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Yorkshire philosophical Society.
ANNUAL REPORT
MCMI.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE COUNCIL
OF THE
YORKSHIRE
PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY
FOR
M C M I .
PRESENTED TO THE ANNUAL MEETING,
FEBRUARY iotit, 1902.
YORK :
COULTAS & VOLANS, PRINTERS, LITTLE STONE TATE.
1902.
TRUSTEES
OF
THE YORKSHIRE MUSEUM.
APPOINTED BY ROYAL GRANT.
TEMPEST ANDERSON, M.D.
GEORGE A. AUDEN, M.D.
LORD DERAMORE.
CHAS. E. ELMHIRST.
GEORGE S. GIBB, LL.B.
EDWIN GRAY, LL.M.
WILLIAM LAWTON.
T. S. NOBLE.
PATRONS
OF THE
)J)orb5bire philosophical Society
HIS MAJESTY T*4E KING.
HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN.
H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES.
H.R.H. THE PRINCESS OF WALES.
OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY, 1902.
PRESIDENT :
Sir Charles Strickland, F.G.S.
VICE-PRESIDENTS.
The Very Rev. the Dean of York.
John Francis Walker, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S., F.C.S., F.Z.S.,
late Fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge.
Tempest Anderson, M.D., B.Sc., &c., Fellow of University
College, London.
The Rev. W. C. He 7, M.A.
James Melrose, J.P.
George S. Gibb, LL.B.
Henry Cowling.
T. S. Noble.
Richard Thompson.
The Rev. W. Haworth, F.S.A.
HON. TREASURER:
Edwin Gray, LL.B.
COUNCIL.
Elected 1900 W. H. Brierley.
W. H. Cobb.
J. H. Cudwortpi.
H. Leetham.
Elected 1901 ... G. A. Auden, M.D.
The Rev. E. S. Carter, M.A.
T. R. Kitching.
The Rev. E. C. Owen, M.A.
Elected 1902 ... The Right Hon. the Lord Mayor.
Geo. Benson, A.R.I.B.A.
Hugh Richardson, M.A.
The Rev. J. Solloway, M.A.
HON. SECRETARIES:
Tempest Anderson, M.D.
Chas. E. Elmhirst.
CURATORS :
Archeology - -
Geology .
Mineralogy - - - -
Comparative Anatomy -
Ornithology - - - -
f T. Boynton, F.S.A.
1 The Rev. W. Haworth, F.S.A.
- J. F. Walker, M.A., F.G.S.
- W. H. Hudleston, M.A.,
F.R.S.
- T. Anderson, M.D., B.Sc.
- J. Backhouse, F.Z.S.,
M.B.O.U.
Botany . H. J. Wilkinson.
Observatory . T. S. Noble.
Meteorology . The Rev. W. Johnson, B.A.,
B.Sc.
Laboratory . J. F. Walker, M.A., F.I.C.,
F.C.S., London and Berlin.
GARDEN COMMITTEE :
Bowden Cattley,
J. Melrose, J.P.
Sir C. A. Milward.
The Secretaries (ex-officio.)
LECTURE COMMITTEE :
The Rev. E. S. Carter.
G. S. Gibb, LL.B.
R. Thompson.
The Secretaries (ex-officio.)
KEEPER OF THE MUSEUM:
Henry Maurice Platnauer, A.R.S.M., B.Sc.
REPORT OF THE COUNCIL
OF THE
YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
February ioth, 1902.
The Council has, with deep regret, to record the death of
its patron during the past year. A special vote of condolence
on the death of our Royal Patroness, Queen Victoria, and of
sympathy with King Edward VII., was passed at the Annual
Meeting and graciously acknowledged. Queen Victoria had
occupied this position since 1835. T 'he Society was fortunate
in securing a continuance of the Patronage of both His
Most Gracious Majesty the King, and Queen Alexandra,
who as Prince and Princess of Wales became Patrons in
1866. The letters expressing their willingness to continue
this favour have been duly entered on the Society’s minutes
as a record of the facts.
In summarizing the doings of the past year, the Council is
fortunate in being able to report steady progress. The item
that chiefly calls for special comment is the continued
excavation in the Choir of S. Mary’s Abbey Church. This
work has been steadily pushed forward and the portions of
the wall exposed have been put into a condition to withstand
weather, but no attempt at “ restoration ” has been made. A
review of the results of the work will be found in the
latter part of this report.
One of the most interesting events in the city’s history was
the discovery in Bootham of a Roman coffin containing
indisputable proof of the local acceptance of Christianity
during the early Roman occupation of York. The coffin
contained a bone tablet inscribed as follows :
“ Soror ave in Deo vivas.”
(Farewell, Sister! live in God!)
REPORT OF THE COUNCIL FOR igOI.
7
We would emphasize the thanks of the Society already
tendered to Mr. E. Taylor for the presentation of this most
interesting relic, a further description of which will be found
in the Report of the Hon. Curator of Archaeology.
Inscriptions have been prepared during the past year, by
your Council, to be placed on the four principal Bars of the
City. These have been adopted by the City Council and that
on Bootham Bar is already affixed. They are designed to
call attention to a few of the chief historic events which
are associated with each Bar.
The Society has again been fortunate in having an admirable
series of papers and lectures. At the monthly meetings the
following subjects were treated : —
“ Cave Exploration in Yorkshire.” By W. Cuttriss.
“The Evil Eye.” By H. M. Platnauer.
“Variation.” By W. Hewett.
“William Etty.” By Miss Moore.
“ Nature through the Microscope.” By Rev. T. A. Erode.
“ A recently found Roman Coffin.” By H. M. Platnauer.
“ Literary Frauds and Forgeries.” By G. Cecil Fry.
The lectures delivered on Thursday evenings were as
follows : — ■
Thursday, January 3rd. — “ South African Experiences ”
(Illustrated by Lantern Photographs, and objects col¬
lected during the siege of Ladysmith). By the Rev. J.
Tuckey, Chaplain to the Forces.
Thursday, January 17th. — “ The Dales and Coast of York¬
shire ” (With Lantern Illustrations). By Godfrey
Bingley, President ol the Leeds Geological Associa¬
tion.
Thursday, January 31st. — “ Britain in its Desert condition”
(With Lantern Illustrations). By J. G. Goodchild,
F.G.S., of the Edinburgh Museum.
Thursday, February 14th. — “ Arolla and the Boquetins ”
(With Lantern Illustrations). By the Rev. L. S. Calvert,
Member of the Alpine Club.
Wednesday, February 20th, extra lecture. — “ Wordsworth's
Country ” (With Lantern Illustrations). By Percy
Lund, Editor of the Practical Photographer.
8
REPORT OF THE
Thursday, February 28th. — “ Research and Discovery in the
Holy Land ” (With Lantern Illustrations). By the
Rev. Thos. Harrison, M.A.
Thursday, March 14th. — “ The Far West” (With Lantern
Illustrations). By Tempest Anderson, M.D.
Thursday, March 28th. — “ More Lost and Disappearing
Animals” (With Lantern Illustrations). By Chas. E.
Elmhirst.
Thursday, October 10th. — Reading from Shakespeare,
“ Merchant of Venice.” By the Rev. Canon Fleming.
Thursday, October 24th. — “ Southern Norway (Lakeland) ”
(Illustrated by Lantern Pictures). By Paul Lange,
Ex-President of the Liverpool Photographic Society.
Thursday, November 7th. — “From the Mine to the finished
War Ship” (With Lantern Illustrations). By J. W. C.
Haldane, M.I.Mech.E., Civil and Mechanical Consulting
Engineer.
Thursday, November 21st. — “ The Homeric Woman.” By
Thomas Marshall, M.A.
Thursday, December 5th. — “ Tannhauser ” (With Illustra¬
tions). By the Rev. R. O. Hutchinson, M.A.
Thursday, December 19th. — “ From Quetta to London,
Overland ” (With Lantern Illustrations). By Edward
Penton, B.A., F.R.G.S.
It must be remembered that all the above papers and lectures
were given by volunteers. The Council owes a considerable
debt of gratitude to those whose kind and efficient aid has
provided our members with a thoroughly attractive programme
at no further cost to the Society than a small amount for
necessary expenses.
The reports of the Honorary Curators which follow will
sufficiently amplify this general report.
Mention should also be made of a Garden Party given by
the Council to the Members of the Society. This function was
well attended and gave considerable satisfaction. Bands
played in the gardens on several occasions and appeared to be
appreciated by the Members.
COUNCIL FOR IQOl.
9
Turning to the financial condition of the Society, the Report
is not so satisfactory. We are faced by the unpleasant fact
that our expenditure has exceeded our income by nearly £50.
There is a simple and perfectly satisfactory explanation of this
fact, but the statement is one that a managing body cannot make
with cheerfulness. A brief examination of our financial state¬
ment, however, will shew that there is absolutely no cause for any
uneasiness. The income for 1900 was £1353 18s. 3d., that
for last year, £1248 5s. od. But it must be remembered that
the income for 1900 included £100 from the Bulmer bequest
and a donation of £20 from the Rev. W. Haworth, while the
past year’s income contains no item that is not of ordinary
occurrence. Comparing these ordinary items, we find that
on these our income for the past year shews an increase
of nearly £15 on that of the year before. The gate money
shows a substantial increase and the tent has proved a useful
source of revenue. But it is disappointing to note that
the members’ subscriptions are £20 less than in 1900. This
is not due to diminution in our numbers ; the Society has an
accession of 52 to place against a loss of 48 ; it is owing to a
curious and inexplicable disinclination on the part of some of
our members to pay at the proper time. The Council desires
to take this opportunity of pointing out the extreme incon¬
venience that arises from this irregularity, and begs of all
members to assist in simplifying matters by punctual payment
of subscriptions — which are payable in advance on January 1st
of each year.
While our financial statement shews no extraordinary item
of income, it does shew an unusual item of expenditure, and
one that fully accounts for our deficit, viz. : the excavations in
the Abbey Church referred to before. The amount expended
on this amounts to over £75, and it will be at once seen
that had not the Council actively pushed this important and
interesting work, instead of an adverse balance of £50 we
should have had a surplus of £25. Valuable as is the work of
excavation, it becomes a question whether the Council should
prosecute it without an appeal for external assistance to
supplement the sorely strained resources of the Society. We
are still faced by several urgent needs, the most important of
10
REPORT OF THE
which are the diminution or extinction of our debt (towards
which we are paying £200 a year) ; increased space for storage
of specimens ; and a larger and better constructed Lecture
Theatre.
The Society continues to afford help to local associations for
the advancement of knowledge by allowing them the use of
its premises free of charge. This help is fully appreciated.
The York Medical Society, the York Branch of the University
Extension, the York Branch of the National Association for
the Prevention of Consumption, and the York and District
Field Naturalists are among the Societies which we have
thus been able to help.
The permission granted to the Managers and Teachers of
Elementary Schools in the City to bring classes into the
Museum for purposes of study has been continued, and
various schools have availed themselves of it during the
course of the year.
At the last Annual Meeting the Council obtained the consent
of the Society to a plan that had been in operation for a few
months : that of having Student Associates connected with the
Museum. By this scheme any one who can shew that he is
engaged in original research in subjects illustrated by our collect¬
ions, can obtain from the Hon. Secretaries a ticket entitling him
to access to the Museum and Library, during such times as they
are open, for six months ; and this ticket may be renewed for
further periods of six months at discretion. It is of course
understood that only those who are not in a position to join
the Society as Members or Associates should avail themselves
of this scheme. The Council is earnestly desirous that no
genuine worker should be debarred from making use of the
rich store of material gathered together in our Museum, due
regard being always paid to the privileges of those whose help
has rendered possible the collection and conservation of these
treasures.
The Council recommends the election of the Rt. Hon. the Lord
Mayor, Mr. Geo. Benson, Mr. H. Richardson, and the Rev.
J. Solloway, as Members of Council in place of the Rev. W.
Johnson, Mr. Arthur Rowntree, Mr. H. Venn Scott, and Mr.
H. C. Shann, who retire by rotation.
COUNCIL FOR igoi.
1 1
The Rt. Rev. the Bishop of Ripon, Principal Bodington,
M.A., Lit.D., Professor G. B. Howes, LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S.,
and Professor Silvanus P. Thompson, U.Sc., F.R.S., were
elected Honorary Members of the Society.
- - -
Archaeology. — The year under review has been an interest¬
ing one from an archaeological point of view. The excavations
in the Choir of the Abbey Church have been pushed forward
with excellent and most encouraging results. A detailed
summary of the results will be found in the latter part of
this report.
A stone coffin found in Sycamore Terrace, and presented to
the Society by Mr. Edwin Taylor, proved to be a discovery of
exceptional interest, as the interment was evidently a Christian
one. The extreme rarity of Christian memorials of the earlier
half of the Roman occupation makes this find a most valuable
one. The general style of the coffin, and of the articles buried
in it, is that of the third century of this era. Some further
details will he given later.
Some extensive alterations in the Theatre Royal caused the
exposure, — and we are sorry to add, the removal — of the
remains of the crypt of St. Peter’s Hospital. We hope that
the barbarity of those who permitted the destruction of this
interesting relic of Norman work will not escape public notice
and censure.
The Society has also acquired (by purchase) an interesting
series of Roman vessels found about the beginning of the
last century on the Mount. They were associated with an
inscribed coffin which contained the remains of Theodorianus
of Nomentum. The coffin and skull found in it have been for
many years in the possession of the Society ; it is therefore
gratifying to record that we now have the rest of the objects
then found.
The Curators wish to remark that while the Society is
willing, when absolutely necessary, to purchase at a reasonable
cost, antiquities found in York and its neighbourhood, the
possessors of these should bear in mind that the primary object
of the Society, in providing a home for such antiquities as may
12
REPORT OF THE
be of general interest to the public, is purely of a philanthropic
and educational nature. They would therefore urge upon all
who possess objects of the above nature to shew their generosity
and public spirit by presenting them to this Society, which
deserves, from its record in the past, a somewhat different
treatment to that accorded to a private collector. They would
also remind all who have a genuine interest in Archaeology, that
objects in our collections have two advantages that no private
collector can ensure, — a permanent home and general access¬
ibility.
An attempt is now being made, with the valuable co-operation
of Mr. J. F. Walker, to improve our very imperfect collection
of Victorian silver. The Curators will be grateful to any
members of the Society, or others, who will hand over to
them — either as gifts or at face value — any coins of the earlier
years of this period which may come into their possession in
good condition.
Comparative Anatomy. — The Collections in this Depart¬
ment are in good order. The chief need, if this Department is
to grow, is more space, both for storage and for exhibition.
Until the latter is obtained it is impossible to make any
addition to specimens on view, an unfortunate state of affairs
as it means the total exclusion of mounted specimens, which
always add to the interest and utility of collections such as ours.
Geology. — The Honorary Curator reports that during the
past year donations have been received from Herr Dr. Pfarrer
Engel, Mr. M. B. Cotsworth, and Mr. Hugh Richardson.
The Society’s Museum now contains a fine typical series of
Musckelkalk fossils. Specimens have been lent for description
to Mr. A. C. Seward, M.A., F.G.S. ; the Rev. J. F. Blake,
M.A., F.G.S. ; and Mr. H. Woods, M.A., F.G.s/
Botany. — The work done in this Department during the
year 1901 will be found recorded on pp. 65 — 78.
A list of the interesting additions to the Herbarium will be
found on page 32.
Mineralogy. — The additions to this Department consist of
specimens of Yttro-Gummite, Columbite, Samarskite, Howlite,
Wukite, Thorite, Colemanite, Pandermanite, and Natro-Boro-
calcite, generously given us by Mr. U. B Giles in exchange for
a small piece of Yorkshire Celestine.
COUNCIL FOR IQOI.
13
Ornithology. — Examples of the following birds have been
cased and added to the collection : Coot, Common Gull, Little
Grebe, Shag, Golden Eye, Crane, White-tailed Eagle, Kestrel,
Garden Warbler, Black Tern, Goldfinch, Spotted Flycatcher,
Reed Bunting, Wheatear, Rook, Linnet, Greenfinch, Woodcock,
Corn Bunting, and Levantine Shearwater (Puffinus Yelkonan).
The latter is a specially interesting addition, it may he best
referred to in the words of the following quotation : “ Through¬
out the Mediterranean and in the Black Sea, Puffinus anglorum
is represented by P. Yelkonan of Acerbi (the ‘ ame damnee ’ of
the Bosphorus) which is characterized by a larger amount of
brown striation on the under tail-coverts and exhibits a more
dusky tint on the upper parts.”
Library. — The number of books added to the Library shews
an increase on that of last year, indeed each year shews an
advance in this respect on the one preceding it. The space
difficulty will again confront us at no distant date. The shelves
set apart for a ten year’s expansion (calculated on the basis of
additions in the past) are already overflowing in the case of the
publications of the United States’ Government, and in several
other instances are not far from being filled.
There are several gaps in our series of Annual Reports.
Members who have copies of the Annual Report for any of the
following years 1—1823, ’24, ’25, ’26, ’31, ’43, ’56, ’58, ’70, ’82,
would confer a favour by handing them back to the Librarian.
Meteorology. — Statistics of Station: Longitude i° 5' W. ;
Latitude 530 57' N.; height above mean sea level, 56 feet.
Temperature during 1901 has had a smaller range by 6°, the
mean annual temperature rising by *i° F., 487 as against
48'6. The lowest temperature was recorded on March 26th,
when the absolute minimum thermometer read 19*0 F., and
the highest reading was observed on July 18th and 19th, and
August 10th, when a reading of 88*o° F. was taken. February
and June were colder than the average, and an intensely cold
period occurred during the anticyclone in November, in which
month the actual reading was 6° less than in 1900.
A Mean Pressure of 29735 inches has been recorded as
against 29 885 inches for 1900, March and December being-
lowest with 29764, 29*555 inches respectively, and May and
November highest with 30*120 inches.
H
REPORT OF THE COUNCIL FOR igOT.
The extreme range of pressure is 1*954 inches as against
2*236 inches in 1900, the highest reading being 30*643 inches
on November 24th, the lowest, 28*689 on Christmas Day,
accompanying the disagreeable cyclone.
Rain ov Snow (0*005 inches or over) fell on 197 days or 23
above the average, yet the total fall for the year is 5*42 inches
below that of 1900. The heaviest fall of rain occurred on
November 12th, when 1*60 inches fell, more by *29 inches
than on any day of 1900. Up to the end of October, the rain¬
fall was abnormally small, but November and December
together added 6*8 inches, or about 33% of the year’s fall.
September and July proved to be our driest months, and
August, for once, gave little rain. December took the first
place with 3*46 inches.
The cumulative totals since 1841 are now : — August 164*35
inches, October 162*89 inches, July 154*69 inches. Observations
of the winds show that our chief air-currents come from
W. (151), S. (148), N. ( 1 14) , N.W. (78), S.W. (70).
It is impossible to show in the Report the interesting changes
of barometric pressure, but the records of the barograph, in
the Hall of the Museum, may be inspected.
Photographic Section. — This section has continued in a
state of healthy activity during the past year. The attendance
of Members at the Monthly Meetings has averaged rather more
than 10, or more than one third of the number of Members,
while there has been an average of about 2 Visitors to each
Meeting. In the Autumn half of last year a greater interest
has been aroused in the Meetings owing to the establishment
of occasional competitions, each being confined to a special
line of work. Also a Special Committee has been appointed
to get together a Collection of Lantern Slides by Workers in
the section, and chiefly illustrative of York and neighbourhood,
to be presented, when complete, to the Affiliated Photographic
Societies, of which the Section forms a unit. They will then
circulate among other Photographic Societies, from whom
criticism is invited. Any Members, Associates, or Lady
Subscribers, or Members of the Families of the former, may
join the Photographic Section by paying a Subscription of only
2/6 per annum, to the Hon. Secretary and Treasurer :
H. Dennis Taylor,
Stancliffe, Mount Villas,
while others interested in Photography but not connected with
the Y.P.S., may join the Section and attend their Meetings by
paying an Annual Subscription of 5/- per annum.
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20
OUSE FLOODS FROM RETURNS TO THE CITY SURVEYOR.
COMPARATIVE TABLE, 1901.
Date.
Xidd at Pateley
Bridge.
Ure at Middle-
ham Bridge.
Swale at
Richmond.
Hour.
Height
Hour.
Hei
glit
Hour.
Hei
glit
Jan.
27
ft. iu.
ft.
iu.
7-30 a m.
ft.
3
in.
G
Feb.
25
10 a.m.
3
0
Mar.
f)
1 p.m.
10
0
1 0-30a.m
4
G
55
G
2 p.m.
4
0
55
30
4 p.m.
o
O
0
April
o
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1 p.m.
rr
7
0
10 a.m.
o
O
0
55
8
7 a.m.
5
0
July
28
4 p.m.
3
10
Aug.
8
1 1 a.m.
2
0
Oct.
4
10 a.m.
9
1
Nov.
12
4 p.m.
10
0
2-30 p.m.
4
0
55
13
7 a.m.
9
10
5 a.m.
G
0
* 5
IS
1 p.m.
3
2
55
19
4-30 p.m.
6
0
55
20
7 a m.
9
0
7-50 a.m.
3
0
55
21
55
G
0
55
22
55
Q
O
0
Dec.
8
9 a.m.
8
6
8 a.m.
4
0 1
55
24
4 p.m.
3
0
51
29
55
4
0
5 5
30
9 p.m.
6 0
4 p.m.
rr
7
0
6-30 p.m.
r
0
55
31
10 a.m.
4 0
7 a.m.
8
0
7-30 a.m.
4
o :
YORK— THE MUSEUM. YORK (BOOTHAM) — SUNSHINE VALUES.
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THE TREASURER IN ACCOUNT WITH THE YORKSHIRE
rcvious
Year.
834
2
120
Nil.
0
t
2
212
26
S)t\ INCOME.
£
s.
d.
Subscriptions :
Town Members
640
0
0
Country Members
13
0
0
Lady Subscribers
66
10
0
Associates
8
0
0
Arrears received
22
5
0
Keys of Gates ...
66
16
0
Donation :
York University Extension Society
• . .
Dents :
Major Allenby, St. Mary’s Lodge ...
65
0
0
Mr. Hill, Mary gate Baths ...
40
0
0
York Amateur Rowing Club
York and District Field Naturalist’s Society, less
£2
5
0
0
paid to Attendant...
1
0
0
York Waterworks Co., for Shed ...
5
0
0
Do. for Light ...
0
1
0
Corporation of Y ork ...
9
0
0
Yorkshire School for the Blind
0
1
0
National Telephone Co. (2 years) ...
9
0
0
Hire of Tent and Tables
25
10
9
Less : Expenses of carriage, fixing, repairs, and like
4
6
10
Whitsuntide Admission Fees ...
13
11
9
Less: Attendants, Police, and Fencing ...
5
8
6
£
816
120
21
S
s. d.
11 0
2 0
2 0
3 11
3 3
Meteorological Department :
Grant from Corporation of York ... ... ... ... 10 0 0
Sale of Catalogues ... ... ... ... ... ... 660
Sale of Photographs ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 9 6
Sale of Cabinet ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0 15 0
Bank Interest ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 856
Gate Money ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 226 5 6
Interest on .£918 8s. 9d. India 3 % Stock, less Income Tax 26 1 4
1353
Excess of Expenditure over Income...
1248 5 0
49 2 9
£1297 7 9
365 Balance in hands of the Treasurer, 31st December, 1901 316 S 7
£316 8 7
Examined and found correct,
PHILIP NEWMAN.
EDWIN GRAY", Honorary Treasurer .
Previous
Year.
1
19
37
7
523
197
38
12
27
Fount. "28
3
7
43
6
16
8
61
26
9
17
1
7
1
1132
PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY
for Year ending 31st DEC., 1901.
EXPENDITURE.
£ s. d.
Crown Rent ...
Corporation Rent
Rates and Taxes :
Property Tax and City Rates ...
Waterworks Company’s Rates ...
Gardener’s Licenses
Receipt and Cheque Rooks Stamping...
Insurance
Salaries and Wages :
Mr. Platnauer
Mr. Fielden
Miss Baines
Mr. Guy
Attendants at Museum and Hospitium, viz. :
Attendant at Museum ... ... ... ... 72 16 0
Female Attendant at Museum.. . .. ... 31 16 0
Female Attendant at Hospitium ... ... 32 10 0
Gardeners, including temporary labour and
extra duty at gates ... ... ... ...117 II 0
* Yorkshire Insurance Company, Annuity
General Repairs and Expenses :
Museum and Hospitium — Small Additions
and Expenses ... ... ... ... ... 20 13 7
Plumbers, Smiths, and like work ... ... 9 14 3
Joiners’, Cabinet Makers’, & Builders’ Work 6 11 3
Painters’ and Decorators’ Work ... ... 13 9 0
Estate : General Repairs ...
Gardens :
General Additions, Repairs, and Expenses ...
Music in Gardens ...
Library, Books and Binding
Lectures
Printing and Stationery
Printing Reports and Postage thereof ...
Printing Communications to Members, and
Postage of same ...
Teas at Monthly Meetings
Gas, Coal, and Coke :
Museum
Gardens
E state ... ... ... ... ... ...
Ornithological Department
Antiquarian Department :
Purchases, carriage and like
Excavations of Abbey Foundations ...
Meteorological Department
Catalogues
Preparing Photographs for Sale ...
Sundry Postages
Sundries, including Carriage of Parcels
Balance in hands of the Treasurer, 31st December, 1900
Excess of Expenditure over Income, 1901 .
Cr.
£ s. d. £ s. d.
10 0
19 11 3
39 14 10
5 14 8
2 5 0
1 13 2
- 49 7 8
7 5 0
150 0 0
60 0 0
41 12 0
30 0 0
254 16 0
- 536 8 0
196 16 7
50
8
1
14
7
0
17
10
11
82
6
0
11
10
4
28
19
1
50
6
5
5
4
3
24
14
3
11
4
9
12
8
11
28
18
11
18
4
10
21
6
10
68
10
7
38
3
8
33
8
3
75
17
3
109
5
6
21
0
6
11
13
4
1
7
8
8
3
4
2
0
8
£1
.297
7
9
365
11
4
• •
•
• •
49
2
9
£316
8
i
* Annuity of £201 8s. Ocl. payable until October, 1914, inclusive, created to repay an advance of
£3500 made by the Yorkshire Insurance Co.
Principal repaid . 1554 1 2
„ outstanding' ... ... 1945 18 10
£3500 0 0
24
NEW MEMBERS, 1901.
Anderson, Chas., 44, Queen Anne's Road .
Bagenal, P. H., The Elms, Hidl Road.
Barker, J. W., 6, Queen Anne's Road.
Barstow, H. C., Hazelbush.
Brook, Stanley, Ladbvoke House, Scavcroft Road.
Calthorp, Gordon, M.D., St. Saviourgate.
Close, Major C. F., Club Chambers.
Craven, Joseph, Heworth Croft.
Davies, S. H., M.Sc., F.G.S., 5, Vyner Terrace.
Fairweather, Walter, Davy gate.
Gibbs, John E., 76, Heslington Road.
Gray, Thos., 42, Queen Anne's Road.
Hill, Mrs., Eastbourne House, Huntington Road.
Jackson, J. A., Carton Lea , Nunthorpe Avenue.
Pitching, T. R., Heworth .
Lawson, Richard, Ousecliffe.
Meyer, Philip R., 13, Grosvenor Terrace.
Morrow, Mrs. A. D., The Cave, Fidford.
Newman, Philip L., St. Paul's Square.
Pearson, Paul, Mary gate.
Sayner, F. Tilney, Dalen House, Burton Lane.
Smith, H. Lane, Lcndal.
Solloway, Rev. J., Holy Trinity Rectory, Micklegate.
Swales, John T., 19, Goodramgate.
Syl ves, George, 17, Bootham Crescent.
Thorp, Mrs., St. James' Terrace.
Vaughan, F. H., Parliament Street.
Yolans, W. G. B., 4, Buncombe Place.
Webster, Geo., 5, Portland Street.
Whittaker, W. G., Castlegate.
Wilcock, J. W. B., A comb Road.
Wiseman, O. E., 49, St Olave's Road.
W orsdell, Ronald, 63, Micklegate.
Wyatt, Sydney L., Club Chambers.
25
NEW LADY SUBSCRIBERS.
Brown, Mrs., River View, Mary gate.
Clack, Miss Edith J., 4 7, Mary gate.
Cross, Miss, Burton Lane.
Dickinson, Miss, Burton House, Clifton.
Ewbank, Miss Elizth., 7, Hull Road Terrace.
Heslegrave, Mrs., The Dispensary.
Hewitt, Mrs., 43, Gillygate.
Holmes, Miss Sarah, 2, Newton Terrace.
Hopkinson, Miss, 14, St. Mary's.
Kinneavey, Mrs. F. D., 2, Hctherton Street.
Kock, Mrs., 14, Penley's Grove Street.
Munby, Mrs., Old Rectory House.
Ridgway, Mrs., St Peter s Grove.
Sampson, Miss, 36, Holgate Crescent.
NEW ASSOCIATES.
Bruff, Harold, 59, Holgate Hill.
H aines, Dr. Wheeler, North Riding Asylum.
Linn, John, 51, Scar croft Hill.
Place, Tom, 8, Marlhro ’ Grove.
26
DONATIONS TO MUSEUM AND
LIBRARY.
LIBRARY.
Books Presented.
The Quarterly Journal of the Geological I The Society
Society of London, Vol. lvii 1901. j
The Report of the British Association )
for the Advancement of Science, r 1 he Association.
Bradford, 1900. '
Transactions of the Zoological Society \
of London, Vol. xv., Parts 6, 7 ; Vol. - ^ppe society
xvi., Parts 1 & 3, and Proceedings,
Part 4, 1900, and Vol. ii., Part 1. J
Reports of the United States Geological
Survey, 20th Report, Parts 2, 3, 4, 5,
7 ; 2 1st Report, 1 & 6, & 6 continued.
Maps and Preliminary Report on the
Cape Home Gold Region of Alaska.
, The Survey.
Hand-List of Birds, Vol. ii. ; The
Jurassic Flora of Yorkshire, Part 1 ;
Catalogue of Welwitschs’ African
Plants, Vol. ii., Parts 2, 4.
The Trustees of the
British Museum.
17th Annual Report, Parts 1 & 2, and
18th Report, Part 1, of the Bureau
of American Ethnology, and Annual
Reports of the Smithsonian Institu¬
tion for 1898 and 1899.
'The Institution.
y
27
Memoirs of the Geologieal Survey of \
India, “Palseontologia Indica,” Series
9, Vol. iii., Part i. ; New Series, Vol.
i., Part 3 ; Memoirs, Vol. xxx., Parts l
2, 3, 4 ; Vol. xxxi., Parts i, 2, 3;
Vol. xxxii., Parts 1, 2 ; Vol. xxxiii.,
Parts 1, 2; Vol. xxxiv., Part 1, and
General Report, igoo-i.
Memoirs and Proceedings of the Man- |
Chester Literary and Philosophical
Society, xlv., Parts 1, 2, 3, 4, Vol.
xlvi., Part 1. /
The Journal of the Chemical Society \
of London, July, 1898, Sept., Oct.,
Nov., Dec., and Supplementary No., ,
1899; Proceedings, Nos. 213 — 216. I
The Journal of the Manchester Geo- N
graphical Society, Vol. xvi., Nos. 7 to
12; Vol. xvii., Nos. 1 to 6, and Sup- i
plement, Vol. xiv., Nos. 9 to 12. )
Memoirs of the Russian Geological \
Society, Vol. xiii., No. 3 ; Vol. xviii., '
Nos. 1 & 2; Bulletins, Vol. xix.,
Nos. 1 to 10; Vol. xx., Nos. 1 to 6. >
Proceedings of the Imperial Mineralo-
gical Society of Russia, for 1900 and f
1901. )
Memoirs of the Naturalists’ Society of 1
Kiew, Vol. xvi., No. 2. )
The Proceedings of the Geologists’ )
Association, Vol. xvii., Parts 4 & 5. j
An Account of the Crustacea of Norway, )
Vol. iv., Parts 1 & 2, by Prof. G. O. -
Sars. J
Bulletin of the American Geographical j
Society, Vol. xxxii., No. 5 ; Vol. xxxiii.,
Nos. 1 to 4. j
The Indian Survey.
The Society.
The Society.
The Society.
The Society.
The Society.
The Society.
The Association.
The Author.
The Society.
28
Transactions of the Leicester Literary j
and Philosophical Society, Vol v., [ I he Society.
Parts io to 12. J
Transactions of the Edinburgh Geo¬
logical Society, Vol. viii ., Part i.
1
The Society.
Transactions of the Burton-on-Trent j
Natural History and Archaeological - The Society.
Society, Vol. iv., Part 2. J
Proceedings of the Bath Antiquarian
Field Club and Natural History
Society, Vol. ix., No. 4.
1
- The Society.
j
Memoirs of the New York Academy of j
Sciences, Vol. ii., Parts 2 & 3, and r ^ie Academy.
Annals, Vol. xiii., Parts 1, 2, 3. )
12th Report of the Missouri Botanic
Garden.
The Council.
Photographs of Stars, Star Clusters,
& Nebulae, Vol. ii., by Isaac Roberts,
D.Sc., F.R.S.
. The Author.
Geological Survey of Canada; Catalogue \
of the Marine Invertebrata of Eastern J. The Survey.
Canada, by J. F. Whiteaves, LL.D. j
Donovan’s British Insects, Vol. i. to x. \
British Shells, Vols. i. to v. ; British j
Birds, Vols. iv. & v., and British
Fishes, Vol. i. >
Mr. J. Melrose.
Geological Survey of New South Wales;
The Mineral Resources, by E. F.
Pittman; The Iron Ore Deposits, by '-New South Wales
J. B. Jaquet; and Report of the j Sune}.
Australian Museum. /
Riallaro, the Archipelago of Exiles, by | ^ Author
Godfrey Sweven. I
The Roman Stones in the Hunterian
Museum, by James Macdonald, M.A.,
LL.D.
University
of Glasgow.
29
Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy 'I
of Sciences, Arts, & Letters, Vol. xii., -
Part 2; Vol. xiii., Part 1.
Mitteilungen des Vereins fur Erdkunde )
z u Leipzic, for 1900, and Atlas. j
30th Annual Report of the Board of \
Trustees of the Ohio State University, Y
1900, Parts 1 & 2. )
Bulletin of the Geological Institute of )
Mexico, No. 14, 1900. j
Bulletin of the University of Kansas, j
Vol. ix., Nos. 3 & 4; Vol. x., No. 1, -
and Vol. xi., No. 6. )
Transactions of the 32nd and 33rd '
Annual Meetings of the Kansas -
Academy of Science, Vol. xvii.
Transactions of the Academy of Science '
of St. Louis, Vol. x., Nos. 9, 10, 11 ; .
Vol. xi., Nos. 1 to 5.
Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden )
Gesellschaft in Basel, Vol. xiii. & xiv. j
The Proceedings and Transactions of \
the Nova Scotian Institute of Science, -
Vol. x., Part 2. j
Transactions and Proceedings of the
Perthshire Society of Natural Science, -
Vol. iii., Part 3.
Proceedings of the Rochester Academy ]
of Science, Vol. iv. j
Bulletin of the Geological Institution
of the University of Upsala, Vol. v., -
Part 1, No. 9.
Bergen Museums Aarbog, for 1901.
49th Annual Report & Transactions of ]
the Nottingham Naturalists’ Society, j-
1900-1. J
The Academy.
The Society.
The Trustees.
The Institute.
The University.
The Academy.
The Academy.
The Society.
The Institute.
The Society.
The Academy.
The Institution.
The Council.
The Society.
30
ioth Annual Directory of the Scientific
Alliance of New York, igoi.
} The Committee.
]
Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists’
Society, Vol. ix., Part 2, 1899.
)
i
The Society.
Report and Proceedings of the Belfast j
Natural History and Philosophical [ The Society.
Society, 1899-00. j
Bulletin of the Lloyd Library, No. 2,
1901.
)
r The Librarian.
University of Toronto Studies, 3 Parts.
Annals of the Queensland Museum,
No. 5.
The University.
)
J
The Council.
Manchester Museum Handbooks; Cor¬
relation Tables of British Strata, by
B. Hobson, M.Sc.
- The Council.
)
Meeresfauna von
Appellof.
Bergen, by Dr, A. )
Bergen Museum.
Annals of the National Museum of \
Montevideo, Vol. ii ., No. 17; Vol. iii ., I grpe Council.
N o. 2 1 .
Meteorological Observations at Stations '
of the 2nd Order, for 1897 & 98 ; Charts
illustrating the weather of the North
Atlantic Ocean in the winter of 189S
and 1S99, and weekly Weather Re¬
ports for 1891.
-The Meteorological
Society.
Bulletin of the National Astronomical
Observatory of Tacubaya, Vol. ii.,
No. 6.
" The Council.
67th Annual Report of the Bootham
School Natural History Society.
The Society.
Publications of the West Hendon House
Observatory, Sunderland, by T. W.
Backhouse, F.R.A.S,
Mr. J. Backhouse,
F.Z.S.
3*
GEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT.
A series of Fossils from the Muschell-
kalk of Germany, and Oolitic Rock
specimens.
'
■ Dr. Engel.
A small series of Limestone Fossils
from the Island of Gothland.
Ten specimen Tubes of Desert and
other Sand.
1
1
1
Mr. E. Stanhope.
Mr. M. B.Cotsworth.
A small series of Fossils.
Mr. W. B. Giles.
Rock specimens of Trias formation from )
the Railway Cutting near Selby. j
Mr. H. Richardson.
ANTIQUITIES.
A Roman Stone Coffin and Contents
found in Sycamore Terrace.
Mr. E. Taylor.
A Norman Column from the Hospital
of St. Peter, under the Theatre.
) Messrs.
j Parker & Sharp.
A series of Weapons from S. America.
Ornamented Spindle Whorl, dug up in
Coney Street, & specimens of Native
work from the West Indies.
A Roman Tazzia.
Two rude Stone Axes.
Mr. Frank Green.
Mr. Frank Rowntree.
Mrs. Williamson.
Mr. S. Brown.
ZOOLOGY & COMPARATIVE ANATOMY.
A Sparrow Hawk from near York.
A Female Shag.
Mr. Laze n by.
Mr. J. Backhouse.
A Pike mounted in case, caught at
Hornsea Mere, Feb. 1898, weight
i8|- lbs.
A series of Shells from Palestine.
- Mr. Schroeder.
Mr. M. B. Cotsworth.
A series of Shells from the West Indies. Mr. Frank Rowntree.
MINERALOGY.
A small series of Minerals from Palestine Mr. M. B. Cotsworth,
32
BOTANY.
Specimens of British Rubi, from V.C.
12, N. Hants, collected in 1900.
Rubus affinis, var. briggsianus. Rogers.
,, Lejeunei, var. ericetorum. Lefv.
„ ru cl is. Wh. & N.
,, leucandrus. Focke.
,, thyrsoideus. Wimm.
,, Bloxamii. Lees.
,, acutifrons. A. Ley.
,, pallidus. Wh. & N.
,, pubescens, var. subinermis. Rogers.
,, Koehleri. Wh. & N.
,, Marshalli. Focke & Rogers.
,, ochrodermis. A. Ley.
Specimens of Lilium pyrenaicum,Gouan,
from South Molton, Devonshire.
Specimens of Teucrium Scordium, Linn,
from near Ely, Cambridgeshire.
Specimens of Polished Wood from
Ceylon.
Rev. W. L. W. Eyre.
I Mr. F. H. Weekes.
j- Mr. Arthur Bennett.
| Mrs. S. Stanhope.
PRELIMINARY CATALOGUE
OF THE
IN THE POSSESSION OF THE
YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY,
BY THE
Hon. Curator, JAMES BACKHOUSE, F.L.S.,
M.B.O.U., F.Z.S., &<
PART III.
Order, PASSERES, Sub-Order, OSCINES,
Section, O seines Dentirostres.
Family, Motacillidae, Genus, Motacilla.
Specimens mounted or Skins.
Order ACCIPITRES.
Sub-Order STRIGES.
Family STRIGIDiE.
Genus Strix.
Strix flammea, Linn.
Bam Owl.
1 & 2. He worth, York ?
Family BUBONIBiE.
Genus Asio.
Asio otus, (Linn.)
Long-eared Owl.
1 & 2. Pair of adults, Flaxton, York,
Jan. 1890. Pui chased.
Skin from Aberford, 1880, Bree Coll.
Skeletons
Eggs.
Allis Coll.
Sclerotic
Clutch of 3, Uppingham
hones.
Allis Coll.
2 clutches of 4, Scoreby
Case
No.
cxliv.
cxlv
34
Specimens mounted or Skins.
Asio accipitrinus, (Pall.)
Slwrt-earecl Owl.
1 & 2. Males, Easington, Holderncss,
Autumn 1895. Purchased.
Skin of adult, Colchester, Oct. 1878,
Bree Coll.
Skin of dark variety, Easington, Oct.
1900 (Loten).
Skin of specimen, without data.
Specimen from Dabrudscha (pale), Bree
,, ,, ,, Coll
Genus Syrnium.
Syrnium aluco, (Linn.)
Tawny Owl.
1. Adult, Scarhro’, Winter 1889.
Purchased.
2. Immature)
, !- Locality unknown.
8. Adult i J
Skin of adult. ,,
Genus Nyctea.
Nyctea scandiaca, (Linn.)
Snowy Owl.
1 & 2. Adults, Budston Coll, no data.
Skin of adult,
Genus Surnia.
Surnia ulula, (Linn.)
Ilawlc Owl.
Skins of 8 adults, Lapland.
Genus Nyctala.
Nyctala tengmalmi, (Gmel.)
Tenymahn' s Owl.
Skin of adult, Continental, 1877, Bree
Coll.
Genus Scops.
Scops giu, (Scop.)
Scops Owl.
1. Local.
2. Boynton, Yorks., July 1832. Both
from Strickland Coll.
Skeletons.
Eggs.
Allis Coll.
Clutch of G, Sarepta
r
Allis Coll.
Clutch of 4, Raincliffe Wood
Sclerotic
bones.
• • «
1 without data
1 Allis Coll.
Sclerotic
bones.
2 eggs, Griqualand
Case
No.
CXLYI
cxlvii
cxlviii
cxl
35
Specimens mounted or Skins.
Genus Bubo.
Bubo ignavus, Forst.
Eagle Old.
1. Strickland Coll.
2. Rudston Coll.
Genus Athene.
Athene noctua, (Retz.)
Little Oicl.
Sub-Order ACCIPITRES.
Family VULTURIDiE.
Genus Gyps.
Gyps fulvus, (Gmel.)
Griffon Vulture.
Genus Vultur.
Vultur monachus, Linn.
Cinereous Vulture.
Genus Neophron.
Neophron percnopterus (Linn.)
Egyptian Vulture.
Family FALCQNIELE.
Genus Circus.
Circus aGruginosus, (Linn.)
Marsh Harrier.
1. Cambridgeshire.
2 to 4. Strickland Coll. Probably from
Yorkshire.
Circus cineraceus, (Mont.)
Montagus Harrier.
Circus cyaneus, (Linn.)
lien Harrier.
1 & 2. Females, Pocklington about
1878. Bought of Allan.
Skin of female, Bree Coll.
| Skeletons.
Eggs.
Allis Coll.
1 egg
• • •
2 eggs
Sclerotic
bones.
1 egg
t • •
1 egg
• 0 •
Clutch of 4, Pomerania
. . .
Clutch of G, Pomerania
1
Clutch of 5, Pomerania
Case
No.
CLII
clvii
clix
Specimens mounted or Skins.
Skeletons.
Eggs.
Circus swainsoni, Smith.
Pallid Harrier.
Genus Butes.
Buteo vulgaris, Leach.
Common Buzzard.
1. Bought of Allan.
2. Strickland Coll.
8. Kiplingcotes (Riley).
Shin of adult, without data, Bree Coll.
Shins of 2 young in down, Sweden,
Bree Coll.
2 odd eggs
Clutch of 8, Thuringia
Buteo lagopus, Gmel.
Bough -l egged Buzzard.
1 & 2. Adults, British-hilled birds,
Strickland Coll.
Shin of adult (very pale), without data.
Bree Coll.
Genus Aquila.
Aquila chrysaetus, (Linn.)
Golden Eagle.
Genus Haliaetus.
Haliaetus albicilla, (Linn.)
Sea Eagle.
1. Adult, Rudston Coll. Locality pro¬
bably Yorhshire.
Genus Astur.
Astur palumbarius, (Linn.)
Goshawk.
Shin of immature bird, Denmark, Bree
Cell.
Genus Accipiter.
Accipiter nisus, (Linn.)
Sparrow Hawk.
Shin of female, Beeschurcb, Nov. 1S7G,
Bree Coll.
Shin of male, Beeschurcb, Nov. 187G,
Bree Coll.
Clutch of 2, Lapland
Sclerotic
hones.
1 egg, Torma, Lapland
Sclerotic
hones.
Clutch of 2 eggs Sarepta
Clutch of 3
,, 2, Denmark
G local clutches
1 clutch of 4, Brandenbur
37
Specimens mounted or Skins.
Accipiter nisus— Continual.
Skins of 2 young in down, Sweden,
July 1875, Bree Coll.
Skin of young female, Church Fenton,
Nov. 1884.
Skin of adult female, Askrigg Moor,
August 1300
Skin of female, Easington, Yorks., Nov.
1901 (Loten).
Genus Milus.
Milvus ictinus, Savigny.
Common Kite.
Milvus migrans, (Bodd.)
Black Kite.
Genus Pernis.
Pernis apivorus, (Linn.)
ljoneg Buzzard.
1. Yorkshire. Bought of C. Helstrip.
Genus Falco.
Falco gyrfalco, Linn.
Jcr falcon.
Skin of mature bird, Lapland, 19G3,
Bree Coll.
Skin of immature bird, Denmark, Bree
Coll.
Falco candicans, Gmel.
Greenland Falcon.
1 & 2. Strickland Coll.
3. Budston Coll.
Falco islandus, Gmel.
Iceland Falcon.
Falco pereginus, Tunstall.
Peregrine Falcon.
1, 3 & 4. Strickland Coll., locality
doubtful.
2. Adult male, Bootliam Stray, York,
Nov. 1879. Presented by Mr. Over-
ton, the shooter, to Rudston Coll.
Skeletons.
Eggs.
Clutch of 3, Pomerania
2 odd eggs
• • §
Clutch of 4, South Russia
• • •
1 fi era
x uco
.
• • *
1 egg
...
O 0 • « • 0
• • 0
1
Clutch of 3, Brandenburg
o
,, 2, Spaewald
,, 2, Sutherland
Case
No.
clxix
clxxi
clxxiii
SPECIMENS MOUNTED OE SKINS.
Falco subbuteo, Linn.
Hobby.
Skeletons.
Eggs.
1 & 2. Said to have been killed near
Doncaster. Presented by J. Back¬
house.
Skin of adult female, Danube, Bree Coll.
Other skins without data.
Falco aesalon, Tunstall.
Merlin.
• • •
• • • • ■ •
1 & 2. North of England. Presented
bv J. Backhouse.
8. Adult male, Spurn, 1892.
4. Immature bird, Yorkshire.
Skin of female, Easington, Yorks., Oct.
1899.
• • •
Clutch of 3, Uppingham
6 odd eggs
O O
Falco vespertimis, Linn,
Red-legged Falcon.
F alco tinnunculus, Linn ,
Kestrel.
■ • *
4 eggs
1 & 8. Adult male & female, He worth, 1900
2 & 4 to 7. Young in down, Biccall, June
1900. Purchased.
Skin of female, Bomney Marsh, Sept.
1882, Bree Coll.
Skin of young male, Kiln sea, Y'orks.,
Oct. 1399.
Falco c-enc-hris, Naum.
Lesser Kestrel.
Sclerotic
bones.
Several local clutches
1. TYilstrop, Yorks.. Nov. 1867. Pre¬
sented bv the late Mr. John Harrison.
mJ
Genus Pandion.
Pandion haliaetus, (Linn.
0*prey.
■ * a
Clutch of 3, Smyrna
Skin of young in down, Sweden, June
1878, Bree Coll.
Order STEGANOPODES.
Family PELECANIDiE,
Genus Ph ala croc or ax.
Phalacrocorax carbo, (Linn.)
Cormorant.
• t •
Clutch of 8, Lapland
1. Adult male, near Scarbro’, May
1887, Purchased.
• • •
Clutch of 4, Nettleness
Case
No.
CLXXIY
elm
clxxYii
clxiYiii
clxn
80
Specimens mounted or Skins. Skeletons.
Phalacrocorax graculus, Linn.
Shag .
1. Adult male, Strickland Coll.
2. Adult female, Sutherland, May.
Presented Lv J. Backhouse.
Eggs. Case
No.
Clutch of G. Shetland (Unst j CLXXXI
Genus Sula.
Sula bassana, Linn.
Gamut.
1. Adult, caught at Howsham, Oct.
1801. Purchased.
Sclerotic
hones.
8 egg?, Fame Islands
Order HERODII.
Family ARDEIDAE .
dxxil!
Genus Ardea.
Ardea cinerea, Linn.
Common Heron.
1. Adult, shot at Church Fenton,
Feb. 1888. Purchased.
2. Adult, Strickland Col!.
2 clutches of 1 each. MoreLv. clXXXiii
• V '
York
Ardea purpurea, Linn.
Purple Heron.
1. Adult, Strickland Coll.
2. Immature bird, Flambroh
Skin of immature bird, Copenhagen,
Brec Coll.
Ardea alba, Linn.
Great White Egret.
1. Hornsea, Strickland Coll.
1. Scoihorongh, near Beverley, 1634.
Budston Coll.
Skin of adult female, Lenkoran, April,
Bree Coll.
Ardea garzetta, Linn.
Lesser Egret.
Skin of adult male. Lenkoran. Bree
Coll.
Clutch of 4. South Bussia
CALL?
Clutch
of 4, Soutn
Buss:
:a
dm?
Clutch of o. South Bussia
Ardea bub ulcus, Audouin,
Buifed-lacked Heron.
* « •
Clutch of 3. Lake Halaniii
40
Specimens mounted or Skins.
Ardea ralloides, Scop.
Sqvacco Ilcron.
1. Rudston Coll.
Skeletons.
Eggs.
2. Pontefract, several years ago, Strick¬
land Coll.
Genus Ardetta.
' • •
Clutch of 1, South Russia
Ardetta minuta, (Linn.)
Lit ile Bittern.
Genus Nycticorax.
Nycticorax griseus, (Linn.)
HijJit Heron.
* ' *
Clutch of 5, Brandenburg
Skin of immature bird, S. Russia, Sept.
1875, (Scliliiter).
Genus Botaurus.
Botaurus stellaris, (Linn.)
Bittern.
...
Clutch of 4, South Russia
1
i
1 & 2. Adult male and female, Norfolk
Coast, Jan. 1875. Presented by J.
Backhouse.
Family CXGONIXBiE.
Genus Ciconia.
...
Clutch of 3, South Russia
Ciconia alba, Bechst.
Sclerotic
Clutch of 3, Smyrna
White Stork.
Ciconia nigra, (Linn.)
Black Stork.
bones.
1. Market Weighton, Oct. 1852.
• • •
<*-
1 egg, Denmark
la. Louth, Lincolnshire, June 1832.
Family PLATALEXBiE.
Genus Piatalea.
Platalea leucorodia, Linn.
Spoonbill.
1. Adult male, killed by A. Savage on
the Hornby Decoy, Bedale, 18G5.
2. Female, Rudston Coll.
• • •
'
Skin of young in down, Danube, 1885.
Sclerotic
2 eggs
bones.
1
Case
No.
clxxxviii
cxciii
„ A
cxciv
41
Specimens mounted or Skins.
Family 1BIDJE.
Genus Plegadis.
Plegadis falcinellus, (Linn.)
Glossy Ibis.
Family
PHCENICOPTERIDJE.
Genus Phoenicopterus.
Phoenicopterus roseus, Pall.
Flamingo.
Skin of adult male, Seville, April 1883,
Bree Coll.
Order ANSERES.
>
Family ANATIBiE.
Genus Anser.
Anser cinereus, Meyer.
Greylag Goose.
Anser segetum, (Gmel.)
Bean Goose.
1. Skin of young in clown, Dranora,
May 1874, Bree Coll.
Anser brachyrhynchus, BailL
Pink-footed Goose.
Anser albifrons, (Scop.)
White-fronted Goose.
1. Cottingwitli (Sleights).
Anser erythropus, Linn.
Lesser White- fronted Goose.
Skin of adult female, Sweden, June
1862 (Wheelwright), Bree Coll.
Skeletons.
Eggs.
Clutch of 4, South Hungary
Case
No.
Sclerotic
hones.
1
Octet
1 egg, Iceland
1 egg
CC
Specimens mounted or Skins.
Skeletons.
Eggs.
Genus Bernicla.
Bernicla brenta, (Pall.)
Brent Goose.
1. AJult; Yorkshire
Skin of adult, Colchester, Jan. 18G2,
Bree Coll.
Bernicla leucopsis, (Bechst.)
Banach Goose.
Genus Gygnus.
Gygnus olor, (Gmel.)
Mute Stcun.
1 efff*
x °&o
1 e°rof
Gygnus musicus, Bechst.
W hooper Swan.
1 . Immature bird, Scarbro1, Sept. 1890.
Presented by J. Backhouse.
Gygnus bewicki, Yarr.
Bewick's Swan.
Sclerotic
hones.
1 egg
1. Adult, Strensall, shot bv Col. Hill
out of a flock of eleven, Feb. 1879.
Presented by Sami. Key, Esq.
Genus Tadorna.
Tadorna cornuta, (Gmel.)
Common Sheldrake.
1. Piudston Coll. ... 8 egg
2 & 4. Strickland Coll.
3. Male, Easington, June 1888.
1 & 2. Adults, from Poulterers, Harro¬
gate, July 1895. Presented by J.
Backhouse.
Tadorna casarca, (Linn.)
Ruddy Sheldrake.
Skin of adult female (nesting), Sweden, ... 1 egg
July 30, 1870, Brec Coll.
• • •
, Iceland
43
Specimens mounted or Skins.
Genus Anas.
Anas boscas, Linn.
Mallard.
Anas streperus, Linn.
Gad wall.
Anas clypeata, Linn.
Shoveller.
Adult female, near York, Dec. 1896.
Purchased.
Anas crecca, Linn.
Teal.
Anas circia, Linn.
Garganey.
1. Adult, Leadenliall Market. Pre¬
sented by J. Backhouse.
Anas acuta, Linn.
Pintail.
1. Kiplingcotes, Yorks. Purchased.
2 & 8. Ptudston Coll.
Anas penelope, Linn.
Wig eon.
1 & 2. Adults, Yorks. Purchased.
8. Adult male, Easington, 1901.
Skin of adult, Danube, Brce Coll.
Genus Fuligula.
Fuligula ferina, (Linn.)
Pochard.
? Female, Yorkshire, Feb. 1897. Pur¬
chased.
Fuligula rufina, (Fall.)
Pied-hcaded Pochard.
Skin of adult, Asia Minor.
Fuligula mania, (Linn.)
Scaup.
1. Female, Wensleydale. Presented
by Lord Bolton.
Skin of male, Colchester, Jan. 18G1,
Bree Coll.
Skeletons.
Eggs.
. . .
2 local clutches
3 eggs of doubtful locality
3 eggs of doubtful locility
Clutch of 4, Strensall
2 eggs
3 eggs
Clutch of 3, Iceland
Sclerotic
bones.
Clutch of 4, Iceland
. . .
Clutch of 2, Salz See
. . .
2 odd eggs and clutch of 3,
Iceland
Case
No.
CCX111
CCXY
ccxvi
■ I 1
CCXYill
44
Specimens mountfd or Skins.
Fuligula cristata, Leach.
Tufted Duck.
Fuligula ferruginea, (Gmel.)
White-eyed Duck.
Fuligula glancion, (Linn.)
Goldeneye.
1. Adult female, Scotland. Presented
by Mr. Elmbirst.
2. Adult male, Newton-on-Denvent,
Feb. 1900. Bought of Allan.
Skin of female, Essex Coast, 1877,
Bree Coll.
Skins of 2 females, Colchester, 1862,
Bree Coll.
Skeletons.
2 eggs
1 egg
Sclerotic 2 eggs
bones.
Eggs.
Fuligula histrionica, (Linn.)
Harlequin Duck.
Fuligula glacialis, (Linn.)
Long-tailed Duck.
1. Spurn, young male, May 18S8,
(Loten).
2 & 3. Strickland Coll.
4 & 5. Adult male & female. Bought
of Clarke, Scarborough.
Genus Somateria.
Somateria mollissima, (Linn.)
Eider Duck.
Somateria spectabilis, (Linn.)
King Eider.
Somateria stelleri, (Pall.)
Stellers Duck.
Clutch of 4, Iceland
Clutch of 1, Iceland
Clutch of 4, Iceland
1 Qcrct
'-no
Genus CEdemia.
CEdemia fusca, (Linn.)
Velvet Scoter.
1. Adult, Goole, Jan. 1893. Pur¬
chased.
CEdemia nigra, (Linn.)
Common Scoter.
1. Yorkshire. Purchased.
CEdemia perspicillata, (Linn.)
Surf Scoter.
Clutch of 2, Iceland
Clutch of 3, Iceland
1 egg, Labrador
Case
No.
CCXX1
CCXX111
i i
CCXXV11
CCXXY111
45
Specimens mounted or Skins. ! Skeletons.
Eggs.
Genus Mergus.
Mergus merganser. Linn.
Goosander.
1 & 2. Yorkshire.
Skin of adult, Bree Coll.
Mergus serrator, Linn.
Bed-breasted Merganser.
Mergus albellus, Linn.
Smew.
8 eggs, Iceland
Clutch of 3, Iceland
2 eggs
Case
No.
CCXXX
Order COLUMBiE.
Family OOLUMBID/E.
Genus Golumba.
Columba palumbus, Linn.
Bing Dove or Wood Pigeon.
Skin of adult male, Isle of Wight, Mar.
1867, Bree Coll.
Skin of adult, Hampshire, 1879, Bree
Coll.
Columba livia, Bonnat.
Bock Dove.
1 & 2. Bridlington, 1895 (Boynton).
Columba cenas, Linn.
Stock Dove.
1 & 2. Adults, Wilstrop, April 1890.
Presented by J. Harrison.
3. Young, Church Fenton (Poulter).
Genus Turtur.
Turtur communis, Selby.
Turtle Dove.
1. Church Fenton. Presented by J.
Backhouse.
2. Female, Ivilnsea(Loten), June 1888.
Turtur orientalis, (Lath.)
Eastern Turtle Dove.
1. Scarbro’, see “Naturalist,” 1890,
p. 258. Presented by J. Backhouse.
2 clutches, Heslington, York
4 eggs, Castle Howard
ccxxxiv
2 clutches, Heslington
ccxxxv
ccxxxvi
ccxxxvii
Specimens mounted or Skins.
46
Case
No.
Specimens mounted or Skins.
Family PTEROGLXD^E.
Genus Syrrhaptes.
Syrrhaptes paradoxus, (Pall.)
Skeletons.
Eggs.
Pallass Sand Grouse.
Breast
• • • • • •
1 & 2. Rudston Coll., Yorkshire, 1863.
1 & 2. Spurn, Yorkshire, 1888.
*
Order GALLING.
Family PHASXANIDiE.
Genus Phasianus.
Phasianus colchicus, Linn.
Pheasant ,
bones.
1. Abnormal variety, Yorkshire. Par-
chased.
• • •
Several local eggs
1. Presented by Capt. Key, Fulford,
York.
Genus Caccabis.
Gaccabis rufa, (Linn.)
Pied- Egged Partridge.
• • •
1 & 2. Immature bird, Stebbing, Essex,
Oct. 1874. Purchased.
• • •
3 eggs, Norwich, 1853
1 & 2. Adults, Saffron- Walden.
Skin of immature male, Church Fenton,
December 1899. Presented by J.
Poulter.
Genus Perdix.
Perdix cinerea, Lath.
Partridge.
<*•
1. Adult, Tliirsk (Lee). Purchased.
(White Horse-shoe variety).
Skins of adult male and female, Danube,
Dree Coll.
Genus Coturnix.
• a •
2 local clutches
Ooturnix communis, Bonnat.
Quail.
• • •
1 clutch
CCXXXY111
„ A
ccxxxix
„ A
ccxli
47
Specimens mounted or Skins.
Family TETRAONIDiE.
Genus Lagopus.
Skeletons.
Eggs.
Lagopus mutus, Leach.
Ptarmitjan.
Lagopus scoticus, (Lath.)
Red Grouse.
• • •
1 clutch
1. Adult female, assuming male plum¬
age, South Tyne Head, Cumberland.
Presented by J. Backhouse.
2 & 3. Adults, normal plumage, Strick¬
land Coll.
Genus Tetrao.
Tetrao tetrix, Linn.
Black Grouse.
• •t
Yorkshire clutches
Skin of young in down, Sweden, 1875,
Sclerotic
3 eggs
Bree Coll.
Hybrid Grouse.
hones.
1. Female, between Black and Bed
Grouse, Strickland Coll.
Tetrao urogallus, Linn.
Capercaillie.
• • •
...
1 & 2. Adult male and female, Scot¬
Sclerotic
3 eug s
O
land, 1889. Purchased.
Hybrids.
Between T. urogallus (£• T. tetrix.
hones.
1 & 2. Male and female. Locality ?
Strickland Coll.
Order GRALLXiE.
Family RALLXD-E.
Genus Rallus.
Rallus aquaticus, Linn.
Water Rail.
1. Male, Spurn, Oct. 1901. Killed
against Telegraph Wires.
Skin of female, Easington, Yorkshire,
Nov. 19C0.
Genus Porzana.
Porzana maruetta, (Leach.)
aS potted Crake.
1 clutch of 7, Potter Heigham
1. Adult, Kiplingcotes. Purchased.
• • »
1 clutch of 9, South Bussia
2. Adult. Strensall, 1880. ,,
Skin of male, Malta, Bree Coll.
*
Case
No.
ccxliv
ccxlv
, A
ccxlvi
ccxlvii
ccxlviii
48
Specimens mounted or Skins.
Skeletons.
Eggs.
Porzana bailloni, (Vieill.)
Bullion's Crake.
1. Killed against Telegraph Wires,
Pocklington.
• • •
• • • i i i
Porzana parva, (Scop.)
Little Crake.
• • *
1 pcror
Genus Crex.
Crex pratensis, Bechst.
Corn Crake or Landrail.
1. Marston, 1889. Purchased.
2. Aloe, 1888. ,,
. . .
3 local clutches
Genus Porphyrio.
Porphyrio coeruleus, (Vand.)
Purple Gallimile.
-
Genus Gallinula.
Gallinula chloropus, (Linn.)
Waterhen or Moorhen.
1 & 2. Shot at Heworth, Dec. 1890.
• 6 •
4 local clutches
Genus Fulica.
Fulica atra, Linn.
Coot.
1. Adult, York, Dec. 1899.
2. Adult, local.
. . .
.
2 local clutches
Family GRUIDiE.
Genus Grus.
Grus communis, Bechst.
Common Crane.
Adult, Strickland Coll., probably local.
Sclerotic
bones.
2 eggs
OD
*
Order LIMICOL^.
-
Family OTIDM.
Genus Otis.
Otis tarda, Linn.
Great Bustard.
1. Female, Pufforth, York, Feb. 18G1.
Purchased.
1. Adult male, Strickland Coll.
Skin of adult male, Bree Coll.
• • •
2 eggs
Otis tetrax, Linn.
Little Bustard.
1 to 6. Old Yorkshire specimens.
1 egg, South Russia
Case
No.
ccxlix
ccliv
cclvi
cclvii
49
Specimens mounted or Skins.
Otis undulata, (Jacq.)
Houbara Bustard.
Skin of female, Danube, Bree Coll.
Otis macqueeni, J. E. Gray.
Macqueen s Bustard.
1. Brigg, Lincolnshire, figured by
Gould. Purchased.
Family CEDICNEMIDiE.
Genus CEdicnemus.
CEdicnemus scolopax, (Gmel.)
Stone Curlew.
1 to B. Strickland Collection, probably
Yorkshire.
4. Holme -on- Spalding Moor. Pur¬
chased.
Family GLARXOLID^E.
Genus Glariola.
Glariola pratincola, Linn.
Common Pratincole.
Skeletons.
Eggs.
Case
No.
t • i
• • •
cclix
Sclerotic
bones.
Clutch of 3, West Prussia
,, 2, Manton Warren
9
• J " J 5 5
2 odd eggs
cclx
Clutch of 4
Family CHARADRIIDJE.
Genus Oursorius.
Cursorius gallicus, (Gmel.)
Cream-coloured Courser.
Genus Charadrius.
Charadrius pluvialis, Linn.
Golden Plover.
1 & 2. Adult male and female, South
Tyne Head, Cumberland, May 1888.
Presented by J. Backhouse.
Charadrius fulvus, Gmel.
Eastern Golden Plover.
Genus Squatarola.
Squatarola helvetica, (Linn.)
Grey Plover.
1, 2 & 3. Rudston Collection, probably
Yorkshire.
Clutch of 3 eggs, S. Hungary
,, 3 eggs, Germany
2 eggs, Shetland
2 eggs, Iceland
cclxiii
cclxv
D
50
Specimens mounted or Skins.
Genus GEgialitis.
GEgialitis cantiana, (Lath.)
Kentish Plover.
GEgialitis curonica, (Gmel.)
Little-ringed Hover.
Skin of adult female, Malta (L. Adams),
May 18G1, Bree Coll.
GEgialitis hiaticula, (Linn.)
Binged Hover.
1. Adult, Spurn Point.
Skin of adult male, Sussex Coast, Feb.
1807, Bree Coll.
Skin of immature bird, St. Leonard's,
Feb. 18G7, Bree Coll.
Skins of 2 adult males, Brightlingsea,
Summer 1863, Bree Coll.
Skin of immature bird, Brightlingsea,
Summer 1963.
Genus Endromias.
Endromias morinellus, (Linn.)
Mountain Dotterel.
1 & 2. Adults, Strickland Coll.
3 & 4. Southport. Purchased.
Genus Vanellus.
Vanellus vulgaris, Bechst.
Lapwing or Green Plover.
1 & 2. Heworth, Nov. 1890.
1. Variety, Yorkshire, June 1898.
Purchased.
Skin of adult, Mersea Island, 1872,
Bree Coll.
Genus Strepsilas.
Strepsilas interpres, (Linn.)
Turnstone.
1 to 5. Yorkshire, mostly from Easing-
ton.
Skeletons.
Eggs.
’ Case
No.
2 eggs, Copenhagen
Clutch ot 4 eggs, Faroe Isles.
7 odd eggs
cclxYiii
1 egg
cclxix
Several local clutches
cclxx
cclxxi
51
Specimens mounted or Skins.
Skeletons.
Eggs.
Genus Hoematopus.
Haematopus ostralagus, Linn.
• • •
G eggs
oo
Oyster catcher.
Family SCOLOPACIDjE.
Genus Recurvirostra.
Recurvirostra avocetta, Linn.
A cocct.
1. Adult, Scarbro’, shot about 18G5.
• • •
3 eggs, West Prussia
Purchased.
1
Genus Himantopus.
Himantopus candidus, Bonnat.
Black-idnyccl Stilt.
Skin of immature bird, Gibraltar, Bree
Coll.
-
Genus Phalaropus.
Phalaropus hyperboreus(Linn.)
Bed - necked V hala ro pe.
Skins of adult male and female, Green¬
Clutch of 4, South Russia
land, Bree Coll.
,, 6, Iceland
Phalaropus fulicarius, Linn.
Grey Phalarope.
Male, Cayton Bay, Scarbro’, Sept. 189G.
1 egg, without data
1 & 2. Females, Scalby, near Scarbro’,
Oct. 189G. Purchased.
Skin of adult male, Summer, Green¬
land, Bree Coll.
Genus Scolopax.
Scolopax rusticula, Linn.
Woodcock.
1. Adult, Easington, Feb. 1901.
Sclerotic
Clutch of 3, Bray, Iceland
2. Adult, Low Dunsforth, near York,
bones.
Nov. 1900. Purchased.
Genus Gallinago.
Gallinago major, Gmel.
Great Snipe.
1. Rudston Coll.
2. Adult, Hayton, Yorks., shot by the
1
• t •
2 eggs, without data
Rev. R. Surtees, Sept. 1878, Ruds¬
ton Coll.
8. Adult, Hayton, shot by Mr. Read,
Sept. 1862.
4, Adult, shot in Bolton Park, 1872.
Presented by Lord Bolton.
Case
No.
cclxxiii
cclxxvi
cclxxvii
cclxxviii
52
Specimens mounted ort Skins.
Gallinago coelestis, Frenzel.
Common Snipe.
Gallinago gallinula, Linn.
Jack Snipe.
Skeletons.
Eggs.
5 local clutches
Genus Limicola.
Limicola platyrhyncha(Temm.)
Broad-billed Sandpiper.
Genus Tringa.
Tringa fuscicollis, Vieill.
Bonaparte's Sandpiper.
Tringa alpina, Linn.
Dunlin.
1 to 5. Autumn plumage, Spurn. Pre- ... Clutch of 4, Iceland
sented by J. Backhouse.
1 to 4. Winter plumage, Easington, ... ,, 4, Sweden
Yorks.
2 & 3. Adult male & female, Hiddensoe, ••• ••• •••
Summer 1887. Purchased
Skin of adult male, Spurn, May 1899.
Skin of adult, Winter, Spurn, 1896.
Presented by J. Backhouse.
Skin of immature bird, St. Leonard’s,
Eeb. 1867, Bree Coll.
Skin of immature female, Isle of Wight,
Eeb. 1867, Bree Coll.
Skin of female, Spurn, May 1901.
Killed against Telegraph Wires.
Tringa maculata, Vieill.
Pectoral Sandpiper.
Skin from Unst, Shetland, June 20th,
1839, Bree Coll.
Tringa minuta, Leisl.
Little Stint.
Tringa subarquata, (Guld.)
Curlew Sandpiper.
1 & 2. Immature birds, Spurn point,
Autumn 1877. Presented by J.
Backhouse.
Skins of 2 in Autumn dress, Aldborougb,
1870, Bree Coll.
i Case
No.
cclxxxiii
„ A
„ B
cclxxxvi
53
Specimens mounted or Skins.
Tringa striata, Linn.
Purple Sandpiper .
1 to 3. Walton- on-the-Naze, Essex,
Winter 1888 (Backhouse).
Skin of adult female, Summer, Bree
Coll.
Tringa canutus, Linn.
Knot.
Skin of male, Spurn, Summer 1804.
Skins of 3 adults, Winter 1879, Essex
Coast, Bree Coll.
Genus Machetes.
Machetes pugnax, (Linn.)
Puif. :
1. Large case (Ruffs and Reeves),
Strickland Coll.
Skin of adult male, Danube, Bree Coll.
Genus Calidris.
Calidris arenaria, (Linn.)
S underling .
1 & 2. Strickland Coll.
3 & 4. Easington, Yorks., May 1888.
Skin of adult male, Winter, Sussex,
1867, Bree Coll.
Skin of 2 males and 1 female, Spurn,
Sept. 1894 (Loten).
Skin of male, Romney Marsh. Sept.
1881, Bree Coll.
Skin of adult female, Spurn, Jan. 1901.
Genus Totanus.
Totanus hypoleucus, (Linn.)
Common Sandpiper.
Skin of female, killed at Spurn Ligbt-
, house, May 1899.
Skin of adult, Colchester, Aug. 1861,
Bree Coll.
Skeletons. Eggs.
Clutch of 3, Sweden
2 clutches of 3, Iceland
Clutch of 4, Sweden
Clutch of 3, Friesland
3 eggs, no data
Clutch of 4, Loch Awe
Clutch of 4, Sweden
2 odd eg£S
Case
No.
cclxxxvii
cclxxxix
GCLXC
54
Specimens mounted or Skins.
Totanus ochropus, (Linn.)
Green Sandpiper.
1 & 2. Pair of adults, Yorkshire Coast.
Skin of female, Aug. 18G1, Colchester,
Bree Coll.
Skins of 3 nestlings, Sweden, 1875,
Bree Coll.
Totanus glareola, (Linn.)
Wood Sandpiper.
Skins of 2 adults, Malta, Majr, Bree Coll.
Totanus calidris, (Linn.)
Redshank.
1 & 2. Adults, Scarhro’, Purchased.
Skin of male, Romney Marsh, Sept.
1882, Bree Coll.
Totanus fuscus, (Linn.)
Spotted Redshank.
Totanus canescens, (Gmel.)
Greensliank.
Genus Limosa.
Limosa iapponica, (Linn.)
Bar-tailed Goduit.
1 & 2. Strickland Coll.
3 & 4. Immature birds from Bridlington,
Sept. 1888.
Limosa segocephala, (Linn.)
Black-tailed Goduit.
1. Strickland Coll.
2 to 4. Cottingwith, Sept. 1888.
Genus Numenius.
Numenius arquata, (Linn.)
Curlew.
1. Male, Yorkshire ?
2. Female, Holderness (Riley).
Numenius phseopus, (Linn.)
Whiinhrel.
Numenius borealis, (Forst.)
Esquimaux Curlew.
Skeletons.
Eggs.
-
• • •
• • • • • •
...
Clutch of 4, Denmark
• • •
5 local clutches
...
2 eggs
• • •
• • •
2 odd eggs
Clutch of 3, Denmark
• • •
2 Yorkshire clutches
1 clutch (2), Norfolk
1 odd egg
• • •
2 clutches of 3 each, Iceland
Clutch of 3, Pomerania
Case
No.
CCXCII
CCXCIY
CCXCYII
CCXCYlil
CCXCIX
55
Specimens mounted ok Skins.
Skeletons.
Eggs.
Order GAVI M.
Family LARIDiE.
Sub-Family STERNINJE.
Genus Sterna.
Sterna macrura, Naum.
Arctic Tern.
Skin of immature male, Easington,
Yorks., Oct. 1900.
• • •
_
Odd eggs without locality
1
Sterna fluviatilis, Naum.
Common Tern.
• • •
Several odd eggs without
locality
Sterna dougalli, Mont.
Roseate Tern.
• • •
2 eggs of doubtful locality ;
Sterna minuta, Linn.
Lesser Tern.
1 & 2. Pair of adults, Flamborougli,
Aug. 1893.
• • •
Clutch of 3, Spurn
Sterna caspia, Pall.
Caspian Tern.
• • •
1 egg
Sterna anglica, Mont.
Gull-billed Tern.
• • •
1 egg, labelled Smyrna
Sterna cantiaca, Gmel.
Sandwich Tern.
• • #
1G eggs without data
Sterna fuliginosa, Gmel.
Sooty Tern.
j
I
Genus Hydrochelidon.
Hydrochelidon hybrida, (Pall.)
Whiskered Tern.
• • •
1 egg
Hydrochelidon leucoptera,
(Schinz.)
White-winged Black Tan.
J
Case
No.
CCCY
Specimens mounted or Skins.
Skeletons.
Eggs.
Case
No.
Hydrochelidon nigra, (Linn.)
Black Tern.
1. Immature, Easington, 1901.
• • •
id 'A
CCCXII
Sub-Family LARINJE.
Genus Xema.
Xema sabinii, (Sabine.)
Sabine's Gull.
1. Young in first plumage.
2. Adult male. Botli killed at Flam-
borough, Sept. 1890. Presented by
the late Cauon Raine.
Genus Rhodostethia.
Rhodostethia rosea, (Macgill.)
Boss's Gull.
Genus Pagophila.
Pagophila eburnea, (Phipps.)
Ivonj Gull.
Genus Larus.
Larus ridibundus, Linn.
Black-lieaded Gull.
1. Adult, Bridlington, Winter 1887.
2. Adult male, Oland, Summer. Pur¬
chased.
8. Young male, Solway, Aug. 1885.
Purchased.
Larus ichthysetus, Pall.
Great Black-headed Gulf.
CCCXIII
CCCXY
• • •
Various Yorkshire clutches
CCCXYI
Larus minutus, Pall.
Little Gull.
1 & 2. Immature bird, Rudston Coll.
1. Adult, Winter, Rudston Coll.
2. Adult, Summer, Strickland Coll.
3. Adult, Scarbro’, Oct. 1880. Pur¬
chased.
Odd
CCCXV1II
57
Specimens mounted or Skins.
g ‘ '•
Skeletons.
Eggs.
Larus canus, Linn.
Common Gull.
1. Filey, 1897 (Watson).
2. Immature bird, Spurn, 1901.
:
• • •
4 eggs
Larus argentatus, Gmel.
Herring Gull.
1. Adult male, Dec. 1888.
2. Immature, Feb. 1889, Scarbro’.
3. Adult female, March 1889, Scarbro’
Sclerotic
bones.
4 Yorkshire clutches
-v,-
Larus fuscus, Linn.
Lesser Blacli-backed Gulp.
Larus marinus, Linn.
Greater Black-backed Gull.
. . V •
2 Scotch clutches
Several eggs, Fame Islands
1 & 2. Adults* Bridlington, 1895.
Presented by Mr. Boynton.
1 & 2. Immature bird, Spurn, Jan.
1896 (Watson). «
f *
r. ; o . t '
• • •
• • •
2 eggs
Larus glaucus, Faber.
Ghuicus Gull.
c •• j y.r -S'" *. ; • 1
1. Immature bird, Bridlington, Nov.
-,1888. Purchased. . &
' yOv, ' * -------
2. Adult, Bridlington. Purchased.
...
t. .:
2 eggs, doubtful
t - r’ :! .
Larus leucopterus, Faber.
Iceland Gull.
1. Purchased. Yorkshire ?
• • •
1 egg, doubtful
. -
Genus Eissa.
,
....
Rissa tridactyla, (Linn.)
Kitliwake.
pro
Skins of 2 adults males, Spurn, Jan.
and February, 1901.
1 & 2. Bridlington, Aug. 1888. Pur-
; debased.
3, & 4. Strickland Coll.
1. Adult, Summer, Bridlington.
2 & 3. Adults, Winter, Strickland Coll.
• • •
c. ; n
Several Yorkshire clutches
■
Case
No.
cccxix
cccxx
cccxxii
.. A
• i i
CCCXX111
cccxxiv
CCCXXY
A
58
Specimens mounted or Skins. j Skeletons.
Eggs.
Sub-Family
I
STERCORARIUNME.
Genus Stercorarius.
Stercorarius catarrhaetes,Linn.
Great Skua.
|
Stercorarius pomatorhinus,
(Temm.)
Pomatorliine Skua.
1. Adult, Spurn, May 1887. ... j 2 eggs
2. Adult female, Lapland, June 1888.
Purchased.
3 & 4. Immature bird, Bridlington.
1. Picked up at Harome, Yorks.,
Dec. 1895. Presented by J. Back-
* bouse.
Case
No.
cccxxvii
„ A
Stercorarius crepidatus (Banks) Sclerotic
Richardson s Skua. boues*
Stercorarius parasiticus (Linn.)
Bujf on's Skua.
1. Adult, Bridlington, Sept. 1893.
Presented by the late Canon Raine.
1 & 2. Strickland Coll.
Order TUBINARES.
Family PROCELLARIIDiE.
Genus Procellaria,
Procellaria pelagica, Linn.
Stormy Petrel.
Procellaria leucorrhoa, Vieill.
Leach's Petrel.
1 to 3. Adults, St. Kilda, Purchased.
1. Adult, Bolton Park, 1872.
Skins of male and female, Greenland,
Bree Cell.
2 eggs, Greenland
3 eggs
2 eggs labelled Faroe Islands
cccxxix
3 egga
1 egg
»*•
cccxxxi
„ A
Case
No.
Specimens mounted on Skins. Skeletons.
Genus Oceanites.
Oceanites oceanicus, (Kuhl.)
Wilson's Petrel.
Eggs.
Genus Puffinus.
Puffinus anglorum, (Temm.)
Manx Shearwater.
1. Adult, Scarbro’. Purchased.
2. Yorkshire. Preseuted by the Rev.
C. Waldy.
Puffinus yelkouan, (Acerbi.)
Levantine Shearwati r.
1. Adult, Flambro’, 1890. Purchased.
(Probably the^first specimen known
as British -killed).
Puffinus griseus,' (Gmel.)
Sooty Shearwater.
♦
■ 1 & 2. Pair shot at Flambro’, Aug.
1887. Presented hy J. Backhouse.
Skin of adult, Teesmouth, Aug. 1828.
(See “ Yarrell,” 4th Ed., Yol. 4, p. 17)
Puffinus major^Faber.
Great, Shearwater.
Skin of adult female (breeding)~18Gl,
Bree' Coll.
Genus Fulmarus.
Fulmarus glacialis, (Linn.)
Fulmar Petrel.
1 & 2. Young, Rudston Coll.
3. Strickland Coll.
eggs
••• ••• •••
1 egg, Faroe Islands
Genus Bulweria.
Bulweria columbina (Moq-Tand
Bulwer's Petrel.
cccxxxiii
cccxxxiv
CCCXXXY
cccxxxYii
1. Adult, Strickland Coll.
1. Adult, Tanfield.
cccxxxviii
„ A
60
Specimens mounted or Skins.
Skeletons.
Eggs.
Order ALCiE.
Family ALCID^E.
Genus Alca.
Alca torda, Linn.
Razorbill.
1 & 2. Bridlington, Feb. 1891.
Sclerotic
bones.
Many Yorkshire eggs
•
Alca impennis, Linn.
Great Auk or Gare Fowl.
1. Rudston Coll. Presented by Mr.
Bell, Thirsk.
2. Strickland Coll.
2 m a
• • •
• • •
1 Cast
Genus Lomvia.
Lomvia troile, (Linn.)
Guillemot.
1 & 2. Adults and nestling, Speeton,
Bridlington.
1 & 2. Ringed variety, Scarbro’, Feb.
1890. Purchased.
Skin of female, Colchester, Jan. 1861,
Bree Coll.
Skin of nestling, Filey, Aug. 1886.
3 - 3
Sclerotic
bones.
• • •
*
Many Yorkshire eggs
Lomvia brunnichii, (Sabine.)
BruunicJi s Guillemot.
• • •
i fgg
.
Genus Uria.
Uria grylle, (Linn.)
Black Guillemot.
1 & 2. Pair of adults, Speeton, 1894.
Purchased.
1 & 2. Immature bird, West of Ireland,
Autumn 1889. Presented by the late
Mr. Garwood.
• • •
• i •
8 eggs
Genus Mergulus.
Mergulus alle, (Linn.)
Little Auk.
1 & 8. Scarbro’, Feb. 1890.
2. Hull, Feb. 1890.
Skins of male and female, Spurn, Feb.
1900.
• • •
« • • • • •
i
Case
No.
cccxxxix
CCCXL
„ A
CCCXLI
» A
cccxliii
„ A
cccxliv
Cl
Specimens mounted or Skins.
Skeletons.
Eggs.
Genus Fratercula.
Fratercula arctica, (Linn.)
Puffin.
1 & 2. Adults, Bridlington ?
Skin of adult, Filey, Aug. 1886.
• • •
G eggs, Speeton
Order PYGOPODES.
Family COLYMBID^l.
•
Genus Colymbus.
Colymbus glacialis, Linn.
Great Northern Diver.
1. Adult, Iceland, 1893. Presented
by Dr. T. Anderson.
2. Adult, Rudston Coll.
Skin of Immature male, probably British.
Brec Coll.
Sclerotic
bones.
1 clutch, Iceland
Colymbus arcticus, Linn.
Black-throated Diver.
Skin of Immature male, Skt filing, Yorks.
Nov. 1895 (Loten).
f 0
Sclerotic
bones.
t ■ .
1 egg
Colymbus septentrionalis,Linn.
Bed-throated Diver.
1. Young male, Bridlington, Oct. 1888
(Allan).
2. Young, Scarbro1, December 1887.
Presented by J. Backhouse.
3. Adult male, Bridlington, Oct. 1888
(Allan).
Skin of young female. Killed at Spurn
Lighthouse, Oct. 1900.
Skin of adult, Winter, October 1809,
Sweden, Bree Coll.
Skin of immature bird, Winter, Essex
Coast, 1879, Bree Coll.
e : o
Sclerotic
bones.
1 clutches, Shetland
c I
Family PODICIPID^E.
Genus Podiceps.
Podiceps cristatus, (Linn).
Great Crested Grebe.
Sclerotic
bones.
Clutch ot 3, Hornsey Mere
4 eggs
Case
No.
cccxlv
cccxlvi
cccxlviii
Specimens mounted or Skins.
Podiceps griseigena, (Bodd.)
Bed-necked Grebe.
1 & 8. Strickland Coll.
2. Bridlington, Sept. 5th, 1888.
1. Immature bird, Summer. Picked
up dead near York.
1. Immature bird, Winter, Flambro’.
2. Immature bird, Winter, Holderness.
Purchased.
Skin of adult, Winter, Colchester, 1879,
Bree Coll.
Skin of immature bird, Winter, Col¬
chester, 1860, Bree Coll.
Podiceps auritus, (Linn.)
Sclavonian Grebe.
1. Immature bird, Winter, Yorks.
Podiceps nigricollis^.L.Brehm.
Eared Grebe.
Podiceps fiuviatilis, (Tunstall.)
Little Grebe.
1 to 8. Summer plumage, Clifton,
York, Jan. 1899. Purchased.
Skin of male. Killed at Spurn Light¬
house, Nov. 1900.
Skin of male, Summer, Colchester, Aug.
1861, Bree Coll.
Skin of young bird, Colchester, 1878,
Bree Coll.
|
I
CATALOG U E
OF.
BRITISH PLANTS IN THE HERBARIUM
OF THE
YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
>_y
CATALOGUE of BRITISH PLANTS in the HERBARIUM
OF THE
YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
PAE;T ATZII.
Compiled by HENRY J. WILKINSON, Hon. Curator, Botany.
UMBELLIFER/E.
502. Hydrocotyle vulgaris,
Linn.
Bogs, marshes, tic., Shetland, southwards.
Distrib. Europe, W. Asia, N. Africa.
Sp. Copgrove, Yorks. ...
Shipley Moor, Yorks.
Heslington, York. ...
Skipwitli Common, Yorks. ...
503. Eryngium maritimum,
Linn.
Sandy shores, from Aberdeen, southwards.
Distrib. Shores of Atlantic, Mediterra¬
nean, &c,
Sp. Hartlepool, Durham
Blackpool, Lancs. ...
On the shore beyond Bootle
Fleetwood, Lancs. ...
Coast of Kent
Banks of Humber, Skeffiing, E. Yorks.
Date.
Collector.
Herbarium.
1790
J. Dalton
Rev. J. Dalton
1800
S. Hailstone
S. Hailstone
180G
W. Middleton
W. Middleton
1881
H. J. Wilkinson
H. J. Wilkinson
1799
S. Hailstone
S. Hailstone
1801
5 9
1805
>5
5 >
1842
5 5
5 5
1806
W: Middleton
W. Middleton
1893
H. J. Wilkinson
H. J. Wilkinson
E
504. Eryngium campestre,
Linn. Alien.
Sp. Near Newcastle, Northumberland ...
Near Newcastle ,,
505. Astrantia major, Linn.
Alien.
Sp. Stokesay Wood, Ludlow, Salop
Date.
(1800)
1840
Collector.
Mr. Winch
J. Storey
1888 T. Archer Briggs
506. Sanicula europaea, Linn.
Copses, (Cc.,from Caithness, southwards.
Distrih. Europe, Himalaya, North and
Tropical Africa.
Sp. Bingley Woods, Yorks.
Knaresboro’, Yorks.
Castle Howard, Yorks.
180G S. Hailstone
1790 J. Dalton
1 800 W. Middleton
507. Physospermum commu¬
tation, Spreng.
Copses, d'C., South Devon d Cornwall.
Distrih. South of France and Spain.
Sp. Near Bodmin, Cornwall
Near Bodmin ,,
508. Conium maculatum,
Linn.
Diver banks, roadsides, die., from Orkney,
southwards.
Distrih. Europe, N. Africa, N. and W.
Asia.
Sp. Devil’s Ditch, Cambs.
Copgrove, Yorks. ...
Moat, Scarboro’ Castle, Yorks.
Clifton Ings, York ...
(1800) Sir T. Gage
(1800) D. Turner
1815
1790
1800
1900
S. Hailstone
J. Dalton
| W. Middleton
I
I If. J. Wilkinson
Herbarium.
llev. J. Dalton
S. Hailstone
W. Whit well
S. Hailstone
Rev. J. Dalton
W. Middleton
Rev. J. Dalton
J ?
S. Hailstone
Rev. J. Dalton
W. Middleton
H. J. Wilkinson
G7
Date.
509. Smyrnium olusatrum,
Linn.
Waste 'places , amongst ruins, and near
the sea.
Distrib. From Holland, southwards.
Sp. Castle Hill, Scarboro’, Yorks. ... 1813
Hastings, Sussex ... ... ... 183-1
Tynemouth, Northumberland ... 1809
Rochester Castle, Kent ... ... 1800
510. Bupleurum rotnndifoiimn
Linn.
Chalky fields , (be., from Yorkshire to
Somerset.
Distrib. Europe, W. Asia.
Sp. Copgrove, Yorks. ... ... ... 1790
511. Bupleurum aristatuxn,
Bartl.
Sandy banks, Devon, (be.
DDtrib. From France, southwards and
eastwards.
Sp. Park Hill, Torquay, Devon... ... 1818
512. Bupleurum tenuis si mum
Linn.
Salt marshes, cbe., from Durham, south¬
wards.
Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia.
Sp. Selsey, Sussex
Hastings ,,
Yarmouth, Norfolk ...
18C9
1830
1800
Collector.
S. Hailstone
J. Dalton
W. Middleton
J. Dalton
Miss Griffith
J. Dalton
S. Haiistone
J. Dalton
IIebeai ium.
S. Hailstone
5 5
Rev. J. Dalton
W. Middleton
Rev. J. Dalton
S. Hailstone
Rev. J. Dalton
S. Hailstone
Rev. J. Dalton
G8
513. Bupleurum falcatum,
Linn. Alien.
Hedgerows, dc., Surrey and Essex.
Distrib. From Belgium, southwards.
Sp. Chelmsford, Essex ...
Date.
1842
Collector.
J. Rav
Ongar ,,
1848
G. E. Demies
514. Trinia vulgaris, Linn.
Limestone rods, South Devon and North
Somerset.
Distrib. From Belgium, southwards.
Sp. St. Vincent's Rocks, Bristol, Glosters.
1840
G. H. Iv. Thwaites
St. Vincent's Rocks ,, ,,
1840
Dr. Wools
St. Vincent’s Rocks ,, ,,
1883
H. Fisher
515. Apium graveolens, Linn.
Marshy places by the sea, dr., from Perth,
southwards.
Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia.
Sp. Ditches at Ooatham, Yorks.
1709
S. Hailstone
Ditches at Marskc ,,
1799
5 J
Ilambleton Dike, between Monk
Fryston and Selby, Yorks.
1807
Ivent ... ... . . ...
1810
W. Middleton
Banks of the Humber, Skeffling,
S. Yorks....
1893
H. J. Wilkinson
<*• ,
516. Apium nodiflorum,
Reichb.
Marshy places, from the Clyde, southwards
Distrib. Belgium, southwards, N. and
W. Asia.
Sp. Coatham, N.E. Yorks.
1799
.
S. Hailstone
Holgate, York
1800
5 >
Bottisham, Cambs. ...
1843
M
Scarboro’, Yorks. ...
1813
W. Middleton
Copgrove, Yorks. ...
1790
J. Dalton
Herbarium.
S. Hailstone
5 >
S. Hailstone
II. J. Wilkinson
S. Hailstone
J 5
5 J
W. Middleton
H. J. Wilkinson
S. Hailstone
n
? j
W. Middleton
Rev. J. Dalton
GO
517. Apium nodiflorum.
Var. repots (Koch.)
Sp. Haddington, Scotland
Date.
1839
CoLLECTOK.
W. H. Campbell
518. Apium nodiflorum.
Var. ochreatum (D.C.)
Sp. Haxey, Lincolnshire
1883
G. Webster
519. Apium inundatum,
Reichb.
II 'et places, from Orkney, southwards.
Distrib. From Goathland, southwards.
Sp. Copgrove, Yorks. ...
1790
J. Dalton
Pond, Dringhouses, York ...
180G
S. Hailstone
Strensall, York
1800
W. Middleton
520. Cicuta virosa, Linn.
Banks of rivers, Sc., Forfar to Somerset.
Distrib. N. and Mid. Europe (Arctic),
N. Asia.
Sp. Prickwillow Bridge, Ely, Camhs. ...
1786
Dr. Goodenough
Yarmouth, Norfolk ...
1800
J. Dalton
Yarmouth ,,
1843
Mr. Fitt
521. Carum verticillatum,
Koch.
^Meadows, Sc., from Argyll to Cornwall.
Distrib. West Europe, from Holland,
southwards.
Sp. Cornwall
1809
D. Turner
Loch Lomond, Scotland
1806
J. Dalton
522. Carum segetum, Benth.
Hcdgebanks, Sc., from York, southwards.
Distrib. W. Europe.
Sp. Cornfields, near Hull, Yorks.
1800
AY. Brunton
Herbarium.
S. Hailstone
H. J. Wilkinson
Rev. J. Dalton
S. Hailstone
W. Middleton
Rev. J. Dalton
55
S. Hailstone
S. Hailstone
Rev. J. Dalton
Rev. J. Dalton
70
523. Carum carui, Linn. Alien.
Sp. By the roadside, near Sawley Moor,
Ripon, Yorks.
Grantley, BipoD, Yorks.
Bats.
1790
1790
Collector.
W. Br union
J. Balton
524. Bison amomum. Linn,
II eihj chunks , dr., from York, southwards.
Distrib. W. Europe.
Sp. Grantchester Mill, Camh. ...
Pevensey Castle, Sussex
1839
1813
S. Hailstone
J 5
525. Sium latifolium, Linn.
Riversides, tCx\, from Stirling j to Heron.
Hist rib. Europe, N.W. Asia, &c.
Sp. Moat at York
Foss, Navigation, York (in pleniy)...
Hunting! on, York (River Foss)
1800 Yv7. Bruntou
1780 J. Balton
1881 H. J. Wilkinson
526. Slum ereotum, Huds.
Wet places, from Ehjin, southwards.
Distrib. Europe.
Sp. Grantchester Mill, Camh. ...
Milnthorpe, Westmoreland ...
Boroughbridge, Yorks.
River Foss, York ...
1839 S. Hailstone
1801 ,,
1790 J. Balton
18S1 H. J. Wilkinson
527. iEgopodium podagraria,
Linn.
V/aste places , from Ehjin, southwards.
Distrib. N. and Mid. Europe, W. Asia.
Sp. Near the Public House called “ Four
Ashes,” Horton Lane, Bradford,
Yorks.
Copgrovc, Yorks.
1807
1790
S. Hailstone
J. Balton
Herbarium.
Rev. J. Balton
5 ?
S. Hailstone
? J
S. Hailstone
Rev. J. Balton
H. J. Wilkinson
S. Hailstone
5 5
Rev. J. Balton
H. J. Wilkinson
S. Hailstone
Rev. J. Ballon
71
Date.
Collector.
Herbarium.
528. Pimpinella saxifraga,
Linn.
Drg pastures, from Sutherland, south¬
wards.
Distrib. Europe (Arctic), N. & W. Asia.
Sp. Pennyoaks and other places about
Bradford, Yorks _
1800
S. Hailstone
S. Hailstone
Field beyond North Street Postern,
York
1811
5 J
Croft, N. Yorks.
1880
J. Dalton
Bev. J. Dalton
529. Pimpinella major, Huds.
Hedgerows, waste ptlnccs, Perth, south¬
wards.
Distrib. N. & Mid. Europe, Caucasus.
Sp. Copgrove, Yorks.
1700
J. Dalton
Bev. J. Dalton
Under the Walls of York ...
180G
S. Hailstone
S. Hailstone
Burnley, Lancs.
1810
j >
Clifton, York
1881
H. J. Wilkinson
H. J. Wilkinson
530. Conopodium denudatum
Koch.
Woods and fields, Shetland to Channel
Islands.
Distrib. W. Europe.
Sp . Yoi k ... ... ... ...
1803
S. Hailstone
S. Hailstone
Ileslington, Yorks. ...
1800
W. Middleton
W. Middleton
Copgrove ,,
1700
J. Dalton
Bev. J. Dalton
Poppleton ,,
1881
H. J. Wilkinson
H. J. Wilkinson
531. Myrrhis odorata, Scop.
Pastures, dec., from South Wales to
Caithness.
Distrib. From France, S. and E. to
Caucasus.
Sp. Knaresboro’, Yorks.
1700
J. Dalton
Bev. J. Dalton
Gilla Leys, Castle Howard, Yorks....
1810
B. Spruce
H. J. Wilkinson
Eskdale, N.E. Yorks.
1800
W. Middleton
W. Middleton
Thorp Arch ,,
1810
S. Hailstone
S. Hailstone
532. Ghaerophyllum temulum,
Linn.
Fields and waste places, from Caithness,
southwards.
Distrib. Europe, Caucasus, N. Africa.
Sp. Copgrovc, Yorks.
York .
Thorp Arcli, Yorks _
533. Scandix pecten- veneris,
Linn.
A cornfield weed, from Caithness, south¬
wards.
Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia.
Sp. Copgrovc, Yorks.
Hesliugton ,,
Thorp Arch ,,
534. Anthriscus vulgaris, Pers
llcdejclanhs, etc., Shetland to Channel
Islands.
Disti'ib. Europe, N. Africa, Siberia.
Sp. Ripen, Yorks.
Copgrovc ,,
535. Anthriscus sylvestris,
Hoffm.
Iled/jcbanks, iCc., Shetland to Channel
Islands.
Distrib. Europe (Arctic), Caucasus, N.
Asia.
Sp. Copgrovc, Yorks. ...
Thorp Arch ,,
538 Anthriscus cerefolium,
Hoffm. Alien.
Sp. AATialley Abbey, Lancs.
Date.
Collector.
Herbarium.
1790
J. Dalton
Rev. J. Dalton
1806
AY. Middleton
AV. Middleton
1810
S. Hailstone
S. Hailstone
1790
J. Dalton
Rev. J. Dalton
1806
AY. Middleton
AAC Middleton
1810
S. Hailstone
S. Hailstone
1800
AAr. Brunton
S. Hailstone
1790
J. Dalton
&
Rev. J. Dalton
1790
J. Dalton
Rev. J. Dalton
1 1810
S. Hailstone
S. Hailstone
1807
S. Hailstone
S. Hailstone
73
Date.
Collector.
537. Seseli libanotis, Koch.
i
i
Chalk hills, dc., Sussex, Cambridge, dc.
|
Distrib. Europe (Arctic), W. Asia.
Sp. Hinton, Cambs.
1786
J. Dalton
Hinton ,,
1830
Prof. Henslow
Gogmagog Hills, Cambs. ...
1840
S. Hailstone
538. Foeniculum officinale, All.
|
Sea cliffs, dc\, North T Yales, Norfolk,
and Cornwall.
Distrib. From Belgium, southwards,
|
1
1
N. Africa.
Sp. Near Carnarvon, Wales
1840
S. Hailstone
Burgli Castle, Suffolk
1840
Southwick, Sussex ...
1810
J. Dalton
Kent
1804
W. Middleton
Burwell Pit, Cambs...
1830
J. Dalton
539. Orithmum maritimum,
Linn.
Maritime rocks, from Apr, southwards.
Distrib. Coasts of N. Atlantic, Mediter¬
ranean, &c.
Sp. Dover Cliffs, Kent ...
1806
D. Turner
Torquay, Devon
1826
J. Dalton
Hastings, Sussex
1830
S. Hailstone
.
540. CEnanthe fistulosa, Linn.
Ditches, dc.,from Apr, southwards.
Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia.
•
Sp. Knavesmire, York ...
1806
S. Hailstone
Copgrove, Yorks.
1790
J. Dalton
Clifton logs, York ...
1881
H. J. Wilkinson
Herbarium.
Rev. J. Dalton
> y
S. Hailstone
S. Hailstone
5 J
Rev. J. Dalton
W. Middleton
Rev. J. Dalton
Rev. J. Dalton
n
S. Hailstone
S. Hailstone
Rev. J. Dalton
H. J. Wilkinson
74
541. CEnanthe pimpinelloid.es,
Linn.
Meadows and banks , from Worcester to
Cornwall .
Distrib. Europe, from Belgium, south¬
wards.
Sp. Christchurch, Hants
542. CEnanthe peucedanifolia,
Poll.
Moist meadows and ditches, Xotts to
Kent.
Distrib. S. Europe to the Caspian.
Sp. Godaltning, Surrey ...
543. CEnanthe lachenalii,
Gmel.
Marches, from Argyll, southwards.
Distrib. From Denmark, southwards.
Sp. Copgrove, Yorks.
(sub-nom pimpinelloides)
Yarmouth, Norfolk ...
Sutton Wharf, Leicestershire
544. CEnanthe crocata, Linn.
Marshes and ditches, from Dioss, south¬
wards.
Distrib. From France to Spain.
Sp. Eccleshill
Leeds & Liverpool Canal, near Silsden,
Y orks . ... ... ... ...
Date.
Collector.
Herbarium.
1885
H. Fisher
H. J. Wilkinson
1847
J. D. Salmon
S. Hailstone
1790
J. Dalton
Rev. J. Dalton
1840
(1840)
J. Fitt
Rev. A. Bloxam
S. Hailstone
5 J
1800
S. Hailstone
S. Hailstone
1881
1884
j >
W. Kirkby
j >
H. J. Wilkinson
Adel, near Leeds, Yorks.
II. J. Wilkinson
545. CE nan the pliellandrium,
Lamk.
Herbarium.
Date. i Collector.
Ponds and ditches, Haddington , south¬
wards.
Diet rib. Europe and Siberia.
Sp. Copgrovc, Yorks. ...
1700
J. Dalton
Rev. J. Dalton
Searboro’ ,,
1813
S. Hailstone
S. Hailstone
York
1800
W. Middleton
W. Middleton
In the River Foss, Huntington, York
1881
H. J. Wilkinson
H. J. Wilkinson
546. iSthusa cynapium, Linn,
A weed in cultivated ground.
Distrib. Europe and Siberia.
Sp. York
1780
J. Dalton
Rev. J. Dalton
Hesllngton, Yorks. ...
*
1803
S. Hailstone
S. Hailstone
Strensall ,,
1806
W. Middleton
W. Middleton
547. Silaus pratensis, Besser.
i) [endows, etc., from Fife to Kent.
Distrib. Finland to Hungary.
Sp. Coatliam, N.E. Yorks.
1790
S. Hailstone
S. Hailstone
Copgrove ,, .
1700
J. Dalton
Rev. J. Dalton
Gargrave, Skipton ,,
] 806
S. Hailstone
S. Hailstone
Clifton Ings, York ...
1837
O. A. Moore
Moore
548. Meum athamanticnm,
Jacq.
Alpine pastures, from T Vales and York¬
shire to Ab rdccn.
Distrib. Mountains of West Europe.
Sp. Westmoreland
1808
J. Dalton
Rev. J. Dalton
Bracmar, Aberdeen...
1830
Dr. Greville
j j
76
549. Ligusticum scoticum,
Linn.
Rocky coasts, Shetland to Northumber¬
land.
Dislrib. Europe (Arctic), from Den¬
mark, southwards.
Sp. Queensferry, Fifeshire
Date.
1809
Collector.
W. J. Hooker
550. Angelica sylvestris, Linn.
Damp copses and banks of streams, Shet¬
land, southwards.
Distrib. Europe (Arctic), N. & W. Asia.
Sp. Bottisham, Cambs. ...
1813
S. Hailstone
Copgrove, York
1791
J. Dalton
551. Peucedanum officinale,
Linn.
Salt marshes, Kent, Essex, dc.
Distrib. Belgium, southwards.
Sp. Faversham, Kent ...
1838
D. Cooper
Whitstable ,,
1811
J. Dalton
552. Peucedanum palustre,
Moench.
Marshes, York, Lincoln, and Eastern
Counties.
Distrib. Europe, Siberia, &c.
Sp. Prickwillow, Cambs.
1800
Dr. Goodenough
Beverley, Yorks.
1796
Col. Machell
Thorne Moor ,,
1810
0. A. Moore
553. Peucedanum ostruthium,
Koch.
Moist meadows (Naturalized) .
Sp. On the left of the road iu a small
field beyond Middleton, towards
Manchester, Lancs.
1806
S. Hailstone
Hawes, Wensleydale, Yorks.
1810
J. Backhouse
Herbarium.
Rev. *J. Dalton
S. Hailstone
Rev. J. Dalton
S. Hailstone
Rev. J. Dalton
Rev. J. Dalton
5 J
0. A. Moore
S. Hailstone
77
554. Peucedanum sativum,
Benth.
Roadsides dc waste places (Wild parsnip).
Distrib. Europe, Siberia, &c.
Sp. Near Lytharn, Lancs.
Date.
1800
Collector.
S. Hailstone
Newark, Notts.
1809
5?
Bottishara, Cambs. ...
1813
5 J
Summer Castle, Lincolns. ...
1820
J. Dalton
555. Heracleum sphondylium,
Linn.
Moist woods and meadows, from Shetland
to Channel Islands.
Distrib. Europe, N. Africa.
Sp. York
180G
S. Hailstone
Copgrove, York
1790
J. Dalton
556. Tordylium maximum,
Linn. Alien.
Sp. Oxford
1800
D. Turner
557. Daucus carota, Linn.
Carrot. Fields, roadsides, ct'C.
Sp. Coatham, N.E. Yorks.
1799
S. Hailstone
Bramham Moor ,,
1840
> »
558. Daucus gummifer,
Lamk.
Sp. Hastings, Sussex ...
1834
S. Hailstone, jun.
559. Caucalis latifolia, Linn.
Cornfields, Cambridge and Somerset.
Distrib. Belgium, southwards, N. & W.
Asia.
Sp. Somersetshire
1837
M. B. Ward
Herbarium.
S. Hailstone
J >
Rev. J. Dalton
S. Hailstone
Rev. J. Dalton
Rev. J. Dalton
S. Hailstone
5 J
S. Hailstone
S. Hailstone
78
560. Caucalis daucoides, Linn
Chalky fields, Durham, Kent, Somerset.
Distrib. Denmark, southward, N. Africa
Sp. Tanfield, Yorks.
Cornfields, Hildenley Wood, Yorks...
In the hedge by the roadside near
the Inu at Barmby Moor, Yorks...
561. Cancalis arvensis, Huds.
Fields, waste places, from York, south¬
wards.
Distrib. Belgium, southward, N. Africa
Sp. Cornfields, Ripon, Yorks. ...
Stetchworth, Cambs.
562. Cancalis anthriscus,
Huds.
Hedges, waste places, from Caithness to
Channel Islands.
Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia.
Sp. Copgrove, Yorks. ...
Horton, Bradford, Yorks. ...
563. Caucalis nodosa, Scop.
Dry banks, from Banff, southwards.
Distrib. Denmark, southwards, West
Africa, W. Asia.
Sp. Coatham, N.E. Yorks.
Heslington, Y ork
Poppleton ,,
Copgrove, Yorks.
Date.
Collector.
Herbarium.
1803
J. Dalton
Bev. J. Dalton
o
00
1 — 1
W. Middleton
W. Middleton
1820
S. Hailstone
S. Hailstone
1600
W. Bruntou
S. Hailstone
1839
S. Hailstone
J J
1790
J. Dalton
Bev. J. Dalton
1809
S. Hailstone
i
S. Hailstone
&
1799
S. Hailstone
\
S. Hailstone
1800
W. Middleton
W. Middleton
1881
H. J. Wilkinson
II. J. Wilkinson
1790
J. Dalton
Bev. .T. Dalton
“WILLIAM ETTY,”
BY
MISS MOORE.
“ WILLIAM ETTY.”
By Miss MOORE.
IF we accept as unquestionable Carlyle’s dictum that
“ Genius is an immense capacity for taking pains/’ I
think there ought to be no hesitation in assigning to William
Etty a position amongst the great ones of the earth. That he
did attain to distinction during his life-time we know from the
fact of his election to the Royal Academy, and I think it
cannot fail to be of interest to trace the steps by which a
fellow citizen rose to what was to him the height of ambition,
and the public recognition of his merit. He aimed high, and
never allowed any hindrances or even apparent failure to turn
him aside from his chosen path ; his fixity of purpose, his
definiteness of aim, his indomitable perseverance, and his
untiring industry enabled him to carry through his self-
appointed task. His purpose was to become a painter, his
aim was at perfection of form and colour, and his perseverance
and industry not only accomplished his own purpose, but
stimulated and encouraged others.
William Etty was born on March ioth, 1787, at 20, Fease-
gate (now No. 8). His father, Matthew Etty (who was a
native of Holme-on-Spalding Moor), was a miller and ginger¬
bread maker. The mill he rented stood on the Mount, but
has long since disappeared. The mother was Esther
Calverley, daughter of William Calverley, of Hayton, and
sister of Rudstone Calverley Rudstone, who succeeded a
distant relative to the Hayton Estate. At the time of his
marriage the painter’s father was a miller at Hayton, but was
turned out of the mill by the Squire, who disapproved of his
sister’s choice of a husband, and the Ettys went to live first at
Pocklington, then at Eastrington, and finally in 1777 came to
F
82
WILLIAM ETTY.
York. The painter was the seventh child of a family of ten,
of whom five died in infancy. The mother was a woman of
superior intellect and decision of character, with some taste
for design, which from lack of opportunity was not developed.
She had also great business capacity, and her husband left in
her hands the management of affairs. He seems to have been
fairly well educated, but not brilliant, and with some sense of
humour. In personal appearance, the painter resembled his
father, being of a short, broad, and somewhat heavy build.
The mother, according to Sir Thomas Lawrence, had the face
of a Madonna.
The painter’s first school was Mistress Mason’s, in Fease-
gate, where he was sent at the age of three or four, then, from
his eighth to his tenth year he was at the Bedern School under
a Mr. Shepherd. He was a very quiet boy, shy and reserved,
fond of drawing with anything he could get hold of, from a
piece of coal to chalk, and on any available surface. At home
he was gentle and affectionate, and devoted to his mother.
There is no doubt that the surroundings of the boy had great
influence on him, as we shall readily understand, if we try to
realize what York must have looked like in his boyhood, before
the days of jerry-builders and so-called improvements. The
Minster, as yet untouched by fire or restoration, the old
Gothic bridge with the beautiful Norman Chapel, the grey
walls surrounding the city, the old churches, the beautiful
lines of the old houses, the printseller’s shops (photography as
yet unknown), and the natural beauties which he always so
keenly enjoyed, the river, the trees on the New Walk, grid, not
least, the gorgeous sunsets, all had their share in developing
the artistic instincts of the boy. And, we know too, from his
own words what an effect the windows of the Minster had
upon him, he was never weary of gazing on their beauty, and
speaks of them again and again in his letters down to the end
of his life with an almost personal affection, and there can be
little doubt of the influence they had in developing his sense of
colour. Etty’s parents were Methodists from conviction, but
though at first lie w-ent to chapel with them he soon began to
go from choice to the parish Church, or to the Minster,
attracted no doubt by the music and the beautiful building.
WILLIAM ETTY.
S3
The last two years of Etty’s school-life were spent at
Pocklington, at Mr. Hall’s school, where he was a weekly
boarder, finding himself in food. His grandmother Calverley
was still living at Hayton, and on his visits to her he had the
opportunity of seeing and admiring the fine old Hall, which
was pulled down about twenty years later. On leaving
Pocklington, Etty went to Hull, to be apprenticed to Peck, the
printer, on the 8th of October, 1798, at the age of eleven-and-
a-half years, and entered upon what proved to be a seven
years’ drudgery, even Sundays were in part work-days, for the
“ Hull Packet” came out on Mondays. He seems to have
made no opposition to the arrangement though the purpose of
his life remained unchanged, and every spare moment he had
was devoted to drawing. Sometimes he would make on the
wall a hasty sketch of a printer’s bodkin, and then ask a
fellow apprentice “ to reach him that bodkin from the mantel.”
Before long, however, his elder brother, Walter, recognizing
the genius in these rough sketches, arranged with Peck that
the boy was to be free to follow his pursuit in his recreation
time, and Etty was not slow to take advantage of such
opportunities of self-culture as came within his reach. Though
not yet free to practise himself seriously in his beloved art, the
time of his apprenticeship was by no means wasted. The
discipline alone was of immense advantage, and besides that
he had the opportunity of gaining more book-knowledge than
many painters ever possess, and this supplemented his scanty
education, giving him that ease in writing and in speaking
which in after life enabled him to write and lecture with much
success. A collection of Etty’s drawings of this period has
been preserved by the son of a journeyman in the same office,
named Walker. The subjects are much varied — objects, such
as a pistol, a drum, a palette, a pewter pot, an open knife, or
book, parts of the human figure — then again scenes he had
witnessed, two chimney sweeps fighting, a pan of milk spilled
by a donkey that was carrying it; scenes at the office, or again
fanciful sketches; a sailor in a blue jacket and pigtail capering
on shore, holding aloft his cap and cutlass on occasion of the
Peace (1801), another blue-jacket leaning against a tree looking
on; the death of Bonaparte,” bayonetted by two English
§4
WILLIAM ETTY.
soldiers, and so on. Then came the present from a sailor
brother of his first box of water-colours, which he ground up
in oil, and began to work in this new medium. One of his
earliest oil pictures was “ A Country Church,” painted on a
piece of tin, about six inches square, another “ A Soldier on
Horseback, ” on a piece of brown paper about a foot square.
It speaks much for the honesty which was a distinguishing
characteristic of Etty, that he faithfully served his time at
Hull, though the longing to be free was at times almost
intolerable. He missed too the beauties of his native town,
though there were at that time some few remains of the old
town of Hull still standing. At length the long wished for day
of release dawned, and on October 23rd, 1805, at noon, Etty
received what he always valued as ITs chief testimonial of
honour, the endorsement of his indentures, recording that they
had been faithfully fulfilled to the satisfaction of the master,
and the credit of the apprentice. For three weeks after the
great event Etty worked as a journeyman printer, anxiously
awaiting a summons to London. He had written to his uncle,
a gold-lace merchant, of the firm of Bodley, Etty, and Bodley,
begging his assistance. The uncle hesitated, and Etty wrote
again and again. Finally, by the advice of the junior partner,
the boy was summoned to London, and speedily convinced his
uncle of his powers ; he was “ made at home ” at his uncle’s,
and “ furnished with cash” by his brother, and so the great
City drew to itself one more aspirant for fame.
It was no light task to make up the seven years of his
apprenticeship, but Etty was in earnest, and never allowed
himself to be discouraged by the knowledge that he was so far
behind-hand in the technicalities of his art. He worked hard
for a year, drawing everything he could get bold of, from
prints or nature, or from casts, in the shop kept by Gianelli,
near Smithfield, till a drawing of “ Cupid and Psyche ” from
the Antique, was considered good enough to be taken to Opie,
to whom Etty had an introduction from Mr. Sharp, member
for Hull. Opie passed him on to Fuseli, Keeper of the
Academy, and by him Etty was admitted as student on
January 15th, 1807. Etty’s fellow students at that time, who
nearly all became well-known painters long before he developed
WILLIAM ETTY.
85
his full powers were, Collins, Jackson (Lastingham) Haydon,
Hilton, Wilkie, Mulready, Leslie, Constable, Bailey, and
others, some of whom were already exhibiting. Before
Etty had had any opportunity of proving his capacities he had
thought to paint landscape ; he explained “ the sky was so
beautiful, and the effects of light and cloud,” and then in a few
simple words he unfolds his great purpose. “ When I found
that all the great painters of Antiquity had become thus great
through painting great actions, and the human form, I
resolved to do nothing else. And finding God’s most glorious
work to be Woman, that all human beauty had been concen¬
trated in her, I resolved to dedicate myself to painting — not
the draper’s or milliner’s work, but God’s most glorious work,
more finely than ever had been done.” In order fully to
appreciate Etty’s achievements we must re-call to our minds
the condition of art at the beginning of the nineteenth century.
There were few worthy successors of Hogarth, Reynolds,
Gainsborough, and Romney. Cosway, Flaxman, Fuseli,
Stothard, Srnirke, and Turner stood out from the rest, but
there wras nothing in their style akin to Etty’s genius ;
Lawrence, the portrait painter, was the only living artist with
whom he was at all in sympathy in the early days of his
studentship, and, through the liberality of his uncle, Lawrence
agreed to take the youth as his pupil for one year, on pre¬
payment of a hundred guineas. Etty was allowed to copy
pictures in Lawrence’s studio, and ask his master’s advice
when he was at liberty to attend to him. As a matter of fact
the vacant moments were so few that the student had to
struggle on almost unaided, and after a time well-nigh in
despair, but his indomitable perseverance enabled him to
achieve his purpose, and at length he could copy not only
Lawrence, but the old masters with comparative ease, though
this improved power in handling was his only gain in the
year’s labour. He caught something of Lawrence’s
mannerisms, but these disappeared as his own natural powers
developed. He then resumed his former studies at the
British Gallery from the Old Masters, from nature — heads in
the day, the figure in the evening — never failing at his post in
the Academy Life-School. He occasionally made copies for
86
WILLIAM ETTY.
Lawrence, but the work was not congenial ; he preferred, as
he says, “ to think for himself.”
In 1809 Etty’s kind uncle died, leaving him, however, a
handsome legacy, which was of great service, for he had now
to find a home for himself. His brother continued to help
him when necessary, though it was many years before Etty
was able to re-pay the money so generously supplied. He
worked more strenously than ever, hut at first had no success
in competition for medals, and once again almost gave up in
despair, hut with renewed resolution set to work again to
master the technicalities in which he found himself deficient.
FI e drew from the skeleton, continued his studies from the
Antique and at the Life School, working early and late, till
after six years’ regular study his first picture was accepted
and hung at the Academy in 1811, Tclemachus rescues ihe
Princess A nliope from ihe wild boar. A smaller one, entitled
Sappho, was hung the same year at the British Institution, and
sold for twenty-five guineas. No contemporary criticism is
extant on these exhibits, hut his eariy pictures have been
described as “ black and colourless attempts at ideal subjects.”
H is genius ripened slowly, handicapped by lack of early
training. Erom that time he continued to exhibit regularly,
hut without attracting much attention, adding portraits to his
“ studies ” a year or two later, hut all of small size, 3ft. by 2ft.
pin., 2ft. by 2ft. yin. In 1816, Etty paid his first visit to the
Continent, intending to stay a year in Italy to study, hut he
was away only three months. He was not in good health,
and was besides so terribly home-sick that he was quite unfit
for work. He wrote very interesting accounts of his ex¬
periences on the journey, by way of Rouen and Paris to
Switzerland, and thence into Italy, and despite the many
inconveniences and discomforts of the journey this artist eye
delighted in the beautiful scenery and glorious effects of colour.
He got as far as Florence, and there suddenly resolved to go
back, leaving Rome and Naples unseen. He worked a little
at Florence and Milan, and again a little more in Paris, and
then returned to London, where he settled down to hard work,
gaining ground slowly but surely, painting chiefty classical
subjects. In the Autumn of 1818, at the age of thirty-one, he
WILLIAM ETTY.
87
competed for the medal at the school of painting, and
distanced all competitors by his copy of Titian’s Ganymede, but
for some alleged infringement of the rules it was disqualified,
though the Academy paid him great compliments on his work.
Soon after this first triumph Etty’s father died, leaving
property to the amount of about £goo to his widow.
The first picture of Etty’s which gained any notice from the
critics was a small finished sketch of Pandora, formed by
Vulcan, and crowned by the Seasons (the finished picture 4ft. by
4ft. gin. wras exhibited in 1824, anc^ *s now *n Cie Corporation
Art Gallery at Birmingham). The sketch was exhibited at
the British Institution, and followed in the same year, 1820,
at the Royal Academy by the first free expression of his
original genius, the Coral Finders, Venus and her youthful
satellites arriving at the Isle of Paphos, described as a most
poetic achievement. It sold at once for £30. After the
painter's death it was sold at Christie’s for £37 o. At that
time Etty was living in Surrey Street, Strand, but removed
soon after to No. 16, Stangate Walk, Westminster Bridge,
still near the river, and there he remained five years.
The year 1821 saw the completion of the “Cleopatra,” of
which Leslie speaks as that “ splendid composition ” which
w7as the revelation of Etty’s true genius. It was a most
ambitious picture, an attempt to pourtray on canvass the
glowing words of Plutarch on “ Cleopatra’s Arrrival in Cilicia."
“ She sailed along the river Cydnus in a magnificent galley.
The stern was covered with gold. The sails were of purple,
and the oars of silver. These in their motion kept time to the
music of flutes and pipes and harps. The Queen, in the dress
and character of Venus, lay under a canopy embroidered with
gold ; while boys, like painted Cupids, stood fanning her, on
each side of the sofa. Her maids, habited like the Nereides
and the Graces, assisted in the steerage and conduct of the
vessel. The fragrance of incense, vast quantities of which
were burnt on the deck, was diffused along the shores, which
were covered with multitudes of people.”
The picture was bought by Sir Francis Freeling, it is said
for £200, but there is reason to believe the actual payment was
less. After the death of the painter £1,000 was paid for it by
88
WILLIAM ETTY.
Mr. Labouchere. A number of small pictures followed, chiefly
fanciful in design, but very carefully finished. In 1822, Etty
once more started for Italy, intending to make a stay of six
months, which was eventually extended to two years. This
time he was able to see the galleries of the Louvre, which had
been closed on his earlier visit, and was deeply impressed with
the almost overpowering magnificence of the building and its
priceless contents, Rubens and the painters of the Venetian
School arousing his most keen admiration. After a short stay
in Paris, he continued his journey with halts at Geneva, Milan,
and Ifiorence, and at length after enduring much discomfort
arrived at Rome on the 15th of August, perhaps the worst
season of the year for an Englishman, but he was determined
not to fail this time, “ even,” he says, “ should it cost me my
life.” His letters, especially those to Sir Thomas Lawrence,
give vivid and interesting accounts of his visits to the sights of
Rome. He was so truly an artist that beauty of every kind
appealed to him, whether of colour, form, proportion or sound ;
he admired the paintings of Michael Angelo and Raphael, the
sculptures in the Vatican, the vast cathedral of S. Peter, and
the beautiful music, not forgetting too, the beauties of nature.
He went about with his friend Bonomi, and spent some time
in sketching from Michael Angelo. He next visited Naples,
and stayed three weeks, sight-seeing and drawing industriously
at the Museum from the Antiques of Plerculaneum and
Pompeii. He also made the ascent of Vesuvius, visited the
beautiful Bay of Baiae, and explored the excavations at
Herculaneum and Pompeii. He then returned to Rome and
set to work in good earnest, studying, copying, sight-seeing,
and enjoying the society of his fellow-countrymen, among
whom were Severn (the friend of Reats), Kirkup, Eastlake,
and others. His stay was not long, by the end of October he
was again moving, intending to go straight home, but
eventually stopping at Venice. As on the occasion of his first
foreign trip, Etty was suffering from love-sickness. He had
an artist’s impressionable nature, but was not successful in his
love-making, his somewhat uncouth and slovenly appearance
did not commend itself to those who could not discern the
real man under the rough exterior. He suffered acutely till
WILLIAM ETTY.
89
suspense was over, and he knew the worst, then he quickly
made up his mind to his fate, and devoted himself once more
to his beloved Art, and after a time was even able to write of
his troubles in quaintly humorous fashion to his friend Bodley,
“ I have been so often and unprofitably in love, I have serious
thoughts of paying my addresses to my Tea-Kettle. I have
found her a very warm friend. She sings, too. And you
know how fond I am of music. I have heard a thousand tunes
more unpleasant than hers. On a winter’s night, after a well-
spent day, with a volume of old poetry, Shakspere, Milton,
Spenser, — a volume of Dr. Johnson, or a new Scottish novel,
when the wind is blowing, and pattering the rain against one’s
window, then, sweet is the song of the Kettle ; sweeter to a
studious man, than a crying child or scolding wife. However,
I must consider seriously before I offer her my hand, lest she
should burn it.” Etty was almost as much addicted to tea¬
drinking as Dr. Johnson, and invariably carried tea with him
on his travels.
His stay in Venice lasted more than a year, during the
whole of which time he worked unceasingly, studying at the
Academy, copying from pictures in the Gallery, and in the
intervals seeing the sights of Venice. He astonished the
Italians by the rapidity of his execution, and by his fine copies
of the great masters, they declared that he painted with the
fury of a devil, and the sweetness of an angel. He literally
gloried in the gorgeous colouring of Titian, Tintoretto, and
Veronese, and never rested till he had completed the number
of copies he originally designed to make, thirty studies in oil
after the Venetian School, and twenty in oil of Academic
figures. Of the thirty copies, thirteen were from Veronese,
nine from Tintoretto, three from Titian, two from Bonifazio.
To Etty in after years they were invaluable, and he never
forgot that he owed them to the generous liberality of his
brother Walter, who, anxious for the painter’s improvement,
continued to supply him with funds. His next ambition was
to secure a copy of Titian’s Venus, at Florence, which after
much difficulty he was able to accomplish, of the size of the
original. He sent it to England by sea, insuring it for £1 00.
In later life he used to insure it for £ 200 and £300. From
9°
WILLIAM ETTY.
Florence he returned to Venice, stayed two months and then
started for England with his precious studies, the cause of
many disputes at the different custom-houses. However,
British determination prevailed, and in the end the pictures
were safely passed. After a short stay in Paris for further
study he returned to London, and at once began a picture for
the Academy, the “ Pandora ” already mentioned, bought by
Sir Thomas Lawrence. In the summer of this year (1824),
Etty made his last move in London to Buckingham Street,
Strand. His mother went to help him, taking with her the
niece, who for the next twenty-five years was Etty’s “ Right-
11 and.” On October, the 29th, Etty was elected Associate of
the Royal Academy, at the age of thirty-seven.
He now began to work on the first of the “ Three Times
Three ” colossal historical pictures, which it was his ambition
to paint. It is called “ The Combat, or Woman interceding
for the Vanquished/’ It was exhibited at the Academy, and
universally admired. The price Etty put on it was three
hundred guineas, at which it was bought by Martin, the
painter.
In the autumn of 1825, Etty after a long absence paid a
visit to his native city, and began to show that active interest
in the preservation of its antiquities, for which we owe him a
great debt of gratitude, coupled with a feeling of regret that
the example he set should not have been continuously followed.
His indignation was first roused by hearing that the County
had purchased Clifford’s Tower, and the beautiful site on
which it stood, for the purpose of enlarging the prisons of the
Castle. He at once bestirred himself in the matter, with the
result that ‘‘the Tower was not actually pulled down, only
stifled as it were, amid a huge and hideous array of Castellated
prison-walls, enclosing the Castle precincts.”
The spirit of Vandalism which thus roused the painter was
literally rampant during the first half of the nineteenth
century, and can scarcely be described as dormant at the
present time. It sounds like a veritable death-roll to read of
one relic of the past after another, “ taken down, so and so,”
in some instances leaving no trace behind, not even preserved
in prints ; for example, the Skeldergate Postern. Truly the
WILLIAM ETTY.
91
city fathers have played the part of step-fathers, and we have
still to deplore that the example thus set has been only too
closely followed. Were it not well to require that each
candidate for municipal election should pledge himself to
preserve, and not to destroy, the antiquities of our city. Such a
policy of destruction, under the guise of “improvement,” is
eminently short-sighted, for if all that attracts strangers to the
city is demolished, there will no longer be anything to
distinguish York from modern towns, and business must
necessarily suffer.
From the year 1825, Etty’s visits to York became more and
more frequent till they grew to be an annual event, and he
had either a permanent lodging or a house. He lived at
different times on the Mount, in Gillygate, in Marygate (in a
cottage near the river), in Gray’s Court, in Strickland’s Court
(Blake Street), finally at S. Martin’s House, Coney Street,
which he bought in order to be near his beloved river, and
from whence he loved to watch the gorgeous sunsets, which
*
arc still one of the sights of York.
On February 19th, 1828, Etty was elected R.A. It was
always with him a subject of just pride that he was elected
solely on the score of merit, and he maintained that such
elections should be the rule. He was chosen in place of
Flaxman, whom he greatly admired, and who by a curious
coincidence was born at York, though not brought up here.
The newly-chosen R.A. was not indifferent to the hardly-won
honour, the delight with which he announced the great news
to his relations and friends was genuine and almost boyish in
its hilarity, he had reached one of the highest pinnacles of his
ambition, the recognition of his abilities.
It may be well to give here some account of the great
“ Three Times Three ” historical pictures, partly because of
the devotion of the painter to his self-imposed task, and partly
because his election was directly owing to the first of the
series, the Combat, which has already been mentioned,
measuring in height 10ft. 4m., and in width 13ft. 3m. The
next was Judith and Holof ernes, the scene depicted from the
words “ Then came she to the pillar of the bed, which was at
Holofernes’ head, and took down his falchion from thence.
92
WILLIAM ETTY.
And approached to his bed, and took hold of the hair of his
head, and said, ‘Strengthen me O Lord God of Israel.
(Judith xiii, 5,6). This was painted in 1827, and exhibited at
the Royal Academy and at the British Institution. The size
is 11ft. ioin. by 15ft. It was eventually purchased for 500
guineas by the Council of the Scottish Academy, with its
pendants, Judith with the head of Holof ernes, 1830, and The
Maid of Judith waiting outside the tent of Holcfernes, 1831.
The fifth, Benaiah, one of David's chief captains (12ft. by 14ft.),
had been painted in 1829. This and the Combat were also
purchased by the Scottish Academy, the latter from Mr.
Martin at the original price, and the Benaiah for 130 guineas,
including a costly frame. The whole series now hang in the
Dome room of the Scottish Academy at Edinburgh. The
sixth colossal picture was Ulysses and the Sirens, 14ft. 6in. by
about 10ft. high, containing twenty figures, begun in 1836,
exhibited the following year at the Academy, and sold along
with Delilah for the sum of £250 to a Mr. Grant, of Manchester,
and eventually presented by his brother to the Manchester
Institution where it still remains. The other three large
pictures were exhibited in 1847, three scenes from the history
of Joan of Arc, the first in the church of St. Catherine de
Fierbois, where she finds the sword — the second, making a
Sortie from the Gates of Orleans ; and the third, the
Martyrdom at Rouen. The three were sold for £2,500.
Each picture was designed by the painter to exhibit some
virtue or moral quality. The Combat illustrating mercy — the
Benaiah, courage — the Sirens, control of the passions — the
Judiths, patriotism and self-sacrifice to one's country, one’s
people, and one’s God — the Joan of Arc, religion, loyalty, and
faith. The labour bestowed on them was immense, the
preparation long and careful, and the completion taxed Etty's
failing powers severely. After his election to the Academy he
still continued his regular attendance at the Life School, no
doubt greatly to his own benefit, and at the same time
affording an encouraging example to the younger students.
It was in this same year, 1828, that the proposal was first made
to remove the York City Walls, which roused not only Etty,
but his friends, Professor Phillips, Mr. Wellbeloved, Dr.
WILLIAM ETTY.
93
Atkinson, and Mr. Brook to take active measures for their
preservation. A York Association for the Preservation of
Footpaths was formed, Etty wrote to all the local papers, his
friend, Sidney Taylor, brought the matter forward in the
London Herald, the ladies of York took up the matter, and a
subscription of £3,000 was raised, including a handsome sum
from another Yorkshireman, Sir Francis Chantrey. Valuable
help was also given by the Yorkshire Philosophical Society,
then in its infancy, which had done itself and Etty the honour
of electing him Honorary Member. With the sum thus
provided the Micklegate Walls were restored, and a small
portion of the Walmgate Walls, the Corporation voting a
grant of £100. But they were only checked. Not content
with having in 1820 mutilated the Barbicans of Micklegate,
Monk, and Walmgate Bars, they had altogether removed the
Micklegate Barbican in 1826, in spite of protests from Flax,
man, Stothard, and Sir Walter Scott, and in 1831 passed a
resolution to take down Bootham Bar. Etty once more came
to the rescue, promised a subscription, which he could ill
afford ; £300 was raised, and the Bar was saved, but the
Barbican was destroyed. One side of the Bar dating from
the time of Charles IF was pulled down and put up like the
other !
Another controversy about the walls occurred in 1839, on
the occasion of the introduction of the Railway. The Bill
had been passed unknown to Etty, and his distress at the sight
of the breach was very great. Through his efforts the
Corporation was induced to devote £500 of the compensation
received from the Railway Company towards the restoration of
the Walmgate Walls, and eventually, with the help of subs¬
criptions, of the Walmgate Barbican. Another matter in
which Etty played an important part was the restoration of
the Minster after the fire of 1829. A very large subscription
was raised, £60,000, more than enough to re-place what had
been destroyed, and the Dean and Chapter proposed to set
back the Organ Screen in order to uncover the bases of the
pillars supporting the Central Tower ; it would have been
necessary to reduce the Screen both in length 'and height, and
moreover it was afterwards admitted, that once taken down,
94
WILLIAM ETTY.
it could not have been set up again. The subscribers objected
to such mutilation, Etty threw his whole weight into the scale
against the scheme, writing indignant letters to the papers,
calling meetings, and using all his eloquence to avert the
threatened disfigurement of his beloved Minster. Finally, the
Dean and Chapter yielded to the wishes of the majority of the
subscribers, and the counsel of Archbishop Harcourt “ to
cultivate peace, rather than gratify taste !” In the endeavour
to save the buildings near the Minster, Etty was less success¬
ful, the whole of the old surroundings have been swept away,
with the exception of those at the East end, and the College
Street entrance to the Close. Trinity Gateway, too, he could
not save, but he did succeed in saving the Strays.
The second fire at the Minster in 184c was a crushing blow
to the painter, and for three whole days he was unable to work
at his pictures. Then he roused himself, and with renewed
energy did what he could for the restoration. He came to
York in June, held meetings, which he addressed in the most
moving terms, gave a stirring lecture in the Museum on
“ English Cathedrals, ” and set the example of a liberal
subscription.
York owes to Etty the establishment of the School of Art,
or School of Design as it was originally called. The suggestion
wras first made in 1838, and a paper read by him in the
Museum on the “ Importance of the Arts of Design.” It was
then proposed to use the Hospitium, but that was not found
practicable, and it was not till 1842 that the School was
opened in the building erected for it on the south side of the
Minster, on the site of the Old Deanery. Etty gave valuable
help in the arrangements of the School, and delivered an
address at the opening in which he exhorted the students to
“ industry, patient, persevering, and untiring ; throwing over-
hoard as useless, or worse — mischievous, — all vain notions of
themselves, fostered perhaps by injudicious friends, that they
were geniuses.” He also told them “ to study with accuracy
and care the various objects of Art in the school, but also the
varied forms and colour which nature presents ; the beauty of
plumage in birds, the colours and shapes of shells, flowers, and
plants, both wild and cultivated, to try to express these with a
WILLIAM ETTY.
95
pure, accurate and clear outline, the first essential, without it,
the best colouring is almost a nonentity.
He offered an annual premium of two guineas for a design
for stained glass, and his brother, Captain Etty, also offered
the same amount for “ the best drawing or painting in body
colours, of the wild flowers, weeds, and grasses of an English
hedge bottom, done accurately from the objects in arrangement
as well as in detail.” In the lecture of 1838, Etty expressed
himself very strongly on the wholesale destruction of the old
buildings of York. He says, “ While one stone remains on
another of old York I shall love her. But when such awful
slices are carved out of her, I feel as Churchill said he felt
when he had to alter his poems, 4 It is like cutting away my
own flesh ! ’ ;; I have noticed a practice which I feel sure he
would have deprecated, that of removing the tracery of the
fan-lights over the street doors, and substituting a single pane
of glass, which produces a very bare effect, though it may give
more light.
At the age of fifty-two we learn that the painter on his visit
to York took lessons in perspective from Mr. Moore (the late
Mr. Edwin Moore), and again in the following year. This
branch of study had been somewhat neglected by him as by
other artists, and his taking it up so late in the day is a fresh
instance of his perseverance and humility, for his teacher was
quite a young man.
In 1836 there was an exhibition in York, at which some of
Etty’s characteristic works were shown, two, Adam and Eve ,
and Mars, Venus , and Cupid appeared for the first time, and
before the close he also sent The Family of the Forests,
purchased by his friend, Mr. Harper, the architect of St.
Peter’s School, for £50, and afterwards sold for Y350. Etty’s
prices till quite late in life were very small, not till the last six
or eight years of his life did he begin to reap the substantial
reward of his labours which enabled him after repaying his
brother, to lay by enough to secure his long wished-for home
in York, whither he removed in 1848. Before that time he had
paid more visits to the Continent, but it was not till 1840 that
he was able to make his long-cherished pilgrimage to the land
of Rubens, his best beloved master, whose works he had
g6
WILLIAM ETTY.
hitherto chiefly studied in Paris. The trip only lasted ten
days, and was followed by another the following year; the next
trip was to France to make studies for the Joan of Arc series.
At the Academy, Etty continued his attendances at the Life
School up to the last, even when suffering acutely from
asthma, and when he settled down in York to enjoy his hardly-
earned rest he still continued to paint as long as he could hold
a brush. Like other successful painters he was constantly
being applied to for advice and help by young students, which
he always tried to give, sometimes accompanied by the present
of a drawing. While in London he kept open house on
Tuesdays, in early days beginning with breakfast, but that was
given up latterly as being too exciting. Fuseli, Flaxman,
Stothard, Constable, Hilton, Maclise, Dyce and Herbert, and
many others, with Turner, were always welcome guests.
The year after his retirement to York an exhibition of his
paintings was held in London, at which he was anxious to
have as representative a collection as possible, though from
one cause or another some of his favourites could not be shown.
He personally superintended the arrangement and hanging of
the pictures, thereby securing a well-contrived concord of the
whole, equalling the splendour of the individual works. It
was a great triumph, and at once established Etty’s fame on a
footing it had never before attained, and extended a knowledge
of the Poetic Colourist alike to those who had known nothing
and those who had seen only a few of his works. He stayed
in London till the exhibition closed, visiting it nearly every
day, and attending the Life School till the end of the session.
He waited to superintend the packing and removal of his
beloved pictures, taking silent leave of them with tears in his
eyes, and then came back to York, on September 29th; broken
in health, though still able to totter about the familiar scenes
and paint at times. The end came on November 13th, after a
Anal illness of ten days from congestion of the lungs.
It had always been his wish to be buried in the Minster, he
had often spoken of it, and had sometimes thought of a picture
from his own hand as his monument. His reasons are
touchingly expressed in a letter to his friend Mr. John Bulmer,
written from a sick bed, he says : — “ Lay me by my Bride ;
she who is so lovely to mine eyes, so dear to my heart,
captivating to my imagination ; whose brow is bound round
with rubies, with sapphires, with amethysts, with emeralds ;
WILLIAM ETTY.
97
who lifts her head into the heavens, and seems a fitting ante¬
chamber thereto. To drop metaphoric flights — he continues —
“it is difficult for me to speak coldly on the subject, lay me near
the Choir of the Minster, in or as near to the little South
Transept (which is near the flight of steps to the altar), as is
possible. My desire to be buried in the Minster of York is not,
I am desirous to believe, from ostentation, but from the true
love I bear that glorious, that holy work, that splendid
monument of the piety and power of the past ages ; when the
H ouse of God was thought worthy of all the perfection that
man could give it.” His wish was not carried out. He had
left no directions in his will, and made no provision for the sum
it would cost, /500. No one seems to have come forward with
a proposal to grant the honour to his remains, and so he was
laid, as we know, in S. Olave’s churchyard, near to the ruins
of the once glorious Abbey. The funeral was a public one,
attended by the Lord Mayor and Corporation, and the School
of Design, as well as by a large number of friends and fellow-
citizens. The grave, as Professor Phillips informed Etty’s
biographer, was a Roman one, and a small earthenware vase
was found in it, which was presented to Professor Phillips.
Beyond the tombstone, and one light of a window in the north
aisle of S. Olave's Church, there are, I believe, no public
memorials of Etty in his native city. Of his art, it has not
been my intention to do more than give a general idea ; he has
been called an anachronism, he drew his inspiration from the
Past, he was to a great extent his own master, and he founded
no school. His pictures, besides those already mentioned, and
some in the National Gallery and in the South Kensington
Museum, are mostly in private collections. Some of his best
portraits are in York. The one of Mr. James Atkinson,
belonging to the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, is, I believe,
considered his finest work of the kind.
In bringing to a conclusion what I cannot but feel is a very
imperfect sketch of a great man, I would earnestly impress on
the citizens of York the noble example he set in reverent care
for his native city, and trust, that recognising the inestimable
value of the glorious heritage they have received from the past,
while mindful of the needs of the present, they will not ignore
the claims of posterity, and constantly endeavour to preserve
from destruction and decay the priceless historic treasures of
our ancient city.
G
98
The Hospital of St. Peter, York.
By GEO. BENSON.
THE Hospital of St. Peter owes its foundation to King
Athelstan, who, returning from the famous battle of
Brunnanburgh, came to York and returned thanks to God in
the Minster for his great victory. He observed in the Minster
some poor religious people called Culdees devoted to works of
charity, and on enquiry found their work was greatly hindered
owing to want of means; so the King granted to God, St.
Peter, and the Culdees, a piece of ground on which they might
erect a hospital, and added for the support of it one thrave of
corn out of each plough going in the See of York. The piece
of ground which Athelstan granted to the Culdees of the
Minster is that on which the Theatre Royal stands. On the
site buildings were erected, probably of timber, for the Hospital.
The sheaves of corn were part of the King’s income from this
district, the taxes and customary payments were made in kind
and at York there would be the King’s granary in which to
store them. It is stated the King received these thraves in
recompense for his destruction of wolves in the district, and
that he had twenty sheaves of corn out of each plough-land to
maintain his hounds.
At York Athelstan coined silver pennies, the reverse of some
have a rude representation of the Minster front.
The timber buildings for the Hospital would be destroyed in
the great fire of 1069 which devoured the Minster Library and
damaged the Minster.
Thomas of Bayeux, when he became Archbishop of York,
restored the Minster, and seems to have rebuilt the Hospital
with stone. He induced William the Conqueror to give them
some land on the western side of their Hospital, and also got
the King to confirm the gift of the thraves of corn. The good
deeds of the Culdees were recognised. When the Conqueror
THE HOSPITAL OF ST. PETER, YORK.
99
in his revenge had laid waste the land in this district and the
north, a great famine arose, but the Culdees, out of their
revenues, did many good deeds to the poor, by reason of which
many rich and noble men gave them lands, possessions, and
money.
King William II. enlarged the site of St. Peter’s Hospital.
PTom the hospital or almshouse for the poor on the King’s
Waste it now stretched to the King’s Place where, as late as
the time of Henry V., there were many houses standing which
were anciently employed to the King’s use. William II. built
a church for the Hospital and dedicated it to St. Peter.
The Close of the establishment was extended to the banks
of the river by King Henry I., who also gave a common in
Galtres Forest with pasture for all their cattle, wood to burn,
and timber for building.
King Stephen at his own charge built a church for the
Hospital on the part of their close adjoining the King’s Street.
The church was dedicated to St. Leonard, and the King also
changed the name of the Hospital from St. Peter to St.
Leonard. From this time, the Hospital under royal patronage
became independent of the Minster.
The Hospital was surrendered on December ist, 1539. The
buildings and site passed through various hands until 1675,
when these were bought by the Corporation for £ 800 . In
i75°, Joseph Baker leased the buildings of St. Peter’s Hospital
and erected a small theatre. Fifteen years later it was
extended. In 1807, that part of the cloister sketched by
Joseph Halfpenny and published in his “ Fragmenta Vetusta,”
was perfect and remained so till about 1835, when it was cut
through for a new staircase to the boxes of the theatre from
the newly formed street of St. Leonards.
Some fourteen years ago the Corporation, in making altera¬
tions, destroyed the greater part of the cloister, and last
December saw all the remains cleared away, except one bay,
which will be preserved. A column, including base and cap is
now in the cloisters of St. Leonards.
The cloister or undercroft of St. Peters Hospital is of
Norman work, plain pointed arches of worked stone spring
from the scolloped capitals of columns and wall piers enclosing
g 2
TOO
THE HOSPITAL OF ST. PETER’S, YORK.
a square area, and this space within four arches is covered
with rubble work, having plain diagonal groins intersecting
each other and rising to a keystone in the centre 13 ft. 8 in.
from floor. The north wall is 2 ft. 5 in. in thickness, and is
built of rubble in mortar, faced both sides with worked stone
7 in. deep and 12 in. high, and about 14 in. long, with J in. joints.
A few deep red bricks, 10J in. by 5 in. by 2 in., were embedded
in the rubble. The exterior of the wall was strengthened by
bold buttresses 4 ft. wide and projecting above 3 ft., and having
on the face a set-off formed with a 4 in. chamfer, some 10 ft.
above ground. Views of the three wall pilasters on the interior
are given, taken from photographs by Mr. Watson.
The part sketched by Halfpenny consisted of two aisles
divided by a row of five short columns, opposite to which are
flat pilasters to the walls. This apartment running north to
south, was 81ft. Gin. in length, and about 26ft. wide. The
long eastern side and the southern side were filled in between
the pilasters, indicating a continuance beyond. On the eastern
side a portion has been revealed by the excavations and shows
the cloister extended that way 26 ft. and southerly for 40 ft. 6 in.,
and thus in form ‘ L’ shaped. This portion may have continued
southwards, but any trace of continuance would be removed if
it was the site of the small theatre of 1750. It is possible that
the cloister was one apartment seven bays in length, and four
in breadth, if so, it would have an internal length of 96 ft. with
a width of 53 ft., and its eighteen columns and square piers
would give it a sturdy appearance. There is a large quantity
of old limestone re-used in the house at the corner of St.
Leonards and Duncombe Street, which was no doubt taken
from the Hospital of St. Peter.
Fragments of early wall shaft bases have been found, one is
identical with that figured by John Browne in his great work
on York Minster, Plate III., figure 5, and given as the profile
of some bases. This shows a close connection between the
Minster and the Hospital. These fragments may be remains
of wall arcading to the upper floor.
The Chapel would be on the upper floor, a couple of carved
stones were revealed which may have belonged to the Chapel,
one seemingly an arch stone has the chevron ornament, whilst
THE HOSPITAL OF ST. PETER, YORK.
IOI
the other with sunk star and bead between may be part of a
string course, see Plate III. Many ecclesiastical buildings
were of two stories ; two in York remain, St. Leonard’s
Hospital and the Archbishop’s Chapel, now the Minster
Library. Of secular buildings, the Chapel in Clifford’s Tower
is on the upper floor, over the entrance.
The Well of the Hospital of St. Peter was originally in the
grounds on the eastern side of the cloister, now it is on the
stage of the Theatre Royal. It is oval in shape, 2 ft. by 2 ft.
6 in., built of magnesian limestone in courses varying from
7 to 11 in. deep, for a depth of 15 ft. 6 in. The deepest stone
course is chamfered, and rests on a timber foundation, the
timbers are 12 in. deep in layers and enclose a square 2 ft.
10 in. to a depth of 10 ft. 6 in. The Well was cleared, but
nothing of interest was revealed.
On Plate I. is a plan of the Hospital, the dotted line
indicating what may have been its original extent. The
letters A, B, and C, refer to the wall pilasters, of which views
are given on Plate IV. The section is from west to east and
gives two vaulted bays, wall pilaster C, opening in east wall,
and position of Well outside the building.
Towards the street is shown the Lodge, having the lower
apartment, 16 ft. 10 in. wide, covered with a segmental barrel
vault rising 7 ft. 3 in. at centre above its springing from a
chamfered string course. The vaulting was divided into bays
11 ft. apart by a chamfered arch or arches rising from corbels
forming a continuation of the chamfered string course. In
the centre of north wall is a chamfered window with flat head
having an exterior opening 12 in. wide by 2ft. 6 in. high. In
the exterior wall on west side and on the upper floor is the
head and one side of a lancet light.
Plate II. is a section from north to south showing buttress
and one vaulted bay of the Hospital cloister. In plate III.
are profiles of bases, each 7 in. high ; the one to the left is
identical with some early bases at the Minster, that to the
right is a column base. The two carved stones are referred
to on page 100. Three mason’s marks are shown, two, A and
B, from wall shaft C, and the other from a column, may be
the wall column shown on plan opposite the one marked C.
102
FURTHER REPORT ON THE
EXCAVATION
OF THE
CHANCEL OF S. MARY’S ABBEY CHURCH.
By W. H. BRIERLEY.
THE excavation of the Choir of S. Mary’s Abbe}7 Church
has been steadily pushed forward during the past year,
and has now reached an interesting stage. The north aisle
(PI. V. AA) has been completely exposed, the north wall (BB)
and the east wall (CC) of the north transept (DD) have been
bared. The fragments of moulded stone from an earlier
church built into the foundation of these walls are of great
interest. On the south side of the north aisle, the excavation
has exposed the foundations of a wall that has evidently at
some time formed the outer wall (EE) of an earlier chancel.
Stow and Gervase of Canterbury, record a great conflagra¬
tion as occurring about the middle of the 12th century, and
mention S. Mary’s Abbey Church amongst the buildings
injured. Mr. Wellbeloved considers that any injury then
sustained must have been of a slight character, and Canon
Raine endorses this assertion. But it seems probable from
the evidence afforded bv the excavated foundations that the
chancel was rebuilt, and that the wall last referred to was
its outer wall. If so, the chroniclers are not without good
warrant for their statement. Still more interesting is the
discovery of the foundation of an apsidal end of a side chapel,
or an aisle, belonging to a still earlier building— probably the
church of which Rufus laid the foundation stone. A further
REPORT ON EXCAVATIONS, ETC.
103
excavation may perhaps reveal traces of the apsidal end of an
early Norman choir. The results of the excavation so far
carried out are certainly such as to encourage us to proceed
with the task of completely clearing as much of the choir as
lies in our property.
The interior side of the east wall (FF) has also been cleared,
and a pit made at the N.E. angle (G) to shew the depth of the
foundation, which is unusually great.
It should be added that with one or two trivial exceptions,
the wall stumps have been left as they were found ; only as
much cement has been used as is necessary to keep the stones
together. Wherever a stone has been inserted, the date 1901
has been cut in the face of it.
Plate V. will give the reader a summary of the results so
far obtained in the course of the excavations.
104
GENERAL NOTES.
DURING this year the foundations for the new N.E.R.
Offices were completed. This necessitated the ex¬
cavation of 3,000 square yards of the ground between Tanner
Row and Tanner’s Moat, the site of Scawin’s Hotel and
some adjacent buildings. This area was dug out to an
average depth of 14 to 27J ft. below the road level. The
nature, and the results, of this excavation will be best under¬
stood by reference to Plate VI., which is a re-production of a
drawing kindly presented to the Society by Mr. Thomas Bell,
the Architect of the new buildings. On the wdiole, the ex¬
cavation was disappointing from an archaeological point of
view. The objects found, Anglian and Roman, were mostly
very imperfect, by no means numerous, and of quite ordinary
type. A good many piles were found, bearing testimony to the
marshy nature of the ground in past times. All objects of
antiquity found were carefully preserved by those in charge of
the work, who took a most intelligent interest in them.
The most interesting discovery during 1901 was that of a
Roman stone coffin found in Sycamore Terrace about 1 ft . 6 in.
from the wall on the S.W. side of Love Lane and half-way
between the end of Bootham Terrace and that of Queen Anne's
Road. The coffin lay almost North and South, with the head to
the North, the lid was little over 1 ft. from the surface. Inside
were the bones of a young woman, who had (as usual) been
buried with her ornaments. The objects found in the coffin
were as follows: — two jet bracelets, 3 in. by \ in. by T% in.,
and 3J in. by \ in. by \ in. ; a bone bracelet, 3X in. by T% in.
by J in., and fragments of at least four other bone bracelets ;
two fragmentary bronze bracelets ; two lockets, one silver and
the other bronze, fin. diameter; two beads of the familiar
GENERAL NOTES.
105
“eye” type, J in. diameter; two clear amber-coloured glass
ornaments, with glass rings — perhaps ear-drops ; 37 blue glass
beads, cubical with bevelled angles, and 34 blue glass discs —
all these together probably forming a necklace ; a beautiful dark
blue glass jug, 4I in. by 2\ in. (in broadest part), the mouth
i\ in. across; a roughly shaped disc of thin whitish glass;
and a bone slip, in four pieces, 5! in. by § in. by in., cut
out so as to leave the letters — (SOR) O (R) AVE VIVAS IN
DEO. These objects are figured on Plate VII., which is
enlarged from a photograph. The inscription, the words of
which will be familiar to all who are conversant with early
epitaphs, proves that the girl thus buried was a Christian.
The stone coffin, a very rough one, was not inscribed : possibly
the burial took place in times of persecution when it would
have been dangerous to have allowed the local authorities to
see it bearing a Christian inscription. No mouth coins were
found — and their absence is natural in a Christian interment.
The object of the glass jug and disc must remain a matter of
conjecture, but we may hazard the supposition that they formed
the cruet and paten for the Viaticum. The coffin is placed near
the ruins of S. Leonard’s Hospital in the Museum Grounds, and
the bones and objects (see Plate VII.) found in the coffin are
preserved in the museum of Roman antiquities.
An interesting little hoard of Roman coins was
found by Mr. John Harrison in cutting a drain (2 ft. 6 in.
depth) on the “ Flower of May ” Farm, 200 yards South of the
Roman Road (Malton “Street”), connecting Derventio
(Malton) and Isurium (Aldborough). The coins were of the
reigns of Theodosius, Honorius, Gratian, Valens, Valentinian,
and Constantine. They had apparently been buried in a bag,
probably a leather one, but the material of the bag was so
rotten that it would not bear handling.
PRESENTED
1 0 MAY. 190?
PLATE I.
The Ho'mSKIr OF S?ePETEn - Yo-ati-
PLATE II
* & -
a
- . -
PLATE III.
lo G/
V
PLATE IV.
1
J-IN& OP excXVATlON
10
or
'Mjmys ABBEY
CALEI'O 5
or
I
Plan shewing Excavation 5
made dating IQOl • • •
■B sjbxews • • - IP4(DgDf'OT^r
ssm * ® Binir^rEMlIsb 12™ 9 * 9
yzzza > » (O^SnnxS^^ni iy™ * » »
UNC or EXCAVATION
PLATE V.
Sp co /oo I o 12 o 130 Ho i5o 160 17& 160 190
210 220 230 240
FFEt-
(1ANSE1PT
l I ! 11 ii 1 • • 1 11 »
! I - ! 1 - 1 l - 1 l _ l I - 1 l - 1 l - 1 I -
1 1
1 — l
.1 l
1 — 1
1 I
.1 1.
I—
.1 1-
r-i
..I 1.
A
/'\
\.y
DOTTED LINES SHEW
F05 5IBLE OVTLJNE OF
SOVTH WALL * - -
iflCi&ID
HMJB
K"\
3
m
r
/N-
niWfSHPT
y
DIAGRAM OF
EXISTING NORTH WALL*
L
lON7
PHOTO LITHO. SPRAGUE & C? LT? 4 *5. EAST HARDING STREET FEHER LANE.E.C.
Ni
-VS • .,
J
■ J'V- J<»/
i^Afc, wV^|f'
ft
* i; ;
'■i ''i~
' ■■ 1,
A
Plate VII