/ K: %j0vh&\$xve ^\)iic0op\)xtai ANNUAL REPORT FOR MDCCCXCYI. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COUNCIL OF THE YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY MDCCCXCVL PRESENTED TO THE ANNUAL MEETING!, FEBRUARY 1st, 1897. YORK: H. MORLEY, PRINTER, PETERGATE, YORK. 1 8 9 7. TRUSTEES THE YORKSHIRE MUSEUM. APPOINTED BY ROYAL GRANT. TEMPEST ANDERSON, M.D. EDWIN GRAY, LL.M. WILLIAM LAWTON. T. S. NOBLE. WILLIAM WALKER. PATRONESSES OF THE UovMeljttxe Uljtlo&tfpljtcal HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. H. R. El. THE PRINCESS OF WALES. PATRONS. H. R. H. THE PRINCE OF WALES, K.G. H. R H. THE DUKE OF CONNAUGHT, K.G. OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY, 1897. PRESIDENT : Str Charles Strickland, F.G.S. VICE-PRESIDENTS : The Very Rev. the Dean of York. John Francis Walker, M.A., F.L S., F.Gr.S., F.C.S., F.Z.S., late Fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. William Walker, F.G.S. Tempest Anderson, M.D., B. Sc., &c., Fellow of University College, London. The Rev. W. C. Hey, M.A. James Melrose, J.P. Major J. A. Barstow, J.P. George S. Gibb, LL.B. Henry Cowling. T. S. Noble. HON. TREASURER: Edwin Gray, LL.B. COUNCIL : » Elected 1895. .A. Buckle. The Rev. A. S. Commeline. G. C. Dennis. J. 8. Rowntree. Elected 1896. .Bowden Cattley. The Rev. Canon Machell. G. Mosley. H. J. Wilkinson. Elected 1897. .The Right Hon. the Lord Mayor (C. A. MilwardJ. The Sheriff (E. R. Dodsworth). J. Backhouse, F.Z.S. Geo. Wilson. HON. SECRETARIES: Tempest Anderson, M.D. C. E. Elmhirst. VI. OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY. CURATORS. Geology . J. F. Walker, M.A., F.G.S. Mineralogy . W. H. Hudleston, M.A., F.R.S. Insects and Crustacea - - G. C. Dennis. Comparative Anatomy - - T. Anderson, M.D., B.Sc. Ornithology . J. Backhouse, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. Botany . - - H. J. Wilkinson. Observatory . T. S. Noble. Meteorology - - - - - - J. E. Clark, B.A., B.Sc. Laboratory - - - - - - J. F. Walker, M A , F.I.C., F.C.S., London and Berlin. Library - - . A. Buckle, B.A. GARDEN COMMITTEE. Major Barstow, J.P. A. Buckle, B.A. Bowden Cattley. J. M ELROSE, J.P. The Lord Mayor [Mr Alderman Milward]. The Secretaries ( ex-officio ). LECTURE COMMITTEE. Tempest Anderson, M.D. Major Barstow, J.P. The Rev. E. S. Carter, M.A. G. S. Gibb, LL.B. R. Thompson. The Secretaries ( ex-officio ). KEEPER OF THE MUSEUM. Henry Maurice Platnauer, A.R S.M., B.Sc REPORT OF THE COUNCIL OF THE YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, February 1st, 1897. This Report will, as in previous years, deal with the financial and general condition and prospects of the Society, and will then embody the reports of the Curators of the various depart¬ ments connected with the Museum. The income ot the Society for the past year has been £1,171 5s. 2d., and the outgoings £1,257 3s. Id., leaving an excess of expenditure over income of £85 17s. lid. As, however, the balance in the hands of the Treasurer at the end of 1895 was £157 8s. 7d., there is still the sum of £71 10s. 8d. in hand. The Council does not by any means recommend that expendi¬ ture should exceed income, but considers it not unadvisable that improvements of a substantial and permanent nature should be made in times of comparative prosperity, and it is to improvements of this nature that a large part of the extra expenditure this year is due. It is also to be noted that the transfer of the Abbey Walls to the Corporation, which has now been completed, has involved the surrender of the rent of the Bootham and Marygate Towers on the part of the Society, and our receipts have thus suffered a corresponding diminution. In consequence of an alteration of rule made by a Special General Meeting, held October 5th, the time of the Monthly General Meetings has been altered to 5 p.m. of the same day on which the Council meetings are held, and efforts have been made to secure the reading of a Paper on some subject of scientific interest at each meeting. So far, the experiment has been completely successful ; the meetings since the introduction of the new rule have been very animated and remarkably well attended. Vlll. REPORT OF THE The Society has suffered considerable loss by death during the past year. First and foremost comes the death of Chancellor Raine. A short memoir of our late Curator of Archaeology will be found further on in the Report, so we will not here dwell on this serious loss. Thirteen other members have been lost by death, and 32 by resignation. It is gratifying, however, to note that the Society nearly maintains its numerical strength in spite of losses by death and resignation. Mr. Noble’s long career of service as Honorary Secretary of the Society terminated this year by his resignation. No adequate recognition for 38 years of unremitting care and interest could be offered ; but the Council hopes that Mr. Noble will undertake the office of Vice-President, and accept the slight expression of grateful appreciation presented him at the Annual General Meeting as an earnest that his services in the past are appreciated by his colleagues. The following Lectures have been given in the Museum during the year : — Thursday, January 30th. — “ Mezzotinting and Mezzotinters ” (illustrated by Lantern Pictures). By A. Buckle, B.A. Thursday, February 13th. — “William the Conqueror’s Country ” (with Lantern Illustrations). By the Rev. T. Gough., B.Sc. Thursday, February 27th. — “A Greek Lady (illustrated by Lantern Pictures). By the Rev. Chancellor Raine, D.C.L., &c. Thursday, March 12th — “ Brain Rest.” By Sir James Creighton Browne, M.A , LL.D., F.R S. Thursday, March 19th. — “ French By-ways ” (illustrated by Lantern Pictures). By Tempest Anderson, M.D., B Sc. Thursday, March 26th. — “ Two Famous Mariners of York.” By J. S. Rowntree. Thursday, April 16th — The Members of the Photographic Section gave a Lantern Night. Thursday, October 29th. — Homer’s Iliad.” By the Rev. Canon Fausset, M.A. Thursday, November 12th. — “ Colour Photography ” (with Lantern Illustrations). By Baron Alphonse Berget. COUNCIL FOK 1896. IX. Thuisday, November 26th. — “The Dolomites” (illustrated by Lantern Pictures taken by the Lecturer). By Paul Lange, Ex-President of the Liverpool Amateur Photo¬ graphic Association. Thursday, December 10th. — “ John Sebastian Bach.” By Miss M. M. Paget, A.R.C.M , L.P.A.M. (with Musical Illustrations by Miss C. A. Bigge, A.R.C.M., Miss Knocker, and Mrs. Burrell). Thursday, December 22nd. — “ The Yolcanic Eruption of Ambrym Island.” By Commander Purey-Cust, R.N. Several of these have been of unusual interest, and the Council desire publicly to thank those who have so kindly and generously assisted them, since owing to the unfortunate state of the finances of the Society it has been impossible to offer them any honorarium beyond expenses out of pocket. They would particularly thank Baron Alphonse Berget, who came specially from Paris ; and Sir Creighton Browne and Miss Paget, who came from London ; and Paul Lange, who came from Liverpool. The attendance at the lectures has been, as a rule, very good, and has several times taxed the accommodation of the Theatre to the utmost. Financial considerations prevent, at present, the consideration of extensive schemes of improvement on which the Council would willingly embark ; but they hope that certain small alterations in the doors and gangways will be found to have materially reduced the discomforts hitherto justly complained of. It cannot be too constantly borne in mind that there is still a funded debt of about £3,000 owing by the Society, the sinking fund for the ultimate extinction of which involves an annual payment of nearly £200, which, with the unavoidable establish¬ ment charges incident on such extensive premises, seriously cripples the work of the Society. The Council recommend Mr. T. S Noble as a Yice-President in place of Chancellor Paine, deceased ; the following as newr members of Council in place of those who retire by rotation : — The Right Hon. the Lord Mayor (Mr. Alderman Milward), The Sheriff (Mr. Alderman Dodsworth), James Backhouse, F.Z S., and George Wilson ; and as honorary members, Baron Alphonse Berget, Sir Clements Markham, and Professor Sylvanus Thompson, F.R.S. X. REPORT OF THE Antiquities. — The death of the famous Curator has proved, as was expected, an irreparable loss to this Department, and has caused a practical standstill in its work. The only acqui¬ sition made which deserves notice here is a series of Roman remains, chiefly Pottery, from Filey (Carr Naze) including a remarkably fine Urn of slip-work Pottery, obtained for us by Mr. Boynton, through the kind permission of Mrs. Firman. These fragments, together with the roughly-carved stumps of Pillars now in the Crescent, are the only Roman Antiquities ever found at Filey, and on their disco veiy rests the conjecture that Filey was the Roman “ Praetorium" — an hypothesis which has been fiercely disputed, but about \\ hich the last word has perhaps yet to be said. Geology. — The most important addition to this Department is a very fine collection of Muschelkalk fossils, presented by our honorary member, Dr. Pfarrer Engel. This very valuable series contains many rare species from a formation which does not occur in Great Britain. The other fossils presented during the year are acknowledged in the list of donations. Comparative Anatomy. — This Department has received no accessions during the past year except an albino mole from Flintshire. The collections are in good order and preservation, but the arrangement leaves much to be desired. The Society possesses ample material for a useful and instructive series illustrative of the Comparative Osteology of the Mammalia, and the Curator looks forward to the time when such a series, fully and descriptively labelled, may be arranged in the galleries of the Museum. A series of this nature is of far more use than any hap-hazard collection, however rich the latter may be in good specimens. Ornithological Department Report. — Among the more important additions to the Bird Collection during the past year are the following : — A fine female example of the Barred Warbler, which was shot in a garden near to Hull, and was purchased for the Museum. Three Birds shot in Wensleydale have been presented by Lord Bolton, viz., Leach’s Petrel, COUNCIL FOR 1896. XI. Great Snipe, and a very old example of the Scaup Duck Fuligula maila (female), which latter was at first thought to be a hybrid, from its colouring. The new British Bird Col¬ lection has been increased by the addition of some fourteen cases, and several more are in course of preparation. The Egg Collection has been augmented by the presentation of several Icelandic Birds’ Eggs by Dr. Tempest Anderson, among which are the Bed-necked Phalarope, Golden Plover and Eared Grebe. A Lapwing’s Egg ( Vanellus vulgaris), of remarkably light ground colour, taken in the neighbourhood of this City, was also presented by Mr. M. B. Bullivant. Entomology. — The various collections in this Department are in good order. During the past year the introductory series of Insects has been completed, and the arrangement of an illustrative series of Neuroptera has been taken in hand. This work has unfortunately been checked by the difficulty of getting good illustrative specimens. As soon as this difficulty has been overcome, the series will be exhibited, and the arrangement of the Hymenoptera on a similar plan will be begun. Botany. — The additions to this Department consist of a splendid series of Armaria gothica Er., from Bibblehead, Ingleton, Yorkshire; also specimens of Poly gala austriaca , Crantz, and Polygala calcarea, F. Schultz, from Surrey, presented by Mr. William Whit well, F.L.S. A specimen of Cotula coronopifolia L. was found at Birkenhead by Miss B. Key worth, and presented by her to the Society. The specimens arranged during the year (1896) will be found enumerated on pp. 13—35. Mineralogy. — The Curator of this Department reports that the collections are in good order. During the past year there has been but little change. Since the Mineral Cases are full, almost the only work possible consists in the occasional introduction of better specimens by way of replacement. This has been effected to a slight extent as the result of some purchases made at a sale near Selby. The Keeper of the Xll. REPORT OF THE Museum, also, brought back with him a few specimens from the Tyrol. A gap in the Rock Collection has been filled up by the presentation of a series of Antrim Rhyolites from Miss Andrews, of Belfast. The Phonolites, Gfabbros, and Diabases are, however, still poorly represented. Conchology. — Owing to the long continued illness of the Curator, little work has been done in this Department. The collections have been enriched by specimens of about thirty new species, chiefly land mollusca, from the collection of the late Rev. Richard Brook, of Grateforth. Library. — A glance at our lists of donations will show that the Library continues to receive numerous and valuable accessions, apart from books and various publications purchased. Unfortunately, the space required for the accommodation of these additions is rapidly becoming inadequate. Unless fresh cases can be provided, our Library will in a short time become a mere store-room in which systematic arrangement is impossible. The Librarian ventures to express a hope that before long steps may be taken that will enable him to keep pace with the rapid expansion of this department. Meteorology. — The prominent features of 1896 weather were the mild winter months, with an almost entire absence of snow, the dry and brilliant Spring and early Summer, and the dull and drenching Autumn. To the meteorologist, however, the most noteworthy event was the unprecedented height of the barometer on January 9th, when, for the first time in our records, it rose above 31 inches. Temperature , as given by the mean of the maxima and minima, was more than a degree above the average, working out to 48 ,9°. Compared with the records taken at 9 and 9, this is higher, which is the average divergence found in previous years. The table of differences shows a considerable monthly excess in August. There was a recovery in September, but October was more than four degrees below the average, although there was no frost until the 20th, and then nothing to compare with the severe visitation of the previous year. No COUNCIL Foil 1896. Xlll. October has been so cold since 1842 (43*3°), although that of 1887 was only half a degree warmer. May 12th was remarkably hot ; one of our maximum thermometers reached 80°, the other rather less. The day before was absolutely cloudless, an event rarely known here. 80° or above was further reached three times in June and once in July, or five times in all. From March to June clear days were abundant, as tested by the visibility of the West Riding Hills from Feversham Terrace. But the Autumn was most unfavourable in this respect. Mean Pressure was slightly in excess, and greatly so in January. That the month should have been also exceptionally mild is therefore the more unusual. It may be traced to the position of the high barometer. The centre of the anticyclone was to the North West : usually it forms in winter to the North East, over Scandinavia and Siberia. The unusual conditions are shown in the charts at the end of the Report, re-produced from the Weekly Weather Report of the Meteorological office, and kindly lent by the Natural History Journal. The contrast, indeed, could not be better illustrated than by comparing the winter with that of the previous year. Then, also, the barometer rose above 31 inches, but this was in Scandinavia (January 28th), although so near as Christiana. Thirty-one inches was reached first at Stornoway on the evening of the 8th. Fort William reported 31*098 inches, which is the highest ever known in our islands. In Banffshire 31*007 was recorded in 1778, 31*046 in 1808, and 31*07 was also reported in Scotland in 1820. The highest for York, previously, was 30 99 in March, 1854. As we have previously only had ten records in all as high as 30*80, it is remarkable that 30*86 was again reached on January 29th and 30th, when 30*96 inches was recorded in South Ireland. The lowest record for York was 27*777 inches in December, 1886, when 27*24 was registered at Omagh, County Tyrone. Thus the extreme range for York now stands at 3*228 inches, and for the British Islands at 3*86. This is a difference in pressure of nearly 21bs, per square inch, or some 3,000 tons per acre. Yet no one would perceive the change who had not a barometer at his elbow. XIV. REPORT OF THE Bright Sunshine was very deficient in the Autumn months, August being especially dull. Only August, 1885, has been worse since records were begun in 1881. September, also, was in striking contrast to the brilliant month of J895. January, April, and November did their duty best, although the last named gave us a shocking spell of sunless gloom from the 21st to the 29th. Rain or Snow (exceeding 0005 inches of water) fell on 190 days. This is 20 days more than our average, yet the total rainfall, 2 T98 inches, is three inches less. March and December are chiefly responsible for the former ; January, April, May and July for the latter. Heavy thunderstorms in June prevented the drought in these districts from assuming the serious aspect of some other parts, notably in the South West. Snow fell on two daj^s in March and four in December. This is almost certainly the lowest record in our period. Last year, at least, a few flakes were noted on 45 days. There were 23 days with thunderstorms, ten of them in June, including a consecutive series from the 2nd to the 8th. The race for first and last places in the cumulative rain totals from 1841 continues as exciting as ever. For the three wettest months we have as totals, August, 151*18 inches; October, 150 79 ; and July, 149*85. Thus, with over twelve feet of rain¬ fall apiece, the winner leads by a bare third of an inch. July has dropped back to third place, although only 1*33 behind the first. The three driest months are closer still. Handicapped to a 30 day month the values are; — April, 88*51 ; March, 88*74 (actually, 91*00) ; and February, 89*24 (actually, 84*05). April has thus slipped to the rear ; but with only f inch difference between the first and third it is still any man’s race before the end of this decade is gained. The same is nearly as true of the three wettest months. Still a consistent backer of August, from 1811 on, would have come out winner in the main. It led without a break from 1857 to 1886, the rest being nowhere in the latter half of the sixties. Floods of eight feet and over occurred on March 7th and December 5th and 6th, when nine feet three inches was reached, iieturns, rather fuller than last year, have been received from the gauges up the river. The results, however, in the absence COUNCIL FOR 1896. XV. of self-registering instruments are not very satisfactory. This year they indicate a lapse of about 18 hours between the up¬ river records and highest flood at York. Combining the results for the two years, it would seem to require 22 hours for the floods to come down from Pateley Bridge (7 observations), 20 from Middleham (28 observations), and 21 from Richmond (10 observations). Auroras were noted on twelve nights, against 23 in 1895, and 34 in 1894. The monthly distribution was 4, 0, 2, 2, 2 from January to May, 1 in October, and 1 in November. None were particularly bright, but streamers were noted on March 4th, and May 2nd and 3rd. Under advice from the Meteorological Office the rain gauges and screen were removed in September, 1895, from the position before the Multangular Tower to the open ground North of St. Mary’s Abbey. With the close of the year a second screen was occupied, as a single screen was judged to be too crowded for the double set of instruments. The occasional difference between the maximum thermometers may be thus accounted for, as the one read at 9 am. was placed too high up. We must further report an unfortunate case of wanton mischief. In January of this year, 1897, the lock of the old screen was wrenched off and one of the costly thermometers removed. We have pleasure in again acknowledging the returns from different gentlemen, entered under their names in our tables. Photographic Section. — The Monthly meetings have been regularly held, and much interesting material has been brought forward. Several causes have tended to interfere with large attendances. Thus members, as they have become proficient, have been led to undertake lectures, illustrated by slides of their own making, and have delivered them before the Society at large instead of the smaller audience of the Section ; the public also takes more interest in Photography than formerly, and at least one highly technical lecture, which would have more strictly come before the Section, was listened to with intense interest by a large general audience. Photo¬ graphy also, like microscopy, is now such a recognised part of XVI. REPORT OF THE the procedure of several branches of science that its separate consideration as a special branch of science can scarcely be theoretically justified, however practically convenient. The number of members of the Section continues nearly the same, and its financial position is satisfactory. The names of new members will be received by the Honorary Secretary (H. Dennis Taylor), and they can join on the favourable terms recently adopted by the Council. THE BEV. CHANCELLOR BA1NE. It is with the deepest regret that we record the great loss which the Society has sustained by the death of our late Curator of Antiquities, who, by years of indefatigable labour, had so greatly contributed to get together and arrange the invaluable collection of local antiquities which are among our choicest treasures. The Rev. James Raine was a native of Durham, and son of the late James Raine of that city, the eminent archaeologist. He was educated at the Cathedral Grammar School, and graduated at the University of Durham in 1851, being elected a Fellow there in 1852. In 1857 he was appointed Vicar of S. Lawrence, York, which he vacated in 1868 for the com¬ bined Rectory of S. Michael’s, Spurriergate, with the Rectory of St. Crux and All Saints, Pavement. The former parish he resigned in 1885, retaining only the latter two, where he faith¬ fully laboured until the time of his death. In 1866 Archbishop Thomson appointed him Canon of York Minster, and in 1888 made him a Residentiary. In 1891 Archbishop Magee pro¬ moted him, on the resignation of the late Lord Forester, to be Chancellor of the Cathedral Church. He was singularly quiet and unassuming in Ins manner, and early devoted himself to those habits of patient study and investigation which gradually led to his being recognised as one of the greatest of Northern Archaeologists. He will be long remembered as one of the leading spirits of the Surtees Society, and was for many years its secretary, and Editor of many of its most valuable publications. He also wrote a well- COUNCIL FOR 1896. xvii. known book on York in the “ Historic Towns ” series. In recognition of his Archaeological acquirements his University conferred on him, in 1882, the honorary degree of D.C.L. He was identified with various local bodies of a philan¬ thropic, literary and educational character. He was a manager of the Savings Bank, held the office of Chaplain to the York Merchant Adventurers1 Company and Merchant Taylors' Company— two of the old Guilds which still survive as remnants of the days when both masters and men in one trade combined in one societv for mutual advantage . He was Honorary Librarian of the Y"ork Minster Library, and at the time of the establishment of the Public Library in York he was asked by the Corporation to act on the Committee, and rendered most valuable assistance in the selection of books. He also gave much time and care to the preservation and repair of the ancient charters and documents belonging to the Corpora¬ tion which were injured by the great flood of 1892. He married Annie, daughter of the late Henry Keyworth, of this city, surgeon, and leaves a large family. It is melancholy to think that we shall never again see his genial face within these walls ; but his memory will be perpetuated in the Museum by an oil painting and by his own private collection of antique glass, part of which is now in the Ethnological Room. STATION, YORK.— THE MUSEUM. Longitude 1” ,V W., I latitude 53" 57’ N. Height above Mean Sea Level 50 feet. Gravity ( Wreetion + n- 1 ni- P P O c CC H g Eh M >H £ pP c 2 % H j i X •OCCCO'^'^^CCCCC^C^OOO(MOC d5 r- «! O o il <1 ^ O l ' © 3 r. ■ oxoo o ci >c i' ^ M b C. C - 3 N X - " I f c ?: a: Cl CD CD >C X >Q —i i'0 >0 CD Cl — Cl — - C C Cl Cl (D •+J "Sc 3 Tc B 'E r3 3 rB Cl 3 B ~C B B = 3 3 B 60 B cjj B 3 3 .■CSS:*!1 i ’ ^ ' w CC — Tj< ^ ^ C Cj S 5. - B o as c? ° ci *• P -i I .E ' 1 ' r~‘ '—' 1—1 1 ' 1 ~ 2 5 H O ! ^ © c S 6 SS^SflSflSSSaEjoSB : jq 3 ^ q a, <6 3 £ 2 3 2 3 B-P-B-cL’p £ B- d1- ' IQ -1 3 CC( P S '-H ^ M « 3 3 fl O *3 3 H 3 3 ^ p c 73-BO ©,3-3-0 O O t - — 3 ■=!’ so o 3 •a^a HSin'yu5<0NXaO-'SJM-iiiC®NXDO-Jf;l«’C‘|5®t'X®O-' _HHHHr-Hr-Hr-SlC O rr> H P3 o PP PQ S w H x X 0 O 0 **5 P 0 a> ji © co o o 05 co 05 Ol »o o CD CD 05 r— H 05 © © © © C C< © CD © CO 05 © •O © ) > O • > —4 r—l r—< __ 1— • r— t o> P • rH < rG Sh o 03 H-H o © 04 -4 © 05 co CO Ol CO CO 05 CO 05 O! — rH r-4 4 r—H 4 © t^r 'O © © © 4-3 44 44 6 rH d bo g 4- c G g c r- P p HH g *— c i-H (— H g g r—H be g »4 G »-h ►h rG be rH rn ] g o • r- r— o £ d d d eg pH Cv d g Gu o. d d C - £ - G G- • 4 X d 4 • rH H CO CO r-H 05 05 o H o r-H CO T f* © © CC © © IF* r—H rH G £ o ■s w , 4 05 o CO r— CO 0 0 0 v *o r—H © ‘O © CO . © CO CO er © © > o * r— r—H r—H —4 r-H o r3 4— « rO < rG 4H X -d r—H CO - r—H - r-4 C CO 00 G1 05 05 - r—H 05 D1 r— -H r—H r—H r—H © o © © © © © © o 44 43 D p J rG r— B fj r—H D * o3 ^H P r- G g* cc p G G be P G G G G G P S3 — 4 O o S3 05 X O g CO o o r\ ' G r3 co d co c: G CL IO CS 05 SG, ©, c3 •4 © ■— 1 1 X CD O O G X o o - ' a r-4 § G r-H — , _ _ *- G P • r— rQ <1 r-H O X d - — r— 3 r-H OJ CO J 4V CD lO 05 CO CO CO CO 05 co CO — - - 4 05 05 05 - —4 r-4 r—H r-4 1 44> 44 44 d i— • cS CD noon. £ 6 a.m. -G g be G '£ «* ng noon. 3 p.m. 1 a in. - Q o^ — * p. l-H d ■^T noon. be • rH G GD g © s d 2 p.m. noon. ' ' 1 p.m. <-H r-H X 4 p.m. 6 p.m. £ d O 6 p.m. ’dnigh 3 a.m. noon. c P g QJ * 4 D co PI 05 co CD1 CO Ol CO oc CO o CP o © © 4 © CO 05 > o 'S . 1 »-h r—H r—H r-4 r-4 rH < 3 X 4-3 4-1 o 4 XI CO 05 o o o o 00 = r_l f-4 05 co 05 DJ "-1 ’— 1 © co 4 ‘C © co 4 44 43 Time. 'UOOU - rG Zf. rH Hh 03 1 a. in. s g c CO noon. - - CO E d noon. P P- vD G co - 8 a. in. 1 a.m. rG be • rH C IF* 2 a.m. 3 p m. 1 a.m. 1 p.m. 7 p.m. 1 a- in. rG be • rH G Gb noon. 5 d 5 p.m. 1 a.m. r ,«— * ri P C G £ rH o l>- CD CO ^0 CO CO co *(0 CO co CO rH '■f rt< rf 4 CO CO co CO CO CO CO > o — •— 1 "3 l-H JO 4 x o o o o o o 0 o f— ' >. CD o o o o O © o © o © o © © © © 0 © © © © o <4-< 4-3 d £ G »-H 5 rG . be p r h H g • r—< P- c5 - c o G o o ' c3 c - o - - £ D V H CD' f— r> G r-H g G £> * • 00 VO tc ‘O ‘O iG 1C 7 7 9 *G ‘O ‘O ■4 4 lO © >o © *o © © © CD oc > o o IS P P • r-> < 4 G O X 4-3 44 o o ° r—H 0 o C o r—H o o Ph o © © © © © © © ° © 05 r—H © © © © 44 44 44 o r— G • rH i“H d CD s d r-H •uoou o - - - Te • |4 c G3 1 a.m. 6 a.m. noon. G3 be • r— ri r3 noon. - - - - rG be • rH G G3 11 p.m. noon. r rP g be g •i- • G G ©S © 1 a.m. - noon. - 9 p.m. 1 £ s £ r~ 05 CO >o> CD t- 00 05 H 05 CO »o © oc © © 05 co «5 © t ^ 00 © © °5r>U r-4 1-1 r-H Ol 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 CO CO noon OUSE FLOODS FROM RETURNS TO THE CITY SURVEYOR. COMPARATIVE TABLE, 1896. Date. Jan. 2 5 5 3 55 15 5 5 24 5 5 25 Mar. 1 55 3 59 6 99 7 V 8 55 9 55 16 55 26 July 10 5 5 25 Aug. 24 Sep. 4 55 9 55 10 59 15 >5 16 55 18 55 20 55 22 55 23 55 25 55 26 55 27 55 28 Oct. 6 to 55 i 55 8 55 9 Nidd at Patel ey Bridge. TJre at Middle- Swale at York, Guildhall Gauge. ham Bridge. Richmond. Maximum flood. Hours from — - — Date. Hour. Height Hour. Height Hour. Height Hour. [I eight Patel y M id- dleham Rich¬ mond. ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. 4 p.m. 5 1 J £1 n . 3 2 p.m. 6 2 22 8 a.m. 3 6 „ 16 3 p.m. 3 6 23 4 p.m. 6 0 „ 25 7 p.m. 6 0 p 3-30 D.m. 3 0 „ 26 1 a.m. 5 6 7 a.m. 6 4 Mar. 4 2 a.m. 6 10 17 19 noon. 4 10 9 5 ^ 10 a.m 8 9 19 14* 17* 9 a m. 9 0 7 a.m. 5 0 17 j 3 a.m. 5 9 18 15 17 5 p.m. 6 6 7-30 p.m. 10 6 4-30 p.m. 4 0 „ 27 9 a.m. 3 2 21 9 a.m. 2 0 8-40 a.m. 3 3 „ 28 2 p.m. 3 4 4 0 p.m. 5 6 J uly 1 1 j' 1 a.m. 1 7 20 7 a.m. 4 0 96 ,, -u 9 a.m. 2 7 Ui 16 9 a.m. 4 0 2 p.m. 6 0 10 a.m. 3 0 Aug. 25 noon. 0 3 p noon. 3 1 Sep. 4 1 1 a.m 3 5 ? 5 a.m. 3 0 „ 10 3 p.m. 4 2 rlo 6-30 p m. 5 10 5 p.m. 3 0 „ 16 8 a.m. 3 6 12 15 2 p.m. 3 11 „ 18 10 a.m. 4 1 „ 20 midnight 5 0 » 22 23 9 a.m. 2 0 6 a.m. 1 10 „ 23 7 p.m. 5 4 8 p.m. S 0 7 p.m. 3 0 94 1 a.m. 4 11 20 6 a.m. 3 0 „ 25 midnight 5 0 „ 3 0 „ 26 noon. 7 S 20 21 55 2 7 Oct. 7 noon. 5 8 IS 8 p.m. 3 0 „ 8 3 p.m. 6 4 5 a.m. 4 p.m. 6 0 6 0 3 6 o p.m. 6 a.m. 6 p.m. 2 6 6 0 6 p.m. 3 0 Average interval 18| 181 6 0 *• 7-30 a.m. 3 0 6 a.m. 2 11 Miles from York . . 35 45 45 4 0 55 6 a.m. 4 6 ’? 1 3 2 \ ADDITIONAL RETURNS SUPPLIED BY R. THOMPSON. Esq. I 1 | RAINFALL, CHERRY HILL, YORK. ILK LEY. BRIGHT SUNSHINE, THE HERMITAGE, OSWALDKIRK. 1896. Greatest depth in 24 Hours. N umber of day son which -01 or more rain fell. CHERRY BANK ILKLEY. Number of dayson which -0i or more rain fell. Hours. Percentage of actual to possible. Inches. Inches. | Date. Inches. Jan. *44 T7 13 10 1-37 7 52-40 21-74 Feb. •65 •22 20 ' 8 1 *00 0 41-00 15*35 Mar. 2-26 •46 13 22 2*50 12 113*25 31*11 April •68 T6 10 13 I 2-61 10 160*50 38*39 May •49 •37 21 6 •62 4 194-60 39*55 June 243 •48 n i 15 4-41 10 186-50 36 85 J uly 1-28 •18 0 1/ 13 2-31 ( 164-40 32*49 Aug. 2-1 5 •36 31 15 1-85 12 94*40 20-74 Sept. 2 92 •70 24 24 5-74 20 97-65 26-11 Oct. 3-26 •44 i 28 6-01 16 72 55 25-79 Nov. 1-42 •44 7 12 1-71 l 66-90 26-86 Dec. 3*14 •55 4 26 4-73 S 29-70 13-37 Total 2 1 T 2 192 ! 1 34*86 i 118 1273*85 out of 4,414 h’rs ‘possible 28-86 , 1 DIFFERENCES IN 1895 FROM MEANS. Columns 1 — 6 for fifty years, 1841 — 90 ; Columns 7 — 10 for ten years. Mean Barometer. Thermometer. Rain. Rainy Days. M eon Rel. Hum kb- 1881-90* | Sunshine. (1881—1890). Visibility. 1883-1892. Min. Max. Mean of both. Hours. Per¬ centage. Jan. + 0*46 + 3*9 + 4*6 4- 4*2 — 1*24 — 91 — « — os: 4- 9* 4- 4*4 4- 2 Feb. + 0*37 4~ 2*1 4- 2*9 + 2*6 - 0-85 — 6 4-1*2 ' — 26 — 9*5 ? _ 2 Mar. — 0*16 + 2*3 4- 4*1 4- 3*2 4-0*94 4- 10 - 2*7 — 9-1 - ? — 0*9 4- 8 April 4“ 0*21 4- 2*3 4- 3*1 4- 2*6 — 0*76 4- H — 4*8 + 20 4- 4*4 4- 16 May + 0-31 — 0*6 4- 4*2 4- 1*8 - 1*36 — 8 — 2*5 4- 1 4- 0*2 4- 1 June — 0-03 + 2-0 4- 4*6 4- 3*3 4- 0*48 + 9J. — 0*2 4- 14§ 4- 2*5 4- 17 J uly + 0*08 o-o + 2-6 4" 1*4 — 1*07 0| - 2*4 — o* — 0*1 ? 4- o O Aug. + 0*09 — 2*3 — 2-0 2*1 — 0*44 0 — 1*3 — 44| — 8*9 > Sept. — 0*22 + 1*2 4- 1*5 4- 1*4 4-0*47 4* Sh 4-1*0 32* 13*5 4- 1 Oct. — 0-14 — 4*1 — 4*0 — 4*1 4-0*18 4- 8 4-1-4 1 94 4*1 — 2 ! Nov. S' 0*28 — 0*6 — 0-4 — 0'5 — 0*52 H 4-o*i 4- 11 4- 4*1 0 Dec. — - 0-17 + 1*1 4- 1*0 — 1*0 4- 1*14 4- li 4-2*3 4* 91 G> + 1 *5 0 Year Actual Value. 4- '086 (29-990) 4- 0-6 (41-6) 4- 1*8 (56*2) 4* 1'2 (48*9) — 3 03 (21*98) 4- 19* i (190) — 0-6 (83*9) — 60i (1162) - 2 1 (24*0) 4- 44 (87) THE TREASURER IN ACCOUNT WITH THE YORKSHIRE E)r. INCOME. £ s. d. £ 8. d. Subscriptions : — Town Members 627 0 0 Country Members . . . . 18 0 0 Temporary Members . • 2 0 0 Lady Subscribers 56 0 0 Associates , , 10 0 0 Arrears received 13 10 0 For Keys of Gates . . , , 53 18 6 — 780 8 6 Rents : — Major Allenby, St. Mary’s Lodge , . 65 0 0 Mr. Hill. Marygate Baths .. , , 40 0 0 York Amateur Rowing Club 5 0 0 York and District Field Naturalists’ Society, less £1 paid to Attendant 2 0 0 York Waterworks Company 0 1 0 Bootbain and Marygate 'lowers (3 months) 6 0 0 Corporation ot York . . 2 0 0 120 1 0 Hire of Tent and Table 7 13 4 Less expenses of carriage, fixing, &c. 2 13 4 5 0 0 Meteorological Department . . 15 12 0 Whitsuntide Admission Fees .. 12 19 6 Less : Attendants and Police .. .. 4 14 0 Joiners fixing barricades and new wood for same 1 16 11 6 10 11 6 8 7 Sale of Catalogues • • 8 8 0 Sale of Photographs 3 7 3 Sale of Duplicate sets of Labels , , 1 0 6 Bank Interest . . 4 7 6 Gate Money • • 226 11 10 1171 5 2 Excess of Expenditure over Income . . • • 85 17 11 £1257 3 1 Balance in hands of the Treasurer, 3 1st December, 1896 71 10 8 £71 10 8 Examined and found correct, January 20th, 1897, J. A. CUNNINGS AME. PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY for the Year ending 31st Dec., 1896. EXPENDITURE. £ s. d. £ a. Crown Rent Corporation Rent . . Rales and Taxes : — Rates and Taxes, Parishes of St. Wilfrid and St. Clave .. .. .. .. .. 3111 Waterworks Co.’s Rate .. .. 1 17 Gardeners’ Licenses . . ... 2 5 Receipt Book Stamping .... 19 Insurance Salaries an(\ Wages : Mr. Platnauer . . . . . . . . 150 0 Mr. Fielden .... 60 0 Miss Baines .... 40 1 1 Mr. Guy . . . . . . . . . . 25 0 Attendants at Museum and Hospitium, viz : Attendant at Museum . . . . 65 0 0 Female Attendant at Museum 27 6 0 Female Attendant at Hospitium .. .. 32 10 0 - 124 16 Gardeners, including temporary labour and extra duty at Gates, &c. . . 103 0 d. 8 6 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 6 Yoikshire Insurance Company — Annuity General Rep rirs and Expenses : Museum and Hospitium — Additions, Repairs and Expenses Gardens : General Additions, Repairs and Expenses 41 15 4 Asphalting . . . . . . 24 5 7 Tennis Court making and keeping in order 10 8 0 30 14 2 76 8 11 dr. £ s. d. 1 0 0 19 8 4 37 3 4 7 5 0 503 7 6 197 17 8 Estate : Builders’ and Joiners Work, viz. : Diainage .. . . 39 3 1 1 Repairs to Roofs of Hospitium and M useum . . .913 Repairs to Ruins 18 9 0 New Spouting to Hospitium 7 0 0 New Fencing at St. Mary’s Lodge 4 14 6 Repairs to Roofs at Baths . . 3 2 4 Sundry sma.l repairs .. I 19 8 - - 83 10 8 Plumbers’ and Smiths’ work .. .. 12 4 6 - 95 15 2 Library Lectures Printing and Stationery Printing Reports and Postage thereof Printing Communications to Members and Postages of same . . . . - . . Gas , Coal , and Coke : Museum Gardens . . Estate Antiquarian Department Orni hological Department Meteorological Department Preparing Photographs for Sale Catalogues Legal Charges Sundry Postages . . Military Bands Sundries including carriage of parcels and firewood Balance in hands of Treasurer, 31at December, 1895 Excess of Expenditure over Income, 1896 202 18 3 31 13 9 56 12 10 8 7 5 19 6 0 5 3 3 1 9 6 51 1 4 40 11 5 23 2 6 17 15 0 1 7 4 11 13 4 5 0 0 8 5 3 6 1 0 2 2 i £1257 3 1 157 8 7 85 17 11 £71 10 8 E. GRAY, Hon. Treasurer. XXY1 N E W MEMBERS. — ! 890. Barnby, Mrs., St Mary's House. Beaumont, Lewin, Micldegate. Bethell, Major, 32, St. Mary's. Bishop, Bev. H. E., Clifton. Bradshaw, Thus., Feasegate. Bricrley, Walter H., New Walk Terrace. Britton, Geo. H., Riversleigh , Queen Anne's Road. Buchan, Jas., 5, Grose enor Terrace. Cooper, M. L., Stonegate. Frater, Bev. W. D., 27, St. diary's. Fry, C., St. Catherine' s, Clifton. Hop ton, H. S., St. Leonard's. Hutton, Miss, Prior y House , Micldegate. Kirsopp, Thos., 58, Root ham. Long, E. D., 32, Queen Anne's Road. Nicholson, J. A., 6, Lord Mayor' s Walk. Pearson, Paul, Mary gate. Schussler, Geo., Low Ousegate. Scott, B. W. B., 20, Micldegate. Smith, E. A., Aid w ark. Spink, Hy. M., 12, Grosvenor Terrace. Swift, H. L , Blake Street. Taylor, Alfred, Polvellan, Holy ate Hill. Thorp, A. W., Rocldwlme , Clifton. Trotter, Surgeon Major, 4, St. Peter's Terrace. Vetch, Col. W. E., Club Chambers. Ware, Eras., 6, New Street. Warner, J., 2, The Mount. Wood. Cecil, Burton Lane. Wright, Wm., St. Andrewgate. NEW LADY SIJBSCK 1 BERS. Gilbert, Mrs., 10, Grosvenor Terrace. H am son, Mirs., Alcleen , St. Pete)''s Grove. King, Mrs., 20, Burton Terrace. Richardson, Mrs , Cherry Hill House. Sandys, Miss, Club Chambers. Thorp, Miss, Aim one y House, Mary gate. T KM POEARY MEMBER. By croft, Maj or W., Minster Yard. xxvn. DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM AND LIBRARY. LIBRARY. Books Presented. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, vol lii., 1896. The Journal of the Chemical Society of London, vols. lxix. and Ixx., and abstracts. The Bulletin of the American Geographi¬ cal Society, vol. xxvii., No. 4, vol. xxviii , Nos. 1, 2, 3. The Report of the British Association for the x4.dvancement of Science, Ipswich, 1895. Memoirs and Proceedings of the Man- Chester Literary and Philosophical Society. 4th series, vol. x., Nos. 1, 2, 3, vol. xli. (old) No. 1, and List of Members and Officers. The 15th and 16th Annual Reports of the United States Geological Survey, 4 parts. The 13th Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, and Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smith¬ sonian Institution for the year ending June 30th, 1893 Records of the Geological Survey of India, (Paheontologia), series xiii, vol. ii., parts 1, 2, and vol. xxvii, part 1. Records vol. xxix, parts 1, 2, 3, 4. Catalogue of Birds, vols. xxiv., xxv., xxvii. ; of Snakes , vol. iii. ; of Madre- poraria, vol.ii. ; of Fossil Fishes, part 3, of Fossil Plants of the Wealden, part 2, of Jurassic Bryozoa, an introduction to the Study of Rocks, and Guide to the Mycetozoa in the British Museum- Donors. | The Society. | The Society. ( | The Society. / | The Association. \ ) The Society. / ( The United States ) Survey. The Smithsonian Institution. The Indian Survey. The Trustees of the British Museum. / xx Yin. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, vol. xiii., part 2, vol. xiv., parts 1 & 2. Proceedings, parts 3 & 4, 1895, parts 1, 2, 3, 1896, and List of Animals in the Society’s Gardens. The Proceedings of the Poval Institution of Great Britain, vol. xxiv., part 3, No. 89, and list of Members, Officers, and Professors, 1896. The Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association, vol. xiv., parts 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and list of Members The Transactions of the Boyal Society of Edinburgh vol. xxxv., parts 3 & 4, vol. xxxviii., parts 1, 2, & Proceedings, vol. xx. The Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society, vol. vii., part 2. The Transactions of the Leicester Literaiy and Philosophical Society. New Series, vol. iv., parts 3, 4, 5, 6. The Journal of the Manchester Geo¬ graphical Society, vol. xi., Nos. 1 — 9, and Supplement, 1895. The Reminiscences of a Yorkshire Natura¬ list, Prof. W. C. Williamson. Edited by his Wife. The Transactions of the Natural History Societv of Northumberland. Durham «/ and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, vol. xiii, part 1. Monograph of the British Jurassic Gasteropoda, part 1, No. 9, by W. H. Hudleston, M.A., F.R.S. Beport on the Eruption of Ambry m Island, by Commander H. E. Purey- Cust, R.N. The Memoirs of the Russian Geological Society, vol. x., No. 4, vol. xiii., No. 2, vol. xv., No. 2, and vol. xxi., No. 2, and Bulletin, vol. xiv., Nos. 6, 7, 8, 9, vol. xv., Nos. 1, 2. The Society. \ The Societv. ) / The Association. I The Societv. \ > The Societv. The Society The Society. j Mrs Williamson. ( The Societv. I The Author. The Author. ] f The Societv. i i i j XXIX. Transactions of the Imperial Minero- logical Society of Russia, 1895. The Proceedings and Transactions of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science, vol. viii., being vol. i., Second Series and vol. ix., part 1 . The Proceedings of the Rochester Academy of Sciences, vol. ii. , Nos. o, 4, and vol. iii. The Transactions of the Meriden Scientific Association, vol. vii., 1895. The Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, vol. x., 1894-5. Tuff’s College Studies, No. 4. The Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Upsala, vol. ii., part 2, No. 4. The Transactions of the Burton-on-Trent Natural History and Archaeological Society, vol. iii., part 2. Nova acta der Kaisl. Carol. Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher ; Leopol- dina, 1895. Annalen des K. 1C. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 1895. Mitteilungen des Vereins flir Erdkunde zu Leipzig, 1895. Annual Report of the Department of Mines and Agriculture of New South Wales for 1895. Memoirs of the Indian Meteorological Society, vol. vii., part 5, and vol. viii., part i. Cloud and Monthly Current Charts of the Indian Ocean. Bergen Museum Aarsberetning for 1 894-5. Report and Proceedings of the Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society, 1895-6. The Proceedings of the British Natural¬ ists’ Society. New Series, vol. viii., Part 1, and list of Members. j The Society. \ | The Institute. / L i Hie Academy. | The Association. | The Academy. The College. > The University. I The Society. j The Academy. | The Director, j The Society. ( The Department ) of Mine 1 The Society. I J The Council. ! The Society. The Society. XXX. Transactions of the Perthshire Society of Natural Science, vol. ii., part 4. Transactions of the Rochdale Literary and Scientific Society, vol. ii , iii., iv., and 17tli Annual Report Proceedings of the Bath Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club, to], viii., No. 3. The Journal of the Northamptonshire Natural History Society, Nos. 61, 62, 66, 64. Transactions of the Natural History i > Society of Glasgow, vol. iv. New Series, part 2. Journal of the Liverpool Geological Association, vol. xv., 1894-5. The Transactions of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, part 20. Inventaire general des Richesses d’Art de la France, vol. vi. Report of the Council of the Meteoro¬ logical Society to the Royal Society for the year ending 31st March, 1895, and Daily and W eekly Weather Reports for 1896 Proceedings of the Warwickshire Natural¬ ists’ and Archaeologists’ Field Club, 40 tli Annual Report, 1895. Calendar of the Yorkshire College, Leeds, for 1896-7, and 21st and 22nd Annual Reports. Account of the Excavation of Birrens, a Roman Station in Annandale. ► Bolotin of the National Astronomical Observatory of Tacubaya, vol. i., Nos. 24, 25. Bolletini della Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale cli Firenze, 1896. An account of the Crustacea of Norway, vol. ii. Isopoda, pails 1, 2, by G. 0. S ars . > The Society. ) } The Society. ! The C lub The Society. L The Society ( The Associat ) ion. The Union. I* The Society , The Society The Club The College. The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. ) Tlie Director. ^ The Librarian. The Author. XXXI. Boletin Mensual Meteorologicoy Agricolo del Observatorio central del Estado de Vera cruz Llave, for 1896 Annual Report of the Leeds Literary and Philosophical Society for 189.5-6. Annual Report of the Sheffield Naturalists’ Club, 1895. Report of the Manchester Museum, Owen’s College, with Appendices, 1895-6. The 30th Annual Report of the Wood- wardian Museum and Lecture Room Syndicate for 1895. Reports of the Bristol Museum Com¬ mittee, 1893-4; 1895-6. Annual Report of the Cardiff Museum and Art Gallerv, 1895-6. Annual Report of the Bradford Free Libraries. j The Society. j The Society. | The Club. | The Council. ^ The Council. j \ The Committee, j t The Council. ) ( The Librarian. G EOLOG ICAL DEPART MEN T. A Collection of Lias and other Fossils. ' ^ ainwright, I Cheltenham. Two Gryplimas and a large Fossiliferous block from the Stillington Crag. Mr. G. C. Dennis. Some derived fossils from a cutting at ^ Scarcroft, York. ) The Rev. Canon Raine. A small Series of Fossils from Saltburn. ' Surgeon Colonel ■ Donaldson. Two Specimens of JEgoeeras capricorn-urn, f from Staithes ) ^r‘ ^ alkei. Ten Specimens of Rhynconella bidens from ) Mr. Geo. Oldfield, Peak. ) Malton. A Series of Fossils from the Muschelkalk and Specimens of Jurassic Ammonites > Dr. Pfarrer Engel, from Germanv. 1 MIN ERALOOY. A Series of Rhyolite and other Volcanic Rocks, from Antrim. A Small Series of Polished Pebbles. A small Series of Minerals. 1 Miss Andrews. Mrs. Palmes, Lincroft, York. Miss Wainwright, Cheltenham. xxxn. ZOOLOGY ANI) COMPARATIVE ANATOMY. A white Mole, from Flintshire. Miss Llovd Fletcher. Nerquis Hall, Mold, Flintshire. A Specimen of Platypteryx falcula , taken at Hazelbnsh, York. A clutch of eggs of the Phalarope (4), Two Golden Eye Duck, Two Eared Grebe, and One Tern, from Iceland. A curious Egg of the Lapwing from near York. I j i ( Captain Barstow, B.N. Dr. Tempest Anderson. i Mr. M. ft. Bullivant. ) A Leache’s Petrel, a great Snipe, and a Scaup Duck, shot in Wensleydale. Very fine Specimen of Coral from Jamaica. A vegetable Caterpiller, recent Shells, etc., from New Zealand. Two Specimens of Squilla mantis from the Adriatic. ^ Lord Bolton. * Miss Wilson, j St. Peter’s Grove. i The Eev. Canon ( Machell. I Mr. G. Glaisyer, \ Yale View, Malton. ANTiQUITIE S. 36 Trademen’s tokens of the 1 7th Century, belonging to the County of Durham. Part of a finely Sculptured Norman Cross from Whixley. A large Stone Hammer from Newton-on- T , , , ° t Mr. J. Backhouse. Derwent. ' A Cannon Ball and a large Jar, glaized ) Mr. J. W. Wright, inside, found in St. George’s Field. ’ 14, Moss Street, York. Two casts of Monastic Seals. Mrs. King, Burton Lane. \ Rev. Canon Paine. BOTANY. A Series of Armaria (jothica from Pibble- head, Ingleton, Yorkshire. Specimens f _TT . ,, . * • Mr. W. Whit well of Polygala austnaca and Polygala l calcar ea, from Surrey. ' A Specimen of Cotula coronopi folia near Birkenhead. from i i Miss B. M. Key worth. MISCELLANEOUS. A Series of Casts of Antique Vases. Miss Atkinson. A SYNOPSIS OF THE CRUSTACEA AND ECHINODERMATA OF THE UPPER TERTIARIES. With the exception of a very few species, which occur in some numbers, the organisms given in the following lists are rarely met with, and then usually in a more or less imperfect state of preservation, the Crustacea appearing as odd members and portions of the carapace, or in the chitinous remains of the exoderm, the Starfishes as fragments of the rays, and the Echini by plates and spines, except some in the quieter silts of the Coralline Crag, Suffolk, and the muddy estuarine clays of N. Ireland. It is therefore hardly to he wondered at that so little has been achieved in the elucidation of these faunas, and their occurrence and distribution in the later Tertiaries. Patient research and the determination of the species of “ Crab Claws ” so often met with in lists of fossils, ample enough otherwise where mollusca are concerned will, however, do much in this direction, as out of 80 — 90 species of the hard- shelled decapodous crastacea known to Britain, 20 species have been determined in a fossil state, of which number more than half are known from single examples, mostly fragmentary, chiefly chelae or claws. As a rule the most perfect examples are the shore crabs and those species inhabiting the laminarian or bryozoan zones of the Coralline Crags, where the sands and banks wTere not much disturbed when deposited. The swimming crabs are usually represented by separated fingers or limb joints (speci¬ mens of the carapace rarely occurring in either of these deposits) and commoner in the Scottish pleistocene beds or in the estuarine clays of N E. Ireland than in the earlier Crags. The Lobster group is but feebly represented. I have only been able to note from my own observations the fragments of a large claw, in the drifts of Kiliiney Bay, Dublin, and its remains in sundry Scotch middens are the only other records Af 2 the common Lobster noted that I am aware of. The Norway Lobster, Nephrops common as far south as Dublin Bay, is but doubtful as a fossil. Galathea squamifera is almost unique (Reed coll.) from Selsey. The Entomostracan Crustacea have been fully described in the well-known monographs of the Palseontographical Society, but as the remaining orders have met with but little attention, it may be desirable to mention so much as is known, the labours of Mr. Bennie of Edinburgh, and other observers having shewn the possible existence of many species of Isopods, Phyllopods and Cladocera despite the tenuity and softness of the exodermal envelope. The Cirripedia have in like manner been little studied, whether students have been frightened by Darwin’s dictum (Mon. Foss. Bal. Pal. Soc. v. 8), “Let no one attempt to identify the species of this genus from exterior appearances for otherwise he will be sure to make a mistake ” is the sum of his warning, I cannot tell, but with all deference I may be allowed to say, that I think the Professor was over cautious in the matter. I have ventured to compile a list of all species, good and bad, described as occurring in these Isles, with such notes as may be desirable up to the present time. Cladocera. The clays at the Dipple Tile Works, Ayrshire, have yielded the following species: — Alone elongata , A. guttata , A. quadrangalaris, Camptocercus macrourus , and Chytoris sphericus. Mr. Mahoney in his account of the Crofthead or Cowden Glen deposits obtained many fragments of the chitinous debris of a species of Daphnea. It also occurs at Garvel Park, on the Clyde. D. pulex , (Mr. J. Bennie,) is found in the beds at Loch Dronachy, Fife, Corstorphine near Edinburgh, and Burnhead Quarry, Ayrshire. Of the Isopoda, the “pill” millipede, Armadillo vulgaris Edw. seems to be the only land representative preserved, marine species being unknown. The position of the remains do not suggest any great age, chiefly occurring in the alluvia of rivers, often, as in that of the River Medway, at some distance from the river itself. The brick earth with land shells, interspersed 3 with marine species (see Rep. York Phil. Soc., 1892, p. 72), at Pegwell Bay, placed upon the summit of the cliffs is the earliest period I know of its occurrence. The depths it occurs at are hardly those to which it would have burrowed if it does this at all. The burrowing habits of Limnoria terebrans, Leach, are occasionally preserved in pebbles and pieces of wood, but are seldom noticed. Porcellio scaber has been lately got from an interglacial fissure deposit at Ightham, Kent. The only Phyplopod recognised as yet, Apus glacialis , has been procured in relative abundance, associated with the debris of Arctic plants in an old lake bed at Hailes, near Edinburgh, Corstorphine, and Loch Dronachy, by Mr. James Bennie. Malacostraca. — Braohyura. Atelecyclm heterodon , Leach, Cor. Crag, Aldborough. Ebalia Bryerii, Leach, Cor. Crag, Sutton. ,, Pennantii , Leach, Passage (or undisturbed) beds at base of the Red Crag, Walton Naze. Calappci sp ., Cor. Crag, Sutton. Interglacial “ Mud deposit,’7 Selsey. Cancer pagurus , L. Common from the Coralline to the higher Crags, and in most inter and post glacial deposits in England. Carvel Park, Largo and Ardrossan. Shell mound in Scotland. Rare in Ireland. Portrush, Larne. Carcinas mcenas , L., Coralline to Chillesford Beds, Selsey and Worden, England. Paisley and Oban, Scotland, and Est Clays, L. Larne, Ireland. Gonoplax angulcitus , Edw., Cor. Crag, S. of Aldborough ; very rare. Ilyas araneus , Fah., Interglacial clays of Clava, Aberdeenshire. Mr. Scott found a perfect example sitting between the valves of Pecten islandicus at Carvel Park, near Creenock. Inachus dorynchus , Leach, Cor. Crag, Aldborough. Maia squirado , Herbst., Lower and Middle Red Crag. Pilumnus hirtellus , Leach, Intergl., Selsey, and L. Larne. Portunus corrugatus, Penn., St. Erth, Cornwall, Basal passage beds, Walton Naze, Arctic sands, King Edward, Banff. Estuarine clays Magheramorne Lough Larne, 4 Portunus depur a tor, Leach, Coralline Crag. Estuarine clays, Belfast. ,, puber , L., Cor. Crag, basal beds, Walton Naze, lntergl. Clava, Aberdeen. ,, pusillus , Estuarine clays, Lough Larne. Steuorhynchus tenuirostris, lntergl., Selsey. Anomura. Eupagurus Bernhardus, L., Coral. Crag, basal beds Bed Crag, Walton Naze, lntergl., Selsey, and later Scottish deposits, rare. Macroura. Galathea squamifera , Leach, lntergl , Selsey. Homarus vulgaris , Edw., Drifts in Ballybrack Bay, Co. Dublin, Middens, Caithness. ClRRIPEDIA. Acasta undulata, Darw., Coralline Crag, Suffolk. Balanus batanoides, preglacial deposits, Chillesford, Wexford. Pleist, Paisley, Dalmuir, Portrush, and elsewhere. „ bisulcat as , Nyst., Lower Coralline to Middle Bed Crag „ calceolus , Ellis, Coral Crag. ,, cariosa , Darw., Pleist., Bute. ,, chisletianas , Sow., Q. J. Geol. Soc. xv., pi. v., 6, 7. Upper St. near Grove Ferry, Chislet, Kent. This is a very doubtful species. The figure is not unlike that of B. bisulcata , or B. spongicula , to either of which it has some resemblance. Mr. John Brown who dis¬ covered this deposit, states in his paper (see above) that it was present with about 35 other organisms. Of the 33 shells, some are undefinable, 10 or 12 are undoubtedly Coralline Crag, a few Bed Crag to recent, and two or three land and freshwater, including Corbicula ( Cyrenct) fluminialis, Ilydrobia octona ( Odos - tomia , Sp., of J.B. list), and Valvata piscina lis, the remainder were undoubtedly lower Eocene, from the Thanec sands to the London clay. As seen some time afterwards by Prof. Prestwich, and later by others, the shells represented an old interglacial lake deposit of postpliocene age, reposing upon the Lower 5 Eocene sands and >clays of the district ; the crag fossils I am inclined to think were an accidental inter-mixture, and not from this deposit at all. Dr. H. Woodward, Catal. Brit. Foss Crustacea, Brit. Mus., 1877, gives it from the Lower Tertiaries, Grove Ferry, as described by Sowerby, Gen. Shells, 1823. Darwin does not mention it in his monograph 1855. Unless further examples are obtained, this species must remain with some suspicion as to its value. Balanus concams, Brown, Coralline to Middle Bed Crag, and the Arctic deposits of Bridlington and Aber¬ deenshire. Worden, Lane. ., crenatus , Brug. This is one of the commonest of the group ranging from the Coralline Crag to recent deposits, especially in Scotland. Portrush. „ dolosus, Darw. Pliocene deposits only, Middle Crag to Wey bourne sands. ,, Hamer i, Asc. Middle and Upper Crags, Weybourne sands, and the Arctic clays of Bridlington, Isle of Man, Loch Gilp, Garvel Park and other Scotch glacial deposits. Kill-o-grange, Ireland. Kelsey Hill. The Scotch and Manx examples have not been certainly identified as this species Forbes calls it B. uddevallensis . ,, inclusasy Darw. Lower and Middle Crags. The species is rare and little known. „ porcatus, Da Costa. Middle Crag, to Chillesford, Bridlington Selsey, Arctic clays of Fife, to recent deposits, most plentiful in the Western Scotch later beds ; raised beach Balbriggan Bay and Portrush. Isle of Man. Kelsey Hill. „ Sauntonensis , Parfitt. This species described as from a raised beach at Saunton, in Devonshire, is probably only a variety of the common crenatus. „ spongicula , Brown, has only been met with in the Coralline Crag. ,, tintinnabulum , L. Not uncommon in the different Crags. At Bamsholt, Suffolk, it occurs in clusters with the opercula in situ , and is said to have been found at Bute in the glacial clays. 6 (Chthamalis) stellatus , Poli ., is a form not uncommon in the Crags or later pleistocenes. It is often intermingled and confused with B. crenatus. In this last species, the valves are more regular at the base, in C. stellatus they are stellate or rayed. Darwin Foss. Bal. I., II., f. 2, d , figures a Crag specimen with some doubt as to whether it is a young form of B. bisulcatus var plicata. The form is, however, a very constant one and common. Coronula barbata , Darw. Middle lied Crag, Sutton and Bawdsey. ,, diadema, L. Bed Crag, Suffolk, perhaps of Diestien origin. Verruca stromia , Mull. Crags and pleistocenes generally, common in Scotch deposits and Portrusli. Pyrgoma angliea , Sow. Coralline Crag, Bamsholt, mid¬ pleistocene Selsey (Beed Col ), Grove Ferry, Kent (see remarks on Bal. chisletianus). Pollicipes Hcarii. The name is given in the Cat. Mus. Practical Geologj7, London, as a pleistocene species, but without any further details Scalpellam magnum , Wood, Coralline Crag. „ vulgare , mid-pleistocene, Selsey (Beed Coll.) The majority of the later Tertiary Echini are still unknown in a living condition : for, omitting as doubtful species two solitary examples, Ag issizia and Echinolampas , and the varieties of Echinocyamus , we find that there are 19 or 20 extinct species to 10 recent ones. The starfishes on the other hand are still living mostly in northern seas. It was to he expected that in the course of the numerous deep sea dredgings, this disparity might have been reduced, hut contrariwise the investigations of Dr. W. J. Gregory from whom I have been reluctantly constrained to differ in some instances, have tended to increase the original disproportion. Crinoidea. Antedon (Comatula) Brownii, E. F., A. Woodwardi, E. F. and A. Hansom ii, all Coralline Crag ; the latter also occurs in the basal Crags at Walton Naze. It is very doubtful if the few Ossicles found justify so many species. 7 Echixoidea (regular). Cidaris BeJgicci, Cotteau. Bryozoan Crag, Aldborough. Identi¬ fied by comparing some connected plates with Cotteau’s figure. Cidaris pisum (P N. Sp.) A young example of a Cidaris from Aldborough, hardly larger than a small pea, the height and breadth nearly equal, tubercles large, may represent another species should larger examples be obtained. The Bryozoan Crag at Aldborough, contains a variety of forms incidental to this habitat that are usually passed over, the small lumps of Crag each requiring individual examination for the smaller Echinoidea and Crustacea. Diadema sp. Diestien sands of Lenham, Kent, spines only. Diadem a megastoma , A. Bell. A few examples of an apparently undescribed Echinoderm , with the test much rolled and the interior filled with a hard and compact matrix. The conditions of the fossils do not allow an exact diagnosis “ Test discord, apex flattened in every instance (apical disc broken away), peristome large, angulated, divided by notches into lobes corresponding with the straight poriferous zones, deeply recessed at the angles, tubercles fairly large, corresponding to the spines above referred to. Height J in., diam. j in.” From the condition of the test, and its localisation in the disturbed portion of the Red Crag, it is probably a deviation from the older Diestien beds. Loc. Middle (Red) Crag, Waldringfield. Mr. S. P. Woodward found a broken spine of Diadema in the Cor. Cr. Temnechinus Woodi, Agaz, of the species decribed by Forbes. Dr. Gregory groups three under the above name considering the variations to be due to sex or age. In these notes they are treated as distinct to allow for localisation. T. excavatus , Wood (female of T. Woodi , Greg.,) Cor. Crag, Sudbourne Park, Ramsholt, and Sutton, Red Crag, Foxhall and Waldringfield. T. melocactus , E. F. (male of T. Woodi , Greg.) Cor. Crag, Ramsholt and Sutton. 8 T. turbinatus, E. F. ( T. melocaetus immature , Greg.) Cor. Crag, Sutton, Fed Crag, Sutton and Waldringfield. T. globosus, E. F. Cor. Crag, Ramsholt. Prof. Forbes describes without figuring a form of Temnechinus combining the shape of T. excavatus with the characters of T. melocaetus . The Ipswich Mus. Coll, contains several fine examples. Should they ultimately prove to be distinct, they might be known as T. Forbesii. Cor. Crag, Orford, Ramsholt. Echinus ( Psammechinus ), Charlesworthii , E. F. Lower and Middle Zones of the Cor. Crag, Ramsholt and Sutton. Echinus (Psammechinus), Henslowi, E. F. Passage beds at Walton Naze, and Middle Red Crag, Waldringfield. The female according to Dr. Gregory is represented in the Reed Coll., York, by a specimen from Walton (E. ruber Keeping, M.S.) Echinus (Psammechinus) spheeroideus, Cotteau. This is the E. Nortoni , A. Bell, N. Sp., Proc. Geol. Ass. II., 1872, p. 208, Loc., Passage beds, Walton Naze, Poyton. Echinus Woo Iwardi, Desor. (E. Lamarcki), E. F. Abundant in the Coralline Crag, it passes upwards into the Chillesford series at Aldeby, and the Weybourne Crag, Norfolk. The fragments from the Middle Glacial sands of S. Y. Wood (II.) of Hopton and Billockby are probably derivative. Echinus esculentus , L. (E. splicer a, Mull), Cor. Crag, Sutton, Gedgrave, Orford. Pliocene clay, St. Erth, Cornwall, Chillesford series, Sudbourne church walks ; Pleisto¬ cenes of W. Scotland, Bute, Loch Gilp, Cumbrae, &c., Magheramorne on Lough Larne, Co. Antrim, and raised sea beds of Largo Bay, Fife. Echinus Woocli, Desor. (E. Melo. of E. Forbes, and lists of A. and R. Bell. Proc. Geol. Ass. II.) Cor. Crag, Orford. Echinus Lyellii , E. F. Cor. Crag, Ramsholt. Echinus miliaris , Mull. Cor. Crag, Orford, Red Crag, Foxhall, Nar. Valley, Norfolk, pleistocene Estuarine clays of Belfast and Lough Larne, Caithness. 9 Echinus paucimiliaris , Greg. This is the specimen referred to as Toxopneustes Drohachiensis , Proc. Geol. Ass. II. (now in the Reed Coll.) on the authority of Prof. Agassiz, to whom it was submitted. Upper Red Crag, B utley Mill. Echinus norvegicus , Sars. Fort William, Irish Estuarine clays, Magheramorne, Lough Larne. Sphcer echinus bredspinosiis , Lam. Mid-pleistocene, Selsey, Sussex. Strongylocoitrotus drohachiensis , Mull. Cor. Crag, Aldborough, early pleistocene, Bridlington, common in the Western Scottish series, raised beach, Portrueh. (see E. paucimi Haris) Some worn plates of this species were described by Messrs Crosskey and Robertson as a new species, E cumbraensis , a name afterwards withdrawn. Up. B. Cl. Cheshire. Strongylocentrotus Cotteaui , A. Bell. A very depressed Echinoid is sometimes met with in the Cor. Crag and is unlike any other with which I have been able to compare it. It follows the tuberculations of E . Woodward i in some degree, but differs essentially in the proportions of height to breadth, the very fine example from Aldborough in the Wood wardian Museum being exceedingly flattened on the upper surface unlike the conical test of E. Woodwardi. If the Cambridge specimen here referred to is the one assigned by Dr. Gregory to S. drohachiensis , Proc. Geol. Ass. XII., I fear that I cannot concur in the attribution to the latter species, S drohachiensis being essentially a Northern form Strongylocentrotus lividus , Lam. Chillesford series, Sudbourne church walks. Pleist. Langbank, N B. Strongylocentrotus scaher , Greg. Coralline Crag, Aldborough. Irregular. Echinocyamus pusillus , Mull The type form of this polymorphous urchin ranges from the passage or basal beds of the Red Crag at Walton Naze to the Chillesford sands of Aldeby. The only recorded pleistocene localities are the Selsey “ mud deposit ” 10 and the raised beaches about Chichester. It is also found in the submarine accumulations of the Turbot bank, Co Antrim. The varieties “ angulosa , rotundus , and triangularis , Greg., are Walton forms. E. hispidulus, E F., Cor. Crag and Walton passage beds, and var. Suffolciensis , Ag , common to all the Red Crags are hardly divisable from the typical species. Cotteau on the other hand instituted a new species, E. Forbesi, considering Forbes was wrong in his corrections of the Crag species with E. pusillus. E. oviformis, E. F , Cor. Crag to Chillesford beds, may be a distinct species. Rhyncopygus ( Ech inarach nius ) Woodi , E. F. This very rare species is only known by a few fragments, from the Coral Crag, Aldborough, the Walton passage beds, and the Red Crag of Sutton. One of Forbes examples may prove to be another species should perfect specimens ever be found. E chi nolamp as subrostratus , Greg. The only example of this species in the Brit. Mus. is said to be from the Cor. Crag, Suffolk. In the absence of any definite information as to its locality, I fear that this interesting species has no claim to be considered British, as the matrix to which it is attached is totally unlike any of the English Crags, indurated or otherwise. It may be a Belgian miocene Tertiary from, the genus being tolerably common in Belgium. See Lyell, Belgian Tertiaries, Q. J. G. Soc. Agassizia equipetala , Greg. This is another species of uncertain origin, the matrix being unlike the usual run of the Crag. Recent and fossil the genus is only known from the West Indies and N. America, and till further evidence is forthcoming as to the genus occurring in England, some doubt must attach to its genuineness as a British fossil. Coralline Crag, Aldborough, (Brit. Mus.) Brissus unicolor , Leske ( B . Scillce, Ag.) Rare in all horizons of the Cor. Crag. 11 Spatangus purpureas* Mull. Cor. Crag, Sutton, Orford, Aldborough, Walton Naze passage beds, Pliocene clays St. Ertb, Middle and Upper Bed Crag, Chillesford beds, pleistocene, Selsey, Gourock, and Largo Bay Fifeshire. Dr. Gray made one of the larger Spatangoids a new species, S. regina. Of this several fine specimens are known fossils, one from the Cor. Crag, Ipswich Museum (no loc.), and another from Sutton, now in the Brit. Mus., are very characteristic examples. This last, I think, comes from that portion of the Coralline Crag Hill, of Prestwich, referred to in “ The English Crags,” A. and R. Bell, as a “ face of very hard indurated Coralline Crag, highly coloured, and cemented by an infiltration of iron. This contains large Echini , Spatangus for the most part.” The form appears to be a question of size more than specific difference, inhabiting warmer seas than those of the later pliocene period. Echinocardium (Amphidetus) cordatus, Penn. Cor. Crag, Sutton, Ramsholt, Walton Naze passage beds, Boy ton, Middle Red Crag, Sutton, Upper Crag near Ald¬ borough and Sudbourne, Chillesford sands, Aldeby. It also obtains in the early pleistocenes of Bridlington, Kilchattan in Bute, and in the raised estuarine laminarian clays at Magheramorne, Lough Larne. The Starfishes are seldom well preserved, as in addition to the habit many have of breaking up ; the matrix in which they are contained is seldom so favourable for conservation as are the Arctic clays of Montrose containing Ophiolepis gracilis. Ophiuroidea. Ophiocnida brachiata, Mont. Shellag, Isle of Man. Ophiocoma bellis , Lmk. Dalmuir, Paisley, Greenock, and other W. Scottish pleistocene deposits. Ophiocoma rosula , Link, pleist, Caithness. Ophiolepis ( Haploaster ) gracilis , Alim. Arctic glacial clays, Montrose and Dunbar. Ophiotrix sp. Brit. Mus. No loc. Ophiura albida , E. F. Pleist., Garvel park, Bute, Kilchattan, , Duntroon and L. Fyne. Ophiura texturata, Lam. Pleist., Garvel Park, Greenock. 12 Asteroidea. Uraster ( Asterias ) rubens , Retz. Cor. Crag and Walton Naze passage beds (Ossicles of ambnlacral grooves). Some granulated fragments of a short rayed starfish with bluntly terminated arms are met with, but only rarely in the Coralline Crag at Sutton amongst the smaller mollusca. They approach very closely to Solaster ( Lophaster furcifer, Dub. et Ker.) and may possibly be an allied species, the species having a wide range on both sides of the Atlantic. Goniasterid^. Ossicles. Walton Naze passage beds. Holothtjroidea. Cucumaria dubiosa , Herdm. Pliocene clays, St. Erth, Cornwall. Psolus phantopus , L. Pleist. clays, Rothesay, Houston, Greenock, and Garvel Park, N.B. ALFRED BELL, London. CATALOGUE OF BRITISH PLANTS IN THE HERBARIUM OF THE YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. PAET III. 149. Reseda alba, Linn. Mignonette. Waste places [alien'). Distrib. Southern Europe, &c. Sp. Endgreen, Penzance 150. Reseda lutea, Linn. Waste place 8 on Calcareous soil from Durham to Cornwall. Distrib. Europe, N. Africa & W. Asia. Sp. Summer Castle, Lincolnshire In cornfields, &c., about Bramham, Yorkshire 151. Reseda Luteola, Linn. Dyer’s Weed ; Weld. Waste places on Calcareous soil. E. Sutherland southward. Distrib. Europe, N. Africa & W. Asia Sp. Thorp Arch (Yorkshire), and various places upon the Magnesian limestone Near Eipon, Yorkshire Date. Collector. Herbarium. (1820) Eev. J. Dalton Eev. J. Dalton (1810) Eev. J. Dalton Eev. J. Dalton 1801 S. Hailstone S. Hailstone 1820 1820 S. Hailstone Eev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone Eev. J. Dalton CISTINE^E. 152. Helianthemum i guttatum, Mill. Dry hilly downs , Cork, Jersey, &c. Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia. Sp. St. Brelades, Jersey July 1845 Dr. Dickson Jersey 1826 Eev. J. Dalton La Corbiere, J ersey 1849 Dr. Dickson S. Hailstone Eev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone 14 j ? 153. HeSianthemum Breweri, PBanch. S tony plates, Anglesea. Sp. Holyhead Mountain, Anglesea Date. Junel, 1850 Collector. J. Ball 154. HeSianthemum man- folium, Mill. Limestone rocks, Teesdale to N. Wales, j Distrib . Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia. Sp. Great Ormes head (Carnarvonshire) 1839 W. Gourlie, junr. Herbarium. S. Hailstone S. Hailstone Heiianthemum marifolium va r. vineaSe, Pars* Sp. Cronkley Fell, Teesdale, Yorks. >J > 5 5 J > > 5 > n >» j ’ j? Great Isle of Aran, Galway (Sub nom. H.canum and Cistus marifolius ) Cronkley Fell, Yorkshire . . 155. HeHanthomum Cham- asesstus, MIBB. Rock rose. places, Sutherland to Cornwall. Distrib. Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, W. Asia. Sp. Black Hambleton, N. Yorkshire, Saltburn, N.E Yorkshire Bramham, &c., Yorkshire Ilelks Wood, Ingleton, W. Yorks.j Roulston Scar, I hirsk, Yorkshire Near Newark, Notts. Ripon, Yorks. 15©. Heiianthemum p@ii“ f©Sium3 Mill. White rock rose. Devon, and Somerset. Distrib. Mid. and S. Europe, N. Africa Sp. Rocks near Torquay, Devon. Brean Downs, Somerset. . . • '• A j . - BabbicOm.be, Devon. Brean Downs, Somerset. . . Brean or Brent Downs, Somerset. Aug25 1824 S. Hailstone S. Hailstone 1816 Rev. J. Dalton Rev. J. Dalton 1849 D. Oliver S. Hailstone 1840 II . Baines A. W. Walker 1850 Dr. Melville S. Hailstone | 1883 H. J. Wilkinson H. J. Wilkinson 1799 S. Hailstone S. Hailstone 1800 S. Hailstone S. Hailstone ! 840 H. Baines A W. Walker 1890 II. J. Wilkinson II. J. Wilkinson 1816 W. Middleton W. Middleton 1800 Rev. J. Dalton Rev. J. Dalton 1846 Mr. Garforth S. Hailstone June 1883 H. Fisher H. J. Wilkinson 181 5a Rev. J. Dalton Rev. J. Dalton 1820 Woods Rev. J. Dalton 1820 Dr. Bromfield S. Hailstone 15 VIOLACE/E. 15T. Viola paiustris, Linn. Marsh Violet. Swamps and bogs , Suther¬ land to Cornwall. Distrib. Temp, and Arctic Europe, Asia and America. Sp. Copgrove, nr. Borobridge, Yorks. Near Holwick (Teesdale), Yorks., Bavenroyd Wood (Burnley or Bingley), Fir plantation on the Ivirkby Hill road nr. Borobridge Hollyhill wood, Castle Howard, Yorks. . . . . . . Halifax, &c., Yorks. Askham Bogs near York . . Langwith ,, Date. 1790 1830 1820 1840 1882 Collector. Bev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone W. Middleton H. Baines H. J. Wilkinson 158. Yi©la ©do rata, Linn. Sweet violet. Hedgebanks and copses , E. and S. England. Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, N. & W. Asia. Sp. Copgrove, Borobridge, Yorks. York Hedges between York and Holgate, Thorparch, Yorks. 1790 Bev. J. Dalton 1820 W. Middleton 1832 S. Hailstone 159. Viola hsrta, Linn. Hairy Violet. Dry chalky soils , Forfar to Cornwall. Distrib. Europe and N. W. Asia. Sp. Copgrove, Yorks. Studley Park, Bipon, Yorks. Bocks atGordale, Settle, Yorks. . . Thorparch, Yorks. Hovingham, Yorks. Thorparch, Yorks. 1790 Bev. J. Dalton 1800 W. Brunton 1840 S. Hailstone 1840 O. A. Moore 1820 W. Middleton 1840 H. Baines Herbarium. Bev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone W. Middleton A. W. Walker H. J. Wilkinson Bev. J. Dalton W. Middleton S. Hailstone Bev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone S. Hailstone O. A. Moore W. Middleton A. W. Walker 16 160. Viola sylvatica, Fries. Wood violet. Hedgehanks and thickets from Shetland to Cornwall. Distrih. Europe, N. and W. Asia. Sj o. Knavesmire, near York Halifax, &c., Yorks. Askham bogs, York Copgrove, Borobridge, Yorks. (Sub nom. V. canina). Date. 1840 18-30 1883 1790 Collector. H. Baines H. J. Wilkinson Rev J. Dalton 161. Viola canina, Linn. Dog Violet. Sandy and peaty places from Caithness to Cornwall. Distrih. Europe (Arctic), N. & W. Asia, N. America. Sp. Strensall Common, York. 1884 H. J. Wilkinson 162. Viola lactea, Sm. Heaths , York to Cornwall. Distrih W. Europe. Sp. Thorn Moor, Yorks. (1842) H. Baines 163. Viola stagnina, Kit. Dogs. E. England and Galway. Sp. Bottisham Een, Cambs. Newtown, Gort, Co. Galway ( 1 830) Prof. Henslow 1894 P. B. O’Kelly 164. Viola tricolor, Linn. Wild Pansy. Cultivated ground, Shetland to Cornwall. Distrih. Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, N. and W. Asia. Sp. Croft, Yorks. Thorparch, Yorks. 1826 Pev. J. Dalton 1830 S. Hailstone Herbarium. A. W. Walker H. J. Wilkinson Eev. J. Dalton H. J. Wilkinson A. W. Walker Rev. J. Dalton H. J. Wilkinson Rev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone 17 165. Viola arvensis, Murr. Sp. Sandy fields, Poppleton, York Date. 1882 Collector. H. J. Wilkinson 166. Viola Curtisii, Forster. Sandy shores from E. Sutherland to Cornwall. Sp. Sandy sea- shore, Lytham and Heysham, Lancashire . . 1895 H. J. Wilkinson 167. Viola lutea, Huds. Yellow (Mountain) Pansy. Hilly districts E. Sutherland to Wales. Distrib. W. and Central Europe. Sp. Kirkby Hill Moor, &c., Yorks. Pipon, &c., Yorks. . . Sawley Moor, Ripon, Yorks. Near the water trough in the fields atBoggrington,uponthe common as you go from Malham to the octagon summerhouse at the Tarn, and near the Farmhouse. In the field where the Octagon house stands Gordale, &c., Settle, Yorks. Teesdale, Halifax, &c., Yorks. Pastures by the Tees above High Force, Yorks, and Durham Kirby Hill, Borobridge, Yorks. . . 1800 1800 W. Brunton Rev. J. Dalton 1807 8. Hailstone 1808 S. Hailstone 1832 S. Hailstone 1840 H. Baines 1883 H. J. Wilkinson 1820 W. Middleton POLYGALE/E. 168. Polygala vulgaris, Linn. Milkwort. Heaths and dry hilly pastures , Shetland to Cornwall. Distrib. Europe (Arctic) N. Africa, W.Asia Sp. Croft, Yorks, York Thorparch, Yorks. Fawdington Common, BraffertoD, Yorks. 1826 Rev. J. Dalton 1840 H. Baines 1830 S. Hailstone 1834 Rev. W. Gray Herbarium. H. J. Wilkinson H. J. Wilkinson Rev. J. Dalton Rev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone S. Hailstone S. Hailstone A. W. Walker H. J. Wilkinson W. Middleton Rev. J. Dalton A. W. Walker S. Hailstone H. J. Wilkinson 18 re'r : i Date. Collector. Herbarium. 169. Polygala oxyptera Reiohb. Sandy and chalky soils from Perth, southd. Sp. From Sands, Southport 1884 E. C. King H. J. Wilkinson 170. Polygala sorpyllacea, Weihe. Sp. Thorparch, Yorks. (Sub nom. vulgaris). 1830 S. Hailstone - ‘ S. Hailstone 171. Polygala ealearea, F. Schultz. Dry soil and rocks , S. & S.E. of England. Distrib. Central and S. Europe. Sp. Cliff Hill, Lewes z - 1895 E. H. Farr H. J. Wilkinson Chalk hills, Leatherhead downs, Surrey 1889 Wm. Whitwell, H. J. Wilkinson = " F.L.S. 172. Poiygala austriaca, Grants. Wm. Whitwell, Sp. Roadside bank, Caterham, Surrey! July 1891 F.L.S. H. J. Wilkinson FRANKENIACE/E. ITS, Frankenla Llnrs, Sea-Heath. Salt marshes , S. and E. coasts of England. i Distrib. W. Europe, Africa, W. Asia. - - - Sp. Shoreham beach, Sussex Sept, 1895 T. Hilton - Yarmouth . . (1800) -- Rev. J. Dalton ,, i • • • • ■ • • (1800) Sir Thos. Gage H. J. Wilkinson Rev. J. Dalton Rev. J.- Dalton 19 CARYOPHYLLE/E. Date. Collector. 174= Diantfoys ArmeraajLirm. Deptford Pink. Fields, and dry banks from Forfar to Cornwall. Distrib. Europe, W. Asia, &c. Sp. St. Mary’s Cliurch, Devon 1847 Parker Kingsteignton, Devon July 10 1837 W. S. Hore Chelsfield, Kent 1843 E. Edwards IJpnor or (Uppor), Kent July 17 1826 Prof. Henslow Rochester, Kent 1826 Prof. Henslow Near Wolsingham (1830) W. B. Henfield, Sussex 1823 ;! j Rev. J. Dalton 175. Dianthus deitoSdes, ■■ \ ‘ 1 Linn. Maiden Pink. Sandy and gravelly places , Inverness to Kent. ; ■* Distrib. Europe. Sp. Scampston Park, Malton, Yorks. 1820 W. Middleton Blair Athol, Perthshire »> Edinburgh (var glaucus ) j y ■j j> .> ii ) » Scampston Park, Yorks. . . 1798 R. Teesdale ,, ,, ,, .... 1800 Rev. J. Dalton Terringfon (Malton), Yorks. 1837 R. Spruce Edinburgh 1830 Giles Munby Degawny, Conway (Carn.) 1884 H. Fisher Terrington, Yorks. 1884 H. J. Wilkinson ITS. Dianthus Sm. - Cheddar Pink. Limestone rocks, Cheddar. Distrib. Belgium southward. Sp. Cheddar Cliffs, Somersetshire 1820 Rev. J. Dalton 1 1 J > 5 > 1830 S. Hailstone ) j n 1840 J i V O Stewart IIrrbarium. S. Hailstone S. Hailstone Rev.J. Dalton, Jr. Rev. J. Dalton >> W. Middleton >) n Rev. J. Dalton Rev. J. Dalton H. J. Wilkinson G. Munby H. J. Wilkinson H. J. Wilkinson Rev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone S. Hailstone 20 Date. Collector. 177. Dianthus plumarius, Linn. Wild pink. Naturalized on old walls. Sp. Walls, Fountains Abbey, Ripon, Yorks. 1844 O. A. Moore Thorparcb Woods, Yorks. Studley Woods, nr. Ripon (sub nom. 1832 S. Hailstone caryophyllus) Rev. J. Dalton 178. Dianthus caryophyllus, Linn. Clove Pink. Walls, Rochester Castle, Kent (1800) Mr. Winch Deal Castle, Kent . . 1820 W. Middleton Rochester Castle, Kent Julyl6 1827 Prof. Henslow 179. Dianthus prolifer, Linn. Sandy Sf gravelly places, Perth southwards. Distrib. Europe, W. Asia. Sp. Isle of Wight 1843 Dawson Turner 180. Saponaria officinalis. Soapwort. Banks of streams, hedges, Sfc., naturalized. Distrib. Europe and temp. Asia. Sp. Near Grimbald bridge on the banks of theNidd (Knaresbro’), Yorks. 1800 Rev. J. Dalton Banks of the Swale, Topcliffe, Yorks. 1790 >> )> >> 1829 Rev. W. Gray Behind the Castle, Scarbro’ On the rocks in the river above the 1813 S. Hailstone bridge, Kirkby Lonsdale, West¬ moreland Aug. 1834 S. Hailstone Scarbro’, Yorks. 1820 W. Middleton Herbarium. 0. A. Moore S. Hailstone Rev. J. Dalton Rev. J. Dalton W. Middleton Rev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone Rev. J. Dalton n H. J. Wilkinson S. Hailstone S. Hailstone W. Middleton 21 181. Siierje Cucuhalus, Wibei. Bladder campion. Roadsides , Caithness to Cornwall. Distrib. Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, N.W. India. Tummel F erry, Perthshire, Scotland. Field where the Tower stands, Southburn Copgrove, Yorks. Thorparch, Yorks. 182. Silane mar it ini a, With. Sea shores and alpine rills , Shetland to Cornwall. Distrib. Shores of Europe (Arctic) to the Canaries. Sp. Ilfracombe, N. Devon ,j 5) Eocks above Wharfe (nr. Settle) . . From Dawlish on the coast of Devonshire by my daughter Jane Date. 1830 1790 1840 1820 1883 1844 1847 183. SiSene Armaria, Linn. {Alien.) Sp. Near Yalding, Kent 184. Biien® eonica, Linn. Pastures and sandy heaths, Kent to Forfar. Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia. Sp. Sandhills nr. Sandown Castle, Kent Dover Dirleton, Haddingtonshire Eomney Warren, Kent 1844 (1820) (1820) 1830 (1820) Collector. S. Hailstone Eev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone Eev. J. Dalton H. Fisher J. Tatham Miss Hailstone E. Edwards W. Middleton Eev. J. Dalton Giles Munby Eev. J. Dalton Herbarium. S. Hailstone Eev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone Eev. J. Dalton H. J. Wilkinson H. J. Wilkinson S. Hailstone Eev. J. Dalton, Jr. W. Middleton Eev. J. Dalton G. Munby Eev. J. Dalton 22 185. Silene anglica, Linn. Sandy and gravelly fields, Elgin to Cornwall, Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, N. and W7 Sp. Asia. Field near tire road from We to Bramham (Yorkshire) Croft, ATorkshire (S. gallica) Fields near St. David’s, S. Linn. where I knew it 30 years ago . 187. Siiene acauSis? Linn. Moss campion. Alpine rocks, Slietlai to Carnarvon Distrib. All arctic regions, Alps < Europe, N. Asia, and N. America. Sp. Ben Lawers, Perthshire Pocks, Cwm Idwel, Carnarvon . Near summit of Snowdon on the Capel Curig side Ben Lomond (Stirlingshire) Ben Lomond ,, Glen Callater, Aberdeenshire Glen Callater Date. Collector. Herbarium. Aug 7, 1849 Mr. Birbeck. S. Hailstone 1826 Pev. J. Dalton Pev. J. Dalton 5 1820 W. Middleton W. Middleton 1827 Pev. J. Dalton Pev. J. Dalton L 1801 Mr. Winch Pev. J. Dalton 1820 W. Middleton W. Middleton June 30 1842 J. Backhouse, Jr. H. J. Wilkinson July 2 5 1839 S. Hailstone S. Hailstone 1848 Mr. McKay 7 } Aug. 9 1 842 Dr. Balfour * 7 1830 Dr. Greville Rev. J. Dalton 188. Silene Otites, Wibel. Sandy fields and roadsides , Norfolk, Suffolk, &c. Distrib. Europe, Siberia, W. Asia. Sp. Chippenham gravel pits, Cambridge Thetford Heath, Suffolk . . 1800 i 884 Pev. J. Dalton Rev. J. Dalton Pev. J. D. Grav H. J. Wilkinson 23 189. SSSerae nutans, Linn. Date. COLLECTOH. Nottingham Catehfly. Dry places and walls , Forfar to Channel Islands. Distrib. Europe (Arctic), Canaries. Sp. Docks, Knaresbro’, Yorkshire Great Orme’s Head, Carnarvon . . Dover, Kent 1800 1884 1820 W. Brunton H. Fisher W. Middleton 190. SiSene raoctifiora, Linn. Sandy fields, Forfar to Cornwall. Distrib. Europe, Siberia, W. Asia. Sp. Copgrove, Yorks. Near Owlet Hall, Thorparch, Yorks. In a field behind the sandhills between Dedcar and Marske . . Oglethorp and Thorparch, Yorks. Dipon York (Heslington fields) 1790 1849 Aug. 1832 1820 1840 Dev. J. Dalton Mr. Birkbeck S. Hailstone 5 ? W. Middleton O. A. Moore 191. Oueubaius baceifer, Linn, {Alien). Sp. Isle of Dogs, Middlesex Specimen froui Mr. Dobson (no locality). 1843 E. Edwards 192, Lychnis alba, BVBill. White campion. Fields, hedgerows , 6pc. Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, Siberia. Sp. Copgrove, Yorkshire Brafferton, ,, Thorparch, ,, 1790 1835 1850 Dev. J. Dalton Dev. W. Gray S. Hailstone Herbarium. S. Hailstone H. J. Wilkinson W. Middleton Dev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone 55 55 W. Middleton 0. A. Moore Dev. J. Dalton, Jr. Dev. J. Dalton H. J. Wilkinson S. Hailstone 24 193. Lychnis dioaea, Linn. Red campion. Damp copses, fyc., Sbetlands to Channel Islands. Distrib. Europe (Arctic) to tlie Caucasus. Sp. Croft, Yorkshire Studley Woods, Ripon, Yorkshire Copgrove, Yorkshire (Sub nom L. Silvestris and dioicav ar. rubra. ) Date. 1830 1844 1790 194. Lychnis Flos-cucuii, Linn. RaggedRobin. Moist Meadows, Copses, Sfc. Shetlands to Cornwall. Distrib. Europe (Arctic), Siberia. Sp. Copgrove, Yorkshire Brafferton (Borobridge), Yorkshire Thorparch, Yorkshire 195. Lychnis Viscaria, Linn. Trap rocks, local, N. Wales, M. and S. Scotland. Distrib. Europe (excl. Spain and Greece) to the Caucasus. Sp. Blackford Hill, Edingburgh Arthur’s seat, ,, Blackford, near Edinburgh Arthur’ 8 seat, Edinburgh 1790 1834 1840 1820 1830 1840 (1820) 1830 Collector. Rev. J. Dalton O. A. Moore Rev. J. Dalton Rev. J. Dalton Rev. W. Gray S. Hailstone Rev. J. Dalton Giles Munby 0. A. Moore Dr. Murray S. Hailstone 196. Lychnis alpina, Linn. Alpine moors and ravines , Cumberland, Lancashire, and Clova Mountains. Distrib. Alps, Pyrenees, and Arctic regions. Sp. “ Rocks on the Mountains of Clova in Angusshire,” but rare Clova Mountains, Forfarshire >j i i )* • • >) n n « • Glen Isla, ,, Clova Mountains, ,, >} f) ,, ,, from Mr. Leyland, Halifax 1800 Don 1810 W. Middleton 1820 Rev. J. Dalton 1830 S. Hailstone 1839 Dr. Greville j 1850 H. Ibbotson ' Aug. 1832 J. McNab j (1840) Herbarium. Rev. J. Dalton O. A. Moore Rev. J. Dalton Rev. J. Dalton H. J. Wilkinson S. Hailstone Rev. J. Dalton G. Munby 0. A. Moore W. Middleton S. Hailstone Rev. J. Dalton W. Middleton Rev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone H. J. Wilkinson Giles Munby S. Hailstone 25 Date. 197. Lychnis Githago, Scop. Corn-Cockle. Cornfields , Orkneys to Channel Islands. Distrib. Europe, W. Asia to Persia. Sp. Brafferton, near Borobridge, Yorks. Eipon 19S« Holosteym umbelBatum, Linn. Old Walls , Sfc., Nor wick and Bury. Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia. Sp. On old walls, Bury, Suffolk Walls of Norwich, Norfolk Walls, Bury St. Edmund’s, Suffolk Bury St. Edmund’s, Suffolk 199. ©©rastium quaterneilym, F@nzl. Gravelly pastures , Cheviots to Cornwall Distrib. W. Europe from Holland to Hungary. Sp. Earnham, Suffolk Kensington, near London North side of Castle Hill, Hastings Ashdowm Forest, Sussex . . 200.C©rastiy m tetrandmm, Curtis* Sandy and waste places usually near the sea, Shetland to Channel Islands. D is trib . W . Europe. Sp. Queensferry (Fife) . . Flamborough Head, Yorkshire, near the lighthouse Hastings (Sub nom. semidecandrum ) Pedcar and Coatham, N.E. Yorks. 1829 1800 1800 1840 May 1803 1855 (1820) (1810) 1834 June 1895 (1810) 1820 1834 (1806-30) Collector. Lev. W. Gray W7. Brunton Sir Tkos. Gage J. Backhouse Rev. J. Dalton H. Ibbotson Rev. J. Dalton W. Middleton S. Hailstone E. H. Farr Rev. J. Dalton W. Middleton S. Hailstone Rev. J. Dalton Herbarium. H. J. Wilkinson Rev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone S. Hailstone Rev. J. Dalton H. J. Wilkinson Rev. J. Dalton W. Middleton S. Hailstone H. J. Wilkinson Rev. J. Dalton W. Middleton S. Hailstone Rev. J. Dalton 26 Date. 201. Cerasiium pumilum, Curtis. Dry banks, Worcester, Gloucester, Devons. Sp. St. Vincent’s rocks . . . . . . (1820) (Sub nom. semidecandrum). Black rock gully, Bristol, Gloucester 1884 202. Cerastium semidecandrum, Linn. Mouse-ear chickweed. Walls and dry banks, Shetland to Channel Islands. Distrib. Europe, N. Africa. Sp. Ellershaw, near Bipon Bedcar, N.E. Yorks n .... 203 CerastEym^iomeratum Thuili. 1800 1799 1808 Dry places, Shetland to Cornwall. Distrib. Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, W. Asia. Sp. Brafferton (Borobridge), Yorkshire Thorp arch, Yorkshire Stock gill Force, Westmoreland . , 1835 1840 Sept. 1836 COLLECTOR. W. Middleton H. Fisher W. Brunton S. Hailstone Bev. J. Dalton Bev. W. Gray S. Hailstone S. Hailstone 204. Cerastium trivial©, Link. Waste places, Shetland to Channel Islands. Distrib. Europe from the Arctic Circle southwards. Sp. Copgrove, Yorkshire Stittenham "Wood, Elaxton, Yorks. Bottisham, Cambs. 1790 1843 1840 Bev. J. Dalton H. Ibbotson S. Hailstone Herbarium. Wr. Middleton H. J. Wilkinson S. Hailstone S. Hailstone Bev. J. Dalton H. J. W7ilkinson S. Hailstone > 5 Bev. J. Dalton H. J. WTlkinson S. Hailstone 27 205. Cerastium alpinum, Date. Collector. Li nn. Alpine and subalpine rocks, Westmore¬ land, Wales, and Scotland. Distrib. Mountains of Europe, N. America, and all Arctic regions. Sp. Ben Lawers and Loch-na-gar (1820) Rev. J. Dalton Clova Mountains, Forfar 1839 J. Balfour Ben Lawers, Perthshire . . 1810 W. Middleton 55 5 5 (1820) W. J. Hooker Ben Lomond, Stirlingshire 1827 Rev. J. Hailstone 55 55 (1840) G. Maw 206. Cerastium arcticum, Lang*©. (Sub nom. Cerastium latifolium). Sp. Ben Nevis (Inverness) 1845 Dr. Balfour Ben Lomond (Stirling) 1848 Mr. McKav Ben Nevis (Inverness) > J G. Maw 5 y ) y (1820) Rev. J. Dalton ? ) 5 > (1810) W. Middleton 207. Cerastium arvens©, Linn. Sandy fields and waste places , Inverness southward. Sp. Sandhills, Ganthorpe, Yorkshire . . June, 1 843 H. Ibbotson Wentbridge and Fairburn 1806 Pontefract, F errybridge, Thorparch , S. Hailstone Yorkshire ) 1832 ) Banks of the Ouse, Poppleton, York 1883 H. J. Wilkinson BanksoftheOuse,Clementhorpe ,, 1884 H. J. Wilkinson Newmarket Heath, Cambs. 1845 S. Hailstone 208. Cerastium trig^ynum, Vi I Bo Alpine and subalpine rills , Mid. Scotland. Distrib. Alps of Europe, N. and W. Asia. Sp. Ben Bourd, Braemar 1839 Dr. Balfour Ben Lomond (Stirling) 1840 Mr. McKay 5 5 5 5 1820 W. Middleton Ben Nevis (Inverness) 1800 Rev. J. Dalton Cairntoul, Braemar, (Aberdeen) . . 1850 J. Backhouse, Jr. Herbarium. Rev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone W. Middleton Rev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone A. W. Walker S. Hailstone S. Hailstone A. W. Walker Rev. J. Dalton W. Middleton H. J. Wilkinson S. Hailstone H. J. Wilkinson H. J. Wilkinson S. Hailstone S. Hailstone S. Hailstone W. Middleton Rev. J. Dalton H. J. Wilkinson 28 209. Stegiaria aquatica, Scop. Borders of ditches , streams , SfC., York southward. Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, N. & W. Asia Sp. Claypool Mill, 4 miles from Newai Notts. Banks of the Foss, York . . Near the river Fuss, York Layerthorpe Postern, York Ditches in the fields between North street Postern and Holgate, York Bramham Beck below the Mill, Thorparch, Yorks. Ditches about Grandchester Mills, Cauibs. Banks of the Foss, Huntington . . Banks of the Ouse, Poppleton, York By the brook past the Angel Inn, going from Brafferton to York 210. Stegiaria nemorum, Linn. Shady places from Dumbarton to S. Wales. Distrib. Europe excl. Greece & Turkey. Sp. Weathercoat Cave, Settle, Yorks. Castle Howard Woods Hackfall, Bipon, Studley Woods, Bipon, Thorparch Woods, Bavenroyd Wood, Bingley, Heath, near Wakefield, Howsham Woods, near York 211. SteBBarla media, ©yr. Cliiekweed. Waste ground. Distrib. AllArcticand N. Temp. regions. Sp. Copgrove, Yorkshire Brafferton, ,, >> * i yy )y > y Date. Collector. Herbarium. 1816 W. Middleton W. Middleton 1840 O. A. Moore O. A. Moore 1806 ^ 1825 S. Hailstone S. Hailstone Aug. 6, 1849 Mr. Birkbeck ” 1839 S. Hailstone ” J 1883 H. J. Wilkinson H. J. Wilkinson 1834 Bey. W. Gray H. J. Wilkinson 1844 O. A. Moore O. A. Moore 1790 B. Teesdale Bev. J. Dalton 1800 W. Brunton >> 1800 Bev. J. Dalton > > 1848 S. Hailstone S. Hailstone f 1809 S. Hailstone S. Hailstone 1850 H. Ibbotson H. J. Wilkinson 1790 Bev. J. Dalton Bev. J. Dalton 1834 Bev. W. Gray •/ H. J. Wilkinson 29 2S2. Stellaria HcSostea Linn, Date. Stitchwort. Hedges and copses, fyc., Caithness southward. Distrib. Europe and W. Asia. Sp. Copgrove, Yorkshire . . . . 1791 Thorparch ,, .. .. 1840 York . Poppleton, near York .. 1883 Croft, Yorkshire . . . . . . 1826 213. Stellaria palustris,Ehrh Marshy places, Fife to Channel Islands. Distrib. Europe, W. Asia Sp. Copgrove, near Borobridge, Yorks. Beverley, E. Yorkshire In the held called the Brick Garth, adjoining the Canal at Selby (Yorkshire) plentifully Askham Bogs (York) 214.Staliariag(ramin@a,Linri Hedgebanks, Sfc., Channel Islands to Shetland. Distrib. Europe (Arctic), Siberia, W. Asia. 1790 1798 1807 1883 Collector. Eev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone S. Hailstone H. J. Wilkinson Eev. J. Dalton Eev. J. Dalton Col. Machell S. Hailstone H. J. Wilkinson Sp. Copgrove, Yorkshire Thorparch, Yorkshire Bralferton, Yorkshire Upon a Mountain, North of Loch I Oich. Invernesshire (under S. scapigera ) Strensall Common, York . . 21 5. Stellaria ullginosa,l¥lurr Wet places, Shetland to Channel Islands.! Distrib. Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, N. America. Sp. Copgrove, Yorkshire Y ork . , •» •• Askham Bogs, York Strensall Common, York 1790 Eev. J. Dalton 1840 S. Hailstone 1830 Eev. W. Gray 1800) Eev. J. Dalton 1883 H. J, Wilkinson 1790 Eev. J. Dalton 1820 S. Hailstone 1883 H. J. Wilkinson 1883 >> Herbarium. Eev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone S. Hailstone H. J. Wilkinson Eev. J. Dalton Eev. J. Dalton Eev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone H. J. Wilkinson Eev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone H. J. Wilkinson Eev. J. Dalton H. J. Wilkinson Eev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone H. J. Wilkinson 30 Date. Collector. 216. Arenaria verna, Linn. Sandwort. Dry rocks and pastures , Cornwall to Shetland. Distrib. M. and S. Europe, N. Africa, N. America. Sp. Rocks above Settle 1840 J. Ta tham Near the Strid, Bolton, Yorkshire 1799 S. Hailstone Malham Tarn, Yorkshire 1830 S. Hailstone Ingleborough, W. Yorkshire 1893 H. J. Wilkinson Cronkley Fell, Teesdale, Yorkshire 1883 H. J. Wilkinson Llanberrie8 (Carnarvon) 1798 Rev. W. Bingley Snowdon 1800 Rev. J. Dalton Arthur’s Seat, Edinburgh (1820) W. Middleton Greenhow Hill W. Middleton Ingleborough, Yorkshire . . 1787 Rev. J. Dalton 217. Arenaria Sulcata, Schlecht. Rocks , W. Sutherland and Mid. Perth. Distrib. Arctic Regions. Sp. Ben Lawers, Perthshire . . 1826 Rev. J. Dalton Ben Lawers, ,, 1850 H. Ibbotson Ben Lawers, ,, 1839 (Gourlie) Craig Chaillack 1837 (Gourlio) (sub nom. A . rubella, Hook). 218. Arenaria uliginosa, Schleich. Banks of a rill, Widdy Bank, Teesdale, Durham. Distrib. W. Europe (Arctic), Lapland, Italy. June 24, Sp. Widdy Bank, Teesdale, Durham. . 1844 J. Backhouse, Jr. Widdy Bank, ,, 1844 J. Backhouse, Jr. Herbarium. S. Hailstone S. Hailstone S. Hailstone H. J. Wilkinson H. J. Wilkinson Rev. J. Dalton Rev. J. Dalton W. Middleton W. Middleton Rev. J. Dalton Rev. J. Dalton H. J. Wilkinson S. Hailstone S. Hailstone S. Hailstone Id. J. Wilkinson Herbarium. 219. Arenaria tenuifolia, 1 )ate. Collector. Linn. Sandy fields , Sfc., York, southward. Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, Siberia, W. Asia. Sp. Mildenhall, Suffolk 1800 Rev. J. Dalton Copgrove, Yorks. 1790 J J Chichester (Sussex) 1820 •> J Gog Magog Hills, Cambs. 1880 Prof. Henslow 220. Arenaria trinervia, Linn. Iledgebanks , moist places , fyc., Shetland, Channel Islands. Distrib. Europe (Arctic), Canaries, and W. Asia. Sp. Croft, Yorkshire 1809 ' Rev. J. Dalton Poppleton, York 188-3 H. J. Wilkinson Stittenham Woods, near Elaxton, Yorkshire 1843 H. Ibbotson Copgrove, Yorkshire 1790 Rev. J. Dalton In the Hedgebank in Horton lane above White’s House (near Bradford, Yorkshire) t- o 00 S. Hailstone 221. Arenaria serpyllifolia, Linn. Wall tops and dry banks, Orkneys, Channel Islands. Distrib. Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, and N. and W. Asia. Sp. Copgrove, Yorks. 1790 1 Rev. J. Dalton Poppleton, near York 1820 W. Middleton Poppleton, near York 1883 H. J. Wilkinson Thorparch, Yorkshire 1830 S. Hailstone Brafferton, ,, 1834 Rev. W. Gray 222. Arenaria norvegica, Gunn. Shetlands and Orkney. Distrib. Arctic and Alpine Europe, E. to Crete. Sp. Unst, Shetland. 1841 T.Edmondston,jr. Hey. J. Dalton i 5 J > Rev. J. Dalton Rev. J. Dalton H. J. Wilkinson H. J. Wilkinson Rev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone Rev. J. Dalton W. Middleton H. J. Wilkinson S. Hailstone H. J. Wilkinson S. Hailstone 32 Date. 223, Arenaria Fries1 Habitat. Trackways , hollows and hillocks on the Mountain Limestone between Ribblehead and Clapham, Yorkshire. Sp. Ribblehead Railway Station . . Febl 1,1890 Fontgreen ; Sulber Nick ; Selside . . 1 89 i -95 Collector. Miss F. P. Thompson Lister Rotherav 224. A ran are a peploides, Linn, Sandy andpebbly shores , Shetland, Channel Islands. Distrib. AY. Europe from the Arctic regions. Sp. Tunstall, Withernsea, E. Yorks. . . Redcar, N.E. Yorkshire Blackpool, Lancashire Sea-shore. Whitby, Yorkshire Coatham, N.E. Yorkshire 12 5. A re liars a sedoldes, Froel. Scotch Mountains. Distrib. Alps of' Central and S. Europe. ip. Ben Lawers, Perthshire Ben Lomond, Stirlingshire Ben Lawers, Perthshire Ben Lawers, ,, 1883 H J. Wilkinson 1806 Rev. J. Dalton 1801 S. Hailstone 1843 H. Ibbotson 1799 S. Hailstone 1809 Rev. J. Dalton 1809 Rev. J. Dalton 1810 W. Middleton 1850 H. Ibbotson 1 2®s Sagirta apetala, LSnrs. Dearlwort. Dry banks , Forfar and south¬ ward. Distrib. Europe, N. Africa. W. Asia. Sp. Isle of Man. . Copgrove, Yorkshire York 1841 1790 1820 S. Hailstone Rev. J. Dalton I W. Middleton 127. Sag’ll a procumhens,! Lmn* Waste places , $•£., Shetland, Channel Islands. Distrib Europe (Arctic), N. Africa. \ ip. Ripon and York . . . . . . * 1790 ) 1820 * Rev. J. Dalton Herbarium W. Whit well FLS H. J. Wilkinson Rev. J. Dalton S. Hailstone H. J. Wilkinson S. Hailstone Rev. J. Dalton Rev. J. Dalton W. Middleton H. J. Wilkinson S. Hailstone Rev. J. Dalton W. Middleton Rev. J. Dalton 33 228. Sagina Linrasei, Presl. Alps of Perth, Forfar, Sutherland. Distrih. Arctic and Alpine Europe. Date. Collector. Rocks, East side of Mael, Ghyrdy, Breadalbane Mts. Clova Mountains, Forfar Aberdeen July 1790 1830 1842 G. Don Dr. R. K. Greville Dr. Balfour 229. Sagsna sufoyiata, Presl. Heaths , dry pastures , Caithness, Channel Islands. Distrih. M. and W. Europe. Sp. Near London,