eiuhseactrttiai ny =e eed 3 meee ~~ Cu ) My) yy) HM) Uf, Yp i 'y WPS Wilt Mi 4 yyy} Wy)" LU, YY, YE... 0, .W ARS AN AAA \ AC AA bt YO) YY): YY) Ue 4, }]) YI) 1 aS a a dn th LO CCK KACO tala achaal hha al Raa achicha tuted yyy Cea eea eM ware wae at YY) 4 y Z y Y YY), YU, UY) PY ea “4 . oe, cn \\ \\ My NN ais ith ‘ Fer as ‘ ANY ANY AAS ; A AO Me deh Sy ai NR MN ela SU OS AE Ae A A at eS oS y) MRA ij OOO Se Oa e ey »)) ) matt at iat ut WAAC a \ «( fr YAY) wet WAAC i \'\ 1) YY LEON EOE EAE N EE LNA EE ER Mi ih By, A LLL LLL SELES LE SSE ES ENS PA Ay el hy i Sy iy yr iy ny A ey iy i My A yh Lai tiat a ant Fa a a at aut alas ata teeny eC ( Per mad \ AAG AY, | \ 3 AN na hh Ray alate seals PE oR A te led a ea isu lbut ; CMM GO UT AE EG EG LE A EME I IE TG MA SC AM AU NCO AW EM GTN LSM GN I AM / : ( (i V4 VK ( NK WG : WE Qh y' VAN AY QE AY QA AGS AACE WN ie a Ae i Me i Mie My ha ay My Mee eee eee ee KK KK Aah ya pha hag Se lS ya A i Ay i A yt Si it, CAG hy a hal YAN AWW \\) AANA RC hibit SOO OOOO OCG Kok MOL Me rk LALLA LLL LS LLL ELL KL AL LLY Sy hythiMuhigyrhag Fae A a ae LOR K halaclarhs tel hs YY) 4 YY) WY ) YD) YY), 0, 4, YE: 8-0, My y} 1 YY) LOK R ORNL OR ROR Tasik hahaa hehehe hah lala St ay aan 8 Uh a9 a a aah ah ACTA a ak a A My A | wf hs yy py ty AN ( PRM MMMM OA a eae a AT AS a hho ORR kk heheh at att4 hy Dh eh Khar haha hada Saha UD IIII PELE IIS EL ED ID ELS Seti SLE LSS LSS LS KLE RI Tate PIL tah AT, VAM LEHR ML MOR Me i 0a , hho Rha a ahah i yi iy LAP ee Nm aan win: hii » eae Rhee koh helok © ia aa oe oe at tohhehok ar py hai nya hy parla high hu hy hahahah yh Sulu hy hy Kaphiyhyh, RL ur ten OPE EP IND MR AND a i POOR SRN Ra K Rakeohohkekeheohok ok sok te vy line ohh ‘ Koha DAD AD Me a a A ILI MENA IMENT MAAS INE : haunts nd indi uit Ke hat haha hahha fala ak Rona hh ho ‘ Ay AN yt ‘) uy biphi A a AS A A \ CEU C@l : Oe w\\ ( YANN At, Xt Qi ae AW YD Wa « x ae . : ' he hh : ee ee (gh o \s ARN \\ N\A nu ih S\N whiythagth ve Aya ana Nay yy poe i Or ‘ ce oe se ea Ne ey Wee i a I \ j ay, K f t a ’ i ( ‘ ~ f : Ae 3 Ae 3 pity ght ‘ a : ne i, ny H i Ae STATE oF New York — DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (alls meee S OF NEW YORK VOLUME II BY S, A. BEACH ASSISTED BY N. O. BOOTH Assistant Horticulturist AND O. M. TAYLOR Foreman in Horticulture Report of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station for the Year 1903 II ALBANY J. B. LYON COMPANY, PRINTERS 1905 a 90 franster — Ww 3 1 By iy i : ‘ ie : ‘ vvoye 3 rake ow ares A . u o ¢ Ay “ wu i} ba " ‘ t INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS, HA.LF-TonE PLATEs. FACING PAGE. SQSTUEPEIIUS 5.og (OW UMUC Bie si te eek SG Gee enn ea 2 APUSIG 5 2 o@bletecocll SORE aele a cle ee cee aies ear an mee oan ee RAs 8 LSIIBIRITUSINGR 92 dy isis eet Ore eo BOI eA PEERY 2%) Cte a a ea 22 ere Cm res hen sc Cols WORE A hae hole ee Sa ce dba Bude 28 “DSS (QUPBTTES wo co: Sih Slee teig: BCR ce TE aR NT ec ION eA) in) A Rar 42 Ce rao eirieyy . LET (OSD Gy. Ne Sec Ree care cg cee enn Srl gene eesti eae gy mn 44 Ho alae le BAVECG EME Cee raicrsc = Ge alcceciclats Mant ecceal o ectabers) cieiterel w/a hs UNM Y Retana Doe 9 4 50 Hoe ERR O CME TOC Ie eos Se Saeco. emia ae eviews ee we hase baad boi Se 52 aglyeRIPe 221. 6. os «.-'- Dae orca ees oF Es ay cir tag Maa ESR ae a NC 54 NOE MIC Wears iOS FANG tieck dala tuakiaware sqaure tema nae aise Boek Vida e alga ob 60 VLLRGISIOIES 9 .c° onbls 6 OSS Gn CpG AeO Orc RC eae A meee Rta ts SF RE nei PI 76 eelidlesm Su@ete fyices SSeS Rare ae ae Sago cl 82 eta AS MEU o haf i scr Spee sPalou inde wena tty. ce oevelarere) brace, 6 an. rel dave Suakethauare gee 90 ie Sar os) MPI oot a ov cb, oes copes, «/ aheves & Buciee! sinabial Gee aagaua: shatek eaves eae 94 LADEN? — 5 9:05 6: SOUR ORD SONORA ar) Ee rE a earn RE De On aries tl Oe) cara 100 a ielioy:
Russian Emperor (2,6, ©, 13, 20, 20). Stoke Dulip (60). Wolf
River incorrectly (39). Wunderapfel (26).
Alexander is a typical representative of the class of Russian
apples commonly known as the Aport group. Fruit very large,
Amerachive Ged) Or striped, COakse im texture, meditim to good im
uingsuitaple ton culinaiy rather than tom dessert use » ihe
fruit is apt to crack and decay about the stem and calyx and often
becomes discolored where it is chafed by constantly rubbing
4 : THe Apples oF NEw York.
against some twig or branch; there is also a considerable loss from
premature dropping of the fruit. Notwithstanding these faults
many fruit growers now regard Alexander favorably as a com-
mercial variety as in some markets there is a strong demand for
the fruit at good prices. It is being used to some extent for ex-
port trade (40). Its season begins in September and extends
through October or into November. It may be held in cold
storage till November. It goes down quickly and as it does not
stand heat well before going into storage it should be shipped the
day it is picked and under ice (39). As it ripens continuously
during a period of from four to six weeks it should have more
than one picking. The tree is hardy, vigorous and moderately
productive. In some localities it is subject to blight. It can be
recommended for planting in commercial orchards to a limited
extent. Inthe West it is now largely supplanted by its Wisconsin
seedling Wolf River (34, 36).
Historical. Introduced into England from Russia in 1817 (20). The
exact date of the introduction of this variety into America is not known.
The Massachusetts Horticultural Society made several importations of
European varieties which were distributed among the members of the society.
Mr. Manning exhibited what was supposed to be Alexander before the
Massachusetts Horticultural Society at its meeting on September 18, 1830.
Whether this was Alexander or not, the shipment of varieties of which
Alexander was one had evidently been made prior to that date.
It has been widely disseminated and is now pretty well known in the apple
growing districts from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Thus far it has not been
grown to any considerable extent in New York state but at the present time
its cultivation is on the increase.
TREE.
Tree large to medium, vigorous to moderately vigorous with long, stout
branches. Form upright spreading to roundish, open and somewhat inclined
to droop after bearing heavy crops. Twigs short, curved, stout with large
terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark brown mingled with olive-green,
lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Leniicels
scattering, medium in size, oval, raised. Buds medium in size, plump, obtuse,
free, slightly pubescent.
FRuIT.
Fruit large, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish conic to slightly
oblate conic, regular or approaching broadly angular, symmetrical. Stem
medium to rather short, moderately thick. Cavity acute to acuminate, deep,
broad, symmetrical, occasionally lipped, russeted, often with broad, con-
1N. E. Farmer, Sept. 24, 1880:78.
ALEXANDER (Reduced Size)
THE Apples oF NEw York. 5
spicuous, outspreading russet rays. Calya medium to large, usually open;
lobes medium to short, rather narrow, acute. Basin rather small, deep,
narrow to nearly medium in width, abrupt, nearly smooth, symmetrical.
Skin moderately thick, tough, smooth, glossy, somewhat waxy, greenish
or pale yellow deepening to orange-yellow in the sun, often entirely over-
spread with lively red or handsomely striped and splashed with bright car-
mane. Dots inconspicuous, small, scattering. Prevailing effect red or
striped.
Calyx tube variable, long to short, wide to medium, conical to funnel-
shape. Stamens median to basal.
Core small, usually axile; cells often not uniformly developed, closed or
very slightly open; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels elliptical to slightly
ovate, emarginate. Seeds medium in size, wide, short, rather plump, obtuse
to acute.
Flesh nearly white with faint yellow tinge, firm, coarse, moderately crisp,
tender, juicy, mild subacid, fair to good.
Season September and October or early November.
AMSTERDAM.
REEPRENGES, “I. Downing, 1876-43 app. 2. Ragan, U. S. B. P: Tf. Bul.,
56:26. 1905.
SYNONYMS. AMSTERDAM (2). AMSTERDAM SWEET (1). Amsterdam
Sweet (2). HAightop Sweet incorrectly (1). ;
Downing describes this fruit as medium in size, pale greenish-yellow,
striped and splashed with light and dark bright red; flesh white, half fine,
tender, juicy, rather rich, sweet, slightly aromatic; season October and
November. Origin Amsterdam, N. Y., on the farm of Joseph Britten (1).
We tind no account of Amsterdam except the one above mentioned, and
have not seen the variety.
ANISIM.
REFERENCES. 1. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:71. 2. Hos-
hinsmenanal Ni Yo, 52':200.. 1803. figs, -3. Greene, Minn. Sta. Bul., 32-240.
IO Mndd ld Sta. Bul, 315334) 1805. 5. ihomas, 1897-620. 6. Budd,
HOMO. Bw. At -:60, 60, 71. 1809, 7. Am.-Pom: Soc. Cat., 1899:15.. 8. Mun-
SOM VES CAwCpts TQO2-63), 60, OF. 9. Elansen, \S.D) Sita. Bul, 76:23. 1002.
fig. 10. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :38. fig.
SYNONYMS. ANIsImM (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, 10). Amtsim of Peterson (9).
DOrsaonienr OL \Vitage. (Oo). 16 MG. 8, ot Budd 9). ra of Budd (Q).
Good Peasant of Patten (9). Jonathan of the North (4). Swedish Borsdorf
of Patten (9). Zuzoff of Tuttle (0).
Hansen (9) reports that this Russian apple is proving very valuable in
Minnesota and other parts of the Northwest. It may be of some value in
those portions of New York state where superior hardiness is a prime
requisite. Hansen’s description is given below. “Tree a strong grower in
the nursery and orchard and a prodigious bearer; young trees upright,
spreading with age; limbs long, slender with a very strong shoulder; leaves
\
6 die) APPS) OF NEW LOK
narrow, pointed, dark green. The beautiful color of the fruit attracts favor-
able attention— Fruit below medium, roundish conical, slightly angular;
surface greenish-yellow, covered almost wholly with a beautiful dark crim-
son, with heavy blue bloom; dots white, minute; cavity regular, acute,
usually slightly russeted; stem medium; basin narrow, very shallow, corru-
gated, sometimes flat; calyx closed. Core closed, clasping; tube short,
broad; stamens median, flesh greenish white, with green veins, good. Early
winter.”
ANTONOVKA.
REFERENCES. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 8:28, 70, 130. 1881-82: fig.
2. Budd, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1882:76. 3. Gibb, 1b., 1883:432. 4. Budd, Am.
Pom. Soc. Rpt., 188371. 5. lb., Ja, Agr, Coll’ Bul, 1883-22) 6, lib eiaee
7. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1886:272. fig. 8. Schroeder, Montreal Hort.
Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:72. 9. Budd, ja, Agr Coll. Bul, 1890:24) 10s e@aiee eign
13:175, 216. 1890. 11. Budd, Ja. Sia. Bul., 192537. 18025) si2see elo
Pom. Soc. Rpt, 1892:57, 58. 13. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:234. 145 Cam
Flort., 16:359. 1803. 15: Jb., 17 :280, 200, 201. 1804, 16; Droop, idea ean
53:124. 1894. 17. Nat. Nurseryman, 3:32. 1805. 185 Siimsomiis eee
Bul., 43:104. 1806. 19. Hamilton, Can. Hort., 20:412. 1807. 20 Amon
Soc. Cat., 1897 :11. 21. Thomas, 1897 :286, 626. fig.) 225 Budd) iam sya=eamr
41 :66, 60, 70, 71, 73, 74: 1800. 23. Troop, Ind: Sita) ikpr 2800-70 meer
Miacoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt, 1899-78. 25. Hansen) So98) S70. stn eee
1902. fig. 26. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:43. 1903. 27. Budd-Hansen,
1903 :38. fig.
SYNONYMS. “ANTENOVKA (23), -ANTONOVKA (1, 2) 31/4. 5.)6;07,) os eOn inmate
12,13, 14, 16, 18, 10, 20, 21, 22; 24, 25, 20, 27). AINTONOMW HeAuslOISene
Antony (3, 14). Bergamot, 424 (25). Cinnamon (24). German Calville
(24). German Calville, 324 (spurious) (25). No. 224 (25). No. 236 (1, 2, 4.
5, 6, 9, 25). Possarts Nahvia (2, 4, 5). Kussian Gravensicm, 105 eee
AO ME Ge es Wis On Asa. Ionnenill. 277 (25).
A Russian fruit of no practical value for this state. Wlansenm(espmde-
scribes it as “large, roundish, irregular, obscurely angular; surface yellow;
dots minute, raised, white, suffused; cavity deep, regular, with radiating,
often large patch of russet, stem medium; basin abrupt, corrugated or wavy;
calyx closed. Core closed; cells ovate, slit; tube funnel-shaped; stamens
median; seeds ten to sixteen, small, pcinted, plump, a few imperfect; flesh
yellow, juicy, sprightly spicy subacid, good. October.”
ARORD:
REFERENCE. 1. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 8:32. 1881-82.
SynonyMs. None.
This name is applied to a pretty well defined group of Russian apples.
Alexander is the typical variety of this group.
The name Aport has also been applied to a particular Russian variety which
resembles Alexander closely.1
iitlansen, (SD. Stan Dil) WOr20.) O02:
THE Apples. oF NEw York. 7
APORT ORIENT.
RERERENCES, Te. Vioniveal Hort. Soc lept., 8:73. 188182. 2. Ta. Hort.
Soc. Rpt., 1882:78. 3. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1883:30. 4. Montreal Hort.
NOGeiupie Qo2, 1663, 12, 5. Budd, la, Agr Coll, Bul, 1885:0. 6. Schroeder,
VOOMhGO HOV SOGlICptss L2-72. ToS0no7, 7. Budd, fa, Aer Coll, Bul,
PSOOR2An Onspeed. Side bil TO.538. 1602. 9. (>?) Beach, Ni. VY. Sia. An.
Mier yO. 1604... 10, Budd, la. Sia. Bul, 4r:71. 18090. 11. Munson, Me.
Wnwie i eLQO2: 635 12. bhlanseni Ss. OD) Sia. Bul, 76:20, 1902, 13. Budd-
Hansen, 1903 :39.
SRMON MNES: ee PORT (Ch 23 An 5) ©, Zit 12, 12). Arorn® Oripna (85 10):
CALORme ORIEN TAT.) Nonna Orel (7), INO. 252 (Cl, 2.3514, 7,11). 23:
GieZ3)re Oporto (4).
A Russian apple, large, yellow, mostly covered with mixed red, striped
and splashed with dark crimson, very attractive but coarse-grained and in-
ferior in quality. It begins to ripen about the middle of August. The tree
comes into bearing rather young and gives full crops in alternate years.
Not recommended for New York state.
ARCTIC.
INEFERENGHS. 7 le Nn 4 Sia. An. Rpt. 82347. 1880, 2. Munson, Me. Sta
iepieeregor70: 3. \Waugh, Vt. Sta, Bul, 61:20. 1807. 4. Am. Pom. Soc.
Gapetsog.t5).5. beach, 17, NY. Hort, Soc, Rpt., 1900:34. —6. Waugh, Vt.
Sueaniepi, 14-250, 100l. 7. Mie. Sta. Rpt, 1902):83, So, 95; 96. 8. Budd-
Hansen, TOs eon Os vowel andelmitom, OS. Bb Us Te Bul, 48:30. 1o08.
Synonyms. None.
One of the most valuable characteristics of the Arctic is its
ability to endure cold climates. It has probably been planted
more extensively in Northern New York, New England and
Canada than in any other regions. It is reported as being pretty
hardy in Central Iowa where the climate is too severe for Baldwin,
Rhode Island Greening and other varieties of a similar grade of
hardiness. Munson (7) states that it is worthy of trial where
Baldwin will not succeed.. The tree is vigorous. In some dis-
imiets it Wasithe repiiation of being productive, im others it is
ealieduay sive bearer.) Die ius very attractive, mild subacid,
good but not high in quality. It somewhat resembles Baldwin
in size and color, but is more oblate, and the skin is of a somewhat
lighter and brighter red than that of Baldwin. The cavity is often
marked with outspreading rays of reddish or green russet as
in the Baldwin. The dots are round, scattering, whitish, often
S THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
areolar and not elongated in the region of the cavity as they often
are on the Baldwin. It does not keep so well as the Hubbardston.
In Western New York its season may extend from October to
February, but when grown farther north is later (6, 7). In some
parts of Northern New York it is being grafted over to other
sorts. Waugh (6) states that this is also being done in the Isle
La Motte region of Vermont, nevertheless he believes it will be
grown there in moderate quantities for years to come,
Historical. The Arctic was introduced by Mr. O. K. Gerrish, now of Lake-
ville, Mass. He states that it originated as a chance seedling in a garden
near Cape Vincent, N. Y., about 1862. About 1887 he bought the tree
from Mr. John H. Esseltyne on whose farm it was growing. After taking
propagating wood from it, he destroyed the tree to prevent theft of scions.
TREE.
Tree a moderate grower with long, moderately stout branches. Form
spreading and open somewhat like Tompkins King. wigs short, stocky;
internodes medium length; slightly pubescent near tips. Bark dark reddish-
brown, streaked and mottled with thin scarf-skin. Lenticels scattering, con-
spicuous, medium to large, roundish to somewhat elongated, raised. Buds
medium to large, broad, obtuse, flat, free, pubescent. Leaves large, dark
green, broad and rather thick.
Fruit.
Fruit above medium to large. Form oblate, sometimes roundish conic, often
faintly ribbed; pretty uniform in size and shape. Stem short and rather
thick to medium. Cavity moderately shallow to rather deep, broad, usually
symmetrical or slightly furrowed, and having outspreading rays of red or
green russet. Caly1+ medium to rather large; segments broad, obtuse, closed
or partly open. Basin abrupt, medium to wide and deep, often compressed
or slightly furrowed and corrugated.
Skin nearly smooth, slightly roughened by the light russet or whitish
dots; deep yellow or greenish-yellow, often almost wholly covered with a
bright red obscuring the stripes of deeper red.
Calyx tube short, conical varying to funnel-form. Stamens median.
Core medium, axile or nearly so; cells closed or partly open; core lines
clasping the cylinder of the tube. Carpels broadly roundish to nearly obcor-
date, emarginate, slightiy tufted. Sezds cften abortive; when normally
developed they are medium to rather large, flat, obtuse, sometimes slightly
tufted, dark.
Flesh somewhat tinged with yellow, firm, moderately coarse, crisp, juicy,
mild subacid, good in quality.
Uses. Adapted rather for market and culinary uses than for dessert.
Season October to February or later.
\\\\
\\ \ \
ARCTIC
Tue AppLes oF New York. 9
AUGUST,
IMPEORENGCESSNITAU NF 40. S10. A monepin 7 oO, Toos., 2) Mey Sta Rpt,
1893 :132. 3. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:586. 1894. 4. Mich. Sta. Bul., 118:59.
oOo se Pal 2O 30s TOOO. O71 Ne ye Sia: Am lapis, 15):270; 1890) 7. Mich.
Sides. 143):200, 1897. 8. [D., 152:210. ‘1808. 9. [b., 205:47. 1903.
Synonyms. None.
This hybrid is classed by some as an apple and by others as a crabapple.
The tree is hardy, comes into bearing early and is reliably productive. The
fruit is medium to small for an apple but very iarge for a crabapple. It has
a slight crabapple flavor and is of fairly good quality for culinary use.
Not recommended for planting in New York.
Historical. Originated from seed of Wealthy by Peter M. Gideon, Ex-
celsior, Minn., from whom it was received in 1888 for testing at this Station.
It has been tested at experiment stations in different States but it appears
to be practically unknown to fruit growers.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading and somewhat droop-
ing, open. Jwigs short, curved, slender; internodes short. Bark clear
brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scat-
tering, medium in size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium in size,
plump, acute, free, not pubescent.
FRuIT.
Fruit medium ¢o small, occasionally above medium, uniform in size and
shape. Form roundish oblate to roundish conic, nearly symmetrical, regu-
lar or somewhat ribbed. Stem rather short to medium in length, mod-
erately slender. Cavity acute approaching acuminate, medium to deep, mod-
erately broad, symmetrical, usually not russeted. Calyx rather large, closed;
lobes long, acute, reflexed. Basin moderately shallow to rather deep, mod-
erately wide, somewhat abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin pale yellow or greenish, sometimes almost entirely overspread and
mottled with rather bright red, striped and splashed with carmine, covered
with bloom. Dots whitish, small, scattering, inconspicuous. Prevailing color
red in well colored specimens.
Calyx tube rather small, short, conical. Stamens median to nearly basal.
Core medium in size to above, usually axile; cells often unsymmetrical,
usually closed, sometimes wide open; core lines clasping. Carpels ovate.
Seeds light brown, medium to above, moderately wide, plump, acute.
Flesh slightly tinged with yellow, half-fine, moderately juicy, breaking,
mild subacid, with a slight crabapple flavor; quality fairly good for culinary
use.
Season August and early September.
ine) THE APPLES OF NEw YORE.
AUGUSTINE.
REFERENCES. 1. Horticulturist, 1848 (cited by 5). 2. Downing, 1857 :207.
3. Warder, 1867:711. .4. Thomas, 1885:502. 5. Ragan, U2 S96.)
56222 1905.
SynonyMs. None.
A pleasant flavored dessert apple formerly grown to a very limited extent
in some portions of the state but now practically unknown. Fruit medium
to rather large, roundish conic or slightly inclined to oblong, yellow splashed
and striped with red; flesh moderately juicy to rather dry, not crisp, tender,
sweet; season August.
AUTUMN BOUGH.
REFERENCES. I. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 36. 2. Parsons, Horti-
culiurist, 1:209. 1846. 3. Am. Pom-Soc. Cat., 1852. 4. Mariitarie seeoes
1853. 5. Elliott, 1854:66. fg. 6. Downing, 1857:71. 7. Mag. Hort, 25-154
1859. 8. Warder, 1867:712. 9. Thomas, 1875:198. 10. Downmeg, 188 :11
index, app. 11. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1898:288: 22.) Batleyauese
ENOvE L892)-234
Synonyms. AuTuMN BowcH (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 12). Autumn Bough (9).
AUTUMNAL BoucH (8). AutUMN Sweet BoucGH (6, 9, 10). Autumn Sweet
Bough (5). Fall Bough (6, 9). Late Bough (6, 9). Montgomery Sweet
(10). Philadelphia Sweet (6, 9). Summer Bellflower (6).
This is regarded by many as one of the best sweet apples of its season
for dessert use and is esteemed also for culinary purposes. The tree is
medium in size, upright or roundish, moderately vigorous to vigorous,
healthy, long-lived, comes into bearing fairly young and is reliably pro-
ductive. The fruit hangs well to the tree. It is suitable for local market but
it does not ship well. So far as we can learn it is not grown commercially
but it is occasionally cultivated for home use and is still listed by some
qwurserymen.
In 1846 Robert B. Parsons, of Flushing, N. Y., described it as ~a very
superior fruit, ranking indeed among our best sweet apples, and worthy of
extensive cultivation. It is rather large, somewhat of a calville-shape,
though with the ribs not quite so prominent as is usual with apples of that
class; oblong, diminishing very much to the eye. Skin smooth, pale yellow,
with a few scattered dots. Eye of medium size, and very deeply sunken.
Stalk rather slender, set in a deep narrow cavity. Flesh white, very tender,
and with a rich and sweet, yet sprightly flavor. Ripens from 25th of Eighth
month to the 20th of Ninth month. The tree is exceedingly productive, and
of very vigorous growth” (2).
AUTUMN STREAKED.
REFERENCES. I. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:50. 2. Lyon, U. S. Pom.
Bul:; 2:39. 1888. 3.N. Y. Sia. An. Rpt,.8:340. 1880. 4. [bes oncom
SYNONYMS. AUTUMN STREAKED (1, 2, 3, 4). Herbst Strefling (1). Herbst
Stretfing (2). No. 964 (1).
THe Apples oF NEw YorRK. Tal
This fruit approaches the Oldenburg type in some respects. It is of good
size and usually attractive in color, sprightly subacid, very good fer culinary
purposes; season September. The tree is hardy, comes into bearing young
and is a good biennial bearer.
Historical. A Russian apple received from T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vt.,
in 1888 for testing at this Station (3, 4).
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with short, stcut branches. Form spreading,
flat, rather dense. Jigs short, curved, stout with large terminal buds;
internodes short. Bark dull brown, mingled with olive-green, heavily coated
with gray scari-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium to large,
oval, slightly raised. Buds prominent, large, broad, plump, obtuse, free,
pubescent.
FRuIr.
Fruit large. Form roundish to roundish oblate, somewhat inclined to
conic, regular or obscurely ribbed; sides often unequal. Stem short to
medium, rather slender. Cavity medium to rather large, acute to acuminate,
moderately deep, rather wide, slightly furrowed, greenish-russet. Calyx
large, closed or partly open. Basin uneven, wide, abrupt, wrinkled.
Skin yellow or pale yellow, shaded, striped and splashed with red and
overspread with pinkish bloom. Prevailing effect striped red.
Core large, open.
Flesh yellowish, firm, a little coarse, rather crisp, moderately juicy, sprightly
subacid, good. ;
AUTUMN SWAAR.,.
REFERENCES. I. Genesee Farmer, 1838 (cited by 10). 2. Downing, 1857 :115.
Sellooper 1657.14. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 5. Warder, 1867 :572:
fig. 6. Downing, 1869:82. 7. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:288. 8.
Batley, An. -Hort., 1892:234. 9. Budd-Hansen, 1903:41. ro. Ragan, U. S. B.
alba iiie 50) 107. 1OOS:
SYNONYMS. AUTUMN SWAAR (4, 7, 8,9). AUTUMNAL SWAar (1, 2, 3, 6).
Autumnal Swaar (10). Fatt Swaar (10, of the West 5). Fall Swaar of
Wesic ((@, Gy 1).
This belongs to the Fall Orange group and the fruit resembles Fall Orange
very closely. It is very good in quality for either dessert or culinary uses.
Vhe tree is hardy, vigorous and spreading; not satisfactorily productive (7).
It is occasionally found in cultivation in this state but is now seldom or
never planted. Its origin is unknown.
Fruit.
Fruit above medium to medium, sometimes large. Form oblate to
roundish conic. Stem often short, thick end irregularly knobbed. Cavity
acute, deep, broad, often lipped or irregular, with concentric russet marks
and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to small, closed or slightly
open. Basin medium in depth, medium to narrow, abrupt, slightly ridged.
Skin orange-yellow or greenish, in some cases with a decided blush but
————=- =
T2 THe Apples OF NEw YorK.
not striped, roughened by almost invisible, capillary netted russet lines which
become more distinct, larger and concentric about the base and apex. Dots
conspicuous, irregular, russet or red areolar with russet center. Prevailing
effect yellow.
Calyx tube funnel-form. Stamens median.
Core medium to rather small, nearly axile; cells partly open or closed;
core lines clasp the funnel-cylinder. Carpels emarginate, somewhat elliptical,
tufted. Seeds numerous, large to medium, plump, tufted, brown.
Flesh yellow, tender, breaking, juicy, agreeable, mild subacid, decidedly
aromatic, sprightly, very good.
Season September.
AUTUMN SWAAR AND FALL ORANGE COMPARED.
The fruit of Fall Orange as compared with that of Autumn Swaar is
larger, more inclined to conic, has smaller seeds and a fleshy pistil point
projecting into the base of the calyx tube. The flesh is whiter, more acid,
less aromatic and less tender. The flesh of well grown and well ripened
Autumn Swaar is decidely yellower, more tender and milder with a very
pleasant, peculiarly aromatic flavor.
AUTUMN SWEET SWAAR,
REFERENCES. I. Albany Cultivator, 5:247. 1848. 2. Thomas, 1849:145.
3. Barry, 1851:282. 4. Elliott, 1854:121. 5. Downing, 1857:115. 6. Gregg,
1857:41. 7. Warder, 1867:471. fig. 8. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890 :288.
G. Ravan, U.S. BB. Poe Bil 56-335 1905:
SYNONYMS. AUTUMN. SWAAR (3, 9). Autumn Sweet (9). AUTUMN SWEET
Swaar (8). AUTUMNAL Swaar (1, 2, 4, 6). Autumnal Sweet (9). Av-
TUMNAL SWEET SwAArR (5, 7). Autumnal Sweet Swaar (9). Sweet Golden
Pippin (5,9). Sweet Swaar. (2, 3, 5, 6, 7, G).
In 1848 Thomas described this as one of the finest autumnal sweet ap-
ples (1). It is now seldom found in cultivation in this state. Its origin
is unknown.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous to vigorous, productive. Form upright spreading.
BRUTE Gee 2a. ©)
Fruit large. Form roundish oblate, sometimes slightly ribbed. Stem
varying from long and slender to thick and fleshy, yellow and red. Cavity
acute, deep, wavy, green. Calyx medium in size, closed. Basin shallow,
wide, slightly furrowed.
Skin smooth, waxen yellow, sometimes blushed. Dots rare, minute.
Core medium in size; cells somewhat open; core lines clasping. Seeds
numerous, plump, pale.
Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, fine, moderately juicy, very sweet, spicy,
agreeable, very good to best.
Season September and October.
Tue Apples oF NEw York. 13
BAILEY SPICE,
MBEPREN CES. | 1. Nie “Aer, Soc. Lrans, 18492350: 2. Batley, Horitcul-
(MISE =280. 1650. fig. 3. Hovey, Mag. Hort, 16:542. 1850. fig. 4. Barry,
1851 :283. 5. Elliott, 1854:121. 6. Downing, 1857:116. 7. Hooper, 1857 :14.
S. Grege, 1857:41. 9. Warder, 1867:712. 10. Thomas, 1875:205.
SMNONVNMS- BAILEY SPICE (@, 3,4, 5, 7, 8). Baitey’s Spice (1, 6, 9, 10).
A dessert apple of medium size, light yellow color and subacid, spicy
flavor, in season in September and October.
Historical. In 1850 J. W. Bailey, of Plattsburgh, published the following
account of the origin of this variety (2, 3). “ The original tree is now
growing in my grounds, and was planted there fifty years ago by my grand-
father, Captain Nathaniel Platt. It is a great bearer, and | think I never
knew an apple so invariably fair and perfect as this.”
So far as we have learned this variety is no longer planted and is nearly
obsolete in New York.
BAKER SWEET,
RBRBRENCHS. 4 91. Downing, 1857117. 2. Warder, 1867-712. 3. Whomas;
1875 :402.
SYNONYMS. BAKER SWEET (2, 3). BAKER'S SWEET (1). Late Golden
Sweet (1). Long Stem Sweet (1). Winter Golden Sweet (1, 3).
A golden yellow apple of good size and attractive appearance. Because
it is sweet, not a late keeper and drops readily from the tree it is of little
commercial value except where it can be disposed of in local market, not-
withstanding that the tree is very productive. It is a good variety for the
home orchard where a sweet apple, ripening in late autumn, 1s desired.
Historical. ‘his is an old variety, formerly much grown in parts of New
England (1). It is but little grown in New York state.
TREE.
Tree medium size, only moderately vigorous or a slow grower; branches
dark, rather slender, somewhat resembling Jonathan (1). Form spreading.
Twigs rather stout.
FRuIT.
Fruit large to medium, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish
to oblate, usually regular. Stem short to rather long, rather slender. Cavity
large, acute to acuminate, deep, rather broad, sometimes partly russeted
and with outspreading rays, symmetrical. Calyx pubescent, medium, closed;
lobes broad at base, acute. Basin shallow to moderately deep, narrow to
above medium in width, somewhat abrupt, a little furrowed.
Skin moderately thin, tough, nearly smocth except for some patcnes of
russet and conspicuous russet dots, good yellow with shade of brownish-red
blush on exposed cheek. Prevailing effect good yellow.
Calyx tube medium, somewhat funnel-shape. Stamens median.
14 THE Apples OF NEw York.
Core above medium to large, abaxile; cells open, sometimes unsymmetrical ;
ccre lines meeting. Carpels very broadly ovate to roundish, tufted. Seeds
dark, medium to rather small, plump, acute, tufted.
Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately fine, rather tender, rather juicy, very
sweet, pleasant, good to very good.
Season October to December.
BANKS.
REFERENCES. I. Craig and Allen, Can. Hort., 16:420. 1893. fig. 2. Nova
Scotia Fr. Gr. Assn. Rpt., 1894:81, 120. 3. Sears, Can. Hort., 22:476. 1800.
4. Caston, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. “Rpt, 9:55. 1002, (5. AmapeomaSaameseus
1Q03 : 160.
SYNONYMS. BANKS (2, 3, 4, 5). BANKS GRAVENSTEIN (2). BANKS RED
GRAVENSTEIN (1). Banks Red Gravenstein (4). Red Gravenstein (3).
In 1903 R. W. Starr, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, presented to the American
Pomological Society the following report concerning this variety (5). “A
bud sport from Gravenstein, much the same in season and flavor, but bright
ved, less ribbed, more regular in shape, and generally a little smaller in
size. First noticed and propagated by C. E. Banks, of Berwick, Kings Co.,
N. S. It is well liked and is being quite largely planted.” It appears that
this sport first came into bearing about 1880 (1). In 1899 Sears (3) re-
marked, “The Banks or Red Gravenstein is gaining in popularity because it
combines with the superior quality of the ordinary Gravenstein the bright
red color which people demand who judge the apple by its appearance
alone.”
Except in the points of difference above noted Banks appears to be identi-
cal with Gravenstein and the reader is referred to the description of that
variety for a technical account of the tree and fruit. So far as we can
learn this variety is not yet planted to any considerable extent in New York.
BEAUTIFUL ARCAD,
REFERENCES. I. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 9:104. 1883. 2. Ja. Hort. Soc.
Rpt., 1883:443.. 3. la. Agr. Coil. Bul., 1885:17. 4. Gibb), Monica alors.
Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:15. 5. 1b., Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:48. 6. Budd, Rural
N.Y., 47:602. 1888. 7. Laylor, Mie. Pom. Soc. Rpt, 1892)-572 oes
U.S. Pom. Rpt., 1892:274. 9. Thomas, 1897 :248. fie.) 10) elanseaaesa):
Sia. Bul. 76:28: 19002. rr. Budd-Hansen, 1903:44. 12) (Racan Ope Seer
Ie Ih IBONL AD BAO, GY BIS, OO).
Synonyms. Arcad Krasivut (3). Arkad Krasivui (5, 12). -ARKAD
Krasiwul (1). Arkad Krasiwui (2, 5, 12). BEAUTIFUL- ARCAD (2, 3, 4, 5, 5,
7, 8, 9; 11). BEAUTIFUL ARCADE Gio; 11). - Beawniul Arcade Geese.
INO, ABRA(Bes (Op WO; 1, 10)),
This is a Russian apple of good medium size, yellow, partly shaded and
splashed with red, sweet, in season in August and September. It is con-
sidered a desirable variety in portions of the Upper Mississippi valley and
in other districts where superior hardiness is a prime requisite.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 15
BEAUTY OF KENT.
REFERENCES. I. Forsyth, 1803:55. 2. Ib., 1824:93. 3. London Hort.. Soc.
Ciipmrest No, 50) 4. Kenrick, 183202. "5. Eloy-Windley, 1833:20. 6.
Dowmine-s1s45:c0. 7. Elovey, Wag. Hort, 142250. 1848. fg. 8. Kirtland,
FloRmicnliurist, 2:544. 1848. 9. Thomas, 1849:146. 10. Cole, 1849:114. 11.
enimOnsmee One ist. Nin Yana) 3A S50 912. Barty, 1851 283). 13. Elliott,
1854:167. 14. Hooper, 1857:15. 15. Gregg, 1857:41. 16. Downing, Horti-
Guimmisia 1Q),304. 1804. nes, 17. Warder, 18673584. 18. Fitz, 1872):152.
ROM PenONpiS 7/5507, 124 920) Lloge, 1884517. 21. Lyon, Mich. Flori. Soc.
TIPinwtego:256. 22. Wickson, 1889:245. 23. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:234.
24. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:354. 25. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :109.
2omeuowelmandekciton, U.S. B. PI Bul, 48246) 1003. 275 Garden, 64 :230.
1903. fig. bearing nursery trees.
SMANOMMMIS SEAUDE DE Kenr (10). BEAUTY OF KENT (1, 2, 3. 4, 5, 6; 7;
SOMO I2 12) 14 15, 10, 17, 18, 20, 20, 22) 22) 2/27). Beauty of Kent
(io; 26). Kent Beauty (25, 20). Kentish Pippi (10, of some 3). Pepin
de Kent (190). Pippin Kent (19).
Fruit large, beautiful, showy, suitable for culinary use, in season from late
September to November. The tree is large, vigorous, upright, comes into
bearing rather young, is a reliable cropper and moderately productive. In
England where it originated it is said to do best under garden culture in
warm soil and on Paradise stock; grown in clay and other uncongenial
soils it loses quality (27). It is but little known in New York.
BELBORODOOSKOE.
RERERENCES. i. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Kpt., 1887755. No. 37. 2. N. Y. Sta:
Li ao o1O i looO, 3. Beach, Wb., 12/2500. 1803. 4. Lhomas, 1897-265,
ee watanseny SD). Sta. Bul. 76220. 1902.
SYNONYMS. BELBORODOOSKOE (2, 3). BELLERDOVSKOE (4, 5). Bielborodov-
ske (1). Wutite BoropovKA (1).
A Russian apple, medium to large, pale greenish-yellow, sometimes blushed,
coarse, rather juicy, mild subacid to nearly sweet, good; season August. It
does not appear to be worthy the attention of New York fruit growers.
BENNINGER.,
REHERENCES ia ChunchilleN. Y5 Sia, An, pi, 82355. 16s0. 2) Bailey,
AU O Ki PL OG2) 235) ans cleigvess Un Sa Oma pt. 189417. 4. Beach, N.Y:
SiowAn Rpt, 15:270. 1800. 5. Laylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1897 236.
SYNONYMS. BENNIGER (2). BENNINGER (1, 3, 4, 5).
A pleasant-flavored dessert apple of good medium size and attractive ap-
pearance; in season during late August and September. It is too mild in
flavor to be very desirable for culinary purposes. The tree is a pretty good
grower, comes into bearing young and is productive.
16 Tue APPLES oF NEw YORK.
Historical. Originated about 1830 on the farm of Uhlie Benninger near
Slatington, Lehigh county, Pa. In that region it is said to be a good grower
and a reliable and abundant cropper (4).
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with short stout branches. Form spreading,
open. Twigs short, curved, stout with large terminal buds; internodes
medium. Bark clear brownish tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with
scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels conspicuous, quite numerous, medium in
size, oblong, not raised. Buds deeply set in bark, medium in size, broad,
cbtuse, appressed, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium or above. Form roundish oblate to roundish ovate, some-
what irregular; sides unequal. Stem short to medium, rather slender. Cavity
acute or approaching acuminate, medium in width, moderately deep to deep,
often scmewhat russeted. Calyx medium in size, usually closed; lobes nar-
row, acuminate. Basin wide, moderately deep to shallow, smooth or slightly
furrowed.
Skin rather thin, nearly smooth, yellow, blushed’ and streaked with red.
Dots rather small, greenish.
Calyx tube usually short, wide, conical. Stamens marginal.
Core medium, abaxile; cells open; core lines slightly clasping or sometimes
meeting.
Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, firm, moderately fine, crisp, rather juicy,
mild subacid, good.
Season late August and September.
BENONI.
REFERENCES. I. N. E. Farmer, 9:46. 1830. 2. Kenrick, 1832:25. 3. Mag.
Hort., 13149, 363. 1835. 4. Manning, 1838:490. 5. Mae idler aetemione:
6. [b., 7:43. 1841. 7. Downing, 1845:70. 8. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:17. 1848.
fig. 9. Thomas, 1849:136. 10. Cole, 1849:101. 11. Emmons, Nai Hisi.
N. Y., 3:12. 1851. 12. Hovey, 1:83. 1851. col. pl. and fig” 135 Baniyeees yee 0:
14. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1854.. 15: Elliott; 1854 :122. 1b, Wine elemento
1855. 17. Gregg, 1857:35. 18. Hooper, 1857:17, 106, DOS) Qs etericul—
iurist, 14 :425. 1850: 20. Warder, 1867:650. fg. 21. Fitz, 2872-1 2ie oe
22. Hogg, 1884:20. 23. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:288. 24. Bailey,
An. Hort., 1892:235. 25. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt, ¥:245 1894.
26. Burrill and McCluer, Jil. Sta. Bul., 45:214. 18060, 9) 272 Wiersma:
Greene, Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:51. 1902. 28. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :47. fig.
Synonyms. None.
Benoni is a fine dessert apple, very attractive in appearance and
excellent in quality but not large enough to be a good market
variety. The tree comes into bearing moderately voung and
INONH4
THE Apples OF NEW York. i
yields fair to good crops biennially. It begins to ripen early in
August and its season extends into September.
Historical. Originated in Dedham, Massachusetts, where the original
tree was still standing in 1848. It was introduced to notice by Mr. E. M.
Richards shortly before 1832 (2). It is highly esteemed throughout the
country and is generally listed by nurserymen throughout the middle and
northern portions of the apple-growing regions of this continent (24).
TREE.
Tree rather large, vigorous. Form erect to somewhat roundish, dense.
Twigs moderately long, straight, slender; internodes medium. Bark olive-
green, shaded with light reddish-brown, lightly coated with scarf-skin,
pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium, oblong, slightly raised. Buds
deeply set in bark, medium size, plump, obtuse, appressed, slightly pubescent.
FRvuITt.
Fruit medium to rather small. Form roundish inclined to conic, faintly
ribbed toward the apex; sides unequal. Stem short to very short, slender.
Cavity acute, rather narrow, moderately deep, wavy, greenish-russet. Calyx
rather small to above medium, partly open, slightly pubescent. Basin medium
in width and depth, abrupt, somewhat wrinkled.
Skin smooth, orange-yellow partly covered with lively red striped with
deep carmine. Dots scattering, minute, whitish.
Stamens basal.
Core small to medium, axile; cells closed; core lines meeting. Carpels
roundish, slightly elongated, emarginate. Sceds few, dark brown, medium
in size, plump, obtuse.
Flesh yellow, firm, crisp, fine-grained, tender, juicy, pleasant subacid, good
to very good.
Season August and early September.
BIETIGHEIMER,.
REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1881:101 app. 2. Thomas, 1885:521. 3. Hos-
kins, Rural N. Y., 47:646. 1888. 4. Wickson, 1889:243. 5. Can. Hort.,
iE220 B01 Mooo, we. 6. Batley, An. Hort, 1892-234. 7. Can. Hort. 16-14.
HeOg. 2 10, 17-413. 1804. col, pl. 9. Gard. and For., 8:300, 428. 1895. 10.
ime 0m. Soc. Cat, 1897:12. 1. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sita. Bui.,
106 :54. 1902. 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903:48. fig. 13. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul.,
205 :43. 19003. |
SYNONYMS. BEITIGHEIMER (6). BIETIGHEIMER (7, 10, 12, 13). RED BEITIG-
HEIMER (9). Red Beitigheimer (6). Rep BIETIGHEIMER (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, II). .
Fruit remarkable only for its great size and beauty. It is a
good cooking apple but coarse, subacid and not desirable for
dessert use. The fruit being extremely large, drops badly before
18 THe Apples OF NEw YorK.
the crop is ready to pick. In the nursery it is a rough grower
forming many badly shaped trees and for this reason it is best to
topwork it on some good straight stock. The tree comes into
bearing rather early and under favorable conditions is an annual
cropper but only moderately productive. It is a fine fruit for
exhibition but is not worthy of cultivation for either home use or
market.
Historical. Origin, Germany.
TREE.
Tree large, moderately vigorous to vigorous. Form upright spreading or
roundish, dense, with laterals inclined to droop. wigs short, curved, stout,
with large terminal buds; internodes long. Bark dull brown tinged with
green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous,
conspicuous, medium in size, oval, raised. Buds prominent, large, broad,
plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRuITrT.
Fruit very large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate
or inclined to conic, with broad, flat base, somewhat irregular. Stem medium
to short, thick. Cavity large, acute, or approaching acuminate, wide, mod-
erately shallow to rather deep, sometimes furrowed, occasionally lipped,
often much russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to
small, closed; lobes rather narrow, acute. Basin varies from shallow and
obtuse to deep and abrupt, medium in width, somewhat wrinkled, often
marked with mammiform protuberances.
Skin thick, tough, smooth, bright pale yellow to greenish or whitish washed
with pinkish-red and sparingly and obscurely splashed with deeper red. Dots
numerous, small, inconspicuous, yellowish or russet.
Calyx tube broadly conical. Stamens usually basal or nearly so.
Core medium to large, axile to somewhat abaxile; cells partly open; core
lines clasping. Carpels cordate or broadly roundish, a little tufted. Seeds
numerous, large to medium, rather wide, broadly acute, rather light brown.
Flesh almost white, firm, very coarse, crisp, somewhat tough, juicy, sub-
acid, fair to nearly good.
Season September and October.
BIRTH,
REFERENCES. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 8:42, 73. 1881-82. 2. Budd, fa.
Hort. Soc. -Rpt., 1882:79. 3. fb., 1883:444, 685. fe. Aa Mioneenterton:.
Soc. Rpt., 1883 :107. fg. 5. N. Vo Sia. An. pt, 2/35 ooo eOsumeeelon
Coll. Bul., 1885:18. 7. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:80. 8. N.Y. Sia.
An Kipie LT 5oS. LSO2 si Os iG.. SiC Sil Ale On SOO:
Synonyms. BrirtH (8, 9). CuHrist BirtH (6). CHRIST BirTH APPLE
(2, 3). Chnst Birth: Apple (4). Curistmas (7). SNoy 70m Gree ome a
BIETIGHEIMER
oy
hee
prt a
THE Apples oF NEw York. 19
(2, 6, 9). 16r M (2). RESCHESTWENSKOE (5). Roschdestvenskoe (6).
ROSCHDESTWENSKOE (4). MRoschdestwenskoe (3). ROSHDESTRENSKOE (1).
A Russian apple received in 1888 from Dr. T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vt.,
for testing at this Station. Fruit above medium, roundish conic, slightly
ribbed; skin greenish-yellow with a shade of brownish-red; flesh mild sub-
acid, fair quality; ripens here in September. Not valuable.
BISMARCK,
REBPRENGES.) 1. Lloge, 1884-161.) 2. ural N. Vo 65:27° 288 321, 600,
1896. 3. Van Deman, /b., 56:241, 503, 534, 508, 662. 1807. figs. 4. Green,
LA aOnIE NOG. Kept, 18Q7-32)) 5 eural IN. Vo, 57::786.. 1808. 6. Bunyard,
Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:356. 7. Can. Hort., 22:240. 1899. 8. Amer.
Gard., 20:124, 782. 1899. figs. 9. Van Deman, Rural N. Y., 58:688. 1809.
MmDcdciM VAN. Yanilon. Soc iept, 1900585. Ii. Wauch,) Vt. Sta. An, Rpt.,
Heoomigol, 612. Can. Hort. 25°47. 1902) 13. Rural N. Y., 612626: 1002:
14. Budd-Hansen, 1903:49. 15. Rural N. Y., 62:809. 1903.
SMNUON VMS. SIG MARCK (2) 93.04.8505 7.9), Il, 12, 13, 14, 15). BISMARK
(10). Prince Bismark (1). Prince Bismark (10).
Bismarck is evidently related to the Aport group of apples. In
size and general appearance it somewhat resembles Alexander.
Fruit large, attractive in color, suitable for kitchen and market
purposes but inferior in dessert qualities. It ranks about with
Alexander and Wolf River in quality. It begins to ripen in
October and its season extends from October to early winter. It
has not been tested enough in this country to demonstrate its
market value. The tree is dwarfish, healthy, hardy, comes into
bearing very young, is a reliable cropper and very productive.
Even when grown as standards the trees may he planted muck
more closely together than ordinary commercial varieties.
Historical. Originated in the Province of Canterbury, New Zealand. In-
troduced into this country from England about ten years ago.
TREE.
Tree dwarfish with very short, stout, drooping branches. Form spreading,
open. Jwigs short, curved, moderately stout; internodes medium. Bark
dull brownish, tinged with green, lightly coated with scarf-skin, pubescent.
Lenticels scattering, medium to large, oval, slightly raised. Buds medium
in size, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
Fruit.
Fruit very large or large, rather uniform in size and shape. Form round-
ish oblate to roundish conic, flattened at the base, pretty regular; sides often
20 THE APPLES OF NEw YORK.
unequal. Stem short to medium, thick. Cavity usually rather large, acumi-
nate, moderately wide to wide, deep, often compressed, greenish or russet
with outspreading russet rays. Calyx large, open; lobes short, rather broad,
nearly obtuse. Basin large to very large, usually symmetrical, deep, moder-
ately wide to wide, very abrupt, sometimes broadly and irregularly furrowed
and wrinkled.
Skin rather thick, tough, smooth, greenish or yellow washed, mottled and
striped with two shades of red becoming solid dark red on the exposed
cheek, overspread with thin bloom and often marked with thin scarf-skin
about the base. Dots minute and russet or large and pale gray. Prevailing
effect attractive red with less of a striped appearance than Alexander.
Calyx tube wide, broadly conical to somewhat funnel-form. Stamens
basal.
Core medium to rather small, axile to somewhat abaxile; cells closed or
sometimes open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels flat,
broadly ovate to nearly cordate, tufted. Seeds few, often abortive, medium
size, rather wide, short, plump, obtuse to acute, medium brown.
Flesh nearly white, moderately firm, coarse, rather tender, juicy, subacid,
sprightly, fair to good or nearly good.
Season October to early winter.
BLACK ANNETTE.
REFERENCES. I. Elliott, 1854:167. 2. ? Warder, 1867:713. 3. Downing,
1869 :90.
Synonyms. None.
A rather small dark red apple formerly grown to a limited extent in some
sections of New York and other Eastern states. Season November and De-
cember. It is now practically obsolete: here. The Black Annette mentioned
by Hansen when grown in Central Iowa keeps through the winter which
indicates that it is distinct from the variety here described. See Vol. I.
BLENHEIM.,
REFERENCES. I. Turner, London Hort. Soc. Trans., 3:322. 1819. 2. For-
syth, 1824:134. 3. Pom. Mag., 1:No. 28. 1828. col. pl. 4. Ronalds, 183x :61.
fig. 5. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 104. 6. Kenrick, 1832:72. 7. Floy-
Lindley, 1833:20. 8. Downing, 1845:81. 9. Horticultunist es ssommeuerye
10. Phomas, 1849:144. 11. Emmons, Nat. Hist. No VY.) 3 -2oneresieeenenele
liott, 1854:167. 13. Hooper, 1857:19. 14. Lucas, Ed.) ME andoesOesic.
1:515. 1859. 15. Warder, 1867:713. 16. Regel, 1:461. 1868. 17. Berghuis,
1868:No: 61. col. pl. 18. Fult. Jour. Hort, 7-166. 1870. 19) Dowmime,
1872 :3 .app. 20. Leroy, 1873:130. fig. 21. Am. Pom: SocuCapeaeegseo:
22. Lauche; 1882:No. 36. col. pl. 23: Bensel, Rural Neve enzo gemacs:
24. Hogg, 1884:24. 25. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:288. 26. Can.
Hort., 15:40, 72, Ill, 124, 156, 188, 206. 1802. 27. Bailey, Am. Hori. rag2:
235: 28. Can. Hort., 10:113, 200: 1893. 29, Bredsted, 2-157, 1cosum soo me
Fr, Stas. An. Rpt., 1:24. 1804. 31. Gaucher, 1894 No.8. col play eeanGarn:
and. For., 9:15. 1800; 33. Bunyard, Jour, Roy, Hore Soc. 1s9e-s5 ses
expe
ADELA
es
\ (0
G poonpo
2) MO
dVAS
ld
THE Apples OF NEw YoRK. 21
Amer. Gard., 19:344. 1808. 35. Can. Hort., 24:353. 1901. figs. 36. Ont. Fr.
Sias. An. Rpt., 8:6. 19001. figs. 37. Eneroth-Smirnoff, 1901:197. 38. Ma-
coummean. Dept. Agr, Bul, 37-40, Tool. 39. Budd-Hansen, 1903;:51. 40.
Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sia. Bul., 248:113. 1904.
Synonyms. Belle d’ Angers (31). BLENHEIM (20, 23, 34, 35, 36, 30, 40).
Bilenhem (5, 18, 10). BreNHEIW ORANGE (1, 2, 4, 6, 13, 15, 26, 28, 32, 33).
Bienwvenmn: Oranze (3, 5, 7,6, 10, 11, 12, 18, 10) 20, 24, 31, 34, 35, 36, 30, 40).
DEBE IPPING (357, O70, 10, 1h, 12, 160, 17, 18, 10, 21, 24,25, 27, 20, 30,
38). Blenhewm Pippin (6, 20, 26, 28, 31, 34, 35, 36, 30, 40). BLENHEIMSRENETT
(327). Bloommg Orange (18, 10, 31). Dredge’s Fane (31). Dutch Mig-
nonne, err. (18, 19). Gloucester Pippin (31). GOLDREINETTE VON BLENHEIM
(14, 22, 31). Goldreinette von Blenheim (20). Impératrice Eugénie (31).
Kempster's Pippin (18, 10, 20, 24, 31, 32). Lorp NELSon (incorrectly in some
nursery catalogues). Lucius Apfel (31). Northampton (31). Northwick
Pippin (5, 18, 19, 20, 24, 31). Orange Blenheim (31). Orange Pippin (31).
Perle d’Angleterre (31). Prince of Wales (31). Pomme de Blenheim (31).
Remetie de Blenheim (31). Ward's Pippin (31). Woodstock (2, 35, 36).
WagodstOGre up pii. (335, 0) 7, 8; 10; IT, 12. 18, 10; 20,24, 31, 34).
Fruit large to very large, yellow, more or less -washed and
striped with red, attractive in appearance and of excellent qual:ty.
The commercial season in the southeastern portions of the State
is October. In Western New York it comes into season with the
Twenty Ounce and keeps into early winter (31). Often specimens
of it may be kept much later. Macoun gives its season in Ontario
asmNovemmerrand December (28), Whe fruit is desirable both tor
home and market uses but the variety is usually unsatisfactory for
commercial planting because it is not a good keeper, is variable
in season and commonly suffers cons:derable loss in drops and
culls. In some locations, however, it is considered a good profit-
able variety.
Origin Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England. It found its way into the Lon-
don nurseries about the year 1818 (24). Although it has long been known
in portions of New York and adjacent states and in Canada in no part of
this region has it assumed very great commercial importance.
TREE.
Tree large, vigorous, productive, bearing its fruit singly and evenly dis-
tributed. Form upright spreading. Twigs very stout. Bark clear, light
reddish-brown becoming dark.
Fruit.
Fruit usually large or above medium. Form roundish oblate to roundish
inclined to conic, usually pretty regular and symmetrical, sometimes a little
22 THE APPLES OF NEw YORK.
furrowed at the apex. Stem short to medium. Cavity below medium to
rather large, rather narrow to wide, moderately deep to deep, acute to acumi-
nate, usually symmetrical, sometimes compressed or lipped, covered with rus-
set which often extends beyond the cavity. Calyx large or very large; seg-
ments flat, separated at base plainly exposing the yellowish tube beneath;
lobes obtuse. Basin large, broad, shallow and obtuse to deep and abrupt,
somewhat furrowed and slightly wrinkled.
Skin moderately thin and tough, deep yellow overspread with a rather
dull pinkish-red, in highly colored specimens developing a deep and rather
bright red somewhat roughened in places with netted capillary russet lines.
Dots numerous, small or conspicuously large and russet. Prevailing effect
rather attractive red and yellow.
Calyx tube short, very wide, cone-shape. . Stamens median to somewhat
basal.
Core medium or below, axile or somewhat abaxile; cells often unequally
developed, closed or partly open; core lines meeting. Carpels flat, tufted,
emarginate. Seeds few and frequently abortive, irregular, often not plump,
long, acute to acuminate, tufted.
Flesh tinged with yellow, rather firm, moderately juicy, crisp, moderately
fine grained or a little coarse, somewhat aromatic, agreeable sprightly sub-
acid, becoming rather mild subacid, good to very good; excellent either for
dessert or culinary use.
Season. It is at its best from October to December but often may be
kept until midwinter or later.
BLUSHED CAEVIECE:
REFERENCES. I. Budd, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1882:80. 2. Schroeder, Mon-
treal Hort. Soc: Rpt., 1886-87 :72. 3. Budd, Can, Morin =a-223 enemas:
4. 1b., Rural N. Y., 472602. 1888. 5. 1b. la: Agr. Coll, Bulla asQee tee
Can. Hort., 13;216:-18090.- 7: Ib. Ja. Sta Bul- 10/535 oO cae eoae eur
Minn. Sta. Bul., 32:241. 1803.° 9. Munson, Me. Sige kprrsgoe ee:
Thomas, 1897:265. fg. 11. Hansen, S. DD! Sita. Bull 7oes2 sane
12. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :52.
SYNONYMS. -BLUSHED CALVILLE (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12). ALVIELE
INGUNSINGONe (Ob). aA)" 2a sl (Cig & We Sis 2).
Blushed Calville is said to be hardy and desirable in northern apple-grow-
ing regions (11). As fruited at this Station the tree does not come into
bearing very young and is not very productive. It is not recommended for
planting in this state.
Historical. Origin Russia.
TREE.
Tree rather small, moderately vigorous with short, stout branches. Form
upright spreading, open. Twigs medium in length, curved and stout with
large terminal buds; internodes long. Bark brownish mingled with
olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels
scattering, medium in size, round, slightly raised. Buds prominent, large,
broad, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent.
BLENHEIM
THE Apples oF NEW YORK. 22
FRuIT.
Fruit medium to large, fairly uniform in shape and size. Form roundish
conical, ribbed; sides unequal. Stem usually long and slender. Cavity acute
to acuminate, rather narrow to moderately wide, moderately deep, some-
times russeted. Calyx large, closed or open. Basin medium in width and
depth to wide and deep, a little abrupt, wrinkled.
Skin light green or yellowish, sometimes blushed.
Calyx tube broad, cone-shaped. Stamens median.
Core very large, abaxile; cells wide open; core lines clasping. Secds
medium in size, acute.
Flesh whitish, firm, rather coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, fair to good.
Season early summer.
BONUM.
REFERENCES. I. Robey, Horticulturist, 11:89. 1856. 2. Downing, 1857:
Poni eon SoG Cat., 1800:240; 4. Warder, 186077424. fg. 5. Leroy,
noeeingaiie. 960. Lhomas, 1875-1900. 7. Barty, 1883 :343. 8. Bailey, An.
IAG eeteg2e235- 9. Dempsey, Ont Fr. Sias. An. Rpt, 2:32. 1805. 10. Bur-
Dilan vViceluer M1). Sia. Bul. -A5-315. ré06. rm. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bul,
iota OO eT2 eowell and Hulton, Ul S. Bs Po I. Bul: 48:38. 1002.
13. Budd-Hansen, 1903:54. fig.
SONS bOoNUM (i 2, 3.°4, 5, 6, 7, 8 0, 10, 11, 12; 13). Magnum
Bonum (2, 4, 5, 7).
This is a southern variety of very good quality when grown under fevor-
able conditions. It is in season during late fall and early winter. Probably
it is not well adapted to regions as far north as New York, for although it
has long been cultivated it is practically unknown among New York fruit
growers.
Historical. Origin Davidson county, N. C. It was entered on the catalogue
of the American Pomological Society in i860, dropped from the list in
1862 and reéntered in 1869. According to Bailey’s Inventory of North
American Apples (8) it is now propagated but little by nurserymen.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading or roundish, open.
Twigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout; internodes medium. Bark
dall brown, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels
quite numerous, small, round, not raised. Buds medium in size, flat, acute,
free, not pubescent.
Imei (2; zl, Os 54 13))-
Fruit medium to large. Form oblate, regular. Stem long, slender to
moderately thick, green. Cavity medium to large, deep, regular, often with
a little green russet. Calyx large, closed. Basin medium in width, shallow,
wrinkled.
~ Skin smooth, yellow, mostly covered with crimson and dark red, striped.
Dots distinct, large, light with some having a dark center.
Calyx tube funnel-form Stamens marginal.
24 Tue AppLes oF NEw York.
Core small; cells closed; core lines scarcely meeting. Carpels ovate.
Seeds numerous, large, plump.
Flesh white, often stained next to the skin, firm, fine, tender, juicy, aro-
matic, mild subacid, very good for dessert.
Season September to November.
BOROVINKA.
REFERENCES. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rept., 8:37. 188162) )2200G) eas.
1e81-82. 3. Budd, va. Hort. Soc Kpt., 1882:50. 4. Gibb, ip tssaee
5. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt, 9:80: 1683: fg. 6. Budd, Jan AecraColeeaa.
1885:0. 7. £ Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Kp, 1886-57712 oe
1886-87:79. 9. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt, 1888:571. 10) Buddeiaav2e.
Coll. Bul., 1890:18. 11. Can. Hort., 132216, 18090. “12, Buddiyigny 5S aaaame
192536. 1802: 13: Harris, U.S. Pom. Rpt, 18923272, 276. tA aera
Pom. Soc. Rpi., 1892758. 15. Niemetz, Can. Hort, 1020s eee
Green, Minn. Sta. Bul., 32:240. 1803. 17. Stinson, Av. Sid.) ae
1896. 18. Fhomas, 1897:629. 19. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat, 1807-12. 2osma
sen, S. D. Sta. Bul), 76:33. 1002. 21.) Farrand, Mich, Sige 0 -eeeye
1903. 22. Budd-Hansen, 1903:54. fig.
SYNONYMS. ‘BoROVINKA: (1, 5, 6, 8, 0, 10) Ll, 12,13) 14) 15s 1s n anne
21, 22). Borovinka (4). Borovirsky (18). BorovinKA ANGLUSKAIA (2,
3). (ENGLISH BorovinKA, 7)? MusHroom (4). Mushroom (5). 9 M (2,
a) INOS Batt (GO, @), iO), 02, 7)
Borovinka resembles Oldenburg so closely that Hansen says the question
of their identity has not been settled (20): As iruited at this’ staniommteedts
distinct from Oldenburg; it is fully as attractive as Oldenburg in color but
it lacks uniformity in size and is not equal to that variety in flavor and
quality. The stock grown at this Station came from Professor J. L. Budd,
Ames, Ia., in 1890, and is doubtless the true Borovinka.
Historical. Origin Russia.
TREE.
Tree below medium size but moderately vigorous. Form upright spread-
ing to rather flat, open. Jwigs short, curved, stout; internodes short. Bark
dark brown, lightly mottlec with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels
scattering, medium to large, oblong, slightly raised. Buds prominent, medium
in size, broad, plump, obtuse to acute, free, not pubescent.
ERUIT.
Fruit below medium to large, averaging medium; pretty uniform in shape
but not in size. Form roundish, slightly flattened at the ends, regular or
faintly ribbed. Stem medium in length, thick. Cavity acute, rather shallow
to moderately deep, moderately broad, slightly furrowed, sometimes with
faint radiating rays of russet. Calyx medium to rather large, closed; lobes
broad. Basin medium to rather deep, wide, somewhat abrupt, slightly fur-
rowed, occasionally showing mammiform protuberances.
THE APpLes oF NEw YORK. 25
Skin thin, very tender, smooth, pale yellow, often entirely covered with
broken stripes and irregular splashes of attractive bright red, overspread
with thin bluish bloom. Dots numerous, conspicuous, very small, light
colored.
Calyx tube large, rather wide, urn-shape to funnel-form widening in the
lower part of the funnel cylinder. Stamens median to marginal.
Core small to medium, axile; cells closed or nearly so; core lines clasping.
Carpels roundish, somewhat concave, mucronate, not emarginate. Seeds
medium to rather large, moderately wide, plump, somewhat obtuse, dark
brown.
Flesh tinged with yellow, medium in grain, crisp, tender, moderately juicy
to juicy, agreeable subacid, slightly aromatic, good.
Season mid-August to mid-September.
BOSKOOP.
REFERENCES. 1. Berghuis, 1868: col. pl. No. 43. 2. Oberdieck, Monatshefte,
1869:103. 3. Oberdieck, Deutschlands beste Obstsorten, 212. 4. Lauche,
Erganzungsband zum Ill. Handb., 265. 5. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 7:56,
LC weroomnO. Wowmine, 1881-77 app. ng. 7- Budd, Ia. Hort. Soc. 1882: 8.
Barry, 1883 :342. -9. Willard, W.-N. Y. Hort. Soc., 1889:171 (reprint in Mich.
Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1889:329). 10. Palandt, Gartenflora, 38:425. 18809. col. pl.
Pie hOCiom Odio.) 12 32386. 1880, 12, Batley, An. Hori., 1892:234. 13.
batlevseiwemnGara., TA50l, 1803. 14. Craig, Can. Hort., 16:138. 1803. fg.
15. Bredsted, 1893:233. 16. Gaucher, Pomologie, 1894:No. 20. col. pl.
iPeoeacnmanduCGlank, WV, VarSta., Bul. 248°113. ood:
SYNONYMS. BELLE DE Boscoop (11). BELLE oF BoskKoop (9). BELLE DE
BOSKOORM (Om Zo l2) 13, 14, 15).- Belle de Boseoop (16, 17). BosKoor (5,
17). Reimette Belle de Boskoop (16). Reinette Monstrueuse (16). Rei-
nette von Montfort (16). SCHONER VON BoskoopP (2, 3, 4, 10, 16). SCHOONE
von Bosxoop (1). Schoone van Boskoop (16).
In some locations this fruit becomes highly colored with attractive bright
red predominating, but more often +he color is not good, being predominantly
dull green or yellow and more or less zusseted. It is more suitable for gen-
eral market and culinary purposes than for dessert. It is of good size but
does not rank high in quality; the texture is somewhat coarse, and the
flavor rather too acid for an agreeable dessert apple, but late in the season
its acidity becomes modified. It appears to be pretty hardy and a good
bearer. When grown on warm soils in Southern New York it may be
marketed in September, but in the more northern regions of the state it
keeps into the winter. It is perhaps of sufficient merit to be worthy of
testing but we are not yet ready to recommend it for general planting.
Historical. This variety is said to have originated from seed in 1856 in
the nursery of the Ottolander family at Boskoop (1, 4). Palandt finds that
it is identical with the variety described by Lauche and Oberdieck as “ Rei-
nette von Montfort” (4). It was imported into this country more than
twenty-five years ago (5) and has gradually been disseminated to a limited
extent in various portions of New York state.
26 ‘THr APPLES oF New York.
TREE.
Tree rather large, moderately vigorous; branches long, moderately stout,
crooked; lateral branches numerous and small. Form open, wide-spreading
and drooping. Twigs rather short to long, straight, rather stout; internodes
below medium to very long. Bark dark brownish-red, mingled with olive-
green; somewhat pubescent. Lenticels numerous, conspicuous, small, oblong
or roundish. Buds rather large, broad, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent.
Leaves large, broad.
Fruit.
Fruit large. Form usually oblate, sometimes roundish oblate, obscurely
ribbed, sometimes with oblique axis; pretty uniform in size and shape.
Stem usually short and thick, sometimes rather long. Cavity rather large,
acute to acuminate, somewhat furrowed, often irregular, deep, russeted.
Calyx large; segments long or very long, acuminate, closed or somewhat
open, sometimes separated at the base. Basin abrupt, rather narrow, mod-
erately shallow to rather deep, sometimes slightly furrowed.
Skin dull green or yellowish, sometimes blushed and mottled with rather
bright red, and striped with deeper red, roughened with russet flecks, often
irregularly overspread with russet. Dots small and gray, mingled with
others which are large, irregular and russet.
Calyx tube large, cone-shape. Stamens median to basal.
Core medium to small, somewhat abaxile; cells often unsymmetrical,
closed or open; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels roundish or obcordate,
‘a little tufted. Seeds apt to be abortive; when well developed they are long,
irregular, obtuse to acute, somewhat tufted.
Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, somewhat coarse, tender, juicy, crisp, brisk
subacid, good to very good.
Season. Commercial season September to November (17). As grown
in Western New York generally some of the fruit may be kept till April.
BOUGH SWEET.
This variety is also known as Bough Apple, Large Yellow
Bough, Sweet Bough and Summer Sweet Bough. It is listed in
the late catalogues of the American Pomological Society! as
Bough, Sweet but most nurserymen list it as Sweet Bough.’
We prefer to recognize the name commonly accepted by nursery-
men and accordingly have described the variety under the name
Sweet Bough. See page 2106.
BRESKOVKA.
REFERENCES. I. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87 -80. 2. Budd,
Can. Hort., 11-246. 1888. 3. Tb., Rural N. Vo 147-002. tSSGssey elon:
Aer. Col. Bul. 1890:17. 5. 1b., Ta. Sta. Bul., 19:535. 1802. 6. Greeny Mann.
1 Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:12.
2 Bailey, An. Hort. 1892:235, 250.
Tue Apptes oF NEw York. ZG]
Sta. Bul., 32:240. 1893. 7. Thomas, 1897:629. 8. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul.,
76:34. 1902. 9. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :56.
Sunonwus, DBRESKOVKA (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9). 12M (©, 3,4, 5, 8,9).
A hardy Russian variety of Yellow Transparent type, in season during late
August and early September. The flesh quickly discolors as the ripening
season advances. It is rather attractive in color for a yellow apple but
does not average above medium size and it is not equal to Yellow Trans-
parent in either flavor or quality. Not recommended for growing in New
York.
BUNKER HILL.
REFERENCE. 1. Downing, 1872:4 app. fig.
Synonyms. None.
This variety has been planted to some extent in Central New York and
is regarded by some fruit growers in that region as a profitable commercial
sort. The tree is large, upright spreading, vigorous to moderately vigorous
with long, spreading, moderately stout twigs. It is hardy, healthy, medium
to long-lived and a reliable cropper, usually bearing heavy crops biennially.
The fruit is subacid and good either for dessert or culinary uses. It is in
season from mid-autumn to early winter.
Historical. Originated in the orchard of Dr. Paige, Dryden, Tompkins
county; N. YY: (1).
Fruit (1).
“Fruit medium, roundish conical, regular; skin pale whitish-yellow shaded,
mottled, striped and splashed with two shades of red, rather thinly over
two-thirds of the surface, and moderately sprinkled with light dots, a few
being areole; stalk short, slender; cavity medium or large, a little greenish;
calyx closed; basin medium, slightly corrugated; flesh quite white, some-
times a little stained next the skin, fine, tender, juicy, subacid, vinous, slight
quince-like flavor; very good; core rather small.”
BUY TER.
REFERENCES. I. Elliott, 1854:125,159,174. 2. Downing, 1857:125. 3.
Warder, 1867:302. 4. Downing, 1869:112. 5. Fitz, 1872:152. 6. Thomas,
nO Os 72 wacan, UL S. B. P. I. Bul., 56:60. 1005.
Synonyms. None.
Downing describes a variety under this name which is above medium size,
yellow, with whitish flesh, very sweet and rich, valuable for cooking and
esteemed for making apple butter; season September and October (2, 4).
Other varieties have been known under the name Butter which, as Downing
remarks, “appears to be a favorite name with some to apply to any good |
sweet apple for sauce or cooking.”
The references above cited do not all refer to the same variety.
28 THE APPLES OF NEw YORK.
CABASHEA,
REFERENCES. I. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1849:350. 2. Emmons, Nat.
Hist. N. Y., 32103. 1851. 3. Warder, 1867-714, 4. Ditonmiassems 95 ees
Beach, Apples of New York, 1:91. 1905.
SYNONYMS. CABASHEA (1, 3, 4, 5). Cabashea (2). CABASHIE (2).
The name Cabashea has been applied by many pomologists to
the variety commonly known among fruit growers and fruit dealers
as Twenty Ounce Pippin (5), an apple which comes in season
about with Tompkins King. The variety which is generally known
in Western New York as Cabashea comes in season about with
the true Twenty Ounce but it is not so good a keeper. In 1851
Emmons published a cut of a section of this Cabashea showing
well its characteristically oblate form. Emmons remarked, “ This
apple is more remarkable for its size than for its valuable qualities.
It is not, however, an inferior apple. For cooking it is cer-
tainly esteemed, as it has a pleasant and agreeable taste. It is,
however, too large.” The tree is hardy, healthy, medium to long-
lived, and a pretty regular cropper, yielding moderate to rather
light crops nearly annually... It is not considered a good commercial
variety because it is not sufficiently productive and the fruit does
not sell very well.
Historical. This variety appears to be a Western New York seedling (1).
It is now seldom or never planted.
TREE.
Tree medium size, moderately vigorous. Form erect or somewhat spread-
ing. Twigs medium to long, curved, spreading, stout to rather slender;
internodes medium. Bark reddish-brown tinged with olive-green, streaked
with scarf-skin, heavily pubescent near tips. Lenticels conspicuous, scat-
tering, large, oval, raised. Buds large, broad, obtuse, free, pubescent; tips
stout.
FRUIT.
Fruit large to very large, fairly uniform in size and shape. Form roundish
oblate to decidely flat, obscurely ribbed; sides somewhat unequal. Stem
usually short, moderately slender. Cavity acute, deep, very broad, often
somewhat furrowed, much russeted with greenish russet often extending
beyond the cavity. Calyx large or sometimes medium, usually closed; lobes
long, medium in width, acute. Basin large, deep, wide, somewhat furrowed,
unsymmetrical.
CABASHEA
THE AppLes OF NEW York. 29
Skin moderately tender, smooth, slightly unctuous, yellowish-green mottled
and blushed with yellowish-red, with broad stripes and splashes of brighter
and deeper red. Dots small, inconspicuous, often submerged. Prevailing
color in many specimens yellowish-green with broad stripes of faint red;
in more highly-colored specimens the red striping becomes quite distinct.
Calyx tube large, wide, conical. Stamens basal.
Core large, decidely abaxile; cells wide open; core lines meeting. Car-
fels elongated ovate, distinctly concave, slightly tufted. Seeds few, medium
size, irregular, plump, obtuse, dark.
Flesh greenish or tinged somewhat with yellow, rather firm, coarse, crisp,
juicy, subacid or quite acid, fair for dessert, good for cooking.
Season September and October.
CATHEAD.
IRPRPRENGES. 1. Forsyth, 1803:56. 2. Coxe, 1817:133. fig. 3. Thacher,
1822:122. 4. Floy-Lindley, 1833:48. 5. Downing, 1845:103. 6. Thomas,
1949 :179. 7. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:86. 1851. 8. Elliott, 1854 :168.
GawWarder 1867:715. 10. Leroy, 1873:842. fig. 11. Hogg, 1884 :41.
SYNONYMS. CATHEAD (2, 3, 8). Cathead Greening (5, 6, 8). CATSHEAD
(4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11). Catshead (4, 10). Catshead Greening (10). Costard
(4). Costard Ray (7). Coustard (4). De Seigneur dAutomne (10).
Grosse-Schafnasé (10). Round Catshead (5, 8, 10). Schafnasé (10). Tete
d’Ange (10). TETE DE CHAT (I0).
Formerly grown in some of the home orchards of the state but now practi-
cally obsolete. Fruit very large, pale green, subacid. Used for cooking and
evaporating. An old English variety. Ray described it as long ago as
T6088 (4).
GERES TTA.
REFERENCES. 1. Warder, 1867:530. fig. 2. Downing, 1869:122. 3. Fitz,
1872:173. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:236. 5. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta.
Bul., 106:52. 1902. 6. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:114, 1904.
Synonyms. None.
Fruit not particularly attractive in color and as tested at this Station not
superior to ordinary varieties in quality. Warder says (1) that it is es-
sentially an amateur’s fruit of very best quality but its texture and color
disqualify it for market. The tree is a moderate grower and not very
productive. Not recommended for cultivation in New York.
Historical. Originated from seed of Stillwater Sweet by L. S. Mote,
Miami county, Ohio (1).
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with short, stout, curved branches. Form up-
right spreading, roundish, rather dense. wigs short to moderately long,
slightly curved, moderately slender; internodes medium to long. Bark
clear brownish-red with some olive-green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin;
pubescent. Lenticels numerous, small to medium, elongated or roundish,
30 THe Apples OF NEw York.
slightly raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse to somewhat acute, free,
slightly pubescent.
Fruit.
Fruit medium to large, usually above medium, uniform in size and shape.
Form roundish inclined to conic, somewhat flattened at the base, markedly
ribbed, irregular, somewhat angular. Stem medium to long, thick. Cavity
obtuse to somewhat acute, moderately deep to deep, rather broad, somewhat
furrowed, usually russeted. Calyx medium in size, usually closed; lobes
medium in length, rather narrow, acute. Basin shallow, narrow, rather
abrupt, much furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thick, smooth, rather tender, yellow marbled with pale green, and
occasionally having a thin brownish blush. Dots numerous, smail, incon-
spicuous, submerged, light or russet.
Calyx tube very long to medium, deep, funnel-shape. Stamens median to
somewhat marginal.
Core large, very abaxile to sometimes axile; cells open or closed; core
lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels elliptic to broadly obcordate,
much concave, emarginate, much tufted. Seeds large, wide, long, obtuse,
dark dull brown.
Flesh very strongly tinged with yellow, rather firm, moderately coarse,
crisp, tender, juicy, pleasant, rather mild, subacid, good.
Season October to January.
CHAMPLAIN.
REFERENCES. I. N. E. Farmer, 1853 (cited by 14). 2. Downing, 1857 :128.
3. Warder, 1867:637. 4. Downing, 1869:368. fig. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat.,
1871:10. 6. Leroy, 1873:828: fg. 97. Thomas, 1875 107,400; —05-ebonny
1883 :334. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:245. 10. [b., 1892:250. 11. Am. Pom.
Soc. Cat., 1897:12. 12. Waugh, Vt. Sia. An. Rpt, 14-200 19 orn eadee=
Hansen, 1903::61. 14. Ragan, U2 S.B! P21 Bul 56 -300mernaars
Synonyms. Calkin’s Pippin (4, 14). CHAMPLAIN (1, 2, 3, 5, II, 12, 13, 14).
Champlain (4, 6, 7, 8. 14). Geneva Pearmain (4, 6, 14). Haverstraw Pippin
(4, 14). Large Golden Pippin (4, 6, 14). Nyack (9, 13). Nyack Pippin
(9). Nyack Pippm (4, 14). Paper (3, 4, 6, 14). Paper-Skimete ae
Sourbough (13). Sour Bough (4, 6, 7, 14). SUMMER PrepIn (4, 6, 7, 8,
10, 14). Summer Pippin (13,14). Tart Bough (4, 6, 14). Underdunk (4, 6,
14). Vermont (14). Walworth (4, 6, 14).
Nurserymen sometimes list this variety as Nyack, and sometimes
as Summer Pippin, but seldom or never as Champlain (9, Io).
Fruit of good size, smooth and attractive for a greenish-yellow
apple. It is good for dessert and excellent for culinary use. Since
it ripens in succession from late August till October, more than
two pickings are required to secure the crop in good condition,
neither too green nor too ripe. The tree is a good grower, hardy,
CHAMPLAIN
THE AppLes OF NEw York. 31
healthy, and moderately long-lived. It comes into bearing rather
young and is a reliable cropper, yielding good crops biennially or
almost annually. Some find Champlain a profitable commercial
variety, but usually it is grown for home use rather than for
market.
Historical. Origin unknown. In 1871 (5) it was included in the list of
the American Pomological Society's Catalogue under the name Summer
Pippin, but since 1897 it has been listed as Champlain (11). Old trees of
it are frequently found in the home orchards throughout the state. It is
now seldom planted.
TREE.
Tree medium to large, vigorous with long and moderately stout branches.
Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs long to medium,
straight, moderately stout; internodes long. Bark dull brown tinged with
olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, heavily pubescent. Lenticels
scattering, medium size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium size, plump,
obtuse, appressed, pubescent.
FRuIt.
Fruit medium to large, not very uniform in size or shape. Form round-
ish, rather conical to ovate or somewhat oblong, irregularly ribbed; sides
somewhat unequal. Stem medium to long, medium to rather thick. Cavity
acuminate to acute, moderately shallow to deep, rather narrow to medium
in. width, sometimes furrowed and usually lightly russeted. Calyx small to
medium, closed or slightly open. Basin shallow to medium in depth, nar-
row, a little abrupt, nearly smooth.
Skin tender, greenish-yellow or pale yellow, often with a light crimson
blush. Dots numerous, small, russet or submerged.
Calyx tube conical to funnel-form, usually rather short but sometimes
elongated. Stamens median to marginal.
Core large, axile to somewhat abaxile; cells open; core lines clasp the
funnel cylinder. Carpels smooth, elongated ovate, not emarginate. Seeds
rather dark brown, medium size, rather narrow and short, plump, sharp
pointed, almost acuminate.
Flesh white or with slight tinge of yellow, rather fine, very tender, juicy,
sprightly, subacid, good to very good.
Season late August till October.
CHANDLER,
REFERENCES. 1. Kenrick, 1835:65. 2. Floy-Lindley, 1846:410, app.
Bbhonias, 1649-104. 4. Cole, 18497122 5. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:67.
1851. 6. Elliott, 1854:168. 7. Downing, 1857:128. 8. Hooper, 1857 :24.
g. Warder, 1867:715. 10. Downing, 1869:122. 11. Fitz, 1872 :160.
SmNonyvwse) CrrANDeER (i 2) 354 5. O71 c OF LO, 11). Chandlers Red
(11). General Chandler (1). Late Chandler (10). Winter Chandler (6).
32 THe Apples OF NEw York.
‘In 1854 Elliott included Chandler in a list of varieties unworthy of cultiva-
tion (6). It is a late fall apple, yellowish striped with red. Tree moderately
vigorous but a great bearer (7, 10). An old variety supposedly of Con-
necticut origin though Kenrick (1) ascribes it to Chelmsford, Mass. There
may be a confusion of two varieties. It is now but little cultivated.
Waugh describes another Chandler of sweet flavor which seems to be un-
known in New York. He states that it is an old variety of Connecticut
origin.
FRUIT 1G5.16,972010))
Fruit large. Form roundish, slightly oblate, irregular, unsymmetrical; sides
unequal. Stem short.
Skin greenish-yellow, shaded and frequently striped with yellowish-red and
with a few streaks of bright red. Dots light gray.
Core small. Seeds small.
Flesh greenish-yellow, tender, juicy, moderately rich, subacid.
Season mid-autumn to early winter.
CHARLAMOFF.
REFERENCES. I. (?) Manning, Ju7lt. Jour. Hort., 6:349. 1869. 2. Budd,
Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880:525. 3. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881:53, 156.
4. [b., 1881-82:38. 5. [b:; 1883 :33. 6. Gibb, Jas Bor Some premesaess.
7. Ia. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:10. 8. Schroeder, Montreal Hori. Soc. Rpt.,
1886-87 :77. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:236. 10. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt.,
1892°57, 58. II. Butz; Pa. Sta. Rpt, 1895:134. col. pl 22 eee
Cat., 1899:16. 13. Budd, Ja. Sta. Bul., 41:66. 1899. 14. Macoun, Can. Dept.
Agr. Bul., 37:37. I001-: 15. Hansen, S. DD. Siar Bull 76-45 seeeuen
16. Budd-Hansen, 1903:61. fig.
Synonyms. Avabka (14). CHARLAMOFF (2, 3, 6, G)-O) TON 2. oeeES):
Charlamoff (3). (CHARLOMOSKI, I)? CHARLAMOVSKOE (4). CHARLAMOW-
SKOE (3, 5). Charlamowskoe (6,7). No. 105 (8). No. 262 (3, 5). Peter-
son's Charlamoff (16). PorntEp PipKA (11). Poimted Pipka (14, 16).
A Russian variety of the Oldenburg type imported for the Iowa Agri-
cultural College by J. L. Budd. Macoun states that it has been grown under
several d fferent names in this country, the most common being Pointed Pipka
and Arabka (14). Hansen declares that it is entirely distinct from the
Charlamoff as grown by J. G. Mitchell and A. G. Tuttle which is a flat apple
of upright habit of tree and not as valuable as many more of the same season.
It does very well at Ottawa, Canada, and further north. At its best it is a
good dessert apple but it has the fault of remaining in prime condition for
only a very short time (14). It ripens a little earlier than Oldenburg but as
fruited at this Station is inferior to that variety in quality. It comes into
bearing young and is a reliable cropper, yielding fair to heavy crops bienni-
ally. It is but little known among New York fruit growers. It may be found
of some value in those sections of the state where superior hardiness is a
prime requisite.
THE AppLes OF NEw YorK. 33
CHEESEBORO,
REFERENCES. 1. Mag. Hort., 17:263. 1851. 2. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y.,
aeecor pl. No. 20. 1851. °3. Elliott; 18547068) 4. Downing, 1857-211.
5. Hooper, 1857:25. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1860:243. 7. Warder, 1867 :522.
8. Thomas, 1875:496. 9. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:291. 1901. 10. Ragan,
Peso. fs Bul. 56-70. 1905.
SYNONYMS. Canada Reinette (9). Cathead (9). CHEESEBORO (IO).
CHEESEBORO'S RUSSET (6). CHEESBOROUGH (7). CHEESEBOROUGH (2, Q).
CHEESEBOROUGH RUSSET (1, 3, 4, 5, 8). Checeseborough Russet (9, 10). For-
ever Pippin (10, of some West 3, 5). Howard Russet (3,-4, 5, 10). Kings-
bury Russet (3, 4, 5, 10). Oxheart (9). Pumpkin Sweet of some (10).
Sweet Russet (10). York Russet (10, of some 3, 5). York Russeting (10).
This is an old variety of unknown origin which is fast becoming obsolete.
Tree large to very large, very vigorous, long-lived, a reliable cropper yielding
good to heavy crops biennially or almost annually; form upright spreading or
roundish. Fruit large to very large, conical, dull green overspread with thin
russet, coarse, rather dry, subacid or becoming almost sweet, inferior in
flavor and quality, suitable for kitchen use only; season October to early
winter.
CHENANGO.
REFERENCES. I. Horticulturist, 9:475. 1854. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1869.
pe Mawmimde £609-124. fe. 4. Thomas, 1875:100. 5. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt.,
1879 :472. 6. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:24. 7. Barry, 1883 :337. 8. Wick-
SomemEssge2444..Q. lyon, Mich, ort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:200. 10. Bailey, An.
Hori £892:230. 11. Ib., 1892:2490. 12. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893 7132.
Pennine and McCluer, fil Sta. Bul., 452317. ‘1806. 14. Waugh, Vt. Sta.
AeipietA:2Or. Toor. 5. Alwood, Va. Sia. Bul., 130:120. roor. 16. W.N.
Veo SOG. IPt.. 1901-76, 17. Hansen, S. D:. Sta. Bul., 76:30. 1902.
18. Can. Hort., 26:345. 1903. figs. 19. Budd-Hansen, 1903:62. 20. Farrand,
Machs Sta. Bul. 205:A4. 1903. 21. Bruner, N. C. Sta. Bul., 182:20. 1903.
22. beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:115. 1904.
SYNONYMS. Buckley (3,4). CHENANGO (2, 9, I0, 14, 16, 17, 18, 10, 20,
Zia? ee CHENANGO OTRAWBERRY (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 15). Chenango
Strawberry (10, 11, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22). CHENANGO Strawberry (12). Frank
(3, 4). Jackson (3, 4). SHERWoopD’s Favorite (11). Sherwood’s Favorite
ean 7 24 17-15, 10, 22). Smyrna (3). . Strawberry (1, 3, 4).
Fruit beautiful in appearance, yellowish-white striped with red,
of excellent dessert quality and good also for culinary uses. The
tree is an early and regular bearer, hardy, healthy, and pretty long-
lived. Under favorable conditions it is an annual bearer, alter-
nating rather light with heavy crops. The fruit begins to mature
in September and ripens continuously during a period of several
weeks. For this reason it should have more than one picking in
order to secure the crop in the best condition. The latest ripening
34 THe Apples OF NEw York.
fruit may be kept in ordinary storage till November, but after that
the color fades and it deteriorates much in quality, even though
it may remain apparently sound (22). The fruit does not ship
well because its flesh is too tender. Some find it a profitable vari-
ety to grow for local or special markets, but other varieties of its
season are more desirable than Chenango for general commercial
planting. It is recommended as an excellent variety for the home
orchard.
Historical. Chenango, according to some accounts, originated in Lebanon,
Madison county, N. Y.; others say that it was early brought into Chenango
county by settlers from Connecticut. It has certainly been known in cultiva-
tion for more than fifty years (3). It is still propagated by nurserymen but
the demand for the stock is quite limited.
TREE.
Tree medium size, vigorous with short, stout, curved branches. Form up-
right spreading to roundish, rather dense. Twigs long to medium, curved,
moderately slender; internodes medium. Bark olive-green tinged with dull
brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. JLenticels scattering,
small, round, not raised. Buds deeply set in bark, small, flat, obtuse, ap-
pressed, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium to large, but under unfavorable conditions it may be
small and poorly colored. Form elongated ovate or oblong conic, slightly
ribbed. Stem short to medium, moderately thick. Cavity acute to acuminate,
deep, narrow, often somewhat furrowed and compressed, usually not russeted.
Calyx medium to large, partly open or closed; lobes often separated at the
base, long, broad, obtuse. Basin usually small, medium to rather shallow,
narrow to moderately wide, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, furrowed, sometimes
wrinkled.
Skin rather tough, smooth, glossy, -yellowish-white, often almost entirely
overspread and mottled with attractive pinkish-red, conspicuously striped and
splashed with bright carmine. Dots few, small, inconspicuous, light colored,
often submerged.
Calyx tube long, funnel-shape or nearly so. Stamens median.
Core rather large, abaxile; cells often unsymmetrical, wide open or closed;
core lines clasping. Carpels broadly ovate to oval, smooth. Seeds small,
moderately wide, plump, obtuse, not tufted.
Flesh white, moderately firm, tender, juicy, mild subacid, very aromatic,
good to very good.
Season latter part of August and through September.
CLAPPER BLA,
REFERENCE. 1. Downing, 1869 :127.
SYNONYMS. CLAPPER FLat (1). Flat (1).
CHENANGO
Tue AppLes oF New York. 35
Downing describes a variety under this name which originated in the town
of Bethlehem, Albany county, N. Y. He states (1) that the tree is productive,
the fruit above medium size, pale yellow mostly overspread with deep red,
pleasant subacid and good in quality for culinary uses; season September and
October. We do not know this variety and have found no account of it
except that given by Downing.
CEARIGE:
REFERENCES. I. Rural N._Y., 19:375. 1868. 2. Downing, 1869:127.
3. Leroy, 1873:221. fig. 4. Burrill and McCluer, J/]. Sta. Bul., 45:317. 1806.
5. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:39. 1903. 6. Beach and Clark,
N.Y. Sta. Bul., 248:115. 1904.
SYNONYMS. CLARKE (I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Clarke Beauty.
This variety has been grown to a limited extent locally in some portions of
Central New York. It is not.a good commercial variety, being too tender
and too easily bruised. It is very good for dessert. It is sometimes called
Clarke Beauty. The tree is hardy, healthy and long-lived. It does not come
into bearing very young but when mature is a reliable biennial cropper.
Historical. Originated with J. N. Clarke, Naples, Ontario county, N. Y.
(1, 2). It is now rarely propagated.
c
TREE.
Tree large to medium, vigorous. Form upright spreading to roundish,
rather dense. Jwigs short, curved, stout; internodes medium. Bark brown-
ish and olive-green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent.
Lenticels scattering, medium size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium to
large, broad, acute, free, slightly pubescent.
FRuIt.
Fruit medium to large, averaging above medium. Form roundish oblate to
oblate conic or to oblong conic, usually faintly ribbed, unsymmetrical; not
very uniform in shape. Stem short to medium in length, slender. Cavity
acuminate, deep, rather narrow to moderately wide, usually partly russeted
and often with narrow, broken, outspreading russet rays. Calyx small to
rather large, closed or slightly open. Basin rather shallow to moderately
deep, rather narrow, obtuse to moderately abrupt, slightly furrowed and
wrinkled.
Skin thin, smooth, waxy, pale whitish-yellow or greenish, often faintly
shaded with orange-red or sometimes blushed with crimson; under some
conditions the fruit develops but a slight blush or none. Dots numerous,
small, pale or russet, often submerged.
Calyx tube cone-shape.
Core medium to rather large, abaxile; cells open; core lines slightly clasp-
ing. Carpels broadly roundish, mucronate, slightly tufted. Seeds medium to
rather large, moderately wide, plump, obtuse to acute, slightly tufted, rather
light brown.
36 THE Apples OF NEw York.
Flesh whitish, firm, moderately fine, crisp, tender, juicy, rather sprightly
subacid, good to very good.
Season October to January; some portion of the fruit may keep till spring
but by January it begins to deteriorate in flavor and quality.
CLYDE:
REFERENCES. I. Barry, 1851:283. 2. Elliott, 1854:127. 3. Downing, 1857:
1290. 4. Hoffy, N. A. Pomol., 1860. col. pl. 5. Warderease7ecuenene
6. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1875:6. 7. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880:506. 8. Mo.
Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884. 9. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 10. Bailey,
An. Hort., 1892:236. 11. Thomas, 1897:259. 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :65.
SYNONYMS. CLYDE (3, 8, 0, 10). CLYDE BEAUTY (i) 2) 405) Gre ene:
Beauty (12). Mackie’s Clyde Beauty (2, 3, 4, 11).
A large, late fall apple. So far as we can learn it is now but little grown
in this state. Lyon reports that in Michigan the tree is vigorous, upright,
very productive, and -the fruit desirable for market (9).
Historical. This is a late autumn variety which originated with Mr. Mackie,
of Clyde, Wayne county (3, 4).
TREE.
Tree vigorous, spreading. Twigs reddish-brown.
FRvuIrt.
Fruit large. Form roundish to oblong conic, more or less ribbed. Stem
short, sometimes fleshy. Cavity acute, deep, rather wide, furrowed. Calyx
small, closed. Basin medium in depth, somewhat abrupt, furrowed.
Skin waxy, green or yellow, washed and mottled with dull red and striped
with carmine becoming bright red on the exposed side.
Core large and open. Seeds small, brown. Flesh white, often tender, juicy,
sprightly, pleasant subacid, good to very good.
Season October to December.
COLLAMER.,
The Collamer or Collamer Twenty Ounce is a sport of the
Twenty Ounce, from which it differs in being more highly colored.
As compared with Twenty Ounce, it is less mottled and striped
but more completely covered with red, which often extends in an
unbroken blush over a considerable portion of the fruit. In the
Twenty Ounce this is seldom‘or never seen, but the red is mottled
or appears in heavy stripes and splashes. So far as we have been
able to determine, Collamer 1s more regular in shape and, if ribbed
at all, is less distinctly ribbed than Twenty Ounce. The tree dif-
YANV T1090
Tuer Apples oF NEw York. 25)
fers from Twenty Ounce in that the bark of the young twigs is
more distinctly tinged with red. The fruit being more attractive
than Twenty Ounce, Collamer is worthy of consideration for com-
mercial planting where an apple of the Twenty Ounce type is
desired.
Except in the points of difference above noted, Collamer appears
to be identical with Twenty Ounce, and the reader is referred to
the description of that variety for a technical account of the tree
and fruit.
Historical. This variety originated as a sport of the Twenty Ounce tree
in the orchard of J. B. Collamer, Hilton, N. Y. Mr. Collamer began propa-
gating it about Igoo.
COE FON:
REFERENCES. I. Amer. Gard., 12:573. 1801. figs. 2. Bailey, An. Hort.,
1892 :237. 3. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:132. 4. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An.
inmpieay ot 1590. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:16. 6. Bruner, N.C. Sta.
Bul., 182:20. 1903. 7. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:44. 1903. 8. Budd-
Hansen, 1903 :67.
SYNONYMS. COLTON (I, 2, 3, 4, 7). Cotton Early (5, 6, 8). Early
Colton (1).
Colton is a green or yellowish apple of fair to good quality, in season from
the last of July to early September. The tree is a good grower, hardy, comes
into bearing moderately young and yields good crops biennially.
Historical. Colton is said to have originated on the farm of Mr. Colton,
Rowe, Franklin county, Mass., where it has been propagated since about 1840
under the name Early Colton (1).
TREE.
Tree large, vigorous with moderately long, stout, crooked branches. Form
rather upright when young but eventually flat, spreading and open. Twigs
moderately long, straight, moderately stout; internodes short. Bark dark
brown, heavily mottled with scarf-skin; much pubescent. Lenticels quite
numerous, rather conspicuous, medium to large, oblong, raised. Buds medium
to large, broad, plump, acute, free, pubescent.
_ Fruit.
Fruit medium in size. Form roundish, narrowing toward either end,
slightly ribbed. Stem medium in length, stout. Cavity small, acute to slightly
acuminate, shallow, narrow. Calyx medium in size, nearly closed; lobes long,
rather recurved. Basin small, shallow, obtuse, wrinkled.
Skin pale greenish-yellow, sometimes with a shade or red. Dots numerous,
large, greenish.
Calyx tube elongated funnel-form. Stamens median.
28 THE Apples OF NEW YorRK.
Core medium to rather large, somewhat abaxile; cells open; core lines
clasping. Carpels broadly roundish.
Flesh whitish, rather coarse, crisp, juicy, mild subacid, fair to good.
Season last of July to early September.
COLVERG,
REFERENCES. 1. Warder, 1867:427. 2. Downing, 1869:131. 3. Am. Pom.
Soc. Cat., 1875:6. 4. Thomas, 1885:506. 5. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt.,
1890:290. 6. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:237. 7. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B.
WE Bul. A830) O03
SYNONYMS. COLVERT (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). Prussian (2).
Ripens about with Twenty Ounce. It is inferior to that variety
in size, color and quality, and is not as good a seller, but is more
productive. The fruit is large, uniform in size, yellowish-green
shaded and lightly striped with pinkish-red on the sunny side,
smooth, showy and fairly attractive. It needs to be picked early
to prevent loss from dropping. It is not a good keeper and is not
much in demand among buyers, but sometimes it sells pretty well.
The tree is generally hardy, healthy and an excellent cropper.
It generally succeeds well on any good apple land.
Historical. Origin uncertain (2). It has long been known and pretty
widely disseminated but it is not much grown in New York. Even in those
localities where it is best known the trees of this variety constitute less than
one per cent of the orchards.
TREE.
Tree medium size to large, moderately vigorous to vigorous; branches
long, medium stout, curved, crooked. Form upright spreading or roundish,
open. Twigs above medium to long, usually nearly straight, moderately
stout; internodes medium. Bark rather dark brownish-red, shaded with
olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scatter-
ing, medium, oblong, raised. Buds medium to large, broad, prominent, very
plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. Leaves medium in size, broad.
FRuITt.
Fruit averages large, fairly uniform in size but rather variable in shape.
Form oblate to oblate conic, obscurely ribbed, irregular and with sides
sometimes unequal. Stem short, rather thick. Cavity acute to slightly acumi-
nate, medium to nearly deep, medium in width to sometimes broad, usually
very heavily russeted, sometimes compressed and frequently lipped. Calyx
medium, closed or slightly open; lobes short, narrow, acuminate. Basin
abrupt, medium in depth, narrow, slightly furrowed.
Tue Apptes oF New York. 39
Skin very thick, rather tough, rather dull greenish-yellow, sometimes
partly washed with red and striped and splashed with carmine. Dots incon-
spicuous, small, usually submerged; a few scattering ones are large and
russet. Prevailing color greenish-yellow, not particularly attractive.
Calyx tube broadly conical to funnel-shape. Stamens median to basal.
Core axile, small; cells closed or partly open. Carpels broad-cordate,
emarginate, tufted. Seeds large to above medium, wide, rather long, plump,
acute; frequently they are abortive.
Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, nearly coarse, crisp, moderately tender,
juicy, subacid, good.
Season October to January or February.
CONSTANTINE.
IPRERENGES. 6 1. Leroy, 1873335. fe. 2. Budd, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rt.,
1880:524. 3. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881:155. 4. Hogg, 1884:95.
5. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:14. 6. 1b., 14:86. 1888. 7. Hos-
kans neural iN. Y., 51:682. 1802. fig.
Synonyms. Berry Apple (7). COoONSTANTINE (2, 3). Granp Duc Con-
STANTIN (1). GRAND DUKE CONSTANTINE (4, 5, 6, 7). Grand Duke Con-
stantine (2, 3). No. 457 (7). Riabinouka (7).
This fruit is of the Aport type and very closely resembles Alex-
ander. The flesh is rather coarse, subacid and fair to good in
quality. Some hold that it is rather better in flavor than Alexander.
As grown at this Station, the fruit, as compared with that of Alex-
ander, begins to ripen about a week later and continues longer in
season. The trees are not so large and may be planted more closely
together than those of Alexander. It is a reliable cropper, yielding
good crops biennially or neariy annually. The percentage of
marketable fruit is greater than that of Alexander because there
are fewer drops, the apples are less apt to show cracks about the
calyx and stem and the skin is less often discolored by chafing
against the branches. We are not sure that it is as good a variety
for commercial planting as Alexander, but it appears to be worthy
of testing where a variety of the Alexander type is desired.
TREE.
Tree small to below medium size, at first moderately vigorous but with
age it becomes a slow grower with short, stout, curved branches. Form
spreading, open. Twigs moderately long, curved, slender; internodes long.
Bark brown with some olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubes-
cent near tips. Lenticels scattering, medium to small, oblong, not raised.
Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
AO Tue AppLtes or New York.
FRuIT.
Fruit large or very large. Form roundish conic flat at the base, varying
to oblate conic, regular or somewhat ribbed, symmetrical. Stem below
medium to long, rather slender to moderately thick. Cavity large, acumi-
nate or acute, very deep, broad, symmetrical, russeted and with outspread-
ing rays of greenish-russet. Calyx medium to rather large, usually some-
what open; lobes medium in width and length, acute. Basin narrow to
medium in width, moderately deep to deep, abrupt, smooth or slightly
wrinkled.
Skin thick, tough, smooth, waxy, clear greenish-yellow or whitish, mottled,
marbled and blushed with bright red over nearly the whole surface with
wide broken stripes of carmine radiating from the cavity, overspread with
thin bloom. Dots whitish or pale russet. Prevailing effect bright red.
Calyx tube long, wide, funnel-shape or conical. Stamens median or below.
Core medium size, somewhat abaxile; cells open or partly closed; core
lines somewhat clasping. Carpels broadly ovate or approaching cordate,
emarginate. Seeds medium or below, moderately wide, short, thick, plump,
obtuse, dark brown.
Flesh whitish, moderately firm, coarse, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid,
fair to good; suitable for culinary use and market.
Season late September to November.
COOPER.
REFERENCES. I. Horticulturist, 1:339,484. 1847. 2. Mag. Hort., 13:105,
200. 1847. 3. Cole,,1849:114. fg. 4. Thomas, 1849):147) 955 bamaypeagiezoa:
6. Horticulturist, 6:18. 185r. 7. Emmons, Nat. Alsi Nee ees or anes iie
fig. 8. Elliott, 1854:127. 9. Gregg, 1857:41. 10. Hooper, 1857:26, 106, 109.
ir. Downing; 1857:130. .12. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat 18602. sy onder:
1867 :428. fig. 14. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:200. 15: Bailey, Az.
Hort., 1892:237. 16. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :67.
SYNONYMS. Beauty Red (8, 11). CoorErR (1, 2, 3)'A) 5,617 son O mlOMan
12, 13, 14, 15, 16). Lady Washington (8, 11). Seek-No-Further of some,
erroneously (8).
Fruit large, uniform, very attractive, rather light yellow indistinctly
streaked with mixed red, mild subacid or nearly sweet, season October to
December. The tree is very vigorous, upright spreading. Not -recom-
mended for planting in New York.
Historical. ‘This is an old variety of unknown origin. In 1796 it was
introduced from Connecticut into Ohio where it has been much esteemed (2).
Evidently it has never been cultivated to any considerably extent in this
State and is now practically unknown to New York fruit growers.
CORNELL.
REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1857:131. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 3.
Warder, 1867:716. 4. Uhonras, 1875:200. 5. Barty, 1883-3377 00 eeyou.
Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 7. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:237. 8. Van
CONSTANTINE
v- .
Ww
=
* B
a i
= '
.
’
:
SS
Tue Apples oF NEw York. AI
Deman tural N. VY. 61:67 002. fg. 9. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul.,
205:44. 1903. 10. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :67.
SYNONYMS. CORNELL (6, 8,9). CorNELL FANCY (1, 2, 3, 4, 5,7). Cornell
Fancy (8). Cornett Fancy (10). Cornell’s Favourite (1).
Fruit usually of good medium size, sometimes large, waxen yellow and
red, agreeable for dessert, in season from early September to November.
The tree sometimes lacks vigor and productiveness (9).
Historical. Origin Pennsylvania (1). It is but little known in New York.
FRuIrt.
Fruit above medium to large, uniform in size, somewhat variable in shape.
Form roundish conic to oblate conic, often quite strongly ribbed, irregular;
sides usually unequal. Stem medium to rather long and slender. Cavity
moderately deep to deep, moderately wide, often compressed, sometimes
lipped, sometimes russeted, with the russet extending beyond the cavity.
Calyx below medium to rather large, closed or slightly open; lobes some-
times separated at the base, often upright, moderately acute. Basin deep,
wide, rather abrupt, strongly furrowed, slightly wrinkled.
Skin moderately thick, tough, smooth, clear pale waxen yellow, partly
overspread with thin attractive pinkish-red, often quite regularly splashed
and striped with bright carmine. Dots conspicuous, variable, often large,
irregular, russet or areolar with russet center, varying to small, light colored
and submerged. Prevailing effect handsome red striped over clear yellow.
Calyx tube rather large, rather short, conical. Stamens median.
Core below medium, variable, nearly axile to decidedly abaxile; cells
variable, open or closed; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels
broadly ovate, slightly emarginate, sometimes tufted. Seeds numerous,
rather large, dark brown, rather narrow, long, plump, acute to acuminate,
sometimes tufted.
Flesh tinged with yellow, often affected with “Baldwin Spot,” firm, mod-
erately coarse, crisp, moderately tender, juicy, agreeable, mild subacid,
aromatic, rich, sprightly, very good.
Season early September to November.
CORNER,
REFERENCE. I. Heiges, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1894 :18.
Synonyms. None.
We have neither seen Corner nor received any report concerning it. The
following account of it was given in 1894 by S. B. Heiges, then United
States Pomologist (1).
“Size above medium; oblate; cavity wide, deep, marked by russet netting;
stem one-half inch, medium diameter; basin, medium, regular, marked by
russet; calyx segments with mammuiform bases, wide, long, converging or
slightly reflexed; surface moderately smooth; color yellow, washed with
red and striped with crimson; dots numerous, russet, some with dark
centers, depressed; flesh yellowish, moderately fine grained, tender, mod-
erately juicy; core large, wide, clasping, closed; flavor mild subacid; quality
very good. Season early winter. Well known locally in Orange county,
ING SY.”
42 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
COX ORANGE,
_ REFERENCES. 1. Horticulturist, 13:168. 1858. 2. Downing, 1869:135. 3.
Leroy, 1873:517. fig. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. ‘Cat., 1881:3 “5-)tieee ees:
6. Thomas, 1885:507. 7. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:237. & Bimyard, Jeu,
Roy. Hort. Soc.,.1898:356. 9. Willard, Rural N_ Vo (562754
Thomas, Garden, 59:34. I901. figs.
Synonyms. Cos. Orange (3). Cox Orance (8). Coz’s Orange (3).
Cox’s ORANGE PIPPIN (Tj 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10). Cox’s Orange Pippm (3).
ORANGE DE Cox (3). Reinette Orange de Cox (3).
One of the best in quality of the English dessert apples; in
season from late September to early winter. The fruit is of
medium size or above medium, red and yellow. When highly col-
ored it is attractive, with the red predommant. — Pie ieee sea
moderate grower and productive. It is well adapted for growing
on dwarf stock, either Paradise or Doucin. It is not recommended
for commercial planting, but it is a desirable variety for the home
orchard.
Historical. Cox Orange is said to have originated in 1830 from seed of
Ribston, at Colnbrook Lawn near Slough, Bucks, England (5). It is some-
times propagated by American nurserymen but it has never been extensively
planted in this country and its cultivation is not increasing.
TREE.
Tree medium size or above, moderately vigorous with rather slender
branches. Form upright, thickly branched, dense. Twigs long to medium,
rather slender, irregularly crooked; internodes medium or below. Bark
olive-green somewhat mottled with reddish-brown, slightly pubescent. Lenti-
cels numerous, conspicuous, medium size, oblong, raised. Buds medium size
to rather small, roundish, obtuse, appressed, pubescent. Leaves small to
medium size and inclined to be narrow.
FRuITt.
Fruit medium or above, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish
cblate, sometimes slightly inclined to conic, regular or faintly ribbed, sym-
metrical, axis sometimes oblique. Stem usually obliquely inclined, short,
thick, sometimes long. Cavity obtuse to somewhat acuminate, rather shallow
to moderately deep, rather narrow, often somewhat russeted. Calyx rather
small, closed or partly open. Basin rather shallow and obtuse to moderately
deep and abrupt, rather narrow. to moderately wide, smooth or slightly
furrowed.
Skin rather thin, tough, smooth, attractive, washed with orange-red deepen-
ing to bright red and mottled and splashed with carmine, over a deep yellow
background. Dots conspicuous, large, areolar with pale gray or russet center.
Calyx tube cone-shape or funnel-form. Stamens median to basal.
COX ORANGE
THE Apples oF NEW York. 43
Core medium size, somewhat abaxile; cells usually symmetrical, open or
closed; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels thin, obovate to
obcordate, emarginate, usually smooth. Seeds reddish-brown, above medium
size, wide, obtuse to acute, often abortive.
Flesh yellow, firm, nearly fine, crisp, tender, very juicy, rich, sprightly
subacid or becoming mild subacid, decidedly aromatic, very good to best.
Season late September to January.
CRANBERRY PIPPIN.
REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1845:106. 2. Thomas, 1849:179. 3. Emmons,
NiGperciisieNe 4. 8:8c. (851. 4. Elliott, 1854-1690) 95. Warder, 1867-402.
blvomeucn. ellort. Soc, Kpt., 1890:200, 7. Bailey; Am. Hort., 1892 :237.
Saedmer, Gard. 16:425. 1805. 9. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt.,
2:9. 1805. fig. 10. /b., 3:6. 1806. fig. 11. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Bul.,
ByEAeeetoot, 12. Beach and Clark, NV. Y: Sta. Bul., 248:116. 1904.
Synonyms. None.
In some sections this has proved a desirable apple, but in others
it has not been successful. It is well known in some localities in
the Hudson valley, in Northern and Western New York and in
Ontario, where it is favorably regarded as a fall or early winter
apple because of its good size, bright and attractive color and its
uniform size and shape. It is a good storage apple, stands shipping
well and brings good prices. It is suitable for market, cooking
and evaporating, but not for dessert. It appears to be quite
GesistamitO te attacks oi scab. Whe trees are hardy and often
very productive, but in some cases it is reported as undesirable
because unproductive. It is said to be a shy bearer when young,
but becomes productive with age.
Historical. Originated near Hudson, Columbia county (tr).
TREE.
Tree large, very vigorous; branches stout, spreading. Form upright be-
coming somewhat spreading. Twigs long, moderately stout, light grayish-
brown, quite pubescent; internodes short. Bark dull reddish-brown with
some olive-green and thickly mottled with scarf-skin. Lenticels scattering
medium to small, usually roundish. Suds medium or sometimes small,
rather broad, deeply set, obtuse or sometimes acute, pubescent, appressed.
Leaves dark green, broad, medium to large; foliage rather dense.
FRuIT.
Fruit large. Form roundish oblate, symmetrical. Stem short. Cavity
broad, wavy. Calyx closed or somewhat open. Basin moderately deep, rus-
seted. Skin smooth, shining, clear light yellow, handsomely blushed, striped
4A Tue AppLes OF NEw YORK.
and splashed with scarlet. Dots many, large, often red areolar with russet
center. General appearance beautiful and attractive. Flesh white or with
slight yellowish tinge, moderately juicy, mild subacid.
Season October to February. In the vicinity of its origin its season closes
from a month to six weeks earlier than either Hubbardston or Tompkins
King. In Northern New York and Ontario its season is late fall and early
winter and often extends to midwinter.
CREAM,
REFERENCES. 1. N. E. Farmer, 1831 (cited by 3). 2. Downing, 1869 :137.
a Ragan, (Us 5 bal lee leas Ok OCam LOO
Synonyms. None.
This variety originated in Queens ccunty, N. Y. So far as we know it is
no longer cultivated. Downing describes the tree as a vigorous grower and
an early bearer and the fruit as medium or below, yellowish, fine-grained,
pleasant, sweet, in season in September and October. Valued by some for
dessert and culinary uses.
CROW EGG.
REFERENCES. 1. Kenrick, 1832:43. 2. Downing, 1857:211. 3. Warder,
1867:716. 4. Burrill and McCluer, Jil. Sta. Bul., 45:318. 1806.
Synonyms. Crow Ecce (2). Crow's Eee (1, 3, 4). Eee vopeme):
A sweet apple which is still occasionally found in very old orchards but is
now practically obsolete. Some esteem it highly for dessert. Downing calls
it not very good in quality (2). The old trees are productive.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading; top roundish, open;
branches long, slender, crooked. Ywigs medium in size, curved, slender;
internodes very short. Bark reddish-brown, streaked with scarf-skin, slightly
pubescent. Lenticels numerous, very small, oblong. buds small, plump,
obtuse, deeply set in the bark. Leaves medium in size, narrow.
FRuITt.
Fruit about medium in size. Form roundish to oblong or ovate. Stem
long, slender. Cavity obtuse to sometimes acute, shallow, medium in width,
symmetrical or obscurely furrowed, bright green or sometimes with out-
spreading russet. Calyx small to medium, closed. Basin small, shallow,
narrow, somewhat abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin tough, nearly smooth, bright pale yellow or greenish sometimes with
faint bronze blush. Dots numerous, very small but conspicuous, russet.
Calyx tube rather small, funnel-shape or cone-shape. Stamens median.
Core large, abaxile; cells usually symmetrical and open; core lines clasp-
ing the funnel cylinder or meeting when the tube is conical. Carpels ovate,
nearly smooth. Seeds numerous, rather light brown, flat, acute to acuminate.
Flesh whitish, firm, crisp, tender, rather juicy, sweet, agreeably flavored,
good to very good. .
Season October and November.
ae
CRANBERRY PIPPIN
i
}
!
j
CRANBERRY PIPPIN
THE Apples OF NEW York. 45
CZAR THORN.
REFERENCES. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rept., 1881:53. 2. [b., 1883:75. 3.
Peon SOC. Kept, 1863-430) 4. Budd) Ja, Agr.-Coll. Bul. 1885-7. 5. Gibb,
iieeaonl. SOG. Iept., 1887:44. 6. Vaylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892 :57. 7.
merci Nes lone Soc. kept, 1890-50, 8. Hansen, S. : Sta. Bul.,
FOPAG. lOO2!, fig...
SYNONYMS. CZAR THORN (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Czar Thorn (2). Czarsku
Schip (4).° No. 140 M (8). No. 206 (4, 5,8). Tars Thorn (1). Tsarskm
Schip (5). Zarskischip (7). ZARSKI ScHiIpP (2). Zarski Schip (3). ZARSKI
LARS (1). :
A Russian apple of medium size, roundish conic, green and yellow usually
shaded and striped with crimson; flesh rather coarse, sweet, hardly fair in
quality; season September; not valuable.
DEADERICK,
IMERDRENGES) 2. OU. S. Pom. Kpi., 1805:22. 2. Watts, Lenn. Sia. Bul.,
Mantetsoo, we 3. Vaylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1897-37.
SynonyMs. Ben Ford (2). D&EApDERICK (1, 2, 3). Ozark Pippin (2).
A good-sized green apple, of somewhat better color than Rhode
Island Greening, but it does not keep as well, and is inferior to
that variety in quality. The tree is a strong grower, healthy, and
so far as tested here comes into bearing young and gives promisc
of being very productive. It has not been on trial long enough
to indicate whether or not it has sufficient merit to be considered
a promising variety for this state. In Tennessee it is considered
a very valuable early winter apple (2).
Historical. Originated with Benjamin Ford, Washington county, Tenn.
It was first disseminated as Ozark Pippin (2).
TREE.
Tree rather vigorous. Form spreading and somewhat upright. Twigs
moderately stout, nearly straight; internodes short. Bark bright brownish-
red. Lenticels roundish, often conspicuous, scattering, small. Buds medium
size, appressed, obtuse, short, pubescent. Leaves medium size, somewhat
narrow; often the base of the petioles is conspicuously streaked with red.
FRUIT.
Fruit large. Form broadly roundish, often rather conical, sometimes
broadly ribbed, pretty regular, uniform. Stem medium to rather long,
slender. Cavity large, acute to acuminate, deep, broad, usually smooth and
symmetrical, sometimes slightly furrowed, occasionally prominently lipped.
Calyx small, partly open or closed; lobes rather narrow, acute. Basin small,
shallow, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, nearly smooth, a little wrinkled.
46 Tue AppLes oF NEw York.
Skin moderately thick, tough, smooth, rather bright green becoming yellow,
usually partly covered with a thin pinkish-red blush upon which there are
often seen red, areolar dots with russet or whitish center: commonly the
dots are whitish and often submerged. Prevailing color green or yellowish.
Calyx tube iong, funnel-form. Stamens median to nearly marginal.
Core a little abaxile, medium to small; cells symmetrical, open or nearly
so; core lines clasp the base of the cylinder. Carpels thin, generally smooth,
broadly roundish, narrowing toward the base, slightly emarginate. Seeds
numerous, medium or above, rather wide, obtuse.
Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately coarse, tender, rather juicy, pleasant sub-
acid, good.
Season October to January.
DETROIT: RED.
REFERENCES. 1. Mag. Hort., 10:167. 1844. 2. Downing, 1845 :106.
3. Horticulturist, 1:361. 1846.. 4. N. VY. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1846:192. 5.
Thomas, 1849:164. 6. Cole, 1849:115. 7. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:65.
1851. fig., col. pl. 8. Elliott, 1854:130. 9. Downing, 1857:134. 10. Warder,
1867 :532. fig. a1. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 12. Wickson, 1889 :245.
13. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 14. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :237.
15. Waugh, Vi. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:291. 1901.
Synonyms. Black Apple of some (2,9). BuiAck Detroir (5, 7). Black
Detroit (2, 8). Crimson Pippin (6, 8, of some 2). Detroit (1, 2, 4, 6, 8).
Detroit (9). Dertroir Brack (10). Detroir RED (3, 9, II, 12, 13, 14, 15).
Detroit Red? (1c).
Fruit growers in Western New York have commonly used the
names Detroit Red and Detroit Black interchangeably for the
remarkably variable variety which we are here describing as
Detroit Red. We have been unable to determine whether there are
ir fact two distinct varieties of this tvpe, or whether the differences
which have been observed in the habit of growth and productive-
ness of the tree and in the form, size, general appearance, season
and quality of the fruit, are altogether due to differences in the
conditions under which the fruit has been produced. Speaking of
these two names, Warder, in 1867, wrote, “I have put these two
names together because the fruits presented as Black and as Red
Detroit are so very much alike in all respects that it is not worth
while to consider them distinct. * * * The Red variety may
be distinct, as it keeps later.”
Lyon (13) recognized two or more varieties of this type and
distinguished them by the names Detroit Black and Detroit Red.
Speaking of Detroit Red, he remarks: “ There are probably several
DETROIT RED
Tue Apptes or New York. 47
y)
varieties grown under this name, none of them valuable;” and of
The Detroit Black he says: “ Unproductive, showy, valueless ; it is
probably the Detroit Red of Downing.”
D. D. Stone, of Oswego, writes:1 ‘It seems to me that the two
aiemiorume same. Detroit Black seems to be more of a scrubby
grower, the shape, size, firmness and color seem to be more con-
stant and it does not crack so badly as the one we know as Detroit
Red, but the season appears to be the same.”
Wermorrwived) or as it is often called, Detroit Black, as usually
grown in Western New York, varies from medium to. very
large, commonly averaging about medium size. It is flattened
at the ends, very dark crimson or purplish, becoming almost
biack, with snow-white flesh occasionally streaked with rose-
Piiemiestse esteemed by many for -dessert use because of its
mild, pleasant flavor. There is considerable loss from premature
dropping of the fruit and from fruit that 1s too small or too ill-
shapen for market. It is quite variable in keeping qualities, being
commonly in season about with Maiden Blush. The tree is a mod-
erate grower, comes. into bearing rather young, and is not a very
reliable cropper. Some report that it is a shy bearer; others that it
yields moderate to full crops biennially.
Historical. This is supposed to have been brought into the neighborhood
of Detroit by the early French settlers and thence disseminated (1, 2, 4, 8).
It was introduced into Ohio and Western New York before the middle of the
last century. The variety is still sometimes listed by nurserymen (14). Its
cultivation in New York state is declining and it is now seldom planted.
TREE.
Tree medium or eventually large, moderately vigorous to vigorous. Form
upright spreading or roundish. Twigs medium to long, moderately slender,
dark brown.
FRUIT.
Fruit very large to medium. Form oblate conic varying to roundish oblate,
often strongly ribbed, irregular. Stem short, usually rather slender. Cavity
often very large, acute to nearly acuminate, deep, moderately broad to very
broad, frequently compressed, usually thinly russeted. Calyx variable, usu-
ally large, closed or somewhat open; lobes short, broad, rather obtuse.
Basin medium in width and depth, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, irregularly
furrowed and wrinkled and often with mammiform protuberances.
1 Letter, 1904.
48 THe Apples OF NEw York.
Skin thick, rather tough, dark crimson, largely striped and splashed with
purplish-carmine eventually becoming almost black, sometimes having a por-
tion of the greenish-yellow ground color exposed. Dots numerous, conspicu-
ous, very small, pale or russet.
Calyx tube rather short, wide, broadly conical. Stamens median to basal.
Core medium to large, axile; cells closed; core lines meeting or clasping.
Carpels roundish to elliptical, rather flat, usually tufted. Seeds rather large,
plump, obtuse to acute, moderately light brown.
Flesh white, sometimes streaked or stained with red, rather coarse, tender,
juicy, agreeable mild subacid, very aromatic, good to very good.
Season last of September to December.
DUCHESS OF OLDENBURG.
This variety is often called Duchess or Duchess of Oldenburg,
but the name now accepted for it by pomologists is Oldenburg,
under which name it is described on page 150.
DUDEEY.
REFERENCES. 1. Me. Sta’ Kpt,- 1891-07. 2. US Soom FP pt., 1891 :390.
3. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:245. 4. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:132. 5. Hos-
kins, Amer. Gard., 14:299. 1893. 6. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1902 :83, OT.
7. Budd-Hansen, 1903:71. 8. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1903 :95.
SYNONYMS. DuDLEY .(2, 6, 8). DupLEY WINTER (1, 4). DupLey Winter
(7). Dudley's Winter (6). NortH Star (3, 5). North Star (6, 7, 8).
A very hardy and productive variety which is being planted to
a considerable extent in Northern New England. The fruit is
pretty large, bright greenish-yellow washed and splashed with red,
quite attractive in appearance and good in quality. Munson says
that it is perhaps now more widely grown than any other of the
newer sorts that have originated in New England. He considers
it a valuable acquisition as a winter fruit for northern localities (6).
As fruited at Geneva it is in season in September and October,
although it may sometimes be kept into the winter. It is recom-
mended for trial particularly where a very hardy apple of its season
is desired.
Historical. A seedling of the Oldenburg, which originated with J. W.
Dudley, Castle Hill, Aroostook county, Me. (1, 6). A few years ago it was
introduced by a Rochester nursery under the name North Star but it was
afterward found that this name had already been given to another variety
and therefore the name Dudley Winter was retained for it, which, according
to the accepted rules of nomenclature is shortened to Dudley.
(Reduced Size)
DUDLEY
te
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 49
TREE.
Tree small, moderately vigorous to vigorous; branches short, moderately
stout. Form very spreading and drooping, rather dense. Twigs below
medium length to short, almost straight, moderately stout to rather slender;
internodes short to medium. Bark brown tinged with clear bright red, with
but little or no scarf-skin and but slightly pubescent. Lenticels rather con-
spicuous, clear in color, scattering, medium in size, oblong, raised. Buds
medium or above, rather prominent, plump, obtuse to acute, free or nearly
so, somewhat pubescent.
Fruit.
Fruit medium to large, uniform. Form roundish conic to roundish oblate,
symmetrical. Stem long, rather thick. Cavity acute to almost acuminate,
rather deep, broad, sometimes lightly russeted, obscurely furrowed. Calyx
medium to large, open or partly closed. Basin decidedly abrupt, moderately
deep to deep, moderately broad, obscurely furrowed, wrinkled.
Skin thin, tender, smooth, bright pale yellow or whitish mostly covered
with a bright pinkish-red blush striped and splashed with bright carmine and
covered with light bloom. Dots scattering, light, small. General appearance
red or red striped over contrasting yellow, attractive.
Calyx tube long, moderately wide, funnel-shape or sometimes conical.
Stamens median to marginal.
Core almost axile, medium or below; cells closed or partly open; core lines
clasping or nearly so. Carpels broadly elliptical, not emarginate, slightly
tufted. Seeds large, wide, long, somewhat flat, obtuse to acute, dull dark
brown.
Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, crisp, nearly fine-grained, tender, very
juicy, aromatic, brisk subacid eventually becoming mild, very good.
Season September and October or sometimes later.
DYER.
REFERENCES. I. Kenrick, 1835:60. 2. Mag. Hort., 3:37. 1837. 3. Downing,
¥845:83. 4. Horticulturist, 2:2890. 1847. 5 Cole, 1849:111. 6. Thomas,
POA ISee ie 7. batty, 1o5r:263, 200. 8. Emmons, Nat. Hist: N. Y., 3:30.
1951. g. Elliott, 2854:75. 10. Hooper, 1857:30. 11. Hovey, Mag. Hort.,
27:70. IoOI. fig. 12. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 13. Warder, 1867 :630. fig.
14. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 15. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :238.
meetansen. 5: ). Sia. Bul. 70:47. 19002. 17. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :72: ig.
Synonyms. Bard Apple (9, 11). Beard Burden (9, 11). Buliripe (9, 11).
Pacem picc (In). MVE (1, 3, 6, 8,70, 10, LT) 12,13, 34, 15, 10,17). Dyer
(4, 5, 7). Golden Spice (9, 11). Mygatt's Bergamot (9, 11). PoMME
Royvat (2). Pomme Royal (6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17). PomME RoyALe
(4, 5, 7). Pomme Royale (3, 13). Pomme Roye (4). Pomme Water
(9, 11). Pommewater in Ill. (13). Smithfield Spice (3, 5, 10, 11). Tomp-
kins (9, 11). White Spice (9, 11). Woodstock (1).
One of the very finest dessert apples but not a good commercial variety (14).
The fruit is of medium size, greenish-yellow with a shade of red. The crop
does not ripen evenly and it requires more than one picking. It comes in
50 THE APPLES, OF NEW York.
season late in August or early in September and ripens continuously until
midautumn. The tree is vigorous in the nursery but does not grow to be a
large tree in the orchard. It succeeds better when topworked upon some
hardier vigorous stock such as Tolman Sweet or Northern Spy. It is not
long-lived but comes into bearing rather young and yields good crops
biennially.
Historical. This variety has been supposed by some to be of French origin
and was formerly known as Pomme Royale, but Hovey believed it to be an
American apple (11). It was known in cultivation in Rhode Island during
the Revolutionary War (4). It was named Dyer by the Massachusetts Hor-
ticultural Society more than fifty years ago and has retained that name. It
is still occasionally listed by nurserymen (15). It is but little cultivated in
New York and is now seldom, if ever, planted in this state.
Bru (Go) iene).
Fruit medium or sometimes large. Form roundish, slightly oblate, regular
or obscurely ribbed. Stem medium to long, slender. Cavity rather small,
acute, moderately deep to deep, sometimes lipped. Calyx small, closed; lobes
short to rather long, recurved. Basin medium to small, shallow to moderately
deep, furrowed.
Skin smooth, clear pale yellow or greenish, more or less flecked and mar-
bled with thin russet with a brownish blush on one cheek. Dots dark or
russet.
Core medium size; cells open or closed; core lines clasping. Seeds numer-
ous, plump, short, medium to small, pale.
Flesh yellowish-white, fine, very crisp, tender, aromatic, sprightly, mild
subacid, highly flavored, very good to best. :
Season September and October.
FAREY HARV Esa.
REFERENCES. 1. Amer. Gard. Cal., 1806:584. 2. Coxe, 1817:101. fig. 3.
Thacher, 1822:129. 4. Buel, N. VY. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1820:476. 5. Wilson,
1828 :136. 6. Fessenden, 1828:131. 7. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 355.
8. Kenrick, 1832:26. 9. Floy-Lindley, 1833:84. 10. Mag. Hort., 1:362.
1835. 11. Manning, 1838:45: 12. [b., Mag. Hon. 7 2sin oti Dott
ing, 1845:72. fig. 14. French, Horticulturist, 1:256. 1846. 15. Hovey,
Mag. Hori. 14:115.. 1848. fig.. 16.. Cole) 1849-07. esa eave ee
Hort., 15 :165. 1840. 18. Thomas, 1849142) 10. Emmons. Niae ese eee
3:16. 1851. 20. Barry, 1851-280. 21. Hlovey, 1275. Desieeeeol mp aaueugiee
22. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 23. Elliott, 1854:84. fig. 24. Hooper, 1857:
31, 107, I11l. 25. Gregg, 1857230. fg 26. Warder 1807 AOsten ae gett
1872 :143, 160, 172. 28) Downing, 1872-10) index, apps. com oeeetoor 10
index, app. 30. Hogg, 1884:67. 31. Wickson, 1889:243. 32. Lyon, Mich.
Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 33. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :238. _ 34. Stinson,
Ark. Sta. An. Rpt., 7:44. 1894. 35. Burrill and McCluer, Jil. Sta. Bul, 45:
320. I896. 36. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 3:7. 1806. figs. 37.
Can. Hort., 20:328. 1897. figs. 38. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bul., 130:121. I9oT.
39. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:292. 1901. 40. Budd-Hansen, 1903:73. fig.
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Tue Appres oF NEw York. 51
Synonyms. Early French Reimette (2, 8, 13, 15,18, 10, 21, 23, 30, 34).
Pare PARVEST G0 7, 6. LO: Ii) 12) tA) 15 16), 17, 18-10, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25,
Pe Ze 20. 30, 31, 32 33, 34, 35, 30; 37, 38, 39, 40). Early Harvest (9,
23). Early July Pippin (24). Early June (23). Harvest (23). Harvest
Cn) July Early Pippm (15, 21, 30). Jury Pirrin (9). July Pippin (13,
foto 2h 23 30 34). Large Early (15, 21, 30). Large Early Harvest
(15, 21). Larce Earty Harvest (3). Large White Juneating (13, 15, 19,
21, 23, 30). Maralandica (29). Oats incorrectly (29). Pomme dEte of
Canada (30). Prince’s Early Harvest (8, 30). Prince's Harvest (2, 4,
EOneume-xinces Elarvest (8, 13, 15, 18, 10, 21, 23, 24, 30, 34). Prince's
Yellow Harvest (30). Tart Bough (13, 15, 19, 21, 30). Yellow Harvest
(73, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 30, 34). Yellow Juneating (23).
Fruit medium, pale yellow, sometimes with a faint blush, tender,
sprightly subacid, and very good in quality. It is a desirable variety
for the home orchard because it is one of the earliest of the sum-
mer apples, and is excellent for either dessert: or culinary uses.
It is not a desirable commercial variety because there is a compara-
tively large percentage of undersized or otherwise unmarketable
fruit, the color is such that it shows bruises very readily and it
keeps but a short time. The tree is a fairly good grower, mod-
erately long-lived, comes into bearing rather early, is a biennial or
almost annual cropper and moderately productive.
Historical. Early Harvest has been known in cultivation for more than a
hundred years. Its origin is unknown but it is supposed to have originated
in America. At one time it was quite extensively cultivated for local market
in some localities but it is now seldom or never planted except for home use.
TREE.
Tree medium size, moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading or
roundish, open. Twigs moderately long, curved, rather stout; internodes
short. Bark dark brown with some olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-
skin; slightly pubescent. Lemnticels scattering, round, not raised. Buds
medium size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
Fruit.
Fruit usually medium or below but sometimes rather large, uniform in
size and shape. Form oblate to nearly round, regular or slightly angular;
sides slightly unequal. Stem medium in length, moderately thick. Cavity
nearly acuminate, shallow, rather narrow to moderately broad, russeted and
with outspreading, broken russet rays. Calyx small to medium, closed;
lobes long, narrow. Basin shallow, moderately wide, obtuse, slightly
wrinkled.
52 THE APPLES oF NEw York.
Skin thin, tender, very smooth, clear pale waxen yellow, occasionally with
deeper yellow on exposed cheek, sometimes slightly blushed. Dots numerous,
large and small, submerged or russet.
Calyx tube short, funnel-shape. Stamens medium.
Core medium size, somewhat abaxile; cells closed or slightly open; core
lines clasping. Carpels slightly obovate. Seeds small to rather large, narrow,
long, plump, acute.
Flesh white, not firm, rather fine, crisp, tender, juicy, at first briskly sub-
acid but eventually becoming milder, and more agreezble for dessert. Good
to very good.
Season late July and August.
BAREY, JOE:
REFERENCES. 1. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1843:52. 2. Mag era aD:
1843. 3. N. Y.. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1846:187. fig. 4. Hovey, Wag Hort. ta 474.
1846. 5. 16., 13:159. 1847. fig. 6. Smith, Horiculamisi resco goes
9. Cultivator, 4:310. 1847. fig. 8.-Mag. Hori... 14>530;enniot eee
1849 :105. fg. 10. Thomas, 1849:137. fig. 11. Emmons) Vapeasteee
3:19. 851. 12. Barry, 1851:280. 13. Elliott, 1854575" Sees
1857 :36. 15. Downing, 1857:76. 16. Hooper, ©1857 32) 27a
Soc. Rpt:, 1860:240. _ 18. Warder, 1867 2513. 19s Fitzss18 7205 eee:
Leroy, 1873 :404. figs: 21. fll. Hort. Soc Rpt. 1877-1245 522 eleeeea SAT
68. 23. Wickson, 1889:243. 24. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:200.
25. Bailey, An. Hori., 1892:238. 26. Macoun, Can. Dept, Age pes
96. 27. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:202. too1. 28.) Budd Magsemenges:
TA Thee
SYNONYMS. EARLY JoE-(1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6,7, 8, 0, 10) 9) ree ene:
17, 18, 10, 21, 22, 23. 24.20.26, 27-28). Jor PREecvcE (ear
Fruit medium to small, red striped, excellent in flavor and qual-
ity for dessert use; season, Auetust and early (Septemincn neice
tree is small to medium in size, slow growing, moderately long-
lived, comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable biennial
cropper. ‘The fruit hangs pretty well to the tree until it 1s quite
ripe. The crop contains a large percentage of undersized or other-
wise unmarketable fruit. Recommended for the home orchard, but
not for commercial planting.
Historical. Originated with Northern Spy and Melon in the orchard of
Heman Chapin, East Bloomfield, Ontario €o., N. Y. his orchard was
planted with seedling trees grown from seeds brought from Salisbury, Conn.
about the year 1800. In October, 1843, Early Joe was exhibited at the fair
of the New York State Agricultural Society, Rochester, N. Y., by Jonathan
Buel of East Bloomfield (1). It has been widely disseminated and is still
listed by nurserymen (25) but it is not cultivated extensively in any locality.
aor AlYv3
pre ‘og ie As . i i Sa Bh
Tue Apples oF NEw York. 53
TREE,
Tree moderately vigorous, dwarfish with short, moderately stout, crooked
branches. Form rather flat, spreading. Twigs short, straight, stout, with
large terminal buds; internodes short. Bark dark brown, lightly streaked
with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oblong, slightly
raised. Buds medium size, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit small to medium, uniform in size and shape. Form oblate conic to
conic, somewhat ribbed, rather symmetrical. Stem medium to long, rather
slender to moderately thick. Cavity acute, shallow to medium in depth, rather
broad, symmetrical, sometimes thinly russeted. Calyx medium size, closed
or slightly open. Basin small to medium, usually shallow, medium in width
or rather narrow, somewhat abrupt, smooth or slightly wrinkled.
Skin thin, tender, smooth, pale greenish-yellow, irregularly and obscurely
striped and splashed with dull, dark red, in highly colored specimens becom-
ing deeply blushed on the exposed cheek. Dots russet and greenish or nearly
white.
Calyx tube medium in length, rather wide, broadly conical. Stamens median
or basal.
Core medium to rather small, axile; cells slightly open or closed; core
lines clasping. Carpels broadly obcordate to elliptical, decidedly concave.
Seeds small to medium, rather wide, short, obtuse to acute.
Flesh tinged with yellow, fine, crisp, very tender, very juicy, mild subacid,
very good to best.
Season August and September.
EARLY PENNOCK.
REFERENCES. 1. Humrickhouse, Mag. Hort., 12:472. 1846. fig. 2. Cole,
POAC ENO imons, Wat. ast Nov 3:14, 1851. 4. Barry, 1851 :332.
Fa elOopemmrG5 71:33, 100, 110, 6. Grege, 18572360. 7. Downing, 1857-137.
8 Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 9. Warder, 1867:504. fig. 10. Fitz, 1872:145.
Minee i eeNOnmNOG TIept., “1675-40. 12. Thomas, 1875-191. 135 Downins,
Lostotmindex, app, 14. Bailey, An. Elort., 1892:238: 15. Budd-Hansen,
1903 :74.
SUNONVMISe August Apple (7). EARLY RENNOCK (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
TO, IL, 12, 13, 14,15). Hetcke’s Summer Queen (13). Harmony (7, ? of the
south, 9). Indian Queen (7). N. J. Red Streak (7). Shaker’s Yellow (7,
0). Sleepers Vellow (5). Warren Pennock (5, 7). :
Fruit large, showy, yellow covered with mixed striped red, but often the
yellow predominates. Flesh yellow, moderately juicy, subacid, coarse, suit-
able for culinary use but not esteemed for dessert; season August. Tree
hardy, a biennial cropper and moderately productive. Not recommended
for planting in New York.
FAlistorical. Origin unknown. It was first brought to notice in Ohio more
than fifty years ago (1) where it was widely disseminated from some of the
nurseries of that state. At one time it was being planted to a limited extent
in New York but it has been almost wholly discarded.
54 THe AprLes oF NEw York.
BARLY Rive:
REFERENCES. 1. Warder,,1867:717. 2. Downing, 1869:156. 3. Fitz, 1872:
151. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cai.; 1873. 5. Bailey, An. Hort, 75922235.) ae
Sta. Bul., 45:320. 1896. 7. Mich. Sta. Bul., 143:200. 1897. 8. Thomas,
1897 :634. 9. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bul., 130:121. tg901. 10. Kan. Sta. Bul.,
106:52. 1902. 11. Budd-Hansen, 1903:74.
Synonyms. None.
Fruit of good medium size, yellowish-green, subacid, good for
culinary use. The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing
young, and vields full crops in alternate years.
Historical. The locality of its origin is unknown but it is supposed to have
originated in Pennsylvania (2).
TREE.
Tree large, vigorous with moderately long, stout branches. Form upright
spreading, rather dense, top roundish. Twigs long, stout, curved; internodes
medium. Bark brown tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-
skin; heavily pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small to medium, oblong,
slightly raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, appressed, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to above, fairly uniform in size but not in shape. Form
roundish oblate somewhat inclined to conic, irregular, broadly ribbed. Stem
often bracted, medium in length or short, thick. Cavity acute or approaching
acuminate, usually shallow, rather broad, sometimes russeted. Calyx rather
small, closed. Basin obtuse, usually very shallow, moderately wide, somewhat
wrinkled.
Skin light yellowish-green. Dots numerous, small, pale gray or russet.
Calyx tube rather narrow, funnel-form. Stamens median.
Core medium to rather large, abaxile; celis closed or partly open; core
lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish, emarginate. Seeds medium size,
plump, obtuse.
Flesh white, quite firm, moderately coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, briskly sub-
acid, becoming rather mild subacid when fully ripe, fair to good.
Season August.
EARLY STRAWBERRY.
REFERENCES. I. Manning, 1838:46. 2. Downing, 1845:73. fig. 3. Horit-
culturist, 1:145. 1846. 4. Mag. Hori., 14:488. 1848. fig. 5. Thomas,
1849 :139. fig. 6. Cole, 1849:101. fig. 7. Barry, 1851:280. 8. Am. Pom.
Soc: Cat., 1852... -9. Elhoit, 1854:76.. 1c. Hooper 1857-35 se) aegeeetae
Gregg, 1857:36. 12. Horticulturist, 14:425. 1859. 23. Warder, 18672514.
fig. 14. Downing, 1869:157. 15. Fitz, 1872:143, 151, 160. 16. Leroy, 1873:
310. figs. 17. Downing, 1881:12 index, app. 18. Wickson, 1889:243. 19.
Watts, Tenn. Sta. Bul., 5:78. 1890. 20. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpi., 189u:
290. 21. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:238. 22. Budd-Hansen, 1903:75. fig.
ddld A1YVva
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THE APPLES OF NEW YOoRK. 55
Synonyms. AMERICAN RED JUNEATING (1). American Red Juneating
(755 9, 13; 14, err. 5, ? 2). De La Madeleine Rouge (16). Earty Straw-
peewee 4) 5.6. 7. 8 ©, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19; 20, 21, 22). Early
Strawberry (16). FRraiseE (16). Louis XVIII (16). Red Juneating (3, 6,
Q, 10, 14, 15, 16, err. 4, err. of some American gardens, 2). St. John Straw-
berry (17). Striped Shropsmre (17). Tennesee Early Red (17).
Fruit of a very attractive bright deep red color, very desirable
for dessert and good also for culinary uses. The tree is medium in
size, a moderate grower, upright when young, but eventually be-
coming roundish and somewhat spreading. It is hardy, healthy,
comes into bearing young and yields moderate to good crops
biennially or almost annually. It is not a very satisfactory variety
‘for commercial planting because the demand for it is mostly lim-
ited to local markets, a relatively high percentage of the apples are
undersized or otherwise unmarketable and the fruit does not keep
well. On account of its productiveness and high quality it is a
desirable variety for the home orchard.
Historical. Early Strawberry is an American fruit which is said to have
originated in the vicinity of New York (2, 3). It was formerly known to
some under the name Red Juneating or American Red Juneating. The name
Red Juneating has been applied also to the Margaret. In 1846 Downing
published the following observations concerning these two varieties (3).
“The Early Strawberry has a long stalk, and is a high colored fruit, striped
with dark red. The Early Red Margaret has a short stalk and is a dull
colored fruit, with faint red stripes. We have had both fruits in bearing this
year, and have compared them for several years past. The Early Red
Margaret is correctly shown in the beatiful colored plates of Ronald’s Pyrus
Malus Brentifordensis, and in the Pomological Magazine. Our Early Straw-
berry apple is not described in any European work that we have seen. It is
greatly superior to the Early Red Margaret in productiveness, and especially
in long keeping and ripening gradually, qualities that are rare in early apples
and for which the market dealers in New York rate the Strawberry very
highly.”
Early Strawberry has been extensively disseminated and is generally cata-
logued by nurserymen throughout the apple-growing regions of America (21).
FRUIT.
Fruit below medium to medium, pretty uniform in shape and size. Form
roundish conic or roundish, regular or somewhat ribbed; sides often unequal.
Stem long and rather slender, often clubbed. Cavity acute or approaching
acuminate, deep, broad, symmetrical, sometimes with faint radiating rays of
russet. Calyx rather small, closed or sometimes open; lobes long, narrow.
Basin small, shallow to moderately deep, narrow, obtuse, slightly furrowed.
56 THE APPLES OF NEw YorK.
Skin rather thick, tough, smooth, waxy, entirely red or yellow nearly
covered with a rich dark red, mottled and irregularly striped and splashed
with deeper red. Dots minute, grayish.
Calyx tube short, moderately wide, conical or approaching funnel-shape,
with fleshy pistil point projecting into the base. Stamens median.
Core large, axile or somewhat abaxile; cells usually open, sometimes
partly closed; core lines nearly meeting. -Carpels broadly roundish to ellip-
tical, much concave, emarginate. Sccds medium or above, wide, plump,
obtuse, dark brown.
Flesh whitish-yellow often with streaks of red, moderately coarse, crisp,
moderately tender, juicy, subacid, aromatic, sprightly, very good.
Season August.
EGG TOE:
REFERENCES. I. Mag. Hort., 10:210. 1844.”° 2. Elliot sy eege megs:
Hooper, 1857:34. 4. Warder, 1867:717. 5. Downing, 1869:159. 6. Thomas,
1875 :408.
SynonyMs. Early June (3). Ecco Tor (1, 2, 4, 5,6). Eggiop (3). Eve
APPLE (3). Eve (2, 5). Round Top (2, 5). Sheepnose (2, 5). Wane of
some (2, 5).
Fruit similar in shape to Black Gilliflower but not so large, somewhat
streaked and shaded with red, pleasant flavored but not high in quality;
good for dessert but not for cooking. Tree large, moderately vigorous and
a regular and abundant bearer. In season from late fall to midwinter.
Historical. An old variety -of uncertain origin. A few trees of it are
occasionally found in the oldest orchards but it is now nearly obsolete.
ELGIN PIPPIN.
REFERENCES. I. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:238. 2. Clayton, .tla. Sita. Bul,
47:0. 1893. 3.. Thomas, 1897:634. 4. Beach and’ Clank {ieee ow
248:118. igo4.
SynonyMs. None.
Fruit of good size and attractive appearance for a yellow apple. It evi-
dently belongs to the Fall Pippin class but it does not closely resemble that
variety and is not superior to it. Although it has much merit it does not
excel other varieties of its season and is not recommended tor planting in
New York. The tree is a strong grower and productive.
Historical. Origin Alabama (2, 3). Downing questions whether it is
identical with the White Spanish Reinette but it appears to be distinct from
that variety.1 Warder describes another variety under the name Elgin
Pippin which we have not seen.”
TREE.
Tree vigorous, upright; branches long, moderately stout. Form very
much spreading and somewhat drooping, rather dense. Twigs medium in
1 Downing, 1869:404.
2 Warder, 1867:717.
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THE AprLes OF NEw YorK. yi
size, curved, stout; internodes long. Bark brown, tinged with olive-green,
mottied with scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, large, oblong,
raised. Buds large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRuIT.
Fruit above medium to large, averages nearly large. Form oblate to
roundish conic, distinctly ribbed, irregular; sides often unequal, sometimes
elliptical, not uniform. Stem medium to very long, slender. Cavity acute
to acuminate, medium in depth to deep, rather broad to narrow, usually with
outspreading russet rays, sometimes decidedly compressed, sometimes lipped.
Calyx medium to large, closed; lobes often leafy, long, acuminate. Basin
sometimes oblique, shallow to moderately deep, moderately wide to rather
narrow, cbtuse to rather abrupt, often prominently and irregularly ribbed.
Skin thin, moderately tender, greenish yellow becoming deep yellow, some-
times with a faint bronze blush in the sun. Dots scattering, russet, or sub-
merged and whitish.
Calyx tube rather large, moderately wide, conical or approaching funnel-
form. Stamens median to basal.
Core abaxile, medium to large; cells unsymmetrical, usually wide open;
core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels irregular, often somewhat
ovate, much concave, tufted. Seeds often abortive, dark, rather large, long,
flat, acute to acuminate.
Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, firm, moderately fine, crisp, tender,
juicy, subacid, good.
Season September to December. Commercial limit, October.
ENGLISH PIPPIN.
REFERENCES. 1. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:50. 2. Troop, Ind. Sta.
piemeyaeioo ne So4 3. Budd, Ja: Sia. Bul, 31:328. 1805. 4. Beach, W.
MeN eeLlOry SOG. IPT. 1890:51. 5. lroop, Ind. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:79. 1809.
eepuddawia Sia. Bul, 41:85. 1899. 7. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Ste. Bul.,
248:118. 1904.
SYNONYMS. ENGLISH PIPPIN (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7). Englischer Pepping (1).
‘No. 587 (1). Pepping Englischer (1).
A Russian apple inferior in quality to standard varieties of its season.
Not recommended for planting in New York.
FRUIT.
Fruit large. Form variable, roundish oblate to oblate conic or inclined to
oblong truncate, ribbed; sides sometimes unequal. Stem short, usually not
exserted. Cavity acuminate, rather wide, moderately deep, russeted and
with outspreading russet. Calyx medium size, closed; lobes usually erect or
connivent. Basin medium in width to rather narrow, deep, abrupt, irreg-
ularly furrowed.
Skin yellow or greenish, sometimes with shade of brownish-red overspread
with thin white bloom. Dots minute, pale or russet.
Calyx tube cone-shape or approaching funnel-form. Stamens median.
Core large, somewhat abaxile; cells partly open; core lines meeting.
Seeds medium size, obtuse.
58 THE Apples oF NEw York.
Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately juicy, fine-grained, sprightly sub-
acid, fair to good in quality.
Season late September to November.
ENGLISH SWEET,
Ramsdell or Ramsdell Sweet has been described by some leading
pomologists under the name English Sweet. Ramsdell Sweet is the
name accepted for this variety in the catalogue of the American
Pomological Society, and it is generally known among nursery-
men and fruit growers as Ramsdell or Ramsdell Sweet. For a
description of this variety, the reader is referred to Ramsdell
Sweet, page 175.
FALL GREENING.,
REFERENCES. 1. Warder, 1867:718. 2. Downing, 1869 :167.
Synonyms. None.
This variety originated at Claverack, Columbia county, N. Y. (1). Accord-
ing to Downing the tree is moderately vigorous and very productive. The
fruit medium size, greenish-yellow, subacid, good to very good. In season
from December to February.
Downing also mentions another Fall Greening of similar color, sprightly
subacid, in season from September to November; tree a poor grower.
We have not seen either of these varieties.
PALE HARV ENG
REFERENCES. I. Manning, 1838:48. 2. Downing, 1845:84. 3. Cole, 1849:
117. 4: Hovey, Mag. Hort.; 15:537. 1840. fe: 5. Dhomass1ss9o055ee oO:
Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:47. 1851. col. pl. No! 7A andthe eanneye
1851 :284. 8. Elliott, 1854:132. 9. Gregg, 1857:42. 10. Warder, 1867:482.
11. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1869. 12. -Hoskins, Amer. Gard., 15:272. 1804.
13. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:296. 1901. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903:70.
Synonyms. Fart Harvey (, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; 7, 8; 0; 1O;saie2 er eee
Harvey (13). Fall Pippin. erroneously (43): HaARveEY (13).
Fruit large, yellow, showy, similar in general appearance to Fall Pippin
but less desirable where that variety can be grown. According to Hos-
kins (12) it is hardy in Northern Vermont and has there proved an excel-
lent annual bearer. He considers it valuable for all Northern New England
and Canada. Cole (3) observes that the fruit is “fine and fair but not
first-rate, and rather apt to fall, or to rot on the tree.” Elliott (8) says that
it is not productive but Hovey (4) and Cole (3) call it a vigorous grower
and a good bearer. In the nursery it may be easily known from Fall Pippin
by its yellow and more slender shoots (4).
IMaonde (2, 2: ae -it@))s
Fruit large. Form roundish, slightly oblate, regular or somewhat ribbed
at the base; crown large, slightly oblique. Stem short, stout or rather slen-
Tue Apples oF NEw York. 59
der. Cavity rather shallow to deep, wide, uneven. Calyx small to large,
closed. Basin narrow to rather wide, shallow, wrinkled.
Skin smooth, pale yellow to deep yellow, sometimes blushed. Dots small,
gray or russet.
Core large, abaxile. Seeds medium size, acute, short, plump.
Flesh whitish or tinged with yellow, a little coarse, crisp, juicy, rich sub-
acid, with high flavor, very good quality.
Season October to December.
FALL JENNETING.
REFERENCES. 1. Mag. Hort., 12:474. 1846. 2. Hovey, Jb., 13:161. 1847.
fig. 3. Elliott, 1854:132. 4. Downing, 1857:213. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat.,
E502, 6. Warder, 1867:533. fig. 7. Vhomas, 1875:498. 8. Lyon, Mich.
Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 9g. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:239. 10. Budd-Han-
sen, 1903 :8o.
SYNONYMS. FALL GENETING (6). Fall Gennetting (3). FALL JENET-
MVEGRUS)e PALL JENNETING (1, 2, 4,5, 7, 10). EAtt JENNETTING (3, 9).
Fruit often large but variable in size, a considerable portion of
the crop being undersized or otherwise unmarketable. It is of a
ereen or yellowish color, shows bruises quite readily, does not
stand shipping very well and is not a good keeper. It is very
good for culinary uses and acceptable for dessert; being of light
weight, it is less desirable than some other varieties for evap-
orating. The tree is an exceedingly strong grower and long-lived,
eventually becoming very large, tall and spreading. It is hardy,
healthy, comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable cropper,
yielding moderately good to heavy crops biennially or nearly annu-
ally. There is apt to be considerable loss from premature dropping
of the fruit. Not recommended for planting in New York.
Historical. It appears that this variety was brought into Western New
York from Athens on the Hudson, about 1827 (1, 2). Elliott (3) in 1854
called it an old Connecticut variety. It has been grown more largely in
portions of the Hudson valley and of Western New York than it has in
other sections of the state but it has not been cultivated extensively in any
locality. It is still listed by nurserymen (9) but in New York it is now
seldom planted and is gradually going out of cultivation.
TREE.
Tree large, vigorous or very vigorous. Form spreading or somewhat
roundish. Twigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout; internodes
medium. Bark dark brown lightly streaked with gray scarf-skin; slightly
pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds
medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. .
60 THE APPLES oF NEw York.
FRuIT.
Fruit above medium to large. form roundish oblate inclined to conic,
slightly ribbed at the base; sides unequal. Stem medium to short, moder-
ately thick. Cavity acuminate, deep, wide, rather symmetrical, with out-
spreading rays of russet. Calyx below medium to rather large, closed or
somewhat open; lobes long, narrow, acute, reflexed. Basin rather small,
shallow, narrow, somewhat furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thin, tough, smooth, pale greenish-yellow with faint brownish-red or
bronze blush. Dots moderately numerous, rather inconspicuous, sometimes
russet but more often whitish and submerged. Prevailing effect vellow.
Calyx tube rather long, narrow funnel-shape. Stamens median to basal.
Core small, axile to somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, closed; core
lines clasping. Carpels somewhat roundish to broadly ovate. Seeds light
brown, rather small, moderately narrow, plump, acute.
Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately firm, fine, crisp, tender, juicy,
sprightly, subacid, good.
Season late September to December.
FALL ORANGE,
REFERENCES. 1. Thomas, Cultivator, 5:246. 1848. 2. 1b., 1849:155. 3. El-
liott, 1854:149. 4. Gregg, 1857:42. 5. Downing, 1857:143. 6. Am. Pom.
Soc. Cat., 1862. 7. Warder, 1867:718. 8. Downing, 1869:168. 9. Jb., 1872:10
index, app. 10. Bailey, An. Hort, 1892:230. 11. Burrilljand = Wic@iner ou)
Sia. Bul., 45:321. 1896. 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903:80. fig.
SYNONYMS. Fatt ORANGE (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 0, 10, 11, 12) a all Oranec
(3). Hogpen (8). Holden (5, 8). Holden Pippin (8). Hoypen (5).
Jones Pippin (5, 8). Long Island (8).~ Long Island Graft (@).) Ne Y%
Belliower (9). ORANGE (3). Orange (8). Red Cheek (8). Speckled (9).
Westbrook (9). White Graft of Wis. (8). White Newell (9).
When well grown Fall Orange is of good size, yellow or green-
ish, with occasionally a shade of red, agreeable subacid, and very
good in quality for culinary use. When it becomes fully ripe so
that its acidity is subdued it is an excellent dessert apple. . The
tree is thrifty, hardy, long-lived and a regular biennial cropper,
often yielding pretty heavy crops. It is not generally regarded as
a good commercial variety because its color is yellow, the fruit is
rather tender and a poor shipper, and with heavy crops there is
apt to be a comparatively large percentage of fruit that is under-
sized or otherwise unmarketable. It is in season from late Sep-
tember to early winter; sometimes a portion of the fruit is kept
till spring.
Zi f N
:
‘ |
FALL ORANGE
ae
THE Apples oF NEw York. 6I
It resembles Autumn Swaar considerably in general appearance ;
for a comparison of the two varieties the reader is referred to the
description of Autumn Swaar, pages I1, 12.
Historical. Fall Orange was described by Thomas in 1848 as a new or
newly-introduced variety of unknown origin (1). In 1857 Downing gave its
origin as Holden, Mass. (5). Since its introduction it has been sparingly
disseminated in various parts of the state. Although it is still listed by some
nurserymen (10) it is now seldom planted in New York.
FRuITt.
Fruit above medium to large; fairly uniform in size but not in shape.
Form roundish conic, irregular. Stem medium to rather short, slender.
Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, medium in width, regular or slightly com-
pressed, often russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium
to large, open or sometimes nearly closed. Basin uneven, one side projecting
higher than the other, moderately deep to deep, narrow to moderately wide,
abrupt, furrowed.
Skin pale yellow or greenish, sometimes with brownish blush. Dots
numerous, large and small, russet or sometimes reddish, areolar.
Calyx tube rather large, usually long, conical to funnel-form with fleshy
pistil point projecting into the base; the lower part of the funnel cylinder is
sometimes enlarged. Stamens.median or below.
Core medium to rather small, axile; cells symmetrical; core lines meeting
when the tube is short, clasping when it is long. Carpels elliptical to nearly
cordate. Seeds not numerous, rather dark brown, medium to below, plump,
obtuse.
Flesh white, moderately fine, crisp, rather tender, juicy, subacid, aromatic,
very good.
Season late September to early winter.
BALL PIPPIN.
REFERENCES. I. Amer. Gard. Cal., 1806:585. 2. Coxe, 1817:100. fiz.
BeCouvctiro21 par. 300. 4. Mhacher, 1822120. 5. Buel, N. V. Ba: Agr.
Mem., 1826:476. 6. Fessenden, 1828:131. 7. Kenrick, 1832:32. 8. Floy-
Lindley, 1833:85. 9. Mag. Hort., 1:326, 364. 1835. 10. Downing, 1845 :84.
mee loy-lindley, 1846:412 app. 12. Phenix, Horticuliurist; 1:3601. 1847.
ree Downie, Jb., 32345. 1849. Cole, 1849:117. fg. 15. Vhomas, 1849:
nee TOs ehoenix, Horiculinnist, A:472. 1859. 217. Barty, 1851-283.
foeiniinons, Nat.iest. Ne Ys 3:44. 1851. fig., col. pl. No, 18, 19..Am.
Om SOG Cai, £8525. 20. Piliott, 1854-78. fe, 21. Grege, 1857-42. 22.
Hooper, 1857 :34, 106, 110. 23. Warder, 1867:571. fig. 24. Downing, 1869:
169. fg. 25. Todd, 1871:311. fig. 26. Fitz, 1872:143, 149, 162. 27. Hogg,
1884:74. 28. Wickson, 1889:244. 29. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:
ZOO, 30: Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:2390. 31. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An.
Rpt, 8:7. i901. figs. 32. Budd-Hansen, 1903:80. fig. 33. Beach ard
Cake Y- Sia. Bul, 2482110. 1904:
62 THE APPLES: oF NEw York.
SYNONYMS. American Fall (7). AutTumMN Pippin (4). Cathead incor-
rectly (24). Cat Head (25). Cobbett’s Fall (7). Cobbett’s Fall Pippin (27).
Concombre Ancien (7). De Rateau (7). D’ Espange (7). Episcopal (24,
25).. Fatt Pippin (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 0, 10, 11, 12) 13, 54) 167 0) aes
21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 20, 30, 31, 32, 33). fall Pippa Ge Golien
Pippin (22, 25, erroneously 2, 24). Holland Pippin (2, 5, err. 15). Phila-
delphia Pippin (20, 24, 25). Pound Pippin (24, 25). Pound Royal (25, of
some 24). Prince’s large Pippin of N. Y. (2). Reinnete Blanche d’Espagne
(7). Summer Pippin (2). Van Duym’s Pippin (2). Van Dyn’s Pippin (5).
York Pippin (24, 25).
Fruit large, and, when fully ripe, of an attractive yellow color.
The flesh is tender, rich and very good in quality, being excellent
for dessert but especially desirable for culinary uses. The tree is
a strong grower, hardy and very long-lived, eventually becoming
large or very large. Since the foliage and fruit are both quite sub-
ject to the attacks of the apple-scab fungus, thorough preventive
treatment for this disease is necessary in order to grow Fall Pippin
successfully for commercial purposes... The crop does not ripen
uniformly, some of the fruit being ripe, well colored and ready
for immediate use in September, while at the same time a consider-
able portion of the crop is still hard and green. When grown
under favorable conditions and properly handled some portion of
the crop may keep till midwinter or later, but even carefully
selected fruit cannot be relied upon to hold in common storage till
December Ist without considerable loss. In cold storage it may
be held till January or February (33). Fall Pippin is generally
in pretty good demand in local markets, and in portions of Eastern
New York it is being used to a limited extent for the early export
trade. It is one of the most desirable varieties of its season for
the home orchard.
Hottanp Pippin AND Fatt Pippin ComPareD.
From the time of Coxe (2), Fall Pippin has by some been called
Holland Pippin. The Holland Pippin indeed much resembles Fail
Pippin, but it differs from it in being in season from mid-August
1 Directions for treating apple scab are given in the reports of this Station for 1899:399-418, and
for 1903:321-386.
FALL PIPPIN (Reduged Size)
THE APPLES OF NEW YorK. 63
to midautumn and in being more roundish and less flattened, and
in having a short, thick stem which is not exserted.
Historical. Origin unknown. Downing (10) held the opinion that Fall
Pippin is an American variety and probably a seedling raised in this country
from either the White Spanish Reinette or the Holland Pippin, both of
which it resembles. It has been widely disseminated from the Atlantic to
the Pacific in most of the important apple-growing regions of the continent
and is still listed by many nurserymen (30). We are unable to determine
how long this variety has been in cultivation. In some New York orchards
trees of it are found which are more than one hundred years old. It is
quite generally grown for home use throughout New York, and also to a
limited extent for market, but it 1s now seldom planted.
TREE.
Tree large, moderately vigorous to very vigorous, with large, long branches
which eventually become somewhat drooping. Form spreading or roundish
and rather dense. Jwigs moderately long, curved, stout and with large
terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark dark reddish-brown, somewhat
tinged with green, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; much pubescent.
Lenticels scattering, medium size, oval, raised. Buds medium size, broad,
plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRuITt.
Fruit large or very large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form round-
ish to roundish oblate, sometimes a little inclined to conic, or sometimes
slightly oblong and truncate, often obscurely ribbed. Stem medium to rather
long, thick. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, moderately deep, moder-
ately narrow to rather wide, symmetrical or sometimes compressed, russeted.
Calyx medium to large, open; lobes separated at the base, moderately long,
rather narrow, acuminate. Basin medium in depth to deep, moderately nar-
row to rather wide, abrupt, wavy, slightly wrinkled.
Skin thin, smooth, at first greenish-yellow but becoming clear yellow,
sometimes faintly blushed. Dots numerous, small, pale and submerged or
russet.
Calyx tube large, wide, long, conical to nearly funnel-form. Stamens
median to basal.
Core medium size, somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, closed or partly
open; core lines meeting or clasping. Carpels roundish, emarginate, tufted.
Seeds rather dark brown, medium size, somewhat acute, plump.
Flesh whitish or tinged with yellow, moderately firm, rather fine, tender,
very juicy, agreeable subacid, somewhat aromatic, very good.
Season late September to January.
FALL WINE.
RERBRENCES! | LaiViag. Hori, t42114. 1848: 2. Cole, 1849-108. 3. ID.,
1849:109. 4. Elliott, 1854:77. 5. Horticulturist, 10:87. 1855. 6. Hooper,
64 THE Apples: oF NEW York.
1857 :36. 7. Downing, 1857:78. 8. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1860:50, 240. Q.
Warder, 1867:434. fig. 10. Downing, 1869:170. fig. 11. Fitz, 1872:153.
12, Thomas, 1875:200. 13. Barry, 1883:338. 14. Wickson, 1889 :244. 15,
Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 16. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :239.
17. Budd-Hansen, 1903:81. fig.
SYNONYMS. FALE WINE (1, 3; 4,5, 6, 7, 8, 0) 10) 11, 429613 ae eee
House (10). Hower (10). Musk Spice (10). Oho Wine (7, 10, 13).
Sharpe’s Spice (7, 10). Sweet Wine (7, 10). Uncle Sam’s Best (7, 10).
WINE (2). Wine of Cole (4).
Fruit medium or above, bright red, attractive; in season from September
to early winter. The tree is of medium size with rather drooping branches,
moderately vigorous, healthy, moderately long-lived and yields good to heavy
crops biennially. The fruit is apt to drop to a considerable extent before it
is fully mature. It is very tender, not a good shipper and not a desirable
commercial variety. It is not much valued for culinary use but it is generally
esteemed wherever it is known on account of its excellent dessert qualities.
It is not recommended for commercial planting in New York.
Fall Wine should not be confused with Twenty Ounce which in some sec-
tions of New York is known under the name of Wine apple.!_ It is also quite
distinct from the true Wine which is a large, showy-apple that ripens in
midautumn and often keeps well through the winter.?
Historical. The origin of this variety is unknown. Elliott (4) says that
it was introduced into the West from the garden of Judge Jonathan Buel,
Albany, N. Y., about 1832. It has been a favorite variety in many parts of
the Middle West but has not been extensively cultivated in New York and
is now seldom or never planted in this state.
FRuit.
Fruit medium or above. Form roundish oblate, somewhat ribbed; sides
often unequal. Stem medium to rather long. Cavity obtuse to somewhat
acute, wide, shallow to moderately deep, sometimes lipped. Calyx small to
medium, closed or partly open; lobes long, narrow, reflexed. Basin deep,
wide or medium in width, rather abrupt, furrowed.
Skin clear yellow washed with red which on the exposed cheek deepens to
a beautiful bright blush, indistinctly striped with carmine. Dots yellowish-
brown or russet.
Calyx tube long, narrow, funnel-form. Stamens median.
Core medium, axile; cells symmetrical, closed or slightly open; core lines
clasping. Carpels broadly roundish, tufted. Seeds medium size, rather wide,
acute.
Flesh tinged with yellow, tender, juicy, aromatic, very mild subacid or
almost sweet; very good for dessert but only fair for culinary use.
Season September to January.
1 See description of Twenty Ounce, page 227
2 See description of Wine apple in "Volume L ‘of this Report, page 373.
Tue Appres or New York. 65
FAMEUSE.
REFERENCES. I. Forsyth, 1824:101. 2. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:
fnew London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 757. 4. Kenrick, 1832:33. 5.
itoy-lindley, 1633:10: 6. Manning, 1838:55. 7. Jb., Mag. Hort., 7:45.
1841. 8. Downing, 1845:91. 9. Horticulturist, 1:257. 1846. 10. Thomas,
Culivator, 5:300. 1848 fg. 11. /b., 1849:147. fg. 12. Cole, 1849:118.
Poemmmens. War Hist N. Y. 3:36. 1851. col. pl. No. 48. 14. Hovey,
Ponies pl. and: ie. 4 15. Mag. Hort, 17:15. 1851. fg. 16. Good-
tich, [b., 17:122. 1851. 17. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 18. Elliott, 1854 :77
1g. Gregg, 1857:42. 20. Hooper, 1857 :36, 107, 110. 21. Lothrop, Mag. Hort.,
Seecosweerooa. 22. Warder, 18672505. 23. Fodd, 1871:25.. fg. 24. Fitz,
mages. leroy, 1873-403. 20. Monireal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:12.
2elackewlbs 0-61. Taso. 28. tb, 8-140. 1881-82. 29. Hogg, 1884:58. 30.
Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 47:249. 1888. 31. Wickson, 1889:245. 32. Montreal
PAA VOGEehept.. EA .oo, 89. i880.. 33: Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc: Rpt., 1890:
Bqowes4. Vonireal Hort. Soc. Rpt. 15:10, 26. 1800. 35. Bailey, An. Hort.,
ES92-2409) 30. J0:, 1892:2490. 37. Laylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:57. 38.
Amer. Gard., 14:425. 1803. 39. Burrill and McCluer, Jil. Sta. Bul., 45 :321.
1896. 40. Can. Hort., 20:304. 1897. -figs. 41. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas.
Minnie 1SOo. es, 42. Can. Hort. 22:226. 1890. 43. Craig,
Pune 2027. 1800. Ad. Vt. Sta. Bul., 83:83-02. .1900. 45. Can.
Liem ee 28O2. TOO. 40, Waugh, /t.. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:203. 1901. 47.
Budd-Hansen, 1903:82. fig. 48. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248 :120.
he} OA Q a Scribe, Can. Hort. 28:277.. 1905.
DEOMNONVMS Chimney Apple (14, 16, 22, 25). Dr Netce: (3, -25, 20).
Merete ts). au Marechal (25). KFamMEUSE (1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, IO, 11, 12,
Pie iO etiv7 ES.) CO, .20, 21, 22. 23.24. 26; 27, 28 320, 31, 32, 24, 35,
eseesOnHOe AT. AZ A214, 45, 46, 47, 48). —FFameuse (5, 8, 25, 20, 36).
La Belle Fameuse (43). La Fameuse (29). Neige (2). Neige-Framboise
de Gielen (25). Pomme DE NEIcE (5, 8). Pomme de Neige (A, 9, 10, II, 13,
14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 41). Pomme de Niége (1, 7, 12). Pomme Fameuse
(3). Pomme de Fameuse (14, 15). Sanguineus (8, I4, 15, 18, 23, 25).
Meee) an Sow (2. 10, 12) 14, 16, 18, 20:/21, 22, 23, 25, 31, 33, At;
43, 46, 47, 48).
Fameuse is one of the most desirable dessert apples of its season.
It is very beautiful in appearance and the flesh is white, tender and
excellent in flavor and quality for dessert. It is decidedly inferior
te other varieties of its season for culinary purposes. It is well
known in market, and during its ‘season, which extends from
October to the holidays, it usually sells above average market
prices, particularly if well colored and free from scab or other im-
perfections. The fruit is often badly injured by the apple-scab
fungus, but this may readily be controlled by proper preventive
treatment.! It keeps well in cold storage. Some report that if free
1N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:399-418. 1899. Ib., 22:321-386. 1903.
66 THE APPLES oF NEW YorK.
from scab it may be held as long as Rhode Island Greening (48).
In the Champlain district and in portions of the St. Lawrence val-
ley it is one of the most important varieties found in commercial
orchards. Generally speaking, it grows to a higher degree of per-
fection in those districts than it does in other apple-growing regions
of New York. In the more southern sections of the state it appears
to succeed best in the high elevations and on light well drained
soil with clay subsoil. The tree is of medium size, a moderate
grower, hardy, healthy, rather long-lived, and a reliable cropper
vielding good to heavy crops biennially or sometimes nearly annu-
ally. The fruit hangs pretty well to the tree. Fruit of marketable
grades is fairly uniform in size, but there is a considerable amount
of it that is too small for market. In those portions of New York
south of Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence valley the fruit
does not usually develop its best color, and in some seasons, and
particularly in unfavorable localities, it is so poorly colored as to
be quite unsatisfactory. In such locations it is better for the fruit
grower to plant McIntosh instead of Fameuse if he desires to
grow a variety of the Fameuse group.
Historical. Waugh (44) gives the following historical account of the
Fameuse. “The history of Fameuse is obscure, probably beyond clearing
up satisfactorily, but extremely interesting as far as we know or can guess
at it. The turning point of speculation for years has been as to whether
the variety is of American or European origin. One of the most interesting
contributions to this discussion was made by Mr. Chauncey Goodrich, (16)
of Burlington, Vt., in 1851. We quote the following extracts from this
article:
‘It is here one of the most common as well as oldest varieties; hundreds
of barrels are sold in a single season in this town alone. . . . All Ameri-
can writers call it a Canadian apple; of this I think there is no proof. One
hundred and twenty years since, the French planted this variety on the
eastern shore of Lake Champlain, opposite Fort Frederick on Crown Point,
at a place called ‘Chimney Point’ — more than fifty years before any other
permanent settlement. From these old trees cions have been scattered
through Vermont, and called the Chimney apple. A very intelligent and
highly educated French seigneur residing on an old seignory eighty miles
below Quebec informed me that this was one of the first varieties of apples
planted on the place; that the trees were very old and were brought from
France. The early French settlers planted the same variety at Ogdensburg,
Detroit, and other places on Lakes Erie and Ontario, where it is still known
as the ‘Snow Apple’; also at Kaskaskia, Illinois, more than one hundred
ASNAWVS
f i - '
ce a
Tue AppLes oF New York. 67
and fifty years since, where the old trees are still productive, and apples
from them are sent to St. Louis, &c. The same apple may be found in
France, and in London of the growth of France.’
“Tt is hardly to be supposed that a seedling apple was produced in Canada
at so early a day as to be distributed more than a thousand miles in every
settlement made by the French, one hundred and fifty years since.
“Another fact tending to suggest a European origin for Fameuse is that
it is usually found in the old gardens, in company with well known European
varieties of pears, apples and other fruits.
“On the other hand the testimony of European pomologists is mostly against
the theory of a European origin. The variety is known in the larger collec-
tions of all the countries of Europe, just as Ben Davis is, and has been known
there for many years. But most European authors unhesitatingly assign a
Canadian origin to the variety; and the variety seems too little known, too
little appreciated, and too little at home with European surroundings for us
to believe it originated there. Those who call it a European apple usually
assign its nativity to France; but Leroy (25) the greatest of all French, and
perhaps of all European authorities, did not know the variety. He says that
Le Lectier cultivated the Pomme de Neige (synonym of Fameuse) at Or-
leans (France) before 1628; but Leroy did not know whether or not this
was the same Pomme de Neige grown in Canada. In fact he says, ‘I have
never, up to the present time, met this apple Pomme de Neige on our soil.
In place of it they have always sent me Calvill de Neige, ripening from Janu-
aty to March. Most of the so-called Snow apples of Europe, in fact, are
white skinned and totally different from the Snow, or Fameuse, of America.
“Tt is agreed that, whether the Fameuse came from Europe or not, it was
distributed by the earliest of the French missionaries and planted by the first
settlers. Quebec was founded shortly before 1600 and Montreal in 1641. The
seigniory du Cote de Beaupre, said to be the oldest seignory in Quebec, was
granted in 1636 and promptly colonized. Thus we have almost a hundred
years of French settlement and missionary activity prior to 1700, the approxi-
mate date at which, according to Mr. Goodrich, the Fameuse was brought
to Vermont. This seems to allow ample time for a Canadian origin fo,
the variety and for its wide distribution in Quebec, Ontario and the Northern
states.
“The early distribution of apples, either from Europe to Canada, or from
place to place on this continent, was accomplished chiefly, almost exclusively,
by seeds. Some of the missionaries knew the art of grafting, but there was
small encouragement to practice it. From these considerations, and others
which cannot be fully argued here, the writer is firmly convinced that the
Fameuse originated in Canada from seed brought from France.”
TREE.
Tree vigorous, with long, moderately stout branches. Form upright spread-
ing or roundish, rather dense. Twigs medium size, curved, stout; internodes
short. Bark dark brown tinged with red, lightly coated with scarf-skin;
pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, round or somewhat oval, slightly raised.
Buds medium size, flat, obtuse, free, pubescent.
68 THe AppLes oF NEw York.
FRvuIT.
Fruit hardly averages medium but sometimes is above medium size. Form
roundish inclined to conic, sometimes a little oblate, regular, uniform, sym-
metrical. Stem medium to short but sometimes long, rather slender. Cavity
acute to somewhat acuminate, moderately deep to deep, rather wide, often
gently furrowed, sometimes partly russeted but generally smooth and red
or greenish. Calyx rather small, usually closed. Basin medium in width and
depth, rather small, somewhat abrupt, obscurely furrowed or wrinkled, often
having mammuiform protuberances.
Skin thin, tender, smooth, light bright red deepening to almost purplish
black in highly colored specimens with a somewhat striped appearance
toward the apex. In less highly colored specimens the striped effect is more
noticeable. Dots few, scattering, light.
Calyx tube narrow, funnel-form. Stamens median or somewhat basal.
Core medium to rather small, axile; cells closed; core lines clasping.
Carpels symmetrical, roundish or inclined to elliptical, somewhat emargi-
nate, mucronate. Seeds dark, long, rather narrow, acute to acuminate.
Flesh white, sometimes streaked or stained with red, very tender, juicy,
subacid becoming very mild subacid or sweetish, aromatic, very good for
dessert.
Season October to midwinter.
STRIPED FAMEUSE. Repi oes etcosn as
Gaucher, 1894:No. 10. col. pl. 32. Saunders, Ont. Fr. Gr. Assn. An. Rpt.,
27:51. 1805. 33. Amer. Gard., 16:381. 1805. fg. 34. Burrall and Wic@lier,
[ll. Sta. Bul., 45:303- 1896. 35. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 18098 :35,4.
36. Can. Hort., 22-133. 1800. 37: Van Deman, ural Nees o eco meaoD:
38: Woolverton, Ont. Fro Stas. An. Rpt, 8:8)" 100i, 72s), Ou eueaney a
Sta. An, Rpt., 14:295. 1901. 40. Can. Hort., 25:167. 1902. fig. 41. Budd-
NISLSNSAVYS
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THe Appres oF NEw York. 8
5
Piamseietgo? Os. Ve. 42. Bruner, N.C. Sta. Bul. 182:20. 1003. 43:
Pomeleand wanitun, U.S. Be P. J. Bul:, 48:43. 1903. 44. Beach and Clark,
eee SiG. 5 )., 248 2122, TOOK.
SynonyMs. Blumen-Calvill (31). Calwville de Gravenstein (31). Calville
Grafenstemer (23, 31). Diel’s Sommerkonig (31). Early Congress (25).
Grajen-Apfel (31). Grafensteimer (15, 23, 31). Grave Shige (23). Grave
a iea(oanset ea): \GRAVENSTEIN (1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8, 0, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
eee tOuZ0 21.22.22) 24.25. 26, 27.28, 20, 30, 32, 33,34, 35, 30, 37,
26, 30, 40, AI, 43, 44). Gravenstein (31). GRAVENSTEINER (31). Graven-
siemmer, (23). Gravenstine (31). Ohio Nonpareil (17, 23, 31). Paradies
Apfel (31). Pomme Graefenstem (31). Prinzessin-Apfel (31). Ripp Apfel
(21) Sabie (31). * Sabmme of the Flemings (15, 23). Strohmer (31).
Stromling (31). Tom Harryman (31).
Gravenstein is an apple of good size, attractive appearance and
excellent quality. For culinary purposes it is perhaps unexcelled
by any variety of its season. It often sells at comparatively high
prices. In many sections of the state the tree is regarded as not
quite hardy, being somewhat subject to sunscald and canker. It
comes into bearing moderately early, is quite productive and a
puctyeerchiable cropper. Uhe!crop ripens continuously during a
period of several weeks and should have two or three pickings.
Beginning in the latter half of September it continues in season till
early November. When properly handled a considerable portion
of the fruit may remain apparently sound much later than this but
the color fades and the quality and flavor deteriorate. As com-
pared with other varieties of its class it stands up well in good
dry cold storage (44). There is apt to be considerable loss from
the dropping of the fruit before it 1s properly colored and there
is also a rather high percentage of low grade or unmarketable
fruit. In spite of these serious faults its cultivation in commer-
cial orchards is gradually increasing in some sections of the state,
particularly in portions of the Hudson valley where fruit growers
find it a desirable apple for both domestic and foreign markets.
Historical. The following excellent account of the history of this variety
was given by Hovey in 1851 (15). “The origin of the Gravenstein remains
in some doubt. It is said to have been originally found in the Duke of
Augustinberg’s garden at Gravenstein, in Holstein, and that the original tree
was growing there in the middle of the last century; another statement is,
that it derived its name from being found in the garden of the castle of
Grafenstein, in Sleswick; and Diel says, that it was supposed by some to.
86 THE Apples oF NEw YorK.
have been introduced from Italy. Be this as it may, it is a common apple
throughout Germany and Sweden, and was received from thence into the
English collections. It is undoubtedly of similar origin with the Red Astra-
chan and Duchess of Oldenburg, possessing the peculiar habit of growth,
form of foliage, and texture of the fruit, which distinguish the German
apples.
“At what time it was first introduced into our gardens we are not aware.
But as neither Coxe or Thacher describe or name it, we suppose it was some
time subsequent to the account given of it in the Transactions of the London
Horticultural Society in 1822. It is at the present time considerably culti-
vated, though not to the extent its merits deserve.” P
In 1857 Captain DeWolfe stated that the Gravenstein was imported by
him from Denmark in May, 1826 (20). In a letter dated October 11, 1820,
published in the New England Farmer, Judge Buel, of Albany, called at-
tention to the importation of Gravenstein and other German apples, trees of
which he had presented to the members of the Massachusetts Horticultural
Society. Hovey states that in view of this it appears that Gravenstein was
imported to the vicinity of Albany probably prior to 1826 (20). After these
early importations Gravenstein gradually found its way into cultivation in
various portions of the country. For many years it has been pretty gen-
erally disseminated through New York state, but in most localities it is grown
to a limited extent only.
TREE.
Tree large, vigorous. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs
medium to long, curved, moderately stout; internodes long. Bark brownish-
red, mingled with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent.
Lenticels very scattering, medium to small, oblong, not raised. Buds medium
in size, plump, acute, free, pubescent.
Fruit.
Fruit large to above medium, fairly uniform in size but not in shape.
Form oblate to roundish, somewhat irregular, broad at the base, slightly
angular about the basin. Stem short to medium, thick. Cavity rather large,
acute to acuminate, moderately deep to deep, rather narrow to broad, irregu-
larly russeted. Calyx large, open or sometimes closed; lobes large, long, very
broad, acute. Basin irregular, medium in depth to deep, medium to wide,
obtuse to somewhat abrupt, wrinkled.
Skin thin, tender, slightly rough, greenish-yellow to orange-yellow over-
laid with broken stripes of light and dark red. Dots few, small, light. Pre-
vailing effect yellow striped.
Calyx tube large, conical to funnel-shape. Stamens median.
Core medium in size, strongly abaxile; cells open; core lines clasping the
funnel cylinder. Carpels broadly ovate, emarginate. Seeds medium to
large, medium in width, rather long, plump, acute to acuminate, medium
brown.
Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately fine, crisp, moderately tender, juicy,
sprightly subacid, aromatic, very good to best.
Season late September till early November.
THE AppLes oF NEw York. 87
Rep TypEs OF THE GRAVENSTEIN.
Several instances are known where bud sports of the Gravenstein
have originated which bear highly colored red fruit, but in other
respects are quite like the typical Gravenstein. Some of these
sports have neither been described nor propagated but others of them
have been introduced into cultivation under distinct names. Gaucher
and Leroy each describe a Red Gravenstein.’ A Red Gravenstein
which originated in Nova Scotia is now cultivated under the name
Pankceioer an account of this variety the reader is referred to
Banks, page 14.
GREAT MOGUL.
REFERENCES. I. Regel, 1:453. 1868. 2. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885 :24,
Boome a lyon U.S. Pom. Bul. 2:41. 1888. 4. Budd, la, Sia. Bul.
TOP pOmetoO2 5. Droop, Ind. Sta. Bul, 53:124. 1804. 6. Stinson, Ark. Sta:
ip PiOEtOsa.) 1606, 1.7. Droop, Ind. Sta. Rpt., 12:80. 1890. 8. Ib.,
TEPC WIPeAIco5. S09, Q. Ragan, U. S. B. P. f. Bul., 56:128. 1905.
SMNOMMVAISmGREAK NoGgur (i, 2) 3,4, 5, 6,7, 80). 54 M (3). Grosser
Mogul (2, 9). Vilikui Mogul (2, 9).
Fruit large, greenish, blushed and striped with red, somewhat resembling
Alexander in type but tending to be more oblong, less broadly striped with
carmine, and on the whole less attractive in color and form. Tree a fine
grower, comes into bearing rather young, is an annual bearer and productive.
It is not recommended for growing in New York.
Historical. An apple of Russian origin which was introduced into the
United States about twenty-five years ago (1, 2, 3).
TREE.
Tree a good grower when young but when full grown is rather below
medium size. Form open, spreading, rather drooping with rather short stout
branches and drooping laterals. Twigs below medium to short, stout, irregu-
larly geniculate. Bark clear brownish-red to very dark brown almost black,
mottled lightly with gray scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels very con-
spicuous, medium to large, oblong, generally elongated and russeted. Buds
very prominent, large, broad, plump, acute, free, lightly attached to the bark,
scales not well united, pubescent.
Fruit.
Fruit large to very large. Form roundish ovate, sometimes varying to
eblong conic or to oblate conic, slightly angular. Usually the fruit is pretty
regular in form, shape and size. Stem medium to nearly long, rather thick,
often clubbed or swollen. Cavity usually very acuminate, sometimes acute,
moderately deep, moderately wide, sometimes with outspreading russet rays,
smooth, symmetrical, often lipped. Calyx medium to rather large, closed or
1 Leroy, 1873:339. Gaucher, 1894:No. 11.
88 THE AppLes oF NEw YorK:
slightly open, lobes long, broad, acute. Basin rather small, often oblique,
narrow to medium in width, shallow to moderately deep, somewhat abrupt,
smooth or slightly wrinkled, symmetrical.
Skin rather thick, tough, smooth, somewhat waxy, pale greenish-yellow
more or less overspread with rather bright pinkish-red, often indistinctly
striped with carmine. Dots inconspicuous, numerous, small, scattering, gray.
Calyx tube medium, elongated, conical or somewhat funnel-form with
wide limb and fleshy pistil point projecting into the base. Stamens marginal
to median.
Core somewhat abaxile; cells often unsymmetrical, varying from wide
open to nearly closed; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels broadly ovate,
elongated, slightly emarginate. Seeds numerous, compactly filling the cells,
medium to iarge, variable in shape, rather short, very wide, plump, obtuse
or sometimes acute, light brown.
Flesh nearly white, slightly tinged with yellow, not very firm, moderately
fine, not crisp, tender, juicy, subacid mingled with sweet, fair to good in
quality.
Season October to December.
GREEN SEEK-NO-FURTHER.
REFERENCES. 1. Coxe, 1817:131. fig: 2. Kenrick) 1832-5 4a nota
1849:181. fig. 4. Emmons, Nat: dist: N.Y.) 338551651) eee noite
1854 :137. 6. Warder, 1867:720. 7. Downing, 1869 :202.
Synonyms. Autumn Seeknofurther (4). Bracys Seek-no-further (5)-
Flushing Seek-no-further (7). GREEN SEEK-No-FURTHER (3, 5, 6, 7).
SEEKNOFURTHER (4). Seeknofurther (5, 7, of Coxe 3). SEEK-NO-FURTHER
(1). White Seek-no-further (7). WINTER SEEK-NO-FURTHER (2).
A large yellowish-green apple with faint blush of orange-red,
very good in quality; season early winter. The tree is a rather
slow grower, but eventually forms a regular, compact head and is
quite productive. Desirable for the home orchard (1, 7.)
Historical. The earliest description of this variety which we find is that
given by Coxe (1) who remarks that it.is a native of one of the eastern
states. Downing states that it originated in the garden of William Prince,
Fiushing, N. Y. (7). It is now seldom found in cultivation in New York.
FRUIT.
Fruit large. Form roundish conic or a little inclined to oblate conic,
ribbed. Stem short to medium, thick. Cavity large, acute to somewhat
acuminate, deep, broad, more or less marked with faint greenish-russet.
Calyx moderately large, closed or slightly open. Basin deep, rather wide,
abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled. 7
Skin moderately thick, tough, greenish-yellow or yellow with faint orange-
red blush. Dots variable, large and small, often irregular, areolar with
russet center or whitish and submerged.
Tue Applies or New York. 89
Calyx tube large, moderately long, wide, conical. Stamens median.
Core small, axile; cells symmetrical, closed; core lines meeting or slightly
clasping. Carpels roundish to broadly ovate, tufted. Seeds rather numerous,
above medium, narrow, long, acute to acuminate, tufted.
Flesh yellowish-white, moderately coarse, crisp, tender, very juicy, sprightly,
rich subacid, very good.
Season October to January.
GROSH.
REFERENCES. 1. Western Horticultural Review, 1853 (cited by 4). 2. Gard.
WMomiiyetooL 124 (eited by, 3). 3. Kenrick, Mag. Hort., 29:73. 1863. fig.
4. Warder, 1867:464, 735. fig. 5. Warder, 1867:720. 6. Downing, 1869 :205.
PivEeTOOOreO. 66.1): 1872\:-37 app. 9. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1877:10.: 10.
batty, £683:350. 11. Thomas, 1885:528. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:252.
Powe bWl. A5-345. 1800; 14. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:13. 15. lyon,
WG Sida Wl TAS -200. 1807. 16. Vani Deman, Rural N. Y., 58:722. 1800.
Deepen acanie OW. S. Bb. P. 1, Bul. 56:132. 1005.
SYNONYMS. BEAUTY OF THE WEST (7, 13). Beauty of the West (17).
Big Rambo (4, 8, 16, 17). Cummings Rambo (17). English Rambo (16).
ETCHED Iino Or some (17). GROSH (5, 6, 14, 15, 16,17). Grosh (0).
Grosh’s Mammoth (17). Large Rambo (17). Large Summer Rambo (17).
Lothringer Rambour (17). Mammoth Rambo (17). Monstrous Rambo
(17). Musgrove (16). Musgrove’s Cooper (4, 7, 8, 17). Naylor Rambo
GA) Ou. bEAuTY (2). Olio Beauty (4, 7, 8, 16, 17). Pickaway
Rambo (17). Rambour Lorraine (17). Summer Rambo (0, 17). Sweet
Rambo incorrectly (17). WESTERN BEAUTY (3, 4, 8, 90, 10, 12). Western
Beauty, 13, 16, 17, ° 14).
Fruit large, uniform and when well colored rather attractive,
being mottled and striped with red. The flesh is tender, sprightly,
pleasant subacid, in season from September till early winter. The
tree is a strong grower, comes into bearing early and is a reliable
cropper, yielding moderate to good crops almost annually. There
is apt to be considerable loss from premature dropping of the fruit.
So far as we can learn this variety has been as yet but little grown
in New York. It appears to be worthy of further testing.
Summer Rambo much resembles this variety in general appear-
ance but ripens about a month earlier.
Historical. Origin unknown. It was first brought to notice in Ohio, where
it has been much grown under the name of Western Beauty.
TREE.
Tree vigorous with very long, moderately stout, curved branches. Form
upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs long to below medium, somewhat
go THE Apples oF NEw York.
curved, moderately stout; internodes medium or below. Bark clear reddish-
brown mingled with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent
near tips. Lenticels clear brownish, conspicuous, quite numerous, medium or
above, roundish, raised. Buds medium to large, prominent, broad, plump,
obtuse, free or nearly so, slightly pubescent.
FRvIT.
Fruit large or very large, very uniform in size and shape. Form roundish
oblate to somewhat conical, regular or sometimes elliptical. Stem short to
above medium, moderately thick. Cavity acuminate to acute, deep, wide,
often somewhat compressed, smooth and green or sometimes russeted, sym-
metrical or gently furrowed, sometimes lipped. Calyx above medium to very
large, usually somewhat open disclosing the yellow calyx tube; lobes sepa-
rated at the base, rather long, often leafy, acute to acuminate. Basin often
oblique, large, medium in depth and width to deep and rather wide, abrupt,
usually somewhat furrowed.
Skin thick, tough, waxy, greenish-yellow becoming clear bright yellow when
fully mature, washed and mottled with bright red and striped and splashed
with carmine, except in highly-colored specimens the yellow - predominates.
Dots numerous, small to rather large, pale gray or russet, often areolar or
whitish and submerged. .
Calyx tube rather large, wide at the top, conical or approaching funnel-
form. Stamens nearly basal to above median.
Core small to medium, axile or somewhat abaxile with hollow cylinder in
the axis; cells symmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines clasping.
Carpels broadly roundish to ovate, emarginate, often tufted. Seeds mod-
erately numerous, moderately dark brown, often abortive, medium size, mod-
erately wide, obtuse to-acute. ;
Flesh whitish, slightly tinged with yellow, rather firm, medium to rather
coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, a little aromatic, good or some-
times very good.
Season September to January.
GRUNDY.
REFERENCES. I. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:56. 1902. 2. Budd-Hansen,
1903:05. 3. Jewell Nursery Co. Cat, 1903:7. 4. Ragan UP. Seeeae ban
56 :133. 1905.
SyNoNYMS. GRUNDY (1, 2, 3, 4). Thompson Seedling No. 38 (1, 2, 3, 4).
Fruit large, regular, subacid, yellow marbled with red. Season September
and October. Tree vigorous, spreading, productive. Originated from seed
taken from New York to Grundy county, Iowa, by Mrs. J. S. B. Thompson in
1861. It has received favorable notice as a hardy variety in that region, but
has not been sufficiently tested in this state to determine its value here (2).
A rmsetttt sistas,
HAAS
THE AppLes OF NEW YORK. QI
HAAS.
REFERENCES. 1. Horticulturist, 25:55. 1870. 2. Downing, 1872:10 app. fig.
3. Barry, 1883:345. 4. Thomas, 1885:512. 5. Can. Hort., 11:60, 73. 1888.
6. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. 7. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 1:24.
1894. 8. Stinson, Ark. Sta. Bul., 43:103. 1806. 9. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt.,
1896:70. 10. Waugh, Vi. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:296. 1901. 11. Munson, Me. Sta.
ii ae2eOs 1002. 12.) Wickens and (Greene, Kan, Sia, Bul., 106:53. 1002.
ieemictansenson 2) Sia. Bul. 7:50. Too2, 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903706. fg.
BomLionranidee GH, Sta. bibl. 205-44.” 1903. 16. Beach and Clark, N. V. Sta:
Bul., 248 :123. 1904.
SMOG KALE OUREN (2) 3.7). “Fall Oween- (4, 5, 14, 160). Gros
OMmMICia 2.0). Gros Pomnier (2). HAAS (5, 6, 0, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14; 15, 16).
LiG¢sm2asip EL ELASS (8). Elorse, of some (@). Eloss (1). Hoss (2).
Fruit of good medium size and very attractive bright red color
but only fair in quality. With some growers it has proved profit-
able because the tree comes into bearing young and is very thrifty,
hardy and productive, but on account of the inferior quality of its
fruit doubtless it will be eventually wholly supplanted by better
kinds.
Historical. Originated on the grounds of Gabriel Cerré, St. Louis, Mo. (2).
It has been widely disseminated throughout the Middle West and Southwest
where it is recognized as one of the hardiest of American apples. In New
York it has been planted to a limited extent only and its cultivation is not
increasing.
TREE.
Tree large, very vigorous with long, slender branches. Form at first com-
paratively tall and upright but becoming spreading or roundish. Twigs long,
curved, slender with large terminal buds; internodes long. Bark brown or
reddish-brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite
numerous, medium size, oval, not raised. Buds medium to large, broad,
plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to above. Form oblate a little inclined to conic, somewhat
ribbed; sides usually unequal. Stem medium to short, thick, often partly red.
Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, broad, usually symmetrical, more or less
covered with thin greenish-russet. Calyx small to medium, closed or nearly
- so; lobes separated at base, short, narrow, acuminate. Basin moderately
narrow, rather deep, abrupt, smooth or slightly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thin, tough, smooth, yellow, mottled, washed and nearly covered with
deep bright red or brownish-red, striped and splashed with deep carmine.
Dots small to rather large, inconspicuous, numerous, pale or russet. Prevail-
mg effect red striped with carmine.
Q2 Tue AppLes OF NEw York.
Calyx tube very variable, rather long and wide, conical or approaching
funnel-form. Stamens median or below.
Core below medium to above, somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, open or
sometimes closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish to elliptical.
Seeds dark brown, medium to large, of medium width, plump, acute.
Flesh white, often stained with red, firm, moderately fine, a little tough,
moderately juicy to juicy, sprightly subacid, aromatic, a little astringent,
poor to fair or sometimes nearly good.
Seasow% October to early winter. In common storage the ordinary com-
mercial limit is November (16).
HAGLOE.,
REFERENCES, 1. Coxe, 1817:107. fig. 2. Thacher s1822¢12Geseceeuescen—
den, 1828:131. 4. Downing, Horticulturist, 3:249. 1848. 5. Thomas, 1849:
141. 6. Downing, 1854:146. 7. Elliott, 1854:137. 8. Hooper, 1857:42. 9.
Horticulturist, 14:425. 1850: 10. Am. Pom. Soc. Cot, 180255 ee angets
1867506. 12. Barry, 1883 :334. 13. Bailey, An. Hort, 1802221 0neuaee rae
Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:17. 15. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :96.
SYNONYMS. HElAGLOE (7, 8, Il, 12) 13, 14, 15)) EUAcrom CraumGrec ee resit
incorrectly. SumMMER HAGLoE (4, 5, 6, 9, 10). Summer Hagloe (7).
In 1817 Coxe gave the following description of this variety (1). “ The
fruit, when fully ripe, has a yellow ground streaked with bright red —
the size about middling, the form round, flat at the ends; the stalk large —
the flesh remarkably soft and woolly, but not dry —the taste acid, but highly
flavoured. * * * It ripens in August and September; keeps a long time
without rotting —it bears abundantly and early: the growth of the tree is
very uncommon; thick strong shoots; buds, particularly at the extremity of
the branches, very large; the colour of the wood dark —the size of the tree
small: the Hagloe is an uncommonly fine cooking apple; and from its great
beauty and large size, added to its abundant bearing, is a valuable market
Ercuitees
The tree is not a very good grower but comes into bearing rather young
and yields moderate to good crops annually or nearly annually. The quality
of the fruit is such that it is valued chiefly for culinary use and market. It
is of good size and pretty uniform but the color is predominantly pale yellow
rather faintly striped with red. It is not sufficiently attractive for a good
market sort.
Historical. It is now held that Hagloe originated in America (14, 15).
Coxe and some later writers confused this variety with the English cider
fruit known as Hagloe Crab but eventually this error was discovered (4)
and the name Summer Hagloe came to be commonly accepted among pomol-
ogists for this variety, under which name it was listed by the American
Pomological Society in 1862 (10). In 1899 the name was changed to Hag-
loe (14) in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society. This variety
is but little known in New York.
TREE.
Tree rather small, a slow grower with moderately long, crooked branches.
Form flat, spreading, rather dense. wigs short, straight, stout with large
Tur Appres or New York. 93
terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark brown with some olive-green,
lightly mottled with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lemnticels scattering,
large to medium, oblong, raised. Buds medium to large, broad, plump,
obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRvIT.
Fruit medium to large, pretty uniform. Form roundish truncate to
roundish conic, ribbed; sides often unequal. Stem short to medium, rather
thick. Cavity acute, medium in width and depth, symmetrical, russeted and
with rather irregular, outspreading russet. Calyx below medium to above,
closed or open; lobes often separated at the base, narrow, acuminate. Basin
moderately deep, narrow to medium in width, abrupt, nearly smooth.
Skin rather tender, smooth, somewhat glossy, pale greenish-yellow washed
and mottled with pinkish-red marked with splashes and narrow stripes of
bright carmine. Dots light, inconspicuous. Prevailing effect yellow, faintly
striped.
Calyx tube moderately long, wide, conical. Stamens basal.
Core usually small, axile to abaxile; cells usually open; core lines clasping.
Carpels broadly ovate, emarginate, tufted. Seeds rather light brown, small
to medium, roundish, very plump, obtuse.
Flesh white, moderately fine, tender, rather juicy, sprightly subacid, good
for culinary purposes.
Season late August and September.
HARVEST REDSTREAK,
REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1857:214. 2. Warder, 1867:436. 3. Downing,
Bee oEE eA Homas, 1875:°501. 5. Ragan, U. S. B. P. J. Bul.,-56:138.
1905.
Synonyms. Early Red Pippin (5). Early Redstreak (2). Early Red
Sireak (3). Harvest REDSTREAK (2, 5). HArvesT RED STREAK (I, 3, 4).
Striped Harvest (3, 5).
Fruit of medium size, smooth, greenish-yellow or whitish striped and
splashed with red. Flesh whitish, coarse, subacid, good for culinary use;
season August and September. It is not sufficiently attractive in color for
a good market variety. The tree is medium to large, with round head, mod-
erately vigorous to very vigorous and yields good to heavy crops biennially.
Historical. This is an old variety of unknown origin. It is rarely found
in New York and is now seldom or never planted.
HASKELL,
REFERENCES. I. Manning, Mag. Hort., 6:172. 1840. 2. [b., 7:45. 1841.
3. Thomas, 1849:145. fig. 4. Cole, 1849:108. fig. 5. Cultivator, 6:342.
meee O Batty. 1851-284. 7. Elliott, 1854:137. 8 Gregg, 1857:43. 9.
Downing, 1857:82. 10. Warder, 1867:385. 11. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt.,
1890 :292. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. 13. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53:
278. 1894. 14. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. J. Bul., 48:44. 1903. 15.
Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:124. 1904.
94 | THE Apples oF NEw York.
SyNoNYMS. HASKELL (14, 15). HasKELL Sweet (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
Ii, 12, 13). Haskell Sweet (4, 14, 15). SASSAFRAS SWEET (4). Sassafras
weet (6, 7, 8, 9).
Fruit large, of good appearance for a greenish-yellow apple,
sweet, excellent for culinary use, in season from September to late
fall or early winter. The crop does not ripen uniformly. The
earliest ripening fruit becomes fully mature in September while
at the same time others are green and hard. In ordinary storage
the commercial limit appears to be early November and in cold
storage the middle of January (15). The tree is a thrifty grower,
comes into bearing moderately young and yields full crops bien-
nially. Desirable for the home orchard.
Historical. Origin, Ipswich, Mass. (2, 5). It is not commonly known
in New York. It is occasionally listed by nurserymen (12) but is now seldom
planted.
TREE.
Tree large, vigorous; branches long, moderately stout with numerous
small spurs. Form upright spreading or roundish, rather open. Twigs
moderately long, curved, moderately stout; internodes long. Bark brown,
heavily mottled with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, small,
round, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit large or above medium, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish
or oblate, regular. Stem short, usually not exserted. Cavtiy acute to acumi-
nate, deep or moderately deep, moderately narrow to rather wide, somewhat
furrowed, russeted and with some outspreading russet rays. Calyx large,
closed. Basin wide, moderately deep, rather abrupt, smooth er somewhat
wrinkled.
Skin greenish-yellow, more or less dotted and flecked with russet, occa-
sionally with a bronze blush. Dots numerous, large, dark.
Calyx tube large, cone-shape to funnel-form. Stamens median.
Core rather small, axile; cells symmetricai, closed; core lines clasping.
Carpels broad at the middle narrowing toward base and apex, emarginate.
Seeds medium size, short, plump, obtuse.
Flesh vellowish, a little coarse, moderately crisp, tender, very sweet, aro-
matic, very good in flavor and quality.
Season September to late fall or early winter.
HAWLEY.
REFERENCES. I. Hovey, Mag. Hort. 13 :112, 535. 1847. fee 2) CulA-
vator, 4:114. 1847. fig. 3. Leavenworth, Horticulturist, 2:27. 1847. fig.
4. Cultivator, 5:246. 1848. 5. Cole, 1849:112. fig. 6. Thomas, 1849:156.
—
HAWLEY
ST TE ET ae ee
THe AppLes oF NEw York. 95
peepee eimmons, Nat Hast; N. V., 3:48. 1851. col. pl. No. 24, fig. 8.
ifeweye2-3Q. 1651. col. pl. and fig. 9. Barry, 1851:284. 10. Horticulturtst,
meotwios2) 11. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852: 12. Mag. Hort., 19:68. 1853.
13. Elliott, 1854:137. 14. Mag. Hort., 20:241. 1854. 15. Downing, 1857 :82.
16. Gregg, 1857:44. fig. 17. Hooper, 1857:43. 18. Horticulturist, 13:481.
Las TQwe\atder, 1607-410: wg. 20. Leroy, 1873:375. hg. 21. Bailey,
Pie AOfie to92-240, 22. Wateh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:206. Toot.
smnomwmns) Youwse (3, 5, 8, 10, 13, 20). Dows (1, 3, 8 13, 20). Dowse
a OnOwtO. 10, 2022). TIAWLEY (1; 2; 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 0, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
lo Zano 10, 20; 21, 22). Howley (20).
Hawley is a very large apple of the Fall Pippin type in color,
size and form. When the color is fully developed it is a handsome
yellow. Season September and October. It is of delicious dessert
quality and desirable for the home orchard but not well adapted
for market because the tree is not very productive and the fruit
often is scabby and sometimes it water-cores and rots at the core.
The tree is a moderate grower in the nursery but in the orchard
it is rather vigorous, medium in size to large, hardy and rather long-
lived. It does not come into bearing very young. When mature
it bears quite regularly but is usually a light or moderate cropper.
Historical. Originated on the farm of Mr. Mathew Hawley, New Canaan,
N. Y., about 1750, from seeds which Mr. Hawley obtained from Milford,
Conn Gi, 3)) Uhe original tree lived nearly a century. The variety
gradually became disseminated throughout New York state. It has long
been known in cultivation in different parts of the state, particularly in
Columbia, Onondaga, Cayuga, Tompkins, Seneca and Monroe counties. It
is now rarely listed by nurserymen and is seldom planted.
Fruit.
Fruit large or very large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form nearly
globular to somewhat oblate or slightly conic, sometimes inclined-to elliptical,
more or less distinctly ribbed. Stem medium in length, rather slender.
Cavity acute to nearly obtuse, deep, wide and with outspreading russet rays.
Calyx below medium to rather large, partly closed; lobes often separated at
base, reflexed, wide, acute. Basin moderateiy deep to deep, medium to wide,
very abrupt, often decidedly furrowed.
Skin fair, smocth, waxy, rather thin, pale green deepening to yellow as it
matures, sometimes showing a faint brownish blush, with scattering russet
dots and flecks especially toward the cavity.
Calyx tube large, wide, cone-shape, yellow or brownish.
Core below medium to above; cells closed; core lines meeting. Carpels
rather flat, tufted, roundish, emarginate. Sceds few, obtuse. When well
developed they are medium in size, but often some are abortive.
96 THE Apples OF NEw YCRK.
Flesh tinged with yellow, soft, very tender, rather fine-grained, juicy, rich,
mild subacid, very good especially for dessert.
Season September to November or later.
HAW THORNDEN.
REFERENCES. 1. Hooker, Pom. Lond., 1813:T. 44 (cited by 2). 2. Forsyth,
1824:106. 3. Pom. Mag., 1828:No. 34. col. pl. 4. London Hort. Soc. Cat.,
1831:No. 530. 5. Mag. Hort., 1:326. 1835. 6. Manning, 1838:48. 7. I0.;
Mag. Hort., 7:45. 1841. 8. Downing, 1845:86. 9. Cole, 1849:113 ‘to.
Hovey, Mag. Hort., 17:18. 1851. fig. 11. Barry, 1851%:284. 12. Emmons,
Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:40. 1851. 13. Mag. Hort, 19:174. 16535245 elo,
1854:171. 15. Gregg, 1857:43. 16. Hooper, 1857:43. 17. Am. Pom. Soc.
Cat., 1862. 18. Warder, 1867:410. fig. 19. Leroy 2873-370 ee:
Thomas, 1875:501. 21. Montreal Hori. Soc. Rpt., 1:10. 1876. 22. ID.,
5:24. 1879. 23. Hogg, 1884:105. 24. Kural N. Vo Ag¢23 sees
25. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 26. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :241.
27. Gaucher, 1894:No. 13. col. pl.. 28. Dempsey, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt.
1:24. 1894. fig. 29. Bunvard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898 :354.
SynonyMs. Hawley (27) but erroneously. HAWTHORNDEAN (2, 6, 7).
Hawthorndean (23). HAWTHORNDEN (1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29). Lincolnshire Pippin (27).
Lord Kingston (27). Maiden’s Blush erroneously (10). Old Hawthorn-
dean (23, 27). Pomme de Hawthornden (27). Red Hawthornden (10).
Shoreditch White (27). Weisser Hawthornden (27). Wheelers Kernel
(27). White Apple (27). White Hawthorndean (23, 27). Wiite Haw-
thornden (3, 4, 8, 10, 12, 14).
J
A Scotch variety which has done fairly well in various parts of this
country from New England to California. Warder (18) says of it: “This
famous Scotch fruit appears to do very well in this country, but it must yield
the palm to its American cousin and representative, the Maiden’s Blush,
which possesses all its good qualities as a market and kitchen fruit, with
attractive appearance.”
The tree is said to be a vigorous grower and a biennial cropper, and the
fruit is above medium to large, regular, fair, white sometimes nearly over-
spread with faint blush that deepens to bright red in the sun. Flesh mild
subacid, not of high flavor, pleasant, good. Season September and October.
We are not acquainted with this variety. It appears to be but little known
among New York fruit growers. It is still occasionally listed by nursery-
men (26).
HIBERNAL,
REFERENCES. 1. Budd, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880:525. 2. Gibb, Montreal
Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881:156. 3. Tuttle, /b., 8:136.. 1881-82. 4- Jb, 2883-08:
5. Gibb, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:440. 6. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885 :15.
7. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87 :15. 8. Schroeder, /0., 1886-87 :71.
9. Craig, [b., 1886-87:103. 10. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1890:20. 11. Can.
Hort., 13:216. 18090. 12. Budd, fa. Sia. Bul., 19:537. 1602) sgueeadere
An. Hort., 1892:241. 14. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpi., 1892:57, 58. 15-
Tue Apptes oF NEw York. 97
Freeborn, Nat. Nurseryman, 1894:132. 16. Can. Hort., 17:7. 1804. 17.
Gard. and For., 8:340. 1895. 18. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1896:74. 19. Waugh,
Mi Sia Bul. 65-320. 1807. 20. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:13. 21. Troop, Ind.
Mim om iept. 12:80. 18990. 22. Waugh, Vt. Ste. An. Rpt, 14:206. 1001.
23. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Bul., 37:39. 1901. 24. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul.,
76:57. 1002. fig. 25. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 1902:83, 87. 26. Budd-
Hansen, 1903:98. fig.
SunoOncness IPERNAL (FE 2.3.4 5.6, 7, 0; 10, II, 12-13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
Mees 2A 2526). Habernal.(8). No. 378 (1, 2; 4, 5, ©, 10, 12, 15,
18, 25, 26). Orsimu (4, 5, 6). OstmoE (8). Romna (23).
A Russian variety which is proving valuable in portions of the Upper Mis-
sissippi valley and the Northwest because of its ability to withstand the rigor-
ous climatic conditions of those regions. Hansen says of it: “This variety
represents what is probably the hardiest type of the Russian race of apples; there
are several sorts closely resembling, or identical with, Hibernal. Tree vigor-
ous, very spreading, productive. The strong spreading growth makes it
especially desirable as a stock for top-grafting, probably the best we have
at the present time. Fruit large, irregular, oblate to roundish oblate coni-
cal; skin thick; surface greenish-yellow, with a dull bronze mixed red on
sunny side, with a few dull crimson splashes; dots white, minute, obscure,
often some large russet dots; cavity regular, medium deep, with a large patch
of russet radiating out irregularly over nearly the entire base, this is a
marked characteristic; stem medium, often short; basin narrow, rather
shallow, wrinkled; calyx half open or open. Core closed, meeting; tube
funnel-shaped; stamens median; seeds few; flesh acid, with some astrin-
gency, juicy, good for cooking. Early winter” (24, 26).
Macoun reports “Flesh yellowish, crisp, tender, juicy, acid; core small;
quality above medium; season September to November. Tree very hardy, a
strong, spreading grower, and very productive. Although not a good dessert
fruit this is a fine cooking apple and on account of its great hardiness and
productiveness is one of the best of the Russian apples” (23).
HICKS.
REFERENCES. 1. Hicks, Horticulturist, 21:333. 1866. fig. 2. Downing,
meer 3. Burrill and MecCluer, Jl. Sta. Bul., 45:308, 316, 324. 1806.
4. Thomas, 1897 :639.
S¥NONYMS. Buckram (2, 3). HicKs (1, 2, 3, 4).
A sweet apple of medium size, yellowish striped and splashed with crim-
son; season middle of August. It is but little known except in certain locali-
ties on Long Island. Not recommended for general planting in this state.
Historical. Hicks originated as a chance seedling and was brought to
notice by Isaac Hicks, North Hempstead, L. I. (1, 2).
HIGHTOP SWEET,
REFERENCES. 1. Thacher, 1822:128. 2. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:390. 1848.
3. Cole, 1849:97. 4. Phoenix, Horticulturist, 4:472. 1850. 5. Emmons,
Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:16. 1851. fig. 6. Elliott, 1854:139. 7. Am. Pom. Soc.
98 THE Apples oF NEw York.
Cat., 1856. 8. Mag. Hort., 22:181. 1856. 9. Downimne)) 2857-5 53e ete.
Gregg, 1857:40. 11. Warder, 1867:553. 12. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1869-33.
13. Fitz, 1872:145. 14. Thomas, 1875:180.. 15. Downing, 185E-1uemmdex.
app. 16. Barry, 1883 :333. 17. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890-202. 18.
Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:250. 19. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:132. 20. Hos-
kins, Rural N. Y., 1894:248. 21. Budd-Hansen, 1903:99. fig.
Synonyms. Early Sweet (15). HicH Top Sweet (19). High Top Sweet
(13). HicHtor Sweet (21). HicH Tor Sweetine (1, 5, 6, 8, 12, 15). High
Top Sweeting? (2, 3). SUMMER SWEET (3). Summer Sweet (5, 6, 9, 14).
SUMMER SWEETING (2). SWEET JUNE (4, 10, 13, 18). Sweet June (6, 9, I1,
Yl, “1@)s. 10), AIO), irs)
Fruit of medium size; flesh yellowish, very sweet, rich and of very good
quality; season July and August. Tree upright, vigorous, very productive.
Historical. In 1822 Thacher (1) remarked: “ This tree, it is believed, is
peculiar to the old Plymouth colony. The first settlers, either from choice,
or for want of other varieties, cultivated it more generally than any other
apple. It is now much on the decline. The fruit is under the middle size;
of a yellowish colour, pleasant taste; but chiefly used for baking, and for
drying. It is ripe in August, and is not long preserved. The tree is remark-
able for its long upright stem.”
It appears that this variety was introduced into Ohio from Connecticut and
Massachusetts and afterward disseminated westward under the name of
Sweet June. In 1892 Bailey (18) found that although various nurserymen
were offering Sweet June for sale none of them mentioned Hightop Sweet.
Some have held that the Sweet June of the West is not identical with the
Hightop Sweet of Massachusetts (12). We have not had the opportunity of
determining whether this is true, but if they are identical it appears strange
that the name Hightop Sweet should be entirely dropped by those who are
propagating it in the West. This variety is but little known in New York.
HILAIRE.
REFERENCES. I. Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:453. 2. Montreal Hort. Soc.
Rpt., 1886-87:95. 3. Bailey, Mich. Sta. Bul., 31:54. 1887. 4. Downing,
1881 :102 app. fg. 5. Waugh, Vi. Sia, Bul> 83-87-1900!
Synonyms. Cabane du Chien (3, 5, 6). Fameuse Baldwin, of some (5).
Sit) leboonman (Gy 2, 3 25 &, ©).
An apple which resembles Fameuse in the color of its skin and in the
color and texture of its flesh, but the flesh has more of a sprightly acid
flavor and the fruit keeps better than that of Fameuse. Waugh reports (5)
that it is not now grown in the vicinity of its origin. Professor U. P. Hed-
rick of the Michigan Agricultural College, who supplied the fruit for the
following description, states that as grown in Michigan the variety is hardy,
productive and gives promise of being a valuable acquisition.
Historical. This is said to have originated in the orchard of Alexis Dery,
Quebec (4). Probably a seedling of Fameuse (2). So far as we know
it is not grown in New York.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 99
TREE.
Tree large, vigorous; a heavy alternate bearer (2). Twigs short, curved,
slender; internodes short. Bark dark brown, with light coat of streaked
scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, oblong, raised.
Buds small, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent.
FRuIt.
Fruit medium to above, uniform in size. Form oblate to roundish-oblate,
rather irregular. Stem medium, moderately slender. Cavity acuminate or
acute, moderately deep and broad, not russeted, symmetrical. Calyx medium,
usually closed; lobes broad, obtuse. Basin medium in depth to shallow, mod-
erately wide to rather narrow, rather abrupt, slightly wrinkled, symmetrical.
Skin thin, tender, smooth, pale yellow or whitish almost completely over-
spread with attractive red of the Fameuse hue becoming as highly colored as
the Fameuse or McIntosh and covered with faint bloom; stripes obscure if
any. Dots very numerous, small, red, sometimes gray or russet. Prevatling
effect brilliant deep pinkish-red deepening to purplish-red.
Calyx tube long, rather narrow, funnel-shape. Stamens median to basal.
Core nearly axile, small to medium; cells closed or partly open; core
lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels round, slightly emarginate.
Seeds dark, numerous, medium to large, wide, obtuse to acute.
Flesh whitish sometimes tinged with red, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly
subacid, good to very good.
Season November to January. A better keeper than Fameuse.
HILTON.
REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1857:151. 2. Warder, 1867:721. 3. Thomas,
1875 :502. ;
SynonyMs. None.
This variety originated in Columbia county, N. Y. According to Down-
ing (1) the tree is vigorous and productive: the fruit large, yellowish-green,
subacid, excellent for culinary purposes. Season September and October.
So far as we can discover this variety is not now known in cultivation.
HOADLEY,
REFERENCES. I. Goff, Wis. Sta. An. Rpt., 11:347. 1894. 2 Ib., Am. Pom.
Soc. Rpt., 1899 :236.
SyNonyYMS. None.
A variety of the Oldenburg type which much resembles Olden-
burg except that its season is about a month later. It is decidedly
attractive in general appearance and of good quality for culinary
purposes. The tree is a moderate grower, comes into bearing
early and so far as tested here is very productive. It appears to
be worthy of testing where an apple of this type is desired.
100 Tur Apples or NEW York:
Historical. Received from the Wisconsin Experiment Station in 1896 for
testing at this Station.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading when young. Twigs
short, straight, stout; internodes medium. Bark brown and reddish-brown,
lightly streaked with scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering,
medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium to large, broad, plump, obtuse,
free, pubescent.
Fruit.
Fruit above medium to large, sometimes very large. Form roundish oblate
inclined to conic, a little angular; sides unequal. Stem short, thick to slen-
der. Cavity acute to obtuse, deep, broad, pretty symmetrical, thinly and
irregularly russeted. Calyx rather jarge, closed or partly open; lobes long,
broad, acute to obtuse. Basin deep to medium in depth, rather narrow to
moderately wide, abrupt, slightly furrowed.
Skin moderately thick, tough, attractive yellow or greenish-yellow iargely
overspread with rather light bright red, mottled and irregularly striped and
splashed with carmine. Dots inconspicuous, small, submerged, pale.
Calyx tube variable, short, rather wide, funnel-shape, sometimes broadly
conical with core lines meeting. Stamens median to nearly marginal.
Core medium size, abaxile; cells open; core lines meeting or slightly clasp-
ing. Carpels broadly cordate or elliptical, slightly tufted. Seeds medium or
below, wide, moderately long, usually plump, rather obtuse, dark colored.
Flesh tinged with yellow, pretty firm, a little coarse, crisp, tender, very
juicy, brisk subacid, good.
Season late September to November.
. HOG ISLAND SWEEm
REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1857:152. .2. Warder, 1867:721. 3. Downing,
1872 :10 index, app. - 4. Thomas, 1875:502. 5. Lyon, Mich. Hort Soc: Icpt.,
1890 :202.
SynonyMs. Hoc ISLanp Sweet (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). Sweet Pippin (1). Van
Kleek’s Sweet. (3).
A beautiful and excellent sweet apple in season from September to early
winter. It is an old variety which had its origin on Hog Island, near Long
Island, N. Y. (1). It is but little known. The tree is vigorous and pro-
ductive.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large, pretty uniform. Form roundish conical to oblate,
broad at the base, regular or obscurely ribbed. Stem short to medium, mod-
erately thick. Cavity acute, deep, rather broad, heavily russeted and with
outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to large, closed or partly open;
lobes short, broad, acute. Basin shallow to medium in depth, narrow to
moderately wide, abrupt, broadly furrowed.
Skin thick, rather tough, somewhat roughened with flecks and patches of
russet, pale yellow or greenish washed and mottled with red overlaid with
HOADLEY
THE APPLES OF NEW YoRK. IOI
broad and narrow stripes and splashes of carmine. Dots numerous, small,
russet. Prevailing effect bright striped red over a yellow background.
Calyx tube long, wide, conical to funnel-shape. Stamens basal to median.
Core small to medium, abaxile to nearly axile; cells somewhat unsym-
metrical, open; core lines slightly clasping the funnel cylinder or meeting.
Carpels roundish obovate to elliptical, emarginate. Seeds medium or below,
sometimes tufted, rather wide, rather short, plump, acute to somewhat
obtuse.
Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, very sweet,
somewhat aromatic, good to very good.
Season September to early winter.
HOLLAND PIPPIN,
REFERENCES. I. Coxe, 1817:109. fig. 2. Downing, 1845:86. 3. Jb., Hor-
ticulturist, 3:345. 1848. 4. Thomas, 1849:156. fig. 5. Cole, 1849:I1I0.
6. Downing, Chas., Horticulturist, 8:196. 1853. 7. Elliott, 1854:138. 8.
Hovey, Mag. Hort., 22:555. 1856. fig. 9. Hooper, 1857:45. 10. Gregg,
1857 :37- 11. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 12. Warder, 1867:506. 13. Wick-
son, 1889:244. 14. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 15. Bailey, An.
Hort., 1892:241. 16. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:124. 1904.
SyNoNYMS. FALL PIPPIN (1). French Pippin (7). HoLitanp PIPPIN (1,
Bae 6. 7, 8, O, 10, II, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16). Pie Apple (2, 7,8). Reinette
@Hollande (2). Reinette dHolland (7). Summer Pippin (2, 7, 8).
There are two varieties in cultivation in New York under the
name Holland Pippin. One is a winter apple in season from late
autumn to April or May which has already been described under
the name Holland Winter, Vol. I., page 159. The other begins to
ripen earlier than Fall Pippin and is in season during September
and October. This variety was formerly confused by some with
the Fall Pippin. The following comparison of the two varieties
was given by Downing in 1848 (3).
“The Holland Pippin, though considerably resembling this apple
in the growth of the tree, and size and shape of the fruit, is a
totally distinct apple from the Fall Pippin. In fact, while the Fall
Pippin is one of the best autumn table apples (at least in this dis-
trict), the Holland Pippin is of very inferior quality for dessert,
and is, in fact. only a cooking apple. Asa kitchen fruit, however,
it is one of the most valuable summer fruits we know — for it bears
regularly and well, comes into use at the beginning of August, and
continues fit for pies, tarts, and sauce, until October, when the Fall
Pippin begins to ripen. The Holland Pippin is fit for use while
102 THE ArPeLes or NEw YorkK
the skin is quite green, but the Fall Pippin, not until it turns quite
yellow. Finally, the stalk of the Holland Pippin is short, and set
i] a wide cavity, while that of the Fall Pippin is large, and set in a
cavity often narrow, and comparatively shallow. With these points
of difference, these two apples ought not to be confounded.”
Holland Pippin is grown to a limited extent for market. It
appears to be more valued for this purpose in certain portions of
the Hudson valley than in other sections of the state. The fruit
is large and when kept free from scab its general appearance is
good for a green apple. ‘The crop ripens unevenly. Some of the
apples ripen early and are correspondingly short-lived while others
ripen later and keep correspondingly later. It varies greatly in
keeping qualities in different seasons, some years keeping well till
late fall or early winter (16). The tree is a good grower, hardy
or nearly so, healthy, pretty long-lived and generally quite pro-
ductive yielding moderate to heavy crops biennially or sometimes
annually.
Historical. Origin unknown. It is an old variety which has long been in
cultivation in this and adjoining states. It is still listed by nurserymen but
it is not being planted to any considerable extent.
TREE.
Tree large or moderately large, vigorous. Form spreading or roundish.
Twigs medium to long, curved, stout; internodes medium. Bark dark
brown, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering,
small to medium, oval, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free,
pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit usually large or very large, sometimes medium, pretty uniform in
size and shape. Form roundish often decidedly flattened at the end varying
to oblate conic, obscurely ribbed. Stem medium to short, usually rather
slender. Cavity acute or sometimes acuminate, medium in width to broad,
moderately shallow to deep, usually covered with thick outspreading russet.
Calyx pubescent, medium to small, closed or partly open; lobes rather long,
acute. Basin usually rather shallow but varying to moderately deep, medium
in width to rather narrow, abrupt to somewhat obtuse, ridged and wrinkled.
Skin thin, tough, nearly smooth, rather pale yellow or greenish with more
or less of a brownish-red blush which is conspicuously marked with large,
irregular, areolar dots. Dots numerous, large and small, often submerged
and greenish.
HOOK
Be ee
\
SS eco
seen?
THE APPLES OF NEW YoRK. 103
Calyx tube wide, broadly conical to truncate funnel-form. Stamens below
median to basal.
Core medium to large, abaxile;-cells unsymmetrical, open; core lines meet-
ing or somewhat clasping. Carpels broad, narrowing toward base and apex,
slightly emarginate, a little tufted. Seeds medium size, rather narrow, acute
to somewhat acuminate.
Flesh nearly white, medium to slightly coarse-grained, moderately crisp,
rather tender, very juicy, brisk subacid, good for culinary uses.
Season September and October.
HOOK.
REFERENCE. I. (?) Mich. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1880 :183.
Synonyms. None.
Fruit of good medium size, rather attractive pale yellow with
tender flesh of mild subacid flavor. It is in season during October
and November. It is especially esteemed for dessert use.
Historical. This variety was received from Schoharie county, N. Y.,
where it is well known and has the reputation of being one of the most
desirable dessert apples of its season. We have not yet been able to deter-
mine its origin, nor the extent of its distribution.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium size, pretty uniform in shape and size. Form roundish ovate
or inclined to oblong conic, sometimes roundish truncate. Stem short, rather
slender. Cavity acuminate, moderately shallow to deep, broad, often lipped,
smooth or with some outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium size, usually
somewhat open; lobes rather narrow to wide, acute to acuminate. Basin
medium in width and depth, obscurely furrowed and wrinkled. .
Skin smooth, clear yellow or greenish-yellow. Dots inconspicuous, minute,
usually submerged.
Calyx tube large, conical or approaching funnel-form. Stamens median or
below.
Core rather small, axile; cells symmetrical, closed or a little open; core
lines meeting or somewhat clasping. Carpels smooth, flat, obcordate to
elliptical, emarginate. Seeds medium brown, rather large, wide, flat, obtuse.
Flesh whitish with slight tinge of yellow, very tender, fine-grained, juicy,
mild subacid, somewhat aromatic, very good.
Season October and November.
HOWARD BEST.
REFERENCES. 1. Bailey, Mich. Sta. Bul., 31:52. 1887. 2. N. Y. Sta. An.
ip, TE=223. 1802.
Synonyms. Howarp’s Best (2). Howarn’s Best RussIAN (1).
104 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
This is an attractive apple which bears a decided resemblance to Alexander
in form, color and quality. The tree is a moderate grower, comes into bear-
ing rather young and yields moderate to good crops almost annually. We
have not yet determined whether or not it is superior to Alexander.
Historical. Received in 1892 for testing at this Station from C. G. Patten,
Charles City; Ja. (2). -
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with short, moderately stout, crooked branches.
Form rather flat and spreading, inclined to droop. Twigs short, straight,
slender with large terminal buds; internodes short to medium. Bark dull
brown tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent.
Lenticels scattering, small, oblong, not raised. Buds small, plump, obtuse,
free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium, usually large to very large. Form oblate conic, rather
flat at the base, somewhat ribbed, symmetrical. Stem medium to long, thick.
Cavity acute, deep, medium in width to wide, symmetrical, sometimes com-
pressed, heavily russeted. Calyx large, open; lobes separated at base, short,
narrow, acute. Basin moderately shallow to rather deep, rather narrow,
abrupt, distinctly furrowed to nearly smooth.
Skin rather tough, smooth, waxy, light yellowish-green, mottled, striped
and splashed with bright, dark red over a large part of' the suriace. Dots
indistinct, medium size, gray, scattering.
Calyx tube short, wide, conical or approaching funnel-form. Stamens basal
to median.
Core medium size, nearly axile; cells closed or slightly open; core Hines
clasping or nearly meeting. Carpels very broadly ovate or inclined to ellipti-
cal, slightly emarginate, tufted. Seeds medium to small, wide, short, rather
flat, obtuse.
Flesh slightly tinged with yellow, firm, rather coarse, tender, very juicy,
sprightly subacid, fair to good.
Season September and October.
HUNTER PIPPIN.
REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1876:54 app.
Synonyms. None.
A chance seedling which originated in Westport, N. Y. Downing de-
scribes the tree as moderately vigorous and a good annual bearer; fruit
medium size, whitish-vellow; flesh brisk subacid: season August (1).
So far as we can learn this variety is not being propagated.
HURLBUT.
REFERENCES. 1. Cole, 1849:118. fig. 2. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:31.
1851. col. pl. and fig. 3. Downing, 1857:155. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cai., 1862.
5. Warder, 1867:722. 6. Thomas, 1875:201. 7. Barry, 1883:347- 8. Lyon,
Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 9g. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:241. 10. Mun-
THE Apples CF NEw York. 105
Baie. Sia: Rpt, 1893 :133. 11. Dempsey, Ont. Fr. Stas..An. Rpt., 1:24.
1894. 12. Burrill and McCluer, JIll. Sta. Bul., 45:326. 1806. 13. Munson,
Me. Sia. An. Rpi., 18:80. 1902. 14. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul.,
48:45. 1003. 15. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:126. -1904.
punanvnrs: lURLBURT (2). ElURLBUT (1, 3) 4,6; 7, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 13, 14,
15). Hurlbut Stripe (3). Huriputt (5).
The general appearance of Hurlbut is good yet it is not particu-
larly attractive either in size or color nor does it take first rank for
either home use or market. The tree is a strong grower, comes
into bearing moderately young and yields heavy crops biennially.
Because of the tendency of the tree to overproduction in bearing
years the size of the fruit is in many cases reduced and a con-
siderable portion of it is too small to be marketable. Hurlbut has
proved to be a profitable variety with some fruit growers but
although it has long been known in cultivation and has been quite
widely disseminated it has nowhere gained prominence as a com-
mercial variety.
Historical. In 1849 Cole (1) wrote: “ The original tree is still flourishing
on the farm of General Leonard Hurlbut, Winchester, Conn.” It is still quite
frequently listed by nurserymen (Q) but is not being planted to any consider-
able extent.
TREE.
Tree rather large, vigorous or moderately vigorous. Form spreading or
roundish and somewhat inclined to droop. Twigs moderately long, slightly
curved, moderately stout to rather slender; internodes below medium to
short. Bark dark brown to clear brownish-red, heavily mottled with scarf-
skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, round, slightly raised.
Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit below medium to above, fairly uniform in size and shape. Forn
roundish, slightly oblate or inclined to oblate conic, somewhat angular, rather
symmetrical. Stem medium to short, rather slender. Cavity acute, shallow
to medium in depth, medium in width, symmetrical or compressed, usually
covered with heavy outspreading russet. Calyx medium or below, usually
closed; lobes medium to long, narrow, acute. Basin shallow to medium in
depth, narrow to nearly medium in width, somewhat abrupt, smooth or
slightly wrinkled.
Skin thick, tough, smooth, greenish-yellow largely overspread with brown-
ish-red or dull red, splashed and striped with carmine. Dots scattering, in-
conspicuous, usually submerged, sometimes russet.
Calyx tube very short, wide, truncate conical with fleshy pistil point pro-
jecting into the base. Stamens marginal.
Core medium size, abaxile; cells wide open to nearly closed; core lines
106 THE Apples oF NEw York.
meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels nearly round. Seeds numerous, rather
large, moderately wide, long, rather plump, acute.
Flesh white or yellowish, moderately firm, rather fine, tender, crisp, very
juicy, aromatic, mildly subacid, good to very good.
Season variable; October to December or January (15).
ISHAM.
REFERENCES. 1. Bailey, An. Hort.; 1892:242. 2. Hoskins» ual)
53:310. 1804. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:17. 4. Hansen, Sp 2 oes sou)
76:60. 1902. fig. 5. Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:53. 1902. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903:
105.
Synonyms. IsHAmM SWEET (I, 2, 3, 4,5). ISHAM Sweet (6).
A red sweet apple of medium size, in season in late fall and early winter.
It has been grown to some extent in some of the Western states but it has
not been much tested in New York and it is doubtful whether it is desirable
for planting in any portion of this state.
Historical. Isham originated from seed of Bailey Sweet. It was intro-
duced about 1864 by F. K. Phoenix, Delavan, Wis. (2).
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading. Twigs medium to
long, rather stout, in some cases quite blunt at the tips, straight or nearly
so; internodes rather long. Bark reddish-brown overlaid with heavy grayish
scarf-skin, not pubescent or very sparingly so. Lenticels rather inconspicu-
ous, rather scattering, irregular in size and shape, not raised. Buds large,
prominent, fleshy, heavily pubescent, adhering to bark.
Fruit (4, 6).
Fruit medium. Form roundish, slightly tapering. Stem short. Cavity
regular, acute, with much radiating russet. Calyx open; segments flat, con-
vergent. Basin very shallow, minutely wrinkled.
Skin yellowish-green mostly covered with brownish-red, solid and mixed
on sunny side, striped and broadly splashed on the shady side. Dots distinct,
russet, numerous, minute; a few large russet dots.
Calyx tube funnel-shape. Stamens median.
Core closed; cells round, entire. Seeds long, large, flat.
Flesh very yellow with yellow veinings, firm, very sweet, very good.
ene
REFERENCES. I. (?) Hooper, 1857:46. 2. .(?) Downing, 1869:206. 3.
C2) TUS Sia Buls a5 3345 =o1Soo:
Synonyms. (Early Jack 1)? (Jack APPLE 1)? (OSKALOOSA 2, 3)?
Fruit of good medium size, yellow; flesh very tender, rich, mild subacid.
It is highly esteemed for its excellent dessert quality but it is too tender
to stand shipping very well and on account of its irregular shape and yellow
THE AppLes OF NEW YorK. 107
color it is not sufficiently attractive for market purposes. The tree is not
a vigorous grower and has rather slender twigs.
Possibly this is identical with Oskaloosa which has Jack as a synonym,
(2, 3) but we have been unable to obtain fruit of Oskaloosa and the avail-
able descriptions of that variety are so meager that it is impossible to deter-
mine whether or not it is identical with the variety described above.
Historical. Jack is grown to a very limited extent in East Bloomfield,
Ontario county, N. Y. We have not obtained it from any other locality. We
have been unable to learn where it originated, or whether it is the Jack
mentioned by Hooper (1).
TREE.
Tree not very vigorous with moderately long, slender, crooked branches.
Form at first upright spreading but becoming roundish and rather dense.
Twigs long, straight, slender; internodes short. Bark brown or reddish-
brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Len-
ticels quite numerous, rather conspicuous, medium size, oblong, slightly
raised. Buds small, plump, obtuse, appressed, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT,
Fruit medium or above, sometimes rather large, not uniform in shape or
size. Form oblate varying to roundish oblate or to oblate conic, very irregu-
lar, obscurely ribbed, often with the sides somewhat furrowed and unequal.
Stem short to medium, slender. Cavity acuminate, usually deep, medium in
width, russeted, with concentric russet lines often extending beyond the
cavity, sometimes lipped. Calyx medium size, usually open. Basin smail to
medium, rather shallow to moderately deep, narrow to medium in width, un-
symmetrical, irregularly furrowed or nearly smooth.
Skim rather thin, waxy, glossy, attractive yellow with shades of green,
sometimes faintly tinged with red and marbled with whitish scarf-skin over
the base somewhat after the manner of Yellow Newtown. Dots mostly small
and depressed mingled with a few that are larger, scattering and irregular
with russet center.
Calyx tube medium in width and length, conical to somewhat funnel-form.
Stamens median or below.
Core medium in size, somewhat abaxile; cells usually symmetrical, some-
what open; core lines clasping. Carpels elliptical, deeply emarginate. Seeds
medium or below, wide, short, rather flat, obtuse, mingled with light and
dark brown.
Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately firm, moderately crisp or breaking,
very tender, moderately juicy, very mild subaeid, very good for dessert.
Season October and November.
JARVIS.
REFERENCE. 1. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 11:223. 1802.
Synonyms. Crandall Seedling (1). Jarvis (1). No. 25 (1).
Fruit large and when well colored partly overspread and striped with
ted; flesh tender, juicy, subacid, pleasant but not superior in flavor or
108 THe Apples oF NEw York.
quality; season late September to early winter. It is possibly desirable for
local market but it is not recommended for general cultivation.
Historical. The original tree is standing near Ithaca, N. Y., on land once
owned by a Mr. Jarvis from whom the variety takes its name. . It is grown
to a limited extent in the vicinity of Ithaca but so far as we know is not
cultivated in any other portion of the state. Received for testing at this
Station in 1892 from C. B. Crandall.
JEFFERIS.
REFERENCES. I. Thomas, 1849:149. 2. Mag. Hort., 18:491. 1852. 3. Am.
Pom. Soc: Cat. 1854. 4. Elliott, 1854-130. “5. Wag. lon ees oS
6. Gregg, 1857:44. 7. Downing, 1857:83. fig. 8. Hooper, 1857:47. 9. Mag.
Hort., 24:109. 1858. 10. Hoffy, N. A. Pom., 1860. col. pl. 11. Horticul-
turist, 17104, 1507. 1862, 12.) Warder, 1867 440) sigs aeons aor
14. Van Deman, U.S; Pom. Rpt.,-1888:570. 15. Lyon Vago giao
Rpt., 1890:292. 16. Bailey, An. Hort, 1892-242. 917, burrdllieanicee ee den.
Ill, Sta. Bul., 452300, 323. 1806. 18: Powell, Del ‘Sia, bul esricmteoe:
1g. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1901:96. 20. Beach, Western N. Y. Hort.
Soc. Rpt, 1901 :76, 21. Budd-Hansen, 1903-105. 22; Bruner een Gus ameano
182::21: 1003. ~23. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul), 205 :45)21003)) 2Ane eo ellmania
Fulton, U.S. Bl P. I. Bul. 48:45. 1003.” 25. Beach andy CGlankea ee ease:
Bal 248-126) 2 1OOA:
SynonyMs. FEverbearing (20). Grantham (17). JEFFERIES (10, I2, 14, I7,
20): JEFFERIS (3, 4, 7; 13, 15, 16, 18, 10) 21, 22) 22, 240025))) ee Hun mn Glen:
Sy Oh ey Ch ld) e
Fruit of medium size, yellow, blushed and splashed with red;
flesh tender, mild subacid, delicious. It begins to ripen in Septem-
ber and continues in season till early winter. Commercial limit
October (25). It is an excellent variety for the home orchard but
not for commercial planting because it ripens unevenly, is apt to be
deficient in size and is not especially attractive in color. The tree
is a moderately vigorous grower, hardy, healthy, comes into bearing
moderately early and is a reliable cropper yielding full crops bien-
nially.
Historical. Originated with Isaac Jefferies, Newlin township, Chester
county, Pa. It was named after the originator by the Committee of the Penti-
sylvania Horticultural Society which awarded this variety the premium for the
best seedling apple exhibited in 1848 (10).
TREE.
Tree medium size, moderately vigorous. Form upright to roundish, open.
Twigs short, straight, slender; internodes long. Bark brown mingled with
olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels
JEFFERIS
ii
i
.
Sine
THE APPLES OF NEW YoRrK. 109
scattering, small, oblong, not raised. Buds small, plump, obtuse, free,
pubescent.
FORTH
Fruit small to medium, very uniform in size and shape. Form roundish
oblate often inclined to conic, regular or obscurely ribbed. Stem medium
length, thick to moderately slender. Cavity acute to acuminate, medium in
depth to deep, medium to broad, symmetrical, russeted but slightly if at all.
Calyx small to medium, closed or partly open; lobes short, rather broad,
acute. Basin moderately shallow to rather deep, moderately wide. somewhat
abrupt, smooth or nearly so, symmetrical.
Skin thin, tough, greenish-yellow or pale yellow more or less blushed and
mottled with moderately dull red overlaid with narrow splashes and stripes
of carmine. Dots small, scattering, inconspicuous, submerged or russet.
Calyx tube narrow, conicai to funnel-shape. Stamens marginal to median.
Core small, axile, or nearly so; cells slightly open; core lines somewhat
clasping or meeting. Carpfels elliptical to somewhat obovate, emarginate,
sometimes tufted. Seeds numerous, medium to rather large, wide, long, flat,
very irregular, obtuse.
Flesh yellowish-white, firm, fine, crisp, tender, very juicy, mild subacid,
very good.
Season September to January.
JEFFERSON COUNTY.
REFERENCES. I. Horticulturist, 10:254. 1855. fig. 2. Downing, 1857 :156.
Aa Vanderteo7 723, -4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 5. Thomas, 1875 :201.
6. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890 :292.
Synonyms. None.
This variety originated in Jefferson county, N. Y., hence its name (2).
The tree is of medium size, moderately vigorous; form somewhat drooping;
twigs rather slender. It comes into bearing young and is a reliable bearer
producing some fruit nearly every year, alternating heavy with lighter crops.
The fruit is yellow shaded and splashed with red, not very bright in color,
in season during October and November. It is particularly suitable for
dessert, the flesh being tender, rather firm, crisp, of good flavor and excellent
quality but it is not regarded as a good market variety for there is apt to be
a rather large amount of small, imperfect or otherwise unmarketable fruit
and when the fruit does not color properly, as happens in many cases, it is of
poor flavor. It was listed by the American Pomological Society in 1873.
It has been sparingly disseminated in various parts of the country but is as
yet little known. So far as we can learn it is not being planted in New
York.
JENNET TING or JUNEATING.
This name has been applied by some to White Juneating. For
a description of this variety together with Hogg’s account of the
derivation of the name the reader is referred to White Juneating,
page 240.
IIO THE APPLES OF NEW York.
JERSEY SWEET.
REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1845:87. 2. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1846 :190.
3- Cole, 1849:110. 4. Thomas, 1849:145. fig. 5. Barry, 1851:284. 6. Em-
mons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:25. 1851. 7. Waring, 1851-26; 82 Eilietee1854-
86. fig. 9. Hooper, 1857:48. 10. [b., 1857:107, 11t) ai2) Ae or
Cat., 1862. 12. Horticulturist, 17:104, 150. 1862) 135) Wandersseq 395.
14. Fitz, 1872:153. 15. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpts 18992202) aeaaley:
An. Hort., 1892:242. 17. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 532278. 1604) (26. each.
Sta. Bul., 118:€0: 1805. ‘19. Ib.; 143:200. “1807., 20210-6205 = nos.
21. Budd-Hansen, 1903:105. 22. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:126.
1904.
SyNoNYMS. American (13). JERSEY SWEET (5, 7, I0, 12, 13, 16, 18, 21).
JERSEY SWEETING (I, 2, 3, 4, 6,8, 9, 14, 17).
An early autumn apple of medium size. It does not always
color well but under favorable conditions it 1s highly colored, rich
in flavor, tender and excellent in quality for either dessert or cul-
inary uses. It is one of the best of the sweet apples of its season
for planting for home use in New York but it has proved unsatis-
factory as a commercial sort because it ripens at a time when there
is little demand for fruit of this kind, is not a good keeper, is apt
to be scabby and does not always color well. The tree is hardy,
moderately long-lived, comes into bearing young and bears nearly
every year, yielding moderate to good or sometimes heavy crops.
The fruit comes in season late in August or early in September
and ripens in succession during a period of several weeks; often
some portion may be kept till éarly winter, but its commercial limit
in ordinary storage is September or early October (22).
Historical. Origin unknown. Elliott calls it an American variety (8).
It is pretty well known in different parts of New York state, but is now
rarely found except in old orchards. It 1s commonly listed by nurserymen
(16) but is now seldom or never planted except occasionally for home use.
TREE.
Tree rather large, moderately vigorous to vigorous; branches long, moder-
ately stout, filled with spurs. Form upright to roundish, open. Tzigs mod-
erately long, straight, slender; internodes long. Bark brown, lightly streaked
with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lenticels scattering, medium to small,
oblong, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, appressed, pubescent.
So
JERSEY SWEET
THe ApPpLes oF NEw York. Toe
FRvuIT.
Fruit medium size. Form roundish ovate inclined to conic or to oblate conic;
sides unequal. Stem long to medium length, rather slender. Cavity acute,
usually rather deep, varying to shallow, medium in width, occasionally
lipped, sometimes slightly russeted. Calyx small, closed; lobes medium to
long, narrow, acute to acuminate. Basin rather small, moderately shallow
to rather deep, narrow to medium in width, somewhat abrupt, ribbed and
wrinkled.
Skin thin, tender, at first greenish-yellow but becoming clear yellow washed
and mottled with brownish-red and overlaid with narrow stripes of bright
carmine. Dots inconspicuous, greenish, submerged.
Calyx tube narrow, conical to funnel-form, often with fleshy pistil point
projecting into the base. Stamens median.
Core medium size or above, axile or nearly so; cells symmetrical, usually
closed; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels elongated ovate,
tufted. Seeds medium to large, variable in length and width, acute to acu-
minate.
Flesh yellowish, moderately firm, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, sweet, good to
very good.
Season September to December.
JUDSON,
REFERENCES. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:17. 2. Ib., Rpi., 1901 :40.
3. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:62. 1902. fig. 4. Budd-Hansen, 1903:108. fig.
SYNONYMS. JUDSON (I, 2, 3, 4). Thompson's Seedling No. 29 (3, 4).
Fruit large, green or yellowish, more or less covered with red,
not especially attractive in appearance and only fair to good in
quality. Season October to December. Not valuable enough to
be worthy of trial in New York except perhaps in those districts
where superior hardiness is particularly desirable.
Historical. Originated in Grundy county, Iowa, by J. S. B. Thompson.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with short, moderately stout, somewhat drooping
branches. Form open, roundish to spreading. Twigs above medium to
short, somewhat curved, medium to stout, rather pubescent with large ter-
minal buds; internodes medium or below. Bark brown or reddish-brown
tinged with olive-green, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; pubescent.
Lenticels quite numerous, rather conspicuous, medium or below, round or
irregularly elongated, not raised. Buds prominent, large to medium, broad,
plump, obtuse, free or nearly so, pubescent.
Fruit.
Fruit large or very large, fairly uniform in size but not in shape. Form
roundish conical or a little inclined to oblong, indistinctly ribbed, irregular ;
TZ TuHer Apples oF New York.
sides often unequal. Stem short to medium, thick. Cavity very acuminate,
deep, moderately narrow to rather broad, somewhat furrowed, irregularly
russeted, frequently compressed. Calyx large, usually somewhat open.
Basin moderately deep to deep, medium in width, very abrupt, furrowed and
wrinkled.
Skin smooth, rather tough, clear bright yellow washed with red which
sometimes deepens to a pinkish blush, striped and splashed with carmine
and mottled over the base with dull scarf-skin. Dots scattering, small to
large, pale gray, conspicuous. Prevailing. effect greenish-yellow; not par-
ticularly attractive.
Calyx tube long, wide, funnel-shape. Stamens variable but usually median.
Core rather small, usually abaxile; cells sometimes unsymmetrical, wide
open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly ovate to elliptical, emarginate,
sometimes tufted. Sceds rather dark brown, small to medium, rather numer-
ous, very short, very plump, obtuse.
Flesh nearly white, firm, rather coarse, crisp, juicy, brisk subacid, fair to
good.
Season October to December.
JUIEN.
REFERENCES. I. Rural N. Y., 1861 (cited by 15). 2. Hovey, Mag. Hort.,
29:112. 1863. 3. Hanford, Horticuliurist, 19:273. 1864. Sie eee
1867:719. 5. Downing, 1869:181. fig. 6. Thomas, 1875:499. 7. Ill. Hort.
Soc. Rpt., 1876:252. 8. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpi.; 1879-471 (9) eskans) eral
N. Y., 47:646. 1888. .10. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:2902. 1 Amer.
Gard., 12:570. 1891. figs. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:239. 13. Burrill and
McCluer, Jil. Sta. Bul., 45:321. 1806. 14. Budd-Hiansen, 2903-108) 15-
Ragan, UL S. Be Bal Oe alOOs-
Synonyms. August (4, 15, of Cassel, Germany, 3). FourtH oF JuLy (2,
4,6; 8, 0, 10, II, 12, 13):- Fourth of July (a5, 2 5) eeeeeeeetS
Juty, Fourth of (14). McAdow’s June (4, 15). Siberian August (4, 15,
of Germany 2). Stewart's Nonpareil (15, ? 4). TEToFSKI (5). Tetofsky,
erroneously (4, I5).
This fruit closely resembles Tetofsky and some have considered the two
varieties identical (4) but they are quite distinct in tree. It is not recom-
mended for planting in New York because it is not equal to standard
varieties of its season.
Historical. Hovey states that “The Fourth of July apple, in Germany
called the Siberian August apple, was sent from the Russian province Lief-
land, in the year 1807, to the celebrated pomologist, Dr. Diel, and is cele-
brated, tike all our summer apples which originated in Russia, for its great
productiveness and hardiness” (2). It was introduced into Columbus, O.,
from Cassel, Germany (3). It has been disseminated to a considerable extent
in various parts of this country and is still listed by a considerable number
of nurserymen (12).
TREE.
Tree vigorous. Form upright, roundish and rather dense. Twigs short,
straight, stout with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark duil
JUDSON
THE APPLES OF NEw York. 113
brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent.
Lenticels scattering, small, oblong, not raised. Buds medium size, plump,
obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRvuIT.
Fruit below medium to above, pretty uniform in shape but not in size.
Form usually roundish conical, irregularly ribbed; sides often unequal. Stem
medium to long, moderately slender, often bracted. Cavity acuminate to
acute, moderately deep, medium to narrow, slightly furrowed, thinly rus-
seted. Calyx medium to large, usually closed; lobes medium in length,
moderately narrow, acuminate. Basin rather shallow to medium in depth,
narrow, somewhat abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thin, tough, smooth, rather glossy, pale yellow washed and mottled
with red striped and splashed with carmine and overspread with whitish
bloom. Dots small, numerous, submerged, inconspicuous, light, areolar.
Calyx tube variable in length, funnel-shape. Stamens median to marginal.
Core medium or below, axile; cells closed; core lines slightly clasping or
meeting. Carpels roundish ovate or elongated ovate. Seeds very dark dull
brown, medium size, moderately wide, short, plump, obtuse.
Flesh yellowish, a little coarse, crisp, tender, moderately juicy, sprightly
subacid, fair to good.
Season last of July to September.
KAIGHN,
REFERENCES. I. Coxe, 1817:128. fig. 2. Downing, Horticulturist, 1:34.
NOt re eOle 1649-125. 4. Lhomas, 18492173. 5 Emmons, Nat. Hust.
Ni yeesooe Tost. 6. Plott, 18547141. fg. 7. Hooper, 1857:49. 8. Down-
Mm meroy 7 nso. OQ. VWarder, 1667-081. ng 10. Downing, 1876:55 app. 1.
Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :242.
Synonyms. KaicHN (11). KAIGHN’s SPITZEMBURG (1). KAIGHN’S Spit-
ZENBERG (3, 6, 9). KAIGHN’S SPITZENBERGH (2). KAIGHN’S SPITZENBURG G
12). KaicHNn’s SpITzENBURGH (4, 5, 8). Kaicn’s SprtzeNpurc (1o).° Lady
Finger (erroneously 6, 7). Long John (6, 7). Long Pearmaimn (6, 7).
Ohio Wine (6). Red Pearmain (6, 7, 8). Red Phoenix (6). Red Pippin
(6). Red Spitzenberg (6). Red Shpitzenburg (8). Red Winter Pear-
main (6). Russam (6). Scarlet Pearmain, erroneously (6). Downing
states that Kaign’s Spitzenberg and Long Red Permain, for many years
considered identical, are in reality distinct varieties in both tree and fruit.
He gives a long list of synonyms for Long Red Pearmain including all of
the synonyms cited above and adds, “ The true Kaign’s Spitzenburg, so far as
I know, has no synonyms ” (10).
This is an old variety of New Jersey origin which has been disseminated
through various parts of the West even to the Pacific Coast. The fruit is
showy and the tree productive. The tree makes a spreading, straggling
growth (1, 11). According to Coxe (1) the fruit bears “a faint resemblance
to the Esopus Spitzemberg but is more pointed toward the crown; the
color is a lively but pale red, faintly streaked and full of white spots; -the
114 THe AppLes OF NEw York.
skin is smooth, the stem long and deeply planted, the crown very hollow —
the flesh finely flavored, yellow, juicy and tender.” It is now practicaily
obsolete in New York.
KALKIDON.
REFERENCES. I. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:25. 2. Schroeder, Mon-
treal. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-7:76. 3. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc Kprt, 1887-560.
4. Lyon, U. S. Pom. Bul., 2:41. 1888. -5. Beach, Ni Yo Sia) Aya eee:
1892. 6 Jb., 13:580. 1804. 7. Ib., 14:261. 1805. 8. Beach Raddockauna
Close, 1b., 15:272, 281. 1806. 9. Beach and Clark, VG Ve Sia Gul onsen
TOOK, 10, Ragan Wa Se Be Paves ii Sor aols mous:
SyNoNymMs. KAaLKIDON (3, 4, 9, incorrectly I0). . KALKIDONSKOE (1).
KALKIDOUSKOE (5, 6, 7, 8). KALKIDOVSKOE (2). Khalkidonskoe (4, 9).
Khalkidouskoe (3, 10). No. 540 (10). No. 94 (1, 2, 3, I0).
A Russian variety which was received from Ellwanger and Barry, Roch-
ester, N. Y., in 1884 for testing at this Station. It 1s an apple of moderately
attractive appearance and fair to good quality, in season in September and
October. The tree comes into bearing moderately young and is a reliable
biennial cropper. It is not recommended for planting in New York because
it is inferior to standard varieties of its season.
FRUIT.
Fruit large to medium, fairly uniform in size and shape. Form oblate
conical to ovate, regular or faintly ribbed. Stem medium to very short,
moderately thick. Cavity acute to almost acuminate, moderately shallow to
deep, medium in width, furrowed and compressed, russeted and with oiit-
spreading greenish-russet rays. Calyx medium to large, closed or partly
open; lobes medium in length, broad, acute. Basin shallow to medium im
depth, narrow to medium in width, rather abrupt, slightly furrowed.
Skin thick, rather tough, smooth, greenish or pale yellow, largely washed
and mottled with dull red, splashed and striped with carmine. Dots variable
in size, numerous, inconspicucus, submerged.
Caiyx tube rather long, moderately wide, conical or funnel-shape. Stamens
median to marginal.
Core small, axile or sometimes abaxile; cells symmetrical, closed or open;
core lines clasping. Carpeis ovate to elliptical, slightly emarginate, slightly
tufted. Sceds medium to large, wide, plump, acute to obtuse, dark brown.
Flesh tinged with yellowish-green, moderately fine-grained, tender, rather
juicy, mild subacid, fair to good.
Season September to midwinter (9).
KARABOVKA.,
REFERENCES. 1. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:74. 2. Budd, Ja.
Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:7. 3. Gibb; fa. Hort) Soc. Rpts 1885-2725 eee
Sia. An. Rpt., 13:582. 1804. 5. Ragan, U.S. B: PP. Buls socioream@os
SynonyMs. “Kajabowka (5). KaARABOFF (2, 3, 4). Karaboff (1, 5).-
THE AppLes OF NEw YorK. I15
KARABOVKA (5). Karabovka (3, 4). KarasowKa (1). Karabowka (2,
mee ion eV (3 4). INios 205 (3, 4,5). suro, to la. No. 22_(5):
A Russian variety received from Ellwanger and Barry, Rochester, N. Y.,
in 1884 for testing at this Station. As grown here the tree does not come
into bearing very early but when mature yields full crops biennially. ‘The
fruit is medium to rather small, not specially attractive in appearanc2, fair
to possibly good in quality being inferior to standard sorts of its season.
Season late August and September. It does not agree with the description
of Karabovka given by Budd (2).
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with moderately long, stout, curved branches.
Form tather open, flat, spreading. Jags long, curved, stout, with large
terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark dark brown, heavily streaked with
scari-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels quite numerous, small to
medium, round, slightly raised. Buds large, prominent, plump, obtuse, free,
slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit small to medium, uniform. Form oblate, regular, symmetrical.
Stem medium in length, moderately thick to rather slender. Cavity acute
to nearly acuminate, moderately deep to deep, narrow to medium in width,
occasionally lipped, usually russeted. Calyx large, open or nearly closed;
lobes short, rather broad, acute. Basin medium in depth, wide, furrowed or
wrinkled and with mammiform protuberances.
Skin thin, tender, smooth, rather dull pale greenish-yellow, with scatter-
ing narrow stripes of dull dark red, or when highly colored it is largely
striped, splashed and shaded with red, and overspread with pinkish bloom.
Dots rather numerous, small, light, obscure, submerged.
Calyx tube large, medium in length, rather wide, broadly conical to funnel-
shape. Stamens median to marginal.
Core medium size, axile; cells closed; core lines clasping. Carpels ellip-
tical, emarginate. Seeds very dark dull brown, medium size, wide, rather
short, flat, plump, obtuse.
Flesh nearly white, moderately fine, tender, moderately juicy, mild subacid
with peculiar flavor, fair to good in quality.
Season late August and September.
KENTISH FILLBASKET.
REFERENCES. I. Kenrick, 1832:95. 2. Downing, 1845:114. 3. Thomas,
MeaAgeioo 4. Hmimonus, Nat East, No. Y., 3:62. 1851. 5. Elhott, 1854172:
ferigoper, 1657-40. 7. Warder, 18672723. 8. Eloge, 18843120: 9. Green,
Country Gentleman, 1885:840. 10 [b., Can. Hort., 11:8. 1888. 11. Bailey,
Mee GlOng | TSQ2 242") 12.) \Woolverton, Ont Frm Stas. An. Rpt, 4:3. 1807.
figs. 13. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898 :354.
SYNONYMS. KENT FILLBASKET (13). KENTISH FILBASKET (3). KENTISH
EEBASKET (1,2, 4, 5-0, 75 OO, 10) It, 12). Lady de Greys (2 5, 8).
116 THe Apples oF NEw York.
Potter's Large (8). Potter's Large Grey Seedling (5). Potter's Large
Seedling (2).
A very large, handsome, late autumn appie, desirable for cooking but not
for dessert use. Tree a strong grower and a fair cropper. Not recommended
for planting in New York.
According to Hogg (8) the Kentish Fillbasket of Miller, Forsyth and
Rogers is a different variety being evidently the Kentish Codlin or common
old English Codlin, a lemon-yellow apple which is in season from August
to October.
The Kentish Fillbasket of Buel! appears to be the same as that of
Forsyth.?
Historical. This is an old English variety. It has been sparingly culti-
vated in portions of New York state for many years and has been grown to
some extent also in Ontario (12).
FRUIT. é
Fruit very large. Form oblate or roundish, ribbed broadly and obscurely
if at all, irregular, fairly uniform. Stem not exserted, short, medium in
thickness. Cavity acute to somewhat acuminate, deep, broad, symmetrical
or somewhat furrowed, green or more often with outspreading russet.
Calyx small to rather large, closed or partly open; lobes broad, obtuse to
acute. Basin pretty abrupt, moderately deep to deep, medium in width to
wide, sometimes a little furrowed or wrinkled.
Skin thin, tough, smooth, somewhat waxy, pale yellow with thin brownish
blush often deepening to red, somewhat mottled and splashed with carmine.
Dots small usually not conspicucus, dark brown or grayish or submerged
and whitish. Prevailing effect yellow somewhat striped with red.
Calyx tube wide, conical. Stamens basal to nearly median.
Core abaxile, medium to large; cells often unsymmetrical and open, some-
times closed; core lines nearly meeting. Carpels broadly ovate, mucronate,
not emarginate, somewhat tufted. Seeds medium or below, plump, acute.
Flesh whitish, firm, moderately coarse, crisp, rather tender, juicy, brisk
subacid, good.
Season October to December.
KESWICK,
REFERENCES. I. Forsyth, 1824:132. 2. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No.
225. 3. Kenrick, 1832:89. 4. Floy-Lindley, 1833:23. 5. Downing, 1845 :87.
6. Thomas, 1849:156. 7. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y. 3:37. 1851. 8. Barry,
1851 :280. g. Elliott, 1854:141. 10. Barry, Horticulturist, 10:87. 1855. II.
Gregg, 1857 :37.. 12. Hooper, 1857:25, 49, 107, 111. 13. Am. Pom. Soc. Cai.,
1860. 14. Mead, Horticulturist, 17:150. 1862. 15. Warder, 1867:688. fig.
16. Fitz, 1872:160. 17. Hogg, 1884:122. 18. Wickson, 1889:243. 19. Lyon,
Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294. 20. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:242. 21. Tait,
Mich. Sta. Bul., 105:108. 1894. 22. Lyon, Jb., 118:60. 1895. 23 Jb., 143:
200. 1897. 24. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:354. 25. Dickens and
1 Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:477.
2 Forsyth, 1803:50.
THE AppLes OF NEW York. 117
Greene, Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:53. 1902. 26. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:45.
1903. 27. Budd-Hansen, 1903:110. 28. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul.,
248 :128. 1904.
SynonyMs. CopLin, KESWICK (1, 2, 24). KESWICK (19, 21, 22, 23, 26, 27,
2a ICES WICK \CODLIN (35.4, 5, 6.7, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 10,
20, 24, 25). Keswick Codlin (27, 28). Keswick CopLine (15). No. 225 (2).
This variety is particularly esteemed on account of its excellence
for culinary use. It is not adapted for storage, its commercial
limit in ordinary storage being September and early October. It
comes into season late in August or early in September and ripens
continuously during a period of several weeks. It does not stand
heat well before going into storage and goes down quickly (28).
The fruit is of good medium size to rather large, greenish-yellow,
sometimes with faint blush; flesh brisk subacid. It is grown
chiefly for home use and only to a very limited extent for local
market. The tree is a good grower, hardy, healthy, long-lived,
comes into bearing quite young and yields good to very good crops
almost annually.
This is distinct from the Codling or English Codling described
by Coxe, Thacher, Forsyth and others.
Historical. Hogg (17) states that: ‘This excellent apple was first dis-
covered growing among a quantity of rubbish behind a wall at Gleaston
Castle, near Ulverstone, and was first brought into notice by one John
Sander, a nurseryman at Keswick, who, having propagated it, sent it out
under the name of Keswick Codlin.
“In the Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society, 1813, Sir John
Sinclair says: ‘The Keswick Codlin tree has never failed to bear a crop
since it was planted in the episcopal garden at Rose Castle, Carlisle, twenty
years ago.”
It has long been known in this country and very old trees of it are found
in some orchards but it is nowhere extensively cultivated being grown
chiefly for home use. It is quite commonly listed by nurserymen (20).
TREE.
Tree medium to large, moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading to
roundish. Twigs moderately long, curved, stout; internodes short. Bark
dull brown, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels numer-
ous, rather conspicuous, medium to small, round, not raised. Buds medium to
large, prominent, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
PRUE
Fruit above medium to nearly large, not very uniform. Form roundish
conic or inclined to oblong conic, rather broad at the base, distinctly ribbed;
118 THE APPLES OF NEw York.
sides frequently a little unequal. Stem medium to short, slender to rather
thick. Cavity variably acute, medium in depth to shallow, rather narrow to
moderately broad, more or less russeted. Calyx medium size, closed; lobes
long, medium in width, nearly acuminate. Basin shallow, moderately nar-
row, furrowed or angular, often with fleshy protuberances alternating with
the calyx lobes.
Skin thin, tough, smooth, waxy, pale greenish or yellow, sometimes with
a faint blush and often with a suture line extending out from the cavity.
Dots submerged, inconspicuous or russet.
Calyx tube medium in length, rather wide, bluntly cone-shape. Stamens
median.
Core variable, large, abaxile; celis wide open; core lines meeting. Carpels
variable, roundish ovate. Seeds very light brown, very small, medium in
width, short, very plump, acute.
Flesh nearly white, fine, tender, very juicy, brisk subacid, good for
culinary. use, too acid for dessert unless very ripe.
Season August and September.
KTRKBRIDGE.
REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1857:160. 2. Mag. Hort., 24:108. 1858. 3.
Warder, 1867:671. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat, 1871:8. 5. Downmens72c10
index, app. 6. Thomas, 1875:195. 7. Downing, 1881 :11 index, app, 8:2 76-,
1881 :12 index, app. 9. Budd-Hansen, 1903:1IT.
SynonyMs. Bohannon (2). Conic June (7). -KiRKBRIDGE (2, 3, 7, 8, Q)-
KIRKBRIDGE WHITE (1, 4, 5,6). IVhite June (5). Yellow Flat (8). Yellow
June (6, erroneously 3, of some 5).
Fruit small to medium, oblong conic, pale yellow or whitish; flesh white,
fine, tender, juicy, pleasant subacid, good to very good. The tree is a moder-
ate grower, comes into bearing young and is productive. Season August
and September. Not recommended for planting in New York.
Historical. In 1867 Warder (3) wrote concerning Kirkbridge White:
“This fruit has been pretty extensively cultivated in some parts of the
Western states and sometimes it is mistaken for the Yellow June.” It is
said to be of American origin. It is but little known in New York.
LADY FINGER.
REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1869 :245.
Synonyms. None.
Under this name Downing (1) describes an apple which he received from
Maryland, the fruit of which is of medium size, yellowish, nearly overspread
with deep crimson; flesh white, tender, pleasant subacid, good to very good;
season August.
Other varieties have been known under the name Lady Finger several of
which have already been mentioned in the discussion of the winter apples.
See: Voll) page 162)
LANDSBERG
THE APPLES OF NEW York. 11g
LANDSBERG.
REFERENCES. I. Berghuis, 1868:No. 8. col. pl. 2. Downing, 1872:20app. 3.
Leroy, 1873:701. fg. 4. Lauche, 1:No. 38. 1882. col. pl. 5. Hogg, 1884:128.
Pebcda wha Aer Coll. Bul. 1835-34, 41. 7. Lyon, U. S. Pom. Bul., 2:42.
EocowmonGarcher ro42No, 17. col. pl. 9. Beach and, Paddock, N.-Y. Sta.
Pam: rA-2525 201. 1605. 50. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul.,
Aereageeroes. ii. Beach and Clark, NV. VY. Sid. Bul, 248:129. 1004.
SYNONYMS. LANDSBERG (7, 11). LANDSBERGER REINETTE (2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9).
Landsberger Reinetie (11). LANDsBuURG (6). Landsburger Reimette (6, 7).
LANSBERGER REINETTE (10). REINETTE DE LANDSBERG (3). Keinette de
Landsberg (2, 8). REINETTE LANDSBERGER (1).
An attractive late autumn and early winter apple of good size and pleasant
subacid flavor. The tree is thrifty, comes into bearing rather early and is
reliably productive yielding good crops biennially. The fruit has a clear,
pale waxen yellow or greenish skin which readily shows bruises. It is a
good dessert apple but less desirable for culinary uses because when it is
cooked it lacks character in texture, color and flavor. It is easily excelled
for any purpose by standard sorts of its season and is not recommended
tor planting in New York.
Historical. Raised from seed about 1840 by Mr. Burkhardt, justice of
the peace in Landsberg, Germany (2, 4). Imported from Silesia, Germany,
in 1883 by Professor Budd for the Iowa State College (6).
TREE.
Tree vigorous. Form roundish or spreading, rather open. Twigs short
to medium, nearly straight, rather stout; internodes medium. Bark olive-
green tinged with brownish-red, mottled with scarf-skin; pubescent. Len-
ticels quite numerous, small, round, not raised. Buds large to below medium,
broad, plump, generally obtuse, free, quite pubescent.
FrRuIt.
Fruit medium to large, pretty uniform in shape and size. Form roundish
conic to roundish oblate, obscurely angular, pretty regular; sides sometimes
unequal. Stem short to medium. Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, rather
wide, sometimes obscurely furrowed, usually smooth but sometimes russeted.
Calyx segments long, acute, reflexed, sometimes closed. Basin medium in
width and depth, often somewhat furrowed, wrinkled.
Skin thin, tough, smooth or slightly roughened by russet dots, waxen yel-
low or pale green, sometimes with attractive crimson blush. Dots numerous,
submerged and whitish, sometimes russet. Prevailing color pale yellow,
rather attractive.
Calyx tube large, wide, cone-shape. Stamens median.
Core abaxile, medium; cells usually symmetrical and wide open; core
lines slightly clasping. Carpels broadly ovate, much concave, narrow to-
ward the apex, nearly smooth. Sceds numerous, medium in size, broad,
obtuse, medium brown, smooth or nearly so.
120 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Flesh nearly white, very tender, crisp, rather fine-grained, mild subacid,
agreeable in flavor, good to very good for dessert.
Season mid-October to January (8, 9). Some of the fruit keeps appar-
ently sound till March or later but after January it loses in quality.
LATE STRAWBERRY,
REFERENCES. 1. Thomas, Cultivator, 5:246. 1848. 2. Thomas, 1849:150.
hg. 3. Cole, 1849:111.\ 4.. Waring, 1851221. (55 Eminicms, Maisie eae
3:27. 1851. tig. ©. Batty, 1851:282.. 7. Elliott, 1854-05. oa omaumne:
1857 :163. 9. Hooper, 1857:54. 10. Gregg, 1857:41. 11. Am. Pom. Soc.
Cat., 1862. “12. Warder, 1867:540. 13. Downie, 1869-250) mem ae oda:
1871 :154. fig. 15. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:538. 16. Roach, Wontreal Hort.
Soc. Rpt., 1886-7:27. 17. Wickson, 1889):245: 18: Lyon, Wie 0c.
Rpt., 1890:294. . 19. Bailey, An. Hort., 1852:243. 20. Burrill and) Mic@lier,
lil. Sta. Bul., 45:329. 1896. 21. Budd-Hansen, 1903:113. fig.
SYNONYMS. AUTUMN STRAWBERRY (I, 4, 6, 7, 10, 14, 15). Autumn Straw-
berry (2, 5, 8, 12, 13, 17, 21). Fatt STRAWBERRY (3). LATE STRAWBERRY (2,
5, 8, 9, Il, 12,-13, 16, 17, 18, 19; 20, 21). Late Strawberry Gin ouange ad
berry (2,7).
Different varieties have been called Late Strawberry but the name
is now almost exclusively applied to the variety described below.
This is an attractive apple, pale yellow overspread or striped and
splashed with light and dark red, very good in quality especially
for dessert use. Many esteem it one of the best dessert apples of
its season. It comes into use in September and ripens in succession
during a period of several weeks continuing in season till December.
While this habit of successive ripening makes the variety more
desirable for the home orchard it renders it less valuable for com-
mercial purposes, since several pickings are required to secure the
crop in prime condition. The fruit is hardly as large as is desir-
able for a good market variety but its attractive appearance and
excellent quality render it suitable for local and fancy trade. The
tree is medium to rather large, vigorous; form upright spreading
to roundish. It is hardy, healthy, long-lived and a regular cropper-
yielding moderate to heavy crops biennially or nearly annually.
Historical. Late Strawberry originated at Aurora, Cayuga county, N. Y.
(12). In 1848 Thomas described it as a new and newly introduced apple (1).
FRUIT.
Fruit below medium to above, uniform in size and fairly uniform in shape.
Form roundish to slightly oblong conic, sometimes quite strongly ribbed,
LATE STRAWBERRY
‘ies Aes Om INiawy WORK: 121
rather irregular. Stem long, rather slender, often curved. Cavity acuminate,
deep, usually broad, furrowed, sometimes with thin radiating streaks of light
russet mingled with carmine. Calyx iarge, open or partly open; lobes often
separated at base, rather short, acute, erect or reflexed. Basin deep, mod-
erately narrow to rather wide, abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin attractive pale yellow often alrnost entirely overspread with bright
pinkish-red, dotted and streaked with purplish-carmine. Dots small, not
very numerous, inconspicuous, light colored. Prevailing effect bright striped
red.
Calyx tube rather wide, conical to slightly funnel-shape. Stamens basal.
Goxzem rater small nearly axile to somewhat abaxile; cells closed or
somewhat open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels obovate.
Seeds rather large, flat, obtuse.
Flesh yellowish-white, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, somewhat sprightly aro-
matic, subacid, very good.
Season September to December.
LATHAM,
REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1869 :251.
Synonyms. None.
This is a variety which we have not seen; so far as we can learn it is no
longer cultivated. According to Downing it originated in Sag Harbor,
Suffolk county, N. Y.; tree very productive; fruit medium size, yellow mostly
covered with light and dark red; flesh white, juicy, mild subacid, good;
season November and December (1).
ILje/ ND)
REFERENCES. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 8:40. 1881-82. 2. Ia. Hort.
NOGwiupiemlos2-7o. 3. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883 :102. 4. la. Agr. Coll.
Pileeetees:26) 5 [O. 1885:11. 6. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt.
TSO Om ee wla. eA.ere Coll, Bil. 1890:23. 8) Budd) Way Sia.) Bul, 19-540.
1892. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:243. 10. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1896:74, 79.
Pe SMCOMN Ani Sid. Bul. AZ:105. 1S06. 12. Mhomas, 1897:201. fig.
BOOM Wid Sid wept. T8399 :60. 14. Elansen, S. BD) Sia, Bul. 76-04. 1902:
15. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:84. 1002.
SONNEI MEE EADE (Inn An 5. 0,7. 6. 0, 10) lin 12) 12) 14. 15). lead
Ppplicn (Ge) pee Nos Vini(2) A407, 8) 10; 145.15). No, 277 (2 4,5, 10). Swinsovka
(1). -SwiINEz (3). Swinzovska (5).
As noted below two distinct Russian varieties have been disseminated un-
der the name Lead. Some of the references cited above refer to one of
these varieties and some to the other.
A Russian variety was received from the Iowa Agricultural College in
1890 for testing at this Station, the fruit of which is pale greenish-yellow
with a blushed cheek and carmine splashes, medium size or above; flesh
tender, rather juicy, subacid, fair quality; season late August and September.
The tree does not come into bearing very young. It is an annual cropper but
only moderately productive. It is not worthy of further testing for this
region.
122 Tue AppLtes oF NEw York.
This appears to be the same variety as that described by Hansen under
the name Lead with the synonym No. 362 (14). This he says is not the
true Lead. He describes the true Lead with synonym No. 3 M as a Russian
variety, large, heavy, roundish, zreenish-vellow with dull blush; flesh green-
ish-white, sharp subacid, good in quality; season early winter.
LINCOLN PIPPIN.
REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1881 :93 app. fig.
Synonyms. ‘None.
Fruit medium to large, yellow with no blush, subacid, excellent for either
dessert or culinary uses; season November and December. Under favorable
conditions some portion of the fruit may be kept through the winter. The
tree is large, spreading, somewhat open, moderately vigorous with rather
short, stout twigs, hardy, long-lived. It does not come into bearing very
young but when mature is a pretty reliable annual bearer, ripening the crop
evenly. The fruit is fair, averages pretty uniform in size and shape and is
reliable and satisfactory in color and quality. Downing describes it as
“medium to large, roundish oblate, slightly conical, slightly angular, sides
sometimes a little unequal; skin pale greenish-yellow, moderately sprinkled
with grayish dots; stalk short to long, slender; cavity large, deep. calyx
small, closed; basin small or medium, slightly corrugated; flesh half fine, pale
whitish-yellow, tender, juicy, subacid, slightly aromatic; very good; core
rather large. October, December” (1).
Historical. So far as we can learn this variety ‘$ cultivated only in the
vicinity of Syracuse. Downing states that it is an old variety, said to have
been brought to Syracuse from Connecticut; the original name having been
lost it was named Lincoln after Reuben Lincoln who brought it into
notice (1).
LINDENWALD.
REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1869:254. 2. Burrill and McCluer, Jil. Sta. Bul.,
45 7330. 1896.
Synonyms. None.
A variety which originated with J. G. Sickles, Stuyvesant, Columbia county,
N. Y. Downing describes the fruit as of medium size, yellow with light
shades of red; flesh crisp, juicy, pleasant subacid, good to very good; season
September (1).
We have received no report of this being grown outside of the locality of
its origin.
LONGFIELD.
REFERENCES. 1. Webster, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 7:52. 1881. 2. I0.,
8:71. 1881-82. ‘3. Budd Ja- Hort. Soc. Rpt; 1882277. 4. Gibpe looses
5. Webster, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1883:113. 6. Budd, Ia. Agr. Coll. Bul.,
1883 :28. 7. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:66. fig. 8. Budd, Ja. Agr.
Coll. Bul., 1885:5. 9. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpi., 1886587155) 20.
Schroeder, /b., 1886-87:74. 11. Craig, /b., 1886-87:103. 12. Hoskins, Rura!
Q1aIS9NO1
THE Apples oF NEw York. 123
N. Y. 47:558. 1888. 13. dm. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1889:8. 14. Gibb, Can. Hort.,
EA ZeeSoO) £5. 0. 13207, 210, 801. 1890, ro. Budd) Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul.,
REDO RROMN T7400 GSA. vl LQ530)) tOO2) 18. Can. Hert. 15:20. 1802. 1g.
iavlon wie. Pom. Soc. kpt., 1892:57, 58. 20: Bailey, An. Hlort., 1892 :243.
Bee Mere |GULd. a t4l: 500 l77, 305. 1503.22. Can. Hort. 16:204, 360: 1893.
paCrais Ont Er. Gr Assn. An. Kpt, 20:16. 1804. 24. Beach, N. Y. Sta.
Peiieiepiis 502) Toot. 25. lroop, Imd. Sia. Bil. 53°:123. 18094. 26: Craig.
Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1894:126. figs. 27. Freeborn, Nat. Nurseryman, 2:133.
1894. 28. Van Deman, Rural N. Y., 55:848. 1896. 29. Munson, Me. Sta.
impimmcsgoe75. 30, Stinson, 47k. Sia. Bul, 43°105. 1806. 31.) Buckman,
inne eee etSO- 300 ToO7. 32) Waueh «7 Sta. Bul, 61231. “1807. 33.
Thomas, 1897:291. fig. 34. Am. Gard., 19:650, 682. 1898. 35. Rural N. Y.,
SEZs OF OLOs LSOQS. 36. Troop, Ind: Sta: Rpt, 1899:80. 37. Hansen, S. D.
Sta. Bul., 76:67. 1902. fig. 38. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:84, 85, 87, 95.
roo2s39- Lowell and Fulton, U.S. BP. 7. Bul. 48:47. voo3. 40: Farrand,
Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:45. 1903. 41. Budd-Hansen, 1903:116. 42. Beach and
GhinkewNE YY Sta: Bul., 248:120. 10904.
SYNONYMS. English Pippin (26). 587 (26). 57 M (16). 56 M (2, 3, 6,
10). Good Peasant (9). LANGERFELDSKOE (1, 4, 5, 7, 13). Langerfeldskoe
(a) EPEONGEIEDD) (2: 3,6, 80) 10, Ii, 12) 14, 15,-16, 17, 18, 10, 20, 21, 22, 23, 2a,
Pee feo 20. 200 31, 32) 33, 34. 35: 86: 37, 38: 30, 40, 41, 42). Longheld
Cope Loncuelas Apple (i, 5). No. r6r (2, 3, 6, 8, 16, 24 20, 37).
The fruit of Longfield is usually below medium size but decidedly
attractive in appearance for a yellow apple, being clear waxen yel-
low, lightly blushed with bright red. Its flesh is white, crisp, fine,
very tender and of pleasant quality. It may well be classed among
the fancy dessert apples; it is good also for culinary uses. In mar-
keting this fruit it is necessary to handle it with great care because
ordinarily its texture is so very tender and its color so delicate that
it shows bruises very readily. It is not well adapted for holding
outside of cold storage. In ordinary storage its commercial limit
ateGeneva is late’ September or early October (42) and in cold
storage it may be kept till December (42) ; but as grown further north
it may be kept through the winter (26). The tree is a moderate
grower, very hardy and very productive; in fact it bears such heavy
crops that the fruit is liable to be deficient in size. On account of
the hardiness and productiveness of the tree and the beauty and
good quality of the fruit Longfield is recommended for planting
for home use and for local and special markets.
Historical. Longfield was first imported from Russia by the United States
Department of Agriculture in 1870; later it was imported from various
European sources for the Iowa Agricultural College by Professor Budd.
124 7 THE APPLES OF NEW YorRK.
It is now frequently listed by nurserymen (20) and is being planted to a
limited extent in various parts of the state, but it has not yet come to be
commonly known among New York fruit growers.
TREE.
Tree medium in size with short, moderately stout, crooked branches and
drooping laterals filled with small spurs. Form roundish or spreading, dense,
rather low. wigs medium in length, curved, moderately stout; terminal
buds large; internodes short. Bark dark brown, lightly streaked with scarf-
skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oval, not raised. Buds
medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
Fruit.
Fruit medium to small, usually below medium; uniform in size and shape.
Form roundish conic, slightly ribbed. Stem medium to short, rather slender.
Cavity acuminate to acute, medium to rather deep, narrow, quite symmetrical,
usually slightly russeted. Ca/yar small, leafy, closed or partly open; lobes
long, rather narrow, acute to acuminate. Basin small, shallow to medium
in depth, narrow, somewhat abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thin, tender, smooth, glossy, pale waxen yellow or whitish usually
with a lively pinkish blush but not striped. Dots few, small, inconspicuous,
whitish, usually submerged. Prevailing effect attractive bright pale yellow
partly blushed with lively red.
Calyx tube narrow and elongated, often extending to the core. Stamens
basal to median.
Core medium to above, axile or nearly so; cells symmetrical, not uni-
formly developed, closed or partly open; core lines clasping the funnel
cylinder. Carpels roundish, slightly emarginate. Seeds rather large, mod-
erately dark brown, long, acute approaching acuminate.
Flesh nearly white, fine, crisp, very tender, juicy, subacid, sprightly,
aromatic, good to very good.
Season September to October or later.
LONG ISLAND PEARMAIN.
REFERENCES. I. Coxe, 1817:144. fig. 2. Warder, 1867:682. 3. Downing,
1869 :255.
Synonyms. Autumn Pearmain (2). Hollow Crown Pearmain (3). Lone
IsLAND PEARMAIN (1, 2, 3). Winter Pearmain (2).
This is an old variety which Coxe (1) thus describes: “A handsome large
apple, of an oblong form, about the size of a Priestly —the stem is short,
not deeply planted; the crown large and hollow; the skin streaked with large
blotches of red on a rich yellow ground, with faint russet spots —the flesh
is tender, coarse and pleasant, partaking of that dryness characteristic of all
the varieties of the pearmain —it ripens in October and keeps till March.”
Downing (3) states that it has sometimes been confused with Winter Pear-
main which is an entirely different fruit. So far as wé can discover, Long
Island Pearmain is now obsolete in New York.
THE Apples OF NEw York. 125
LONG RED PEARMAIN.
REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1876:55 app.
Synonyms. English Pearmain incorrectly (1). Hudson Red Streak (1).
Kentucky Bellflower (1). Kentucky Gilllower (1). Kaighn’s Spitzenburg
imcorrectly (1). Lady Finger incorrectly (1). Long John (1). Long Pear-
yuain (1). Lone Rep PEARMAIN (1). Mudhole (1). Park (not of Kansas)
(1). Pearmam (1). Pound Royal incorrectly (1). Red Bellflower incor-
hectiiw(n). Mmed Pearmam (1). Red Phemzx (1). Red Pippm (a). Red
Spiisenberg (1). Red Winter Pearmaim incorrectly (1). Russam (1).
Scarlet Pearmain (1). Sheepnose of some (1). Striped Pearmain (1).
Wabash Bellflower (1). Winter Pearmain (1).
This variety was for many years considered identical with Kaighn. See
page 113. In 1876 Downing (1) stated that it was distinct from Kaighn in
tree and fruit and gave the list of synonyms for it which is cited above.
The fruit is medium to large, oblong approaching conic, yellowish, shaded
and striped with red; flesh coarse, pleasant subacid, good; season late fall and
early winter.
LONG STEM.
REFERENCES. I. Cole, 1849:106. 2. Hooper, 1857:55. 3. Warder, 1867:
[ESSA Downing, 16003250. 5. Ragan, U.S: B. P. I. Bul., 56:183. 1005.
Synonyms. None.
Several varieties of the apple have been known in cultivation under the
name Long Stem. One of these has already been described (Volume I,
page 196) as Long Stem of Pennsylvania; others are noticed below. The
references cited above do not all refer to the same variety.
Lone Stem or MassacuHusetts. The following is Cole’s description of this
variety (1): “ Large medial; flattish-round; pale yellow, brown full in the
sun; dark specks and patches; stem extremely long, slender, in a broad, deep
cavity; calyx large, rather open, in a broad, shallow basin; flesh white, rather
tender, juicy, of a rich, mild, delicious, sprightly, aromatic flavor. First-rate
for the dessert or cooking. Sept. Ist, to the last of Oct. Good and constant
bearer. Origin, East Bridgewater, Ms.”
Lone StEmM or CoNNEcTiIcUuT. Downing (4) describes this variety as hav-
ing young shoots of dull reddish-brown, somewhat downy, with prominent,
flattened buds. Fruit medium, roundish oblate, yellow; flesh fine-grained,
sweet, rich, good. Season September 2.4.4.5 550n> aeeeEee 323
SINMICIES or severe aioe ones 2 srdDivs jal Soyc/eleeeeds See
SUVAMUIS 9 lh: «.s crdew send tedehe Suc biota yeast eet nciee s ceap io eval © 0) sed ee
SUPROLK BEAUIWie eee nee En A Re Bee teen 5 oeclnietheg eee
Sugar Barbel ....: ae OORT al Fe Birt oe wee 61
SUSIE PCr eee eee silk wiluwate ae saiee Bde he eee eee
Summer: Bellleheure. s,s oe ee ones ae
SUMMER BELEFLOWER: «i. us os 2? oo oe eee eee a eee
Summer Bellower (synonym of Autumn Bough)........
Sanmer2tl dgloea xa. eee ee ee S SSech cay ea Setar
SU IUINCH OU To Say hehe ste keueiadovsi on ueae aeosne Cae oe aR: J: wha cose ae 227
SUMMER PEARMAIN ...... Nae ar eee totes ee 2 eel itpsinnsl se Sect aea 15
SUMMER: PIPPIN: 2os.1:5,,00i8 272 er eee sae Se ee II
Summer Pippin (synonym of Champlain).........:......
Summer Pippin (synonym of Fall Pippin) .........:..:.
Summer Pippin (synonym of Holland Pippin)............
SUMMER QUEEN? cos... ics os see antes ee 16
SUMMER RAMBO) jist). stins Siadelore Scie s eSta ey ie) ee
Summer Rambo (synonym: of Grosh)...:2....-ses2eeeeee
Summer ROMDOUP o0nbsc oda nde ose ne Waser e
SUMMER “REDSTREAK oy ch.) .se aes ssocdnae oo tenes Ube ee ee
SUMMER: ROSE! 212.2 hecn oo eye tene GR a eee 15
SUMMECH RUSSEL Go iciinn naa nin ee
SUMMER -OPITZENBURG! Gak.ciisecrncacionstac conkers Geen eee <
Summer S przendurgh, o.e.% ics cee ens ken eee
SUMMER |S WEET® ses ssicdancraPosancnevdign ere ee a at
Summer Sweet (synonym of Hightop Sweet).............
“Summer Sweeting (synonym of Summer Sweet).........
Summer Sweeting (synonym of Hightop Sweet)..........
Summer. T 1 avelet x. ceee Ace sanexesc se pee Ee
Superior White Ai wee Se Maw eo ee
Sussex Scarlet Pearman = 25 2a Lee eee 379
Susy. - Clank. Scat Ge is Wears tren A
SU TRON 3. Sie i Bite eaeie oe aoe aan Le eT 22.324
Sutton Beauty (synonym of Dumelow)...........2...-2- II2
Sutton Beauty (synonym of Sutton). 5:-.-.4-- 40-2 eee 324
SUMS ODER i205 ss ORS Snes eh PS ee Oe
SIWEAAR: Sr sie a ea oes ON ng et eee 15, 160, 17,, tesco
Swaar Apple... avo sce ackee Se ee ee 326
Swaysie Pomme-Gns: \ ss sin2s os Seon sae de 3 oe
SUA 21, catia aearal aise eae oe Ss SR ee 328
Swayzve Pomme: Grise2 ssa de esis ee ee 328
SWAZIET set. ACen emer meio Hada Mee esa Ag 521328
Swazie Pomme! Grseé 5225 29 sic RR ee 328
Swazie:s Pomme Gris Si25 ees oe 328
SUDEY bi eptasietin Piual est, Sa won ee eadcalas sie ee Ota een ae ee 328
VOL; At,
PAGE.
209
210
210
210
219
211
211
10
g2
211
E21
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I.
PAGE
PLE Ne A OMIUIIVES GID Sans ive Cela AcReron aia ore Gra ehk ao halcke) wa oe Rickie arb 328
SIGHS ORSAOT) ~ OL battles. soc sc.s ae sete es aeis ss caeaw es
SoU: AIST SOGIRY Se ees Oe cee ce nee re A an ne oe 329
Soest TOUGES - SAGs Sere ee ee ee eae ee en ap Ss 106)
SEED TEVAILIE) [PAI S15 (5 eee eee ieee: et
Sanee? GOAT JAG ae Ae en
Saipato din Ge RDIFINIDN Guede) «foo (eke ecroire eel o a iesaueresatetacare S4.s/eog ie bucie'é eles Visiin, sient
Sapeeh. IBIGG DOSING 0 clot oOo oR eae Oe eae a ee
SHCGE TMIRE VS SPE ee AO Ce a Or a ea
SET [TGS oe ttele 6 tie Cte ones ene een er 2 ere ena 333
SUICG IEMTTOTE SOE Le eee
SUA VOM eSB USW. 20. ene s oa ere ts sb OS sea Seca pe eae oI
SIGE IP CMLULILE, Ee 55 CO CH ee RE ea 333
Sweet Pippin (synonym of Moore Sweet)............... 219
Sweet Pippin (synonym of Hog Island Sweet)...........
SEER TROIDO Be Oo One SACS Ce OEE Pe a Seen, ete ane
ICEL MIMO Cal STONE GHECHINE vale a acsim ales fs oie ais 31d oles es 331
SORBET: [ROGSSIDTE TS Bo i Oe re neta care a 333
SUPBET IPUSISIDIE Fp ost ee ee ees, are - =. .---eecete
lari Bowen (symomymnot:Champlatt) \ce eye s449- 6424-4.
SRI OU GsE leis ts aoe fee eerie ral se oen tek nau ca tucsovactulloneiare @aatore
35
VOL. II.
PAGE.
I2I
121
218
220
239
128
128
128
352 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I.
PAGE.
Lesenmowthe ooo 56 aw elieweane Dee eee ee eee
VEER os Sas cnn ett eels ae eto eee 206
VennesseeEarly Reds... 202 ttesice ee ne eee
Tenon Fills. 620.25 ae ek ae oe eee 67
Terry's Redsireak) 2.625.526: ie 0 cee eee 273
Tete PARSE ogee abe.) cess hohe oe ee eee
TVete:de: Chal >: co ook eees 18 be Se a Oe eee
L101 SRY. 550. See ee Oe ke oe eee
Teiofski (synonym of July)... 2. 2. 2.2 3-22: cee eee
fetofski (synonym ..ot Vetotsky) . 2... 2. coe eee
TETOFSKY os. ewise eso 2 bles ts dies see oe Soe ee eee ee
leiofsky (synonym of July) —....-..:.->-:c ee eee
Tewkesbury Blush «20552506. oan. 2e oc see eee 336
Tewkesbury Winter. Blush 32.22.7203 eee 336
Tewksberry Winter Blush 2. 2008 cae ig3to eS e eeee
TEWKSBURY | oc. 8 ese hc ki ica. Seek ee ee ee eee 336
Tewksbury Blushu. 5...0305 ol ws ee ee eee 336
Tewksbury Winter Blush)... 202. - 3s eon eee eee 336
Pexvan. Red oicx fads caw Uso ed Ge eee eee 375
WERAS sy 23). Se dowiee oS de Ube oe eee ED ee eee 337
THALER 2.006 0 aoe thes .dcclds dee pa ete sees eee
THOMGS © isis SS ocd ee a aes sin eee 208
RHOMPSON 2-50.28 Sse cbs oucives ce eee
Thompson: NOs 24. 2) 3. 2558 anteninnjceateeee eee eee eee
Thompson's. Seedling .N0. 2455-0. 0005 on eee
Thompson's Szedling NG: 202%.5555. 252-04 + sense eee
Thompson's: Seedling No. 3862... s00's2 52s S-eeee
Timothy: 22.92.9958 cant Saesbecein. ss Oe See 339
Tamothy Witws Sori’ oon San oe Siok eta cee 339
TINMOUTH: 225220 03 be cache Go tiets seer eee pee
Tinmouih Sweet. os. ono. 035 o ees Se C2 eee
THODCE Ns 5 sow Sew Sone os Scene dase See eee
DITOVKA S52. ON ee eee See Soe eee on ee ee
TiO Cahaesn eee eee eee ape eid laters .
TITUS) SF eas Sai see es ee Oe Ree eee 339
Titus (synonym of Vitus Pippin). 22... 5.23202 ee 330
Vitus Apple 03: Song te Sa eee
Titus Pimpin 2 ook So ee eee eee 338
Pius Riga 202.. S0 5 ee BROS oe ee eee
EOBEAS: 2S Sioa xk SE a ess ee Ce eee 340
Lotus. Apple... 2515. G8 cee s ea Sese ee se eee 340
"TFORGAS BUAGK 80. ats So See ee ee eee eee 341
LOBIAS PIPPIN) 2 hod... oss ee le Sk ce ae eee ee eee eee 342
Colman So ae ie Ss & Ses SE RE Re eee 343
POL MAN SWEET % 2505 Cn kc On hag e ee Oe eee eee 16, 17, 18, 343
Tolmaws Sweeting 0. 0. 6553 Se ee eee 343
TOMO RLE CL) Satelsisoesiee oJs a3 ESS es eee 345
Tom? Harrymati in o2. 28 =o atees eos an wee Jockey See
VOL. II.
PAGE.
223
55
29
29
220
112
220
220
112
85
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 353
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
LOOT LEO! a5 ARS OO HAS CIS eRe RP oer nee oc lL
LP OROPIGHOS Sie caS ES d.5o Oe ER er eee a 49
NON UUSOOUNLY KING. wi 83 sc ages sh ud be css cage oe 345
“TS@URIPIRIINGS TETISICH 6 ieee ee er eas a 17, 18, 19, 345
LORD IPE os £4 CMS 6 GS SOA Ree re te nrg ae ea 225
SCH uU PINE eee Rica cs a Slo ed ove Mae baowane wes 225
LORS IRCOL. 5 65 CEES SO Sea OC ee ee ne ee nee 345
Tom Woodward Pippin ..........: ASSEN AT ei, RUT CHat hal 5 244
Tromseanlorn® (CRUD. Se tO He ee ee 267
“IPRA SCLDTIDIBINNE | (Cite) Ios a gee 266
NOUS RARCIILCM OCR A SENUCON. of, ohare sss chs sed cee ses ene ols 239
1 POBSPOP ONG Ch BUGIS wis Pee U rhe Seen car ee Pe Sete ee 239
LP CUS HOP GLLE CO MU OISCOTU Sen One ence ear ane 239
TL POMS DOPOREG UG. MANSOOR CI SHANG oe NASR o OS oe eS 239
Transparente de Saint-Leger (syn. of Vineuse Rouge)..... 233
Transparente de Saint-Leger (syn. of Yellow Transparent). 248
I ion UPCTEC, CL ATLA AAO io oh ee A ee ee 239
Transparente Jaune (synonym of Vineuse Rouge)....... 233
Transparente Jaune (synonym of Yellow Transparent).... 248
LF OMSPOELLOG. IROOKE” SSSA SOs OOo ae ae Oe eerie one 238
LE PORIS DOCS LEAOTPIB 5 Ona Gis O10 Oe RE Ee ea eee eae 233
LE PORS DONGLE NY SCOTT ON Rn ASO eae Ren ne a 239
LPOEDELS sa 6010.0 HOA OLA OCC ee 184
LCOS AUD PUGS Bao is s\ies Seen Ie Un ene 184
LAEDORS. IE CDN. 2500s Coe A Ee eee 184
Travers Pippin ...... 2 Se cheers ety Oy au Sate ea eee FA ea 184
UG OURS. IRGUBETIOR S55 Dio Oe Cee 184
TPO CRUNCD: Soo heh 6 LO SON RON OE a a ee eee ee 227
LE GPC POL RBMGED,. 05's Shea eScelD Ode OSE EEE ON TEE WES ee LTE tere Oa gr ara 22
VPCREOM LECHIM Cos Seo oa Ck OS ee er eae 81
LOE SPU MOLES BS SOO Ce BC a CHO e See CNG 6 Oe ene eee 1211
JP POPC DROZ OGD 2R. cece NO 0 Os OSU Ee AERC ed a ees 273
SIPS. SCD yore tra otig 5h OG Bed TRO) SI IE eee eee 45
“TUTRIRS 9 19 6 sa iso SUPPRESS BRA ent Oe LO nse 24 226
Lupes JOU s kee soi So ods Bees Oe ee re ee 226
RES NCCONTWO MIEN, oho ions cues ree aene e hanie sale os 226
0G DELDOCRERR. “Ss Nota 5 Goble cle be BO Choe Gan Den Ieee ee 125
TE UD OROCIRGLE BG ORES DO eo ie aE eee ee
Mite: Quy IGOR oR OOO Ee ee ee ae ee 174
Sl aENivan OUINGE acer CC RP ona ts cdot = se Ye hale eidtee 6s L7G) 1O3 227,
TOBIN? (QUOT CiDe PAPE IS es Nee see 349
Twenty Ounce Pippin (synonym of Twenty Ounce)...... 227
LOIN S TEC OD 3 Majicay tat on aero Moe er ee er ree 247
IMSARIB. IBIBUAUIUSC oie Sus. UCU eR Cy ac tN Ue aera 220
(ilsterr: SCCGH OE 5 TIN oe lea RR a PC Sere Ten ara 172
Onele. SORES IS OSEISAE Be EE OC er or en eee 64
SARGCPUMHE SEG Se EC OE Ee ae eer ee 30
354 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I.
PAGE.
Utter's Large Red «202252. sek es dade eee
Utter's Red. cc pidecs ce aes tee ees ate ee eee
V alandingham 20.4 025 o<. 0.02 os. Oe ine ee eee 197
Vandervere (synonym of Newtown Spitzenburg) ......... 225
Vandervere (synonym of Smokehouse) .................. 312
V andervere of New York. <...02...2. 25. 2422 a eee 225
Vandervere (synonym of Vandevere) ..............-.---
Vandervere (synonym of Vandevere Pippin) ...
V andersere Pippin = cose. os ho ee ee eee
V andeveer os eck sti cess USS ae es ok bee Pe eee
VANDEVERE woc.c cso Sou as ves ve ates Bees cme ee eee 18
Vandevere (synonym of Newtown Spitzenburg) ......... 225
Vandevere, English: 2. 0: