. Dead, in from 1 to 30 fathoms, off Belfast Lough and
Island Magee — Hyndman (sub T. villosiuscula).

Thracia pubescens, Pulteney.

“ Belfast Bay ” — Thompson. On the Turbot Bank, rare, dead— Hyndman.

“ The reputed Irish localities are doubtful”— Jeffreys.

Thracia eomrexa, W. Wood.

“Difficult to procure on account of its habit of burrowing rather deeply in
muddy sand” — Jeffreys, which may perhaps account for its not having been
taken alive in the province. “In Strangford Lough” — Thompson; speci-
mens from thence are in Thompson’s collection in the Belfast Museum. “Hot
known to be now living in the Bay ; two specimens have been dredged off

Praeger — The Marine Shells

Black Head, broken, but with ligament fresh, so that it is probably still living ”

— Hyndman. Dickie took it three times in Strangford Lough, but dead in
each case.

Thracia dictorta, Montagu.

“In limestone near Belfast, with Saxicava , Mr. Grainger” — Thompson.
The only other note is a repetition by Hyndman of this record.

Cortoula gibfoa, Olivi.

« Strangford Lough is the best locality known to me for this species, m
some parts of which it is common on muddy ground, at a depth of about from
4 to 10 fathoms” — Thompson {sub 0. striata). Living in 12-20 fathoms off
Belfast Lough, and in 1-90 fathoms off Larne and the Maidens— Hyndman.
The results of Dickie’s explorations in Strangford Lough amply confirm
Thompson’s note, as this shell was found in abundance, alive, at every station,

4 to 25 fathoms. Living, common, 8-10 fathoms, Belfast Bay Mr. S. A.
Stewart.

ftZya arenaria, Linne.

A common littoral species, living in abundance in muddy estuaries. 1 fiave
seen specimens of unusual size (3x5 inches) dug on the Holy wood Bank for
bait, and at Cultra have found small distorted individuals inhabiting the for-
saken burrows of Pholades. Locally called “ cockabrillion ” or “ cockle-
brillion.”

Mya truncata, Linne.

With the last, but frequenting more the open sea.

aUbreviata was dredged by Hyndman and Jeffreys living in 80 fathoms
off the Antrim coast, some 10 miles from land.

Kya Bingliami, Turton. A

Turbot Bank, living, rare— Hyndman ( sub Sphcenia Binghami). Occa-
sionally met with in a dead state.

Saxicava rugosa, Linne.

Burrowing in limestone and old shells, or free. “ Common around the coast
on the North and East ’’-Thompson. Living commonly in from 0 to 30
fathoms in the waters explored by Dickie and Hyndman ; the latter dredge
living examples in 70-90 fathoms near the Maiden Bocks.
mr. arctica. With the typical form, but not so abundant, and inhabiting
rather deeper water (S. arctica).

Venerupis Irus, Linne.

In Thompson’s collection in the Belfast Museum, there are specimens ot
this shell labelled “Bundoran, Co. Donegal” ; in the 4th volume of the
“ Natural History of Ireland” there is no mention of its occurrence there.

?bolas dactylus, Linne.

Burrowing in sandstone, marl, and hard clay, between high and low water
mark, on both sides of Belfast Lough ; Carrickfergus, Greenland, and Cultra
may be mentioned as localities where it may be taken alive,

of the North of Ireland.

79

Fholas Candida, Linne.

The most common of the genus in Belfast Lough, inhabiting the same
situations as the last- Dickie dredged dead valves in 7-20 fathoms in Castle
"Ward Bay, Strangford Lough.

Pholas parva, Tennant.

“ Was procured some years ago off the Long Strand, Belfast Bay, by Dr.
J. L. Drummond ; subsequently by the Ordnance collectors at Whitehouse
Point, in the same bay” — Thompson. Hyndman supplies the additional in'*
formation that it was in submerged peat that it occurred in the former
locality.

Fholas crispata, Linne.

“ Belfast Lough, Brown. Inhabiting indurated clay about low water mark,
Belfast Bay” — Thompson. “Living in submerged peat at extreme low-
water in Bangor Harbour, County Down, and in other places — Hyndman.
Castle Chichester, in Triassic marl, but of very small size — Mr. Swanston.
It flourishes on the shore at Cultra, near low water mark, in Boulder Clay,
Hew Red Sandstone, and Carboniferous Shale ; at this place, from a piece of
soft sandstone less than 6 inches square, the writer has taken P. dactylus , P.
Candida , P. crispata , and Tapes pullastra var. perforans, all living.

Pholadidea papyracea, Turton.

“ Two specimens in the Ordnance Museum are labelled “ Portrush”, North
of Ireland ” — Thompson ( sub Pholas papyracea ). “ Discovered in the dredg-

ings of 1857, embedded in rolled lumps of hard clay, and again in the deep
water this season ’ ’ (1858)— Hyndman. Off the Maiden Rocks, 70-90 fathoms,
is the station where these specimens, which were living, were obtained. In his
1859 Report, Hyndman again records it “living at the depth of 80 fathoms
north of the Maidens, in small pieces of soft sandstone. The smaller speci-
mens want the cup-shaped appendage, whether the effect of insufficient space
or immature growth.” Hyndman first recorded it as Pholas striata , but sub-
sequently corrected it to the present species. “Sandstone at low-water,
Castle Chichester near Belfast (Hyndman)”— Jeffreys ; whence it has been
obtained subsequently. Low water mark being its usual habitat, it is probable
that all the deep water specimens above should go under the following variety,
which is essentially a deep water form.

var. aborta. “In soft sandstone dredged in 80 f. off the coast of Antrim
(J.G.J.)”— Jeffreys.

[Teredo Worvegica, Spengler.

“ Donaghadee (Co. Down), the animal alive ” —Thompson. “Not known
as living in the Bay ” — Hyndman. Probably stray specimens only have been
met with here.]

8o

Praeger — The Marine Shells

CLASS SOLENOCONCHIA.

Dentalium entalis, Linne.

“On most parts of the Irish coast”— Thompson. The curious ‘ tooth-
shell” lives in some profusion on the Antrim and Down coasts, on sand and
mud, in depths varying from 5 fathoms in Belfast Lough to 90 fathoms at the
Maiden Bocks.

CLASS GASTEROPODA.

OEDEE CYCLOBEANCHIATA.

Chiton fascicularis, Linne.

“Generally distributed ’’-Thompson. Living in Strangford Lough-
Dickie, and Mr. S. A. Stewart.

W. gracilis. “Lough Strangford (Adair). A specimen from the ^last-
mentioned locality measures nearly an inch and a half m length, wh „
largest that I have of the typical form (from Unst), is scarcely an inch long

— Jeffreys.

Chiton Hanleyi, Bean . . ,,

“A fine living specimen on a shell, and one on a stone, in 80 fathoms -

Hyndman, 1859 Beport.

Chiton cancellatus (jMeht), G. B. Sowerby , Jun.

« Among oysters from Killinchv, Down, Templeton MSS. Found by M. .
Hyndman and myself in different localities on the North-East coast -
■ Thompson (sub 0. albus, Mont.). Belfast Lough-Belf. Mns. Coll. Lit-
ing ; not uncommon in deep water” — Hyndman.

Chiton cinereus, Linne.

“On most parts of the Irish coast ’’-Thompson. Frequent, living m
15-70 fathoms-Hyndman; and commonly in Strangford Lough, 4-20
fathoms— Dickie {sub C. asellus). Carrickfergus— Mr. Swanston.

Chiton albus , Linne. Q

“North coast of Ireland”— Thompson. “ Strangford Lough — Mr. S.

A. Stewart. Belfast Lough— Belf. Mus. Coll.

of the North of Ireland . 8 1

Chiton margin at us, Pennant.

Among oysters from Killinchy (Temp. MSS.), in the stomach of a haddock
taken at Newcastle, Co. Down, and in other localities on the North-East
coast — Thompson ( sub C. f uscatus, Brown). Though it is a common species
generally, neither Hyndman nor Dickie has any note of it. Belfast Lough—
Belf. Mus. Coll.

Chiton ruber ( Linne ), Lowe.

“ Among oysters from Killinchy, Down, Temp. MSS. Found hy Mr.
Hyndman and myself in different localities on the North-East coast” —
Thompson. Living in 15-25 fathoms north of Larne — Hyndman ; and in
and about Strangford Lough in 7-20 fathoms— Dickie. Belfast Lough —
Belf. Mus. Coll.

Chiton Isevis ( Pennant ), Montagu.

Living, very rare, in Castle Ward Bay, Strangford Lough, 7-20 fathoms —
Dickie. Belfast Lough — Belf. Mus. Coll.

Chiton marmoreus, Fabricius.

‘ 1 Obtained in Strangford Lough hy Mr. Hyndman and myself. On
oysters brought to Belfast market from Carlingford, and Greencastle (Co.
Londonderry), W. T.; Bangor, Co. Down, Mr. B. Patterson” — Thompson
{sub C. Icevigatus). Strangford Lough — Mr. S. A. Stewart.

OEDEE PECTINIBEANCHIATA.

Patella vulgata, Linne.

Between tide marks, on stones and rocks ; very common here, as elsewhere.
Hyndman dredged dead shells in 27 fathoms on the Turbot Bank. He makes
a curious statement about the limpet on the authority of Captain White,
Harbour Master — that it is found to he good for eating and wholesome on the
outer coast of Co. Down, but that in Strangford Lough it is found not to he
wholesome, and is avoided hy the people there. There is an interesting
paper in the “ Annals of Natural History” for June, 1839, hy the late Mr.
Bobert Patterson, F.B.S., on the use of the limpet as food in the North of
Ireland, which will well repay perusal.

var. depress®,. “Living. Coast of Down, in Mr. Hyndman’ s cabinet” —
Hyndman, 1859 Beport ( sub P. athletica). Bangor, Co. Down — Belf. Mus.
Coll.

Helcion pellucidum, Linne.

Of general occurrence round our shores, on the broad fronds of Laminaria
digitata, at and near low water mark. Dickie brought up living specimens
from as deep as 15 fathoms in Wellstream Bay, Strangford Lough, and
Hyndman dredged it dead on the Turbot Bank {Patella pellucida).

82

Praeger — The Marine Shells

mr. lsevis. Equally distributed with the typical form, and not separated from
it by the authors quoted above.

Tectura testudinalis, Muller.

On stones at and below low water mark. Newcastle and Bloody Bridge
Thompson [sub Lottia testudinalis). Frequent on both sides of Belf ast Lough
— Hyndman; and dead specimens were dredged in Strangford Lough by
Dickie, and Mr. S. A. Stewart {Acmcea testudinalis). This shell was named
by Sowerby Tatella Clealandi in honour of Mr. J . Bose Clealand, of Bathgael
House, who procured the first British examples at Bangor, Co. Down ; but
as a species it proved to have been previously described and named by Muller,
from Danish specimens. On stones near the Twin Islands, Belfast Harbour,
of large size — Mr. Swanston.

Tectura virginea, Muller.

“ Obtained on the shore of Belfast Bay by Mrs. M‘Gee, and found by Mr
Hyndman adhering to oysters in Belfast Market in 1831 ’’-Thompson {sub
Lottia virginea). Hyndman took it very frequently, living at the entrance
to Belfast Lough, and off Larne, in from 10 to 25 fathoms ; and rom
Dickie’s dredgings it would appear to live in abundance in Strangford Loug ,
in 4 to 25 fathoms {sub Acmcea virginea). Dead shells frequent on t e
Turbot Bank.

Tectura fulva, Muller.

Turbot Bank, rare, dead; determined by Dr. Dickie— Hyndman,
Beport {sub Filidium fulvum).

1858

Propilidiuzn ancycloides, Forbes.

“ Obtained by Mr. Hyndman many years ago on oysters from Strangford
Lough”— Thompson {sub Fatella ancycloides). In a dead state it is rather
common on the Turbot Bank. The only locality on our shores where it has
been certainly taken alive would appear to be the deep water near the Maiden
Bocks, where Hyndman procured living specimens several times, in between
70 and 100 fathoms of water! Jeffreys says “on the Antrim Coast m 18-1
fathoms (Hyndman and others),” which looks as if some other observer had
taken it at a less depth.

Puncturella OToacliina, Linne.

“ Mouth of Belfast Bay, 27 fathoms, one dead specimen dredged by Mr.
Hyndman ’’—Thompson ; his only Irish note of the species. Hyndman
subsequently obtained it on several occasions on the Turbot Bank (the same
locality), always dead. Jeffreys says of it-“ Co. Antrim (Hyndman,
Waller, and J.G.J.). The specimens, however, from the last-mentioned
locality are probably relics of the glacial epoch, and not recent.” It is a
species essentially of northern origin, whose most southern station is bear-
borough in Yorkshire, while northward it ranges as far as Spitzbergen and
North Greenland.

of the North of Ireland .

83

Emarginula fissura, Linne.

Common off the South Antrim coast, living in depths varying from 5
fathoms in Belfast Lough to 90 fathoms near the Maiden Rocks — Hyndman ;
it was not taken alive in Strangford Lough, but was common in a dead state
— Dickie ( sub F. reticulata). Thrown up by the tide on sandy beaches at
Castlerock and Magilligan, Co. Derry, and Newcastle, Co. Down — R.L1.P.

var. elata. Jeffreys records this variety, which is larger, more solid, and
much higher than the typical form, as taken by him at “ Larne near Belfast.”

Emarglnula rosea, Bell.

Hyndman states that this shell was dredged, in a dead state, by Mr. Waller
on the Turbot Bank. It is entirely a southern form, inhabiting, as a British
species, the Channel Islands and South of England coasts, and its occurrence
here as a native would he, to say the least of it, highly improbable.

Emarg-inula crassa, J. Sowerby.

Very rare, living in 60 fathoms off the Copeland Islands ; dead in shallower
water in the same vicinity, and on the Turbot Bank, and in 70-100 fathoms
near the Maidens— Hyndman. Dredged alive off the Maidens— Mr.

Swanston. It is a species of great beauty and rarity, inhabiting rocky
ground in deep water, where it is almost inaccessible to the dredge.

Fissurella CS-raeca, Linne.

“On all the Irish coasts” — Thompson. Living sparingly in 10 to 25
fathoms at various points of the Antrim and Down coasts — Hyndman, and
Dickie ( sub F. reticulata). Portrush — Miss Richardson. Magilligan and
Castlerock, Co. Derry, dead — R.L1.P.

Capulus Hungarlcus, Linne.

“Generally distributed” — Thompson ( C . TTngaricus). Not uncommon,
living on stones and oyster shells in 10 to 20 fathoms, off Belfast Lough and
Larne. In a dead state it has been dredged by Dickie in Strangford Lough,
and by Hyndman in the deepest water off the Maidens (100 fathoms).
Rather worn shells are thrown ashore by the tide at Magilligan and New-
castle— R.L1.P. Hyndman and Dickie mention it under Lamarck’s generic
name of Eileopsis. Locally called “ fool’s cap.”

[Haliotis tuberculata, Linne.

“ ‘ Dredged near Groomsport, Co. Down, Oct. 1811,’ Templeton, MSS.”—
Thompson. The two specimens affirmed to have been there obtained are
preserved in the Belfast Museum, on a card which bears the following
manuscript note by Mr. Robert Templeton : — “ These are the two haliotes
which rank this shell as a native of Ireland. They were got by the late John
Templeton, Esq., I believe on the Co. Down shore— R. T.” Jeffreys dis-
misses this and other records with very little ceremony— “the Irish localities
must have been from hearsay, and are manifestly wrong.” It would appear
probable that the Groomsport specimens were actually obtained there, for

8+

Praegev — The Marine Shells

Mr. Templeton’s care and accuracy are well known, but they must have been
derived from some passing vessel or other extraneous source; this beautiful
species inhabits nowhere north of the Channel Islands.]

Scissurella crispata, Fleming.

A northern species, frequenting, in Britain, chiefly the Orkney and Shetland
Islands. “ Mouth of Belfast Bay, 27 fathoms, 2 dead specimens dr-edged by
Mr. Hyndman ’’-Thompson. In Hyndman’s Reports, additional specimens
are mentioned as having been obtained on the Turbot Bank, and a single
fresh shell was taken in 80 fathoms some 6 miles north of the Maidens.

Cyclostrema nitens, Philippi. _

Found by Jeffreys in Turbot Bank sand sent to him— Hyndman, 18o8

Report (as Trochus (Margarita) pusillus).

Cyclostrema serpuloides, Montagu.

In Turbot Bank sand, as last {sub Skenea divisa ) ; and in his 1859 Report
Hyndman records having dredged living examples off Larne.

[Margarita costulata, Moller.

Found by Mr. Waller in Turbot Bank sand— Hyndman. It is an arctic
species, whose southern limit is Iceland. Dead specimens have been dredged
in several Scotch localities also, which, with those from the Turbot Bank,
must be looked on as relics of the great ice age.]

Trochus helieinus, Fabricius.

“Living, common, on Laminaria digitata, $e.” Hyndman. Assuming
that Margarita communis, Mont. = M. vulgaris , Leach, Thompson mentions
the loughs of Belfast, Larne, and Strangford as localities. Hyndman dredged
dead specimens on the Turbot Bank.

var. fasciata. “ Found by Mr. Hyndman in the North of Ireland ~
Jeffreys.

Trochus aroenlandicus, Chemnitz.

Dredged in a dead state by Hyndman on the Turbot Bank {sub T. {Marga-
rita) undulatus). The specimens were determined by Jeffreys, who, how-
ever, remarks that they look suspiciously like fossils from a submarine post-
tertiary deposit in the locality. It is an arctic species, which descends as far
southward as the north of Scotland.

[Trochus cinereus, Couthouy.

“ Has been dredged by Mr. Waller on the Antrim Coast ; but it is a sub-
marine fossil” — Jeffreys. Hyndman also records it, as Margarita cinereal)

Trochus magus, Linne.

Not uncommon on the coasts of Derry, Antrim, and Down, living chiefly

in about 5 to 10 fathoms.

Trochus tumidus, Montagu.

Belfast and Strangford Loughs, and Donaghadee— Thompson. Hyndman
dredged it very frequently, living in depths ranging from 10 to 100 fathoms,

of the North of Ireland. 85

and from Dickie’s lists it would appear to live in profusion in Strangford
Lough.

Trochus cinerareus, Linne.

One of our most common species, living on stones and sea-weed between
tide-marks and in depths up to 25 fathoms, throughout the province.
Hyndman dredged a single living specimen in the great depth of 70-90
fathoms off the Maidens. It is locally called “ silver- shell,” on account of
the pearly lustre of the inner layers. The T. littoralis, Brown, for which
Thompson, quoting from an older writer, mentions Killough as a station,
belongs to the present species, and, according to Jeffreys, can scarcely he
considered a variety.

Trochus umhilicatus, Montagu.

Between tide-marks, among stones and Fuel ; common.

Trochus Suminyi, Requien.

Our rarest shell, Bundoran in Donegal Bay being its only British habitat.
It appears to be of rather rare occurrence there, where it was first discovered
some years ago by Edward Waller, an assiduous and distinguished Ulster
conchologist.

Trochus lineatus, Fa Costa.

“This littoral species, found on rocks, stones, &c., is unknown to me
further north on the Eastern line of coast than Ballywalter, Co. Down
(54^° lat.). Southward it is common ” — Thompson (sub Monodonta crassa).
On the western side of the province it flourishes at Bundoran, in just the
same latitude — Waller, Jeffreys, and others.

Trochus Montacutl, W. Wood.

Sparingly hut widely distributed on the Antrim and Down shores. Hynd-
man dredged it alive off Ballygalley Head, Waller off Groomsport, and Dickie
in Strangford Lough and the open channel adjoining — depths ranging from
12 to 25 fathoms ; in a dead state it occurred frequently, especially on the
Turbot Bank (sub T. Montagui). A very elegant scalariform monstrosity was
dredged off Larne, as noted by Hyndman and Jeffreys.

Trochus striatus, Linne.

“Dead, in Turbot Bank sand, Mr. Jeffreys ’’—Hyndman, 1859 Report;
specimens from that locality are in the Belfast Museum Collection. In his
“British Conchology,” the most northern station which Jeffreys gives is
Dublin Bay. It is a southern species, and frequents the Channel Islands and
south coasts of England and Ireland.

[Trochus exasperatus, Pennant.

“Turbot Bank, Dr. Dickie, doubtful”— Hyndman, 1857 Report (sub T.
exiguus ). This is the only note of the occurrence of the present species.

J effreys regards as doubtful all localities other than those on the South of
England coasts and Channel Islands.]

36 Praeger — The Marine Shells

Trochus millegranus, Philippi.

Of not uncommon occurrence, living in depths varying from 10 fathoms in
Belfast Lough to 100 fathoms at the Maiden Rocks ; Dickie includes it in his
lists of Strangford Lough shells. Thompson says — “ It inhabits the deeper
portions of Belfast and Strangford Loughs, chiefly from 10 to 23 fathoms, in
sand ooze, &c. Bundoran, Mrs. Hancock. T. Clelandi, Wood, is considered
another variety. It was sent to the Author from Strangford Lough by
James Rose Clealand, Esq.” Dredged at Glenarm, Mr. S. A. Stewart.

Trochus granulatus, Porn.

This handsome shell, the largest British Trochus, is of extreme rarity in our
province. “ Two broken specimens dredged up at separate times in Belfast
Bay ; hut as there are only two other examples known of its being found so
far from its usual southern habitat, these have been no doubt introduced
accidentally Hyndman, 1857 Report. “ Fragments in 25 fathoms, 2 miles
off Black Head ” — Ibid., 1858 Report. It has been dredged off the Mull of
Galloway, and at Sanda Island, opposite the Antrim coast, so its occurence on
our shores is not improbable. I find the following marginal note in Mr. Wm.
Swanston’s copy of Thompson’s work, opposite the name (T. papillosus,
Brown) of this species: “One living and one dead, S.E. of Maidens, 72
fathoms, 11th Sept., 1882— W. S.” The specimens are in Mr. Swanston’s
cabinet, and are fine and characteristic examples.

Trochus zizyphinus, Linne.

A pretty and well-known species, which is distributed throughout our
waters, and has been taken alive at all depths. It flourishes most in from
about 5 to 25 fathoms.

var. X.yonsii. “ The pure white variety has been dredged of all sizes, hut
very sparingly, in Belfast Lough by Mr. Hyndman and myself ; on one
occasion we found numbers of this variety on the beach at Ardmillan
(Strangford Lough), whence they were brought adherent to “wrack ” {Pud)
cut for manure about some of the islands”— Thompson. Hyndman took it
living in from 20 to 90 fathoms off Larne, and Dickie in Strangford Lough.
var. data. “ Deep water on the coast of Antrim (J. G. J.) ” — Jeffreys.
Phasianella pulla, Linne.

“Littoral in some localities; dredged in from about 6 to 10 fathoms in
Belfast Bay, common ’’—Thompson. Living, frequent, near low water
mark— Hyndman ; it was dredged by him alive in as deep as 20 fathoms on
the Cod Bank off Larne. In a dead state it is abundant in the shell sand of
the Turbot Bank, and Dickie records it from Strangford Lough.

Xiacuna crassior, Montagu.

Frequent, ranging from low water mark to the deepest water at the
Maidens. Thompson and Dickie took it in Strangford Lough.

Saeima divaricata, Fabricius.

A common speeies. “The var. L. vincta is not uncommon ; L. canalis is

of the North of Ireland .

87

more so ” — Thompson {sub X. quadrifasciata) . “ Common on laminaria ” —
Hyndman (sw£ X. vincta). Abundant in Turbot Bank sand, in a dead state.

Xiacuna puteolus, Turton.

Apparently rare. Dredged by Hyndman, in a dead state, on the Turbot
Bank, and near Ballygalley Head. Strangford Lough — Mr. S. A. Stewart.
Bundoran — Belf. Mus. Coll.

var. conica. “ Co. Antrim (Hyndman)” — Jeffreys.

Xiacuna pallidula, Da Costa.

“ Inhabits the laminarian region in Belfast and Strangford Loughs, and
chiefly found on the broad fronds of Laminaria digitata ; also on oysters ;
occurs hut sparingly ; procured in some quantity at Ballycastle by the Bey.
Thomas Hincks ” — Thompson. “Living, common, on Laminaria ” —

Hyndman. Magilligan — Belf . Mus. Coll.

Xiittorina obtusata, Linne.

Abundant on stones and Fuci on all beaches. Hyndman dredged dead
shells on the Turbot Bank (X. littoralis). “ Common around the shores” —
Thompson (X. Neritoides , Forbes).

var. neritiformis. “Captain Brown has given Downpatrick as an Irish
locality ” — J effreys .

var. fabalis. “ I have found it plentifully at Larne in the North of Ireland.
I believe it represents the young males of the ordinary form ” — Jeffreys.

Xiittorina neritoides, Linne.

On rocks and stones above high water mark; common. Bundoran —

Thompson (X. petrcea, Mont.).

Xiittorina rudis, Maton.

Plentiful on stony beaches everywhere.

var. saxatilis. “ North of Ireland ” — Thompson (X. saxatilis).

var. jug-osa. “Is common on all quarters of the rocky coasts ’’—Thompson
(L. jug os a).

var. patula. “ Living, common, on rocky ground a little below high water
mark” — Hyndman (X. patula). Is this correct? Jeffreys gives only three
stations in Britain — Eddystone, Penzance, and Unst.

var. tenebrosa. “Although met with on all sides of the coast, it is local”
— Thompson (X. tenebrosa). It is an estuarine form, and occurs on our
Zostera hanks. Larne Lough — Hyndman. Fair Head — Belf. Mus. Coll.

Xiittorina litorea, Linne.

In the greatest abundance on stones and mud hanks. “Abundant round
the shores of the Island” — Thompson (X. communis , Turt. Br.).

var. turrita. Belfast Lough, Mr. S. A. Stewart — Belf. Mus. Coll.

Genus Rissoa, Freminville.

Of this large genus of tiny shells, out of the 25 species which Jeffreys in-

88

Praeger — The Marine Shells

eludes in the British catalogue, 20 are recorded as occurring in our province.
The Rissoa, and that other large genus of small univalves, the Odostomice, will
serve as good examples of the richness in the smaller univalves of that inte-
resting area of sand and gravel which is known as the Turhot Bank. Thus,
of the 20 species of Rissoa found in the district, 18, or all but 2, occur m t e
shell-sand from this vicinity, about half of these being inhabitants, of the
littoral and laminarian regions, while the other half frequent the coralline and
deep-sea zones. As regards Odostomia, to he mentioned presently, we have
24 species, out of 34 British, of which no less than 21 occur in the Turbot
Bank sand, and 10 of these have not been obtained elsewhere in our waters.
As suggested by Mr. Hyndman, the home of the majority of this large num-
ber of species, whose deserted habitations bestrew the Turbot Bank, is pro-
bably the profound rocky depths near the Maidens, where they may live, out
of reach of the trawl and dredge.

Note.— Except where otherwise stated, the shells referred to m the notes
on species of Rissoa, were dead.

Rissoa striatula, Montagu.

Bundoran— Thompson. Frequent on the Turhot Bank— Hyndman.

Rissoa cancellata, Fa Costa. .

Of frequent occurrence on the Turbot Bauk-Hyndman. Dredged m
Strangford Lough, and the open channel adjoining-Diekie. (Both sub It.
crenulata).

Rissoa calathrus, Forbes $ Manley.

Turbot Bank, rare— Hyndman.

Rissoa reticulata, Montagu.

Common on the Turbot Bank— Thompson, and Hyndman. Common, 7-20
fathoms, Castle Ward Bay, Strangford Lough— Dickie. (All sub R. Beanu).
In shell-sand dredged near Ardmillan in the latter lough— R.L1.P.

Rissoa cimieoides, Forbes.

« Lame, Co. Antrim (J.G.J.) ’’-Jeffreys. The Turbot Bank is probably
the locality intended. Specimens in the Belfast Museum Collection are
labelled as from Lame.

Rissoa punetura, Montagu.

Bundoran— Thompson. Common on the Turbot Bank— Hyndman.
Rissoa Zetlandiea, Montagu.

On the Turbot Bank-Hyndman. Specimens from thence are m the
Belfast Museum Collection.

Rissoa costata, Adams. ^ a

Bundoran— Thompson. On the Turbot Bank, and in about 20 fathoms off
Ballygalley Head— Hyndman. Strangford Lough— Dickie, and R.L1.P.
Rissoa parva, Fa Costa.

“A very common species around the coast” Thompson. It lives in

of the North of Ireland. 89

profusion on Zostera and Algos, at low water mark and a few fathoms depth.
Dead on the Turbot Bank and elsewhere.

var. interrupta, Common around the coast — Thompson (R. interrupta).

Rlssoa ineonspicua, Alder.

“ One specimen at Bundoran, Mrs. Hancock ” — Thompson. Frequent on
the Turbot Bank — Hyndman.

Rissoa albella, Loven.

Turbot Bank; from Hyndman’s collection — Belf. Mus. Coll. I find no
note of it in Hyndman’s Reports. If the determination of the species he
correct, the specimens probably belong to the variety Sarsii, which is abun-
dant along the west coast of Scotland ; the typical form is confined to Bantry
Bay, according to Jeffreys.

Rissoa membranacea, Adams.

“ Bundoran, Warren. On muddy hanks, within and below low water, it
is common and fine in Belfast Bay” — Thompson, who remarks that he is
informed that this species lives on the leaves of the “ sleech-grass ” ( Zostera
marina), and never, like other Rissoce, on Fuci. A common species, living on
Zostera hanks throughout the district. Dead on the Turbot Bank, and in
deep water in and outside of Strangford Lough — Hyndman, and Dickie. (R.
labiosa by all).

Rissoa violacea, Desmarets.

Bangor, Belfast Bay — Thompson. “ Living, scarce, on sea-weed between
tide-marks” — Hyndman. Dead, common, Castle Ward Bay, Strangford

Lough — Dickie. (All sub R. rufilabrum ) . It is one of the two North of Ireland
Rissoce. which alone are not recorded from the Turbot Bank.

Rissoa striata, Adams.

This tiny shell swarms around our shores, on sea- weeds, stones, and mud,
between tide-marks. Common also, in a dead state, in up to 30 fathoms of
water on the Antrim and Down coasts.

Rissoa proxima, Alder.

“Magilligan (W.T.) ; Bundoran (Mrs. Hancock) ” — Thompson. Turbot
Bank, very rare — Hyndman. It is a rare and critical species, and as it has a
southern distribution, and Dublin is the most northern station given by
Jeffreys, it is possible that Thompson’s localities belong to the following
species.

3£issoa vitrea, Montagu.

Turbot Bank, extremely rare — Hyndman.

Siissoa fulglda, Adams.

“ I have found it sparingly at Larne Lough, near Belfast ” — Jeffreys.

Rissoa soluta, Philippi .

In Turbot Bank sand, very rare — Hyndman. Specimens from thence are in
the Belfast Museum Collection.

90

Praeger — The Marine Shells

SUs*oa semistrlata .Montagu. . , „ Matnllifran

* ■ X. semistriata has come under my inspection m shell- sand from Ma„illigan

and Bundoran ’’—Thompson. On the Turhot Bank, rare Hyndman.

pura. Observed in Turbot Bank sand by Mr. Jeff reys-Hyndman (suS

var. alba).

R1S On" aTsa!sUof "“art ’’-Thompson (*. einyilla) ‘^rnng com-
mon, under stones near low water mark ’’-Hyndman. Dead shells in the

deeper water. _ m , ,,

var. rupestris. “North-East coast, Mr. Hyndman and W. T., not rare
—Thompson. Turhot Ban k, rare— Hyndman.

[Rissoa Bryerea, Montagu. TTwnrlman ” —

1 “ Among shell-sand from Magilligan, one procured by Mr Hyndman

Thompson This is Eimina Bryerea , a West Indian species, stray examples of
Inch have been occasionally found at different places in the British Isles.]

...... r. .«■

on the rocks n.r the ttient’e Ceusewey. It * JStt.,,. 4 *

Indian shell, and has no claim to he considered British.]

HydSmiT'^ "Tzfstem banks and muddy sands in all our hays and estuaries,

, f™, Je marks Dead on the Turhot Bank-Hyndman (Xusoa ukce).
5“ “Sehief food of the grey mullet. In winter various sea-

birds feed on it.

Sar“!lng!”wSughtfrom Tory Island, off the north

val bv Mr Hyndman, in 1845, this species was found -Thompson (su
Bundoran, Co. Donegal (J.G.J.) ’’-Jeffreys. Specimens

from the latter station are in the Belfast Museum.

Bundoran by Mrs. Hancoch, in 1840 ”-
Thompson ( sub Rissoa albella, Alder) .

“ ZlZ^era and Alyoe between tide-mark, Abu.

var. tro^hiformis. Larne Lough-Jeffreys. This is the eonvex-spired
variety mentioned by Hyndman in his 1859 Eeport.

HOmSr=I^-shores of Larne Lough ’’-Hyndman («.
jsJJSL »). “ Donegal in Ireland (Warren) ’’-Forbes and

9i

of the North of Ireland ’

Hanley [Skenea nitidissima) . Belfast Lough — Belf. Mus. Coll. Has probably
been passed over on account of its very minute size ; it would seem to be a
common species generally.

Homalog-yra rota, Forbes $ Hanley.

Tbis rare species has been taken in Donegal by Mr. Warren and Mr.
Barlee Forbes & Hanley ( sub Skenea ? rota). It is the smallest known
species of British shells, having a length, according to Jeffreys, of only 0*0115
inch, and is rare.

Caecum trachea, Montagu.

TurDot Bank ; from Hyndman’ s collection — Belf. Mus. Coll. “ Strangford
(Waller) ” — Jeffreys (supplement).

Caecum g-labrum, Montagu.

“ Shell- sand, deep water, Belfast Bay, Mr. Hyndman ’’—Thompson {sub
Brochus lavis). Bare, in shell-sand from the Turbot Bank— Hyndman.
These refer to the same station, and are the only notes of the occurrence in
our district of the species, which J effreys says is common and universal ; its
insignificant size may account for this.

[Brochus reticulatus of Brown is the young of his B. annulatus , which is
an exotic shell. It is said to have been found in Strangford Lough.].

Turritella terebra, Linne.

Very common, living in 7 to 25 fathoms throughout our waters. Thompson
says Mr. Hyndman observed it living between tide-marks in Carlingford
Lough. In Lough Foyle the dead shells of this species constitute a large
part of the great shell-banks for which the place ha^long been noted.

[Truucafella truncatula, Braparnaud.

11 A specimen agreeing with Montagu’s description of Turbo sub tr uncat a,
but not very well with his figure, was found among shell -sand collected at
Bundoran by Mrs. Hancock”— Thompson {sub T. Montagui). “ I fear
there has been some mistake as to the specimen from this place ’’—Jeffreys.
Its British distribution only extends to the south coast of England and
the Channel Islands, and its foreign range is entirely southern.]

Scalaria Turtouse, Turton.

“At Newcastle, Co. Down, this shell has been met with by Dr. Drum-
mond ’ ’ —Thompson. This station is given also by Forbes and Hanley, and
Jeffreys, on Thompson’s authority. Strangford Lough— Mr. S. A. Stewart.
As a pleistocene fossil it is of common occurrence in the Estuarine Clays at
Belfast; perhaps the specimens labelled “Belfast Lough” in the Museum
Collection were thus derived.

Scalaria communis, Lamarck.

“Although not yet (so far as I am informed) taken in the Loughs of
Strangford or Beliast, it has been procured in the adjacent Lough of Larne ;
Bundoran, Mrs. Hancock ’’—Thompson ( sub S. clathrus). Turbot Bank,
dead, rare —Hyndman. Magilligan — Belf. Mus, Coll,

92

Praeger — The Marine Shells

Scalaria Trevelyana, Leach.

“Mr. Hyndman possesses a specimen from Magilligan Thompson,
specimen from thence, out of Mr. Thompson’s collection, is in the Belfast
Museum. It does not appear to have been taken elsewhere in the province.

Scalaria clatbratula, Adams.

“ Bundoran, Mrs. Hancock ’’-Thompson ; specimens from thence are in
the Belfast Museum. Hyndman dredged dead shells on several occasions, in
the vicinity of the Turbot Bank.

TAcirsa borealis, Beck. ...

“ Dead, in Turbot Bank sand, Mr. Waller, 1857. Described by him m the
“Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society,” and provisionally named
Turritella Sibernica ’’—Hyndman {sub Scalaria Eschnchti). “ Dredged m
18-20 f. off the coast of Antrim, by Mr. Hyndman, Mr. Waller, and myself.
This species has not been found living south of Iceland ’’—Jeffreys.]

Aclis unica, Montagu. ir „ n >»

“ Bundoran, Mrs. Hancock. Deep water, Belfast Bay, Mr. Hyndman
-Thompson ( Chemnitna unica). Turbot Bank, dead, very rare-Hyndman.
It is a littoral species.

Aclis ascaris, Turton.

“Bundoran (Mrs. Hancock, fide Thompson) ’’—Jeffreys.

Aclis supranitida, S. Wood.

“ It has been collected at Bundoran by
Chemnitzia glabra). Hyndman dredged
vicinity of the Turbot «ank.

Mrs . Hancock ’ ’ —Thompson {sub
dead shells occasionally in the

Aclis G-ulsonse, Clark. .

In Turbot Bank sand, determined by Mr. J effreys— Hyndman ( Jeffreysia
Gulsonce). Specimens from the Turbot Bank are in the Belfast Museum.

Var. tenuicula. “Lough Strangford (Waller) ’’-Jeffreys.

Genus Odostomia, Fleming.

This, the largest and perhaps the most complicated genus of British shells,
has by no means been worked out in our district. With the assistance of
that eminent conchologist, Mr. Jeffreys, Hyndman was enabled to publish
very full lists of the Odostomia of the Turbot Bank, and of the 34 British
species, no less than 21 are recorded from this vicinity, all in a dead state ;
but beyond this, there is a paucity of information concerning them. Then-
minute shells are easily overlooked, and it is only with the aid of the micro-
scope that the exquisite sculpture which characterises many of the species,
may be seen with advantage. In the absence of records of any of the
following species having been taken alive, I have omitted noting “dead
after each station.

Odostomia nivosa, Montagu.

u Turbot Bank sand Mr. Jeffreys ’’—Hyndman {sub 0. cylindrica).

of the North of Ireland.

93

Odostomia truneatula, Jeffreys.

A single specimen found among Turbot Bank sand by Mr. Jeffreys ; and
later it was dredged in 25 fatboms off Black Head — Hyndman ; specimens
from tbence are in the Belfast Museum. It is a very rare species, and its
other British stations are all on the South of England coasts.

Odostomia Ssiikisi, Jeffreys.

“Bundoran, Co. Donegal, in drift shell sand (Waller) ” — Jeffreys.

Odostomia rissoides, Hanley.

Found by Jeffreys in Turbot Bank sand— Hyndman. Bundoran— Belf.
Mus. Coll. It is a littoral species, and is distributed throughout the British
coasts.

var. alba. Turbot Bank, Mr. Waller— Hyndman ( sub 0. alba).

var. nitida. Found by Jeffreys in Turbot Bank sand— Hyndman ( sub 0.
nitida).

var. diabia. As last (sub 0. dubia).

Odostomia pallida, Montagu.

“ A very few individuals of this species have been dredged in Belfast Bay,
and taken in the stomach of the grey mullet captured there ; under stones
between tide marks. Strangford Lough, on soft sand and ooze” — Thomp-
son. Dredged in the vicinity of the Turbot Bank on several occasions —
Hyndman ( sub 0. eulimoides). In shell sand dredged near Ardmillan in
Strangford Lough— R.L1.P. It is one of the commoner Odostornice, and lives
on the ears of Pecten opercularis and P. maximus, in the coralline zone ; the
littoral habitat assigned above by Thompson for the species, casts some doubt
on the correctness of his determination.

Odostomia acuta, Jeffreys.

From the Turbot Bank ; determined by Mr. Alder — Hyndman.

Odostomia eonspieua, Alder.

As last ; like it, it is an inhabitant of the coralline zone (15-50 fathoms).

Odostomia uuidentata, Montagu.

“ More frequent in the shell sand that has come under my notice than any
other species of Odostomia'''’ — Thompson; he mentions Strangford Lough as
a locality. Hyndman took it several times on the Turbot Bank, and Dickie
off the entrance to Strangford Lough. Twin Islands in Belfast Harbour —
Mr. Swanston.

Odostomia turrit a, Hanley.

Turbot Bank, Mr. Waller— Hyndman [sub 0. unidentata var. turrita).

Odostomia plicata, Montagu.

“It has been found in Belfast Bay and Strangford Lough by Mr. Hyndman
and myself; at Bundoran by Mrs. Hancock” — Thompson. Bare, off

Bangor, and on the Turbot Bank— Hyndman. Jeffreys gives no northern
stations for the present species, and says that 0. .turrita has been often
mistaken for it.

Praeger — The Marine Shells

Odostomia insculpta, Montagu.

Observed by Jeffreys in Turbot Bank sand which was sent to him for
examination — Hyndm an .

Odostomia otoliqua, Alder.

“ Two specimens obtained from shell sand collected at Bundoran by Mrs.
Hancock ” — Thompson.

Odostomia Warreni, Thompson.

“ A specimen from Bundoran, Mrs. Hancock ’’—Thompson (sub Tissoa
Warrenii). Turbot Bank, Mr. Waller— Hyndman. In the body of Jeffreys’
“British Conchology” it appears as 0. obliqua var. Warreni, but in the
Supplement to that work it is restored to the rank of a species. It was first
described by Mr. Thompson in the “ Annals of Natural History,” from
specimens found at Portmarnock by Mr. T. W. Warren, an assiduous Irish
conchologist, in whose honour Mr. Thompson named it as above.

Odostomia decussata, Montagu.

This beautiful little shell has been found in Turbot Bank sand by Mr.
Jeffreys. Specimens labelled “Co. Antrim” are in the Belfast Museum
Collection.

Odostomia indistincta, Montagu.

Bundoran, Mrs. Hancock— Thompson. On the Turbot Bank on several
occasions- Hyndman. In Strangford Lough and the channel adjoining, very
rare — Dickie. (All sub Chemnitzia indistincta).

Odostomia interstincta, Montagu.

It would appear to be of common occurrence in the Turbot bank shell sand
(Chemnitzia interstincta), but is not noted elsewhere. A widely distributed
and common species generally.

Odostomia spiralis, Montagu.

“ Very sparingly, in shell sand collected at Magilligan hy Miss Moody
Thompson. Common on the Turbot Bank— Hyndman. Entrance to Strang-
ford Lough, 12-15 fathoms, very rare— Dickie.

Odostomia excavata, Philippi.

“Bundoran, Mr. Warren ” —Thompson (sub Eissoa Marveyi). Turbot
Bank, Mr. Waller— Hyndman. Mr. Thompson named it It. Sarveyi in
honour of Dr. W. H. Harvey, who discovered the first British examples, in
Co. Clare ; Dr. Harvey had previously named it Cingula sculpta. Both these
proved to be subsequent to Philippi’s name of U. excavata.

Odostomia scalaris, Philippi.

Found in Turhot Bank sand hy Mr. Jeffreys -Hyndman (Chemnitzia
scalaris ). Dickie records it from Strangford Lough, but from a remark in
Jeffreys’ work, it would appear that it was the following variety which he
obtained there.

var. rufescens. Bare, off Groomsport (Waller) ; and dredged on the Turbot

of the North of Ireland. 95

Bank— Hyndman {sub Chemnitzia rufescens). “ Lough Strangford (Dickie) ”
— Jeffreys.

Odostomia rufa, Philippi.

var. fulvoclncta. Turbot Bank, rare ; determined by Mr. Alder — Hyndman
{Chemnitzia fulvocincta). Bundoran— Belf. Mus. Coll. The Chemnitzia
rufa of Hyndman’ s 1858 Report, in Jeffreys’ list of Turbot Bank shells, in
all probability belongs to the variety ; the typical form is exclusively
southern, while the variety has a northern distribution.

Odostomia lactea, Linne.

Not uncommon— Thompson. Dredged frequently around the Turbot Bank
by Hyndman, and in Strangford Lough and the. open channel adjacent by
Dickie (all sub Chemnitzia eleg antissima) . Twin Islands in Belfast Harbour—
Mr. Swanston. Bundoran — Belf. Mus. Coll. It is a common but beautiful
species, inhabiting the laminarian zone.

Odostomia Scillee, Scacchi.

Both Waller and Hyndman dredged this shell on the Turbot Bank ( Euli -
mella Scillce). Jeffreys, referring to this station, says “ perhaps from a post-
glacial deposit.” Specimens from the Turbot Bank are in the Belfast Museum,
and look quite as recent as the majority of the shells from that vicinity.

Odostomia acicula, Philippi.

Found in Turbot Bank sand by Mr. Jeffreys — Hyndman (sub Eulimella

acicula). The collection in the Belfast Museum contains specimens from that

locality.

var. ventrieosa. Turbot Bank, Mr. Waller — Hyndman {subPulimella affinis).

var. olbeliscus. “ Dredged by Mr. Waller on the north-east coast of Ireland ”
— Jeffreys. Possibly this and the previous note refer to the same specimens.

Odostomia nitidissima, Montagu.

11 Specimens from Bundoran have come under my inspection ” — Thompson
{Chemnitzia nitidissima).

Xanthina rotundata, Leach.

This beautiful oceanic species, popularly known as the “blue snail,” is
occasionally wafted to our shores by the western winds, during the autumn
months. Thompson mentions having obtained a few shells, still containing
the animal, on the beach at Groomsport in Co. Down, in the year 1836 {sub
I. communis ), but it is very rarely that it is found so far south in the channel.
On the north coast of Antrim, and on the coast of Derry, it is of more fre-
quent occurrence, and is occasionally washed in in quantity. I am informed
that after October gales the strand at Bush-foot is sometimes thickly strewn
with it. Portrush, occasionally — Miss Richardson, and R.L1.P.

Eulima polita, Linne.

About the entrance of Belfast Bay (Ordnance Survey Collectors and Mr.
Hyndman), and in Strangford Lough (Mr. Hyndman and W. T.), bottom

9 6

Praeger—The Marine Shells

pure sand in each case -Thompson. Hyndman records dead shells only,
which appear to he of frequent occurrence in the neighbourhood of t e
Turbot Bant. Dickie dredged a few living examples off the entrance to
Strangford Lough, in 12-15 fathoms, and dead specimens inside the loug .
Off Bangor, in 8 fathoms, living— Mr. Swanston.

Uulima disforta, Deshayes.

Bundoran, Mrs. Hancock-Thompson. Dead shells are not unfrequent on
the Turbot Bank, according to Hyndman.
mr. graeills. Dredged by Hyndman on the Turbot Bank, and by Dickie in
12-15 fathoms outside Strangford Lough.

rsulima suoulata, Donovan.

Stated by Thompson to have been obtained at Bundoran, Co. Donegal, and
Dundrum, Co. Down, but there is no doubt that E. bihneata is the species

intended.]

Sulima Mlineata, Alder.

“ Dredged from a sandy bottom, 8-10 fathoms, off Dundrum, Co. Down,
Mr. Hyndman and W.T. ; a specimen at Bundoran, Mr. Warren -Tbomp-
son (sub E. subulate). Dead shells are common on the Turbot Bank Hyn •
man. Living, very rare, in 7-20 fathoms, in Strangford Lough, and dead m
the channel adjoining —Dickie.

Watica Islandica, Ginelin.

Dead; a single young specimen by Mr. Jeffreys "-Hyndman 1859
Report (sub N. helicoides). The locality is not given, but was probably the
Turbot Bank. This specimen may have been a quaternary fossil. It is
northern species, which in Britain is taken chiefly on the northeast coaste,
though it has been found at Cork. It is widely distributed m post-glacial

beds.

[M, Groenlandica, BecTc. . . , ^ ,, ,

A shell from the Turbot Bank is in Thompson’s collection m the Belfast
Museum. Any specimens occurring there are not recent, hut relics o t e
glacial epoch; Jeffreys records it also as dredged on ‘he Turbot Bauk and
enters it as a fossil. Its present habitat in Britain is limited to rather deep
water off the northeast coasts of England and Scotland.]

^^Stongford Lough and the channel adjoining are the only localities ^ m
which this species has been obtained in the North of Ireland. eie ic ie
dredged it on several occasions, but only in a dead state, m depths varying
from 10 to 25 fathoms; specimens from the same locality are m Thompson s
collection in the Belfast Museum.

Watica catena, Da Costa. -Fc+hrms

One of our commoner shells, living chiefly in sandy bays at a few fathoms
depth. “ Living, common, 6-8 fathoms, from Bangor to Donaghauee -Mr.
S A.' Stewart. Thrown up alive, and of large size, on MagilUgan Stran ,

of the North of Ireland.

97

Co. Deny — E. LI. P. Dead shells were dredged in some abundance around
Belfast and Strangford Loughs by ILyndman and Dickie, in from 15 to 30
fathoms (JV. moniliferci) .

OTatica Alders, Forbes.

This very pretty shell is common, living at nearly all depths (4 to 90
fathoms) throughout the waters dredged by ILyndman and Dickie (/V. nitida),
and thrown up on sandy beaches throughout the province.

OTatiea Montaeuti, Forbes.

Thompson records a living specimen dredged in Belfast Bay. Hyndman
took it alive off Larne, at different depths up to 90 fathoms, and dredged dead
shells in abundance around the entrance to Belfast Lough, in 15 to SO
fathoms ( sub N. Montagui). It did not occur in any of Dickie’s dredgings.

[Katica clausa, Broderip $ Sowerby.

Dredged by Hyndman and Jeffreys on the Turbot Bank. It is a glacial
fossil, and now inhabits the circumpolar seas alone.J

AdeorMs subearinatus, Montagu.

Dredged up from the Turbot Bank by Hyndman, in a dead state, on several
occasions ; it is a southern shell, and has not been found elsewhere in our
district.

Ziamellaria perspieua, Linne.

“ Generally distributed ” — Thompson (Sigaretus perspicuus) . Bare, living-
on Laminaria, and dredged alive in the unusual depth of 80 fathoms north of
the Maidens, and dead in 15-25 fathoms off Ballygalley Head — Hyndman.
Very rare, dead, in 15-25 fathoms off the entrance to Strangford Lough —
Dickie. Sigaretus tentaculatus, recorded by Thompson as dredged by Mr.
Hyndman and himself in Strangford Lough, is the male of the present
species ; the typical form is the female.

Velutina Isevig-ata, Fennant.

A species of frequent occurrence, living on hard ground at all depths.
Hyndman took it alive in 12 to 20 fathoms off Belfast Lough, and in 70-90
fathoms near the Maidens ; and in a dead state on the Turbot Bank. Dead,
rare, in 6 to 8 fathoms, off Bangor — Mr. S. A. Stewart. It did not occur in
Dickie’s dredgings, probably owing to the muddy nature of the bottom in
Strangford Lough. Thrown up by the tide at Newcastle, Portrush, and
Magilligan — B . LI. P.

var. Candida. Jeffreys found this white variety on the coast of Antrim.

Tricbotropsis borealis, Broderip $ Sowerby.

In Hyndman’s Beports for 1857 and 1858, this species is noted as occur-
ring in a dead state in almost every haul of the dredge made around the
entrance to Belfast Lough, and on the Turbot Bank especially ; in the 1859
Beport he records having obtained it alive in the latter place. Dead shells
also occurred to him in the deepest water at the Maidens. Dickie dredged a

98

praeger—lhe Marine Shells

single dead specimen in 12-15 fathoms off the entrance to Strangford Lough.

Aporrbais pes-pelecani, Linne.

A well-known and common species, locally called “leg-of-mutton she .

It lives in about 10 to 25 fathoms, hut is sometimes taken at both less and
greater depths.

[Cerithium metula, Lov&n. __

In dredged sand from the Turbot Bank— Hyndman, l8o9 Report.
Erroneously recorded from the same vicinity in the 1857 Report ; Cerithiopsis
pulchella was the species intended. It is a northern form, and its only
British station is the Shetland fishing-hanks, where it fives in 45-96 fathoms
(Jeffreys) ; the Turbot Bank specimens are manifestly fossil.]

Cerithium retieulatum, Da Costa.

Very common, living between tide -marks and to a few fathoms depth,
everywhere. In a dead state it is common on the Turbot Bank.

Cerithium perversum, Linne.

“In shell sand, mouth of Belfast Bay, Mr. Hyndman ’’-Thompson (sub
Triphoris adversus). Not uncommon in Turbot Bank sand— Hyndman ;
very rare, in 12-15 fathoms, off the entrance to Strangford Lough— Dickie
(sub C. adversum) ; in all instances dead. Specimens labelled “Bundoran”
are in the Belfast Museum Collection.

ORDER SIPHONOBRANCHIATA.

Cerithiopsis tubereularis, Montagu.

“Sandy beach at Magilfigan ; and in stomach of Scaup duck shot in
Belfast Bay ’’—Thompson (sub Cerithium tuberculare). Hyndman several
times dredged dead shells on the Turbot Bank.

Ceritliiopsis pulchella, Jeffreys.

Found by Mr. Waller in Turbot Bank sand— Hyndman. It is a rare
species.

[Ceritliiopsis costulata, Moller.

Another of the Turbot Bank fossils ; it was dredged there by Waller and
Hyndman (sub STcenea costulata and Cerithium niveum) and specimens from
thence are in the Belfast Museum. It inhabits the northern seas, and Shet-
land appears to be its most southern station.]

Purpura lapillus, Linne.

Very common, on rocks and stones, between tide-marks. Locally caned
“ white wilk,” or “ dog wilk.” Dead shells occur on the Turbot Bank.

Buccinum undatum, Linne.

The eommon whelk, or ‘ 1 buckie,

as it is locally called, is abundant

of the North of Ireland. 99

on all kinds of ground and at all depths, from half-tide down to 100 fathoms,
the limit of the British fauna.

var. littoralis. Carrickfergus — Belf. Mus. Coll. It is probably common.

var. striata. Living in 60 fathoms about 6 miles from the Maidens — Hynd-
man.

[Buccimim cyaneum,

“ fragment only, considered by Mr. Jeffreys to he this species, in Turbot
Bank sand, Mr. Waller” — Hyndman, 1858 Report. I have failed to trace
this species to a modern synonym ; it is probably some glacial fossil.]

IVXurex erinaceus, Linne.

Of general occurrence ” — Thompson ( Triton erinaceus). Jeffreys, after
giving a list of British stations, remarks “all the specimens procured from
the northern coasts were dead and this remark applies to our province, for,
though it is of frequent occurrence on the shore, and in depths up to 30
fathoms, I find no note of its having been taken alive.*

Troplion murieatus, Montagu.

Hyndman dredged it alive on the Cod Bank off Larne (20 fathoms), and
also in 25 fathoms off Black Head, hut very sparingly ; and took it rather
commonly in a dead state off Donaghadee, and on the Turbot Bank, and in
70-100 fathoms near the Maidens. From Dickie’s Report, dead shells appear
to he distributed throughout Strangford Lough and the channel adjacent.
J effreys queries these and other northern records, and considers that they are
probably referable to T. Barvicensis. The present species has its head-
quarters in Lusitanian and Mediterranean waters, and does not range north of
Britain.

Troplion Barvicensis, Johnston.

Hyndman obtained it living with the last in the two stations mentioned,
and dead in 8-10 fathoms in Belfast Lough, and on the Turbot Bank.
Dickie dredged a few dead specimens in 12-15 fathoms outside Strangford
Lough. This is a northern form, ranging to the arctic seas, and not found
south of Britain.

Troplion truncatus, Strom.

“On all parts of the Irish coast ” — Thompson ( sub Fusus Bamffius). Liv-
ing in from 6 to 25 fathoms around Belfast Lough, and in much deeper water
(70-90 fathoms) off the Maidens, and common in a dead state in from 12 to
100 fathoms — Hyndman. Very rare, dead, in Strangford Lough and the
channel adjoining— Dickie. (Both sub T. clathratus.)

[Fusus scalariformis, recorded by Hyndman as found in Turbot Bank sand
by Mr. Jeffreys, is Troplion clathratus , a characteristic fossil of all glacial and
post-glacial beds.]

[Fusus decussatus of Brown (Illust. Conch. G. B.) is said to have been
discovered by him at Killough, Co. Down. The figures and description are

* Since above went to press, the writer has dredged it alive in 3 fathoms off Roekport

Belfast Lough.

ICO

Praeger — The Marine Shells

not sufficient for identification. Jeffreys suggests that it may fiave been a
plain-coloured variety of Trophon Syracusanus, which is a rather common
Mediterranean shell.]

Fusus antiquus, Linne.

Living commonly around the coast, ranging in depth from between tide-
marks in Belfast Lough to 100 fathoms at the Maiden Bocks. Called
“ buckie ” along with Buccinum undatum. Specimens of great size from Car-
rickfergus are in the Belfast Museum Collection. A curious convoluted mon-
strosity is mentioned by Hyndman as dredged off Groomsport by Mr. Samue
Yance.

var. alba. Carrickfergus— Belf. Mus. Coll.

Fusus gracilis, J)a Costa.

Frequent, but not so generally distributed as the last. Hyndman (hedged
it alive in 60 to 90 fathoms off the Maidens (F. Islandicus). Jeffreys gives
its range as 20 to 145 fathoms, but it frequents less depths in our district, as
it has been dredged living in abundance in 6-8 fathoms off Bangor by Mr. S
A. Stewart, and is sometimes thrown ashore in quantity, with the animal
quite fresh, between Holywood and Craigavad, where the greatest depth of
water in the vicinity does not exceed 4 or 5 fathoms, and the writer has
noticed it living between tide-marks at Cultra. It did not occur to Dickie in
Strangford Lough, nor have I observed it on the Derry coast. It is F.
corneus of Thompson’s work.

Iffassa reticulata, Linne. , .

Would appear to be somewhat local. Occasionally found living about Bel-
fast Lough in 10 to 20 fathoms; dead on the Turbot Bank-Hyndman.
Living between tide-marks at Cultra-E.Ll.P. Not recorded from Strang-
ford Lough. I have dead shells from Portrush and Magilligan.

18-assa incrassata, Strom.

Abundant throughout the province, living m from 7 to 90 fathoms. A.
macula of Thompson’s work.

Tffassa pygmeea, Laniard. ■ .

Yery rare In Hyndman’s 1858 Eeport it is noted as having been taken
alive by Mr. Waller on the Turbot Bank ; in the previous Eeport it had been
recorded with doubt from the same vicinity, by Dr. Dickie, but only in a
dead state. It is a common shell in our Estuarine Clays, where X. mcmsmia
is unknown.

rX3"assa hepatica, Montagu.

Becordecl from Strangford Lough, on the authority of Turton and Brown
( Monoceros hepaticus). It is a West Indian shell.]

tC0A“ratHn*0ytdman’s Beports for 1857 and 1858 {sub Mangelia Eolbolii
and Buccinum Eolbolii) as dredged on the Turbot Bank. It is an inhabitan
of the arctic seas, and occurs in Britain only as a glacial fossil.]

IOI

of the North of Ireland.

Bsfrancia teres, Forbes.

Fragments of this shell were dredged by Hyndman on the Turbot Bank.

Befraneia Iieufroyi, Michaud.

Dead, but very fresh, in Turbot Bank sand, and a single broken example
in 40 fathoms off the Copelands— Hyndman ( Mangelia Leufroyi).

Befrancia linearis, Montagu.

“ Generally distributed ” — Thompson (Fleur otoma linearis). Frequent on
the Turbot Bank — Hyndman ; rare in Strangford Lough and the channel
adjoining— Dickie ; in all instances dead {sub Mangelia linearis).

Befrancia reticulata, Fenier.

“ A single dead specimen of this rare and beautiful shell was found by Mr.
Jeffreys in dredging from the deep water north of the Maidens. Hew to the
Insh list. It is a southern form ’’—Hyndman, 1859 Beport {sub Mangelia
reticulata). As Mangelia scabra , it is recorded in Hyndman’s 1858 Beport
as found by Mr. Jeffreys in Turbot Bank sand.

Befrancia purpurea, Montagu.

“ Of general occurrence ’’—Thompson ( Vleurotoma purpurea). “ Bare, in
shell sand”— Hyndman {Mangelia purpurea). Very rare, in 12-25 fathoms
off the entrance to Strangford Lough— Dickie. Bangor— Belf. Mus. Coll.
Shell sand on beach at Cultra — B.L1.P.

Pleurotoma striolata, {Scacchi) Fhilippi.

Turbot Bank sand— Hyndman {Mangelia striolata).

Pleurotoma attenuata, Montagu.

“General, but not abundant ’’—Thompson. “Dead, Turbot Bank sand,
Mr. Waller ’’—Hyndman {Mangelia attenuata). Very rare, dead, in 18-20
fathoms 4 to 5 miles from Strangford Bar— Dickie. Bundoran— Belf. Mus
Coll.

Pleurotoma costata, Donovan .

Dead, rare, in 10 fathoms, and not unfrequent on the Turbot Bank—
Hyndman {Mangelia costata). Dickie dredged dead shells off the entrance to
Strangford Lough, 12-15 fathoms. The variety coarctata, mentioned by
Hyndman as obtained near the Turbot Bank, is merely the northern and
larger form of the species,

Pleurotoiaa brachystoma, Fhilippi.

“ Co. Antrim (Waller) ” — Jeffreys ; this is all the information we possess
about the occurrence of this shell in the district.

Pleurotoma aetoula, Montagu.

Dead, rare, in shell sand dredged on the Turbot Bank— Hyndman {Mangelia
nebula) .

Pleurotoma septangularis, Montagu.

“Generally distributed”— Thompson. Living, rare, in 10 fathoms in

Belfast Lough, and dead on the Turbot Bank— Hyndman ; and Dickie found
a few living examples in Castle Ward Bay, Strangford Lough, 7-20 fathoms
(both sub Mangelia septangularis). Bangor — Belf. Mus. Coll.

Praegev — -The Marine Shells

t 62

Pleurotoma rufa, Montagu.

Living, rare, off Groomsport (Waller), and dead on the Turbot Bank-
Hyndman ( Mangelia rufa). Dead shells in Strangford Lough— Thompson,
Dickie, and R.L1.P.; and in the channel outside— Dickie.
var. lactea. “ A small form of this pretty variety, mostly having the upper
part of the spire tinged with purplish-brown, was procured by Mr. H} nd-
man from Port Ballantrae, Co. Antrim ’’—Jeffreys.
var. Ulideana. “Bound the Irish coasts, hut rare ’’-Thompson (sub P.
TJlideana) .

Pleurotoma turricula, Montagu. _ TJ1 ,

“Of general occurrence”— Thompson. Living in 2o fathoms off blac
Head ; dead, rare, on the Turbot Bank, and off Bally galley Head, and fre-
quent’in 5-6 fathoms in Belfast Lough -Hyndman. Dead, rare, m Strang-
ford Lough— Dickie (Mangelia turricula). Bangor— Belf. Mus. Co .

Crawfordsburn, dead— Mr. Swanston. Cultra, dead— R.L1.P.

[Pleurotoma Trevelyana, Turton. mini

Dredged in 25 and 27 fathoms in the neighbourhood of the Turbot Bank
Hyndman ( Mangelia Trevelliana). Jeffreys considers that the specimens
there obtained were glacial fossils. The species is entirely northern.]

Marg-inella laevis, Donovan.

“MagilUgan, Co. Londonderry, G. C. Hyndman "-Thompson (sub Rato
lewis).

Cypreea Europsea, Montagu.

Generally diffused throughout our waters, living m from about 0 to 20
fathoms. In a dead state it is thrown up on most sandy beaches, and was
dredged in up to 100 fathoms depth near the Maidens. The pretty and well-
known shells of this, the only British cowry, are locally called “ Johnnjg
grots,” which is a corruption of the Scotch name of “ John-o - Groat s
buckie.” Bulla diaphana, recorded by Thompson as taken in Strang or
Lough, is the young of the present species before the outer Up is formed.

TCyprsea moneta.

“Specimens of this shell have been frequently found on the shore near
Bangor Co. Down. Although not indigenous, its occurrence may be worm
noticing, as there is a tradition that a ship engaged in the slave trade was
wrecked there, and thus the cowries are accounted for” Hyndman.
the money-cowry of South Africa.]

Ovula, patula, Pennant. ,

“ A shell of this species, found some years ago on the sandy beach of
Magilligan, County of Londonderry, by Mrs. B. A. Hyndman of Dublin
is in the cabinet of Mr. Hyndman, at Belfast "-Thompson. A smgle dead
specimen dredged by Mr. Waller on the Turbot Bank-Hyndman These
are the only notes of the occurrence of this curious shell m the North of 1
land. The Magilligan specimen is in the Belfast Museum.

of the North of Ireland.

103

ORDER PL EUROBR ANCHIATA .

Cylichna acuminata, Bruguiere.

Mr. Waller obtained a single dead shell of this species on the Turbot Bank,
and Hyndman another. These are recorded in Hyndman’s Beports, under

, the name Ovula acuminata.

Cylichna umbilicata, Montagu.

Very rare ; dead shells in Turbot Bank sand — Hyndman.

Cylichna eylmdraeea, Pennant.

‘ ‘ Generally distributed” — Thompson {sub Bulla cylindracea). Dredged,
in a dead state, on the Turbot Bank, and off Ballygalley Head, by Hyndman,
and in Castle Ward Bay, Strangford Lough, by Dickie. Bundoran— Belf .
Mus. Coll.

[Cylichna striata ( Bulla striata , Brown).

“ The late Mr. Thompson of Belfast erroneously noticed this arctic species
as found at Bangor, Co. Down, by Mr. Hyndman. It inhabits the eastern
coasts of North America, Greenland, and Finmark” — Jeffreys.]

Utriculus mammillatus, Philippi.

Turbot Bank, dead, Mr. Waller — Hyndman ( Cylichna mammillata),

Utriculus truncations, Bruguiere.

u Generally distributed ” — Thompson ( Bulla truncata ). Hyndman occa-

sionally dredged dead shells on the Turbot Bank ( Cylichna truncata ;), but
does not record haying taken it elsewhere. Magilligan— Belf. Mus. Coll.
Twin Islands in Belfast Harbour — Mr. Swanston.

Utriculus obtusus, Montagu.

Generally distributed ” — Thompson ( Bulla obtusa ). Hyndman notes it
(sub Cylichna obtusa ) from the Turbot Bank several times, and from off Bally-
galley Head, in a dead state. Dead shells dredged in Strangford Lough —
Dickie, and E.L1.P. It frequents muddy estuaries chiefly.

var. liLaj onkaireaaa. “ From the Turbot Bank, dead; determined by Mr.
Jeffreys, in Mr. Hyndman’s cabinet”— Hyndman, 1859 Eeport {sub Cylichna
lajonkaireana ) .

Utriculus hyaliuus, Turton.

“Obtained in shell sand collected at Bundoran by Mrs. Hancock” —
Thompson ( sub Bulla hyalina). “Dead, in 80 fathoms, off the Maidens” —
Hyndman {sub Amphisphyra hyalina).

Acera bullata, Muller.

Generally distributed — Thompson ( sub Bulla Altera). It abounds on the
Zostera banks of Strangford, Belfast, and Larne Loughs, and in Lough
Foyle. Hyndman says he has sometimes seen it swimming in the channel
leading to the Quays at Belfast, giving out a purple liquid when touched.

104 Praeger — The Marine Shells

var. nana. “ Occurs in Lame Lough” — Jeffreys.

ilctseon tornatilis, Linne.

Generally distributed — Thompson. Dead, rare, off Bangor, and on the
Turbot Bank— Hyndman. Dead, rare, in Castle Ward Bay, Strangford
Lough— Dickie. (Sub Tornatella fasciata by all.) Groomsport— Mr.

Swanston. Dead, rare, 8-10 fathoms, Belfast Bay— Mr. S. A. Stewart.
Port Stewart— Miss Bichar dson. Frequent on the Derry coast, thrown up by
the tide, from the Bann to Magilligan Point— B.L1.P. It is a most elegant
shell. Bev. Canon Grainger informs me that at Magilligan it is locally
known as “beer-barrel.”

Bulla, utrieulus, JBroechi.

“ Living, very rare. A single specimen from Groomsport many years ago ;
none since ’ ’ — Hyndman ; and in his first list of Turbot Bank shells he notes
“ a single dead specimen each to Dr. Dickie and G. C. H.” (sub B. Cranchii ).

Scaphander lignarius, Linne.

“Generally distributed”— Thompson (sub Bulla Lignaria). “Not
uncommon, of large size, off Groomsport, living, in 6 or 8 fathoms, and in
other places ” — Hyndman; and he dredged dead shells in depths up to 100
fathoms. Living in abundance, and of large size, in 6 to 8 fathoms off
Bangor, and from thence to Crawfordsburn — Mr. Swanston, and Mr. S. A.
Stewart. Fine living examples dredged in 2 fathoms off Cultra, and it is
occasionally thrown up by the tide between Holywood and Craigavad in
quantity, with the animal fresh — B.L1.P. Jeffreys states that it usually
frequents the coral-line zone (15-50 fathoms) ; the above notes show that in
our district it inhabits shallower water. Dead shells at Portrush and
M agilligan — B . LI . P .

var. alba. Bangor— Belf. Mus. Coll.

Philine scabra, Muller.

«Has been found at Bundoran (Co. Donegal), by Mrs. Hancock”—
Thompson (sub Bulla peetinata) . Bare, dead, on the Turbot Bank Hyndman.

PSiiline catena, Montagu.

< ‘ Bundoran, Co. Donegal (J.G.J.) ’’-Jeffreys. Specimens from the same
station are in Thompson’s collection in the Belfast Museum.

Piiilme angulata, Jeffreys.

“Lame, Co. Antrim (J.G.J.) Jeffreys.

Pbiline quadrata, Searles Wood.

“ Dead, in 80 fathoms off the Maidens” — Hyndman, 1859 Beport.

PSiiline punctata, Clark.

Bundoran in Co. Donegal, where it has been obtained by Airs. Hancock
(fide Thompson, sub Bullcea punctata), and J effreys.

Pliiline aperta, Linne.

« Generally distributed ’’—Thompson (Jlullaa aperta). A rather common
species, living in sand and mud at a few fathoms depth. “ Living, common,

of the North of Ireland. 105

6-8 fathoms off Bangor” — Mr. S. A. Stewart. Of large size on the Holy-
wood Banks —Mr. Swanston. Dead shells on Magilligan strand— R. Ll.P.

Aplysia punctata, Cuvier.

Living, rather scarce, in 8 or 10 fathoms, off Bangor and Groomsport,
and in Castle Chichester Bay ’’—Hyndman (sub A. hybrida). A. nexa of
Thompson is the young of this species.

Pleurobranclms membranaceus, Montagu.

“ Living, scarce, off Groomsport, in 6 or 8 fathoms, and in other places
Hyndman.

X 1ST 3D IEj 2C-

Names of shells which are not admitted as native, owing to their being “P0^0”9’
mistakes, or fossils, or which appear in the foregoing list only as synonyms, are
printed, in the case of genera, in parenthesis, and in the case of species, in italics.

Acera

bullata
var. nana
(Acirsa)
borealis
Aclis
ascaris
G-ulsonae

var. tenuicula
supranitida
unica
(Acmaea)
testudinalis
virginea
Aetseon _
tornatilis
AdeorMs
subcarinatus
(AmpUidesma)
Boysii
intermedia
prismatiea
(Ampliispliyra)
hyalina
(Anatina)

103

104

92

92

92

92

92

92

82

82

104

97

75

75

75

103

77

punctata

Aporrbais

pes-pelecani
Area
barb at a
lactea
tetragona
Argiope
capsula
cistellula
(Artemis)
exoleta
lincta
undata
Astarte
compressa
Banmoniensis
Scotica
sulcata

var. elliptica
var. Scotica
triangularis
Axinus
flexuosus

Anemia

aculeata
cylindrica
epbippium _
patelliformis
var. striata
squamula
striata
undulata
Aplysia
hybrida
nexa

61 Barleeia

61 rubra

61 (Brochus)

62 annulatus

62 leevis

61 reticulatus

62 Buccinum

Q2 cyaneum

JTolbolii
105 undatum

105 var. littoralis

105

98

66

66

66

61

61

70

70

72

69

69

69

69

69

69

70

67

90

91
91
91

99

100

98

99

var. striata
Bulla

Akera

Cranchii

cylindracea

diaphana

hyalina

Lignaria

obtusa

pectinata

striata

truncata

utriculus

(Bullsea)

aperta

punctata

99

103

104
103
102

103

104

103

104
103

103

104

104

104

Capulus

Hungaricus

JJngaricus

Cardium

echinatum

edule

var. fasciatum
elongatum
exiguum
fasciatum
laevigatum
Loveni
minimum
nodosum
Norvegicum
pygmeeum
Suecieum

83

83

68

68

68

68

68

68

69

68

68

68

68

68

68

Index. 107

Ceratisolen

legumen

76

Cerithiopsis

costulata

98

pulchella

98

tubercularis

98

Ceritliium

adversum

98

metula

98

niveurn

98

reticulatum

98

perversum

98

tuberculare

98

(Chama)

cor

69

(Chemnitzia)

elegantissima

95

fulvocincta

95

glabra

92

indistincta

94

interstincta

94

nitidissima

95

rufa

95

rufescens

95

scalaris

94

imica

92

Chiton

albus, Linne

80

albus , Mont.

80

asellus

80

cancellatus

80

cinereus

80

fascicularis

80

var. gracilis

80

fuscatus

81

Hanleyi

80

Icevigatus

81

lseyis

81

marginatus

81

marmoreus

81

ruber

81

(Cingula)

sculpta

94

Circe

minima

70

(Cochlodesma)

prcetenue

77

Caecum

glabrum

91

trachea

91

(Columbella)

Rolbolii

100

Corbula

gibba

78

striata

78

Crania

anomala

61

j personata

61

Crenella

decussata

65

discors

65

marmorata

64

rbombea

65

Cyamium

mmutum

67

Cyclostrema

mtens

84

serpuloides

84

Cylichna

acuminata

103

cylindracea

103

LajonJcaireana

103

mammillata

103

obtusa

103

striata

103

truncala

103

umbilicata

103

Cypraea

Europsea

102

moneta

102

Cyprina

Islandica

69

minima

70

(Cytherea)

ovata

71

Defrancia

Leufroyi

101

linearis

101

purpurea

101

reticulata

101

teres

101

Sentalium

entalis

80

Donaz

anatinus

74

denticulatus

74

truncatus

73

vittatus

73

Emarginula

crassa

83

fissura

83

var. elata

83

reticulata

83

rosea

83

(Erato)

laevis

102

Euliraa

bilineata

96

distorta

96

var. gracilis

96

polita

95

subulata

96

(Eulimella)

acicula

95

affinis

95

Sc illce,

95

(Euomphalus)

nitidissimus

90

Fissurella

Grseca

83

reticulata

83

Fusus

antiquus

100

var. alba

100

Bamjjius

99

corneus

100

decussatus

99

gracilis

100

Islandicus

100

scalariformis

99

(©oodalia)

triangularis

70

(Haliotis)

tuberculata

83

Heleion

pellucidum

81

var. lsevis

82

Homalog'yra

atomus

90

rota

91

Hydrobia

ulvse

90

lanthina

communis

95

rotundata

95

Zsocardia

cor

69

Jeffreysia

diaphana 90

Gulsonce 92

Xellia

rubra

67

suborbicularis

67

Lacuna

canalis

86

crassior

86

divaricata

86

pallidula

87

puteolus

87

var. conica

S7

quadrifasciata

S7

vincta

86, 87

io8

Index ?

2«amellaria

perspicua

97

I«ass8a

rubra

67

Xieda

caudata

65

minuta

65

pygmsea

65

Saepton

uitidum

66

Xsima

fray ills

63

Mans

63

Loscombii

63

tenera

63

subauriculata

63

Iiittoriua

communis

87

dispar

90

jugosa

87

litorea

87

var. turrita

87

littoralis

87

Neritoides, Forbes

87

neritoides, Linne

87

obtusata

87

var. fabalis

87

var. neritiformis

87

patula

87

petrcea

87

rudis

87

var. jugosa

87

var. patula

87

var. saxatilis

87

var. tenebrosa

87

saxatilis

87

tenebrosa

87

2*oripes

lacteus

67

(XiOttia)

testudinalis

82

virginea

82

Xmcina

borealis

67

Jlexuosa

67

leucoma

67

radula

67

spinifera

67

Xaucmopsis

undata

72

Xiutraria

compressa

75

elliptica

75

Mans

75

oblonga

75

vulgaris

75

Iiyonsia

Norvegica

77

Maetra

elliptica

74

solida

74

var. elliptica

74

var. truncata

74

stultorum

74

var. cinerea

74

subtruncata

74

var. insequivalvis

74

(Mangelia)

attenuata

iOI

costata

101

Holbolii

100

Leufroyi

101

linearis

101

nebula

102

purpurea

101

reticulata

101

rufa

102

scabra

101

septangularis

101

striolata

101

Trevelliana

102

turricula

102

(Margarita)

cinerea

84

communis

84

costulata

84

pusilla

84

undulata

84

vulgaris

84

Marginella

lsevis

102

(Modiola)

65

discrepans

marmorata

64

modiolus

64

phaseolina

64

tulipa

64

Modiolaria

costulata

65

discors

65

marmorata

64

(Monoceros)

hepaticus

100

(Monodonta)

crassa

85

Montacuta

bidentata

66

ferruginosa

66

ovata

66

purpurea

67

substriata

66

Mures

erinaceus

99

Mya

arenana

10

Bingbami

78

truncata

78

var. abbreviata

78

Mytilus

Adriaticus

edulis

64

var. incur vata

64

var. pellucida

64

modiolus

64

var. ovata

64

pellucidus

64

phaseolinus

64

OTassa

hepatica

100

incrassata

100

macula

100

pygmsea

100

reticulata

100

Bfatica

Alderi

97

catena

96

clausa

97

Grcenlandica

96

helicoides

96

Islandica

96

monilifera

97

Montacuti

97

Montagui

97

nitida

97

sordida

96

TTucula

margaritacea

65

minuta

65

nitida

65

nucleus

65

var. radiata

65

tenuis

65

Odostomia

acicula

95

var. obeliscus

96

var. ventricosa

95

acuta

93

alba

93

conspicua

93

cylindrica

92

decussata

94

dubia

93

eulimoides

93

excavata

94

indistincta

94

insculpta

94

interstincta

94

lactea

95

Lukisi

93

Index.

nitida

93

nitidissima

95

nivosa

92

obliqua

94

var. Warrenii

94

pallida

93

plicata

93

rissoides

93

var. alba

93

var. dubia

93

var. nitida

93

rufa

95

var. fulvocincta

95

scalaris

94

var. rufescens

94

Scillse

95

spiralis

94

truncatula

93

turrita

93

unidentata

93

var. turrita

93

W arreni

94

Ostrea

edulis

62

Ovuia

acuminata

103

patula

103

Pandora

msequivalvis

77

var. obtusa

77

obtusa

77

Patella

ancycloides

82

athletica

81

Clealandi

82

pellucida

81

vulgata

81

var. depressa

81

Pecten

Danicus

62

furtivus

62

Icevis

62

maxinms

63

obsoletus

62

opercularis

62

var. lineata

62

pusio

62

septemradiatus

62

similis

63

sinuosus

62

striatns

63

Teste

62

tigrinus

62

varius

62

Penlunculiis

glycymeris

65

pilosus

66

PSiasianella

pulla

86

PMline

angulata

104

aperta

104

catena

104

punctata

104

quadrata

1.04

scabra

104

Plaoladidea

papyracea

79

var. aborta

79

Plaolas

Candida

79

crispata

79

dactylus

78

papyracea

- 79

parya

79

striata

79

(Pileopsis)

Hungaricus

83

(Pilidium)

fulvum

82

Pinna

fragilis

64

ingens

63, 64

pectinata

63

rudis

63

Pleuroferanchus

membranaceus

105

Pleurotoma

attenuata

101

bracbystoma

101

costata

101

var. coarctata

101

linearis

101

nebula

101

purpurea

101

rufa

102

var. lactea

102

var. Ulideana

102

septangularis

101

striolata

101

Trevelyana

102

turricula

102

Ulideana

102

Propilidmm

ancycloides

82

PsammoMa

costulata

73

Ferroensis

73

tellinella

73

vespertina

73

(Pullastra)

decussata

72

perforans

72

109

virginea

71

vulgaris

71

Puneturella

Noacbdna

82

Purpura

lapillus

98

I&issoa

albella, Alder

90

albella, Loven

89

var. Sarsii

89

Beanii

88

Bryerea

90

calathrus

88

cancellata

88

cimicoides

88

cingilla

90

cingillus

90

var. rupestris

90

costata

88

crenulata

88

dispar

90

excavata

94

fulgida

89

Harveyi

94

inconspicua

89

interrupt a

89

labiosa

89

membranacea

89

parya

88

var. interrupta

89

proxima

89

punctura

88

reticulata

88

rubra

90

rufilabrum

89

semistriata

90

var. alba

90

var. pura

90

soluta

89

striata

89

striatula

88

ulvce

90

violacea

89

vitrea

89

Warrenii

94

Zetlandica

88

(Rissoina)

Bryerea

90

Saxieava

arctica

7S

rugosa

78

var. arctica

78

no

Index.

Sealaria

communis
elathratula
clathrus
Eschrichti
Trevelyana
Turtonse
Scaphander
lignarius
var. alba
Scissurella
crispata

Serobicularia

alba

var. curta
nitida
piperata
prismatica
tenuis

(Sigaretus)

perspicuus

tentaculatus

Skeaea

costulata

depressa

divisa

nitidissima

planorbis

var. trocbiformis
rota

Solecurtus

antiquatus

candidus

coarctatus

Bolen

antiquatus

ensis

legumen

marginatus

pellucidus

siliqua

vagina

(Sphoenia)

Binghami

(Syadosmya)

alba

intermedia

prismatica

Tapes

aureus

decussatus

pullastra

var. oblonga
var. perforans
virgineus

91

92

91

92
92
91

104

104

84

75

75

75

75

75

75

97

97

98

90
84

91
90

90

91

76
76
76

76

76

76

76

76

76

78

75

75

75

var. elongata

71

papillosus

86

var. Sarniensis

71

pusillus

84

Tectura

82

striatus

85

fulva

tumidus

84

testudinalis

82

umbilicatus

85

virginea

82

undulatus

84

Tellina

72

zizyphinus

86

Balthica

var. elata

86

crassa

72

var. Lyonsii

86

donacina

73

Troplion'

99

fabula

72

Barvicensis

incarnata

73

clathratus

99

pusilla

73

muricatus

99

pygmoca

73

Syracusanus

100

solidula

72

truncatus

99

squalida

tenuis

73

Truncatella

91

72

Montagui

Terei>ratula

61

truncatula

91

aurita

(Turbo)

90

capsula

61

dispar

caput-serpentis

61

subtruncata

91

(Teredo)

JS’orvegica

79

Turritella

Hibernica

92

Thracia

77

terebra

91

convexa

(Turtonia)

declivis

distorta

papyracea

var. villosiuscula

77

78
77
77

minuta

67

71

72

71

72
72
71

phaseolina

prsetenuis

pubescens

villosiuscula

(Tornatella)

fasciata

Tricliotropsis

borealis

(Triptioris)

adversus

(Triton)

erinaceus

Troelms

cinerareus

cinereus

Clelandi

Duminyi

exasperatus

exiguus

granulatus

Groenlandicus

helicinus

var. fasciata
lineatus
littoralis
magus
Montacuti
Montag ui
millegranus

77

77

77

77

104

97

98

99

85

84

86

85
85

85

86
84
84

84

85
85

84

85

85

86

Utriculus

hyalinus
mammilatus
obtusus

103

103

103

var. Lajonkaireana 103

truncatulus

Velutina

laevigata

var. Candida
Venerupis

Irus

Venus

aurea

cancellata

Casina

exoleta

fasciata

gallina

lincta

oznea

ovata

Bennantii

Sarniensis

striatula

striolata

verrucosa

103

97

97

78

74

71

70

70

70

71

70

71
71
71
71
71
71
71

18 JIM 90

10 JUL.9S

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

Qj&ffaetf Qtafurato0+ jftefb CfuB*

APPENDICES, VOL. II, No. 4.
1893-4

i*ML Sen JL i

LEPIDOPTERA

TAKEN IN THE BELFAST DISTRICT.

By CHARLES W. WATTS, F.I.C.

LEPIDOPTERA

TAKEN IN THE BELFAST DISTRICT.
By Charles W. Watts, F.I.C.

INTRODUCTION.

[Read 20th February ,

The entomologist living in Belfast has within his reach many
places where he can capture his game. For short excursions,
the range of hills from the Knockagh to the White Mountain
is probably the best ground, including, as it does, wooded glens
such as Collin Glen, the chalky slopes of the eastern faces, and
the moorland and bogs of the higher parts of the hills. Each
of these has its characteristic flora, and, feeding on the plants,
we may expect an insect-fauna to correspond.

Nearer home than the hills are productive spots like the
marshes by the Lagan, and the Bog Meadows, and the lanes and
hedgerows produce plenty of common insects, besides some
better species among the Micro-lepidoptera.

Further afield, but still within a day’s excursion, are Island-
magee and the coast just north of Larne, and on the Co. Down
side, the shore and the numerous plantations, especially the
woods about Helen’s Tower.

Inland in both counties we cannot expect great results. The
country is more or less cultivated, and on such ground only the
commonest species occur, but these sometimes swarm in par-
ticular places.

Of the more distant localities within the district the Mourne
Mountains are undoubtedly the best, and after them, the Glens
of Antrim, particularly Glenarm, and the sandhills of Portrush,

1X6 [Appendix B.N.F.C.,

Ballycastle, and Dundrum. I have no experience of the Antrim
hills north of Larne, but they are so similar to the Belfast hills
that their fauna is probably very much the same.

I will now proceed to describe some of these localities more
particularly, and mention some of the insects that occur in each.

It will, of course, be understood that I do not imply that these
are the only, or the best places for collecting, but that they are
the places with which I happen to be familiar, either because
they were convenient to the part of the town where I lived, or
because they were favourite places for holiday-making.

About a quarter of a mile north of the second lock on the
Lagan there are some low-lying marshy fields. To the N. and
E. the ground rises pretty steeply, and in the N.E. corner is a
pond. Along the side of the slope is a disused water-course,
which formerly, I believe, supplied the town. It is now filled
with water-plants, Spargantum , Ins, and various reeds and
grasses. When in flower in June and July these reeds attract
numbers of Noctuce , the larvae of which feed on the leaves in the
autumn and spring. The most abundant species are Leucania
p aliens, impura, comma and lithargyria ; Tapinostola fulva,
Noctua umbrosa , baja, c-nigrum, j estiva, rubi, and xantho-
grapha , Apamea leucostigma and didyma , the last in great
numbers and infinite variety of colour and markings.

Earlier in the season several species of the genus T xniocampa
may be found feeding at the blossom of the willow at night.
Flying over nettles and flowers in the summer, we may net
Plusia pulchrina, chrysitis and festucce , Dianthcecia nana and
capsincola, whose larvae feed in the seed capsules of Silene and
Lychnis. To capture these Noctuce in the summer months, the
collector must keep late hours, for they do not settle down to
feed till it is really dark, and in these latitudes that is not before
half-past ten. From this time until midnight they can be taken
off grass and reed flowers by the simple process of enclosing
them in a chip-box after examining by the light of a lantern to
see whether they are worth taking. They seldom attempt to
fly ; at the most, they sometimes drop to the ground or into

I«93-94.]

117

the water, as the case may be, for the grasses actually growing
in the old water-course are by far the most attractive. The
collector must be prepared to get his feet wet, or lose most of his
moths. The only scarce Geometer that occurs in the marshes is
Phibalapteryx vittata. The larva of this moth feeds on Galium
palustre , and the moth is extremely abundant in June, both in
these marshes and in the Bog Meadows. It is usually a scarce
species in Ireland, so that it may fairly be claimed as a local
speciality.

Along the rough hedge at the top of the hill we may capture
a number of species, mostly common, but Emmelesia decolorata
is a good thing, which is abundant here. Only the commonest
butterflies can be expected in such a locality, and it is hardly
worth visiting in the day-time, except for Micro-lepidoptera, of
which a number of common species occur. On the banks of
the river I have found the curious larva of the Choerocampa
elpenor (Elephant Hawk) feeding on Epilobium hirsutum , and
the larva of Smerinthus populi is common on the willows.
Epione apiciaria also feeds on the willows along the river, and
the moth, which is scarce in Ireland, may be netted while flying
at dusk in August. Cataclysta lemnata feeds on Lemna in the
pond and ditches, and Hydrocampa stagnata on Potamogeton
m the pond. Several species of the genus Scopula are common,
and a number of Tortrices and Tinece , but nothing rare has
turned up here. Altogether, I have taken 103 species of butter-
flies and the large moths in this one field, besides Micro-
lepidoptera.

Collin Glen is one of the best collecting grounds in the
immediate neighbourhood of Belfast. It is at its best in May
and June. Later in the year the vegetation gets so rank that
it is difficult to collect in the upper glen, which is the best part.
The fauna of the upper and lower glens differs considerably, as
might be expected from the different character of the ground.
In the lower glen the trees are larger and the ground more
open, but on the whole the results of collecting, either by day
or night, are disappointing. I have tried here the well-known

n8

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

method of spreading what is called “sugar” on the trees to
attract Noctuce, but it has never proved a success. Indeed, the
same may be said of every place that I have tried, except the
Donard demesne at Newcastle. The cause is probably the
dampness of the majority of the otherwise suitable localities,
including most of the wooded glens in the district. Two of the
less universal butterflies occur here, namely, Par urge egena
(Wood Argus) and Epinephele hyberanthus (Ringlet), the
former being very common. Euchloe cardamines (Orange-tip)
is also common in the glen, and still more so on the mountain
just above, where I have taken specimens of a dwarf race.
Macro gloss a bombylijormis is common at the top of the glen ;
the larva feeds on Scabiosa succisa , and the moth is fond of the
flowers of Pedicular is. Of the Bombyces , Spilosoma fuliginosa
is common, also Lophopteryx camelina and Thyatira derasa and
batis. The Noctuce include Miana arcuosa , Grammesia tn-
grammica , Dianthoecia nana , and Plusia bulchrina. and of the
Geometrae , which are more abundant, the commonest are
Metrocampa margaritaria (Light Emerald), Selenia bi lunar la,
Odontopera bidentata , Cabera pusaria and exanthemana,
which fly in swarms about dusk, Strenia clathrata, Eupithecia
lariciata among the larches in the higher parts, Hypsipetes
impluviata among alder, Melanthia bicolor ata and ocellata ,
Anticlea badiata and nigrofasciaria and. Cidana silaceata, o
which the larva feeds on the enchanter’s nightshade.

We are on very different ground when we come to explore
the hills, and we meet with an entirely different insect fauna.
Species which are universal on the lower ground are entirely
absent on the heather, and naturally the heath-feeding species
do not occur away from the food-plant. Besides the heat
species there are several which feed on Vaccinium, on various
low plants, on ferns and grasses, and on Salix repens. The last
is comparatively scarce on most parts ol the Belfast hills, so
that the fauna is poorer than it would be if this favourite food-
plant were more abundant. On the steep eastern face of the
hills many plants grow which are not to be found off the Chalk,

1893-94]

XI9

and this peculiar flora results in a peculiar fauna, many species,
particularly among the micros, occurring here, and nowhere else
in the district except on similar ground along the Antrim
coast.

There are no butterflies peculiar to the hills, but Lycoena
icarus (Common Blue) and Polyommatus phloeas (Copper) are
common on the Chalk. Coznonympha pamphilus is to be found
all over the hills, and Euchloe cardamines wherever Cardamine
pratensis grows.

Of Sphinges , Macroglossa bombyliformis is common, and
Zygoena filipendulce on the east of Black Hill.

Of the Bombyces, Nemeobhila plantaginis is rather scarce, but
Saturnia pavonia (Emperor) is common. The larvae of this
moth, and of Bombyx rubi are to be found feeding on heath in
the autumn, and the curious cocoon of the Emperor is a
familiar object in winter.

Several good Noctuce occur, and Celcena Haworthii, Stilbia
anomala , Noctua glareosa and f estiva, Agrotis strigula , and
Hadena glauca and adusta are all fairly common. Some good
varieties of commoner species also occur on the higher ground,
Triph(2na comes and Noctua xanthographa being especially
remarkable. Of the Geometrce may be mentioned Ematur^a
atomaria , Oparabia Jiligrammaria , Larentia ccesiata and
salicata , Eupithecia satyr at a, var. callunaria , E. nanata ,
Phibalaptervx lapidata in marshy places, Cidaria populata , C.
testata , and Anaitis plagiata among Hypericum on the east side
of Black Mountain.

Two species of Plume moths are common on Black Hill, viz.,
Mimesioptilus bipunctidactylus and pterodactylus , and last
autumn I took a specimen of the very rare Platyptilia isodactyla
on marshy ground between Divis and Black Hill, where its
food-plant grows abundantly.

A number of characteristic Tortrices occur, principally
among heather. Of these the following are worth mention : —
Tortrix viburnana , 7. palleana , Peronea caledoniana , Mixodia
Schulziana , Catopiria hypericana , Eupcecilia ciliella , Argyro -
lepia Hartmanniana and Xanthoseiia zcegana.

120

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

The Knockagh near Carrickfergus is of a similar character,
but there are several insects to be found there which do not
seem to occur either on the Belfast hills or on Islandmagee.
Lycozna minima (Little Blue) occurs about the top of the cliff,
this being also the favourite ground for several good species,
such as Melanippe tristata, Nemeophilia plantaginis, Ennychia
cingulata, Oxyptilus parvtdactylus , and Scopana ingratella)
most of which seem peculiar to this hill, at least so far as our
district is concerned.

The cliffs and slopes of Islandmagee between Black Head
and Gobbin Head are very productive. The morning is the
best time here, for in the afternoon the sun soon gets behind
the hill and the temperature falls rapidly. Of the night-flying
insects I know nothing, as the locality is too far for walking
back after work, and there is no late train to town.

Lyccena minima is exceedingly abundant here in June, and
may be seen wherever Anthyllis vulnerana grows. The tiny
larva feeds in the woolly flower- heads of this plant, but is very
difficult to find. Lycama icarus is common, also Pararge
megcera , Vanessa urticm , atalanta , and cardui.

Nemeophila plantaginis is commoner here than anywhere
else in the district and in some years is exceedingly abundant.
Spilosoma fuliginosa occurs, and the larvae of Bombyx quercus)
var. callunce may be collected in June, feeding on bramble.

Of the other families of Lepidoptera may be mentioned
Strenia clathrata) Emmelesia albulata , and Eupithecia con -
strictata among the Geometrce ; Scopula jerrugalis , Aciptilia
tetradactyla , Homeosoma senecionis , and Phycis subornatella
among the Pyralides / and Peronea Schallenana) Penthina
gentiana, Sericons littoralis , and Conchylis strammea among
the Tortrices.

Piutella crucifer arum (the Diamond-back Moth), which has
sometimes completely destroyed the crops of turnips and other
cruciferous plants in England, is fairly common here, but I
have never seen any sign of damage, so it may be hoped that
the climate is unfavourable to its multiplication.

i893-94*]

121

Glyphipteryx equitella and Fischeriella , tiny black and silver
species, are to be found on grass, flying about 4 p.m. in the
sunshine ; several species of Argyresthesia and Elachista are
also to be found. In all probability much the same species
occur at many similar spots along the Antrim coast, and a
number of species are recorded from Glenarm, but these places
are beyond a single day’s excursion. At Glenariffe I have taken
Larentia olivata , which is rare in Ireland, and no doubt the
locality would repay investigation, though it is not well suited
for night work.

On the north coast of Antrim, the sandhills of Ballycastle
and Portrush are splendid collecting grounds for those species
that frequent such places. At Ballycastle the very local Nyssia
zonaria is plentiful at the beginning of April. So far this species
is only recorded, in Ireland, from Ballycastle and Achill Island.
It occurs also in the Isle of Man and on the coasts of Cheshire
and North Wales.

I now come to the districts in County Down, and shall confine
my remarks to the Mourne Mountains, and more particularly
to the immediate neighbourhood of Newcastle, which is the
best centre for collecting.

To the west of Newcastle there is a fine stretch of sandhills
stretching to Dundrum Bay ; at the back of the village are the
woods of Donard demesne, perhaps the best woods in our
district, and beyond the woods are the mountains. Each of
these produces its special insects, which, for the most part, are
not to be found in the others. The best part of the sandhills
begins about two miles from Newcastle and extends to Dundrum
Bay ; they are continued on the opposite side of the bay, but
this part is too distant for convenient working.

Two butterflies are abundant all over the sandhills, Lycozna
icarus and Satyrus semele (Grayling). The western Irish forms
of both differ considerably from the English and European
types, being in both cases larger and more brightly coloured.
In the south of England the male icarus is small and of a rather
dull lilac-blue, and the female is brown, slightly tinged with

122

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

blue, and with a border of red spots round all the wings. In
this district the male is large and very bright blue, approaching
the colour of Lycatna adonis , while the female is also blue,
though not so bright, and the marginal red spots are very large
and bright. Specimens of both forms may be seen in the
Museum collection.

There is not much to be got on sandhills early in the year ;
the real work begins with the flowering of the marram grass
in June and July, and is better still when the ragweed is in
flower in August. Great numbers of Agrotidce and other
Noctuce frequent these flowers. A few come out about 4 p.m.
on sunny days, and are then easily collected ; but for one that
is out then a hundred are out after dark.

The heads of the Senecio are sometimes very large in such
situations, and on a single flower-head I have counted fifty or
sixty moths at once; but they are very particular in their
choice, and while one flower-head is nearly covered with moths,
neighbouring and, as far as we can see, exactly similar heads are
nearly deserted. Besides the moths there are plenty of earwigs,
beetles, and gnats for any that are interested in these orders of
insects. A few species are particularly abundant, viz. : — Apamea
didyma in infinite variety, Agrotis tritici and Noctua xantho-
grapha) also very variable. Five out of six moths belong to one
or other of these species, but several others are also common —
Miana strigilis , M. bicoloria , M. literosa , Agrotis vestigialis ,
A. cursoria) A . nigricans , A. prcecox , A. lucernea) and A.
suffusa ; Noctua rubi , Triphcena ianthina) and the common
yellow underwings ; Phlogophora meticulosa , Hydrcecia lucens)
H . micacea) and a number of others. A few Geometrce come
also to the flowers, besides a good many Crambi and other
Pyralides) and several species of Depressaria . On the heather
and bracken of the older parts of the sandhills other species
occur, but the only noticeable one is Gnophos obscurata) which
is very abundant.

Micro-lepidoptera are abundant, and several good species
occur, such as Anerastia loietla, Cr ambus W arringtonelius , C.

*893*94-]

123

geniculeus , Dictyopteryx Bergmanniana amongst Rosa sfrino-
sissima , and many small Gelechidw , which can be obtained by
kicking them out of the roots of the bent, where they shelter
during the day-time.

Insects are abundant in the woods of Donard demesne
throughout the season. Lyccena argiolus (Holly Blue) is out
in May and Argynnis paphia (Silver-washed Fritillary) in July,
but the latter is scarce. No Sphinges seem to occur, and not
many Bombyces , but Hylophila prasinana is common, also
Hepialus velleda , H. hectus) and Thyatira batis. The latter
comes to sugar along with various Noctuce , such as Acronycta
rumicis) Hadena adusta) and Caradrina taraxaci , and Aphomia
sociella , whose larva feeds on the wax in bee-hives and the nests
of wild bees.

The Geometrce are well represented, including several un-
common species, especially among the fir-feeding kinds. Ellopia
prosapiaria is common, also Bupalas piniaria and Boarmia
repandata , and the fine banded variety conversaria . Venusia
cambrica and Emmelesia teniata are scarce. Several Eupithecice
occur, including E. satyrata) castigata , lariciata) and pumilata.
The last feeds on the flowers of Ulex) and swarms both in the
higher parts of the demense and in the lower valleys. The
pretty Melanthia albicillata may be seen settled on tree trunks
in July. Thera variata is very abundant, but T. firmata is
scarce. Micros are not very abundant, and only Amblyptilia
acanthodactyla and Olindia nlmana are worth noting.

Collecting on the mountains themselves is rather disap-
pointing, especially in the number of specimens obtained. I
have sometimes walked several miles without seeing a specimen
of any sort, and this on a fine day in summer. Nevertheless,
a good many species occur, and I believe that a resident collector
could do very good work when he had once found the right
spots for insects.

This paucity of insects no doubt is due to the poverty of the
flora of the Mourne range. There are no truly alpine insects
recorded from the district, but then only Slieve Donard rises

124

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

appreciably over 2,400 feet, which is the lowest limit of alpine
insects, and the upper part of this mountain is too bare and
shelterless for Lepidoptera to exist there.

The most promising-looking parts for such insects are the
actual tops of the few mountains which are crowned with rocks,
like Bingian, Bearnagh, and Commedagh. Round these rocks
the vegetation is luxuriant, and Salix herbacea grows freely.
A few species occurring lower down may be mentioned. Saturnia
pavonia is common, and its larva, together with that of Dicra -
nura vinula and Pygwra pigra , is common on willow bushes by
the streams. Hadena contigua occurs, Anarta myrtilh is
common, also Stilbia anomola , Pachnobia rubricosa and Phyto-
metva viridaria. The Geometrce include Gnophos obscnvata)
Pseudoterpna pruinata , Scodiona belgiana , Larentia ccBsiata ,
Eupithecia nanata , E. minutata and E. sobrinata — this last
feeding on juniper. A few micros may be mentioned : — Phycis
fusca occurs in the Happy Valley and also above Donard
demesne, Mixodia Schulziana is pretty common, and Pamplusia
mercuriana occurs at the top of Slieve Bingian.

No doubt further search would result in many additions to
this rather meagre list, but there is so large an extent of country
to be covered that for anyone living at a distance it would take
many years to make anything approaching a complete list of
the lepidoptera of the Mournes.

In conclusion, I may say that specimens of nearly all the
species mentioned are now in the Belfast Museum collection,
and that it is much to be hoped that some member of the Club
will take up this branch of field work and add to our knowledge
of our local Lepidoptera.

**93-94]

^5

LIST OF SPECIES.

RHOPAEOCERA.

Pierls brassioae — Common,
rapae — Common.

napl — Common. Occurs in the
marshes on the Belfast hills up
to 900 feet. The specimens are
generally strongly marked on
upper side, and the under side is
sometimes very yellow.

Eucbloe cardamines — Common.

I have specimens from the Belfast
hills expanding only 30 mm.

Argynnis papbia — Donard de-
mesne and other woods, but not
common.

Vanessa urticse — Common.

atalanta — Not common generally,
hut very abundant in 1893.
cardui — Common in some years.

Pararge egeria — Very abundant
in all woods and lanes, from May
to October.

megaera — Local ; Islandmagee,
Newcastle, &c.

Satyrus semele — Very abundant
on sandhills, Newcastle, &c. ; the

[None of the Hesperidce are

specimens are large and brightly
coloured.

Epinepbele janira — Common.
Large and well marked ; females,
with bipupilled ocellus and extra
ocelli, sometimes occur.

byperanthus — Common.

Coenonympha pampbilus

Common.

Polyommatus pblaeas —

Common.

Eycaena i earns — Common. Large;
males often very bright blue;
females also very blue, with the
marginal red spots strongly
developed, and occasionally the
discoidal spots on both wings are
white-ringed.

argiolus — - Donard demesne;
common.

minima — Antrim coast. Very
abundant on Islandmagee ; male-
often bluer than type, and some
times showing the discoidal spots
as in L. argiolus.

recorded from this district.]

SPHINGES.

Acberontla atropos — Lisburn,
&c. ; scarce.

Deillpbila livornica — Two spe-
cimens taken at rhododendron
flowers in Ormeau Park, Belfast,
June, 1888.

Cbaerocampa elpenor — Larvae

occasionally on Epilobium hirsu-
turn about Belfast.

Smerlntbus populi — Common.
IMCacroglossa stellatarum -

Scarce.

bombyllformis — Common on
Belfast hills.

Zygaena filipendulae — Common.

SOMBTCES.

Hylopbila praslnana — Common.
CTudaria mundana — Newcastle,
&c. ; scarce.

Rucbella jacobaeae— Common.

Hemeophila plantaginis — Is-
landmagee, very abundant; Bel-
fast hills.

Arctta caj a— Common.

126

Spilosoma fuliglnosa — Common,
mendica — Common; males ap-
parently always cream-coloured,
lubricipeda - Common,
menthastri — Very abundant ;
some specimens nearly immacu-
late, and ochreous specimens (var.
ochracea) are common, sometimes
with the wing-rays white.

Hepialns humuli— Very abundant,
velleda — Very abundant ; var.

gallicus also common,
bectus — Common.

Orgyia anti qua— Larvae scarce.

Bombyx rubi — Larvae common on
hills.

quercus, var. callunee— Larvae
common.

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

Saturnia pavonia — Very common
on hills.

Sicranura vinula — Common.
Xaopbopteryx camelina—

Common.

Notodonta dictaea — Scarce,
dromedarius — Scarce, Belfast,
ziczac- Larvae not uncommon on
"Willow.

Pbalsera bucepbala — Common.
Pygaera pigra— Larvae on willow,
Mourne Mountains.

Thyatira derasa — Collin Glen ;
common.

batis — Very common.

WTOCTUJE.

Bryopblla perla — Newcastle.

Aconycta psi— Common.

rumicis — Donard demesne ; a
pale form.

Xteucanla conlgera*— Belfast
marshes.

litbargyria— Common,
comma — Common,
impura— Very abundant,
pallens — Very abundant ; var.
rufescens common.

Tapinostola fulva — Very abun-
dant in marshes near Belfast ;
varies from pale bone-colour to
dark reddish.

Nonagrla arundinis — Local in Co.
Down.

Hydreecia nictitans — Most, if not
all, the specimens from this dis-
trict are referable to H lucens.
micacea— Common.

Xylopbasla rurea — Very abun-
dant ; var combusta also common
litboxylea— Very abundant,
monoglypba — Very abundant ;
var. brunnea (Tutt) is common and
var. obscura (Tutt) scarce.

XTeuronia popularis— Belfast.

Cbarceas graminis — Very abun-
dant.

Xuperina testacea— Belfast ; com-
mon.

Mamestra brassicee— Common.

Apamea basillnea — Common.

Apamea opbiogramma — One

specimen in a marsh near Belfast.

gemina— Common.

leucostigma— The type and var.
fibrosa are both common in the
marshes about Belfast and else-
where in the district.

didyma— Very abundant.

Miana strigilis— The type is scarce,
but the darker varieties fairly
common.

fascluncula — Common ; small
grey specimens occur on the hills
in August.

literosa — Not common, but gener-
ally distributed.

bicoloria -Very abundant ; var.
rufuncula is not uncommon

Celeena Haworthii — Common on
Belfast hills.

Grammesia trigrammica—

Common.

Stilbia anomola — Common in one
place on Black Mountain, Belfast ;
also Occurs in the Mourne Moun-
tains The specimens are large
and dark.

Caradrina taraxaci — Common.

4-punctata — Very abundant ; the
specimens from this district are
generally either ochreous or dark
grey.

Xtuslna tenebrosa — Belfast
scarce.

1*91-94]

127

Agrotls vestlglalis — Sand*hills,
Dundrum; abundant,
segetum — Common,
exclamatlonis — Common,
cursoria — Sand-hills ; common,
nigricans — Common,
trltlci— Sand-hills; very abundant;

mostly reddish brown,
strigula — Belfast hills, abundant,
praecox — Sand-hills, common,
lucernea — Sand-hills at Dundrum;
dark grey.

OToctua glareosa — Belfast hills,
abundant,
augur — Common,
plecta — Common,
c-nlgrum — Common,
brunnea — Common,
festlva — Common,
umbrosa — Yery abundant,
rubl — Common,
baj a — Common.

Trlphsena iantblna — Common,
comes — Common,
pronuba — Common.-

Amphlpyra tragopogonls—

Common.

Mania typica — Common,
maura — Common.

Taeniocampa gotbica — - Very a-
bundant at willows in spring,
lncerta — Yery abundant, but not
very variable, most of the speci-
mens being dark brown,
oplzna — Belfast ; both the pale
type and var. brunnea (Tutt).
stabilis — Yery abundant.

Ortbosla lota — Belfast, common.

Cerastis vaccinli — Commonat ivy-
bloom.

spadicea — Common at ivy-bloom.

Scopelosoma sateliltia -— Com-
mon at ivy-bloom.

Xantbia fulvag© — Belfast, scarce.

circellaris— Belfast, scarce.
Clrrhaedia xerampelina— Belfast
and Castlewellan.

Calymnla trapezlna — Common.
Bianthseda nana — Common in
marshes.

capsincola — Common,
cucuball —Common.

Polia chi — Glenarm.

Misella oxyacanthae — Common.
Agriopis aprilina — Common.
Euplexia luclpara — Common.
Aplecta nebulosa— Common.
Hadena adusta — Donard demesne
and Black Mountain ; common,
glauca — Belfast hills, common.
The specimens belong to var.
lappo (Dup.)
dentina — Common,
trlfolll — Common,
oleracea — Common*
plsi — Scarce.

contlgua — Moume Mountains,

scarce.

Calocampa exoleta — Belfast, &c.;
common.

vetusta — Belfast, &c ; common.
Cucullia umbratica — Donard de-
mesne, scarce.

Cronoptera libatrix — Common.
Habrostola tripartita — Common.

triplasia — Common.

Plusia chrysitis — Common,
festucae — Common,
pulchrina — Common,
gamma — Common .
ilnarta myrtilli — Mourne Moun-
tains, common.

Phytometra viridarla — Moume
Mountains and Belfast hills ;
common.

Rlvula sericealis — Common.
Zanclognatba grisealis—

Common.

tarsipeimalls — Common.
Pecbypogon barbalis — Common.
Hypena proboscidalis — Yery
abundant.

GEOMSTRJE.

Ourapteryx sambucata— Belfast.
Epione apiciarla — Belfast, scarce.
Rumla luteolata — Yery abundant.

Metrocampa margaritaria-

Common.

Ellopia fasciarla — Donard de-
mesne, common.

Selenia bllunaria — Common.
Odontopera bidentata — Common.
Crocallis ellnguaria — Common,

128 [Appendix B.N.F.C.,

annomoB queroinarla — Tolly-

more Park, &c.

Phlgalia pedaria— Common; large
and pale coloured.

Nyssia zonaria — Ballycastle, very
abundant.

Ampbldasys b etularia—

Common.

Boarmia pepandata — Common ;
rather dark ; var. conversaria ,
Donard demesne, scarce,
gemmaria — Common.

Tepbrosla crepuscularla — Don-
ard demesne, common ; dark
varieties frequently occur.
Gnopbos obscurata — Newcastle,
abundant ; very dark.
Pseudoterpna pruinata—
Common.

Venusia cambrica — Donard de-
mesne, scarce.

Addalia dldixniata — Common,
blsetata — Common,
marginepunctata — Kilkeel,
scarce.

aversata — Common ; var. spoliata ,
common.

Cabera pusaria — Very abundant;
the specimens from this district
are rather more sprinkled with
black scales than is the case with
English specimens,
exanthemaria— Very abundant.
Macaria liturata — Donard de-
mesne.

Strenla clat brat a— Common ; the
yellow parts of the wings pale,
inclining to white.

Scodioua belgiaria — Moume
Mountains.

Ematurga atomaria — Hills, abun-
dant.

Bupalus piniaria — Donard de-
mesne, very abundant.

Abraxas grossulariata—

Common.

Bomaspilis marginata— Common.
Hybernia rupicapraria—

Common.

marginaria — Common ; dusky,
ill-marked specimens are frequent.

defoliaria— Common.
Cbelmatobia brumata— Common.
Oparabla dilutata— Common.

flllgrammaria — Belfast hills.
Earentla dldymata — Very abun-
dant.

multi stri gar la — Common, gener-
ally of an ochreous tint,
csesiata — Belfast hills, abundant ;

Moume Mountains, scarce,
s all c at a~ Belfast hills, common,
oil vat a — Glenariffe.
viridaria— Common.

Emmelesia alcbemillata—
Bryansford.

alb ul at a — Common ; dark and
well marked.

decolorata — Belfast, locally abun-
dant.

tseniata— Donard demense, very
rare.

Eupitbecla oblongata — Common,
satyr ata— Common ; var callun -
aria , very abundant on hills ;
very variable, some specimens
approaching v. Curzoni.
castigata — Common ; occasional
melanic specimens occur,
lndlgata — Belfast,
constrictata — Islandmagee, com-
mon ; Kilkeel.
nanata — Common on hills,
vulgata — Common,
absyntbiata — Common,
minutata — Common,
assimllata — Common,
lariclata — Collin Glen ; Lame,
very abundant,
abbreviata— Scarce,
sobrinata — Belfast, and Moume
Mountains, scarce,
pumllata — Common ; very abun-
dant on Moume Mountains.
Tbera variata — Common.

firzuata — Donard demesne, scarce.
Hypsipetes trifas data— Common;
very abundant in Collin Glen,
sordidata — Common.
Melantbia bicolorata— Glenarm,
Collin Glen, &c., not common,
ocellata — Collin Glen, &c.
albldllata — Donard demesne,
common.

Melanippe tristata — Knockagh,
abundant ; Moume Mountains,
sociata — Common,
montanata— Very abundant.

I&93-94-J

129

gallafa — Local, not common,
fluctuata — Common.

Anticlea badiata — Very abundant,
nlgrofasciarla -Collin Glen,
scarce.

Coremia munltata -Local, scarce,
deslgnata — Scarce,
ferrugata — Common,
unidentaria — Common.

Campfogramma bilineata — Very
abundant.

Phibalapteryx lap! data— Belfast
Hills.

vlttata — Belfast marshes, very
abundant.

Cldarla miata — Common,
truncata— Common, mostly yar.
perfuscata.

lmmanata — Common,
saffumata — Common,
silaoeata — Collin Glen, common,
testata — Hills, common,
populata — Common,
fulvata — Common .

Pelurga comitata -Common.
Eubolia limitata —Very abundant.

plumb aria — Very abundant.
Anaitis plagiata— Black Mountain,
common.

Pyralis glauclnalis— Common.

farinalls — Common.

Sooparia ambigualis —Scarce,
cembrsae — Belfast, common,
dubitalis — Common,
lngrafella — Knockagh, common,
trunclcololella — Donard
demesne.

augustea — Dundrum.
ETomopMla noctuella— Common.
Berbula cespltalis — Common.
Ennycbla clngulata — Knockagh,
common.

Burrhypara urtlcata— Common.
Scapula lutealis— Very abundant,
ollvalls — Common,
prunalis— Collin Glen, &c.
ferrugalls — Islandmagee, scarce.
Botys fuscalis— Common.

Bbulea sambucalis— Common.
Pionea forficalls — Common.
Cataclysta lemnata — Common.
Hydrocampa stagnata — Common.
Chrysocorys festaliella— Belfast.
Platyptllla ocbrodactyla—

Dunnaneile Island, Strangford
Lough.

Isodactyla — Belfast Hills, scarce,
ffonodactyla — Common.

Amblyptilia acanthodactyla—

Newcastle and Belfast, scarce.

Oxyptilus parvidactyla— Knock-
agh, abundant.

Mlzneseoptilus bipimctidac-
tylus— Black Hill, &c., abun-
dant. •

pterodactylus — Black Hill,
abundant.

Pterophorus monodactylus—

Common.

Aclptilia tetradactyla — Island-
magee, scarce.

Chllo pbragmitellus — Black
Mountain, scarce.

Crambu* pratellus— Common,
perlellus — Common,
warriugtonellus— Sandhills,
common.

geniculeus— Sandhills, common,
culmellus — Very abundant,
tristellus — Common,
bortuellus — Common.
Hozneosoma senecionis New-

castle, scarce.

Pbycls fusca— Moume Mountains.

subornatelia— Islandmagee, rare.
Aphomia sociella — Common.

TOBTBZCES.

Tortrlx cratee gran a— Common,
zylosteana — Scarce,
rosana — Scarce,
dl v er sana — Common.

unlfasclana — Belfast Hills, &c.,
common.

eostana — Common,
viburnana — Hills, common.

130

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

palleana— Black Hill, &c., com-
mon.

viridana— Common.

Peronea Scballeriana — Island-

magee.

variegana — Common .
bastiana — Belfast, scarce,
caledoniana — Hills, common.
Teras contaminana — Common.
DIctyopteryx Boeflinglana—
Common.

Holmlana — Belfast, scarce.
Bergmanniana — Very abundant.
Argyrotoxa Conwayana — Com-
mon.

Penthina sauciana— Common.

gentiana — Common.

Antitbesia salicella — Belfast,

scarce.

Hedya ocellana — Common.
Spilonota trimaculana — Com-
mon.

Pardia tripunctana — Common
Sericoris littoralis — Islandmagee.
cespitana — Common,
lacunana- Very abundant
IVlixodia Scbulziana— Hills,
common.

Ortbotsenia antiquana — Belfast.
Cnepbasia po lit an a— Donard de-
mesne, &c., common,
musculana — Common.
Sciapbila virgaureana — Com-
mon.

cbrysantbeana — Common,
octomaculana— Bare.
Spbaleroptera ictericana—

Scarce.

Clepsls rusticana- Common.
Bactra lanceolana — Very abun-
dant.

Pboxopteryx myrtillana—

Belfast Hills, scarce.

lundana — Very abundant.
Grapholitba nigromaculana—
Mourne Mountains,
sub ocellana — Very abundant,
trimaculana — Belfast.
Penkleriana -Common,
nee van a — Common
Batodes angustiorana— Belfast.
Paedlsca bilunana — Belfast,
scarce.

corticana— Belfast, common.

Eptaippipbora cirsiana — Com-
mon.

brunnicbeana-Common.

Olindia ulmana — Donard demesne,
scarce.

Pamplusia mercurlana— At top

of Slieve Bingian (2400 feet). .

Stigmonota perlepidana— Collin

Glen, abundant.

Blcroramplxa plumbana—

Knockagb, abundant.

Catoptrla ulicetana — Very abun-
dant.

bypericana — Belfast Hills,
cana — Belfast Hills,
citrana — Belfast, scarce.

Slmeetbis oxyacantbella — Very

abundant.

Eupeecilia dubitana — Belfast,

scarce.

atricapitana — Belfast, scarce,
angustana — Common,
grlseana — Scarce,
cillella— Hills, common.
Xantbosetia zoegana — Common.

bamana — Common.
Argyrolepla Hartmanniana—
Belfast Hills, local.

Concbylis straminea— Island-
magee.

Apbelia osseana— Common.

TOTE®,

Blurnea fagella— Common; always
ochreous.

Scardla cloacella— Common.
Blabopbanes rusticella—

Common.

Tinea pellionella — Common,
pallescentella — Common,
lapella — Common,
mer della— Common.

Jiampronia luzella — Belfast,
scarce.

XTexnopbora Scbwarziella—

Common.

Swammerdaraia caesiella Very
abundant.

pyrella — Common.

splnlella— Common .

1893-94*]

131

Hyponomeuta padellus—

Common.

cag-nag-ellus — Locally common.
Prays curtisellus— Common.
Plutella crucifer arum— Common.
Cerostoma radiatella — Common.

costella— Common.
Harpipteryx xylostella—
Common.

Phibalocera quercana— Common.
Depressarla costosa— Very abun-
dant

pallorella — Scarce,
utnbellana — Newcastle, scarce,
arenella -Common,
litur ella —Common,
yeatiana — Common,
applana — Common,
beracleana — Common.

Gelecbla ericetella — Common.
Bryotropha ter ella— Belfast,
desertella — Newcastle sand-hills,
p olit ella — Belfast.

Xiita artemisiella— Newcastle
sand-hills.

marmorea —Newcastle sand-hills,
very abundant.

Teleia vulgella— Scarce.

dodecella— Belfast Hills, scarce.
Cberlaria Hubnerella— Belfast.
Pleurota bicostella— Hills, com-
mon.

GBcopbora pseudospretella-

Common.

Endrosis fenestrella — Common.
Glypbipteryx tbrasonella — Very
abundant in marshes.

Haw orthana— Belfast, scarce,
equitella — Islandmagee, abun-
dant.

Flscberiella — Common.
Argyrestbesia epbippella—

Belfast.

nitidella — Common,
semltestacella — Belfast, scarce,
albistria — Belfast, common,
conjugella —Common,
mendica — Common,
pygmaeella — Scarce.

Gracilaria tringipennella—
Islandmagee, scarce,
syringella — Common.

Oruix auglicella — Belfast.

betulae — Belfast.

Goleopbora albieosta— Belfast,
caespititiella— Common.
Chauliodus cbaeropbylellus—
Belfast.

laverna atra — Belfast.

Elacbista mouticola — Ballyna-
hinch.

perplexella — Common,
obscurella — Common,
rbyucbosporella — Belfast,
scarce.

rufocinerea — Belfast, scarce,
subalbidella— Very abundant,
argenteila — Very abundant.

Bitbocolletis pomifoliella -

Belfast.

salicicolella — Belfast,
quercifoliella — Belfast, common,
alnifoliella — Belfast.

1

A

SUPPLEMENT

TO THE

FLORA

OF THE

NORTH-EAST OF IRELAND

OF

STEWART and CORRY.

- K ncfj

BY

S. A. STEWART, F.B.S.Edin.,

AND

R. LLOYD PRAEGER, B.E.

Being an Appendix (No. 5 of Vol. 2) to the Proceedings

OF THE

BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB

For 1894-95.

* 4 VUt .(

V 1 /i %

NOTE.

The size of the page in the following paper has been made the same as
that of “ Flora of the North-East of Ireland,” in order that the Supplement
may be bound with the Work by those who desire it.

A SUPPLEMENT

TO THE

“Flora of the North-East of Ireland”

of Stewart and Corry.

By S. A. STEWART, F.B.S.Edin., and R. LLOYD PRAEGER, B.E.

knowledge of local topographical botanv, an/givitig a general account “f ^
flora of the twelfth district of Oybele Hibermca Since that S'

progress has been made ; a godly number of

flora, and our knowledge of the distribution of others W a * the

noteworthy degree. Since the publicat.on of ifora seveil m^Thf v,,ented ‘° 5
summarizing the more important additions, and others dealing with the hofaS
characteristics of certain tracts of country or wHL onrtoi Ine Dotanical
within our district. There have ST l°o aFflom

in Journals, and Proceedings of Societies Onr Vv r ocai nora

all these together, along with a considerable amount of un^hTistTmateriaf
and no pains hare been spared to make this Supplement comoW^ ^ l

Being a Supplement to the Flora of the North-Fast nf Tiww
paper divides itself into two sections (l) Plailtf or

Mwes”d — ^

Onoms spine*. Calamintha officinalis.

Rom micrantha. Primula veris.

Bilans pratensis.

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

136

A few varieties have also to he withdrawn, and ^^nhUshed^

transferred to plants different from those under which they w p ’

n wS no recent record could be grr«r

a^-^v&,^twSSSft

attention here to the more prominent of them, lney m y

(11 Plante of which we have reason to doubt the identification
1 ' Leontodon hupidum. Gentuma amarella. .

(2) Plants which appear to have been not established in the district, and now

missing:— wium sophia^ Planum nigrum.

Sinapis nigra. Chenopodium rubrum

(3) Plants apparently destroyed through drainage ; these are most y p an s o
Lough Neagh basin Carexfongata.

Lathy rus palustris. G. Jiliformis.

Slum latifolium. 0. paludota.

Epipactis palustris. Lastrea thelyp m*.

Cephalanthera emifolia. Pilulana globuhfera.

(41 Plants apparently lost though building or cultivation

Eleocharis uniglumis. Bordeum pratense .

Schlerochloa procumbens.

Three other plants Hypericum Mrmtum, Adoxa moschalelhna, tarex
muricata , have become almost extinct owing to similar causes.

(5) Plants not seen recently, but for whose absence no special reason exists
^ Geranium sanguineum. Taxus baccata.

Trifolium striatum. Calamagmtu eptgejos.

T,,,,,,, aria Poa nemoralis.

Arctostaphylos um-ursi. Polypodxum dryoptens.

Pyrola secunda. Tohjpella mdifica.

We trust that our drawing attention to the above may lead to the rediscovery

Mourne Mountains district for cryp ? , valley of the Lower Bann

by the present writers; and the e^minatiou of th of Uie he

drawn.

i894-95-]

137

Irish Naturalist , 1892 to date,
papers being : —

SOURCES OF INFORMATION.

Books —

English Botany ; Supplement to Yols. I — IV. By N. E. Brown. 1892

The British Moss Flora, by Dr. Braithwaite, Yols. I. and II., 1880-95.

Periodicals —

JomnaUf Botmy, 1888 to date. Contains some notes concerning the local

Papers and notes, the more important

Stewards. A.— Notes on the Flora of the North-East of Ireland,

Shoolbred, W. A. — A Botanical Trip to Co. Antrim, 1894.

Gr°V189?’ & J‘_The Distribution of the Characese in Ireland,

Proceedings of Societies —

Boyal Irish Academy. The papers consulted are : —

Hart’ C'~^.lants of some of the Mountain Ranges of Ireland,
1884 1 his paper yielded some notes additional to those

already extracted from it.

Lett, Rev. H. W. -Report on the Mosses, Hepatics, and Lichens
oi the Mourne Mountain district, 1890.

Hart, H. C.— Range of Flowering Plants and Ferns on the
Mountains of Ireland, 1891. Yields very little additional to
the iormer paper.

Stewart, S A., and R. Lloyd Praeger.— Botany of the Mourne
Mountains, 1892. Our increased knowledge of the Co. Down
flora is mainly due to this paper, and that by Rev. Mr. Lett.

Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club, 1888-9 tiU 1894-5. Papers and notes,
including plants found on the Excursions.

Praeger.— New or Rare North of Ireland Plants, 1891.

Do. —Local Botanical Notes, 1891 and 1892 ; 1893.

Botanical Exchange Club Reports , 1888 till 1894.

Watson Botanical Exchange Club Reports , 1885—6 till 1893—4.

MS. Notes and Lists —

Templeton, John Pour -relumes of his MS. “Flora Hibemica,” at present
deposited with the Belfast Nat. Hist, and Phil. Society. Contains much
original matter concerning local cryptogams, which could not he worked
out m time for the present paper.

138

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

; Notes referring to various districts, kindly
r supported by specimens when rf

Kmwn Robert We are indebted to Mr. James Britten for a transcript of
^af notes contained in the two volumes of MS. n Bntish Muse
mentioned in bis review of Flora .WE. Ireland in Journ. Rot. 1888.

Leebody, Mrs. )

Knowles , Miss M. G.

Lett , Rev. E. W.

Waddell , Rev. C. E.

Brenan , Rev. S. A.

Smith , Rev. W. S.

Davies , J. E.

To several other observers we are indebted for occasional notes of plants
observed by them in new stations, and for specimens sent.

^ 1/ mv David Tbe greater portion of tbe original and duplicate sets

renfesenting the flma of Co. Antrim, and of the duplicate set represent-
ing the Aot! of Co. Derry, made by Dr. Moore in 1836 and 1837 when
in” the Ordnance Survey service, are deposited in the Dublin Science
and Art Museum. The duplicate set is unfortunately not localised.

_ . . ~ 77 tVip British Herbarium, which includes the

Elv.%V.rM.Hiud, was looked into, hut yielded
nothing of importance for our purpose.

_7 ■ Cravden The British Herbarium contains some of Dr.

ff^re“ “nts, buUoo little was found to induce a thorough
examination of the collection. _

Grainger, Ben. Canon. A small collection, made chiefly in Antrim, which

The additiondoiaourWownMS. notes to this list completes the enumeration.

The notes now brought together Jnclu de a mi: mber of
the flora of “h^tern largely.

K^e S

now divided must not be over-estimat , accurately worked out, and in this
distribution of the 7arl0U" no otherbin Ireland. Y Some interesting species

respect our district is no^ behin j addition to the Irish flora),

have been added, such as tares paucijloi ( g tich we are not aware of

Bolygonum ItlmLzoviam (in Europe known

Saussurea alpina , Orchis pyramtdahs, Ca™* q & of District 12 and to

isr.'assis sas

separately on a subsequent page.

1894-95*]

139

ADDITIONS TO DISTKICT 12

Ranunculus eircinatus.

Drosera intermedia.

Trifolium hybridum.

Poterium sanguisorba.

Rubus Roger sii.
nitidus.
gratus.
erythrinus.
Lindleianus.
pulcherrimus .
silvaticus.
micans.

Leyanus.

echinatus.

rudis.

scaber.

fuscus.

rosaceus.

hirtus.

chamoemorus.

Rosa glauca.

Arctium minus .

Saussurea alpina.
Hieracium Leyi.

Farrense.

rubicundum.

argenteum.

Sommerfeltii ,

hibernicum.

stenolepis.

euprepes.

sciaphilum.

auratum.

Polygonum maculatum.
Orchis pyramidalis.
Spiranthes Romanzoviana .
Sparganium neglectum.
Potamogeton undulatus.
Garex pauciflora.
aquatilis.
filiformis.

Triticum acutum.

Char a contraria.

ADDITIONS TO COUNTY DOWN.

Ranunculus eircinatus.
lepidium campestre.
Prosera intermedia.
Sagina ciliata.

Spergularia rubra.
Hypericum quadrangulum.
Trifolium hybridum.
Rubus suberectus.
plicatus.

Rogersii.

nitidus.

Lindleianus.

pulcherrimus.

silvaticus.

mucronatus.

Leyanus.

rudis.

scaber.

fuscus.

rosaceus.

hirtus.

Rosa involuta.

Epilobium angusti folium.
Saxifraga tridactylites .
Inula helenium.
Saussurea alpina.
Hieracium argenteum.

hibernicum.

sciaphilum.

gothicum.

auratum.

Galeopsis speciosa.
Polygonum maculatum.
Salix purpurea.

Populus tremula.
Sparganium neglectum.
Potamogeton Zizii.

Ruppia rostellata.
Eleocharis acicularis.

Car ex (Edcri.

Bromus racemosus.
Triticum acutum.

Ohara contraria.

140

[Appendix B.N.F.C.

ADDITIONS TO COUNTY ANTRIM.

Arabis hirsuta.
Geranium perenne.
Trifolium hybridum.
Poterium sanguisorba.
Rubus gratus.

Zindleianus.

pulcherrimus.

echinatus.

rosaceus.

Rosa glauca.

Arctium minus.
Hieraeium Jlocculosum.
Far rente,
rubicundum .

Hieraeium stenolepis •
euprepes.
auratum.
Vaccinium oxycoccos.
JJtrieularia intermedia.
Callitriehe autumnalis.
Orchis pyramidalit.
Juncus maritimus.
Potamogeton undulatus.
Car ex pauciflora.
aquatilis.
filiformis.
Schlerochloa ngida.
Triticum acutum.

ADDITIONS TO COUNTY DERRY.

Fapaver rheeas.
Meconopsis cambrica.
Viola canina.

Sagina apetala.
Spergularia salina.
Ononis arvensis.
Trifolium hybridum.
Rubus rhamnifolius.
gratus.
pulcherrimus.
Zindleianus.
erythrinus.
micans.
chamoemorus.
Myriophyllum spicatum.
Galium mollugo.
Hieraeium Zeyi.

Sommerfeltii.

Hieraeium stenolepis.

euprepes.
Myosotis collina.

Veronica polita.

Beta maritima.

Atnplex erecta.

Orchis pyramidalis.
Spiranthes Romanzoviana.
Carex teretiuscula.
stricta.
paludosa.
rip aria.

Trisetum Jlavescens.
Ceterach oflcinarum.
Chara aspera.

contraria.

vulgaris.

Nitella translucent.

As it must ever be, there has been in some cases doubt as to what plants,
originally introduced, must now be included m the flora as !
ized, and which may be considered as not permanently esti ibhshed. . T™8*1™!

ran settle these points, and we have preferred to err on the side of seventy rather
than of leniency as regards admissions to the flora on the plea of naturalization.
The number 0/ foreign plants introduced into the country is increasing, along
with the increased imports of foreign grain and seed, and no doubt .some of t
hardy continental species thus introduced have obtained, or will obto, a p
manent footing in the island. The following extraordinary list of imported

1894-95-]

X4X

plants, collected by Mr. Richard Hanna in 1893 and 1894 in waste ground
adjoining the Belfast Distillery, and near Hughes’ Flour Mill, will convey an
idea of the number of aliens that are now-a-days showered down on our country :

Ranunculus muricatus.

T. latipaceum.

Sisymbrium repandum.

Trigonella coerulea ?

S. pannonicum.

Lonicera caprifolium.

S. columnoe.

Valerianella dentata.

S. sophia.

Anthemis cotula.

S. thalianum.

Hemizonia sp.

Lepidium draba.

Serratula tinctoria.

L. campestre.

Centaurea solstitialis.

L. perfoliatum.

Carduus crispus.

Camelina sativa.

Solarium nigrum.

Reseda lutea.

Echium vulgare.

R. suffruticulosa.

AmsincTcia lycopsoides.

Saponaria baccaria.

Salvia vcrticillata.

Silene inflata.

Stachys annua.

S. dichotoma.

Marrubium vulgare.

Lychnis vespertina.

Rlantago arenaria.

Geranium phceum.

Rumex palustris.

G. pratense.

Hemerocallis flava.

Melilotus arvensis.

Setaria viridis.

M. parviflora.

AZgilops ovata ?

Medicago denticulata.

IE. caudata.

M. falcata ?

Echinochloa crus-galli.

Trifolium arvense.
T. resupinatum.

Bromus tectorum.

The plants were introduced with foreign grain, Australian, Indian, Russian,
and American. A smaller group found by Mrs White- Spunner at Grreenisland,
whither they came with food for fowls, is given by R. LI. P. in Irish Naturalist
for 1893.

Sisymbrium sophia.
Thlaspi arvense.
Erysimum orientale.
Lychnis vespertina.
Linum perenne.

Melitotus alba.
Cichorium intybus.
Hyoscyamus nigcr.
Linaria sp.
Galeopsis speciosa.

Other similar lists might be quoted, but the above will serve as examples.

During the interval since the publication of the Flora much has been done to
extend our knowledge of the Musci and Hepaticce of the district. The workers,
indeed, have been few, our notes being derived mainly from Rev. H. W. Lett
and Rev. G. H. Waddell, to whose zeal and powers of observation we are
indebted for by far the larger portion of the information summarised in the
following pages.

In 1888 the number of species of mosses known to grow in north-east Ireland

142

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

stood at 293, and the hepatics, or scale-mosses, at 73. The present enumeration
brings the former up to 301, and the latter to 84. Almost a moiety of the
mosses known to occur in the British Islands, and more than a moiety of the
scale-mosses, are still desiderata for our district. That in the future our lists
will be added to cannot he doubted, especially in the minute and critical species.
The publication of Dr. Braith waite’s splendid “ British Moss Flora ” has been
a stimulus to present workers, and its completion cannot fail to stimulate and
facilitate future researches. A similar Monograph of British Hepaticce would
be a boon. That this interesting group of plants is still imperfectly known to
us is largely due to the wrant of such help. The publishing of additional species
is, however, the smaller portion of the labour of the local botanist. A great
amount of work has been done, and much remains to be done, in extending our
Knowledge of the range and frequency of the plants already on record.

These lists might have been larger had a laxer method of compilation been
adopted. Many notes have been held over where satisfactory specimens were
not forthcoming, and doubtless some of these excluded records will prove correct
hereafter. As regards the few notes of Antrim mosses by Mr. Dixon, they
stand on the sufficient authority of that gentleman alone. Extracted from the
Templeton MSS. we print at the end a number of localities for hepatics not
included in the authenticated list. Many of these are believed to be reliable,
while some are manifestly incorrect. No specimens are extant wherewith to
test these notes, and their confirmation or otherwise remains for the future.

ADDITIONS TO DISTRICT 12.

Anisothecium crispum.
Polytrichum attenuatum.
Tot tula princeps.
Grimmia orbicularis.

G. Hartmani.

Pohlia acuminata.
Mnium riparium.
Hypnum irriguum.
Sphagnum Austini.

S. teres.

Lejeunea microscopica.

Lejeunea Maclcaii.

L. patens.

Odontoschisma sphagni.
Leptoscyphus pyrenaicum.
Scapania umbrosa.
Plagiochila tridenticulata.
Jungermannia pumila.

J. crenulata.

Nardia sphacelata.
Lunularia cruciata.

ADDITIONS TO COUNTY DOWN.

Polytrichum attenuatum.
Mollia verticillata.
Grimmia orbicularis.
Pohlia acuminata.
Bryum proliferum.
Hypnum irriguum.

H. Kneiffii.

H. pulchellum.
Sphagnum teres.
Lejeunea Mackaii.

Odontoschisma sphagni.
Cephalozia divaricata.

C. connivens.

Leptoscyphus interruptus.
Scapania umbrosa.

S. curta.

Jungermannia crenulata.
Nardia sphacelata.
Lunularia cruciata.
Anthoceros punctatus.

:894“95-l

143

ADDITIONS TO COUNTY ANTRIM.

Oligotriehum incurvum.
Pottia Starlcei.
Anisothecium crispum.
Webei'a sessilis.

Grimmia trichophylla.

G. Hartmani.
Orthotrichum stramineum.
Tetraplodon bryoides.
Funaria obtusa.

Mnium cuspidatum.

M. riparium.

Hypnum heteropterum.

H. Borren.

Sphagnum Austini.

S. tenellum.

S. intermedium.

Frullania fragillifolia.
Lejeunea microscopica.

L. calcar ea.

L. patens.

L. Mackaii.

Pleurozia purpurea.
Odontoschisma sphagni.
Trichocolea tomentella.
Plagiochila tridenticulata.
Jungermannia pumila.
Nardia hyalina.

Cesia crenulata.

Lunularia cruciata.

The only additions to County Derry are Polytrichum urnigerum, Pottia
Heimii , Tortula princeps, Mollia inclinata , Bryum ventricosum and Sphagnum
subsecundum var. obesum. Several named varieties are also added to preceding
counties.

In the systematic list which follows, the authors have personally examined
specimens of the greater portion of the plants recorded, and have taken pains
to satisfy themselves of the correctness of the remainder. In the case of
critical plants, the opinion of an authority has in all cases been obtained and
followed. All plants concerning the identity of which there was any doubt,
have been omittted; a number of records of Rubi are held over for this reason.
The sequence and nomenclature of Flora have been followed throughout for
sake of uniformity, except in those critical genera where the greatly extended
knowledge w hich now prevails rendered it necessary to introduce the present
terminology— thus the Hieracia are arranged and named according to Mr.
Hanbury’s list in Journal of Botany , July 1894, and Rev. Moyle Rogers has
kindly revised our Rubus list so as to bring it into accordance with the ninth
edition of London Catalogue.

We have to acknowledge gratefully assistance received in their special
departments from Mr. J. G. Baker, Mr. Arthur Bennett, Monsieur Crepin,
Messrs H. and J. Groves, Mr. F. J. Hanbury, and Rev. W. Moyle Rogers; to
all of whom, as well as the various local botanists who have contributed, our
best thanks are due.

For the editing of the Phanerogamia , and Cryptogamia as far as the end of
Characece, R.L1.P. is responsible; S.A.S. is accountable for the Musei and
Hepaticae.

\bth May , 1895.

144

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

ABBREVIATIONS.

Herb. D.M. — Herbarium of Dr. David Moore, now in Dublin Science and Art
Museum.

Hart R.I.A. — H. C. Hart : Plants of some of the Mountain Ranges of Ireland.
Proc. Royal Irish Academy , 1884. The one or two references to Mr.
Hart’s subsequent report on the Mountain Plants of Ireland are dis-
tinguished by the date 1891.

Lett R.I.A. — Rev. H. W. Lett : Report on the Mosses, &c.,of the Moume Moun-
tain district, Proc. Royal Irish Academy , 1890.

S. & P. — Stewart and Praeger : Report on the Botany of the Moume Mountains,
Proc. Royal Irish Academy , 1892.

B.N.F.C. — Proceedings of the Belfast Naturalists' Field Club.

B. E.C. — Botanical Exchange Club Report.

Journ. Bot. — Journal of Botany .

I. N.— Irish Naturalist.

Shoolbred I.N. — W. A. Shoolbred, “A Botanical Trip to Co. Antrim,” Irish
Naturalist, 1894.

Groves I.N.— H. & J. Groves, “ The Distribution of the C haracece in Ireland,”
Irish Naturalist, 1895.

H W.L. — Rev. H. W. Lett, M.A.

C. H.W.— Rev. C. H. Waddell, B.D.

S.A.S. — Samuel Alexander Stewart.

R.L1.P. — R. Lloyd Praeger.

«894-95-]

145

PH ANEROGAMI A.

RASTUWCUIACEJE.

Thalictrum minus L., yar. (3 T. montanum Wallr. 300 — 1600 feet.

Down — Pigeon Bock Mountain and Cove Mountain, S. & P.

T. flavum L.

Antrim — Langford Lodge, E.L1.P.

Ranunculus tricbophyllus Chaix.

Down — Lough. Leagh (E.L1.P.), B.F.F.C. 1891-2. Ditches below
Newtownards, and pool on Conlig Hill, E.L1.P.

Antrim — Stoneyford Eeservoir, E.L1.P.

R. heterophyllus Fries.

Down — Magheralin, C.H.W. Ditches near Crawfordsburn and Helen’s
Tower, E.L1.P. “ Moneyreagh Eiver, ” printed in some copies of

Flora , should he ‘ ‘ Money caragh Eiver.”

R. Baudotii Godr. The plant recorded from Saintfield under this name in

Watson B.E.C. Report 1893-94, is transferred to R. peltatus.

R. floribundus Bah. Specimens from Clandehoye lower lake have been

doubtfully placed under this form by A. Bennett in Watson B.E.C.

Report 1891-2. Further investigation is required.

R. penicillatus Dum.

Antrim— Abundant in Main E. from Eandalstown to Lough Neagh, and
in Braid E. at Ballymena, E.L1.P.

R. peltatus Fries.

Down— Greencastle, Lisnacree, and Lough Island Eeavy, S. & P.
Common in the county,
var. truncatus Hiern.

Down — Ballyagherty near Saintfield, C.H.W. , Watson B.E.C. 1893-4
Lough Mann, C.H.W.

R. circinatus Sihth.

Down — In the Lagan Canal close to its junction with Lough Neagh,
E.L1.P., B.N.F.C. 1892-3. An important extension of range.

146

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

R. hederaceus L. 0 — 1000 feet in tlie Moumes, S. 8c P.

R. flammula L. Ascends to 1700 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.
var. p pseudo-reptans Syme.

Down — Near Hilltown, S. & P.

R. lingua L.

Down— North side of Pollramer Lough, Richd. Hanna. Marshes south
of Ballydugan Lake, R.L1.P.

Derry — Near Dungiven, Mrs. Leebody.

R. aurlcomus L.

Down — Rostrevor, S. & P. Glen at Knocknagoney near Holywood,

R. L1.P.

Antrim — Cushendall, Herb. D.M. Glendun, S. A. Brenan. Stoneyford,
Crumlin, Langford Lodge, R.L1.P.

Derry — Near Bellarena, Mrs. Leebody.

R. acris L. Ascends to 2450 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.
var. p R. tomophyllus Jord.

Down — Near 'Warrenpoint, S. & P. Perhaps frequent in the district.

R. repens L. Ascends to 1300 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.

Aquilegia vulgaris L.

Down — By the Shimna Riyernear Newcastle, apparently well established,

S. & P. It grows here on rough heathy ground, at a distance
from any house, and has increased during the last ten years, R.L1.P.

NYMPHiEACES.

Nympbsea alba L.

Down — In almost every lake and pond.

Derry — Lakelets near Kilrea, and abundant in Killelagh Lough above
Maghera, R.L1.P.

PAPAVERACEJE.

Papaver hybridum L.

Down — Roadside half-way between Killough and Ardglass, R.L1.P.,
B.N.F.C. 1892-3.

i894-95-]

147

P. rhoeas L.

Dawn — Ardglass, S.A.S.

Derry— Fields near Magilligan railway station, R.L1.P.

The plant is still abundant at its old stations, Killough Bay and Lisburn.

[P. somniferum L.

Down — Abundant in field near Rostrevor, S. & P.]

Meconopsis cambrica (Linn.) Vig.

Down — Ascends to 1300 feet at Rostrevor, S. & P. It ranges up and
down the valley for several hundred feet, being abundant at one
spot.

Derry— Magilligan braes, S. A. Brenan.

Crlaucium flavum Crantz.

Down — Mill Bay in Carlingford Lough, Leestone near Kilkeel, and re-
found in Templeton’s station “ 5 miles south of Newcastle ” (Glas-
drumman), S. & P.

FUraAmACKJE.

Fumarla capreolata L. var. a F. pallidiflora Jord.

Common in Down and Antrim. Derry distribution not yet worked out.

var. 8 F. muralis Sonder.

Down— Saintfield, C.H.W. ; Watson B.E.C. Report 1893-4.

F. officinalis L.

Frequent throughout Down and Antrim.

CSSITCIFERJE.

Cheiranthus cheiri L.

May fairly be reckoned as a naturalized plant in certain stations in the
district, as ancient buildings at Quoile Castle, Carrickfergus Castle,
and Larne.

Nasturtium palustre (Willd.) DC.

Down — Rostrevor and Narrow- Water, S. & P. Crossgar, R.L1.P.
Antrim — Glendun, Sboolbred I.N. Busbfoot, R.L1.P.

Barbarea vulgaris R.Br.

Down — Frequent in the Mourne district, S. & P. Crawfordsbum,
Newtownards, Ballygowan, Downpatrick, R.L1.P.

Derry — Kilrea and Bellarena, Mrs. Leebody.

148

[Appendix B.N.F.C-',

B. Intermedia Bor.

Down — Moygannon, Rostrevor, Killowen, Newcastle, S. & P. Scrabo
and Conlig, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Stoneyford, R.L1.P.

Derry— Kilrea, Mrs. Leebody.

[B. prsecox R.Br.

Down — Cultivated ground at Struell wells near Downpatrick, R.L1.P.,
B.N.F.C. 1892-3.]

Arabis hirsuta (L.) R.Br.

Antrim— Tievebulliagb Mountain, S. A. Brenan.

Derry — Still plentiful in sandy fields and on sandhills at Magilligan,
Mrs. Leebody, also R.L1.P.

In Herb. D.M. is a note recording this plant from Cave Hill, Knockagh, and

Torr Head, but we fear some mistake was made, as the plant has never been seen

by any other botanist in these well-known places.

Cardamine amara L.

Down— Abundant at the “Witch Hole” on the Lagan at Glenmore
near Lisburn, J. H. Davies; S.A.S., I.N. 1894.

Sisymbrium thalianum (L.) Gaud.

Antrim — Wall-tops about Larne, Herb. D.M. Cushendun, S. A. Brenan.

Derry— Near Derry City, Mrs Leebody. Magilligan and Castlerock,
R.L1.P.

S. alii aria L.

Down — Scarva Glen, H. W. Lett.

Antrim — Magheragall near Lisburn, and Altmore Glen, R.L1.P.

[Erysimum cbeirantboides L.

Antrim — Wheat-field and roadside between Ballinderry and ‘Lisburn,
Herb. D.M.]

Sinapis alba L.

Down — Abundant in fields about Killowen, S. & P. Ardglass (R.L1.P.),
B.N.F.C. 1892-3.

Draba incana L.

Derry — Magilligan sandhills, small and not abundant, Mrs. Leebody,
1890. Abundant and fine on sand-dunes a mile N.E. of Magilligan
railway station, R.L1.P., 1894. Still occurs sparingly on Benevenagh
cliffs.

894-95.]

H9

D. verna L.

Down— Ballywalter and Ardglass, Templeton MSS. Saintfield, C.H W
Antrim— Roadside near Stoneyford, R.L1.P.

Cochlearla danica L.

Down-HentiM from Warrenpoint to Greencastle, and at Annalong,
Antrim— On limestone rocks, White Park, Herb D M

De^eSl:reSetkLlt°dy- °— by Ba“

[Camelina sativa L.

Down-Newtownards, E. F. I.inton, 1871, Herb. F. J. Hanbury.
An%^an!aE.Ll1pS’ Br0ughshane> Herb- Canon Grainger. Lame
Derry— Magilligan, Herb. D.M. Among flax above Garvagh, B.L1.P.]

Thlaspl arvense L.

Down— Abundant in fields at Killowen, S. & P.

Iiepldium campestre (L.) R. Br.

Down — Fields at Killowen, S. & P.

Antrim— Ram’s Island, H.W.L.

I.. Smitbii (L.) Hook.

Antrim — Glenravel, R.L1.P.

Derry— Kilrea and Garvagh, Mrs. Leebody.

Senebiera coronopus (Gaert.) Poir.

Down— Rostrevor, Killowen, Kilkeel, Annalong, S. & P.

[S. didyma Pers.

Down — Killougb, C.H.W. Railway at Dundrum, S.A.S.

Antrim — Giant’s Causeway, Miss Knowles.

Derry— Portstewart, Mrs. Leebody.

Apparently increasing in Ireland, and spreading northward.]

Cakile maritima Scop.

Antrim— Beach at Ballintoy, R. Brown ; J. Britten, Journ. Bot. 1888,

150

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

Raphanus raphanistrum L. Dundonald, Ballykinler

Down- Frequent in Monrne district, S. & P. Dundonaia, ua y

Dundrum, E.L1.P - --

Anto-wot in " cornfields tough the county, Herb. D.M.
Rathlin Island, It. L1.P.

Rathlin Island, i a. r . , p ti p

Derry — TJpperlands, Kilrea, Garragh, and Bann moutli, R.L . .

». maritimus Sm. and plentiful torn Killough

Down— Store near Ballywa > • j [894. Cranfieid coast -

to St. John’s Point, S.A.S. , S.A.&., ± .*•
guard Station, S. & P-

RESEDACE51.

Reseda lutea L. Certainly naturalised at Ballycastle, and probably at
Magheramome also.

VIOLA-CEJE.

, eaic T To 1350 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.
Vi0laDoClFre4uentmtbe Moume district, S. & P. Near Loughbrickland,
H.W.L.

Anto-Cmamon on the hills and bogs ; many stations might be given.
V. sylvatlca Fries. Ascends to 2796 feet. Hart X.I.A

V- -Sbores'of SJ ^nTCi^atord, and Bloody Bridge,

Antrbn— Cusbmidm^^boolbred' I.N. Barn’s Island, Busbfoot, BaBy-
Derry-Kilrea^Mrs. Leebody. Common about the Bann mouth, E. Ll.P.

V. lutea Huds., var. p V. Curtlsll Forst.

Down— Margin of Castlewellan Lake, S. & P_
Antrim— Cushendun, Ballycastle, Bushfoot, E.L1.P.

SROSERACES.

Drosera rotundlfolia L. To 1550 feet in the Moumes, Hart B.I.A. To
1450 feet there, S. & P-

1894-95.]

I5I

intermedia Hayne.

D°™7C® Bridge “T UVame ft^T \Sgy "

same place, S. & P. 6 stream’ and m marshes S.W. of

The vague record in Irish Flora is thus verified Th;*
to have been known to Templeton, who writes (MSS Wm,ld appear

Stalk scarcely longer than the hires lansule c™/ i AU Dros«a Iongifolia.
m great abundance along with D. rotundifolia and hl tbree salved ; found

the head of Kilkeel River, Mourne Mountains, August ^fth^USS
noted that we did not find I), analica there or eliww ’ •!' 3.Tt must be
another note, after accurately describing D ' analica 1 ? tb° .dlstnct- In
common on most of our bogs B Sfnli'n T l ’ Tfmpleto ? wntes - this is
watery hog at the head of liikefl °n the

B. angllca Huds.

****** Herb.

Derrr0tI '°bWland 1°™““’ thrWout northern AnWm^E.uT ’

coirne- K- Br°™; j-

Garyagh, and on the Lrgin of I?ear1K:ilrea a“d

Mountains, R.L1.P. S 0Ugh 0uske ln th« Sperrin

POlYGAlACEa.

Polygala vulgaris L. To 2394 feet in the Moumes, S &P

Tar' do!: rrra wfe- To 1720 feet in s. & p

Down-In the Moumes, but not common, S. & p. BaUygowan R LI P
Antrim Common on the north Antrim coast, Shoolbred 1.1V.

var. y P. g-randiflora Bah.

Derry— Still sparingly on Benevenagh (R.LI.P.) B.JST.F.C. 1892-3.

„ ELATIWACEJE,

B. nydropiper L.

D°™:“l890-Le n0rttend °f L0USh BricUand' =• "-L. ; K-L1.P.,

The record 11 Near Belfast, Dr Mafppr ” f winv ttj + \ s.
to he correct, as shown by a large series of Lf ^0 tu™s °ut unexpectedly
the iate Dr. Boswell, now in possession of Mr. F TH^nbur^ tmeh^erbarlum of
which have been examined by R LI P hear tfip fr 7' Tb? specimens,
mark, Co. Antrim CoU aI fli if label L Lagan Canal near h. tide
were, no doubt, intended for' cLribution through Z BotenicAE^h’’

It appears improbable that the plant still survives fn^is 8faf!nEXCha?nge °lub*
is now impure, and attempts to refind it have failed ’ ^ b® Water

152

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

CARIOPHTIIACSa:.

^SaP°Domi-Bloody Bridge, S. & P. Mountstewart and Hillsborough, B.L1.P
Antrim— Portballantrae, B Ll.P.]

Silene anglica L. _ « * P

Down— By the Annalong Eiver, Hart Jt.I.A. Hdltown, S. & P.

Derry Still abundant at Magilligan, Mrs. Leebody, and B.L1.P.

S. inflata Smith. _ ^ « v

Down— Frequent in the Mourne district, S. & P. Dundonald, Conhg

Hill, Ballynahinch, B L1.P.

Antrim-Shore of Lough Neagh at Shane’s Castle, Herb. D.M.
Basharirin, B.L1.P.

S. maritlma With. . , ,AA

Down-Abundant on Conlig Hill, some miles from the sea, at 400-500

feet elevation, B.L1.P .

S. noctiflora L.

Down— At Holywood, but only as a casual ; not seen for some years on
Bough Island ; seems to he uncertain in its appearance, B.L1.P.

TS. dicbotoma Ehrh. ^

Down— Abundant in several corn-fields between Saintfield and Crossgar.
D0WD. BeLond, also C.H.W., 1894. A plant of southern Europe,
introduced with seed, apparently not hitherto observed m Ireland.]

Lychnis vespertina Sibth.

Down— Fields between Downpatrick and Strangford, B.N.F.C. , 1893-4.

li. diurna Sibth. , ^

Antrim— Plentiful about Cullybackey, Miss Knowles. Shane s Castle,

B.L1.P.

Xu ffitbago L.

Down — Maggie’s Leap and Killowen, S. & P.

Derry— Fields at Bann mouth, B.L1.P.

Sacina ape tala L. ,

Down — Warrenpoint, S. & P. Comber, Saintfield, Tullymurry, an
near Pointzpass, B.L1.P.

**94-95-]

153

Antrim— Whitehead, R.L1.P.

Derry— Walls at Magilligan railway station, R.L1.P.

S. cillata Fries.

Down — Sandhills at Newcastle, S. & P.

S. maritima Don.

Newcastle- S- & P' Donaghadee and Mahee
6’ E' Br0W“ ; J‘ Britte“’ J°Urn ' B0L> 1888'

S. nodosa (L.) E. Meyer.

Do™-d"r^uigtsii7PWater- s- & p- “ Park
De^“qU' 3ECrEMLLp!igan and *“ m°Uth> MrS- Leei°dy>

Arenaria verna L.

Antrim — Glenariff, Shoolbred I.N. Scawt Hill, R.L1.P.

A. trinervia L.

Down— Rostrevor, and about Tollymore Park, S. & P.
Antrim— Glenarm, Herb. D.M. Ram’s Island, H.W.L.

Rallycastle and White Park (R.L1.P.), B.N.I.C. , 1892-3.
Derry— Dungiven, and near Limavady, Mrs. Leebody.

A. serpyllifolia L.

Down— Rockport and Downpatrick, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Cushendall, Herb. D.M. Near Antrim, D. Redmond
head, Cushendall, Bushfoot, R.L1.P.

Between

White-

Stellaria ulig-inosa Murr. Ascends to 2450 feet, S. & P.

Cerastium triviale Link. yar. p. c. bolosteoides Fries.

Derry— Abundant in meadows on the south side of the Bann below the

S^SinatXrfe’ MrS- A -

C. tetrandrum Curtis.

Down— Rostrevor and Killowen, S. & P. Kirkiston, C.H.W. Rock-
port, ix. LI. Jr .

AntnE Li1?*1111 Mand’ K’U-P-> 1889-90. Cushendun,

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

154

Derry— Benbradagh, Mrs. Leebody.

Spergularia rubra (L.) Pers.

Down — Abundant on the shores of Lougb Island Heavy , S. & P.

8. salina Presl.

Derry— Near Limavady Junction, Mrs. Leebody.

Sclerantbus animus L.

D0wn —Frequent in the Moume district, S. & P.
Derry — Near Kilrea, R.L1.P.

MALVACEJE.

XVXalva moscliata L.

Down— Loughbrickland, H.W.L., I.N., 1893. Tullyveery near Saint-
field, C.H.W. Between Dundonald and Comber, and near
Tullymurry, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Shane’s Castle deer-park, Herb. D.M.

M. rotundifolia L.

Down— Frequent from Killowen to Seafield, S. & P.

Xiaratera arborea L.

Antrim— “ On the Shore at Ballantoy and grows also in the Sheep Island
about i mile from the Ballantoy shore; Sept., 1797,” R. Brown.
Still grows on Sheep Island, S. A. Brenan. Summit of Stackams-
kan, an isolated sea-stack at western end of Rathlin Island, R.L1.F.,
I.N., 1893.

We have no doubt that the plant is truly wild in these inaccessible maritime
situations.

HYPlKICACEiE.

Hypericum androssemum L.

Antrim - Cully backey, Miss Knowles. Magheragall near Lisburn,
Cairncastle, Cushendall, Fair Head, R.L1.P.

Derry— Maghera, Kilrea, and Garvagh, R.L1.P.

H. perforatum L.

Down— Near Newry, H.W.L. Tullymurry, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Ram’s Island, R.L1.P.

Derry — Eglinton, Mrs. Leebody. Kilrea, R.L1.P.

*894-95-]

155

H. quadrang'ulum L. (Ex. p.). yar. p H. macnlatum Bab.

Down— By the Lagan Canal two miles above Lisburn, Bichd. Hanna.
Abundant by the Lagan Canal close to Lough Neagh, H.W.L. and
L.M. W . Near Manno railway station, ft. Ll.P.

Antrim— Glenmore near Lisburn ( J . H. Davies), B.N.F.G. 1892-3.

H. humifusum L. To 800 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

D0WErJpqUent ^ ^ Mournes’ S‘ & P- Scrabo and Ballynahinch,

H. pulchrum L. To 2000 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

H. elodes Huds. To 650 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

D°wn-Several stations near Bryansford, Castlewellan, and Kilkeel,

Derry— Ballyamott raee-course, Mrs. Leebody ; S.A.S., I.N. 1894.

GERANIACEjE.

[Geranium striatum L.

Down— Abundant in a lane near Comber, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Near Ballinderry, W. D. Donnan.]

G‘ sylTa*lcun? f1- R.L1.P. considers that Marino, where this plant grew
(but suspiciously near a garden) until some ten years ago, was probably
the “Holy wood r station of Flor. JJlst.

The localities “ Glenarm deerpark, and glen above Milltown at Cairn-
castle, given m Flor. N.E.I. for G. pratense, belong to G. sybaticum.
ike range of these two plants in Antrim (and in Ireland) is thus seen to
e very limited and well-defined, G. sybaticum being confined to a few
square miles m the vicinity of Glenarm, on the east coast of Antrim,
wkile G. pratense is found along the north coast from Portrush to Bally-
castle, a distance of some twenty miles.

*■ JhrfjKAz"4 “ Ireland by TemPlet0n’ «* b7 M°ore> as

The Glenarm and Caimcastle stations of Flora are transferred to G.

G. perenne Huds.

Down— Roadside near Castle Espie, C.H.W.

Antrim— Roadside near Whitewell quarries on Cave Hill, W. D. Donnan ■
R.L1.P., B.N.F.G. 1892-3.

G. lucidum L.

Antrm-Torr Head, Herb. D.M. Glenariff, Shoolbred I.K. Antrim,
w b .Smith. Scawt Hill, and lake-shore west of Shane’s Castle,
xt.Ll.P.

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

156

Erodium cicutarium L’Herit. 0 — 1200 feet.

Down — Abundant on the Mourne coast-line; also at Bryansford and
Castlewellan, 2 and 4 miles from the sea, S. & P. Holy wood Hills,
in fields at 400 feet, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Larne, Cushendun, White Park Bay, E.L1.P.

Derry— Summit and base of Benevenagh cliffs, B.N.F.C. 1892-3. The
plant grows here at an elevation of 800—1200 feet, associated with
Silene acaulis , S. maritima , Dryas octopetala, Salix herbacea, and
other alpines.

E. moschatum L’Herit.

Down —Annalong, Hart R.I.A ; and subsequently, S &P Waste
ground south of Killough, Bichd. Hanna , S.A.S., I.N. 1894.

Eohert Brown, in the MS. referred to in the Introduction, notes tins species as
“ growing abundantly at the west end of the suburbs of Londonderry, Sept.
29th, 1795,” and “ near Carrickfergus, July, 1797- _ It has not been found in

either of these stations by any recent observer, and it seems probable that A.
cicutarium was the plant seen.

E. maritimum L’Herit.

Down— Abundant at Ballykinler, R.L1.P. Still at KirHston, C.H.W.

LIWA CE2E.

and at Causeway

Radiola linoldes (L.) Gmel.

Down— »

Water, S. & P.

Antrim — Abundant on Bushfoot sandhills, R.L1.P.

CEEASTRACEJE.

Euonymus europaeus L.

Down— Warrenpoint, Annalong, Newcastle, S. & P. Lough Leagh and
Castle Espie, C.H.W. Near Ballynahmch, Eichd. Hanna. Near
Hillsborough, S.A.S. Clough and Killyleagh, E.L1.P.

Antrim-Muckamore Glen (R.L1.P.) B.N.F.C. 1893-4. Cullybackey,
Miss Knowles. Basharkin, S. A. Brenan.

RBAMTSTACEJE.

Rhamnus catharticus L.

Antrim— Abundant on the shore of Lough Neagh at the place called the
Selchin, Parish of Glenavy, Herb. D.M. Thrs is another L°ugh
Neagh record of a shrub that seems now quite lost through drainage.

i894-95-J

157

Templeton notes this plant (MSS.)
Carrickfergus, June 30th, 1804.”
as it was formerly a notable plant,
It has not been found there since.

*‘in a hedge about 2 miles beyond
It may have been planted there,
being much used medicinally.

R. frangula L.

Antrim— Bushy places near the River Main in Shane’s Castle Park,
Prof. R. 0. Cunningham ; R.L1.P., B.N.F.C. 1890-1. The only
recent record of this species.

XiRGUBXXCTOSJE.

Ulex europaeus L. Rises in the Mournes to 820 feet, Hart R.I.A. ; to 800
feet, S. & P. ’

TT. Gallii Planch. Upper limit in the Mournes 1600 feet, Hart R.I.A • 1500
feet, S. & P. ; at 1650 feet on Slieve Rearnagh, R.L1.P.

Down — Aghaderg parish, H.W.L.

Sarotbamnus scoparius L. To 800 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Ononis repens L.

D°W?^TSf^ & P' MarPn o£ Lough Leagh

(R.L1.P.), B.N.F.C. 1891-2. Iield at Loughbrickland, H.W.L.8

Derry— Benone at Magilligan, sparingly, Mrs. Leebody.

var. p horrida Lange.

Down — Sandy shore at Ardglass, C.H.W.

O. spinosali. has not been re-found in Co. Down, and was, no doubt a
casual, S.A.S. ’

Medicago lupulina L.

Down-Common in the Mourne district, S. & P. Conlig, Ballykinler
Tullymurry, Killowen, R.L1.P. 3 ’

Antrim Ballycastle, Redbay, Shane’s Castle, Portmore, Whitehead
Cave Hill, R.L1.P. ’

[M. sativa L.

Down— Fields at Cultra and Craigavad, R.L1.P.]

[Melilotus officinalis Willd.

Antrim— Glenariif, Shoolbred /.Ah]

158

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

1 VL. arvensis W.

Antrim — Still abundant at several places between Kilroot and Larne, as
it has been for the last 25 years, and may fairly be considered
naturalized here.

[IVT. parviflorus Lam.

Antrim — Waste ground, Duncrue St., Belfast, R.L1.P.]

Trifolium medium L.

Antrim— Throughout the county ; many localities might be added.
Derry -Railway banks between Coleraine and Castlerock, R.L1.P.

T. arvense L.

Down — Ballykinler sands, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Carrickfergus, Cushendall, Ballycastle, Herb. D.M.

T. hybridum L. Frequent in sandy cultivated fields and waste ground, and
thoroughly established as a colonist, S.A.S., I.N., 1894.

Down and Antrim— Frequent.

Derry -Kilrea, and sandy fields at Bann mouth, B.L1.P.

[T. resupinatum L.

Down— Saintfield, C.H.W.]

T. procumbens L.

Down — Frequent in Mourne district, S. & P. Shore-line below Holy-
wood, and Ballykinler, B.L1.P.

Antrim -Cushendall, Herb. D.M. Glenarm, R.L1.P.

Derry — Eglinton, Mrs. Leebody.

lotus corniculatus L. To 1200 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.
var. y 1. crassifolius Pers.

Derry— Bosses Bay on the Foyle, Mrs. Leebody.

1. pilosus Beeke. To 1150 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Down-Magheralin and Saintfield, C.H.W. Loughinisland, B.L1.P.
Antrim— Glenariff, Shoolbred l.N. Ballymena, and plentiful at Eacavan,
Miss Knowles. Cushendun, S.A. Brenan. Mazetown, and Caim-
castle, S.A.S. Basharkin, B.L1.P.

Derry— Frequent in North Derry, Mrs. Leebody. Kilrea, Garvag ,
Maghera, and Coleraine, R.L1.P.

i894-95-]

iS9

Vlca sylvatica L.

Down—Bimka by the sea near Bloody Bridge, but not found elsewhere
in Mourne district, S. & P. In a quarry by the railway north of
Dundrum, plentiful, R.L1.P.

Antrim— A var. with pure white flowers on limestone rocks between
Larne and Glynn, Herb. D.M. Upper part of Colin Glen, and by
the railway between Lambeg and Dunmurry, J. H. Davies. Glenariff,
Sboolbred I.N. Altmore and Culraney, R.L1.P.

V. orobus] (L ) DC Not found at Rostrevor (see Mali Syn. ed. II and
Ffora N.E.I.) by S & P. Sherard’s plant may have been V. sylvatica,
which Templeton found there. The specimens in the Sherardian
herbarium at Oxford do not settle the question.

V. sepium L A white-flowered variety grows about Glenmore near Lisburn
(J. H. Davies) and at Marino (R.L1.P).

V. ang-ustlfolia Roth.

in Mourne district, S. & P. Kirkiston, C.H.W
Killy leagb, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Rallycastle and Cusbendun, Herb. D.M. Whitehead and
Rasbarkin, R.L1.P.

Down — Frequent
Greypoint and

V. lathyroides L.

Down — Ballymacormick Point, R.L1.P.
Antrim — Cusbendun, S. A. Brenan.
Derry— Still at Magilligan, Mrs. Leebody.

Lathyrus macrorrhizus Wimm. To 1,000 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.
var. (3. I,, tenuifolius Roth.

Down — Rostrevor, S & P.

ROSACEiE.

Prunus communis L. To 1,000 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

P. insititia L. May fairly be considered as naturalized in the district.

P. padus L.

Antrim — Refound in Glenshesk, Sboolbred I.N.

P. avium L.

Derry — Walworth Wood near Londonderry, Mrs Leebody.

i6o

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

P. cerasus L.

Down — Crawfordsburn, Clandeboye demesne, and ^Annalong, R.L1.P.,
B.N.F.C. 1890-1. Near Crossgar and Downpatrick, R.L1.P.,
B.N.F.C. 1892-3.

Antrim — N ear C arnmoney church , plant ed , S . A . S . Bally castle , R.L1.P .,
B.N.F.C. 1892-3. Glendun, and Bashar kin, R.L1.P.

Derry — Near Draperstown, R.L1.P., B.N.F.C. 1892-3.

Not unfrequent, and although no doubt planted in some of its stations, in
others appears naturalized.

Sanguisorba officinalis L.

Down— Refound near Donaghadee, growing abundantly and luxuriantly
on a railway bank, J H. Davies ; S.A.S., I.N. 1894.

Poterium sanguisorba L.

Antrim — Abundant in a meadow at Glenmore near Lisburn, J. H.
Davies, I.N. 1892. The late Mr. More inclined to the view that it
had been introduced in this station. It has continued abundant during
the three years it has been under observation, but is apparently
confined to one meadow. The geological formation is New Red
Sandstone, but the Chalk is not far away.

Agrimonia eupatoria L.

Down — Killowen, S. & P. Anadroghal near Lough Neagh, H.W.L.
and C.H.W. Near Greypoint, Ballykinler, and Tullymurry, R.L1. P.

Antrim — Very frequent.

Derry — Kilrea and Magilligan, Mrs. Leebody.

A. odorata Mill.

Down — Roadside near Steamboat quay, Downpatrick, R.L1.P., B.N.F.C.
1892-3.

Antrim — Glendun, Shoolbred I.N.

Alchemllla vulgaris L. To 1500 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.
var p A. minor Huds.

Down — Scrabo Hill, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Binnagee near Carnlough, W. D. Donnan. Knockagh and
Dunloy, R.L1.P.

The recent paper by Rev. E. F. Linton on British forms of Alchemilla
vulgaris ( Journ . Bot., April, 1895), and an examination of local specimens
kindly made by that botanist, show that the above nomenclature needs revision.
What was treated as type in Flora should now be quoted as var. A. alpettns
Schmidt ; it is common in our district. The var. A. minor of Flora must now

*894-95*3

i6i

be called yar. A. filicaulis Buser; it is frequent on the basaltic plateau of Antrim
and Derry. . Restricted A. vulgaris L. {—A. pratensis Schmidt) probably occurs
in our district also, but has not yet been separated.

Potentilla reptans L.

Down — Rostreyor, Killowen, and Newcastle, S. & P. Holy wood and
Millisle, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Carrickfergus Junction, R.L1.P.

P. tormentilla Sibtb. var. |3 P. procumbens Sibth.

Down — Rostreyor and Newcastle, S. & P. Marino, R.L1 P ; S A S
I.N. 1894.

Antrim— Glenariff, Glendun, and Glenshesk, Sboolbred I.N. Area in
front of Belfast Museum, S.A.S., I.N. 1894.

Derry Sandy fields at Bann mouth, and frequent in Kilrea district

R.L1.P.

P. procumbens x tormentilla (P suberecta Zimmeter).

Down— Newtownbreda, 1849, Dr. Mateer ; E. S. Marshall, Journ. Pot
1894, and W. H. Purcbas, ibid .

Antrim — Glenshesk {fide Marshall), Shoolhred I.N.

Rubus ldaeus L. To 1,400 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.

R. suberectus Anders.

Down— Margin of Castlewellan Lake, S.A.S., P.JE.C. Peport 1893.
This is the plant which is recorded as P. ammobius by S. & P., on
the authority of Prof. Babington. Dr. Focke, the describer of the
latter species, has examined our plant, and places it under P.
suberectus.

R. pH cat us W. & N.

Down— Aughnadarragh near Saintfield, C.H.W.

R. Rogrersil Linton.

Down— Old hog in Saintfield demesne, and boggy ground by Aughna-
darragh Lake near Saintfield, C.H.W.

R. nltldus W. & N.

D°W?7~Margin °f Altnadua La1«b S. & P. (as var. hamulosus, which
Mr. Rogers remarks appears to be exactly typical nitidus).

R. carpinifolius W. & N.

Down— Newcastle and Moygannon Glen, S. & P. Loughbrickland,

H.W.L.

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

162

R. Iiindleianus Lees.

Down — Two stations in Aghaderg parish, H.W.L.

Antrim — Glenariff and Glendun, Shoolbred I.N.

Derry — Ballinderry, S. A. Brenan, Journ. Bot. 1895.

R. erythrinus Genev.

Derry — Ballinderry, S. A. Brenan, Journ Bot. 1895.

R. rhamnifolius W. & N. (Sp. collect.)

Down — Between Belfast and Holywood, J. Ball ; W. 0. Focke, Journ.
Bot. 1891. Between Ballyvarley and Gilford, H.W.L. Castle-
wellan Park, S.A.S.

Antrim— Glenariff and Glendun, Shoolbred I.N. Caimcastle, S.A.S.
Derry — Magilligan, ,T. Ball; W. 0. Focke, Journ. Bot. 1891.

S. A. Brenan’s Ballinderry record in Journ. Bot. 1895 is doubtful.

R. nemoralis P. J. Muell. (Genev. non Bab.)

Down — By the White water at Donard Lodge, S. & P. (as macro-
phyllus var. umbrosus Arr.)

var. b. glabratus Bab.

Down — By Ghann River, S. & P. (as R. macrophyllus var. glabratus
Bab.)

R. pulcherrimus Xeum.

Down — Lisdalgan near Saintfield, C.H.W. ; S.A.S., I.N. 1894. Ballin-
taggart in Aghaderg parish, H.W.L. By Castlewellan Lake, S.A.S.
Antrim — Cave Hill, Glenariff, Glendun, and between Cushendall and
Knocknacarry, Shoolbred I.N.

Derry — Ballinderry, S. A. Brenan, Journ. Bot. 1895.

It. Muenteri Marss.

Antrim — Colin Glen, J. Ball ; W. 0. Focke, Journ. Bot. 1891.

Mr. Rogers considers that this form cannot as yet be included in British lists.

R. villicaulls Koehl.

Antrim — Glenariff and Glendun, Shoolbred I.N.

Derry — Ballinderry, S. A. Brenan, Journ. Bot. 1895.

var. b. Selmerl (Lindeb.)

Down — Saintfield, C.H.W., I.N. 1894. Between Scarva and Gilford,
and at Dromorebreague in Aghaderg parish, H.W.L. Drumeronear
Magheralin, C.H.W.

*894-95-]

1*3

Antrim— Glendun, Shoolbred l.N.

Derry — Ballinderry, S. A. Brenan, Journ. Bot. 1895.

R. gratus Focke.

Antrim — Glendun, H.W.L.

Derry— Ballinderry, S. A. Brenan, Journ. Bot. 1895.

R. pubescens Weihe. (Sp. collect.)

Down — Carrickmannan near Saintfield, C.H.W.

R. silvaticus W. & N.

Down— Between Milltown and Clonallen, H.W.L. Saintfield, C.H.W.

R. macrophyllus W. & N.

Down --White Water, Altnadua Lake, and Tollymore Park, S. & P.

Saintfield, C.H.W. Agbaderg parish and Hillsborough, H.W.L.
Derry — Ballinderry, S. A. Brenan, Journ. Bot. 1895.

var. b. R. Schlechtendalii (Weihe).

Down— Moygannon Glen, S. & P. Saintfield, C.H.W. Loughbrick-
land, H.W.L.

R. micans Gren. and Godr.

Derry— Ballinderry, S. A. Brenan, Journ. Bot. 1895.

R. pyramidalis Halt.

Down— Tollymore Park and Donard Lodge, S. & P. Saintfield. C.H.W.
Antrim — Glenariff, Shoolbred l.N.

R. leucostachys Scbleicb.

Antrim— Cave Hill, near Larne, Glenariff, Shoolbred l.N.

Derry— Ballinderry, S A. Brenan, Journ. Bot. 1895.

R. mucronatus Blox.

Down— Saintfield, C.H.W.

R. Gelertii Frider var. h. criniger Linton.

Down — Aghaderg glebe at Loughbrickland, H.W.L.

R. leyanus Rogers.

Down— Saintfield, C.H.W. ; Watson B.E.C. 1898-4 (as B. Brejeri).
“Very strong, and differing from the ordinary English plant.”— W.
M. Rogers.

164

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

R. radnla Weihe.

Down — Aghaderg glebe at Loughbrickland, H.W.L.

Antrim — Hedgerows near Larne, Sboolbred I.N.

Derry — Ballinderry, S. A. Brenan, Journ. Bot. 1895.

R. echinatus Lindl.

Antrim— Cave Hill, Glenariff, Glen dun, Sboolbred I.N.

R. rudis W. & N.

Down — Agbaderg glebe at Loughbrickland, H.W.L. “ Hardly typical,”
W. M. Rogers.

R. scaber W. & N.

Down — Aghaderg glebe at Loughbrickland, H.W.L. S. A. Brenan’s
Ballinderry record in Journ. Bot. 1895 is omitted as doubtful.

R. fuscus W. & N.

Down — Two stations in Aghaderg parish, H.W.L.

R. rosacens W. & N.

Down — Near Maralin, H.W.L. (“ var. near infecundus ,” W. M.
Rogers.)

var. b. R. hystrix (W. & N.)

Antrim — Glenariff, Shoolbred I.N.

R. Koehler! W. & N.

Down — Newcastle, S. & P.

Antrim Glenariff and Glendun, Shoolbred I.N.

var. b. R. pallldus Bab.

Down— Tollymore Park, S. & P. Saintfield, C.H.W ; S.A.S., I.N.
1894. Near Scarva and at Loughbrickland, H.W.L.

R. hirtus W. & K. var. c. R. Kaltenbachii Metsch.

Down — Ballintaggart in Aghaderg parish, H.W.L.

R. dumetorum W. & N.

Antrim — Cave Hill, and near Larne, Shoolbred I.N. Glendun, S. A.
Brenan, Journ. Bot. 1895.

var. b. R. diversilolius (Lindl.)

Down — Tn Aghaderg parish, H.W.L.

R. corylifolius Sm. Ascends to 1400 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.

1894-95*]

^5

a. R. sublustris (Lees.) Common,
yar. b. R. conjungrens (Bab.)

Antrim — Near Larne, Sboolbred I.N.

Many localities might be added.

R saxatiMs L. 800-2000 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Down-Frequent on the Mourne Mountains, S. & P.

Antrim— Knockagh, in fine fruit (R.L1.P.), B.N.F.G. 1892-3

Derry— Heathy places near Kilrea, R.L1.P.

R. cbamsemorug L.

Derry— A small patch on the Derry side of the county boundary on the
west side of Dart Mountain, H. O. Hart, Jowl. Sot. 1892 and
Hart and Barrington, I.N. 1892. A most interesting confirmation
of Prof. Murphy’s record ( Flora Hibernica). S mation

Geum Intermedium Ehr.

Antrim-Near Muckamore, (K.L1.P.), B.N.F.C. Excursion; I.N. 1893.

G. rivale L.

Down Decidedly rare in the county Absent from the Mourne district,
S. & P. Only obseryed m the glen at Holywood Waterworks,

in the Mournes— a remarkable

Rosa spimosissima L. To 2000 feet
elevation, S. & P.
yar. R. cipbiana Sibbald.

Derry— Magilhgan, Mrs. Leebody.

R. hibernica Sm. var. b. glabra, Baker.

Down— Tillysburn, S.A.S. M. Crepin places the Tillysbum plant
s: “ un ueu nnhpsnonfo ” rr,. —

He considers
spinosissima

under this variety, adding “ un peu pubescente.

U hibernica a hybrid— ft. pimpinellifolia x canina
x canina.

[R. pomifera Herm.

Antrim— Woods in Shane’s Castle Park, S.A.S.]

R. involuta Sm.

Down— Mountain roads about Hilltown (aggregate), S & P

Antrl>rG1™d'm (“form,” W. M. Rogers), S. A. Brenan. Top of
Cohn Glen Mora Belfastiemis (A. Sabini). This record was
considered doubtful, but a specimen gathered there by S A S in
1894 has been identified by M. Crepin. *

1 66 [Appendix B.N.F.C.,

var. E. SaUni -Woods. The Braid Valley plant recorded in I.J ., 1894, p.
221 is not R. Sabini ; nor can we be quite sure of the Hilltown plant of S. & .

r. mollissima Willd.

Down— Near Dundrum, by the Quoile at Downpatrick, and at Ballyna-
bincb, S.A.S.

Antrim — W aterloo near Lame (E.L1.P.), B.N.F.C 1890-1. Glendun
and Glensbesk, Sboolbred I.N. Rasharkin, and between Ballymena
and Brougbshane, R.L1.P.

Derry — Common near Kilrea weir, R.L1.P.

R. tomentosa Smith. To 980 feet in tbe Moumes, S. & P.
var. d. scabriuscula Sm.

Antrim— Near Cushendall, Sboolbred I.N

R. rubiglnosa L. . T n>

Down— Hilltown, S.A.S. Near Comber and Downpatrick, K.L1.P.
Antrim— Sbane’s Castle, Ram’s Island, Dervock, Rasbarkin, R.L1.P.
Derry— Frequent in North Derry, Mrs. Leebody. Portglenone, R.L1.P.

E. micrantha Smith. This species must be deleted from our flora. Tbe
Cusbendun plant has been finally decided to be R. rubigwosa.

R. canina L., var. a. lutetiana (Leman).

Down — Comber, S.A.S.

Antrim— Common in tbe glens, Sboolbred I.N. Lame and Caimcastle,
S.A.S.

var. e. dumalis (Becbst.)

Antrim— Common in tbe glens, Sboolbred I.N. Crumhn, Ballygilbert
north of Caimcastle, and near Belfast, S.A.S.
var. j. dumetorum (TbuiR.)

Down — Killowen, S.A.S.

Antrim — Mazetown, S.A.S.
var. n. tomentella (Leman).

Antrim— Colin Glen and Crow Glen, S.A.S.
var. w. subcristata Baker.

Antrim— Glendun, and sandy ground by tbe river in Glensbesk, Sbool-
bred I.N.

R. glauca Vill. . ,

Antrim— Near Belfast, and Waterloo near Lame, S.A.S. Determined
by M. Crepin.

894-95-]

1 67

R. arvensis Huds.

Down-South of Rostrevor, and near Bloody Bridge, S. & P. Between
Crossgar and Killyleagh (R.L1.P.), JB.N.F.G. 1891-2. Rademon,
Kilmore near Crossgar, and Saintfield, C.H.W. Loughinisland,
R.L1.P.

Antrim — Near Ballinderry, R.L1.P.
var. c. bibracteata (Bast.).

Antrim— Hedgerow near Cushendun, Shoolbred I.N.

Crataegus oxyacantha L. To 1000 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Pyrus malus L.

Down— Frequent in Mourne district, doubtfully native, S. & P.

Antrim — Frequent about Stoneyford, R.L1.P.

Derry— Bond’s Glen, Mrs. Leebody. Upperlands and Kilrea, R.L1.P.

P. aucuparia Gaert.

Antrim '-Ratblin Island, R.L1.P., JB.N.F.G. 1889-90.

P. aria (L.) Sm.

Antrim — Glendun, 1868, S. A. Brenan (type! S.A.S.).

The specimen in Dr. Moore’s Derry collection appears to be F. rupicola .

LYTHEACEJE.

Peplis portula L. To 1150 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Down— Throughout the Mourne district, S. & P. Lougbbrickland,
H.'W.L. Dundonald, R.L1.P.

Derry — Enagb Lough, Mrs. Leebody.

OUAGEAGEJE.

Epilobium angrustifolium L. To 1500 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Down — Cliffs of Eagle mountain, and cliffs south of Blue Lough, S. &P.
Antrim— Gobbins cliffs (R.L1.P.), JB.N.F.G. 1892-3. Scawt Hill,
Carnlough, Parkmore, Altmore, Culraney, Dunseverick, R.L1.P.

E. obscurum x palustre.

Antrim — Glenariff, Glenshesk, and Giant’s Causeway, Shoolbred l.N.

( teste E. S. Marshall).

E. palustre L. To 1150 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

i68

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

Down Frequent in the Moume district, S. & P. Sydenham, Dundonald,

Conlig, Ballynahinch, and Narrow-water, R.Ll.P.

Antrim — Glenarifl, Glendun, Fair Head, Shoolhred I.N. Bog Meadows,
Killagan, Lough Naroon, Bushfoot, R.L1.P .
j)erry_Kilrea, Bannmouth, and Magilligan, R.Ll.P.

Circsea alpina L.

Down — Tollymore Park, S. & P.

Antrim — Langford Lodge, and still in Glenariff, R.Ll.P.

Derry — By the Roe near Limavady, Mrs. Leehody.

In addition to its native mountain habitats, it occurs frequently about Belfast
as a garden weed— and a troublesome one too— as at Windsor Avenue, Clifton-
ville, several gardens at Holywood, and Clandeooye, R.Ll.P.

var. P C. intermedia Ehr.

Down — As a weed in a garden at Holywood, R.Ll.P.

Antrim— Glenariff and Glenshesk, Shoolhred I.N. Glendun, R.Ll.P.

HALORAGACEX.

XVIyriophyllum spicatum L.

Down— Abundant in Clandehoye Lakes, R.Ll.P.

Antrim— Abundant in Portmore Lough, R.Ll.P.

Derry and Antrim— In Lough Neagh at Toome, abundant in Lough Beg,
and thence down the Bann to the sea, R.Ll.P.

Hippuris vulgaris L.

Down — Altnadua and Moneyscalp, S. & P. Pollramer Lake near Cross-
gar C.H.W. Loughinisland and Killinchy, R.Ll.iJ.

Antrim -Between Baby castle and

1892-3. Portmore, H.W.L. Bog north of Ballymoney, R.Ll.P.

Derry — Bann mouth, R.Ll.P.

P O RTUliAC

Montia fontana L.

To 2450 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.

CSASSULACliE,

Sedum rhodiola DC. 1000-2000 feet in the Moumes, S. & P

Down— Pigeon Rock Mountain, and along the Slieve Muck ridge, b.
Antrim — Abundant on the coast north of Torr, R.Ll.P.

P.

i894-95-]

169

S. telephium L.

Down — Dromantine, H.W.L. and C.H.W.
gowan, Downpatrick, R.L1.P.

Holywood Hills, Bally-

Antrim Bally close and Craigbilly, Miss Knowles.
Derry — Hear Maghera, R.L1.P.

S. anglicum Huds. To 1000 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

SAXirRAGACES.

Saxifraga stellaris L. To 2350 feet in the Monrnes, Hart R.l.A.

Down— Hot abundant on the Mournes, as stated by Templeton. It is
abundant on the H.W. slopes of Donard and Commedagh, but else-
where it was seen by S. & P. only sparingly on Cove Mountain and
at Hare s (rap.

S. hypnoides L.

Derry— Benbradagh, Mrs. Leebody.

S. tridactylites L.

Down— On walls and gravel at Kilmore near Crossgar, and on rocks by

the coast at Cloughey Bay, C. H.W. y

Derry— Bellarena, Mrs. Leebody.

Chrysosplenium opposltifollum L. To 2450 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Parnassia palustris L.

Antrim — Roadside near Drumnasole,
Altmore, Kinbane Head, R.L1.P.
Derry— Mouth of the Roe, R.L1.P.

B.N.F.C. 1890-1.

Camlough,

UlttBmi£XFE3&JEs

Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. To 1500 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.
Sanicula europsea L. To 1500 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Eryngium maritimum L.

Do--Yepry abundant from Greencastle Point to Hicholson’s Point,

Cicuta virosa L.

Down— By the Canal near Goraghwood, R.L1.P.

[Appendix B.N.F.C.

170

APlU*Ante^-Rea”*y^Miss Knowles. Still occurs both north and south of
Carrickfergus, S.A.S.

/T . ^ . , „OT, o a rP»pn<i CL.) Not now known in district

A. nodijlorum (L ) Reich, var. p A. 1 { )

12, and was probably a misnomer.

A’ '“Tott-Nea^Warrenpoint and KilkeeL S. &

ramer Lake near Crossgar, C.H.W. Killincny, oa v

Antrim-^ki’s Gate on Lough Neagh, andby the Bann occasionally,

R LI P

Derry-Lakes at Kilrea, and along the course of the Bann, K.L1.P.

var. IVIoorei Syme. Ti p

Down — Marsh at Saul near Downpatrick, R.L1.F
Derry— By the Bann three miles below Kilrea, R.L1.P.

°arU”irtrim-ThrCramlm record must be expunged; S.A.S is satisfied that

Der^-pril^nsely abundant .at its Colermne station, and extends
down the Bann to the sandhills of the coast. . ,.

It cannot he found near

bmdering ^^“of*' £ S,l"headlaids at Giant's Causeway.

[C. carui L.

0.H W. w* - - —

at Ringhaddy, R.L1.P.]

PlmP Ant^-Ne^Brtu^hshane, Miss Knowles. Antrim and Easharkin,

R.L1.P.

SlUm Down-” a number of places ; neai ^y£at[^’.3and “ 0amgnffi0“

Lake near Killinchy, B.L1.P., B.N.F.C. !»»--<>•

l894-95-]

171

CEnanthe fistulosa L.

Antrim— Shores of Lough Beg, and thence to Coleraine occasionally,
Derry — Enagh Lough, Mrs. Leebody.

<E. lachenalii Gmel.

Down Killowen, and mouth of Causeway water, S. & P.
Antrim— Shore at Giant’s Causeway, R.L1.P.

<E. phellandrium L.

Down— Lough Leagh (R.Ll.P.), B.N.F.C. 1891-2. Shore of Lough
Neagh, C.H.W. Portavoe, Quoile River, Money Lake, R.L1.P.
Derry— Magilligan, Mrs. Leebody.

JEthusa cynapium L.

Down-Warrenpomt, Eostrevor, and abundant at Killowen, S. & P.
feaul, R.L1.P. ’

Antrim— Brown’s Bay on Islandmagee (R.L1.P.) B.N.F.C. 1892-S

Lar^1RTiaprf00t’ MiSS Knowles' About Belfast> Whitehead, and

Derry— Coleraine, Mrs. Leebody. Upperlands. R.L1.P.

Xilgusticum scotlcum L.

Amtrim— Rocks on the shore at Bushfoot, R.L1.P., and recently refound
at Garron Point, S. A. Brenan; R.L1.P., B.N.F.C. 1892-3.

Derry-Sparingiy at Downhill, and still plentiful between Portrush and
Portstewart, Mrs. Leebody.

Silaus pratemis (L.) Bess. Has not been refound, and was no doubt a casual.
Angelica sylvestris L. To 1500 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

[Peucedanum ostruthium Koch.

Antrim— Stoneyford, R.L1.P. Not now on Cave Hill, S.A.S.

Derry— Downhill, Mrs. Leebody.]

Pastinaca satlva L.

Down Holywood and Dundrum, probably casual, R.L1.P.

Antrim— By the new path to Cave Hill, casual, S.A.S.

Derry Still abundant at Magilligan, and quite naturalized, R.L1.P.

Heracleum sphondylium L. To 1,500 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

172

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

Torilis nodosa (Huds.) Gaert.

is nodosa (mias.j uwru

Down— Abundant near Killowen, S. & P. Whiterock near KiUmcby,
C.H.W.

Antrim— Rathlin Island, K.L1.P., I.N. 1893.

Scandix pecten-veneris I v F r

B.KF.C. 1891-2. ' Craigayad,

AntaDoTX^M^;PE.U P., 2) ifJ.C. UH4. Carnlough, Dun-
severick, Carrick-a-rede, Portballantrae, U.L1.P.

Derry — Magilligan, Mrs. Leebody.

ChaerophyUum anthriscus Lam. 4. t? n

Dow-Killinchy (E.L1.P.), B.N.F C 1890-1. Seashore at Bally-
homan Bay, very luxuriant, K.LLf.

Antrim— Still on tbe Curran at Larne, R.L1.P.

MyrrW. odorata L ^ Near Saintfield and Kearney's

“ “M’ H'W'L' ***'
wood Hills, “dshurn &o, ^ g A.

“e^fn Sontore, Dunadry, ' sioneyford, Torr, Dunseveriek,
Giant’s Causeway, R.L1.P.

Conium maculatum L.

Antrim— At Portmore ; rare inland, K.Bi. P.

Mourne district, S. * P. Knock and Downpatrick,

R.L1.P.

Antrim— Near Antrim, R.L1.P.

Derry— Frequent in North Derry, Mrs. Leebody.

HSDSKACBJE .

Hedera helix L. To 2000 feet in tbe Mournes, S. & P.

CAPSIPOtlACSSai

Sa“-C‘ ltnaghmore, H.W.L. Near BaUynahinch, and still at
Holy wood, R.L1.P.

894-95-]

173

Antrim — Dunadry and Cushendall, R.L1.P.

Viburnum opulus L.

Down — Rostrevor, Altnadua Lake, and Tolly more Park, S. & P. Tully-
murry, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Near Slemish, C.H.W. & H.W.L. Clogh, H.W.L. Cully-
backey, Miss Knowles. Ballinderry, Glenariff, Rasharkin, R.L1. P.
Derry — Glen at Benevenagh, Mrs. Leebody. Kilrea and Garvagh,
R.L1.P.

Iionicera periclymenum L. To 2,000 feet in the Monrnes, S. & P.

Rims.acis.2E.

Sherardia arvensis L.

Down— Frequent in tbe Mourne district, S. & P. Saintfield, and near
Crossgar, C.H.W.

Antrim — Rasbarkin, R.L1.P.

Derry — Magbera, Kilrea, and Garvagb, R.L1.P.

Galium boreal© L.

Antrim — Among tbe rocks of Agnew’s Hill 1804, Templeton MSS.
Glenariff, Sboolbred I.N. Garron Point, between Ballymena and
Brougbsbane, and by tbe river above Bushmills, R.L1.P.

G. cruciatum (L.) With.

Down — Still plentiful on tbe side of Downpatrick ratb, but no longer to
be found at tbe Cathedral.

G. moling-© L.

Down — Lawn at Rowallen near Saintfield, D. Redmond; S.A.S., I N.
1894.

Antrim— Riverside near Cullybackey, S. A. Brenan. Still at Glenarm
Park, R.L1.P.

Derry — Near Eglinton, Mrs. Leebody; H. C. Hart, Journ. Bot., 1892.

VALERIATJACEJE.

Valeriana officinalis L. var. a Mikanii (Wats.)

Down — At 1500 feet on Slieve Muck, S. & P.

Antrim — Common in tbe Glens ; tbe only form observed, Sboobred l.N.
Sparingly by Lagan River at Mazetown, S.A.S.

174

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

var. P V. sambucifolia Mikan.

Down -Moume Park and Tullybranagan, S. & P. Maxwell’s Court
near Comber, S.A.S.

Antrim— Plentiful by tbe Lagan at Mazetown, S.A.S.

Valerian ella olitoria (L.) Moencb.

Down— Frequent in the Moume district, S. & P. Saint field, C.H.W.
Antrim— Ballymena and Ballyclare, Miss Knowles. Larne, Scawt Hill
and abundant on cbalk rocks on Garron Point, forming a close turf
with Saxifraga hypnoides and Hieraeium anglicum , R.L1.P.

V. carinata Lois.

Down — Is increasing steadily at Dundonald, R.L1.P.

V. dentata Willd.

Down— Maggie’s Leap, Lisnacree, and abundant about Killowen and
Seafieldf S. & P. Killmchy (E.L1.P.), B.N.F.C. 1890-1, and
margins of Lough. Leagh (R.L1.P.), B.N.F.C. 1891-2.

DIPSACACEX.

Scabiosa suecisa L. To 1900 feet in tbe Moumes, S. & P.

S. arvensis L.

X)0Wn — Frequent in tbe Mourne district, S. & P.
Antrim — About Ballymena, Miss Knowles.
Derry — Dungiven and Kilrea, Mrs. Leebody.

Ballynabincb, B..L1.P.

COMPOSITE.

Eupatorium cannabinum L.

Antrim-Lambeg, Templeton MSS. Barn’s Island, Altmore, and Turr
Head, R.L1.P.

Derry — Cliffs at Downbill, B.L1.P.

Petasites vulgaris L.

Down— Very rare in tbe Moume district, S. & P. It is not generally
common in tbe county, tbougb abundant in Antrim.

p. fragrans L. Quite naturalized, and spreading tbrougbout tbe district.

L. To 1900 feet in tbe Mournes, S. & P.

Tussilago farfara

>894-95-] 175

Erigeron acris L. The late Mr. A. G. More has informed us that this plant
has been found on sandhills north of Newcastle ; this is almost the
same station as given in Flora , hut is an interesting confirmation.

Solidago virgaurea L. To 2449 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.
var. p. augustifolia Koch.

Down — By the Bann above Hilltown, and abundant by the river in
Tollymore Park, S. & P.

var. y S. cambrica Huds. Not now in 'lolly more Park, S. & P. ; must
be deleted from our flora.

Xnula Selenium L.

Down — Near Ballynahinch and Saul, R.Ll.P.

Antrim — Antrim, Carnlough, Portballantrae, Dunseveriek, R.Ll.P.

Derry — Waste ground north of Kilrea, B.L1.P.

Filago germanica (Huds.) L. To 500 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Down— Frequent in the Mourne district, S. &P. Loughinisland, R.Ll.P.

Antrim — Portrush, Bushfoot, Killagan, R.Ll.P.

Derry — Kilrea, Mrs. Leebody.

F. minima (Fries ) Huds. To 500 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Crnaphalium sylvaticum L. To 800 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Down — Frequent in Mourne district, S. & P. Ballygowan, R.Ll.P.

Antrim — Glenariff, Shoolbred I.N. Near Ballymena, Miss Knowles.
Scawt Hill, Culraney, Portrush, R.Ll.P.

Derry — Bellarena (R.Ll.P.), B.N.F.C. 1892-3. Kilrea and TJpperlands,
R.Ll.P. **

Antennaria dioica (L.) R. Br.

Down— Kilbroney River, Slieve Muck, Slieve Meel-beg, S. <fc P.

Antrim — Clinty Hill near Ballymena, Miss Knowles. Killagan, O.H.W.
Newtown Crommelin, S. A. Brenan. Pollan Burn, heaths west of
Glenarm, Cushendall, Bushfoot, Ratulin Island, R.Ll.P.

Derry — Near Maghera and Garvagh, R.Ll.P.

[Anthemis arvensis L

Down — Field at Glasdrumman, S. & P. Sandy field at Ballykinler,
R.Ll.P.].

Matricaria inodora L. var. p salina Bab.

Antrim — Giant’s Causeway, Shoolbred f.JV.

176

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

var. y maritima (L.).

Antrim — Redbay, Shoolbred l.N. 1894.

1VI. chamomilla L.

Down— Margin of Lough Island Heavy, probably casual, S. & P. Near
Queen’s Island, and on railway at Newry, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Magberagall near Lisburn, and Ballygalley Head, R.L1.P.
Increasing along the Antrim coast, and at least naturalized there ; perhaps
only casual elsewhere.

Chrysanthemum segetum L. To 800 feet in the Mournes, S. & P. The
name Gilgowan, applied by inadvertence to C. leucanthemum in Flora ,
pertains to this species.

Tanacetum vulgar e L.

j)own — Occasionally in the Mourne district, S. & P. Raholp old church,
and Castle Island below Downpatrick, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Glendun, S. A. BrenaD. Dunadry, Glenariff, R.L1.P.

Senecio sylvaticus L. To 800 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Down — Not rare in Mourne district, S. & P. Saintfield, C.H.W.
Between Dromara and Banbridge, and near Goraghwood, H. \\ .L.
Cotton Moss, Killinchy, Loughinisland, R.L1.P.

Derry — Ballyscullion near Lough Beg, Mrs. Leebody. Castlerock,
R.L1.P.

[S. saracenicus L.

Down — Saintfield, C.H.W.

Derry — Near Culmore, Mrs. Leebody. Roadsides at Magilligan, R.L1.P.
Possibly naturalized].

widens tripartita L.

Down — By the Bann near Hilltown, S. & P. Brown bog near Lough-
brickland, H. W.L. Saul and Crossgar, R.L1.P.

Derry — Kilrea, R.L1.P.

B. cernua L.

Down — Killowen, Lisnacree, and near Kilkeel and Newcastle, S. & P.
Loughinisland, C.H.W. Brown Bog near Loughbrickland, H.W.L.

var. radiata Sond.

Down — Plentiful at Carrickmannan Lake, S.A.S., and in the Quohe
marshes, R.L1.P. ; S.A.S., l.N. 1894.

894-95*3

177

Saussurea alpina DC.

Down— Sparingly in fissures of dripping vertical slate rocks at 2000 feet
on Slieve Muck North, S. & P. An interesting addition to the
alpine plants of the district.

Arctium nemorosum Lej.

Down— Moygannon and Newcastle, S. & P. Ballykinler, Bally hornan,
and Ballyholme, S.A.S.

Antrim Fair Head, Shoolbred IN. Islandmagee and near Antrim,
S.A.S.

A. intermedium Lange.

Down Sandy waste at Benderg Bay, and by old road from Ballynahinch
to Drumaness, S.A.S.

Antrim— Quarry at Ballygalley Head, S.A.S.

Derry— Magilligan, Mrs. Leehody.

A. minus Schkur.

Down — Benderg Bay and at Moygannon, S.A.S.
var. majuscula Hartm.

Antrim— Riverside at Crumlin, and at Bankheads near Larne, S.A.S.
{fide Svante Murbeck).

The specimens so. named by the eminent Swedish botanist seem to be
almost identical with the A. intermedium Lange of Babington’s
Manual ed. 8.

Carduus crispus L. var. (L C. acanthoides L.

Down — Fields and waste ground at Killowen, S. & P.

Antrim— Refound at Larne by R.L1.P. ; S.A.S., IN. 1894.

Derry — Still common at Magilligan ; recently seen by R.L1.P. at
Bellarena ( B.N.F.C . 1892-3) and about Magilligan station.

C. palusfris L. To 1000 feet in the Mournes, S'. & P.

C. pratensis Huds.

Down — Throughout the Kilbroney valley to 700 feet, sparingly by the
Causeway Water, and by the Shimna near Newcastle, S. & P.

Antrim Northern extremity of Lough Beg, Killagan, Dunloy, and
Portballantrae, R.L1.P.

Derry — Castlerock, Bran Lough above Maghera, near Garvagh, and by
the Bann at Coleraine, R.L1.P.

178

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

[Silybum marianum Gaert.

Down — Crawfordsbum, E,.L1P.

Antrim — White Park Bay, R.L1.P.]

[Onopordum acanthium L.

Antrim- Waste ground near a cottage at Ballygalley Head, S.A.b. and
R.L1.P.. 1887. A casual since lost.]

Cichorium intybus L. 1 . ,

Down-Cornfield near Kilkeel, casual, S. & P. Uncultivated ground at
Lisnatrunk, J . H. Davies. Saintfield, and quarry bank at Magheralin,

C.H.W. ’ ,

Antrim — Brougbsbane , Herb. Canon Grainger. Glynn, and Portmsb
sandhills, casual, B..L1.P.

R.L1.P. considers that this plant is only a casual in the district.

laeontodon birtus L. . , -p T1 p

Down — Fields by the sea at Dalchoolm near Craigftvad,

B N.F.C. 1892-3. Lawn at Narrow-water Castle (R.Ll.r.),
B.N.F.C. Excursion, I.N. 1893.

t z • • j j cnpnimen wbicb apparently represents this species in

£. nMQThe ^P? ^ is a hispid form

of L. autumnale, and as the species has not been f°™d by -any othe
botanist on the well-searched fields of Magilligan, its right to a place
in our flora is very doubtful.

1. autumnalis L. To 2510 feet in the Moumes, Hart X.I.A.

1. taraxacum L. To 1000 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.

var. 8. 1 1. palustre Smith.

Antrim — Cusbendun, R.L1.P.

m Ttnrritolius L Is still abundant at Macedon, Sydenham, and

TraSopoffouporr«onuS^read ^ ^ ^ t the Kinnegar at Holv-

'vood, where it has been abundant for the last two years (R.L1.P.) ,
may fairly be considered naturalized in the district.

Crepis biennis L. * • i p 1 1 p I<? still

Down — Meadows between Crossgar and Downpatrick, ,

steadily increasing in the district, and may rank as naturalised.

C virens L. To 1200 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.

i894-95>]

179

C. paludosa (L.) Moench.

Down— Ballymacormick Point, a few feet above sea-level, R.L1.P.
Antrim— Stoneyford, Shane’s Castle, and abundant in tbe 2-lens along- the
coast, R.L1.P.

Derry By the Roe, Mrs. Leebody. Kilrea and Garvagh, R.L1.P.

Hieracium anglicum Fr. 200-2000 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Down — The most abundant hawkweed in the Mournes, S. & P.

Antrim— Fair Head and Giant’s Causeway, Shoolbred I.N. Rocks
north of Ballycastle, S.A.S.
var. b. acutlfolium Backh.

Down— Luke s Mountain at 1000 feet, and bv the Shimna River above
Tollymore Park, S. & P.

var. d. longlbracteatum Hanb.

A ntrim — Garron Point and Glenariff, W. A. Shoolbred; S.A S I.JY.

H. lricum Fr.

Derry— Basaltic cliffs, Downhill, R.L1.P.

H. flocculosum Backh.

Down— By Spinkwee River at 800 feet (not 1500 feet, as given in
S^Tp an<^ ^ Same stream on shady rocks in Tollymore Park,

Antrim— Sallagh Braes, S.A.S.

H. heyi Hanb.

Antrim— Benevenagh, W. A. Shoolbred; S.A.S., J.iV. 1894 (as H
bifidum Tausch). v

H. Schmldtii Tausch.

Down — Granite cliffs of Bencrom, S. & P.

The Antrim and Derry localities, published in Flora for R. pallidum , have
been mostly transferred to H. euprepes ; the remainder are doubtful.

H. lasiophyllum Koch. The Ballycastle record has been transferred' to R
anglicum.

H. Farrense Hanb.

Antrim— Sallagh Braes, S.A.S.; R.L1.P., B.N.F.C. 1892-3.

H. rubicundum Hanb.

Antrim— Sallagh Braes, S.A.S.; R.L1.P., B.N.F.C. 1892-3.

i8o

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

H. argenteum Fr. 100-1700 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Down — Cove Mountain, Bencrom, Slieve Donard, and Tollymore Park,
S. & P.

The H. argenteum of Flora is transferred to H. hibernicum.

H. Sommerfeltii Lindeh.

Derry — Benevenagh, S.A.S.

H. hibernicum Hanh.

Down— Mountain stream in the Monrne Mountains near Rostrevor, H.
0. Hart. Journ. Hot. 1886 (as H. argenteum Fr.). Befound on
rooks at Broughnamaddy (the same station), S. & P.

H. stenolepis Lindeh.

Antrim-Cave Hill, R.L1.P., and plentiful on Knockagh and Sallagh
Braes, S.A.S. ; R.L1.P., B.JS.F.C. 1890-1. Garron Pomt, W. A.
Shoolhred ; S.A.S., I.N. 1894. Glenarifi, Shoolhred I.N.

Derry — Benevenagh, Shoolhred I. N.

H. murorum L. pt.

Down — Very rare in the Mournes ; found only hy the Bann, S. & P-
Antrim— Garron Point, Shoolhred I.N.

var. m. pacHypkyllum Purchas.

Antrim— Basaltic cliffs of Knockagh and Sallagh Braes, S.A.S. ; W. H.
Purchas, Journ. Bot. 1895.

H. euprepes Hanh.

Antrim— Cave Hill, Dr. Mateer, 1845, Herb. Hanbury Sallagh Braes
S.A.S. ; R.L1.P., B.N.F.C. 1892-3. Bank at Milltown near Kea
Bay, W. A. Shoolhred ; S.A.S., I.N. 1894.

Derry — Benevenagh, S.A.S.

H. caesium Fr.

Antrim — Glenariff (S.A.S.), B.N.F.C. 1889-90.

H. vulg-atum Fr.

Down — Blue Lough, Hare’s Gap, Slieve Muck North, S. & P-

H. sciapMlum Uecht.

Down — Saintfield, D. Eedmond.

i894-95-]

181

H. g-othicum (Fr. pt.) Backh. (E. Friesii Hartm.).

Antrim — Riverbanks in Glendun, Shoolbred I.JSf.
yar. Stewartii Hanb. 350-950 feet, S. & P.

Down— Several spots by tbe Bann above Hilltown, and
Tollymore Park, S. & P. (as H. Friesii, Hartm.). It
tbe course of tbe Bann for about three miles.

sparingly in
grows along

H. corymbosum Fr.

Antrim — Riverbanks in Glendun, Shoolbred IN.

H. auratum Fries. 150-1500 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

D0WS_&Tpe m°St abundant acciPitrine Hawkweed in tbe Mournes,

Antrim— Lough Neagh shore at Cranfield, S A S
Cushendun, R.L1.P.; R.L1.P., B.N.F.C. 1892-3.
in Glendun, Shoolbred I.N.

H. crocatum Fr.

and sea-cliffs at
Several places

Down— By tbe Sbimna River, and on Pigeon Rock Mountain, S. & P.
Antrim— Milltown near Redbay, and Glendun, Shoolbred I.N.

H. boreale Fr.

Down— Abundant by tbe Sbimna River above Tollymore Park, S & P
(as FL. commutatum , Beck.).

CAMPAXiTU:L.a.CEiE.

lobelia Bortmanna L. 330-1350 feet in the Mournes, S. & P. There is
no lake at 1500 feet, the elevation given by Hart, It. I. A.

Down — Lough Sbannagb and Altnadua Lake, S. & P.

Antrim— Abundant in a kkeiet on summit of Binnagee near Carnlough,
at 1000 feet, R.L1.P., B.N.F.C. 1890-1.

Jaslone montana L. To 1500 feet in tbe Mournes, S. & P.

Campanula rapuneuloi&es L.

Down— Fields near Rostrevor and north of Newcastle, S. & P.

Antrim— In a sandpit near Brougbsbane, R.L1.P.

Derry— Common in a field near Kilrea, R.L1.P.

na^p2e5iStatWndy laDd ^ Ne™stle for 0TCr 20 7“®, is

C. rotunditolia L. To 2450 feet on tbe Mournes, Hart U.I.A.

i82

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

ERICACBJE.

7 . • /r \ Dr. Diclde’s Slieve Donard plant was

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) bpreng.

no doubt Vaccimum mtis-xdcea , b. « r.

Erica tetralix L. To 2055 feet on the Moumes, S. & P.

E. cinerea L. To 2440 feet on the Moumes, S. & P.

Vaccinlum vitis-ideea L. 1500-2796 feet on the Moumes, S. & P.
200-2000 feet in Derry.

Down— On most of tbe Moume summits, S. & P.

t s£- s *

R.L1.P.

extensive bogs above Dunloy and Rasbarkin, R.LI. •

Derry-Bog on margin of Lougb Ouske in tbe Sperrin Mountains,
R.L1.P., P.N.F.C. 1892-3.

Fyrola media Swartz.

Down— Still abundant on Conlig Hill.

Antrim-Near Cairn Hill and Irish Hill, , W. Macmillan. Rocky thicket
between. Kilrea and Garvagb, Miss Knowles.

D°own-Between the Barbican gate and the sawmill in Tollymore Park,
H.W.L.

p. minor L.

Down-

H.

Antrim — Refound in Ulenariff, S- A. Brenan.

to /Jn T Thmiffb carefully searched for at Errigal Banks by Mrs.

P. secmda L. inougn careiu y ^ not been

s k vz.'t&szrJ&s

P. secunda.

i894-95-3

m

not

183

AQVXFO&IACEJE.

Hex aqulfolium L. To 1050 feet in the Mournes, Hart R.I.a.

O&EACEJE.

Praxlnus excelsior L. To 1000 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

CEXTIAWACEJE.

Erythreea eentaurlum (Curt.) Pera. var. b. capltata (Koch).

Antrim— Sand-banks near Giant’s Causeway, Shoolbred I.N.

Gentiam amarellaL. The specimen which apparently represents this species
Dr. Moore s Derry herbarium is G. campestris. G. amarella has i
been iound m the district by any recent botanist.

G< campestris L.

Down— Spelga Mountain near Rostrevor, and by the Causeway water,
S. & P. Ballykmler, and still on the Kinnegar at Holywood, R LI P

Many “ "** *

Derry— Eskers south of Kilrea, R.L1.P.

Menyanthes trlfollata L. To 1600 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

COWVOIVULArr. a

Convolvulus arvensls L.

^rAr^JPTfS’o^66?’ Newcastle> S- & P. Killough Bay
(RXLP.) B.N.F.G. 1892-3. Abundant on the coast near Millisle,
R O P^168 Queens Island* Newtown ards, Ballydugan Lake,

Antrim— Along the railway from Belfast to Lame, where it has come
ahSdaSy’R^ tich m obtamed on the Curran, where the plant grows

pUykeUy’ Mrs< Leebody- Bann mouth and Limavady Junction,

BOBAGXHrACE.2:*

Cynoglossum officinale L.

Down— Abundant on shore at Killowen, rising to 500 feet on the adjoin-
ing stony slopes of Spelga Mountain, S. & P.

184

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

CBOTnt"nLLs' at White Park Bay, away from any houses, W. J.
Knowles.]

Ancbusa sempervirens L.

Herb. D.M. Cullybaeiey,
probably Escaped, Miss Knowles. Oldstone near Antrim, W. S.
Smith.

Queen’s Island, Knock-

Symphytum officinale L.

Down— Near Hilltown and Newcastle, b. & t'.

nagoney, Ballynahinch, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Portrush, Dunseverick, and about Portballantrae, R.L1. .

Derry — Magilligan, Mrs. Leebody. KHrea, R.L1.P.

_ tllhPT.n,um L Rev. G. Robinson’s station is among the woods close to
S‘ tUl ^ClandXye House where the plant grows abundantly, and appears
quite naturalized, though it probably originated m the garden there,

R.L1.P.

ISchium vulgar e L. c « p

Abundant in a field near Wood House, Rostrevor, b. & r.

Kirkiston, O.H.W. On the railway at Ballymacarrett Junction,

Antrim— Magberamorne, probably casual, R.L1.P.

Mertensia maritima (L.) Don. rl

asSJBTSr ft?

Derry— Between Portrush and Portstewart, Mrs. Leebody.

This last is the locality mentioned by Sampson ( Statistical Survey of the Co unty
‘ism, ^hen he speaks of the ^r £t ” -growmg^on

^interesting confirmation of an old record not mentioned in Flora.

™dSneear' Saltwater Bridge, Belfast, Dr. I. L. Drummond
1820 ; Belfast Museum Herb. This station is long since built over,
and become part of the city.

Myosotis palustris With. . __ « * p

Down— Near Rostrevor and Newcastle, rare in the Moumes, b. « •
Ballynahinch and Lougbinisland, R.L1.P.

*894-950

185

Antrim — Bush River and Crumlin Waterfoot, R.L1.P.

The Slieve Donard station of Flora belongs to M. repens.
var. b. strig-ulosa Reichb.

Antrim— Cushendun, Shoolbred I.N.

M. repens Don. To 1000 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Down-Abuudant on the flanks of the mountains and low grounds of
Mourne, S. & P. Crossgar, R.L1.P.

Derry— Near Upperlands, R.L1.P.

M. collina Hoffm.

Down — Kirkiston, C.H.W.

Antrim— Gravelly banks at mouth of Sixmile River, R.L1.P., B.N.F.C.
1892- 3.

Derry— Portstewart, Miss Davies, B.N.F.C. 1889-90.

SOIAK'ACEiE.

Solanum dulcamara L.

D own — Glasdr umm an near Annalong, S.& P. Hedges between Killouffh
and Ardglass, C.H.W. Grey Point and Ballynahinch, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Bally castle, R. Welch. Near Ballymena, Miss Knowles.*

Derry— Dungiven, and by the Foyle, Mrs. Leebody.

Hyoscyamus nigrer L.

Down— Plentifu! on distillery rubbish at Comber, imported with seed,
o.A.b., I.N. 1894.

Antrim— A few plants at Glenmore near Lisburn in 1890, but not found
since, J . H. Davies. Carnlough, casual, Rev. J. Hall. Still about
Ballycastle, R.L1.P.

OEOMffCIMUs

Orobancbe rubra Sm.

Antrim— “ Gathered near BaRycastle, Oct. 1797,” R. Brown (as O. major),
Kmbane Head, R.L1.P. '

Derry— Castlerock, R.U.P.

[O. minor Sm.

Down— Abundant in a field by the sea at Craigavad, 1892, H. C.
Marshall ; R.L1.P., B.N.F.C. 1892-3. Also in 1893, H. C. Marshall.
No doubt introduced with seed, along with the Lucerne on which it
grows, but in view of the spread of this species in Ireland, its
behaviour should be watched.]

1 86

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

I,atlir»a^ sq^t ngar Brouglishane, on Plum, S. A. Brenan.

Derry — Bellarena, Mrs. Leebody.

SCSOPBV1ASIACEZ.

waste ground at Downpatrick, R.L1.P.

Antrim-Shore of Lougb Neagh in Glenayy Parish, Herb. D. M.

Derry— Dungiven and Limavady, Mrs. Leebody.

^ tCat

ptotfn’ow Sliced in the North of England, hut apparently not
previously noticed in Ireland.]

Digitalis purpurea L. To 1400 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.

June, 1884, S. & P.

1,1 ^Down-Crossgar, Killyleagh, Loughinisland, Killinchy,

Antrim-Kam’e Island, Broughshane Dnnloy, Dervock, BaUycastle,
R.L1.P. Near Doagh, Rev. W. S. Smith.

The Killowen record under this name belongs to L. repent.

Castlewellan Lake, S.A.S. Mnnre’s note

Denrv^tm^“m^hedcSy” UcertILlyIn error; the above i.
the only station we know of.

«. t 100-1400 feet in the Mournes, S. & P*

Melampyrum pratense L. 100 14UU i The Mourne

— *

Tollymore Park, where the type grows abundantly.

*894-95-3

i87

Antrim— Shane’s Castle, W. D. l'onnan. Runabay Head, Camlough,
rocks near Lough Naroon, and heath above Rasharkin, R.L1.P.
Derry— Bog near Portglenone, Miss Knowles. Wood near Kilrea, R. LI. P.
var. b. latlfolium Syme.

Antrim— In the glens, Shoolbred I.N.
var. c. BE. montanum Johnst. 1400-2394 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.
Down — Many places in the Mournes, S. & P.

Antrim— In the glens, Shoolbred I.N. On Knocklayd at 1500 feet,
R.L1.P.

M. sylvaticum L.

Antrim— Glenoe, 1837, Herb. D.M.

Thompson’s Tollymore Park plant was no doubt a form of M. pratense , S. & P.

Mimulus luteus L.

Down — Edge of Clandeboye Lake, R.L1.P.

Thoroughly naturalized in the district.

Rhinanthus crista-galll L. To 1000 feet in the Mournes, S. & P. 1690
feet in Antrim (summit of Knocklayd), R.L1.P.

Bartsia odontites Huds. var. b. serotina fReichb.)

Antrim— Giant’s Causeway, Shoolbred I.N.

Euphrasia officinalis L. To 2300 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.
var. b. E. gracilis, Fries.

Down — By Bloody Bridge River, S.A.S.

Antrim— Between Bally earth and Ballintoy, Shoolbred I.N. Basalt
debris on Knockagh, S.A.S.

Veronica scutellata L.

Down— A number of stations in the Mournes, S. & P. Magheralin,
C.H.W. Dundonald, Conlig, Downpatrick, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Refound on Rathlin, R.L1.P., B.N.F.C. 1889-90. Ballycastle,
Killagan, above Lisburn, and near Soawt Hill, R.L1.P.

Derry — Enagh Lough, Mrs. Leebody. Kilrea, R.L1.P.

V. anagallis L.

Down— Lisnacree, Harrow- water, White Water, S. & P. Ballynahinch,
C.H.W. Newtownards and Killinchy, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Lisburn, Stoneyford, Doagh, Crumlin, Shane’s Castle, R.L1.P.
Derry— Bellarena, Mrs. Leebody, Coleraine, R.L1.P.

1 88

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

V. montana L.

Down— Saintfield, C.H.W. Downpatrick, R.L1.P.

A ntr im — Glendun , S. A. Brenan. Shaw’s Bridge, Langford Lodge,
Bushmills, R.L1.P.

Derry— Bellarena and Prehen, Mrs. Leehody. Kilrea, R.L1.P.

V. serpyllifolia L. To 1000 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

V. polita Fr.

Down — Frequent in Mourne district, S. & P. C ultra, B-Ll.r.

Antrim — Bushmills, S.A.S., /.AT. 1894.

Derry— Coleraine, Mrs. Leehody. Kilrea and Castlerock, R.L1.P.

V.

Buxbaumii Ten.

Down— Rostrevor, Killowen, Greencastle, S . & 1\
Kilmore near Crossgar, H.W.L. Milhsle, R.L1.
Antrim— Ballymena and Glenariff, Miss Knowles.
R.L1.P., l.N. 1893.

Dundrum,

P.

Rathlin

C.H.W.

Island,

V. bederifolia L.

Down — Killowen, S. & P. Saul and Newcastle, C.H.W.

W. D. Donnan. _ „ .

Antrim — Rathlin Island, R.L1.P., I.N. 1893. Stoneyford
magee, R.L1. P.

Craigavad,
and Island-

LA.BIA.TJE.

[Mentha viridis L.

Down— Stream by roadside at Saul, C.H.W.]

[1VI. rotundifolia L.

Down— River-side near Ballynahinch, Richd. Hanna,
and between Newtownards and Comber, R.L1. P.J

Near Saul Chapel,

[m. alopecuroides Hull.

Down— Stream by roadside at Saul, L.il. w .,

Watson B.E.G. 1893.]

M. piperita Huds. . . ,

Down Plentiful by the old road between Ballynahinch

Richd. Hanna.

M. sativa L. var. p. M. rubra Huds.

Down — Saintfield, C.H.W.

and Drumaness,

i894-95-]

189

var. paludosa (Sole).

r erry— Limavady Junction, Mrs. Leebody ; S.A.S., I.N. 1894.

M. pulegium L.

Antrim — Abundant in a damp meadow near the north end of Lough
Beg, Miss Knowles and R. Ll.P.

Not now to be found at foot of Tullybranagan Mountain, Down ( Ir. Flor ),
S. & P. > \ h

Iiycopus europaeus L.

Down— Annalong, and Narrow-water demesne, S. & P. Near Crossgar,
C.H.W. Portavoe and Killinchy, R.L1.P. By Ballyward Lake,
S.A.S.

Derry— TJpperlands, Kilrea, and near Portglenone, R.L1.P.

Origanum vulgare L.

Down — Walls of Teraplepatrick graveyard, Richd. Hanna.

Derry— Eglinton, Mrs. Leebody.

Thymus serpyllum L. To 2050 feet in the Mournes, Ilart E.I.A. To
2000 feet, S. & P.

Scutellaria galericulata L.

Down— By canal south of Scarva, H.W.L. and C.H.W. Loughin-
island, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Glenmore near Lisburn, J. H. Davies. Cushendun, S. A.
Brenan. Roadside near Rasharkin, Miss Knowles. Langford
Lodge, R. LI. P.

Nepeta cataria L.

Down— Abundant by a roadside at Cloughey Bay, C.H.W.

Lamium amplexicaule L.

Down — Kilbroney, Killowen, Knockshee, G-reencastle, Annalong, S. & P.
Killough Bay (R.L1.P.), B.N.F.C. 1892-3. Rough Island, Bally-
water, Ballykinler, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Stoneyford, Broughshane, B.L1.P.

Derry — Dungiven, Mrs. Leebody.

Zi. intermedium Fries. Throughout Down and Antrim. Numerous further
stations might be quoted.

190

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

L. hybridum Yillars.

Down — Killowen, and Grlasdrumman near Annalong, S. & P.

Antrim — Camlough, R.L1. P.

Im, album L.

Down — Kilmore near Crossgar, C.H.W. Lougiibrickland, H.'W.L.
Narrow- water, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Broughshane, S. A. Brenan. Magheramome, R.L1.P.
Galeopsis speciosa MilL

Down— Annalong, Hart R.I.A. Field at Six-road-ends near Conlig,
S.A.S., I.N. 1894.

Antrim — Frequent in sandy cornfields in tlie neighbourhood of Cushen-
da.11, July, 1836, Herb. D. M. Still at Cushendall, R.L1.P., B.R.F.C.
1890-91. Glenariff, Ardclinis, and Cushendun, R.L1.P., B.N.F.C.
1892-3. Breckagh in parish of Skerry, S. A. Brenan.

Derry -Eglinton, and near Enagh Lough, Mrs. Leehody. Half way
between Kilrea and Maghera, R.L1.P.

Stacbys betonica (L.) Benth.

Derry— Refound at Kilrea by Mrs. Leebody; S.A.S., l.N. 1894. It
grows here in some abundance in several pasture fields between the
weir and the bridge, R.L1.P.

S. sylvatica x palustrls.

Down— Struell wells near Downpatrick, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Islandmagee, Herb. D. M. Roadside bank near Belfast, S.A.S.,
B.E.C. Report 1889. Camlough, and Magheragall near Lisburn,
RXLP.

Hybrids nearer palustris than sylvatica are the prevailing forms in the district.
The only station we know for true 8. ambigua Smith is that of b.A.^..
given above, which is near Glenville, on the road from Hannahstown to
Woodburne.

S. arvensis L. ,

Down— In some abundance from Newcastle to Kilkeel, and very abun-
dant at Killowen, S. & P. Fields by shore south of K-iUough, and
between Castlewellan and the Factory, S.A.S. Saul, R.L1.P.
Antrim — Broughshane, and west base of Knocklayd, R.L1.P.

ta aiDa xj.

Down— Near Warrenpoint, S. & P. Ballynahinch, and Ballykinler,

R.L1.P.

i894-95-]

I91

Antrim — Near Moira, 1837, Herb. D. M. Brown’s Bay on Islandmagee,
(R.L1.P.) B.A/.F.C. 1892-3. Cushendun, S. A. Brenan. Bally-
castle and Bushmills, It. LLP.

Teucrlum scorodonla L. To 1400 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.

VISBE1TACE2,

[Verbena officinalis L.

Down — Roadside about a mile from Pointzpass on the way to Lough -
brickland, H.W.L. ; R.L1.P., B.1SI.F. C. 1892-93. ; and still there,
H.W.L.]

ZiBETTlSUXiARZACfiJE.

Pingulcula vulgaris L. To 2000 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.

P. lusitanica L. 0-1600 in the Mournes, S. & P.

Down — A number of stations in the Mournes, S. & P.

Antrim — On moist banks near the Giant’s Causeway, Herb. D. M.
Glendun, S. A. Brenan. Margins of Lough Naroon, Miss Knowles
and R.L1.P. Cushendall, R.L1.P.

Derry — “ Gathered on a bog by the roadside about half way between
Londonderry and Newtownlimavady, Aug. 6th, 1795,” R. Brown.
Bran Lough above Maghera, R.L1.P.

Utricular! a vulgaris L.

Down — Altnadua Lake, and site of Money scalp Lake, S. & P. Brown
Bog near Loughbrickland, H.W.L. Lake near Helen’s Tower,
R.L1.P.

Antrim— Very fine in clayey holes below the Asylum, Belfast, 1837,
Herb. D.M. Portmore, R.L1.P.

Derry — Lakelets near Kilrea, R.L1.P.

U. intermedia Hayne.

Antrim — On a large peat-bog near Rasharkin, D.M. ; Cybele Hibernica.
Abundant and fine in a boggy pool about a mile west of Lough
Naroon, R.L1.P. 6

U. minor L.

Down— Anahilt bog, and bog near the head of Kilkeel River [still
there, S. & P.], Templeton MSS. Altnadua Lake, S. & P. Near
Crossgar, C.H.W. Pollramer Lake, S.A.S. Ballydugan Lake,

R.L1.P.

!

192

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

Antrim — In marshes along the shore of Lough Beg, and near Trostan
mountain, 1837, Herb. D.M. Bog north of Ballymoney, R.L1.P.
Derry — Bogs near Maghera, and Garvagh, It. LLP.

PBIMULACES.

Kottonia palustris L. “ Everogue’s Bridge,” the original station for this
plant, is Crossgar, where it still grows abundantly, R.L1.P., B.N.F.C.
1890-1.

Primula vulgaris L. To 1500 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.

[P. veris L.

Antrim — Pare, only found in Glenarm Park, 1837, Herb. D. M. Lambeg,
in old pastures, H.W.L.]

Hot refound by S. & P. at Rostrevor, the only station in which the authors
of Flora considered it might be native. “ Must be removed from the list of native
plants,” S.A.S., /.A. 1894, in which opinion R.L1.P. agrees. To show how
this plant may be introduced to wild-looking habitats, we may quote the
following note by R.L1.P. : — “Abundant in an old pasture at Cherryvalley
near Crumlin. On enquiry it transpired that the stream that waters this meadow
passes through a stack-yard in which was stored hay that grew on the lawn at
Cherryvalley, where cowslips had been formerly planted, and hence the plant
spread to the present station. The cowslips appeared in the meadow the year
after the lawn had been cropped for hay.”

Ziysimacbla vulgaris L.

Down — Lakeside at Portavoe, and still at Lough Leagh, R.L1.P.

Xi. nummularia L.

Down — Kilmore near Crossgar, C.H.W.

Antrim— Lough Neagh shore at Langford Lodge, R.L1.P.

Anagallis arvensis L. var. (3. A. coerulea Schreb.

Antrim— Bank near the gate of Belfast Botanic Garden, J. J. Andrew;

R. L1.P., B.N.F.C. 1890-1.

A. tenella L. To 1600 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.

Down — Frequent in Moume district, S. & P.

Antrim — Throughout the county, R.L1.P.

Centunculus minimus L.

Down— Abundant on drained site at Ballymartin Lake, near Annalong,

S. &P.

*94-95*]

193

Samolus valerandi L.

Down — Narrow- water demesne and mouth of White Water, S. & P.
Antrim— Shores of Lough Beg, Miss Knowles. Portrush and Dunluce,

R.L1.P.

PLUIYEBAGINACE.ZE.

Statice bahusiensis Fr.

Down — Many places on both sides of Strangford Lough, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Abundant at upper end of Larne Lough, R.L1.P.

PIi ANT AGIN ACEJE.

Plantago lanceolata L. To 1150 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.

P. major L. var. P. intermedia Lilib.

Antrim— Plentiful on shore of Lough Neagh at Crumlin waterfoot, S. A.S.

Iiittorella lacustris L. To 1350 feet in the Mournes, S. & P. ; there is no
lake at 1500 feet, the elevation given by H. 0. Hart, It. I. A.

CHENOPODZACEJC.

Salsola kali L.

Antrim — Bushfoot, White Park Bay, It. Ll.P.

Derry— Benone, Mrs. Leehody.

Chenopodium bonus-benricus L.

Antrim— Bailee, Miss Knowles. Cullybackey, S. A. Brenan. Clough
and Broughshane, H.W.L. Magheragall near Lisburn, It. Ll.P.
Derry — Kilrea, Mrs. Leehody.

Beta maritima L.

Down— Dunnyneile Island near Killyleagh (R.L1.P.), B.N.F C. 1891-2.

Portavoe and Millisle, R.L1.P.; S.A.S., 7.2V. 1894. Newry, R.L1.P.
Antrim — Maritime rocks from White Park to Derrygregor Head, 1836,
Herb. D.M. Refound on Rathlin Island, R.L1.P., B.JSf.F.C. 1889-90.
White Park Bay and Kinbane Head, R.L1.P. ; S.A.S., I.N. 1894.
Derry — Downhill, Mrs. Leehody.

Atriplex erecta Huds.

Down — Newcastle, S. & P.

Derry — Bellarena, Mrs. Leehody.

I

1 94

[Appendix B.N.F,C.

A. deltoidea var. p. A. salina Bab.

Derry — Shore near Bellarena, Mrs. Leebody.

A. farinosa Dum.

Down— Shore south of Millisle, and still at Groomsport and Newcastle,
R.L1.P.

Antrim — Redbay, Cushendun, and Bushfoot, R.L1.P., B.N.F.C. 1892-3.
Foraff, Miss Knowles.

A. portulacoides L.

Down— Plentiful on sea-shore close to railway bank half a mile north of
Dundrum, Richd. Hanna.

This is its most northerly station in Ireland. In its other habitat in our
district, near Warrenpoint, it is abundant, and extends from Newry southwards.

POLYGON ACE A!.

Humes sanguineus L. The type is extremely rare. R.L1.P. has observed
it for some years by the roadside between Bally castle and the sea, which
is the only station we know of.

R. hydrolapathum Huds.

Down — Loughinisland (R.L1.P.), £ <N.F£ 1889-90. Ditches on site of
Moneyscalp Lake, S. & P. Near Killyleagh (R.L1.P.), B. . • •
1891-2. Kilmore near Crossgar, C.H.W. TuUymurry, Saul, and
Ballydugan, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Near Antrim, D. Redmond.

In the Downpatrick marshes it grows in immense abundance, so that in
autumn many acres are tinged red and brown with its stems and truit.

R. acetosa L. 2790 feet in the Moumes, Hart B.I.A. 1891.

R. acetosella L. 2790 feet in the Moumes, Hart R.I.A. 1891.

Polygonum bistorta L.

Antrim— Shore of Lough Neagh at Langford Lodge, H.W.L,

P. lapatbifolium L. . p

Down — Abundant on shore of Warrenpoint town reservoir, S. & r.

P. maculatum Dyer.

Down — Dundrum, 1894, C.H.W.

P. aviculare L. var. |3. P. littorale Link.

Down— Sandy shores at Newcastle and Mill Bay, S. Sc P.

i894-95-]

195

P. Rail Bab.

Down — Newcastle, S.A.S. ; Millisle, R.L1. P.

Antrim— Redbay and Ballycastle, R.L1.P. ; S.A.S., /.JV. 1894.

EMPETRACEai.

Empetrum nigrum L. 1900-2796 feet in the Moumes, S. & P. 0-1690
feet in Antrim, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Bogs above Dunloy and Rasbarkin, summit of Knocklavd, and
at sea -level at Torr, R.L1.P.

EUPHORBXACE1E.

Euphorbia exigua L.

Down — Kiliowen, S. & P. Margins of Lough Leagh (R.L1.P), B.N.F.C.
1891-2. Ballyknowe. near Downpatrick (R.L1.P.), B N.F.C. 1892-3.
Conlig, W. D. Donnan. Crossgar and Tullymurry, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Common about Ballymena, Miss Knowles.

Derry — Kilrea and Bally scullion, Mrs. Leebody.

Mercurial!* perennis L.

Down — In quantity on the “Dane’s Cast,” close to Scarva House, H,W.L.
Antrim — Still very abundant at Langford Lodge, R.L1.P.

CERATOPHTEEACEJE,

Ceratophyllum demersum L.

Down — Carrickmannan Lake near Saintfield, C.H.W.

CAIUTRXCBAGEJE.

Callitriehe stagnalis Scop. 1320 feet in the Moumes, Hart FL.I.A.

C. hamulata Kuetz. To 1150 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.
var. p. C. pedunculata DC.

Down— Mill-d8m near Hilltown, S. & P.

C. autumn alls L.

Down— Caatlewellan Lake, Annsboro’ Lake, and Long Lough, S A S
Derry Lake, R.L1.P.

Antrim— In Lough Neagh at Portmore, Templeton MSS. Abundant in
ditches by the Lagan Canal and shores of Lough Neagh. 1837,
Herb D.M. In the river at Bushfoot, and in the Bann at Toome!
R.L1.P. ; S.A.S., I.N. 1894.

196 [Appendix B.N.F.C.,

]}erry —Growing in the River Bann a little above the bridge, Templeton
MSS. Abundant in canal at Kilrea, R.L1.P.

TJRTICACEJE.

Parietaria officinalis L.

Down Tullybranagan near Newcastle, and Killowen, S. & P. Newry

and Clough Castle, H.W.L.

Antrim— Kilroot old church, R.L1.P.

cattmtabittacea:.

[Humulus lupulus L.

Antrim-— Cloghmills, H.W.L.]

AMENTirERJE.

Saliz pentandra L.

Down— By the Yellow Water m the Moumes, S. & P. Crawfordshum,
Moira, Tullymurry, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Near Templepatrick, S.A.S. Glendun, S. A. Brenan. Lisburn,
Stoneyford, Caimoastle, Drumnasole, Ballymena, Killagan, Cape-
castle, Bushmills, &c., R.L1.P.

Derry— Near the leap of Coleraine, Templeton MSS. Frequent about
Draperstown, Kilrea, and Garvagh, R.L1.P.

S. triandra L.

Antrim-Found in a hedge about half-way between Malone and the
Falls, and in osier grounds near Portmore Park, Templeton Mbb.

S. purpurea L.

Down— Moneyscalp, Crotlieve, and Lisnacree, S. & P. Holy wood and
Craigavad, R.L1.P.; S.A.S., l.N. 1894. Kilbroney, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Whitehead (R.L1.P.), B.X.F.C. 1890-1. Broughshane, Rashar-
kin, Capecastle, Kinbane Head, Bushmills, R.L1.P.

Derry— Roadsides near Upperlands, and frequent on mountain roads
above Draperstown, R.L1.P.

S. Smithiana Willd.

Down— Several stations in Mourne district, S. & P. Holywood Hills,
Ballywalter, Kilkeel, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Portmore, R.L1.P.

Derry — Roadsides south of Kilrea, R.L1.P.

1894-95-] 197

S. aurlta L. To 1500 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.

S. oaprea L.

Down— Near Rostrevor, Newcastle, Kilbroney River, and Ghann River
S. & P. Holy wood Hills, R.L1.P. ’

Antrim—Tisburn, Glenarm, Drumnasole, Runabay Head, Rasharkin, <fcc.
S. repens L. To 2000 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

S. berbacea L. 1700-2790 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Down— On most of the Mourne summits, S. & P.

Derry— Mullasturrakeen and Mullaghologher, R.L1.P.

A Co. Antrim specimen in Herb. D.M. is labelled “ Slievenanee ”
blievenamon, which is no doubt a misprint in Cybele Hibernica.

not

Populus tremula L. To 1200 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.

Down-Clifls south of Blue Lough, S. & P. On rough ground and
railway cuttings south of Crossgar, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Cliffs of Knockagh and Garron Point, and near source of Braid
River, and refound on Rathlin. R.L1.P.

Derry— Among rocks between Kilrea and Garvagh, R.L1.P.

Myrica grale L. To 1400 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.

Betula glutlnosa Fries. To 1400 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.
Down— Frequent in Moume Mountains, S. & P.

Antrim— Glenariff, Shoolbred IN. Ram’s Island, R.L1.P.
yar. p. B. pubescens Ehr.

Antrim — Glenariff and Glendun, Shoolbred I.N.

Quercus robur L. To 1300 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.
Corylus avellana L. To 1000 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

CONirERJE.

Tains baccata L.

Antrim— Rocks in the little Deerpark, Glenarm, and on the Cave Hill
1836, Herb. D.M. Certainly not now on Cave Hill, S.A.S.

Juniperus nana Willd. To 2000 feet in the Moumes, Hart It. I A
1000-2000 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

198

Down — Local in the Mourne Mountains, S. & P.

Antrim— Eefound in Glenariff, E.L1.P.

Derry— Eefound on Benevenagh (E.Ll.P.), B.N.F.G. 1892-3.

Juniperus sabina L. Templeton suggests in his MSS. that Lycopodium alpinum,
“ which is named hy many people Mountain Savin, was the plant
intended hy Harris (see Flora N.E.I., p. 301).

H7DROCHARIDACEJE.

Hydrocliaris morsus-range L.

Antrim— Bogholes at Gawley’s Gate, l£ miles west of its Portmore
habitat, E.L1.P., B.N.F.G. 1892-3. Introduced at Cushendun by
S. A. Brenan.

ORCBZDACEJE.

Orchis incarnata L.

Down— Hear Kilkeel, and hy Kilkeel Eiver under Slieve Bingian, S. & P.
Antrim— Stoneyford, Crumlin, and shores of Lough Beg, E.L1.P.

Derry — Maghera, Kilrea, Garvagh, E.L1.P.

O. pyramidalis L.

Antrim— Sparingly on chalk rubbish at Magheragall quarries near Lis-
burn, E.Ll.P., B.N.F.G. 1890-1.

Derry — In some abundance at the eastern end of Magilligan strand, Mrs.
Leebody; E.L1.P., B.N.F.G. 1892-3.

The single specimen that Dr. Moore found at Magilligan {Gybele mbernica)
was no doubt native, and was the first discovery of the species in the district.

fiymnad ftnia conopsea (L.) E.Br.

Antrim— Glynn, Herb. D.M. Caimcastle and Giant’s Causeway, E.L1.P.
Derry — Between Portstewart and Portrush, E.L1.P.

G. albida (Swartz) Eich.

Down— Conlig Hill, E.L1.P.; S.A.S., LN. 1894.

Antrim- On Carrickfergus Commons, and near Ballycastle, Herb JbM.
Glenariff, S. A. Brenan, and refound on Squire s Hill by W. t±.
Patterson ; S.A.S., I.N 1894. White Mountam above Lisburn,
E.L1.P.

Habenaria vlridis (L.) E.Br. p ..

Down— North of Annalong, and in Kilbroney valley, b. & P. Donng
Hill, E.L1.P.

1894-95-3

1 99

Antrim— Glendun, S. A. Brenan. Camaneigh, Binnagee, Dunloy, Knock-
layd, and common about Stoneyford, R.L1.P.

Derry -Benevenagh, R.L1.P., B.N.F.C. 1892-3. Abundant from
Benevenagh to Benbradagb, Mrs. Leebody. Magbera, Kilrea,
Garvagh, and near Sconce Hill, It. LLP.

H. bifolia R.Br.

Down— North of Annalong, and in the Kilbronev valley, S. & P.

Antrim— Cushendun, S. A. Brenan. Killagan, Causeway headlands,
and common about Stoneyford, B.L1.P.

Derry— Enagh Lough, Mrs. Leebody ; S.A.S., I.N. 1894. Near Dun-
given, Mrs. Leebody. Near Kilrea and Sconce Hill, R.L1.P.

B. chlorantha Bab.

Down — Frequent in the Moumes district, S. & P.

Antrim— Glenariff, Shoolbred I.N. Dunloy, Rasharkin, and common
about Stoneyford, R.L1.P.

Derry Common in north Derry, Mrs. Leebody. Common in the Bann
valley, R.L1.P.

Spiranthes Romanzoviana Cham.

Derry— Near Kilrea, Mrs. Leebody ; I.N. 1893, and R.L1.P. in Joun
Bot. 1898.

This extremely rare plant, the best addition to the flora of the north-east
which we have, to record, grows here in some abundance in meadows, which
should be described as damp pasture, rather than worn-out bog. It should be
looked for in similar situations elsewhere in the Bann valley. The counties of
Armagh and Cork are its only other stations in Europe.

Iilstera cordata (L.) R.Br.

Down— Slieve Bearnagh, Eagle Mountain, Carn Mountain, Slieve Lough
Shannagh, S. & P.

Antrim — On the Garron plateau, R.L1.P.

Derry — Benevenagh, Mrs. Leebody.

NTeottla nidus-avis (L.) Rich.

Antrim — Glenariff , (R.L1.P.), B.N.F.C. 1889-90. Whitehall near
Broughshane, S. A. Brenan.

Derry— Wood below Benevenagh (Miss Knowles), B.N.F.C. 1892-3.

Eplpactis lafifolia (L.) Swartz.

Down — Dromantine demesne, H.W.L.

Antrim — Near Ballymena, S. A. Brenan.

200

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

ALZSMACEJE.

Saffittaria sagittlfolia L.

Antrim — Crumlin Waterfoot, R.L1.P.

Butomus uxnbellatus L.

Down— Still at Lough Leagh, (R.L1.P.), B.JS.F.C. 1891 2.

Antrim— Mouth of Six-mile water, W. S. Smith. Crnmlin waterfoot,
Miss Knowles. Recently introduced at Langford Lodge from the
Lagan, S.A.S.

LIXiZACES.

S cilia verna L.

Down— Abundant Ardglass to Killough, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Still abundant on Rathlin, R.L1.P., B.N.F.C. 1889-90.

Allium urslnum L.

Down— Mourne Park, Bloody Bridge, Tollymore Park, S. & P. Dun-
donald and Downpatrick, R.L1.P.

Derry_ West of Downhill, Mrs. Leebody.

TUNCACSJE.

Juncus marltlmua Sm.

Antrim— Sparingly at the Giant’s Causeway, Herb. D.M.
j. effusus L. To 1837 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

J. glaucus (Huds.) Ehr.

Down Waste ground behind Queen’s Island Shipyard, W. D. Donnan.

Antrim -Cushendun, S. A. Brenan. Bally carry, Glynn, Langford Lodge,
R.L1.P.

J. obtuslfiorus Ehr.

Down— Marshy places on the Downs at Ardglass, C.H.W. Refound at
Dundrum Bay, by the railway f mile north of Dundrum, S.A.S.

J. acutiflorus Ehr. To 1900 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

J. supinus Moench. To 2000 feet in the Mournes, b. & P.

Down — Frequent in the Mournes. A submersed very slender form,
many feet in length, grows in the lakes and streams in up to 4 feet

894-95-]

201

of water, S & P. Aughnadanagh Lake near Saintfield (approaching
var. subverticillatus), C.H.W., Watson B.KC. 1893. PP g

Antrim— Siatt, Bailee, and Glenariff, Miss Knowles. Bogs near
Rasharkm and Dervock, R.L1.P. °

Derrr^lm^Vada,n^rS' .Leeb°dy- Common about Maghera, Kilrea
Garvagh, and Coleraine, R.L1.P. 6 ’

J. squarrosus L. To 2610 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.

TYPHAOEJE.

Typha latifolla L.

Down— Site of Moneyscalp Lake, Warrenpoint town reservoir, Narrow-
water demesne, S. & P Meenan Bog near Loughbrickland, H.W.L.
Bangor, Portavoe, Seaforde, Loughinisland, B.L1.P.

Antrim— Bush River, R.L1.P.

Derry Drains at Ballyscullion, Mrs. Leebody.

T. angustlfolia L.

Down -In Lough Neagh at mouth of Lagan Canal, R.L1 P B N.F C
1892-3 Still abundant in Lough Henney, C.H.W. Abundant 'in
Derry Lough near Ballynahinch, S.A.S.

Sparsanium ramosum Huds. var. b. mlcrocarpum Neuman.

Down —Loughinisland, C.H.W.

S. simplex Huds.

Down— Near KUkeel, Newcastle, and Warrenpoint, S. & P. Loughin-
^d^R.LLP.), B.N.F.G. 1889-90. Moira, C.H.W. Coiber,

Antrim— Bush River, R.L1.P.

Derry— Kilrea, Mrs. Leebody. Near Portglenone, R.L1.P.

S. natans L.

Down — Altnadua Lake, S. & P.

Antrim— In the Lagan, between the first and second locks, R.L1.P.

S. minimum Fr.

Down-Mffltown near Warrenpoint, S. & P. Small lake near Crossgar,

Antrim— Bog-holes west of Scawt Hill, B.L1.P. : S.A S. IN 1894
Near Parkmore, S. A. Brenan.

202

[Appendix B.N.F.C.

ARACESi

Acorus calamus L. Quite naturalized throughout the course of the Lagan
Canal.

Arum maculatum L. To 1000 feet in the Moumes, S. & P.

FOTAMOaETONACES.

Potamogeton polygonifolius Pourr. 1550 feet in the Moumes, Hart

R.I.A.

p. rufesoens Schrad.

Down -Lake (Ballykine Lough), Ballynahinch, R.LLP.
B.E.G. 1891-2. Burren River near Newcastle, b. «k r.

Watson

P. nitens Weber.

Down — Annshoro Lake, S.A.S., I.N. 1894.

Antrim — Six-mile water near Antrim, S.A.S., I.JS. 1894.

P. lucens L.

Derry — Magilligan, Mrs. Leehody.
var. c. longifolius Gay.

Antrim— Washed ashore at Crumlin Waterfoot, S.A.S.

P. undulatus Wolfg. (= P. perfoliatus x crispus).

Antrim— In the Six-mile River above Templepatrick, S.A.S., 1882-94
An infertile hybrid which grows in abundance at junction with
Doagh River and other places, vide Bennett, Journ. Bot. 1894, and
S.A.S. , I.N. 1894.

P. Zlzii Roth.

D0Wn — Lagan Canal near Blaris, S.A.S.

Antrim— Lough Neagh at Cranfield, S.A.S.

Derry— Bann at Kilrea, Mrs. Leebody.

p. obtusifolius M. & K.

Down — Loughinislandj R.L1.P .

Derry— Killelagh Lake above Maghera, R.L1.P.

P. pectinatus L.

Down — Clandeboye Lakes, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Quarry pools at Magheragall near Lisburn, R.L1.P,
Derry — Eglinton, Mrs. Leebody.

i894-95«]

203

Ruppia maritima L.

Derry — Carrickhue, Mrs. Leebody.

R< rostellata Koch.

Down— Stream at Blackstaff Bridge near Kirkcubbin, R.Ll.P.

Zannichellla palustris L.

Down — Stream at Blackstaff Bridge near Kirkcubbin, R.Ll.P.

Derry— Common in the Bann from Coleraine to the sea, R.Ll.P.

CYPEBACEiE.

Scnoenus nigricans L. To 1800 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Antrim— Lough Naroon, R.Ll.P.

Cladium mariscus (L.) R.Br.

Down— Sparingly on northern margin of Altnadua Lake near Castle-
wellan, S; & P. This is no doubt Templeton’s station, the location
. which is discussed in Flora ; the plant was thought to be extinct
m N.E. Ireland.

Antrim— In Lough Neagh at Portmore, Templeton M SS. Appears to be
now extinct at Lough Neagh.

Rhynchospora alba (L.) Yahl. 350-1225 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Down --Pools by Kilkeel River under Slieve Bingian ; near Colligan
Bridge ; base of Slieve-na-brock ; and near Cove Mountain, S. & P.

Antrim— “ With ripe seeds gathered in a bog near Ballycastle, 1797,” R.
Brown Bogs around Bally money [still there, R.Ll.P.], and
frequent m flow bogs in the north of the county, Herb. D.M.
var. p. sordida.

Antrim— Bog near Ballymena, Miss Knowles.

Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Sm.

Down— Shores of Lough Neagh at Anadroghal, H.W.L.

Derry Lough Neagh near Toome, and abundant in the centre of Lough
Beg, R.Ll.P., Journ. Bot. 1893. The plant appears to grow every-
where on the sandy bottom of Lough Beg in up to four feet of
water, and over an area of several square miles. This submerged
form has short, straight stems, and is always barren, R.Ll.P. (See
Journ. Bot. 1893.)

Scirpus maritimus L.

Down — Mill Bay and above Warrenpoint, S. & P.

204

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

S. sylvaticus L.

Down— Tollymore Park, S. & P. Ballydugan Take and near Killyleagh,
R.Ll.P.

Antrim- Broughshane, and by the Bann occasionally, R.Ll.P.

Derry — In several places by tbe Bann, Mrs. Leebody and R.Ll.P.

S. lacustrls L.

Down — Ballydugan and Killyleagh, R.Ll.P.

Antrim— Near Broughshane, Herb. Canon Grainger. Several places in
Main River, Miss Knowles and R.Ll.P. Rathlin Island, R.Ll.P.

S. Taberneemontani Gm.

Derry — Near Culmore, Mrs. Leebody.

S. panciflorus Lightf.

Down— Between Dunny Water Bridge and Annalong, Hart R.I.A.
Antrim — Rathlin Island, S.A.S.

Derry — Sandy shore of the Bann near its mouth, R.Ll.P.

S.fluitans L.

Down— Hilltown, Shimna River, Narrow- water demesne, S. & P.

Holy wood Hills, R.Ll.P.

Antrim— Causeway Headlands, R.Ll.P.

S. setaceus L.

Down — Tollymore Park, and source of Kilbroney River, v. & P. Saint*
field, C.H.W. Carngaver and Ballynahinch, R.Ll.P.

Antrim— Glenoe, Herb. D.M. Near Fair Head, and between Ballycastle
and Ballintoy, Shoolbred /.AT. Bushfoot, R.Ll.P.

Derry — Limavady and Enagh Lough, Mrs. Leebody. Garvagh, R.Ll.P.

g. Savii S. & M. 820 feet in the Moumes, Hart R.I.A.

Down— Glasdrumman, Dunny Water Bridge, White Water, Kilkeel,
Narrow- wafer, S. & P. Victoria Park, R.Ll.P.

Derry — Castlerock, R.Ll.P.

Blysmus rufus (Huds.) Link.

Down — Grey Point, and abundant from Kilclief to Strangford, R.Ll.P.

Eriopborum polystacbion L. var. y. alatius Koch.

Antrim — Bogs at Slatt and Bailee near Ballymena, Miss Knowles. Fine
specimens, over 3 feet in height.

i894-95-]

205

Cares dlolca L.

Antrim— Abundant through the parish of Ramoan, Herb. D.M.

C. pauciflora Lightf.

"Ktlri r^.1889’ An““gand welcome

C. disticha Huds.

Down— Hear Crossgar, C.H.W.

Antn^EipItJrT8m3b3r oame L°nSh’ KaMn Island,

LN- 1893< Common where the Bann leaves Lough Beg,

C. arenarla L.

Antrim-Cushendun, White Park Bay, Bushfoot, Portrush, B.L1.P.

C, vulpina L.

“saSKS.*? •' ■•>“<-<«. a*. ».».

Derry Eglinton, Mrs. Leebody. Bann mouth, R.L1.P.

C. murlcata L.

Ant1ho™Mpir„*y " Springfield Bead and the Forth River

above Clowney Bridge, Richd. Hanna ; S.A.S., I.N. 1894.

C. teretluscula Good.

C. panlculata L.

Antrim— Grange of Killagan, and Parish of Aghagallon Herb D M

IN- 1893 • ***' M”d> m

Derry— Kilrea, Mrs. Leebody.

C. canescens L.

Down— Camgaver, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Killagan, and bogs above Dunloy and Rasharkin R LI P
Derry— Hear Kilrea, Mrs. Leebody.

206

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

C.leporina L. .

Down — Sparingly on the lower grounds of Moume distnet; abundant
around Lough Island Heavy, S. & P. Aghaderg, H.W.L Victoria
Park, W. D. Donnan. Conlig, Killinchy, Downpatrick, R.Lil.r.
Antrim— Bailee and Cullybackey, Miss Knowles. Killagan and Dunloy,
R.L1.P.

Derry — Kilrea, Mrs. Leebody.

C. stricta Good.

Antrim— Side of Lough Neagh at Shane’s Castle, Herb. D.M. Abundant
and luxuriant on several spots around Portmore Lough, and islet on
Antrim side of Lough Beg, R.L1.P.; S.A.S., IN 1894. Frequent
where the Bann leaves Lough Beg, and agam half-way to Portgle-
none, and abundant on the river edge for half-a-mile at Portglenone
House, R.L1.P.

Derry — Side of the Bann near Coleraine, Herb. D.M. [Still there, below
the town, R.L1P.] Side of the Bann below Toome, R.L1.P. ;
S.A.S., I.N. 1894. By the Bann at Kilrea, Mrs. Leebody.

This plant, for which in Flora only Templeton’s notes could be quoted, is thus
abundantly restored to its place in our flora.

C. acuta L.

Antrim — Banks of the River Main, near Ballandraid, Herb. D.M.

C. rigida Good. Dr. Dickie’s record, “Summit of Slieve Donard,” was
certainly an error, S. & P.

C. aquatilis Wahl. var. elatior Bab.

Antrim— Ditch by the Main River in Shane’s Castle Park, R.Ll.P.,
Journ. Bot. 1892. See also A. Bennett in I.N. 1892.

C. Goodenovli Gay. To 1450 feet in the Moumes, Hart R.I.A. ; to 1400
feet, S. & P.

C. pallescens L.

Down— Tollymore Park, S. & P. Dundrum and Saintfield, C.H.W.

Aghaderg, H.W.L.

Derry — Kilrea, R.Ll.P.

C. limosa L.

Down— Plentiful in a wet marsh on Saul Camp ground at Downpatrick,
R.Ll.P., B.N.F.G. 1892-3.

Antrim — Bog east of Killagan railway station, margins of Lough Naroon,
and still frequent on wet bogs above Rasharkin, R.Ll.P.

i394-95-]

207

Derry— Margins of Lough Ouske in the Sperrin Mountains, R LI P
Journ. Bot. 1892.

C. strig-osa Huds.

Antrim— Near Muckamore, B.N.F.C. ; I.N. 1893.

C. pendula Huds.

Antrim— Glenariff, Shoolbred I.N. Langford Lodge, H.W.L. Wood-
burn Glen, R.L1.P.

C. preecox Jacq.

Antrim— Rathlin Island, R.L1.P., B.N.F.C. 1889-90.

Derry— Near Bellarena, Mrs. Leebody. Kilrea, R.L1.P.

C. pilulifera L.

Antrim— Glenariff, Shoolbred I.N.

C. giauca Scop. To 2510 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

C. CEderi, auct. plur.

Down— Augbnadarragh Lake, C.H.W. ; Watson B.E.C. 1893-4. By
Pollramer Lake, S.A.S. 3

C. extensa Good.

Down— By the (Juoile below Downpatrick, R.L1.P.

Derry — Coleraine, Mrs. Leebody. Bann mouth, R.L1.P.

C. Hornschuchiana Hoppe. To 1700 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Down— Between Dunny Water Bridge and Annalong, Hart It. I. A.

Frequent on the Mournes, S. & P. Camgaver, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Glensbesk, bogs above Agnew’s Hill, and bead of Glenariff,
Herb. D.M. Bogs above Dunloy and Rasharkin, R.L1.P.

Derry— Killelagb Lough above Magbera, and near Kilrea, R.L1.P.

C. dlstans L.

Down — South of Rostrevor, S. & P.

Antrim— Below Cushendall, Herb. D.M.

Derry— Near Portstewart, Mrs. Leebody. Bann mouth, R.L1.P.

C. binervis Sm. To 2394 feet on the Mournes, S. & P.

C. laevigata Sm.

Down— Between Dunny Water Bridge and Annalong, Hart R.I.A.
Moume Park, S. & P. Kilmore near Crossgar, C.H.W., Watson
B.E.C. 1893-4.

Derry— Dungiven, Mrs. Leebody.

208 [Appendix B.N.F.C.,

C. filiformis L.

Antrim — A fine specimen is in Herb. D.M., labelled “ At S el chin neu
deer park, side of Lough Neagh, July, 1832.” This plant, whicl
is included among the “ Plants erroneously recorded ” in Flora, musi
therefore be restored to its place in our flora, though it is feared it h
now extinct, through drainage, along with C. elongata, which grew
at the same place.

C. hirta L.

Down — White Water, S. & P. Aghaderg and Tullylish, H.W.L
Cultra, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Shane’s Castle, W. D. Donnan. Glenarm, R.L1.P.

Derry — Maghera, Mrs. Leebody. Bellarena, W. Kennedy. Kilrea
R.L1.P.

C. rostrata Stokes. To 1150 feet in the Mournes, Hart R.I.A.; also S. & P.
var. p. robusta Sonder.

Down — Brown Bog near Loughbrickland, H.W.L.

C. vesicaria L.

Down — Pollramer Lake, C.H.W. Brown Bog near Loughbrickland
H.W.L.

Antrim — Cushendall, and abundant by the Bann at Portglenone House
and at its outflow from Lough Beg, R.L1.P.

Derry — By the Bann at Kilrea, Mrs. Leebody.

C. paludosa Good.

Derry — Side of the River Bann below Coleraine, Herb. D.M.

C. riparia Curt.

Antrim — Still at Portmore, by the Tunny drain, R.L1.P.

Derry - Abundant in several spots on south bank of Bann, between Cole
raine and the sea, R.L1.P.

GRAITCINEJE.

Anthoxantbum odorafum L. To 2394 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Alopecurus pratensis L.

Down — Donaghadee, S.A.S., J.W. 1894.

Antrim— Stranmillis, Ballygomartin, and roadside beyond Ligonie
S.A.S.

ITardus atrlcta L. To 2449 feet in the Mournes, S. <fc P.

i 894-95-]

209

Milium effusum L.

Down— Wooded shore of lough south of Rostrevor, S. & P Drumcro
and near Magheralin, C.H.W. drumcro

Antrim— Collon [Colin] Glen, near the large waterfall, Herb. D.M.

Phragrmltes communis Trin.

D°^rds?R!Ll0 P in M0Ume district’ S' & Pl Holywood a*d Newtown-

Antrim— Shane’s Castle, wet hogs above Dunloy and Rasharkin, and
frequent m Lough Beg, and by the Bann from Lough Beg to the sea
m Antrim and Derry, R.L1.P. S S e sea

Calamagrostis epigejos Roth Searched for at Formoyle Hill by Mrs Leehodv

18948withant by MrS' Leebod^ Miss Knowles, and R.L1.P. in
1894, without success ; apparently extinct there.

C. Hooker! Syme.

Antrim— °n the sboreA of .Lou#h ^eagh occasionally all the way from
Toome Bridge to Antrim, Herb. D.M. y

forbore7 byR lTp f ^ in for CWh Tsland' Searched

pasture 7 RmU’Tt m 189o> wlthout access; the place is now close-cropped

Arrostis canlna L. To 2300 feet on the Mournes S & P

s- & p-

Antrim— Mazetown, Castle Hpton, and Crumlin Waterfoot, S.A.S.

A. vu^aris^ With. g var^ (3. A. pumila Lightf. 1200 -1600 feet in the

Down— Slieve Bingian and Eagle Mountain, S. & P.

Antrim— Ballycastle, R.L1.P.

Den-y-Wenagh, E.L1P., B.N.F.C. 1892-3. Near Maghera and
Ailrea, sand-dunes at Bann mouth, and fields at Magilligan, R.L1.P.

A. alba L. To 2055 feet on the Mournes, S. & P.

Holcus lanatus L. To 1350 feet on the Mournes, S. & P.

H. mollis L.

Down— A tall (4 feet) slender form at White Water, S. & P. Castle-
wellan Park, S.A.S.

Derry— Limavady, Mrs. Leehody. Kilrea, R.L1.P.

210

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

Aira flexuosa L. To 2790 feet on the Moumes, Hart JR. I. A., also S. & P.
Down— Common on the Mournes, S. & P. Hills above Dundonald,
S.A.S.

Antrim — Above Dunloy and Rasharkin, R.L1.P.

Derry — Benevenagb and Benbradagb, S.A.S. Garvagh, R.L1.P.

A. prsecox L. To 1662 feet on the Moumes, S. & P.

Trlsetum flavescens (L.) Beauv.

Down— Killyleagh (R.L1.P.), B.Jf.F.G. 1891-2. Marino, Cultra, New
townards, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Plenty near Antrim and Ballinderry, Herb. D.M. Lisburn
Park, Greenisland, Carrickfergus, R.L1.P.

Derry — On a wall at Garvagb, R. Ll.P .

[Avena fatua L.

Antrim — Rubbish heaps at Springfield, Belfast,' with other casuals,
S.A.S.]

[A. strigosa Schreb.

Antrim — Frequent near Clogb Mills, Herb. D.M.]

A. pubescens L.

Down— Shore at Craigavad, R.L1.P.

W. D. Donnan.
station).

Antrim— Cliffs of Cave Hill, and in Parkmore wood, S.A.S.

S.A.S., I.N. 1894. Holywood,
Not found by S. & P. at Newcastle (Templeton’s

Trlodla decumbens Beauv.

Derry— Moume district frequent, S. & P. Near Lough Shark, H.W.L.
and C.H.W.

Antrim— Glenariff, Sboolbred I.N. Cusbendun, Dunloy, R.L1.P.
Derry— Magbera, Kilrea, Garvagb, Bann mouth, R.L1.P.

Koehlerla crlstata (L.) Pers.

Antrim— Dry, sandy ground at Cushendall, Herb. D.M. Still at Giant si
Causeway, and still on Islandmagee, growing 3 feet high at the
Rocking-stone, R.L1.P.

Melica uniflora Retz.

Down — Frequent in Mourne district, S. & P.

Downpatrick, R.L1.P.

UUWU ^ — 7 - T1 T3

Antrim— Glenariff, H.W.L. Camlougb and Shane s Castle, R.Ll.t7.
Derry — Garvagb, Mrs. Leebody. Kilrea, R.L1.P.

I

1 894-95-]

2 1 1

Molinia cserulea Schreb. To 2449 feet on the Moumes, S. & P.

Antrim— Bogs at Killagan and above Dunloy, R.L1.P.

Poa annua L. To 2450 feet on the Moumes, S. & P.

P. pratensis L. To 1350 feet on the Mournes, S. & P. We could not find
it on summit of Slieve Donard, whence it is recorded with a ? by Dickie
(Flor. TTlat.)t and apparently copied from this work (but without the ? )
into Gybele Hibernica and Mr. Hart’s Report, R.I.A. 1891 • and we
believe this note to be a mistake.

Glycerla fluitans (L.) R.Br. To 1150 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Scblerochloa dlstans (L.) Bab.

Down — Warrenpoint, S. & P.

S. rlgida (L.) Link.

Down— Walls by the sea at Ardglass and Killough, R.L1.P., B NFC
1892-93.

Antrim — Wall top at Magheramorne railway station, R.L1.P.

S. lollacea (Huds.) Woods.

Down— White Water, and near Newcastle, S. & P. By Ballyduean
Lake, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Redbay, Cushendun, and still at Ballycastle and 01derfleet,R.Ll.P.

Briza media L.

Down — Narrow- water, S. & P. Newcastle, C.H.W. Killinchy, R.L1.P.

Catabrosa aquatica Beauv.

D own — Saintfield, D. Redmond.

Antrim — Dervock, R.L1.P.

Derry— Lignapeiste Glen, Mrs. Leebody. Near Upperlands and Maghera,
Miss Knowles. Near Garvagh, R.L1.P.

Festuca sciuroides Roth.

Down— Near Warrenpoint, S. & P. Rostrevor, H.W.L. Downpatrick,
and still at Holywood, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Randalstown, W. D. Donnan.

F. ovina L. Type ascends to 1500 feet, and viviparous form ranges from 200
to 2796 feet on the Moumes, S. & P.

var. p. P. tenuifolia Sibth.

Down— Cliffs of Slieve Muck, at 1600 feet, S.A.S.

212

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

var. y. F. duriuscula L.

Antrim— Frequent in meadows throughout the Co. of Ant™, especially
along the shores of L. Neagh, Herb. D.M. Glenanff, Shoolbred I.X.
Knockagh, R.L1.P.

F. rubra L. To 1600 feet in the Mouraes, S. & P.

T. sylvatica Till.

Down— Abundant and luxuriant by tbe Sbimna and Spinkwee Rivers in
Tollymore Park, S. & P.

F. glgantea Till.

Down — Moygannon Glen, Moume Park, Tollymore Park, S. & P.
Holywood Waterworks, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Orumlin "W aterfoot, S.A.S. Massereene Park, R.L1.P.

Derry — Magilligan, Mrs. Leebody.

F. arundinacea Scbreb.

Down— Tollymore Park, S. & P. .1 Dundrum, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Templepatrick and Knockagh, |S. A. S. Island at north end of
Lough Beg, Mrs. Leebody. Busbfoot, R.L1.P.

Derry — TTpperlands,*Kilrea, and Magilligan, ^_R. LI. P.

Bromus sterllls L.

Down-Abundant from Eillowen to Seafield, and sparingly at Warren-
point, S. & P. '^Killowen church at Killyleagb, (R.L1.P.), B.Jv.r- 0.
1891-2.

Antrim— Roadside between '.Ballycastle and tbe sea, R.L1.P.

For “ railway bank ” at Marino in Flora read “ railway bridge.

B. racemosus L.

Down — Holywood, R.L1.P.

Antrim — White well, R.L1.P.

[B. secalinuB Bab.

Antrim— Waste ground at Duncrue Street, Belfast, and hedge-bank at
Magheragall near .Lisburn, R.L1.P.]

Triticum caninum L. p

Down— Shore a mile south of Newcastle, and near Kilkeel, b. &
Sandy shore at Groomsport, S.A.S.

1 894-95-]

2I3

T. acutum DC.

Down-Gravelly shore of Ballyhornan Bay, S.A.S.
Antrim— Sandy shore, Red Bay, Shoolbred I.N.

T. junceum L.

Down— Kilkeel and Greencastle, S. & P.

Antrim— Ballycastle, R.L1.P.

[Hordeum murlnum L.

Antrim— Garron Point, 1861, H.W.L.]

Xiepturus filiformis Trin.

Down-Between Warrenpoint and Narrow-water, H.W.L.
Antrim— Shores at Larne Lough plentifully, Herb. D.M.

[Lolium temulentum L.

Antrim— Near Larne, Herb. D.M.

Derry— Near Limavady, Mrs. Leebody.]

CRYPTOGAMIA.

EQUISBTACEJD.

Equisetum pratense Ehr.

Grainger. Glen on north side of Garron Point, R.lu? b' Catl<m

B. sylvatlcum L. To 1000 feet in the Mournes, S. & P.

Down— Frequent in Mourne district, S. & P.

Antrim-Rasharkin, and from Ballymoney to Ballycastle, R LI P
erRXhpar LondonderrL’ Mrs- Leebody. Kilrea and Garvagh,

,,mOSTa™n M?. °“ ^ M0™eS’ S' & ^ O”

E. palustre L., var. (3. polystaehium.

An%a^“p!mdIim8’ and Sandy Sh0r60f LouSh Neagh at Shanes’

i

214

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

Var. y. nudum DC.

Antrim— Sandy shore of Lough Neagh at Shane’s Castle, R.L1.P.

E. Uvemale L. To 1700 feet on the Moumes (C.H.W.), S. & P.

Down — By Kilbroney River, Yellow Water, Rocky River near HiHtown,
Annalong River, and on Thomas Mountain (C.H.W.), S. & 1 .
Near Edenderry, Templeton MSS. ; refound here by R.L1. P., on the
edge of the Lagan ; B.N.F.C. 1892-3 On the Lagan side half; way
between Shaw’s Bridge and Drum Bridge [? Down or Antrim],
Templeton MSS.

Antrim — Cullybackey, Herb. Canon Grainger. Glen above Hightown,

north of Squire’s Hill, CEJ By the Genarm Kryerabove Park
mill, and northern branch of Glenanff, R.L1.P., B.iY.A.6. 1892-3.

Derry— Glen near Magilligan, Mrs. Leebody.

E. tradiyodon A. Braun.

Antrim — Glenariff, Herb. D.M.

D erry — Refound in Ballyharrigan Glen, Mrs. Leebody.

FZI.ZCES.

Cryptogramme crlspa R.Br. 1200-1700 feet on the Moumes, S. & P.

Down — Extremely rare, hut seen in four of its half-dozen known Mourae
stations by S. & P.

Polypodium vulgare L. To 2449 feet on the Moumes, S. & P.

P. phegopteris L. To 2250 feet in the Moumes, Hart-B.f.X 800-2000
feet on the Moumes, S. & P.

Down— Frequent on the Moumes; some 20 stations are given by S. & P.
Antrim — Glencloy, R.L1.P.

P dryopteris L. Searched for on Knocklayd by S.A.S. in 1882, and by
R LI P in 1892 and 1894, but without success. A more unlikely habitat
for this fern than the bare slopes of Knocklayd could not be imagined,
but Dr. Moore’s record is supported by specimens m his herbarium.
Could it have been planted there, as P. Pobertianum was on t arlingford
Mountain (I. If. 1893, p. 22) ?

astrea thelypteris Presl.

Antrim — Portmore Lough, Selchin, side of
additional notes which go to show the
drainage operations destroyed it.

Lough Neagh, Herb. D.M. —
abundance of this fern before

i894-95-]

215

*' oreopterls (Ehr-) Presl. 20-2000 feet on the Mournes S & P

Down A number of Moume stations are given by S & P but the

gr°Und8 °f ‘he "ortiemXT^

Derry— By the
R.L1.P.

Dlenomna" water, and on roadside above

Upperlands,

1. flllx-mas (L.) Presl.gTo 1600 feet on the Mournes, S. & P.
var. p. Jm. Borrerl Neum.

Common throughout the threefcounties, R.L1 p.
var. 8. !■. abbreviata DC.

Down— Abundant on cliffs of Eagle Mountain, 1300-1500 feet, S. & P.jf/
1.. spinulosa (Roth)|Presl.

Derry— On bogs two miles south of Kilrea Blip „

Roe above Limavady, Mrs. Leebody Refound by the

i. dllatata (Willd.) Presl. To 2449 feet on the Mournes, S. & P.

Xu aemula Brack. 100-1430 feet on the Mournes, S. & P.

Down Local‘in Moume district. S. & P. Saintfield, C II W

Den^Gtbndp ’ V- BTren3n- E°adside S°Uth °f B“. K-L1.P.
Derry By the Roe above Limavady, Mrs. Leebody.

Polystlchum aculeatum (L.) Roth.

Down— Craigauntlet and Killinchy, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Shane’s Castle and Dunloy, R.L1.P.

Cystopterls fragilis (L.) Bernh. 800-2000 feet on the Mournes, S. & P
Down— Along the Slieve Muck ridge, S. & P.

AntaDa^s0rthlLbaSe °f Kn°ckI*yd’ Herb' D-M- Glenshesk, J. H.
DerrtohoUdy8. °f Be“eTCna«h> Shoolbred I.N. Old waU at Kilrea, Mrs.

Athyrtum fiilx-foemlna (L.) Koth. To 2449 feet on the Mournes, S. & P.

Asplenlum adlantum-nigrum L. To 1000 feet on the Mournes, S & P

?n throhgiout the district-a long list of further localities
migni oe given.

far. p. A. acuttm Bory.H The Beneyenagh plant of Flora, though a very

Sh»t A' “(lantum;n'9™m, cannot be correctly pkced here'

Sherard s MourneJMovmtam plant (Herb. Oxon. and Ran Synopsis)

Iw tanen ,pll‘.niu6e’*form of Athyrium JiUx~f<emina, the V ?
tnat known to fern growers as kalothrix, S. & P.

2l6

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

A tetobomanes L. To 1600 feet on the Moumes, S. ft P.

Down— Frequent throughout the Mournes, S. ft. P. Crawfordsbum,

R.L1.P. . T>TTD

^ntrim White Park Bay and Giant’s Causeway, K.L1.F.

Derry By the Roe above Limavady, Mrs. Leebody.

As marinum L.

Derry — Benevenagh Cliffs, Shoolbred I.N.

. t Growing on trap-rock on Benevenagh, R.L1.P.,

A. rn j^ -p G 1892-3, and the same at Fair Head, R.L1.P.

CeteXwn-NeTa“g [5ft 1889-90. Maryfield near Holywood,

D w Patterson. Ringdufferin, J. Wilson Larchfield near
r esacurry, J. H. Davies. Ardilea House near Dundrum, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Glemnore near Lisburn, J. H. Davies. Bridge in Glendun,
S. A. Brenan.

Derrv— Wall at Prehen near Londonderry, Mrs. Bernard.

The prevailing form in the district is var. cremtum Milde; the type is

apparently rare.

Blecbnum splcant Both. To 2449 feet on the Moumes, S. ft P.

Pterls aquiltna L. To 1450 feet on the Moumes, Hart 1 ; 1400 feet
on the Mournes, S. & P.

• 77 „ t a oVippt of small fronds in Mr. Hanbury s

labelled “Morne Mns., Co. Down Ireland.” There
iTno date or collectors name. The sheet has no history, and comes
from some old herbarium.

B unilateral® Wffld. To 1750 feet on the Moumes, Hart Jt.I.A. ; 150-
1500 feet on the Mournes, b. & r.

Down— Some additional Mourne Mountain localities are given y
S. &P.

Osmu Down_West gide of giieve Bingian, and by the Causeway water; still
at Bloody Bum and sea-cliffs south of Newcastle; apparently
extinct by the Glen River, S. & P.

1894-95-]

217

Antrim— Island of Rathlin, sparingly, and on boggy ground along the
side of Portmore Lough, Herb. D.M. Hear Whitehall at Brough -
shane, S. A. Brenan. Still lingers by Lough Neagh at Shane’s
Castle, R.L1.P. ; S.A.S., I.N. 1894.

Derry— By Lough Bran above Maghera, R.L1.P. Bog two miles east of
Kilrea, R.L1.P.

Botrycliium lunaria (L.) Sw.

Down— Bloody Bridge, S. & P. Conlig Hill, R.L1.P. Tonaghmore
Hill near Saintfield, D. Redmond.

Antrim— Rathlin Island, R.L1.P., B.N.F.C. 1889-90. Glenariff, S. A.
Brenan. Summit of Binnagee near Carnlough, R.L1.P.

Ophioglossum vulgratum L.

Down — Rostrevor, S. & P. Saintfield, C.H.W. Loughbrickland, H.W.L.
Clandeboye demesne, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Glenmore near Lisburn, J. H. Davies. Glenballyemon, S. A.

Brenan. Langford Lodge and Binnagee, R.L1.P.

Derry — Kilrea, Mrs. Leehody.

MARSXLEiiCliJE.

Pilularia globulifera L.

Antrim — Drain, side of Portmore Lough, Herb. D.M.

lycopodsacbje.

Xsoetes laeustris L. 1100-1350 feet [not 1500] in the Mournes, S. & P
Descends to less than 50 feet in Antrim (Lough Neagh, D.M.).

Down — Blue Lough and Lough Shannagh, S. & P.

Antrim— Shore of Lough Neagh near Toome Bridge and Selchin, and at
Lady Bay in parish of Glenavy, Herb. D.M. Craigfad Lough above
Carnlough, R.L1.P. b

Lycopodium clavatum L.

Down— One plant on Slieve Donard at 2450 feet, S. & P. Slieve Com-
medagh, H.W.L.

Antrim— Skerry, Herb. D.M. Evish Mountain near Parkmore, and
Glenleslie near Clogh, H.W.L. Summit of Knocklayd, R.L1.P.
Derry — Crockmore above Draperstown, R.L1.P., Journ. Bot. 1892.

L. alpinum L. 1900-2796 feet on the Mournes, S. & P.

Down — On most of the Mourne summits, S. & P.

/

2l8

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

Antrim— Near Retreat, S. A. Brenan. Cloughcor above Glenariff,
H W L. Summit of Trostan, and of Little Trosk above Camlough,
R.L1.P.

I,, selago L. To 2796 feet on tbe Moumes, S. & P.

Selaglnella spinosa Beauv. To 2020 feet on tbe Moumes, Hart E.I.A.
0-2000 feet on tbe Moumes, S. & P.

Down — Common on tbe Moumes, S. & P.

CHARACEJE.

Chara fragilis Desv.

Down— Co. Down [Lougbinisland], S.A.S. ; H. & J. Groves Journ. Bot.
1890. Warrenpoint town reservoir, S. & P. Ballyward Lake and
Castlewellan Lake, S.A.S. Bull’s Eye near Downpatrick, Clande-
boye lakes, Conlig Hill, and Ballygowan quarries, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Lougb Neagb, D. Moore ; Groves I.N. Bogbole above Carn-
lougb, R.L1.P.
var. barb at a Gant.

Down— Holywood Hills, R.L1.P. : Groves I.N. South side of Tardree
Hill, Herb. Canon Grainger. Clandeboye lower lake, and near
Craigauntlet, R.L1.P.

Antrim — Lougb Beg [Portmore Lougb], W . Thompson ; Groves I.N.
var. Hedwigii Kuetz.

Down — Holywood Hills, R.L1.P. ; Groves I.N .
var. delicatula Braun.

Antrim — Ram’s Island, H.W.L.

C. aspera Willd.

Down — Money Lake, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Rathlin, Hb. D. Moore ; Groves I.N. Lougb Beg, R.L1.P. 5
Groves I.N. (abundant at north end of tbe lake, R.L1.P.). m
Lougb Neagb near Shane’s Castle, R.L1.P.

Derry— Lougb Beg, R.L1.P. ; Groves I.N.

var. lacustrls H. & J. G.

Antrim— Lougb Neagb, Crumlin, S.A.S. ; Groves I.N.

var. subin ermls Kuetz.

Antrim— Rathlin Island, D. Moore; Groves I.N. Ram’s Island,
H.W.L.

Derry — River Bann [below Coleraine], R.L1.P. ; Groves I.N.

i894-9S-]

219

C. eontrarla Kuetz.

Down— Clandeboye Lake, R.Ll.P., B.N.F.C. 1892-3.

Derry— Brackish pools at Limavady Junction, R.Ll.P. and W D
Donnan ; R.L1.P., B.N.F.C. 1890-1.

C. hisplda L.

Down— Downpatrick, R.L1.P. ; Groves I. If. It grows here in Money
Lake and m the Bull’s Eye, R.L1.P.

r)errLeebodBann’ Coleraine’ D’ Moore J Groves I.If. Magilligan, Mrs.

var. rudls Braun.

Down— Money Lake, R.L1.P.

C. vulgaris L.

Down— Downpatrick, and Clandehoye Lakes, R.L1.P.
Antrim— In Lough Neagh south of Shane’s Castle, R.L1.P.
Derry— Magilligan, Mrs. Leehody ; Groves I.If.

var. longlbracteata Kuetz.

Down— —Co. Down [Victoria Park], S.A.S. ; H. & J. Groves, Journ. Bot.

1890. Blackstaff Bridge near Kirkcubbin, R.L1.P.

Antrim— Springfield, W. M. Hind ; Groves I.If.

Iffltella translucens A g.

Down— Pool on Conlig Hill, W. D. Donnan. Very abundant in a small
lake in Llandeboye demesne, R.L1.P.

Antrim Lissanorn Castle, D. Moore ; Groves I.If.

Derry— Kilrea, D. Moore; Groves I.If. (still there, R.L1.P.). Enagh
Lough, Mrs. Leebody. Killelagh Lough above Maghera, R.Ll.P.

Down-Tollymore Park, Burren River, Lough Island Reavy, and by
Bann. above Hilltown, S. & P. Money Lake and Ballygowan
quarries, R.Ll.P.

Antmn— Ram’s Island, H.W.L. Six-mile River at Templepatrick,

Derry— Kilrea, W. Thompson; Groves I.If. Racecourse bog near
Londonderry, Mrs. Leebody. Killelagh Lough above Maghera,
xt.JLl.P.

220

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

M U S C I .

AITDKS^ACEJE.

Andresea crassinervis Bruch.

Down — Eagle Mountain, C.H.W. ; Lett R.I.A.

A.rupestrls (L.) Both.

Down — Summit of Slieve Bignian, H.W.L.
var. falcata Schimper.

Down — Bocky Mountain near Hilltown, C.H.W.
var. liamata Lindb.

Down — Slieve Commedagh and Slieve Dermot, H.W.L.

POL7TRZCHACEJB.

Oligotrichum lncurvum (Huds.) Lindh.

Down — I 'evil’s Brewing Pan at Mourne Mountains, Templeton MSS.
Antrim — Gravelly heath above Cave Hill Deerpark, C.H.W.

Polyfrichum urnigrerum Linn.

Derry— Garvagh, S. A. Brenan; H.W.L.

P. attenuatum Menz.

Down — Drumsallagh, Aghaderg, H.W.L. 1889. Saintfield demesne,
C.H.W. & H.W.L.

DSCHAlVACEiE.

Pleurldium axillare (Dicks.) Lindh.

Down— Abundant in stubble fields, and by the lake shore at Loughbrick-
land, H.W.L.

P. subulatum (Huds.) Baben.

Down — Warrenpoint, C.H.W. Scarva, H.W.L.

Antrim — Glendun, S. A. Brenan ; H.W.L.

Ditriehum bomomallum (Hedw.) Hampe.

Antrim— Glenariff, H.W.L.

i894-95*]

221

Anlsotheclum crispum (Schreb.) Lindb. var. 0. elatum.

Antrim Cushendall, H. N. Dixon, Journ. Bot. 1891.
Seems to be tbe only Irish locality for this variety.

A. rubrum (Huds.) Lindb.

Down— Deer’s Meadow and Rocky Mountain, Lett R.l.A.

A. rufescens (Dicks.) Lindb.

Down— Abundant on shores of Loughbrickland, H.W.L.

A. squarrosum (Starke) Lindb.

Antrim— Slievenanee and Glenballyemon, H.W.L.

Campylopus fleznosus (L.) Brid.

Antrim— Cloughcor near Glenariff, H.W.L.

C. setlfollus Wilson.

Down— Pigeon Rock Mountain, Lett R.l.A.

Blcranowelssia clrrata (L.) Lindb.

Antrim— On thorn bushes in Cave Hill Deerpark, C.H.W

Dicranum majus Sm.

Derry— Lignapeiste Glen, Mrs. Leebody.

D. Bonjeanl De Not.

Down — Slieve Dermot, Lett R.l.A.

Antrim — Parkmore, H.W.L.

D. fuscescens Turner.

Down— Shanlieve, C.H.W. ; Lett R.l.A.

Scottll Turner.

Down — Hen Mountain, Lett R.l.A.

Dlcbodontlum pelluddum (L.) Schimp.

Antrim Cushendall, H. N. Dixon, Journ. Bot. 1891.

D. flavescens (Dicks.) Lindb.

Antrim— Ballycastle, H. N. Dixon, Journ. Bot. 1891.

222

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

TOETU1ACESI.

Pott la Helmii (Hedw.) Fuem.

Antrim — Giant’s Causeway, H. N. Dixon, Journ. Bot. 1891.
Derry — Between Portstewart and Bann mouth, H.W.L.

P. Starke! (Hedw.) C. Muell.

Antrim- Ditch-bank at Ballysillan limestone quarries, S.A.S.

Tor tula ericcefolia (Neck.) Lindb.

Down— Old quarry at Maralin, H.W.L.

Antrim— Ditch-bank at Ballysillan limestone quarry, S.A.S.

T. paplllosa Wils.

Down— Drumsallagh, Aghaderg, H.W.L.

Ti princeps De Not.

Antrim -Gleuarm Deerpark, D.M. ; Brit. Most Flora.
Derry — Benevenagh, S.A.S.; Brit. Most Flora.

Mollia microstoma Lindb.

Down— Near Warrenpoint, C.H.W. ; Lett R.I.A.
Antrim— Ballycastle, H. N. Dixon, Journ. Bot. 1891.

XVI. aeruginosa (Sm.) Lindb.

Antrim-Parkmore and Glenballyemon, H.W.L. Drumnasole, S. A.
Brenan; H.W.L.

M. verticillata (L.) Lindb.

Down— Wall of bridge in Tollymore Park, C.H.W. ;
Antrim— Glenarm, H. N. Dixon, Journ. Bot. 1891.

H.W.L.

M. crispula (Bruch) Lindb.

Antrim— Ballycastle, in fruit, H. N. Dixon, Journ. Bot. 1891.

M. lit or alls (Mitt.) Braith. „ , 1Qn1

Antr i m — Cushendall and Ballycastle, H. N.|Dixon, Journ. Bot. 1891.

M. bracbydontia Lindb.

Down — Kinehalla, H.W.L.

1VX. tenuirostris (Hook. & Tayl.).

Down — Several stations in Mourne Mountains, H.W.L.

i*94-95-3

223

M. lnclinata (Hed.) Lindb.

Antrim — Portrush, H.W.L.
Derry — Portstewart, H.W.L.

B*. tortuosa (L.) Schrank.

Antrim— Drumnasole, S. A. Brenan ; H.W.L.

Barbula curvirostris (Ehr.) Lindb.

Down— Cove Mountain, Lett R.I.A.

B. spadlcea Mill.

Down— Tollymore Park, Lett R.I.A.

B.rlgldula (Hed.) Mitt.

Antrim — Fairliead, H. W.L.

B. cylindrlca (Tayl.) Schimp.

Antn^7?891ballyem°n’ H'W,L- Custendl>11. H. N. Dixon, Journ.

B. ung-uiculata (Huds.) var. y. apiculata Hedw.

Down— Wall of Agbaderg Glebe, H.W.L.

Eeersia contorta (Wulf.) Lindb.

Antrim— Rocksat upper end of Colin Glen, J H. Davies. Glenballyemon,
H.W.L. Glendun, S. A Brenan; H.W.L.

WEBER ACE JE.

Webera sessllls (Schmid.) Lindb.

Antrim— Slemish Mountain, H.W.L.

m Fl°ra t0 be barf®n- This was an error, as Mr. Lett finds it fruiting
freely from early summer till late in autumn.

GXIMMZACEE.

Grimmia funalls (Schwaeg.).

Down— Sliere Dermot, Lett R.I.A.

orbicularis Bruch.

Down— Top of stone fence onfSpelga M ountain, H.W.L. ; Brit. Moss Flora
This is the only locality in the North of Ireland known to us.

224

[Appendix B.N.F.C-,

G. trichopliylla Grey.

Down— Fofanny, and Butter Mountain, Lett B.I.A. Bryansiord,
C.H.W., Brit. Moss Flora.

Antrim — Basalt rocks at summit of Bally gaily Head, S.A.S.

G. Hartman! Schimp.

Antrim— Fairhead, H. N. Dixon, Journ. Bot. 1891.

G. Donii Sm.

Down— Granite blocks between Slieve Martin and Kilbroney bog, Lett
R.I.A.

G. ovata was hastily inserted as an addendum when the Flora was at Press.
This must be deleted, as it was subsequently ascertained to be an erroneous
determination.

G. obtusa (Sm.) . Lindb.

Down — Shanslieve, Slieve Donard and Slieve Bingian, Lett; Brit. Moss
Flora.

G. affinis (Scbleicb.) Lindb. var. p. grracilescens Lindb.

Down— Shanslieve, Lett ; Brit. Moss Flora.

G. patens (Dicks.) Br. et Schimp.

Antrim- -The Craig rocks, Rasharkin, H.W.L.

By inadvertance 2700 was printed in Flora for 1200 feet, the highest elevation
known to us.

ORTHOTRICACEJE.

Orthotrichum Sturmii. The Lough Neagh locality of Flora must be transferred
to 0. striatum.

Ortbotrlchum diaphanum Schrad.

Down — Donard demesne and Loughbrickland, H.W.L.

0> cupulatum Hoft'ni.

Antrim — Glenarm, H. N. Dixon, Journ. Bot. 1891.

O. stramlneum Homsch.

Antrim— Fairhead, D.M.; herb. Carrington, fide G. A. Holt.

O. rlvulare Sm.

Antrim— Ram’s Island, J. H. Davies.

s 894-95.]

225

O. pulchellum Sm.

Down — On apple trees at Ravernet, J. H. Davies.

Antrim — Barkmore, H.W.L.

Weissia Bruchli (Hornsch.) Lindb.

Antrim — Glenariff, S.A.S. Glendun, S. A. Brenan; H."W.L.

W. vittata (Mitt.) Braith.

Antrim— Glenshesk, 1880, and Glenariff, 1889, S.A.S.; Brit. Moss Flora.

SPIACHITAGE^;.

Tetraplodon bryoides (Mitt.) Braith.

Antrim— Glenariff, S. A. Brenan.

Funaria obtusa (Dicks.) Lindb.

Antrim — Sallagh Braes, C.H.W.

P. attenuata (Dicks.) Lindb.

Down — Wet rocks near Donaghadee, J. H. Davies.

Antrim — Islandmagee, J. H. Davies.

Derry — Benbradagh Mountain, Mrs. Leebody.

It is to be regretted that the name of Templeton, our pioneer botanist, which
was associated with this plant by Smith in 1813, has to be replaced by a prior
term. J *

P. calcarea Wahlenb.

Antrim— Near Carrick-a-rede, H. N. Dixon, Journ. Bot. 1891.

BUTACSJE.

Beptobryum pyriforme (L.) Wils.

Down— Abundant on flower-pots at Aghaderg, H.W.L.

Poblla acuminata Hornsch.

Down— Wet rocks at Blackstairs, Slieve Donard, and on Spaltha Moun-
tain, Lett R.I.A .

P. nutans (Schreb.) Lindb. var, longlseta Brid.

Down— County Down [Cotton Moss], S.A.S. ; Brit. Moss Flora.

226

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

P. annotina (L.) Lindb.

Down — Shanlieve, S.A.S Slieve Bingian, Lett R.I.A.

P. albicans (Wabl.) Lindb.

Down — Wayside well near Fofanny, Lett R.I.A.

Plaglobryum Zierii (Dicks.) Lindb.

Antrim — Sallagb Braes, C.H.W.

Bryum inelinatum (Swaitz) Bland.

The station in Victoria Park assigned to this species was an error, the plant
having subsequently been decided to be B. intermedium.

Bryum Mildei Juratz.

Antrim— Slemish Mountain, Moore ; Brit. Moss Flora.

B.alpinum Huds.

Down— White Eiver Glen, Lett R.I.A. Fruiting very sparingly in
Moume Mountains, S.A.S., July, 1888.

Antrim — Rasharkin bog, H.W.L. & C.H.W.

B. pallens Swartz.

Down — Slieve Donard, Lett R.I.A.

Antrim — Parkmore, H.W.L.

B. ventricosum Dicks.

Down — Leitrim near Hilltown, and frequent in the Mourne Mountains,
Lett R.I.A.

Antrim— Near Parkmore, H.W.L. By the stream in Glenshesk, in fine
fruit, J. H. Davies.

Derry — Lignapeiste Glen, Mrs Leebody.

B. proliferum (L.) Sibth. (B. roseum Dill.).

Down— Newcastle, C.H.W.

BARTRAMZACEiE.

Bartramla pomiformis (L.) Hedw.

Antrim — Drumnasole, S. A. Brenan ; H.W.L.

B. norvegica (Gunn.) Lindb.

Antrim — Fruiting in Glenariff, H.W.L.

B. fontana (L.) Swartz var. p. falcata Brid.
Antrim — Rasharkin, H.W.L. & C.H.W.

*894-95-]

2 27

1TCITXACEJ&.

Gymnocybe palustris (L.) Fries.

Antrim— Glendun, S. A. Brenan ; H.W.L.

Aulacomnium and Sphcerocephalus must give way to the prior name of Fries.

Mnlum rlparlum Mitt.

Antrim — A few barren stems intermixed with other mosses in wet bog at
Glenariff, H.W.L.

The only Irish locality known at present.

AX. cuspidatum (L.J Neck.

Antrim — Wet ditch at Hightown, Carnmoney, G.H.W.

M. pseudopunctatum Bruch & Schimp.

Antrim — Parkmore, H.W.L.

HYPWACE51.

X*eskea polycarpa Ehr.

Down — Loughbrickland, H.W.L.

Anomodon vltlculosus (L.) Hook. & Tayl.

Antrim — Fruiting at Drumnasole, S. A. Brenan ; H.W.L.

Hypaum filiclnum Linn.

Antrim — Glendun, S. A. Brenan; H.W.L.

H. confervoides Bridel.

Derry— Sandy warren at Portstewart, S.A.S., 1884.

The only Irish station.

H. lrrigruum Wils.

Down — Rocky stream in Drumbo Glen, S.A.S.

Doubtfully mentioned in excluded list of Flora.

H. rlparium Linn.

Down — Shore of Loughbrickland, H.W.L.

Antrim — By the Lagan near Glenmore, J. H. Davies. Pond by railway
line north of Kilroot, S.A.S. Parkmore, H.W.L.

H. stellatum Schreher.

Down — Stormount Glen, and marsh on Conlig Hill, S.A.S.

228 [Appendix B.N.F.C.,

Antrim— Glendun, S. A. Brenan ; H.W.L. Abundant in Rasharkin bog,
H.W.L.

X. fluitans Linn.

Antrim— Parkmore and Lurgethan, H.W.L. Glendun, S. A. Brenan;
H.W.L.

H. Xneiffii Br. & Schimp.

Down — Near shore of Lough Neagh at Kilmore, C.H.W. Loughbrick-
land, H.W.L.

H. revolvens Swartz.

Down— Slieve Dermot, Lett R.I.A.

Antrim — Glenballyemon, H.W.L.

Derry — Marshes in Portstewart sandhills, S.A.S.

X. scorpioides Linn.

Down— Margin of Bally ward Lake and of Pollramer Lake, and in fruit
in a marsh on Conlig Hill, S.A.S.

Antrim— Glenariff and Glendun, H.W.L.

H. ocliraceum Turner.

Antrim — Glenariff, H.W.L.

H. sarmentosnm Wahl.

Down — Shanslieve, Lett R.I.A.

X. Swartzii Turner.

Antrim — Glendun, S. A. Brenan ; H.W.L.

X. speciosum Brid.

Antrim— Knockagh, C.H.W.

X. crassinervum Tayl.

Antrim— Knockagh, and on wall at Carnmoney, and on limestone blocks
in Cave Hill Deerpark, C.H.W. Glenariff, H.W.L.

X. piliferum Schreb.

Down — Tollymore Park, C.H.W.

Antrim — Glendun, S. A. Brenan ;\H.W.L.

X. tenellum Dicks.

Down — Greenhouse at Aghaderg Glebe, H.W.L. Wall of bridge in
Tollymore Park, Lett R.I.A.

«*94-95-]

229

Antrim — Walls about Code Glebe, Carnmoney, C.H.W. Parkaore
H.W.L. Drumnasole, S. A. Brenan ; H.W.L.

B. flagellare Dicks.

Down— Rocks by the river at Tollymore Park, Templeton (spec, in
herb. Belf. Mus.). Slieve Donard, Slieve Commedagh, and frequent
in the Moume range, but always barren, S.A.S., Suppl. to Mosses of
N.E. Ireland. Tollymore, Yellow Water, &c., frequent, C.H.W.
Common throughout the Mourne range, Lett R.I.A.

Antrim — Glenariff, H.W.L.

Localities for this species were published in Supplement to Mosses of North-
East Ireland , but accidentally omitted from Flora.

B. heteropterum (Bruch).

Down — Slieve Bingian and Slieve Meel Beg, Lett R.I.A. Rostrevor
Mountain, C.H.W.

Antrim — Slemish Mountain, H.W.L. & C.H.W.

In following Moore and giving R. atrovirens Turner as a synonym for UR.
heteropteronf the authors of the Flora were in error, as Mr. Lett has pointed
out to us. Moore’s second synonym, R. catenulatum , is likewise erroneous.,

B. cupresslforme Linn. var. lacunosum Wils.

Down— Slievenabrock, Lett R.I.A.

B. resupinatum Wils.

Down— Slieve Donard, H.W.L.

B. Patlentlse Lindb.

Down — Saintfield, C.H.W.

Antrim— Glendun, S. A. Brenan; H.W.L. Carnmoney and Hydepark,
widely distributed, C.H.W.

B. Borrerl Spruce.

Down — Saintfield, C.H.W. Sandy bank at Knocknagoney, S.A.S.

Antrim — Slemish and Sallagh Braes, C.H.W.

B. pnlehellum Dicks.

Down — Tollymore Park, C.H.W.

Antrim— Glenariff, C.H.W. & H.W.L.

B. nxtdulatnm Linn.

Antrim — Parkmore, H.W.L.

Derry — Benbradagh Mountain, Mrs. Leebody.

230

[Appendix B.N.F.C.

H.sylvaticum Linn.

Down — Slieve Donard, Lett R.I.A.

H. dentlculatum Linn.

Down — Chimney Rock Mountain, Lett R.I.A. In a small glen close to
Dundonald station, S.A.S.

SP1A6NACE3:,

Sphagnum Austlni Sulliv.

Antrim — Evish Mountain near Parkmore, H.W.L., 1889.

Mr. Lett, who was the first to find this plant in Ireland, has subsequently
(1892) met with it in King’s County.

S. papillosum Lindh.

Down — Common in Moume Mountains, Lett R.I. A.

Antrim-Parkmore, H.W.L. Glendun, S. A. Brenan; H.W.L.

S.tenellum Ehr.

Antrim — Glendun, S. A. Brenan; H.W.L.

g, snbsecandnm Nees & Von Es.

Antrim — Crockalough near Parkmore, H.W.L.
var. obesum Wilson.

Derry— Racecourse bog at Ballyamot, Mrs. Leebody.

S. rigldum Nees & Von Es. var. p. compactum DC.

Antrim— Parkmore, Crockalough, and Rasharkin hog, H. W .L. Glendun,
S. A. Brenan ; H.W.L.

S. teres Angst.

Down — Hen Mountain, Lett R.I.A.

The only Irish station known at present.

S. acutifollum Ehr.

Antrim — Glendun, S. A. Brenan; H.W.L.

A number of varieties of this polymorphic species occur.

S. Intermedium Hoffin.

Antrim — Parkmore, H.W.L.

*894-95-3

231

S. cuspidatum Ehr.

Down — Rostrevor Mountain, C.H.W. ; Lett R.I.A.
Antrim — Parkmore and Glenballyemon, H.W.L.
var. plumosum Nees & Hsch.

Antrim— Glendun, S. A.. Brenan; H.W.L.

HEPATIC^.

JUJTCBBMAirwIACEJE.

Prullanla fragillfolia Tayl.

Antr™~ “LThe Craigs,” Rasharkin, H.W.L. & C.H.W. Glenariff,

Xiejeunea hamatlfolla Hook.

Antrim — Glenariff, C.H.W.

Xu calcarea Libert.

Antrim— Glenariff, H.W.L. and C.H.W.

Xu ovata (Dioks.) Tayl.

Antrim — Glenariff, C.H.W.

Xu mioroscoplca Tayl.

Antrim — Glenariff, C.H.W.

Xu patens Lindb.

Antrim— On NecJcera crispa at Sallagh Braes, H.W.L
Mackali (Hook.) Spreng.

Down— On an old yew tree in Tollymore Park, C.H W • Lett R I. A

^ 18°9’ T6mplet0n- 'GobM*

Porella rlrularls Nees.

Down — Saintfield, C.H.W.

Plenrozia purpurea (Ligbtf.) Dum.

Antrim— Rasharkin bog, H.W.L. & C.H.W.

Evish Mountain, H.W.L.

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

232

Trichocolea tomentella (Ehr.).

Down— By a rivulet in Belvoir Park, Templeton.

Antrim — Glendun, S. A. Brenan; H.W.L.

X.epldozla setacea (Web.) Dum.

Down— Hen Mountain, Lett R.I.A. Tollymore Park, H.W.L.

Antrim— Glendun, S. A. Brenan ; H.W.L. Kasharkin bog, H.W.L.

Bazzanla trllotoata (L.) Gray.

Down— Tollymore Park, Templeton.

Odontoschlsma sphagni (Dicks.).

Down— Tollymore Park and Cock Mountain, C.H.W. ; Lett R.I.A.
Antrim— Clougbcor near Parkmore, H.W.L.

Cephalozla divaricata (Sm.).

Down— Hen Mountain and bog between Hilltown and Kathfnland, Lett
R.I.A. Tollymore Park, C.H.W.

Antrim — Parkmore, H.W.L.

This was probably the plant noted by Templeton as C. byssacea , occurring
at Lambeg, Cranmore, etc.

C. connirens (Dicks.) Spruce.

Down — Slievenamady, Lett R.I.A.

Kantia tricbomanis (Linn.).

Down— Bog near Ballynahinch, H.W .L.

Antrim — Glendun, S. A. Brenan ; H.W.L. Parkmore and Lurgethan,
H.W.L.

Seapania nemorosa (L.) Dum.

Down— Saintfield, frequent, C.H.W.

Antrim— Glendun, S. A. Brenan ; H.W.L. Lurgethan, H.W.L.

S.resupinata (L.) Dum.

Antrim — Fairhead and Glendun, in company with Taylor, Hooker, and
Stokes, Templeton.

S. nmbrosa (Schrad.) Dum.

Down — Hen Mountain, H.W.L.

8. curta (Mart.) Dum.

Down— Bally varley bog, Aghaderg, H.W.L.

1 894-95 *3

233

Chlloscyphus polyanthos (L.) Corda.

Down— Aghaderg Glebe and Ballyvarley bog, H.W.L.

Antrim— Slemisb, Templeton. Glendun, S. A. Brenan ; H.W.L.

Xieptoscyphus lnterruptus Nees var. p. pyrenalcum Spruce.

Down— Roadside wall south of Rostrevor quay, H.W.L,

Plaglocblla splnulosa (Dicks.) Dum.

Antrim Gobbin cliffs, C. H . W. Drumnasole and Rasharkin bog, H.W.L.

P. trldentlculata (Tayl.).

Antrim— Drumnasole, S. A. Brenan; H.W.L.

Jungrermannla rlparla Tayl.

Down — Cove Mountain, Lett K.I.A.

AntrS1~C1olin/^len} C.H. W. Drumnasole and Glendun, S. A. Brenan ;
H. W .L. Glenariff and Rasharkin bog, H.W.L.

T. crezralata Sm. var. gracilllma Sm.

I)ow^^<^ymore park and Slieve Commedagh, Lett R.I.A. Aghaderg,

J. p ami la With.

Antrim— Glendun, S. A. Brenan ; H.W.L. Slievenanee, H.W.L.

J. sphserocarpa Hook.

Antrim— Colin Glen, 1818, Templeton. Parkmore, H.W.L.

V.barbata Schreb. (Coll.).

Antrim— Rasharkin bog and Slemish Mountain, H.W.L.

Given by Mr. Lett as J . barbata var. quinquedentata, but Schreber’s species
seems inseparable from quinquedentata Hudson.

IflTardia spbaoelafa Giesecke.

Down— Slieve Donard, J. J. Andrew ; H.W.L.

Iff. hyallna (Lyall) Carring.

Down — Cove Mountain and Hen Mountain, H.W.L.
Antrim — Parkmore, H.W.L.

Cesla crenulata (Gottsche) Carring.

Antrim — Shady rocks on north-east side of Slemish, H.W.L. & C.H.W.

234

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

Pellla calycina (Tayl.).

Down— Aghaderg, H.W.L.

Antrim— Drumnasole, S. A. Brenan ; H.W.L. Parkmore, H.W.L.

Aneura pingals (L.) Dum.

Derry — Portstewart, S.A.S.

A. multlfida (Dill.) Gray.

Down — Loughbrickland, H.W.L.

Antrim — Seymour Hill, Templeton.

MARCHAirTXACBJE.

Preissia commutata Nees.

Down — Scarya demesne, H.W.L.

Antrim— Parkmore, H.W.L. Glendun, S. A. Brenan; H.W.L.

3bunularia cruclata (Linn.) Dum.

Down — Drumcro, C.H.W. Agliaderg, H.W.L.

Antrim— Moss hole at Seymour Hill, Templeton, 1806. East end of
Belfast Botanic Gardens, H.W.L.

*ICCXACE.ffi.

XUccla fluitans Linn.

Down — Abundant in a drain at Meenan bog, Loughbrickland, H.W.L.

ANTBOCEROTACZ2:.

Anthoceros punctatus Linn.

Down — Clover and stubble fields in Parish of Aghaderg, H.W.L.

Antrim — Belfast Botanic Gardens and river bank in Glendun, H.W.L.

1894-95*]

235

ERRONEOUS OR DOUBTFUL HEPATICS.

SS.Tii",E“ *“ “-’I" "■>"». “* >“• 1-

Porella thuja. On the rock at the waterfall in Woodburn Glen, 3lst March,

Cephalozia curvifolia. Rock crevices on Bingian Mountain.

C. byssacea. Lambeg, Cranmore, and Birky moss.

Sarpanthus scutatus, Glen below Rockport.

Plagiochila, tridentieulata. Common on the rocks of the Cave Hill.

Mylm AnnaMlt bog and summit of Divis. [Perhaps the same plant

Jungermannia cuneifolia. Near top of Divis.

J. pumila. Common on bare ground about Belfast.

7. barbata Common in the recumbent state on the rocks about the Cave Hill :
also on Divis Mountain, and in Ness Glen. ’

J. exsecta. With the next species on Holy wood Warren.

7 excisa. Divis and Black Mountain, and on Holywood Warren.

J‘ inCiSh»„ vLAmbegA ™°°r Jalfwa7 tween Holywood and Bangor, and rocky
bank above the Manyburn at Purdysburn racecourse.

Nardia compressa. Near Belfast.

Hnfp l\e«fT?S°ln^ llst ^emPleton’8 nomenclature, which was that current in his
time, has been replaced by names now adopted.

236 [Appendix B.N.F.C.,

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.

p. 135. Add Grimmia ovata to the list of plants to be withdrawn from Flora.
n 139 Sparg atrium neglectum was recorded prematurely ; on referring the

specimen to the describer of that form, it was named by him S ramosum var.
microcarpum , and is recorded under that name in the body of the Supplement,

p. 201. . ,

pp 142-3. A number of specimens of cryptogams have been examined and
verified since the first portion of the manuscript went to press, and the following
have to be placed to lists of additions in the Introduction.

DISTRICT 12.

Hypnum confervoides. Bryum Mildei.

H. Jlagellare.

COUNTY DOWN.

Hypnum Jlagellare.

COUNTY ANTRIM.

Tortula princeps. Bartramia norvegica.

Hypnum Jlagellare.

COUNTY DERRY.

Hypnum confervoides. Funaria attenuata.

H revohens. Aneura pinguxs.

A

BIBLIOGRAPHY

OF

IRISH GLACIAL

AND

POST-GLACIAL GEOLOGY

BY

R. LLOYD PRAEGER, B.E.

Being an Appendix (No. 6 op Vol. 2) to the Proceedings

of the

BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB

For 1895-96.

A BIBLIOGRAPHY

OF

IRISH GLACIAL AND POST-GLACIAL GEOLOGY.

THE following list of books, papers, and notes bearing on the glacial and
post-glacial geology of Ireland bad but a small beginning. It originated
in a few dozen references to records of post-glacial fossils in the North-east of
Ireland, thrown together for my own convenience. This list was added to by
degrees, accumulating according to the manner of a snowball, each paper giving
references to a number of others. Eventually, it appeared to me that if the list
could be extended, completed, and published, it might prove a saving of time and
labour to other workers ; and in this thought I had especially in my mind the
energetic members of the Geological Section of the Belfast Naturalists’ Field
Club, who have not convenient access to many of the journals, &c., quoted
below, and on whom Prof. Cole recently urged1 the importance of getting
together their local geological literature.

In order to complete the list, systematic work was necessary, and sets of
Periodicals and Proceedings of Societies which might contain references to Irish
geology had. to be carefully gone through. This portion of the work proved
more extensive and tedious than ;was expected, and indeed had I known how
much time it would involve, it is doubtful if the present effort would have seen
the light. But in spite of time and care, I am well aware that my list must
contain many omissions, though it is hoped that none of them are serious ones.
Geologists working at any branch of the subjects included in the present com-
pilation, or at the geology of any particular district, are nearlv sure, among the
scattered records of Irish geology, to unearth some references which, in my
necessarily hurried work, have escaped notice. To them I would appeal to
favour me with a note of such references, in order that, by the publication of a
supplement, the present attempt may justify its title, and become a complete
guide to the literature of Irish glacial and post-glacial geology.

As to the scope of the present list. Although believed to be of Pliocene, not
Pleistocene age, the so-called “ manure gravels ” of Wexford have been included.
They are the only marine Tertiary beds in Ireland, and are moreover of late
Pliocene age, possessing a fauna distinctly related to that of the incoming glacial
period ; when to these is added the fact that the literature relating to the Wexford
beds is .much mixed up with that of the succeeding series, the advantage and
convenience of this inclusion will be apparent. In view of recent papers in the
Irish Naturalist on caves, and Dr. Scharff’s bibliography of that subject,
references to caves have been included, even if these references had no distinctly
geological bearing ; for much cave-exploration remains to be carried out in Ireland,
as to both their past and present fauna ; and a list of localities is therefore a
desideratum.

In dealing with the human period, a difficulty constantly presented itself as to
1 Irish Naturalist, IV., 49. 1895.

240

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

how far papers on the remains of pre-historic man were admissible in a geological
bibliography. Thus, while a flint implement found in the stratified marine
gravels of Antrim, or a bronze celt in a stalagmitic deposit, are objects of
distinct geological interest, the same cannot be said of a cinerary urn found in a
kist, or a flint arrow-head which the urn may have contained. But it is difficult
to draw the line, for geology and archaeology not only meet, but overlap. The
rule which I have endeavoured to follow is to admit papers which describe the
mode of occurrence or stratigraphical position of human relics, and to omit papers
dealing with objects artificially buried, or merely with the affinities or ornament
of objects found. Thus sand-hill sites, crannogs, cave-deposits, and flint
implement gravels are included ; but papers 04 such subj ects shade imperceptably
into others which are purely ethnographical in their bearing.

In the way of existing bibliographies there was very little to assist me. The
only papers giving even a tolerably complete bibliography of any part of the
subjects included in the present paper, or of any district, were Dr. V. Ball s
list of papers on Irish fossil mammals (39)* and Mr. Hardman’s list of papers
on North of Ireland geology (251). The shorter lists of papers given by
Adams (5, 6), Close (129), Cole (136), Gray (232), Hull (297), M'Henry
(492), and Scharff (607), were of course consulted. I made a point of
verifying every reference by consultation of the original publication, where
possible; the few papers (4 out of the 767 which have a place in the list) which
I was not able to consult are distinguished by an asterisk ..

Subjoined are particulars relating to Proceedings of Societies and to Journals
systematically examined for references to the subject included in the list, the
contracted titles used in the list being added in parenthesis : —

ACADEMIES' PROCEEDINGS , $c.

British Association for the Advancement of Science :

Reports , years 1 — 64, 1831-1894. (Brit. Assoc. Reports .)

Geological Society of London :

Quarterly Journal, I. — LI., 1845-1895. ( Q.J.G.S .)

Geologists’ Association, London :

Proceedings , I.— XIV. pt. 5, 1859-1895. ( Proc . Geol. Assoc.)

Anthropological Institute :

Journal, I. — XXV. pt. 2, 1871-1895. (Journ. Anthrop. Inst.)

Geological Survey of Ireland :

Memoirs , 120 parts, 1858-1891. 8vo.

Royal Irish Academy :

Proceedings, I.— X., 1836-1870; 2nd s. {Science), I.— IY., 1869-1888;

2nd s. {Polite Literature and Antiquities), I.— II., 1870-1888;

3rd s., I.— III. pt. 4, 1887-1895. 8vo. (Proc. R I. A.)
Transactions , I. — XXX. pt. 17, 1785-1895. 4to. {Trans. R.l.A )

Royal Dublin Society :

Journal, I. — VII., 1856-1878. 8vo. (Journ. R.D.S.)

Scientific Proceedings, n.s., I. — VIII. pt. 4, 1878-1895. 8vo. {Sci.

Proc. R.D.S.)

* The numbers refer_to the index numbers in the general list.

895-96.]

-24I

SeimtTr°am. 'Tes.)*’ ^ S" L_V' pt' U> 18”-1895- 4to. (Sci.
Geological Society of Dublin :

Journal, I.— X., 1833-1864. (Jomn. G.S.D.)

E°Tof DubUn)°?CAL S°CIETY 0F lKELAND (previously Geological Society
Jmrt.6ls7L)lli' (XI _XVIIL °f whole aeries), 1864-1889. (Journ.

Dublin Natural History Society :

Proceeding s, I.-VI., 1849-1870. (Proc. Dublin Nat. EM. See.)
Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club :

Reports, 1 10, 1863-4 — 1872-3. [Ann. Reports B.N.F C)

Annm^SeporUm^Proceedings, 2nd s„ I.-IV. pt. 2, 1873-4-1894-5.

Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society:

Proceedings, 11 yols., 1871-2— 1881-2.

Reports and Proceedings, 13 vols., 1882-3—1894-5. {Proc. B.N.H. 4
Cork Historical and Archeological Society •

Jour7 y;r™;.) 1892-1894 ; 3ndn-3j- 1895- <**

Kilkenny Archeological Society :

Transactions, I.-II., 1849-1853. (Trans. Kilk. Arch. Soc )
Proofings and Transactions, UI., 1854-1855. (Proc. and Trans. Kilk.

Kilkenny and South-East of Ireland Archaeological Society -
(Previously Kilkenny Archaeological Society.)

JOUrlrckntc.f~yL’ 1856‘1867- Kilk. t S.E. Ireland

Historical and Archeological Association of Ireland :

(Previously Kilkenny & S.E. Ireland Arch. Soc.)

Journal, 3rd s., I., 1868-1869. {Journ. U. § A. A. I.)

Koyal Historical and Archeological Association of Ireland-
(Previously Hist. & Arch. Assoc, of Ireland.)

Journal, 4th s., I.— IX., 1870-1889. {Journ. R.H. $ A.A.I.)

Koyal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland :

(Previously R. Hist. & Arch. Assoc, of Ireland.)

Fr°CeRhS.SA 7) PaPerS’ 5th S,/ L’ 1890-1891* (Proc. and Papers

Journal, 5th s., II.— V., 1892-1895. {Journ. R.S.A.I.)

J 0 TJRN ALS, $c.

Geological Magazine :

Decade 1, vol. I. to decade 4, vol. II., 1864-1895. {Geol. Mag.)

242

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

Geologist , The :

From 1858 to 1864.

Glacialists' Magazine :

I.—III. pt. 3, 1893-1895.

Geological Record :

From 1874 to 1884.
Annals of British Geology :
From 1890 to 1894.

Natural History Review :

I. VII., 1854-1860; andn.s., I.— V., 1861-1865.

[Nat. Hist. Review .)

Dublin Quarterly Journal of Science:

I.—VL, 1861-1866. (. Dublin Q.J.S.)

Dublin Philosophical Journal and Scientific Review :

j 1825-1826. ( Dublin Phil. Journ. $ Scient. Review.)

Irish Naturalist :

I.— IY., 1892-1895. [l.N.)

Ulster Journal of Archeology :

I.— IX., 1863-1862.

New Issue, I., 1894-95. [Ulst. Jour n. Arch.)

About a hundred books on geology, archeology, topography, &c., which
contained, or might have contained, references to the subjects in hand, were
likewise looked through.

Occasional references were also made to the following
ACADEMIES' PROCEEDINGS , $c: —

Royal Society of London :

Philosophical Transactions. [Phil. Trans.)

Geological Survey of Great Britain :

Memoirs.

Paljeontographical Society :

(. Publications .)

Geological Society of London :

Proceedings. ( Proc . Geol. Soc. London.)

Zoological Society of London :

Proceedings. [Proc. Zool. Soc. London.)

Society of Antiquaries of London:

Proceedings. [Proc* Soc. Ant. London.)

Manchester Geological Society:

Proceedings. [Proc. Manchester Geol. Soc.)

1895-96.]

243

Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester :

Proceedings. ( Proc . Lit. $ Phil. Soc. Manchester .)

Liverpool Geological Society :

Proceedings. {Proc. Vpool Oeol. Soc.)

Geological and Polytechnic Society of the West Riding of York-
shire :

Proceedings. (Proc. Geol. $ Polytechnic Soc. of W. Riding of Yorks.)

Society of Antiquaries of Scotland :

Proceedings. (Proc. Soc. Ant. Scotland.)

Edinburgh Geological Society :

Transactions. (Trans. Edinb. Geol. Soc.)

Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh :

Proceedings. (Proc. R. Phys. Soc. Edinb.)

Geological Society of Glasgow :

Proceedings. (Proc. Geol. Soc. Glasgow.)

Natural History Society of Glasgow :

Proceedings. {Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow.)

Royal Dublin Society :

Proceedings .* {Proc. R.D.S.)

Waterford and South-East of Ireland Archaeological Society :
Journal. (Journ. Waterford $ S.E. Ireland Arch. Soc.)

Museum d’Histoire Naturellb (Paris) :

Annales.

Sooiete de Speleologie (Paris) :

Spelunga : Bulletin.

JOURNALS , $c.—

Academy.

Annales des Sciences Naturelles.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. (Ann. $ Mag. Nat. Hist.)

Annals of Philosophy.

Archceologia.

Archmologieal Journal.

Dublin Evening Telegraph.

Dublin Penny Journal.

Edinburgh Journal of Science.

Edinburgh New Philosophical Magazine. (Edinb. New Phil. Mag.)

Farmers ’ Gazette.

Irish Penny Magazine.

Magazine of Natural History (Mag. of Nat. Hist.)

* Not to be confounded with the Scientific Proceedings issued by this Sooiety.

•244

[Appendix B.N.F.€.,

Natural Science.

Nature.

Philosophical Magazine. {Phil. Mag.)

Popular Science Review.

Science Gossip.

Zoologist. {Zool.)

It onlv remains to add a few particulars concerning the list which follows.

Brackets are used to show all editorial additions— the subject of papers which
have no printed title, the names of authors of papers published anonymously,
and all editorial comments, &c. . . ,

When the title of a paper does not sufficiently express its scope, a bnet note

of its contents is added. .....

A hook or paper is not included in the list if it merely quotes from another
without any original expression of opinion — such, for instance, are the references
to Irish glacial geology in certain general text-books of geology.

Announcements of exhibits or donations, accounts of excursions, or other
officially supplied items in the Proceedings of Societies, are entered under the
name of the Society publishing them.

When the date of the reading of a paper before a Society diners from its date
of publication, the former is usually -given in brackets in addition to the latter.
The Volumes of Proceedings of Societies are usually published in parts, and the
publication of a volume frequently extends over several years. In bound volumes
there is frequently no means of discovering the date of publication of any
particular paper, owing to the destruction of the covers or temporary title-pages
of the parts ^ In such cases the date given without brackets is the date on the
title-page of the volume ; the collective date of the volume being usually added
in brackets immediately after the number of the volume.

In addition to the contracted titles already given, the following contractions
are used : — descr.=description ; ref.=reference ; locs.=localities , glac.
glacial ; post-glac.=post-glacial ; geol.=geology.

The list includes papers published up till the end of the year 189o.

[895-96.]

245

LIST OF PAPERS, &c.

A. (M.).

“s°.f n- »■

Adams (A. Iieith).

Rep°rt on the Exploration of the Shandon Cave. Trans. It I. A .

^ 3' 1876‘ [FUU 01 **>*■ -d

Observations on the Remains of Mammals found in a Fossil State in
Ireland. Journ. R.G.S.I. , IV., 246—248. 1877.

Monographof the British Fossil Elephants. Palceontographical Soc.,
1877-81. [Irish localities.] ’

On the Recent and Extinct Irish Mammals. Sci. Proc R D S ns

II., 45-86, plates 1-5. (read 1878). 1880. ' '

Report on the History of Irish Fossil Mammals. Proc.R.I.A. (2)

III. [Science), 89 — 100. 1878. [“Abridgement of the Report.”]

679, 680).

Haugiiton, W. Boyd Dawkins, and

John Uvans.

First Report of the Committee appointed for the Purpose of exploring
the Caves of the South of Ireland. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1880
209-2ll. 1880 [Consists of a report from R. and

a letter from R. Day on Carngower.l

See Ussher (678,
Adams (A. Leith) S.

IO

11

12

Second Report do. do. do. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1881
218—221. 1882. [Report from R. J. Ussher.]

Adams (A. Leith), G. I, Kinahan, and R. J. Ussher.

Explorations in the Bone Cave of Ballynamintra, near Cappagh, Countv
Waterford. Sci. Trans. R.B.S., n.s. I., 177—266, plates 11—
14. 1881. [Full descr. of deposits and fossils.]

Agassiz (Louis).

On Glaciers, and the evidence of their having once existed in
Scotland, Ireland, and England. Proc. Geol. Soc. Bond. Ill ii
S27 — 332. 1840-41. [Brief ref. to Irish striated rocks]. ’

The Glacial Theory and its recent Progress. Edinb. New Phil. Journ
XXXIII., 217 — 288. 1842. [Brief ref. to Irish erratics, p. 223.]

Ainsworth (W.).

An Account of the Caves of Ballybunian, Co. Kerry, with some
mineralogical Details. 96 pp. 8vo. Dublin, 1834. [Descr.]

246

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

13

14

15

16

17

Allman (G. J-). , ,

Notice of erratic blocks of greenstone, occurring in tte neighbourhood
of Bandon, County Cork. (Abstract.) Journ. G.S.D ,111., 242.

1847.

Andrews (Mary K..). A

Denudation at Cultra, Co. Down. LM, II., 16-J8»

1893; and Proc. B.N.F. C., (2) III., 629-632, plate (for 1892-93),
1893. [Post-glac. denudation.]

Andrews (Thomas). . . , ...

On some Caves in the Island of Rathlin and the adjoining Coast of the
County of Antrim. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1834, 660. 1835.

[Short abstract : general descr.]

On the Composition of an Inflanimable Gas Issuing from. below the
Silt-Bed of Belfast. Proc. B.N.H. 4 F.S. for 18/3-74,93—94.
1874.

Audrows (^X^a)s

On Oyster Deposits. Journ. R.G.S.I. , II., 13—15. (read 1867). 1871.

[Those of Kenmare river are quite recent.] [For discussion on
this paper see same vol., p. 132.]

\ Philosphical Survey of the South of Ireland . . (1788), see

Campbell (755).

A Tour through Ireland

(1780), see luckombe (760

18

19

20

21

22

Excursions through Ireland [1818], see Cromwell (754).

Fossil Deer of Ireland. Dublin Phil. Journ. % Scimt.Pevim, , I., «*—
486. 1 825 ; reprinted in Annals of Philosophy , n.s. XI., 3U5 tu-.

1826. [Edit, notes, and extracts from Maunsell (503) and Dai.
(266).]

Kingston Cave. Dublin Penny Journ., II., No. 61 , 65—66. Aug. 31,
1833. [Discovery and descr. of Mitchelstown cave.]

Stalactite Cavern at Mitchelstown. Dublin Penny Journ., III., No,
130, 201— 208, maps. Dec. 27,1834. [Ed. note: letter from Dr.
Nichol : anon, letter: paper by Dr. Apjohn, reprinted (28).]

Remarkable Discovery of Fossil Remains. Farmer's Gazette, V., 487,
Nov. 28, 1846. Reprinted in Zool., V., 1593 — 1595, 1847, undei
the title “ Discovery of the Bones of Deer and Cattle at Lougn
Gur.” [Descr. of Lough Gur find by an eye-witness.J

Ancient Lake -habitations of Switzerland and Ireland. _ Gist. Journ.
Arch., YIL, 179—194. 1859. [Descr. of several Irish crannogs.J

1895-96.]

247

23 Anon.

Human Remains. Geologist for 1862, 353. [Human body in gravel
below 11 feet of bog, Earl of Moira’s estate, Co. Down].

24

[Skeleton and horns of Irish deer in “ soil ” at bottom of pond, Fethard,
Co. Tipperary]. Dublin Evng . Telegraph, Nov. 6, 1884.

Findf, ^L?Hheads’ &c* [Note.] Troc. $ Papers R.S.A.I., (5)1.,
(1890-91), 485. 1892. [At Cappagh Bog, Adare, Co. Limerick.]

General Guide to the Science and Art Museum, Dublin. 8vo. Dublin,
1892. [Preface by Y. Ball.] [List with Iocs, of Fossil Mammals of
Ireland, pp. 28 — 25.]

Antisell (T.).

Irish Geology, in a series of chapters, containing an outline of the
science of Geology, and a description of the various rocks dis-
tributed on the surface of the Island, with some remarks on the
climate. 84 pp. 12mo. Dublin, 1846. [Chap XI., Tertiary
system.] L r 3

Apjohn (J.).

On the newly discovered Cave situate between Cahir and Mitchelstown
Journ. G.8.D. , I. (1833-38), 103-111 (read 1834), 1838-
reprinted with lllustr. in Dublin Penny Journ., III. No 130
Dec. 27, 1834 (see 20.)

Archer (F.).

Notes on the Worked Flints of the Raised Beaches of the N.E. Coast
of Ireland. Proc. Vpool Geol. Soc., IV. Hi. (1880-81), 209—216.
1881. [Good descr., Larne, Kilroot, &c.]

Atkinson (George IS.).

Kitchen Middens in the Estuary of Cork Harbour. Journ. R.R. <f

^ (1^73), 258—261, plate. 1874. [Descr.,’ lists

of shells, &c.]

Bally (William Hellier).

Sketch of the Geology of Belfast and the Neighbourhood. Rardwiche’s
Science Gossip for 1874, 169-170. 1874. [Ref. to post-glac.

deposits.] r &

Sketch of the Geology of Dublin and Wicklow. Rardwiche’s Science
Gossip for 1878, 179 183. 1874. [Short descr., glac. & post-
glac. beds.] r

Palaeontology of County Dublin ; [being pp. 48— 72 of Guide to the
County of Dublin.] 8vo. 1878. Also published in Set. Proc.
R.D.S., n.s. I., 162—182, 1878, and in Journ. R.G.S.I. , V., 78—
98. 1880. [Lists of glacial fossils from Killiney, Howth, and

high-level gravels.]

Rambles on the Irish Coast. 8vo. Dublin, 1886. [Drift deposits, pp.

25

25

27

23

29

30

33.

32

33

34

248

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

35 Ball (John).

Notice of the former existence of small glaciers in the County of Kerry.
Journ. G.S.D., IV., 151 — 154. 1849.

36 Ball (Robert).

On the Remains of Oxen found in the Bogs of Ireland. Proe. R.I.A. ,
I., 253 — 254. 1832. [Characters and distribution.]

37

On the Bones of Oxen found in the Bogs of Ireland. (Abstract.)
Journ. G.S.B., III., 50 — 51. 1844. [Bos longifrom.]

38

On the Skulls of Bears found in Ireland. Proc. R.I.A. , IV., 416—
420 (read 1849). 1847-50. Reprinted in Ann. $ Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(2) V., 234 — 236. 1850. [Two skulls of U. arctos from West-

meath. Letter from R. Owen.]

39 Ball (Valentine).

On the Collection of the Fossil Mammalia of Ireland in the Science
and Art Museum, Dublin. Sci. Trans. R.D.S., ( 2) III., 333 —
350, plate 11. 1885. [Full catalogue ; bibliography.]

40

On Bones and Antlers of Cervus giganteus incised and marked by
Mutual Attrition while buried in Bogs or Marl. Brit. Assoc.
Report for 1898, 756. 1894. [Longford and Limerick.]

See General Guide to S. & A. Museum (27).

41 Barker (John).

[Discusssion on indented bones of Megaceros.'] Journ. G.S.B. , X.
(1862-64), 169. 1864.

42 Bannon (Bernard).

[Exhibited wrought stake found 25 feet below bog, Co. Fermanagh.]
L Journ R.H. $ A. A. I., V. Hi. (for 1881), 500-501. 1882.

43 Beltast Natural History and Philosophical Society.

[Presentation of Megaceros bones from branch dock, Belfast, by R.
Lloyd Praeger.] Proc. for 1891-92, 11. 1893.

44 [Presentation of bones and shells from Rosapenna Kitchen- middens by

Patterson ; Megaceros bones from Belfast by R. M.
Young ; other bones from same place by S. F. Milligan.] Proc.
for 1893-94, 9. 1894.

45 Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club.

Guide to Belfast and the adjacent Counties. Svo. Belfast, 1874.
[Genl. descr. of glac. and post-glac. deposits of Down and
Antrim, pp. 68 — 77.]

Systematic Lists illustrative of the Flora, Fauna, Palaeontology, and
Archaeology of the North of Ireland. By Members of the Belfast
Naturalists’ Field Club. 8vo. Vol. 1. (1870-1886). 1886. See

Stewart (636,637), Wright (734).

1895-96.]

249

46 Belfast Waturalists’ Field Club.

[Excursion to Kilr°ot]. 4 th Ann Report (for 1866-67), 6. 1867.
[r lint-flakes from near Carnckfergus.]

47

CRef18M^°7)fi6m^ S" Claya,Hfos3il3:l *» Ann. Report (for

48

49

Exrarsion to Castle Espie 5th Ann. Report (for 1867-68;, 15-16.
1868. [Ref. to glac. beds and flmt-flakes.]

Excursion to Toome. bth Ann. Report (for 1867-68), 7—8 1868

[Kef. to occurrence of flint-flakes.] ' •

50

CEef(for T8b6“!«S)f ?0at mT^ beaCh’ I>OTlrUSh-] ^

51

Excumon to Gobbing 6th Ann. Report (for 1868-69), 13. 1869.

52

53

Excursion to Larne. 1th Ann. Report (for 1869-70;, 23 1870

[Curran gravels and implements.] '

E“ P’Hnt-flak^&e J *** SeP°H (f°r 187°-71)> 16- 1871.

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

_“n ^ <** >5.

<for 1872'73)>23-

[Refifi«° thfLf^fS and “am“»th remains.! Proe., (2) I

166—167 (for 1875-76). 1876. K ' ’

Excursion to Killyleagh, &c. Proc., (2) I., 245 (for 1876-77). 1878
[Glac. beds of Strangford Lough.] V ° C‘

Excursion to Greenore Proc., (2) I., 332 (for 1878-79). 1879

[Kaised beach, implements, striae.] '

Excursion to Toome. Proc., (2) I., 401-402 (for 1879-80). 1881
[Diatomaceous earth, implements.]

EXCU[Irish eTk ®r0mere- Froc-' W IT > 9 (for 1880.81). 1882.

250

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

62

6ft

61 II., 13 (for 1880.81). 1832.

[Flint implements.]

"Excursion to Woodbum. Proc., (2) II., 94-95 (for 1881-82). 1883.
[Boulder clay.]

63 Excursion to Ballycastle Free

[Ice-action at F airhead. Sandhill sites at White rarn y j

Excursion to Larne. Pm., (2) 11. 107-108 (for 1881-2). 1883.

[Raised beach, estuanne clay, implements.]

65 “ Excursion to Cultra. Proc., (2) II., 225-226 (for 1883-84). 1884.

[Boulder clay with erratics. Implements.]

Excursion to Ram’s Island. Proc., (2) II., 229 (for 1883-84). 1884.

[Boulder clay with erratics.]

Excursion to Toome. Proc (2) H„ 416 (for 1886-86). 1886.

[Boulder clay, marl, peat.]

Excursion to Mourne Mountains. Free., (2) II., 420 (for 1885-86).
1886. [Glaciation of the range. J

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

7ft

75

Excursion to Greyabbcy. Proc., (2) II., 428 (for 1885-86). 1886.

[Butterlump stone, a large erratic.]

Excursion to Knockagb. Proc., (2) II., 508 (for 1886-87). 1887.

[Sea-cayes at 600 feet].

“Excursion to Portaferry, 4c. Proc (2) III., 18 (for 1887-88). 1888.

[Raised beach, Bally quintm.]

TRef to Stoneyford boulder clay.] Proc., (2) III., 91 (for 1888-
89). 1889!

^ Excursion to Scrabo. Proc., (2) III., 169-170 (for 1889-90). 1890.
[Boulder clay.]

Excursion to Mourne Mountains. Proc., (2) III., 181 (for 1889-90).
1890. [Ice- moulding on Moolieve.]

Excursion to Kilroot. Proc., (2) 111 257-261 (for 1890-91). 1891.

[Raised beaches, Kilroot and Whitehead.]

i895-96*]

251

76 Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

m-276 189^>. «»i.

{im 189I-92>- 1892-

““ ‘[Ca^Sa'rite JR" « m- 362 (*»

<2) m ’ 466 (fM 1892'93)- 1893-

ExCUrpi0n.t? KiUough Ac. Proc., (2) III., 494 (for 1892-93) 1893

[Glacial section north side Xillough Bay.] V '' 1S93,

Excursion to Portaferry, &c. Proc., (2) IV., 21 (for 1893-94) iscu
[Glaciation at Bally quintin.] '

Excursion to Dundrum, &c. Proc., (2) IV 183 (fir 1894 om icqk
[Raised beach of Newcastle sand-hills ] }‘

Excureion to Templepatrick (Geol. Section). /.IV, IV., 343 1895

[Boulder clay, erratic.] ’ -

See Kendall (368).

85 Bell (Alfred).

The Paleontology of the Post-glacial Drifts of Iceland. Geol. Ma9„
a., 447 453. 1873. [General descr. and lists of fossils.] y

1883- [Portlock’s glacial

nrst Ee^f the Committee . . upon the •< Manure ” Gravels

[GeSdes'cr.] Report for 1887, 299-211. 1888.

Second Keport do . do. do. Brit. As, oc. Xeport for

fossil’s.] [Wexford, Ellin ey, Bray ; details,

86

87

88

89

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

252

90 BXrtHddFinal Report do. do do

for 1890, 410—424. 1891. [General descr. and fossil lists,

Pliocene, glac., and post-glac. beds, Wexford to Portrusb.]

91 — Notes upon the Marine Accumulations in Largo Bay, Fife, and

Portrusb, Co. Antrim. Proc. B. Phyc.Soc. Bdmb., X. ... (for
1889-90), 290— 297. 1891. [Lists of fossils.]

Notes on the Correlation of the later and Lost-Pliocene Tertian* on
either side of the Irish Sea with a Reference to the Fauna of the
St. Erth Yalley, Cornwall. Proc. R.I.A., { 3) II., 620 64...

1893. [Correlations and fossil lists.]

Bell (Robert G.).

Notes on Pliocene Beds. Geol Mag., (3) IY., 554-558. 188/.

[Ref. to Wexford reversed Fusus, p. 557.]

94 Benn (Edward). -cr ib

[ Contemporaneity of Man and Megaceros in Ireland.] Proc. Kilk.
L Arch. Soc., I. (1866-57), 155—159. I808.

92

S3

95

Observations on Irish Crannogs. Journ. Kilk. Arch. Soc., III.
(1860-61), 86— 90. 1861. [Animal remains, &c.J

96

97

98

On flint implements found in the County of Antrim. Proc. Kilk.
Arch. Soc., V. ii., 294-300. 1865. [Ref . to mode of occurrence.]

Birmingham (John). ’

The Drift of West Galway and the Eastern Parts of Mayo. J°^rn-
The VIII. ,28 38 (1858), Ul-lU (1859). 8 0 ; also .Bn .

Assoc. Report for 18o7, Sections, 64— 60. 1858 [abstractj.

[Sequence of beds, &c.]

1864.

99

100

[Remarks on Bears’ bones.] Journ. G.S.D., X. (1862-64;, 174.

[From Co. Limerick.]

On the Animal Inhabitants of Ancient Proc. i R.I.A , VIIL,

472—476. 1861-64 ; and Dublin Q.J.S., IV., 149— 1DZ. ieo*.

[Bos and Megaceros chiefly.]

Boate (Gerard), Thomas hlolineux, and others

A Natural History of Ireland in three parts. 4to. Dublin, 1755.
T Letter of Francis Nevii to the Bishop of Clogher on the Magnery
find of elephant’s teeth (522), and Dr.

thereon (509), with plate, reprinted from Phil. Trans. XXIX.).
Dh^ourse concerning the -large Horns frequently Winder
ground in Ireland . . . by Thomas Molyneux (508), with

plate, (reprinted from Phil. Trans. XIX. ).J

Bogs, Report of Commission on.

See Commissioners (143).

895-96.]

253

XOl Boulger (G. S.).

Msh Cave Exploration. Nature , XII., 212. 1875. TShort letter on

Shandon caye.]

*102

Cave Hunting in Ireland [abstract]. Proc. West London Scient. Assoc.,
I., 29—31. 1875. [Shan don cave.]

103

The first Irish Cave Exploration [abstract]. Proc. Geol. Assoc., IV.,
No. 8, 524 526. 1876. [Shandon. Descr. and animal remains.]

104 ®rady (Geor^e Stewardson), Henry William Crosskey, and
David Robertson.

Monograph of the Post-tertiary Entomostraca of Scotland, including
species from England and Ireland .Palceontographical Soc., XXVIII.,
18.74; [Lists of species from Woodburn boulder clay, Portrush
raised beach, and Belfast estuarine clay.]

105

106

Brash (Richard Rolt). ;

The Antiquities of Cloyne. Journ. KilJc. Arch. Soc..
253 — 266. 1859. [Descr. of caves, p. 258.]

Srenan (Edward).

II. (1858-59),

Notice of the Discovery of extinct Elephant and other Animal Eemains,
occurring in a Fossil State under Limestone, at Shandon, near
Dungarvan, County of Waterford. Journ. P.P.S., II., 344—350
plates 10 — 13. 1859 ; and Nat. Hist. Review, VI., 494 — 500. ] 859^

107 Brownrigg (W. B.) and Theodore Cooke.

Geological Description of the District extending from Dungarvan

to Annestown, County of Waterford. Journ. GS.JD.JX. 8 12

(read 1860). 1862. [Ref. to caves.]

108 Bryce (James).

On the Evidences of diluvial Action in the North of Ireland. Journ
G.S.D., I (1833-38), 33-44 (read 1833). 1838. [Glacial beds*

transported blocks.]

109

On some Caverns containing Bones, near the Giant’s Causeway. Brit
Assoc. Report for 1834, 658-660. 1885. [Descr., list of animals.]

HO

Notice of a Tertiary Deposit lately discovered in the neighbourhood of
Belfast. Phil. Mag., XXVI., 433—436. 1845. [Waterworks

boulder clay : descr. and list of fossils.]

111 Bryce (James) and George C. Hyradman.

Notice of an elevated Deposit of Marine Shells, of the Newer Pleiocene
Epoch, lately discovered near Belfast. [Appendix to Portlock’s
Geology of Londonderry $c. (572) pp. 738 — 740]. 1843. f Descr •
list of fossils.]

112 Bulck (Rer. George Raphael).

On Flint workshop sites at Glenhue, County Antrim. Journ. R H &
A.A.I., (4) VI. i. (1883), 120-126. 1884. [Surface finds.]'

254

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

113 Suick (Rev. George Raphael .

On a particular kind of Flint Knife common in the County of Antrim,
Ireland. Proc. Soc. Ant. Scotland, XXII., 51— 61. 1888. [Kef.
to sand-hill sites.]

114

Fresh Facts about Prehistoric Pottery. Proc. <$■ Papers P.S.A.I. , (5)
I. (1890-91), 433-44-2, 4 plates. 1892. [Ref. to mode of occur-
rence, &c.]

115

The Crannog of Moylarg. Journ. P.S.A.I., (5) III., 27 — 43, 5 plates.
1893. Second Paper, ibid., IV., 315 — 331, 2 plates. 1894.
[Full descr.]

116 Burnside (William Smyth).

[Memorandum on crannog finds]. Proc. P.I.A., V. ('1850-53). 214 —
215 (read 1851). 1853.

117 Busk (George).

Report on the Animal Remains [of Brixham Cave]. Phil. Trans.,
CLXIIL, 499-572. 1873. [Ref. to Irish bears’ skulls, p. 543.]

C. (J.) see Coleman (140,141).

118 Campbell (J. F.).

On the Glaciation of Ireland. Q.T.G.S., XXIX., 198 — 225. 1873.

Abstract in Geol. Mag.,X., 127. 1873. [Full paper: general

glaciation, &c.j

Campbell (Thomas) see 754.

119 Cane fRobert)i

The Gigantic Irish Fossil Deer. Journ. Kilk. Arch. Soc., I., 164 —
166. 1850.

Carpenter (G. H.) see 755.

120 Carte (Alexander).

Description of the Fossil Bones discovered by Mr. Brenan at Shan don,
near Dungarvan. Journ. P.D.S., II., 351 — 357. 1859 ; andiVa(.
Hist. Review, VI., 501 — 507. 1859.

121

[Remarks on deer remains]. Journ. G.S.D., X. (1862-64), 166 (read
1863). 1864. [From Cos. Limerick and Dublin.]

122i

On the Remains of the Reindeer which have been found fossil in
Ireland. Journ. G.S.D., X. (1862-64), 103-107 (read 1863).
1864 ; and Dublin Q.J.S., IV., 103—107, plate 3. 1864.

On the former Existence of the Polar Bear in Ireland, as is probably
shown to he the fact by some Remains recently discovered at
Lough Gur, County of Limerick. Journ. G.S.D., X. (1862-64),
114 — 119, plate 7. 1864. [For discussion see pp. 173—174] ; and
Dublin Q.J.S., IV., 143-148. 1864.

Notice of discovery of American Reindeer at Ashbourne, Co. Dublin.
Journ , G.S.D., X. (1862-64), 71 (read 1862). 1864.

124

895-96.]

255

125

126

127

128

120

130

Carte (Alexander).

On some indented Bones of the Cervus Megaceros, found near Lough
Our, County of Limerick. Journ. R.G.S.I., I., 151-154, plate
7 I867* [Lor discussion see pp. 177—179] ; and

a 308-312’ Plate 6. 1866. [Indentations

produced by rubbing when in situ.]

Charnock (R. S.).

[Presented and described a greenstone celt from Toome, found with
many implements and a canoe, 10—12 feet below bed of Lough
-Neagh.] Froc. Soc. Ant. London for 1861-64, (2) ii., 119.
Clarke (Dr. ).

On certain Alterations of Level on the Sea Coast of part of the County
WaJerford’ and the cause thereof. Brit. Assoc. Report for
1857, Sections, 65. 1858. [Raised beach up to 60 feet.]

Close (Rev. Maxwell H.).

Notes on the General Glaciation of the Rocks in the Neighbourhood of
Oubhn. Journ. R.G.S.I., L, 3—13, plate 1 (read 1864). 1867.

L, °r discussion seepp. 91—93] ; and Dublin Q.J.S., Y., 177—187,
plate 5. 1865. [Important paper.]

On the General Glaciation of Ireland. Journ. R.G.S.I., I., 207—242,
plate 8 (read 1866). 1867. [For discussion see pp. 283 — 284],

[Important paper.]

131

132

On the General Glaciation of Ireland [a letter]. Geol. Mag., IV., 234—
235, plate 1. 1867. [Explanation of map showing striae over all

Ireland.]

On some Corries and their Rock-basins in Kerry. Journ. R.G S II ,
236—248, plate 22 (read 1869). 1871.

The Elevated Shell-bearing Gravels near Dublin. Journ. R.G S I ,

tip 36 “40 (read 1873)- 1877 J and Geol Mag., (2) I., 193-197.

1874. [Descr. : lists of shells.]

133

The Physical Geology of the Neighbourhood of Dublin. Sci. Froc.
R.D.S., n.s. I., 133 — 161. 1878 ; also Journ. R.G.S.I., V., 49 — 77
(read 1878). 1880; and Guide to the County of Dublin, 1878,

pp. 19—47. [Descr. of glac. and post-glac. beds.]

See Close (756), Cusack (152), Kinahan (760).

134 Cody (Patrick).

[Note on discovery of skull of Megaceros 8 feet below peat in a stratum
of cockle-shells at Toryhill, Co. Kilkenny.] Trans. KiVk. Arch
Soc., I. Hi. (for 1851), 388. 1852,

135 Colby (Lt.-Col. Thomas).

Ordnance Survey of the County of Londonderry. 4to. Dublin, 1835.
[Section 1., sub-section 2, deals with “ detritus”.]

2 '6

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

136 Cole (Grenville Arthur James;.

County Dublin, Past and Present. V., From Past to Present. I.N., I.,
90—95. 1892. [General descr. of glac. geology.]

137

TExhib. Ailsa Craig rock, from Killiney and Greystones.] Dublin
Micro. Club, in I.N., II., 172. 1893.

138

139

Glacial Drift of the Irish Channel. Nature, XLVII.,464. 1893.

[Ailsa Craig rock at Killiney and Greenore.]

Excursion to the Counties of Dublin and Wicklow. Proc. Geol. Assoc.,
XIII. (1893-94), 168—177. 1895. [Refs, to glac. geol.]

140 C[oleman] (J[ames]).

Cork County and the Ice Age. Journ. Cork Hist. § Arch. Soc., I., 192.
1892. [Glaciation.]

141 - —

Islands of Oyster Shells, [note]. Journ. fork Hist. § Arch. Soc., II.,
59. 1893. [Kitchen-middens in Cork Harbour.]

142 Coleman (James).

Additional Irish Caves. I.N., IV., 94. 1895. [In Cork and Kerry.]

143 Commissioners appointed to inquire into the nature and extent
of the several Bogs in Ireland, and the practicability of
draining and cultivating them : 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Reports.
Folio. 1810-14. [Many maps and sections.]

144 Conwell (Eugene A.).

On a Fossil Mussel-shell found in Drift in Ireland. Brit. Assoc.
Report for 1869, Sections, 87. 1870. [A fresh shell from base

of an esker near Trim.]

Cooke (Theodore), see Brownrigg (107).

145 Cork Naturalists’ Tield Club.

[Excursion to “The Ovens” cave.] I.N. , III., 241. 1894.

146 Cox (Robert).

Megaceros Hibernicus [a letter]. Geol. Mag., VI., 523. 1869. [Skull
and antlers from bog at Schiule, Co. Limerick.]

147 Croker (Thomas Crofton).

Researches in the South of Ireland. 4to. London, 1824. [Caves at
Cloyne : cave at Castlemartyr with skeleton covered with gold
plates, pp. 251—253.]

Cromwell (T. HE.), see 757.

Crosskey (Henry William;, see Brady, &c. (104).

148 Cruise (Richard J.).

Explanatory Memoir to accompany sheets 89 and 90 of the Maps of
the Geological Survey of Ireland, illustrating parts of the
counties of Longford, Westmeath, and Meath. 8vo. 1872.
[Glac. & post- glac. 24 — 26.]

1895-96.]

257

149

150

151

Cruise (Richard j).

Do' , Jj?- ' Cslieets 66 and 67 do. illustrating parts of the counties
o± oligo, Leitrim, Roscommon, and Mayo. 8vo. 1878. TO lac &
post-glac. 6 : caves 13 : sections 28— 32. J L

Do.

do. sheet 58 do. illustrating parts of the counties of
Armagh, Fermanagh, and Monaghan. 8vo. 1886. 1 Glac &

post-glac. 11.] L

Do. do. sheet 46
Fermanagh, Monaghan,
post-glac. 14—15,]

do. do. 8vo. 1886.
Armagh. Phys. geogr. 5—7

[Tyrone,
: glac. &

152

153

154

155

156

See Hull (304, 305, 307, 309), Kinahan
Leonard (470), Wilkinson (716, 717).

(427, 429),

Cusack (XVI. p.).

A History 1110 County and City of Cork. 8vo. Dublin and Cork,
“LVfc 419~ 453 : The Geology of Co. Cork, contributed by
Rev. M. H. Close. [Glac. & post-glac. geology, caves, &c.]

Cuvier (Baron Creorg'es).

Sur ies Os Fossiles de Ruminans, trouves dans les Terrains meubles.
Article 11., | 1 : De 1 elan fossile d’lrlande. Annales du Museum
dEisioire Nuturelle XII., 340-357. 1808. Reprinted in

Recherches sur les Ossemens fossiles de Quadruples . . ”

IV., Art II., pt. i. 4to. Paris, 1812.

Dawkins (W. Boyd).

°n ‘^Distribution of the British Post-glacial Mammals. Q.J.O.S.,
XXV., 192-217. 1869. [Eef. to Irish records.]

Cave Hunting.
&c. 335.]

8 vo. London, 1874. [Short ref. to Shandon cave,

Early Man in Britain. 8vo. London, 1880. [General ref.]

157

The British Pleistocene Mammalia. Part A: A Preliminary Treatise
on the Relation of the Pleistocene Mammalia to those now living
m Europe Palaontographical Soc., XXXII. 1878. [Brief ref.
to Ireland.] L

See Mams (7, 8).

158 Day (Robert).

[Flint Implements from Toome, Co. Antrim.] Journ. Kilk. Arch
Soc., Y. 226—228. 1865.

159

[Communication on presenting flint-flakes from near Belfast 1
PM . A.A.I., (3) I. (1868-69), 147—148. 1873.

Journ.

258

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

160 Day (Robert).

Supplemental Notes on some of the Antiquities discovered in Lough
Gur. Journ. Cork Hist. # Arch. Soc ., (2) I., 303 — 305. 1895.

[Ref. to animal remains.]

161

On some Prehistoric Remains from Lough Erne. Hist. Journ. Arch.,
n.s. I., 47 — 55. 1895. [Implements, canoes, &c.]

See Adams (7).

162 Deneley (Thomas).

[Extracts from his Journal.] Journ . Kilk. Arch. Soc., V. Hi., 441.
1866. [Irish elk finds. j

163 Denny (Henryu

On the Claims of the Gigantic Irish Deer to be considered as contem-
porary with Man. Troc. Geol. $ Polytechnic Soc. of IV. Riding of
Yorks., III. (1845-59), 400—440 (read 1855). 1859. [Full

paper.]

164

Observations on the Distribution of the extinct Bears of Britain, with
especial reference to a supposed new Species of Fossil Bear from
Ireland. Proc. Geol. Polytechnic Soc. of W. Riding of Yorks.,
IY. (1859-68), 338— 358, plate 10 (read 1864). 1869. [Brenan’s

Shandon specimens ]

165 Dickie (George).

[On “a recent deposit of wood, shells, &c.,” at Newcastle, Co. Down.]
Read before B.N.H. & P.S., 24 Febr., 1858. [For contents see
Praeger, 581, p. 240. At this time the Proceedings of this
Society were issued at intervals in leaflet form, without consecu-
tive paging, &c.]

166 Dickson (John Mitchell).

Crannog-hunting in Co. Down. Hist. Journ. Arch., n.s. I., 290.

1895. [Localities.]

167 Dixon (Robert V.).

On the Occurrence of an Ancient Paved Road, under deep bog, in the
neighbourhood of Omagh, County of Tyrone [a letter]. Journ.
G.S.D., IX., 343—344 (read 1861). 1862.

168 Donovan ( ).

[Remarks on Kitchen- middens.] Journ. R.G.S.I. , I. (1864-67), 189

(read 1866). 1867.

169 Drummond (James !■.).

On Fossil Infusoria found in the County Down, Ireland. Magatine of
Nat. Hist., n.s. III., 353 — 355. 1839. [At Lough Island Reavy :
descr. of deposit, &c.]

170 Dunne (Right Hon. Major-G-en. F. P,),

[Letter on crannogs and implements in Lough Annagh, borders of
King’s and Queen’s Cos.] Journ. H. $ A. A. I., (3) I. (1868-69),
154. 1873.

1895-96.]

259

171 Du BToyer (George Victor).

Remarks on the Geological Sections exposed by the Cuttings of the
Dublin and Drogheda Railway. Journ. G.S.D., III., 255—260.
1S47. [Remarks on glacial beds.]

172

On the Geology of the Lake District of Killarney. Journ. G.S.R.,
YII., 97 — 115 (read 1856). 1857. [Ref. to drift beds.]

173

Explanations to accompanying sheet 101 of the maps of the Geological
Survey of Ireland, illustrating parts of the counties of Meath,
Dublin, and Kildare. 8vo. 1860. [Form of ground 5 — 7 : glac.
beds 24.] L 6 8

17£

Do. do. sheet 111 do. do., illustrating part of the counties
of Dublin, Kildare, and Meath. 8vo. 1860. [Glac. geol. 23—24.]

175

Do. do. sheet 193 do. do., illustrating part of the Counties

of Cork and Kerry. 8vo. 1861. [Glac. beds 18—20.]

176

Drift at Donald’s Hill, Ireland. Geologist for 1861, 116— 117. 1861.
[Co. Derry : deers’ horns, &c., under drift on denuded surface of
Chalk.]

177

On the Evidence of Glacial Action over the South of Ireland during the
Drift Period ; and of a subsequent slight Elevation, followed by
a depression of the Land, to its present Level. Geologist for 1862,
242—254, plates 13—14. 1862.

17S

Explanation to accompany sheets 167, 168, 178, and 179 of the maps,
and sheet 13 of the longitudinal sections of the Geological Survey
of Ireland, illustrating parts of the counties of Waterford,
Wexford, Kilkenny, and Tipperary. 8vo. 1865. [ Glac. and

post- glac. 15—17, 80.]

179

On the Discovery of the Head and Antlers, with some of the Bones, of
the Megaceros Hibernieus, near Kilsheer, County of Meath.
Journ. R.G.S.I., I. (1863-66), 247—248 (read 1866). 1867.

[Descr. & additional records of mammalian bones.]

180

On Worked Flints from Carrickfergus and Larne [abstract]. Q.J.G.S. ,

XXIV. , 495. 1868. [Found in gravel up to 20 feet, and subsoil

clay up to 600 feet.]

181

On Flint Flakes from Carrickfergus and Larne (abridged). Q.J.G.S.,

XXV. , 48 — 50. 1869. [Distribution and mode of occurrence.]

182

[The Glacial period and its influence on the flora] [a letter]. 6th Ann.
Report R.N.F.C. (for 1868-69), 31—33. 1869.

26o

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

183 Du Woyer (George Victor).

On the Flint flakes of Antrim and Down [a letter], Journ. R.G.S.I,
II., 169— 171, plate 13. (Read 1869). 1871. [Distribution.]

See Jukes (334 to 345, 351), O'Kelly (533).

184 Du Woyer (George Victor) and J. Beete Jukes.

Explanations to accompany sheets 100 and 1 10 of the maps of the
Geological Surrey of Ireland, illustrating parts of Westmeath,
Meath, Kildare, and King’s Counties. 8vo. 1860. [Glac. &
post-glac. 19 — 21]

185 Edgeworth (Richard Eovell).

A further Account of Discoveries in the Turf Bogs of Ireland.
Archceoloffia, VII., Ill — 112 (read 1 783). 1786. [Iron, wooden,
and textile articles under 15 feet of hog near Mullingar.]

186 Egan (F. W.).

Explanatory Memoir to accompany sheet 48 of the maps of the
Geological Survey of Ireland, illustrating parts of the counties of
Down and Armagh. 8vo. 1872. [Glac. & post-glac. 88 — 42.
Deer remains.]

187

188

189

190

191

Do. do. sheet 47 do. do., including the country around

Armagh. 8vo. 1873. [Form of ground 7 — 8 ; glac. and post-
glac. 50 — 65 : Megaceros.']

Do. do. sheet 59 do. do., including the districts of
N e wto wnhamilton, Keady, and Castleblayney. 8vo. 1877.
[Phys. geogr. 7 — 9 ; glac. & post-glac. 24 — 25 ; striae 30 — 31.]

Do. do. sheet 27 do. do., including . . . [parts of]

Londonderry . . . Tyrone, and . . . Antrim. 8vo. 1881.

[Phys. geogr. 7 — 9 ; glac. & post-glac. 35 — 40 ; striae 43—44.]

Do. do.
Antrim.

sheet 19 do. do. 8vo. 1882. [Cos. Derry and
Phys. geogr. 5 — 7 ; glac. and post-glac. 16 — 22.]

Do. do.
Antrim.

sheet 13 do. do. 8vo. 1884. [Cos. Derry &
Phys. geogr. 5—7 ; glac. and post-glac. 11 — 14.]

See Hull (307), Kinahan (433), Nolan (538, 529), Symes
(649), Traill (667), Wilkinson (718).

192 Egan (F. W.), J. R. Kilroe, and W. F. Mitchell.

Explanatory Memoir to accompany sheet 24 of the maps of the
Geological Survey of Ireland, comprising portions of the counties
of Donegal and Tyrone. 8vo. 1888. [Phys. geogr. 7 — 12; glac.
and post-glac. 38—45.]

193 Enniskillen (Earl of).

[Remarks on crannogs.] Proc. R.I.A. , V. (1850-68), 214 — 216 (read
1851). 1853.

1895-96.]

2.6 I

194

195

196

197

193

199

200

201

202

203 -

204 -

Evans (John).

On some Discoveries of Stone Implements in Lough Neagh Ireland
Tj XLI> 397“i08’ plate 18- 1867-68- “n

Address, Sertion C. Brit Assoc. Report for 1878, 519-527
[Kef. to absence ©f palseolithic implements, &c.]

1879,

See Adams (7, 8).

F. (J.).

Ancient Iron Fetters. TJlst. Journ. Arch., VI., 168 160 185«

[Stone crannog submerged in Port Lough near Londonderry.] '

Pirth (Wiiuam a.) and William Swanston.

t0 the.Piat0“ace°us Deposits at Lough Mourne and in

1887-8U8T f8rtS n- <V HI ,62-64 (for

88). 1888. [Descr. and lists of species.]

Foot (Arthur Wynne).

An Account of a Visit to the Cave of Dunmore, with some remarks on
M_“r ferein. Journ. R.B. # A. A. I., (4) I. L,

70. [Full descr., and lists of human hones ]

Foot (Frederick J.)

Description of Ballyallia Cave, near Ennis, with Account of the
Discovery there of the Lesser Horse-Shoe Bat S DubUn
Nut- Nut. Soc., II. ( 1856-69), 162 — 154 tread 1859) lSfln • QTiri
Nat. Bist. Review, VI., S79-381. 1859. ’ ™d

Explanations to accompany sheet 136 of the Maps of the Geological
of ^th7co0mHeionfV-^ ustrating parts of the Queen’s County, and
& post g ac lf l I l ienny and I'Pperarv. 8vo. 1860. [Glac.

Do. do. sheets 140 and 141
parts of the County of Kerrv. 8vo
16.]

do.

1860.

do. illustrating
[Glac. & post-glac.

D°* ,d°' j. sheets 114=, 122, and 123 do. do. illustrating

parts of the counties of Clare and Galway. 8vo. 1863. fGhuf
& post-glac. 9. Animal remains. Caves 18.] ^

“ 4-5I t iw."n,y of Longford [a letterJ- Gco 1 II-.

On a Recent Erratic Block. Journ. R.G.S.I., I. 0864-671 32 31

(read 1864 .1867; and Dublin Q.J.S.,Y ., mil94 1m U
S-ton block moved 60 yards by ice, L. Kee, Co. Longford.] L

See Pool (758), Jukes (346, 347), Kinahan (425, 426).

262

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

205

206
207

203

209

210

211

212

213

216:

215

[Foot (Frederick J.), and J. Beete Jukes.]

Explanations to accompany sheets 131 and 132 of the maps of the
Geological Survey of Ireland, illustrating part of the County of
Clare. 8vo. 1860. [Glac. & post-glac. 20 — 21. Marl shells.]

[Foot (Frederick J.) and George Henry Xinahan].

Do do. sheet 133 do. do. illustrating a portion of
the County of Clare. Bvo. 1862. [Glac. & post-glac. 32—34.
Megaceros."]

[Foot (Frederick J.), J. Beete Jukes, and Richard Glascott
Symes.]

Do. do. sheets 96, 97, 106, and 107 do. do., illustrating

parts of the counties of Galway and Roscommon. 8vo. 1867.
[Glac. & post-glac. (eskers chiefly) 23—38 ; marl shells.]

Foot (Frederick J.) and J. O’Xelly.

Do do. sheets 98, 99, 108, and 109 do. do., illustrating

parts of the Counties of Westmeath, Roscommon, Galway,
Longford, and King’s County. 8vo. 1866. [Glac. & post-glac.
(eskers chiefly) 20 — 35.]

[Foot (Frederick J.), J. O’Xelly, and J. Beete Jukes.]

Do. do. sheet 146 do. do., illustrating parts of the
Counties of Kilkenny and Tipperary. 8vo. 1861. [Sections
22 — 23 : glac. & post-glac. 32.]

Forbes (Edward).

On the Connection between the existing Fauna and Flora of the British
Isles, and the Geological changes which must have effected their
Area, especially during the Epoch of the Northern Drift.
Memoirs of the Geol. Survey of Gt. Britain, I., 336 432. *

[General considerations and descr.; table of fossils, Slade and
Featherd, Co. Wexford, and Tramore, Co. Waterford ; genl. list of
glac. fossils.]

Frazer (William).

Remarks on specimens of Fungi, obtained adhering to old trees under a
bog near Tralee. Proc. Dublin Nat. Hist. Soc., II. (1856-59), 34
35 (read 1857). 1860; and Nat. Hist. Review , IV., 87—88.

1858. [ Polypori under 13 feet of hog.]

On a Dish of Wood found in a Bog at Ballymoney. Proc. £ Papers R.
S.A.I., (5; I. (1830-91), 586—587. 1892. [Below 16 feet of bog,
Co. Antrim.]

Geikie (James).

On Changes of Climate during the Glacial Epoch : 4th Paper. Geol.
Mag., IX., 105—111. 1872. [General view of the Irish series. j

The Great Ice Age and its Relation to the Antiquity of Man. 8vo. 1874.
(and subsequent editions). [Refs, to Irish deposits.]

Geinitz (H. B.).

On the Cervus (Megaceros) Hibernicus, from the County of Limenc *
in the Royal Museum at Dresden. Journ. G.S.D., IX., 339— 0*0
(read 1861). 1862. [Descr.; table of dimensions ; discussion.]

23,6

217

218

219

220

221

222

223

Geological Society of Dublin.

[Reindeer head and horns found near Ashbourne, Co. Dublin
exhibited.] Journ. G.S.D. , X., 70. (1862). 1864. ’

Geological Survey of Ireland : Maps.

205 coloured sheets, 1855-1890. [Drift, raised beach, alluvium, bog
are marked.] ’

Geological Survey of Ireland : Memoirs.

See Cruise (148 to 152), Du Noyer (173 to 175, 178), Egan
(186 to 192), Foot (200 to 202, 205 to 209), Hardman
(257, 259), Hull (295, 300, 301, 304 to 311), Jukes
(322, 327, 328, 334 to 360), Kilroe (369), Kinahan

J82’ 4°7’ 411f 424 t0 434), Leonard (469,
470), Mitchell (505, 506), Nolan (525 to 529), O’Kelly
(531 to 533), Symes (645 to 655), Traill (667), Wilkin-
son (716 to 721), Wynne (736, 742).

Glennon (Richard).

On the Discovery of the Bones of extinct Deer, &c., at Lough Gur in
the county of Limerick. Zool., V., 1589-1593. 1847 TDescr

by the finder.] L

Descnption of the Calcareous Tuff a, &c., in reference to the Giant
Deer. Zool., V., 1683-1685. 1847.

Grainger (Rev. Canon John).

Catalogue of the Shells found in the Alluvial Deposits of Belfast
Brit Assoc. Report for 1852, Sections, 43-46 [annotated list], and
74— 7o [general descr. of beds]. 1853. J

On the Shells found in the Post-tertiary Deposits of Belfast [a paper
i eclibefT D,iblm diversity Zool. and Bot. Assoc., 17 Dec
1858]. Nat. Hist Renew, VI., 135—151. 1859. [Fossils of

estuarine clays and raised beaches.]

On the Fossils of the Post tertiary Deposits of Ireland. Brit. Assoc
BeportforUU, Sections , 73-76. 1875. [Lists of fossils of raised
beaches and glac. deposits.]

Extinct Wiid Life. Free. B.N.F.C. ( i ) II., 437-439 (for 1885-86).
1886. [Ref. to animal remains.]

224

A Question concerning the Antrim Gravels [abstract I. Proc R N N

fatfon^griverSls.]9' ^

225 Graves (Rev. James).

[Notes on Antiquities from crannog, Ballinderry Lough, Co West
meath.] Journ. R.H. § < 4) II. i. (1883), 196-202! 1884.

226 Gray (William).

On Megaceros hibernicus [abstract].

7. 1865 ; and Geol. Mag., II.,

Island Magee.]

Report R.N.F.C. for
134, 1865. [Spec.

1864-65,
found at

264

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

227 ©ray (William).

The Flint-flake Foundation of the Pre-Adamite Theory. 4 th Ann.
Report B.N.F.C. (1866-G7), 44-48. 1867. [Localities and

mode of occurrence of flint-flakes.]

228

229

230

23X

232

233

234

235

236

237

238

Glacial Markings recently observed around Belfast [abstract], bth
Ann. Report B.N.F.C. (for 1867-68), 34. 1868.

Notes on the rudely- worked Flakes of Antrim and Down— their
character, distribution, and similarity to specimens from England,
Scotland, and the Continent. Proc. B.N.F.C., (2) I., 108—113
(for 1874-75). 1875.

Hunting in the Sand-dunes. Proc. B.N.F.C ., (2) I., 264 — 266 (for
1876-77). 1878. [Descr. & localities.]

Opening Address. Proc. B.J\.F.C. , (2) I., 343 — 348 (for 1878-79).
1879. [Caves. Implements.]

The Character and Distribution of the Budely -worked Flints of the
North of Ireland, chiefly in Antrim and Down. Journ. R.H. $'
A.A.I., (4) Y. i. (1879), 109—143. 1882. [Full paper.]

Notice of Canoe, Lough Moume Crannog. Journ. R.H. $ A.A.I.,
(4) YI. ii., 371—372. 1884.

The Sandhills of Ballintoy. Proc. B.N.H. $ P.S. for 1883-84, 17.
1884. [Human occupation.]

TErroneous statements respecting flint implements and Mammoth’s
tooth.] Proc. B.N.F.C., (2) 11., 287 — 289 (for 1883-84). 1884.

Bough Flint Celts of the County Antrim. Journ. R.H. § A.A.I.,
(4) VIII. ii., 505—506. 1889. [Bef. to mode of occurrence.]

The Antiquarian Aspect of the County Antrim Baised Beaches. Proc.
$ Papers R.S.A.I . , (5) I. (1890-91), 388 — 390, plate. 1892.
[Flakes found from top to base.]

Worked Flints, ancient and modern. Proc. B.N.F.C., (2) III., 548
569, 8 plates (for 1892-93). 1893.

239 Green (A. H.)

Notes on the Geology of Part of Co. Donegal, Ireland. Geol. Mag.,
VIII., 553— 561. 1871. [Befs. to glaciation.]

240 Griffith (Sir Richard).

Outline of the Geology of Ireland, extracted from the Second Report
of the Commissioners appointed to enquire into the manner in
which Bailway communications can he most advantageously
promoted in Ireland. 26 pp. Folio. Coloured map. Dublin,
1830. [Befs. to glac. & post-glac. beds.]

1895-96.3

265

241 Griffith (Sir Richard).

Presidential Address [to Geol. Soc. Dublin]. Journ. G.S.D., I. Hi.
(1836), 141 — 162. 1837. [Review of papers read.]

242

On tbe Distribution of Erratic Blocks in Ireland, and particularly those
of tbe Counties of Sligo and Mayo. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1343,
Sections , 40—42. 1844.

243

On tbe occurrence of a Bed of Sand, containing recent Marine
Shells, on the summit of a Granite Hill, on the coast of the county
of Mayo. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1843, Sections , 50—51, 1844.
[At 320 ft. in Erris ; shells plentiful at lower elevations.]

244

Notices of the Geology of Ireland. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1S52,
Sections , 47 — 48. 1853. [Refs, to Tertiary 8c Rost-Tert. beds.]

245

Report relative to the Moving Bog of Kilmaleady, in King’s Co.
Journ. R.B.S., I., 141— 144, map. 1856.

246

On “ The Boulder Drift and Esker Hills of Ireland,” and “ On the
position of Erratic Blocks in the Country.” Brit. Assoc. Report
for 1871, Sections , 98—100. 1872.

247 Hall (3. S.), and Mrs. S. €3. Hall.

Ireland: its Scenery, Character, &c. 3 vois. Svo. [1811—43.]

[Submerged castle in Port Dough, near Londonderry, III., 259].

248 [Halley (S3.)].

[Remarks on large teeth dug up in Ireland.] Phil. Trans., XXIX.
(1714-16), 383 — 384. 1717 ; see also Phil. Trans. (1700-1720)

Abridged, 1Y. ii., 244 — 245. 1721. [Elephant’s teeth found at

Maghery, borders of Cavan and Monaghan.]

249 Hamilton (C. W.).

[Annual] Address [to Geol. Soc. Dublin]. Journ. G.S.L., III., 97—118.
1845. [Review of papers read.]

250 Marhison (Mann).

On the Origin of Eskers. Proc. B.N.F.C., (2) I., 100— 10S (for
1874-75). 1875. [Advocates marine origin.]

253. Hardman (Sdward T.).

List of Papers published on the Geology of the North of Ireland, and
adjoining Districts. Published for the use of the Geological
Survey of Ireland. Svo. 32 pp. 1872. [Useful bibliography,
including Ulster cos., and Galway, Leitrim, Longford, Louth,
Mayo, Meath, Roscommon, Sligo, Westmeath.]

252

Note on a small raised estuarine Beach at Tramore Bay, Co. Waterford,
showing Traces of several oscillatory Movements during the Recent
Period. Journ. R.G.S.I., IV., 31 — 36 (read 1873). 1877 : and

Geol. Mag., (2) I., 210 — 215. 1874. [Peaty and sandy layers :

shells.]

266

[Appendix B.N.F.C.

253

254:

Hardman (Edward T.;.

On some new Localities for Upper Boulder Clay in Ireland. Brit
Assoc. Report for 1874, Sections, 76-77. 1875 [abstract] ; and

Journ. R.GS.I., IV., 73—82, plates 5—6 (read 1376). 1877.

[Localities, descriptions.]

Fossiliferous Pliocene Clays overlying Basalt, near the shore of Lough
Neagh. Geol. Mag., (21 III., 556 — 558. 1876. [Umo-hke shells.]

255

256

257

On the Age and Mode of Formation of Lough Neagh, Ireland, with
Notes on the Physical Geography and Geology of the surrounding
Country. Journ. R.G.S.I., IV., 170— 199, plates 11—13 (read
1875). 1877. [Ref. to glacial beds.]

On two new Deposits of Human and other Bones, discovered in the
Cave of Dunmore, Co. Kilkenny. Proc. R.I.A., (2) 11.

{Science), 168-176, plate 18. 1875-77. [Descr : list of bones.]

Explanatory Memoir to accompany sheet 35 of the maps of the
Geological Survey of Ireland, on the Geology of the Tyrone Coal-
field and surrounding districts. 8vo. 1877. [Tyrone, Armagh,
Antrim. Glac. &post-glac. 14, 78 — 82 ; sections, 23 65, 74-/6 ;

fossiliferous clays, 89 — 90.]

258

The Fossiliferous Clay Beds overlying Basalt, Lough Neagh, and the
geological Age of that Lake. Geol. Mag., (2) VI., 214 216.

1 879. [Fresh -water Pliocene shells.]

259

Explanatory Memoir to accompany sheets 148 and 149 of the maps
of the Geological Survey of Ireland. 8vo. 1887. [Cos.
Wexford, Carlow, Wicklow. Glac. & post-glac. 11 : striae 18. J

See also 759.

260 Hargrave (Henry J. B.).

On the general geological features observable on the sea- shore between
Balbriggan and Rush. Journ. G.S.jD., VJJL’ l00~^4 ft*®?
1858). I860 ; and Nat. Hist. Review, VI., 63 — 68. 1859. [Ref.
to glac. beds & shells.]

261 Harkness (Robert). _ , ,

On a Crannoge found in Drumkeery Lough, near BMlieborough, co.
Cavan, Ireland. Archaologia, XXXIX., 483—490. 18b3.

262

263

[ Animal Remains found in a limestone quarry at Midleton, Co. Cork.]
[Read before the Cork Cuvierian Society, 1865.] Cork Constitution,
5 May, 1865, and Geol. Mag., II., 281. 1865 [abstract].

On the Middle Pleistocene Deposits. Geol. Mag., VI., 542-550.
1869. [Important paper. Wexford beds: Descr., correlation,
and list of fossils.]

1895-96.]

267

264

265

266

267

268

269

270

271

272

273 :

Harkness (Robert)

On the Occurrence of Elephant-remains in Ireland. Geol. Mag., VII.,
253 258, 1870. [Descr. & criticism of each published dis-

covery.]

The Discovery of a Kitchen -midden at Ballycotton in Co. Cork.
Brit. Assoc. Report for 1870, Sections, 150— 151. 1871. [Imple-
ments & animal remains.] L

Hart (John).

[Report on construction of skeleton of Irish Deer.] Proc. R. I) S
LX. (1823-24), 238 — 244. 1824. [Descr., localities, &c.]

Notice concerning Human Rones found in the Limestone Cave of
Dunmore Park, m the County of Kilkenny. Dublin Phil. Journ
and Scient. Review, II., 88—92. 1826. [Descr. of cave, &c.]

A Description of the Skeleton of the Fossil Deer of Ireland, Cervus
Mfcgaceros ; drawn up at the instance of the Committee of Natural
Philosophy of the Royal Dublin Society. 32 pp., 2 plates 8vo
2nd ed. Dublin, 1830. [Translated^ repubUshW 7n
des Jcwnces Naturelles, VIII., 389-410, 1826; and (with 2
additional plates) as an appendix to 5th ed. of Jameson’s trans-
lation of Cuvier’s Theory of the Earth, 1827.]

Observations on the Fossil Deer of Ireland. Journ. G.S.D., I. (1833-
38), 20-23, plate, (read 1833). 1837. [Characters, localities.]

Harte (William).

Notes on the Physical Features of Donegal. Journ. R.G.S.I. I.
21, n7^rend r1?64^ 1867‘ ^F°r discussion see pp. 93-94] •

glac hedt] Q ' ’ '°L 1865' [Ilef- t0 glaC- & ^

On the Occurrence of Kjokkenmoddings in the County of Donegal

iT^n m ^ 18G7- &or discussion

FOnf'ur f^i and ?fUn VI., 189—193. 1866

LOn Inch Island : descr., & lists of animal remains.]

011 (r6^ and Post -pliocene Phenomena)

of the County of Donegal, and Part of the County of Derry and
its Connexion with that of Scotland. Journ. R.G.S.I. II
p ates 2—3 (read 1867). 1871. [Glac. phenomena & deposits.] ’
Hasse (Rev. Leonard),

Classification of flint-flakes found on the Baised Beach at Carnlourii

wf “ rC 7”' ■ # V AL’ W 153-158.’

1887. [mode of occurrence.]

Objects from the sandhills at Portstewart and Grangemore, and their

fJXef-isftr * A-AI (4) ix- *,

274

268

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

275 Hasse (Rev. Iieonard).

Obiects from the Sandhills at Dundrum, and their Antiquity. Journ.
R.S.A.I., (5) IY., 1-13, plate. 1894.

Hatch (F.W.) see Hull (305).

276 Haughton (Rev. Samuel).

On the Discovery of an Irish Elk, with a notice of allusions to this
animal in the Book of Lismore. Journ. G.S.D., IX., 340 — 343
(read 1861). 1862. [In Queen’s Co.]

277

r Announcement of discovery of skeleton of Red Deer in Co. Fermanagh.]
Journ. G.S.L., X. (1862-64), 1G6 (read 1863). 1864.

278

Observations on the Fossil Red Deer of Ireland, founded on the
Skeletons found at Bohoe, in the County of Fermanagh, in 1863.
Journ. G.S.L. , X. (1862-64), 125-127, plate 11 (read 1863).
1864. [For discussion see p. 168] ; and Lublin Q.J.S., IY-, 219
221, plate 15. 1864. [List of bones; proposes the name

C. elaphus var. fossilis Eibernicus.']

279

[Remarks on Reindeer and Red Deer remains, co. Fermanagh.] Journ.
G.S.L., X. (1862-64), 166 (made 1863). 1864.

280

[Remarks on Lough Gur find.] Journ. G.S.L., X. (1862-64), 174.
1864.

281

[Remarks on glaciation of Ireland.] Journ. R.G.S.I. , I. (1864-67),
91—92 (made 1864). 1867.

See Adams (7, 8).

282 Kayman (Rev. Samuel).

[Ardmore submarine crannog.] Journ. R.E. § A. A. I., (4) Y . i. (1879),
154-155. 1882.

283 Herdman (W. A.).

Notes on the submarine Deposits of the Irish Sea. Proc. V pool Geol.
Soc., YII. ii. (for 1893-94), 171—182. 1894.

284

Second Report of the Committee ... on the Marine Zoology of
the Irish Sea. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1894, 318—334, plate 1.
1895. [Submarine deposits.]

285 Hibbert (S.),

Additional Contributions towards the History of the Cervus Euryceros,
or Fossil Elk of Ireland. Edinb. Journ. of Science, n.s. II., 301—
317. 1830. [Distribution, age, &e.]

286 Historical and Archaeological Association of Irelandi

[Short-horned Cow’s horn, found in marl below peat, Castlewarren,
L Co Kilkenny, presented by John M‘Donald.] Journ. E. #
A.A.I., (3) I. (1868-69), 268. 1873.

895-96.]

269

287

283

289

290

291

292

293

294

295

296

297

298

299 ■

Hitchcock (Richard).

Notes made in the Archaeological Court of the Great Exhibition of
18d3. Trans. Kilh. Arch. Soc., II. ii., 280—295. 1853. [Bears’
skulls, exhibited by Abraham Whyte Baker, p. 293.]

Hughes (W.).

Geological Notes on Ireland ; . . 130pp.

1882. [Boulders, shells, marl, sand and
42 — 52.]

12mo. 4th ed. Dublin,
gravel ridges, chap. VI.,

Hull (Edward).

On the Vestiges of Extinct Glaciers in the Neighbourhood of Great
Britain and Ireland [abstract]. Proc. Phil. Soc. Manchester, I
(1857-60), 204-206. 1869. [Ref. to glaciation of Kerry.]

Observations on the General Relations of the Drift Deposit of Ireland
to those of Great Britain. Geol. M ag., VIII., 294 — 299. 1871.

[Tripartite sub-division ; sketches of Killiney, &c.]

Drift Deposits of Ireland [a letter]. Geol. Mag., IX., 335. 1872.

[Reply to Kinahan.]

On the Raised Beach of the North-east of Ireland. Brit. Assoc. Report
for 1872, Sections , 113 — 114. 1873. [Descr. ; identity with

Scotch 25-ft beach : lists of fossils, Balbriggan, Kilroot, & Larne.]

Boulder- Clay in Ireland [a letter]. Geol. Mag., \2) II., 524. 1875.

[Irish succession.]

On Glaciers, Ancient and Modern. Journ. R.P.S. , VI., 505—508.
1875. [Ref. to Irish glac. geology.]

Explanatory Memoir to accompany Sheets 21, 28, and 29 of the Maps
of the Geological Survey of Ireland, including the country around
Antrim, Larne, and Carrickfergus. 8vo. 1876. [Phys. geogr.
7--8 ; glac. & post-glac. 32 — 36 ; raised beach fossils.]

Anniversary Address [to Roy. Geol. Soc. I.]. Journ. R.G.S.I., IV.,
49 — 59 (read 1875). 1877. [Ref. to cave explorations.]

Physical Geology and Geography of Ireland. 8vo. London, 1878.
and 2nd ed., 1891. [Part 1, chap. IV., glac. ; chaps. V.— VI. post-
glac. ; Part III., glaciation of Ireland.] [Descr. : lists of fossils :
bibliography. ]

On the^ Origin of “ The Scalp.” Sci. Proc. R.P.S. , n.s. I., 11—17.
1878. [Pre-glac. or post-glac. age.]

Geology of the Environs of Dublin. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1878,
527. 1879. [title only] ; and Geol, Mag., (2) V., 457 — 460., 1878.

270

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

300 Hull (Edward).

Explanatory Memoir to accompany Sheet 120 of the Maps of the
Geological Survey of Ireland, illustrating parts of the Counties of
Kildare, Wicklow, and Dublin. 8vo. 1880. [Phys. geogr.
5—7 ; glac. & post-glac. 15 — 16. Megaceros.~\

301

Do. do. sheets 60, 61, and part of 71 do. do., including
the Country around Newry . . . and the Moume Mountains.

8vo. 1881.' [Gen. descr. 7—12 ; glac. and post-glac. 18—22 ; glac.
and raised beach fossils. Striae 48 — 55]

302

Note of a few of the more remarkable Boulder- stones to he found
along the Eastern Margin of the Wicklow Mountains. Brit. Assoc.
Report for 1887, 691. 1888 [abstract] ; and Geol. Mag., (3) IV.,
560—561. 1887. [Descr. several large erratics.]

303

The Submergence of the British Islands during the Glacial Period.
Geol. Mag., (3) X., 104—107. 1893. [Submergence of Ireland.]

See Kinahan (433).

304 Hull (Edward) and Richard J. Cruise.

Explanatory Memoir to accompany sheets 91 and 92 of the Maps of the
Geological Survey of Ireland, illustrating parts of the counties of
Meath, Louth, and Dublin. 8vo. 1871. [Glac. and post-glac.
41—43 ; raised beach fossils.]

305 Hull (Edward), Richard J. Cruise, and F. H. Hatch.

Do. do. sheets 138 and 139 do. do. 8vo. 1888.
[Wicklow, Carlow, Wexford. Glac. and post-glac. 18 — 24 :
auriferous gravels 24 — 29.]

306 Hull (Edward), J. R. Kilroe, and W. F. Mitchell.

Do. do. the maps of South-west Donegal, sheets 22, 23, 30,
and 31 (in part), do. do. 8vo. 1891. [Phys. geogr.
7— 12 ; glac. & post-glac. 54—57.]

307 Hull (Edward), Cr. H. Kinahan, Joseph Nolan, R J. Cruise,

F. W. Egan, J. R. Kilroe, W. F. Mitchell, and A. M‘Henry.

Do. do. sheets 3, 4, 5 (in part), 9, 10, 11 (in part), 15, and 16
do. do. comprising North-west and central Donegal. 8vo.
1891. [Loughs 11—14; bibliography 23—29; glac. and post-
glac. 107—113 ; striae 121—128.]

308 Hull (Edward) and W. B. Leonard.

Do. do sheets 81 and 82 do. do. illustrating portion
of the counties of Louth, Meath, and Monaghan. Svo. 1871.
[Glac. and post-glac. 32—33; marl shells, Megaceros .]

309 Hull (Edward), Joseph Nolan, R. J. Cruise, and A. M‘Henry.

Do. of Inishowen, County Donegal, to accompany sheets

1, 2, 5, 6 and 11 (in part) do. do. Hvo. 1890.
[Bibliography 5—7; glac. and post-glac, 32—35; striae 36—38.]

1895-96.]

271

310 Hull (Edward), J. Xi. Warren, and W. B. Leonard.

Explanatory Memoir to accompany sheet 36 of the Maps of the
Geological . Survey of Ireland, including the country around
Belfast, Lisburn, and Moira. 8vo. 1871. [General glaciation
12 ; glac. and post-glac. 37—38.]

311

Do. ^ do. sheets 37, 38, and part of 29 do. do. includ-
ing the country around Bangor, Newtownards, Comber, and

if nl rl in Pav n -10-1 n.i

314

Saintfield, in the County of Down. 8vo.
7’ — 8 ; glac. and post-glac. 40—43.]

1871. [Phys. geogr.

312 Hyndman (George C.).

Report of the Proceedings of the Belfast Dredging Committee. Brit
Assoc. Report for 1857, 220—237. 1858. [Post-glac. fossils.]

313

[Second] Report of the Belfast Dredging Committee. Brit. Assoc.
Report for 1858, 282-291. 1859. [Turbot Bank glac. fossils.]

Report of the Belfast Dredging Committee for 1859 [third and last]
Brit. Assoc. Report for 1859, 116—119. 1860. [ Ball vr udder glac.
gravels, list of fossils.]

See Bryce (111;, Portlock (572).

315 Xnnes (Rev. Robert).

[Letters to Dr. Nicholson, Bishop of Derry.] London, 1782
letters, of -whir- h fhrao oro • a 1 ■

316

317

318

[Seven

letters, of which three are republished in Anthologia Siler nica,
pp 116-120 ] nne deposits of Magilligan, Co. Derry , letter 1,

Tames (Captain Henry, afterwards Col. Sir Henry).

Note on the tertiary deposits of Co. Wexford.’ Joum. III..

195— 19 < . 1846. [Descr. and list of fossils.]

Jeffreys (John Gwyn).

Gleanings in British Conchology. Ann. § Mag. Sat. Sist.,

i18^19’.!18-!68 ; IIL> 113— 114, 1859; IY., 194, 1859.

Bank fossils.]

(3) II.,
[Turbot

British Conchology. 5 vols., 8vo. London, 1862-69. [Turbot Bank
glac. fossils, I., xciT-xcTiii. Vols. II.-V. contain numerous
ie±s. to Irish fossils, chiefly from Stewart’s, Hyndman’s, &
Grainger s papers. Supplement in Y. has many refs, to Walpole’s
Killiney fossils & Bell’s Portrush fossils.]

319 Jennings (Francis).

On some Geological Phenomena in the vicinity of Cork. Brit. Assoc.
ment]f°r lg44. [Submerged peat, sea encroach-

320

Jukes (Joseph Beete).

Annual Address [to Geol. Soc. Dublin],

L uwnuj . O UUI H . O

(read 1854). 1856. [Ref to glac. deposits.]

J~ourn. G.S.D., YI., 61 10S

272

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

321 Jukes (Joseph Beete).

Annual Address [to Geol. Soc. Dublin]. Journ. G.S.D. , VI., 252 —
283. (read 1855). 1856. [Review of papers read.]

322 [ ]

Explanations to accompany sheets 147 and 167 of the Maps of the
Geological Survey of Ireland, illustrating parts of the counties of
Kilkenny, Carlow, and "Wexford. 8vo. 1861. [Glac. & post-
glac. 56 — 59.]

323

Manual of Geology. 2nd ed. Edinburgh, 1862. [Irish glac. & post-
glac. beds, 674 — 686; Irish Pleist. mammals 695 — 696.]

324

On the Mode of Formation of some of the liiver- valleys in the south
of Ireland. Q.J.G.S., XVIII., 378—403, plate 20. 1862 ; and

Journ. G.S.D., X. (1862-64), 72-73 (read 1862). 1864 [abstract].
[Refs, to glac. & post-glac. geology.]

325 ■

On certain Markings on the Bones of a Megaceros lately found in
Ireland. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1863, Sections, 81. 1864. [Co.

Longford.]

326

On some Indentations on Bones of a Cervus Megaceros found in June,

1863, underneath a bog near Legan, Co. Longford. Journ. G.S.D. ,

X. (1862-64), 127—137, plates 12—14 (read 1863). 1864. [For

discussion see pp. 168 — 171] ; and Dublin Q.J.S., IV., 209 — 219,
plates 11 — 14. 1864.

327

Explanation of sheets 187, 195, and 196 of the Maps, and part of sheet
5 of the sections, of the Geological Survey of Ireland, illustrating
part of the County of Cork. 8vo. 1864. [Glac. 9, 68 — 60.]

328

Explanation to accompany sheet 192 and part of sheet 199 of the
Maps of the Geological Survey of Ireland, illustrating parts of the
counties of Cork and Kerry. 8vo. 1864. [Glac. 45 — 46.]

329

[Remarks on bears in Ireland.] Journ. G.S.D., X. (1862-64), 173,

1864.

330

[Remarks on striations at Ross Hill, Co. Galway.] Journ. R.G.S.I.,
I. (1864-67), 90 (made 1864). 1867.

331

[Remarks on indented bones of Megaceros. ] Journ. R.G.S.I.,
I. (1864-67), 177—178 (made 1865.) 1867. [From Legans, Co.

Longford.]

[Remarks on Kitchen- middens,] Journ. R.G.S.J., I. (1864-67), 188 —
189 (made 1866). 1867.

332

[S95-96.]

27 3

333

334

335

Jukes (Joseph Seete).

0n “^trf S* Ration in “ Mand.

zZZltiont p. 1] (,'ead 1866)' 187L £S«al

sss&sj ao9>’ <«•-

[Jukes (Joseph Beete) and George Victor Bu Woyer],

,«i ®5,s?ni’!10ns to accompany Quarter Sheet 46 N.W. [sheet
6 ], °f the Maps of the Geological Survey of Ireland Svo 1858
[Tipperary, Kilkenny. Glac. and post-glac. 7-8, 24.]

Explanations to accompany sheet 184 do.
of the County of Kerry. 8vo. 1859
post-glac. 34—36.1

do., illustrating part
[Glac. 17 — 18; glac. &

do., illustrating parts of
1861. [Glac. 34—35.]

336 [ ]

Do. do. sheets 185 and 186 do

the Counties of Kerry and Cork. 8vo.

337 [ ]

toe ^Counties ifublirf and Meath.

sections 62 ; glac. & post-glac. 66 — 68.] ^ * ’

338 [ -J

toe county of ^ork.^ 29 ^ of

D°' of Kerry, “l861.

J/iheCotty [Gf c. & apart

P engraved sectton, ‘sheet Na’lfi rffte^So^orf
post-gla™' 48— 49f]‘he C°Untj °f Ken7' 8™' 1S68, [Glac- *

lliiplanations to accompany sheets 121 and 130 of the maps of the
Gcologieal Survey of Ireland, illustrating a portion of the counties
gL“l7a“ blm- 8V0- 1869- [«1“- 11; glac. & post-

[,WynnerePh V’ WOyer’ J' O'Kelly, and A. B.

Data and Descriptions to accompany Quarter Sheet 35 N.E., [sheet

rK^™h|“T 0flhn Geo!°gical sm'vey Of Ireland. 8vo. 1858.
[Kildaie, King s and Queen’s cos. Glac. & post-glac. 17—18 1

339

340

341

342

343

274

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

3^'S: [Jukes (Joseph Beete), G. V, Du TJoyer, and A. B. Wynne.]

Do. do. Quarter Sheet 45 S.W. [sheet 166], do. do.

Svo. 1858. [Limerick, Cork, Tipperary. Glac. 23.]

345 [ ] _ , ,

Do do. Quarter Sheet 45 S.E. [sheet 166], do. do.

8vo. 1858. [Tipperary, Waterford. Cave 4 : glac. and post-
glac. 22 — 23, 27.]

346 [Jukes (Joseph Beete) and Frederick J. Foot.]

Explanations to accompany sheet 162 of the maps of the Geological
Survey of Ireland, illustrating part of the County of Kerry. 8vo.
1859. [Glac. 16.]

3^7 [ ]

Do do. sheets 150 and 151 do. do., illustrating part of
the County of Kerry. Svo. 1859. [Glac. and post- glac. 16.]

348 [Jukes (Joseph Beete) and G. H. Kinahan.]

do. sheet 128 (formerly quarter sheet 35 S.E.)

Do.

__ ^ ^ ^ 35 S.E.) do.

do., illustrating parts of the County of Kildare and Queen s County.
8vo. 1859. [Glac. and post-glac. 13, 28—30.]

349 [ ] , . ,

Do. do. sheets 163, 174 and part of 175 do. do., illustrat-
ing parts of the Counties of Limerick, Kerry, and Cork. 8vo
1861. [Glac. & post-glac. 31.]

[ Do. do. sheets 200, 203, 204, and 205, and part of 199 do.
do., illustrating part of the County of Cork. 8vo. 1861. [Glac.,

Chalk flints 17 ; glac. & post-glac. 19—20.]

351

[Jukes (Joseph Beete,) CL H. Kinahan, and G. V. Du Woyer.]

Do. do. sheet 137 (formerly quarter sheet 40 N.E.) do.

do. 8 vo. 1859. [Kilkenny, Carlow, Queen’s Co., Kildare
Denudation 5-8 ; sections 25—48 ; glac. and post-glac. 49— 51.J

352, [Jukes (Joseph Beete), G. H. Kinahan, and J. O Kelly.]

Do. do. sheets 197 and 198, and the south-east part of 191

do. do., illustrating part of the Counties of Cork and Kerry.
8 vo. 1860. [Glac. & post-glac. 28—29.]

353 [Jukes (Joseph Beete), G. H. Kinahan, and A. B. Wynne.]

Do. do. sheet 144 do. do., illustrating parts of the
Counties of Limerick, Tipperary, and Clare. 8vo. I860. [Uiae.
& post-glac. 34—36 : Megaceros.]

354 [Jukes (Joseph Beete), and J. O’Kelly.]

Do do. sheet 154 do. do., illustrating part of the
Counties of Limerick and Tipperary. Svo. 1861. [Glac.
post-glac. 27.]

355 [Jukes (Joseph Beete), and A. B.

Do. do. sheet 164 do.
Counties of Cork and Limerick.
20 — 21 : Megaceros.']

Wynne.]

do., illustrating parts of the
Svo. 1859. [Glac. & post-glac.

895-96.]

275

316 [Jukes (Joseph Beete), and A, S, Wynne.]

D°’ d,°‘ s.keet 135 do. do., illustrating parts of the

and of King’s and Queen’s Counties. 8vo.
I860. [Glac. & post-glac. 80—32.]

357 [ ]

D0‘ n' *• Shecet^18? and 189 do. do., illustrating parts of
gkc°20— 1 21 ]f C°rk and Waterford- 8vo* 1861 • [Glac. & post-

358 [ ]

D°' Of n Sh?tS l7n&Xld VJ d0- d0-’ illustrating parts

of the Counties of Cork, Waterford, and a small portion of
Tipperary. 8vo. 1861. [Glac. & post-glac. 28 — 29.]

[Jukes (Joseph Beete), A. i. Wynne, and C3-. H. Einahan.]

Do. do. sheets 182, 183, 190, and parts of 172 and 191 do.
do., illustrating the part of the County of Kerry, containing the
I romontory of Iveragh and Dunkerron. 8to. 1861 [Form of
ground 5—8 ; glac. & post-glac. 31-34.]

[Jukes (Joseph Beete), A. B. Wynne, and J. O’Kelly.]

D°’ <?°‘ n rTV£dieet 145 do. do., illustrating part of the

county of Tipperary. 8vo. 1860. [Glac. & post-glac. 30—31.]

359

350

361 Kane (Sir Robert).

The Industrial Resources of Ireland.
[Refs, to hogs, clays, &c.]

362 —

2nd ed. 8vo. Dublin, 1845,

Anniversary Address [to Roy. Geol. Soc. I.]. Journ. P.G.S.I IV
104—111. 1877. [Review of papers read.]

363 Kelly (Bennis H.).

[Account of an artificial Island, and certain Antiquities, recently
discovered near Strokestown, County Roscommon 1 Proc PI A
V. (1850-53), 208-214 (read 1851). 1853. [Bones of Elk) &c.]

364 Kelly (John).

An Account of the Strata met with in digging for Marie, and of Horns
found under Ground in Ireland ; in a letter to the Rt Hon
-Edward Southwell, Esq. Phil. Trans., XXXIV. (1726-27)'
122 — 123, plate. 1728. [ Megaceros .]

365 Kelly (John).

On the Drift of the District about Rathfarnham in the County of

G'SP’ VL> 133 — 165, map, &o. (read 1854).
1856. [Full descr., &c.]

366 Kendall (Percy r.).

Glacial Geology, Old and New. Geol. May., (3) IX., 491—500
1892. [Ref. to Irish beds.]

367

On the Glacial Geology of the Isle of Man. Yn Hoar Manninaqh
the Journal of the Isle of Man Natural History and Antiquarian
Society, I 397-438, plate, maps. 1894. [Refs, to Ireland,
pp. 12, 38, plate.]

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

363

369

370

371

372

373

374

375

376

377

276

Kendall (Percy F.).

Erratic Blocks of England, Wales, and Ireland. Twenty-third Report

of the Committee [Advance copy] Brit. Assoc.

Peport for 1895. [Report from B.N.F.C. on N. of Ireland erratics.]

Kllroe (Tames R.).

Explanatory Memoir to accompany sheet 55 of the Maps of the
Geological Survey of Ireland, comprising parts of the counties of
Sligo and Leitrim. 8vo. 1885. [Glac. & post-glac. 26 — 28.]

Directions of the Ice Flow in the North of Ireland, as determined by
the Observations of the Geological Survey. Q.J.G.S., XLIV.,
827—833. 1888; and Sci. Proc. P.D.S., n.s. VI., 259—262

(read 1888). 1888-90.

See Rgan (192), Hull (306, 307), Symes (650, 654),
Wilkinson (718 to 721).

Kinahan ^George Henry).

Explanation to accompany sheet 124 and that part of sheet 125 that lies
on the west of Lough Derg of the maps of the Geological Survey
of Ireland, illustrating parts of the counties of Galway and Clare.
8vo. 1863. [Caves 7 ; glac. & post-glac., Megaceros , 47.]

On Crannogs in Lough Rea. Proc. B.I.A., VIII. (1861-64), 412 —
427 (read 1863). 1864. [Co. Galway, descr. & finds.]

On the Eskers of the Central Plain of Ireland. Journ. G.S.D., X.,
109—112 (read 1863). 1864 ; and Dublin Q.J.S., IV., 109—112.

1864. [Classification : marine origin, &c.]

[Irish Drifts — a letter.] Geol Mag ., II., 91 — 9S. 1865. [Classifica-
tion.]

On Pre-glacial (?) Drift in Oueen’ s couuty . Geol . Mag., II., 442—444.

1865. [“ Stratified drift” under “ boulder clay.”]

Explanation to accompany sheets 115 and 116 of the maps, and sheets
17 and 18 of the sections of the Geological Survey of Ireland,
illustrating a portion of the counties of Clare, Galway, and
Tipperary. 8vo. 1865. [Caves, crannogs 7 — 9, 36 — 38 ; glac.
& post-glac., marl shells, 13 — 15, 26 — 36; strise 27.]

Primary and Secondary Strise [a letter.] Geol. Mag., II., 525. 1865.

[Co. Galway.]

Notes on some of the Drift of Ireland. Journ. E.G.S.I., I., 191 — 207
(read 1866). 1867 ; and Dublin Q.J.S., VI., 249— 265. 1865.

[Full paper : classification of drift.]

378

i?95

379

380

381

382

383

384

335

386 -

387 -

388 -

389 -

390 -

391 -

392 -

•96.}

!//

Kinahan (George Henry).

Pr“C ** [a IettarJ

On tie Formation of the “Bock-basin” of Lough Corrib, county

re 7a7‘ 1 Gml' Mag'\ IIL> 489-«5, plates 18-19. 1866.

L-ttei. to glac. & post-glac. geology.]

Notes on the Crannogs of Ballin Lough. Proc. S.I.A., JX. (1864-
66), 172-176 (read 1864). 1866. [Co. Galway: descr. and finds.]

Explanation to accompany sheet 105, with that portion of sheet 114
1 r Trtho °f Gal"’ay Bar. of *0 maps of the Geological

41-5j,°s“-560- 1869' [6k°- &BOS‘-«k0” "*Us,

00Xr“l!“oltofei8b79Re°eilt A“Um'akti0M' **

Notes on a Crannoge in Lough Naneevin. Proc. R.I.A., X. (1866-
finds ] ’ ^ 1866)* 187°- CCo-Galway. Descr. and

[Observations ^exploration of Crannogs.] Journ. R.H. $

JEolian Drift or Blowing Sand, Ireland. Geol. Mag.. VIII., 155—158
1«71. [Descr. and origin of sand deposits ]

Middle Gravels (?), Ireland. Geol. Mag., IX., 265—268 1872

[Eskers, “ Middle ” gravels, Wexford gravels.]

Supplementary Notes on some of the Drift of Ireland. Journ.
P.G.S.I., III., 9—15 (read 1871). 1873. [General.]

Glacialoid or Be-arranged Glacial Drift. Geol. Mag. , (2) I. , 1 1 1 — 1 1 7
169—174. 1874. [Post-glacial sea ; Esker sea.] ’

On the °ngm of the Lagoon called The Fleet, Dorsetshire. Geol.
Mag., (2) I., 49—50. 1874. [Comparison with Irish lagoons.]

0n thaXs! D“° ^

Asar, Esker, or Kaims. Geol. Mag., (2) II., 86—87. 1875

[Characters ; marine origin.]

278

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

393

39ft

395

396

397

398

399
ftOO
ftOl

402

403
40ft
405

Xinahan (George Henry).

The erroneous Nomenclature of the Drift [a letter]. Geol Mag., (2)
II., 328—331. 1875. [Ref. to Irish beds.]

Boulder Clay in Ireland [a letter], Geol. Mag., (2) II., 568 — 569.

1875. [The Irish succession.]

Valleys and their Relation to Fissures, Fractures, and Faults. 8vo.
London, 1875. [Many refs, to glac. & post-glac. geology.]

On a Prehistoric Road, Duncan’s Flow, Bally albanagh, Co. Antrim
Journ. Anthrop. Imt.,V., 106-110. 1876. [Under 6 feet of

hog.]

Irish Tide Heights and Raised Beaches. Geol. Mag., (2) III., 78 — 82.

1876. [Table of tide heights ; heights of tides and of raised
beaches.]

An Outlier of Glaeialoid or Re-arranged Glacial Drift on Stratified
Gravel (Esker Period), Mourne Demesne, Co. Down. Journ.
R.G.S.I., IV., 122-123. 1877.

Irish Drift. Subgroup— Meteoric Drift. Journ. R.G.S.I. , (2) IV.,
115— 121 (read 1876). 1877.

The Estuary of the River Slaney, Co. Wexford. Journ. R.G.S I.,
IV., 60—69 (read 1875). 1877. [Peat under deep mud.]

The Drifting Power of Tidal Currents versus that of Wind waves.
Proc. R.I.A., (2) II. (Science), 448 — 458. 1875—77. [Examples
from Irish coasts.]

Hummocky Moraine Drift. Nature, XV., 379. 1877. [Oughterard,

Co. Galway.]

On. the Chesil Beach, Dorsetshire, and Cahore Shingle Beach, County
Wexford. Q.J.G.S. , XXXIII., 29—41, plate 2. 1877.

Irish Drifts. Subgroups : Aqueous and Glacial Drifts. Journ.
R.G.S.I., IV., 210—218 (read 1876). 1877.

Manual of the Geology of Ireland. 8vo. London, 1878. [Section Hi., ch.
XIV— XVII. deal with glac. & post-glac. geology.]

Irish Drifts. Trans. Manchester Geol. Soc., XIV. (1876-78), 190
205 (read 1877). 1878. [Classification.]

406

i895-96-]

279

*407 Kinahan (George Henry).

Irish Drifts. Land and Water , Jan. 19, 1878.

408

409

410

411

412

413

414
413

416

417

*418

419

Explanatory Memoir to accompany sheets 169, 170, 180, and 181 of the
map of the Geological Survey of Ireland, in the County of Wexford.
8vo. 1879. [LagoonsS — 6; glac. &post-glac. 12—14, 28—51.]

Sea-beaches, especially those of Wexford and Wicklow. Proc. P.I.A
(2) II. {Science), 191— 208, plates 4— 7. 1879. [Formation and

travel.]

On the Arklow Beach and Fivers. Sci. Proc. P.D.S., n.s. II., 250—
258, plates 16 — 18. 1880. [Travelling of beaches.]

[Remarks on Young’s paper on wrought timber found in boulder clay
(749).] Journ. P.H. $ A.A.I., (4) V. in. (1881), 449— 450.
1882. [An effect of weathering.]

Explanatory Memoir to accompany sheets 168 and 159 of the maps of
the Geological Survey of Ireland, including the district around

Enniscorthy, co. Wexford. 8vo. 1882. [Form of ground 7 8 •

glac. & post-glac. 19— 37.]

Notes on Cervus megaceros (Megaceros hibernicus). Trans. Edinb .
Geol. Soc. IV. in. (for 1882-83), 343—345. 1883. [Distribution,
&c.]

Glacial Moraines on Mount Leinster, Counties Wexford and Carlow.
Sci. Proc. B.D.S., n.s. III., 334—335, plates 27—29. 1882 ; and

Journ. P.G.S.L, VI., 186—187, plates 4—6 (read 1882). 1886.

Notes on the Classification of the Boulder Clays and their associated
Gravels. Sci. Proc. R.D.S., n.s. IV., i., 207—210. 1885 ; and

Journ , P.G.S.L, VI., 270—278 (read 1884). 1886.

Deal Timber in the Lake Basins and Peat Bogs of North-east Donegal.
Sci. Proc. B.P.S., n.s. V., 629—635. 1886-87.

Gravel Terraces ; Valleys of the Mourne, Strule, and Foyle, Counties
Tyrone and Donegal. Sci. Proc. B.P.S., n.s. V., 636—638.
1886-87. [Description.]

[ ] [Nanahik, Pseudonym].

The Morrogh of Wicklow. Land and Water , XXIII., 45. 1887.

[Formed by tides and winds.]

Large Irish Boulders [a letter]. Geol. Mag., (3) V., 189. 1888.

[Dimensions of large erratics.]

28o

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

420 Kinahan (George Henry).

Economic Geology of Ireland. [Being vol. VIII. of Journ. H.G.H.I.']
8vo. Dublin, 1889. [Ref. to clays, &c.]

421

Kitchen Middens in co. Donegal. I.N. , III., 138. 1891. [General

note.]

422

The Recent Irish Glaciers. /JV., III., 236 — 240. 1894, [Effects of

heavy snow-drifts against crumbling cliffs.]

423

Kitchen Middens, co. Donegal. I.N., IV., 21. 1895. [Short note.]

See Adams (9), Foot (206), Hull (307), Jukes (348 to 353,
359), Kinahan (760), Trench (668), Ussher (681, 681).

424 [Kinahan (George Henry) and J. Beete Jukes).]

Explanations to accompany sheet 143 of the maps of the Geological
Survey of Ireland, illustrating part of the Counties of Clare and
Limerick. 8vo. 1860. [Glac. & post-glac., Megaceros , 8 — 9,
33-34.]

425 [Kinahan (George Henry), J. Beete Jukes, and F. J. Foot.]

Do. do. sheet 15*2 do. do., illustrating part of the

Counties of Kerry and Limerick. 8vo. 1860. [Glac. & post-
glac. 26—27.]

426 [Kinahan (George Henry) and F. J. Foot.]

Do. do. sheet 142 do. do., illustrating parts of the

Counties of Clare, Kerry, and Limerick. 8vo. 1860. [Glac. &
post-glac. 39—40.]

427 Kinahan (George Henry), H. Leonard and R. J. Cruise.

Explanatory Memoir to accompany sheets 104 and 113 with the
adjoining portions of sheets 103 and 122 (Kilkieran and Aran sheets)
do. do., illustrating a portion of the County of Galway. 8vo.
1871. [Glac. & post-glac., sea-cliffs (Aran) 31 — 37 ; glac. &
post-glac. (mainland), kitchen-middens 69—74 ; table of striae
75-85.]

428 Kinahan (George Henry), and Joseph Nolan.

Explanation to accompany sheet 95 do. do. ...
illustrating parts of the counties of Galway and Mayo. 8vo. 1870.
[Lough Corrib islands 30—36 ; L. Mask islands 45 ; glac. & post-
glac. 45— 52 : table of striae 53— 58. J

429 Kinahan (George Henry), J. Nolan, H. Leonard, and R. J.

Cruise.

Explanatory Memoir to accompany sheets 93 and 94, with the
adjoining portion of sheets 83, 84, and 103 do. do.,
illustrating the geological structure of the district around Clifden,
Connemara. 8vo. 1878. [Drift bar 13 ; denudation 44 — 47 ;
glac. & post-glac. 143 — 144 ; table of striae 145 — 160.]

430 [Kinahan (George Henry,) J. O’Kelly, and J. Beete Jukes.]

Explanation to accompany sheet 153 do. do., illustrating parts
of the Counties of Limerick and Cork. 8vo. 1861. [Glac. &
post-glac. 28.]

1895-96.]

28i

431

432

433

do.

1876.

do.

[Glac.

Klnahan (George Henry) and R. c?. Symes

swtta

*ie?ha»oiSSraf® H.eaJJnafd. Symes’ s- B- Wilkinson,

D°' ^StntS 73 and 74 <in P"*). 83 and 84

including the Country around Westport, &c. 8vo.

& post-glac. 1 1, 69—75 ; table of striae 75—82 ]

fist &S3 & Hufl], Henry)’ s Wilkinson, J. Holan, r. W.

J 0’ 8yod°’l889Shem l? “V* n E* por^ion of sheet H do. do
»vo. 1889 [Donegal, Derry, Tyrone. Phvs. eeoffr 5_n.
glaciation 28 ; glac. & post-glac. 28-32 ] y S 8 ■ ,

[Xinahan (Oeorgre Henry,, A. B. Wynne and J. Beete Jukes 7

Explanations to accompany sheet 134 do dn iiiniof r

reiio6 nf;eYf Hre’ t;™- & ^ck.Iu?i?rg^r s

|_<xLac. & post-glac., Megaceros, 8— 9, 29 31.]

Kinahan (Gerard iL.).

“ B pl8S’i! S “ Tef °4Greld°8nes’ 9.0- Wicklow, &/.

VI., 11 1-ni (read 1881) Tsss ; “d

«f/ra/ia?8d8 tnV t?10??1 and

1886. [Ref. to glac. pteomlna’ ] ’ P (read 1882)'

Kinahan (John Robert).

and condition of the shells.] ’ ' 8> 1858‘ ^Naraes

Kingr (Prof. William).

Xing (Eight Bee. Dr. William,, archbishop of Dublin

deposits.] (17U8-9), 69-64. 1710. __ [Post-glac.

Knowles (William James).

w"ii‘2i ‘ZiiTi. “mg';.;1 S"**’

A»™r o«am, Z&’Z.’Xsz, ia

435

436

437

438

439

440

441

282

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

442 Knowles (William James).

On Prehistoric Remains at Portste wart. Proc. B.N.F.C., (2) I., 100
(for 1874-75). 1875. [Sand-hill finds.]

443

A Glimpse of Prehistoric Times in the North of Ireland. Brit. Assoc.
Report for 187 4, Sections , 155—156. 1875. [Implements, bones.]

444

Additional Remarks on the Find of Prehistoric objects at Portstewart.
Brit. Assoc. Report for 1876, Sections , 166. 1877 ; and Journ.

Anthrop. Inst., VI., 485 — 487. 1877. [Implements, &c.]

445

Flint Implements and Associated remains found near Ballintoy, Co.
Antrim. Journ. Anthrop. Inst., VII., 202 — 205. 1878.

446

Flint Factories at Poitstewart and elsewhere in the North of Ireland.
Brit. Assoc. Report for 1878, 579—580. 1879. [Implements,

hones, shells.]

447

Report of the Committee .... for the purpose of conducting
Excavations at Portrush and elsewhere in the North of Ireland.
Brit. Assoc. Report for 1879, 171—175. 1879. [Implements,

animal remains.]

448

Portstewart and other Flint Factories in the North of Ireland. Journ.
Anthrop. Inst., IX., 320 — 328. 1880.

449

Flint Implements from the Valley of the Bann. Brit. Assoc. Report
for 1879, 389—390. 1879 ; and Journ. Anthrop. Inst., X.,

150 — 153. 1881. [In marl under peat.]

450

Prehistoric Implements found in the Sandhills of Dundrum, Co. Down.
Proc. R.I.A., (2) II. ( Polite lit. and Antiquities ), 103—113.
1881.

451

On Basalt apparently overlying Post-Glacial Beds, Co. Antrim. Brit.
Assoc. Report for 1883, 497. 1884. [Short abstract.]

452

On the Antiquity of Man in Ireland. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1883,
562. 1884. [Pre-palseolithic implements in N. E. Ireland.]

453

Flint Implements from the Raised Beach at Larne and other parts of
the North-east coast of Ireland. Proc. R.I.A. (2) II. ( Polite
Lit. and Antiquities), 209—213, plates 14 — 15. 1884. [Pre-

palseolithic.]

454

Flint Implements from the North-east of Ireland. Proc. R.I.A. , (2)
II. ( Polite Lit. and Antiquities ), 436 — 444, plates 22—23. 1886.

[From boulder clay, Co, Antrim, etc.]

895-96.]

455

456

457

458

459

460

461

462

463 -

464 -

465 -

466 -i

467
463

283

Knowles (William James).

Whitepark Bay, Co. Antrim. Journ. R H & A A T u\ vtt
__ (1885), 104 125, plate 9. 1887. [Ref.

The Prehistoric Sites at Portstewart, County Londonderry. Journ.
tSkf ’ ( ) L 221-287’ 4 P'atea’ 1887’ [Fun

Tbe the°rNodrtf nfterfT ?e BaiSed Beach at elsewhere in

1886 87? 1887 (2) 639-fi« (*»

Rep?.j“.??i?ilrei89. °\z North-east °f “•

l'Flri cL?o?T 2* ‘ a® P^ehist“rirc .Remains from the Sandhills of the

lZ °mfand-- Frr- £-Li-> <s) L> 173-189, plates 10—13
[Descr., implements, bones.]

_ -«25? plates 22-24. ts91. [Descr., ^men^boMS.1]’ 612

_IrishPisr ra- “*-«*

On the Occurrence of Flint Flakes in the Ballyrudder Gravels. Proc.
gmJt.f’ IIL’ 41°‘“414 (for 1891-92)- 1892. [In glacial

Prehistoric Pottery from the Sandhills, and its Antiquity. Journ.
X.S.A.I., (6) IT., 243-255. 1895.

Kitchen Middens of Antrim. /.IV., IV., 80. 1895. [Bones of Great

^ Kit0hen Midden3 of Donegal. /.IV, IV., 80. 1895. [Short note.]

Third Report on the Prehistoric Remains from the Sandhills of the

[?nlLfre“'4W- ^ ^ ^

Xientaigne (John).

[Remarks gg^g“t^Poraneity^of Megaceros and man.] Journ. G.S.D.,

Leonard (Hugh).

**.V,

284

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

469 Leonard (Hugh). ,

Explanatory Memoir to accompany sheets 68 and 69 of the Maps of tne
Geological Survey of Ireland, illustrating parts of the Counties of
Cavan, Leitrim, and Roscommon. 8vo. 1878. [Roches mou-
tonnees 11 ; glac. Sc post-glac. 21 22.]

311).

470

471

472

See Kinahan (427, 429,432) .

Leonard (W. B.), see Hull (308, 310,

Leonard (W. B.), and B. J. Cruise.

Explanatory Memoir to accompany sheets 78, . <9, and 80 of the Maps
of the Geological Survey of Ireland, including portion of the
Counties of Roscommon, Leitrim, Longford, Cavan, and Meath.
[Glac. & post-glac. 40.]

Leslie (David). . _ . , „ , • y

On Remains of Megaceros hibernicus in gypsum in Ireland. Geologist
for 1864, 165-166, plate 11. [Co. Monaghan.]

Lett (Rev. Henry -William). /n,TT

Records of a Former Level of Lough Neagh. ProcB.N.F.C., (2) .,

X17 ns (for 1881-82). 1883. [Submerged hog and forest,

bordered by submerged cliff.]

473

474

47S

476

477

478

479

480

Ancient Canoe found near Loughbrickland, Co. Down.
Arch., n.s. I., 153 — 154. 1895.

Tilsit Journ.

Lewis (Henry Carvill). . . T i -1

Papers and Notes on the Glacial Geology of Great Bntian and Ireland.
8vo. London and New York, 1894. [Ireland, pp. 83-166.]

^A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland. 2 vols., 4to. 1837. [Mega-
ceros at Dromore, Co. Down, I., 578.]

Lockwood (Frederick W.).

1882-83). 1884.

[The Crannogs of Lough Mourne.] [Abstract.] Journ. R.H. § A. Ad.,
(4) YI. i. (1883), 177. 1884.

removing shoals.]

Luhbock (Sir John).

Prehistoric Times .... 8vo. London, 5th edition. 1890.
[General ref. to Ireland.]

Luckombe (Philip)i see 761,

1895-96-]

285

481 Xiydekker (Richard).

Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum, in 5 parts.
8vo. London, 1885-87. [Contains Irish localities, as in II.,
82 — 89, Gervus giganteus .]

Catalogue of Fossil Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, and Amphibians in the
Science and Art Museum [Dublin]. 8vo. Dublin, 1891. [Many
Irish specimens, localities and references.]

Zi[ynch] (J. p.).

Lough Gur. Journ. Cork Hist, and Arch. Soc . (2) [., 241—258,
289 302. 1895. [Descr. and ref. to animal remains.]

MacAdam (James).

On the Cuttings of the Belfast and Ballymena Railway. Journ.
G.S.D., IV., 36 41. 1848. [Refs, to Boulder clay and gravels ]

Observations on the Neighbourhood of Belfast, with a Description of
the Cuttings on the Belfast and Co. Down Railway. Journ.
G.S.D., IV., 250 265, plate 1. 1850. [Chiefly glac. & post-

glac.]

Supplementary Observations on the neighbourhood of Belfast. Journ.
G.S.D., IV., 265—268. 1850. [List of fossils of estuarine

clays, chiefly by Grainger.]

On the Fossiliferous Beds of the Counties of Antrim and Down. Brit
Assoc. Report for 1852, Sections, 53 — 55. 1353. [Post-glacial

beds.] L

MacAlister (Alexander), see Plunkett (562).

M‘Clay (James I.,).

Some Notes on the Geology of Londonderry made during Holiday
Rambles in that County. Proc. Vpool Geol. Soc., III. in (1876-
77), 236-241. 1877. [Ref. to glac. geology.]

M‘BonaM (John), see Hist. &. Arch. Assoc, of Ireland (286).

M‘Rvoy (D.).

[Ancient road, human bones, and utensils found near Urlingford,
Kilkenny.] Trans. Kilk. Arch. Soc., III. (1854.65), 131—132.
1856.

M‘Henry (Alexander).

Report on the Explorations at White Park Bay, Ballintoy. Proc.
B.I.A., (2) II. {Polite Lit. and Antiquities ), 463—464. 1888.

[Descr., implements, animal remains.]

Crannog of Lough na Cranagh, Fair Head, Co. Antrim. Proc. R.I.A.,
(2) II. {Polite Lit. and Antiquities), (1879-SS), 462. 1888’

[Descr.]

Sketch of the Geology of Co. Antrim. Proc. Geol. Assoc., XIV,
i29— H7, plate 5, map. 1895. [Short descr. of glac. & post-
glac. beds.] or

482

483

484

485

486

487

488

489

490

491

492

See Hull (307, 309), Symes (649, 651, 652, 655).

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

2 86

493 M‘Henry (Alexander), and W. W. Watts.

Guide to the Collections of Rocks and Fossils belonging to the Geologi-
cal Survey of Ireland, arranged in Room III. E. of the Museum of
Science and Art, Dublin. 8vo. Dublin. 1895. [General descr.
of glac. & post-glac. beds, by provinces ; lists of fossils.]

494 M‘Intosh (!>.).

On the precise Mode of Accumulation and Derivation of the Moel
Tryfan Shelly Deposits, &c. Q.J. G.S., XXXVII., 351 — 369.
1881. [Ref. to Irish high-level beds.]

49 5 M‘Skimin (Samuel).

History of Carrickfergus. 8vo. Belfast, 1811. [Submerged peat
with calcified nuts, p. 110 (p. 225 of 2nd edition, 1823.).]

496 Mahony (James A.).

On the Natural History of Donegal, with some account of its
Archaeology. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. of Glasgow , III. (1875-78),
152 — 162 (read 1877). 1878. [Glac. & post-glac. beds.]

497

On the Shell Mounds of the North of Ireland. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc.
of Glasgow, V. (1880-83), 7—11 (read 1880). 1884.. [Shells,

bones, pottery, sandhills of Donegal and Ballintoy.]

49S Mallet (Robert).

[Annual] Address [to Geol. Soc. of Dublin.] Journ. G,S.D., III.,
168 — 178. 1846. [Review of papers read.]

499

[Annual] Address [to Geol. Soc. of Dublin.] Journ. G.S.D., III.,
215 — 235. 1847. [Review of papers read.]

500

On certain molecular changes occurring in the structure of recent
shells. Journ. G.S.D., III., 301—302. 1848. [Sparry infil-

tration, shore at Carrickfergus.]

See also 763.

501 Mantell (Gideon Algernon).

On the Remains of Man and Works of Art embedded in Rocks and
Strata, as illustrative of the connection between Archaeology and
Geology. Archeological Journal, VII., 327 — 346. 1850. [Con-

temporaneity of Man and Megaceros.~\

502

Medals of Creation. 2 vols., 8vo. London, [1853]. [Calcified nuts
from submerged peat, Carrickfergus, I., 71.]

503 Maunsell (Archdeacon William Wray).

[Letters to R.D.S. on presentation of Elk’s hones.] Proc. P.D.S. ,
LX., 169—170, 211—212, 1824; LXI., 93-97, 1825. [Localities,
&c.]

504 Milligan (Seaton Forrest).

Crannogs in County Cavan. Journ. R.H. A. A. I., (4) YII t.

(1885), 148—152. 1887.

See Belfast N.H, & F.S. (44),

1895-96-]

28;

505 Mitchell (W. F,)i

Explanatory Memoir to accompany sheet 62 and the northern portion
of sheet 73 of the Maps of the Geological Survey of Ireland. 8vo.
1879. [Mayo : glac. & post-glac. 19—21.]

506

Do. do. sheet 129 do. do., illustrating the district of
Baltinglass and Dunlavin in the County of Wicklow. 8vo. 1884.
[Glac. & post-glac. 24—27.]

See Egan (192), Hull (306, 307)i
507 Molloy (Kyran),

[Letter on a timber structure below 4 feet of bog.] Journ. R.E. §
A. A. I., (4) I. i ., 279. 1870. [Clonmacnoise, King’ s Co.]

SOS Molyneux (Thomas).

A Discourse concerning the Large Horns frequently found under
Ground in Ireland, Concluding from them that the Great American
Deer call’d a Moose was formerly common in that Island
.... Phil. Trans., XIX. (1695-97), 489 — 512, plate. 1098.
[Reprinted m Boate, Molyneux, &c., “Nat. Hist, of Ireland”
(100).]

509

Remarks upon the aforesaid Letter [see Wevile (533)] and Teeth
Phil. Trans., XXIX. (1714-16), 370—384, plate. 1717.

510

A Journey to Kilkenny. From MS. notes of Thomas Molyneux.
Edited by Rev. James Graves. Journ. Kilk. Arch. Soc., III.,
1860-61), 296 — 303. 1861. [Descr. of Dunmore Cave.]

See Boate (lOO).

511 Moore (Rev. Canon Courtenay).

The Mitchelstown Caves. Journ. Cork Hist. & Arch. Soc., Ill 1—5
1894. [Descr., map.]

512 Moore (Joseph Scott).

On the Discovery of a Stone Hatchet at Kilbride, County of Wicklow.
Journ. R.G.S.I. , I., 250—252 (read 1866). 1867. [Under a

large boulder.] L

513

On the Growth of Turf Bogs of fibrous character. Journ. R G S 1
II. (1867-70), 171—174. 1871.

51ft

On the Discovery of a Cache at Ballinatona, near Blesington. Journ.
R.G.S.I., II., 174—176 (read 1869). 1871. [Under 6 feet of

bog.]

515 Moran (John).

Mammoth’s Tooth recently found in the drift gravels at Larne Harbour
Proc B.N.H. Sf P.S. for 1888-89. 35-37. 1889. [In raised

beach. Descr. of beds.]

288

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

516 Morant (George).

[On Crannogs in Ballyhoo Lake, near Carrickmacross, Co. Monaghan.]
Joui'n. Kilk. Sf S.E. of Ireland Arch. Soc., YI. ' 1 867), 8 — 10.
1871.

517

[Ancient floor under bog near Carrickmacross, Co. Monaghan.]
Journ. R.H. # A.A.I., (3) I. (1868-69), 269-270. 1873.

518 Moss (Richard J.).

Report on the Exploration of Ballybetagh Bog. Proc. It.l.A. , (2) II*
(Science), 547—552. 1875-77. [Descr., list of hones.]

519 Mudge (Capt. William).

Description of an ancient Structure dug out of Drumkelin Bog, in the
Parish of Inver, County of Donegal, in the year 1833. Archaz-
ologia, XXVI., 361—367 (read 1833). 1836. [Wooden house

under 16 feet of hog.]

520 Mulvany (William T.).

Collection of antiquities presented to the Royal Irish Academy. Proc.
R.l.A. , V. (1850-53), appendix V., 1853. [Some skulls, &c. in-
cluded.]

521 Murray (William).

On some timber found at a considerable depth below the surface in the
Co. of Tyrone. Journ. G.S.D. , III., 75. 1844. [Measured

section ; wood at 57 feet depth, in clays, &c.]

TTanahik ( Pseudonym ) see Kinahan (418).

522 Revile (Francis).

A Letter to the Right Reverend St. George, Lord Bishop of Clogher,
o-iving an account of some large Teeth lately dugg up in the North
of Ireland. . . . Phil. Trans., XXIX.' (1714-16), 367— 370.

1717. Reprinted in Boate, Molyneux, &c., “Nat. Hist, of Ireland”
(100). [Elephant’s teeth at Maghery, borders of Cavan and
Monaghan.]

123 Newman (Edward).

Further Notes on the Bones of Extinct Deer found in Ireland. Zool.,
V., 1629-1633. 1847. [Editorial comments following letters by

Owen (550) and Richardson (597, 598), on the Lough Gur
find.]

524 Sfficliol (A.).

[Letter describing Michelstown Cave.] Dublin Penny Journal, III.,
202—203. Dec. 27, 1834.

525 KTolan (Josepli).

Explanatory Memoir to accompany sheet 70 of the Maps of the
Geological Survey of Ireland, including the country around
Dundalk and Carrickmacross. 8vo. 1877. [Armagh, Monaghan,
Louth. Caves 10 ; glac. & post-glac. 33 — 34 ]

Do. do. sheet 34 do. do. 8vo. 1878.

Phys. geogr. 7 — 9 ; glac. & post-glac. 21 — 23.]

526

[Tyrone.

1895-96.]

289

§27

528

§29

§30.

§31

§32

§33

§ 34
§33

§36

§37

§38

Nolan, (Joseph).

^°* n d°'. sheet 26 do. do., comprising portions of the
Counties Tyrone and Londonderry. 8vo. 1884. P [Phys geogr

7— 9 ; glac. & post-glac. 21— 24.] L J 6 s

See Hull (307, 309), Kinahan (428, 429, 432, 433).

Nolan (Joseph) and p. w. Egan.

I)o' m do’ ®keet 18 do. do. 8 VO. 1884. [Derry and
J^rone- Ph^- geogr. 7—10 ; glac. & post-glac. 23-24.] 7

Do. do. sheet 12 and part of sheet 6 do. do including
the country around Limavady. 8vo. 1885. [Phys. geo-?

& — 9 ; glac. & post-glac. 24 — 29.] L ^ ° 0 *

©’Callaghan (C. Cr.).

Hitherto unnoticed Orannogs in Lough Bridgid, Oo. Clare. Free and
Papers S.8.A.I., (5) I. (1890-91), 487 1892.

[Q’2£eISy (J.)].

Explanations to accompany sheet 127 ol the Maps of the Geological

8yo y!8°62 ref’ ‘““S a of the Queen’s County

eyo. 1862. [Olac. & post-glac. 26—27.] J

Do. do. sheet 117 and 118. do. do illustrati™ *
portion of the Kings’s and Queen’s Counties, and the Countief of

&4r 8to- l866- ***■ ***■#»■*-

See *430)?°S’ a°9>’ ,Ukes <343> 3«2- 3*4, 360), SCinahan

C°Woyler.l<Tl)' 366,8 Tuke*> A- *• Wynne, and ©. v. Sc

D°' Cnnnttof T'Slleet 165 C d°i do., illustrating part of the
County of Tipperary. 8vo. 1860. [Glac. & post-glac. 21 22.1

©’Siaverty (Bev. James).

Relan«At’v!l2y2-12?toni85?d BmnZe m>t- Jmrn ■

Oldham (Thomas).

On the more recent Geological Deposits of Ireland. Journ. G.S.D.,
shells]71’ 1844’ tGood generai descr. ; list of Howth glac.

°“ “to gHciS.]5^ •*"-■***•. HI., 60-61. 1844.

On the Occurrence of Marine Shells in the Gravels of Ireland Brit
Amo- Xeportfor 1844, Sections, 67. 1846. [In many localities.]

Some further remarks on the more recent Geological Deposits of
Ireland. Journ. G.S.D. , III 130—139 ixak Ft • r
shells from Dublin glac. beds, fe.] ^ [LlStS °f

290

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

539

540

541

542

543

544

545

546

547

548

549

550

551

Oldham (Thomas).

On the supposed existence of Moraines in Glenmalur, Co. of Wicklow.
Journ. G.S.D., III., 197—199. 1846. [Believes them to be

tidal bars.]

On a remarkable group of the remains of deer found near Kiltiernan.
Journ. G.S.D., III., 252-253. 1847. [Many Megaceros skulls.]

On the “drift” deposits of the County of Wicklow [abstract].
Journ. G.S.D. , III., 302—303. 1848. [General.]

[Annual] Address [to Geol. Soc. Dublin.] Journ. G.S.D., III.,
273 — 300. 1848. [Review of papers read.]

On the Geology of Howtb [abstract]. Journ. G.S»D., IV., 154 156.

1849. [Ref. to glac. beds.]

O’Reilly (J. P-). ,

Notes on Litbotbamnion met with in deep cuttings at the mouth of the
river Liffey. Proc. R.I.A., (3) III., 223-224. 1893. [Section
24 ft. through post -glac. beds.]

Ormstoy (M. H.).

On a Polished and Striated Surface in the Limestone of Ross Hill, Co.
Galway. Journ. R.G.S.I., I., 18 — 20 (read 1864). 1867. [Dor
discussion see p. 90] ; and Dublin Q.J.S., V., 201 — 204. I860.

Ouseley (Ralph). .

An Account of the Moving of a Bog, and the Formation of a Lake, in
the County of Galway. Trans. R.I.A., II., 3 — 5, plate 1.
1788.

Owen (Richard). ,

Report on the British Fossil Mammalia, Part II., Ungulata. Brit.
Assoc. Report for 1843, 208—241. 1844. [Ref. to Irish remains.]

[ 1 ,

Description and illustrated catalogue of the Fossil organic remains of
Mammalia and Aves contained in the Museum of the Royal
College of Surgeons of England. 4to. 1845. [Irish localities,
as at pp. 255—261, Megaceros Hibernicus.']

History of British Fossil Mammals and Birds. 8vo. London, 1846.
[Irish refs.]

[Letter on Lough Gur find.] Farmer's Gazette, V., 523. Dec., 1846,
reprinted in Zool, , V., 1620-1622. 1847.

See also Ball (38).

P,

The Cave
1832.

of Dunmore. Dublin Penny Journal , I., no. 10.
[General descr.]

Sept. 1,

S95-96.]

291

552 Palliser (C. W.).

On a submarine bog recently discovered in Wexford Harbour [a letter!
J°urn. G.S.D., IX., 344 (read 1861.) 1862. [14 feet of blue

mud over 6 feet of peat, over 2 feet of mud, over marl :
discussion.]

§53 Parkinson (James).

Organic Remains of a former World. 3 vole., 4to. London, 1804-

1811. [Irish Elk, HI., 313—318.]

554 Patrickson (Major S.).

Description of a limestone District on the N.E. shore of Carlingford
Lough, and of littoral Deposits of Shells and Limestone, &c.
J°urn. G.S.D., I. (1833-38), 180-182. 1837. [Raised beach.]

555 Patterson (William Hugh).

On a newly discovered Site for Worked Flints in the County of Down.
Journ. R.S.A.I., (5) II., 154—155, plate. 1892. [Flakes, ox and
and deer remains at Sydenham.]

556

Notice of a Pre-Historic Site at Ballykinler, Dundrum Bay, County of
Down. Journ. R.S.A.I., (5) III., 80-81. 1893. [Flints,

pottery, bones.]

557

Shell-mounds at Rosapenna, North Donegal. I.N., III., 49—51
plate 3. 1894 ; and Proc. B.N.H. § P.S.for 1893-94, 35. 1894.

[Short abstract.] [Shells and bones.]

See Belfast N.H. & P.S. (44).

558 Percy (Rev. Dr.), Bishop of Dromore.

Extract of a letter from, to the Rev. Dr. Lort, on some large Fossil
Horns. Archwologia, VII., 158 — 159. 1785. [Megaceros horns,

size only.]

550 Petrie (George).

Account of a human, body in a singular costume found in a high state
of preservation in a bog on the lands of Gallagh, in the county of
Galway. Dublin Phil. Journ. $ Scient. Review , I., 433—435.
1825. [Near bottom of bog 10 feet deep ; clad in skins.]

560 Phayer (J. R.).

[Exhibited drawing of antler of Irish Elk found at Rathard, Tory
Hill, Kilkenny.] Journ. Kilh. Arch. Soc., I., 33. 1849.

561 Pike (William).

[Presented quern, &c. from crannog at Roughan Island near Dun-
gannon.] Proc. R.I.A. , I., 457 (read 1840). 1841.

562 Plunkett (Thomas).

On the Exploration of the Knockninny Cave. With an Account of the
Animal Remains, by Rev. Prof. Haughton and Prof. Macalister.
Proc. R.I.A. , (2) II. (Science), 455—483. 1876-77. [Descr. ;
implements : bones.]

292

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

563 Plunkett (Thomas).

A Detailed Account of the Exploration of Knockmore Caves in
Fermanagh. Journ. R.G.S.I., IV., 131 — 140 (read 1876). 1877.

[General account.]

564

On the Exploration of some Caves in the Limestone Hills of Fermanagh.
Brit. Assoc. Report for 1877, Sections , 76. 1878. [Human and

animal remains.]

565

Report of the Committee . . . appointed for the Purpose of

exploring the Fermanagh Caves. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1878,
183 — 185. 1879. [General account of six caves.]

566

On an Ancient Settlement found about 21 feet beneath the surface of
the peat in the Coal-bog near Boho, Co. Fermanagh. Brit. Assoc.
Report for 1880, 623. 1880 ; and Proc. R.I.A. , (2) II. ( Polite

Lit. $ Antiq.f 66—70, plate 2. 1880. [Crannog under peat

and lacustrine marl.]

567 Porte (George).

Remarks on the Recent Discovery of Remains of the Cervus Megaceros
at Ballybetagh. Proc. R.I.A., (2) II. (Science), 738 — 741.
1875-77. [Age and condition of the bones.]

568 Porter (Rev. Thomas H.).

On the Deposits of Gravel in the Neighbourhood of Dublin. Proc.
R.I.A. , II., 37— 40. 1840-41. [Caused by a deluge.]

569 Portioek (General Joseph E.).

On the Study of Geological Phenomena in Ireland. Journ. G.S.D.,
I., 1—15. 1833. [Post-glac. beds 14-15.]

570

On the Shelly Gravel underlying Dundalk. Journ. G.S.J). , I., 246 —
248 (read 1834). 1837. [Recent marine deposits.]

571

Address delivered at the 8th Annual Meeting of the Geol. Soc. Dublin.
Journ. G.S.D., II., 1—34. 1839. [Review of papers read.]

§72

Report on the Geology of the County of Londonderry . . . 8vo.

Dublin, 1843. [Ch. I. Review of works of preceding writers.
Ch. VI., Tertiary — calcareous clays (with list of fossils, Portrush
raised beach, by J. Smith). Ch. IX. p. 473, mammalian remains.
Ch. XIII., Detritus. Appendix : addendum to Ch. VI., with
Bryce and Hyndman’ s paper and list of fossils, Belfast W ater-
work boulder clay (111).]

573

[Annual] Address [to Geol. Soc., Dublin.] Journ. G.S.D. , IV.,
167 — 244. 1850. [Review of papers read.]

574

Rudimentary Treatise on Geology. 2nd ed. 8vo. Dublin, 1862.
[Lough Foyle raised beach 57 : Bumthollet river- terraces 59.]

895-96.]

293

§75 Portlock (General Joseph £.)•

Notice of Scratches upon the Rocks of Bantry Bay, and of some
intrusions of Igneous Rocks among the Schists, and consequent
disturbance of the strata. Journ. G.S.P. , V. (1850-53) 111—
112 (read 1850). 1853. [Boulder clay and striated rocks!]

§76 Praeger (Robert lloyd).

On the Estuarine Clays at the new Alexandra Dock, Belfast. Proc
B.N.F.C., (2) II., Appendix for 1886-87, 29—62 1887*

[Glac. & post-glac. beds : list of fossils.]

§77

Report of a Committee of Investigation on the Gravels and associated
beds of the Curran at Larne, Co. Antrim. Proc. B.N.F.C. (2)
198—210, 2 plates (for 1889-90). 1890. [Descr. and lists

of fossils.]

§78

A Contribution to the Post-tertiary Fauna of Ulster. Proc. B N F C

^v^pII^tC218 Af°+ *889"99)’ 189°* [List of some estuarine

clay shells, Derry, Antrim, and Down.j

579

On the Skull of an Irish Elk found at Belfast. Proc B N F r (9\
HL, 416-417 (for 1891-92). 1892. [In peat' below 30 fee
of marine clay.]

§80

[Exhibited bones of Irish Elk.] Proc. B.N.F.C (2) III 422—42*?
at°BeRasV] ^ ' 1892’ ^ rom §ravel below peat beiow marine clay

§81

582

Report on the Estuarine Clays of the North-east of Ireland. Proc.
P.I.A., (3) II., 212—289. 1892. [Full descr. and lists of

fossils, Londonderry to Dundalk.]

§83

§84

§85

The Irish Post-glacial Estuarine Deposits. I.N., I., 138—141. 1892
[General descr.]

Report of the sub -committee appointed to investigate the Gravels of
Ballyrudder, County Antrim. Proc. B.N.F.C.. (2) III 518—
525 (for 1892-93). 1893. [Glac. gravels. Descr. and lists of

fossils.]

The Raised Beaches of Inishowen.
[Descr. and lists of fossils.]

I.N., IV., 278—285. 1895.

The Mourne Mountains. Proc. Geol. Assoc., XIV., 148—152. 1895

[Ref. to glac & post-glac. beds.]

See Belfast N,H, & P.S, (43), Sollas (626, 628, 629),

294

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

586 Reade (T. Mellard).

Notes on the Scenery and Geology of Ireland. Proc. V pool. Geol. Soc .,
IY. i. (1878-79), 64—89. 1879. [Irish coast, Down to Clare

via Donegal.]

587

588

589

590

591

On a section of Boulder-clay and Gravels near Ballygalley Head, and
an Inquiry as to the proper Classification of the lush Diilt.

Q. J.G.S., XXXV., 679 — 681. 1879. [Descr.: fossils.]

A Problem for Irish Geologists in post-glacial Geology. Journ.

R. G.8.I. , V., 173 -176. 1880 ; and Sei. Proc R.B.S., n.s. 11.,

255—258, plate 19. 1880. [Correlation of English and Irish

beds.]

On the Delations of the Glacial Deposits of the Clyde and Forth to
those of the North-west of England and North of Iceland. Trans.
Geol Soc. Glasgow, YI. «». (1878-9, ’79-80), 264-276 (read
1880). 1882. [Descr. of beds, Antrim, Mayo, &c.J

Glacial Geology, Old and New. Geol. Mag., (3) IX., S10— 321.
1892. [Kefs, to Irish Beds.]

The Dublin and Wicklow Shelly-drift. Proc. L’pool Geol. Soc., VII.
«. (1893-94), 183-206. 1894. [Descr. and fossils, high and

low level beds, Howth and Glenasmole to Bray. Many lllustr.]

592

Excursion to Belfast, Whitsuntide, 1893.
VII. ii. (1893-94), 226—227. 1894.
Down and Antrim.]

Proc. IS pool Geol. Soc.,
[Glac. & post-glac. beds,

593

594

The High and Low-level Shelly Drifts around Dublin and Bray.
I.N., III., 117—121, 150—153. 1894. [General descr.]

beeves (Rev. William) [afterwards Bishop of Down and Connor and
Dromore]. „

[Supplementary observations on Wilde’s paper on certain Crannog
L Pfn Ulster (694).] Free. VII. (1857-61), 153-159 (read

1859). 1862. [Descr. of additional crannogs.]

595

596

597

An Account of the Crannoge of Inishrush and its a^cie1^t-^cup1a.go
Proc. R.I.A., VII. (1857-61), 212-217 (read 1859). 1862.

[Near Portglenone, Co. Derry.]

Reid (Clement).

The Origin of Megaceros- M arl.
[Plants from marl, &c.]

I.N., IV., 131—132. 1895.

Richardson (H. D.>.

The Extinct Gigantic Deer [a letter] . Farmer ’ s
1846. Keprinted in Zool., V., 1623-1628.
find.]

Gazette , V., 538 — 539.
1847. [Lough Gur

IS95-96.]

295

598

599

600

601

602

603

604

605

606
607

60S

609

Richardson (H. D.).

[Letter on Lough Gur find.]

Zool ., V., 1628-1629. 1847.

Facts concerning the Natural History, &c. of the Gigantic Irish Deer
(GervusMegacerosHibernicus). 54pp. 8vo. Dublin, M'Glashan,
184 6. [Age, distribution, &c.]

F urther^Particulars of the Giant Deer of Ireland. Zool., V., 1685-1686.

Robertson (David) see Brady (104).

Robertson (J. G.).

Cave of Dunmore. [Read before the Kilkenny Lit. and Scient.

Institution, 31 March, 1864.] Hat. Hist. Review I., 1G9 174

1854. [Descr.: animal remains.]

On the Cave of Dunmore. [Read before the Kilkenny Lit. and

?8 Apri1’ 1854-1 Nat. Hlst- Review, I., 174 —
176. 18o4. [Further particulars.]

Rowan (Eev. A. b.).

Limestone Boulders of Corkaguiny, County of Kerry. Journ. G.S D
V. (1850-53), 201—203 (read 1852). 1853. [Erratic blocks'.]

Rudler (P. W.). J

The Geology of Belfast. Academy, VI., 134-186. 1874 TRefto
glac. geol.] ' L

Ryland (Eev. E, R.) see 763.

Savape (John) see (764).

Seharff (Robert Francis).

The 1oqq'GL??i-1ii;Britisl1 1Fa-,una 0 letterJ- Nat. Science, III., 400.
1893. [Irish mammals.] ’

011 tr35(TTfin 47qthe/s1Sh and Fresh water Fauna. Proc. R.I.A.,

[6) HI., 479—485. 1894. [Geol. considerations.]

Some Notes on the Irish Caves. I.N., IV., 57—59,. 1895 rRe-

P™,ted felling a : Bulletin de la Societe de Speleo logic, I i '

1895. List of caves.] y *

Cave^at^BaUymote, Co. Sligo. I.H., IV., 94. 1895. [Short note.

^yVekk^l/?, 5SB)!um' “Ub,ini MdM- See ^non (26),

Scott (Robert H.).

Catalogue of the more remarkable instances of the finding of mam-

DubHn UPS T Qrel?ndn [7In Keport of Co^> Geol. SoC
P^b \o^32n?> Se?slon-] Jom. G.S.B., X. (1862-64), 143—
161. 1864. Reprinted under the title “Catalogue of the

Mammalian fossils which have been hitherto discovered in
Ireland/ m Lublin Q.J.S., V., 49-56. 1866; and under ^ a

^8mrat“ne]m GmL ^ VI1’ 413-^20' 1*-»- [Much

296

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

610 Scouler (John).|

Remarks on the Natural History of the Fossil Elk. Journ. G.S.P.,
I., 197—210 (read 1836). 1837.

611

Notice of Animals which have disappeared from Ireland during the
period of authentic History. Journ. G.S.D., I. (1833-38), 224 —
231 (read 1836). 18S8.

612

On certain elevated Hills of Gravel containing Marine Shells, in the
Vicinity of Dublin. Journ. G.S.D., I. (1833-38), 266 — 276.
1838; reprinted in Proc. Geol. Soc. Lond ., II. (1836-37), 435 —
487. 1838. [Howth, Bray, Glenismaule ; lists of shells from

two former.]

613

Anniversary Address [to Geol. Soc. Dublin]. Journ. G.S.l )., III.
10 — 22. 1844. [Review of Papers read.]

614 Sexagenarian (A) [ Pseudonym ].

Animal Remains— Gigantic Deer [a letter]. Farmer's Gazette , V.,
566. Jan., 1847. [Dunshaughlin find.]

615 Seymour (Henry J.).

[Exhibited Foraminifera from Portmarnock raised beach, Dublin
Micro. Club, 28 March, 1895.] I.N., IV., 134. 1895.

616 Sigerson (George).

Discovery of Fish -remains in the Alluvial Clay of the River Foyle,
with Observations on the Existence and Disappearance of an
Upper Lough Foyle, and on the former Insulation of Derry and
of Inishowen. Proc. P.I.A. , (2) I. (Science), 212 — 224. 1872.
[Probably Cod, in clay underlying peat.]

617

On Changes in the Physical Geography of Ireland. Proc. P.I.A. , (2)
II. (Science), 6— 22. 1875-77. [Ancient records.]

61S Simpson (W. J.).

On Worked Flints found on a Raised Beach at Portrush. Proc. P.I.A.,
(3) I., 76—77. 1888.

619 Smith (Charles).

Ancient and Present State of the County and City of Waterford. 8vo.
1746. [Rib of Elephant dug up near Whitechurch, p. 81 (p. 58
of 1774 ed.) : see also Harkness (264).]

620 — -

History of Cork. 2 vols., 8vo. Dublin, 1750. [Submerged peat at
Youghal, &c. I., 109-112 (I., 74—76 of 1893-94 ed.)]

621 Smith (Bavid).

Outlines of the Rocks of Antrim. 8vo. Belfast, 1868. [Gen. descr.
and four sections at Belfast docks, 115 — 125.]

1895-96.]

297

€22 Smith (James).

Researches in Newer Pliocene and Post-tertiary Geology. 8vo 1862
[Irish refs Elevated marine beds 1G ; Howth and Brav beds 18 •
catalogue of glac. shells, Britain and Ireland, 46—56.] ‘ ’

See Portlock (572).

Smith (Rev. w.).

On Deposits of Diatomaceous Earth found on the shores of Lou<rh
Mourne, County Antrim, with a record of specLs Tit in the

Tsso™ m he Lak,ei- AT' * Mag- Nat- Sis‘- (2) V., ill— 125

I80O. [Descr. and list of species.] w ’ AJ0*

Smyth (T.).

0n A^S'tf “f.th?.C°T 0f Antrim and Londonderry, and on the

mena ] ^ I867)- 187°' CShort ref' “> ^oial (pw

Sollas (William Johnston).

_A M^Mke ^ ***»

A CIi£Fs of KHiney Bay. J.IF , III 13 is

_ 1894. [Detailed descr., with fossil lists by Prater.]’ '

ThS ^
deposits.] ; 895' general account of glac.

Sollas (William Johnston) and R. sioyd Praeger.

JNotes on Glacial Deposits in Ireland. I. The Brav River T v ttt
161 166, 194 198. 1894. [Descr. oheȣts

623

624

625

626

627

€23

629

1895.

630

Do* rn d°' t IL r fill-o’ -the- Grange. I.N., IV., 321— 39q
[Descr.: lists of fossils.] ’ °"y-

Stanley (P.) [? Thomas.]

CB^52tu3ami0867a r£*'] Review’ Y > Proceed^,

i0/ L66‘ A858- [Rogs and underlying beds.] y

631 Stanley (Thomas).

On the Faults sometimes found in the Drift Gravel of Ireland TA
letter.] Journ. G.S.D., IX., 6-7 (read I860). 1862;

632

Dublin QJ.S., I., 123—124. ’’l861.

633

[On Rough Armagh Crannog, King’s Co.— a letter.]
A L‘ (3) I. (1868-69), 156—157. 1873. J

Journ. B. § A.

Staples (James H.).

The fheirf'’ Sippnd’ .f'^ed Flkts t0 be found in the Gravel in

298

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

634 Stewart (Samuel Alexander).

[Earth movements in Glacial period.] 6 th Ann. Report B.N.F.C.
(for 1868-69), 33—35. 1869. [Reply to Du Noyer’s letter

(182).]

635

The latest Fluctuations of the Sea-level on our own Coasts. 8th Ann.
Report B.N.F.C. (for 1870-71), 55—57. 1871. [As shown hy

submerged peat and estuarine clays.]

A List of the Fossils of the Estuarine Clays of Down and Antrim. 8 th
Ann. Report B.N.F.C. (for 1870-71), Appendix , 27—40. 1871.

[From deposits of Belfast, Larne, and Strangford Loughs. Table
of shells, glacial, est. clay, and present day.]

Mollusca of the Boulder Clay of the North-east of Ireland. Proc
B.N.F.C., (2) I., Appendix for 1879-80, 165—176. 1881.

[Descr. and list of fossils, Down, Antrim, and Derry.]

The Boulder Clay of the North-east of Ireland. Proc. B.N.F.C., (2)
II., 51—62 (for 1881-82). 1882. [General.]

636

637

638

639 Stirrup (Mark).

The Raised Beaches of County Antrim, their Molluscan Fauna, and
flint Implements. Proc. Lit. and Phil. Soc. Ma)ichester, X\ 1.
(for 1876-77), 51—56. 1877. [Descr.: lists of shells, &c.]

640 Stoney (George Johnstone).

On the recent Formation of Gravel-beds resembling Middle Drift.
Brit. Assoc. Report for 1870, Sections, 86 — 87. 1871. [Grey-

stones, Co. Wicklow, caused hy denudation of surface of lower
boulder clay.]

641

642

Swanston (William).

On supposed fossiliferous Pliocene Clays overlying Basalt, _ near the
Shore of Lough Neagh. Geol. Mag., (2) VI., 62 65. 1879 ,

and Proc. B.N.F.C., (2) I., 348—350 (for 1878-79). 1879.

[Abstract.] [Are boulder clay with Mytilus.']

Mr. Howarth on Irish Glacial Drifts [a letter]. Geol. Mag., (2) X.,
190—191. 1883. [Correction re Bovevagh, Co. Derry.]

Report of the Committee appointed to investigate the Lame Gravels,
and determine the Position in them of the Flint Flakes and Cores
for which they are noted. Proc. B.N.F.C., (2) II., 519 630

(for 1886-87). 1887. [Raised beach overlying clays : detailed

account.]

644

A Fossiliferous Ironstone Nodule. Proc. B.N.F.C., (2) III., 401—
402 (for 1891-92). 1892. [From boulder clay, Stoneyford, Co.

Antrim.]

See Firth (197).

i895-96-]

299

645

646

647

64S

Symes (Richard Glascott).

Explanatory Memoir to accompany sheet 75 of the Maps of the

StS?1 illustrating a portion of the county

post-dac' if U . ? I [Form of «™und- wes, 7-9 ; glac. &
post glac. 33— 34 , eskers, crannogs, deer remains.]

do.

8vo.

Do. do. sheets 41, 53, and 64
country around Ballina .
glac. 22 — 26 ; table of striae.]

Do* do- sheet 20 do. do.

Fhys geogr. 6—6, glac. & post-glac.

19 — 2i • glaciation 22.]

D°' iso?0' rnsieets, 31 (in part) and 32
139J [Donegal and Fermanagh chiefly,
glac. & post-glac. 21_23 ; glaciation 25.’]

do., including the
1879. [Glac.&post-

8vo. 1886. [Co. Antrim,
list of raised beach fossils,

do. do. 8 vo.

Phys. geogr. 7—9 ;

649

650

653.

652

653

654

655

T. W.

Egan, and Alexander

See Xinahan (431, 432),

(Richard Glascott),

MvHenry. ’

Explanatory Memofr to accompany sheets 7 and 8 of the maps of the
geological burvey of Ireland. 8vo. 1888. [Antrim and Derrv
Glac. & post-glac. 38-39 ; sections 50-58.] L 5 ’

Symes (Richard Glascott), and James R. Xilroe.

° do d° dn 5r and t]ie south. western portion of sheet 42

Mp feTK “,r '[Si {yyt

Symes (Richard Glascott) and Alexander ltt‘Henry.

o. do. sheet 14 do do Rvn l cor* r r< a . •

SymJ%B n«-10: glac- &

yM'He “V °IaSOOtt ’' Willia» A. Traill, and Alexander

D°' do d°' do *°’ 51- «2. and northern portion of 62

8vo mi’ ™ ludrng the country around Belmullft . , . .

19-231]81' ^May°' GlaC' & r,ost-Slac- list of glac. fossils

Symes (Richard Glascott) and S. B. Wilkinson.

°' p do* sheet 44 do. do., including portions of counties

gl“g16^™i7a]d CaVan' 8T°- 1S86' [Glac- & P«t-

STo°S ,RlohardtG^SrU’’,S- B‘ Wllkinson- a"d J.K. Kilroe.

’ sheet 65 do. do., including the country around

rPWcCUriy’ ? th? counties of Sligo and Mayo. 8y05 1881

[Phys. geogr. 5-6 ; glac. & post-glac 16 — 17.7

ymes (Richard Glascott), S. B. Wilkinson, and A. M‘Henrv

D°‘ in ldd* Iheet 63 and northern half of 74 do do '

ofta^ %\rfslorTANeWV°Vt -o' ’ County

15-17 ] ’ [PhyS’ ge0gr' 7~9 : SIac- * Post-glac.

300

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

656 Symonds (Eev. W. S.). _ , , 10--

Notes of a Geologist in Ireland during August and September 1857.
Geologist for 1858, 292-296, 330-335, 377-385. |Bn«f refs,
to glac. & post-glac. geology.]

€57 Taylor (J. E.). _ , . . , „ .

An Editor’s Holiday in the West of Ireland. Hardmehe s Science
Gossip for 1878. 228-231. 1878. [Brief ref. to glaciation of

Connemara.]

Tennant (W.).

On the traces of an Irish lake-dwelling found by Capt. L Estrange m
the county of Cavan. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1866, Sections , <9.
1867.

Thompson (Sydney Mary).

A Plea for Irish Glaciology. I.N. , III., 30-

€58

€59

-34. 1894. [General.]

€60

€61

662

€63

Report of the Geological Committee [for 1893-94]. Proc. B.N.P.C.,
(2) IV., 114—127 (for 1893-94). 1894. [Glacial geology.

Sections, erratics, lists of fossils.]

Report of the Geological Committee [for 1894-95]. Proc. B.N.F.G.,
(2) IV., 229—235 (for 1894-95). 1895. [Erratics, &c ]

Thompson (William).

Report on the Fauna of Ireland; Div. Vertebrata. Brit. Assoc.
Report for 1840, 353—409. 1841. [Refs, to extinct species.]

[Exhibited horn of Cervus Alces , from bog in Tyrone.] Proc. Zool.
Soc. London , V., 53 — 54. 1837.

664 „

The Natural History of Ireland. Vol. IV. 1856. [Extinct Mammals
33—36 ; a few post-glac. fossils also among Mollusca.]

665 Tighe (William).

Statistical Observations relative to the County of Kilkenny, made m
the Years 1800 and 1801. 8vo. Dublin, 1802. \Megaceros
88 — 89 ; Dunmore cave 107 — 109.]

€66 Traill (William A.).

On the Occurrence of Lower Boulder Clay or Till, with Shells, in the
Counties of Down and Mayo, Ireland. Brit. Assoc. Report }or
1875, Sections , 83—84. 1876. [South of Mourne Mountains,

and at Ballycastle in Mayo.]

See Symes (652).

667 Traill (William A), and F. W. Egan.

Explanatory Memoir to accompany sheets 49, 50, and part of 61 of the
maps of the Geological Survey of Ireland, including the country
around Downpatrick, &c., county of Down. 8vo. 1871. [Form
of ground 8—14 ; glac. & post-glac., marl shells, Megaceros , 18 —
20, 59—61 ; strim 62—65 ; worked flints 67.]

895-96.]

30i

668 Trench (H. B.) and G, H. Xinahan.

Notes on a Crannoge in Lough Nahinch. Proc. R.I.A., IX. (1864-66),
176 — 179 (read 1864). 1866. [Border of Tipperary and Queen’s

Co. Descr. and finds.]

669 Trouton ( )

[Skull of Red Deer fished out of R. Boyne.] Proc. Publin Nat. Hist.
Soc., 1. (1849-55), 70 (read 1855). 1860 ; and Nat. Hist. Review

II., Proc., 36. 1855.

670 Ussher (Robert J.).

On the Caves and Kitchen-midden at Carrigagower, Co. Cork. Geol.
Mag., (2) VII., 512—514. 1880. [Bones, implements.]

671

Report on the Caves and Kitchen- middens near Cappagh, Co. Water-
ford. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1881, 218—221. 1882. [Imple-

ments ; animal remains.]

672

[The Submarine Crannog of Ardmore — a letter.] Journ, R.H. $•
A.A.I., (4) V. i. (1879), 144-145. 1882.

673

[First] Report of the Committee appointed for the Purpose of
carrying out Explorations in the Caves of Carboniferous Limestone
in the South of Ireland. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1882, 240—241.

1883. [General.]

674

[Second] Report of the Committee appointed for the purpose of carrying
out Explorations in Caves in the Carboniferous Limestone in the
South of Ireland. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1883, 132 — 133.

1884. [Short narrative.]

675

A Description of objects found in the Kitchen-middens of Raths.
Journ. R.H. § A.A.I., (4) VII. ii. (1886), 362—368, 3 plates.
1887. [Ref. to extinct mammals.]

676

Notes on the Irish Caves. I.N., IV., 92—94. 1895. CListof caves,

&c.]

677

The Ardmore Crannog. Journ ., Waterford $• S.E. of Ireland Arch.
Soc., I., 198 — 201, plate. 1895. [Crannog below sea-level.]

See Adams (8,9).

678 Bssher (Robert T.) and A. leith Adams.

On the Discovery of a Bone Cave near Cappagh, Co. Waterford.
Brit. Assoc. Report for 1879, 338 — 339. 1879. [Implements

and animal remains.]

Notes on the Discovery in Ireland of a Bone Cave, containing Remains
of the Irish Elk, apparently co-existent with Man. Set. Proc.
R.D.S., n.s. II., 234—236. 1880; and Journ. R.G.S.I., V

170—172. 1880.

679

302

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

680 Ussher (Robert J.) A, Leith Adams, and G. H. Kinahan.

Abstract of Report on the Exploration of Ballynamintra Cave, Cappagh,
near Dungarvan. Proc. E.I.A. , (2) IT. ( Polite Lit. and
Antiquities ), 78 — 78. 1881. [Descr. of deposits, bones imple-

ments, &c.]

681 Ussher (Robert J.) and G. H. Kinahan.

On a Submarine Crannog discovered by R. J. TJssher at Ardmore, Co.
Waterford. Proc. R.I.A. , (2) II. ( Polite Lit. and Antiquities ),
61—65, plate 1. 1880. [In peat below raised beach. Bones

and implements.]

682 Wakefield (Edward).

Account of Ireland, Statistical and Political. 2 rols., 4to. London,
1812. [I., ch. iv., 92—112, bogs. Crannog near Roscrea, &c.]

683 Wakeman (G. W.).

On the Remains of Animals, &c. at Dunshaughlin. Proc. Lublin Nat.
Hist. Soc ., I. (1849-55), 69—70 (read 1865). 1860 ; and Nat.

Hist. Review , II., Proc., 99 — 100. 1855.

684

[Presentation of two skulls of oxen, from bog at Dunshaughlin, Co.
Meath.] Proc. Lublin Nat. Hist. Soc., I. (1849-55), 69 (read
1854). 1860 ; and Nat. Hist. Revieiv, II., 16. 1855.

685 Wakeman (W. P.).

Remarks upon three hitherto unnoticed Crannogs in Drumgay Lake,
near Enniskillen. Journ. R.H. £ A.A.I., I. i., 232—235. 1870.

686

Further Remarks upon the hitherto unnoticed Crannogs in Drumgay
Lake, near Enniskillen. Journ. R.H. A.A.I. , (4) I. i., 305 —
314, plate. 1870. [Chiefly descr. of objects found.]

687

The Cave of Knockmore, near Derrygonelly, County of Fermanagh ;
with remarks on the Character of the primitive scorings and early
Christian symbols inscribed on its sides. Proc. R.I.A., X,
(1866-70), 229—232 (read 1868). 1870.

688

On the inscribed Cavern of Lough Nacloyduff, Parish of Bohoe,
County of Fermanagh. Proc. R.I.A., X., (1866-70), 327—329
(read 1868). 1870. [Cave.]

689

On the Cavern called “ Gillie’s Hole ” at Knockmore, Co. Fermanagh.
Proc. R.I.A. , X. (1866-70), 395—397 (read 1869). 1870.

[Brief descr. Inscribed stones.]

690 —

Remarks on the Crannog at Bally doolough, County of Fermanagh.
Journ. R.H. $ A.A.I., (4) I. ii., 360—371, plate. 1871.
[Objects found chiefly.]

691

[On iron tools, &c. from Cornagall Crannog, Co. Cavan.] Journ. R.H.
$ A.A.I., I. ii., 4C1— 466, plate. 1871. [Refs, to other
crannogs.]

IS95-96.]

3°3

692 Wakemaa (W. F.).

The Crannogs in Lough Eyes, Co. Fermanagh. Journ. R.H. <$•
A. A. I., I. ii., 563 — 564, 2 plates. 1871. [Descr.]

693

On certain recent Discoveries of ancient Crannog Structures, chiefly in
the County Fermanagh. Journ . R.IJ. A. A. I., (4) V. ii. (1880),
324-339. 1882.

[On the Crannog and Antiquities of Lisnacroghera, near Broughshane,
Co. Antrim.] Journ. It.H. $ A.A.T., (4) VI. ii., 375— 4C6.

695 —

The Crannogs of Drumdarragh, otherwise Trillick, and Lankill, Co.
Fermanagh. Journ. R.E. A.A.I., (4) YII. ii. (1886), 372 —
389, 6 plates. 1887.

696

On the Crannog and Antiquities of Lisnacroghera, near Broughshane,
Co. Antrim. Second Notice. Journ. R.E. # A. A. I., (4) IX.
(1889), 96 — 106. 1890. Third Notice, Proc. $ Papers R. S.A.T.,

(5) I. (1890-91), 542 — 545, 3 plates. 1892. Fourth Notice, ibid,
673 — 675, 4 plates. 1892. [Chiefly descr. of objects found.]

697 — -

Arehaeologia Hibernica. A handbook of Irish Antiquities, Pagan and
Christian. 8vo. Dublin and London, 1891. [Causeways,
crannogs, stone implements, &c.]

698 Walker (Adam).

A Leter to Charles Morton, M.D., Sec. R.S., Containing an account
of the Cavern of Dunmore Park, near Kilkenny, in Ireland.
Rhil. Trans., LXIII. i., 16-19. 1773.

699 Waller (Edward).

On the Discovery in Ireland of a new British Shell. Journ. R.D.S.,
I., 386—388. 1856. [ Columbella Holbollii, Turbot Bank, Co.

Antrim.]

700 —

On the Discovery in Ireland of New Shells. Journ. R.D.S., II.,
29 — 34, plate 1. 1858. [Glac. fossils from Turbot Bank.]

Warren (J. X..), see Hull (310, 311).

Watts (W. W.), see M'Henry (493).

701 Wauchope (Admiral R.)

Remarks on the Flint Implements found at Amiens and Abbeville,
in connection with the Glacial Theory. 8vo. Penrith, lS6l!
[Reviewed in Geologist , 1861, 272. Stone hatchet buried in
Megaceros skull, Lough Gur. See also 684.]

Stone Weapon in a Fossil Deer’s Skull. Geologist for 1861, 381—382.
[At Lough Gur, and in Co. Carlow.]

702

304

[Appendix B.N.F.C,,

703 Weaver (Thomas).

On the fossil elk of Ireland. Phil. Trans., CXV., 429 — 435. 1825 ;

and Annals of Philosophy, n.s. IX., 463 — 465. 1825. [Dundrum,
Co. Down. Marl shells, &c.]

70S: Welch (Robert J.).

Kitchen Middens in Co. Donegal. I.N. , III., 243. 1894. [Short

note.]

705 W[estropp] (T. J.).

A “Find” in Coolasluasty Lough, Co. Clare. Journ. R.S.A.I., (5)
V., 179. 1895. [Planks, skulls, &c.]

706 Westropp (W. K.).

Sketch of the Physical Geology of North Clare. Journ. P.G.S. I. ,111.,
75 — 79 (read 1872). 1874. [Ref. to glac. geology.]

White (Rev. P.) see 765.

707 Wilde (William R.).

On the animal remains and antiquities recently found at Dunshaughlin,
in the County of Meath. Proc. R.I.A. , I., 420 — 426. 1840.

[Heaps of hones in bog.]

708

Descriptive Catalogue of the Antiquities of Stone, Earthen, and
Vegetable Materials in the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy.
8 vo. Dublin, 1857.

709

On the ancient and modern races of Oxen in Ireland. Proc. E.I.A. ,
VII. (1857-61), 64—75 (read 1858). 1862; and Nat. Hist.

Review V., Proc., 276 — 287. 1858.

73.0

Upon the unmanufactured animal Remains belonging to the Academy.
Proc. R.I.A., VII., 181—212 (read 1859). 1857-61 ; and Nat.

Hist. Review VII., 41—72. 1860. [Catalogue, extinct and

other animals.]

712.

A Descriptive Catalogue of the Antiquities of Animal Materials and
Bronze in the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy. 8vo.
Dublin, 1861.

712

[On three Crannogs in Leitrim, Longford, and Antrim.] Proc. R.I.A.,

VII. (1857-61), 147—153 (read 1859). 1862. [At Lough Rinn,

Castle Forbes, and Toome.]

713

A Descriptive Catalogue of the Antiquities of Gold in the Museum of
the Royal Irish Academy. 8vo. Dublin, 1862.

714

[Remarks on indented bones of Megaceros.~\ Journ. G.S.D., X. (1862-
64), 169—170. 1864.

Description of a Crannoge in the County of Cavan. Proc. R.I.A.,

VIII. (1861-64), 274-278 (read 1863). 1864; and Dublin

Q.J.S., III., 279-284. 1863.

715

1895-96.]

305

716

717

713

719

720

Wilt?1655)! (SydnSy Bl)’ see Kigali (432, 433), Symes (653

Wilkinson (Sydney B.) and R. J. Cruise.

Explanatory Memoir to accompany sheets 76 and 77 of the Maps of the
Geological Survey of Ireland, including the country around

ToSi rf. ' * , m the counties of Roscommon and Mayo. Svo.
1874. [Form of ground 5—7 ; glac. & post-glac. 21.]

"Do‘ q d°*. , sll®.et 56 do. do., including the country around
bwanlmbar, Florencecourt, and Dowra. 8vo. 1886. [Leitrim,
Cavan, Fermanagh. Glac. & post-glac. 14— 15.]

Wilkinson (Sydney B.), F W. Bg-an, and J. r. snroe.

Do. do. sheet 25 do. do. 8vo. 1887. [Donegal
and Tyrone. Phys. geogr. 5—7 ; glac. & post-glac. 17, 19, 21.]

Wilkinson (Sydney B.) and J. R, SCilroe.

'Do* tit d0V sheet 57 do. do., including parts of Fermanagh,
Monaghan, and Cavan. 8vo. 1881. [Glac. & post-glac. if—
16 ; stnse 18.] 0

Do. do. sheet 45
Enniskillen . .

721

do. do., including the country around
8vo. 1882. [Glac. & post-glac. 17—18.]

722

723

724

725

726

727

D n d 7. s*ieet3'> do. do., including the district around
Umagh, Imtona, and Irvmestown. Svo. 1886. [Fermanagh,
lyrone. Phys. geogr. 5-7 ; glac. & post.glac. 19—20.]

Williams (William).

On “ Cervus Megaceros .” Brit. Assoc. Report for 1878, 537 [Ballv-
hetagh find : age of Megaceros. ]

On an Attempt to elucidate the History of the Cervus Megaceros.
commonly called the Irish Elk. Sci. Proc. R.D.S ns IT
105 111. 1880. [Age and cause of extinction.] *

On the Occurrence of Megaceros Hibernicas , Owen, in the Ancient
Lacustrine Deposits of Ireland, with Remarks on the Probable
Age of these Reds. Geol. Mag., (2) VIII., 354—363. 1881

[Descr. of Ballybetagh ; age of Megaceros ; climate.]

Williams (W. ^Eattieu).

Notes on the Glaciation of Ireland and the Tradition of Lough Lurgan
Brit. Assoc. Report for 1878, 528-529. 1879. [Geographical
features caused by glaciation.]

Windele (John).

Historical and Descriptive Notices of the City of Cork and its vicinity

’ ' ; non8/!?* C°?’ 184°- [Refs, to caves, pp. 188 (Carriga-
crump), 220 (Ovens).] v &

On an Ancient Cemetery at Ballymacus, County of Cork
ICilk. Arch. Soc., II. ii. (1853), 230—239. 1854.

Castlemartyr cave and elk teeth.]

Trans.
[Ref. to

3°6

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

728 Wood (Searles V.), jun.

Observations on the Sequence of the Glacial Beds. Geol. Mag., \ II.,
17_22, Gl— 68. 1870. [Ref. to Wexford beds, pp. 17 — 18.]

729

Further Remarks on the Sequence of the Glacial Beds. Geol. Mag.,
VIII., 406— 412. 1871. [Ref. to Wexford beds.]

730 Wood-Martin (Lt.-Col. W. G.).

The Lake -dwellings of Ireland . . . 8vo. Dublin and London,

1886. [Much information.]

731

Description of a Crannog Site in the County of Meath. Proc. R.I.A.,
(2) II. (. Polite Lit. $■ Antiquities) (1879-88), 480—484 (read 1866).
1888.

732

Pagan Ireland : an Archaeological Sketch. 8vo. Dublin, 1895.

See also 766.

733 Wright (Edward Perceval).

Notes of a visit to Mitchelstown Caves. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1857,
Sections, 108—109. 1858. [Abstract]; and Nat. Hist. Review

IV., 231— 241. 1857. [Present fauna.]

734 Wright (Joseph).

Post- Tertiary Foraminifera of the North-east of Ireland. Proc. B.N.
PC., (2) I., 428—429 (for 1879-80), 1881 [abstract]; and do.
(2) I., Appendix for 1879-80, 149—163. 1881. [Of boulder

clays, estuarine clays, and raised beaches.]

735

The Occurrence of Boulder Clay on Divis. Proc. B.N.F.C. , (2) IV.
215—216 (for 1894-95). 1895. [Marine clay at 1300—1400

feet, Co. Antrim.]

736 Wynne (Arthur B.).

Explanations to accompany sheet 126 (and the portion of 125 lying to
the east of the Shannon) of the Maps of the Geological Survey of
Ireland, illustrating parts of Tipperary and the King’s and Queen’s
Counties. 8vo. 1862. [Glac. & post-glac. 9, 13 — 14; detailed
descr. 14 — 36.]

737

Irish Drift Fossils. Geologist for 1862, 428—429. [ Mytilus in gravel-
pit south of Sligo.]

738 —

On the Geology of part of Sligo. Brit. Assoc. Report for 1862,
Sections, 96—97. 1863. [Abstract]; also Journ. G.S.D., X.,

31—41 (read 1863). 1864; and Dublin Q.J.S., III., 171—179.

1863. [Ref. to shelly drift and mammalian remains.]

739

On Denudation with Reference to the Configuration of the Ground.
Geol. Mag., IV., 3—11, plates 1—2. 1867. [Ref. to submerged

peat, Youghal Bay.]

1895-96.]

30-7

740 Wynne (Arthur s>).

On Disturbance of the Level of the Land near Youghal, on the South
Coast of Ireland. Q.J.G.S., XXIV., 4-8. 1868. [Glac. &

post-glac. beds ; shells.]

741

On the Disturbance of the Level of the Land near Youghal. [A letter.]
Geol Mag., V., 484 — 485. 1868. [Answer to criticisms by

Greenwood.]

742

Explanatory Memoir to accompany sheets 42 and 43 of the Maps of
the Geological Survey of Ireland, comprising portions of the
Counties of Sligo and Leitrim. 8vo. 1885. [Glac. & post. -glac,
27 — 28 ; caves 28 ; strise 30.]

743

Note on Submerged Peat Mosses and Trees in certain Lakes in
Connaught. Sci. Froc. R.F.S., n.s. V., 499—503. 1886-87;

and Journ. R.G.S.I. , VII., 186—190. 1887=

See Jukes (343 to 345, 355 to 360), Xinahan (434), O’Xelly
(533).

744 Wynne (Very Rev. G. R.),

Traces of Ancient Dwellings in the Sandhills of West Kerry. [Note.]
Journ. R.S.A.I. , (5) III., 78—80. 1893. [Bones, &c.]

Young (Arthur), see 767.

745 Young (Robert).

On the Eskers of the Central Plain of Ireland. Brit. Assoc, Report
for 1852, Sections, 63 — 64. 1853. [Submergence theory.]

746

The recent Elevation of the Land in the Vicinity of Belfast.
[Abstract.] 4 th Ann. Report B.N.F.C. (for 1866-67), 20—22.

1867. [General descr.]

747

The Boulder Clay of the Belfast District. [Abstract.] 8th Ann.
Report B.N.F.C. (for 1870 — 71), 32 — 35. 1871. [General.]

743 —

Some Remarks on the recent Changes of coast Level at Ballyholme
Bay, Co. Down. Froc. B.N.H. $ F.S. for 1871-72, 89—40.
1873. [Boulder clay, peat, raised beach.]

743

[Wrought logs in boulder-clay near Belfast.] Journ. R.H. & A. A. I. ,
(4) V. it. (1880), 307—308. 1882.

750 — -

Some Notes on the Upper Boulder Clay near Belfast. [Abstract 1
Froc. B.N.H. F.S. for 1889 90, 57. 1890.

Notes on the Geology of the Excavations for the Main Drainage
Works [Belfast]. [Abstract.] Froc. B.N.H. $ F.S. for 1890-91,
89. 1892.

751

308

[Appendix B.N.F.C,,

752 Young (Robert Magill).

Brief Antiquarian Notes at Bushfoot and Ballymagarry [Co. Antrim].
Proc. B.N.H. % P.S. for 1892-93, 37—34. 1894. [Ref. to

Bushfoot sandhill finds.]

753

On a Recent Find of Irish Elk Bones, &c., in Belfast. Proc. B.N.H.
# P.S. for 1893-94, 76—78. 1894; and I.N., III., 81— 82.

1894. [In cuttings in Belfast streets.]

See Belfast N.H. & P.S. (44).

ADDENDA.

754 [Campbell (Thomas).]

A Philosophical Survey of the South of Ireland, in a series of Letters
to John Watkinson, M.D. 8vo. Dublin, 1778. [Dunmore
cave, p. 106.]

755 Carpenter (George Herbert).

Animals found in the Mitchelstown Cave. I.N., III., 25 — 35, plate
1. 1896; reprinted (in part) in Spelling a : Bulletin de la Societe

de Speleologie, I. i. Paris, 1895. [Present fauna.]

756 Close (Rev. Maxwell H.).

On the Geology of the Neighbourhood of Dublin as affecting its
Sanitary Conditions. [Read Oct. 3rd, 1884, at Congress of the
Sanitary Institute of Great Britain, held at Dublin. 8 pp.
Authors’s copy, headed “Excerptfrom vol.YI. of the Transactions ”
&c.] [Descr. of beds underlying the city.]

757 [Cromwell (Thomas Kitson).]

Excursions through Ireland. 3 vols. 12mo., no date. [1818.] [Dun-
more cave, II., p. 58.]

753 Foot (Frederick J.).

Natural History Notes on the Mammalia of the West coast of Clare.
Proc. Dublin Nat. Hist. Soc ., III. (1859-62), 104 — 106. 1863.
[Caves.]

750 Hardman (Edward T.).

The Limestone Caves of Sligo. [Appendix A. (pp. 375—378) of
Wood-Martin’s “ History of Sligo,” I. 8vo. Dublin, 1882.
[Localities.]

760 Rinahan (George Henry) and M, H. Close.

The Glaciation of Iar-Connaught and its neighbourhood. 8vo.
Dublin, 1872. [Important paper.]

761 [Luckombe (Philip).]

A Tour through Ireland, wherein the present state of that Kingdom is
considered .... 12mo. Dublin, 1780. [Caves. Cork

and Kerry, pp. 130— 131, 134, 190, 282.]

&S95-96*]

3°9

762

763

764

765

766

Mallet (Robert).

On some Stalagmites from the Care of Dunmore, County of Kilkenny.
Journ. G.S.D., III. in., 262 — 263. 1846. [Short abstract.]

Ryland (Rev. R. H.).

The History, Topography, and Antiquities of the County and City of
Waterford. 8vo. London, 1 824. [Refs, to caves.]

Savage (John).

Picturesque Ireland .... 4to. New York, no date. [Bursting
of a bog at Dunmore, North Galway, p. 264.]

White (Rev. P.).

History of Clare .... 8vo. Dublin, 1893. TCave at Kil-
tannon, p. 2.]

Wood-Martin (Lt.-Col. W. G.)>

History of Sligo, County and Town. [Vol. III]. 1688 to present
time. 8vo. Dublin, 1892. [Ch. XXI Y., Geology, &c.; boulder
clay, bogs, raised beaches, crannogs, caves.]

See Hardman (759).

767 Young (Arthur).

A Tour in Ireland .... made in the Years 1776, 1777, and
1778 and . . . 1779. 4to. London, 1780. TMitchelstown

cave, 380 — 381 (I., 464 — 465 of Hutton’s ed., 1892).]

3io

[Appendix B.N.F.C.j

INDEX.

Note. — It must be understood that the following indexes, being compiled
from the titles of the papers, and from the brief indication of their contents
appended, are not exhaustive. They are intended as a rough guide to the papers,
&c., dealing with any particular group of beds, or with any particular district.
By consulting the papers indicated under any group, and also the papers indicated
in the “general” list at the head of the section (A or B), a tolerably complete
list will be obtained of papers dealing with the group in question ; but for a
complete list of references the Bibliography itself must be looked through.

SECTION A.— GEOLOGICAL INDEX.

Group 1 — General.

(Papers referring to various formations.)

3

4

5

27

3*

33

34

39

45

85

90

9*

i33

i35

136

148

149

150

I51

152

178

184

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

200

201

202

205

206

207

208

209

217

240

*44

*57

*59

260

270

283

284

288

*95

*97

300

3CI

3°4

3°5

306

307

308

3°9

310

311

322

323

3*4

333

334

335

337

340

241

34*

*43

345

347

348

349

35°

35*

35*

353

354

355

356

357

358

359

360

361

369

371

376

380

382

395

405

408

412

420

4*4

425

426

427

428

429

431

43*

433

434

439

469

470

485

486

49*

493

496

5°5

506

5^5

526

5*7

528

5*9

53i

53*

533

535

57*

585

586

592

609

645

646

647

648

649

650

651

652

653

654

655

656

657

716

717

718

719

720

721

736

742

Group 2 — Pliocene.

(Chiefly W exford gravels.)

87

88

89

90

93

*54

*57

258

263

316

387

641

728

7 29

Group 3-

-Glaciation, Strips.

10

35

58

63

68

74

82

1 18

128

129

130

*3*

i39

140

177

188

189

203

228

*39

*59

281

289

294

*97

301

3°7

3°9

31©

33°

37°

376

377

382

427

428

429

431

43*

433

436

469

474

536

545

575

624

646

647

648

651

653

657

659

660

667

719

7*5

742

760

I S 94- 95-]

31 1

Group 4 — Glacial Deposits, Erratics.

i r

13

47

48

5i

56

57

62

65

66

67

69

72

73

76

77

78

81

84

87

88

89

97

108

1 10

1 1 1

*32

137

138

x39

171

172

173

i74

i75

176

2I3

214

222

224

242

243

246

250

253

254

^55

258

272

290

291

293

302

314

320

327

328

336

338

339

344

345

35°

365

366

368

373

374

375

378

387

388

389

392

393

394

398

399

402

404

406

407

4H

4i5

419

435

437

441

462

474

484

488

494

537

538

539

54i

542

568

575

583

587

589

590

59i

593

603

604

612

620

622

625

626

627

628

629

631

637

638

641

642

644

659

660

661

666

706

728

729

735

73/

738

74°

745

747

748

75°

757

760

766

Group i

5— Post-glacial

in General,

V

389

399

440

487

544

569

57°

576

588

621

635

734

75i

756

766

Group 6—

-Submerged Peat, Bogs, Marl.

16

21

23

25

36

37

40

42

5°

59

67

H3

165

169

i*S

197

205

207

21 1

218

245

286

3°8

3i9

364

376

382

400

416

483

495

502

5i3

5H

518

5*9

521

546

552

559

566

579

596

620

623

630

682

724

739

74°

743

748

764

Group 7—

•Post-

■glacial Clays.

64

220

221

400

55i

576

577

578

581

582

616

636

643

Group 8

— Kaised Beaches.

29

5°

52

58

64

7i

75

83

9i

165

180

221

222

237

252

273

292

295

3°4

3i5

397

453

457

515

554

574

6 77

584

615

618

639

643

732

748

Group 9

'—Caves and Cave-Deposits.

2

7

8

9

12

15

19

20

28

55

79

IOI

102

*°3

i°5

106

107

109

120

142

H5

H7

149

152

I55

198

*99

202

231

256

267

296

37i

376

438

510

51 1

524

525

55i

562

563

564

565

601

602

607

608

645

665

670

671

673

674

676

678

679

680

687

688

689

726

727

732

733

742

754

755

756

757

758

759

76 1

762

763

765

766

767

312 [Appendix B.N.'F.d.,

Group 150 — Vertebrate Fossils.

2

3

4

5

6

9

18

21

23

24

25

26

3i

36

37

38

39

40

4i

56

60

94

98

99

100

IOI

102

103

106

109

1 17

H9

120

121

122

123

124

I25

i34

146

153

i54

*56

157

l6o

162

163

164

176

179

186

187

198

202

206

2I5

216

219

222

223

226

235

248

256

262

264

266

267

268

269

276

277

278

279

280

285

286

287

300

301

308

323

325

326

329

33i

353

355

364

37i

4i3

424

434

467

47i

475

481

482

483

489

501

5°3

508

509

5i5

518

520

522

523

540

547

548

549

55°

553

558

559

560

562

564

567

576

579

580

596

597

598

599

600

601

602

605

608

609

610

61 1

614

616

619

645

662

663

664

665

667

669

678

679

680

683

684

701

702

703

705

709

710

714

722

723

724

727

738

753

Group

11-

-Invertebrate Fossils.

31

33

47

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

104

1 10

1 1 1

132

144

169

197

205

207

210

220

221

222

243

252

260

263

295

297

3°4

308

312

3*3

3H

316

3i7

318

365

367

376

382

437

486

487

493

500

535

537

538

572

576

577

578

583

SH

59i

612

615

622

623

626

628

629

636

637

639

641

642

643

647

652

660

664

666

699

700

734

735

737

738

Group 12 — Prehistoric Settlements.

(Crannogs, kitchen-middens, sandhill sites, &c., and associated remains.)

1

-17

22

30

63

95

”5

1 16

141

166

167

168

170

i93

196

225

230

234

261

265

271

274

275

282

332

363

372

376

379

381

384

385

396

421

423

427

442

444

446

447

448

450

455

456

459

460

464

465

466

468

476

477

478

489

490

491

497

5°4-

5°7

5i4

516

Sl7

5J9

53°

555

556

557

566

594

595

632

645

658

668

6 JQ

671

672

675

6 77

681

682

685

686

690

691

692

693

694

695

697

698

704

705

707

712

715

730

73 1

732

744

749

752

766

Group 13

— Prehistoric Implements,

, Utensils,

&c.

29

42

46

48

49

52

53

54

58

59

61

64

65

80

96

1 12

“3

114

126

156

158

159

161

180

181

183

185

194

1 95

212

227

229

23r

232

233

235

236

237

238

273

441

443

445

449

452

453

454

457

458

461

462

463

473

479

489

512

534

561

562

618

633

639

643

667

678

679

680

698

701

702

708

71 1

7i3

732

1895-96.]

.313

Group 14— Denudation, Deposition, Formation of Sea -beaches and

Lagoons.

14 205 319 351 383 39o 391 397 398 401 4o3 408 409 410

411 4*7 4l8 422 427 429 574 640 739

Group 15— Elevation, Subsidence, Submergence.

70 127 177 247 303 416 472 546 606 617 634 635 672 677

681 740 741 743 746 748

Group 16— Climate of Past Epochs.
182 210 213 605

SECTION B— GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX.

1 — General or Indefinite.

(Papers dealing with many localities, or with general considerations.)

3

4

5

6

10

11

18

22

26

27

34

36

37

39

4i

85

88

90

92

94

95

99

100

108

1 *4

1 16

118

119

122

129

140

*43

*53

*54

1 56

*57

162

163

164

168

1 77

182

*93

1 95

210

2*3

214

217

218

222

223

227

230

231

232

238

240

241

242

244

246

249

250

2 53

255

264

266

268

269

281

283

284

285

287

288

290

291

292

293

294

296

297

303

318

320

321

323

324

329

332

333

361

362

364

366

367

368

37°

373

374

378

383

385

386

387

388

389

39°

391

392

393

394

395

397

399

401

404

405

406

407

409

4*3

4*5

419

420

422

439

443

446

447

448

452

453

454

457

458

459

460

461

463

466

467

472

474

479

480

481

482

493

494

498

499

5°*

5°3

508

5*3

520

523

534

535

537

538

542

547

548

549

553

558

569

57*

573

574

581

582

586

587

588

589

59°

594

596

599

600

605

606

607

609

610

611

613

617

622

625

634

635

638

656

659

660

661

662

664

673

674

675

676

682

693

697

708

709

710

711

713

7*4

723

724

725

73 0

732

739

743

745

3^4

2— Co. Antrim.

[Appendix B.N.F.C.,

15

16

29

3i

43

45

46

47

49

50

51

52

53

54

56

59

62

63

64

66

67

70

75

76

77

80

83

91

96

104

109

no

hi

112

1 13

”5

126

158

159

180

181

183

190

191

194

197

212

220

221

224

226

228

229

232

233

234

235

236

237

251

254

25 7

258

273

295

310

312

313

3i4

317

396

411

441

445

447

449

451

453

454

455

457

462

464

476

477

478

484

485

486

487

490

491

492

495

497

500

502

5 1 5

572

577

578

579

580

583

587

592

604

618

621

623

624

635

636

637

639

641

643

644

647

649

651

694

696

699

700

712

734

735

746

747

749

750

751

752

753

3-

■Co. Armagh.

150

151

186

187

188

189

194

251

257

525

4-

-Co. Carlow.

259

305

322

35i

4H

702

5-

-Co.

Cavan.

248

251

261

469

470

504

5°9

522

653

658

691

715

7i7

719

6-

-Co.

Clare.

199

202

205

206

353

37i

376

424

426

434

OO

CO

530

705

706

7 58

765

7

—Co.

Cork.

1

7

13

17

3°

i°5

140

141

142

H5

H7

152

i75

262

265

319

327

328

336

338

340

344

349

35°

352

355

357

358

430

575

620

670

726

727

739

740

741

761

8-

-Co. Donegal.

44

192

239

251

270

271

272

306

307

309

416

4*7

421

423

433

440

465

496

497

5i9

557

584

616

648

704

718

9-

-Co.

Down.

14

23

45

48

57

60

61

65

68

69

71

72

73

74

78

81

82

165

166

169

183

186

197

229

232

251

275

301

31°

311

398

450

473

475

485

486

487

554

555

556

576

578

585

592

633

635

636

637

666

667

703

734

74*

895-96.3

3i5

10 — Co. Dublin.

32

216

33

260

121

290

124

298

128

299

132

300

133

3°4

136

337

*37

342

138

365

139

437

171

518

i73

54°

174

543

544

756

567

568

59i

593

612

615

622

626

627

629

722

723

724

11—

Co. Fermanagh.

42

55

79

150

X5X

161

251

2 77

278

279

562

563

564

565

566

648

653

684

685

686

687

688

689

690

692

693

695

717

719

720

721

12

—Co.

Galway,

97

202

207

208

251

33°

371

372

376

377

379

380

381

382

384

764

402

427

428

429

431

432

468

532

545

546

559

657

760

13

-Co.

Kerry.

12

35

131

143

172

*75

201

211

289

328

335

336

339

341

346

347

349

352

359

425

426

603

744

761

14-

-Co.

Kildare.

173

174

184

300

343

348

35i

15-

-Co. Kilkenny.

i34

178

198

200

209

256

267

286

322

334

35i

489

510

55x

560

601

602

665

698

754

755

762

16

— King’s Co.

170

184

208

245

343

356

5°7

532

632

736

17-

-Co.

Leitrim.

H9

251

369

469

470

653

712

7i7

742

18—

■Co. Limerick.

21

25

40

98

121

123

125

146

160

215

219

280

344

349

353

354

355

424

425

426

43°

434

483

55°

597

598

701

702

19— Co

». Londonderry.

86

1 3 5

176

189

190

191

196

247

251

272

274

3i5

433

44°

442

444

446

448

449

456

488

527

528

529

572

578

595

616

624

637

642

649

734

20 — Co. Longford.

40

148

203

204

208

251

325

326

33i

43i

47°

712

3 1 6

21 — Co. Louth.

58 138 251 304 308 525 570

22— Co. Mayo.

[Appendix B.N.F.C.

97 *

149

242

243

25*

428 431 432 595

645

1

646,

650

65*

654

65^

666

716

760

23 — Co. Meath.

144

148

171

*73

*74

179 184 251 304

308

337

470

614

669

683

684

707

731

24 — Co. Monaghan.

150

1 5 1

188

248

25*

308 471 509 516

5*7

522

525

7*9

25— Queen’s Co.

170

200

276

343

348

35* 356 375 53*

532

668

736

26— Co. Roscommon.

149

207

208

25*

363

43* 469 470 7 16

27 — Co. Sligo.

149

242

251

369

608

650 654 737 738

742

759

766

28— Co. Tipperary.

19

20

24

28

178

200 209 334 344

345

353

354

356

358

360

376

434

5**

524

532 533 668 682

733

736

755

767

29— Co. Tyrone.

151

167

189

192

251

257 4*7 433 521

52&

527

528

561

663

718

720

721

30 — Co. Waterford.

2

7

8

9

IOI

102 103 106 107

120

127

*55

*78

252

282

345

357

358

619

671 672 677 678

679

680

681

7 63

31— Co. Westmeath.

38

148

184

185

208

225 251 630 631

32 — Co. Wexford."

87

88

89

90

178

259 263 305 316

322

400

403

408

409

412

414

552

728

729

3S_Co. Wicklow.

33

128

*37

*39

259

300 302 305 342

409

410

418

435

436

506

5 12

5*4

536

539

541 591 593 622

628

640

I

A

APPENDICES VII. and VIII.

(Vol. II.)

TO

PROCEEDINGS

OF

BELFAST NATURALISTS’

FIELD CLUB,

Belfast :

PRINTED AT THE “ BELFAST NEWS-LETTER ” OFFICE,
55, 57, & 59 Donegall Street.

[Proc. B.N.F.O.

1905-1906.]

SHOWING DISTRIBUTION OF ERRATICS

A SUMMARY

1905- 1906.J

OF

RECENT GLACIAL INVESTIGATIONS

BY THE

BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB.

COMPILED BY

madame rodolphe christen

(Miss Sidney m. Thompson).

Bern, an Appendix (No. 7 of Vol. II.) to the Proceedings of the
Belfast Naturalists' Field Club, for 1905-6 .

G

820

rB.N.F.G.

APPENDIX.

SUMMARY OF RECENT GLACIAL INVESTIGATIONS
BY THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB.

Compiled by Madame Rodolphe Christen (Miss Sydney M.

Thompson).

Fully a dozen years have elapsed since a circular was sent
to our Club by Mr. Percy F. Kendall, M.Sc., Secretary of the
British Association Erratic Blocks Committee, requesting the
Club to co-operate by examining the glacial phenomena of our
district, with especial reference to the distribution of erratics in
the drift. A ready response was given by the Club, and a
geological section formed for the express purpose of conducting
the inquiries, and a collection of Irish rocks commenced, to
assist in identifying the parent locality from which the erratics
had travelled, specimens of Scotch rocks likely to occur being
presented by Mr. Kendall. A room was acquired at the
Museum where meetings could be held and collections and
instruments stored. The patient accumulation of a multitude
of details on many points was willingly undertaken by many
members of the Club, as well as by the little group specially
appointed; and erratics from outlying districts were received
from time to time, invaluable assistance being also given by
Mr. S. A. Stewart, A.L.S., F.B.S.E., and Mr. Joseph Wright,
F.G.S., whose works on the Mollusca1 and Microzoa2 of our
boulder clays rank amongst the classics of British glacial
literature.

1. Mollusca of the Boulder clay of the N.E. of Ireland. Proc. B.N.F.C.

(2) I. Appendix for 1879-80, p. 165.

2. Post-tertiary Foraminifera of the N.E. of Ireland. Proc. B.N.F.C.

(2) I. 1879-80, p. 428.

1505-1906..

321

The work was commenced on the 12th of August, 1892
when Miss Mary K. Andrews, Mr. Stewart, and the writer visited
a fine section of boulder clay 25 feet in depth, exposed (in
making subway) at Greenland Railway Station. A short
description of the work may be of interest, as all sub-
sequent examinations were similarly conducted, sometimes by
solitary workers, sometimes by the whole geological section,
but usually by two or three members, amongst whom I must
.gratefully single out Miss Andrews and Mr. Robert Bell, whose
unwearying toil made this summary a possibility.

Boulder clay usually contains innumerable stones of all
sizes embedded irregularly throughout its mass. Of these 100
or more stones were selected at random, broken and counted to
give the percentage of erratics, an erratic being defined as “any
stone found m a glacial deposit that is not resting on its parent
rock, no matter how short 1 distance it may have travelled ”
lhe subjacent rock at Greenisland being Trias, every stone
not of Tnassic origin was an erratic, and it was surprising and
interesting to note what a varied assortment occurred, varying
in size from chalk boulders, five feet long, down to tiny pebbles
of far-travelled rocks from Scotland, Ailsa Craig, North Antrim
Derry, and Tyrone, and large, beautifully-scored, and polished
blocks of Silurian slate, hailing from either Scotland or the
County Down. Shells were looked for, and bags of the clay col-
Jected to be submitted to Mr. Wright for microscopical examina-
tion. This is the most troublesome and tedious process con-
nected with our researches, involving hours of monotonous
labour on Mr. Wright’s part, with only occasional assistance
from Miss Smythe, as sometimes several pounds of stiff clay
\.h^u washed, dried, and floated, yield one tiny foraminifer too
small to be visible to the naked eye !

Fossils found in the clays were carefully collected, and
photographs of the section taken by Miss Andrews for future
reference. Specimens of well-known rocks were listed in the
field, other fragments being brought to the Museum, to be num-
bered, mounted, labelled, and submitted to Mr. Stewart Mr J
St. J. Phillips, A.R.I.B.A., or Mr. Seymour to ascertain theh

822

[B.N.F.C.

place of origin. Unknown erratics were from time to time for-
warded to Dublin to Mr. A. M'Henry, M.R.I.A., of the Geo-
logical Survey of Ireland, whose unrivalled acquaintance with
Irish rocks was always generously placed at our service ; to
Professor Grenville A. J. Cole, M.R.I.A., F.G.S. (to whose
warm sympathy and kindly help our geological section owes
so much), to Professor W. W. Watts, F.R.S., and others, whose
special knowledge made them able to identify the rarer erratics,
and I gladly acknowledge the great assistance thus kindly given.
Immense aid was also obtained from the fine Bibliography of
Irish Glacial Geology3 expressly compiled for this purpose by
Mr. R. Lloyd Praeger, B.E., M.R.I.A.

We have more than a hundred different erratics in our
Club collection; n of these are unquestionably Scotch, io
others may be of Scotch or Northern Irish origin, the remaining
86 being Irish. An erratic of Ballachulish slate is our most
northerly specimen, others from the Clyde Area. Cantyre, and
fragments of fossiliferous Silurian rocks from Girvan carry us
southward to Ailsa Craig, whose unique riebeckite rock is so
widely distributed in our boulder clays. Passing to Ireland,
we find fragments from the primary rocks of North Antrim,
Derry, and Tyrone, others from Cultra, Castle Espie, the Coasts
of Down, and from, Armagh, joining the icy procession until we
reach in the pretty pink eurite found near Annalong our most
southerly parent rock.

A remarkable change has come over geological thought
with regard to the glacial period in the dozen years that have
elapsed since our section commenced its work ; gradually the
controversy as to1 the origin of our drifts has died away, as the
conception of a vast ice sheet from, various confluent sources
moving over our islands, grinding solid rocks, picking up and
transporting fragments of every material met in its progress,
transforming the surface of the country by erosion and deposi-
tion, became widely accepted. The issues to be studied were

3. A Bibliography of Irish Glacial and Post-glacial Geology. By R-
Lloyd Praeger, B.E., B.N.F.C. Proc. 1895-6.

1905-1906.]

323

also vastly simplified, resolving themselves chiefly into the
transport of erratics as indications of the directions of ice-flows •
t e presence or absence of marine organisms' remaining an
important factor m differentiating between ice-sheets of inland
and transmarine origin.

Let us pass in imagination backwards over an unknown but
vast number of centuries to a period when Arctic conditions
p e vailed over Northern Europe, and mighty confluent fields of
ice slowly travelled onward, traversing the North Channel, the
yde, and the Irish Sea, grinding out deep troughs in the sea
floor where such an obstacle as Rathlin Island obstructed the
lower layers, enveloping it, Ailsa Craig, and the Isle of Man,
overflowing eastward into England, and entering Ireland west-
ward over the noble promontory of Fair Head, the first in our
list of localities recorded in this summary.

The iceworn summit of Fair Head is strewn with erratics
rom many points of the compass, and strolling further south
we observe many large blocks resting on the cliffs that encircle
urlough Bay Noticing one of schist we ponder on its origin.
Was it torn from a bed of similar rock on the shore many
hundred feet below, or was it borne on ice ao miles across the

over TtTr r rr!CS “ Cantyre’ wh°Se fragment* are shattered
either d Glancing at the tiny handful of pebbles

g thered at random, over Fair Head, which include a. small
rounded fragment of Ailsa Craig, which lies due east, one from
a point near Torr Head to the S.E., a bit of chert, old red
cong omerate, and a peculiar smooth-looking green felsite from
Scotland or North Antrim, we see the significance of studying
the distribution of erratics and the important deductions to be
drawn from their presence on these Ballycastle headlands

Our summary includes 36 localities, and we will follow the
course of the intrusive ice southwards, first considering the dis-
tribution of erratics from Ailsa Craig which are much worn
indrcating severe ice action, even some specimens dredged by
Mr. Welch 40 fathoms deep off Rathlin were ground completely
smooth. It occurred at 26 out of our 36 localities, has been
found round our shores by Mr. Welch at Portrush in sandhills

324

[B.N.F.C.

by Miss Andrews at Portstewart and at Kilkeel, by Mr. H. J.
Seymour, F.G.S., away down at Waterford and Youghal, and
by Messrs. W. B. Wright, B.A., and H. B. Muff, B.A., F.G.S.,
at Whiting Bay and other Coik localities.4

Its absence from io of our localities is worth analysing, as
in some cases this seems to tally with other circumstances sug-
gesting a special period for these deposits. Although none was
found at No. II., a drift-filled valley on Fair Head, fragments
occur as loose drift half a mile away. Gleno, VI., Cave Hill,
XV., and Divis, XIX., are small deposits of very local rocks ;
Wolf hill, XVIII., and Dungannon, XXX., have not been fully
investigated, and Killough, XXXIII., and Bloody Bridge,
XXXV., have special features suggesting that they may be the
product of later local glaciations. Although none was found in
Castle Espie, XXVIII., boulder clay, fragments are frequent as
loose erratics on the shore of Strangford Lough, XXIX., and
Mr. J. O. Campbell found an isolated morsel on Spinkwee moun-
tain in the Moume range. In spite of careful search, Mr. Bell
never found any west of the Bann until this year, when he
picked up a solitary piece on the shore of Lough Neagh, near
Moyola River.

Passing southward to No. III., the esker ridges about
Killagan and Glarryford, we have another very important sign
of an unsuspected iceflow to1 the N.N.W., in the frequent occur-
rence of Templepa, trick rhyolite, the latter place lying some five
and twenty miles S.S.E. W^e found rhyolites also at Bally-
mena, IV., near Cookstown Junction. IX., in boulder clay at
Macedon, on the western shores of Strangford Lough, and away
down at' Newry, XXXIV.

Turning for a moment from, the rhyolite fragments m
Killagan eskers, let us read an extract from Mr. Maxwell Close’s

4. See Geology of Cork and Cork Harbour, Drift Memoir. Geol. Surv.,
1905, p. 105, etc.

Also Proc. Hoy. Dub. Soc., Vol. X., Part 2, p. 269 (1904). Pre-Glacial
Raised Beach. W. B. Wright, B.A., and H. B. Muff, B.A., F.G.S.

1905-1906.'

325

famous paper on the Glaciation of Ireland,5 6 dealing with that
neighbourhood:— “About 3y2 miles from Ballymoney, on the
new road to Coleraine, at Seccaun Quarry, smoothings and
stnations, N.W. by W., were found by me on basalt. It was
impossible to say in which direction the grinding agent moved
along the lines. . . . Near Cullybackey at the distance of

about of a mile on the road to Ballyconnelly Cross-roads,
stnations may be seen at a basalt quarry, N.N.W. Also on the
same rock at the very cross-roads, r mile S.W. of Cullybacky
a good example. These are parallel to the others, but it
must be confessed they rather look as if the grinding move-
ment were towards the N.N.W. This, however, I suppose,
must be impossible.” Writing to Mr. Close some three years
ago, I mentioned our discovering rhyolites at Ballymena and
Killagan, to which he replied : — “I am interested and pleased to
know what you tell me of the northward movement of frag-
ments of Templepatrick rhyolite, which confirms my reading of
those striations to which you refer.” This is the second time
that our glacial researches have proved the remarkable acute-
ness of Mr. Close s reading of glacial striae,^

Passing Ballymena, IV., we reach at Kilwaughter, V., and
Gleno, VI., our only two localities where drift rests directly
upon chalk, the former at an altitude of 500 feet,, yielding only
3 Ailsa and 2 Bauxite erratics amongst a crowd of dolerite,
basalt, and cretaceous fragments. Gleno at 300 feet being a
totally different deposit, crowded at its. base with Liassic frag-
ments, its upper portion stratified, with unusually angular
stones. Probably the basalt along this easterly coast has been
stripped off the chalk by the impact of ice, as well as over
Islandmagee, where magnificently glaciated surfaces of lime-
stone are sometimes exposed in the quarry opposite Maghera-
morne ferry, and our members are familiar with the ice-ground

5. Notes on the General Glaciation of Ireland. By the Rev. Maxwell

Close. Journ. Roy. Geol. Soc. Irel., Vol. I., Part 3, p 215

6. Note on “ Glacial Geology of Kerry/’ by Miss Sydney M. Thompson.

The Irish Naturalist, Vol. VIII., No. 3, p. 61, 1899.

326

[B.N.F.C.

layers of basalt capped by boulder clay in the less-exposed face
of the great Magheramorne Quarry.

At Cloughfin, immediately north of Black Head, we have
boulder clay resting on Trias about 50 feet above the open
sea, and, as might be expected, we have a very varied series of
erratics, including slate from Ballachulish, felsite from the
Clyde, Cushendun, and Torr rocks, Ailsa rock, syenite from
Slieve Gallion, ironstone nodules from Lough Neagh, granite
from Slieve Croob, and three fragments of the porphyry dyke
at Bloody Bridge, near Newcastle, nearly 50 miles south of
Cloughfin.

Just inside the mouth of Belfast Lough, near Whitehead,
we find an interesting difference in the list of erratics at
Cloghanport ; this deposit is only 4 or 5 miles from Cloughfin,
but is much more limited in range. No rocks from south or west
occur, Ailsa, Torr Head, and Cushendun furnishing the most
distant boulders. Amongst the 339 erratics listed, 24 were from
Ailsa Craig. We may group Ballyholme, near Bangor, with
these two' seaside localities, and note abundant pebbles of Ailsa
and eight undoubtedly Scotch rocks, including a Silurian shale
from Girvan, containing a fossil trilobite.

Retracing our steps inland to a group about Lough Neagh, with
Drumsough IX. (near Cookstown Junction) and Cranfield Point,
X., on its north, the glacial gravels of Antrim,, XI., and Glenavy
and Crumlin, XVII., on its eastern shore, we still find erratics
from Cantyre, the Clyde, Cushendun, and Slieve Gallion, adding
granites from Pomeroy in Co. Tyrone, as we descend eastward
to Woodburn Glens, XII., anl arrive at Greenisland, where our
survey first commenced its labours with such a surprising list
of travelled rocks.

Once more we ascend the basaltic plateau, search-
ing, at Mr. Wright’s request, for the highest attainable
boulder clays, visiting the great quarry behind Carnmoney
Church, and extracting with difficulty the boulders un-
usually firmly bedded in the clay. Here we came upon chert,
carboniferous limestones, and shales that have probably
travelled 40 miles across the plateau from the Ballycastle coal-

1905-1906.]

327

fields. Subsequently we ascended the Cave Hill, and found a
small deposit in the hollow behind M'Art’s Fort, more than a
thousand feet above the sea, containing erratics of flint and
several foraminifera, but the loftiest record fell to Mr. Stewart,
who discovered fossiliferous boulder clay between 1,300 and
1,400 feet on Divis Mountain!7 8

In the recent geological survey memoir of the drifts around
Belfast, published in 1904, we are told of Lake Belfast, 8 a vast
expanse of fresh water, formed during the waning of the glacial
period by flood waters from melting ice in the Lagan Valley
dammed back by a barrier of ice that still existed across the
head of our present Lough. The waters of this lake escaped
y the Dundonald Valley, emptying themselves into Strangford

3 „ The Sravel PJt at Longhurst, XXVI., Neill’s Hill,
XXI Morrison’s Sandpit, XXIII., and other deposits of Dun-
onald Valley, XXIV., all belong to this late glacial period
Possibly these southerly floods bore along much floating ice
winch may partially explain the occurrence of many rocks from
he Mourne districts in the Belfast drifts, in the Dundonald
sands and gravels, and along the wave-worn boulder clays of
Strangford Lough, where they are mingled with granites from
omeroy, Slieve Gallion, and Slieve Croob, rhyolite from Tard-
ree an eurite from Annalong, one unique specimen embedded
in boulder clay at Castle Espie, XXVIII., being identified by
. enry as a primary conglomerate occurring in Cavan,
Monaghan, and Armagh, We found Castle Espie limestone as
an erratic southward as far as Killough, where our geological
sec mn eld a pleasant Christmastide excursion in 1897. This
Killough deposit of stiff boulder clay and conglomerate, partially
urne to calcrete, occurs close to Silurian rocks, whose splendid
g aciation disappears below the waves; yet no microzoa were
found in the clay from this section, although the spray is

7. The O« ot Boulder Clay on Divis. Proc. B.N.F.C. (2), IV.. p.

8. The G-O3p°%tte60ountry Around Belfast. Mem. Geol. Surv. Irel.

328

[E.N.F.C.

actually beating upon its face. Is it, perhaps, the deposit of
more recent inland glaciers during the waning of the “West
British ice,” believed by Mr. Lamplugh to- have reached its
maximum earlier, and to have shrunk more rapidly than the
Hibernian ice? Loose erratics at the foot of these clay cliffs
included carboniferous limestone from Armagh, which lies almost
due west, with sundry rocks from Slieve Croob and Slieve
Gallion, confirming Mr. Close’s observation of N.W. by westerly
glacial movements in the Comber and Killyleagh districts. The
geological survey memoir just alluded to mentions certain
striae running east and west in this district,9 although the chief
grinding movement seems to have been from N.N.W. to S.S.E.
Mr. Kilroe believes these E. and W. striae to denote an earlier
ice movement from the east, but the absence of microza in
Killough section seems to' me almost a conclusive proof that it
was not deposited by transmarine ice.

I referred before to the importance of examining drift
deposits for marine organisms, and microzoa formed our chief
reliance owing to the remarkable scarcity of shells in our N.E.
drifts ; they only occurred sparsely at 9 of our 36 localities. I
once visited the celebrated glacial cliffs of Killiney, near Dub-
lin, with Mr. Praeger, and easily collected more shell fragments
in an hour than in seven years work round Belfast; a useful
warning against conclusions drawn only from a single district.

The presence of stones bored by marine plants or animals
is another test used to1 distinguish submarine deposits. Of
these we only found two, one at Cloghanport and one at
Greenisland.

The relative proportion of underlying rocks and erratics
was another point recorded. Glacialists are well aware that in
many drift deposits none of the subjacent rock occurs, although
it may be found further on in the line of movement ; also that
in Eskers, which usually rest on boulder clay (frequently pass-
ing imperceptibly into it at their upper ends) erratics are usually
carried further afield than in those contained in the boulder

9. Opus cit., p. 97.

1905-1906.]

329

clays upon which the Esher rests. Hence the value of these
records. At Greenland we counted 300 boulders, each 100
taken at random, from a different level in the section : all were
erratics, and the proportion in which they occured varied in a
definite ratio for each level— 100 at Castle Espie, similarly
pro\ed to be all erratic boulders. In the Black Mountain deposit,
discovered by Mr. Bell, the only place I have seen in our
district with distinct upper and lower boulder clays (the latter
being so1 hard that hammer and chisel were required to extract
ita stones), 270 out of 274 were erratics; at Cloghanport 331
out of 339, with percentages at other localities varying down to
17 per cent, at Carnmoney and Bloody Bridge, XXXV. The
latter has been considered a, moraine deposit, and contained
only a few travelled rocks, including a fragment of the
porphyry dyke on the shore, 100 feet beneath, but no chalk nor
flints were found in it.

Another point noted in our schedules is the frequent oc-
currence of some erratics and rarity of others. Of 107 varieties
we found 26 at Dromore, XXXI., 27 at Ballyholme, 28 at
Cloughfin, 33 at Newry, and 44 different rocks — almost 40 per
cent, of the total list of rock varieties in the brickfields round
Belfast, 10 out of 44 being isolated records of erratics, not as
yet found elsewhere, showing the value of patient, persistent
investigation, such as Mr. Bell devoted to them. Glacialists
who may wish to study the matter more fully are referred to the
tables accompanying this summary, and can examine our valu-
able list and collection of erratics at the Museum and the
manuscript schedules with detailed descriptions of localities
investigated.

When commencing work, we were frequently assured that
we would, never find erratics north of their place of origin. Our
experience does not at all bear out this assertion, which
postulates a simple, southward ice-flow, and omits to reckon,
with radiating local systems of glaciation that may have per-
sisted over high ground prior to, and long after, the great
central plain of Ireland and the Irish Sea were free from solid
ice. A scrutiny of the tables giving the compass direction of

330

[B.N.F.C.

parent localities of definitely-recognised erratics shows a sur-
prisingly frequent mixture of southern rocks, even in our most
northerly districts.

In the drift memoir already referred to (p. 87) Mr. W. B.
Wright suggests that our records of Mourne granite may be
really due to the presence of a closely similar Arran rock found
by him in drift on the basaltic plateau. Our Mourne erratics,
however, include various dykes identified by Mr. M‘Henry as
Tertiary intrusions in the Mourne range, one of the most
distinctive being a pink eurite which he locates near Annalong.
This we found in many brickfields round Belfast, in several
places in Dundonald Valley, and on the shores of Strangford
Lough. Our S.S.W. record is a large composite block of grit
and Slieve Croob granite, weighing about 9 tons, discovered by
Miss Andrews and Mr. Stewart on Rough Island, near the
northern extremity of Strangford Lough, 18 miles distant from
its home.

In connection with this question of drift from the south,
which suggests, a gradual amelioration of the local climate, I
must not omit referring to an ox skull and vertebra and frag-
ments of wood found by Mr. Bell in apparently undisturbed
boulder clay at Springfield brickyard in 1895, an inch and half
of horn protruded from the clay seven feet below the surface.
The fragments were submitted to Professor Haddon, F.R.S.,
and Mr. E. T. Newton, of Jermyn Street Museum.10 Mr.
Stewart and I subsequently visited the spot with Mr. Bell, and
collected a bag of clay from the point where the bones were
found, which was examined by Mr. Wright, but did not yield
any marine organisms. When we recall the faunal conditions
of Arctic regions in the present day, where the ice age still
prevails, there seems no inherent impossibility in the coeval
existence of animal life and many local icefields. Mr. Maxwell
Close, Professor King, and many other geologists believed that
the West of Ireland was relatively higher during the glacial

10. Proc. B.N.F.C. Report of Geol. Section. Miss Sydney M. Thompson
(1895-6). p. 304.

1905-1905.

331

with°thphan f4 1PreSe.nt’ and lts western shores conterminous
recen dred°° T °f SOundin^ belief sanctioned by
whose m ^ °Ur WeStern C°aSt °n 3 muddy Pbteau, on
Jr Art many D°negal b0ulders close *> ‘he edge of

bv tf T A P°St-glacial Nation followed, indicated

e el esker^d8 ^ ” Sh°reS’ wMe ^cial and

. . ke” disappear beneath the waves of to-day. May we

imagine these traces of land-ice and land-bogs to be com

temporaneous during that post-glacial elevation, which some

geologists consider was sufficiently great to connect Ireland with

England and permitted the re-peopling of our island by

animals from the less severely glaciated sister land ?

In compiling this summary of the Club’s recent glacial
work, I have felt strongly the lack of more thorough famfliarity
with Similar work m other countries than is possible for those
residing at a distance from great scientific libraries. When our
work commenced in r893, Ailsa erratics had been found for the
first time m Ireland by Professor Cole, and we can still recall
the warm interest excited by our first schedule handed in at the
British Association meeting at Oxford in 1894, when its frequent
occurrence m our drifts was mentioned. Ours was the first report
ever received from Ireland by that Committee during its exist-
ence of fully 20 years. Our Club’s Annual Proceedings have
also furnished the Geological Survey with many useful data for
eir drift memoir, showing the value of careful local records, and
the patient accumulation of details only possible to residents in a
oca lty. The corresponding assistance rendered to local work-
ers by such a memoir, which correlates our own observations
with a wide experience of drift deposits in other parts of our
islands is also inestimable.

We have proved the ubiquitousness of Ailsa rock, and the
frequent occurrence of other Scotch erratics, whose presence at
Belfast was noted by Messrs. Bryce and Hyndman in 184 r.a
We have established the unexpected occurrence of rocks many
miles north of their parent locality, and traced many trains of

11. Beport on the Geology of Londonderry. Tyrone, and Fermaua-h

By J. E. Portlock, F.R.S. Appendix, p. 738.

882

[B.N.F.C.

-erratics across the land ; but some field work is still needed to
connect distant records with our own neighbourhood.

Let us compare the north-westerly occurrence of Temple-
patrick rhyolite (see ante , p.824 ) and frequent chalk and flint
from Malin to Inishowen Head, recorded by Mr. Close and Mr.
Harte,12 in conjunction with evidences of an ice-movement
northwards of Inishowen Peninsula. Professor Carvill Lewis,
when visiting Ireland in 1885 to compare British with American
glaciation, wrote13:— “My ideas concerning glaciation have now
been completely revolutionised. I came to Ireland, expecting
to find it glaciated from the north. I find instead a complicated
system of ice streams. A Scotch sheet invaded the eastern
corner of Ireland, going down to Belfast. The ice-sheet of the
interior radiated off in all directions.” Again, when driving
from Buncrana towards Malin, he describes “evidences of a
great stream of ice moving north and east out of this valley.
Slieve Snaght and the adjoining hills, together with this water-
shed, formed a great snowfield. Did the whole ice-sheet of
Ireland move out on this watershed, or did it only drain a local
snowfield? The watershed is 500 feet high.” Mr. Close’s
N.N.W. ice-stream was moving to meet this one at Malin on the
other side of the same watershed. Coupling these facts with
the rarity of Ailsa rock west of the Bann and the proximity of
the great Sperrin range of mountains, where Mr. Kilroe has
recorded evidence of a glacial movement south-eastward,14 seems
to suggest a Sperrin ice-stream meeting the Scottish ice and a
lobe diverging N.-west, bearing rhyolites and Ailsa with it. To
ascertain the truth of this purely speculative hypothesis by in-
vestigating deposits between Killagan and Malin Head should
be a fascinating bit of work. Although the main mass of the
intruding ice moved southward, pressing on the Mourne moun-
tains as it received fresh streams from the heights to the west of

12. On the Post-Tertiary Geology of Co. Donegal. By William Harte.

Journ. Roy. Geol. Soc. Ireland.. II., 30-67 (read 1867), 1871.

13. Glacial Geology of Great Britain and Ireland. By the late Henry

Carvill Lewis, M.A., F.G.S. Longmans, Green & Co. (1894), p. 118.

14. Directions of Iceflow in the North of Ireland. T.I.G.S., XLIV., 827-

833 (1888).

1905-1906. j

383

Lough Neagh, passing down the centre of Ireland, sending off
side-currents into Carlingford Bay and north of Howth on its

^’a,mr stream Probably reached Galway as suggested in
Mr. Kilroe’s paper, a supposition interestingly supported by the
discovery by Mr. J. O. Campbell during our Club’s visit in 1896
of an Antrim flint on one of the Aran Islands in Galway Bay
Mr. Kilroe informs me that Antrim, flints have a good distribu-
tion westward, and he recently found one in coarse sandy
alluvium m Co.. Limerick, which must have travelled west in ice
and down the Shannon valley, probably in river drift In
response to my mention of the N.N.W. rhyolite erratics he
wntes 1 - ~t’AU I have seen of the drifts since my original paper
on the Ulster ice-flow has confirmed me in the opinion that
there must have been an overwhelming flow . . . from

Scotland over Ulster, and that this was followed by a flow
northward and southward from Hall’s axis of Irish distribution
perhaps N. by W . in Antrim, northward through Co Derry
and N.N.E. through Donegal. I should not say that this
northerly flow or any part of it constituted part of the over-
whelming Scottish ice, though materials carried westward by
the latter may have been subsequently carried northward and
southward from the region indicated by Hall, extending from
South Antrim to Galway.” Our own observations incline me
to question whether the Scottish ice swept westward over
Donegal as Mr. Kilroe indicates, but these points are purely
personal speculations to be refuted or confirmed by further
investigation.

In conclusion I cannot speak too warmly of the fascination
of erratic-hunting, and the triumphant joy of bringing home a
handful of unfamiliar fragments ; of many pleasant days spent
m the open-air along the shore or on breezy hillsides, till the
icefields of the past became living realities to us, and we almost
seemed to share in their irresistible onward movement. Neither
can I conclude without a grateful reference to the many un-
dying friendships cemented by mutual tastes and mutual toil
and study that will ever cluster round the memory of our
pleasant Field Club Excursions !

!3!

VI

XIV

XLV

XXXIV

\ \ \ I
XVI
SIX
XXIX
XXII

XXXV

XXV

xm

X V 1 1

XLII

Will

XXXVI

XXVIII

Fair Head

Bally voy and Cnlhame (Ballycastle)
Killagan and Olarryford . .

I '.l I I \ 1 1 ICl III

Kilwaughtcr (Larne)

Cranllold Point, N. shore, Lough Neagh
Antrim Gravels, near Antrim Station
Woodburn Glens, Carrlckfergus
Greenisland Station
Qnarry behind Caramoney Church
Cave Hill (McArt’s Fort)

Ballyholme, Bangor
Crumlin and Glenavy, E. shore of Lough Neag
Wolfhill and Llgoniel, Belfast
Dlvis Mountain . .

Black Mountain
Brickfields round Belfast
Neill’s Hill

Mori Ison 's Sand Pit, Dundonnld Station
Ballyoran and Carrowreagh
Colin Glen

Longhurst, Dunmurry
Island Hill and Rough Island. N -W. shore
Lough
Castle Espie

W. shore of Strangford Lough

Dungannon

Dromore

Armagh

Tyrone

Down

Armagh

1,300 to 1,4(
600
30-220

Sea level
39

Sea level

Sea level
90
100

Sea level and

Trias

Basalt

Trias

Carboniferous
Silurian
Carboniferous
Silurian

s and g
b e, s and g

Derived Fossils.

Cret

Carb, Lias, Cret
Cret

Cret

Sil, Carb, Lias, Cret

Cret

Lias

Carb (Castle Espie)

Relative Proportion of

Shells

Shells

For and Ostra
None
For (May, 1906)

For (very rare)

Abbreviations Types of Drift— Is d— loose, stoney drift ; b c— boulder clay ; s— sand; g— gravel.

Compass direction In which the parent rock of erratics Ilea, taken from tho localities whore such
erratics were fouud.

W.N.W.j

N.W.

N, N.W.

N.

N.N-E. 1

1 N.E.

E.N.E.

E.

E.8.E.

|„

S.S E.

S.

S.S w.

s.w,

W.8.W,

Ino,

8

1

8

1 1

1 J
1

'g

’•

::

3

*2

2

3

1

2

1

I?

1 2 1

7

12

1

8

2

18

*i

2

9

81

*8

1

i

8

\l

;i

17

18

20

1

6

3

g

1

1 ::

3

22

28

•i

6

2

1 ::

1

"i

26

20

2

1

1

27

'l

‘3

2

-1.

1\

29

*3

*

2

1

'i

‘i

32

1 ::

3

10

*i

*2

84

1 ■■

‘i

30

I- 2 1

14

26

os

10

47

3

2

11

8

14

1

2

Shells.— frag— fragmentary,

Microzoa.— For-foraminifera ; Ostra— Ostracoda. Blanks indicating that the drifts of that locality have not yet been examined. “ None "—that drifts were examined and none found
The relative proportion of erratics was ascertained from boulders of all sizes taken at random and counted.

The Compass direction is only given for erratics, whose parent rock is definitely ascertained, excluding rocks found in situ in more than one locality.

1905-1906.]

THE CARNMONEY CHALCEDONY:

Its Occurrence and Origin.

(With a General Note on the Formation of “Secondary’
Siliceous Minerals in Volcanic Lavas).

By JAMES STRACHAN.

Being an Appendix (No. 8 of Vol. II.) to the Proceedings of the
Belfast Naturalists' Field Club, for 1905-6.

H

886

[B.N.F.O.

THE CARNMONEY CHALCEDONY, ITS OCCURRENCE
AND ORIGIN, (WITH A GENERAL NOTE ON THE
FORMATION OF “SECONDARY” SILICEOUS
MINERALS IN VOLCANIC LAVAS).

BY JAMES STRACHAN.

i. Carnmoney Hill, with its steep escarpment sloping
sharply towards the Belfast Lough, is a prominent and
picturesque feature in the landscape of the country lying to the
North of Belfast. The attention of the geologist is attracted
both by the peculiar shape and the comparatively isolated
position of this Hill, which represents the site of an ancient
volcano, from whose throat, in Tertiary times, poured forth part
of the Upper Basaltic Lava. On the south side of the hill, the
denuded ‘neck’ or ‘plug’ of this old volcano may be traced,
cutting through the Lower Basalt, the Cretaceous, and old<_r
strata. The Upper Basalt and part of the Lower have been re-
moved by denudation, leaving the plugged-up vent, which is
almost one quarter of a mile in diameter. The material of the
neck is a vesicular lava similar in appearance to that of the
doleritic dykes found in various parts of Co*. Antrim. In a
recent Survey Memoir, the following petrological analysis of
this rock is given: — “Under the microscope the rock is a fairly
coarsely crystalline dolerite, containing much magnetite in the
form of opaque, black, and unaltered crystals. The chief
constituents are pale brownish augites and fresh plagioclase
laths (labradorite) intergrown, ophitically with one another.
There occurs also here and there in the sections a more com-
pact or finely crystalline material of similar composition, but
with a large proportion of glass. It is chiefly in this part that
the mineral ‘hullite’ occurs as a brownish or greenish-brown
translucent substance, somewhat like palagonite in appearance,

1905-1906 J

837 1

in the rock Th ^ g irregularlyshaP^ vesicles

“ the rock. The central greenish (chloritic) part is usually

almost isotropic, and is surrounded by a zone of yellowish
brown material, with a fibrous structure and a radial arrange-
ment of the component parts.” °

Professor Hull remarked that olivine was also present in the
tock but according to Professor Cole it is by no means an
abundant constituent of the mass. There is no doubt, how-
ever, think, that m some places the rock approaches the
nature of an olmne-dolerite, and, that in such portions of the

wen60 1 'C m ale °f m°re C°mm0n occurrence than

P ely siliceous ones. To this analysis must also be added

iron pyrites, which appears to be distributed in a very irregular
ashion th roughout the rock. On the whole, it is not a common
onstituent, but occasional fragments of the rock may be found
■containing at least five per cent, of the bright, brass-yellow
f rys als. In the mam, we may freely accept Professor Cole’s
description and nomenclature of the rock as a basaltic-andesite
■or allied to the pyroxene-andesites. Although coarser in
crystalline structure, the basaltic-andesite of Carnmoney is
nearly related to many of the Scottish andesites, which are
compact rocks made up chiefly of labradorite, with a smaller
proportion of augite, and without olivine ; from these lavas are
obtained the finest of the chalcedonies, known as ‘Scotch
pebbles.’

2. The Chalcedony of Carnmoney occurs in large cracks,
or veins, in the rock. These are sometimes as much as twelve
inches in width, and from this, the cavities thin away into a
mere hair’s-breadth. These veins have apparently been formed
during the consolidation of the lava, for the vein-sides are
coated, m all degrees of thickness from a mere film to one inch
with the mineral hullitc, which has been described by Professor
Cole as “the altered and hydrated glass of the original basaltic
ground-mass. ’ As the hot magma hardened, the cooling and
crystallisation of the minerals caused mechanical contracdon to
lake place, resulting in the formation of large cracks into which

888

[B.N.F.C.

the still fluent portion of the lava was secreted, coating the walls
of such cavities with ‘hullite.’ This mineral must now be con-
sidered for a little, because its presence plays an important part
in the structural arrangement of the Chalcedony, and perhaps
in the deposition of the silica, in that form. Hullite is a black
pitch or waxy-like substance, passing in colour to yellow-brown
and red-brown. It is soft (H— 2 to 3) and extremely brittle,
breaking with a smooth, slightly conchoidal fracture. In thin
sections the black specimens show a greenish colour, but a
good deal of the hullite in the cavities and veins is more yellow-
ish-brown and reddish-brown in colour. This mineral has been
described as mammillated and ‘minutely stalactitic, but
‘minutely reniform* or ‘minutely spherical’ would be a better
description, because the ‘stalactites’ of hullite, like those of
chalcedony, have a fibrous structure, and seem to be ‘animated
by a kind of crystalline spinal energy.’ Very rarely these
spherical forms are slightly translucent, and by reflected light
appear to' glow with a fiery amber colour. The thicker
deposits of hullite, coating the sides of the veins in which the
chalcedony occurs, are often cracked and fractured, representing
on a minute scale the larger cracks or veins of the mother-rock.
These small cracks are filled up in the same fashion as the
large veins, with chalcedony and other minerals. In chemical
composition hullite varies, but it might be described as a basic
mineral, composed of aluminium, iron, magnesium, and calcium
silicates, containing about 39 per cent, of silica, and about 13
per cent, of ‘water of hydration.’ It has been placed minera-
logically as ‘near delessite,’ but might be said to occupy a posi-
tion between celadonite and chlorophseite, so far as chemical
composition is concerned. All of these minerals, however, vary
in their composition, and by some mineralogists are not regarded
as definite species. The old-fashioned name of ‘green earth
seems to> be the best title for minerals of this class, although
several are not ‘green,’ and a number not ‘earthy.’ Fifteen
years previous to Professor Cole’s investigation of hullite, the
latter was carefully examined, for the first time, by E. T. Hard-
man and Professor Hull. Hardman came to the conclusion

1905-1906.]

339

the th T t SeC° 7 mmera1, and dassed k as a member of
e chlorito-ferruginous group or green earths. As far back as

the year 1837, however, Dr. Scouler described it as a ‘pitch-

stone, ^ or volcanic glass, and in 1843 General Portlock called

1 an obsidian. It is of interest to trace the history of geo-

ogical opinion concerning hullite from these earliest references

to those of the present day. In the years 1837-1843, it was

regarded as a volcanic glass, which had been exuded into the

“ lava, cooled. About the year 1868 this opinion

UtP^Id bl'1G- V' du N°yer> but ten years later Hardman
departed entirely from this view, as we have already stated
escribing it as a secondary mineral of the green earth variety.’
n 1879, as Professor Cole has pointed out, Dr. Heddle, of St
Andrews, supported Hardman in his claim for the retention of

! aa a definite mineral species. It is here worthy of

notice, that Heddle’s views concerning the origin of such
green earths underwent a complete change; in 1871 he re
garded such minerals as contemporaneous with the last stages of
coohng in the early history of the lavas in which they are
nd whereas in his “Mineralogy of Scotland,” written at a

tion r, Ti f’ u* d6SCribeS the same minerals as decomposi-
tion products of the weathering lava. In the same year (1879)

“ ,au t’ of BeIfast, took up this idea, that hullite was a
thart Ty ,mmera1’ and accounted for its origin by supposing
that it was deposited, along with chalcedony and other siliceouf

necT ‘ S’ n h0t aIkaHne Spri^s wbicb arose in the volcanic

The h ?n§n,arer V C31liC f0rces had sPent their vigour.’
The hot alkaline water acted on the rock sides and penetrated

ground of the rock, dissolving mineral matter from the
mass, and ^-depositing it in the gas-vesicles and veins. In 188;
hullite was again examined, on this occasion by Lacroix, who
also determined it to be a secondary mineral related to the
decomposition-products of olivine. Latterly, in 1895, Professor
Cole reviewed the opinions of Hardman, Hull, Heddle, and
Lacroix, and, setting aside the idea that hullite is a ‘secondary
mineral at all, described it as ‘a basic glass that has become
soft and gummy ’ by alteration.5

840

[B.N.F.C.

3. In considering the above interpretations of observed
facts, we may class the theories for the origin of hullite into
three distinct groups. These are : —

(1) . The Igneous Theory (supported by Scouler, Portlock,

and Du Noyer), that hullite is a glassy substance
like ‘pitchstone’ or ‘obsidian/ and was probably
formed during the last stages of the rock’s solidifying.

(2) . The Mineral Theory (upheld by Hardman, Heddle,

Gault, and Lacroix) that hullite is a ‘secondary
mineral’ of the green earth group, and was probably
formed during the decomposition of the rock, per-
meated by meteoric waters in the ordinary course of
rock-weathering, or by hot alkaline waters of telluric
origin, under special circumstances.

(3) . The Altered-Glass Theory (presented by Professor

Cole) that hullite is ‘the altered and hydrated glass
of the original basaltic ground-mass,’ or ‘a basic
glass that has become soft and “gummy” by altera-
tion;’ it was formed in the first place by igneous
fusion, but has suffered subsequent transforming
changes.

There is no' doubt whatever that Professor Cole is correct
in his surmise as to the identity of the hullite lining the cavities
of the rock, with the material of the ground-mass, but, with all
due respect to' his fine treatment of the subject, I am inclined
to1 doubt that hullite was in the first place simply a volcanic
glass ; I believe that this substance was not only hydrous in its
composition from the first, but that it has not undergone any
extensive alteration since that time. In its original condition,,
and as still found in certain portions of the rock, the hullite
might be more accurately described as a hydrous, waxy sub-
stance, intermediate in its nature between a volcanic glass and
a green earth. Professor Cole compares the alteration of the
original hullite to its present form, to the alteration of basaltic
glass into a green “serpentinous” material ; but, where the hullite
is altered, I believe that the change is mostly a physical one,
and only to a small extent chemical. The resemblance of

1905-1906 ]

341

hullite to a chloritic mineral I regard as an original structure.
It is closely related to the green earths, celadonite and
chlorophseite, which form the 'skin’ of many agates, and which
originated in quite a different manner from the “serpentinous”
green earths; the latter are decomposition-products, and the
former are contemporaneous formations of the lava. Professor
Cole compares the coating of hullite in the vesicles to 'lava-
stalactites’ on a small scale, 'the glassy matrix of the lava having
oozed out under pressure into any cavities it could find;’ but
these 'stalacites’ and spherical crusts of hullite possess a fibrous
structure similar to the reniform or spherical growths of
haematite and chalcedony, and I believe that the hullite was
formed, to a great extent, under the guidance of active crystal-
line forces.. The highly vesicular nature of the rock suggests
the probability that that much water was present in the hot
magma, and that the formation of the hullite was not purely an
igneous action, but rather intermediate between igneous, and
hydro-thermal.

4- The extensive literature concerning hullite has rendered
Carnmoney Neck historic in the annals of mineralogical geology,
but of the chalcedony and other minerals found in the cavities of
the rock, very little has been said or written. The Survey
Memoir, for example, merely mentions the fact that 'a good deal
of chalcedony occurs throughout the mass, and occasionally
fills the vesicles.’ Gault investigated the 'chalcedony and other
siliceous minerals’ generally, but did not give any detailed de-
scription of the type-vein containing them. The typical vein
at Carnmoney consists of three distinct layers, or groups of
layers, more or less intergrown, and representing three con-
secutive stages in the deposition of the mineral matter filling
the vein. These are: —

(1). The Hullite Layer, consisting of hullite in varying
degrees of thickness from, a mere film to a crust,
which is never more than an inch in measurement!
The usual thickness of this mineral is one-sixteenth
to one-eighth of an inch. The hullite coats the

rock-sides, and was the first substance deposited in
the vein.

342

[B.N.F.C.

(2). The Zeolitic and Calcitic Layer, deposited im-
mediately on the surface of the hullite, consists of a
thin layer, occasionally of fibrous zeolites, but gener-
ally composed of calcite. The usual thickness of
this layer is about one-sixteenth to one-eighth of an
inch, and it is mostly much weathered. The
zeolitic parts of this layer appear to consist chiefly
of natrolite, and occasionally this passes into
analcime. Small crystals of chabazite are also to
be found in this portion of the vein. The zeolites
and calcite are rarely found together, but when they
occur thus, the former have been deposited upon
the latter. The thin layer of calcite frequently
develops sporadic crystals of that mineral to %
of an inch in length.

{3). The Chalcedonic Layer, coating the second layer,
and sometimes entirely filling the central portion of
the vein. After a single layer of chalcedony had
been deposited, the large sporadic crystals of calcite
again appeared here and there on its surface.
These crystals in turn became enveloped by a
second, and by succeeding layers of the chalcedony,
and the finest examples of spherical crystalline
growth may be found in the latter. In such in-
stances, there is often in the chalcedony immediately
investing the calcite crystals, a zone of white,
opaque, jaspery material, containing calcareous and
zeolitic matter.

The Carnmoney chalcedony exhibits all the typical
structures of that mineral. In colour it varies from bluish-
white to bluish-grey, the latter being more translucent than the
whiter varieties. A beautiful translucent specimen, with typical
reniform structure, was found to have a specific gravity of
2.582. A section through the reniform chalcedony shows very
well its fibrous and spherically-crystalline arrangement. The
chalcedony is almost entirely composed of these ‘radiate-

1905-1906 j

343

acicular fibres, but it also contains a small quantity of
amorphous silica, perhaps opal. The fibrous structure becomes
very apparent when a polished section is etched with hydro-
fluoric acid. In, many instances the chalcedony passes into
crystallised quartz, which has sometimes an amethystine colour.
Small groups of crystallised iron, pyrites occur sparingly on the
surface of the chalcedony in some of the veins. Between the
first and second layers of the chalcedony a very thin crust of a
green earth, resembling chlorophseite, is sometimes found. The
banded arrangement of the chalcedony, layer upon layer,
parallel to the vein-sides, is often varied by onyx-layers of
milk-opal and wax-opal, perfectly level and apparently formed
under the influence of gravity. A variety of cacholong, com-
posed of opal, with an admixture of zeolitic and chalcedonic-
quartz fibres:, is also found in the onyx-structures of the veins.
Gault has pointed out that one kind of opal found at Cam-
money becomes very strongly phosphorescent when it is pressed
against a revolving grindstone. Tribe-luminescence appears to
be a marked characteristic of both chalcedony and opal. This
phenomena is often observed by those who are accustomed to
polish agates and other siliceous stones.

5- Mineralogical opinion on the mode of formation, or
origin, of the various chalcedonies found in volcanic lavas is
much divided, and on the whole, rather indefinite. One
hundred years ago the early mineralogists regarded the
chalcedony as a contemporaneous product of the lava, in which
it is found. To-day the general opinion, expressed in well-
known text-books on geology and mineralogy, is that the
chalcedony found in the cavities of volcanic lavas is a
decomposition-product of the weathering and decomposing rock.
For example, let us take the common variety of banded chal-
cedony known as ‘agate’ or ‘Scotch pebble.’ * In the old days
Jameson described agate as contemporaneous with the lava in
which it is found embedded. In more recent times Heddle,
who studied agate very carefully, came to the conclusion that
it was purely a decomposition product formed in the ordinary
course of rock-weathering. This view has been stronglv upheld

844

[B.N.F.C.

during the last twenty years by J. G. Goodchild, and to-day we
find a similar opinion in the fine text-book by Professor Miers.

Other writers, still pointing to rock-decomposition as the
source of this ‘secondary silica/ regard it as more or less a
product of ‘solfataric’ action formed soon after the solidifica-
tion of the lava.. But even the standard text-books of geology
are strangely indefinite in their remarks on this subject. The
Carnmoney chalcedony is a very near relation to- the agates
found in the Scottish andesitic lavas, and bearing this in mind,
we may express modern opinion as divided into two classes of
theories concerning the origin of chalcedony in lavas. These
are : —

(1) . The Hydro-thermal or Solfataric Theory. This
theory was applied to the Carnmoney chalcedony by Mr.
Gault, who supposed that, long after the volcano' has spent its
forces, hot alkaline water was poured into the veins and per-
colated through the mass of the rock. These hot springs dis-
solved silica and other substances out of the rock-mass, and
re-deposited them in the cavities and veins. He thus accounted
for the origin, not only of the chalcedony, but also' of the hul-
lite and other minerals. Gault seems to have considered that
a common origin must be sought to- account for the formation
of all the minerals found in the veins.

(2) . The Epigenetic Theory. The theorists of this class
hold that the chalcedony is a decomposition-product formed
during the weathering of the mother rock. Rain-water falls
upon the ground, and passing through the soil, which contains
decaying vegetable matter, becomes charged with carbonic acid
gas, and humic acid, which gives rise to carbonic acid. The
dilute solutions of carbonic acid slowly percolate through the
rock-mass, attacking the silicates, and become charged with
carbonates of the alkalies and alkaline earths, and free silica.
Labradorite, for example, loses sodium and calcium, which are
removed as carbonates, and silica as silicic acid, leaving silicate
of alumina behind in the form of clay. The calcium carbonate
and silica are deposited in such cavities or veins as occur in the

1905-1906.]

345

rock, and the sodium carbonate is supposed to attack fresh
silicates, setting free more silica.

Both of the above theories, it will be observed, depend
upon the decomposition of the mother-rock for the supply of
mineral matter deposited in the veins and vesicles. In the first
case, the action of the hot alkaline waters, aided by carbonic
and hydro-sulphuric acids, is supposed to have been a com-
paratively rapid one; while, in the second theory, the decom-
position of the rock and deposition of the mineral matter in the
cavities by the action of cold, slightly alkaline water, aided by
carbonic and humic acids, is supposed to have extended over
extremely long periods of time. G. Bischof calculated that it
would require no less a time than 1,296,000 years to deposit
one pound weight of amethystine quartz in this fashion.

6. It has been frequently pointed out that trap-rocks and
lavas containing nodules and veins of chalcedony are for the
most part much decomposed. In some cases they are com-
pletely weathered into a. saponaceous green, earth, from which
the chalcedony may be dug out without trouble. Some geolo-
gists go- so far as to1 say that the beauty of the chalcedonic con-
cretions is in direct proportion to the amount of decomposi-
tion suffered by the mother-rock. I have not found this to be
the case as a. general rule. Agate and chalcedony in the un-
altered rock are more difficult to get at, but such specimens are
almost invariably much better than pieces from, the weathered
rock. Indeed, where the rock is very much decomposed, the
chalcedony has also1 suffered changes, being cracked, stained,
and devitrified. This is the case at Carnmoney, for the finest
specimens found there are extracted from the portions, of the
rock that have suffered the least from weathering influences.
Many of the veins, in this rock have suffered so much from
percolating surface-waters that the zeolitic or calcitic layer has
been entirely removed, and the chalcedony lost much of its
native translucency. When such veins are broken open the
chalcedony usually drops out because of the clear space be-
tween it and the rock-sides, and it is often found to be much
weathered.

346

[B.N.F.C.

On, the whole, I feel convinced that such deposits of
chalcedony in volcanic lavas, and this one at Carnmoney in
particular, are contemporaneous formations of the rock, and
that they were formed during the last stages of the lava’s cool-
ing and drying. Furthermore, I am, constrained to believe that
the zeolitic or calcitic layer, and the siliceous contents of these
veins and cavities, owe their origin, not to the decomposition of
the mother-rock, but to the final process of its construction. In
all probability the water present in the hot lava pjayed an
important part in the formation of these minerals. We may
look upon this process of vein-filling in lavas as an example of
the thorough economy so often exhibited in Nature. During
the consolidation of the lava contraction took place, and the
cracks or veins were formed. These were points of weakness
in the rock — real wounds — and Nature immediately set about
their healing. The residual magma — the very life-blood of the
lava we might call it — was secreted into- these rents, impelled
more or less by physical forces, but, nevertheless, continually
guided within itself by active crystalline- energy. The hullite,
calcite, zeolites, and chalcedony were deposited each in its
order, and when the rock was cold and dry these minerals stood
each in its place, and each ready to play its own part as a
necessary portion of the solid earth. There is an unbroken
sequence in the mineral matter from the main constituents of
the lava to- the chalcedony in the centre of the veins. Professor
Cole has shewn that the hullite plays the part of a true ground-
mass in the intercrystalline spaces of the rock. Lacroix ob-
served that the hullite has included in its formation minute
crystals of felspar and magnetite ; also- small crystals of calcite.
The calcite and zeolites follow upon the hullite, and finally the
chalcedony, which in its growth has included crystals of calcite,
and zeolitic matter.

7. That the calcitic or zeolitic layer of the veins is often
much weathered I have already mentioned, and very often, its
former presence can only be inferred from the hollow pseudo-
morphous cavities in the chalcedony. This calcite has in some
cases been re-deposited in other portions of the veins, and

1905-1906.]

547

occasionally minute tufts of zeolites may be found in similar
positions. There is no> doubt that cold, surface-waters, charged
with carbonic acid, can remove calcium carbonate from the
rock, and dissolve existing crystals of calcite, carrying away, in
the form, of bi-carbonate, considerable amounts of that mineral,
and re-depositing it in other places. The formation of zeolites-
from felspar and from existing zeolites takes place in a similar
manner, but tO' a much less extent ‘ and the formation of
chalcedony in this fashion appears to' be a very rare occur-
rence. There is also- no doubt that these reactions, resulting in
the growth of calcite, hydrated silicates, and various forms of
silica, would go on at a much faster rate, and to a much greater
extent, if the cold meteoric waters were replaced by hot alkaline
waters of telluric origin. These actions have their place in
nature ; but when we consider the molten magma from which
certain lavas have been formed, containing water under immense
pressure, and at a temperature far exceeding that of any
solfataric water, we come to the conclusion that the residual
waters of such magmas contained large quantities of silica,
silicates, and carbonates in solution. As the temperature fell,
the dissolved mineral matter would be secreted and deposited
in the veins and cavities, in a definite sequence, according to
the nature of the dissolved elements. It is natural that such
secondary minerals should bear some chemical relation to the
primary rock-forming minerals, because both are formed from
the same magma.

The rock-forming minerals of the Carnmoney basaltic
andesite are augite, labradorite felspar and magnetite. Augite is
composed mainly of calcium, magnesium, aluminium, and iron
silicates, the silica amounting to 47-48 per cent. In the hullite
we find hydrous silicates of the same elements, iron being the
preponderating element. When the water of hydration is
omitted from the analysis the silica amounts to almost 46 per
cent. The primary augite and magnetite have thus a second-
ary counterpart in the hullite. Labradorite is composed of
aluminium, calcium, and sodium silicates ] the silica amounting^
t°‘ 5 2_53 Per cent. In natrolite (the most common zeolite in

848

[B.N.F.C.

this rock) we have a hydrous silicate of aluminium and sodium.
When the water of hydration is omitted from the analysis the
silica amounts to 52 per cent. The natrolite occasionally
passes into analcime, which is a more acid, hydrous silicate of
aluminium and sodium. In these zeolites the aluminium and
sodium silicates of the felspar have a secondary representation,
and the calcium silicate of that primary mineral has its second-
ary counterpart in the calcite and the free silica of the
chalcedony.

8. From this point of view it is evident that we cannot
draw the line very finely between the terms primary and second-
ary, if we regard the former as applied to minerals of igneous
origin, and the latter as applied to minerals of aqueous (hydro-
thermal) origin. In the formation of such rocks, and the
mineral contents of their veins, there is an unbroken sequence
of action from igneous to hydro-thermal, and it is possible that
a mineral might be formed by a process which is neither a
purely igneous one nor purely an aqueous action. We see this
in the case of hullite, which, from one point of view, has been
described as a basic volcanic glass of igneous origin, and from
another as a hydrous green earth of aqueous origin.

There is a certain amount of truth in each aspect, and the
truth in both cannot be reconciled by regarding the hullite, on
the one hand, as a volcanic glass altered to1 a green earth
material, or, on the other, as a member of the green earth family
derived by solution and decomposition from the primary
minerals in the rock. It is more likely that from the beginning
the hullite was by nature both a volcanic glass and a green
earth. Mineralogists do not seem to have made a clear enough
distinction between the two great sources of ‘secondary’ minerals
in lavas — <ist, deposition from' the residual waters of the
molten magma, and 2nd. deposition from percolating waters in
the weathering rock. The action in both cases is an. aqueous
process, and, therefore, there is a great resemblance, often an
identity, between the minerals formed in each way ; but there
is a difference in the time of formation and the quantities
formed. The first action, at a high temperature, is rapid; the

1905-1906.]

349

second, at a low temperature, slow. By the first action such
minerals as the zeolites, chalcedony, and opal are deposited in
large quantities, whereas by the second action these substances
are formed in comparatively small amounts. By the second
process calcium, and magnesium carbonates are often deposited
extensively, because of their easy solubility as bi-carbonates in
cold, meteoric waters, but the deposits of the same minerals from
the hot residual waters of the. cooling lava, are often still more
extensive. In the case of the ‘green earths/ we find that
minerals of this class, which are composed of the extremely
insoluble silicates of aluminium, iron, and magnesium with vary-
ing quantities of the alkaline silicates, are usually the first sub-
stances deposited from, the hot, residual waters of the lava. They
are found almost invariably coating the rock-sides of veins and
vesicular cavities of volcanic rocks. SJlch deposits are not ex-
tensive, because of the insolubility of these silicates. On the
other hand, we find vast deposits of “serpentinous” and
saponaceous green earths formed by the decomposition of
certain lavas. In some cases the whole rock has weathered to
a green earth. This substance consists chiefly of the above-
mentioned insoluble silicates, with small quantities of the
alkaline silicates held chemically-bound in the form of insoluble
double silicates, and is really the residue of the rock, the more
soluble substances having been removed by acid meteoric waters
in the course of weathering. This course is a slow one, and
most of the mineral matter thus removed is carried away in
spring and river waters. Re-deposition on a large scale is rare
in such rocks. When a volcanic rock has suffered from solfa-
taric action, or hydro-thermal metamorphism, such green earths
are also formed, not only as residues through the removal of the
more soluble elements in the rock, but, also where the latter are
re-deposited there is often a re-deposition of the green earths
in smaller quantities.

9. The deposition of mineral matter from, the residual
waters of volcanic magmas, which we have regarded as the
source of the Cammoney chalcedony, accounts for the formation
of the main masses of ‘secondary’ siliceous minerals in the veins

350

[B.N.F.C.

and cavities of most volcanic lavas. We have, for example, the
zeolites in the basalts and dolerites, the agates and chalcedonies
in the andesites and trap-rocks, and also the opals and hyalites
in rocks of acid composition, such as rhyolites.

In describing the formation of the deposits in the typical
Carnmoney vein, I have chosen them as a type of such for two
reasons; firstly, because, as already explained, they exhibit
clearly the continuity between the igneous formation of the
mother-rock and the aqueous formation (hydro-thermal) of the
contained secondary minerals, and, secondly, because, as I now
briefly mention, they show, in beautiful sequence, the law of
order in the separation of secondary minerals in such lavas.
This law may be expressed in the following terms : — With the
fall of temperature in the residual waters of cooling volcanic
lavas there is a sequence of separation in the ‘secondary’
minerals deposited from such waters in the veins and cavities
of the rock. These minerals fall into three groups which are
deposited in the following order: — ist. Hydrous Earthy Sili-
cates, and Oxides (including the green earths, such as Celadon-
ite, Hullite, Chlorophaeite, Delessite, etc., and the Oxides of
Iron and Manganese) ; 2nd. Hydrous Crystalline Silicates and
Carbonates (including the Zeolite family, and the Carbonates of
Manganese, Iron, Magnesium, and Calcium) ; and 3rd, Crystal-
line and Hydrous Silica (including Quartz, Chalcedony, Hyalite,
and Opal). These three groups are frequently intergrown, and
often one, or two, of the groups are not represented at all.

The typical Carnmoney vein exhibits all the three groups
distinctly, and is, on that account, a good type and example of
such formations. As further examples of the working of this
law, I shall now, in conclusion, mention the formation of several
Scottish deposits of chalcedony. The most common type of
chalcedony in the Scottish lavas is the agate with its wonderful
and varied formations. In this case the outer layer is. of green
earth, and is generally composed of celadonite (or celedonite),
chlorophaeite or saponite. Upon this we find the second layer,
which is occasionally of calcite, but commonly of the zeolites,
natrolite, and heulandite. The central portion of the cavity,

1905-1906.]

351

forming the third layer, is the agate proper, which is composed
of chalcedony (of many colours),, ‘white agate,7 cacholong, opal,
and crystalline quartz (usually amethyst), arranged in concentric
or level bands according to the nature of the siliceous material.
The intergrowth of the green earth with the chalcedony pro-
duces the well-known moss-agates ; and of iron-oxide with the
chalcedony produces the equally beautiful jaspers, with their
stellar, flammate, and pseudo-brecciate crystallisations. At
Hillend, on the Pentland Hills (near Edinburgh) an interesting
variation of agate-building occurs in the cavities of an andesite.
The usual green-earth layer is present ; in this case of celadonite
and saponite, and as a second layer, in place of the zeolites, is
a deposit of dolomite, in a beautiful ramifying form, covered by
calcite,, and within the latter is the third layer of chalcedony
(carnelian). A similar sequence of deposition is found in the
agates of Monzie (near Crieff, in Perthshire), described by Mr.
Kerr as ‘amoeboid7 agates. In this case the green earth is not
found at all, but its place is taken by a layer of iron oxide,
upon which the second layer of pearlspar has been deposited.
Within the pearlspar or dolomite is found the third deposit of
siliceous substance, constituting the agate of banded structure,
with various layers of chalcedony, quartz, etc. Mr. Kerr sug-
gests that these nodules have grown from the centre to the ex-
terior, and from within rather than from without ; but there is
little doubt, I think, that these growths have been formed ac-
cording to the sequence laid down in the above-mentioned law,
and that the ‘hollow spherical depressions7 on the exterior of
the Monzie type of agate, revealed by the weathering, or etching
away of the exterior layers of iron oxide and pearlspar. are
exactly analogous to the hollow pseudomorphous cavities on
the exterior of the Carnmoney chalcedony.

352

[B.N.F.O.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE.

Figure I. — Typical specimen of chalcedony from Carnmoney
Neck, showing the characteristic reniform or spherical
crystallisation of the mineral ; the section through the
spherical concretion to the right shows the central
crystal of calcite invested by a zone of white zeolitic
chalcedony.

Figure II. — Exterior surface of chalcedony from Carnmoney,
showing the hollow pseudomorphous cavities formerly
occupied by calcite and zeolites.

Figure III. — Typical vein of banded chalcedony from Carn-
money, showing a portion of the rock with the usual
thin layer of calcite and hullite between the former
and the latter. This structure is most clearly seen,
where a small quantity of hullite is almost completely
surrounded by the chalcedony. The thin white layer
between the dark hullite and the chalcedony is com-
posed of calcite.

AUTHORITIES AND REFERENCES.

Bischof, Prof. G., 1854. Fehrbuch d. Chem. GeoF — Referred
to on the growth of quartz from solution. Vol. III.,
p. 636.

Cole, Prof. G. A. 1895. “Hullite.” — Froc. Belfast Flat.
Field Club. Series II. Vol. IV., pp. 221-225.

Gault, W., 1879. ‘On the mode of occurrence and probable
origin of the Hullite and other siliceous minerals
found in the volcanic neck of Carnmoney,’ etc. —
Froc. Belfast Nat. Field Club. Series II. Vol. I.,
PP- 353-357*

Geikie, Sir A., 1897. ‘The Ancient Volcanoes of Great
Britain.’ Vol. II,, pp. 272-3.

TProc. B.N.F.C., 1905-1906.]

SPECIMENS OF CAPNMONEY Ch^LCEDONy.

1905-1906.]

358

Goodchild, J. G., 1899. ‘On the Genesis of Some Scottish
Minerals.’ — Proc. Royal Physical Soc. Edin. Re-
ferred to on the origin of the green earths, zeolites,
and chalcedony, pp. 1 90-201 of Vol. XIV.

Hardman, E. T. and Prof. E. Hull, 1878. ‘On Hullite. A
hitherto undescribed mineral, etc. ; and ‘Notes on
the Microscopical Appearance’ (by E. Hull). — Proc.
Royal Irish Acad. Series II. Vol. III., pp. 161-167.

Heddle, Prof. M. F., 1871. Letter to' Jos. J. Murphy, Esq.,
of St. Andrew’s, on the origin of the minerals in agate
cavities.

1901. ‘ The Mineralogy of Scotland .’ — Referred

to on the origin of agate and chalcedony, green
earths, and zeolites. Vol. I., pp. 58-62 : on

chlorophseite, hullite, kirwanite, celadonite, etc,
Vol. II., p. 144, et seq. (Note — Edited by J. G.
Goodchild).

Jameson, Prof. R., 1816. ‘A System of Mineralogy .’ — Referred
to as an old authority on the origin of chalcedony
(Vol. I., p. 205) and agate in lavas (Vol. I., pp.
268-269).

Judd, Prof. J. W., 1896. ‘ The Students Lyellt — Referred to
as a modern text-book (geological) authority on the
origin of zeolites, chalcedony, etc., in lavas. Pp.
458“459-

Kerr, W., 1902. ‘Note on Agate Specimens from Monzie.’ —
Trans. Edin. Geol. Soc. Vol. VIII., pp. 237-239.

1904. ‘The Amoeboid Agates of Monzie, near
Crieff.’ — Trans. Perth. Soc. Nat. Science. Vol. IV.,
pp. 21-24.

Lacroix, M. A., 1885. ‘Sur le Kirwanite et le hullite.’ — Bull.
Soc. Min. de Trance. Vol. VIII., p. 432.

Miers, Prof. H. A., 1902. Mineralogy.'1 — Referred to as a
modern text-book (mineralogical) authority on the
origin of chalcedony (pp. 380-381), and zeolites

(p- 483)-

854

[B.N.F.C.

Survey Memoirs, Geological.

1876. ‘ Country around Antrim , Larne, and

Carnckfergus P. 30 (E. Hull).

1904. * Geology of the Country around Belfast .

P. 43, and pp. 142-3 (H. J. Seymour).

Strachan, J., 1902. ‘Notes on Some Agates from the Pent-
lands (Hillend )?— Trans. Edin. Geol. Soc. VoL
VIII., p. 220.

The following Pubhcati07is of the Club can be had
from the Librarian.

Seventh Annual ReporL-1869-70, containing Appendix I., Lh>t of

the Irish Liassic Fossils— late, 1 Plate ... ... ••• /

Eighth Annual Report-1870-71, containing Appendix II., Lurt of
Irish. Liassic Foraminifera— Wright ; and List of the lossils
of the Estuarine Clays of Antrim and Down— Stewart ... ip

Ninth Annual Report — 1871-72

Proceedings — Series II., VvLV, Part I., 1873-4, containing' Appendix

III.” List of Mosses of North-East of Ireland — Stewart ; and List
of Cretaceous Microzoa of North of Ireland— Wright, 2 Hates
Series II.,Vol. I., Part II., 1874-75

” „ III., 1875-76 •••

IV., 1876-77, containing Appendix IV.,
Recent Foraminifera of Down and Antrim Wright, 1 Plate ,
and Silurian Rocks of County Down— Swanston and L,ap-

WSeries Il^Volf I. , Parts V.' and Vl.','l877.78 a„d ’78-''79 (in one)'

” Part VII. ,1879-80, containing Appendix V.,

List’of Post-tertiary Foraminifera of North-East of Ireknd—
Wright; and List of Mollusca of lioulder Clay of North-East
of Ireland— Stewart ... ••• vj"

Series II., Vol. 11.. Part I., 188t 81 containing Appendix \ I.,

” List of Foraminifera of South Donegal— VV right ; Sponge
Remains from Carb. Limestone, County Sligo— Wright, and
Fossil Sponge -spicules, County Shgo—L’arter, 1 llate
Series II., Vol. II., Part 11., 1881 82 ...

,J }> III., 1882 83, containing Appendix V II.,

” Supplemental List of Mosses of the North-East of Ireland—

SSeTiai\l , Vol. II., Part IV., 1883-84, containing Appendix
” VIII Notes on Irish Coleoptera— Haliday ; Cromlechs of
Antrim and Down-dray, 12 Plates; and Pre-hrstonc
Monuments near Sligo — Eleock, 4 Plates ... ... •••

„ Series II., Viol. II., Part V., 1884-85, contain^ Appendix IX.,

Ostracoda of Belfast Lough-Malcomson ; Furfgi of North of
Ireland— Lett ; Foraminifera of “ 1 roteidor
Wright; Cretaceous Foraminifera of Ke&dy Hill— Wright ,
Trish Coleoptera — Patterson ••• . ••• ■;*

' Series II., Vol II.. Part VI., 1885-86, containing Appendix
” X The Ferns of Ulster— Phillips and Praeger ...

„ Series II., Vol. II., Part VII. , 1886-87, containing Appendix

II. Notes on the Sections exposed at the Alexandra Dock
Belfast, with. List of Fossils, 1 Plate— Praeger
Series II., Vol. III., Parr I., 1887-88, containing Appendix
” nx. Marine Shells of the North of Ireland Praeger

Series II., Vol. III., Part II., 1888-89 ... ••• •••

” e > , „ hi. ^ 1889-90, containing Report of

Larne Gravels Committee, 2 Plates
„ Series II., Vol. III., Part IV., 1M0-91 . ••• ;;;

” ” Vl! 1892-93

2/6

V-

1/-

2/6

1/-

2 1-

1/6

v-

• 1/-

3/-

3/*
2/-

2/-

Index

Series II., Vol. IV .

Vol. V.

Part L , 1893-94, containing Appendix IV.

V.

VI.

11., 1894-95,

111., 1895-96.

IV. 5 1896-97,

V., 1897-98,

VI., 1898-99,

VII i 1899-1900, 1900-01, in one
Parts I. & II., 1901-02, 1902-03 „

Part III., 1903-04

„ IV., 1904-05 ... .... •••

V. 1905-06, with Appendices VII.

” ’ and VIII. 2/-

2/-

V-

2/-
1/-
1/-
2/*
6d
2 /-
2/-
2/-
1/-

ifc

2/-

2/-

1/-

V-