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20
LECTURES.
The following Evening Lectures have been delivered in
the Theatre of the Museum and Festival Concert Room : —
IN TEE MUSEUM:
April 19th. On “ Animal Intelligence.” By Professor G. J.
Romanes, LL.D., F.R.S.
May 17th. On “Light and Colour.” By Professor Garnett,
M.A , D.C.L.
Nov. 5th. On “ Pygmy Race's of Men.” By Professor W. H.
Flower, C.B., LL.D , F.R.S.
Nov. 14th. On “Social Progress of Women during the last 100
years.” By Mrs. Fawcett.
IN THE CONCERT ROOM:
Dec. 6th.
Dec. 12th.
On the “Forth Bridge.”
M. Inst , C.E.
On “A Naturalist’s holidav in
t/
By Benjamin Baker,
Australia.” Bv Dr. J.
E. Taylor, F.L.S., F.G.S.
The following papers were read :
March 6th “ On the discovery of Terebratula Risinuata in the
London Clay of Catisfield, Hants.” By I. F. Walker,
Esq., M.A.
June 5th. “ On the occurrence of Ananchytes ovatus ( Echinocorys
vulgaris ) in the Margate Chalk.” By J. F. Walker,
Esq., M.A.
Dec. 4th. “ On the distribution of the Spinose Rhynclionellas and
the occurrence of Rhynchonella spinulosa (var : file yens is)
in the Lower Calcareous Grit of Filey.” By J. F.
Walker, Esq, M.A., and S. S. Buckman, Esq., F.G.S.
NEW MEMBERS ELECTED.
Adams, M. J., Chapter House Street.
Anderson, Robert, Coney Street.
Anderson, F. H., Shewford , House, Fid ford.
Ankers, John, 86, Gillygate.
Bailey, Arthur, 4, East Mount R.oad.
21
Baldwin, Bev. G. W. De Conroy, Lord Mayor's Walk.
Balm ford, Walter, South Esplanade.
Bateman, Hinton, Blossom Street.
Biscomb, J., Tower Street.
Biscomb, T., Peclceit Street.
Brentnall, F., Fisher gate.
Brown, George, 64, Monhgate.
Buckle, Bobert, High Ousegate.
Bullivant, M. B., Feasgate.
Carter, Bev. E. S., Precentor's Court.
Carter, Edwin, 32, Gillygate.
Chambers, Gore, Ivy Cottage , Fisher gate.
Glutton, W. J., The Mount.
Coates, W. II. Addison, Davy gate.
Colson, C. G., 15, Bootham Terrace.
Cookson, B. E., Settrington Mouse.
Cotterell, George, Feversham House, Bootham Stray.
Croft, George, 26, James Street.
Dale, John, Museum Street.
Demaine, I., Michlegate.
Dennis, G. C., Tower Street.
Dodgson, Walter, St. Sampson's Square.
Fair weather, John T., Nun Mill House.
Feltoe, B. H., The Limes, Heworth.
Gaunt, Charles Edwin, Coney Street.
Halliwell, Frederick Wm., Be Grey Rooms.
Harding, George, High Ouse gate.
Hartley, B. H., 25, Mary gate.
Hepper, William, 61, Bishopthorpe Road.
Hey, Miss, 72, Bootham. '
Hitchcock, 0. K., The Asylum, Bootham.
Hoyle, Miss Sarah, St. Sampson's Square.
King, Henry, St. Peter's Grove.
Kirby, George, 3, Coney Street.
Leetham, Henry Ernest, 2, Friar's Terrace.
Leetham, Sidney, 73, Monhgate.
MacKay, Donald, Mount Villas.
Moiser, H. B., Heworth Grange.
Noble, John, Clarence Villa.
Paterson, Mrs. Amelia, Burton House, Clifton.
Pearson, Miss, Priory House.
22
Pulleyn, John, Low Ousegate.
Pawling, Thomas, Swinegate.
Hex, John, Low Ousegate.
Bobinson, Christopher, Belle Vue Terrace.
Bussell, Thomas Joshua, Spurrier gate.
Sampson, John, 18, Coney Street.
Sayner, William, City and County Band.
Scawin, William, Ravenslea , Clifton.
Scott, Colonel, Clifton Holme.
Scott, Henry Venn, Parle Street.
Seller, J. T., The Mount?.
Seller, George, Clifton.
Shann, Frederick, 6, St. Leonards.
Shepherd, J. H., The Castle.
Smith, J. M., Lligh Ousegate.
Snowball, Arthur, Parliament Street.
Sowray, J., King's Square.
Spetch, J. L., 17, Church Street.
Telfer, John B., 9, Hoi gate Terrace.
Terry, T. W. L., Bishopthorpe Road.
The Lady Superintendent, Nurses' Home , Monlegate.
Turner, B., M.D., Minster Yard.
Turner, E. B., 9, Burton I^ane.
Varey, Aid. Thomas, Clifton.
Waite, T., 1, Parle Street, The Mount.
Walker, Mrs. M. A., 87, Union Terrace.
Wilkinson, C. N-, The Mount.
Williams, Miss, Mount Vale.
Winspear, Walter, Coney Street.
Wood, Thos. F., Nunth-orpe.
Wright, Aid. S., The Mount .
LIFE MEMBERS.
Norcliffe, Francis Best, Langton Hall , Malton.
Wilson, George, St. Glare's Road.
COUNTY MEMBERS.
Dale, David, 7 Vest Lodge, Darlington.
23
LADY SUBSCRIBERS.
Bellhouse, Miss 0. C., 19, Coney Street.
Dundas, Miss, Thornby Lodge, St. Veter's Grove.
Gape, Mrs., 5, St. Mary's.
Hall, Mrs. W. E., De Grey Street.
Middleton, Miss, Nunthorpe Terrace.
NewtoD, Miss, 43, Bootham.
Smith, Mrs. G. F., 1, Precentor's Court.
Tranmar, Miss, 36, St. John Street.
Tfilcox, Mrs., 8, Avenue Terrace , Clifton.
ASSOCIATES.
Elmhirst, C. E,, Lenclal.
Fry, C., Blossom Street.
Hetherton, John, 8, East Parade , He worth.
Hind, H. J.. The Retreat.
Marchant, B., 22, Grosvenor Terrace.
Meek, E. E., 3, Pechett Street.
Moore, Edwin, 42, East Mount Road.
Budgard, H. J., lie worth Halt.
Stamp, Thomas, 42, Marygate.
Walker, E. W. F., 12, East Mount Road.
Wood, J. B., Park Street , The Mount.
TEMPORARY SUBSCRIBERS.
Beresford, Captain, 78, Bootham.
Greenwood, Captain, Club Chambers.
Magean, James, 46, Coney Street.
RESOLUTIONS
PASSED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING, HELD FEB. oth, 1889.
1. That the Beport of the Council now read be adopted and
printed for circulation amongst the Members, Lady Subscribers, and
Associates of the Society.
2. That the thanks of the Society be given to the Members of
the Council retiring from office, also to the Treasurer, Secretary,
and Curators, for their valuable services ; and that authority be
given to the Council to give admission to the Public to the Museum
on Whit-Monday and Tuesday, under the same regulations as last
year.
3. That the thanks of the Meeting be given to the Chairman.
24
THE TREASURER IN ACCOUNT WITH
THE YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY
FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st DECEMBER, 1883.
&X> INCOME.
£. s. d.
Subscriptions :
Members . 630 0 0
County Members . 32 0 0
Temporary Members .. 3 0 0
Lady Subscribers . 69 0 0
Associates . 19 0 0
Arrears . 15 15 0
Compositions in lieu
of future Subscrip¬
tions . 40 0 0
Admission Fees :
Paid in Instalments . 12 0 0
Keys of Gates . 52 12 0
£. s. d.
Rents:
T. G. Mann, Esq., St-
Mary’s Lodge . 50 0 0
Mr. Sykes, Bootham and
Marygate Towers .... 21 0 0
Mr. Burton, Marygate
Baths, Instalment ... . 500
York Amateur Boating
Club . 5 0 0
Fine Art Society . 2 0 0
York and District Field
Naturalists' Society,
less £1 paid to Attend¬
ant . 2 0 0
Water Works Company 0 10
Hire of Tent and Tables. . 7 11 6
Less Carriage, Attendant
fixing and removing
when on Hire, &c. . . 4 17 10
-863 7 0
88 1 0
2 13
15 J 2
3 15
Meteorological Department .
Sale of Plants and Timber .
Sale of Case . . . 2 0 0
Whitsuntide Admission Fees
11 4 11
Less:
Paid to 16 At¬
tendants .. 4 16 0
Paid to Police 0 10 0 5 6 0
- 5 18 11
Gate Money . 217 7 5
Sale of Catalogues, Photographs, &c. 9 6 0
Balance in hands of the Treasurer,
31st December, 1888 . 31 17
.£1208 1 0
EXPENDITURE. «Tl\
£. s. d. £. s. d.
Crown Rent . 1 0 0
Corporation Rent . . . 19 9 2
Rates and Taxes:
Poor Rates, Income Tax,
&c., St. Wilfrid and St.
Olave . 21 16 9
Waterworks Company .... 2 4 6
Gardeners’ Licenses .... 2 5 0
Stamping Receipt Book . . 1 9 2
27 15
5 14
Insurance .
Salaries and Wages:
Mr. Platnauer . 200 0 0
Mr. Fielden . 60 0 0
Miss Baines . 39 0 0
Mr. Guy . 25 0 0
Jas. Davison (Pension) . . 25 0 0
Attendants, Museum and
Hospitium:
Attendant at Mu¬
seum . 57 4 0
Female attendant
at Museum.... 25 14 0
Female attendant
at Hospitium.. 26 0 0
- 10S 18 0
Gardeners, including Sun¬
day attendance at Gate. . 96 4 6
- - 555 2 6
Yorkshire Insurance Company —
Annuity . - . . . . . 197 16 10
Interest and Commission to Bankers 3 12 0
General Repairs, Expenses, and Additions,
Museum and Hospitium 11] 6 11
Estate :
Repairs to ruins
in Grounds 45 1 7
Genera] repairs
and expenses 38 9 2
- S3 10 9
- 194 17 s
Gardens :
General Repairs, Expenses,
and Additions . 12 11 10
Coke, Coals, &c . 8 11
21 3
Library: Books, Binding, &c . 27 11 7
Miscellaneous :
Printing and Stationery . 6 8 11
Printing Reports and Postage thereof 10 5 9
Printing Communications to Mem¬
bers and postages of same . 10 1 8
Catalogues . 3 3 0
Coals, Gas, kc . 30 4 4
Purchases and repairs of Antiquities 42 10 3
Meteorology . 15 12 0
Sundries, including Firewood,
Carriage of Parcels, & c . 5 16 0
Sundry Postages . 6 4 11
1184 9 7
Excess of Income over Expenditure 23 11 5
£ 120S 1 0
Excess of Income over Expenditure,
1S88 . 23 11 5
Balance in hands of Treasurer 31st
December, 1887 . S 6 0
£31 17 5
£31 17 5
EDWIN GRAY, Hon. Treasurer.
YTork, 4th February, 1889.
Audited and found correct,
J. A. CUNNINGHAME.
DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM & LIBEAEY.
LIBRARY.
Books Presented.
The Journal of the Chemical Society, \
vol. liii., 1888, and Abstracts . . j
The Memoirs of the Geological Survey of\
India “Pakeontologia Indica,” series x.
vol. iv., part 3, and series xii. Memoirs,
vol. xxiv. part 1 . . .
The Records of the Geological Survey of
India, vol. xx., part 4, vol. xxi., parts
1,2,3 . . . .
A Manual of the Geology of India, part
iv., Mineralogy Mallet . .
The Catalogue of Birds, vols. xii. & xiv.
Fossil Mammalia, pt. 5
Donors.
The Societv.
The Indian Government
,,
,,
,,
The Trustees of the
British Museum.
Reptilia and
Amphibia, part 1 .
Guide to the Shell and Starfish Galleries j
of the British Museum .... . f
The Report of the British Association .
for the advancement of Science, ! The British Association
Manchester, 1887 . )
The Annual Report of the Smithsonian >.
Institution for 1885, part ii .
Perforated Stones from California, by
H. W. Henshaw .
Work in the Mourn Exploration of the
Bureau of Ethnology, by Cyrus
Thomas .
The use of gold and other metals among
the ancient inhabitants of Chiriqui,
Isthmus of Darien, by W. II . Holmes
Bibliography of the Siouan Languages
and Eskimo Languages, by J. Con¬
stantine Pilling . J
The Transactions of the New York
Academy of Sciences, vol. iv., vol. v.,
parts 1 to 8, vol. vi., vii., parts 1 to 8
The Institution.
The Academy.
26
Books Presented. Donors.
Bulletin of the American Geographical ,
Society, vol. xix., No. 4 and supplement, ( The Society.
yoL xx., Nos. 1, 2, 3 . )
The Proceedings of the Manchester
Literary and Philosophical Society,
vols. xxv. & xxvi . j The Society.
Memoirs, vol. x. third series, and vol. i.
fourth series . .
A Monograph of the British Jurassic
Gasteropoda, parts l & ii., by W. H. } The Author.
Iludleston, M.A., F.E.S .
The Transactions of the Eoyal Society of
Edinburgh, vol. xxx. part iv., vol. xxxi., !
vol. xxxii. parts ii., iii., iv., vol. xxxiii. J The Society,
parts i., ii. Proceedings, vols. xii., xiii.,
xiv . . .
The Association.
The Society.
The Society.
The Society.
The Society.
The Proceedings of the Geologists’ Asso- ^
ciation, vol. x., Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 . . j
The Transactions of the Yorkshire Natur- )
alists’ Union, parts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 . . j
The Transactions of the Edinburgh Geo- \
logical Society, vol. v., part iv . j
The Transactions of the Zoological Society 1
of London, vol. xii., part vii . j
The Transactions of the Natural History
Society of Northumberland, Durham,
and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, vol. ix.,
part ii . . .
The Transactions of the Leicester Literary
and Philosophical Society, new quar- J The ’Society,
terly series, parts 4, 7, 8, 9, 1888 ....
Meteorological Observations at Stations\
of the 2nd order, 1883 & 1884 .
Contributions to our Knowledge of the
Meteorology of the Arctic Eegions . .
The Atlantic Weather Charts. . .
The Eeport of the Meteorological Council
to the Eoyal Society for the year ending
31st March, 1887 .
The Hourly Headings, Quarterly, Month¬
ly, Weekly, and Daily Weather Eeports
published by the Meteorological Society
during 1888 . . . . . .
The Meteorological
Society.
Books Presented.
Donors.
\ The Society.
The Proceedings of the Russian Geologi¬
cal Society, vol. iv., vol. v., part ii., iii. ,
yoI. vi., parts i., ii., vol. vii. parts i. , ii.
The Bulletin, vol. vi., Nos. xi., xii., vol.
vii., Nos. i., ii., iii., iv., v., with supple¬
ment .
The Transactions of the Naturalists’
Society of Kieff, Russia, vol. ix.. Nos. ) The Society.
1,2
Inventaire General des Richesses D’Art \ The French Govern -
de la France, 1888 . J ment.
Bulletin des Proces-Yerbaux de la Soeiete \
d’emulation d’ Abbeville, 1 part, 1886-7 ! The Society.
Memoirs, 3e serie, 4e vol . J
Mittheilungen des Vereins fiir Erdkunde )
zu Leipzig, 1886, 3 parts . . )
Mittheilungen der Leop : Akademic. Die\
Schutzeienrichtungen der Laubknospen
dicotyler Laubbaume. Mit 2 tafeln, Nr.
i i • t> T7~ . • The Academy,
xiv. — xivi. Beitrag zur Kenntmss des /
Pferdegebisses. Mit 8, Tafeln Nr. ix. —
xvi . . . .
The Society.
Bergens Museums Aarsberetning for 1887
The Director, Bergen
Museum.
Annalen des K. K. Naturhistorischen \
Hofmuseums, by Franz Ritter Yon f The Author.
Hauer . \
Atti della Reale Accademia Dei Lincei,
vol. iii., Nos. 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, vol. iv., j
Nos. 1 to 13, vol. vi., No. 4, and parts j The Academy.
284, 285 . J
Bollettino delle Pubblicazioni Italiane, )
Nos. 49 to 71 . j
The Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists’ \
Society, new series, vol. v., part iii., (
1887-8, with List of Officers & Members j
The Report and Proceedings of the Belfast \
Natural History and Philosophical >
Society, 1887-8 . )
The Calendar of the Yorkshire College, ^
Leeds, Fifteenth Session, 1888-9 . . . . j
The Council.
The Society.
The Society.
The Council.
28
Books Presented. Donors.
Synopsis of the British Diatomaeeee )
(2 vols.) by the Kev. W. Smith . j H. E. Spencer, Esq.
The Autobiography of George Harris, | The Author and Dr.
LL.D., P.S.A . j Bichardson.
The Story of the De La Poles, by ) The Hull Literary
J. Travis-Cook, P.E.H.S . j Club.
The Proceedings of the Warwickshire j
Naturalists’ and Archaeologists’ Field 's The Club.
Club, 1887 . ; . )
Compilation of Notes and Memoranda
bearing upon the use of Human Ordure
and Human Urine, by John G. Bourke,
Captain 3rd Cavalry, U. S. Army ....
The Annual Report of the Leeds Literary
and Philosophical Society, 1887-8 ....
The Transactions of the Manchester
Microscopical Society, 1887 .
The Transactions of the Leeds Geological
Association, part iii., 1886-7 .
The Author.
The Society.
The Society.
The Association.
The Proceedings of the Berwickshire \
Natualists’ Club, vol. iv., Nos. 5, 6 . . j
Suggestions for an International Nomen- \
clature of Clouds, by the Hon. Ralph \ The Author.
Abercrombv, F.R.M.S . J
A Pamphlet on the Discovery of a Hoard \
of Roman Coins at Springhead, Kent, ! The Author.
by C. Roach Smith, F.S.A . )
Annual Report and Proceedings of the .
Liverpool Science Students’ Association ( The Association.
1887-8 )
The Cause of Light and the Planets upon \
Cardioides, bytheRev.G. T. Carruthers, \ The Author.
M.A., Chaplain of Subathu, India. . . . )
The Fourth Annual Report of the Malton j Societ r
Field Naturalists’ Society, 1886-7 . . . . j ^
Synopsis of an arrangement of inverte- \
brate animals in the Free Public / ^
Museum of Liverpool, and five other ' ’ ^
pamphlets . . . .
29
Books Presented.
Donors.
Two Deports of the Vivisection Society . .
Two copies and four reprints from the
Zoophilist . .
The Twenty-second Annual Deport of the
Wood wardian Museum and Lecture
Doom Syndicate, 1887 .
The Wesley Naturalists’ Monthly Journal
vol. ii., No. 21 . .
The Dev. F. 0. Morris.
Prof. Hughes.
The Editor.
-o-
REED REFERENCE LIBRARY.
BOOKS ADDED TO THE DEFEDENOE LIBDADY, 1888.
1852 — Prodrome de Paleontolo°;ie Strati-
grapliique Universelle, 3 vols., Par
M. Alcide D’Orbigny .
1880-84- -The Geological Decord, vol. i.
1880 — Manual of the Mollusca, by S. P.
Woodward, with an Appendix by
Dalph Pate, 4th Edition . .
1888 — Darwin (Charles) The Origin of
Species, 2 vols .
1888 — The Building of the British Isles,
Jukes Browne (A. J.) . . .
1888 — The Geological Magazine .
The Challenger Deports, vols. xxiii., xxiv.,
and one of Plates., vols. xxv., xxvi.,
xxvii. . . ...... . .
1888 — Sherborn (Chas. Davies), F.G.S.
A Bibliography of the Foraminifera
Decent and Fossil .
1888 — Etheridge (Dobert, F.D.S.) . .
Fossils of the British Islands, strati-
graphically and zoologically arranged,
vol. i. Palaeozoic, comprising the
Cambrian, Silurian, Carboniferous, and
Permian Species, with supplement
brought down to 1886, 4to .
W. Deed, Esq., F.G.S.
80
Donors.
) W. Eeed, Esc^., F.G.S.
/
GEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT.
A fine series of bones of Elephant, &c., \
from the Forest Bed, dredged off the j J. Backhouse, Esq.
Norfolk Coast . . )
80 Specimens of Fossils from the Lias of j
South Petherton, and Sandford Orcas, > W. Eeed, Esq., F.G.S.
Somersetshire . J
A series of Terebratula, &c., from the\
London Clay of Portsmouth Dockyard.
t/ V
A Specimen of Rhynclionella lacunosa from
the Oxorclian of Mount Hermon, Syria
A Specimen of Productus from the
Carboniferous Limestone of Kalabagh,
Afghanistan . \
3 Specimens of Terebratula Diitempleana / J. F. Walker, Esq., M. A.
from the Eed Chalk, Earthquake Pit,
N. Grimston . j
9 Species of Brachiopoda from the Lower
Oolite Sands, Dorset. . .
A Specimen of Anancliytes ovaius from
the Chalk of Margate . . . j
Deer Bones from the
Holderness .
A series of Fossils from various formations Dr. Dunhill.
A small collection of Fossils . . i Hatfeild, Esq.,
I Thorp arch Hall.
Peat at Owthorne,
Dr. xlllen.
1878— Chirnmo (Capt. Wm,) and Peeve
(Lovell) . . .
Natural History of the Eupledella
asperg ilium “Venus’s Flower-basket,”
with coloured Plates . .
1881 — Westlake (E.), F.G.S., Tabular
Index to the Upper Cretaceous Fossils
of England and Ireland, cited by Dr.
Charles Barrois, with localities ......
MUSEUM.
31
MINERALOGY.
Donors.
A Collection of Minerals from the Lead \
j J . jDclCJlIlOUSG. iLSCI .
Mines of Teesdale . J ’ 1
8 Specimens of Basalt . | J. Hatfeild, Esq.,
A Collection of Bocks and Minerals , . . . ) Tkorparch Hall.
ZOOLOGY AND COMPARATIVE ANATOMY.
A. Ball, Esq.
W. Storr Fox, Esq.
7 specimens of Becent Crabs and a
specimen of JEuplectella aspergillum ....
Some Skins of Foreign Birds and Snakes Miss Williamson.
A Collection of Becent Shells from ) The Bev. W. C. Hey,
New Zealand . J M.A.
A specimen of Becent Coral . ... Mrs. W. F. Stubbs.
A collection of British Birds’ Eggs .... Major Barstow.
A clutch of Eggs of the Bing-Ousel from
the Moors near Sheffield .
Nuthatch (Yorkshire) . . Mr. Lambert.
Bing-Ousel . .
Pair of Golden Plover and a Dunlin, shot -
and presented by . . . j
Bulver’s Petrel (Yorkshire) . . I
3 Fork-tailed Petrels from St. Hilda. ... I* Backhouse, Junr.,
2 Turtle Doves, shot respectively at Spurn
Point and Church Fenton .
Missel Thrush (young) .
Bullfinch, shot and presented by . ,
F.Z.S.
ANTIQUITIES.
Old Silver and Copper Coins . Mr. W. Hall, De Grey St.
An old English Puzzle Jug . . . A. Ball, Esq.
A pair of Ancient Spectacles and an old \ The Bev. Canon Barnes
Pipe found in Birkin Church ........ ^ Lawrence.
Ancient Brick from Babylon, bearing the \
cartouche or seal of the Great Nebu- \ J. W. Barnes, Esq.,
cliadnezzar . . . ] Durham.
/
An old Worked Bag and a Silver Thimble Miss Williamson.
A series of Burmese Books . . J. Hatfeild, Esq.
An old Wooden Water-pipe (period 1680 j York New Waterworks
to 1800) found in Walmgate . j Company.
A few American Flint Implements . j ^St^Saviour^ate
32
BOTANY.
Doxons.
A small collection of dried Plants . A. Ball, Esq.
A Specimen, “ Impatiens parvi-flora” from j ^ Matterson
Kirkcudbrightshire . '
- o -
APPARATUS, &c.
A small flat case to exliibit . Specimens j
which have been presented to the ) Wm. Peed, F.G-.S.
Society in . . . j
— o -
SERIAL WORKS SUBSCRIBED FOR.
Natural History of the Tineina, by H. T. Stanton, P.P.S.
Nautical Almanack.
Proceedings of the Zoological Society.
Publications of the Palseontographical Society.
,, ,, Pay Society.
Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conchy liorum.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History.
Geological Magazine.
Journal of the British Archaeological Association.
Numismatic Chronicle.
Memoirs de la Societie Paleontologicjue Suisse.
D’Orbigny’s Paleontologie Francaise.
Geological Pecord.
Nature.
Publications of the Surtees Society.
Hardwicke’s “ Science Gossip.”
The Yorkshire Archaeological Journal.
COMMUNICATIONS
TO THE
M ONTHLY MEETINGS
or THE
YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY,
1888.
-
John Francis Walker, M.A., F.B.S., “ On the occurrence
of Ananchytcs oral us in the Margate Chalk.”
Ananchytes ovcdus , also called Echinocorys vulgaris , is one
of the commonest fossils of the “ Upper Chalk with flints.”
The importance of this specimen consists in its having been
obtained from the Margate Chalk (with very few flints). The
classification of the Chalk from the Isle of Thanet to Folkestone,
is as follows
Chalk with very few flints — 80 feet, Margate.
Chalk with many flints — 350 feet, Broadstairs to Dover.
Chalk without flints — 270 feet, Dover.
Chalk Marl — 70 feet.
The Margate Chalk appeared to contain very few fossils. An
excavation was made for drainage purposes in the West Cliff,
beyond the Hospital at Margate, and the specimen presented
was brought up from a depth of 30 feet. The cliff, at this
point, is about 40 feet in height. Several specimens of
Ananchytes were found, mostly broken, and a few imperfect
specimens of Micrcister coranguinum.
This would indicate that these species extended into the “ chalk
with few flints,” and that the presence or absence of flints did
not show a Palaeontological horizon. This appears to be also
the case in the Yorkshire Chalk.
John Francis Walker, M.A., F.D.S., “ On Terebratula
bisinuata (Lamark),” from the London Clay of Hampshire.
This species wras one of the rarest of British Tertiary
Bracliiopoda. Dr. Davidson states in his supplement that
only two well-authenticated British examples are known,
one in the collection of Mr. Cunningham, the other in
the collection of J. F. Walker, both of which wTere found in
the Eocene clay of Barton Cliff in Hampshire. The species is
equally rare in Belgium, only two examples having being found
in the Sables Laekeniens Inferieur, which is said to be of the age
of the Barton clay. It is more abundant in the Paris basin,
occurring in the Lower and Middle Calcaire Drossier in several
localities. Last year a large number of this shell was obtained
from a railway cutting at Catisfield, near Fareham, in Ilamp-
36
shire, the age of the bed is stated to he London clay, having a
Bracklesham facies like the London clay which occurs at
Portsmouth. The Terebratula were found in masses, a number
of specimens have been sent to me by Mr. Elwes. The shells
are very thin and easily separate from the sandy clay with
which thej^ are filled, so they require to be hardened. The
French specimens are also very fragile.
This species was described bj^ Valenciennes in Lamark’s
“ Animaux sans Vertebres ” as an ovate shell, depressed, smooth,
fragile, front margin biplicated, beak not incurved. The Catis-
field specimens are dark coloured and appear to be larger and
more globose than the French species, but a series of French
specimens would be required before it could be determined
whether it was advisable to give them a varietal name. Mr.
Elwes has fortunately been able to expose the loop, which
is short and simple. The shell structure shows the usual
perforations, which are large and numerous. The rarity of
brachiopoda in the English Tertiary beds is remarkable. It
may be due to the want of sheltered habitations, as, according
to Dr. Davidson, they live at depths from half tide-mark to
2600 fathoms, and are found in tropical and polar seas, so that
it cannot be on account of either depth of water or climate.
Terebratula abound among the coral reefs, and in rocky places
which are not exposed to rough tidal action. The conditions
under which the Eocene deposits of England were formed
would be unfavourable to the growth and preservation of
brachiopoda, as Lyell says “No formations can be more
dissimilar, on the whole, in mineral character, than the Eocene
deposits of England and Paris, those of our own island being
almost exclusively of mechanical origin ; accumulations of mud,
sand, and pebbles : while in the neighbourhood of Paris we
find a great succession of strata composed of limestones,
some of them siliceous, and of crystalline gypsum, and siliceous
sandstone, and sometimes of puie flint used for millstones. ”
Some of these conditions would be favourable for the develop¬
ment of brachiopoda. It may be that Catisfield was protected
from strong tidal action during the deposition of the London
clay, and this would account for the abundance of Terebratula
bmnuata in that locality.
“ On Oolitic
John Francis Walker, M.A., F.Gr.S.,
Bracliiopoda new to Yorkshire.”
Mr. Fox Strangways having asked me to revise the list of
Yorkshire Jurassic Brachipods, I thought it might he useful to
the Members of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society to give a
brief account of the Oolitic species not recorded by W. H.
Hudleston and myself in our joint paper, “ Yorkshire Philo¬
sophical Report, 1876.” A supplement to Davidson’s Jurassic
Bracliiopoda, in which the species will be fully described and
figured, is being prepared by Mr. S. S. Buckman and myself.
(1) I) is cina Humph resian a, Sowerby. Three specimens of this
species, found in the Kimmeridge clay of At alt on, were sent to
me by Mr. S. Chadwick to be determined. This species appears
to be rare. The smooth variety was separated by Blake as
D. elcvata.
(2) Rhynchonella subvariabilis ? A few broken specimens,
found by Mr. S. Chadwick in the Kimmeridge clay of Malton,
probably belong to this species.
(3) Terebratula RepeUniana , d’Orb. Mr. Chadwick found six
specimens of this shell in the Coral rag of Helmsley.
D’Orbigny thus describes the shell — Magnificent oblong species,
having the extremity of the larger valve produced to a long
beak. It occurs in France along with T. ins ignis, which species
occurs at Helmsley. T. RepeUniana is nearly allied to
Terebratula Moravia , docker.
(4) Rhynchonella spinulosa var Filey ensis W. and B. Lower
Calcareous grit passage bed, Filey (see paper by Walker and
Buckman on Spinose Rhynchonella).
(5) Waldheimia Gcsneri, Etalon. Coral rag, Langton Wold,
Malton (see Report of Yorkshire Philosophical Society for
1887.)
(6) Waldheimia Margarita, Oppel, Coral rag, Seamer.
(7) Waldheimia bolonicnsis , Sauvage and Rigaux, Coral
rag, Malton; specimen in the Leekenby collection, Woodwardian
Museum, Cambridge.
(8) Waldheimia Rudleri, new species, Walker and Buckman.
Shell oval, nearly as wide as long, beak ridges, sharply defined,
beak incurved and truncated by a small foramen, both valves
moderately convex, front margin not plicated, surface of the
38
valves smooth. A line on the dorsal valve indicated that the
loop is long ; length 1 inch ; width 9 lines ; depth 6 lines.
In shape, this shell somewhat resembles young specimens of
Terebratula intermedia , from which it differs by the form of the
beak, etc. A specimen of this shell was found by myself, in the
passage bed of the Lower Calcareous grit of Suffield Heights,
near Scarborough.
(9) Thecidcum triangulare, van. I have found several specimens
of a small Thecideum attached to specimens of Waldheimia
JTudlcstoni, and other shells in the passage bed of the Lower
Calcareous grit of Suffield Heights.
This shell appears to have a wide range. According to
Davidson it occurs in the Lias and Inferior Oolite, and in the
Coral rag.
O
( i 0) Waldheimia ornithocephala (Sowerby) . Specimens of this
species have been found in the Kelloway rock, in a railway
cutting of the Hull and Barnsley Railway at Drewton, near
Cave. These specimens are flat, and resemble those found at
Kelloways, Wiltshire. They differ from the more convex
variety, Waldheimia iimbonella, which occurs in the Kelloway
rock of the Castle Hill, Scarborough, and in Cayton Bay,
Yorkshire coast.
(11) Waldheimia ohovata (Sowerby). Typical specimens of this
species occur in the Cornbrash on the North side of Scarborough,
and also in Cayton Bay. The Cornbrash of this district is a
dark blue colour.
Waldheimia ohovata var Siddingtonensis , Walker. An
elongated, narrow variety ; it occurs in the Cornbrash of
Scarborough. It has been sometimes mistaken for W. digona.
Waldheimia ohovata var Stiltonensis, Walker. This variety,,
which occurs in the Cornbrash of Scarborough, has been
confounded with Waldheimia hucculenta.
(12) Rhynehonella suhtetrahedra, Davidson. In the York
Museum there is a specimen of this species from the Scarborough
Limestone, near Scarborough.
(13) Waldheimia Strangwaysi, Walker and Buckman. A
small ovoid shell found in the Dogger of the Peak, Yorkshire
coast.
(14) Terebratula clecipiens var , Chadwichi — Walker, and
Buck man. A long globose Terebratula , belonging to the
sjjhoer old alls group, from the Dogger of Beak, Yorkshire coast,
where it was found by S. Chadwick, F.G.S.
(15) Terebrafula trilineata , Young and Bird. Several
specimens, with the test preserved, have been found by Mr.
S. Chadwick, in the Dogger of the Peak, Yorkshire coast. This
shell requires careful study.
(16) Mr. E. T. Newton, F.Gr.S., sent me for determination
a terebratula, which had been found by the Geological Survey
at Silpho near Hackness, Scarbro’, from the Middle Calcareous
Grit. The specimen is a crushed internal cast, but I have been
able to determine it as Terebrafula bisuffarcinata , Zieten.
This species is very variable in shape. It has a large foramen,
and the internal cast shows that if had a short loop, the front
had a wide fold, which in this specimen has been nearly
obliterated by pressure. It is new to Yorkshire, but has been
found in the zone of Ammonites perarmatus at Braambury
Hill, Sutherlandshire, Scotland. It is a common fossil in the
Weisser Jura of Germany.
Mr. Fox-Strangways. F.G.S., sent me the following note ■
“ The Terebratula mentioned was from the Middle Calcareous
Grit , and consequently I should be inclined to refer it to the
zone of Ammonites plicatilis , although these sandy beds contain
so poor a fauna that there is not much evidence as to what
they should be referred, Mr. Hudleston is inclined to place the
topmost band of the Lower Limestones in this zone, and
consequently these beds which lie above it must also be referred
there.’ ’
The total number of species and named varieties of Oolitic
Brachiopoda, which occur in Yorkshire, is 43 ; of which 9
occur in the Dogger beds of the Inferior Oolite ; 4 in the
Millepore series and its inland equivalents ; 2 in the Scarbro’
Limestone ; 7 in the Cornbrash and Avicula shales ; 3 in the
Kelloway Bock ; 2 in the Oxford clay ; 8 in the Lower
Calcareous grit and Passage beds ; 1 in the Coralline Oolite ;
5 in the Coral rag ; and 5 in the Kimmeridge clay. The
number of species in each genus is : Lingula , 2 species ; Discina ,
3; Thecidtum , 1; Terebratula , 10; Waldheimia , 15 ; Rhynchonella ,
19
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40
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Khvnclionellii subtetrahedra,
ON THE kSPINOSE RHYNCHONELLiE
(Genus AC ANTHOTH IBIS, d’Orbigny),
found in England, by S. S. Buckman, F.G.S., and John
Francis Walker, M.A., F.G.S. ; read before tbe Yorkshire
Philosophical Society, December, 1888.
In this paper we propose to give an account of —
I. The separation of the genus Acanthothyris from
Rhynchonella.
II. The chief literature relating to the Spinose Rhynchon-
ellce (. Acanthothyris .)
III. The species and varieties of Acanthothyris which we
find to occur in England, with their geological and geographical
distribution.
Paut I.
The genus Rhynchonella was founded by Fischer, in 1809,
(Notice des Foss, du Gouv. de Moscow). His type was
Rhynchonella loxice from the Oxfordian near Moscow ; but for
some time afterwards these shells were retained in the genus
Terebratula.
von Buch, in his classification and description of the Tere¬
bratulce fUeber die Terebrateln, 1834, and in Soc. Geol.,
France, Tom 3, 1838 J divides the Terebratulce into Rlicatce
and Non-plicatas ; while he subdivides his Rlicatce into — I.
Rlicosce. II. Dichotomce. The last division includes several now
recognised as genera, namely, Terebratulina , Terebratella ,
Eudesia , Rhychenella pars , Terebrirostra , Uncites , Atrypa , and
probably several others. Among the species of Dichotomce ,
we find Terebratula spinosa, and Terebratula senticosa.
Quenstedt (Petrefakten Kunde, 1867,) divides Terebratula
into— -(I) Terebratulce bicornes. (2) Terebratulce calcispirce .
(3) Terebratulce annuliferce. (4) Terebratulce loricatce. (5)
Terebratulce cinctce. (6) Terebratulce impressce. (7) Tere¬
bratulce nucleates. (8) Terebratulce biplicatce. (9) Terebratulce
spiriferince. The first group, T. bicornes , he subdivides into
Rlicosce RhychonelUclce , in which he places Terebratula spinosa ;
and into Rentamerus , Uncites and Strigocephalus.
42
Several Palaeontologists have proposed to divide the Rhyn -
chonellce into genera, or sub-genera. In 1847, d’Orbigny
(Paleontologie Francaise, Terrains Cretaees, Tome iv., page
12, 18 ±7,) gives the following subdivision of {)iq Rhychoneliidce
Hemithiris , d’Orbigny ; Rhynchonella , Fischer ; Striyocephalus ,
Defrance ; Rorambonites, Pander. D'Orbigny thus defines
Hemithiris — “ Overture contigue a la charniere, point d’area,
sommet entier.”
D’Orbigny, (Pal. Franc., Cret., Tome iv, page 342, probably
published later than 1847), again gives a definition of Hemi¬
thiris , and proposes to divide it into two genera, reserving the
name Hemithiris for the species with fibrous texture, without
pores or external spines; and Acanthothiris for species with
spines “ Aux especes egalement de contextures fibreuses, mais
pourvues d’epines perforees eparses ou par ligns, nous les nom-
ruerons Acanthothiris. Nousy placons les Acanthothiris spinosa,
d’Orb. et costata , d’Orb. de l’etage bajocien, et senticosa
d’Orb. de l’etage oxforclien ; inscrites dans notre Prodrome sous
le nom d ’Hemithiris.”
McCoy (Paleozoic Fossils, 1855, page 199) divides the
Rhynchonellidce into (1) Hemithiris , d’Orb. (2) Rhynchonella ,
Fischer; (3) Strigocephalus, Defrance ; (4) Rentamerus, Sowerby ;
(5) Camarophoria, King. He thus describes the Grenus Hemithiris,
“ General Character : — Foramen triangular not separated from the
hinge, beak acute, pointed, entire, no cardinal area; entering valve
with a small mesial septum ; apothysis short, arched, triangular,
with small dental lamellce ; two strong diverging cardinal teeth
bordering the opening in the larger valve, supported by dental
lamellse extending to the surface of the valve (Type, Terebratula
psittacea). “ The internal dental lamellae in the beak of receiving
valve leave two diverging slits in the cast of the fossil shell.”
Both Dr. Waagen and M. Oehlert, are in favour of retaining
Acanthothyris as a distinct genus ; and we are certainly inclined
to divide the Jurassic Rhynchonellce into genera or sub-genera,
Acanthothyris being one.
The genus Rhynchonella has a long range in geological time,
being found in nearly all formations from the Silurian upwards.
Seven species are in existence at the present time.
43
The genus Accinthothyris appears in the lower beds of the
Inferior Oolite, and extends up to the Middle Oolites ; it has
not yet been found in the Cretaceous or Tertiary strata, but a
living spinose Rhynchonella ( Rhynchonella Doderleini ), has been
described by the late Thomas Davidson, and published after
his death. (Annals. Natural History, January, 1886.)
The Jurassic Rhynchonella) can readily be divided into several
groups which are found to carry on, as they ascend, each their
own course of development side by side. Roughly speaking,
these groups are as follows : — ■
(1) The Lncunoso- group.
(2) The Tetrahedra-gi'oii]).
(3) The Concinna-giowp.
(4) The Varians- gron-p.
(5) The Obsokta-gvowp.
(6) The Acuta-growg.
(7) The Ri/nosa-gvoiig.
(8) The Sjjinosa-gYou p.
The relations of these groups to each other, and the division
of the genus Rhynchonella into genera or sub-genera, we
propose to discuss in a future paper.
Part II.
The Spinosa-gioiig (Genus Accinthothyris cl’Orb) with which
we are only concerned in this paper, is distinguished from all
others by the presence of spines upon the valves.
The type species of this group is Acanthothyris spinosa ,
of which the following is the history, along with that of
Acanthothyris senticosa. It is necessary to consider these
species together to avoid repetition.
A spinose Rhynchonella was figured by Knorr and Walch
(Lapides Diluvii Testes, French translation (Description des
Cocjuilles et Autres Corps Petrifies, 1768, Yol.n., Section 1., Plate
B iv., figure 4.) The figure is very good, and represents a
large-sized Rhynchonella spinosa. At page 77 they give the
following description of the figure, N 4. — “Monsr. Prof, le
d’AxNOME nous donne la description suivante de cette coquille :
C’est la Petrifaction d’une Concha anomia ventricosa , striata
echinata , je ne la trouve pas dans Linnaeus, & je le nomme
44
eclnnata , puis-que toute 1’ ecaille en est garnie de petits piqnans.
Elle est de Muttenz & se trouve asses rarement.”
Linmeus, 1788, (Systema Naturae,) Yol. i. part vi., at page
3,346, gives “ (Anomia) spinosa 29, A. testa spinis longitudine
testae. Habitat - hactenus modo fossilis re pert a in Anglia.
Solander.” If this fossil is Rhynchonella spinosa, then Linnaeus
has priority over Schlotheim.
Mr. E. T. Newton, F.GKS., kindly offered to make inquiries
at the Linnean Society, and sent us the following communica¬
tion : — Be Rhynchonella (Anomin) spinosa. I have looked through
the portion of the Linnseus collection likely to contain the
Rhynchonella ( Anomia ) spinosa, hut it is not there. The account
of the Linnaeus collection by Sylvanus Hanley, — “ IpsaLinnaei
Conchylea,” 1855, page 135, alludes to Anomia spinosa (see
below) ; and the copy of this book in the Linnean Society has
been marked to show the specimens known to be in the
collection, but there is no mark against Anomia spinosa.
“ ANOMIA SPINOSA.”
“ Not being sufficiently conversant with fossil species, I have
“ sought the aid of our highest authorities on the subject. Mr.
“ Davidson, who in knowledge of the Brachiopods is second
“ to no man breathing, has thus succinctly answered my
“ inquiries. ‘ I believe, from the very vague data given by
“ Linnaeus, that the Rhynchonella spinosa (Knorr Lap. Diluvii,
“ plate B 4, figure 4) was the species he designed. For it is a
“ common English Oolitic fossil, which answers to the spinis
“ longitudine testae, and has been figured by Walch (1768),
“ Walcott (1799), and eventually as Terebratulites spinosus, by
“ Schlotheim, in 1813.’ We have been unable to obtain any
further information, but there is no doubt that Anomia spinosa
was considered to be the shell now called Rhynchonella spinosa.
John Walcott, (Descriptions and figures of Petrifactions found
in the quarries, gravel pits, etc., near Bath, 1799,) gives (on page
21) the following description of his figure xxxi. — “ Bibs smaller
and more numerous than the last; the edge of the ribs is
armed with rows of short spines, found without the spines upon
the ploughed fields, with the spines when lodged in free stone.”
He refers his figures from xxv.* to xxxiv., to Anomia , which
he defines as Bivalves ; with unequal valves, and never eared.
The beak of the largest or under valve is greatly produced,
and rises or curves over the beak of the smaller or upper valve ;
and is perforated or pierced through like a tube. Figure 34 is
Gryphea incur va, the others are all Brachiopods. Walcott
gives no names to his fossils.
The Lev, Joseph Townsend, (Character of Moses, Yol. i.,
1813,) page 372, states, concerning the Inferior-Oolite and its
fossils — “ This rock is likewise distinguished by its shingle of
white quartz, and by Anomia spinosa , Linneei, or anomia
vcntricosa striata echinata of Knorr, who has left us an
excellent figure of this shell in the fourth book of the
second part of his valuable work.” Townsend appears to
be the first person who gave the name of “Inferior Oolite” to this
rock; (page 105.) “West of Winsley, near Stoke bridge, in the
canal, we first meet with the Inferior Oolite, commonly called
bastard freestone, which near Bath is unfit for use because it is
soft and abounds in vacuities, although in other districts, as at
Bainswick, it yields some beds of most perfect freestone. It
everywhere reclines on calcareous sand, which is used by our
cooks at Bath to sand their kitchens, and is procured for them
on the hills behind Camden Place and Sydney Gardens. It
beds on blue marl in which are two rocks, one called Yeovil
Marble, the other Marlstone.” Townsend does not seem to
know that Walcott figured Rhyncliondla spinosa.
von Sehlotlieim, (Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte cler Yer-
steinerungen in geognosticher Hinsicht,) Yol. vn., Pt. j.
Taschenbuch fur die gesammte Mineralogie von Dr. Carl
Caesar Leonhard, 1813, page 73, gives the following reference :
“ Yersteinerungen in Jurakalksteine ; Terebrat . spinosus , Knorr,
P. ii., i., T.B. iv., figure 4. Basel. The following is a trans¬
lation of von Schlotheim’s description of T. scnticosus and T.
spinosus , “ Die Petrefaetenkunde,” 1820, page 268,
“ 30 Terebratulites sentieosus.”
Partly in very complete examples, with perfectly preserved
tests, from Grumbach, near Amberg, in the Pfalz, petrified in
chert and probably belonging to the Jura formation (6 Ex.)
46
This very rare and remarkable Terebratulite now lately
discovered, is of a tolerably narrow elliptical, almost pear-shaped
form, it is not particularly thick, is regularly convex ( “gewolbt ”)
with a fine, striped, shagreen-like surface, and on both valves the
somewhat prominent rays (Streifungslinien) are covered with
numerous small, sharp spines, by which this and spinosus may
be distinguished from all other known species. It is very
seldom found.
Terebratul. spinosus, which is figured in Knorr P. 11, I.
T. B. iv., figure 4, is likewise furnished with short spines, and
constitutes a separate species, which is wanting in my collection.”
von Schlotheim gives no locality for Terebratulites sjrinosus.
It will be observed that Schlotheim considered T. senticosus
and T. spinosus to be separate species, and that Davidson makes
a mistake in stating that Schlotheim referred his T. senticosus
to Knorr’s figure.
Quenstedt considers that von Schlotheim’s T. senticosa came
from the kieselhaltigen obern weissen Jura von Krumbach, as
the specimens are said to be petrified in chert (Hornstein) ; and
he states that the shell is very rare. (Die Brachiopoden, page
115.) But von Buch, says it occurs in the beds of the Inferior
Oolite above the Lias, at Grumbach by Amberg. He gives
the same horizon for T. spinosa.
William Smith, (Stratigraphical System of Organized Fossils,
1817,) gives among those from the Under Oolite (page 108),
Tcrebratula spinosa ; “ Circular, convex, with many roundish
plaits set with long slender spines in quincuncial order ; middle
of the front elevated in a large curve rounding into the sides ;
beak small, incurved ; upper valve most convex. (Localities)
Bath, Tucking Mill, Chipping Norton.”
Bhynchonclla spinosa is thus described by Valenciennes in
(Lamarck, Animaux sans Vertebres, 1819.) “ Tercbrafula spinosa.
T. testaglobosa ; dilitata; sulcis parvis spinosis; nate brevissima
acuta.” Lamarck’s three specimens have the following
looality : — -Mortagne pres Alencon, Briere.
Zieten (Yerstein : Wiirtemberg, 1832, Plate 44, fig. i., a — e
naturliche Grosse, f — h vergrossert) gives as reference Tcre-
bratulites spinosus, Schlotheim Petrefacten-kunde, page 269, and
1 Knorr, Plate n., B. iv., fig. 4,’ and states that the species
occurs “ In den sandigen Lagen des untern Oolith mit
4r
Belemnites Aalensis Yoltz, Ostracites crista- g alii ^ Schlotheim und
Ostracises eduliformis , Schlotheim, am Stuifenberg.” Most
foreign geologists, however, refer Zieten’s T. spinosus to
T. senticosus , Schlot.
von Buch. (Soc. Geol. France, Tome 3, 1838,) figures
Terebratula senticosa , Plate xvi., figure 5, refers to Zieten,
Wurtemb , Yerst , Plate 44, figure 1, and gives the following
description (page 162) — “ Espece tres voisine de la T. spinosa ,
garnie comme elle, et aussi fortement qu’elle, d’epines pointues ;
seulement sa forme aplatie et sa faible hauteur la font facilement
distinguer comme espece particuliere.” He gives the locality
“ Hans les couches jurassiques inferieures, au-dessus du lias
a Grumbach pres Amberg.” It will be observed that this is the
same locality as that given by von Schlotheim for his
Tercbratulites senticosus : but von Buch’s figure does not
represent the shell found in Somerset and Dorset.
von Buch, page 161, Plate xvi., figure 4, gives a long
description of Tercbratula spinosa , and refers to Knorr. He
says that the shell is rather spherical and strongly convex, the
width being always greater than the length ; and describes the
curvature of the valves ; that the beak is recurved, the plaits bi¬
furcate, and are covered with little spines, &c. He states that
this species abounds “ dans les couches jurassiques inferieures
au-dessus du lias — Localities, Muttenz, in Basle ; Blomberg,
near Furstenberg ; Wart enb erg ; at Schweins-Muhl, near
Babenstein ; Kasendorf, near Thurmau ; Stuifenberg, near
Goeppingen ; near Giengen. In great quantities near Yenne,
at the north of the Osnabruck.” He gives several French
localities, and says it occurs in England, in the Inferior Oolite
of Dundry (in the Berlin Museum). The last statement is
important, as showing that von Buch refers to the same species
as that which we call R. spinosa in England.
Phillips’ (Geology of Yorkshire, 1829,) figures Terebratula
spinosa , Plate ix.? figure 18, page 151, from his Bath Oolite,
which is now considered to be part of the Inferior Oolite. His
figure is not good.
Broun (Lethea geognostica, 1837,) page 296, describes
Terebratula spinosa. His figure, Plate xviit., figure 2, is
remarkably good, showing the raised mesial fold which
48
distinguishes this species from the Rhynchonella senticosa.
He gives several localities.
d’Orbigny, (Prodrome, 1850,) Terrains Jurassiques 10th
Etage, gives Hemithiris spinosa, d’Orb. from Falaise, Port-
en-Bessin, Moutiers, and Draguignan, in France. He does
not describe this species, but refers to Phillips, pi. 9, fig. 18 ;
Zieten, pi. 44, fig. 1 ; De Buch, 1834 ; Mem de la Soc., geol.
3, p. 161, pi. 16, fig. 4.
Hemithiris codata d’Orb., “ Espece ornee d’une vingtaine
de cotes anguleuses, sur le sommet desquelles sont des
epines tubuleuses, comme celles de la H. spinosa. (Localities)
Grueret, (Sarthe,) Port-en-Bessin.
Also from his 13th Etage, he records Hemithiris senticosa ,
d’Orb. {Ter eh. senticosa Schloth, 21 senticosa He Buch. Terehratula
spinosa Zieten, 1830. TFurt, pi. 44, fig. i., France, Chatel-bensoir,
Grange- Che val, Apremont pres de Mantua, Tuzennecourt
(Haute Marne). Germany, Grumbaeh pres d’Amberg.) He
gives no description. It will be noticed that he follows von
Buch, in referring Zieten’s figure of Terehratula spinosa to
Hemithiris senticosa , although he had before referred it
to his II. spinosa ; he gives von Schlotheim’s and von Buell’s
German locality for his Hemithiris senticosa.
W e now come to Davidson’s (t Oolitic and Liassic Brachiopoda
Paleeontolgrapliical Society, 1851,” and find Rhynchonella spinosa
and a so-called Rhynchonella senticosa , fully figured and described
from the Inferior Oolite, Plate xv., figure 15 — 20 and 21,
pages 71 — 74. It will afterwards be seen that we have had to
give another specific name to the Rhynchonella senticosa figured
here.
Quenstedt (Der Jura, 1858, Table 58, figure 21 — 27, page
426) figures and describes several varieties of Terehratula
spinosa ; but as only one view is given the figures are not
sufficient. He however does not admit R. senticosa as an
Inferior Oolite species, but says uYon Schlotheim’s senticosa
rede ich hier noch nicht, da der Name auf eine Form des
obern Weissen Jura angewendet ist,” He gives a much better
figure in Petrefakten Eunde, Zweite Auflage, 1867, Table 46,
figure 37.
49
In Ms magnificent work, (Die Bracliiopoden, 1871,” page 112,
plate 39, figure 46- — 59 ; ) many varieties of Terebratula spinosa
are well figured, viz. : from Braun, Jura, e, there is var. inflata , var.
setosa,v(iY. myriacantha,Tj.T)esloYLg. (Bull.Soc. Normandie, 1858,)
var. costata d’Orbigny, (Prodrome, Yol i., page 286) ; and from
the Bradford Clay of Biedlingen, Terebratula spinosa sinuata.
The variety, T. spinosa var myriacantha , E. Desl. appears to
approach nearest to the so-called Rhynchonella senticosa of the
Inferior Oolite of England, hut is much coarser ribbed.
Quenstedt says “ Noch besser wiirde der Yarietatenname
spinulosa dafiir passen.” He also says “ Spinosa setosa , (figure
56), aus dem mittlern braunen Jura von Aalen, voll mittelfeiner
Bippen, hat Buch mit senticosa SchlctheinTs verwechselt.”
All his varieties of Terebratula senticosa come from the Weiss
Jura (Middle Oolite), viz. : — T. senticosa impresses T. senticosa
alba , T. senticosa silicea.
Oppel (Die Juraformation, 1856,) page 432, gives Rhynchonella
spinosa , Schlotheim as occurring in the “ Unter Oolith ”
(Bajocien, Inferior Oolite). He is doubtful whether Terebratula
senticosa Schlot, and Terebratula senticosa von Buch, belong to
this species. He considers Zieten’s figure 1, plate 44, Wurtemb.
Yerst.,to belong to the true Rhynchonella spinosa, 1832, but von
Buch refers this figure to Terebratula senticosa (Soc. Geol.
France, Tome 3, page 162).
Oppel, also, at page 608, states as occurring in the Oxford
gruppe “ Rhynchonella spinulosa , N. sp. — Hcmithiris senticosa ,
d’Orb., 1850, Prodr. 13, 456 (Schloth. ?), non Davidson.”
Braun (Mittlerer Jura), 1869, page 289, gives several
localities in North Greimany for Rhynchonella spinosa.
Davidson describes and figures Rhynchonella spinosa , and
the so-called Rhynchonella senticosa, in his paper on the
Brachiopoda of the Inferior Oolite of Bradford Abbas and
its vicinity. — Proc. Dorset Club, Yol. i , 1878. He also
gives some remarks about these species in his Suppl. Ool., Brack.
Pal. Soc., 1878.
Szajocha “Die Bracliiopoden Fauna der Oolithe von Balin
bei Krakau, 1879,” gives an account of Rhynchonella spinosa,
and says it is found at Balin in a good condition, and tolerably
plentiful. He gives two gpod figures, Plate v., figures 17 — 18.
50
S. S. Buckman, in his paper, “ Brachiopoda of tlie Inferior
Oolite. 55 Proc. Dorset Club, Yol. iv., 1882, carefully indicates
the differences between the species R. spinosa and the so called
R. senticosa , found in the Somerset and Dorset district.
Haas and Petri. “ Die Brachiopoden der Juraforrnation yon
Elsass Lotliringen,” 1882, page 222, state that the following
species of the group of Rliynclionella spinosa occur in the
Dogger : — Rliynclionella oligacantlia , Branco ; ITnterer Dogger/3,
/I — 7; Rliynclionella Crossi — Walker, IJnterer Dogger, 7. and
c ; Rliynclionella tenuispina , Waagen, IJnterer Dogger, 7. and
e> ; Rliynclionella spinosa, Schlot, in the Qberer Dogger e; of
the latter species they figure a young form from Wartenburg,
near Muttenz, Basle, the locality given by Knorr ; also a long
full-grown specimen from Metzerlen, Berner Jura, and a wide
full-grown specimen from Pfirt, Ober-Elsass. According to
Quenstedt, the Oberer Braun Jura, includes both the Parkinsoni-
zone, and the Macroccphalus-zoncs.
Part III.
We have found that the following species and varieties of
Acantliothyris occur in England.
Acantliothyris spinosa (Linnceus).— Deferences to the
papers have already been given in Part II.
1768— Anomia ventricosa striata echinata, Annome, in
Knorr and Watch.
P788 — Anomia spinosa, Linnoeus.
1813— Terebratulites spinosus, von Schlotheim.
1816 — Terebratula spinosa, Smith.
1819 — Terebratula spinosa, Lamarck.
1820 — Terebratula spinosa, von Schlotheim.
1834— Terebratula spinosa, von Buck.
1849 — Hemitliiris spinosa, d’Orbigny.
Acantliothyris spinosa, d’Orbigny.
1851 — Rliynclionella spinosa, Davidson.
HON Terebratula spinosa, Zieten.
Acantliothyris spinosa, Linnaeus, occurs in England, in
the Parlansoni-zone, where it is a common fossil, and
presents us with numerous varieties. Pne ordinary form
has two convex valves, the smaller valve being the most
pronounced. Its width exceeds its length ; it has a small,
hut wide, mesial fold, and the beak is very closely pressed
down on the smaller valve. Dimensions are : length, 9,
breadth, 10 J, depth, 6 lines. A more gibbous variety occurs
at Broadwindsor, in which the mesial fold, though elevated,
is very shallow; length, 11, breadth, 12, depth, 10 lines.
Another variety is small, narrow without mesial fold, but
very coarsely-ribbed; length, 7, breadth 7|, depth 5 lines.
It occurs at Bradford Abbas. A broad variety possesses
no actual fold, but an arching of the margin accompanying
a slight convexity in the larger valve. Its dimensions are :
length, 10}, breadth, 13 J, depth, 7\ lines. Localities, Bradford
Abbas, and Broadwindsor.
Yar. obornensis, Buckman and Walker.
This variety is found very high in the Park insoni-zone,
namely, in the almost unfossiliferous, sandy limestone, just
north of Oborne village ; and it seems peculiar to that locality.
It is distinguished by its flatness and very few' spines ; but
some specimens are remarkable because they show a broad area
along the margin of both valves, which is destitute of spines
and ribs, and exhibits only numerous fine transverse lines.
The geographical distribution of Acanthothyris spinosa and its
varieties is practically co-extensive with the occurrence of the
upper part of the Inferior Oolite — the Bajocien proper — in
Dorset, Somerset, and Gloucestershire. Besides the places
already mentioned, we have found it at Burton Bradstock, and
its neighbourhood ; at Walditch, Yintney Cross, Chideock, and
other places near Bridport ; at Stoke Knap, Broadwindsor,
Bradford Abbas, Halfway House, and the quarries round Sher¬
borne in Dorset ; a.t Stoford, Milborne Wick, near Blackford, and
in the neighbourhood of Castle Cary, at Midford, and at
Dundry, in Somerset ; while in Gloucestershire it occurs
along the whole range of the Cotteswold Hills, wherever the
Upper Trigonia Grit is exposed.
In Y orkshire, in the blue sandy limestone, a little above the
Whitwell Oolite (upper part of Inferior Oolite), at Crambeek,
near Castle Howard, we find a small globose variety, with a
52
well marked mesial fold of six or seven plaits. Unfortunately,
most of the shells are very much crushed.
Yar. powerstockensis, Buckman and Walker.
A variety of Acanthothyris spinosa occurs at Eype, West
Bay, Bridport, in the lower part of the Fullers Earth, and also
in the same horizon in the railway-cutting near Powerstock
Station, Dorset. These specimens are convex, with a wide ill-
defined wave-like fold, forming a depression in the middle of
the larger valve, and having fine numerous ribs well covered
with spines. This shell is not uncommon, hut perfect specimens
are rare. Acanthothyris spinosa occurs sparingly in the Fullers
Earth rock of Whatley, near Erome, Somerset. We have not
found any specimens of Acanthothyris in the Upper Fullers
Earth.
Acanthothyris paucispina, Buckman and Walker.
1882 ? Rhynchonella Crossi, Haas (non Walker F), Brack.
Juraf., Abk. z. geoh, Spez.
Karte v. Elsass-Lotkingen,
Bd. ii., PI. vi., Fig. 5.
Generally broader than long ; the imperforate valve strongly
convex, ornamented with coarse ribs, bearing a few coarse
spines. The mesial fold of four or five coarse ribs, and some¬
times very much elevated. The beak is small and fairly pressed
down on the other valve.
Its generally greater width, and the depressed character of
the beak, separate it from the form figured in the above
reference, to which, however, it bears much resemblance.
It is much larger than Acanthothyris Crossi , Walker, possesses
more ribs and a less elevated mesial fold. About the same
size as Acanthothyris spinosa , it differs therefrom by its coarser
ribs, fewer spines and more pronounced, more elevated mesial
fold.
The Sauzci-IIuniphrcsianiwi- zone, of Dundry, yields most
specimens of this species ; it occurs at Oborne, in the Hum -
phresianum- zone, but very rarely. In the Sauzei-zone of that
locality it is generally very small, the mesial fold is scarcely
developed, and the specimens are not characteristic.
53
In the Concarunn zone of Gorton Downs, occurs a small
dwarf form. This is probably a forerunner of the above species,
though it is not so coarsely ribbed. It possesses very few
spines. Possibly it may be best distinguished by the varietal
name cortonensis.
Acanthothyris tenuispina (Waagen) P
1867. — Rhynchonella (. Ilemithyris ) tenuispina , Waagen, Zone
Amm : Soicerbyi. Greogn : Pal.
Beitrage, Bd. i., Heft, hi., PI.
xxxii., Fig. 6.
Certain specimens which occur in the Humphresianum- zone
at Oborne, and at Louse Hill, are probably referable to this
species, because they possess the numerous ribs and spines, and
also the marked, raised mesial fold. They differ only from
Waagen’s figure in being larger, and somewhat broader ; but
the latter character is not invariable. From Acanthothyris spinosa
they are separated by finer ribbing and more pronounced fold ;
in fact, in general appearance they are like Acanthothyris
panacanthina , but from this the fold separates them, while the
valves are more convex.
Acanthothyris panacanthina, Buckman and Walker.
1851 — Rhynchonella senticosa , Davidson, Oolite Brachiopoda,
Pal. Society — Plate xv., figure 21, page 73.
1878 — Rhynchonella senticosa, Davidson, Proc. Dorset Club.
Brachiopoda of Inferior Oolite — Plate iv., figure 20.
1883 — Rhynchonella senticosa, S. S. Buckman. Brachiopoda,
Proc. Dorset Club.
Also Rhynchonella senticosa, from the Inferior Oolite, of
various English authors.
NO !&-Terebratulites senticosus, von Schlotheim.
Ter ebr alula senticosa, von Buch.
Hemithiris senticosa, d’Orbigny.
Acanthothiris senticosa, d’Orbigny.
Terebratula senticosa, Quenstedt,
and not the Rhynchonella senticosa from the Middle Oolites of
foreign geologists.
54
The specimens found in England are very different from the
shell figured by von Buell — to which reference lias already been
made in Part II.’ — which is more like a young specimen
of Acanthothyris sptinosa, being more coarsely ribbed and
having fewer spines. The difference can be well seen by
comparing his figure with those of Davidson, under a magni¬
fying lens. They also differ from the varieties of T. senticosa
of Quenstedt, and from the specimens found in the Oxfoidien
of France. So we have given the shell, found in the Inferior
Oolite of England, the specific name, panacanthina . In shape
it is very constant, and is a most easily recognised shell. Its
fine, very numerous ribs and spines, its breadth, its small
somewhat upraised beak, and its very inconspicuous mesial fold
are most persistent characters which at once distinguish it
from its ally, Acanthothyris spinosa. A specimen of Acan¬
thothyris panacanthina had 100 ribs on the lesser valve, and
about 40 spines on each rib, thus it possessed at least 4,000
spines on each valve.
This species appears to be confined to the district south of
the Mendip Hills. It is a rare fossil, and it occurs only in the
Parkinsoni- zone. It is, however, widely distributed, and has
been obtained in Dorset, at Burton Bradstock, Broadwindsor,
Clifton Maybank, Bradford Abbas, Halfway House, and
Combe Quarry, near Sherborne. In Somerset, at Misterton,
Haselbury, and at Crewkerne Station.
There are two scarce little species which have been found in
the Humphresianum- zone in the Sherborne district, namely,
Phynchonella dundriensis, S. Buckman, and Rhynchonella
dorsetensis , S. Buckman, which are extremely like Acan¬
thothyris senticosa in the general appearance of the test. S.
S. Buckman, however, has carefully examined specimens
under the microscope, and states that he has been able to
detect nothing more than (in one or two specimens of
Rhynchonella dorsetensis ) what appear to be very minute
pimples on some of the ribs, and these only very occasionally.
Still the position of these two species, with regard to the
other groups of Jurassic Rhynchonella >, is a point by no
means clear, and the resemblance of their fine-striated test to
that of Acanthothyris panacanthina is certainly curious.
55
Acanthothyris Crossi, Walker.
1870 — Rhynchonella Crossi — J. F. Walker, on Secondary
Species of Brachiopoda, Geological Magazine, Yol. vn., page
562, figure 9.
187 8— ’Rhynchonclla Crossi, Davidson, Suppl. Jurassic Brachio-
poda, Pal. Soc., plate xxvn., figure 17, page 223.
This species appears to be a characteristic Brachiopod of
the Lincolnshire Limestone. It was first found by the Lev.
J. E. Cross, M.A., F.G.S., at Appleby, near Brigg, Lincoln¬
shire, and by J. F. Walker, in the Lincolnshire Limestone at
Brough, near Hull, Yorkshire. Professor Judd gives several
localities for this species in his “ Geology of Rutlandshire.”
Acanthothyris hradfordensis, Walker.
1878 — Rhynchonella spinosa , var. hradfordensis , Walker. —
Davidson’s Jurassic Brachiopoda Pal. Soc. Sup., plate xxvn.,
figure 18 — 19, page 2.22.
A small species resembling the young of Rhynchonella
concinna , but covered with spines. It occurs rarely in the
Bradford Clay, of Tetbury Load, near Cirencester, where it
was found by J. F. Walker ; it has also been found by Professor
II. G. Seeley, F.P.S., in the Bradford Clay of Bradford,
Wiltshire.
Acanthothyris senticosa (Schlotheim).
Deferences are given in Part II.
1820 — Terehratulites senticosm , von Schlotheim.
1832 — Terebratula spinosa , Zieten P
1834 — Terebratula senticosa , von Buch.
1838 — Terebratula senticosa , von Buch.
1850 — Ilemithiris senticosa , d’Orbigny.
Acanthothyris senticosa , d’Orbigny.
1856 — Rhynchonella spinulosa , Oppel.
1858 — Terebratula senticosa , Quenstedt.
1871— Terebratula senticosa , Quenstedt.
1883 — Rhynchonella senticosa , Engel.
56
And of various other foreign authors —
NON Rhynchonella senticosa , Davidson.
Rhynchonella senticosa , S. Buckman,
and not the Rhynchonella senticosa , from the Inferior Oolite, of
English authors.
We have found the investigation of this species very difficult,
it being almost impossible to obtain specimens from the
localities mentioned by the various authors. We have already
shown that the English Inferior- Oolite species is different to
any of the varieties found "on the Continent. Quenstedt,
having divided his T. senticosa into several varieties, we need
not consider whether the shell figured by von Buch is the same
as the Acanthothyris senticosa of d’Orbigny.
Engel, “ Geognosticher Wegweiser durch Wurtemherg,
1883,” page 184, gives Rhynchonella senticosa alba , Quenstedt,
= R. spinulosa , Oppel, from the Weiss Jura « Impressa-thon,
and Rhynchonella senticosa silicea, Quenstedt, from Weiss
J ura 6 Korallenkalk.
Oppel, “ Die Jura formation,” page 608, gives the name
spinulosa to d’Orbigny ’s species; hut Quenstedt proposes the
name spinulosa for T. spinosa myriacantha , E. Deslongchamps.
So to avoid confusion we designate the spinose Rhynchonella
found in Yorkshire as : — -
Acanthothyris senticosa, var. fileyensis,
Buckman and Walker.
Several years ago J. E. Walker found a small specimen of a
spinose Rhynchonella in the passage beds of the Lower Cal¬
careous Grit of Eiley, on the Yorkshire coast. A larger
specimen was afterwards given to him by Mr. Herries, hut it
was unfortunately in a broken condition. Lately, several
specimens have been found by S. Chadwick, F.GkS. They are
covered with long spines which generally remain in the matrix
when the fossil is extracted ; more perfect specimens are still
required before this shell can he fully described. They appear
to nearly resemble the Acanthothyris senticosa of d’Orbigny.
The following table will show what species and varieties of
Acanthothyris occur in the different Oolite strata of England.
57
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58
“ On a Head of Hybodus Delabechei, associated with Dorsal
Fin-spines, from the Lower Lias of Lyme Begis, Dorsetshire,”
by A. Smith Woodward, F.GkS., F.Z.S.
More than forty years ago, Sir Philip Egerton* made known
the head of a fossil shark from the Wealden of the Isle of
Wight, exhibiting most of the teeth in natural order in both
jaws. These teeth displayed much less variation in form and
characters than those of the predaceous sharks of the present
day ; and, on the evidence of the dentition, the species wras
assigned to Ilybodus, under the name of H. basanus. Several
heads of the same kind have subsequently been discovered in the
Wealden of Pevensey Bay, Sussex; and considerable information
has thus been obtained concerning not only the dentition, but
also the cranial cartilage itself, and the mandibular, hyoid,
and branchial arches. f
The teeth of th© Wealden shark, however, are high-crowned,
compressed, and comparatively smooth, and differ so much from
the Liassic teeth of Ilybodus that very possibly this late Mesozoic
species may eventually prove to pertain to a distinct genus. It
is therefore of great interest to be able to place on record the
discovery of the head and the greater part of the naturally-
arranged dentition of a typical species of Hybodus from the Lower
Lias of Lyme Begis ; and the following notes relate to a fossil
of this kind preserved in the Peed Collection of the Yorkshire
Philosophical Society’s Museum.
The specimen in question is unfortunately compressed, like
all fossils from the Lias ; but the lowrer jaw is conveniently
displaced to exhibit the dentition, and the shagreen is sufficiently
sparse to permit the determination of the boundaries of portions
of the cartilage. The left side of the head is exposed ; and the
whole is shown, of one-quarter the natural size, in Pl. I., Fig. 1,
while the mouth and dentition are drawn, of the natural size, in
PI. I., Fig. 2. Outer views of six of the upper teeth, partially
restored, are also given in PI. I., Figs. 3 — 8.
*Sir Philip Egerton, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. i. (1845), pp. 197-199,
pl. iv.
f Smith Woodward, “ Catal. Fossil Fishes Brit. Mus.,” pt. i. (1889), pp. 273-
275, pl. xii, figs. 1-4.
59
The general proportions of the cartilages are so well shown
in Fig. 1, that they do not require any detailed description ;
and the principal features are pointed out by the lettering.
The cranium is relatively short and robust, and appearances are
suggestive of no great prolongation of the snout in advance of
the mouth, while the latter would probably he almost as
terminal as in Cestracion. The position of the left orbit (orb.)
is well marked, and the outlines of the left postero-lateral angle
of the cranium (pfa.) are distinct; the large fontanelle (. fo .) in
the anterior portion of the cranial roof is also shown. The
superior boundary of the upper jaw (ptery go- quadrate) , of which
the hinder extremity is marked ptq.9 is unfortunately obscure ;
but the left mandibular cartilage (md.) is complete, and of
considerable depth in its hinder portion.
Most of the teeth exhibited are so much obscured by matrix
that they cannot well be separately described ; but they are all
little disturbed from their original positions, and so make known
(for the first time in the typical Hybodus) the number of the
antero-posterior series.
In the mandible (Fig. 2,) there is no median symphysial row
of teeth, and the number of series on the fully-exposed left side is
ten (i. — x.), with qios-sib/y an eleventh minute row, indicated by
some broken fragments. So far as preserved, no series exhibits
more than five components ; and the largest teeth are those of
nos. y. — vn. The latter, and all situated in advance of them,
are very robust, with a comparatively high, conical, median
cusp, and three or four large lateral cusps ; the coronal surface
being marked by numerous radiating wrinkles, the outer lower
margin prominent and coarsely crimped, and the inner lower
margin somewhat channeled for the overlapping of the tooth
immediately within. Of the lower series viii. and ix., the
teeth are relatively longer than these, with less elevated and more
obtuse crowns ; and of series x., the teeth are comparatively
minute, with a single broad coronal eminence, marked by few
superficial wrinkles, and with a single insignificant denticle at
each extremity.
In the upper jaw there are also indications of nine or ten
transverse dental series, though it is not easy to determine their
characters. However, by combining the information afforded
60
by all the portions of the teeth of each series sufficiently
preserved, the partial restorations given in Figs. 3 — 8 seem
justifiable, and illustrate the main features. These teeth
pertain, as indicated, to series v. — x. ; and it will be observed
that, compared with those of the lower jaw, they are more
elongated and exhibit less elevated crowns.
The shagreen, scattered over the whole of the fossil, is of the
usual type already often met with in the Liassic species of
Hybodus and Acrodus, i.e., conical granules, radiatel) sculptured.
In size, however, these granules are remarkably small ; and
especially noteworthy is the absence of the well-known hook¬
shaped head-spines ( Sphenonchus ).
As shown by the dentition, the fossil just described pertains
to Hybodus Delabechei, Charlesworth,* of which numerous groups
of teeth are already known, besides a shagreen-covered head.f
This species, indeed, was the first to reveal the true nature of
the so-called Sphenonchus ; and it now gives the first information
as to the number and proportions of the dental series in the jaw
of the typical members of the genus to which it belongs.
Neither of the two Liassic species of Acrodus exhibits more
than eight or nine series of teeth in each ramus of the jaw7^ ;
and Hybodus medius , which closely approaches Acrodus , also
appears to possess only eight*
The dorsal fin-spines found in association with the head are of
the same kind as those already proved to pertain in part to
H. Delabechei by specimens in the British Museum. The exserted
portion of the anterior spine measured about 14 inches* in
length when complete, and If inches in maximum breadth
across the base ; while the corresponding measurements of the
posterior spine are ll£ inches and If inches. Each spine is thus
robust, and the lateral ribs are numerous and closely arranged ;
the posterior denticles are very large, and placed in the case of
the anterior spine, upon a median longitudinal elevation.
*E. Charlesworth, Mag. Nat. Hist., N.S., vol. iii, pp. 242 — 246, pi. iv. See
also“Catal. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mas.,” pt. i, pp. 259 — 262, pi. viii, pi. x, figs. 1 — 5.
fE. C. H. Day, Geol. Mag., vol. ii (1865), p. 565. Figure given in “ Catal.
Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus.,” pt. i, pi. viii.
JE. C. H. Day, Geol. Mag., vol. i (1864), pp. 57 — 65, pi. iv. “Catal. Foss.
Fishes Brit. Mus.,” pt. i, pp. 283—293, pis. xiii, xiv.
*“ Catal. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus.,” pt. i, p. 265, pi. ix.
^Present measurement 12§ inches.
Yorks.. PbulS oo.Anrt.Hep. 1888
Rybodusj d(|^R
G M /Woo Award cLel.etlith .
Plcube, I.
"West, Newman 3c Co irrrp
'%f8i
cLe ^tbecTie'
CPLCurleswo vths.
61
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.
Skull and Mandible of Hybodus Delabechei, Cliarleswortli ;
Lower Lias, Lyme Regis, Dorsetshire.
Fig. 1. Side view, one-fourth natural size. fo. fontanelle. md.
left mandibular cartilage, orb. orbit, pla. postero
lateral angle of cranium, ptq. left upper jaw (pterygo-
quadrate) .
„ 2. Dentition, natural size. The successive transverse
series of teeth numbered i. — x.
,, 3 — 8. Upper teeth of series v. — x., outer aspect, natural
size, partly restored.
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Hall, Mrs. William E., 21, Zte Grey-street.
Harrison, Miss, 26, St. Mary's.
Harwood, Miss H., 40, Petergate.
Holmes, Mrs., 12, Grosvenor -terrace.
Hornby, Mrs., Clifton.
Horsfall, Mrs., 14, Past Mount-road.
Husband, Miss, Clifton.
Jakell, Mrs., 16, The Mount.
Johnson, Miss, 21, The Mount.
Kirby, Miss, 7, Grosvenor -ter race.
Lawton, Miss, 84, Bootham.
Legard, Mrs., 2, Bootham-terrace.
Longridge, Mrs., 32, St. Mary's.
Mawson, Mrs., 19, Grosvenor -terrace.
Mercer, Miss, Minster Yard.
Middleton, Miss, Nunthorjp e-terrace.
Moore, Miss, Clifton.
Newton, Miss, 43, Bootham.
Noton, Miss, 14, Little Stonegate.
Palmes, Mrs., 8, Bootham-terrace.
Peel, Miss, Dalton-terrace .
Pepper, Mrs., 12, Bootham-crescent.
Pulleine, Mrs. K., 70, Bootham.
Richardson, Miss, 46, Bootham.
Robinson, Miss, 33, Lord Mayor's Walk.
Simpson, Miss, 10, Grosvenor -terrace.
Simpson, Mrs. William, Byton Villa, St. Peter's Grove.
Smith, Mrs. Fullerton, Clifton.
Smith, Mrs. G. F., 1, Precentor's Court.
Stevens, Miss, 75, Micklegate.
Thomas, Mrs., 11, St. Mary's.
Todd, Miss, 3, Por tlandstreet.
Tranmar, Miss, 36, St. John' s-street.
ASSOCIATES.
73
Walker, Mrs. Charles, Mary gate.
Walker, Miss, 20, St. Mary's.
Ward, Mrs., 46, East Mount-road.
Wells, Miss, 7, Lord Mayor's Walk.
Wharton, Miss, Barton Grange.
Wilcox, Mrs., 8, Avenue-terrace , Clifton.
Wilkinson, Miss, 12, Bootham-terrace.
Yorke, Miss, 2, Buncombe-street.
ASSOCIATES.
Allanson, Edward P., 16, Blade-street.
Brierley, Walter H., 39, Bootham.
Elmhirst, C. E., Lendal.
Forbes, C. M., 8, Davy gate.
Fry, C., Blossom-street.
Hetherton, John, Cry holme, Year sley -bridge.
Hind, II. J., Friends' Retreat.
Knott, George, Lendal.
Lee, G. C., 36, The Mount.
Marehant, Eobert, 22, Grosvenor-terrace.
Meek, E. E., 3, Peckitt- street.
Moore, Edwin, 42, Fast Mount-road.
Kudgard, H. J., Heworth Hall.
Scaife, E. II.
Stamp, Thomas, 42, Mary gate.
Swift, II. L., Blade-street.
Trundle, Eev. George, 1, Minster Court.
Walker, E. W. F., 12, Fast Mount-road.
Wood, J. E., Park-street, The Mount.
Any insertions or corrections in this list will be gladly received
by the Keeper of the Museum.
74
The following privileges have been conferred bg the votes of
General Meetings of the Society in 1825 and 1830, on Contributors
to the original Building Fund.
“ A Contribution of Fifty Pounds and upwards shall entitle the Con¬
tributor for life to personal admission to the Museum and Gardens,
with the power of introducing Visitors, personally or by written order;
to personal admission to the Library, and to the scientific proceedings
of the General Meetings. The adult members of his family residing
under his roof shall be admitted without an order.”
“A Contribution of Twenty-Five Pounds and upwards shall entitle to
personal admission for life to the Museum and Gardens, with the
power of personally introducing Visitors ; and to personal admission to
the Library.”
11 A Contribution of Fifteen Pounds and upwards shall entitle to
personal admission for life to the Museum and Gardens, with the
power of personally introducing Visitors.”
“ A Lady contributing Ten Pounds shall be entitled to personal admission
for life to the Museum and Gardens, with the power of personally
introducing Ladies as Visitors.”
“ A Contributor of Fifteen Pounds and upwards, may at any future time
(on being duly balloted for) be admitted a Member of the Society,
without payment of Admission Money.”
75
DONOR OF FIFTY POUNDS AND UPWARDS.
The Lord Mayor of York, ex officio.
DONOR OF FIFTEEN POUNDS AND
UPWARDS.
Leatham, H. M., M.P., Hemsioorth Hall , Pontefract.
HONORARY MEMBERS,
Allman, George James, M.D., LL.D., P.R.S., Ardmore ,
ParJcstone , Dorset.
Anderson, Joseph, The National Museum , Edinburgh.
Armstrong, Sir William George, O.B., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S.,
Jcsmond Lean, Newcastle.
Bonney, The Rev. Professor T. G., M.A., F.R.S., 23, Penning -
road , Hampstead, London , A. W.
Boynton, Thomas, TJlrome Grange , Lowthorpe, Hull.
Bruce, Rev. J. C., LL.D., Newcastle-on-Tyne.
Browne, Professor G. T., Professor of Archaeology in the
University of Cambridge.
Carruthers, William, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., Natural History
Museum , South Kensington.
Chadwick, Samuel, Norton , near Malton.
Chester, The Lord Bishop of, Chester.
Dallas, William Sweetland, F.L.S., Pembroke House , New
Thornton Heath , Croydon.
Duncan, Professor Peter Martin, M.B., Lond., F.R.S., F.G.S.,
6, Grosvenor-road, Gunnersbury , Middlesex.
Etheridge, Robert, F.R.S., L. and E., F.G.S., Natural History
Museum , South Kensington , S. Tfr.
Evans, John, D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.S.A., F.G.S.,
Nash Mills , Hemal Hempstead.
76
HONORARY MEMBERS,
Flower, Professor William Henry, LL.D., F.P.S., F.L.S.,
F.G.S., Natural History Museum, South Kensington, S.W.
Franks, A. W., M.A.., F.P.S., P.S.A., F.G.S., 103, Victoria-
street and British Museum, W.C.
Freemam, Professor, Trinity College, Oxford.
Geikie, Archibald, LL.D., F.P.S., L. andE., F.G.S., Geological
Survey Office, Jer my n- street, London, S. W.
Geikie, James, LL.D., F.P.S., L. and E., Professor of Geology
and Mineralogy in the University of Edinburgh, 31,
Merchiston A venue , Edinburgh.
Green, Professor A. H., M.A., F.G.S., 137, Woodstock-road,
Oxford.
Greenwell, Pev. Canon, M.A., D.C.L.,F.P.S., F.S.A., Durham.
Grove, The Hon. Sir William Pobert, Knt., M.A., D.C.L.,
F.P.S., 115, Harley -street, London, TV.
Hawkshaw, Sir John, F.P.S., F.G.S., M. Lnst. C.K., 30, Great
George- street, S. TV.
Holmes, John, The Homestead, Roundhay, Leeds.
Hooker, Sir Joseph Dalton, K.C.S.I., C.B., M.D., D.C.L.,
LL.D., F.P.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., Royal Gardens, Kew.
Hughes, Professor Thomas McKenny, M.A., F.S.A., F.G.S.,
Trinity College, Cambridge .
Hudleston, Wilfred H., M.A , F.P.S., F.L.S., F.C.S., F.G.S.,
Culverdon Lodge , Oahlands Park, Weybridge.
Hull, Professor Edward, LL.D., M.A., F.P.S., F.G.S., 14,
Hume-street, Dublin.
Huxley, Professor Thomas Henry, LL.D., Ph.D., F.P.S.,
F.L.S., F.G.S., 4, Marlborough-place, St. John's Wood ,
N.W.
Judd, Professor J. W., F.P.S., F.G.S., Hurstleigh, Jiew.
King, The Pev. C. W., Trinity College , Cambridge.
Lightfoot, Thomas, Masham, Yorkshire.
Lubbock, Sir John, Bart., M.P., D.C.L., LL.D., F.P.S.,
F.L.S., F.G.S., F.S.A., 15, Lombard-street, K.C.
McLachlan, Pobert, F.P.S.,F.Z.S., F.G.S., West View , Claren¬
don-road, Lewisham, S.K.
Miall, Professor Louis Compton, F.L.S., F.G.S., 5, Montpelier -
terrace , Cliff-road , Leeds.
Mortimer, J. P., Driffield , Yorkshire.
Newton, Professor Alfred, M.A., F.P.S., F.Z.S., Magdalene
College , Cambridge.
Newton, C. T., British Museum.
Owen, Sir Pichard, K.C.B., M.D., D.C.L., LL.D., F.P.S.,
F.L.S., F.G.S., Sheen Lodge , Richmond Park, East Sheen ,
S.W
HONORARY MEMBERS.
77
Prestwich, Professor Joseph, M.A., F.E.S., F.C.S., F.G.S.,
Shoreham , Sevenoaks, Kent.
Pamsay, Sir Andrew C., LL.D., F.P.S., F.G.S., 15, Cromwell-
crescent, West Cromwell-road, South Kensington , S. W.
Eobinson, T. W. V., Hardwick Hall, Sedgefield , Durham.
Scalter, Philip Lutley, Ph.D., M.A., F.E.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.,
3, Hanover- square, W.
Scott, Eobert Henry, M.A., F.E.S., F.G.S., 6, Kim Dark
Gardens , S. W.
Seebohm, Henry, 6, Tenter den-street, Hanover-square, W.
Seeley, Professor Harry Govier, F.E.S., F.L.S., The Vine ,
Sevenoaks.
Smith, Charles Eoach, F.S.A., Temple-place, Strood, Kent.
Sorby, Henry Clifton, LL.D., F.E.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., Broom¬
field, Sheffield.
Skene, W. F., 37, Inverleith-row, Kdinlurgh.
Stokes, Professor George Gabriel, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D., F.G.S.,
Lensfield Cottage, Cambridge.
Strangways, C. Fox, F.G.S., Museum, Jer my n- street, S. W.
Thompson, SirWilliam, M. A., LL.D., D.C.L., F.E.S., L. and E.,
F.E.A.S., The University, Glasgow.
Traill, Thomas Stuart, M.D., F.E.S., University, Kdinlurgh.
Tristram, Eev. Canon, F.E.S., Durham.
Watkin, W. Thompson, West Derby -road, Liverpool.
Whitaker, William, B.A., F.G.S., 28, Jermyn-street , London .
Williamson, John, Scarborough.
Williamson, Professor Alexander William, Ph.D., LL.D.,
F.C.S., University College, London, W.C.
Woodward, Henry, LL.D., F.E.S., F.G.S., British Museum,
Cromwell-road, London, S . W.
78
FOREIGN HONORARY MEMBERS.
Barrois, Dr. C., Rue Solferino, 220, Lille , France.
Beyrich, Dr. Henrich E., University, Berlin.
Bobretzki, Dr., Professor of Zoology and Embryology in the
University of Kiew.
Cope, Professor Edward D., Philadelphia.
Dana, Professor J. D., Yale s College , New Haven.
Dawson, Sir J. William, LL.D, F.R.S, Principal and Vice-
Chancellor of McGill University, Montreal , Canada.
Deslongchamps, Professor M. E., Caen , France.
Hebert, Professor E., Rue Garanciere , 10, Paris.
King, Clarence, 62, Ceder-street , Room 10, New York, US. A.
Marsh, Professor 0. C., Yale College, New Haven.
McCaull, Dr., University , Toronto.
Medlicott, Henry Benedict, Geological Survey Office, Calcutta,
India.
Milne-Edwarps, Professor Alphonse, Rue Cuvier , 57, Paris.
Mommsen, Professor, The University , Berlin.
Nathorst, Dr. Alfred, State Geologist, Member of the Geolo¬
gical Survey of Sweden, Stockholrne.
Nikitin, Professor, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Nordenskiold, Professor A. E., Freiherr, Stockholm, Sweden.
Pavlow, Professor, Moscow, Russia.
Powell, Major, Director of the United States Geological
Survey, Washington.
Quenstedt, Professor F. A., University, Tubingen, Germany.
Bcemer, Professor Ferdinand, Royal University, Breslau,
Prussia.
Bossi, The Commendatore de, Rome, Paly.
Bygh, Professor Olaf, Christiania.
Sandwith, T. B., C. B., Her Majesty's Consulate, Tunis.
Scherer, Professor Wilhelm, The University, Berlin.
Schmidt, Dr. Ludwig Linden, Mayence, Germany.
Stephens, Professor George, Copenhagen.
Von Kokscharow, Major General Nicolaus, President of
the Mineralogical Society of St. Petersburg.
Whiteaves, Joseph Fred, Director and Palaeontologist to the
Geological Survey, Ottawa, Canada.
Worsaae, The Chamberlain I.I.A., Copenhagen.
Zittell, Professor Carl Alfred, Ph.D., Munich University,
Germany.
-May is 89
*