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ANNUAL REPORT

FOR

MDCCCXCIII.

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE COUNCIL

OF T1IE

YORKSHIRE

PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

FOR

MDCCCXC1II.

PRESENTED TO THE ANNUAL MEETING,

FEBRUARY 6tli, 1894.

YORK:

H. MORLEY, PRINTER, PETERGATE, YORK.

1 8 9 4.

TRUSTEES

OF

THE YORKSHIRE MUSEUM.

APPOINTED BY ROYAL GRANT.

TEMPEST ANDERSON, M.D.
EDWIN ORAY, LL.M.
WILLIAM LAWTON.

T. S. NOBLE.

S. W. NORTH.

REV. CANON RAINE, D.C.L
WILLIAM WALKER.

>

PATRONESSES

OP THE

PQvfcsJjuT JiMjtltigopIjital Jjocirty.

HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN.

H. R. H. THE PRINCESS OF WALES.

PATRONS.

H. R. H. THE PRINCE OF WALES, K.G.

H. II. H. THE DUKE OF CONNAUGHT, K.G.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY, 1894.

PRESIDENT :

Sir Charles Strickland, Bart., F.G.S.

VICE-PRESIDENTS:

The Very Rev. the Dean of York.

The Rev. Canon Raine, M.A., D.C L.

John Francis Walker, M.A., F.L.S., F.G-.S., F.C.S.,
(London and Berlin), F.Z S., Fellow of Sidney Sussex
College, Cambridge.

William Walker, F.G.S.

S. W. North, F.G.S.

Tempest Anderson, M.D., B.Sc., &c., Fellow of University
College, London.

The Rev. W. C. Hey, M.A.

James Melrose, J.P.

Major J. A. Barstow, J.P.

George S. Girb, LL.B.

HON. TREASURER:

Edwin Gray, LL.B.

COUNCIL :

Elected 1892, .W. Barn by.

Bowden Cattley.

J. T. Ware.

H. Cowling.

Elected 1893. ,C. A. Milward.

The Rev. E. S. Carter, M.A.

Francis Collins, M.D.

H. Copperthyyaite, C.E.

Elected 1894. .J. E. Clark.

C. E. Elmhirst.

H. Dennis Taylor.

R. Thompson.

T. S. Noble.

HON. SECRETARY:

6

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY.

CURATORS.

Geology . J. F. Walker, M.A., F.G.S.

Mineralogy . W. H. Hudleston, M.A.,

F.R.S.

Insects and Crustacea - - G. C. Dennis.

Comparative Anatomy - - - T. Anderson, M.D., B. Sc.
Ornithology ------ J. Backhouse, F.Z S ,

M.B.O.U.

tRev. W. Green well, D.C.L.,
Antiquarian Department J F.R.S.

[Rev. Canon Raine, D C.L.

Botany . H J. Wilkinson.

Conchology . Rev. W. C. Hey, M.A.

Observatory - . T. S. Noble.

Meteorology ------ J. E. Clark, B.A , B.Sc.

Laboratory . J. F. Walker, M A , F.I.C.,

F.O.S., London and Berlin.

GARDEN COMMITTEE.

The Rev. Canon Raine, D.C.L.
Major Barstow, J.P.

A. Buckie, B.A.

Bowden Cattley.

J. Melrose, J.P.

The H on. Secretary (ex-officio).

LECTURE COMMITTEE.

The Rev. Canon Raine, D C L
Tempest Anderson, M D.
Major Barstow, J.P.

F. Collins, M.D.

G. S. Gibb, LL B.

R. Thompson.

The Hon. Secretary (ex-officio).

KEEPER OF THE MUSEUM.
Henry Maurice Platnauer, A.R.S.M , B.Sc.

REPORT OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE

YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY,

February 6th, 1894.

The Council, in presenting their Annual Report for the
year 1893, congratulate the members on the prospects of
the Society, and of the Sciences which it was founded to
promote.

In reports of annual recurrence much variety cannot be
expected, and the rule hitherto adopted will be followed
on the present occasion ; first, briefly to state the present
condition of the Finances, and then to deal with the
various departments of Science as set forth in the reports
of the respective Curators. The Balance Sheet, as audited,
will be laid upon the table and will be more particularly
referred to by the Treasurer after the Report has been read.

The total income of the Society for the past year is
£1,114 14s. 7d., and the expenditure for the year, by one of
those strange freaks in figures, is within Is. of the same
amount.

The shilling, however, is on the right side, and that amount
represents the excess of income over expenditure.

The Gate money for the past year amounts to the sum of
£225 18s. 4d., whilst in the previous year the Society realised
£232 5s. 2d. from that source, leaving a balance of £6 6s. lOd.
in favour of the previous year. The receipts from subscribing
Members, including County Members, Lady Subscribers, and
Associates, and sums paid for Keys of the Gates amount to the
sum of £703. These two sums form the principal items of
income, and the other receipts call for no particular comment
as these are much the same as in previous years. The out¬
goings will be read from the Balance Sheet by the Treasurer.
There is only one item which specially requires notice, that is

8

REPORT OF THE

a sum of £40 8s. Od. paid for antiquities, which will he found
to he fully justified when the report referring to the
Antiquarian Department is read. The Council cannot let
the opportunity pass without expressing their obligations to
the Rev. Canon Raine for the care and attention he has
given to this department, and the valuable additions which-
have been made to it by his foresight and zeal.

The Report will now deal with the various departments
of Science under the charge of the Council.

Antiquarian Department. — The progress of the Anti¬
quarian Department during the past year has been eminently
satisfactory. The new Drainage Works have indeed disclosed
no Roman inscriptions which were anxiously looked for, but
they have revealed memorials of the Roman occupation which
are of the greatest interest. The North Road lias been
discovered in Duncombe Place and Petergate, the foundations
of the gateway at Bootham Bar have been uncovered, and the
road has been traced down Bootham in the direction of
Clifton. But we know now for the first time that the road
diverged to the left before it reached St. Peter’s School to avoid
Clifton, which must then have been under water, and crossed
the ravine near Mr. Teasdale’s house, in Park Drove Avenue,
on a high level Bridge, which carried it over to Clifton Croft
on the other side. It passed under Mr. Melrose’s house,
Clifton Croft, and was discovered in the Road behind, leading
to Clifton Scope, bearing towards the North Riding Asylum,
and with a width of at least 24 feet. The excavations in North
Street and Tanner’s Moat have also been most interesting.
Remains of various Roman buildings were found with masses
of the strongest stonework which must have formed the head
on that side of the water of the great Roman Bridge which
crossed the River opposite to the Mansion House. All through
North Street and Rougier Street, at a depth of between 20
and 30 feet, many fragments of Samian Ware and of other
Roman Pottery, with ornaments, &c., were discovered, which
have now found a home in our Museum. These curiosities of
themselves would have made the past year a conspicuous one to
the Society, but other additions have been made which sensibly

COUNCIL FOR 1893.

9

mark the great progress of our collections. We are indebted
to Mrs. Lund, the widow of Mr. John Lund, sometime of
Scarborough and York, for the gift of her husband’s very
extensive and valuable cabinet of coins. It extends to some
thousands of specimens, chiefly English and Roman, and is the
largest gift which the numismatic portion of our Curiosities has
received for a very long series of years. From Mr. Eugene
Bean, of the Yorkshire Bank in this City, the Society lias also
received his choice series of Roman and other antiquities
discovered in York, which adds largely to the t treasures
stored already in the Hospitium. The only other accession
which it is necessary to mention is a selection from the
Museum of the late Mr. Thomas Bateman, of Youlgrave in
Derbyshire, which was recently dispersed in London. The
Society was fortunately able to purchase nearly the wdiole
of his collection of Old English Buttery, which was gathered
together for him in York by the late Mr. Robert Cook. It
is needless to say how valuable to us in York such specimens
are. Mr. Bateman also acquired numerous Roman antiquities
disinterred in or about York, but these, together with his pre¬
historic remains from Yorkshire and Derbyshire, have found a
home, by private arrangement, in the Sheffield Museum.

Geology. — The Curator of Geology reports that during
the past year the collection of Jurassic Brachiopoda has been
revised, and several additional specimens have been added to
it, but he considered that it was not advisable to alter the old
generic names of these to the new subgenera as the new
nomenclature is not yet settled.

A series of bones of the Ox and Horse, from the bed of
the River Wiske, has been presented by Mr. Hutton.

S. Chadwick, E.G.S., has kindly presented to the Society
very fine specimens of the interesting fossil Solenopora jurassica
from the Lower Calcareous Grit of Ruston, near Hutton
Bushell.

Mineralogy. — The Honorary Curator in Mineralogy reports
that no work has been done in their department beyond
the incorporating of a few new specimens. The most important

10

REPORT OF THE

i

additions to the collection of minerals are some zeolites, chiefly
from Faroe, presented by Miss Birley, and some crystals
obtained from the final diamond washings of the Kimberley
mine, presented by Major Barstow. Several additions have
been made to the rock collection — chiefly igneous rocks.

Report of Conchological Department. — The only
addition to the collections which the Honorary Curator has
to report is a small series of Land and Freshwater shells from
Kashmir. These shells, especially the Fluviatile species, are
very closely related to, and in some cases identical with,
British species ; affording one among many proofs of the
Zoological unity of the great Pahearetic Province.

It is gratifying to observe that Paludinn conteda has been
met with in several localities in south Yorkshire. This species
once occurred near Fulford, but has long been extinct in the
neighbourhood of York, and it was feared that the shell had
ceased altogether to exist in this country, where it reaches the
northern limit of its distribution.

The Honorary Curator, since residing at Ayton, has
investigated the molluscan fauna of that district. In addition
to 24 terrestrial species discovered which are common also to
the York district, 15 others have occurred (not including the
slugs). The most interesting among these are Helix fused, II.
sericea , Hyalin a puna, Vertigo pusilla, Cyclodoma elegans , and
Acme fusca. The river Derwent yields the somewhat scarce
variety of Limnea auricularia known as acuta.

Department of Entomology. — The Honorary Curator
reports that the Allis collection of Lepidoptera, the Hey
collection of Coleoptera and the collections in general are in
good order and preservation.

An excellent economic series of insects, arranged and set
up by Mr. Mosley, of Huddersfield, has been presented by
the Honorary Curator. This series consists of insects useful
or injurious to man ; the latter arranged according to the
substances that they injure.

In addition to this, a series of preparations has been made
to serve the ordinary visitor as an introduction to the study

COUNCIL FOR 1893.

11

of Entomology. To effect this object, full and explanatory
labels have been attached to the specimens worded as plainly
as possible and with the meaning of all technical terms used
given in simple language. The series briefly illustrates the
structure, classification and life history of insects.

Your Honorary Curator designs arranging the whole
systematic part of the collection in the same way. The
number of specimens exhibited may have to be reduced, but
representative forms will be selected for exhibition and these
will be accompanied by full and descriptive labels.

Botany, 1893 —

Phanerogamous Plan Is. — During the past year (1893) the
specimens of British sedges (N.O. Cyperacece) have been
arranged, and are now available for inspection and study.

The difficult genus Carex is well represented in the
collection, by the contributions of Teesdale, Dalton, Middleton,
and Hailstone (1790-1840), also by donations of the late
Dr. Spruce, 0. A. Moore, Ibbotson, Wilkinson, and Walker.

Many of the specimens in this order represent the oldest
records for the County (Yorkshire), and in this respect your
collection is unique.

About 1600 species (embracing 6000 specimens) of British
Phanerogams require to be mounted and arranged before
an authentic catalogue can be issued to the members.
As this will involve much labour and time, it has been
suggested that your Honorary Curator should give an account
of the work already done in connection with the Herbarium,
so that those members who are interested in this branch of
Natural History may have facilities for receiving or imparting
information on the subject.

Cryptogamous Plants. — The Legard collection of Algm is
in good condition.

Lichens. — The Dalton collection is incomplete.

The British Musci and Hepaticae are not represented in
the collection.

Photographic Section. — The number of members and
general attendance at meetings of this section have been well

12

REPORT OF THE

<

maintained during the past year. The general every-day
work done by various members of the section is scarcely of
a character to be appreciated in a report, but must be inspected.
As in previous years, an exhibition of photographic work done
by the members was held in the Museum on the 7th and 8th
December, 1893, thus giving the members of the Yorkshire
Philosophical Society generally an opportunity of judging
for themselves of the quality of the work carried on by this
special section. A few eminent amateur and professional
photographers very kindly lent a considerable number of
their photographs to this local exhibition. The great pictorial
merits and scientific value of these were highly appreciated
and added largely to the success of the conversazione. The
exhibition of lantern slides given by the photographic section
in March was very highly appreciated, judging from the
very crowded condition of the Lecture Theatre on that night.
The section has certainly every encouragement for repeating
these exhibitions of transparency work in the future.

The council have pleasure in announcing that in accordance
with the powers conferred on them by section vii. of the rules,
they have approved a scheme by which persons not members
or associates of the Philosophical Society may be admitted
to the meetings of the photographic section only, on payment
of a small annual subscription.

Comparative Anatomy. — The only addition made to this
department consists of a skeleton of the Otter (Lufra vulgaris)
prepared from a carcase purchased by the Society.

Dr. Jonathan Hutchinson lias called attention to the fact
that a lion’s skeleton in our collection shews the results of
Periostitis. This disease, a rare one in animals, was believed
to be confined to the domestic dog until it was observed some
little time since in the skeleton of a lion in the Dublin
Museum. The latter was the skeleton of a menagerie-kept
lion, and therefore the case is practically that of a domestic
animal. It would be a matter of great interest to know
whether our skeleton is that of a wild animal or not.
Unfortunately the history of this skeleton has been lost.

COUNCIL TOR 1893.

13

In the Ornithological Department, the most important
additions have been made through the kindness of the Rev.
Canon Raine and Dr. Tempest Anderson.

From the former gentleman we have received a fine example
of Stercorarius parasiticus , Linu. (Buffon’s Skua) an adult
bird shot in Bridlington Bay, on September 26th, 1893.

From Dr. Anderson we have received a skin of an adult
Great Northern Diver from Ioeland, along with a considerable
number of Eggs (mostly Ducks’) likewise from Iceland, and all
taken during the season just past.

As in previous years, a few fresh cases have been added to the
new British Bird collection, but some half-dozen more are yet
required to fill the Gallery.

Meteorology. — In contrast to 1892 the past year is notable
as the warmest since 1868, the temperature being in excess in
every month except January. In March the excess was as
much as 4*65° and in April, May, and August, it exceeded
3°. This was due to the unusual amount of sunshine, as the
excess depends almost entirely upon the maxima. The year’s
mean (49 5° for the mean of the maxima and minima) is
FS° above the 50 years’ mean, a value only twice exceeded,
namely, by the record of 50’0° in 1846, and 49*9° in 1868.
Two other years, 1863 and 1884, were equally warm; the
latter was, indeed, decidedly warmer when tested by the
means for 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. This follows from the high value
of 1893 being caused by high maxima. The mean 57 ’5 is
indeed higher than any of our records, the nearest being 57 T
in 1846. The mean of the minima is only half a degree above
the average. The three summer months each gave absolute
maxima considerably above 80, the highest, 85 ’3 on July 9th,
being 7T° higher than last year. 80° or above was recorded
three times in June (19-21) in July (2, 8, 9) and five times
in August (8, 14, 15, 17, 18) or eleven times in all. The
extreme range, 78‘3, is the most since 1881 (82 2°), being
exceeded only twice besides, in 1873 (79°) and 1854 (82’5°).

The maximum in March (68°) is slightly higher than our
previous records, though not more than a degree above those
for 1841, 1884, and 1892. The mean max., 55*5°, is over a

14

REPORT OP THE

degree higher than the previous record — 543 in 1841.
Details will he found elsewhere. The April maximum (76°)
was just equalled in 1869; but the mean (6T1°) exceeds by
07 that of 1844. Perhaps most remarkable were the two
weeks from August 7-21, including the five maxima over 80,
the average maxima being 77*2, while the 6 p.m. values
averaged 7P9°. On the 18th, the hottest day, a dense cloud
gathered over York at 12 o’clock, wrhen the rise was checked.
At Driffield a maximum of 90° was reached (Mr. J. Lovel,
F.M.S., observations) between one and two p.m. Frosts were
frequent up to mid- April, and in November.

Mean pressure varied little from the average ; the range was
2*10 inches. Minima below 29 inches occurred in three
months. The most serious consequence was the storm of
November Nth, associated with a violent easterly gale and
snow, and resulting in the loss of at least 300 lives. Exposed
windows showed signs of salt spray.

The excess of bright sunshine (the total, 1595 hours, being
372 J hours above the mean) was divided among all the
months except January. Its deficiency of 4J hours was made
up in the next month, whilst March and October had 50% of
the ordinary amount and April almost double. This month
actually gave 57% of the possible amount, the nearest approach
to which, in any month, was for May, in 1881 and 1882,
when 54% and 55% were reached. The actual hours were
exceeded in those years. The August total and percentage
likewise exceed any previous records for that month. The
same is true of March, September, and October ; the last
month had not previously exceeded 100 hours.

Rain or Snow, to an amount exceeding ’005 inch of water,
fell on 165 days, or 5 less than the average. The total fall
was 2J inches below the mean, although as many months were
above as below. The chief deficiency was in March, April,
and June, especially in the two former months, when we
fully shared in the drought which further south remained
practically unbroken until July or even September. Thunder¬
storms account for several heavy falls, notably the highest
for the year, on July 3rd, and a second in the same week,
of 075 on the 9th. On this last occasion most abnormal falls

COUNCIL FOR 1893.

15

of hail occurred, locally, along a belt from Boston to Richmond.
The worst visitations were at Harrogate and Richmond, at, or
near both of which, hundreds of thousands of panes of glass
were smashed, some hailstones being five inches in diameter.
Many animals, such as lambs, were killed, and a corrugated iron
roof was actually pierced. Photographs of the hailstones were
taken by Mr. Metcalfe, of Richmond. These show strikingly
the structure of these remarkable ice masses, which do not
seem to have been agglomerations of smaller stones, as there
is marked concentric structure.

The cumulative totals for the three wettest months, from
1841*, are August, 144T5 ; October, 141 * 14 ; July, 14087;
next comes September, 12390.

Four Floods of seven feet and more occurred, namely, 7ft.
8ins., on February lltli ; 7ft. 1 Oft , on the 15th ; 12ft. bin., on
March 3rd (still 10ft. on the 5th), and 8ft. on December 14th.
The water was at Summer level on 56 days, although the
number would have been much larger had it not been so
constantly drawn off in April, May, and August. From March
24th to September 30tli the water was never more than a foot
above Summer level except once in June, three times in July,
and once in August. These values are taken from the daily
records from the Ouse Bridge Ouage, kindly supplied for so
many years by Mr. Stephenson. We are for the first time able
to present as well the results (from mid- August) given by the
automatic recorder erected by Mr. A. Greer, the City Surveyor,
at the Guildhall Offices. We have pleasure in recording this as
one result of the action taken in consequence of the disastrous
flood of mid-October, 1892. The City Council, with the co¬
operation of the North Riding County Council, has also caused
guages to be erected at Richmond on the Swale and Ley burn
and Ripon on the Ure, with arrangements for telegraphic
despatches whenever the waters rise. These are posted by Mr
Creer upon a bulletin board outside the Guildhall, whenever
the water is high.

The numbers in the column “ visibility ” are obtained by
observations on the West Riding Hills, values of 1,2, and 3
being assigned according as they are “ visible,” “ clear,” or

* By a misprint the corresponding paragraph last year had 1871 for 1841.

16

REPORT OF THE

“ very clear.’' They were for a second time seen in December.
The previous year was unusually clear, but 1893 far exceeded
it. There was an excess all through the year except January,
just as with the maximum thermometer and hours of bright
Sunshine. The chief excess in the former year was in April
and May, but this year the highest values were in September
and October. The year’s total, 116, is nearly treble the
average.

25 Auroras were observed during the year ; 5 in February,
1 in March, 2 in April, 3 in August, 3 in September, 5 in
November, and 6 in December. This is the largest number
in any year since notes were first taken in the early seventies.
None, however, were specially conspicuous, only a few being
accompanied by streamers.

Mock Suns were twice noted, on May 30th and October
31st, an unusually small number.

Mre again beg to acknowledge the kindness of several
gentlemen in supplying us with the returns entered under their
names in our tables. In doing this it is our sad duty to notice
the death of Mr. Henry Bichardson, who for so many years has
supplied us with returns from Cherry Hill, York, and Cherry
Bank, Ilkley.

The Society has lost by death 7 Members and 2 Lady
Subscribers ; 21 Members, 4 Lady Subscribers and 4 Associates
have resigned during the past year : whilst 16 new Members,
5 Lady Subscribers, 1 Associate and 1 temporary Subscriber
have been added to the Society’s List.

The Council propose for election as New Members of
Council : — Mr. B. Thompson, Mr. J. E. Clark, and Mr. H.
Dennis Taylor, in the room of Mr. J. Backhouse, Mr. A.
Buckle, and J. W. Proctor, who retire by rotation. The
Council also recommend the re-election of Mr. C. E. Elmhirst,
who was elected a member of the Council for one year at the
last general meeting.

The Council recommend that the following gentlemen be
elected Honorary Members of the Society : — Dr. Clifford
Albutt, Begius Prof. Phys., Camb., F.B.S., Dr. Jonathan
Hutchinson, LL.D., M.B., F.B.C.S., Dr. Hughlings Jackson,

COUNCIL FOR 1893.,

17

LL.D.,M.D.,F.R.C.P., Dr. Pfarrer Engel, Dr. Szabo (Director
of the Austrian Geological Survey).

Obituary. — On the 31st December, 1893, the remains of
Dr. Spruce were interred in the churchyard of Terrington,
Yorkshire. The late Dr. Spruce derived much pleasure and
instruction from our Herbarium, to which he made many
contributions during the years 1838-1848. In 1849 he left
England under the direction of the authorities at Kew, for the
purpose of exploring the Amazon and its tributaries. In this
expedition he was engaged fifteen years, and the results of his
labour were of considerable importance to the commercial
world. Owing to the destruction of the Cinchona trees in
South America it was feared that the supply of this important
bark would soon be exhausted. In 1860, at much personal
danger and risk, Mr. Spruce precured seeds of the Cinchona
and transmitted them to India. Since this period the cultiva¬
tion of the Cinchona trees has been thoroughly established in
India, and a supply of this valuable bark (and consequently of
quinine) is thus ensured.

Thursday, February 9th
,, ,, 16th.

i }

5 5

) >

5 >
? }
> J

> »

23rd.

March 2nd.

The following Lectures have been given in the Museum
during the past year : —

“ English Novels,” by the Pev. Canon
Lowther Clarke, M.A.

“ Some Common Defects of Sight, with
Special Deference to the Public
Safety,” by Tempest Anderson,
M.D., B.Sc.

“Temporary Stars, by Dr. Ralph
Copeland, F.R. S.E., F.R.A.S.
(Astronomer Royal for Scotland).
“Man’s Influence on Nature.” (No.

III. Plant Life.) By H. M.

Platnauer, B.Sc.

“Man’s Influence on Nature.” (No.

IV. Animal Life). By H. M.

Platnauer, B.Sc.

“Roman Children,” by the Rev.

Canon Raine, D.C.L.

“Lantern Night.

“ Corsica,” by J. W. Barry, M.A.

“ On some Marine Animals.” (Illus¬
trated by the real objects prepared as
transparent Lantern Slides.) By H.
Clifton Sorby, LL.D., F.R.S.

“The Dialect of East Yorkshire,” by
the Rev. C. F. Marmaduke Morris,
M.A., B.C.L.

“ Photographic Record of the Rocks.”
(Illustrated by Lantern Pictures

) >

>>

9th.

16th.

,, 23rd.
April 6th.
November 2nd.

> j

> >

9 th.

16th.

18

selected from the collection of the
British Association Geological Photo¬
graphs Committee.) By Osmund W.
Jeffs.

Thursday, Nov. 23rd. “ The Diamond Pields of South

Africa.” '(Illustrated by Lantern
Pictures.) By Charles E. Stewart.

,, ,, 30th. “North Iceland.” (Illustrated by

Lantern Pictures.) By Tempest
Anderson, M.D., B.Sc.

,, December 7th. A Conversazione, in the Museum, 8 to

10-30 p.m.

NEW MEMBERS.

Bollans, Mrs., 1, Grosvenor Terrace.

Chapman, Gerald W., 5, Micldegate .

Coates, Mrs., Davy gate.

Croft, Mrs., Gillygate.

Forbes, C. M., New Street.

Forbes, Andrew, Clifton.

Gostling, J. H., 40, Stonegate.

Gray, Pev. T. D., 1, St. Mary's.

Moon, J., 17, St. Mary's.

Pierce, Dr. Bedford, The Retreat.

Porter, Major T. C., The Sycamores, Bootham Terrace.
Simmons, Chas., St. Helen's Square.

Steel, Charles, 22, The Mount.

Taylor, E. M., 9, Minster Yard.

Yates, Mrs. F., 20, Bootham Crescent.

Yeld, George, Clifton.

NEW LADY SUBSCRIBERS.

Daniel, Mrs., Cliff Villa, Clifton.

Ditmas, Miss F., 3, St. Mary's.

Hill, Miss Edith, 14, St. Saviour's Place.
lies, Mrs., Micklegate.

Teale, Miss, 35, Price Street.

NEW ASSOCIATE.

Spence, Malcolm, Clifton.

TEMPORARY MEMBER.

Everard, Miss E. V., 12, St. Mary's.

STATION, YORK. — THE MUSEUM.

Longitude 1" 5' W., Latituoe 53” 57' N. Height above Mean Sea Level 51 feet.

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^ ^ pH

C P o

o o

CO

CO

P CO p

r- *

f—H

r-H

rP © .

*? > p

P O •

P <e

05

00 CO 00 >o

o o o o o

Eh

m

p

o

Depth

below

S.L.

^ 00 00

1C ^

£ £

6

£ ^

0 P P

P P P P

£

** r«o

P- Ph

P p p. p

H

- 2

OONO

r-H —

CO CO CO CO

pH r-H i-H <—

HdC0^«5(DN00®O

(NM'f'CCONOOOO'-MCO'fiOCONOOOOH
r— * »— t I—, f— ' f-H i—_ i— h r— < CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CC

DIFFERENCES IN 1893 FROM MEANS.

Colums 1 — 6 for fifty years, 1841 — 90 ; Columns 7—10 for ten years.

Mean
Bai\ meter.

Thermometer.

Rain.

Rainy

Days.

Mean

Rel.

Humidy-

1881-90-

Sunshine.

(1881—1890).

Visibility.

1883-1892.

Min.

Max.

Mean
of both.

Flours.

Per¬

centage.

Jan.

+ 0-18

- 1*7

— 0-8

- 1-25

— 0-43

+ 2|

+ 1'3

- H

— 1-6

— 1-9

Feb.

— 0-29

4- 2-0

4- 1-6

+ 1*8

4-0-85

-f 5

4- 1-6

4- 4

-f P5

-f- 3-0

Mar.

+ U-20

4- 0-8

4- 8-5

4-4-65

— 1-37

— 7

— 2-3

+ 54 J?

4-15-1 ?

4- 2-1

Apiil

-f 0-31

— 0-2

4- 7-5

4-3-65

- 1-07

— 5i

- 3-2

4- 112

4-26-4

4- 3-7

May

-f 0-12

4- 2-0

4- 4-6

4- 3-3

4-0-13

— 3

— o-i

+ 11

4- 2-2

4- 3-7

June

4- 0-05

4- 0-4

4~ 2-5

4- 1-45

- 1-01

- 4f

4- 0-5

+ 28*

-f 5-5

4- 8-9

July

— 0-03

4- 0-3

4- 0 o

4- 0-4

4-0-93

+ 2|

— 0-9

+ >o*

4- 1-9

—

Aug.

+ 0-07

4- 2-7

4-6

4-3-65

4-0-13

+ 2

— 1-3

+ 51*

4- 11-5

4- 8-3

Sept.

— 012

— 0-8

4- 0-9

4-0-05

— 0-88

- o|

— 3-9

+ 39 a

4- 10-9

4- 16-4

Oct.

— 002

4- 0-2

4- 2-6

4- 1-4

— 0-58

— 4

— 1-6

+ 55i

4- 16-9

+ 20-2

Nov.

4- 0T1

— 1-8

4- 1-2

— 0-3

4- 0-09

+ 2j

— 2-2

+ 2

+ 1-1

+ 7-7

Dee.

- o-oi

4- 1-9

4- 3-9

4- 2-9

4-0-71

+ 5

— 1-6

+ Si

4- 4-5

4- 0-9

Year

4- 0 045

4-

4- 3-1

-f- 1-8

— 2-50

- 6i

— 1-3

+ 372*

-f 6-5

4- 73-0

(29-949)

(41-5)

(67 *5)

(49-50)

(22-51)

(165)

(83-2)

(1595)

(33-3)

(116)

SUPPLEMENTARY RETURNS

SUPPLIED BY

H. RICHARDSON, ESQ., and R. THOMPSON, ESQ.

RAINFALL.

|

1 893

_
i /

— - - -

SUNSHINE

SCALBY, nr. SCARBORO.

CHERRY

ILKLEY.

AT

i

H ILL.

OSWALDKIRK.

1892.

1893.

Inches.

Inches.

Hrs.

Min.

Hrs.

Min.

January .

1-23

1-00

39-88

50

40

58

0

February .

2-29

3-81

57-75

50

35

70

30

March .

•30

1 37

179-45

139

5

182

0

April .

•47

1-03

227-20

204

35

210

0

May .

1-83

2-35

174-45

162

50

167

30

June V . . .

1-37

2-63

169-65

163

30

171

30

J uly .

3-99

3-27

158-30

118

5

167

30

August .

2-89

2-84

189-05

135

0

194

40

September .

1-51

308

142-05

127

5

162

0

October' .

1*91

3-89

123-50

81

30

142

0

November .

2-11

2-22

43-80

50

20

41

30

December .

2-64

4-86

36-65

54

30

48

35

Total .

22-54

32-35

1541-73

1337

45

1615

45

The above are Calendar months throughout.

THE TREASURER IN ACCOUNT WITH

THE YOKKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

FOR THE YEAR ENDING 81st DECEMBER, 1893.

ZB t. INCOME.

£. 1

s. d

£.

Subscriptions :

-

Town Members .

556

0

0

Country Members .

17

0

0

Temporary Members ..

1

0

0

Lady Subscribers .

52

0

0

Associates .

13

0

0

Arrears .

12

15

0

Keys of Gates .

50

5

6

Donations .

1

0

0

703

Rents :

Sir Reginald Oakes, Bt.,

and Major Allenby, St.
Mary's Lodge .

57

10

0

Mr. Sykes, Bootham and

Marvgate Towers ....

24

0

0

Mr.Hill, Marvgate Baths
York Amateur Rowing

40

0

0

Club .

5

0

0

Corporation of lTork . .
Yrork and District Field

2

0

0

Naturalists' Society,
Ipss £1 paid to Attend-

ant .

2

0

0

Water Works Company

0

1

0

1 'Jfl

Hire of Tent and Tables. . 19 15 2

1.668 :

Expenses of fixing,

Carriage and Repairs .. 4 19 0

- 14 16 2

Meteorological Department . 1512 0

Whitsuntide Admission

Fees . 13 12 4

Less :

Attendants and

Police . 4 2 0

Joiners Fixing
Barricades .. 0 12 9

- 4 14 9

- 8 17 7

Sale of Catalogues . 9 2 6

Sale of Photographs . 5 0 8

Sale of Plants . 1 8 0

Bank Interest . 0 8 4

Gate Money . 225 18 4

£1114 14 7

Balance in hands of the Treasurer,

31st December, 1893. . . . 39 7 2

£39 7 2

The Legacy of £600 received by the Society
from the Executors of the late Dr. Reed was in
November last invested in York Corporation
3 per cent. Redeemable Stock, the interest
thereon being payable half-yearly on the 1st of
January and the 1st of July.

EXPENDITURE. art.

£. s. d. £. s d.

Crown Rent . 1 0 0

Corporation Bent . 19 9 2

Rates aurl Taxes :

Rates and Taxes, Parishes
of St. Wilfrid and St.

Olave .

23

2

7

Waterworks Companv ....

3

9

6

Gardeners’ Licenses _

2

5

0

Stamping Receipt Book ..

1

9

2

Legacy Duty on Dr. Reed's

Specific bequest of

Specimens, Books, &c.

1

12

0

- 31 18

Insurance . 7 5 0

Salaries and Watjes :

Mr. Platnauer . 200 0 0

Mr. Fielden . 60 0 0

Miss Baines . 39 0 0

Mr. Guy . 25 0 0

Attendants, Museum and
Hospitium, viz :

Attendant at Mu¬
seum . 61 14 0

Female attendant

at Museum.... 20 8 0
Female attendant
at Hospitium. . 32 10 0

- 114 12 0

Gardeners, including Sun¬
day duty at Gate snd

extra Labour . 85 10 6

- 527 2 6

Yorkshire Insurance Companv—

Annuity . . ... 198 5 1

General Repairs, and Expenses.

Museum and Hospitium,

Additions, Repairs and

Expenses . 34 7 3

Gardens do . 15 6 6

Estate : General

Repairs . 19 11 7

Baths: Allowance
to Tenant for
Repairs 20 0 0

Fixing Lattice on
Bath Wall .... 5 0 0

- 44 11 7

94

5

4

Library .

16

2

1

Lectures and Conversazione . . .

45

15

9

Printing and Stationery .

9

12

9

Printing Reports & postages thereof

25

0

1

Printing Communications to Mem-

hers and postages of same . 4 2 0

Gas, Coal, and Coke :

Museum . ]8 7 10

Gardens . 10 13 9

Estate . 17 6 0

- 46 7 7

Antiquities : Purchases and Repairs 40 8 0

Meteorological Department . 15 12 0

Catalogues for Sale . 12 10 0

Photographs for Sale . ’ * 5 1 3

Sundry Postages . 5 5 7

Military Bands . 4 8 4

Sundries, including Carriage of
Parcels, Firewood, &c. . . 4 2 7

„ £1114 13 7

Excess of Income over Expenditure 0 1 0

£1114 14 7

Balance in hands of the Treasurer

31 st December, 1892 . 39 g 2

Excess of Income over Expenditure"

1893 . .’ 0 1 0

£39 7 2

EDWIN GRAY, Hon. Treasurer

Examined and found correct,

J. A. CUNNINGHAME.

York, 2nd February 1894.

25

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM & LIBRARY.

LIBRARY.

Books Presented.

The Journal of the Chemical Society of 1
London, vols. lxiii. & lxiv., 1893, and / The

Donors.

Society.

)

The Society.

j The Indian Survey.

abstracts.

The Bulletin of the American Geographi¬
cal Society, vol. xxiv., No. 4, vol. xxv..

Nos. 1, 2, 3.

The Transactions of the New York j

Academy of Sciences, vol. xii., 1892- ( The Academy.
93, with Index and Title Pages.

Becords of the Geological Survey of |

India, vol. xxv., part iv., vol. xxvi., ( The
parts i., ii., and iii.

The Deport of the British Association for |

the Advancement of Science, Edin- » The Association,
burgh, 1892. ‘

The Memoirs of the Russian Geological \
and Natural History Societies, vol. xii., j
Nos. 1 & 2, vol. xxi., No. 1., vol. xxii., | Tlle Societies-
Nos. 1 & 2. )

The United States Geographical and'

Geological Survey, vol. vii., Contribu¬
tions to North American Ethnology,
and Annual Deports of the Bureau of
Ethnology for 1885-6 & i 886-7. The
Annual Deport of the United States
Geological Survey, 1889-90, parts i.
and ii. Bibliography of the Athapas¬
can and Chinookan Languages, b}7 J.

Constantine Pilling. J

Catalogue of the British Echinoderms,

by E. Jeffrey Bell, M.A.

Catalogue of Birds, vol. xxi., by T.

Salvadori.

Catalogue of Snakes, vol. i., by G. A.

Boulenger.

Catalogue of Madreporaria, vol. i., by J-^he
G. Brook.

Illustrations of typical specimens of
Lepidoptera Heterocera, by G. F.

Hampson, and Guide to Sowerby’s
Models of British Fungi in the British
Musem.

The

United States

Survey.

Trustees of the
British Museum.

26

The Transactions of the Edinburgh j

Geological Society, vol vi., part v., t The Society.

and Roll of Members. '

The Transactions of the Zoological]

Society of London, vol. xiii., parts |

. . ,. , . ^The Society,

v. & vi., and Proceedings, part iv., j

1892, part i., 1893. J

The Proceedings of the Geologists’ '

Association, vol. xiii., parts i., ii., iii., j The Association.

iv., & v. )

The Memoirs and Proceedings of the j

Manchester Literary and Philosophical The Society.
Society, vols. vi. & vii. , parts i., ii., & iii. j
The Journal of the Manchester Geo- \

graphical Society, vol.viii., Nos. 1 — 6., The Society,
vol. ix., Nos. 1 — 6. '

The Transactions of the Manchester )

Microscopical Society, 1892. ' Ihe Society.

The Proceedings of the Poyal Institution \

of Great Britain, vol. xiii., part iii., / The Institution.

No. 86. '

The Proceedings of the Rochester /

Academy of Sciences, vol. ii., Nos. 1 & 2. ^ ^ie ^ca(^em3 •
The Transactions of the Burton-on -Trent '

J

Natural History and Archaeological j
Society, vols. i. & ii. '

The Transactions of the Leicester ]
Literary and Philosophical Society,
New Series, vol. ii., part xii., vol. iii.,
parts i. & ii.

The Sixth Annual Report of the
University of Nebraska, Agricultural
Experiment Station. Article I., Cul¬
ture of Sugar Beet in Nebraska;
Article IV., Detasseling Corn; Article
V., Meteorological Observations for
1892, and University Studies in the
University of Nebraska. J

Transactions of the Seventh Inter¬
national Congress of Hygiene and
Demography, vols. i. to xiii.

Memoirs of the Geological Survey of
New South Wales, part ii. Records,
vol. iii., part ii.

The Society.

The Society.

r The University.

Eyre & Spottiswoode,
through Dr. Poore.

The Survey.

21

History and Description of a New'
Sperm Wliale in the Australian
Museum, Guide to the contents of the
Museum, descriptive Catalogue of the
general collection of Minerals, Cata¬
logue of the Echinodermata, descriptive
Catalogue of the Sponges, Catalogue J,
of the Australian Birds, parts i.,ii.,iii.,
Catalogue of Australian Hy droid
Zoophytes, Catalogue of the Marine
Shells of Australia and Tasmania, parts
i. & ii., Hints on the Preservation
of Specimens of Natural History.

-

Pecords of the Australian Museum )
and Annual Deports for 1890-91. J

The Ely Episcopal Records by A. Gibbons, )
E.S.A.

The Australian

Museum.

The Author.

A Monograph of the British Jurassic
Gasteropoda, part i., No. 6, by W. II.
Hudleston, M.A., F.R.S.

The Pyramids of Gizeh, by E. J.
Andrews.

Transactions of the Kansas Academy of
Science, vol. xiii., 1891-92.

The Proceedings of theBristolNaturalists’
Society, New Series, vol. vii., part ii.
The Proceedings of the Bath Natural
History and Antiquarian Field Club,

j* The Author.

| S. W. North, F.G.S.
J The Academy,
j The Society.

! The Club.

The Academy.

vol. vii., No. 4.

The Transactions of the Academy of
Science of St. Louis, vol.vi., Nos.i. — viii.

Annalen des K.K. Naturhistorischen ) ,

[ The Society.

Hofmuseums, vol. viii., part i. )

Bergen Museum, Aarsberetning for ) ^ Museum

1891-92. I 116 U8GUn]

The Journal of the Northamptonshire \

Natural History Society, vol. vii., Nos. / The Society.

49 — 52, and Index to vol. vi. '

Mittheilungen des Yereins fur Erdkunde )
zu Leipzig, 1892. )

Det kongelige Norske Yidenskaber & ) ^

Selskabs Skrifter, 1891. j

Transactions of the Yorkshire Naturalists’

Union, parts viii., x., xi., xii., xiii., t H. M. Platnauer, B.Sc.

xiv, xv., xvi. ;

The Proceedings and Transactions of the

Nova Scotian Institute of Science, vol. \ The Institute,
i., part ii.

I The Society.
The Society.

m

28

The Yorkshire Carboniferous j The Union.

The Author.

The Society.

Birkin.

Manuscript List of Papers and Minutes of

the Museum Monday Evening Meet- \ Mr. T. Boynton,
ings, 1829-1848.

Transactions of the Yorkshire Naturalists’

Union.

Flora, by P. Kidson.

Eoman Inscriptions in Britain, by F.-\

Haverfield, M.A. y

The Annual Beport of the Leeds Literary
and Philosophical Society, 1892-93.

Hindustani Dictionary, and Selections in ) Canon Barnes-Lawrence,
Hindustani, by John Shakespear.

Monter chius , J. Numismata rariora ex Biblio¬

theca Casp. Carpegnae.

OJces, The Rev. Holt Tables of Weight and Yalue of

Ancient Coins.

Provincial Coins or tokens.

Specimen universse rei num-
rnariae antiquae.

Selecta numismata antiquae ex
rnuseo Petri Seguini.

Seventy- one Plates of Gold and
Silver Coin.

Epitome Thesauri Antiquitatum |
ex Museoes Jacobi de Strada j Mrs. Lund,
Mantuani. f Clapham,

Pye, Charles
Helvetus , H . AL.

Seguin, P.

Snelling.

Mantuanus ,

J. de Strada

Nolle , M.

Two dissertations upon

the

Mint and

Coins of

the

Episcopal

Palatines

of

Durham.

Vertue , G.
Bellori , G. P.

medaglie
Christina.

Extract from the Transactions of
Boyal Society.

Medals, Coins, &c., of Thomas
Simon.

L’Historia Augusta da Guilio
Cesare a Constantino illus-
trata dell’antiche medaglie da
Francesco Angeloni, delle
della

Pegina

London.

the

The organisation of
the Fossil Plants of the Coal Measures.
(Beprint from the Journal of the
Quekett Microscopical Society.) Address
on the Mineralization of the minute
tissues of Animals and Plants. General
Morphological and Histological Index
to the Author’s Collective Memoirs on
the Fossil Plants of the Coal Measures,
by Prof. W. C. Williamson.

The Author.

29

The Journal of the Liverpool Geological
Association, vol. xii., 1891-92.

The Report and Transactions of the
Penzance Natural History and Anti¬
quarian Society, 1892-93.

The Proceedings of the Cambridge Anti¬
quarian Society, No. 34.

Annual Report and Abstract of Papers
of the Brighton and Sussex Natural
History & Philosophical Society, 1822.

On the Management of Pastures, by
Prof. J. Buckman. The Brachiopoda
from the Inferior Oolite of Dorsetshire
and part of Somerset. The sections
exposed between Andoversford and
Ched worth, and reprint from the
Journal of Geological Society. The
Bajocian of the Sherborne district, by
S. S. Buckman, F.G.S.

Scientific Alliance of New York. Pro¬
ceedings of 1 st and 2nd Joint Meetings,
and Third Annual Directory.

The Bulletin of the Mexican Astronomical
Observatory, vol. i., No. 13.

The Report of the International Meteoro¬
logical Conference at Munich, 1891.
Report of the Meteorological Council
to the Royal Society for the year end¬
ing 3 1st March, 1892, and daily and
weekly Weather Reports for 1893.

Handbooks of the Manchester Museum
(Owens College), Outline Classification
of the Animal and V egetable kingdoms,
and Catalogue of the Type Fossils.

The Russian Historical Museum at
Moscow, by Willoughby Gardner.

On the Enigmatical Flint Bodies, by
E. Charlesworth, F.G.S.

The 17tli Report of the Whitby Literary
and Philosophical Society, 1892.

The 22nd Annual Report of the borough
of Bradford Public Free Library and
Art Museum Committee.

Atti della Reale iiccademia dei Lincei,
vol. i. , Nos. 2, 10, 11.

On Occulating Micrometers and their
value as applied to exact Astronomical
measurements, by 0. A. L. Pihl.

P

The Association.

The Society.

F. H. Neville, M.A.

The Society.

[-The Author.

The Alliance.

The Council.

\

The Meteorological

Council.

> The Committee.

I

The Author.

The Author.

I
)

| The Society.

The Committee.

)

The Academy.

The Author.

30

The Author.

Catalogue of fossils in the Students’ .

Strati graphical Series, and Extract f

from Geological Magazine for March, i

1893, by H. Woods, B.A.

Contribution to the history of the Geology

of the borough of Leicester, by ! The Author.

Montagu Browne, F.G.S. /

The 27th Annual Report of the W7ood-

wardian Museum and Lecture Room ( The Author.

Syndicate, by Prof. Hughes. )

The 59th Annual Report of the York

School Natural History, Literary, and > The School.

Polytechnic Society for 1893. '

Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze, )

’ The Author.

Nos. 169 185. )

Pre-historic and Roman Remains in W7est \

Dorset and the neighbourhood of Brid- | Mr. J. F. WTalker.
port, by W. G. Boswell Stone. J

MUSEUM.

GEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT.

Bones of the Ox and Horse from the )

bed of the Wieke. I Mr' IIutton-

A Piece of Wrood from the Wharf e at \

Townsville, Queensland, pierced by ! Mrs. Oxtoby.

Teredo. )

Six Specimes of Selenopora Jurassica from ) Mr. S. Chadwick,
the calcareous grit, Ruston, Yorkshire. ( F.G.S.

Specimens of Terebratula maxillata from\
the Great Oolite, Kirtlington, Oxford.

Two specimes of Athyris concentrica ,
from the Middle Devonian, Boulogne.

Specimes of Acanthotliyris paucispina
and other Brachiopods; three specimens
of Rhynconella from the Lower Calc.

Grit, Hutton Bu shell. ,

ANTIQUITIES.

A Stone Axe from the Island of St. i
Vincent, West Indies.

A very fine collection of Coins, Roman
and English, Gold, Silver, and Bronze.

Part of a Norman Cross, found at Hun-
manby.

A Sixpence of George III., in good
■preservation.

Mr. J. F. Walker, M.A.

Major Barstow.

Mrs. Lund,

Clapham, London.

Mr. T. Boynton.

Mr. Busby.

31

A Bronze Statue of Hercules, found in x
Peaseholme Green, York, in 1852 ;
the weight of a bronze steelyard in the
shape of a female head, found at
Cirencester in 1780 ; two votive Bulls’
Heads of bronze ; a bronze Pin (sil¬
vered), and a fibula, found in York :
all these from the Bateman collection
just dispersed ; a glass Bottle, marked
I. V., 1742, for Isaac Umpleby, of
Barrow-on-Humber ; and a blue Plate
from The Belle Yue Pottery, Hull.

A Badge bearing St. Cuthbert’s Cross.
Three British Urns, and some flint im- \
plements, found in a barrow at Marton, ?
near Flamborough. )

A large collection of Poman curiosities, x
discovered in York, comprising twenty
Urns, and many specimens of Samian
ware; two glass Bottles ; two jet Pins;
many fine implements and ornaments
in bone and bronze ; a small gold Ping ;
several Danish curiosities, including
an Ear-ring of amber ; a number of
Coins ; three mediaeval Vessels ; a
Moorish Dagger-knife, and two African
implements, etc. 1

Papers found on the field of Waterloo a \
few days after the Battle, by Mr. W. /
Whytehead. J

Mr. Boynton.

Mr. G. E. Barton.

Mr. Palph Creyke,

Pawcliff Hall.

Mr. E. Bean,

The Bank.

Mr. T. B. Whytehead.

ZOOLOGY AND COMPAKATIVE ANATOMY.

Specimen of the Dace. | Mr. John Melrose.

Three Specimens of Helix alternata from ,

Illinois Piver, and a Mytilus shell from l Mr. Lund.

U. S. America. )

Sets of Eggs of the following Birds from .

Iceland : Ped-breasted Merganser,

Eider Duck, Harlequin Duck, Long¬
tailed Duck, Pochard, Scaup Duck,

Scoter, Widgeon, Black Guillemot, ) p>r< Tempest Anderson.
Wheatear (two nests), Red-throated
Diver, Great Northern Diver, and
White Wagtail, also skin of the Great

Northern Diver.

A small series of Shells from Tasmania. | Mr. J. E. Clark, B. Sc,
A small collection of Shells. | Miss Kirby.

32

A Velvet Scoter, shot near Goole, Jan. ^
20th, 1893 ; a Snow Bunting from
Teesdale, Feb. 6th, 1893 ; a Jack
Snipe, 'shot in Kirby Overblow, Low
Fields, Dec. 2nd, 1893; a variety of
Partridge, picked up dead under tele¬
graph wires two and a-half miles from
Thirsk, Dec. 31st, 1893.

An Adult Buffon’s Skua, shot in Brid- )
lington Bay, Sept. 26th, 1893.

Mr. J. Backhouse,
F.Z.S.

f

Rev. Canon Paine.

A collection of Birds’ Skins and several | ]^rg pp q g]iaun
small mammalian Skulls. j

MINERALOGY.

A collection of Minerals from Faroe.

Crystals obtained in the final washings /
for diamonds, Kimberley. \

Specimen of Quartzite from Teesdale.

Miss C. Birley,

Manchester.

Major J. A. Barstow.

Mr. J. Backhouse,
F.Z.S.

Two Pock specimens and two Crystals of j

Stalactite from America.

Mr. Lund.

!

Pock specimen of Portland Stone from ) __ _ _ _

[ Mr. F. J. Barnes,
the Isle of Portland. \

APPARATUS, &c

A new Lamp for lighting the Garden \

Path.

Mr. James Melrose.

SERIAL WORKS SUBSCRIBED FOR,

Natural History of the Tineina, by H. T. Stanton, F.R.S.

Nautical Almanack. Proceedings of the Zoological Society

Publications of the Palaeontographical Society.

,, ,, Ray Society.

Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conchyliorum
Annals and Magazine of Natural History.

Journal of the British Archaeological Association.

Geological Magazine. Numismatic Chronicle.

Memoires de la Societe Paleontologique Suisse.

D’Orbigny’s Paleontologie Frangaise. Geological Record.

Nature. Publications of the Surtees Society.

Hardwicke’s “Science Gossip.”

The Yorkshire Archaeological Journal.

Annals of British Geolog}7. Natural Science.

Year Book of Learned Societies.

The Royal Natural History.

Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France.

Annales de Geologie et de Paleontologie, Palerme.

Annuaire Geologique Universel.

SUNSPOT PERIODS AND THE YORK

RAINFALL.

This question was considered to a slight extent in the paper
on “ Fifty Years of York Meteorology,” printed in the
Report for 1891. The conclusion was then drawn that the
annual rainfall did not give any special indication either way.
The fifty years included four maxima and five minima.
Taking 16 years selected about each of these periods, it was
found that the 16 nearest the four maxima gave 422*58
inches of rain, and the 16 nearest the five minima gave only
385'65 inches. The fluctuation of 36*93 inches, or 9J°/0, falls,
of course, very far short of yearly fluctuations, or even de¬
cennial values, thanks to the exceptional nature of the
seventies.

When, however, the monthly values for the four wettest
months were considered there was a decided contrast. This
has led me to examine all twelve months in the same manner.
The results are exhibited in the accompanying table.

Month by month there is great irregularity, as might be
expected, from the comparatively small numbers dealt with.
It is obvious, however, that during maxima, there is a tendency
to excess of rainfall, with a small exception in May and a
most marked minimum in August. The former may well be
accidental. It is difficult to suppose such to be the case in the
latter. The difference changes from a negative value of nearly
twenty inches, or 61% of the value at maxima, to a positive
value of nearly 11 inches (or 33%) in September, and 14£
inches (or 44%) in October. June, likewise, has an excess of
nearly 40%, whereas July is practically the same at maxima
and minima, thus preparing the wray for August. The
popular attribution of broken weather after St. Swithin’s
suggests that, were July taken day by day, or week by week,
the change from positive to negative might show itself about
the last week of the month.

If the months are “ Bloxamised ” in couples the curve
remains positive all through, except for the July-August-
September period. It ranges from +38 J% for September-
October to — 21 J% for July-August.

This single but considerable exception to the general excess
of rainfall in periods of sun-spot maxima becomes, it will be
noticed, a matter of supreme importance from its happening
about harvest time. It gives a sufficient reason for sun-spot

34

maxima and good harvests frequently coinciding, although
there is a tendency to excess of rain in such years. The excess
comes in June and late autumn ; the latter after harvest is
ended, the former when the crops are better for the rain.

The years 1892-3, a period of maximum sun-spots, on the
whole illustrate the general tendency. In 1892, August gave a
rainfall slightly under the average, October one of the heaviest
on record. This year, August must, locally, count as an
exception. There was a slight excess, due to one or two
heavy falls. At any rate the month proved to he one of the
most glorious for harvest weather since the sixties. Were
Ave, moreover, dealing with the district and not the city
a considerable deficiency would have been shown. This
is a capital instance of an accidental exception, such as
makes it important not to theorise upon too narrow a range of
observations. Last October gave, at York, a deficiency of
8°/0 or 9°l0 and the fall was below the average, also, over
Yorkshire and adjacent parts. Yet here again there Avas
considerable excess in other parts of the kingdom. There¬
fore, although the present maximum will doubtless show an
excessive fall in October on the three-year mean, Ave must
await next year’s results before Ave can tell Avhether August
will result in a local deficiency. Whether the conditions
existing here are true of the district can only be told by a
similar examination in other localities.

J. EDMUND CLARK.

Note. — Since the above was written “ Knowledge , December ,
1893,” has published an interesting article by A. B. McDowall,
M.A., upon the rain-curves since 1840, at eleven British stations,
Bloxainised in five-year periods. The variation over the country
is very striking. Sheffield (as might he expected) and Oxford
give curves approaching nearest to that for York, but oftr high
maximum for 1870 (1868-72) is prominent in neither, nor is it
marked in any ea\~e Keswick and Rothesay, in both of which it is
excelled by 1861, which at York was below the mean. All give
a very marked minimum in ’55 or ’56, which hardly affects York.
As to this paper we may observe : — (1.) Three years, rather than
five Avould seem to be a preferable period to take ; the latter
including the vjliole sunspot cycle and so masking extremes.
(2.) As noted above, there would seem to be great tendency to
yearly values being masked by conflicting monthly variations. It
Avould be very interesting if Mr. McDowall would develop these
and so show which months in each case most affect the yearly
resulis. Thus, the excess during the seventies is far more
prominent away from the west coasts. This at York proved to
be chiefly due to wet Septembers.

RAINFALL COMPARISON FOR YORK

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36

HERBARIUM NOTES, &c.

The Contributors to the British Collection.

In the first report issued by the Yorkshire Philosophical
Society, 1824, mention is made of the presentation of
Herbarium specimens by James Backhouse, Esq., Capt. Fred
Vernon, R.N., and Miss Atkinson. Also of donations to the
Library, consisting of a volume of the Flora Scotica by the
author (W. J. Hooker, LL.D.), and Flora Edinensis by the
author (R. K. Greville, LL.D.), both of whom were dis¬
tinguished botanists, and Honorary Members of this Society.

The names of the Rev. James Dalton, S. Hailstone, Esq.,
W. Middleton, Esq., are associated with those, who, in the
early years of this Society’s existence, endeavoured to realize
the wishes of its originators.

The Rev. James Dalton, a distinguished naturalist of this
county, presented in 1827, a valuable collection of 2,500
specimens of British Phanerogams.

In the same year, 1827, W. Middleton, Esq., of Poppleton,
contributed a similar collection of 1,780 specimens, well
illustrated by characteristic varieties.

The Herbarium was enriched in 1833 by a collection of
Scottish plants, which had obtained the gold medal of the
Botanical Professor at Edinburgh University. This donation
was made by Giles Munby, Escp, of York, the collector of the
specimens and a celebrated Botanist.

In addition to these donations, the Society became possessors
of the following collections of British Phanerogams — Hailstone,
1852, 0. A. Moore, 1862, Dalton, miscellaneous collection,

1887, Walker, 1892-93.

\

The Arrangement of the Specimens.

In 1827, the Rev. W. Hincks, F\L.S., Lecturer on Botany,
York School of Medicine, was appointed Honorary Curator of
Botany. He commenced in 1828 to arrange the Botanical
specimens according to the natural system of De Candolle, and
in doing so, incorporated the collections of Backhouse, Dalton,
and Middleton.

In addition to arranging the specimens in the Herbarium,
Mr. Hincks delivered a course of Lectures on Botany in 1829,

37

the proceeds of which (£13 6s. 9d.) was devoted to the Garden
Fund. He manifested a great interest in the Gardens of this
Society, which prior to this period (1828) was described in the
report of the council as “ nothing but a widely extended heap
of rubbish and fragments of stone.”

The practical management of the Gardens was entrusted to
Henry Baines, and the zeal with which he laboured to convert
this “ waste land ” into a Botanical and Ornamental Garden
has been frequently commended in the reports of the council
(1827-78.)

From 1835 to 1838 the Honorary Curator had to suspend
the arrangement of the specimens, owing to the want of “ a
receptacle for them.” He assisted Mr. Baines in the manage¬
ment of the Gardens which appear to have been very popular
at this time, for the Horticultural Fete which was held in
August 1838 realized a profit of £94 7s.

The Honorary Curator (Rev. W. Hincks) resigned his
Curatorship and left this city in the year 1839, in order to
fulfil his engagement at Queen’s College, Cork, as Professor
of Natural History.

The publication (in 1840j of Baines’ “ Flora of Yorkshire,”
was a valuable contribution to the Botanical literature of
Yorkshire. The compilation of this Flora had involved much
time and labour, and the author utilised the information
contained in the Dalton and Middleton collections.

The council appointed Mr. Oswald Allen Moore to the office
of Honorary Curator of Botany in 1840. This gentleman
devoted much of his leisure time to the Gardens, and to
the collections in the Museum.

In addition to lecturing on Botany, he was engaged in a
revised “ Flora of Yorkshire,” but owing to his sudden death
in 1862, this work was never published.

In 1862, Dr. Matterson was appointed as Mr. Moore’s
successor, and he had the charge of the collections until his
death in 1890.

Reference has been made to the Rev. W. Hincks’ labour
in connection with the arrangement of the Herbaria. Too
much praise cannot be bestowed on him for his efforts in this
direction. When he left the city in 1839, the orders to be

38

arranged and mounted comprised the British representatives
of the Cyperaceae, Gramineae, Filices, &c. In addition to
these specimens the contributions of Hailstone, Moore,
Dalton, and Walker, comprising over 6000 specimens
required arranging, &c. After due consideration it was decided
to complete Mr. Hincks’ labour by commencing with the
British Sedges (Cyperaceae). The arrangement and nomencla¬
ture now adopted is that of the London Catalogue of British
Plants, eighth edition.

The Natural Order Cyperaceae, or Sedge family, is represented
by over 2000 species, which consist chiefly of perennial grass¬
like tufted herbs, possessing solid, and frequently angular,
stems. Leaves without ligules and with entire sheaths.
Although resembling the Gramineae (grasses) in appearance
they do not possess the nutritious or other qualities of that
order, and in this respect are of little service to man or animals.
On the other hand we cannot disregard the importance of the
genus Papyrus which furnished the ancient Egyptians with
the paper reed. From the cellular tissues of this plant the
Egyptians manufactured a paper, by means of which much of
the history before the Christian era has been recorded, and
which was for many years the staple of Egypt.

Of the use of Bulrushes, Sciipus locust r is, it may be said
that coopers employ them for the purpose of filling up the
joints of casks, and in connection with this subject reference
may be made to the book of Exodus which contains the
narrative of the finding of the infant Moses “ in an ark
composed of bulrushes.'’ In addition to these uses, rushes and
sedges have been extensively employed in the making of
baskets, carpets, chair seats, wicks for rushlights and in various
ceremonial customs.

In the economy of nature several of the species of this order,
(Cyperaceae), appear to take up the work of the Sphagnei and
other mosses. By means of their tufted or creeping rootstocks
they help to bind the spongy soil of the bogs and marshes,
and in this way assist in preparing humus for the advent
of man or animals.

Among the useful sand-loving and binding plants mention
may be made of Carex avemria , which is distributed around

39

the coast of the British Isles, and also Carex incurvci (Lightf.),
which is confined, in England, to the coast of Northumberland,
and extends along the Scottish coast from Fife to the Shetland
Isles.

In studying the distribution of plants there is much to be
said in favour of the theory that species have originated at, and
radiated from, definite centres. Changes must have been effected
in the Flora of Britain since the sea covered the connecting links
between this country and the continent, which may be ascribed
to climatic conditions, or to human agency in the introduction
or extinction of members of the Flora. It may assist us in
appreciating these changes if we glance through the examples
of the Cyperaceee in your Herbarium and compare the records
and specimens relating to the Flora of the British Isles
(particularly as regards Yorkshire), since 1790.

In 1790, the ground between York Museum and the river
Ouse was known as the Manor Shore. It was a waste piece
of land on which a few native and alien plants contrived to
exist. On the other side of the river, Hailstone recorded in
1806 the existence of Carex stricta as occurring “ in the^Ouze
out of North Street Postern.”

In 1830, Carex distich a (Huds), C. ovalis (Good) , end C.pulicaris
flourished in the damp low-lying fields between North Street
Postern and Thief Lane.

None of these Carices are to be found in these stations
now. The Manor Shore has been converted into the orna¬
mental gardens belonging to this Society, and the space
between North Street Postern and Thief Lane is now occupied
by the Station Hotel and extensive system of the North
Eastern Bailway.

If we extend our peregrinations we shall find many places

of especial importance to those who are interested in the

distribution and preservation of the British Flora.

/ 64 N.W. Askham Bogs, Dringhouses
| Brickpond.

t ji Tr i t'v ’ i * j I 61 S.E. Heslington Fields, Langwith,

In the York District. I gkipwithi au°d Eiccall Common.

62 N.E. Strensall and Towthorpe

Commons, Suett Carr.

In the Malton District. 62 N.E. Terrington Carr.

40

In the Borobridge i 65 N.W. Leckby Carr and Copgrove.
and Ripon District. \ 64N.W. Tanfield Hall Carr, Stavely Carr.

In 1790 these places were remarkable for their characteristic
Flora. By 1893 most of these carrs and commons had been
drained. The character of the Flora has been altered, and
in many instances the native plants have disappeared.

The withdrawal of the water from the roots of Carices,
&c., affects many of the moisture loving species. In other
cases the plants are endeavouring to adapt themselves to their
altered condition, and may contrive to survive, but most of
the bog-loving species have already, or soon will, become
extinct in these carrs.

As some of the Carices attain their austral, and others their
boreal, limit in Yorkshire it is necessary that some notice
should be taken of these particular plants.

Any information regarding the appearance or disappearance
of these sedges, or the drainage of the carrs, will be gladly
received and acknowledged by your Honorary Curator.

Beginning with the most local species we possess, viz. —
Carex paradoxa AVilld, there are specimens in your Herbarium
labelled, “ Heslington Fields, 1842. Richard Spruce and
James Backhouse. Junr.” “ Heslington Fields, 1842-3. 0.

A. Moore.'’ The late Dr. Spruce was the first to record this
Carex for Yorkshire (1842). The distribution of this Carex
extends throughout the northern and arctic parts of Europe
and Siberia. In England its distribution is extremely local.
It occurs in Askhani Bogs, York, and Pansanth, E. Norfolk.
It is not known to occur in Scotland, and in Ireland it is
limited to AVestmeath. The Heslington habitat is in the S.E.
v. county, whereas the Askham Bogs locality is in N.W.
Owing to the drainage and enclosing operations this species
has long ceased to exist in Heslington fields, and the destruc¬
tion of a vice-county record is a thing to be noted.

Carex axillaris (Good) is a very interesting species which
reaches its boreal limit in Yorkshire. The particular ponds
and adjoining land near Dringhouses where, in 1842, the late
Dr. Spruce gathered this Carex, have been drained, and market
gardens and terraces of cottages now (1893) occupy the site.
Of the other specimens of Carex axillaris those collected by

41

Teesdale (1790) from Beverley, and Dalton (1803) from
Copgrove, are extremely interesting.

Car ex elongata L. does not appear to extend beyond
Yorkshire. Your Herbarium possesses a specimen from
Aldwark, near the river Don, contributed by J. Salt (1803),
the original discoverer of this plant in Britain, also a specimen
from near Langwith, 0. A. Moore, 1842. In both these
stations the marshes have been drained during the last 50 years,
and this Carex is almost, if not entirely, extinct in these
localities.

Of the other Carices which attain their boreal limit in
Yorkshire, reference may be made to

Carex divulsa. The specimens in your collection are from
Studley and Mackersliaw Woods, Ripon, J. Dalton, 1820.
Also specimens from a wood near the aqueduct, Shipley, June,
1844, S. Hailstone. In addition to these there are specimens
from Ripon, collected by Brunton.

Carex strigosa (Huds.) is a very rare sedge, and it was first
recorded for West Yorkshire by Dalton, in 1802.

Carex digitata L. is met with on dry wooded banks on
limestone, and your Herbarium possesses an excellent series
from Mackersliaw Wood, Ripon, Dalton and Middleton, 1807 ;
Thorparch, Spruce, 1842; Helmsley, Wilkinson, 1883.

Carex divisa (Huds.) From near Derricots, Hull, Col.
Mach ell, 1790, contributed by Teesdale.

Of the austral type we possess two very interesting carices.

Carex pauciflora (Light) from the banks of the Derwent
near Lilia Cross, N.E. Yorkshire, collected by Middleton
in 1807. This Carex has not been observed in Yorkshire
during the last fifty years.

Carex capillaris (Linn.) has been recorded for Teesdale many
years. Cronkley Fell, Yorkshire, and (on the other side of the
Tees), Widdy Bank, Durham. A more austral station was
recorded by W. West, in 1878, viz: — near Gordale, W.
Yorkshire.

Carex rigida (Good) belongs to the northern type of plants
and it is remarkable that the specimen in your Herbarium
which was collected by Dalton in 1797, from Ingleborough
appears to be the only record for this mountain. Before 1885

42

this was the only record for Yorkshire, hut in that year (1885)
Mr. H. T. Soppitt found this Carex on Penyghent, so that we
may hope that the old record of Dalton may he confirmed.

Among the. members of the N.O. Cyperacese which are
rapidly diminishing in Yorkshire, or have become extinct
owing to drainage, &c., since 1790, reference may he made to

Carex limosa L. This rare Carex has a wide distribution
among the spongy hogs of Arctic Europe, W. Asia, and
N. America. In Great Britain it is very local, hut its range
extends from Caithness to Dorset.

The specimens in your Herbarium are from
Terrington Carr, 1790, It. Teesdale, now gone (1893.)
Tanfield Hall Carr, 1807, Dalton, „ „

Suett Carr, 1840, Ibbotson, „ ,,

Leckby Carr, 1809, Dalton, &c. ,, „

Cladium manscus (Br.) Terrington Carr, 1790, It. Teesdale,
now lost (1893).

Cladium mariscus (Br.) Stavely Carr, Yorkshire, Dalton,
1802, now lost (1893).

Carex paradoxa (Willd.) Heslington Fields, 1842, Spruce,
Moore, Backhouse, now lost (1893).

Carex elongata L. Near Aldwark by the river Don,
Sheffield, J. Salt, 1803; not observed 1876. A Carr, vide
F. A. Lees, Flora, West Yorkshire.

Carex elongataTi. Langwith, 1842, Moore, not seen (1893),
H.J.W.

RhyncJiospora alba Yahl. Diminishing on Strensall Common
and will soon he extinct here (1893).

Scirpus acicularis L. Diminishing on Strensall Common.

Scirpus taberncemontani (Gmel.) ,, ,, ,,

Carex teretiuscula (Good). Terrington Carr, 1790, now
lost (1893). It. Teesdale.

Carex curia. Rare in the Ripon and York district and
diminishing (in 1893).

Carex distans L. Rare in the Ripon and York district
and diminishing (in 1893).

Carex jilif or mis L. Rare in the Ripon and York district
and diminishing (in 1893).

Carex pseudo-cyperus L. Rare in the Ripon and York
district and diminishing (in 1893).

43

To those who are interested in the records for Yorkshire
plants, reference may he made to

Car ex laevigata (Smith), Dallowgill (Bipon), August 15th,
1805, J. Dalton ; Car ex filiformis L., Tanfield Hall carr,
J. Dalton, 1802.

Among the rare and local plants in your Herbarium two
examples may be given which will conclude these preparatory
notes.

Carex Davalliana, from Landsdowne, near Bath, which was
presented by Sir J. E. Smith to the Bev. James Dalton. Sir J.
E. Smith was the founder and first President of the Linnean
Society and a personal friend of Dalton. The distribution
of this Carex appears to extend throughout Southern Europe.
In England the only authentic record appears to have been
Landsdowne, Bath, but owing to drainage. &c., it has been
extinct in this (Bath) district for many years.

It is a dioecious sedge and resembles its ally, Carex dioica
L., but does not possess the creeping stoloniferous rootstock of
that species. These two circumstances may have assisted in
its extinction, after the ground had been drained.

The alpine cotton grass (Eriophorum alpinum L.) belongs
to the Highland type of plants and is distributed through
arctic and alpine Europe, N. America, and N. Asia. It has
not been found in England, and the only station in Scotland,
the Moss of Bestenet, Forfarshire, whence your specimens
were obtained, has been drained, and there is no trace of this
very rare and interesting plant now. In addition to the
extreme rarity of this plant the specimens possess a value in
consideration of their collectors. Sir IV. J. Hooker was the
contributor of one specimen, and his name appears among
the honorary members of your Society for 1824. For many
}^ears he was Professor of Botany at Glasgow, during which
time he trained many students whose names are associated
with the chief botanical expeditions and literature of the present
century. To Sir W. J. Hooker and his son Sir Joseph Dalton
Hooker the botanists of the world are indebted for many
valuable publications and for the position which Kew holds
among the botanical institutions of the world. In addition to
this record there are numerous specimens and evidence in your

44

Herbarium to show how intimately he was connected with the
Rev. James Dalton.

The other specimen of Eriophomm alpinuni, L. was collected
hy Robert Teesdale in 1780, and subsequently came into the
possession of Dalton. Robert Teesdale was one of the original
members of the Linnean Society. On the 7th February, 1793,
and December 4th, 1798, he communicated to the members
of the Linnean Society the result of his observations on the
Flora of Yorkshire.

His catalogue (Plantae Eboraeenses) contains the records
“ of over 900 species, exclusive of cryptogamia ” and exhibits
a wonderful amount of patient labour and research.

Shortly before his death he wrote the following letter to
the Rev. Mr. Dalton.

“ Dear Sir,

My present infirmities will not admit of my
proceeding any further in the supplement to the Flora
Eboracensis ; I have therefore packed up the papers along with
this, and have ordered, if it should please God to call me
away, to send them to you, so that if you should at any time
be so inclined, you may correct and finish it : the names of
the plants are on slips of paper, filed as they occur in the
Flora Britannica, errors excepted, and I meant at the latter
end of it to have added an alphabetical list of some of the
very rare ones, which are in those published, giving the
different habitats, which have be£n transmitted to me by
yourself, and our other friends.

The Rev. M. Harriman has promised to send me his
observations on the plants he has observed in our County ;
when I receive his list it is all I have in view at present.

If you ever receive this, I shall be gone from whence no
traveller returns, so have only to wish your family every
blessing both here and hereafter,

And I am, Dear Sir,

Yours very sincerely,

ROB. TEESDALE.

II ammer smith . 9 ’

The specimens of Teesdale's collecting in your Herbarium
are in good condition.

45

Car ex tomentosa L., which he was the first to record for
England, is a very rare sedge. This interesting Carex was
found in some wet meadows at Merston Measey, N. Wiltshire,
by Rob. Teesclale, in 1798 (the date of your specimen), and
came into the possession of the Rev. James Dalton about 1800.
This is the only authentic habitat in England. The other
specimen of Carex tomentosa is from the garden of H. C.
Watson, whose name is cherished by all British botanists,
and who adopted the method of cultivating many of these
Carices in order to test their claims to rank as species.

In conclusion it may be observed that your Herbarium
deserves every consideration and care at your hands, on
account of its historical and botanical associations, and as an aid
to the study of botany. In addition to these it possesses
specimens of plants which are now regarded as extinct in the
British Flora, a fact which your Honorary Curator has
endeavoured to demonstrate by a reference to this natural order
(Cy peracesel .

HENRY JOHN WILKINSON.

46

APPENDIX TO THE LIST OF FIGURED SPECI¬
MENS IN THE MUSEUM OF THE YORKSHIRE
PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.

In the Annual Report of the above Society for 1890 was
published a list of all specimens in the York Museum known
to me as figured specimens. This list was, however, not complete.
A few cases were omitted through inadvertence. Some
specimens have since been identified by the authors who
figured them. But the main object of this Appendix is to
bring the list up to date. Nearly all specimens given below
have been figured or re-figured since the publication of the
1890 list.

As in the previous list, an asterisk attached to a specimen,
shews that the specimen has not been marked as a figured
specimen, or that the reference has been lost. Type specimens
are distinguished by an antique T.

Holcospongia floriceps . Phil. sp.

(= Spongia floriceps , Phil.)

Lower Coral Rag. H?.ckness.

G. J. Hinde, Brit. Foss. Sponges (Pal. Soc.), p. 226.
pi. xvi., fig. 6. T (genus).

Rhaxclla perforata , Hinde.

Lower Calc. Grit. , Scarborough.

G. J. Hinde, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc,, vol. xlvi. (1890),
p. 59, pi. vi., fig. 1. T

R. perforata , Hinde.

Lower Calc. Grit. Scarborough.

G. J. Hinde, Brit. Foss. Sponges, p. 210, pi. xiii , fig. 7,
(This specimen belonged to Mr. Bean’s collection, and
was labelled by him “ Spongia fovata, Mihi.”)

R. perforata , Hinde.

Lower Calc. Grit. Scarborough.

G. J. Hinde, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc , vol. xlvi. (1890),
p. 59, pi. vi., figs. 2, 3.

Brit. Foss. Sponges, p. 210, pi. xiii., figs. 7a,^b.

47

♦

Sp/ienofrochus selseyensis, A. Bell.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), p. 76, pi. i.,
fig. 31. T

Thenarocrinus gracilis , Bather.

Upper Wenlock Limestone. Dudley.

F. A. Bather, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 6, vol. vii.
(1891), p. 86, pi. i., figs. 4, 5. T

Diastopora regularise D’Orb. var. selseyensis , A. Bell.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soe. (1892), p. 77, pi. i.,
figs. 33, 33 a.

Micropora regularise D’Orb.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), p. 77, pi. i.,
figs. 32, 32 a.

Pustulopora ( Cricopora) straminea, Phil.

J. W. Gregory, Catalogue Jurassic Bryoza (Ann. Rep.
Yorks. Phil. Soc., 1893), fig. 2.

Stomafopora (Hippothoa) Smithi, Phil.

J. W. Gregory, Cat. Jurassic Bryoza (Ann. Rep. Yorks.
Phil. Soc., 1898), fig. 1. T

(See also Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. 1890, p. 62).

Astarte pygmcea, Munst.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), pi. i., fig. 7.

Carclium incequalis , A. Bell.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), p. 74, pi. i.,

fig. 5. T

Carclium strigilliferum, S. Y. Wood.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), p. 74, pi. i.,

fig. 6.

48

Doncix vittatus , Da C. var : nitidus , Jeff.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), p. 74, pi. i.,
fig. 10.

Gastrana fra gills, Linn.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Pep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), pi. i., fig. 9.

Lutraria rugosa, Chem.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), p. 74, pi. i.,

fig. 8.

Ostreci lusitanica L.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), p. 73, pi. i.,

eg. i.

Pectcn polymorphus, Bronn.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), p. 73, pi. i.,
fig. 3.

P. scrabiusculus , A. Bell.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), p. 73, pi. i.,
fig. 2. ’ T

P. tester, Biv.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bel], Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), p. 73, pi. i.,

fig. 4.

Aclis unica, Mont.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), pi. i., fig. 30.

Barleeia cingulata, A. Bell.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), p. 76, pi i.,
fig- 17- T

49

♦

Chiton siculus , Gray.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Aim. Rep. Yorks. Pliil. Soc. (1892), p. 74, pi. i.,
figs. 13, 13r/.

Cyclostrema elegantula , Phillippi.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), p. 74, pi. i.,
figs. 16, 16tf.

Dentalium candidum , Jeff.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), p. 74. pi. i.,

eg. n.

Dentalium panormum , Chem.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc., (1892) p.74, pi. i., fig. 12.

Hydrobia compactilis , A. Bell.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc., (1892) p. 75, pi. i., fig. 18.

T

Melampus tridentatus , Edwards.

Barton Clay. High Cliff.

F. E. Edwards, Eocene Mollusca (Pal. Soc.) p. 113, pi. x.,
4tf, 4 b. T

Murchmnia kendalensis, M’Coy.

Carboniferous Limestone, Oswestry.

Miss Jane Donald, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. xliii. (1887),
p. 625, pi. xxiv., fig. 4.

Murchisonia ( Hypergonia ) quadric arinata , M’Coy.

Carboniferous Limestone. Settle.

Miss Jane Donald, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xlviii.
(1892), p. 564, pi. xvi., figs. 4, 5.

50

Natica ( Euspira ) cincta , Phil :

(=Phasianella cincta , Phil) :

Grey Limestone. Cloughton Wyke.

Morris & Lycett, Great Oolite Mollusca (Pal. Soo.) p. 113,
pi. xv., fig. 20.

[This is the same specimen that is given as Phasianella
cincta , Phil, in the previous list (Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc.,
1890, p. 75). Messrs. Morris & Lycett state ( loc . cit.) that the
specimen they figure is the original one figured Phillips in
Geol. Yorks, pi. ix., fig. 29. The name Natica cincta is
unfortunate as there is a Natica cincta , Phil, in the Inferior
Oolite (see Geol. Yorks., pi. iv., fig. 9, and Jur. Gasteropoda
Pal. Soc. p. 266).]

Otina otis, Turt.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), pi. i., figs. 14,
14 a.

Rmoa bicarinata , A. Bell.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), p. 75, pi. i.,
fig. 23. T

R. cimex, L.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), pi i., fig. 21.
R. deliciosa, Jeff.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), p. 75, pi. i ,
fig. 25.

R. lactea , Mich.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), pi. i., fig, 24.
R. montag ui, Payr.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), p. 76, pi. i.,
fig. 20.

I

51

R. multistriata, A. Bell.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), p. 76, pi. i.,
fig. 26. T

R. scutula , A. Bell.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), p. 75, pi. i.,
fig. 22. T

j R. striatula, Mont.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), pi. i., fig. 19.

Scalar ia foliacea, J. Sow.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), pi. i., fig. 29.

Solariella acutangula , A. Bell.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), p. 74, pi. i.,
figs. 27 a, b, c. T

S. approximata , A. Bell.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), p. 75, pi. i.,
figs. 28 a, b, c. T

Trochus exasperatus , Pult.

Interglacial. Selsey.

A. Bell, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), pi. i., fig. 15.

Acantoceras (?) peltoceroides , Pavl.

Lower Neocomian. Speeton.

Pavlow and Lamplugh, “ Argiles de Speeton” (Bulletin de
la Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 1891), p. 152, pi. xi., fig.

20. T

A. peltoceroides , Pavl.

Op. cit. pi. xi , fig. 21.

52

Hoplites hetoroptychus , Pavl.

Neocomian. Speeton.

Pavlow and Lamplugh, “ Argiles de Speeton,” p. 109,
pi. xi., fig. 22. T

H. pseudomutabilis , Loricl.

Kimeridge Clay. Speeton.

Pavlow and Lamplugli, “Argiles de Speeton,” p. 98, pi. i.,

fig. 7.

Olcostephanus ( Polyptychites ) gravesiformis, Pavl.

Portlandian. Speeton.

Pavlow and Lamplugh, “ Argiles de Speeton,” p. 124,
pi. vi., figs. 7 a, b, c. T

0. ( Polyptychites ) gravesiformis, Pavl.

Op. cit. pi. vi., fig. 8.

0. ( Polyptychites ) Keyserlingi, Neum and Uhl.

Portlandian. Speeton.

Pavlow and Lamplugh, “ Argiles de Speeton,” p. 120, pi.
ix., figs. 1 a, b, c.

Note.--0. ( Simhirslcites ) Payer i , Toula, stated in Pavlow
and Lamplugh’ s 11 Argiles de Speeton ” to be in this Museum
is in Mr. Lamplugh’s own collection.

0 . (Polyptychites) polyptychus, Keys.

Portlandian. Speeton.

Pavlow and Lamplugh, “ Argiles de Speeton,” p. 119, pi.
viii., figs. 2a, b, c.

0. ( Polyptychites ) triplodiptychus, Pavl.

Portlandian. Speeton.

Pavlow and Lamplugh, " Argiles de Speeton,” p. 122, pi.
viii., figs, 4 a, b, c. T

Gyrosteus mirabilis , A g.

Lias ( Communis Zone). Whitby.

J. F. Blake, “ Yorkshire Lias” (Tate and Blake), p. 256, pi.
ii., fig. 2. (Spine).

G. mirabilis , Ag.

Op. cit., pi. ii., fig. 3. (Fin-rays).

53

t

Orinthocheirus , Sp.

Cambridge Greensand. Cambridge.

H. G. Seeley, Geol. Mag., Decade II., Yol. VIII. (1881),
p. 13, pi. i., figs, la, b. (Scapula).

Ichthyosaurus crassimanus , Owen.

Lias ( Communis Zone) . Lofthouse.

J. F. Blake, “Yorkshire Lias” (Tate and Blake), p. 253,
pi. i., fig. 9. (Only the fore-arm is figured).

Omosaurus Phillipsii , Seeley.

Coralline Oolite. Slingsby.

H. G. Seeley, Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. (1892), fig. lb,
p. 55. (Femur).

Anas penelope, L.

Kirkdale Cave.

W. Buckland, “ Reliquiae diluvianae,” p. 266, pi. xi., figs.
28, 29. (Coracoid).

Enaliornis Barretti , Seeley.

Cambridge Greensand, Cambridge.

H. G. Seeley, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., Yol. XXXII. (1876),
p. 500, pi. xxvi., figs. 5, 6. (Cervical vertebra).

Scolopax gallinago , Briss.

Kirkdale Cave.

W. Buckland, “Reliquiae diluvianae,” p. 267, pi. xiii, figs.
11, 12. (Humerus).

Ailurus angelicas , Dawk.

Reg Crag. Felixstow.

E. T. Newton, Vert., Plio. Dep. Brit. (Mem. Geol. Surv.)
1891, p. 13, pi. i., figs. 17 a, b.

W. Boyd Dawkins. Quart. Jour. Geo. Soc. (1888), p. 228,
pi. X., figs. 1-4. T

(Part of right ramus of lower jaw, with carnassial).

( See also Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. 1890, p. 87).

Canis lupus , L.

Kirkdale Cave.

W. Buckland, “Reliquiae diluvianae,” p. 267, pi. xiii., figs.
5, 6. (1st lower molar, right).

54

C. lupus, L.

Red Crag. Boyton.

E. T. Newton, Yert. of the Pliocene Deposits of Britain
(Mem. Greol. Surv.) 1891, p. 8, pi. i., fig. 3.

(Left upper canine).

C. lupus, L.

Red Crag. Loc P

E. T. Newton, Yert. Plio. Dep. Brit. (Mem. Greol. Surv.)
1891, p. 8, pi. i., fig. 4.

(Left upper carnassial).

C. primigenius, Lank.

Red Crag, Woodbridge.

E. Ray Lankester, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 3, vol. xiv.
(1864), p. 358, pi. viii., fig. 11.

E. T. Newton, Yert. Plio. Dep. Brit. (Mem. Greol. Surv.)
1891, p. 9, pi. i., fig. 6. T

(Canine tooth).

Castor veterior, Lank.

Red Crag. Sutton.

E. T. Newton, Yert. Plio. Dep. Brit. (Mem. Greol. Surv.)
1891, p. 50, pi. v., figs. 14 a, b, c.

E. Ray Lankester, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 3, vol. xiv.,
p. 355. (1864), pi. viii., fig. 5. (Left upper p. m. 4).

( See also Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. 1890, p. 88.

Cervus suttonensis, Dawk.

Reg Crag (Nodule Bed). Woodbridge.

E. T. Newton, Yert. Plio. Dep. Brit. (Mem. Greol. Surv.)
1891, p. 31, pi. iv., fig. 13.

(Portion of shed antler).

Globicephalus (Phoccena) uncidens. Lank.

Red Crag. Woodbridge.

E. T. Newton, Yert. Plio. Dep. Brit. (Mem. Greol. Surv.)
1891, p. 77, pi. vii., fig. 5.

E. Ray Lankester, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 3, vol. xiv.
(1854), p. 356, pi. viii., fig. 13. (Tooth).

(See also Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. 1890, p. 88).

55

d

Halitherium canhami , Flower.

Red Crag. Woodbridge.

E. T. Newton, Yert. Plio. Dep. Brit. (Mem. Geol. Surv.)
1891, p. 48, pi. v., fig. 5

(Cheek tooth).

Hycena striata , Zim.

Red Crag. Woodbridge.

E. T. Newton, Yert. Plio. Dep. Brit. (Mem. Greol. Surv.)
1891, p. 7, pi. i., figs 10(7, b.

E. Ray Lankester, Quart Journ. Greol. Soc., vol. xxvi. (1870),
p. 511, pi. xxxiii., figs. 5, 6. (Rt. lower p. m. 4).

( See also Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc., 1890, p. 88, where
locality is incorrectly given as Felixstow, and tooth describes
as rt. upper p. m. 3).

Hycenarctos , Falc. & Caut.

Red Crag. Felixstow.

E. T. Newton, Yert. Plio. Dep. Brit. (Mem. Greol. Surv.)
1891, p. 14, pi. i., fig. 11.

(Canine tooth).

Note. — This specimen is also referred to on p. 7 under
Hycena striata.

Hycenarctos , Fale. & Caut.

Red Crag. Felixstow.

E. T. Newton, Yert. Plio. Dep. Brit. (Mem. Geol. Surv.)
1891, p. 14. pi i., figs. 20 a, b.

Described by Sir W. H. Flower as H. sivalensis. Quart. Journ.
Geol. Soc. Yol. xxxiii. (1877), p. 534; and figured (to com¬
plete description). Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. 1886, pi. i.,
figs. 3, 3a. (Left upper first molar).

( See also Ann. Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc. 1890, p. 89).

Hycenarctos , Falc. & Caut.

Red Crag. Felixstow.

E. T. Newton, Yert. Plio. Dep. Brit. (Mem. Geol. Surv.)
1891, p. 14, pi. i., fig. 21. (Right lower second molar).

Hycenarctos, Falc. & Caut.

Red Crag. Felixstowe.

E T. Newton, Yert. Plio. Dep. Brit. (Mem. Geol. Surv.)
1891, p. 14, pi. i., fig. 22. (Right lower canine).

56

Squalodon antwerpieusis , Y. Ben.

Red Crag. Woodbridge.

E. T. Newton, Yert. Plio. Dep. Brit. (Mem. Geol. Surv.)
1891, p. 75, pi. viii., fig. 15. (Side tooth).

Squalodon antwerpieusis , Y. Ben.

Red Crag. Woodbridge.

E. T. Newton, Yert. Plio. Dep. Brit. (Mem. Geol. Surv.)
1891, p 75, pi. viii , fig. 16. (Anterior tooth).

TJ) ' sus arvernensis , Cr. & J ob.

Red Crag. Woodbridge.

E. T. Newton, Yert. Plio. Dep. Brit. (Mem. Geol. Surv).
1891, p. 16, pi. i., fig. 12.

(Left lower second pre-molar.)

H. M. PLATNAUER.

BORINGS MADE IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD

OF YORK.

I am indebted to Mr. W. B. Richardson, of Huby Burn,
for particulars of the three borings mentioned below : —

Huby

Burn (Farm).

•

Ft.

In.

Soil . .

F

• • • • • •

1

6

Brown Clay

• • • • • •

10

0

Plastic Clay

• • • • • •

8

0

Solid Blue Clay

• • • • • •

4

0

Boulder Clay

Red Marl with Gypsum seams

Green Marl

12

0

Grey Sandy Marl . .

Red Sandy Clay
Red Marl . .

Red Sandy Marl
Red Marl with Gypsum
Green Marl with Gypsum . .
Brown Marl with Gypsum
Red Sandy Marl . .

(Boring stopped.)

Total

• t

♦ •

66 6

4

57

Huby.

Ft.

In.

§ Oil. •• • • • • ••

1

6

Stony Clay

12

0

Clay with Sand partings . .

12

0

Bed Clay with seams of Gypsum . .

80

0

Green marl with thin seams of

Sandstone

4

0

(Boring stopped in this bed).

Total

109

6

Near Easkelf Station.

Sand . , . . . . . .

0

10

Boulder Clay*

50

0

Shalef with Gypsum

15

0

Eed Shalesf

41

0

Grey Sandstone

45

0

Blue Shalef

10

0

(Boring stopped in this bed).

Total , .

165

10

* I am inclined to think that not more than half this is undisturbed solid
Boulder Clay.

f These “Shales” are probably fissile Marls.

In excavating Love Lane during 1892, it was found that the
Boulder Clay was overlaid by fluviatile deposits of from 7ft.
to 8ft. in thickness, the overlying soil was from 3ft. to 4ft.
thick. Human bones were discovered at 7ft. and again at
lift, from the surface ; there were no remains of coffins found
with the bones.

H. M. PLATNAUEE.

58

CATALOGUE OF THE

JURASSIC BRYOZOA IN THE YORK MUSEUM.

The rarity of well preserved specimens of British Jurassic
Bryozoa renders it necessary to see all available material before
an adequate description of this group can be undertaken.
The Bryozoa are not forms that can be determined by a hasty
examination in a day’s visit to a Museum, so that I am
especially grateful for the opportunity given me on the kind
recommendation of Mr. Platnauer for a careful study of the
small but interesting series in the York Museum. The
collection includes 31 specimens, of which five are inde¬
terminable; the 26 remaining represent 10 species belonging
to six genera. Two specimens are of considerable interest, as
they admit of precise description of forms previously inade¬
quately known ; these are the type of Phillips’ Cellaria smithi
and a well preserved fragment of the same author’s Millepora
strimineci. Four of the species have not been recorded in
England ; two of the others are new, but will be described
later, and are here recorded only ; much better material, which
admits of a careful anatomical study, is preserved elsewhere.
These I hope to describe in a Monograph of the Jurassic
Bryozoa ; an attempt at a justification of the classification
followed, and the acceptance of Ulrich’s order Trepostomata
will then be given.

Order : Cyclostomata.

Family : Stomatoporidae.

Genus: Stomatopora. Bronn ; 1825.

Species : Stomatopora smithi (Phillips). Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

59

Synonomy :

Cellaria smithi. Phillips. Geol. Yks. Pt. I., Yks. coast, 1829,
p. 143, pi. vii. , f. 8.

Hippothoa smithi. Morris. Cat. Brit. Poss., 1843, p. 39.

„ ,, ,, Ed. 2, 1854, p. 125.

,, Haime. Bry. Foss. Jurassique. Mem. Soc.

Geol., France. Ser. 2, t. v., 1854, p. 217.

,, Platnauer. List Figured Specimens,

York Museum. Ann. Pep. Yk. Phil.
Soc., 1891, p. 62.

,, Fox Strangways. Jurassic Pocks of

Britain, Yol. II. ; Yorkshire Tables of
Fossils, p. 148.

Alecto smithi. D’Orbigny. Prod. Pal., 1849, t. i., p. 317.

Diagnosis :

Zoarium hippothoiform : uniserial ; branches crowded and
irregular ; entirely adherent. Zooecia pyriform : long
slender proximal ends ; front wall well raised, rounded,
and punctate ; orifice small, circular, surrounded by a low
rim. Peristomial area slightly raised ; flat regular rims
surround each of the zooecia.

Distribution :

Adherent to Cardium citrinoidum. Cornbrash, near Scar¬
borough. Only the type specimen known.

Affinities :

The species agrees best among Jurassic species of the genus
in its pyriform zooecia with S. dichotomoides (D’Orb.),
but the hippothoiform zoarium and long whip-like
proximal portions of the zooecia clearly distinguish it.
Owing to the imperfection of Phillips’ figures, much
uncertainty has existed regarding it; the accompanying
figure has therefore been prepared. The front walls are
often broken away, giving the specimen a Schizoporellidan
aspect.

Family : Diastoporidae.

Genus: Berenicea. Lamoroux, 1821.

[M. Sauvage (Bry. Juras. Boulogne; Bull. Soc. Geol. France;
ser. 3, t. xvii., 1888, p. 43) accepts Roemer’s genus Rosacilla , as
Berenix was in use before Berenicea was proposed : the two names,
however, seem to be quite sufficiently distinct to render the
change unnecessary.]

60

Species 1. Berenicea diluviana. Lamouroux,* 1821.
Distribution : Encrusting Apiocrinus elegans Defr. Bradford clay,

Bradford.

Species 2. Berenicea striata. Hairue ;f 1854.
Distribution : Encrusting Terebratula plicata. Inferior Oolite, Leck-

hampton. Haime’s is a Liassic species, but this
agrees very closely with his description and figures.

Species 3. Berenicea allaudi (Sauvage),j 1888.
Distribution : On Magellania carinata var. Inferior Oolite. Burton

Bradstock.

*Lamouroux. Exp. Meth. Polypiers, p. 81, pi. 80, f. 3, 4.
fHaime. Mem. Soc. Geol., France ; ser. 2, t. v., 1854, p. 179.
fSauvage. Bull. Soc. Geol., France ; ser. 3, t. xvii., 1888, p. 46, pi. iv., f 1-5.

Genus Terebellaria. Lamouroux, 1821.

Species 1. Terebellaria ramossissima. Lamx., 1821.
[Lamouroux, op. cit., p. 84, pi. 82, f. 1.]

Distribution : Bradford clay. Tetbury Road, Wiltshire.

Species 2. Terebellaria n. sp.

Distribution : Cornbrash. Draycot and Stanton.

Family : Entalophoridce.

Genus : Pustulopora.

Species : Pustulopora straminea (Phillips non
Haime). Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Synonomy :

Millepora straminea. Phillips. Geol. Yorks. Pt. I. Yorks.

Coast, 1829, p. 143, pi. vii., f. 8.

Cricop or a straminea. Morris. Cat. Brit. Foss., 1843, p. 34.

Intricaria ,,
non Later otubig era ,,

Entalophora
non Spiropora

n

) >

}f

D’Orbigny. Prod. Pal., 1840, t. i., p. 289.

Pal. Franc. Terr. Cret., t v.,
1853, p. 715.

,, ,, t. v., p. 7/9.

Haime. Mem. Soc. Geol. France. Ser. 2,

t. v., p. 196, pi. ix., f. 6.

Vine. Pep. Brit. Assoc., 1882, p. 262,

)>

>>

61

Diagnosis :

Zoarium erect, cylindrical, dichotomously branched. Zooecia

in regular, circular, closely adjoining series. Usually
hexagonal and bisymmetrical, but variations in growth
pressure render some irregularly polygonal. Orifice
transversely elliptical. Peristomial area slightly raised.
Front wall punctate.

Distribution :

Millepore limestone, Bathonian ; Gristhorpe, Lyon’s Nab.

A massive thick form with only the internal structure shewn.
The front wall and orifice destroyed. It is, therefore, indeter¬
minable. It comes from the Millepore Oolite, Weslow.

Another indeterminable species of Pustulopora is of interest,
as it comes from the corallian of Mount Pleasant quarry.

Order. Trepostomata.

Family. Cerioporidce.

Genus. Ceriopora. Blainville, 1834.

Species. Ceriopora globosa. Michelin.

\_Iconographie Zoophgtologique, p. 246, pi. 57, f. 49.]
Distribution : Inferior Oolite. Bavensgate Hill.

Family : Set er op or i dee.

Genus: Heteropora. Blainville, 1834.

Species 1 : Heteropora ficulina. Michelin.

[Op. cit., p. 244, pi. 57, f. 2.]

Distribution : Inferior Oolite. Birdlip Hill.

Species 2. Heteropora n. sp.

Distribution : Pea grit ; Inferior Oolite. Crickley.

J. W. GEEGOBY.