eiuhseactrttiai ny =e eed 3 meee ~~ Cu ) My) yy) HM) Uf, Yp i 'y WPS Wilt Mi 4 yyy} Wy)" LU, YY, YE... 0, .W ARS AN AAA \ AC AA bt YO) YY): YY) Ue 4, }]) YI) 1 aS a a dn th LO CCK KACO tala achaal hha al Raa achicha tuted yyy Cea eea eM ware wae at YY) 4 y Z y Y YY), YU, UY) PY ea “4 . oe, cn \\ \\ My NN ais ith ‘ Fer as ‘ ANY ANY AAS ; A AO Me deh Sy ai NR MN ela SU OS AE Ae A A at eS oS y) MRA ij OOO Se Oa e ey »)) ) matt at iat ut WAAC a \ «( fr YAY) wet WAAC i \'\ 1) YY LEON EOE EAE N EE LNA EE ER Mi ih By, A LLL LLL SELES LE SSE ES ENS PA Ay el hy i Sy iy yr iy ny A ey iy i My A yh Lai tiat a ant Fa a a at aut alas ata teeny eC ( Per mad \ AAG AY, | \ 3 AN na hh Ray alate seals PE oR A te led a ea isu lbut ; CMM GO UT AE EG EG LE A EME I IE TG MA SC AM AU NCO AW EM GTN LSM GN I AM / : ( (i V4 VK ( NK WG : WE Qh y' VAN AY QE AY QA AGS AACE WN ie a Ae i Me i Mie My ha ay My Mee eee eee ee KK KK Aah ya pha hag Se lS ya A i Ay i A yt Si it, CAG hy a hal YAN AWW \\) AANA RC hibit SOO OOOO OCG Kok MOL Me rk LALLA LLL LS LLL ELL KL AL LLY Sy hythiMuhigyrhag Fae A a ae LOR K halaclarhs tel hs YY) 4 YY) WY ) YD) YY), 0, 4, YE: 8-0, My y} 1 YY) LOK R ORNL OR ROR Tasik hahaa hehehe hah lala St ay aan 8 Uh a9 a a aah ah ACTA a ak a A My A | wf hs yy py ty AN ( PRM MMMM OA a eae a AT AS a hho ORR kk heheh at att4 hy Dh eh Khar haha hada Saha UD IIII PELE IIS EL ED ID ELS Seti SLE LSS LSS LS KLE RI Tate PIL tah AT, VAM LEHR ML MOR Me i 0a , hho Rha a ahah i yi iy LAP ee Nm aan win: hii » eae Rhee koh helok © ia aa oe oe at tohhehok ar py hai nya hy parla high hu hy hahahah yh Sulu hy hy Kaphiyhyh, RL ur ten OPE EP IND MR AND a i POOR SRN Ra K Rakeohohkekeheohok ok sok te vy line ohh ‘ Koha DAD AD Me a a A ILI MENA IMENT MAAS INE : haunts nd indi uit Ke hat haha hahha fala ak Rona hh ho ‘ Ay AN yt ‘) uy biphi A a AS A A \ CEU C@l : Oe w\\ ( YANN At, Xt Qi ae AW YD Wa « x ae . : ' he hh : ee ee (gh o \s ARN \\ N\A nu ih S\N whiythagth ve Aya ana Nay yy poe i Or ‘ ce oe se ea Ne ey Wee i a I \ j ay, K f t a ’ i ( ‘ ~ f : Ae 3 Ae 3 pity ght ‘ a : ne i, ny H i Ae STATE oF New York — DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (alls meee S OF NEW YORK VOLUME II BY S, A. BEACH ASSISTED BY N. O. BOOTH Assistant Horticulturist AND O. M. TAYLOR Foreman in Horticulture Report of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station for the Year 1903 II ALBANY J. B. LYON COMPANY, PRINTERS 1905 a 90 franster — Ww 3 1 By iy i : ‘ ie : ‘ vvoye 3 rake ow ares A . u o ¢ Ay “ wu i} ba " ‘ t INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS, HA.LF-TonE PLATEs. FACING PAGE. SQSTUEPEIIUS 5.og (OW UMUC Bie si te eek SG Gee enn ea 2 APUSIG 5 2 o@bletecocll SORE aele a cle ee cee aies ear an mee oan ee RAs 8 LSIIBIRITUSINGR 92 dy isis eet Ore eo BOI eA PEERY 2%) Cte a a ea 22 ere Cm res hen sc Cols WORE A hae hole ee Sa ce dba Bude 28 “DSS (QUPBTTES wo co: Sih Slee teig: BCR ce TE aR NT ec ION eA) in) A Rar 42 Ce rao eirieyy . LET (OSD Gy. Ne Sec Ree care cg cee enn Srl gene eesti eae gy mn 44 Ho alae le BAVECG EME Cee raicrsc = Ge alcceciclats Mant ecceal o ectabers) cieiterel w/a hs UNM Y Retana Doe 9 4 50 Hoe ERR O CME TOC Ie eos Se Saeco. emia ae eviews ee we hase baad boi Se 52 aglyeRIPe 221. 6. os «.-'- Dae orca ees oF Es ay cir tag Maa ESR ae a NC 54 NOE MIC Wears iOS FANG tieck dala tuakiaware sqaure tema nae aise Boek Vida e alga ob 60 VLLRGISIOIES 9 .c° onbls 6 OSS Gn CpG AeO Orc RC eae A meee Rta ts SF RE nei PI 76 eelidlesm Su@ete fyices SSeS Rare ae ae Sago cl 82 eta AS MEU o haf i scr Spee sPalou inde wena tty. ce oevelarere) brace, 6 an. rel dave Suakethauare gee 90 ie Sar os) MPI oot a ov cb, oes copes, «/ aheves & Buciee! sinabial Gee aagaua: shatek eaves eae 94 LADEN? — 5 9:05 6: SOUR ORD SONORA ar) Ee rE a earn RE De On aries tl Oe) cara 100 a ielioy:

Russian Emperor (2,6, ©, 13, 20, 20). Stoke Dulip (60). Wolf River incorrectly (39). Wunderapfel (26). Alexander is a typical representative of the class of Russian apples commonly known as the Aport group. Fruit very large, Amerachive Ged) Or striped, COakse im texture, meditim to good im uingsuitaple ton culinaiy rather than tom dessert use » ihe fruit is apt to crack and decay about the stem and calyx and often becomes discolored where it is chafed by constantly rubbing 4 : THe Apples oF NEw York. against some twig or branch; there is also a considerable loss from premature dropping of the fruit. Notwithstanding these faults many fruit growers now regard Alexander favorably as a com- mercial variety as in some markets there is a strong demand for the fruit at good prices. It is being used to some extent for ex- port trade (40). Its season begins in September and extends through October or into November. It may be held in cold storage till November. It goes down quickly and as it does not stand heat well before going into storage it should be shipped the day it is picked and under ice (39). As it ripens continuously during a period of from four to six weeks it should have more than one picking. The tree is hardy, vigorous and moderately productive. In some localities it is subject to blight. It can be recommended for planting in commercial orchards to a limited extent. Inthe West it is now largely supplanted by its Wisconsin seedling Wolf River (34, 36). Historical. Introduced into England from Russia in 1817 (20). The exact date of the introduction of this variety into America is not known. The Massachusetts Horticultural Society made several importations of European varieties which were distributed among the members of the society. Mr. Manning exhibited what was supposed to be Alexander before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society at its meeting on September 18, 1830. Whether this was Alexander or not, the shipment of varieties of which Alexander was one had evidently been made prior to that date. It has been widely disseminated and is now pretty well known in the apple growing districts from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Thus far it has not been grown to any considerable extent in New York state but at the present time its cultivation is on the increase. TREE. Tree large to medium, vigorous to moderately vigorous with long, stout branches. Form upright spreading to roundish, open and somewhat inclined to droop after bearing heavy crops. Twigs short, curved, stout with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark brown mingled with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Leniicels scattering, medium in size, oval, raised. Buds medium in size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. FRuIT. Fruit large, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish conic to slightly oblate conic, regular or approaching broadly angular, symmetrical. Stem medium to rather short, moderately thick. Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, broad, symmetrical, occasionally lipped, russeted, often with broad, con- 1N. E. Farmer, Sept. 24, 1880:78. ALEXANDER (Reduced Size) THE Apples oF NEw York. 5 spicuous, outspreading russet rays. Calya medium to large, usually open; lobes medium to short, rather narrow, acute. Basin rather small, deep, narrow to nearly medium in width, abrupt, nearly smooth, symmetrical. Skin moderately thick, tough, smooth, glossy, somewhat waxy, greenish or pale yellow deepening to orange-yellow in the sun, often entirely over- spread with lively red or handsomely striped and splashed with bright car- mane. Dots inconspicuous, small, scattering. Prevailing effect red or striped. Calyx tube variable, long to short, wide to medium, conical to funnel- shape. Stamens median to basal. Core small, usually axile; cells often not uniformly developed, closed or very slightly open; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels elliptical to slightly ovate, emarginate. Seeds medium in size, wide, short, rather plump, obtuse to acute. Flesh nearly white with faint yellow tinge, firm, coarse, moderately crisp, tender, juicy, mild subacid, fair to good. Season September and October or early November. AMSTERDAM. REEPRENGES, “I. Downing, 1876-43 app. 2. Ragan, U. S. B. P: Tf. Bul., 56:26. 1905. SYNONYMS. AMSTERDAM (2). AMSTERDAM SWEET (1). Amsterdam Sweet (2). HAightop Sweet incorrectly (1). ; Downing describes this fruit as medium in size, pale greenish-yellow, striped and splashed with light and dark bright red; flesh white, half fine, tender, juicy, rather rich, sweet, slightly aromatic; season October and November. Origin Amsterdam, N. Y., on the farm of Joseph Britten (1). We tind no account of Amsterdam except the one above mentioned, and have not seen the variety. ANISIM. REFERENCES. 1. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:71. 2. Hos- hinsmenanal Ni Yo, 52':200.. 1803. figs, -3. Greene, Minn. Sta. Bul., 32-240. IO Mndd ld Sta. Bul, 315334) 1805. 5. ihomas, 1897-620. 6. Budd, HOMO. Bw. At -:60, 60, 71. 1809, 7. Am.-Pom: Soc. Cat., 1899:15.. 8. Mun- SOM VES CAwCpts TQO2-63), 60, OF. 9. Elansen, \S.D) Sita. Bul, 76:23. 1002. fig. 10. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :38. fig. SYNONYMS. ANIsImM (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, 10). Amtsim of Peterson (9). DOrsaonienr OL \Vitage. (Oo). 16 MG. 8, ot Budd 9). ra of Budd (Q). Good Peasant of Patten (9). Jonathan of the North (4). Swedish Borsdorf of Patten (9). Zuzoff of Tuttle (0). Hansen (9) reports that this Russian apple is proving very valuable in Minnesota and other parts of the Northwest. It may be of some value in those portions of New York state where superior hardiness is a prime requisite. Hansen’s description is given below. “Tree a strong grower in the nursery and orchard and a prodigious bearer; young trees upright, spreading with age; limbs long, slender with a very strong shoulder; leaves \ 6 die) APPS) OF NEW LOK narrow, pointed, dark green. The beautiful color of the fruit attracts favor- able attention— Fruit below medium, roundish conical, slightly angular; surface greenish-yellow, covered almost wholly with a beautiful dark crim- son, with heavy blue bloom; dots white, minute; cavity regular, acute, usually slightly russeted; stem medium; basin narrow, very shallow, corru- gated, sometimes flat; calyx closed. Core closed, clasping; tube short, broad; stamens median, flesh greenish white, with green veins, good. Early winter.” ANTONOVKA. REFERENCES. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 8:28, 70, 130. 1881-82: fig. 2. Budd, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1882:76. 3. Gibb, 1b., 1883:432. 4. Budd, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 188371. 5. lb., Ja, Agr, Coll’ Bul, 1883-22) 6, lib eiaee 7. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1886:272. fig. 8. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:72. 9. Budd, ja, Agr Coll. Bul, 1890:24) 10s e@aiee eign 13:175, 216. 1890. 11. Budd, Ja. Sia. Bul., 192537. 18025) si2see elo Pom. Soc. Rpt, 1892:57, 58. 13. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:234. 145 Cam Flort., 16:359. 1803. 15: Jb., 17 :280, 200, 201. 1804, 16; Droop, idea ean 53:124. 1894. 17. Nat. Nurseryman, 3:32. 1805. 185 Siimsomiis eee Bul., 43:104. 1806. 19. Hamilton, Can. Hort., 20:412. 1807. 20 Amon Soc. Cat., 1897 :11. 21. Thomas, 1897 :286, 626. fig.) 225 Budd) iam sya=eamr 41 :66, 60, 70, 71, 73, 74: 1800. 23. Troop, Ind: Sita) ikpr 2800-70 meer Miacoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt, 1899-78. 25. Hansen) So98) S70. stn eee 1902. fig. 26. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:43. 1903. 27. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :38. fig. SYNONYMS. “ANTENOVKA (23), -ANTONOVKA (1, 2) 31/4. 5.)6;07,) os eOn inmate 12,13, 14, 16, 18, 10, 20, 21, 22; 24, 25, 20, 27). AINTONOMW HeAuslOISene Antony (3, 14). Bergamot, 424 (25). Cinnamon (24). German Calville (24). German Calville, 324 (spurious) (25). No. 224 (25). No. 236 (1, 2, 4. 5, 6, 9, 25). Possarts Nahvia (2, 4, 5). Kussian Gravensicm, 105 eee AO ME Ge es Wis On Asa. Ionnenill. 277 (25). A Russian fruit of no practical value for this state. Wlansenm(espmde- scribes it as “large, roundish, irregular, obscurely angular; surface yellow; dots minute, raised, white, suffused; cavity deep, regular, with radiating, often large patch of russet, stem medium; basin abrupt, corrugated or wavy; calyx closed. Core closed; cells ovate, slit; tube funnel-shaped; stamens median; seeds ten to sixteen, small, pcinted, plump, a few imperfect; flesh yellow, juicy, sprightly spicy subacid, good. October.” ARORD: REFERENCE. 1. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 8:32. 1881-82. SynonyMs. None. This name is applied to a pretty well defined group of Russian apples. Alexander is the typical variety of this group. The name Aport has also been applied to a particular Russian variety which resembles Alexander closely.1 iitlansen, (SD. Stan Dil) WOr20.) O02: THE Apples. oF NEw York. 7 APORT ORIENT. RERERENCES, Te. Vioniveal Hort. Soc lept., 8:73. 188182. 2. Ta. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1882:78. 3. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1883:30. 4. Montreal Hort. NOGeiupie Qo2, 1663, 12, 5. Budd, la, Agr Coll, Bul, 1885:0. 6. Schroeder, VOOMhGO HOV SOGlICptss L2-72. ToS0no7, 7. Budd, fa, Aer Coll, Bul, PSOOR2An Onspeed. Side bil TO.538. 1602. 9. (>?) Beach, Ni. VY. Sia. An. Mier yO. 1604... 10, Budd, la. Sia. Bul, 4r:71. 18090. 11. Munson, Me. Wnwie i eLQO2: 635 12. bhlanseni Ss. OD) Sia. Bul, 76:20, 1902, 13. Budd- Hansen, 1903 :39. SRMON MNES: ee PORT (Ch 23 An 5) ©, Zit 12, 12). Arorn® Oripna (85 10): CALORme ORIEN TAT.) Nonna Orel (7), INO. 252 (Cl, 2.3514, 7,11). 23: GieZ3)re Oporto (4). A Russian apple, large, yellow, mostly covered with mixed red, striped and splashed with dark crimson, very attractive but coarse-grained and in- ferior in quality. It begins to ripen about the middle of August. The tree comes into bearing rather young and gives full crops in alternate years. Not recommended for New York state. ARCTIC. INEFERENGHS. 7 le Nn 4 Sia. An. Rpt. 82347. 1880, 2. Munson, Me. Sta iepieeregor70: 3. \Waugh, Vt. Sta, Bul, 61:20. 1807. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Gapetsog.t5).5. beach, 17, NY. Hort, Soc, Rpt., 1900:34. —6. Waugh, Vt. Sueaniepi, 14-250, 100l. 7. Mie. Sta. Rpt, 1902):83, So, 95; 96. 8. Budd- Hansen, TOs eon Os vowel andelmitom, OS. Bb Us Te Bul, 48:30. 1o08. Synonyms. None. One of the most valuable characteristics of the Arctic is its ability to endure cold climates. It has probably been planted more extensively in Northern New York, New England and Canada than in any other regions. It is reported as being pretty hardy in Central Iowa where the climate is too severe for Baldwin, Rhode Island Greening and other varieties of a similar grade of hardiness. Munson (7) states that it is worthy of trial where Baldwin will not succeed.. The tree is vigorous. In some dis- imiets it Wasithe repiiation of being productive, im others it is ealieduay sive bearer.) Die ius very attractive, mild subacid, good but not high in quality. It somewhat resembles Baldwin in size and color, but is more oblate, and the skin is of a somewhat lighter and brighter red than that of Baldwin. The cavity is often marked with outspreading rays of reddish or green russet as in the Baldwin. The dots are round, scattering, whitish, often S THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. areolar and not elongated in the region of the cavity as they often are on the Baldwin. It does not keep so well as the Hubbardston. In Western New York its season may extend from October to February, but when grown farther north is later (6, 7). In some parts of Northern New York it is being grafted over to other sorts. Waugh (6) states that this is also being done in the Isle La Motte region of Vermont, nevertheless he believes it will be grown there in moderate quantities for years to come, Historical. The Arctic was introduced by Mr. O. K. Gerrish, now of Lake- ville, Mass. He states that it originated as a chance seedling in a garden near Cape Vincent, N. Y., about 1862. About 1887 he bought the tree from Mr. John H. Esseltyne on whose farm it was growing. After taking propagating wood from it, he destroyed the tree to prevent theft of scions. TREE. Tree a moderate grower with long, moderately stout branches. Form spreading and open somewhat like Tompkins King. wigs short, stocky; internodes medium length; slightly pubescent near tips. Bark dark reddish- brown, streaked and mottled with thin scarf-skin. Lenticels scattering, con- spicuous, medium to large, roundish to somewhat elongated, raised. Buds medium to large, broad, obtuse, flat, free, pubescent. Leaves large, dark green, broad and rather thick. Fruit. Fruit above medium to large. Form oblate, sometimes roundish conic, often faintly ribbed; pretty uniform in size and shape. Stem short and rather thick to medium. Cavity moderately shallow to rather deep, broad, usually symmetrical or slightly furrowed, and having outspreading rays of red or green russet. Caly1+ medium to rather large; segments broad, obtuse, closed or partly open. Basin abrupt, medium to wide and deep, often compressed or slightly furrowed and corrugated. Skin nearly smooth, slightly roughened by the light russet or whitish dots; deep yellow or greenish-yellow, often almost wholly covered with a bright red obscuring the stripes of deeper red. Calyx tube short, conical varying to funnel-form. Stamens median. Core medium, axile or nearly so; cells closed or partly open; core lines clasping the cylinder of the tube. Carpels broadly roundish to nearly obcor- date, emarginate, slightiy tufted. Sezds cften abortive; when normally developed they are medium to rather large, flat, obtuse, sometimes slightly tufted, dark. Flesh somewhat tinged with yellow, firm, moderately coarse, crisp, juicy, mild subacid, good in quality. Uses. Adapted rather for market and culinary uses than for dessert. Season October to February or later. \\\\ \\ \ \ ARCTIC Tue AppLes oF New York. 9 AUGUST, IMPEORENGCESSNITAU NF 40. S10. A monepin 7 oO, Toos., 2) Mey Sta Rpt, 1893 :132. 3. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:586. 1894. 4. Mich. Sta. Bul., 118:59. oOo se Pal 2O 30s TOOO. O71 Ne ye Sia: Am lapis, 15):270; 1890) 7. Mich. Sides. 143):200, 1897. 8. [D., 152:210. ‘1808. 9. [b., 205:47. 1903. Synonyms. None. This hybrid is classed by some as an apple and by others as a crabapple. The tree is hardy, comes into bearing early and is reliably productive. The fruit is medium to small for an apple but very iarge for a crabapple. It has a slight crabapple flavor and is of fairly good quality for culinary use. Not recommended for planting in New York. Historical. Originated from seed of Wealthy by Peter M. Gideon, Ex- celsior, Minn., from whom it was received in 1888 for testing at this Station. It has been tested at experiment stations in different States but it appears to be practically unknown to fruit growers. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading and somewhat droop- ing, open. Jwigs short, curved, slender; internodes short. Bark clear brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scat- tering, medium in size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium in size, plump, acute, free, not pubescent. FRuIT. Fruit medium ¢o small, occasionally above medium, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate to roundish conic, nearly symmetrical, regu- lar or somewhat ribbed. Stem rather short to medium in length, mod- erately slender. Cavity acute approaching acuminate, medium to deep, mod- erately broad, symmetrical, usually not russeted. Calyx rather large, closed; lobes long, acute, reflexed. Basin moderately shallow to rather deep, mod- erately wide, somewhat abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin pale yellow or greenish, sometimes almost entirely overspread and mottled with rather bright red, striped and splashed with carmine, covered with bloom. Dots whitish, small, scattering, inconspicuous. Prevailing color red in well colored specimens. Calyx tube rather small, short, conical. Stamens median to nearly basal. Core medium in size to above, usually axile; cells often unsymmetrical, usually closed, sometimes wide open; core lines clasping. Carpels ovate. Seeds light brown, medium to above, moderately wide, plump, acute. Flesh slightly tinged with yellow, half-fine, moderately juicy, breaking, mild subacid, with a slight crabapple flavor; quality fairly good for culinary use. Season August and early September. ine) THE APPLES OF NEw YORE. AUGUSTINE. REFERENCES. 1. Horticulturist, 1848 (cited by 5). 2. Downing, 1857 :207. 3. Warder, 1867:711. .4. Thomas, 1885:502. 5. Ragan, U2 S96.) 56222 1905. SynonyMs. None. A pleasant flavored dessert apple formerly grown to a very limited extent in some portions of the state but now practically unknown. Fruit medium to rather large, roundish conic or slightly inclined to oblong, yellow splashed and striped with red; flesh moderately juicy to rather dry, not crisp, tender, sweet; season August. AUTUMN BOUGH. REFERENCES. I. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 36. 2. Parsons, Horti- culiurist, 1:209. 1846. 3. Am. Pom-Soc. Cat., 1852. 4. Mariitarie seeoes 1853. 5. Elliott, 1854:66. fg. 6. Downing, 1857:71. 7. Mag. Hort, 25-154 1859. 8. Warder, 1867:712. 9. Thomas, 1875:198. 10. Downmeg, 188 :11 index, app. 11. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1898:288: 22.) Batleyauese ENOvE L892)-234 Synonyms. AuTuMN BowcH (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 12). Autumn Bough (9). AUTUMNAL BoucH (8). AutUMN Sweet BoucGH (6, 9, 10). Autumn Sweet Bough (5). Fall Bough (6, 9). Late Bough (6, 9). Montgomery Sweet (10). Philadelphia Sweet (6, 9). Summer Bellflower (6). This is regarded by many as one of the best sweet apples of its season for dessert use and is esteemed also for culinary purposes. The tree is medium in size, upright or roundish, moderately vigorous to vigorous, healthy, long-lived, comes into bearing fairly young and is reliably pro- ductive. The fruit hangs well to the tree. It is suitable for local market but it does not ship well. So far as we can learn it is not grown commercially but it is occasionally cultivated for home use and is still listed by some qwurserymen. In 1846 Robert B. Parsons, of Flushing, N. Y., described it as ~a very superior fruit, ranking indeed among our best sweet apples, and worthy of extensive cultivation. It is rather large, somewhat of a calville-shape, though with the ribs not quite so prominent as is usual with apples of that class; oblong, diminishing very much to the eye. Skin smooth, pale yellow, with a few scattered dots. Eye of medium size, and very deeply sunken. Stalk rather slender, set in a deep narrow cavity. Flesh white, very tender, and with a rich and sweet, yet sprightly flavor. Ripens from 25th of Eighth month to the 20th of Ninth month. The tree is exceedingly productive, and of very vigorous growth” (2). AUTUMN STREAKED. REFERENCES. I. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:50. 2. Lyon, U. S. Pom. Bul:; 2:39. 1888. 3.N. Y. Sia. An. Rpt,.8:340. 1880. 4. [bes oncom SYNONYMS. AUTUMN STREAKED (1, 2, 3, 4). Herbst Strefling (1). Herbst Stretfing (2). No. 964 (1). THe Apples oF NEw YorRK. Tal This fruit approaches the Oldenburg type in some respects. It is of good size and usually attractive in color, sprightly subacid, very good fer culinary purposes; season September. The tree is hardy, comes into bearing young and is a good biennial bearer. Historical. A Russian apple received from T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vt., in 1888 for testing at this Station (3, 4). TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with short, stcut branches. Form spreading, flat, rather dense. Jigs short, curved, stout with large terminal buds; internodes short. Bark dull brown, mingled with olive-green, heavily coated with gray scari-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium to large, oval, slightly raised. Buds prominent, large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. FRuIr. Fruit large. Form roundish to roundish oblate, somewhat inclined to conic, regular or obscurely ribbed; sides often unequal. Stem short to medium, rather slender. Cavity medium to rather large, acute to acuminate, moderately deep, rather wide, slightly furrowed, greenish-russet. Calyx large, closed or partly open. Basin uneven, wide, abrupt, wrinkled. Skin yellow or pale yellow, shaded, striped and splashed with red and overspread with pinkish bloom. Prevailing effect striped red. Core large, open. Flesh yellowish, firm, a little coarse, rather crisp, moderately juicy, sprightly subacid, good. ; AUTUMN SWAAR.,. REFERENCES. I. Genesee Farmer, 1838 (cited by 10). 2. Downing, 1857 :115. Sellooper 1657.14. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 5. Warder, 1867 :572: fig. 6. Downing, 1869:82. 7. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:288. 8. Batley, An. -Hort., 1892:234. 9. Budd-Hansen, 1903:41. ro. Ragan, U. S. B. alba iiie 50) 107. 1OOS: SYNONYMS. AUTUMN SWAAR (4, 7, 8,9). AUTUMNAL SWAar (1, 2, 3, 6). Autumnal Swaar (10). Fatt Swaar (10, of the West 5). Fall Swaar of Wesic ((@, Gy 1). This belongs to the Fall Orange group and the fruit resembles Fall Orange very closely. It is very good in quality for either dessert or culinary uses. Vhe tree is hardy, vigorous and spreading; not satisfactorily productive (7). It is occasionally found in cultivation in this state but is now seldom or never planted. Its origin is unknown. Fruit. Fruit above medium to medium, sometimes large. Form oblate to roundish conic. Stem often short, thick end irregularly knobbed. Cavity acute, deep, broad, often lipped or irregular, with concentric russet marks and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to small, closed or slightly open. Basin medium in depth, medium to narrow, abrupt, slightly ridged. Skin orange-yellow or greenish, in some cases with a decided blush but ————=- = T2 THe Apples OF NEw YorK. not striped, roughened by almost invisible, capillary netted russet lines which become more distinct, larger and concentric about the base and apex. Dots conspicuous, irregular, russet or red areolar with russet center. Prevailing effect yellow. Calyx tube funnel-form. Stamens median. Core medium to rather small, nearly axile; cells partly open or closed; core lines clasp the funnel-cylinder. Carpels emarginate, somewhat elliptical, tufted. Seeds numerous, large to medium, plump, tufted, brown. Flesh yellow, tender, breaking, juicy, agreeable, mild subacid, decidedly aromatic, sprightly, very good. Season September. AUTUMN SWAAR AND FALL ORANGE COMPARED. The fruit of Fall Orange as compared with that of Autumn Swaar is larger, more inclined to conic, has smaller seeds and a fleshy pistil point projecting into the base of the calyx tube. The flesh is whiter, more acid, less aromatic and less tender. The flesh of well grown and well ripened Autumn Swaar is decidely yellower, more tender and milder with a very pleasant, peculiarly aromatic flavor. AUTUMN SWEET SWAAR, REFERENCES. I. Albany Cultivator, 5:247. 1848. 2. Thomas, 1849:145. 3. Barry, 1851:282. 4. Elliott, 1854:121. 5. Downing, 1857:115. 6. Gregg, 1857:41. 7. Warder, 1867:471. fig. 8. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890 :288. G. Ravan, U.S. BB. Poe Bil 56-335 1905: SYNONYMS. AUTUMN. SWAAR (3, 9). Autumn Sweet (9). AUTUMN SWEET Swaar (8). AUTUMNAL Swaar (1, 2, 4, 6). Autumnal Sweet (9). Av- TUMNAL SWEET SwAArR (5, 7). Autumnal Sweet Swaar (9). Sweet Golden Pippin (5,9). Sweet Swaar. (2, 3, 5, 6, 7, G). In 1848 Thomas described this as one of the finest autumnal sweet ap- ples (1). It is now seldom found in cultivation in this state. Its origin is unknown. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous to vigorous, productive. Form upright spreading. BRUTE Gee 2a. ©) Fruit large. Form roundish oblate, sometimes slightly ribbed. Stem varying from long and slender to thick and fleshy, yellow and red. Cavity acute, deep, wavy, green. Calyx medium in size, closed. Basin shallow, wide, slightly furrowed. Skin smooth, waxen yellow, sometimes blushed. Dots rare, minute. Core medium in size; cells somewhat open; core lines clasping. Seeds numerous, plump, pale. Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, fine, moderately juicy, very sweet, spicy, agreeable, very good to best. Season September and October. Tue Apples oF NEw York. 13 BAILEY SPICE, MBEPREN CES. | 1. Nie “Aer, Soc. Lrans, 18492350: 2. Batley, Horitcul- (MISE =280. 1650. fig. 3. Hovey, Mag. Hort, 16:542. 1850. fig. 4. Barry, 1851 :283. 5. Elliott, 1854:121. 6. Downing, 1857:116. 7. Hooper, 1857 :14. S. Grege, 1857:41. 9. Warder, 1867:712. 10. Thomas, 1875:205. SMNONVNMS- BAILEY SPICE (@, 3,4, 5, 7, 8). Baitey’s Spice (1, 6, 9, 10). A dessert apple of medium size, light yellow color and subacid, spicy flavor, in season in September and October. Historical. In 1850 J. W. Bailey, of Plattsburgh, published the following account of the origin of this variety (2, 3). “ The original tree is now growing in my grounds, and was planted there fifty years ago by my grand- father, Captain Nathaniel Platt. It is a great bearer, and | think I never knew an apple so invariably fair and perfect as this.” So far as we have learned this variety is no longer planted and is nearly obsolete in New York. BAKER SWEET, RBRBRENCHS. 4 91. Downing, 1857117. 2. Warder, 1867-712. 3. Whomas; 1875 :402. SYNONYMS. BAKER SWEET (2, 3). BAKER'S SWEET (1). Late Golden Sweet (1). Long Stem Sweet (1). Winter Golden Sweet (1, 3). A golden yellow apple of good size and attractive appearance. Because it is sweet, not a late keeper and drops readily from the tree it is of little commercial value except where it can be disposed of in local market, not- withstanding that the tree is very productive. It is a good variety for the home orchard where a sweet apple, ripening in late autumn, 1s desired. Historical. ‘his is an old variety, formerly much grown in parts of New England (1). It is but little grown in New York state. TREE. Tree medium size, only moderately vigorous or a slow grower; branches dark, rather slender, somewhat resembling Jonathan (1). Form spreading. Twigs rather stout. FRuIT. Fruit large to medium, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish to oblate, usually regular. Stem short to rather long, rather slender. Cavity large, acute to acuminate, deep, rather broad, sometimes partly russeted and with outspreading rays, symmetrical. Calyx pubescent, medium, closed; lobes broad at base, acute. Basin shallow to moderately deep, narrow to above medium in width, somewhat abrupt, a little furrowed. Skin moderately thin, tough, nearly smocth except for some patcnes of russet and conspicuous russet dots, good yellow with shade of brownish-red blush on exposed cheek. Prevailing effect good yellow. Calyx tube medium, somewhat funnel-shape. Stamens median. 14 THE Apples OF NEw York. Core above medium to large, abaxile; cells open, sometimes unsymmetrical ; ccre lines meeting. Carpels very broadly ovate to roundish, tufted. Seeds dark, medium to rather small, plump, acute, tufted. Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately fine, rather tender, rather juicy, very sweet, pleasant, good to very good. Season October to December. BANKS. REFERENCES. I. Craig and Allen, Can. Hort., 16:420. 1893. fig. 2. Nova Scotia Fr. Gr. Assn. Rpt., 1894:81, 120. 3. Sears, Can. Hort., 22:476. 1800. 4. Caston, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. “Rpt, 9:55. 1002, (5. AmapeomaSaameseus 1Q03 : 160. SYNONYMS. BANKS (2, 3, 4, 5). BANKS GRAVENSTEIN (2). BANKS RED GRAVENSTEIN (1). Banks Red Gravenstein (4). Red Gravenstein (3). In 1903 R. W. Starr, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, presented to the American Pomological Society the following report concerning this variety (5). “A bud sport from Gravenstein, much the same in season and flavor, but bright ved, less ribbed, more regular in shape, and generally a little smaller in size. First noticed and propagated by C. E. Banks, of Berwick, Kings Co., N. S. It is well liked and is being quite largely planted.” It appears that this sport first came into bearing about 1880 (1). In 1899 Sears (3) re- marked, “The Banks or Red Gravenstein is gaining in popularity because it combines with the superior quality of the ordinary Gravenstein the bright red color which people demand who judge the apple by its appearance alone.” Except in the points of difference above noted Banks appears to be identi- cal with Gravenstein and the reader is referred to the description of that variety for a technical account of the tree and fruit. So far as we can learn this variety is not yet planted to any considerable extent in New York. BEAUTIFUL ARCAD, REFERENCES. I. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 9:104. 1883. 2. Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:443.. 3. la. Agr. Coil. Bul., 1885:17. 4. Gibb), Monica alors. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:15. 5. 1b., Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:48. 6. Budd, Rural N.Y., 47:602. 1888. 7. Laylor, Mie. Pom. Soc. Rpt, 1892)-572 oes U.S. Pom. Rpt., 1892:274. 9. Thomas, 1897 :248. fie.) 10) elanseaaesa): Sia. Bul. 76:28: 19002. rr. Budd-Hansen, 1903:44. 12) (Racan Ope Seer Ie Ih IBONL AD BAO, GY BIS, OO). Synonyms. Arcad Krasivut (3). Arkad Krasivui (5, 12). -ARKAD Krasiwul (1). Arkad Krasiwui (2, 5, 12). BEAUTIFUL- ARCAD (2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 7, 8, 9; 11). BEAUTIFUL ARCADE Gio; 11). - Beawniul Arcade Geese. INO, ABRA(Bes (Op WO; 1, 10)), This is a Russian apple of good medium size, yellow, partly shaded and splashed with red, sweet, in season in August and September. It is con- sidered a desirable variety in portions of the Upper Mississippi valley and in other districts where superior hardiness is a prime requisite. THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 15 BEAUTY OF KENT. REFERENCES. I. Forsyth, 1803:55. 2. Ib., 1824:93. 3. London Hort.. Soc. Ciipmrest No, 50) 4. Kenrick, 183202. "5. Eloy-Windley, 1833:20. 6. Dowmine-s1s45:c0. 7. Elovey, Wag. Hort, 142250. 1848. fg. 8. Kirtland, FloRmicnliurist, 2:544. 1848. 9. Thomas, 1849:146. 10. Cole, 1849:114. 11. enimOnsmee One ist. Nin Yana) 3A S50 912. Barty, 1851 283). 13. Elliott, 1854:167. 14. Hooper, 1857:15. 15. Gregg, 1857:41. 16. Downing, Horti- Guimmisia 1Q),304. 1804. nes, 17. Warder, 18673584. 18. Fitz, 1872):152. ROM PenONpiS 7/5507, 124 920) Lloge, 1884517. 21. Lyon, Mich. Flori. Soc. TIPinwtego:256. 22. Wickson, 1889:245. 23. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:234. 24. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:354. 25. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :109. 2omeuowelmandekciton, U.S. B. PI Bul, 48246) 1003. 275 Garden, 64 :230. 1903. fig. bearing nursery trees. SMANOMMMIS SEAUDE DE Kenr (10). BEAUTY OF KENT (1, 2, 3. 4, 5, 6; 7; SOMO I2 12) 14 15, 10, 17, 18, 20, 20, 22) 22) 2/27). Beauty of Kent (io; 26). Kent Beauty (25, 20). Kentish Pippi (10, of some 3). Pepin de Kent (190). Pippin Kent (19). Fruit large, beautiful, showy, suitable for culinary use, in season from late September to November. The tree is large, vigorous, upright, comes into bearing rather young, is a reliable cropper and moderately productive. In England where it originated it is said to do best under garden culture in warm soil and on Paradise stock; grown in clay and other uncongenial soils it loses quality (27). It is but little known in New York. BELBORODOOSKOE. RERERENCES. i. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Kpt., 1887755. No. 37. 2. N. Y. Sta: Li ao o1O i looO, 3. Beach, Wb., 12/2500. 1803. 4. Lhomas, 1897-265, ee watanseny SD). Sta. Bul. 76220. 1902. SYNONYMS. BELBORODOOSKOE (2, 3). BELLERDOVSKOE (4, 5). Bielborodov- ske (1). Wutite BoropovKA (1). A Russian apple, medium to large, pale greenish-yellow, sometimes blushed, coarse, rather juicy, mild subacid to nearly sweet, good; season August. It does not appear to be worthy the attention of New York fruit growers. BENNINGER., REHERENCES ia ChunchilleN. Y5 Sia, An, pi, 82355. 16s0. 2) Bailey, AU O Ki PL OG2) 235) ans cleigvess Un Sa Oma pt. 189417. 4. Beach, N.Y: SiowAn Rpt, 15:270. 1800. 5. Laylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1897 236. SYNONYMS. BENNIGER (2). BENNINGER (1, 3, 4, 5). A pleasant-flavored dessert apple of good medium size and attractive ap- pearance; in season during late August and September. It is too mild in flavor to be very desirable for culinary purposes. The tree is a pretty good grower, comes into bearing young and is productive. 16 Tue APPLES oF NEw YORK. Historical. Originated about 1830 on the farm of Uhlie Benninger near Slatington, Lehigh county, Pa. In that region it is said to be a good grower and a reliable and abundant cropper (4). TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with short stout branches. Form spreading, open. Twigs short, curved, stout with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark clear brownish tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels conspicuous, quite numerous, medium in size, oblong, not raised. Buds deeply set in bark, medium in size, broad, cbtuse, appressed, pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit medium or above. Form roundish oblate to roundish ovate, some- what irregular; sides unequal. Stem short to medium, rather slender. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, medium in width, moderately deep to deep, often scmewhat russeted. Calyx medium in size, usually closed; lobes nar- row, acuminate. Basin wide, moderately deep to shallow, smooth or slightly furrowed. Skin rather thin, nearly smooth, yellow, blushed’ and streaked with red. Dots rather small, greenish. Calyx tube usually short, wide, conical. Stamens marginal. Core medium, abaxile; cells open; core lines slightly clasping or sometimes meeting. Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, firm, moderately fine, crisp, rather juicy, mild subacid, good. Season late August and September. BENONI. REFERENCES. I. N. E. Farmer, 9:46. 1830. 2. Kenrick, 1832:25. 3. Mag. Hort., 13149, 363. 1835. 4. Manning, 1838:490. 5. Mae idler aetemione: 6. [b., 7:43. 1841. 7. Downing, 1845:70. 8. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:17. 1848. fig. 9. Thomas, 1849:136. 10. Cole, 1849:101. 11. Emmons, Nai Hisi. N. Y., 3:12. 1851. 12. Hovey, 1:83. 1851. col. pl. and fig” 135 Baniyeees yee 0: 14. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1854.. 15: Elliott; 1854 :122. 1b, Wine elemento 1855. 17. Gregg, 1857:35. 18. Hooper, 1857:17, 106, DOS) Qs etericul— iurist, 14 :425. 1850: 20. Warder, 1867:650. fg. 21. Fitz, 2872-1 2ie oe 22. Hogg, 1884:20. 23. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:288. 24. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:235. 25. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt, ¥:245 1894. 26. Burrill and McCluer, Jil. Sta. Bul., 45:214. 18060, 9) 272 Wiersma: Greene, Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:51. 1902. 28. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :47. fig. Synonyms. None. Benoni is a fine dessert apple, very attractive in appearance and excellent in quality but not large enough to be a good market variety. The tree comes into bearing moderately voung and INONH4 THE Apples OF NEW York. i yields fair to good crops biennially. It begins to ripen early in August and its season extends into September. Historical. Originated in Dedham, Massachusetts, where the original tree was still standing in 1848. It was introduced to notice by Mr. E. M. Richards shortly before 1832 (2). It is highly esteemed throughout the country and is generally listed by nurserymen throughout the middle and northern portions of the apple-growing regions of this continent (24). TREE. Tree rather large, vigorous. Form erect to somewhat roundish, dense. Twigs moderately long, straight, slender; internodes medium. Bark olive- green, shaded with light reddish-brown, lightly coated with scarf-skin, pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium, oblong, slightly raised. Buds deeply set in bark, medium size, plump, obtuse, appressed, slightly pubescent. FRvuITt. Fruit medium to rather small. Form roundish inclined to conic, faintly ribbed toward the apex; sides unequal. Stem short to very short, slender. Cavity acute, rather narrow, moderately deep, wavy, greenish-russet. Calyx rather small to above medium, partly open, slightly pubescent. Basin medium in width and depth, abrupt, somewhat wrinkled. Skin smooth, orange-yellow partly covered with lively red striped with deep carmine. Dots scattering, minute, whitish. Stamens basal. Core small to medium, axile; cells closed; core lines meeting. Carpels roundish, slightly elongated, emarginate. Sceds few, dark brown, medium in size, plump, obtuse. Flesh yellow, firm, crisp, fine-grained, tender, juicy, pleasant subacid, good to very good. Season August and early September. BIETIGHEIMER,. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1881:101 app. 2. Thomas, 1885:521. 3. Hos- kins, Rural N. Y., 47:646. 1888. 4. Wickson, 1889:243. 5. Can. Hort., iE220 B01 Mooo, we. 6. Batley, An. Hort, 1892-234. 7. Can. Hort. 16-14. HeOg. 2 10, 17-413. 1804. col, pl. 9. Gard. and For., 8:300, 428. 1895. 10. ime 0m. Soc. Cat, 1897:12. 1. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sita. Bui., 106 :54. 1902. 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903:48. fig. 13. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205 :43. 19003. | SYNONYMS. BEITIGHEIMER (6). BIETIGHEIMER (7, 10, 12, 13). RED BEITIG- HEIMER (9). Red Beitigheimer (6). Rep BIETIGHEIMER (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, II). . Fruit remarkable only for its great size and beauty. It is a good cooking apple but coarse, subacid and not desirable for dessert use. The fruit being extremely large, drops badly before 18 THe Apples OF NEw YorK. the crop is ready to pick. In the nursery it is a rough grower forming many badly shaped trees and for this reason it is best to topwork it on some good straight stock. The tree comes into bearing rather early and under favorable conditions is an annual cropper but only moderately productive. It is a fine fruit for exhibition but is not worthy of cultivation for either home use or market. Historical. Origin, Germany. TREE. Tree large, moderately vigorous to vigorous. Form upright spreading or roundish, dense, with laterals inclined to droop. wigs short, curved, stout, with large terminal buds; internodes long. Bark dull brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, conspicuous, medium in size, oval, raised. Buds prominent, large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. FRuITrT. Fruit very large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate or inclined to conic, with broad, flat base, somewhat irregular. Stem medium to short, thick. Cavity large, acute, or approaching acuminate, wide, mod- erately shallow to rather deep, sometimes furrowed, occasionally lipped, often much russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to small, closed; lobes rather narrow, acute. Basin varies from shallow and obtuse to deep and abrupt, medium in width, somewhat wrinkled, often marked with mammiform protuberances. Skin thick, tough, smooth, bright pale yellow to greenish or whitish washed with pinkish-red and sparingly and obscurely splashed with deeper red. Dots numerous, small, inconspicuous, yellowish or russet. Calyx tube broadly conical. Stamens usually basal or nearly so. Core medium to large, axile to somewhat abaxile; cells partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels cordate or broadly roundish, a little tufted. Seeds numerous, large to medium, rather wide, broadly acute, rather light brown. Flesh almost white, firm, very coarse, crisp, somewhat tough, juicy, sub- acid, fair to nearly good. Season September and October. BIRTH, REFERENCES. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 8:42, 73. 1881-82. 2. Budd, fa. Hort. Soc. -Rpt., 1882:79. 3. fb., 1883:444, 685. fe. Aa Mioneenterton:. Soc. Rpt., 1883 :107. fg. 5. N. Vo Sia. An. pt, 2/35 ooo eOsumeeelon Coll. Bul., 1885:18. 7. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:80. 8. N.Y. Sia. An Kipie LT 5oS. LSO2 si Os iG.. SiC Sil Ale On SOO: Synonyms. BrirtH (8, 9). CuHrist BirtH (6). CHRIST BirTH APPLE (2, 3). Chnst Birth: Apple (4). Curistmas (7). SNoy 70m Gree ome a BIETIGHEIMER oy hee prt a THE Apples oF NEw York. 19 (2, 6, 9). 16r M (2). RESCHESTWENSKOE (5). Roschdestvenskoe (6). ROSCHDESTWENSKOE (4). MRoschdestwenskoe (3). ROSHDESTRENSKOE (1). A Russian apple received in 1888 from Dr. T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vt., for testing at this Station. Fruit above medium, roundish conic, slightly ribbed; skin greenish-yellow with a shade of brownish-red; flesh mild sub- acid, fair quality; ripens here in September. Not valuable. BISMARCK, REBPRENGES.) 1. Lloge, 1884-161.) 2. ural N. Vo 65:27° 288 321, 600, 1896. 3. Van Deman, /b., 56:241, 503, 534, 508, 662. 1807. figs. 4. Green, LA aOnIE NOG. Kept, 18Q7-32)) 5 eural IN. Vo, 57::786.. 1808. 6. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:356. 7. Can. Hort., 22:240. 1899. 8. Amer. Gard., 20:124, 782. 1899. figs. 9. Van Deman, Rural N. Y., 58:688. 1809. MmDcdciM VAN. Yanilon. Soc iept, 1900585. Ii. Wauch,) Vt. Sta. An, Rpt., Heoomigol, 612. Can. Hort. 25°47. 1902) 13. Rural N. Y., 612626: 1002: 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903:49. 15. Rural N. Y., 62:809. 1903. SMNUON VMS. SIG MARCK (2) 93.04.8505 7.9), Il, 12, 13, 14, 15). BISMARK (10). Prince Bismark (1). Prince Bismark (10). Bismarck is evidently related to the Aport group of apples. In size and general appearance it somewhat resembles Alexander. Fruit large, attractive in color, suitable for kitchen and market purposes but inferior in dessert qualities. It ranks about with Alexander and Wolf River in quality. It begins to ripen in October and its season extends from October to early winter. It has not been tested enough in this country to demonstrate its market value. The tree is dwarfish, healthy, hardy, comes into bearing very young, is a reliable cropper and very productive. Even when grown as standards the trees may he planted muck more closely together than ordinary commercial varieties. Historical. Originated in the Province of Canterbury, New Zealand. In- troduced into this country from England about ten years ago. TREE. Tree dwarfish with very short, stout, drooping branches. Form spreading, open. Jwigs short, curved, moderately stout; internodes medium. Bark dull brownish, tinged with green, lightly coated with scarf-skin, pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium to large, oval, slightly raised. Buds medium in size, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit very large or large, rather uniform in size and shape. Form round- ish oblate to roundish conic, flattened at the base, pretty regular; sides often 20 THE APPLES OF NEw YORK. unequal. Stem short to medium, thick. Cavity usually rather large, acumi- nate, moderately wide to wide, deep, often compressed, greenish or russet with outspreading russet rays. Calyx large, open; lobes short, rather broad, nearly obtuse. Basin large to very large, usually symmetrical, deep, moder- ately wide to wide, very abrupt, sometimes broadly and irregularly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin rather thick, tough, smooth, greenish or yellow washed, mottled and striped with two shades of red becoming solid dark red on the exposed cheek, overspread with thin bloom and often marked with thin scarf-skin about the base. Dots minute and russet or large and pale gray. Prevailing effect attractive red with less of a striped appearance than Alexander. Calyx tube wide, broadly conical to somewhat funnel-form. Stamens basal. Core medium to rather small, axile to somewhat abaxile; cells closed or sometimes open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels flat, broadly ovate to nearly cordate, tufted. Seeds few, often abortive, medium size, rather wide, short, plump, obtuse to acute, medium brown. Flesh nearly white, moderately firm, coarse, rather tender, juicy, subacid, sprightly, fair to good or nearly good. Season October to early winter. BLACK ANNETTE. REFERENCES. I. Elliott, 1854:167. 2. ? Warder, 1867:713. 3. Downing, 1869 :90. Synonyms. None. A rather small dark red apple formerly grown to a limited extent in some sections of New York and other Eastern states. Season November and De- cember. It is now practically obsolete: here. The Black Annette mentioned by Hansen when grown in Central Iowa keeps through the winter which indicates that it is distinct from the variety here described. See Vol. I. BLENHEIM., REFERENCES. I. Turner, London Hort. Soc. Trans., 3:322. 1819. 2. For- syth, 1824:134. 3. Pom. Mag., 1:No. 28. 1828. col. pl. 4. Ronalds, 183x :61. fig. 5. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 104. 6. Kenrick, 1832:72. 7. Floy- Lindley, 1833:20. 8. Downing, 1845:81. 9. Horticultunist es ssommeuerye 10. Phomas, 1849:144. 11. Emmons, Nat. Hist. No VY.) 3 -2oneresieeenenele liott, 1854:167. 13. Hooper, 1857:19. 14. Lucas, Ed.) ME andoesOesic. 1:515. 1859. 15. Warder, 1867:713. 16. Regel, 1:461. 1868. 17. Berghuis, 1868:No: 61. col. pl. 18. Fult. Jour. Hort, 7-166. 1870. 19) Dowmime, 1872 :3 .app. 20. Leroy, 1873:130. fig. 21. Am. Pom: SocuCapeaeegseo: 22. Lauche; 1882:No. 36. col. pl. 23: Bensel, Rural Neve enzo gemacs: 24. Hogg, 1884:24. 25. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:288. 26. Can. Hort., 15:40, 72, Ill, 124, 156, 188, 206. 1802. 27. Bailey, Am. Hori. rag2: 235: 28. Can. Hort., 10:113, 200: 1893. 29, Bredsted, 2-157, 1cosum soo me Fr, Stas. An. Rpt., 1:24. 1804. 31. Gaucher, 1894 No.8. col play eeanGarn: and. For., 9:15. 1800; 33. Bunyard, Jour, Roy, Hore Soc. 1s9e-s5 ses expe ADELA es \ (0 G poonpo 2) MO dVAS ld THE Apples OF NEw YoRK. 21 Amer. Gard., 19:344. 1808. 35. Can. Hort., 24:353. 1901. figs. 36. Ont. Fr. Sias. An. Rpt., 8:6. 19001. figs. 37. Eneroth-Smirnoff, 1901:197. 38. Ma- coummean. Dept. Agr, Bul, 37-40, Tool. 39. Budd-Hansen, 1903;:51. 40. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sia. Bul., 248:113. 1904. Synonyms. Belle d’ Angers (31). BLENHEIM (20, 23, 34, 35, 36, 30, 40). Bilenhem (5, 18, 10). BreNHEIW ORANGE (1, 2, 4, 6, 13, 15, 26, 28, 32, 33). Bienwvenmn: Oranze (3, 5, 7,6, 10, 11, 12, 18, 10) 20, 24, 31, 34, 35, 36, 30, 40). DEBE IPPING (357, O70, 10, 1h, 12, 160, 17, 18, 10, 21, 24,25, 27, 20, 30, 38). Blenhewm Pippin (6, 20, 26, 28, 31, 34, 35, 36, 30, 40). BLENHEIMSRENETT (327). Bloommg Orange (18, 10, 31). Dredge’s Fane (31). Dutch Mig- nonne, err. (18, 19). Gloucester Pippin (31). GOLDREINETTE VON BLENHEIM (14, 22, 31). Goldreinette von Blenheim (20). Impératrice Eugénie (31). Kempster's Pippin (18, 10, 20, 24, 31, 32). Lorp NELSon (incorrectly in some nursery catalogues). Lucius Apfel (31). Northampton (31). Northwick Pippin (5, 18, 19, 20, 24, 31). Orange Blenheim (31). Orange Pippin (31). Perle d’Angleterre (31). Prince of Wales (31). Pomme de Blenheim (31). Remetie de Blenheim (31). Ward's Pippin (31). Woodstock (2, 35, 36). WagodstOGre up pii. (335, 0) 7, 8; 10; IT, 12. 18, 10; 20,24, 31, 34). Fruit large to very large, yellow, more or less -washed and striped with red, attractive in appearance and of excellent qual:ty. The commercial season in the southeastern portions of the State is October. In Western New York it comes into season with the Twenty Ounce and keeps into early winter (31). Often specimens of it may be kept much later. Macoun gives its season in Ontario asmNovemmerrand December (28), Whe fruit is desirable both tor home and market uses but the variety is usually unsatisfactory for commercial planting because it is not a good keeper, is variable in season and commonly suffers cons:derable loss in drops and culls. In some locations, however, it is considered a good profit- able variety. Origin Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England. It found its way into the Lon- don nurseries about the year 1818 (24). Although it has long been known in portions of New York and adjacent states and in Canada in no part of this region has it assumed very great commercial importance. TREE. Tree large, vigorous, productive, bearing its fruit singly and evenly dis- tributed. Form upright spreading. Twigs very stout. Bark clear, light reddish-brown becoming dark. Fruit. Fruit usually large or above medium. Form roundish oblate to roundish inclined to conic, usually pretty regular and symmetrical, sometimes a little 22 THE APPLES OF NEw YORK. furrowed at the apex. Stem short to medium. Cavity below medium to rather large, rather narrow to wide, moderately deep to deep, acute to acumi- nate, usually symmetrical, sometimes compressed or lipped, covered with rus- set which often extends beyond the cavity. Calyx large or very large; seg- ments flat, separated at base plainly exposing the yellowish tube beneath; lobes obtuse. Basin large, broad, shallow and obtuse to deep and abrupt, somewhat furrowed and slightly wrinkled. Skin moderately thin and tough, deep yellow overspread with a rather dull pinkish-red, in highly colored specimens developing a deep and rather bright red somewhat roughened in places with netted capillary russet lines. Dots numerous, small or conspicuously large and russet. Prevailing effect rather attractive red and yellow. Calyx tube short, very wide, cone-shape. . Stamens median to somewhat basal. Core medium or below, axile or somewhat abaxile; cells often unequally developed, closed or partly open; core lines meeting. Carpels flat, tufted, emarginate. Seeds few and frequently abortive, irregular, often not plump, long, acute to acuminate, tufted. Flesh tinged with yellow, rather firm, moderately juicy, crisp, moderately fine grained or a little coarse, somewhat aromatic, agreeable sprightly sub- acid, becoming rather mild subacid, good to very good; excellent either for dessert or culinary use. Season. It is at its best from October to December but often may be kept until midwinter or later. BLUSHED CAEVIECE: REFERENCES. I. Budd, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1882:80. 2. Schroeder, Mon- treal Hort. Soc: Rpt., 1886-87 :72. 3. Budd, Can, Morin =a-223 enemas: 4. 1b., Rural N. Y., 472602. 1888. 5. 1b. la: Agr. Coll, Bulla asQee tee Can. Hort., 13;216:-18090.- 7: Ib. Ja. Sta Bul- 10/535 oO cae eoae eur Minn. Sta. Bul., 32:241. 1803.° 9. Munson, Me. Sige kprrsgoe ee: Thomas, 1897:265. fg. 11. Hansen, S. DD! Sita. Bull 7oes2 sane 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :52. SYNONYMS. -BLUSHED CALVILLE (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12). ALVIELE INGUNSINGONe (Ob). aA)" 2a sl (Cig & We Sis 2). Blushed Calville is said to be hardy and desirable in northern apple-grow- ing regions (11). As fruited at this Station the tree does not come into bearing very young and is not very productive. It is not recommended for planting in this state. Historical. Origin Russia. TREE. Tree rather small, moderately vigorous with short, stout branches. Form upright spreading, open. Twigs medium in length, curved and stout with large terminal buds; internodes long. Bark brownish mingled with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium in size, round, slightly raised. Buds prominent, large, broad, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent. BLENHEIM THE Apples oF NEW YORK. 22 FRuIT. Fruit medium to large, fairly uniform in shape and size. Form roundish conical, ribbed; sides unequal. Stem usually long and slender. Cavity acute to acuminate, rather narrow to moderately wide, moderately deep, some- times russeted. Calyx large, closed or open. Basin medium in width and depth to wide and deep, a little abrupt, wrinkled. Skin light green or yellowish, sometimes blushed. Calyx tube broad, cone-shaped. Stamens median. Core very large, abaxile; cells wide open; core lines clasping. Secds medium in size, acute. Flesh whitish, firm, rather coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, fair to good. Season early summer. BONUM. REFERENCES. I. Robey, Horticulturist, 11:89. 1856. 2. Downing, 1857: Poni eon SoG Cat., 1800:240; 4. Warder, 186077424. fg. 5. Leroy, noeeingaiie. 960. Lhomas, 1875-1900. 7. Barty, 1883 :343. 8. Bailey, An. IAG eeteg2e235- 9. Dempsey, Ont Fr. Sias. An. Rpt, 2:32. 1805. 10. Bur- Dilan vViceluer M1). Sia. Bul. -A5-315. ré06. rm. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bul, iota OO eT2 eowell and Hulton, Ul S. Bs Po I. Bul: 48:38. 1002. 13. Budd-Hansen, 1903:54. fig. SONS bOoNUM (i 2, 3.°4, 5, 6, 7, 8 0, 10, 11, 12; 13). Magnum Bonum (2, 4, 5, 7). This is a southern variety of very good quality when grown under fevor- able conditions. It is in season during late fall and early winter. Probably it is not well adapted to regions as far north as New York, for although it has long been cultivated it is practically unknown among New York fruit growers. Historical. Origin Davidson county, N. C. It was entered on the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in i860, dropped from the list in 1862 and reéntered in 1869. According to Bailey’s Inventory of North American Apples (8) it is now propagated but little by nurserymen. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading or roundish, open. Twigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout; internodes medium. Bark dall brown, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, small, round, not raised. Buds medium in size, flat, acute, free, not pubescent. Imei (2; zl, Os 54 13))- Fruit medium to large. Form oblate, regular. Stem long, slender to moderately thick, green. Cavity medium to large, deep, regular, often with a little green russet. Calyx large, closed. Basin medium in width, shallow, wrinkled. ~ Skin smooth, yellow, mostly covered with crimson and dark red, striped. Dots distinct, large, light with some having a dark center. Calyx tube funnel-form Stamens marginal. 24 Tue AppLes oF NEw York. Core small; cells closed; core lines scarcely meeting. Carpels ovate. Seeds numerous, large, plump. Flesh white, often stained next to the skin, firm, fine, tender, juicy, aro- matic, mild subacid, very good for dessert. Season September to November. BOROVINKA. REFERENCES. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rept., 8:37. 188162) )2200G) eas. 1e81-82. 3. Budd, va. Hort. Soc Kpt., 1882:50. 4. Gibb, ip tssaee 5. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt, 9:80: 1683: fg. 6. Budd, Jan AecraColeeaa. 1885:0. 7. £ Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Kp, 1886-57712 oe 1886-87:79. 9. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt, 1888:571. 10) Buddeiaav2e. Coll. Bul., 1890:18. 11. Can. Hort., 132216, 18090. “12, Buddiyigny 5S aaaame 192536. 1802: 13: Harris, U.S. Pom. Rpt, 18923272, 276. tA aera Pom. Soc. Rpi., 1892758. 15. Niemetz, Can. Hort, 1020s eee Green, Minn. Sta. Bul., 32:240. 1803. 17. Stinson, Av. Sid.) ae 1896. 18. Fhomas, 1897:629. 19. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat, 1807-12. 2osma sen, S. D. Sta. Bul), 76:33. 1002. 21.) Farrand, Mich, Sige 0 -eeeye 1903. 22. Budd-Hansen, 1903:54. fig. SYNONYMS. ‘BoROVINKA: (1, 5, 6, 8, 0, 10) Ll, 12,13) 14) 15s 1s n anne 21, 22). Borovinka (4). Borovirsky (18). BorovinKA ANGLUSKAIA (2, 3). (ENGLISH BorovinKA, 7)? MusHroom (4). Mushroom (5). 9 M (2, a) INOS Batt (GO, @), iO), 02, 7) Borovinka resembles Oldenburg so closely that Hansen says the question of their identity has not been settled (20): As iruited at this’ staniommteedts distinct from Oldenburg; it is fully as attractive as Oldenburg in color but it lacks uniformity in size and is not equal to that variety in flavor and quality. The stock grown at this Station came from Professor J. L. Budd, Ames, Ia., in 1890, and is doubtless the true Borovinka. Historical. Origin Russia. TREE. Tree below medium size but moderately vigorous. Form upright spread- ing to rather flat, open. Jwigs short, curved, stout; internodes short. Bark dark brown, lightly mottlec with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium to large, oblong, slightly raised. Buds prominent, medium in size, broad, plump, obtuse to acute, free, not pubescent. ERUIT. Fruit below medium to large, averaging medium; pretty uniform in shape but not in size. Form roundish, slightly flattened at the ends, regular or faintly ribbed. Stem medium in length, thick. Cavity acute, rather shallow to moderately deep, moderately broad, slightly furrowed, sometimes with faint radiating rays of russet. Calyx medium to rather large, closed; lobes broad. Basin medium to rather deep, wide, somewhat abrupt, slightly fur- rowed, occasionally showing mammiform protuberances. THE APpLes oF NEw YORK. 25 Skin thin, very tender, smooth, pale yellow, often entirely covered with broken stripes and irregular splashes of attractive bright red, overspread with thin bluish bloom. Dots numerous, conspicuous, very small, light colored. Calyx tube large, rather wide, urn-shape to funnel-form widening in the lower part of the funnel cylinder. Stamens median to marginal. Core small to medium, axile; cells closed or nearly so; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish, somewhat concave, mucronate, not emarginate. Seeds medium to rather large, moderately wide, plump, somewhat obtuse, dark brown. Flesh tinged with yellow, medium in grain, crisp, tender, moderately juicy to juicy, agreeable subacid, slightly aromatic, good. Season mid-August to mid-September. BOSKOOP. REFERENCES. 1. Berghuis, 1868: col. pl. No. 43. 2. Oberdieck, Monatshefte, 1869:103. 3. Oberdieck, Deutschlands beste Obstsorten, 212. 4. Lauche, Erganzungsband zum Ill. Handb., 265. 5. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 7:56, LC weroomnO. Wowmine, 1881-77 app. ng. 7- Budd, Ia. Hort. Soc. 1882: 8. Barry, 1883 :342. -9. Willard, W.-N. Y. Hort. Soc., 1889:171 (reprint in Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1889:329). 10. Palandt, Gartenflora, 38:425. 18809. col. pl. Pie hOCiom Odio.) 12 32386. 1880, 12, Batley, An. Hori., 1892:234. 13. batlevseiwemnGara., TA50l, 1803. 14. Craig, Can. Hort., 16:138. 1803. fg. 15. Bredsted, 1893:233. 16. Gaucher, Pomologie, 1894:No. 20. col. pl. iPeoeacnmanduCGlank, WV, VarSta., Bul. 248°113. ood: SYNONYMS. BELLE DE Boscoop (11). BELLE oF BoskKoop (9). BELLE DE BOSKOORM (Om Zo l2) 13, 14, 15).- Belle de Boseoop (16, 17). BosKoor (5, 17). Reimette Belle de Boskoop (16). Reinette Monstrueuse (16). Rei- nette von Montfort (16). SCHONER VON BoskoopP (2, 3, 4, 10, 16). SCHOONE von Bosxoop (1). Schoone van Boskoop (16). In some locations this fruit becomes highly colored with attractive bright red predominating, but more often +he color is not good, being predominantly dull green or yellow and more or less zusseted. It is more suitable for gen- eral market and culinary purposes than for dessert. It is of good size but does not rank high in quality; the texture is somewhat coarse, and the flavor rather too acid for an agreeable dessert apple, but late in the season its acidity becomes modified. It appears to be pretty hardy and a good bearer. When grown on warm soils in Southern New York it may be marketed in September, but in the more northern regions of the state it keeps into the winter. It is perhaps of sufficient merit to be worthy of testing but we are not yet ready to recommend it for general planting. Historical. This variety is said to have originated from seed in 1856 in the nursery of the Ottolander family at Boskoop (1, 4). Palandt finds that it is identical with the variety described by Lauche and Oberdieck as “ Rei- nette von Montfort” (4). It was imported into this country more than twenty-five years ago (5) and has gradually been disseminated to a limited extent in various portions of New York state. 26 ‘THr APPLES oF New York. TREE. Tree rather large, moderately vigorous; branches long, moderately stout, crooked; lateral branches numerous and small. Form open, wide-spreading and drooping. Twigs rather short to long, straight, rather stout; internodes below medium to very long. Bark dark brownish-red, mingled with olive- green; somewhat pubescent. Lenticels numerous, conspicuous, small, oblong or roundish. Buds rather large, broad, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent. Leaves large, broad. Fruit. Fruit large. Form usually oblate, sometimes roundish oblate, obscurely ribbed, sometimes with oblique axis; pretty uniform in size and shape. Stem usually short and thick, sometimes rather long. Cavity rather large, acute to acuminate, somewhat furrowed, often irregular, deep, russeted. Calyx large; segments long or very long, acuminate, closed or somewhat open, sometimes separated at the base. Basin abrupt, rather narrow, mod- erately shallow to rather deep, sometimes slightly furrowed. Skin dull green or yellowish, sometimes blushed and mottled with rather bright red, and striped with deeper red, roughened with russet flecks, often irregularly overspread with russet. Dots small and gray, mingled with others which are large, irregular and russet. Calyx tube large, cone-shape. Stamens median to basal. Core medium to small, somewhat abaxile; cells often unsymmetrical, closed or open; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels roundish or obcordate, ‘a little tufted. Seeds apt to be abortive; when well developed they are long, irregular, obtuse to acute, somewhat tufted. Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, somewhat coarse, tender, juicy, crisp, brisk subacid, good to very good. Season. Commercial season September to November (17). As grown in Western New York generally some of the fruit may be kept till April. BOUGH SWEET. This variety is also known as Bough Apple, Large Yellow Bough, Sweet Bough and Summer Sweet Bough. It is listed in the late catalogues of the American Pomological Society! as Bough, Sweet but most nurserymen list it as Sweet Bough.’ We prefer to recognize the name commonly accepted by nursery- men and accordingly have described the variety under the name Sweet Bough. See page 2106. BRESKOVKA. REFERENCES. I. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87 -80. 2. Budd, Can. Hort., 11-246. 1888. 3. Tb., Rural N. Vo 147-002. tSSGssey elon: Aer. Col. Bul. 1890:17. 5. 1b., Ta. Sta. Bul., 19:535. 1802. 6. Greeny Mann. 1 Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:12. 2 Bailey, An. Hort. 1892:235, 250. Tue Apptes oF NEw York. ZG] Sta. Bul., 32:240. 1893. 7. Thomas, 1897:629. 8. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:34. 1902. 9. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :56. Sunonwus, DBRESKOVKA (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9). 12M (©, 3,4, 5, 8,9). A hardy Russian variety of Yellow Transparent type, in season during late August and early September. The flesh quickly discolors as the ripening season advances. It is rather attractive in color for a yellow apple but does not average above medium size and it is not equal to Yellow Trans- parent in either flavor or quality. Not recommended for growing in New York. BUNKER HILL. REFERENCE. 1. Downing, 1872:4 app. fig. Synonyms. None. This variety has been planted to some extent in Central New York and is regarded by some fruit growers in that region as a profitable commercial sort. The tree is large, upright spreading, vigorous to moderately vigorous with long, spreading, moderately stout twigs. It is hardy, healthy, medium to long-lived and a reliable cropper, usually bearing heavy crops biennially. The fruit is subacid and good either for dessert or culinary uses. It is in season from mid-autumn to early winter. Historical. Originated in the orchard of Dr. Paige, Dryden, Tompkins county; N. YY: (1). Fruit (1). “Fruit medium, roundish conical, regular; skin pale whitish-yellow shaded, mottled, striped and splashed with two shades of red, rather thinly over two-thirds of the surface, and moderately sprinkled with light dots, a few being areole; stalk short, slender; cavity medium or large, a little greenish; calyx closed; basin medium, slightly corrugated; flesh quite white, some- times a little stained next the skin, fine, tender, juicy, subacid, vinous, slight quince-like flavor; very good; core rather small.” BUY TER. REFERENCES. I. Elliott, 1854:125,159,174. 2. Downing, 1857:125. 3. Warder, 1867:302. 4. Downing, 1869:112. 5. Fitz, 1872:152. 6. Thomas, nO Os 72 wacan, UL S. B. P. I. Bul., 56:60. 1005. Synonyms. None. Downing describes a variety under this name which is above medium size, yellow, with whitish flesh, very sweet and rich, valuable for cooking and esteemed for making apple butter; season September and October (2, 4). Other varieties have been known under the name Butter which, as Downing remarks, “appears to be a favorite name with some to apply to any good | sweet apple for sauce or cooking.” The references above cited do not all refer to the same variety. 28 THE APPLES OF NEw YORK. CABASHEA, REFERENCES. I. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1849:350. 2. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 32103. 1851. 3. Warder, 1867-714, 4. Ditonmiassems 95 ees Beach, Apples of New York, 1:91. 1905. SYNONYMS. CABASHEA (1, 3, 4, 5). Cabashea (2). CABASHIE (2). The name Cabashea has been applied by many pomologists to the variety commonly known among fruit growers and fruit dealers as Twenty Ounce Pippin (5), an apple which comes in season about with Tompkins King. The variety which is generally known in Western New York as Cabashea comes in season about with the true Twenty Ounce but it is not so good a keeper. In 1851 Emmons published a cut of a section of this Cabashea showing well its characteristically oblate form. Emmons remarked, “ This apple is more remarkable for its size than for its valuable qualities. It is not, however, an inferior apple. For cooking it is cer- tainly esteemed, as it has a pleasant and agreeable taste. It is, however, too large.” The tree is hardy, healthy, medium to long- lived, and a pretty regular cropper, yielding moderate to rather light crops nearly annually... It is not considered a good commercial variety because it is not sufficiently productive and the fruit does not sell very well. Historical. This variety appears to be a Western New York seedling (1). It is now seldom or never planted. TREE. Tree medium size, moderately vigorous. Form erect or somewhat spread- ing. Twigs medium to long, curved, spreading, stout to rather slender; internodes medium. Bark reddish-brown tinged with olive-green, streaked with scarf-skin, heavily pubescent near tips. Lenticels conspicuous, scat- tering, large, oval, raised. Buds large, broad, obtuse, free, pubescent; tips stout. FRUIT. Fruit large to very large, fairly uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate to decidely flat, obscurely ribbed; sides somewhat unequal. Stem usually short, moderately slender. Cavity acute, deep, very broad, often somewhat furrowed, much russeted with greenish russet often extending beyond the cavity. Calyx large or sometimes medium, usually closed; lobes long, medium in width, acute. Basin large, deep, wide, somewhat furrowed, unsymmetrical. CABASHEA THE AppLes OF NEW York. 29 Skin moderately tender, smooth, slightly unctuous, yellowish-green mottled and blushed with yellowish-red, with broad stripes and splashes of brighter and deeper red. Dots small, inconspicuous, often submerged. Prevailing color in many specimens yellowish-green with broad stripes of faint red; in more highly-colored specimens the red striping becomes quite distinct. Calyx tube large, wide, conical. Stamens basal. Core large, decidely abaxile; cells wide open; core lines meeting. Car- fels elongated ovate, distinctly concave, slightly tufted. Seeds few, medium size, irregular, plump, obtuse, dark. Flesh greenish or tinged somewhat with yellow, rather firm, coarse, crisp, juicy, subacid or quite acid, fair for dessert, good for cooking. Season September and October. CATHEAD. IRPRPRENGES. 1. Forsyth, 1803:56. 2. Coxe, 1817:133. fig. 3. Thacher, 1822:122. 4. Floy-Lindley, 1833:48. 5. Downing, 1845:103. 6. Thomas, 1949 :179. 7. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:86. 1851. 8. Elliott, 1854 :168. GawWarder 1867:715. 10. Leroy, 1873:842. fig. 11. Hogg, 1884 :41. SYNONYMS. CATHEAD (2, 3, 8). Cathead Greening (5, 6, 8). CATSHEAD (4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11). Catshead (4, 10). Catshead Greening (10). Costard (4). Costard Ray (7). Coustard (4). De Seigneur dAutomne (10). Grosse-Schafnasé (10). Round Catshead (5, 8, 10). Schafnasé (10). Tete d’Ange (10). TETE DE CHAT (I0). Formerly grown in some of the home orchards of the state but now practi- cally obsolete. Fruit very large, pale green, subacid. Used for cooking and evaporating. An old English variety. Ray described it as long ago as T6088 (4). GERES TTA. REFERENCES. 1. Warder, 1867:530. fig. 2. Downing, 1869:122. 3. Fitz, 1872:173. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:236. 5. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:52. 1902. 6. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:114, 1904. Synonyms. None. Fruit not particularly attractive in color and as tested at this Station not superior to ordinary varieties in quality. Warder says (1) that it is es- sentially an amateur’s fruit of very best quality but its texture and color disqualify it for market. The tree is a moderate grower and not very productive. Not recommended for cultivation in New York. Historical. Originated from seed of Stillwater Sweet by L. S. Mote, Miami county, Ohio (1). TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with short, stout, curved branches. Form up- right spreading, roundish, rather dense. wigs short to moderately long, slightly curved, moderately slender; internodes medium to long. Bark clear brownish-red with some olive-green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels numerous, small to medium, elongated or roundish, 30 THe Apples OF NEw York. slightly raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse to somewhat acute, free, slightly pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium to large, usually above medium, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish inclined to conic, somewhat flattened at the base, markedly ribbed, irregular, somewhat angular. Stem medium to long, thick. Cavity obtuse to somewhat acute, moderately deep to deep, rather broad, somewhat furrowed, usually russeted. Calyx medium in size, usually closed; lobes medium in length, rather narrow, acute. Basin shallow, narrow, rather abrupt, much furrowed and wrinkled. Skin thick, smooth, rather tender, yellow marbled with pale green, and occasionally having a thin brownish blush. Dots numerous, smail, incon- spicuous, submerged, light or russet. Calyx tube very long to medium, deep, funnel-shape. Stamens median to somewhat marginal. Core large, very abaxile to sometimes axile; cells open or closed; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels elliptic to broadly obcordate, much concave, emarginate, much tufted. Seeds large, wide, long, obtuse, dark dull brown. Flesh very strongly tinged with yellow, rather firm, moderately coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, pleasant, rather mild, subacid, good. Season October to January. CHAMPLAIN. REFERENCES. I. N. E. Farmer, 1853 (cited by 14). 2. Downing, 1857 :128. 3. Warder, 1867:637. 4. Downing, 1869:368. fig. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1871:10. 6. Leroy, 1873:828: fg. 97. Thomas, 1875 107,400; —05-ebonny 1883 :334. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:245. 10. [b., 1892:250. 11. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:12. 12. Waugh, Vt. Sia. An. Rpt, 14-200 19 orn eadee= Hansen, 1903::61. 14. Ragan, U2 S.B! P21 Bul 56 -300mernaars Synonyms. Calkin’s Pippin (4, 14). CHAMPLAIN (1, 2, 3, 5, II, 12, 13, 14). Champlain (4, 6, 7, 8. 14). Geneva Pearmain (4, 6, 14). Haverstraw Pippin (4, 14). Large Golden Pippin (4, 6, 14). Nyack (9, 13). Nyack Pippin (9). Nyack Pippm (4, 14). Paper (3, 4, 6, 14). Paper-Skimete ae Sourbough (13). Sour Bough (4, 6, 7, 14). SUMMER PrepIn (4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 14). Summer Pippin (13,14). Tart Bough (4, 6, 14). Underdunk (4, 6, 14). Vermont (14). Walworth (4, 6, 14). Nurserymen sometimes list this variety as Nyack, and sometimes as Summer Pippin, but seldom or never as Champlain (9, Io). Fruit of good size, smooth and attractive for a greenish-yellow apple. It is good for dessert and excellent for culinary use. Since it ripens in succession from late August till October, more than two pickings are required to secure the crop in good condition, neither too green nor too ripe. The tree is a good grower, hardy, CHAMPLAIN THE AppLes OF NEw York. 31 healthy, and moderately long-lived. It comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable cropper, yielding good crops biennially or almost annually. Some find Champlain a profitable commercial variety, but usually it is grown for home use rather than for market. Historical. Origin unknown. In 1871 (5) it was included in the list of the American Pomological Society's Catalogue under the name Summer Pippin, but since 1897 it has been listed as Champlain (11). Old trees of it are frequently found in the home orchards throughout the state. It is now seldom planted. TREE. Tree medium to large, vigorous with long and moderately stout branches. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs long to medium, straight, moderately stout; internodes long. Bark dull brown tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, heavily pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, appressed, pubescent. FRuIt. Fruit medium to large, not very uniform in size or shape. Form round- ish, rather conical to ovate or somewhat oblong, irregularly ribbed; sides somewhat unequal. Stem medium to long, medium to rather thick. Cavity acuminate to acute, moderately shallow to deep, rather narrow to medium in. width, sometimes furrowed and usually lightly russeted. Calyx small to medium, closed or slightly open. Basin shallow to medium in depth, nar- row, a little abrupt, nearly smooth. Skin tender, greenish-yellow or pale yellow, often with a light crimson blush. Dots numerous, small, russet or submerged. Calyx tube conical to funnel-form, usually rather short but sometimes elongated. Stamens median to marginal. Core large, axile to somewhat abaxile; cells open; core lines clasp the funnel cylinder. Carpels smooth, elongated ovate, not emarginate. Seeds rather dark brown, medium size, rather narrow and short, plump, sharp pointed, almost acuminate. Flesh white or with slight tinge of yellow, rather fine, very tender, juicy, sprightly, subacid, good to very good. Season late August till October. CHANDLER, REFERENCES. 1. Kenrick, 1835:65. 2. Floy-Lindley, 1846:410, app. Bbhonias, 1649-104. 4. Cole, 18497122 5. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:67. 1851. 6. Elliott, 1854:168. 7. Downing, 1857:128. 8. Hooper, 1857 :24. g. Warder, 1867:715. 10. Downing, 1869:122. 11. Fitz, 1872 :160. SmNonyvwse) CrrANDeER (i 2) 354 5. O71 c OF LO, 11). Chandlers Red (11). General Chandler (1). Late Chandler (10). Winter Chandler (6). 32 THe Apples OF NEw York. ‘In 1854 Elliott included Chandler in a list of varieties unworthy of cultiva- tion (6). It is a late fall apple, yellowish striped with red. Tree moderately vigorous but a great bearer (7, 10). An old variety supposedly of Con- necticut origin though Kenrick (1) ascribes it to Chelmsford, Mass. There may be a confusion of two varieties. It is now but little cultivated. Waugh describes another Chandler of sweet flavor which seems to be un- known in New York. He states that it is an old variety of Connecticut origin. FRUIT 1G5.16,972010)) Fruit large. Form roundish, slightly oblate, irregular, unsymmetrical; sides unequal. Stem short. Skin greenish-yellow, shaded and frequently striped with yellowish-red and with a few streaks of bright red. Dots light gray. Core small. Seeds small. Flesh greenish-yellow, tender, juicy, moderately rich, subacid. Season mid-autumn to early winter. CHARLAMOFF. REFERENCES. I. (?) Manning, Ju7lt. Jour. Hort., 6:349. 1869. 2. Budd, Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880:525. 3. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881:53, 156. 4. [b., 1881-82:38. 5. [b:; 1883 :33. 6. Gibb, Jas Bor Some premesaess. 7. Ia. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:10. 8. Schroeder, Montreal Hori. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87 :77. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:236. 10. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892°57, 58. II. Butz; Pa. Sta. Rpt, 1895:134. col. pl 22 eee Cat., 1899:16. 13. Budd, Ja. Sta. Bul., 41:66. 1899. 14. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Bul., 37:37. I001-: 15. Hansen, S. DD. Siar Bull 76-45 seeeuen 16. Budd-Hansen, 1903:61. fig. Synonyms. Avabka (14). CHARLAMOFF (2, 3, 6, G)-O) TON 2. oeeES): Charlamoff (3). (CHARLOMOSKI, I)? CHARLAMOVSKOE (4). CHARLAMOW- SKOE (3, 5). Charlamowskoe (6,7). No. 105 (8). No. 262 (3, 5). Peter- son's Charlamoff (16). PorntEp PipKA (11). Poimted Pipka (14, 16). A Russian variety of the Oldenburg type imported for the Iowa Agri- cultural College by J. L. Budd. Macoun states that it has been grown under several d fferent names in this country, the most common being Pointed Pipka and Arabka (14). Hansen declares that it is entirely distinct from the Charlamoff as grown by J. G. Mitchell and A. G. Tuttle which is a flat apple of upright habit of tree and not as valuable as many more of the same season. It does very well at Ottawa, Canada, and further north. At its best it is a good dessert apple but it has the fault of remaining in prime condition for only a very short time (14). It ripens a little earlier than Oldenburg but as fruited at this Station is inferior to that variety in quality. It comes into bearing young and is a reliable cropper, yielding fair to heavy crops bienni- ally. It is but little known among New York fruit growers. It may be found of some value in those sections of the state where superior hardiness is a prime requisite. THE AppLes OF NEw YorK. 33 CHEESEBORO, REFERENCES. 1. Mag. Hort., 17:263. 1851. 2. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., aeecor pl. No. 20. 1851. °3. Elliott; 18547068) 4. Downing, 1857-211. 5. Hooper, 1857:25. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1860:243. 7. Warder, 1867 :522. 8. Thomas, 1875:496. 9. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:291. 1901. 10. Ragan, Peso. fs Bul. 56-70. 1905. SYNONYMS. Canada Reinette (9). Cathead (9). CHEESEBORO (IO). CHEESEBORO'S RUSSET (6). CHEESBOROUGH (7). CHEESEBOROUGH (2, Q). CHEESEBOROUGH RUSSET (1, 3, 4, 5, 8). Checeseborough Russet (9, 10). For- ever Pippin (10, of some West 3, 5). Howard Russet (3,-4, 5, 10). Kings- bury Russet (3, 4, 5, 10). Oxheart (9). Pumpkin Sweet of some (10). Sweet Russet (10). York Russet (10, of some 3, 5). York Russeting (10). This is an old variety of unknown origin which is fast becoming obsolete. Tree large to very large, very vigorous, long-lived, a reliable cropper yielding good to heavy crops biennially or almost annually; form upright spreading or roundish. Fruit large to very large, conical, dull green overspread with thin russet, coarse, rather dry, subacid or becoming almost sweet, inferior in flavor and quality, suitable for kitchen use only; season October to early winter. CHENANGO. REFERENCES. I. Horticulturist, 9:475. 1854. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1869. pe Mawmimde £609-124. fe. 4. Thomas, 1875:100. 5. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879 :472. 6. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:24. 7. Barry, 1883 :337. 8. Wick- SomemEssge2444..Q. lyon, Mich, ort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:200. 10. Bailey, An. Hori £892:230. 11. Ib., 1892:2490. 12. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893 7132. Pennine and McCluer, fil Sta. Bul., 452317. ‘1806. 14. Waugh, Vt. Sta. AeipietA:2Or. Toor. 5. Alwood, Va. Sia. Bul., 130:120. roor. 16. W.N. Veo SOG. IPt.. 1901-76, 17. Hansen, S. D:. Sta. Bul., 76:30. 1902. 18. Can. Hort., 26:345. 1903. figs. 19. Budd-Hansen, 1903:62. 20. Farrand, Machs Sta. Bul. 205:A4. 1903. 21. Bruner, N. C. Sta. Bul., 182:20. 1903. 22. beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:115. 1904. SYNONYMS. Buckley (3,4). CHENANGO (2, 9, I0, 14, 16, 17, 18, 10, 20, Zia? ee CHENANGO OTRAWBERRY (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 15). Chenango Strawberry (10, 11, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22). CHENANGO Strawberry (12). Frank (3, 4). Jackson (3, 4). SHERWoopD’s Favorite (11). Sherwood’s Favorite ean 7 24 17-15, 10, 22). Smyrna (3). . Strawberry (1, 3, 4). Fruit beautiful in appearance, yellowish-white striped with red, of excellent dessert quality and good also for culinary uses. The tree is an early and regular bearer, hardy, healthy, and pretty long- lived. Under favorable conditions it is an annual bearer, alter- nating rather light with heavy crops. The fruit begins to mature in September and ripens continuously during a period of several weeks. For this reason it should have more than one picking in order to secure the crop in the best condition. The latest ripening 34 THe Apples OF NEw York. fruit may be kept in ordinary storage till November, but after that the color fades and it deteriorates much in quality, even though it may remain apparently sound (22). The fruit does not ship well because its flesh is too tender. Some find it a profitable vari- ety to grow for local or special markets, but other varieties of its season are more desirable than Chenango for general commercial planting. It is recommended as an excellent variety for the home orchard. Historical. Chenango, according to some accounts, originated in Lebanon, Madison county, N. Y.; others say that it was early brought into Chenango county by settlers from Connecticut. It has certainly been known in cultiva- tion for more than fifty years (3). It is still propagated by nurserymen but the demand for the stock is quite limited. TREE. Tree medium size, vigorous with short, stout, curved branches. Form up- right spreading to roundish, rather dense. Twigs long to medium, curved, moderately slender; internodes medium. Bark olive-green tinged with dull brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. JLenticels scattering, small, round, not raised. Buds deeply set in bark, small, flat, obtuse, ap- pressed, slightly pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit above medium to large, but under unfavorable conditions it may be small and poorly colored. Form elongated ovate or oblong conic, slightly ribbed. Stem short to medium, moderately thick. Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, narrow, often somewhat furrowed and compressed, usually not russeted. Calyx medium to large, partly open or closed; lobes often separated at the base, long, broad, obtuse. Basin usually small, medium to rather shallow, narrow to moderately wide, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, furrowed, sometimes wrinkled. Skin rather tough, smooth, glossy, -yellowish-white, often almost entirely overspread and mottled with attractive pinkish-red, conspicuously striped and splashed with bright carmine. Dots few, small, inconspicuous, light colored, often submerged. Calyx tube long, funnel-shape or nearly so. Stamens median. Core rather large, abaxile; cells often unsymmetrical, wide open or closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly ovate to oval, smooth. Seeds small, moderately wide, plump, obtuse, not tufted. Flesh white, moderately firm, tender, juicy, mild subacid, very aromatic, good to very good. Season latter part of August and through September. CLAPPER BLA, REFERENCE. 1. Downing, 1869 :127. SYNONYMS. CLAPPER FLat (1). Flat (1). CHENANGO Tue AppLes oF New York. 35 Downing describes a variety under this name which originated in the town of Bethlehem, Albany county, N. Y. He states (1) that the tree is productive, the fruit above medium size, pale yellow mostly overspread with deep red, pleasant subacid and good in quality for culinary uses; season September and October. We do not know this variety and have found no account of it except that given by Downing. CEARIGE: REFERENCES. I. Rural N._Y., 19:375. 1868. 2. Downing, 1869:127. 3. Leroy, 1873:221. fig. 4. Burrill and McCluer, J/]. Sta. Bul., 45:317. 1806. 5. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:39. 1903. 6. Beach and Clark, N.Y. Sta. Bul., 248:115. 1904. SYNONYMS. CLARKE (I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Clarke Beauty. This variety has been grown to a limited extent locally in some portions of Central New York. It is not.a good commercial variety, being too tender and too easily bruised. It is very good for dessert. It is sometimes called Clarke Beauty. The tree is hardy, healthy and long-lived. It does not come into bearing very young but when mature is a reliable biennial cropper. Historical. Originated with J. N. Clarke, Naples, Ontario county, N. Y. (1, 2). It is now rarely propagated. c TREE. Tree large to medium, vigorous. Form upright spreading to roundish, rather dense. Jwigs short, curved, stout; internodes medium. Bark brown- ish and olive-green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium to large, broad, acute, free, slightly pubescent. FRuIt. Fruit medium to large, averaging above medium. Form roundish oblate to oblate conic or to oblong conic, usually faintly ribbed, unsymmetrical; not very uniform in shape. Stem short to medium in length, slender. Cavity acuminate, deep, rather narrow to moderately wide, usually partly russeted and often with narrow, broken, outspreading russet rays. Calyx small to rather large, closed or slightly open. Basin rather shallow to moderately deep, rather narrow, obtuse to moderately abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin thin, smooth, waxy, pale whitish-yellow or greenish, often faintly shaded with orange-red or sometimes blushed with crimson; under some conditions the fruit develops but a slight blush or none. Dots numerous, small, pale or russet, often submerged. Calyx tube cone-shape. Core medium to rather large, abaxile; cells open; core lines slightly clasp- ing. Carpels broadly roundish, mucronate, slightly tufted. Seeds medium to rather large, moderately wide, plump, obtuse to acute, slightly tufted, rather light brown. 36 THE Apples OF NEw York. Flesh whitish, firm, moderately fine, crisp, tender, juicy, rather sprightly subacid, good to very good. Season October to January; some portion of the fruit may keep till spring but by January it begins to deteriorate in flavor and quality. CLYDE: REFERENCES. I. Barry, 1851:283. 2. Elliott, 1854:127. 3. Downing, 1857: 1290. 4. Hoffy, N. A. Pomol., 1860. col. pl. 5. Warderease7ecuenene 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1875:6. 7. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880:506. 8. Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884. 9. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:236. 11. Thomas, 1897:259. 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :65. SYNONYMS. CLYDE (3, 8, 0, 10). CLYDE BEAUTY (i) 2) 405) Gre ene: Beauty (12). Mackie’s Clyde Beauty (2, 3, 4, 11). A large, late fall apple. So far as we can learn it is now but little grown in this state. Lyon reports that in Michigan the tree is vigorous, upright, very productive, and -the fruit desirable for market (9). Historical. This is a late autumn variety which originated with Mr. Mackie, of Clyde, Wayne county (3, 4). TREE. Tree vigorous, spreading. Twigs reddish-brown. FRvuIrt. Fruit large. Form roundish to oblong conic, more or less ribbed. Stem short, sometimes fleshy. Cavity acute, deep, rather wide, furrowed. Calyx small, closed. Basin medium in depth, somewhat abrupt, furrowed. Skin waxy, green or yellow, washed and mottled with dull red and striped with carmine becoming bright red on the exposed side. Core large and open. Seeds small, brown. Flesh white, often tender, juicy, sprightly, pleasant subacid, good to very good. Season October to December. COLLAMER., The Collamer or Collamer Twenty Ounce is a sport of the Twenty Ounce, from which it differs in being more highly colored. As compared with Twenty Ounce, it is less mottled and striped but more completely covered with red, which often extends in an unbroken blush over a considerable portion of the fruit. In the Twenty Ounce this is seldom‘or never seen, but the red is mottled or appears in heavy stripes and splashes. So far as we have been able to determine, Collamer 1s more regular in shape and, if ribbed at all, is less distinctly ribbed than Twenty Ounce. The tree dif- YANV T1090 Tuer Apples oF NEw York. 25) fers from Twenty Ounce in that the bark of the young twigs is more distinctly tinged with red. The fruit being more attractive than Twenty Ounce, Collamer is worthy of consideration for com- mercial planting where an apple of the Twenty Ounce type is desired. Except in the points of difference above noted, Collamer appears to be identical with Twenty Ounce, and the reader is referred to the description of that variety for a technical account of the tree and fruit. Historical. This variety originated as a sport of the Twenty Ounce tree in the orchard of J. B. Collamer, Hilton, N. Y. Mr. Collamer began propa- gating it about Igoo. COE FON: REFERENCES. I. Amer. Gard., 12:573. 1801. figs. 2. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :237. 3. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:132. 4. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. inmpieay ot 1590. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:16. 6. Bruner, N.C. Sta. Bul., 182:20. 1903. 7. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:44. 1903. 8. Budd- Hansen, 1903 :67. SYNONYMS. COLTON (I, 2, 3, 4, 7). Cotton Early (5, 6, 8). Early Colton (1). Colton is a green or yellowish apple of fair to good quality, in season from the last of July to early September. The tree is a good grower, hardy, comes into bearing moderately young and yields good crops biennially. Historical. Colton is said to have originated on the farm of Mr. Colton, Rowe, Franklin county, Mass., where it has been propagated since about 1840 under the name Early Colton (1). TREE. Tree large, vigorous with moderately long, stout, crooked branches. Form rather upright when young but eventually flat, spreading and open. Twigs moderately long, straight, moderately stout; internodes short. Bark dark brown, heavily mottled with scarf-skin; much pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, rather conspicuous, medium to large, oblong, raised. Buds medium to large, broad, plump, acute, free, pubescent. _ Fruit. Fruit medium in size. Form roundish, narrowing toward either end, slightly ribbed. Stem medium in length, stout. Cavity small, acute to slightly acuminate, shallow, narrow. Calyx medium in size, nearly closed; lobes long, rather recurved. Basin small, shallow, obtuse, wrinkled. Skin pale greenish-yellow, sometimes with a shade or red. Dots numerous, large, greenish. Calyx tube elongated funnel-form. Stamens median. 28 THE Apples OF NEW YorRK. Core medium to rather large, somewhat abaxile; cells open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish. Flesh whitish, rather coarse, crisp, juicy, mild subacid, fair to good. Season last of July to early September. COLVERG, REFERENCES. 1. Warder, 1867:427. 2. Downing, 1869:131. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1875:6. 4. Thomas, 1885:506. 5. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 6. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:237. 7. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. WE Bul. A830) O03 SYNONYMS. COLVERT (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). Prussian (2). Ripens about with Twenty Ounce. It is inferior to that variety in size, color and quality, and is not as good a seller, but is more productive. The fruit is large, uniform in size, yellowish-green shaded and lightly striped with pinkish-red on the sunny side, smooth, showy and fairly attractive. It needs to be picked early to prevent loss from dropping. It is not a good keeper and is not much in demand among buyers, but sometimes it sells pretty well. The tree is generally hardy, healthy and an excellent cropper. It generally succeeds well on any good apple land. Historical. Origin uncertain (2). It has long been known and pretty widely disseminated but it is not much grown in New York. Even in those localities where it is best known the trees of this variety constitute less than one per cent of the orchards. TREE. Tree medium size to large, moderately vigorous to vigorous; branches long, medium stout, curved, crooked. Form upright spreading or roundish, open. Twigs above medium to long, usually nearly straight, moderately stout; internodes medium. Bark rather dark brownish-red, shaded with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scatter- ing, medium, oblong, raised. Buds medium to large, broad, prominent, very plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. Leaves medium in size, broad. FRuITt. Fruit averages large, fairly uniform in size but rather variable in shape. Form oblate to oblate conic, obscurely ribbed, irregular and with sides sometimes unequal. Stem short, rather thick. Cavity acute to slightly acumi- nate, medium to nearly deep, medium in width to sometimes broad, usually very heavily russeted, sometimes compressed and frequently lipped. Calyx medium, closed or slightly open; lobes short, narrow, acuminate. Basin abrupt, medium in depth, narrow, slightly furrowed. Tue Apptes oF New York. 39 Skin very thick, rather tough, rather dull greenish-yellow, sometimes partly washed with red and striped and splashed with carmine. Dots incon- spicuous, small, usually submerged; a few scattering ones are large and russet. Prevailing color greenish-yellow, not particularly attractive. Calyx tube broadly conical to funnel-shape. Stamens median to basal. Core axile, small; cells closed or partly open. Carpels broad-cordate, emarginate, tufted. Seeds large to above medium, wide, rather long, plump, acute; frequently they are abortive. Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, nearly coarse, crisp, moderately tender, juicy, subacid, good. Season October to January or February. CONSTANTINE. IPRERENGES. 6 1. Leroy, 1873335. fe. 2. Budd, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rt., 1880:524. 3. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881:155. 4. Hogg, 1884:95. 5. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:14. 6. 1b., 14:86. 1888. 7. Hos- kans neural iN. Y., 51:682. 1802. fig. Synonyms. Berry Apple (7). COoONSTANTINE (2, 3). Granp Duc Con- STANTIN (1). GRAND DUKE CONSTANTINE (4, 5, 6, 7). Grand Duke Con- stantine (2, 3). No. 457 (7). Riabinouka (7). This fruit is of the Aport type and very closely resembles Alex- ander. The flesh is rather coarse, subacid and fair to good in quality. Some hold that it is rather better in flavor than Alexander. As grown at this Station, the fruit, as compared with that of Alex- ander, begins to ripen about a week later and continues longer in season. The trees are not so large and may be planted more closely together than those of Alexander. It is a reliable cropper, yielding good crops biennially or neariy annually. The percentage of marketable fruit is greater than that of Alexander because there are fewer drops, the apples are less apt to show cracks about the calyx and stem and the skin is less often discolored by chafing against the branches. We are not sure that it is as good a variety for commercial planting as Alexander, but it appears to be worthy of testing where a variety of the Alexander type is desired. TREE. Tree small to below medium size, at first moderately vigorous but with age it becomes a slow grower with short, stout, curved branches. Form spreading, open. Twigs moderately long, curved, slender; internodes long. Bark brown with some olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubes- cent near tips. Lenticels scattering, medium to small, oblong, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. AO Tue AppLtes or New York. FRuIT. Fruit large or very large. Form roundish conic flat at the base, varying to oblate conic, regular or somewhat ribbed, symmetrical. Stem below medium to long, rather slender to moderately thick. Cavity large, acumi- nate or acute, very deep, broad, symmetrical, russeted and with outspread- ing rays of greenish-russet. Calyx medium to rather large, usually some- what open; lobes medium in width and length, acute. Basin narrow to medium in width, moderately deep to deep, abrupt, smooth or slightly wrinkled. Skin thick, tough, smooth, waxy, clear greenish-yellow or whitish, mottled, marbled and blushed with bright red over nearly the whole surface with wide broken stripes of carmine radiating from the cavity, overspread with thin bloom. Dots whitish or pale russet. Prevailing effect bright red. Calyx tube long, wide, funnel-shape or conical. Stamens median or below. Core medium size, somewhat abaxile; cells open or partly closed; core lines somewhat clasping. Carpels broadly ovate or approaching cordate, emarginate. Seeds medium or below, moderately wide, short, thick, plump, obtuse, dark brown. Flesh whitish, moderately firm, coarse, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, fair to good; suitable for culinary use and market. Season late September to November. COOPER. REFERENCES. I. Horticulturist, 1:339,484. 1847. 2. Mag. Hort., 13:105, 200. 1847. 3. Cole,,1849:114. fg. 4. Thomas, 1849):147) 955 bamaypeagiezoa: 6. Horticulturist, 6:18. 185r. 7. Emmons, Nat. Alsi Nee ees or anes iie fig. 8. Elliott, 1854:127. 9. Gregg, 1857:41. 10. Hooper, 1857:26, 106, 109. ir. Downing; 1857:130. .12. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat 18602. sy onder: 1867 :428. fig. 14. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:200. 15: Bailey, Az. Hort., 1892:237. 16. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :67. SYNONYMS. Beauty Red (8, 11). CoorErR (1, 2, 3)'A) 5,617 son O mlOMan 12, 13, 14, 15, 16). Lady Washington (8, 11). Seek-No-Further of some, erroneously (8). Fruit large, uniform, very attractive, rather light yellow indistinctly streaked with mixed red, mild subacid or nearly sweet, season October to December. The tree is very vigorous, upright spreading. Not -recom- mended for planting in New York. Historical. ‘This is an old variety of unknown origin. In 1796 it was introduced from Connecticut into Ohio where it has been much esteemed (2). Evidently it has never been cultivated to any considerably extent in this State and is now practically unknown to New York fruit growers. CORNELL. REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1857:131. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 3. Warder, 1867:716. 4. Uhonras, 1875:200. 5. Barty, 1883-3377 00 eeyou. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 7. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:237. 8. Van CONSTANTINE v- . Ww = * B a i = ' . ’ : SS Tue Apples oF NEw York. AI Deman tural N. VY. 61:67 002. fg. 9. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:44. 1903. 10. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :67. SYNONYMS. CORNELL (6, 8,9). CorNELL FANCY (1, 2, 3, 4, 5,7). Cornell Fancy (8). Cornett Fancy (10). Cornell’s Favourite (1). Fruit usually of good medium size, sometimes large, waxen yellow and red, agreeable for dessert, in season from early September to November. The tree sometimes lacks vigor and productiveness (9). Historical. Origin Pennsylvania (1). It is but little known in New York. FRuIrt. Fruit above medium to large, uniform in size, somewhat variable in shape. Form roundish conic to oblate conic, often quite strongly ribbed, irregular; sides usually unequal. Stem medium to rather long and slender. Cavity moderately deep to deep, moderately wide, often compressed, sometimes lipped, sometimes russeted, with the russet extending beyond the cavity. Calyx below medium to rather large, closed or slightly open; lobes some- times separated at the base, often upright, moderately acute. Basin deep, wide, rather abrupt, strongly furrowed, slightly wrinkled. Skin moderately thick, tough, smooth, clear pale waxen yellow, partly overspread with thin attractive pinkish-red, often quite regularly splashed and striped with bright carmine. Dots conspicuous, variable, often large, irregular, russet or areolar with russet center, varying to small, light colored and submerged. Prevailing effect handsome red striped over clear yellow. Calyx tube rather large, rather short, conical. Stamens median. Core below medium, variable, nearly axile to decidedly abaxile; cells variable, open or closed; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels broadly ovate, slightly emarginate, sometimes tufted. Seeds numerous, rather large, dark brown, rather narrow, long, plump, acute to acuminate, sometimes tufted. Flesh tinged with yellow, often affected with “Baldwin Spot,” firm, mod- erately coarse, crisp, moderately tender, juicy, agreeable, mild subacid, aromatic, rich, sprightly, very good. Season early September to November. CORNER, REFERENCE. I. Heiges, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1894 :18. Synonyms. None. We have neither seen Corner nor received any report concerning it. The following account of it was given in 1894 by S. B. Heiges, then United States Pomologist (1). “Size above medium; oblate; cavity wide, deep, marked by russet netting; stem one-half inch, medium diameter; basin, medium, regular, marked by russet; calyx segments with mammuiform bases, wide, long, converging or slightly reflexed; surface moderately smooth; color yellow, washed with red and striped with crimson; dots numerous, russet, some with dark centers, depressed; flesh yellowish, moderately fine grained, tender, mod- erately juicy; core large, wide, clasping, closed; flavor mild subacid; quality very good. Season early winter. Well known locally in Orange county, ING SY.” 42 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. COX ORANGE, _ REFERENCES. 1. Horticulturist, 13:168. 1858. 2. Downing, 1869:135. 3. Leroy, 1873:517. fig. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. ‘Cat., 1881:3 “5-)tieee ees: 6. Thomas, 1885:507. 7. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:237. & Bimyard, Jeu, Roy. Hort. Soc.,.1898:356. 9. Willard, Rural N_ Vo (562754 Thomas, Garden, 59:34. I901. figs. Synonyms. Cos. Orange (3). Cox Orance (8). Coz’s Orange (3). Cox’s ORANGE PIPPIN (Tj 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10). Cox’s Orange Pippm (3). ORANGE DE Cox (3). Reinette Orange de Cox (3). One of the best in quality of the English dessert apples; in season from late September to early winter. The fruit is of medium size or above medium, red and yellow. When highly col- ored it is attractive, with the red predommant. — Pie ieee sea moderate grower and productive. It is well adapted for growing on dwarf stock, either Paradise or Doucin. It is not recommended for commercial planting, but it is a desirable variety for the home orchard. Historical. Cox Orange is said to have originated in 1830 from seed of Ribston, at Colnbrook Lawn near Slough, Bucks, England (5). It is some- times propagated by American nurserymen but it has never been extensively planted in this country and its cultivation is not increasing. TREE. Tree medium size or above, moderately vigorous with rather slender branches. Form upright, thickly branched, dense. Twigs long to medium, rather slender, irregularly crooked; internodes medium or below. Bark olive-green somewhat mottled with reddish-brown, slightly pubescent. Lenti- cels numerous, conspicuous, medium size, oblong, raised. Buds medium size to rather small, roundish, obtuse, appressed, pubescent. Leaves small to medium size and inclined to be narrow. FRuITt. Fruit medium or above, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish cblate, sometimes slightly inclined to conic, regular or faintly ribbed, sym- metrical, axis sometimes oblique. Stem usually obliquely inclined, short, thick, sometimes long. Cavity obtuse to somewhat acuminate, rather shallow to moderately deep, rather narrow, often somewhat russeted. Calyx rather small, closed or partly open. Basin rather shallow and obtuse to moderately deep and abrupt, rather narrow. to moderately wide, smooth or slightly furrowed. Skin rather thin, tough, smooth, attractive, washed with orange-red deepen- ing to bright red and mottled and splashed with carmine, over a deep yellow background. Dots conspicuous, large, areolar with pale gray or russet center. Calyx tube cone-shape or funnel-form. Stamens median to basal. COX ORANGE THE Apples oF NEW York. 43 Core medium size, somewhat abaxile; cells usually symmetrical, open or closed; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels thin, obovate to obcordate, emarginate, usually smooth. Seeds reddish-brown, above medium size, wide, obtuse to acute, often abortive. Flesh yellow, firm, nearly fine, crisp, tender, very juicy, rich, sprightly subacid or becoming mild subacid, decidedly aromatic, very good to best. Season late September to January. CRANBERRY PIPPIN. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1845:106. 2. Thomas, 1849:179. 3. Emmons, NiGperciisieNe 4. 8:8c. (851. 4. Elliott, 1854-1690) 95. Warder, 1867-402. blvomeucn. ellort. Soc, Kpt., 1890:200, 7. Bailey; Am. Hort., 1892 :237. Saedmer, Gard. 16:425. 1805. 9. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 2:9. 1805. fig. 10. /b., 3:6. 1806. fig. 11. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Bul., ByEAeeetoot, 12. Beach and Clark, NV. Y: Sta. Bul., 248:116. 1904. Synonyms. None. In some sections this has proved a desirable apple, but in others it has not been successful. It is well known in some localities in the Hudson valley, in Northern and Western New York and in Ontario, where it is favorably regarded as a fall or early winter apple because of its good size, bright and attractive color and its uniform size and shape. It is a good storage apple, stands shipping well and brings good prices. It is suitable for market, cooking and evaporating, but not for dessert. It appears to be quite GesistamitO te attacks oi scab. Whe trees are hardy and often very productive, but in some cases it is reported as undesirable because unproductive. It is said to be a shy bearer when young, but becomes productive with age. Historical. Originated near Hudson, Columbia county (tr). TREE. Tree large, very vigorous; branches stout, spreading. Form upright be- coming somewhat spreading. Twigs long, moderately stout, light grayish- brown, quite pubescent; internodes short. Bark dull reddish-brown with some olive-green and thickly mottled with scarf-skin. Lenticels scattering medium to small, usually roundish. Suds medium or sometimes small, rather broad, deeply set, obtuse or sometimes acute, pubescent, appressed. Leaves dark green, broad, medium to large; foliage rather dense. FRuIT. Fruit large. Form roundish oblate, symmetrical. Stem short. Cavity broad, wavy. Calyx closed or somewhat open. Basin moderately deep, rus- seted. Skin smooth, shining, clear light yellow, handsomely blushed, striped 4A Tue AppLes OF NEw YORK. and splashed with scarlet. Dots many, large, often red areolar with russet center. General appearance beautiful and attractive. Flesh white or with slight yellowish tinge, moderately juicy, mild subacid. Season October to February. In the vicinity of its origin its season closes from a month to six weeks earlier than either Hubbardston or Tompkins King. In Northern New York and Ontario its season is late fall and early winter and often extends to midwinter. CREAM, REFERENCES. 1. N. E. Farmer, 1831 (cited by 3). 2. Downing, 1869 :137. a Ragan, (Us 5 bal lee leas Ok OCam LOO Synonyms. None. This variety originated in Queens ccunty, N. Y. So far as we know it is no longer cultivated. Downing describes the tree as a vigorous grower and an early bearer and the fruit as medium or below, yellowish, fine-grained, pleasant, sweet, in season in September and October. Valued by some for dessert and culinary uses. CROW EGG. REFERENCES. 1. Kenrick, 1832:43. 2. Downing, 1857:211. 3. Warder, 1867:716. 4. Burrill and McCluer, Jil. Sta. Bul., 45:318. 1806. Synonyms. Crow Ecce (2). Crow's Eee (1, 3, 4). Eee vopeme): A sweet apple which is still occasionally found in very old orchards but is now practically obsolete. Some esteem it highly for dessert. Downing calls it not very good in quality (2). The old trees are productive. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading; top roundish, open; branches long, slender, crooked. Ywigs medium in size, curved, slender; internodes very short. Bark reddish-brown, streaked with scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels numerous, very small, oblong. buds small, plump, obtuse, deeply set in the bark. Leaves medium in size, narrow. FRuITt. Fruit about medium in size. Form roundish to oblong or ovate. Stem long, slender. Cavity obtuse to sometimes acute, shallow, medium in width, symmetrical or obscurely furrowed, bright green or sometimes with out- spreading russet. Calyx small to medium, closed. Basin small, shallow, narrow, somewhat abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled. Skin tough, nearly smooth, bright pale yellow or greenish sometimes with faint bronze blush. Dots numerous, very small but conspicuous, russet. Calyx tube rather small, funnel-shape or cone-shape. Stamens median. Core large, abaxile; cells usually symmetrical and open; core lines clasp- ing the funnel cylinder or meeting when the tube is conical. Carpels ovate, nearly smooth. Seeds numerous, rather light brown, flat, acute to acuminate. Flesh whitish, firm, crisp, tender, rather juicy, sweet, agreeably flavored, good to very good. . Season October and November. ae CRANBERRY PIPPIN i } ! j CRANBERRY PIPPIN THE Apples OF NEW York. 45 CZAR THORN. REFERENCES. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rept., 1881:53. 2. [b., 1883:75. 3. Peon SOC. Kept, 1863-430) 4. Budd) Ja, Agr.-Coll. Bul. 1885-7. 5. Gibb, iieeaonl. SOG. Iept., 1887:44. 6. Vaylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892 :57. 7. merci Nes lone Soc. kept, 1890-50, 8. Hansen, S. : Sta. Bul., FOPAG. lOO2!, fig... SYNONYMS. CZAR THORN (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Czar Thorn (2). Czarsku Schip (4).° No. 140 M (8). No. 206 (4, 5,8). Tars Thorn (1). Tsarskm Schip (5). Zarskischip (7). ZARSKI ScHiIpP (2). Zarski Schip (3). ZARSKI LARS (1). : A Russian apple of medium size, roundish conic, green and yellow usually shaded and striped with crimson; flesh rather coarse, sweet, hardly fair in quality; season September; not valuable. DEADERICK, IMERDRENGES) 2. OU. S. Pom. Kpi., 1805:22. 2. Watts, Lenn. Sia. Bul., Mantetsoo, we 3. Vaylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1897-37. SynonyMs. Ben Ford (2). D&EApDERICK (1, 2, 3). Ozark Pippin (2). A good-sized green apple, of somewhat better color than Rhode Island Greening, but it does not keep as well, and is inferior to that variety in quality. The tree is a strong grower, healthy, and so far as tested here comes into bearing young and gives promisc of being very productive. It has not been on trial long enough to indicate whether or not it has sufficient merit to be considered a promising variety for this state. In Tennessee it is considered a very valuable early winter apple (2). Historical. Originated with Benjamin Ford, Washington county, Tenn. It was first disseminated as Ozark Pippin (2). TREE. Tree rather vigorous. Form spreading and somewhat upright. Twigs moderately stout, nearly straight; internodes short. Bark bright brownish- red. Lenticels roundish, often conspicuous, scattering, small. Buds medium size, appressed, obtuse, short, pubescent. Leaves medium size, somewhat narrow; often the base of the petioles is conspicuously streaked with red. FRUIT. Fruit large. Form broadly roundish, often rather conical, sometimes broadly ribbed, pretty regular, uniform. Stem medium to rather long, slender. Cavity large, acute to acuminate, deep, broad, usually smooth and symmetrical, sometimes slightly furrowed, occasionally prominently lipped. Calyx small, partly open or closed; lobes rather narrow, acute. Basin small, shallow, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, nearly smooth, a little wrinkled. 46 Tue AppLes oF NEw York. Skin moderately thick, tough, smooth, rather bright green becoming yellow, usually partly covered with a thin pinkish-red blush upon which there are often seen red, areolar dots with russet or whitish center: commonly the dots are whitish and often submerged. Prevailing color green or yellowish. Calyx tube iong, funnel-form. Stamens median to nearly marginal. Core a little abaxile, medium to small; cells symmetrical, open or nearly so; core lines clasp the base of the cylinder. Carpels thin, generally smooth, broadly roundish, narrowing toward the base, slightly emarginate. Seeds numerous, medium or above, rather wide, obtuse. Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately coarse, tender, rather juicy, pleasant sub- acid, good. Season October to January. DETROIT: RED. REFERENCES. 1. Mag. Hort., 10:167. 1844. 2. Downing, 1845 :106. 3. Horticulturist, 1:361. 1846.. 4. N. VY. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1846:192. 5. Thomas, 1849:164. 6. Cole, 1849:115. 7. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:65. 1851. fig., col. pl. 8. Elliott, 1854:130. 9. Downing, 1857:134. 10. Warder, 1867 :532. fig. a1. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 12. Wickson, 1889 :245. 13. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 14. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :237. 15. Waugh, Vi. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:291. 1901. Synonyms. Black Apple of some (2,9). BuiAck Detroir (5, 7). Black Detroit (2, 8). Crimson Pippin (6, 8, of some 2). Detroit (1, 2, 4, 6, 8). Detroit (9). Dertroir Brack (10). Detroir RED (3, 9, II, 12, 13, 14, 15). Detroit Red? (1c). Fruit growers in Western New York have commonly used the names Detroit Red and Detroit Black interchangeably for the remarkably variable variety which we are here describing as Detroit Red. We have been unable to determine whether there are ir fact two distinct varieties of this tvpe, or whether the differences which have been observed in the habit of growth and productive- ness of the tree and in the form, size, general appearance, season and quality of the fruit, are altogether due to differences in the conditions under which the fruit has been produced. Speaking of these two names, Warder, in 1867, wrote, “I have put these two names together because the fruits presented as Black and as Red Detroit are so very much alike in all respects that it is not worth while to consider them distinct. * * * The Red variety may be distinct, as it keeps later.” Lyon (13) recognized two or more varieties of this type and distinguished them by the names Detroit Black and Detroit Red. Speaking of Detroit Red, he remarks: “ There are probably several DETROIT RED Tue Apptes or New York. 47 y) varieties grown under this name, none of them valuable;” and of The Detroit Black he says: “ Unproductive, showy, valueless ; it is probably the Detroit Red of Downing.” D. D. Stone, of Oswego, writes:1 ‘It seems to me that the two aiemiorume same. Detroit Black seems to be more of a scrubby grower, the shape, size, firmness and color seem to be more con- stant and it does not crack so badly as the one we know as Detroit Red, but the season appears to be the same.” Wermorrwived) or as it is often called, Detroit Black, as usually grown in Western New York, varies from medium to. very large, commonly averaging about medium size. It is flattened at the ends, very dark crimson or purplish, becoming almost biack, with snow-white flesh occasionally streaked with rose- Piiemiestse esteemed by many for -dessert use because of its mild, pleasant flavor. There is considerable loss from premature dropping of the fruit and from fruit that 1s too small or too ill- shapen for market. It is quite variable in keeping qualities, being commonly in season about with Maiden Blush. The tree is a mod- erate grower, comes. into bearing rather young, and is not a very reliable cropper. Some report that it is a shy bearer; others that it yields moderate to full crops biennially. Historical. This is supposed to have been brought into the neighborhood of Detroit by the early French settlers and thence disseminated (1, 2, 4, 8). It was introduced into Ohio and Western New York before the middle of the last century. The variety is still sometimes listed by nurserymen (14). Its cultivation in New York state is declining and it is now seldom planted. TREE. Tree medium or eventually large, moderately vigorous to vigorous. Form upright spreading or roundish. Twigs medium to long, moderately slender, dark brown. FRUIT. Fruit very large to medium. Form oblate conic varying to roundish oblate, often strongly ribbed, irregular. Stem short, usually rather slender. Cavity often very large, acute to nearly acuminate, deep, moderately broad to very broad, frequently compressed, usually thinly russeted. Calyx variable, usu- ally large, closed or somewhat open; lobes short, broad, rather obtuse. Basin medium in width and depth, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, irregularly furrowed and wrinkled and often with mammiform protuberances. 1 Letter, 1904. 48 THe Apples OF NEw York. Skin thick, rather tough, dark crimson, largely striped and splashed with purplish-carmine eventually becoming almost black, sometimes having a por- tion of the greenish-yellow ground color exposed. Dots numerous, conspicu- ous, very small, pale or russet. Calyx tube rather short, wide, broadly conical. Stamens median to basal. Core medium to large, axile; cells closed; core lines meeting or clasping. Carpels roundish to elliptical, rather flat, usually tufted. Seeds rather large, plump, obtuse to acute, moderately light brown. Flesh white, sometimes streaked or stained with red, rather coarse, tender, juicy, agreeable mild subacid, very aromatic, good to very good. Season last of September to December. DUCHESS OF OLDENBURG. This variety is often called Duchess or Duchess of Oldenburg, but the name now accepted for it by pomologists is Oldenburg, under which name it is described on page 150. DUDEEY. REFERENCES. 1. Me. Sta’ Kpt,- 1891-07. 2. US Soom FP pt., 1891 :390. 3. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:245. 4. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:132. 5. Hos- kins, Amer. Gard., 14:299. 1893. 6. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1902 :83, OT. 7. Budd-Hansen, 1903:71. 8. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1903 :95. SYNONYMS. DuDLEY .(2, 6, 8). DupLEY WINTER (1, 4). DupLey Winter (7). Dudley's Winter (6). NortH Star (3, 5). North Star (6, 7, 8). A very hardy and productive variety which is being planted to a considerable extent in Northern New England. The fruit is pretty large, bright greenish-yellow washed and splashed with red, quite attractive in appearance and good in quality. Munson says that it is perhaps now more widely grown than any other of the newer sorts that have originated in New England. He considers it a valuable acquisition as a winter fruit for northern localities (6). As fruited at Geneva it is in season in September and October, although it may sometimes be kept into the winter. It is recom- mended for trial particularly where a very hardy apple of its season is desired. Historical. A seedling of the Oldenburg, which originated with J. W. Dudley, Castle Hill, Aroostook county, Me. (1, 6). A few years ago it was introduced by a Rochester nursery under the name North Star but it was afterward found that this name had already been given to another variety and therefore the name Dudley Winter was retained for it, which, according to the accepted rules of nomenclature is shortened to Dudley. (Reduced Size) DUDLEY te THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 49 TREE. Tree small, moderately vigorous to vigorous; branches short, moderately stout. Form very spreading and drooping, rather dense. Twigs below medium length to short, almost straight, moderately stout to rather slender; internodes short to medium. Bark brown tinged with clear bright red, with but little or no scarf-skin and but slightly pubescent. Lenticels rather con- spicuous, clear in color, scattering, medium in size, oblong, raised. Buds medium or above, rather prominent, plump, obtuse to acute, free or nearly so, somewhat pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium to large, uniform. Form roundish conic to roundish oblate, symmetrical. Stem long, rather thick. Cavity acute to almost acuminate, rather deep, broad, sometimes lightly russeted, obscurely furrowed. Calyx medium to large, open or partly closed. Basin decidedly abrupt, moderately deep to deep, moderately broad, obscurely furrowed, wrinkled. Skin thin, tender, smooth, bright pale yellow or whitish mostly covered with a bright pinkish-red blush striped and splashed with bright carmine and covered with light bloom. Dots scattering, light, small. General appearance red or red striped over contrasting yellow, attractive. Calyx tube long, moderately wide, funnel-shape or sometimes conical. Stamens median to marginal. Core almost axile, medium or below; cells closed or partly open; core lines clasping or nearly so. Carpels broadly elliptical, not emarginate, slightly tufted. Seeds large, wide, long, somewhat flat, obtuse to acute, dull dark brown. Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, crisp, nearly fine-grained, tender, very juicy, aromatic, brisk subacid eventually becoming mild, very good. Season September and October or sometimes later. DYER. REFERENCES. I. Kenrick, 1835:60. 2. Mag. Hort., 3:37. 1837. 3. Downing, ¥845:83. 4. Horticulturist, 2:2890. 1847. 5 Cole, 1849:111. 6. Thomas, POA ISee ie 7. batty, 1o5r:263, 200. 8. Emmons, Nat. Hist: N. Y., 3:30. 1951. g. Elliott, 2854:75. 10. Hooper, 1857:30. 11. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 27:70. IoOI. fig. 12. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 13. Warder, 1867 :630. fig. 14. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 15. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :238. meetansen. 5: ). Sia. Bul. 70:47. 19002. 17. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :72: ig. Synonyms. Bard Apple (9, 11). Beard Burden (9, 11). Buliripe (9, 11). Pacem picc (In). MVE (1, 3, 6, 8,70, 10, LT) 12,13, 34, 15, 10,17). Dyer (4, 5, 7). Golden Spice (9, 11). Mygatt's Bergamot (9, 11). PoMME Royvat (2). Pomme Royal (6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17). PomME RoyALe (4, 5, 7). Pomme Royale (3, 13). Pomme Roye (4). Pomme Water (9, 11). Pommewater in Ill. (13). Smithfield Spice (3, 5, 10, 11). Tomp- kins (9, 11). White Spice (9, 11). Woodstock (1). One of the very finest dessert apples but not a good commercial variety (14). The fruit is of medium size, greenish-yellow with a shade of red. The crop does not ripen evenly and it requires more than one picking. It comes in 50 THE APPLES, OF NEW York. season late in August or early in September and ripens continuously until midautumn. The tree is vigorous in the nursery but does not grow to be a large tree in the orchard. It succeeds better when topworked upon some hardier vigorous stock such as Tolman Sweet or Northern Spy. It is not long-lived but comes into bearing rather young and yields good crops biennially. Historical. This variety has been supposed by some to be of French origin and was formerly known as Pomme Royale, but Hovey believed it to be an American apple (11). It was known in cultivation in Rhode Island during the Revolutionary War (4). It was named Dyer by the Massachusetts Hor- ticultural Society more than fifty years ago and has retained that name. It is still occasionally listed by nurserymen (15). It is but little cultivated in New York and is now seldom, if ever, planted in this state. Bru (Go) iene). Fruit medium or sometimes large. Form roundish, slightly oblate, regular or obscurely ribbed. Stem medium to long, slender. Cavity rather small, acute, moderately deep to deep, sometimes lipped. Calyx small, closed; lobes short to rather long, recurved. Basin medium to small, shallow to moderately deep, furrowed. Skin smooth, clear pale yellow or greenish, more or less flecked and mar- bled with thin russet with a brownish blush on one cheek. Dots dark or russet. Core medium size; cells open or closed; core lines clasping. Seeds numer- ous, plump, short, medium to small, pale. Flesh yellowish-white, fine, very crisp, tender, aromatic, sprightly, mild subacid, highly flavored, very good to best. : Season September and October. FAREY HARV Esa. REFERENCES. 1. Amer. Gard. Cal., 1806:584. 2. Coxe, 1817:101. fig. 3. Thacher, 1822:129. 4. Buel, N. VY. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1820:476. 5. Wilson, 1828 :136. 6. Fessenden, 1828:131. 7. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 355. 8. Kenrick, 1832:26. 9. Floy-Lindley, 1833:84. 10. Mag. Hort., 1:362. 1835. 11. Manning, 1838:45: 12. [b., Mag. Hon. 7 2sin oti Dott ing, 1845:72. fig. 14. French, Horticulturist, 1:256. 1846. 15. Hovey, Mag. Hori. 14:115.. 1848. fig.. 16.. Cole) 1849-07. esa eave ee Hort., 15 :165. 1840. 18. Thomas, 1849142) 10. Emmons. Niae ese eee 3:16. 1851. 20. Barry, 1851-280. 21. Hlovey, 1275. Desieeeeol mp aaueugiee 22. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 23. Elliott, 1854:84. fig. 24. Hooper, 1857: 31, 107, I11l. 25. Gregg, 1857230. fg 26. Warder 1807 AOsten ae gett 1872 :143, 160, 172. 28) Downing, 1872-10) index, apps. com oeeetoor 10 index, app. 30. Hogg, 1884:67. 31. Wickson, 1889:243. 32. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 33. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :238. _ 34. Stinson, Ark. Sta. An. Rpt., 7:44. 1894. 35. Burrill and McCluer, Jil. Sta. Bul, 45: 320. I896. 36. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 3:7. 1806. figs. 37. Can. Hort., 20:328. 1897. figs. 38. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bul., 130:121. I9oT. 39. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:292. 1901. 40. Budd-Hansen, 1903:73. fig. LSAAYVH ATYV3 : : NS . : = We i ; oo oat i a ; iN / 1 eee ay ad (ez1S psonpey) LSAAYVH ATYVA - ; j - oe £ ro. ia x . 1 i “ E by ‘ ‘ ? * ' j ‘ a i . ? j “im : - Fa 4 ‘ “ ; ‘ ' ' ; ‘ * 1 T i y ‘ an ‘ ihe ; , { i eet ! ' 5 » Ye , . ; e : ‘ ’ ‘s ‘ i é f . ‘ peas 5 5 y ' = : Lae | ¥ ‘ ' > ; \ z ; ' 4 7) y ft > ‘ 4 ; - ! ¢ Pr 1 < 43 j i i ss ' ns iS A = n 4 th - ; | , . ‘ r ri t t f ir ; ' ' : \ M \ eal) ” Ua pee’ ‘ ' . 7 A ¥ ’ 7 f ’ ae { : Y * i ‘ s 5 2 ’ * ' 1 f | ¥ ri 4 1 Tue Appres oF NEw York. 51 Synonyms. Early French Reimette (2, 8, 13, 15,18, 10, 21, 23, 30, 34). Pare PARVEST G0 7, 6. LO: Ii) 12) tA) 15 16), 17, 18-10, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, Pe Ze 20. 30, 31, 32 33, 34, 35, 30; 37, 38, 39, 40). Early Harvest (9, 23). Early July Pippin (24). Early June (23). Harvest (23). Harvest Cn) July Early Pippm (15, 21, 30). Jury Pirrin (9). July Pippin (13, foto 2h 23 30 34). Large Early (15, 21, 30). Large Early Harvest (15, 21). Larce Earty Harvest (3). Large White Juneating (13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 30). Maralandica (29). Oats incorrectly (29). Pomme dEte of Canada (30). Prince’s Early Harvest (8, 30). Prince's Harvest (2, 4, EOneume-xinces Elarvest (8, 13, 15, 18, 10, 21, 23, 24, 30, 34). Prince's Yellow Harvest (30). Tart Bough (13, 15, 19, 21, 30). Yellow Harvest (73, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 30, 34). Yellow Juneating (23). Fruit medium, pale yellow, sometimes with a faint blush, tender, sprightly subacid, and very good in quality. It is a desirable variety for the home orchard because it is one of the earliest of the sum- mer apples, and is excellent for either dessert: or culinary uses. It is not a desirable commercial variety because there is a compara- tively large percentage of undersized or otherwise unmarketable fruit, the color is such that it shows bruises very readily and it keeps but a short time. The tree is a fairly good grower, mod- erately long-lived, comes into bearing rather early, is a biennial or almost annual cropper and moderately productive. Historical. Early Harvest has been known in cultivation for more than a hundred years. Its origin is unknown but it is supposed to have originated in America. At one time it was quite extensively cultivated for local market in some localities but it is now seldom or never planted except for home use. TREE. Tree medium size, moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading or roundish, open. Twigs moderately long, curved, rather stout; internodes short. Bark dark brown with some olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf- skin; slightly pubescent. Lemnticels scattering, round, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. Fruit. Fruit usually medium or below but sometimes rather large, uniform in size and shape. Form oblate to nearly round, regular or slightly angular; sides slightly unequal. Stem medium in length, moderately thick. Cavity nearly acuminate, shallow, rather narrow to moderately broad, russeted and with outspreading, broken russet rays. Calyx small to medium, closed; lobes long, narrow. Basin shallow, moderately wide, obtuse, slightly wrinkled. 52 THE APPLES oF NEw York. Skin thin, tender, very smooth, clear pale waxen yellow, occasionally with deeper yellow on exposed cheek, sometimes slightly blushed. Dots numerous, large and small, submerged or russet. Calyx tube short, funnel-shape. Stamens medium. Core medium size, somewhat abaxile; cells closed or slightly open; core lines clasping. Carpels slightly obovate. Seeds small to rather large, narrow, long, plump, acute. Flesh white, not firm, rather fine, crisp, tender, juicy, at first briskly sub- acid but eventually becoming milder, and more agreezble for dessert. Good to very good. Season late July and August. BAREY, JOE: REFERENCES. 1. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1843:52. 2. Mag era aD: 1843. 3. N. Y.. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1846:187. fig. 4. Hovey, Wag Hort. ta 474. 1846. 5. 16., 13:159. 1847. fig. 6. Smith, Horiculamisi resco goes 9. Cultivator, 4:310. 1847. fig. 8.-Mag. Hori... 14>530;enniot eee 1849 :105. fg. 10. Thomas, 1849:137. fig. 11. Emmons) Vapeasteee 3:19. 851. 12. Barry, 1851:280. 13. Elliott, 1854575" Sees 1857 :36. 15. Downing, 1857:76. 16. Hooper, ©1857 32) 27a Soc. Rpt:, 1860:240. _ 18. Warder, 1867 2513. 19s Fitzss18 7205 eee: Leroy, 1873 :404. figs: 21. fll. Hort. Soc Rpt. 1877-1245 522 eleeeea SAT 68. 23. Wickson, 1889:243. 24. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:200. 25. Bailey, An. Hori., 1892:238. 26. Macoun, Can. Dept, Age pes 96. 27. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:202. too1. 28.) Budd Magsemenges: TA Thee SYNONYMS. EARLY JoE-(1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6,7, 8, 0, 10) 9) ree ene: 17, 18, 10, 21, 22, 23. 24.20.26, 27-28). Jor PREecvcE (ear Fruit medium to small, red striped, excellent in flavor and qual- ity for dessert use; season, Auetust and early (Septemincn neice tree is small to medium in size, slow growing, moderately long- lived, comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable biennial cropper. ‘The fruit hangs pretty well to the tree until it 1s quite ripe. The crop contains a large percentage of undersized or other- wise unmarketable fruit. Recommended for the home orchard, but not for commercial planting. Historical. Originated with Northern Spy and Melon in the orchard of Heman Chapin, East Bloomfield, Ontario €o., N. Y. his orchard was planted with seedling trees grown from seeds brought from Salisbury, Conn. about the year 1800. In October, 1843, Early Joe was exhibited at the fair of the New York State Agricultural Society, Rochester, N. Y., by Jonathan Buel of East Bloomfield (1). It has been widely disseminated and is still listed by nurserymen (25) but it is not cultivated extensively in any locality. aor AlYv3 pre ‘og ie As . i i Sa Bh Tue Apples oF NEw York. 53 TREE, Tree moderately vigorous, dwarfish with short, moderately stout, crooked branches. Form rather flat, spreading. Twigs short, straight, stout, with large terminal buds; internodes short. Bark dark brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium size, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit small to medium, uniform in size and shape. Form oblate conic to conic, somewhat ribbed, rather symmetrical. Stem medium to long, rather slender to moderately thick. Cavity acute, shallow to medium in depth, rather broad, symmetrical, sometimes thinly russeted. Calyx medium size, closed or slightly open. Basin small to medium, usually shallow, medium in width or rather narrow, somewhat abrupt, smooth or slightly wrinkled. Skin thin, tender, smooth, pale greenish-yellow, irregularly and obscurely striped and splashed with dull, dark red, in highly colored specimens becom- ing deeply blushed on the exposed cheek. Dots russet and greenish or nearly white. Calyx tube medium in length, rather wide, broadly conical. Stamens median or basal. Core medium to rather small, axile; cells slightly open or closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly obcordate to elliptical, decidedly concave. Seeds small to medium, rather wide, short, obtuse to acute. Flesh tinged with yellow, fine, crisp, very tender, very juicy, mild subacid, very good to best. Season August and September. EARLY PENNOCK. REFERENCES. 1. Humrickhouse, Mag. Hort., 12:472. 1846. fig. 2. Cole, POAC ENO imons, Wat. ast Nov 3:14, 1851. 4. Barry, 1851 :332. Fa elOopemmrG5 71:33, 100, 110, 6. Grege, 18572360. 7. Downing, 1857-137. 8 Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 9. Warder, 1867:504. fig. 10. Fitz, 1872:145. Minee i eeNOnmNOG TIept., “1675-40. 12. Thomas, 1875-191. 135 Downins, Lostotmindex, app, 14. Bailey, An. Elort., 1892:238: 15. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :74. SUNONVMISe August Apple (7). EARLY RENNOCK (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, TO, IL, 12, 13, 14,15). Hetcke’s Summer Queen (13). Harmony (7, ? of the south, 9). Indian Queen (7). N. J. Red Streak (7). Shaker’s Yellow (7, 0). Sleepers Vellow (5). Warren Pennock (5, 7). : Fruit large, showy, yellow covered with mixed striped red, but often the yellow predominates. Flesh yellow, moderately juicy, subacid, coarse, suit- able for culinary use but not esteemed for dessert; season August. Tree hardy, a biennial cropper and moderately productive. Not recommended for planting in New York. FAlistorical. Origin unknown. It was first brought to notice in Ohio more than fifty years ago (1) where it was widely disseminated from some of the nurseries of that state. At one time it was being planted to a limited extent in New York but it has been almost wholly discarded. 54 THe AprLes oF NEw York. BARLY Rive: REFERENCES. 1. Warder,,1867:717. 2. Downing, 1869:156. 3. Fitz, 1872: 151. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cai.; 1873. 5. Bailey, An. Hort, 75922235.) ae Sta. Bul., 45:320. 1896. 7. Mich. Sta. Bul., 143:200. 1897. 8. Thomas, 1897 :634. 9. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bul., 130:121. tg901. 10. Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:52. 1902. 11. Budd-Hansen, 1903:74. Synonyms. None. Fruit of good medium size, yellowish-green, subacid, good for culinary use. The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing young, and vields full crops in alternate years. Historical. The locality of its origin is unknown but it is supposed to have originated in Pennsylvania (2). TREE. Tree large, vigorous with moderately long, stout branches. Form upright spreading, rather dense, top roundish. Twigs long, stout, curved; internodes medium. Bark brown tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf- skin; heavily pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small to medium, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, appressed, pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit medium to above, fairly uniform in size but not in shape. Form roundish oblate somewhat inclined to conic, irregular, broadly ribbed. Stem often bracted, medium in length or short, thick. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, usually shallow, rather broad, sometimes russeted. Calyx rather small, closed. Basin obtuse, usually very shallow, moderately wide, somewhat wrinkled. Skin light yellowish-green. Dots numerous, small, pale gray or russet. Calyx tube rather narrow, funnel-form. Stamens median. Core medium to rather large, abaxile; celis closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish, emarginate. Seeds medium size, plump, obtuse. Flesh white, quite firm, moderately coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, briskly sub- acid, becoming rather mild subacid when fully ripe, fair to good. Season August. EARLY STRAWBERRY. REFERENCES. I. Manning, 1838:46. 2. Downing, 1845:73. fig. 3. Horit- culturist, 1:145. 1846. 4. Mag. Hori., 14:488. 1848. fig. 5. Thomas, 1849 :139. fig. 6. Cole, 1849:101. fig. 7. Barry, 1851:280. 8. Am. Pom. Soc: Cat., 1852... -9. Elhoit, 1854:76.. 1c. Hooper 1857-35 se) aegeeetae Gregg, 1857:36. 12. Horticulturist, 14:425. 1859. 23. Warder, 18672514. fig. 14. Downing, 1869:157. 15. Fitz, 1872:143, 151, 160. 16. Leroy, 1873: 310. figs. 17. Downing, 1881:12 index, app. 18. Wickson, 1889:243. 19. Watts, Tenn. Sta. Bul., 5:78. 1890. 20. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpi., 189u: 290. 21. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:238. 22. Budd-Hansen, 1903:75. fig. ddld A1YVva i rea ot Pd d ¥ . ng : : 4 i = -, ‘ a = ’ 4 r ; t 4 \ i "hy ’ p ‘ ; J ey > } i lam e : 7 . at s¥ = ; . \ ; ‘ | : ' y ; : N i , a - t ¥ yi : f 1 j - ; ‘ . , ik ; i. J * ip A ; : BF i ' . 7 he iy 4 ’ 4 ‘ ' ; 4 a c ¢ . ' ‘ ‘ i + t 4 ’ ’ E P 4 ; ¥ i ; \ i) \ ( a , } ; } 4 4 . ' ' . ' r ' \ . { ’ 1 ! 1 , “ah : a e : r 45 ‘ } F ry i } 1 i ; 4 THE APPLES OF NEW YOoRK. 55 Synonyms. AMERICAN RED JUNEATING (1). American Red Juneating (755 9, 13; 14, err. 5, ? 2). De La Madeleine Rouge (16). Earty Straw- peewee 4) 5.6. 7. 8 ©, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19; 20, 21, 22). Early Strawberry (16). FRraiseE (16). Louis XVIII (16). Red Juneating (3, 6, Q, 10, 14, 15, 16, err. 4, err. of some American gardens, 2). St. John Straw- berry (17). Striped Shropsmre (17). Tennesee Early Red (17). Fruit of a very attractive bright deep red color, very desirable for dessert and good also for culinary uses. The tree is medium in size, a moderate grower, upright when young, but eventually be- coming roundish and somewhat spreading. It is hardy, healthy, comes into bearing young and yields moderate to good crops biennially or almost annually. It is not a very satisfactory variety ‘for commercial planting because the demand for it is mostly lim- ited to local markets, a relatively high percentage of the apples are undersized or otherwise unmarketable and the fruit does not keep well. On account of its productiveness and high quality it is a desirable variety for the home orchard. Historical. Early Strawberry is an American fruit which is said to have originated in the vicinity of New York (2, 3). It was formerly known to some under the name Red Juneating or American Red Juneating. The name Red Juneating has been applied also to the Margaret. In 1846 Downing published the following observations concerning these two varieties (3). “The Early Strawberry has a long stalk, and is a high colored fruit, striped with dark red. The Early Red Margaret has a short stalk and is a dull colored fruit, with faint red stripes. We have had both fruits in bearing this year, and have compared them for several years past. The Early Red Margaret is correctly shown in the beatiful colored plates of Ronald’s Pyrus Malus Brentifordensis, and in the Pomological Magazine. Our Early Straw- berry apple is not described in any European work that we have seen. It is greatly superior to the Early Red Margaret in productiveness, and especially in long keeping and ripening gradually, qualities that are rare in early apples and for which the market dealers in New York rate the Strawberry very highly.” Early Strawberry has been extensively disseminated and is generally cata- logued by nurserymen throughout the apple-growing regions of America (21). FRUIT. Fruit below medium to medium, pretty uniform in shape and size. Form roundish conic or roundish, regular or somewhat ribbed; sides often unequal. Stem long and rather slender, often clubbed. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, deep, broad, symmetrical, sometimes with faint radiating rays of russet. Calyx rather small, closed or sometimes open; lobes long, narrow. Basin small, shallow to moderately deep, narrow, obtuse, slightly furrowed. 56 THE APPLES OF NEw YorK. Skin rather thick, tough, smooth, waxy, entirely red or yellow nearly covered with a rich dark red, mottled and irregularly striped and splashed with deeper red. Dots minute, grayish. Calyx tube short, moderately wide, conical or approaching funnel-shape, with fleshy pistil point projecting into the base. Stamens median. Core large, axile or somewhat abaxile; cells usually open, sometimes partly closed; core lines nearly meeting. -Carpels broadly roundish to ellip- tical, much concave, emarginate. Sccds medium or above, wide, plump, obtuse, dark brown. Flesh whitish-yellow often with streaks of red, moderately coarse, crisp, moderately tender, juicy, subacid, aromatic, sprightly, very good. Season August. EGG TOE: REFERENCES. I. Mag. Hort., 10:210. 1844.”° 2. Elliot sy eege megs: Hooper, 1857:34. 4. Warder, 1867:717. 5. Downing, 1869:159. 6. Thomas, 1875 :408. SynonyMs. Early June (3). Ecco Tor (1, 2, 4, 5,6). Eggiop (3). Eve APPLE (3). Eve (2, 5). Round Top (2, 5). Sheepnose (2, 5). Wane of some (2, 5). Fruit similar in shape to Black Gilliflower but not so large, somewhat streaked and shaded with red, pleasant flavored but not high in quality; good for dessert but not for cooking. Tree large, moderately vigorous and a regular and abundant bearer. In season from late fall to midwinter. Historical. An old variety -of uncertain origin. A few trees of it are occasionally found in the oldest orchards but it is now nearly obsolete. ELGIN PIPPIN. REFERENCES. I. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:238. 2. Clayton, .tla. Sita. Bul, 47:0. 1893. 3.. Thomas, 1897:634. 4. Beach and’ Clank {ieee ow 248:118. igo4. SynonyMs. None. Fruit of good size and attractive appearance for a yellow apple. It evi- dently belongs to the Fall Pippin class but it does not closely resemble that variety and is not superior to it. Although it has much merit it does not excel other varieties of its season and is not recommended tor planting in New York. The tree is a strong grower and productive. Historical. Origin Alabama (2, 3). Downing questions whether it is identical with the White Spanish Reinette but it appears to be distinct from that variety.1 Warder describes another variety under the name Elgin Pippin which we have not seen.” TREE. Tree vigorous, upright; branches long, moderately stout. Form very much spreading and somewhat drooping, rather dense. Twigs medium in 1 Downing, 1869:404. 2 Warder, 1867:717. AYYAIMVYLS ATV 7 , ‘ 1 Fj . i ad ; oS a } rr i \ t 4 aw + i ‘ 1 . t i <3 N i i ~ . . { ry) . ‘ 1 = . / 1 . ' ‘ ‘ . - 1 . vs » ‘ / 4 4 ' , 2 i ; ee = cha tay Be ani SoS ian aS OE ne ae EE ieee THE AprLes OF NEw YorK. yi size, curved, stout; internodes long. Bark brown, tinged with olive-green, mottied with scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, large, oblong, raised. Buds large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. FRuIT. Fruit above medium to large, averages nearly large. Form oblate to roundish conic, distinctly ribbed, irregular; sides often unequal, sometimes elliptical, not uniform. Stem medium to very long, slender. Cavity acute to acuminate, medium in depth to deep, rather broad to narrow, usually with outspreading russet rays, sometimes decidedly compressed, sometimes lipped. Calyx medium to large, closed; lobes often leafy, long, acuminate. Basin sometimes oblique, shallow to moderately deep, moderately wide to rather narrow, cbtuse to rather abrupt, often prominently and irregularly ribbed. Skin thin, moderately tender, greenish yellow becoming deep yellow, some- times with a faint bronze blush in the sun. Dots scattering, russet, or sub- merged and whitish. Calyx tube rather large, moderately wide, conical or approaching funnel- form. Stamens median to basal. Core abaxile, medium to large; cells unsymmetrical, usually wide open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels irregular, often somewhat ovate, much concave, tufted. Seeds often abortive, dark, rather large, long, flat, acute to acuminate. Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, firm, moderately fine, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, good. Season September to December. Commercial limit, October. ENGLISH PIPPIN. REFERENCES. 1. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:50. 2. Troop, Ind. Sta. piemeyaeioo ne So4 3. Budd, Ja: Sia. Bul, 31:328. 1805. 4. Beach, W. MeN eeLlOry SOG. IPT. 1890:51. 5. lroop, Ind. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:79. 1809. eepuddawia Sia. Bul, 41:85. 1899. 7. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Ste. Bul., 248:118. 1904. SYNONYMS. ENGLISH PIPPIN (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7). Englischer Pepping (1). ‘No. 587 (1). Pepping Englischer (1). A Russian apple inferior in quality to standard varieties of its season. Not recommended for planting in New York. FRUIT. Fruit large. Form variable, roundish oblate to oblate conic or inclined to oblong truncate, ribbed; sides sometimes unequal. Stem short, usually not exserted. Cavity acuminate, rather wide, moderately deep, russeted and with outspreading russet. Calyx medium size, closed; lobes usually erect or connivent. Basin medium in width to rather narrow, deep, abrupt, irreg- ularly furrowed. Skin yellow or greenish, sometimes with shade of brownish-red overspread with thin white bloom. Dots minute, pale or russet. Calyx tube cone-shape or approaching funnel-form. Stamens median. Core large, somewhat abaxile; cells partly open; core lines meeting. Seeds medium size, obtuse. 58 THE Apples oF NEw York. Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately juicy, fine-grained, sprightly sub- acid, fair to good in quality. Season late September to November. ENGLISH SWEET, Ramsdell or Ramsdell Sweet has been described by some leading pomologists under the name English Sweet. Ramsdell Sweet is the name accepted for this variety in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society, and it is generally known among nursery- men and fruit growers as Ramsdell or Ramsdell Sweet. For a description of this variety, the reader is referred to Ramsdell Sweet, page 175. FALL GREENING., REFERENCES. 1. Warder, 1867:718. 2. Downing, 1869 :167. Synonyms. None. This variety originated at Claverack, Columbia county, N. Y. (1). Accord- ing to Downing the tree is moderately vigorous and very productive. The fruit medium size, greenish-yellow, subacid, good to very good. In season from December to February. Downing also mentions another Fall Greening of similar color, sprightly subacid, in season from September to November; tree a poor grower. We have not seen either of these varieties. PALE HARV ENG REFERENCES. I. Manning, 1838:48. 2. Downing, 1845:84. 3. Cole, 1849: 117. 4: Hovey, Mag. Hort.; 15:537. 1840. fe: 5. Dhomass1ss9o055ee oO: Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:47. 1851. col. pl. No! 7A andthe eanneye 1851 :284. 8. Elliott, 1854:132. 9. Gregg, 1857:42. 10. Warder, 1867:482. 11. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1869. 12. -Hoskins, Amer. Gard., 15:272. 1804. 13. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:296. 1901. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903:70. Synonyms. Fart Harvey (, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; 7, 8; 0; 1O;saie2 er eee Harvey (13). Fall Pippin. erroneously (43): HaARveEY (13). Fruit large, yellow, showy, similar in general appearance to Fall Pippin but less desirable where that variety can be grown. According to Hos- kins (12) it is hardy in Northern Vermont and has there proved an excel- lent annual bearer. He considers it valuable for all Northern New England and Canada. Cole (3) observes that the fruit is “fine and fair but not first-rate, and rather apt to fall, or to rot on the tree.” Elliott (8) says that it is not productive but Hovey (4) and Cole (3) call it a vigorous grower and a good bearer. In the nursery it may be easily known from Fall Pippin by its yellow and more slender shoots (4). IMaonde (2, 2: ae -it@))s Fruit large. Form roundish, slightly oblate, regular or somewhat ribbed at the base; crown large, slightly oblique. Stem short, stout or rather slen- Tue Apples oF NEw York. 59 der. Cavity rather shallow to deep, wide, uneven. Calyx small to large, closed. Basin narrow to rather wide, shallow, wrinkled. Skin smooth, pale yellow to deep yellow, sometimes blushed. Dots small, gray or russet. Core large, abaxile. Seeds medium size, acute, short, plump. Flesh whitish or tinged with yellow, a little coarse, crisp, juicy, rich sub- acid, with high flavor, very good quality. Season October to December. FALL JENNETING. REFERENCES. 1. Mag. Hort., 12:474. 1846. 2. Hovey, Jb., 13:161. 1847. fig. 3. Elliott, 1854:132. 4. Downing, 1857:213. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., E502, 6. Warder, 1867:533. fig. 7. Vhomas, 1875:498. 8. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 9g. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:239. 10. Budd-Han- sen, 1903 :8o. SYNONYMS. FALL GENETING (6). Fall Gennetting (3). FALL JENET- MVEGRUS)e PALL JENNETING (1, 2, 4,5, 7, 10). EAtt JENNETTING (3, 9). Fruit often large but variable in size, a considerable portion of the crop being undersized or otherwise unmarketable. It is of a ereen or yellowish color, shows bruises quite readily, does not stand shipping very well and is not a good keeper. It is very good for culinary uses and acceptable for dessert; being of light weight, it is less desirable than some other varieties for evap- orating. The tree is an exceedingly strong grower and long-lived, eventually becoming very large, tall and spreading. It is hardy, healthy, comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable cropper, yielding moderately good to heavy crops biennially or nearly annu- ally. There is apt to be considerable loss from premature dropping of the fruit. Not recommended for planting in New York. Historical. It appears that this variety was brought into Western New York from Athens on the Hudson, about 1827 (1, 2). Elliott (3) in 1854 called it an old Connecticut variety. It has been grown more largely in portions of the Hudson valley and of Western New York than it has in other sections of the state but it has not been cultivated extensively in any locality. It is still listed by nurserymen (9) but in New York it is now seldom planted and is gradually going out of cultivation. TREE. Tree large, vigorous or very vigorous. Form spreading or somewhat roundish. Twigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout; internodes medium. Bark dark brown lightly streaked with gray scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. . 60 THE APPLES oF NEw York. FRuIT. Fruit above medium to large. form roundish oblate inclined to conic, slightly ribbed at the base; sides unequal. Stem medium to short, moder- ately thick. Cavity acuminate, deep, wide, rather symmetrical, with out- spreading rays of russet. Calyx below medium to rather large, closed or somewhat open; lobes long, narrow, acute, reflexed. Basin rather small, shallow, narrow, somewhat furrowed and wrinkled. Skin thin, tough, smooth, pale greenish-yellow with faint brownish-red or bronze blush. Dots moderately numerous, rather inconspicuous, sometimes russet but more often whitish and submerged. Prevailing effect vellow. Calyx tube rather long, narrow funnel-shape. Stamens median to basal. Core small, axile to somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, closed; core lines clasping. Carpels somewhat roundish to broadly ovate. Seeds light brown, rather small, moderately narrow, plump, acute. Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately firm, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly, subacid, good. Season late September to December. FALL ORANGE, REFERENCES. 1. Thomas, Cultivator, 5:246. 1848. 2. 1b., 1849:155. 3. El- liott, 1854:149. 4. Gregg, 1857:42. 5. Downing, 1857:143. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 7. Warder, 1867:718. 8. Downing, 1869:168. 9. Jb., 1872:10 index, app. 10. Bailey, An. Hort, 1892:230. 11. Burrilljand = Wic@iner ou) Sia. Bul., 45:321. 1896. 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903:80. fig. SYNONYMS. Fatt ORANGE (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 0, 10, 11, 12) a all Oranec (3). Hogpen (8). Holden (5, 8). Holden Pippin (8). Hoypen (5). Jones Pippin (5, 8). Long Island (8).~ Long Island Graft (@).) Ne Y% Belliower (9). ORANGE (3). Orange (8). Red Cheek (8). Speckled (9). Westbrook (9). White Graft of Wis. (8). White Newell (9). When well grown Fall Orange is of good size, yellow or green- ish, with occasionally a shade of red, agreeable subacid, and very good in quality for culinary use. When it becomes fully ripe so that its acidity is subdued it is an excellent dessert apple. . The tree is thrifty, hardy, long-lived and a regular biennial cropper, often yielding pretty heavy crops. It is not generally regarded as a good commercial variety because its color is yellow, the fruit is rather tender and a poor shipper, and with heavy crops there is apt to be a comparatively large percentage of fruit that is under- sized or otherwise unmarketable. It is in season from late Sep- tember to early winter; sometimes a portion of the fruit is kept till spring. Zi f N : ‘ | FALL ORANGE ae THE Apples oF NEw York. 6I It resembles Autumn Swaar considerably in general appearance ; for a comparison of the two varieties the reader is referred to the description of Autumn Swaar, pages I1, 12. Historical. Fall Orange was described by Thomas in 1848 as a new or newly-introduced variety of unknown origin (1). In 1857 Downing gave its origin as Holden, Mass. (5). Since its introduction it has been sparingly disseminated in various parts of the state. Although it is still listed by some nurserymen (10) it is now seldom planted in New York. FRuITt. Fruit above medium to large; fairly uniform in size but not in shape. Form roundish conic, irregular. Stem medium to rather short, slender. Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, medium in width, regular or slightly com- pressed, often russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to large, open or sometimes nearly closed. Basin uneven, one side projecting higher than the other, moderately deep to deep, narrow to moderately wide, abrupt, furrowed. Skin pale yellow or greenish, sometimes with brownish blush. Dots numerous, large and small, russet or sometimes reddish, areolar. Calyx tube rather large, usually long, conical to funnel-form with fleshy pistil point projecting into the base; the lower part of the funnel cylinder is sometimes enlarged. Stamens.median or below. Core medium to rather small, axile; cells symmetrical; core lines meeting when the tube is short, clasping when it is long. Carpels elliptical to nearly cordate. Seeds not numerous, rather dark brown, medium to below, plump, obtuse. Flesh white, moderately fine, crisp, rather tender, juicy, subacid, aromatic, very good. Season late September to early winter. BALL PIPPIN. REFERENCES. I. Amer. Gard. Cal., 1806:585. 2. Coxe, 1817:100. fiz. BeCouvctiro21 par. 300. 4. Mhacher, 1822120. 5. Buel, N. V. Ba: Agr. Mem., 1826:476. 6. Fessenden, 1828:131. 7. Kenrick, 1832:32. 8. Floy- Lindley, 1833:85. 9. Mag. Hort., 1:326, 364. 1835. 10. Downing, 1845 :84. mee loy-lindley, 1846:412 app. 12. Phenix, Horticuliurist; 1:3601. 1847. ree Downie, Jb., 32345. 1849. Cole, 1849:117. fg. 15. Vhomas, 1849: nee TOs ehoenix, Horiculinnist, A:472. 1859. 217. Barty, 1851-283. foeiniinons, Nat.iest. Ne Ys 3:44. 1851. fig., col. pl. No, 18, 19..Am. Om SOG Cai, £8525. 20. Piliott, 1854-78. fe, 21. Grege, 1857-42. 22. Hooper, 1857 :34, 106, 110. 23. Warder, 1867:571. fig. 24. Downing, 1869: 169. fg. 25. Todd, 1871:311. fig. 26. Fitz, 1872:143, 149, 162. 27. Hogg, 1884:74. 28. Wickson, 1889:244. 29. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890: ZOO, 30: Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:2390. 31. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt, 8:7. i901. figs. 32. Budd-Hansen, 1903:80. fig. 33. Beach ard Cake Y- Sia. Bul, 2482110. 1904: 62 THE APPLES: oF NEw York. SYNONYMS. American Fall (7). AutTumMN Pippin (4). Cathead incor- rectly (24). Cat Head (25). Cobbett’s Fall (7). Cobbett’s Fall Pippin (27). Concombre Ancien (7). De Rateau (7). D’ Espange (7). Episcopal (24, 25).. Fatt Pippin (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 0, 10, 11, 12) 13, 54) 167 0) aes 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 20, 30, 31, 32, 33). fall Pippa Ge Golien Pippin (22, 25, erroneously 2, 24). Holland Pippin (2, 5, err. 15). Phila- delphia Pippin (20, 24, 25). Pound Pippin (24, 25). Pound Royal (25, of some 24). Prince’s large Pippin of N. Y. (2). Reinnete Blanche d’Espagne (7). Summer Pippin (2). Van Duym’s Pippin (2). Van Dyn’s Pippin (5). York Pippin (24, 25). Fruit large, and, when fully ripe, of an attractive yellow color. The flesh is tender, rich and very good in quality, being excellent for dessert but especially desirable for culinary uses. The tree is a strong grower, hardy and very long-lived, eventually becoming large or very large. Since the foliage and fruit are both quite sub- ject to the attacks of the apple-scab fungus, thorough preventive treatment for this disease is necessary in order to grow Fall Pippin successfully for commercial purposes... The crop does not ripen uniformly, some of the fruit being ripe, well colored and ready for immediate use in September, while at the same time a consider- able portion of the crop is still hard and green. When grown under favorable conditions and properly handled some portion of the crop may keep till midwinter or later, but even carefully selected fruit cannot be relied upon to hold in common storage till December Ist without considerable loss. In cold storage it may be held till January or February (33). Fall Pippin is generally in pretty good demand in local markets, and in portions of Eastern New York it is being used to a limited extent for the early export trade. It is one of the most desirable varieties of its season for the home orchard. Hottanp Pippin AND Fatt Pippin ComPareD. From the time of Coxe (2), Fall Pippin has by some been called Holland Pippin. The Holland Pippin indeed much resembles Fail Pippin, but it differs from it in being in season from mid-August 1 Directions for treating apple scab are given in the reports of this Station for 1899:399-418, and for 1903:321-386. FALL PIPPIN (Reduged Size) THE APPLES OF NEW YorK. 63 to midautumn and in being more roundish and less flattened, and in having a short, thick stem which is not exserted. Historical. Origin unknown. Downing (10) held the opinion that Fall Pippin is an American variety and probably a seedling raised in this country from either the White Spanish Reinette or the Holland Pippin, both of which it resembles. It has been widely disseminated from the Atlantic to the Pacific in most of the important apple-growing regions of the continent and is still listed by many nurserymen (30). We are unable to determine how long this variety has been in cultivation. In some New York orchards trees of it are found which are more than one hundred years old. It is quite generally grown for home use throughout New York, and also to a limited extent for market, but it 1s now seldom planted. TREE. Tree large, moderately vigorous to very vigorous, with large, long branches which eventually become somewhat drooping. Form spreading or roundish and rather dense. Jwigs moderately long, curved, stout and with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark dark reddish-brown, somewhat tinged with green, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; much pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oval, raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. FRuITt. Fruit large or very large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form round- ish to roundish oblate, sometimes a little inclined to conic, or sometimes slightly oblong and truncate, often obscurely ribbed. Stem medium to rather long, thick. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, moderately deep, moder- ately narrow to rather wide, symmetrical or sometimes compressed, russeted. Calyx medium to large, open; lobes separated at the base, moderately long, rather narrow, acuminate. Basin medium in depth to deep, moderately nar- row to rather wide, abrupt, wavy, slightly wrinkled. Skin thin, smooth, at first greenish-yellow but becoming clear yellow, sometimes faintly blushed. Dots numerous, small, pale and submerged or russet. Calyx tube large, wide, long, conical to nearly funnel-form. Stamens median to basal. Core medium size, somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines meeting or clasping. Carpels roundish, emarginate, tufted. Seeds rather dark brown, medium size, somewhat acute, plump. Flesh whitish or tinged with yellow, moderately firm, rather fine, tender, very juicy, agreeable subacid, somewhat aromatic, very good. Season late September to January. FALL WINE. RERBRENCES! | LaiViag. Hori, t42114. 1848: 2. Cole, 1849-108. 3. ID., 1849:109. 4. Elliott, 1854:77. 5. Horticulturist, 10:87. 1855. 6. Hooper, 64 THE Apples: oF NEW York. 1857 :36. 7. Downing, 1857:78. 8. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1860:50, 240. Q. Warder, 1867:434. fig. 10. Downing, 1869:170. fig. 11. Fitz, 1872:153. 12, Thomas, 1875:200. 13. Barry, 1883:338. 14. Wickson, 1889 :244. 15, Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 16. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :239. 17. Budd-Hansen, 1903:81. fig. SYNONYMS. FALE WINE (1, 3; 4,5, 6, 7, 8, 0) 10) 11, 429613 ae eee House (10). Hower (10). Musk Spice (10). Oho Wine (7, 10, 13). Sharpe’s Spice (7, 10). Sweet Wine (7, 10). Uncle Sam’s Best (7, 10). WINE (2). Wine of Cole (4). Fruit medium or above, bright red, attractive; in season from September to early winter. The tree is of medium size with rather drooping branches, moderately vigorous, healthy, moderately long-lived and yields good to heavy crops biennially. The fruit is apt to drop to a considerable extent before it is fully mature. It is very tender, not a good shipper and not a desirable commercial variety. It is not much valued for culinary use but it is generally esteemed wherever it is known on account of its excellent dessert qualities. It is not recommended for commercial planting in New York. Fall Wine should not be confused with Twenty Ounce which in some sec- tions of New York is known under the name of Wine apple.!_ It is also quite distinct from the true Wine which is a large, showy-apple that ripens in midautumn and often keeps well through the winter.? Historical. The origin of this variety is unknown. Elliott (4) says that it was introduced into the West from the garden of Judge Jonathan Buel, Albany, N. Y., about 1832. It has been a favorite variety in many parts of the Middle West but has not been extensively cultivated in New York and is now seldom or never planted in this state. FRuit. Fruit medium or above. Form roundish oblate, somewhat ribbed; sides often unequal. Stem medium to rather long. Cavity obtuse to somewhat acute, wide, shallow to moderately deep, sometimes lipped. Calyx small to medium, closed or partly open; lobes long, narrow, reflexed. Basin deep, wide or medium in width, rather abrupt, furrowed. Skin clear yellow washed with red which on the exposed cheek deepens to a beautiful bright blush, indistinctly striped with carmine. Dots yellowish- brown or russet. Calyx tube long, narrow, funnel-form. Stamens median. Core medium, axile; cells symmetrical, closed or slightly open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish, tufted. Seeds medium size, rather wide, acute. Flesh tinged with yellow, tender, juicy, aromatic, very mild subacid or almost sweet; very good for dessert but only fair for culinary use. Season September to January. 1 See description of Twenty Ounce, page 227 2 See description of Wine apple in "Volume L ‘of this Report, page 373. Tue Appres or New York. 65 FAMEUSE. REFERENCES. I. Forsyth, 1824:101. 2. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826: fnew London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 757. 4. Kenrick, 1832:33. 5. itoy-lindley, 1633:10: 6. Manning, 1838:55. 7. Jb., Mag. Hort., 7:45. 1841. 8. Downing, 1845:91. 9. Horticulturist, 1:257. 1846. 10. Thomas, Culivator, 5:300. 1848 fg. 11. /b., 1849:147. fg. 12. Cole, 1849:118. Poemmmens. War Hist N. Y. 3:36. 1851. col. pl. No. 48. 14. Hovey, Ponies pl. and: ie. 4 15. Mag. Hort, 17:15. 1851. fg. 16. Good- tich, [b., 17:122. 1851. 17. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 18. Elliott, 1854 :77 1g. Gregg, 1857:42. 20. Hooper, 1857 :36, 107, 110. 21. Lothrop, Mag. Hort., Seecosweerooa. 22. Warder, 18672505. 23. Fodd, 1871:25.. fg. 24. Fitz, mages. leroy, 1873-403. 20. Monireal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:12. 2elackewlbs 0-61. Taso. 28. tb, 8-140. 1881-82. 29. Hogg, 1884:58. 30. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 47:249. 1888. 31. Wickson, 1889:245. 32. Montreal PAA VOGEehept.. EA .oo, 89. i880.. 33: Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc: Rpt., 1890: Bqowes4. Vonireal Hort. Soc. Rpt. 15:10, 26. 1800. 35. Bailey, An. Hort., ES92-2409) 30. J0:, 1892:2490. 37. Laylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:57. 38. Amer. Gard., 14:425. 1803. 39. Burrill and McCluer, Jil. Sta. Bul., 45 :321. 1896. 40. Can. Hort., 20:304. 1897. -figs. 41. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. Minnie 1SOo. es, 42. Can. Hort. 22:226. 1890. 43. Craig, Pune 2027. 1800. Ad. Vt. Sta. Bul., 83:83-02. .1900. 45. Can. Liem ee 28O2. TOO. 40, Waugh, /t.. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:203. 1901. 47. Budd-Hansen, 1903:82. fig. 48. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248 :120. he} OA Q a Scribe, Can. Hort. 28:277.. 1905. DEOMNONVMS Chimney Apple (14, 16, 22, 25). Dr Netce: (3, -25, 20). Merete ts). au Marechal (25). KFamMEUSE (1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, IO, 11, 12, Pie iO etiv7 ES.) CO, .20, 21, 22. 23.24. 26; 27, 28 320, 31, 32, 24, 35, eseesOnHOe AT. AZ A214, 45, 46, 47, 48). —FFameuse (5, 8, 25, 20, 36). La Belle Fameuse (43). La Fameuse (29). Neige (2). Neige-Framboise de Gielen (25). Pomme DE NEIcE (5, 8). Pomme de Neige (A, 9, 10, II, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 41). Pomme de Niége (1, 7, 12). Pomme Fameuse (3). Pomme de Fameuse (14, 15). Sanguineus (8, I4, 15, 18, 23, 25). Meee) an Sow (2. 10, 12) 14, 16, 18, 20:/21, 22, 23, 25, 31, 33, At; 43, 46, 47, 48). Fameuse is one of the most desirable dessert apples of its season. It is very beautiful in appearance and the flesh is white, tender and excellent in flavor and quality for dessert. It is decidedly inferior te other varieties of its season for culinary purposes. It is well known in market, and during its ‘season, which extends from October to the holidays, it usually sells above average market prices, particularly if well colored and free from scab or other im- perfections. The fruit is often badly injured by the apple-scab fungus, but this may readily be controlled by proper preventive treatment.! It keeps well in cold storage. Some report that if free 1N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:399-418. 1899. Ib., 22:321-386. 1903. 66 THE APPLES oF NEW YorK. from scab it may be held as long as Rhode Island Greening (48). In the Champlain district and in portions of the St. Lawrence val- ley it is one of the most important varieties found in commercial orchards. Generally speaking, it grows to a higher degree of per- fection in those districts than it does in other apple-growing regions of New York. In the more southern sections of the state it appears to succeed best in the high elevations and on light well drained soil with clay subsoil. The tree is of medium size, a moderate grower, hardy, healthy, rather long-lived, and a reliable cropper vielding good to heavy crops biennially or sometimes nearly annu- ally. The fruit hangs pretty well to the tree. Fruit of marketable grades is fairly uniform in size, but there is a considerable amount of it that is too small for market. In those portions of New York south of Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence valley the fruit does not usually develop its best color, and in some seasons, and particularly in unfavorable localities, it is so poorly colored as to be quite unsatisfactory. In such locations it is better for the fruit grower to plant McIntosh instead of Fameuse if he desires to grow a variety of the Fameuse group. Historical. Waugh (44) gives the following historical account of the Fameuse. “The history of Fameuse is obscure, probably beyond clearing up satisfactorily, but extremely interesting as far as we know or can guess at it. The turning point of speculation for years has been as to whether the variety is of American or European origin. One of the most interesting contributions to this discussion was made by Mr. Chauncey Goodrich, (16) of Burlington, Vt., in 1851. We quote the following extracts from this article: ‘It is here one of the most common as well as oldest varieties; hundreds of barrels are sold in a single season in this town alone. . . . All Ameri- can writers call it a Canadian apple; of this I think there is no proof. One hundred and twenty years since, the French planted this variety on the eastern shore of Lake Champlain, opposite Fort Frederick on Crown Point, at a place called ‘Chimney Point’ — more than fifty years before any other permanent settlement. From these old trees cions have been scattered through Vermont, and called the Chimney apple. A very intelligent and highly educated French seigneur residing on an old seignory eighty miles below Quebec informed me that this was one of the first varieties of apples planted on the place; that the trees were very old and were brought from France. The early French settlers planted the same variety at Ogdensburg, Detroit, and other places on Lakes Erie and Ontario, where it is still known as the ‘Snow Apple’; also at Kaskaskia, Illinois, more than one hundred ASNAWVS f i - ' ce a Tue AppLes oF New York. 67 and fifty years since, where the old trees are still productive, and apples from them are sent to St. Louis, &c. The same apple may be found in France, and in London of the growth of France.’ “Tt is hardly to be supposed that a seedling apple was produced in Canada at so early a day as to be distributed more than a thousand miles in every settlement made by the French, one hundred and fifty years since. “Another fact tending to suggest a European origin for Fameuse is that it is usually found in the old gardens, in company with well known European varieties of pears, apples and other fruits. “On the other hand the testimony of European pomologists is mostly against the theory of a European origin. The variety is known in the larger collec- tions of all the countries of Europe, just as Ben Davis is, and has been known there for many years. But most European authors unhesitatingly assign a Canadian origin to the variety; and the variety seems too little known, too little appreciated, and too little at home with European surroundings for us to believe it originated there. Those who call it a European apple usually assign its nativity to France; but Leroy (25) the greatest of all French, and perhaps of all European authorities, did not know the variety. He says that Le Lectier cultivated the Pomme de Neige (synonym of Fameuse) at Or- leans (France) before 1628; but Leroy did not know whether or not this was the same Pomme de Neige grown in Canada. In fact he says, ‘I have never, up to the present time, met this apple Pomme de Neige on our soil. In place of it they have always sent me Calvill de Neige, ripening from Janu- aty to March. Most of the so-called Snow apples of Europe, in fact, are white skinned and totally different from the Snow, or Fameuse, of America. “Tt is agreed that, whether the Fameuse came from Europe or not, it was distributed by the earliest of the French missionaries and planted by the first settlers. Quebec was founded shortly before 1600 and Montreal in 1641. The seigniory du Cote de Beaupre, said to be the oldest seignory in Quebec, was granted in 1636 and promptly colonized. Thus we have almost a hundred years of French settlement and missionary activity prior to 1700, the approxi- mate date at which, according to Mr. Goodrich, the Fameuse was brought to Vermont. This seems to allow ample time for a Canadian origin fo, the variety and for its wide distribution in Quebec, Ontario and the Northern states. “The early distribution of apples, either from Europe to Canada, or from place to place on this continent, was accomplished chiefly, almost exclusively, by seeds. Some of the missionaries knew the art of grafting, but there was small encouragement to practice it. From these considerations, and others which cannot be fully argued here, the writer is firmly convinced that the Fameuse originated in Canada from seed brought from France.” TREE. Tree vigorous, with long, moderately stout branches. Form upright spread- ing or roundish, rather dense. Twigs medium size, curved, stout; internodes short. Bark dark brown tinged with red, lightly coated with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, round or somewhat oval, slightly raised. Buds medium size, flat, obtuse, free, pubescent. 68 THe AppLes oF NEw York. FRvuIT. Fruit hardly averages medium but sometimes is above medium size. Form roundish inclined to conic, sometimes a little oblate, regular, uniform, sym- metrical. Stem medium to short but sometimes long, rather slender. Cavity acute to somewhat acuminate, moderately deep to deep, rather wide, often gently furrowed, sometimes partly russeted but generally smooth and red or greenish. Calyx rather small, usually closed. Basin medium in width and depth, rather small, somewhat abrupt, obscurely furrowed or wrinkled, often having mammuiform protuberances. Skin thin, tender, smooth, light bright red deepening to almost purplish black in highly colored specimens with a somewhat striped appearance toward the apex. In less highly colored specimens the striped effect is more noticeable. Dots few, scattering, light. Calyx tube narrow, funnel-form. Stamens median or somewhat basal. Core medium to rather small, axile; cells closed; core lines clasping. Carpels symmetrical, roundish or inclined to elliptical, somewhat emargi- nate, mucronate. Seeds dark, long, rather narrow, acute to acuminate. Flesh white, sometimes streaked or stained with red, very tender, juicy, subacid becoming very mild subacid or sweetish, aromatic, very good for dessert. Season October to midwinter. STRIPED FAMEUSE. Repi oes etcosn as Gaucher, 1894:No. 10. col. pl. 32. Saunders, Ont. Fr. Gr. Assn. An. Rpt., 27:51. 1805. 33. Amer. Gard., 16:381. 1805. fg. 34. Burrall and Wic@lier, [ll. Sta. Bul., 45:303- 1896. 35. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 18098 :35,4. 36. Can. Hort., 22-133. 1800. 37: Van Deman, ural Nees o eco meaoD: 38: Woolverton, Ont. Fro Stas. An. Rpt, 8:8)" 100i, 72s), Ou eueaney a Sta. An, Rpt., 14:295. 1901. 40. Can. Hort., 25:167. 1902. fig. 41. Budd- NISLSNSAVYS CARA ——s wi - diet ais brett per & # 2 5 fe " + a » a ‘ : s re " fi 2 \ . ' 4 \ , ie 3 , i J ] Cs: vie ‘ 5 >" ; ‘ } » ’ \ ‘ {i d es [: = ) & | . ioe ‘ ie es Se 25 = ee ee ee er ee rr ee ee ee — = ny re ee ia RI ENE TE EO COD IIT THe Appres oF NEw York. 8 5 Piamseietgo? Os. Ve. 42. Bruner, N.C. Sta. Bul. 182:20. 1003. 43: Pomeleand wanitun, U.S. Be P. J. Bul:, 48:43. 1903. 44. Beach and Clark, eee SiG. 5 )., 248 2122, TOOK. SynonyMs. Blumen-Calvill (31). Calwville de Gravenstein (31). Calville Grafenstemer (23, 31). Diel’s Sommerkonig (31). Early Congress (25). Grajen-Apfel (31). Grafensteimer (15, 23, 31). Grave Shige (23). Grave a iea(oanset ea): \GRAVENSTEIN (1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8, 0, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, eee tOuZ0 21.22.22) 24.25. 26, 27.28, 20, 30, 32, 33,34, 35, 30, 37, 26, 30, 40, AI, 43, 44). Gravenstein (31). GRAVENSTEINER (31). Graven- siemmer, (23). Gravenstine (31). Ohio Nonpareil (17, 23, 31). Paradies Apfel (31). Pomme Graefenstem (31). Prinzessin-Apfel (31). Ripp Apfel (21) Sabie (31). * Sabmme of the Flemings (15, 23). Strohmer (31). Stromling (31). Tom Harryman (31). Gravenstein is an apple of good size, attractive appearance and excellent quality. For culinary purposes it is perhaps unexcelled by any variety of its season. It often sells at comparatively high prices. In many sections of the state the tree is regarded as not quite hardy, being somewhat subject to sunscald and canker. It comes into bearing moderately early, is quite productive and a puctyeerchiable cropper. Uhe!crop ripens continuously during a period of several weeks and should have two or three pickings. Beginning in the latter half of September it continues in season till early November. When properly handled a considerable portion of the fruit may remain apparently sound much later than this but the color fades and the quality and flavor deteriorate. As com- pared with other varieties of its class it stands up well in good dry cold storage (44). There is apt to be considerable loss from the dropping of the fruit before it 1s properly colored and there is also a rather high percentage of low grade or unmarketable fruit. In spite of these serious faults its cultivation in commer- cial orchards is gradually increasing in some sections of the state, particularly in portions of the Hudson valley where fruit growers find it a desirable apple for both domestic and foreign markets. Historical. The following excellent account of the history of this variety was given by Hovey in 1851 (15). “The origin of the Gravenstein remains in some doubt. It is said to have been originally found in the Duke of Augustinberg’s garden at Gravenstein, in Holstein, and that the original tree was growing there in the middle of the last century; another statement is, that it derived its name from being found in the garden of the castle of Grafenstein, in Sleswick; and Diel says, that it was supposed by some to. 86 THE Apples oF NEw YorK. have been introduced from Italy. Be this as it may, it is a common apple throughout Germany and Sweden, and was received from thence into the English collections. It is undoubtedly of similar origin with the Red Astra- chan and Duchess of Oldenburg, possessing the peculiar habit of growth, form of foliage, and texture of the fruit, which distinguish the German apples. “At what time it was first introduced into our gardens we are not aware. But as neither Coxe or Thacher describe or name it, we suppose it was some time subsequent to the account given of it in the Transactions of the London Horticultural Society in 1822. It is at the present time considerably culti- vated, though not to the extent its merits deserve.” P In 1857 Captain DeWolfe stated that the Gravenstein was imported by him from Denmark in May, 1826 (20). In a letter dated October 11, 1820, published in the New England Farmer, Judge Buel, of Albany, called at- tention to the importation of Gravenstein and other German apples, trees of which he had presented to the members of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Hovey states that in view of this it appears that Gravenstein was imported to the vicinity of Albany probably prior to 1826 (20). After these early importations Gravenstein gradually found its way into cultivation in various portions of the country. For many years it has been pretty gen- erally disseminated through New York state, but in most localities it is grown to a limited extent only. TREE. Tree large, vigorous. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs medium to long, curved, moderately stout; internodes long. Bark brownish- red, mingled with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels very scattering, medium to small, oblong, not raised. Buds medium in size, plump, acute, free, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit large to above medium, fairly uniform in size but not in shape. Form oblate to roundish, somewhat irregular, broad at the base, slightly angular about the basin. Stem short to medium, thick. Cavity rather large, acute to acuminate, moderately deep to deep, rather narrow to broad, irregu- larly russeted. Calyx large, open or sometimes closed; lobes large, long, very broad, acute. Basin irregular, medium in depth to deep, medium to wide, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, wrinkled. Skin thin, tender, slightly rough, greenish-yellow to orange-yellow over- laid with broken stripes of light and dark red. Dots few, small, light. Pre- vailing effect yellow striped. Calyx tube large, conical to funnel-shape. Stamens median. Core medium in size, strongly abaxile; cells open; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels broadly ovate, emarginate. Seeds medium to large, medium in width, rather long, plump, acute to acuminate, medium brown. Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately fine, crisp, moderately tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, aromatic, very good to best. Season late September till early November. THE AppLes oF NEw York. 87 Rep TypEs OF THE GRAVENSTEIN. Several instances are known where bud sports of the Gravenstein have originated which bear highly colored red fruit, but in other respects are quite like the typical Gravenstein. Some of these sports have neither been described nor propagated but others of them have been introduced into cultivation under distinct names. Gaucher and Leroy each describe a Red Gravenstein.’ A Red Gravenstein which originated in Nova Scotia is now cultivated under the name Pankceioer an account of this variety the reader is referred to Banks, page 14. GREAT MOGUL. REFERENCES. I. Regel, 1:453. 1868. 2. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885 :24, Boome a lyon U.S. Pom. Bul. 2:41. 1888. 4. Budd, la, Sia. Bul. TOP pOmetoO2 5. Droop, Ind. Sta. Bul, 53:124. 1804. 6. Stinson, Ark. Sta: ip PiOEtOsa.) 1606, 1.7. Droop, Ind. Sta. Rpt., 12:80. 1890. 8. Ib., TEPC WIPeAIco5. S09, Q. Ragan, U. S. B. P. f. Bul., 56:128. 1905. SMNOMMVAISmGREAK NoGgur (i, 2) 3,4, 5, 6,7, 80). 54 M (3). Grosser Mogul (2, 9). Vilikui Mogul (2, 9). Fruit large, greenish, blushed and striped with red, somewhat resembling Alexander in type but tending to be more oblong, less broadly striped with carmine, and on the whole less attractive in color and form. Tree a fine grower, comes into bearing rather young, is an annual bearer and productive. It is not recommended for growing in New York. Historical. An apple of Russian origin which was introduced into the United States about twenty-five years ago (1, 2, 3). TREE. Tree a good grower when young but when full grown is rather below medium size. Form open, spreading, rather drooping with rather short stout branches and drooping laterals. Twigs below medium to short, stout, irregu- larly geniculate. Bark clear brownish-red to very dark brown almost black, mottled lightly with gray scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels very con- spicuous, medium to large, oblong, generally elongated and russeted. Buds very prominent, large, broad, plump, acute, free, lightly attached to the bark, scales not well united, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit large to very large. Form roundish ovate, sometimes varying to eblong conic or to oblate conic, slightly angular. Usually the fruit is pretty regular in form, shape and size. Stem medium to nearly long, rather thick, often clubbed or swollen. Cavity usually very acuminate, sometimes acute, moderately deep, moderately wide, sometimes with outspreading russet rays, smooth, symmetrical, often lipped. Calyx medium to rather large, closed or 1 Leroy, 1873:339. Gaucher, 1894:No. 11. 88 THE AppLes oF NEw YorK: slightly open, lobes long, broad, acute. Basin rather small, often oblique, narrow to medium in width, shallow to moderately deep, somewhat abrupt, smooth or slightly wrinkled, symmetrical. Skin rather thick, tough, smooth, somewhat waxy, pale greenish-yellow more or less overspread with rather bright pinkish-red, often indistinctly striped with carmine. Dots inconspicuous, numerous, small, scattering, gray. Calyx tube medium, elongated, conical or somewhat funnel-form with wide limb and fleshy pistil point projecting into the base. Stamens marginal to median. Core somewhat abaxile; cells often unsymmetrical, varying from wide open to nearly closed; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels broadly ovate, elongated, slightly emarginate. Seeds numerous, compactly filling the cells, medium to iarge, variable in shape, rather short, very wide, plump, obtuse or sometimes acute, light brown. Flesh nearly white, slightly tinged with yellow, not very firm, moderately fine, not crisp, tender, juicy, subacid mingled with sweet, fair to good in quality. Season October to December. GREEN SEEK-NO-FURTHER. REFERENCES. 1. Coxe, 1817:131. fig: 2. Kenrick) 1832-5 4a nota 1849:181. fig. 4. Emmons, Nat: dist: N.Y.) 338551651) eee noite 1854 :137. 6. Warder, 1867:720. 7. Downing, 1869 :202. Synonyms. Autumn Seeknofurther (4). Bracys Seek-no-further (5)- Flushing Seek-no-further (7). GREEN SEEK-No-FURTHER (3, 5, 6, 7). SEEKNOFURTHER (4). Seeknofurther (5, 7, of Coxe 3). SEEK-NO-FURTHER (1). White Seek-no-further (7). WINTER SEEK-NO-FURTHER (2). A large yellowish-green apple with faint blush of orange-red, very good in quality; season early winter. The tree is a rather slow grower, but eventually forms a regular, compact head and is quite productive. Desirable for the home orchard (1, 7.) Historical. The earliest description of this variety which we find is that given by Coxe (1) who remarks that it.is a native of one of the eastern states. Downing states that it originated in the garden of William Prince, Fiushing, N. Y. (7). It is now seldom found in cultivation in New York. FRUIT. Fruit large. Form roundish conic or a little inclined to oblate conic, ribbed. Stem short to medium, thick. Cavity large, acute to somewhat acuminate, deep, broad, more or less marked with faint greenish-russet. Calyx moderately large, closed or slightly open. Basin deep, rather wide, abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled. 7 Skin moderately thick, tough, greenish-yellow or yellow with faint orange- red blush. Dots variable, large and small, often irregular, areolar with russet center or whitish and submerged. Tue Applies or New York. 89 Calyx tube large, moderately long, wide, conical. Stamens median. Core small, axile; cells symmetrical, closed; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels roundish to broadly ovate, tufted. Seeds rather numerous, above medium, narrow, long, acute to acuminate, tufted. Flesh yellowish-white, moderately coarse, crisp, tender, very juicy, sprightly, rich subacid, very good. Season October to January. GROSH. REFERENCES. 1. Western Horticultural Review, 1853 (cited by 4). 2. Gard. WMomiiyetooL 124 (eited by, 3). 3. Kenrick, Mag. Hort., 29:73. 1863. fig. 4. Warder, 1867:464, 735. fig. 5. Warder, 1867:720. 6. Downing, 1869 :205. PivEeTOOOreO. 66.1): 1872\:-37 app. 9. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1877:10.: 10. batty, £683:350. 11. Thomas, 1885:528. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:252. Powe bWl. A5-345. 1800; 14. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:13. 15. lyon, WG Sida Wl TAS -200. 1807. 16. Vani Deman, Rural N. Y., 58:722. 1800. Deepen acanie OW. S. Bb. P. 1, Bul. 56:132. 1005. SYNONYMS. BEAUTY OF THE WEST (7, 13). Beauty of the West (17). Big Rambo (4, 8, 16, 17). Cummings Rambo (17). English Rambo (16). ETCHED Iino Or some (17). GROSH (5, 6, 14, 15, 16,17). Grosh (0). Grosh’s Mammoth (17). Large Rambo (17). Large Summer Rambo (17). Lothringer Rambour (17). Mammoth Rambo (17). Monstrous Rambo (17). Musgrove (16). Musgrove’s Cooper (4, 7, 8, 17). Naylor Rambo GA) Ou. bEAuTY (2). Olio Beauty (4, 7, 8, 16, 17). Pickaway Rambo (17). Rambour Lorraine (17). Summer Rambo (0, 17). Sweet Rambo incorrectly (17). WESTERN BEAUTY (3, 4, 8, 90, 10, 12). Western Beauty, 13, 16, 17, ° 14). Fruit large, uniform and when well colored rather attractive, being mottled and striped with red. The flesh is tender, sprightly, pleasant subacid, in season from September till early winter. The tree is a strong grower, comes into bearing early and is a reliable cropper, yielding moderate to good crops almost annually. There is apt to be considerable loss from premature dropping of the fruit. So far as we can learn this variety has been as yet but little grown in New York. It appears to be worthy of further testing. Summer Rambo much resembles this variety in general appear- ance but ripens about a month earlier. Historical. Origin unknown. It was first brought to notice in Ohio, where it has been much grown under the name of Western Beauty. TREE. Tree vigorous with very long, moderately stout, curved branches. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs long to below medium, somewhat go THE Apples oF NEw York. curved, moderately stout; internodes medium or below. Bark clear reddish- brown mingled with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lenticels clear brownish, conspicuous, quite numerous, medium or above, roundish, raised. Buds medium to large, prominent, broad, plump, obtuse, free or nearly so, slightly pubescent. FRvIT. Fruit large or very large, very uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate to somewhat conical, regular or sometimes elliptical. Stem short to above medium, moderately thick. Cavity acuminate to acute, deep, wide, often somewhat compressed, smooth and green or sometimes russeted, sym- metrical or gently furrowed, sometimes lipped. Calyx above medium to very large, usually somewhat open disclosing the yellow calyx tube; lobes sepa- rated at the base, rather long, often leafy, acute to acuminate. Basin often oblique, large, medium in depth and width to deep and rather wide, abrupt, usually somewhat furrowed. Skin thick, tough, waxy, greenish-yellow becoming clear bright yellow when fully mature, washed and mottled with bright red and striped and splashed with carmine, except in highly-colored specimens the yellow - predominates. Dots numerous, small to rather large, pale gray or russet, often areolar or whitish and submerged. . Calyx tube rather large, wide at the top, conical or approaching funnel- form. Stamens nearly basal to above median. Core small to medium, axile or somewhat abaxile with hollow cylinder in the axis; cells symmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish to ovate, emarginate, often tufted. Seeds mod- erately numerous, moderately dark brown, often abortive, medium size, mod- erately wide, obtuse to-acute. ; Flesh whitish, slightly tinged with yellow, rather firm, medium to rather coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, a little aromatic, good or some- times very good. Season September to January. GRUNDY. REFERENCES. I. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:56. 1902. 2. Budd-Hansen, 1903:05. 3. Jewell Nursery Co. Cat, 1903:7. 4. Ragan UP. Seeeae ban 56 :133. 1905. SyNoNYMS. GRUNDY (1, 2, 3, 4). Thompson Seedling No. 38 (1, 2, 3, 4). Fruit large, regular, subacid, yellow marbled with red. Season September and October. Tree vigorous, spreading, productive. Originated from seed taken from New York to Grundy county, Iowa, by Mrs. J. S. B. Thompson in 1861. It has received favorable notice as a hardy variety in that region, but has not been sufficiently tested in this state to determine its value here (2). A rmsetttt sistas, HAAS THE AppLes OF NEW YORK. QI HAAS. REFERENCES. 1. Horticulturist, 25:55. 1870. 2. Downing, 1872:10 app. fig. 3. Barry, 1883:345. 4. Thomas, 1885:512. 5. Can. Hort., 11:60, 73. 1888. 6. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. 7. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 1:24. 1894. 8. Stinson, Ark. Sta. Bul., 43:103. 1806. 9. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1896:70. 10. Waugh, Vi. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:296. 1901. 11. Munson, Me. Sta. ii ae2eOs 1002. 12.) Wickens and (Greene, Kan, Sia, Bul., 106:53. 1002. ieemictansenson 2) Sia. Bul. 7:50. Too2, 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903706. fg. BomLionranidee GH, Sta. bibl. 205-44.” 1903. 16. Beach and Clark, N. V. Sta: Bul., 248 :123. 1904. SMOG KALE OUREN (2) 3.7). “Fall Oween- (4, 5, 14, 160). Gros OMmMICia 2.0). Gros Pomnier (2). HAAS (5, 6, 0, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14; 15, 16). LiG¢sm2asip EL ELASS (8). Elorse, of some (@). Eloss (1). Hoss (2). Fruit of good medium size and very attractive bright red color but only fair in quality. With some growers it has proved profit- able because the tree comes into bearing young and is very thrifty, hardy and productive, but on account of the inferior quality of its fruit doubtless it will be eventually wholly supplanted by better kinds. Historical. Originated on the grounds of Gabriel Cerré, St. Louis, Mo. (2). It has been widely disseminated throughout the Middle West and Southwest where it is recognized as one of the hardiest of American apples. In New York it has been planted to a limited extent only and its cultivation is not increasing. TREE. Tree large, very vigorous with long, slender branches. Form at first com- paratively tall and upright but becoming spreading or roundish. Twigs long, curved, slender with large terminal buds; internodes long. Bark brown or reddish-brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, oval, not raised. Buds medium to large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit medium to above. Form oblate a little inclined to conic, somewhat ribbed; sides usually unequal. Stem medium to short, thick, often partly red. Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, broad, usually symmetrical, more or less covered with thin greenish-russet. Calyx small to medium, closed or nearly - so; lobes separated at base, short, narrow, acuminate. Basin moderately narrow, rather deep, abrupt, smooth or slightly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin thin, tough, smooth, yellow, mottled, washed and nearly covered with deep bright red or brownish-red, striped and splashed with deep carmine. Dots small to rather large, inconspicuous, numerous, pale or russet. Prevail- mg effect red striped with carmine. Q2 Tue AppLes OF NEw York. Calyx tube very variable, rather long and wide, conical or approaching funnel-form. Stamens median or below. Core below medium to above, somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, open or sometimes closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish to elliptical. Seeds dark brown, medium to large, of medium width, plump, acute. Flesh white, often stained with red, firm, moderately fine, a little tough, moderately juicy to juicy, sprightly subacid, aromatic, a little astringent, poor to fair or sometimes nearly good. Seasow% October to early winter. In common storage the ordinary com- mercial limit is November (16). HAGLOE., REFERENCES, 1. Coxe, 1817:107. fig. 2. Thacher s1822¢12Geseceeuescen— den, 1828:131. 4. Downing, Horticulturist, 3:249. 1848. 5. Thomas, 1849: 141. 6. Downing, 1854:146. 7. Elliott, 1854:137. 8. Hooper, 1857:42. 9. Horticulturist, 14:425. 1850: 10. Am. Pom. Soc. Cot, 180255 ee angets 1867506. 12. Barry, 1883 :334. 13. Bailey, An. Hort, 1802221 0neuaee rae Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:17. 15. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :96. SYNONYMS. HElAGLOE (7, 8, Il, 12) 13, 14, 15)) EUAcrom CraumGrec ee resit incorrectly. SumMMER HAGLoE (4, 5, 6, 9, 10). Summer Hagloe (7). In 1817 Coxe gave the following description of this variety (1). “ The fruit, when fully ripe, has a yellow ground streaked with bright red — the size about middling, the form round, flat at the ends; the stalk large — the flesh remarkably soft and woolly, but not dry —the taste acid, but highly flavoured. * * * It ripens in August and September; keeps a long time without rotting —it bears abundantly and early: the growth of the tree is very uncommon; thick strong shoots; buds, particularly at the extremity of the branches, very large; the colour of the wood dark —the size of the tree small: the Hagloe is an uncommonly fine cooking apple; and from its great beauty and large size, added to its abundant bearing, is a valuable market Ercuitees The tree is not a very good grower but comes into bearing rather young and yields moderate to good crops annually or nearly annually. The quality of the fruit is such that it is valued chiefly for culinary use and market. It is of good size and pretty uniform but the color is predominantly pale yellow rather faintly striped with red. It is not sufficiently attractive for a good market sort. Historical. It is now held that Hagloe originated in America (14, 15). Coxe and some later writers confused this variety with the English cider fruit known as Hagloe Crab but eventually this error was discovered (4) and the name Summer Hagloe came to be commonly accepted among pomol- ogists for this variety, under which name it was listed by the American Pomological Society in 1862 (10). In 1899 the name was changed to Hag- loe (14) in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society. This variety is but little known in New York. TREE. Tree rather small, a slow grower with moderately long, crooked branches. Form flat, spreading, rather dense. wigs short, straight, stout with large Tur Appres or New York. 93 terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark brown with some olive-green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lemnticels scattering, large to medium, oblong, raised. Buds medium to large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. FRvIT. Fruit medium to large, pretty uniform. Form roundish truncate to roundish conic, ribbed; sides often unequal. Stem short to medium, rather thick. Cavity acute, medium in width and depth, symmetrical, russeted and with rather irregular, outspreading russet. Calyx below medium to above, closed or open; lobes often separated at the base, narrow, acuminate. Basin moderately deep, narrow to medium in width, abrupt, nearly smooth. Skin rather tender, smooth, somewhat glossy, pale greenish-yellow washed and mottled with pinkish-red marked with splashes and narrow stripes of bright carmine. Dots light, inconspicuous. Prevailing effect yellow, faintly striped. Calyx tube moderately long, wide, conical. Stamens basal. Core usually small, axile to abaxile; cells usually open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly ovate, emarginate, tufted. Seeds rather light brown, small to medium, roundish, very plump, obtuse. Flesh white, moderately fine, tender, rather juicy, sprightly subacid, good for culinary purposes. Season late August and September. HARVEST REDSTREAK, REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1857:214. 2. Warder, 1867:436. 3. Downing, Bee oEE eA Homas, 1875:°501. 5. Ragan, U. S. B. P. J. Bul.,-56:138. 1905. Synonyms. Early Red Pippin (5). Early Redstreak (2). Early Red Sireak (3). Harvest REDSTREAK (2, 5). HArvesT RED STREAK (I, 3, 4). Striped Harvest (3, 5). Fruit of medium size, smooth, greenish-yellow or whitish striped and splashed with red. Flesh whitish, coarse, subacid, good for culinary use; season August and September. It is not sufficiently attractive in color for a good market variety. The tree is medium to large, with round head, mod- erately vigorous to very vigorous and yields good to heavy crops biennially. Historical. This is an old variety of unknown origin. It is rarely found in New York and is now seldom or never planted. HASKELL, REFERENCES. I. Manning, Mag. Hort., 6:172. 1840. 2. [b., 7:45. 1841. 3. Thomas, 1849:145. fig. 4. Cole, 1849:108. fig. 5. Cultivator, 6:342. meee O Batty. 1851-284. 7. Elliott, 1854:137. 8 Gregg, 1857:43. 9. Downing, 1857:82. 10. Warder, 1867:385. 11. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890 :292. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. 13. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53: 278. 1894. 14. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. J. Bul., 48:44. 1903. 15. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:124. 1904. 94 | THE Apples oF NEw York. SyNoNYMS. HASKELL (14, 15). HasKELL Sweet (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Ii, 12, 13). Haskell Sweet (4, 14, 15). SASSAFRAS SWEET (4). Sassafras weet (6, 7, 8, 9). Fruit large, of good appearance for a greenish-yellow apple, sweet, excellent for culinary use, in season from September to late fall or early winter. The crop does not ripen uniformly. The earliest ripening fruit becomes fully mature in September while at the same time others are green and hard. In ordinary storage the commercial limit appears to be early November and in cold storage the middle of January (15). The tree is a thrifty grower, comes into bearing moderately young and yields full crops bien- nially. Desirable for the home orchard. Historical. Origin, Ipswich, Mass. (2, 5). It is not commonly known in New York. It is occasionally listed by nurserymen (12) but is now seldom planted. TREE. Tree large, vigorous; branches long, moderately stout with numerous small spurs. Form upright spreading or roundish, rather open. Twigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout; internodes long. Bark brown, heavily mottled with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, small, round, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit large or above medium, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish or oblate, regular. Stem short, usually not exserted. Cavtiy acute to acumi- nate, deep or moderately deep, moderately narrow to rather wide, somewhat furrowed, russeted and with some outspreading russet rays. Calyx large, closed. Basin wide, moderately deep, rather abrupt, smooth er somewhat wrinkled. Skin greenish-yellow, more or less dotted and flecked with russet, occa- sionally with a bronze blush. Dots numerous, large, dark. Calyx tube large, cone-shape to funnel-form. Stamens median. Core rather small, axile; cells symmetricai, closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broad at the middle narrowing toward base and apex, emarginate. Seeds medium size, short, plump, obtuse. Flesh vellowish, a little coarse, moderately crisp, tender, very sweet, aro- matic, very good in flavor and quality. Season September to late fall or early winter. HAWLEY. REFERENCES. I. Hovey, Mag. Hort. 13 :112, 535. 1847. fee 2) CulA- vator, 4:114. 1847. fig. 3. Leavenworth, Horticulturist, 2:27. 1847. fig. 4. Cultivator, 5:246. 1848. 5. Cole, 1849:112. fig. 6. Thomas, 1849:156. — HAWLEY ST TE ET ae ee THe AppLes oF NEw York. 95 peepee eimmons, Nat Hast; N. V., 3:48. 1851. col. pl. No. 24, fig. 8. ifeweye2-3Q. 1651. col. pl. and fig. 9. Barry, 1851:284. 10. Horticulturtst, meotwios2) 11. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852: 12. Mag. Hort., 19:68. 1853. 13. Elliott, 1854:137. 14. Mag. Hort., 20:241. 1854. 15. Downing, 1857 :82. 16. Gregg, 1857:44. fig. 17. Hooper, 1857:43. 18. Horticulturist, 13:481. Las TQwe\atder, 1607-410: wg. 20. Leroy, 1873:375. hg. 21. Bailey, Pie AOfie to92-240, 22. Wateh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:206. Toot. smnomwmns) Youwse (3, 5, 8, 10, 13, 20). Dows (1, 3, 8 13, 20). Dowse a OnOwtO. 10, 2022). TIAWLEY (1; 2; 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 0, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, lo Zano 10, 20; 21, 22). Howley (20). Hawley is a very large apple of the Fall Pippin type in color, size and form. When the color is fully developed it is a handsome yellow. Season September and October. It is of delicious dessert quality and desirable for the home orchard but not well adapted for market because the tree is not very productive and the fruit often is scabby and sometimes it water-cores and rots at the core. The tree is a moderate grower in the nursery but in the orchard it is rather vigorous, medium in size to large, hardy and rather long- lived. It does not come into bearing very young. When mature it bears quite regularly but is usually a light or moderate cropper. Historical. Originated on the farm of Mr. Mathew Hawley, New Canaan, N. Y., about 1750, from seeds which Mr. Hawley obtained from Milford, Conn Gi, 3)) Uhe original tree lived nearly a century. The variety gradually became disseminated throughout New York state. It has long been known in cultivation in different parts of the state, particularly in Columbia, Onondaga, Cayuga, Tompkins, Seneca and Monroe counties. It is now rarely listed by nurserymen and is seldom planted. Fruit. Fruit large or very large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form nearly globular to somewhat oblate or slightly conic, sometimes inclined-to elliptical, more or less distinctly ribbed. Stem medium in length, rather slender. Cavity acute to nearly obtuse, deep, wide and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx below medium to rather large, partly closed; lobes often separated at base, reflexed, wide, acute. Basin moderateiy deep to deep, medium to wide, very abrupt, often decidedly furrowed. Skin fair, smocth, waxy, rather thin, pale green deepening to yellow as it matures, sometimes showing a faint brownish blush, with scattering russet dots and flecks especially toward the cavity. Calyx tube large, wide, cone-shape, yellow or brownish. Core below medium to above; cells closed; core lines meeting. Carpels rather flat, tufted, roundish, emarginate. Sceds few, obtuse. When well developed they are medium in size, but often some are abortive. 96 THE Apples OF NEw YCRK. Flesh tinged with yellow, soft, very tender, rather fine-grained, juicy, rich, mild subacid, very good especially for dessert. Season September to November or later. HAW THORNDEN. REFERENCES. 1. Hooker, Pom. Lond., 1813:T. 44 (cited by 2). 2. Forsyth, 1824:106. 3. Pom. Mag., 1828:No. 34. col. pl. 4. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 530. 5. Mag. Hort., 1:326. 1835. 6. Manning, 1838:48. 7. I0.; Mag. Hort., 7:45. 1841. 8. Downing, 1845:86. 9. Cole, 1849:113 ‘to. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 17:18. 1851. fig. 11. Barry, 1851%:284. 12. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:40. 1851. 13. Mag. Hort, 19:174. 16535245 elo, 1854:171. 15. Gregg, 1857:43. 16. Hooper, 1857:43. 17. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 18. Warder, 1867:410. fig. 19. Leroy 2873-370 ee: Thomas, 1875:501. 21. Montreal Hori. Soc. Rpt., 1:10. 1876. 22. ID., 5:24. 1879. 23. Hogg, 1884:105. 24. Kural N. Vo Ag¢23 sees 25. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 26. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :241. 27. Gaucher, 1894:No. 13. col. pl.. 28. Dempsey, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt. 1:24. 1894. fig. 29. Bunvard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898 :354. SynonyMs. Hawley (27) but erroneously. HAWTHORNDEAN (2, 6, 7). Hawthorndean (23). HAWTHORNDEN (1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29). Lincolnshire Pippin (27). Lord Kingston (27). Maiden’s Blush erroneously (10). Old Hawthorn- dean (23, 27). Pomme de Hawthornden (27). Red Hawthornden (10). Shoreditch White (27). Weisser Hawthornden (27). Wheelers Kernel (27). White Apple (27). White Hawthorndean (23, 27). Wiite Haw- thornden (3, 4, 8, 10, 12, 14). J A Scotch variety which has done fairly well in various parts of this country from New England to California. Warder (18) says of it: “This famous Scotch fruit appears to do very well in this country, but it must yield the palm to its American cousin and representative, the Maiden’s Blush, which possesses all its good qualities as a market and kitchen fruit, with attractive appearance.” The tree is said to be a vigorous grower and a biennial cropper, and the fruit is above medium to large, regular, fair, white sometimes nearly over- spread with faint blush that deepens to bright red in the sun. Flesh mild subacid, not of high flavor, pleasant, good. Season September and October. We are not acquainted with this variety. It appears to be but little known among New York fruit growers. It is still occasionally listed by nursery- men (26). HIBERNAL, REFERENCES. 1. Budd, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880:525. 2. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881:156. 3. Tuttle, /b., 8:136.. 1881-82. 4- Jb, 2883-08: 5. Gibb, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:440. 6. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885 :15. 7. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87 :15. 8. Schroeder, /0., 1886-87 :71. 9. Craig, [b., 1886-87:103. 10. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1890:20. 11. Can. Hort., 13:216. 18090. 12. Budd, fa. Sia. Bul., 19:537. 1602) sgueeadere An. Hort., 1892:241. 14. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpi., 1892:57, 58. 15- Tue Apptes oF NEw York. 97 Freeborn, Nat. Nurseryman, 1894:132. 16. Can. Hort., 17:7. 1804. 17. Gard. and For., 8:340. 1895. 18. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1896:74. 19. Waugh, Mi Sia Bul. 65-320. 1807. 20. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:13. 21. Troop, Ind. Mim om iept. 12:80. 18990. 22. Waugh, Vt. Ste. An. Rpt, 14:206. 1001. 23. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Bul., 37:39. 1901. 24. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:57. 1002. fig. 25. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 1902:83, 87. 26. Budd- Hansen, 1903:98. fig. SunoOncness IPERNAL (FE 2.3.4 5.6, 7, 0; 10, II, 12-13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, Mees 2A 2526). Habernal.(8). No. 378 (1, 2; 4, 5, ©, 10, 12, 15, 18, 25, 26). Orsimu (4, 5, 6). OstmoE (8). Romna (23). A Russian variety which is proving valuable in portions of the Upper Mis- sissippi valley and the Northwest because of its ability to withstand the rigor- ous climatic conditions of those regions. Hansen says of it: “This variety represents what is probably the hardiest type of the Russian race of apples; there are several sorts closely resembling, or identical with, Hibernal. Tree vigor- ous, very spreading, productive. The strong spreading growth makes it especially desirable as a stock for top-grafting, probably the best we have at the present time. Fruit large, irregular, oblate to roundish oblate coni- cal; skin thick; surface greenish-yellow, with a dull bronze mixed red on sunny side, with a few dull crimson splashes; dots white, minute, obscure, often some large russet dots; cavity regular, medium deep, with a large patch of russet radiating out irregularly over nearly the entire base, this is a marked characteristic; stem medium, often short; basin narrow, rather shallow, wrinkled; calyx half open or open. Core closed, meeting; tube funnel-shaped; stamens median; seeds few; flesh acid, with some astrin- gency, juicy, good for cooking. Early winter” (24, 26). Macoun reports “Flesh yellowish, crisp, tender, juicy, acid; core small; quality above medium; season September to November. Tree very hardy, a strong, spreading grower, and very productive. Although not a good dessert fruit this is a fine cooking apple and on account of its great hardiness and productiveness is one of the best of the Russian apples” (23). HICKS. REFERENCES. 1. Hicks, Horticulturist, 21:333. 1866. fig. 2. Downing, meer 3. Burrill and MecCluer, Jl. Sta. Bul., 45:308, 316, 324. 1806. 4. Thomas, 1897 :639. S¥NONYMS. Buckram (2, 3). HicKs (1, 2, 3, 4). A sweet apple of medium size, yellowish striped and splashed with crim- son; season middle of August. It is but little known except in certain locali- ties on Long Island. Not recommended for general planting in this state. Historical. Hicks originated as a chance seedling and was brought to notice by Isaac Hicks, North Hempstead, L. I. (1, 2). HIGHTOP SWEET, REFERENCES. 1. Thacher, 1822:128. 2. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:390. 1848. 3. Cole, 1849:97. 4. Phoenix, Horticulturist, 4:472. 1850. 5. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:16. 1851. fig. 6. Elliott, 1854:139. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. 98 THE Apples oF NEw York. Cat., 1856. 8. Mag. Hort., 22:181. 1856. 9. Downimne)) 2857-5 53e ete. Gregg, 1857:40. 11. Warder, 1867:553. 12. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1869-33. 13. Fitz, 1872:145. 14. Thomas, 1875:180.. 15. Downing, 185E-1uemmdex. app. 16. Barry, 1883 :333. 17. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890-202. 18. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:250. 19. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:132. 20. Hos- kins, Rural N. Y., 1894:248. 21. Budd-Hansen, 1903:99. fig. Synonyms. Early Sweet (15). HicH Top Sweet (19). High Top Sweet (13). HicHtor Sweet (21). HicH Tor Sweetine (1, 5, 6, 8, 12, 15). High Top Sweeting? (2, 3). SUMMER SWEET (3). Summer Sweet (5, 6, 9, 14). SUMMER SWEETING (2). SWEET JUNE (4, 10, 13, 18). Sweet June (6, 9, I1, Yl, “1@)s. 10), AIO), irs) Fruit of medium size; flesh yellowish, very sweet, rich and of very good quality; season July and August. Tree upright, vigorous, very productive. Historical. In 1822 Thacher (1) remarked: “ This tree, it is believed, is peculiar to the old Plymouth colony. The first settlers, either from choice, or for want of other varieties, cultivated it more generally than any other apple. It is now much on the decline. The fruit is under the middle size; of a yellowish colour, pleasant taste; but chiefly used for baking, and for drying. It is ripe in August, and is not long preserved. The tree is remark- able for its long upright stem.” It appears that this variety was introduced into Ohio from Connecticut and Massachusetts and afterward disseminated westward under the name of Sweet June. In 1892 Bailey (18) found that although various nurserymen were offering Sweet June for sale none of them mentioned Hightop Sweet. Some have held that the Sweet June of the West is not identical with the Hightop Sweet of Massachusetts (12). We have not had the opportunity of determining whether this is true, but if they are identical it appears strange that the name Hightop Sweet should be entirely dropped by those who are propagating it in the West. This variety is but little known in New York. HILAIRE. REFERENCES. I. Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:453. 2. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:95. 3. Bailey, Mich. Sta. Bul., 31:54. 1887. 4. Downing, 1881 :102 app. fg. 5. Waugh, Vi. Sia, Bul> 83-87-1900! Synonyms. Cabane du Chien (3, 5, 6). Fameuse Baldwin, of some (5). Sit) leboonman (Gy 2, 3 25 &, ©). An apple which resembles Fameuse in the color of its skin and in the color and texture of its flesh, but the flesh has more of a sprightly acid flavor and the fruit keeps better than that of Fameuse. Waugh reports (5) that it is not now grown in the vicinity of its origin. Professor U. P. Hed- rick of the Michigan Agricultural College, who supplied the fruit for the following description, states that as grown in Michigan the variety is hardy, productive and gives promise of being a valuable acquisition. Historical. This is said to have originated in the orchard of Alexis Dery, Quebec (4). Probably a seedling of Fameuse (2). So far as we know it is not grown in New York. THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 99 TREE. Tree large, vigorous; a heavy alternate bearer (2). Twigs short, curved, slender; internodes short. Bark dark brown, with light coat of streaked scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, oblong, raised. Buds small, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent. FRuIt. Fruit medium to above, uniform in size. Form oblate to roundish-oblate, rather irregular. Stem medium, moderately slender. Cavity acuminate or acute, moderately deep and broad, not russeted, symmetrical. Calyx medium, usually closed; lobes broad, obtuse. Basin medium in depth to shallow, mod- erately wide to rather narrow, rather abrupt, slightly wrinkled, symmetrical. Skin thin, tender, smooth, pale yellow or whitish almost completely over- spread with attractive red of the Fameuse hue becoming as highly colored as the Fameuse or McIntosh and covered with faint bloom; stripes obscure if any. Dots very numerous, small, red, sometimes gray or russet. Prevatling effect brilliant deep pinkish-red deepening to purplish-red. Calyx tube long, rather narrow, funnel-shape. Stamens median to basal. Core nearly axile, small to medium; cells closed or partly open; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels round, slightly emarginate. Seeds dark, numerous, medium to large, wide, obtuse to acute. Flesh whitish sometimes tinged with red, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, good to very good. Season November to January. A better keeper than Fameuse. HILTON. REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1857:151. 2. Warder, 1867:721. 3. Thomas, 1875 :502. ; SynonyMs. None. This variety originated in Columbia county, N. Y. According to Down- ing (1) the tree is vigorous and productive: the fruit large, yellowish-green, subacid, excellent for culinary purposes. Season September and October. So far as we can discover this variety is not now known in cultivation. HOADLEY, REFERENCES. I. Goff, Wis. Sta. An. Rpt., 11:347. 1894. 2 Ib., Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1899 :236. SyNonyYMS. None. A variety of the Oldenburg type which much resembles Olden- burg except that its season is about a month later. It is decidedly attractive in general appearance and of good quality for culinary purposes. The tree is a moderate grower, comes into bearing early and so far as tested here is very productive. It appears to be worthy of testing where an apple of this type is desired. 100 Tur Apples or NEW York: Historical. Received from the Wisconsin Experiment Station in 1896 for testing at this Station. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading when young. Twigs short, straight, stout; internodes medium. Bark brown and reddish-brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium to large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit above medium to large, sometimes very large. Form roundish oblate inclined to conic, a little angular; sides unequal. Stem short, thick to slen- der. Cavity acute to obtuse, deep, broad, pretty symmetrical, thinly and irregularly russeted. Calyx rather jarge, closed or partly open; lobes long, broad, acute to obtuse. Basin deep to medium in depth, rather narrow to moderately wide, abrupt, slightly furrowed. Skin moderately thick, tough, attractive yellow or greenish-yellow iargely overspread with rather light bright red, mottled and irregularly striped and splashed with carmine. Dots inconspicuous, small, submerged, pale. Calyx tube variable, short, rather wide, funnel-shape, sometimes broadly conical with core lines meeting. Stamens median to nearly marginal. Core medium size, abaxile; cells open; core lines meeting or slightly clasp- ing. Carpels broadly cordate or elliptical, slightly tufted. Seeds medium or below, wide, moderately long, usually plump, rather obtuse, dark colored. Flesh tinged with yellow, pretty firm, a little coarse, crisp, tender, very juicy, brisk subacid, good. Season late September to November. . HOG ISLAND SWEEm REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1857:152. .2. Warder, 1867:721. 3. Downing, 1872 :10 index, app. - 4. Thomas, 1875:502. 5. Lyon, Mich. Hort Soc: Icpt., 1890 :202. SynonyMs. Hoc ISLanp Sweet (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). Sweet Pippin (1). Van Kleek’s Sweet. (3). A beautiful and excellent sweet apple in season from September to early winter. It is an old variety which had its origin on Hog Island, near Long Island, N. Y. (1). It is but little known. The tree is vigorous and pro- ductive. FRUIT. Fruit medium to large, pretty uniform. Form roundish conical to oblate, broad at the base, regular or obscurely ribbed. Stem short to medium, mod- erately thick. Cavity acute, deep, rather broad, heavily russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to large, closed or partly open; lobes short, broad, acute. Basin shallow to medium in depth, narrow to moderately wide, abrupt, broadly furrowed. Skin thick, rather tough, somewhat roughened with flecks and patches of russet, pale yellow or greenish washed and mottled with red overlaid with HOADLEY THE APPLES OF NEW YoRK. IOI broad and narrow stripes and splashes of carmine. Dots numerous, small, russet. Prevailing effect bright striped red over a yellow background. Calyx tube long, wide, conical to funnel-shape. Stamens basal to median. Core small to medium, abaxile to nearly axile; cells somewhat unsym- metrical, open; core lines slightly clasping the funnel cylinder or meeting. Carpels roundish obovate to elliptical, emarginate. Seeds medium or below, sometimes tufted, rather wide, rather short, plump, acute to somewhat obtuse. Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, very sweet, somewhat aromatic, good to very good. Season September to early winter. HOLLAND PIPPIN, REFERENCES. I. Coxe, 1817:109. fig. 2. Downing, 1845:86. 3. Jb., Hor- ticulturist, 3:345. 1848. 4. Thomas, 1849:156. fig. 5. Cole, 1849:I1I0. 6. Downing, Chas., Horticulturist, 8:196. 1853. 7. Elliott, 1854:138. 8. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 22:555. 1856. fig. 9. Hooper, 1857:45. 10. Gregg, 1857 :37- 11. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 12. Warder, 1867:506. 13. Wick- son, 1889:244. 14. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 15. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:241. 16. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:124. 1904. SyNoNYMS. FALL PIPPIN (1). French Pippin (7). HoLitanp PIPPIN (1, Bae 6. 7, 8, O, 10, II, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16). Pie Apple (2, 7,8). Reinette @Hollande (2). Reinette dHolland (7). Summer Pippin (2, 7, 8). There are two varieties in cultivation in New York under the name Holland Pippin. One is a winter apple in season from late autumn to April or May which has already been described under the name Holland Winter, Vol. I., page 159. The other begins to ripen earlier than Fall Pippin and is in season during September and October. This variety was formerly confused by some with the Fall Pippin. The following comparison of the two varieties was given by Downing in 1848 (3). “The Holland Pippin, though considerably resembling this apple in the growth of the tree, and size and shape of the fruit, is a totally distinct apple from the Fall Pippin. In fact, while the Fall Pippin is one of the best autumn table apples (at least in this dis- trict), the Holland Pippin is of very inferior quality for dessert, and is, in fact. only a cooking apple. Asa kitchen fruit, however, it is one of the most valuable summer fruits we know — for it bears regularly and well, comes into use at the beginning of August, and continues fit for pies, tarts, and sauce, until October, when the Fall Pippin begins to ripen. The Holland Pippin is fit for use while 102 THE ArPeLes or NEw YorkK the skin is quite green, but the Fall Pippin, not until it turns quite yellow. Finally, the stalk of the Holland Pippin is short, and set i] a wide cavity, while that of the Fall Pippin is large, and set in a cavity often narrow, and comparatively shallow. With these points of difference, these two apples ought not to be confounded.” Holland Pippin is grown to a limited extent for market. It appears to be more valued for this purpose in certain portions of the Hudson valley than in other sections of the state. The fruit is large and when kept free from scab its general appearance is good for a green apple. ‘The crop ripens unevenly. Some of the apples ripen early and are correspondingly short-lived while others ripen later and keep correspondingly later. It varies greatly in keeping qualities in different seasons, some years keeping well till late fall or early winter (16). The tree is a good grower, hardy or nearly so, healthy, pretty long-lived and generally quite pro- ductive yielding moderate to heavy crops biennially or sometimes annually. Historical. Origin unknown. It is an old variety which has long been in cultivation in this and adjoining states. It is still listed by nurserymen but it is not being planted to any considerable extent. TREE. Tree large or moderately large, vigorous. Form spreading or roundish. Twigs medium to long, curved, stout; internodes medium. Bark dark brown, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small to medium, oval, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit usually large or very large, sometimes medium, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish often decidedly flattened at the end varying to oblate conic, obscurely ribbed. Stem medium to short, usually rather slender. Cavity acute or sometimes acuminate, medium in width to broad, moderately shallow to deep, usually covered with thick outspreading russet. Calyx pubescent, medium to small, closed or partly open; lobes rather long, acute. Basin usually rather shallow but varying to moderately deep, medium in width to rather narrow, abrupt to somewhat obtuse, ridged and wrinkled. Skin thin, tough, nearly smooth, rather pale yellow or greenish with more or less of a brownish-red blush which is conspicuously marked with large, irregular, areolar dots. Dots numerous, large and small, often submerged and greenish. HOOK Be ee \ SS eco seen? THE APPLES OF NEW YoRK. 103 Calyx tube wide, broadly conical to truncate funnel-form. Stamens below median to basal. Core medium to large, abaxile;-cells unsymmetrical, open; core lines meet- ing or somewhat clasping. Carpels broad, narrowing toward base and apex, slightly emarginate, a little tufted. Seeds medium size, rather narrow, acute to somewhat acuminate. Flesh nearly white, medium to slightly coarse-grained, moderately crisp, rather tender, very juicy, brisk subacid, good for culinary uses. Season September and October. HOOK. REFERENCE. I. (?) Mich. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1880 :183. Synonyms. None. Fruit of good medium size, rather attractive pale yellow with tender flesh of mild subacid flavor. It is in season during October and November. It is especially esteemed for dessert use. Historical. This variety was received from Schoharie county, N. Y., where it is well known and has the reputation of being one of the most desirable dessert apples of its season. We have not yet been able to deter- mine its origin, nor the extent of its distribution. FRUIT. Fruit medium size, pretty uniform in shape and size. Form roundish ovate or inclined to oblong conic, sometimes roundish truncate. Stem short, rather slender. Cavity acuminate, moderately shallow to deep, broad, often lipped, smooth or with some outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium size, usually somewhat open; lobes rather narrow to wide, acute to acuminate. Basin medium in width and depth, obscurely furrowed and wrinkled. . Skin smooth, clear yellow or greenish-yellow. Dots inconspicuous, minute, usually submerged. Calyx tube large, conical or approaching funnel-form. Stamens median or below. Core rather small, axile; cells symmetrical, closed or a little open; core lines meeting or somewhat clasping. Carpels smooth, flat, obcordate to elliptical, emarginate. Seeds medium brown, rather large, wide, flat, obtuse. Flesh whitish with slight tinge of yellow, very tender, fine-grained, juicy, mild subacid, somewhat aromatic, very good. Season October and November. HOWARD BEST. REFERENCES. 1. Bailey, Mich. Sta. Bul., 31:52. 1887. 2. N. Y. Sta. An. ip, TE=223. 1802. Synonyms. Howarp’s Best (2). Howarn’s Best RussIAN (1). 104 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. This is an attractive apple which bears a decided resemblance to Alexander in form, color and quality. The tree is a moderate grower, comes into bear- ing rather young and yields moderate to good crops almost annually. We have not yet determined whether or not it is superior to Alexander. Historical. Received in 1892 for testing at this Station from C. G. Patten, Charles City; Ja. (2). - TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with short, moderately stout, crooked branches. Form rather flat and spreading, inclined to droop. Twigs short, straight, slender with large terminal buds; internodes short to medium. Bark dull brown tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, oblong, not raised. Buds small, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit above medium, usually large to very large. Form oblate conic, rather flat at the base, somewhat ribbed, symmetrical. Stem medium to long, thick. Cavity acute, deep, medium in width to wide, symmetrical, sometimes com- pressed, heavily russeted. Calyx large, open; lobes separated at base, short, narrow, acute. Basin moderately shallow to rather deep, rather narrow, abrupt, distinctly furrowed to nearly smooth. Skin rather tough, smooth, waxy, light yellowish-green, mottled, striped and splashed with bright, dark red over a large part of' the suriace. Dots indistinct, medium size, gray, scattering. Calyx tube short, wide, conical or approaching funnel-form. Stamens basal to median. Core medium size, nearly axile; cells closed or slightly open; core Hines clasping or nearly meeting. Carpels very broadly ovate or inclined to ellipti- cal, slightly emarginate, tufted. Seeds medium to small, wide, short, rather flat, obtuse. Flesh slightly tinged with yellow, firm, rather coarse, tender, very juicy, sprightly subacid, fair to good. Season September and October. HUNTER PIPPIN. REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1876:54 app. Synonyms. None. A chance seedling which originated in Westport, N. Y. Downing de- scribes the tree as moderately vigorous and a good annual bearer; fruit medium size, whitish-vellow; flesh brisk subacid: season August (1). So far as we can learn this variety is not being propagated. HURLBUT. REFERENCES. 1. Cole, 1849:118. fig. 2. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:31. 1851. col. pl. and fig. 3. Downing, 1857:155. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cai., 1862. 5. Warder, 1867:722. 6. Thomas, 1875:201. 7. Barry, 1883:347- 8. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 9g. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:241. 10. Mun- THE Apples CF NEw York. 105 Baie. Sia: Rpt, 1893 :133. 11. Dempsey, Ont. Fr. Stas..An. Rpt., 1:24. 1894. 12. Burrill and McCluer, JIll. Sta. Bul., 45:326. 1806. 13. Munson, Me. Sia. An. Rpi., 18:80. 1902. 14. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:45. 1003. 15. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:126. -1904. punanvnrs: lURLBURT (2). ElURLBUT (1, 3) 4,6; 7, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 13, 14, 15). Hurlbut Stripe (3). Huriputt (5). The general appearance of Hurlbut is good yet it is not particu- larly attractive either in size or color nor does it take first rank for either home use or market. The tree is a strong grower, comes into bearing moderately young and yields heavy crops biennially. Because of the tendency of the tree to overproduction in bearing years the size of the fruit is in many cases reduced and a con- siderable portion of it is too small to be marketable. Hurlbut has proved to be a profitable variety with some fruit growers but although it has long been known in cultivation and has been quite widely disseminated it has nowhere gained prominence as a com- mercial variety. Historical. In 1849 Cole (1) wrote: “ The original tree is still flourishing on the farm of General Leonard Hurlbut, Winchester, Conn.” It is still quite frequently listed by nurserymen (Q) but is not being planted to any consider- able extent. TREE. Tree rather large, vigorous or moderately vigorous. Form spreading or roundish and somewhat inclined to droop. Twigs moderately long, slightly curved, moderately stout to rather slender; internodes below medium to short. Bark dark brown to clear brownish-red, heavily mottled with scarf- skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, round, slightly raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit below medium to above, fairly uniform in size and shape. Forn roundish, slightly oblate or inclined to oblate conic, somewhat angular, rather symmetrical. Stem medium to short, rather slender. Cavity acute, shallow to medium in depth, medium in width, symmetrical or compressed, usually covered with heavy outspreading russet. Calyx medium or below, usually closed; lobes medium to long, narrow, acute. Basin shallow to medium in depth, narrow to nearly medium in width, somewhat abrupt, smooth or slightly wrinkled. Skin thick, tough, smooth, greenish-yellow largely overspread with brown- ish-red or dull red, splashed and striped with carmine. Dots scattering, in- conspicuous, usually submerged, sometimes russet. Calyx tube very short, wide, truncate conical with fleshy pistil point pro- jecting into the base. Stamens marginal. Core medium size, abaxile; cells wide open to nearly closed; core lines 106 THE Apples oF NEw York. meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels nearly round. Seeds numerous, rather large, moderately wide, long, rather plump, acute. Flesh white or yellowish, moderately firm, rather fine, tender, crisp, very juicy, aromatic, mildly subacid, good to very good. Season variable; October to December or January (15). ISHAM. REFERENCES. 1. Bailey, An. Hort.; 1892:242. 2. Hoskins» ual) 53:310. 1804. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:17. 4. Hansen, Sp 2 oes sou) 76:60. 1902. fig. 5. Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:53. 1902. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903: 105. Synonyms. IsHAmM SWEET (I, 2, 3, 4,5). ISHAM Sweet (6). A red sweet apple of medium size, in season in late fall and early winter. It has been grown to some extent in some of the Western states but it has not been much tested in New York and it is doubtful whether it is desirable for planting in any portion of this state. Historical. Isham originated from seed of Bailey Sweet. It was intro- duced about 1864 by F. K. Phoenix, Delavan, Wis. (2). TREE. Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading. Twigs medium to long, rather stout, in some cases quite blunt at the tips, straight or nearly so; internodes rather long. Bark reddish-brown overlaid with heavy grayish scarf-skin, not pubescent or very sparingly so. Lenticels rather inconspicu- ous, rather scattering, irregular in size and shape, not raised. Buds large, prominent, fleshy, heavily pubescent, adhering to bark. Fruit (4, 6). Fruit medium. Form roundish, slightly tapering. Stem short. Cavity regular, acute, with much radiating russet. Calyx open; segments flat, con- vergent. Basin very shallow, minutely wrinkled. Skin yellowish-green mostly covered with brownish-red, solid and mixed on sunny side, striped and broadly splashed on the shady side. Dots distinct, russet, numerous, minute; a few large russet dots. Calyx tube funnel-shape. Stamens median. Core closed; cells round, entire. Seeds long, large, flat. Flesh very yellow with yellow veinings, firm, very sweet, very good. ene REFERENCES. I. (?) Hooper, 1857:46. 2. .(?) Downing, 1869:206. 3. C2) TUS Sia Buls a5 3345 =o1Soo: Synonyms. (Early Jack 1)? (Jack APPLE 1)? (OSKALOOSA 2, 3)? Fruit of good medium size, yellow; flesh very tender, rich, mild subacid. It is highly esteemed for its excellent dessert quality but it is too tender to stand shipping very well and on account of its irregular shape and yellow THE AppLes OF NEW YorK. 107 color it is not sufficiently attractive for market purposes. The tree is not a vigorous grower and has rather slender twigs. Possibly this is identical with Oskaloosa which has Jack as a synonym, (2, 3) but we have been unable to obtain fruit of Oskaloosa and the avail- able descriptions of that variety are so meager that it is impossible to deter- mine whether or not it is identical with the variety described above. Historical. Jack is grown to a very limited extent in East Bloomfield, Ontario county, N. Y. We have not obtained it from any other locality. We have been unable to learn where it originated, or whether it is the Jack mentioned by Hooper (1). TREE. Tree not very vigorous with moderately long, slender, crooked branches. Form at first upright spreading but becoming roundish and rather dense. Twigs long, straight, slender; internodes short. Bark brown or reddish- brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Len- ticels quite numerous, rather conspicuous, medium size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds small, plump, obtuse, appressed, slightly pubescent. FRUIT, Fruit medium or above, sometimes rather large, not uniform in shape or size. Form oblate varying to roundish oblate or to oblate conic, very irregu- lar, obscurely ribbed, often with the sides somewhat furrowed and unequal. Stem short to medium, slender. Cavity acuminate, usually deep, medium in width, russeted, with concentric russet lines often extending beyond the cavity, sometimes lipped. Calyx medium size, usually open. Basin smail to medium, rather shallow to moderately deep, narrow to medium in width, un- symmetrical, irregularly furrowed or nearly smooth. Skim rather thin, waxy, glossy, attractive yellow with shades of green, sometimes faintly tinged with red and marbled with whitish scarf-skin over the base somewhat after the manner of Yellow Newtown. Dots mostly small and depressed mingled with a few that are larger, scattering and irregular with russet center. Calyx tube medium in width and length, conical to somewhat funnel-form. Stamens median or below. Core medium in size, somewhat abaxile; cells usually symmetrical, some- what open; core lines clasping. Carpels elliptical, deeply emarginate. Seeds medium or below, wide, short, rather flat, obtuse, mingled with light and dark brown. Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately firm, moderately crisp or breaking, very tender, moderately juicy, very mild subaeid, very good for dessert. Season October and November. JARVIS. REFERENCE. 1. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 11:223. 1802. Synonyms. Crandall Seedling (1). Jarvis (1). No. 25 (1). Fruit large and when well colored partly overspread and striped with ted; flesh tender, juicy, subacid, pleasant but not superior in flavor or 108 THe Apples oF NEw York. quality; season late September to early winter. It is possibly desirable for local market but it is not recommended for general cultivation. Historical. The original tree is standing near Ithaca, N. Y., on land once owned by a Mr. Jarvis from whom the variety takes its name. . It is grown to a limited extent in the vicinity of Ithaca but so far as we know is not cultivated in any other portion of the state. Received for testing at this Station in 1892 from C. B. Crandall. JEFFERIS. REFERENCES. I. Thomas, 1849:149. 2. Mag. Hort., 18:491. 1852. 3. Am. Pom. Soc: Cat. 1854. 4. Elliott, 1854-130. “5. Wag. lon ees oS 6. Gregg, 1857:44. 7. Downing, 1857:83. fig. 8. Hooper, 1857:47. 9. Mag. Hort., 24:109. 1858. 10. Hoffy, N. A. Pom., 1860. col. pl. 11. Horticul- turist, 17104, 1507. 1862, 12.) Warder, 1867 440) sigs aeons aor 14. Van Deman, U.S; Pom. Rpt.,-1888:570. 15. Lyon Vago giao Rpt., 1890:292. 16. Bailey, An. Hort, 1892-242. 917, burrdllieanicee ee den. Ill, Sta. Bul., 452300, 323. 1806. 18: Powell, Del ‘Sia, bul esricmteoe: 1g. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1901:96. 20. Beach, Western N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt, 1901 :76, 21. Budd-Hansen, 1903-105. 22; Bruner een Gus ameano 182::21: 1003. ~23. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul), 205 :45)21003)) 2Ane eo ellmania Fulton, U.S. Bl P. I. Bul. 48:45. 1003.” 25. Beach andy CGlankea ee ease: Bal 248-126) 2 1OOA: SynonyMs. FEverbearing (20). Grantham (17). JEFFERIES (10, I2, 14, I7, 20): JEFFERIS (3, 4, 7; 13, 15, 16, 18, 10) 21, 22) 22, 240025))) ee Hun mn Glen: Sy Oh ey Ch ld) e Fruit of medium size, yellow, blushed and splashed with red; flesh tender, mild subacid, delicious. It begins to ripen in Septem- ber and continues in season till early winter. Commercial limit October (25). It is an excellent variety for the home orchard but not for commercial planting because it ripens unevenly, is apt to be deficient in size and is not especially attractive in color. The tree is a moderately vigorous grower, hardy, healthy, comes into bearing moderately early and is a reliable cropper yielding full crops bien- nially. Historical. Originated with Isaac Jefferies, Newlin township, Chester county, Pa. It was named after the originator by the Committee of the Penti- sylvania Horticultural Society which awarded this variety the premium for the best seedling apple exhibited in 1848 (10). TREE. Tree medium size, moderately vigorous. Form upright to roundish, open. Twigs short, straight, slender; internodes long. Bark brown mingled with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels JEFFERIS ii i . Sine THE APPLES OF NEW YoRrK. 109 scattering, small, oblong, not raised. Buds small, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. FORTH Fruit small to medium, very uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate often inclined to conic, regular or obscurely ribbed. Stem medium length, thick to moderately slender. Cavity acute to acuminate, medium in depth to deep, medium to broad, symmetrical, russeted but slightly if at all. Calyx small to medium, closed or partly open; lobes short, rather broad, acute. Basin moderately shallow to rather deep, moderately wide. somewhat abrupt, smooth or nearly so, symmetrical. Skin thin, tough, greenish-yellow or pale yellow more or less blushed and mottled with moderately dull red overlaid with narrow splashes and stripes of carmine. Dots small, scattering, inconspicuous, submerged or russet. Calyx tube narrow, conicai to funnel-shape. Stamens marginal to median. Core small, axile, or nearly so; cells slightly open; core lines somewhat clasping or meeting. Carpfels elliptical to somewhat obovate, emarginate, sometimes tufted. Seeds numerous, medium to rather large, wide, long, flat, very irregular, obtuse. Flesh yellowish-white, firm, fine, crisp, tender, very juicy, mild subacid, very good. Season September to January. JEFFERSON COUNTY. REFERENCES. I. Horticulturist, 10:254. 1855. fig. 2. Downing, 1857 :156. Aa Vanderteo7 723, -4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 5. Thomas, 1875 :201. 6. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890 :292. Synonyms. None. This variety originated in Jefferson county, N. Y., hence its name (2). The tree is of medium size, moderately vigorous; form somewhat drooping; twigs rather slender. It comes into bearing young and is a reliable bearer producing some fruit nearly every year, alternating heavy with lighter crops. The fruit is yellow shaded and splashed with red, not very bright in color, in season during October and November. It is particularly suitable for dessert, the flesh being tender, rather firm, crisp, of good flavor and excellent quality but it is not regarded as a good market variety for there is apt to be a rather large amount of small, imperfect or otherwise unmarketable fruit and when the fruit does not color properly, as happens in many cases, it is of poor flavor. It was listed by the American Pomological Society in 1873. It has been sparingly disseminated in various parts of the country but is as yet little known. So far as we can learn it is not being planted in New York. JENNET TING or JUNEATING. This name has been applied by some to White Juneating. For a description of this variety together with Hogg’s account of the derivation of the name the reader is referred to White Juneating, page 240. IIO THE APPLES OF NEW York. JERSEY SWEET. REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1845:87. 2. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1846 :190. 3- Cole, 1849:110. 4. Thomas, 1849:145. fig. 5. Barry, 1851:284. 6. Em- mons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:25. 1851. 7. Waring, 1851-26; 82 Eilietee1854- 86. fig. 9. Hooper, 1857:48. 10. [b., 1857:107, 11t) ai2) Ae or Cat., 1862. 12. Horticulturist, 17:104, 150. 1862) 135) Wandersseq 395. 14. Fitz, 1872:153. 15. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpts 18992202) aeaaley: An. Hort., 1892:242. 17. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 532278. 1604) (26. each. Sta. Bul., 118:€0: 1805. ‘19. Ib.; 143:200. “1807., 20210-6205 = nos. 21. Budd-Hansen, 1903:105. 22. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:126. 1904. SyNoNYMS. American (13). JERSEY SWEET (5, 7, I0, 12, 13, 16, 18, 21). JERSEY SWEETING (I, 2, 3, 4, 6,8, 9, 14, 17). An early autumn apple of medium size. It does not always color well but under favorable conditions it 1s highly colored, rich in flavor, tender and excellent in quality for either dessert or cul- inary uses. It is one of the best of the sweet apples of its season for planting for home use in New York but it has proved unsatis- factory as a commercial sort because it ripens at a time when there is little demand for fruit of this kind, is not a good keeper, is apt to be scabby and does not always color well. The tree is hardy, moderately long-lived, comes into bearing young and bears nearly every year, yielding moderate to good or sometimes heavy crops. The fruit comes in season late in August or early in September and ripens in succession during a period of several weeks; often some portion may be kept till éarly winter, but its commercial limit in ordinary storage is September or early October (22). Historical. Origin unknown. Elliott calls it an American variety (8). It is pretty well known in different parts of New York state, but is now rarely found except in old orchards. It 1s commonly listed by nurserymen (16) but is now seldom or never planted except occasionally for home use. TREE. Tree rather large, moderately vigorous to vigorous; branches long, moder- ately stout, filled with spurs. Form upright to roundish, open. Tzigs mod- erately long, straight, slender; internodes long. Bark brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lenticels scattering, medium to small, oblong, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, appressed, pubescent. So JERSEY SWEET THe ApPpLes oF NEw York. Toe FRvuIT. Fruit medium size. Form roundish ovate inclined to conic or to oblate conic; sides unequal. Stem long to medium length, rather slender. Cavity acute, usually rather deep, varying to shallow, medium in width, occasionally lipped, sometimes slightly russeted. Calyx small, closed; lobes medium to long, narrow, acute to acuminate. Basin rather small, moderately shallow to rather deep, narrow to medium in width, somewhat abrupt, ribbed and wrinkled. Skin thin, tender, at first greenish-yellow but becoming clear yellow washed and mottled with brownish-red and overlaid with narrow stripes of bright carmine. Dots inconspicuous, greenish, submerged. Calyx tube narrow, conical to funnel-form, often with fleshy pistil point projecting into the base. Stamens median. Core medium size or above, axile or nearly so; cells symmetrical, usually closed; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels elongated ovate, tufted. Seeds medium to large, variable in length and width, acute to acu- minate. Flesh yellowish, moderately firm, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, sweet, good to very good. Season September to December. JUDSON, REFERENCES. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:17. 2. Ib., Rpi., 1901 :40. 3. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:62. 1902. fig. 4. Budd-Hansen, 1903:108. fig. SYNONYMS. JUDSON (I, 2, 3, 4). Thompson's Seedling No. 29 (3, 4). Fruit large, green or yellowish, more or less covered with red, not especially attractive in appearance and only fair to good in quality. Season October to December. Not valuable enough to be worthy of trial in New York except perhaps in those districts where superior hardiness is particularly desirable. Historical. Originated in Grundy county, Iowa, by J. S. B. Thompson. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with short, moderately stout, somewhat drooping branches. Form open, roundish to spreading. Twigs above medium to short, somewhat curved, medium to stout, rather pubescent with large ter- minal buds; internodes medium or below. Bark brown or reddish-brown tinged with olive-green, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, rather conspicuous, medium or below, round or irregularly elongated, not raised. Buds prominent, large to medium, broad, plump, obtuse, free or nearly so, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit large or very large, fairly uniform in size but not in shape. Form roundish conical or a little inclined to oblong, indistinctly ribbed, irregular ; TZ TuHer Apples oF New York. sides often unequal. Stem short to medium, thick. Cavity very acuminate, deep, moderately narrow to rather broad, somewhat furrowed, irregularly russeted, frequently compressed. Calyx large, usually somewhat open. Basin moderately deep to deep, medium in width, very abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled. Skin smooth, rather tough, clear bright yellow washed with red which sometimes deepens to a pinkish blush, striped and splashed with carmine and mottled over the base with dull scarf-skin. Dots scattering, small to large, pale gray, conspicuous. Prevailing. effect greenish-yellow; not par- ticularly attractive. Calyx tube long, wide, funnel-shape. Stamens variable but usually median. Core rather small, usually abaxile; cells sometimes unsymmetrical, wide open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly ovate to elliptical, emarginate, sometimes tufted. Sceds rather dark brown, small to medium, rather numer- ous, very short, very plump, obtuse. Flesh nearly white, firm, rather coarse, crisp, juicy, brisk subacid, fair to good. Season October to December. JUIEN. REFERENCES. I. Rural N. Y., 1861 (cited by 15). 2. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 29:112. 1863. 3. Hanford, Horticuliurist, 19:273. 1864. Sie eee 1867:719. 5. Downing, 1869:181. fig. 6. Thomas, 1875:499. 7. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:252. 8. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpi.; 1879-471 (9) eskans) eral N. Y., 47:646. 1888. .10. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:2902. 1 Amer. Gard., 12:570. 1891. figs. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:239. 13. Burrill and McCluer, Jil. Sta. Bul., 45:321. 1806. 14. Budd-Hiansen, 2903-108) 15- Ragan, UL S. Be Bal Oe alOOs- Synonyms. August (4, 15, of Cassel, Germany, 3). FourtH oF JuLy (2, 4,6; 8, 0, 10, II, 12, 13):- Fourth of July (a5, 2 5) eeeeeeeetS Juty, Fourth of (14). McAdow’s June (4, 15). Siberian August (4, 15, of Germany 2). Stewart's Nonpareil (15, ? 4). TEToFSKI (5). Tetofsky, erroneously (4, I5). This fruit closely resembles Tetofsky and some have considered the two varieties identical (4) but they are quite distinct in tree. It is not recom- mended for planting in New York because it is not equal to standard varieties of its season. Historical. Hovey states that “The Fourth of July apple, in Germany called the Siberian August apple, was sent from the Russian province Lief- land, in the year 1807, to the celebrated pomologist, Dr. Diel, and is cele- brated, tike all our summer apples which originated in Russia, for its great productiveness and hardiness” (2). It was introduced into Columbus, O., from Cassel, Germany (3). It has been disseminated to a considerable extent in various parts of this country and is still listed by a considerable number of nurserymen (12). TREE. Tree vigorous. Form upright, roundish and rather dense. Twigs short, straight, stout with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark duil JUDSON THE APPLES OF NEw York. 113 brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, oblong, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. FRvuIT. Fruit below medium to above, pretty uniform in shape but not in size. Form usually roundish conical, irregularly ribbed; sides often unequal. Stem medium to long, moderately slender, often bracted. Cavity acuminate to acute, moderately deep, medium to narrow, slightly furrowed, thinly rus- seted. Calyx medium to large, usually closed; lobes medium in length, moderately narrow, acuminate. Basin rather shallow to medium in depth, narrow, somewhat abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled. Skin thin, tough, smooth, rather glossy, pale yellow washed and mottled with red striped and splashed with carmine and overspread with whitish bloom. Dots small, numerous, submerged, inconspicuous, light, areolar. Calyx tube variable in length, funnel-shape. Stamens median to marginal. Core medium or below, axile; cells closed; core lines slightly clasping or meeting. Carpels roundish ovate or elongated ovate. Seeds very dark dull brown, medium size, moderately wide, short, plump, obtuse. Flesh yellowish, a little coarse, crisp, tender, moderately juicy, sprightly subacid, fair to good. Season last of July to September. KAIGHN, REFERENCES. I. Coxe, 1817:128. fig. 2. Downing, Horticulturist, 1:34. NOt re eOle 1649-125. 4. Lhomas, 18492173. 5 Emmons, Nat. Hust. Ni yeesooe Tost. 6. Plott, 18547141. fg. 7. Hooper, 1857:49. 8. Down- Mm meroy 7 nso. OQ. VWarder, 1667-081. ng 10. Downing, 1876:55 app. 1. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :242. Synonyms. KaicHN (11). KAIGHN’s SPITZEMBURG (1). KAIGHN’S Spit- ZENBERG (3, 6, 9). KAIGHN’S SPITZENBERGH (2). KAIGHN’S SPITZENBURG G 12). KaicHNn’s SpITzENBURGH (4, 5, 8). Kaicn’s SprtzeNpurc (1o).° Lady Finger (erroneously 6, 7). Long John (6, 7). Long Pearmaimn (6, 7). Ohio Wine (6). Red Pearmain (6, 7, 8). Red Phoenix (6). Red Pippin (6). Red Spitzenberg (6). Red Shpitzenburg (8). Red Winter Pear- main (6). Russam (6). Scarlet Pearmain, erroneously (6). Downing states that Kaign’s Spitzenberg and Long Red Permain, for many years considered identical, are in reality distinct varieties in both tree and fruit. He gives a long list of synonyms for Long Red Pearmain including all of the synonyms cited above and adds, “ The true Kaign’s Spitzenburg, so far as I know, has no synonyms ” (10). This is an old variety of New Jersey origin which has been disseminated through various parts of the West even to the Pacific Coast. The fruit is showy and the tree productive. The tree makes a spreading, straggling growth (1, 11). According to Coxe (1) the fruit bears “a faint resemblance to the Esopus Spitzemberg but is more pointed toward the crown; the color is a lively but pale red, faintly streaked and full of white spots; -the 114 THe AppLes OF NEw York. skin is smooth, the stem long and deeply planted, the crown very hollow — the flesh finely flavored, yellow, juicy and tender.” It is now practicaily obsolete in New York. KALKIDON. REFERENCES. I. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:25. 2. Schroeder, Mon- treal. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-7:76. 3. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc Kprt, 1887-560. 4. Lyon, U. S. Pom. Bul., 2:41. 1888. -5. Beach, Ni Yo Sia) Aya eee: 1892. 6 Jb., 13:580. 1804. 7. Ib., 14:261. 1805. 8. Beach Raddockauna Close, 1b., 15:272, 281. 1806. 9. Beach and Clark, VG Ve Sia Gul onsen TOOK, 10, Ragan Wa Se Be Paves ii Sor aols mous: SyNoNymMs. KAaLKIDON (3, 4, 9, incorrectly I0). . KALKIDONSKOE (1). KALKIDOUSKOE (5, 6, 7, 8). KALKIDOVSKOE (2). Khalkidonskoe (4, 9). Khalkidouskoe (3, 10). No. 540 (10). No. 94 (1, 2, 3, I0). A Russian variety which was received from Ellwanger and Barry, Roch- ester, N. Y., in 1884 for testing at this Station. It 1s an apple of moderately attractive appearance and fair to good quality, in season in September and October. The tree comes into bearing moderately young and is a reliable biennial cropper. It is not recommended for planting in New York because it is inferior to standard varieties of its season. FRUIT. Fruit large to medium, fairly uniform in size and shape. Form oblate conical to ovate, regular or faintly ribbed. Stem medium to very short, moderately thick. Cavity acute to almost acuminate, moderately shallow to deep, medium in width, furrowed and compressed, russeted and with oiit- spreading greenish-russet rays. Calyx medium to large, closed or partly open; lobes medium in length, broad, acute. Basin shallow to medium im depth, narrow to medium in width, rather abrupt, slightly furrowed. Skin thick, rather tough, smooth, greenish or pale yellow, largely washed and mottled with dull red, splashed and striped with carmine. Dots variable in size, numerous, inconspicucus, submerged. Caiyx tube rather long, moderately wide, conical or funnel-shape. Stamens median to marginal. Core small, axile or sometimes abaxile; cells symmetrical, closed or open; core lines clasping. Carpeis ovate to elliptical, slightly emarginate, slightly tufted. Sceds medium to large, wide, plump, acute to obtuse, dark brown. Flesh tinged with yellowish-green, moderately fine-grained, tender, rather juicy, mild subacid, fair to good. Season September to midwinter (9). KARABOVKA., REFERENCES. 1. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:74. 2. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:7. 3. Gibb; fa. Hort) Soc. Rpts 1885-2725 eee Sia. An. Rpt., 13:582. 1804. 5. Ragan, U.S. B: PP. Buls socioream@os SynonyMs. “Kajabowka (5). KaARABOFF (2, 3, 4). Karaboff (1, 5).- THE AppLes OF NEw YorK. I15 KARABOVKA (5). Karabovka (3, 4). KarasowKa (1). Karabowka (2, mee ion eV (3 4). INios 205 (3, 4,5). suro, to la. No. 22_(5): A Russian variety received from Ellwanger and Barry, Rochester, N. Y., in 1884 for testing at this Station. As grown here the tree does not come into bearing very early but when mature yields full crops biennially. ‘The fruit is medium to rather small, not specially attractive in appearanc2, fair to possibly good in quality being inferior to standard sorts of its season. Season late August and September. It does not agree with the description of Karabovka given by Budd (2). TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with moderately long, stout, curved branches. Form tather open, flat, spreading. Jags long, curved, stout, with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark dark brown, heavily streaked with scari-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels quite numerous, small to medium, round, slightly raised. Buds large, prominent, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit small to medium, uniform. Form oblate, regular, symmetrical. Stem medium in length, moderately thick to rather slender. Cavity acute to nearly acuminate, moderately deep to deep, narrow to medium in width, occasionally lipped, usually russeted. Calyx large, open or nearly closed; lobes short, rather broad, acute. Basin medium in depth, wide, furrowed or wrinkled and with mammiform protuberances. Skin thin, tender, smooth, rather dull pale greenish-yellow, with scatter- ing narrow stripes of dull dark red, or when highly colored it is largely striped, splashed and shaded with red, and overspread with pinkish bloom. Dots rather numerous, small, light, obscure, submerged. Calyx tube large, medium in length, rather wide, broadly conical to funnel- shape. Stamens median to marginal. Core medium size, axile; cells closed; core lines clasping. Carpels ellip- tical, emarginate. Seeds very dark dull brown, medium size, wide, rather short, flat, plump, obtuse. Flesh nearly white, moderately fine, tender, moderately juicy, mild subacid with peculiar flavor, fair to good in quality. Season late August and September. KENTISH FILLBASKET. REFERENCES. I. Kenrick, 1832:95. 2. Downing, 1845:114. 3. Thomas, MeaAgeioo 4. Hmimonus, Nat East, No. Y., 3:62. 1851. 5. Elhott, 1854172: ferigoper, 1657-40. 7. Warder, 18672723. 8. Eloge, 18843120: 9. Green, Country Gentleman, 1885:840. 10 [b., Can. Hort., 11:8. 1888. 11. Bailey, Mee GlOng | TSQ2 242") 12.) \Woolverton, Ont Frm Stas. An. Rpt, 4:3. 1807. figs. 13. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898 :354. SYNONYMS. KENT FILLBASKET (13). KENTISH FILBASKET (3). KENTISH EEBASKET (1,2, 4, 5-0, 75 OO, 10) It, 12). Lady de Greys (2 5, 8). 116 THe Apples oF NEw York. Potter's Large (8). Potter's Large Grey Seedling (5). Potter's Large Seedling (2). A very large, handsome, late autumn appie, desirable for cooking but not for dessert use. Tree a strong grower and a fair cropper. Not recommended for planting in New York. According to Hogg (8) the Kentish Fillbasket of Miller, Forsyth and Rogers is a different variety being evidently the Kentish Codlin or common old English Codlin, a lemon-yellow apple which is in season from August to October. The Kentish Fillbasket of Buel! appears to be the same as that of Forsyth.? Historical. This is an old English variety. It has been sparingly culti- vated in portions of New York state for many years and has been grown to some extent also in Ontario (12). FRUIT. é Fruit very large. Form oblate or roundish, ribbed broadly and obscurely if at all, irregular, fairly uniform. Stem not exserted, short, medium in thickness. Cavity acute to somewhat acuminate, deep, broad, symmetrical or somewhat furrowed, green or more often with outspreading russet. Calyx small to rather large, closed or partly open; lobes broad, obtuse to acute. Basin pretty abrupt, moderately deep to deep, medium in width to wide, sometimes a little furrowed or wrinkled. Skin thin, tough, smooth, somewhat waxy, pale yellow with thin brownish blush often deepening to red, somewhat mottled and splashed with carmine. Dots small usually not conspicucus, dark brown or grayish or submerged and whitish. Prevailing effect yellow somewhat striped with red. Calyx tube wide, conical. Stamens basal to nearly median. Core abaxile, medium to large; cells often unsymmetrical and open, some- times closed; core lines nearly meeting. Carpels broadly ovate, mucronate, not emarginate, somewhat tufted. Seeds medium or below, plump, acute. Flesh whitish, firm, moderately coarse, crisp, rather tender, juicy, brisk subacid, good. Season October to December. KESWICK, REFERENCES. I. Forsyth, 1824:132. 2. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 225. 3. Kenrick, 1832:89. 4. Floy-Lindley, 1833:23. 5. Downing, 1845 :87. 6. Thomas, 1849:156. 7. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y. 3:37. 1851. 8. Barry, 1851 :280. g. Elliott, 1854:141. 10. Barry, Horticulturist, 10:87. 1855. II. Gregg, 1857 :37.. 12. Hooper, 1857:25, 49, 107, 111. 13. Am. Pom. Soc. Cai., 1860. 14. Mead, Horticulturist, 17:150. 1862. 15. Warder, 1867:688. fig. 16. Fitz, 1872:160. 17. Hogg, 1884:122. 18. Wickson, 1889:243. 19. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294. 20. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:242. 21. Tait, Mich. Sta. Bul., 105:108. 1894. 22. Lyon, Jb., 118:60. 1895. 23 Jb., 143: 200. 1897. 24. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:354. 25. Dickens and 1 Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:477. 2 Forsyth, 1803:50. THE AppLes OF NEW York. 117 Greene, Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:53. 1902. 26. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:45. 1903. 27. Budd-Hansen, 1903:110. 28. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248 :128. 1904. SynonyMs. CopLin, KESWICK (1, 2, 24). KESWICK (19, 21, 22, 23, 26, 27, 2a ICES WICK \CODLIN (35.4, 5, 6.7, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 10, 20, 24, 25). Keswick Codlin (27, 28). Keswick CopLine (15). No. 225 (2). This variety is particularly esteemed on account of its excellence for culinary use. It is not adapted for storage, its commercial limit in ordinary storage being September and early October. It comes into season late in August or early in September and ripens continuously during a period of several weeks. It does not stand heat well before going into storage and goes down quickly (28). The fruit is of good medium size to rather large, greenish-yellow, sometimes with faint blush; flesh brisk subacid. It is grown chiefly for home use and only to a very limited extent for local market. The tree is a good grower, hardy, healthy, long-lived, comes into bearing quite young and yields good to very good crops almost annually. This is distinct from the Codling or English Codling described by Coxe, Thacher, Forsyth and others. Historical. Hogg (17) states that: ‘This excellent apple was first dis- covered growing among a quantity of rubbish behind a wall at Gleaston Castle, near Ulverstone, and was first brought into notice by one John Sander, a nurseryman at Keswick, who, having propagated it, sent it out under the name of Keswick Codlin. “In the Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society, 1813, Sir John Sinclair says: ‘The Keswick Codlin tree has never failed to bear a crop since it was planted in the episcopal garden at Rose Castle, Carlisle, twenty years ago.” It has long been known in this country and very old trees of it are found in some orchards but it is nowhere extensively cultivated being grown chiefly for home use. It is quite commonly listed by nurserymen (20). TREE. Tree medium to large, moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading to roundish. Twigs moderately long, curved, stout; internodes short. Bark dull brown, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels numer- ous, rather conspicuous, medium to small, round, not raised. Buds medium to large, prominent, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. PRUE Fruit above medium to nearly large, not very uniform. Form roundish conic or inclined to oblong conic, rather broad at the base, distinctly ribbed; 118 THE APPLES OF NEw York. sides frequently a little unequal. Stem medium to short, slender to rather thick. Cavity variably acute, medium in depth to shallow, rather narrow to moderately broad, more or less russeted. Calyx medium size, closed; lobes long, medium in width, nearly acuminate. Basin shallow, moderately nar- row, furrowed or angular, often with fleshy protuberances alternating with the calyx lobes. Skin thin, tough, smooth, waxy, pale greenish or yellow, sometimes with a faint blush and often with a suture line extending out from the cavity. Dots submerged, inconspicuous or russet. Calyx tube medium in length, rather wide, bluntly cone-shape. Stamens median. Core variable, large, abaxile; celis wide open; core lines meeting. Carpels variable, roundish ovate. Seeds very light brown, very small, medium in width, short, very plump, acute. Flesh nearly white, fine, tender, very juicy, brisk subacid, good for culinary. use, too acid for dessert unless very ripe. Season August and September. KTRKBRIDGE. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1857:160. 2. Mag. Hort., 24:108. 1858. 3. Warder, 1867:671. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat, 1871:8. 5. Downmens72c10 index, app. 6. Thomas, 1875:195. 7. Downing, 1881 :11 index, app, 8:2 76-, 1881 :12 index, app. 9. Budd-Hansen, 1903:1IT. SynonyMs. Bohannon (2). Conic June (7). -KiRKBRIDGE (2, 3, 7, 8, Q)- KIRKBRIDGE WHITE (1, 4, 5,6). IVhite June (5). Yellow Flat (8). Yellow June (6, erroneously 3, of some 5). Fruit small to medium, oblong conic, pale yellow or whitish; flesh white, fine, tender, juicy, pleasant subacid, good to very good. The tree is a moder- ate grower, comes into bearing young and is productive. Season August and September. Not recommended for planting in New York. Historical. In 1867 Warder (3) wrote concerning Kirkbridge White: “This fruit has been pretty extensively cultivated in some parts of the Western states and sometimes it is mistaken for the Yellow June.” It is said to be of American origin. It is but little known in New York. LADY FINGER. REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1869 :245. Synonyms. None. Under this name Downing (1) describes an apple which he received from Maryland, the fruit of which is of medium size, yellowish, nearly overspread with deep crimson; flesh white, tender, pleasant subacid, good to very good; season August. Other varieties have been known under the name Lady Finger several of which have already been mentioned in the discussion of the winter apples. See: Voll) page 162) LANDSBERG THE APPLES OF NEW York. 11g LANDSBERG. REFERENCES. I. Berghuis, 1868:No. 8. col. pl. 2. Downing, 1872:20app. 3. Leroy, 1873:701. fg. 4. Lauche, 1:No. 38. 1882. col. pl. 5. Hogg, 1884:128. Pebcda wha Aer Coll. Bul. 1835-34, 41. 7. Lyon, U. S. Pom. Bul., 2:42. EocowmonGarcher ro42No, 17. col. pl. 9. Beach and, Paddock, N.-Y. Sta. Pam: rA-2525 201. 1605. 50. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., Aereageeroes. ii. Beach and Clark, NV. VY. Sid. Bul, 248:129. 1004. SYNONYMS. LANDSBERG (7, 11). LANDSBERGER REINETTE (2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9). Landsberger Reinetie (11). LANDsBuURG (6). Landsburger Reimette (6, 7). LANSBERGER REINETTE (10). REINETTE DE LANDSBERG (3). Keinette de Landsberg (2, 8). REINETTE LANDSBERGER (1). An attractive late autumn and early winter apple of good size and pleasant subacid flavor. The tree is thrifty, comes into bearing rather early and is reliably productive yielding good crops biennially. The fruit has a clear, pale waxen yellow or greenish skin which readily shows bruises. It is a good dessert apple but less desirable for culinary uses because when it is cooked it lacks character in texture, color and flavor. It is easily excelled for any purpose by standard sorts of its season and is not recommended tor planting in New York. Historical. Raised from seed about 1840 by Mr. Burkhardt, justice of the peace in Landsberg, Germany (2, 4). Imported from Silesia, Germany, in 1883 by Professor Budd for the Iowa State College (6). TREE. Tree vigorous. Form roundish or spreading, rather open. Twigs short to medium, nearly straight, rather stout; internodes medium. Bark olive- green tinged with brownish-red, mottled with scarf-skin; pubescent. Len- ticels quite numerous, small, round, not raised. Buds large to below medium, broad, plump, generally obtuse, free, quite pubescent. FrRuIt. Fruit medium to large, pretty uniform in shape and size. Form roundish conic to roundish oblate, obscurely angular, pretty regular; sides sometimes unequal. Stem short to medium. Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, rather wide, sometimes obscurely furrowed, usually smooth but sometimes russeted. Calyx segments long, acute, reflexed, sometimes closed. Basin medium in width and depth, often somewhat furrowed, wrinkled. Skin thin, tough, smooth or slightly roughened by russet dots, waxen yel- low or pale green, sometimes with attractive crimson blush. Dots numerous, submerged and whitish, sometimes russet. Prevailing color pale yellow, rather attractive. Calyx tube large, wide, cone-shape. Stamens median. Core abaxile, medium; cells usually symmetrical and wide open; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels broadly ovate, much concave, narrow to- ward the apex, nearly smooth. Sceds numerous, medium in size, broad, obtuse, medium brown, smooth or nearly so. 120 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. Flesh nearly white, very tender, crisp, rather fine-grained, mild subacid, agreeable in flavor, good to very good for dessert. Season mid-October to January (8, 9). Some of the fruit keeps appar- ently sound till March or later but after January it loses in quality. LATE STRAWBERRY, REFERENCES. 1. Thomas, Cultivator, 5:246. 1848. 2. Thomas, 1849:150. hg. 3. Cole, 1849:111.\ 4.. Waring, 1851221. (55 Eminicms, Maisie eae 3:27. 1851. tig. ©. Batty, 1851:282.. 7. Elliott, 1854-05. oa omaumne: 1857 :163. 9. Hooper, 1857:54. 10. Gregg, 1857:41. 11. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. “12. Warder, 1867:540. 13. Downie, 1869-250) mem ae oda: 1871 :154. fig. 15. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:538. 16. Roach, Wontreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-7:27. 17. Wickson, 1889):245: 18: Lyon, Wie 0c. Rpt., 1890:294. . 19. Bailey, An. Hort., 1852:243. 20. Burrill and) Mic@lier, lil. Sta. Bul., 45:329. 1896. 21. Budd-Hansen, 1903:113. fig. SYNONYMS. AUTUMN STRAWBERRY (I, 4, 6, 7, 10, 14, 15). Autumn Straw- berry (2, 5, 8, 12, 13, 17, 21). Fatt STRAWBERRY (3). LATE STRAWBERRY (2, 5, 8, 9, Il, 12,-13, 16, 17, 18, 19; 20, 21). Late Strawberry Gin ouange ad berry (2,7). Different varieties have been called Late Strawberry but the name is now almost exclusively applied to the variety described below. This is an attractive apple, pale yellow overspread or striped and splashed with light and dark red, very good in quality especially for dessert use. Many esteem it one of the best dessert apples of its season. It comes into use in September and ripens in succession during a period of several weeks continuing in season till December. While this habit of successive ripening makes the variety more desirable for the home orchard it renders it less valuable for com- mercial purposes, since several pickings are required to secure the crop in prime condition. The fruit is hardly as large as is desir- able for a good market variety but its attractive appearance and excellent quality render it suitable for local and fancy trade. The tree is medium to rather large, vigorous; form upright spreading to roundish. It is hardy, healthy, long-lived and a regular cropper- yielding moderate to heavy crops biennially or nearly annually. Historical. Late Strawberry originated at Aurora, Cayuga county, N. Y. (12). In 1848 Thomas described it as a new and newly introduced apple (1). FRUIT. Fruit below medium to above, uniform in size and fairly uniform in shape. Form roundish to slightly oblong conic, sometimes quite strongly ribbed, LATE STRAWBERRY ‘ies Aes Om INiawy WORK: 121 rather irregular. Stem long, rather slender, often curved. Cavity acuminate, deep, usually broad, furrowed, sometimes with thin radiating streaks of light russet mingled with carmine. Calyx iarge, open or partly open; lobes often separated at base, rather short, acute, erect or reflexed. Basin deep, mod- erately narrow to rather wide, abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled. Skin attractive pale yellow often alrnost entirely overspread with bright pinkish-red, dotted and streaked with purplish-carmine. Dots small, not very numerous, inconspicuous, light colored. Prevailing effect bright striped red. Calyx tube rather wide, conical to slightly funnel-shape. Stamens basal. Goxzem rater small nearly axile to somewhat abaxile; cells closed or somewhat open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels obovate. Seeds rather large, flat, obtuse. Flesh yellowish-white, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, somewhat sprightly aro- matic, subacid, very good. Season September to December. LATHAM, REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1869 :251. Synonyms. None. This is a variety which we have not seen; so far as we can learn it is no longer cultivated. According to Downing it originated in Sag Harbor, Suffolk county, N. Y.; tree very productive; fruit medium size, yellow mostly covered with light and dark red; flesh white, juicy, mild subacid, good; season November and December (1). ILje/ ND) REFERENCES. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 8:40. 1881-82. 2. Ia. Hort. NOGwiupiemlos2-7o. 3. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883 :102. 4. la. Agr. Coll. Pileeetees:26) 5 [O. 1885:11. 6. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt. TSO Om ee wla. eA.ere Coll, Bil. 1890:23. 8) Budd) Way Sia.) Bul, 19-540. 1892. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:243. 10. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1896:74, 79. Pe SMCOMN Ani Sid. Bul. AZ:105. 1S06. 12. Mhomas, 1897:201. fig. BOOM Wid Sid wept. T8399 :60. 14. Elansen, S. BD) Sia, Bul. 76-04. 1902: 15. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:84. 1002. SONNEI MEE EADE (Inn An 5. 0,7. 6. 0, 10) lin 12) 12) 14. 15). lead Ppplicn (Ge) pee Nos Vini(2) A407, 8) 10; 145.15). No, 277 (2 4,5, 10). Swinsovka (1). -SwiINEz (3). Swinzovska (5). As noted below two distinct Russian varieties have been disseminated un- der the name Lead. Some of the references cited above refer to one of these varieties and some to the other. A Russian variety was received from the Iowa Agricultural College in 1890 for testing at this Station, the fruit of which is pale greenish-yellow with a blushed cheek and carmine splashes, medium size or above; flesh tender, rather juicy, subacid, fair quality; season late August and September. The tree does not come into bearing very young. It is an annual cropper but only moderately productive. It is not worthy of further testing for this region. 122 Tue AppLtes oF NEw York. This appears to be the same variety as that described by Hansen under the name Lead with the synonym No. 362 (14). This he says is not the true Lead. He describes the true Lead with synonym No. 3 M as a Russian variety, large, heavy, roundish, zreenish-vellow with dull blush; flesh green- ish-white, sharp subacid, good in quality; season early winter. LINCOLN PIPPIN. REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1881 :93 app. fig. Synonyms. ‘None. Fruit medium to large, yellow with no blush, subacid, excellent for either dessert or culinary uses; season November and December. Under favorable conditions some portion of the fruit may be kept through the winter. The tree is large, spreading, somewhat open, moderately vigorous with rather short, stout twigs, hardy, long-lived. It does not come into bearing very young but when mature is a pretty reliable annual bearer, ripening the crop evenly. The fruit is fair, averages pretty uniform in size and shape and is reliable and satisfactory in color and quality. Downing describes it as “medium to large, roundish oblate, slightly conical, slightly angular, sides sometimes a little unequal; skin pale greenish-yellow, moderately sprinkled with grayish dots; stalk short to long, slender; cavity large, deep. calyx small, closed; basin small or medium, slightly corrugated; flesh half fine, pale whitish-yellow, tender, juicy, subacid, slightly aromatic; very good; core rather large. October, December” (1). Historical. So far as we can learn this variety ‘$ cultivated only in the vicinity of Syracuse. Downing states that it is an old variety, said to have been brought to Syracuse from Connecticut; the original name having been lost it was named Lincoln after Reuben Lincoln who brought it into notice (1). LINDENWALD. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1869:254. 2. Burrill and McCluer, Jil. Sta. Bul., 45 7330. 1896. Synonyms. None. A variety which originated with J. G. Sickles, Stuyvesant, Columbia county, N. Y. Downing describes the fruit as of medium size, yellow with light shades of red; flesh crisp, juicy, pleasant subacid, good to very good; season September (1). We have received no report of this being grown outside of the locality of its origin. LONGFIELD. REFERENCES. 1. Webster, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 7:52. 1881. 2. I0., 8:71. 1881-82. ‘3. Budd Ja- Hort. Soc. Rpt; 1882277. 4. Gibpe looses 5. Webster, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1883:113. 6. Budd, Ia. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1883 :28. 7. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:66. fig. 8. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:5. 9. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpi., 1886587155) 20. Schroeder, /b., 1886-87:74. 11. Craig, /b., 1886-87:103. 12. Hoskins, Rura! Q1aIS9NO1 THE Apples oF NEw York. 123 N. Y. 47:558. 1888. 13. dm. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1889:8. 14. Gibb, Can. Hort., EA ZeeSoO) £5. 0. 13207, 210, 801. 1890, ro. Budd) Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., REDO RROMN T7400 GSA. vl LQ530)) tOO2) 18. Can. Hert. 15:20. 1802. 1g. iavlon wie. Pom. Soc. kpt., 1892:57, 58. 20: Bailey, An. Hlort., 1892 :243. Bee Mere |GULd. a t4l: 500 l77, 305. 1503.22. Can. Hort. 16:204, 360: 1893. paCrais Ont Er. Gr Assn. An. Kpt, 20:16. 1804. 24. Beach, N. Y. Sta. Peiieiepiis 502) Toot. 25. lroop, Imd. Sia. Bil. 53°:123. 18094. 26: Craig. Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1894:126. figs. 27. Freeborn, Nat. Nurseryman, 2:133. 1894. 28. Van Deman, Rural N. Y., 55:848. 1896. 29. Munson, Me. Sta. impimmcsgoe75. 30, Stinson, 47k. Sia. Bul, 43°105. 1806. 31.) Buckman, inne eee etSO- 300 ToO7. 32) Waueh «7 Sta. Bul, 61231. “1807. 33. Thomas, 1897:291. fig. 34. Am. Gard., 19:650, 682. 1898. 35. Rural N. Y., SEZs OF OLOs LSOQS. 36. Troop, Ind: Sta: Rpt, 1899:80. 37. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:67. 1902. fig. 38. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:84, 85, 87, 95. roo2s39- Lowell and Fulton, U.S. BP. 7. Bul. 48:47. voo3. 40: Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:45. 1903. 41. Budd-Hansen, 1903:116. 42. Beach and GhinkewNE YY Sta: Bul., 248:120. 10904. SYNONYMS. English Pippin (26). 587 (26). 57 M (16). 56 M (2, 3, 6, 10). Good Peasant (9). LANGERFELDSKOE (1, 4, 5, 7, 13). Langerfeldskoe (a) EPEONGEIEDD) (2: 3,6, 80) 10, Ii, 12) 14, 15,-16, 17, 18, 10, 20, 21, 22, 23, 2a, Pee feo 20. 200 31, 32) 33, 34. 35: 86: 37, 38: 30, 40, 41, 42). Longheld Cope Loncuelas Apple (i, 5). No. r6r (2, 3, 6, 8, 16, 24 20, 37). The fruit of Longfield is usually below medium size but decidedly attractive in appearance for a yellow apple, being clear waxen yel- low, lightly blushed with bright red. Its flesh is white, crisp, fine, very tender and of pleasant quality. It may well be classed among the fancy dessert apples; it is good also for culinary uses. In mar- keting this fruit it is necessary to handle it with great care because ordinarily its texture is so very tender and its color so delicate that it shows bruises very readily. It is not well adapted for holding outside of cold storage. In ordinary storage its commercial limit ateGeneva is late’ September or early October (42) and in cold storage it may be kept till December (42) ; but as grown further north it may be kept through the winter (26). The tree is a moderate grower, very hardy and very productive; in fact it bears such heavy crops that the fruit is liable to be deficient in size. On account of the hardiness and productiveness of the tree and the beauty and good quality of the fruit Longfield is recommended for planting for home use and for local and special markets. Historical. Longfield was first imported from Russia by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1870; later it was imported from various European sources for the Iowa Agricultural College by Professor Budd. 124 7 THE APPLES OF NEW YorRK. It is now frequently listed by nurserymen (20) and is being planted to a limited extent in various parts of the state, but it has not yet come to be commonly known among New York fruit growers. TREE. Tree medium in size with short, moderately stout, crooked branches and drooping laterals filled with small spurs. Form roundish or spreading, dense, rather low. wigs medium in length, curved, moderately stout; terminal buds large; internodes short. Bark dark brown, lightly streaked with scarf- skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oval, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium to small, usually below medium; uniform in size and shape. Form roundish conic, slightly ribbed. Stem medium to short, rather slender. Cavity acuminate to acute, medium to rather deep, narrow, quite symmetrical, usually slightly russeted. Ca/yar small, leafy, closed or partly open; lobes long, rather narrow, acute to acuminate. Basin small, shallow to medium in depth, narrow, somewhat abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin thin, tender, smooth, glossy, pale waxen yellow or whitish usually with a lively pinkish blush but not striped. Dots few, small, inconspicuous, whitish, usually submerged. Prevailing effect attractive bright pale yellow partly blushed with lively red. Calyx tube narrow and elongated, often extending to the core. Stamens basal to median. Core medium to above, axile or nearly so; cells symmetrical, not uni- formly developed, closed or partly open; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels roundish, slightly emarginate. Seeds rather large, mod- erately dark brown, long, acute approaching acuminate. Flesh nearly white, fine, crisp, very tender, juicy, subacid, sprightly, aromatic, good to very good. Season September to October or later. LONG ISLAND PEARMAIN. REFERENCES. I. Coxe, 1817:144. fig. 2. Warder, 1867:682. 3. Downing, 1869 :255. Synonyms. Autumn Pearmain (2). Hollow Crown Pearmain (3). Lone IsLAND PEARMAIN (1, 2, 3). Winter Pearmain (2). This is an old variety which Coxe (1) thus describes: “A handsome large apple, of an oblong form, about the size of a Priestly —the stem is short, not deeply planted; the crown large and hollow; the skin streaked with large blotches of red on a rich yellow ground, with faint russet spots —the flesh is tender, coarse and pleasant, partaking of that dryness characteristic of all the varieties of the pearmain —it ripens in October and keeps till March.” Downing (3) states that it has sometimes been confused with Winter Pear- main which is an entirely different fruit. So far as wé can discover, Long Island Pearmain is now obsolete in New York. THE Apples OF NEw York. 125 LONG RED PEARMAIN. REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1876:55 app. Synonyms. English Pearmain incorrectly (1). Hudson Red Streak (1). Kentucky Bellflower (1). Kentucky Gilllower (1). Kaighn’s Spitzenburg imcorrectly (1). Lady Finger incorrectly (1). Long John (1). Long Pear- yuain (1). Lone Rep PEARMAIN (1). Mudhole (1). Park (not of Kansas) (1). Pearmam (1). Pound Royal incorrectly (1). Red Bellflower incor- hectiiw(n). Mmed Pearmam (1). Red Phemzx (1). Red Pippm (a). Red Spiisenberg (1). Red Winter Pearmaim incorrectly (1). Russam (1). Scarlet Pearmain (1). Sheepnose of some (1). Striped Pearmain (1). Wabash Bellflower (1). Winter Pearmain (1). This variety was for many years considered identical with Kaighn. See page 113. In 1876 Downing (1) stated that it was distinct from Kaighn in tree and fruit and gave the list of synonyms for it which is cited above. The fruit is medium to large, oblong approaching conic, yellowish, shaded and striped with red; flesh coarse, pleasant subacid, good; season late fall and early winter. LONG STEM. REFERENCES. I. Cole, 1849:106. 2. Hooper, 1857:55. 3. Warder, 1867: [ESSA Downing, 16003250. 5. Ragan, U.S: B. P. I. Bul., 56:183. 1005. Synonyms. None. Several varieties of the apple have been known in cultivation under the name Long Stem. One of these has already been described (Volume I, page 196) as Long Stem of Pennsylvania; others are noticed below. The references cited above do not all refer to the same variety. Lone Stem or MassacuHusetts. The following is Cole’s description of this variety (1): “ Large medial; flattish-round; pale yellow, brown full in the sun; dark specks and patches; stem extremely long, slender, in a broad, deep cavity; calyx large, rather open, in a broad, shallow basin; flesh white, rather tender, juicy, of a rich, mild, delicious, sprightly, aromatic flavor. First-rate for the dessert or cooking. Sept. Ist, to the last of Oct. Good and constant bearer. Origin, East Bridgewater, Ms.” Lone StEmM or CoNNEcTiIcUuT. Downing (4) describes this variety as hav- ing young shoots of dull reddish-brown, somewhat downy, with prominent, flattened buds. Fruit medium, roundish oblate, yellow; flesh fine-grained, sweet, rich, good. Season September 5 Oo. eaileys McINTOSH So a eet ec ee a So Sr OO THE Apples OF NEW YORK. 133 An. Hort., 1892:244. 10. Can. Hort., 16:369. 1893. col. pl. 11. Hoskins, Am. Gard., 15:288. 1894. 12. Craig, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1894:125. 13. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53:279. 1894. 14. Ib., 54:238. 1895. 15. [b., 55 :656, mi 5500. 16. Ib. .55:738, S19. 1806: 17: Ib., 56:830. 1807. 18. Can. Hort., 22:506. 1809. tg. Whitney, Onf. Fr. Gr. Assn. An. Rpt., 31:12. rea. Zo. Ib., Can. Hort., 23:24. 1900. fig. of tree. 21. Vb., 23:45. 1900. ngs. 22. Vt. Sta. Bul., 83:91. 1900. figs. 23. Taylor, U. S. Dept. Agr. Yr. Bk., rgor :383. col. pl. 24. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:299. IQOI. 25. ie ural N. Y., 6§:781. 19002. figs. 26. Kan. Sia. Bul., 106:54. 1902 27. Hansen, S. D. Sia. Bul., 76:72. 1902. 28. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :119 29. Farrand, Mich. Sia. Bul., 205:45. 1903. 30. Powell and Fulton, U. S. iB PT. Bul, 48:48. 1903. 3. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:130. 1904. 32. Scriber, Can. Hort., 28:277. 1905. Synonyms. MacIntosH Revd (18). McINtTosH (14, 16, 17, 19, 2I, 25, 29). Moetnrose Rep (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, IO, II, ¥2, 13, 15, 20, 26, 32). MeIn- josh feed (22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31). This variety belongs in the Fameuse group. It is adapted to a wider range of localities than is the Fameuse. The fruit is very attractive in appearance, of bright deep red color and good size. The flesh is very tender, perfumed and delicious. It is desirable for local markets and special trade but because of its lack of firm- ness it is less suitable for general handling. As grown at this Station it begins to ripen in late September or early October. In Western New York it cannot be expected to keep much later than October in ordinary storage without considerable loss but in cold storage it may be held until December or January (31). When grown in more northern or elevated regions it is often held in good condition till midwinter or later. It is susceptible to scab but this may readily be controlled with proper treatment.‘ The crop ripens unevenly and a considerable portion of the fruit is liable to drop before it is ready to pick. On this account it is best to make two or three pickings. In some localities the tree is said to be a some- what slow grower and not satisfactorily productive, but more often it is found to be a rather strong grower, hardy and healthy. It comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable cropper yielding good crops biennially and sometimes annually. It has not been sufficiently tested to demonstrate fully its value for commercial purposes but it is regarded by many as one of the most promising varieties of its class for general cultivation in New York. IN. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:399-418 1899. Ib., 22:321-386. 1903. 134 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. Historical. Originated as a chance seedling on the McIntosh homestead, Matilda township, Dundas county, Ontario, where Allan McIntosh began the propagation of this variety in the nursery about 1870 (20). It has been widely disseminated. It is now commonly propagated by nurserymen and its cultivation is on the increase in New York. TREE. Tree vigorous with numerous, small, slender laterals. Form roundish or spreading. Twigs above medium to short, straight or nearly so, rather slender; internodes long to below medium. Bark bright reddish-brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticeis quite nu- -merous, small, oval or elongated, raised. Buds deeply set in bark, medium to below, plump, obtuse to acute, free, slightly pubescent. FRUIT. Friit above medium, sometimes large; pretty uniform in shape and size. Form roundish to somewhat oblate, regular or faintly ribbed, obscurely angular. Stem short, stout or moderately slender, usually not exserted, often with irregular protuberances. Cavity large, acuminate or somewhat acute, wide, medium in depth, somewhat broadly furrowed, often partly russeted. Calyx small, closed or partly open; lobes short to long, narrow, acute. Basin pubescent, rather small, medium in depth, narrow, abrupt, smooth or ob- scurely furrowed. Skin thin, moderately tender, smooth, readily separating from the flesh, clear whitish-yellow or greenish washed and deeply blushed with bright red and striped with carmine; highly colored specimens become dark, almost purplish-red with the carmine stripes obscure or obliterated, overspread with thin, lilac bloom. Often the effect of the deep red is heightened by lively contrast with one or more spots of the clear pale vellow ground color where some twig or leaf pressed closely against the growing fruit. Dots whitish or yellow, usually very small. Calyx tube short, conical or funnel-shape with broad lmb. Stamens median to basal. Core medium size, usually abaxile; cells usually wide open; core lines nearly meeting. Carpels roundish to ellipticai, narrowing toward base and apex, smooth, much concave. Seeds medium brown, rather large, acute. Flesh white or slightly tinged with yellow, sometimes veined with red, firm, fine, crisp, tender, very juicy, characteristically and agreeably aromatic, perfumed, sprightly, subacid, becoming mild and nearly sweet when very ripe, very good to best for dessert. Season October to December or later. McLELLAN. REFERENCES. 1. Leavenworth, Horticulturist, 2:26. 1847. fig. 2. Thomas, 1849: 169. -3. Cole,-1849:125, 4. Eminons, Not, Hist Ne Voepseo 7s nee Hovey, Mag. Hort., 20:508. 1854. fig. 6. Elliott, 1854:147. 7. Downing, 1857:87. 8. Hooper, 1857:57. 9. Warder, 1867:726. 10. Am. Pom. Soc. Mc LELLAN THe Apples or NEw York. 135 Gaia is7m so ir. Lyon, Mach. Fort, Soc, Rpt, 1890-294: 12. Naylor, Am. iZanmpeSoc cpt. 18952193. 13. Burrill and McC@luer, Jil Sia. Bul., 45-300; 330. 1806. 14. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:42. 1903. 15. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :120. fig. SRAVONMaNisn Vani (nee On) Wie @rEnEAN «(in85))) MCEELAN: (6; 0). MigleniEeAN (2.3.4, 6. 7. TO) Th. 12, 13) 14, 715 )). A very choice dessert apple, handsome, fragrant, tender and excellent in quality. It comes into season a little later than Maiden Blisheand) may Keep till January or February. When properly colored it is well adapted for fancy market and fruit-stand trade but when the color remains greenish, as it often does, the) flavor is inferior. The fruit shows bruises readily and must be handled Wiiexuracare. It drops easily irom the tree and on this account should be picked as soon as colored. In some cases it may pay to make two pickings. The tree comes into bearing young and is a reliable biennial bearer yielding good crops. It is only a moder- ately vigorous grower and probably it would be an advantage to topwork it upon some more vigorous and longer-lived stock, such as Northern Spy or Baldwin. It is not recommended for extensive commercial planting but in some cases it may be grown to a lm- ited extent with profit. Flistorical. The original tree was planted in a seedling orchard in Wood- stock, Conn., about 1780 (1, 5). It has been sparingly disseminated and is known locally in various parts of New York state, but it is now seldom offered by nurserymen (12) and is little propagated. TREE. Tree medium in size, moderately vigorous with long and moderately stout branches. Form erect, roundish, open. wigs medium to long, erect, stout, generally somewhat curved; internodes short to medium. Bark dull, very dark reddish-brown, sometimes tinged with green and overlaid with rather heavy scarf-skin; rather heavily pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, not very conspicuous, medium to small, roundish, sometimes a little raised. Buds above medium to large, rather deeply set in the bark, broad, flat, cbtuse to somewhat acute, free, very pubescent. FRuIt. Fruit above medium to large; uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate to roundish conic, rather broad and flat at the base, symmetrical or nearly so, regular to elliptical. Stem short to medium, slender. Cavity acute to acuminate, rather wide, deep, symmetrical, sometimes a little fur- 136 THE AppLes OF NEw York. rowed, smooth. Calyx small to medium, partly open or closed; lobes long, acuminate. Basin medium to rather small, abrupt, moderately shallow to deep, rather narrow to moderately wide, nearly round or sometimes angular, sometimes distinctly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin tough, waxen, pale yellow or greenish, blushed and mottled with bright light red splashed and striped with bright carmine. Highly colored specimens are almost entirely red and very attractive. Dots numerous but mostly inconspicuous, whitish or russet. Calyx tube funnel-form with wide limb or sometimes elongated. Stamens basal to median. Core below medium to small, axile or nearly so; cells not uniformly de- veloped, usually pretty symmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines clasp- ing the funnel cylinder. Carpels smooth, roundish to elliptical narrowing toward the base and apex, slightly emarginate. Seeds rather small, obtuse, smooth, dark. Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately firm, very tender, moderately fine- grained, juicy, moderately crisp, almost sweet, excellent in flavor, very good for dessert. Season October to January or February or sometimes to March. McMAHON. REFERENCES. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:27. 2. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886 :221. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:03. 4. Rural N. V5 46-755 ser 5. Can. Hort., 11:220. 1888. fig. -6. dm. Pom. Soc: Cat, 1889-65 eee Gard., 11:243. 1890. 8. Can. Hort., 13:174, 216. 1890)" 9, Vor eeemem U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1890:413. 10. Can. Hort. 14:330. 180% ae Dayleneeee Pom. Soc. Rpt.,. 1892::57,-50. 12. Bailey, An.- Hort, 1892-2445 susan Hort., %§:303. 1802. 14. [b., 16:77, 134. 1803: -col. pL rgeGruee 16:137. 1803. fg. 16. Ib., Ont. Pr. Gr. Assn. An. Rpt, 2o@easeaeees Ib., Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 18942125. 18. Ib:, 1895 :03. e To.)eeacheeee Sta.. An. Rpt., 15:273. 18096. figs. 20. Thomas, 1897 :625. 25: Wauehere Sta. An. Rpt., 142300. 1901. 22. Hansen, S. D. Sia. Bulls 76 -72e5egeeeeme 23. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:48. 1903. 24. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:42. 1903. 25. Budd-Hansen, 1903:121. fig. 26. Beach and Clark, Ne Y. Sia: Bul, 248:130. 19004. 27. Ragan, UV Ss bee 56:188. 1905. Synonyms. McManan (14, 20). McMahan (27). McManan Waite (6, 7, 15, 16, 17, 18). McManon (it, 10, 21, 22; 23) 25, 26, 27) Vie ireenans WHite (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 24). McMahon White (19, 21, 22, 23, 220 27) A large apple of the Aport group, pale yellow or almost white, often with a delicate pink blush. The flesh is juicy, brisk subacid, fair to good in quality, excellent for culinary use. As grown at this Station it ripens unevenly and does not appear well adapted for storage (26). Season October to January or February. The EEE Mc LELLAN McMAHON THe Apples oF NEw York. 37) tree comes into bearing rather voung and vields good crops bien- nially. In 1895 Craig wrote concerning McMahon: “Attention is again drawn to some of its merits as an apple of value for regions where Northern Spy, Ribston Pippin and Rhode Island Greening cannot be grown profitably on account of their inability to with- stand the severity of the climate. It has proved so far a remark- ably vigorous and healthy grower, making probably more well matured wood growth than any other variety in the orchard, and is free from many of the defects characteristic to varieties unadapted to this climate. It has borne moderately heavy crops for the last two years. The fruit is of the largest size, smooth and handsome, though lacking in color as grown in this vicinity and somewhat Sonim texture (18). iit is less desirable than standard kinds of its season for growing commercially in New York because it is only moderately attractive in general appearance, its color is such that it readily shows bruises and it does not rank high either in flavor or quality. Historical. This variety originated about 1860 in Richland county, Wis., and is supposed to be a seedling of the Alexander. It is frequently listed by nurserymen, but it has thus far been but little planted in New York. TREE. Tree medium size, vigorous. Form rather spreading. wigs medium size, slender, straight or nearly so; internodes above medium. Bark dull dark reddish-brown; slightly pubescent. Lenticels numerous, below medium or sometimes medium, elongated, somewhat raised, dull. Buds medium or below, rather acute, thin, often appressed, slightly pubescent. FRuITt. Fruit large or very large. Form roundish inclined to conic, faintly ribbed. Stem medium in length, moderately thick. Cavity remarkably acuminate, very deep, broad, compressed, slightiy russeted and with outspreading rays. Calyx rather small, slightly open; lobes separated at base, snort. Basin moderately deep, rather narrow to moderately wide, abrupt, compressed, slightly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin pale greenish-yellow or nearly white with irregular stripes and patches of whitish scarf-skin extending out from the cavity over the base, and often having the cheek overspread with a thin blush which sometimes is faintly splashed and striped with carmine. Dots few, inconspicuous, small, greenish or russet. Calyx tube rather long, wide, broadly conical inclined to funnel-form or cylindrical. Stamens median to basal. 138 THE APPLES OF NEW York. Core medium to small, slightly abaxile to axile; cells pretty symmetrical, closed or slightly open; core lines nearly meeting or clasping. Carpels roundish or inclined to elliptical, slightly emarginate. Seeds rather dark brown, medium or below, moderately plump, obtuse to acute. Flesh nearly white, nearly fine, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, fair to good. Season October to January or February. MAGOG. REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1876:56 app. 2. Thomas, 1885:516. 3. Can. Hort., 13:174. 1890. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:243. 5. Hoskins, Am. Gard., 15:256. 1894. 6. Beach, N. Y. Sia. An. Rpi., 15:273. 1806. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:18. 8. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:48. 1903. 9. Budd-Hansen, 1903:122. 10. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205745. 1903. 11. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:130. 1904. Synonyms. Macoc (4, 8, 10). Macoc Red Streak (7, 9). Macoc Rep STREAK (1, 2, 3, 5,6). Magog Red Streak (4, 11). Fruit of good size, rather attractive appearance and good to very good quality, especially for culinary uses. Dr. Hoskins, who prop- agated it for several vears, said in 1894: “It is a fair but uneven keeper, and might be well described as not quite valuable enough to retain, yet hardly deserving to be cast aside.” It is reported as being very hardy in Northern New York, a good grower and a good bearer. As fruited at this Station the tree is a moderately good grower, comes into bearing rather young and yields moderate to good crops nearly annually. The keeping quality of the fruit varies in different seasons but its commercial limit in ordinary storage appears to be October. It remains in season to January or possibly later (11). It is not recommended for planting except perhaps for home use in localities where its superior hardiness gives it an advantage over ordinary varieties of its season. Historical. Originated by Wm. Warren, Newport, Vt. (1). It has been planted to a considerable extent in portions of Northern New England, Northern New York and the parts of Canada adjoining. Jt is stil propa- gated in a few nurseries (4). TREE. Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading or roundish. Twigs short to medium, straight or nearly so, rather slender; internodes short to medium. Bark dark brown or brewnish-red, lightly streaked with scari- skin, pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, oval, not raised. Buds small to above medium, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. MAGOG THe Apples oF NEw York. 139 FRUIT. Fruit medium to large, averaging above medium, rather uniform in size but variable in shape. Form roundish to oblong, inclined to conic or some- what ovate, regular or faintly ribbed; sides often unequal. Stem medium to short, moderately thick to rather slender. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, medium in depth, medium to rather narrow, usually smooth, oc- casionally lipped, often irregularly russeted. Calyx medium to small, closed; lobes medium length, rather narrow, acute to acuminate. Basin usually medium in width and depth, sometimes rather abrupt, coarsely wrinkled. Skin thin, tough, smooth, waxy, pale greenish or yellow, lightly washed and mottled with thin brownish-red, sparingly striped and splashed with deeper red. Dots numerous, light, submerged, areolar, brown and russet. Prevailing effect yellow. Calyx tube medium in width, long, conical to funnel-shape with long cylinder. Stamens nearly marginal. Core large to medium, abaxile; cells open; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels long ovate to broadly obcordate, sometimes tufted. Secds light brown, small to medium, rather wide, short, very plump, obtuse to broadly acute. Flesh tinged with yellow, rather firm, medium to rather fine-grained, tender, very juicy, sprightly, pleasant subacid, aromatic, good. Season October to January or later. MAIDEN BLUSH. IKEPPRENCES. 1. Coxe, 1817-100. fg. 2. Buel, N. VY. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826 :476. 3. Wilson, 1828:136. 4. Fessenden, 1828:131. 5. London Hort. SOGMOCin lost NO™ 7045) 6. Kenrick, 1832:27, 7. Uhacher, 1822-130. 8: Mag. Hort., 1:363, 306. 1835. 9. Downing, 1845:90. fg. 10. Thomas, HBAS Zig EE. COlG 18492113. we. 12. Emmons, Nat. Hast No VY. 3-40: 1851. col. pl. No. 30 and fig. 13. Barry, 1851:285. 14. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 18:544. 1852. fig. 15. Elliott, 1854:469 app. 16. Hooper, 1857:57. 17. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1860:240. 18. Warder, 1867:412. fig. 19. Fitz, 1872:143, 164. 20. Hogg, 1884:138. 21. Rural N. Y., 47:713. 1888. 22. Wickson, 1889 :244. 23. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294. 24. Bailey, An. Hort., MSO2 2157 25, Can. clort, 15:05. 1892: 26. Ark. Sta. An. Rpt, 6:55 1893. 27. 1b., 7:44. 1894. 28. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53:279. 1804. 29. ID., 55% USOO. gos MUL Sud, (tlh, ARSBe UO. Siig Ween 1K Sime “ie imDie FA =200; NOON, 32. 7a, Sia. Bul, 130:124. Toor. 33. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1901 :18. 34. Powell and Fulton, U. §. B. P. I. Bul., 48:48. 1903. 35. Budd-Hansen, 1903:122. fig. 36. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248 :130. 1904. Synonyms. Lady Blush (36). Matmwen BiusH (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, i, WA, WZ, AL M5, Os 17, 1S, UC), AO), 2 22, 23 Ail, DS, AS, Ay, AS, 20), Bo), iy oo) Ben 34e 25,20). inca Cheek (in): This is a beautifvl apple of pale lemon-yellow color with crim- son Cheek. The flesh is white, sprightly, not superior in flavor but 140 THe Apples OF NEW York. good in quality. It is valued especially for market and culinary uses. It makes very white evaporated stock. As grown in West- ern New York it is in season from September to November or December. Later than this although the fruit may appear sound it is deficient in quality. In cold storage its commercial limit appears to be about December 15th. It does not stand heat well before going into storage. It varies greatly in the time oi maturing in different seasons. The earlier it matures the less satisiactory is it as a keeper (36). It is recognized as a standard market variety and usually sells above the average prices for varieties oi its class. In many localities it has preven a very satisfactory variety for the commercial orchard, because the tree is a fine grower, hardy, pretty long-lived, comes into bearing rather voung and is a reliabie cropper, yielding good to heavy crops biennially or almost annually. In many cases the fruit does not mature uniformly and there is considerable loss from drops unless more than one picking is made in gathering the crop. Usually the fruit is pretty uniform in size but on unthrifty, old trees or under uniavorable circumstances a considerable amount of the fruit may be too small for market. It is sometimes badly injured by scab but this may readily be pre- vented by proper treatment. Historical. Coxe described this variety in 1817 as very popular m the Philadelphia market and the best variety of its season for evaporating. He stated that it was named by Samuel Allinson, of Burlington, N. J., who first brought it to notice. In the American Pomological Society's Catalogue oi iruits it is reported as either “ wholly successiul or successiul~ im nearly all the important apple-growing districts oi the United States (33). li has long been well and iavorably known in New York and it is sill bemg planted both for commercial purposes and for home use. TREE. Tree medium size, moderately vigorous to vigorous. Form spreading, open. Ywigs long, curved, slender; internodes short. Bark brown oz red- dish-brown, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent Leniicels quite numerous, small, round, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obiuse, free, slightly pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium or above, sometimes iarge, uniform in size and shape. Form oblate a little inclined to conic, regular, symmetrical. Siem short to MAIDEN BLUSH THe Apples OF NEW YorRK. 141 medium, rather slender. Cavity rather large, acute to obtuse, medium to wide, moderately deep to shallow, «1sually symmetrical, sometimes russeted. Calyx medium size, closed; lobes separated at base, medium length, mod- erately broad, acute. Basin moderately shallcw, medium to wide, obtuse, regular, smooth or slightly furrowed, symmetrical. Skin thin, tough, smooth, pale waxen yeliow with crimson blush. Dots numerous, whitish and submerged or areolar. Calyx tube small, narrow, conical to funnel-shape. Siamens median to marginal. Core medium size, axile or somewhat abaxile, broadly elliptical: cells closed or slightly open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels very broadly ovate. Sceds medium brown, moderately wide, moderately long, plump, acute. Flesh white or with slight yellow tinge, fine, moderately crisp, tender, very juicy, subacid, good in quality especially for culinary uses. Season September to November or December. MAIDEN FAVORITE. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1857:167. 2. Warder, 1867:725. 3. Thomas, 1875 :505. SynonyMs. Maiden’s Apple (1). Maen Favorite (1, 2, 3). A late fall and early winter variety which originated in Stuyvesant, Columbia county, N. Y. According to Downing it is a desirable amateur variety of deticacy and beauty, medium size or below, whitish or pale waxen yellow sometimes mottled with crimson. Flesh tender, crisp, very delicate, vinous, sweet, good to very good. Tree a rather slow grower with upright, slender branches, and a good bearer. We are not acquainted with this variety. So far as we have been able to learn it is not cultivated outside of the vicinity of its origin and is no longer propagated. MARGARET, REFERENCES. I. Forsyth, 1803:50. 2. Am. Gard. Cal., 1806:584. 3. For- syth, 1824:114. 4. Pom. Mag., 1:No.46. 1828. col. pl. 5. London Hort. moemOa, 1831:No. 7os. 6: Kenrick, 1832):26. . 7. Floy-Lindley, 1833):7. 3.) Manning, 1838-46. 9. Downing, 1845:73. fig. 10. Cole, 1849:08. It. Wiomas 1S40-137- 1g. 12. Emmons. Nat, Hast. N.Y > 3301, 1850. 13: PUNCH TG54-1A5. £4. Hooper, 1857:31.. 15. Warder, 1867:717. 16. Fitz, iag2 000: 67. Downing, 187210 index, app: 18. Leroy, 1873-454. fig. ~19- Barry, 1883:332. 20. Hogg. 1884:141. 21. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :238. Zz iour Koy, Hort. Soc. 1898:354. 23. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14 :200. 1901. 24. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :124. Synonyms. D’Eve (18). Duverson’s June (17). Early June of South (13). Earty Marcaret (16). Early Margaret (4, 20). Early Red (24). EARLY Rep JUNEATING (6). Early Red Juneating (7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 20). BARD RED MARGARET (4; 7, 8,0) 10, 11, 12) 14, 15, 17, 10, 21). Early Red Margaret (6, 13, 18, 20, 23). Early Striped Juneating (4, 5, 6, 7, 20). Eve Apple (7, of Ireland 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 13, 20). Herr’s June (17). June of Taz THE Apples OF NEw York. some in Ohio (13). Lammas (3, 20). Magdalene (20). MarGarer (1, 2, 3, 13, 20, 22, 23, 24). Margaret (4, 5; 6, 7, 9, 12) 18). MargureR ean MarGARET, Earty Rep (5). Margaretha Apfel (4, 7, 9, 12, 13). Marget Apple (20). MarGUERITE (18). Marguerite (5, 20). Maudlin (18, 20). Red Joaneting (22). Red June of South (13). Red Juncating (4, 5, 6, 7, Q, 10, II, 12, 13, 20). Red Juneting (3). Reinette Quarrendon (18). Rother Jacobs (18). Rother Jacobs Apfel (4, 7). Striped Juneating (5, 9, 11, 12, 13, 18, 20). Striped Quarendon (17). Striped Quarrenden (5, 18, 20). Summer Traveller (5, 17, 20). Virginia June (17). An early summer apple, small to nearly medium, roundish ovate, yeliowish striped and marbled with dull red. Flesh pleasant subacid, good; season late July and early August. It is adessert apple suitable for the home orchard only. The tree is of medium size, moderately vigorous, upright, hardy, long- lived, comes into bearing fairly young and is a pretty reliable biennial cropper. Histcrical. This is a very old English variety. Hogg (20) states that “Tt is without doubt the Margaret of Rea, Worlidge, Ray, and ail our early pomologists except Miller.” It has long been cultivated in this country, but only to a very limited extent. It is now rarely propagated by our nursery- men and seldom planted. MILLER. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1857:172. 2. Horticulturist, 13:530. 1858. 3. Warder, 1867:726. 4. Downing, 18€9:275. 5. Leroy, 1873:460. fig. 6. Thomas, 1875:506. 7. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890 :294. Synonyms. MULLER (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). MILLER SEEDLING (2). This apple was brought to notice by James O. Miller, Montgomery, Orange county, N. Y. (1). Downing (4) describes the fruit as rather large, roundish oblate inclined to conic, yellow shaded, striped and splashed with light red. Flesh yellowish, crisp, pleasant subacid, good to very good. Season October and November (3). Lyon refers to it as a promising fruit for market and general purposes (7). We are unacquainted with this variety and have recelved no report concerning it from any of our correspondents. MILLIGEN. REFERENCES... 1. NV. -Y. Sta: An. Rpt. 82348- 1880: 25 USS. 6 eee 48:40. 1003.. 3. Beach and Clark, N.Y. Sta: Bul, 248-132) 190% Synonyms. None. Fruit of good size, rather attractive in general appearance, yellow striped with red, good to very good. It comes into season in October and some portion of the fruit may be kept in good condition till spring. In common storage there is apt to be a rather high rate of loss during late autumn, so that its commercial limit is October or early November, but it may be held in cold storage till midwinter (3). The tree is a vigorous grower, almost an annual bearer and usually produces good crops. It does not excel standard varieties of its season for any purpose. Not recommended for planting in New York. THE Apples OF NEw York. 143 Historical. This variety was originated by Mrs. Milligen, near Claysville, Washington county, Pa. It was received for testing at this Station from JOR. and R. A. Murdock, Pittsburg, Raz ini tesco: MOSHER, REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1881:97 app. 2. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14 :300. IQOT. SyNoNYMS. MosHER (2). MosHER SWEET (1). Mosher Sweet (2). A good variety for the home orchard but not attractive enough for market (1). Originated in the orchard of Ephraim Mosher, Washington, N. Y., many years since. So far as we can learn this variety is not now being propagated by nurserymen and its cultivation appears to be declining. The tree is large, rather vigorous, upright spreading or roundish, a good grower, comes into bearing rather young and yields pretty good crops annu- ally or nearly annually. Fruit medium, oblate conic, ribbed pale yellow or greenish; flesh white, moderately juicy, sweet, aromatic, good; season Sep- tember and October. MOTHER. REFERENCES. 1. Mag. Hort., 10:210. 1844. 2. Thomas, Cultivator, 5:306. to4e. Wg. 3. Horticulturist, 3:581. 1848. 4. Cole, 1849:115. fig. 5. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 15:65. 1849. fig. 6. Thomas, 1849:169. fig. 7. Waring, 1851 :27. wee mmons, Nat Hast. (NN. Yi, 3:58. 185i. 9: Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. to. Mag. Hort., 20:241. 1854. 11. Elliott, 1854:147. 12. Downing, 1857 :87. Hooper, 1657-02: 14. Grege, 1857:55. 15. Mag. Hort. 28:281. 1862. 16. Lothrop, Mag. Hort., 32:363. 1866. 17. Warder, 1867:663. fig. 18. Fitz, fe72-t4t. TO. barry, 1883 :350: 20. Hoge, 1884:7. 21. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:2904. 22. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:245. 23. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort, Soc., 1898:356. 24. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bul., 130:124. 1901. 25. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:54. 1902. 26. Rural N. Y., 61 :820. 1902. figs. 27. Budd-Hansen, 1903:132. figs. 28. Rural _N. Y., 62:7,. 380. 7903. 29. Bruner, N. C. Sia. Bul., 182:21. 1003. 30. Powell and Fulton, Ces heaniek biul. 4650., 1003. 31.4 Beach and Clark: N. Y. Sta Bul. 248 :133. I904. SyNoNyMs. AMERICAN MoTHER (20). Gardener's Apple (20). Mother PEpiaae2O) he MORHER 11,725 °35-44.5,.0)°7; SO) 10,, 1) 12°53. 14, 15, 16. 17, 18: IQ, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31). MorTHrEr oF AMERICA (23). Queene Anne (12, 20). A beautiful red apple of good size, with tender, rich, aromatic flesh of best dessert quality. It is less desirable for culinary uses, being somewhat lacking in acidity. It resembles Esopus Spitzen- burg to a marked degree but ripens earlier and is not so good a keeper. In ordinary storage it does not keep well and November 144 THE APPLES OF NEw York. is its safe commercial limit, but in cold storage it may be held till March or later (31). Whe tree is below medium sizevands putea moderate grower. In many localities it is rather tender and liable to scald or canker on the trunk and larver branches: eames account it is desirable to topwork it upon Northern Spy or some other hardy, vigorous stock. It does not come into bearing very young and commonly is a biennial cropper yielding moderate to good crops. It cannot be recommended for general commercial planting but it 1s desirable for the home orchard. Historical. ‘Thomas described it in 1848 as “a new, handsome late autumn and early winter apple, of the highest quality,” and stated that it originated at Bolton, Worcester county, Mass. (2). It is still listed by some nursery- men (22) but it is nowhere being extensively planted. It is but seldom found in cultivation in New York. TREE. Tree below medium size, moderately vigorous or a rather slow grower. Form upright spreading to roundish, rather open. Twigs long, curved, mod- erately stout; internodes long. Bark brown, mingled with olive-green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels numerous, rather conspicuous, medium size, oval, raised. Buds rather prominent, medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. FRuIT. Fruit below medium to above, sometimes large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish or roundish conic to oblong ovate, obscurely and broadly ribbed. Stem long to medium, moderately slender to rather thick. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, rather shallow to moderately deep, rather narrow to moderately broad, often russeted, sometimes furrowed or compressed or lipped. Calyx small, closed or nearly so; lobes medium, narrow, acute. Basin shallow, narrow, a little abrupt, somewhat furrowed and wrinkled. Skin thin, smooth, golden yellow nearly covered with bright deep red, marbled and striped with carmine. Dots rather small, inconspicuous, yellow- ish or pale and submerged. Calyx tube rather long, funnel-form with wide limb and narrow cylinder. Stamens marginal. Core medium to rather small, abaxile; cells nearly symmetrical, open or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly ovate to roundish, emarginate, mucronate. Seeds rather dark, medium or below, plump, acute to acuminate. Flesh fine, tender, juicy, very mild subacid, aromatic, very good to best in. flavor and quality. Season late September to January; it is in its prime in November. MOTHER © ated yn A EN ee Sa le THE ApPLeS OF NEw York. 145 MOUNTAIN SWEET. REFERENCES. 1. Warder, 1867:388. 2. Downing, 1869 :282. Synonyms. Mountain SwEEtT (1, 2). Mountaimeer (1, 2). Fruit of medium size, fairly good appearance and moderate to good quality, not superior to other varieties of its season and not recommended for plant- ing in this state. Historical. Origin Pennsylvania (1). It is but little known in New York and its cultivation in this state is not being extended. TREE. Tree medium or below, not a strong grower, with short, stout, curved branches. form spreading or roundish, rather dense. Twigs short, straight, moderately stout; internodes short. Bark clear brown mingled with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, small, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium size, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent. 2 FRUIT. Fruit variable, usually medium or above. Form roundish or roundish oblate, pretty regular, somewhat angular; sides unequal. Stem short to rather long, rather slender. Cavity nearly acuminate to somewhat obtuse, medium in depth, rather broad, russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx small to rather large, closed or open; lobes separated at base, medium to long, rather narrow, acuminate. Basin moderately shallow to shallow, narrow to moderately wide, wavy. Skin thick, rather tough, somewhat rough, clear pale yellow overlaid with faint pinkish blush and scattering stripes of deeper red. Dots numerous, inconspicuous, small, russet. Prevailing effect striped. Calyx tube medium in length, rather wide, conical to somewhat funnel- form. Stamens median to basal. Core medium size, abaxile; cells open; core lines meeting or slightly clasp- ing. Carpels broadly ovate to elliptical, emarginate. Seeds very small, rather wide, plump, acute, rather light brown. Flesh white, moderately fine, very tender, juicy, sweet, good. Season September to December. MOUSE. REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1845:117. 2. Thomas, 1849:182. 3. Ei:mons, NiGiteGitS a Neen O2) slohte Ay Mlliott. 1854147.) 55. Elooper,, 1857.02: 6. Warder, 1867 :727. SNOMNAME, WiO0OSe Ci A AL Ss WlOuSe (5 4) 7a sO). An old variety which originated in Ulster county, N. Y., where it was formerly popular (1). According to Downing the fruit is large, roundish conical, pale greenish-yellow with brownish blush; flesh very white, fine- grained, delicate, mild subacid; good; season October to November. This variety is unknown to us and we have received no reports concerning it from any of our correspondents. ae THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. k4 hs OV’ MUNSON, REFERENCES. 1. Genesee Farmer, 10:288. 1849. 2. Barry, 1851:285. 3. Humrickhouse, Mag. Hort., 19:163. 1853. 4. Elliott, 1854:148. 5. Downing, 1857:174.. 6. Gregg, 1857:44. 7. Horticulturist, 17:104, 150. 1862. 8 Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 9. Warder, 1867:388. fig. 10. Thomas, 1875-108. 11. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpit., 1890:294. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:245. 13. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53:278. 1804. 14. Burrill and McCluer, Jil. Sta. Bul.,. 45:333. 1806. 15. Munson, Me. Sia. Rpt., 1896:71. 16. Ib. 18-80. 1902. 17. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :133. fig. 18. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205-45. 1903. 19. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:50. 1903. 20. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sia. Bul., 248:133. 1904. Synonyms. Meachem Sweet (5). Munson (17, 18, 10, 20). Munson SWEET (2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16). Munson Sweet (17, 10, 20). Munson SweEetTine (4, 6). Munson Sweeting (1). NorTHERN SWEETING (1). Orange Sweet (5,9). Ray Apple (5s). In some parts of New York this variety is better known under either the names Meachem Sweet or Rag Apple than it is under the correct name of Munson. The fruit commonly averages about medium size. It is attrac- tive in appearance for a yellow apple, being pale yellow often some- what blushed; skin characteristically tough separating readily from the tender flesh; season late September to December. It is a desir- able variety for home use but is not very satisfactory for growing commercially because there is little demand for a sweet apple of its season except in certain local markets. The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing rather early and is a pretty reliable cropper commonly yielding good crops biennially. Historical. Origin uncertain. Supposed to have originated in Massa- chusetts. It is still propagated by nurserymen (12) but it is not being planted in New York now as much as it was a generation ago. TREE. Tree large, moderately vigorous to vigorous. Form spreading or roundish, rather dense. Ywigs short to rather long, curved, stout to moderately slender with large terminal buds; internodes short. Bark dark brown, heavily streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. JLenticels quite numerous, rather conspicuous, medium size, roundish, raised. Buds large, prominent, broad, plump, obtuse,- free, pubescent. FRuIrT. Fruit below medium to rather large, averaging about medium size. Form roundish oblate, often somewhat elliptical, ribbed. Stem rather short, mod- a Seno oe eae , MUNSON THE Apples OF NEW York. 147 erately thick. Cavity medium to rather large, acuminate, narrow to medium width, rather unsymmetrical, lightly russeted. Calyx medium to small, closed; lobes rather narrow, acute. Basin shallow to very shallow, narrow, obtuse or a little abrupt, furrowed, often unsymmetrical. Skin rather thick and tough separating readily from the flesh, smooth, greenish-yellow often somewhat blushed. Calyx tube funnel-shape with long cylinder. Stamens marginal to median. Core medium to large, axile or sometimes abaxile; cells often unsym- metrical, closed or somewhat open; core lines clasping the cylinder. Carpels roundish to elliptical, emarginate, tufted. Seeds medium size, rather short, flat, obtuse, dark brown. Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately fine-grained, tender, moderately juicy, sweet, good to very good. Season late September to December. NORTHERN SWEET. REFERENCES. I. Cultivator, 6:353. 1849. 2. Battey, Horticulturist, 4:316. 1850. fig. 3. Jeffreys, [b., 4:413. 1850. 4. Barry, 1851:285. 5. Emmons, Nat. Pies -A2 1951. col. pl: No: 50 and fig. 6. Mag. Hort., 20:2A1. 1854. 7. Elliott, 1854:149. 8. Downing, 1857:177. 9. Gregg, 1857:45. 10. Hoffy, erie tS00. Col pl, 11. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 12. Warder, 1807 :632. 13. Leroy, 1873:502. fig. 14. Thomas, 1875:508. 15. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881 :316. 16. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:245. 17. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:302. 1901. 18. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :138. SYNONYMS. Golden Sweet (8, 10, 13). NortTHERN GOLDEN SWEET (5). Northern Golden Sweet (2, 7, 8, 13). Northern Golden Sweeting (10). NOREUEENS WEED (1, 2) 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18). NortH- _ERN SWEETING (0). Fruit yellow or sometimes with a crimson cheek. Flesh whitish, fine, ten- der, juicy, sweet, very good; season midautumn. It is a good apple for the home orchard but not desirable for commercial purposes. Historical. Supposed to be a native of Chittenden county, Vermont. Brought to notice by Jonathan Battey, Keeseville, Clinton county, N. Y., about 1849, who stated that it had then been cultivated in the vicinity of its origin for about fifty years (2). It has probably been grown more in the Cham- plain valley than in any other section of the state. It is still occasionally listed by nurserymen (16) but is now seldom planted. OGDENSBURGH, REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1869 :201. Synonyms. None. Originated with A. B. James, Ogdensburg, N. Y. According to Elliott’s description cited by Downing (1) the fruit is medium size, whitish-yellow with brownish-blush; flesh tender, very mild subacid, very good; season November and December. We are unacquainted with this variety and have received no report concerning it from any of our correspondents. 148 THE Apples OF NEW York. OHIO NONPAREIL, REFERENCES. I. Mag. Hort., 14:114. 1848. 2. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:77- 1851. fig. 3. Elliott, 1854:148. fig. 4. Mag. Hort, 22:85, )500. aes. 5. Hooper, 1857:15. 6. Downing, C., Mag. Hort., 27:50. 1861. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 8. Elliott, Mag. Hort., 32:51. 1866. 9) Warder 1867 :447. fig. 10. Downing, 1869:29. fig. 11. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1869. 12. Fitz, 1872:171. 13. Thomas, 1875:203. 14. Batry, 1883-340) a5 .siegon Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294. 16. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:245. 17. Budd- Hansen, 1903:141. fig. SYNONYMS. BELLFLOWER OF THE WEsT (5). Cattell Apple (10, of Penn- sylvania 6). Myers NonpareiL (3, 7, 8, 13). Myers Nonpareil (6, 9, 10, 12,14). Nonpareil (6). Onto NoNPAREIL (1, 4, 6, 0, 10, I1, 12, 14, 15, 17)- Ohio Nonpareil (5, 13). Onto NoNPAREIL (2, 16). Red Bellflower otf some (5). Rusty Core (6, 10). Wells (5). Western Beauty (09, erro- neously Io). A fine fall apple of good color and good quality for either dessert or culinary purposes. The tree is a moderate grower and appears to be hardy and moderately long-lived. It does not come into bearing very young and is not always a reliable cropper. It is regarded as a good variety for home use and some recommend it for commercial planting. Season October and November. Historical. Originated near Massillon, Ohio. Although this is an old variety having first been described in 1848 (1) we do not find that it has been much disseminated in New York. It is more popular in the Middle West and is still offered by nurserymen in that region (16). TREE. Tree medium size, moderately vigorous. Form rather spreading, not dense. YJwigs medium length, curved, rather stout. Bark olive-green with some reddish-brown, thinly streaked and mottled with gray scarf-skin. Lenticels scattering, conspicuous, large, usually round, becoming laterally compressed. Buds medium to small, obtuse, appressed, pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit medium to large. Form roundish oblate, often obscurely ribbed. Stem medium to rather short, rather thick. Cavity rather large, acute, deep, pretty symmetrical, more or less russeted, the russet sometimes outspread- ing over the base. Calyx medium or above, closed or slightly open; lobes medium in length, narrow, acute. Basin rather small, medium in depth, narrow to moderately wide, somewhat abrupt, rather symmetrical. Skin pale yellow to deep yellow almost entirely overspread with bright red, mottled and irregularly striped and splashed with carmine. Dots moderately numerous, small to medium, areolar with russet center or grayish. Nlddld OIHO THE Apples oF NEw York. 149 Calyx tube moderately short, conical. Stamens basal to nearly median. Core small, somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, not uniformly developed, nearly closed to somewhat open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels roundish, rather flat, tufted. Seeds medium size, moderately long, plump, acute, tufted. Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, moderately fine, crisp, tender, juicy, agree- able subacid, aromatic, good to very good. Season October and November. OHIO PIPPIN. REFERENCES. 1. Warder, 1867:484. fig. 2. Downing, 1869:202. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1881:12. 4. Thomas, 1885:223. 5. Taylor, Am. Pom. Soc. ippeatsgseto3, 6. Budd-Mansen, 1903:141. 7. Beach and Clark, N. VY. Sia. Bul., 248:135. 1904. SynonyMs. Buchanan (1). Ernsts Apple (1). Ernst’s PIppIn (4). Ensim bippin (2). Onto Prepin (1, 2, 3,°5, 6, 7). Onto Pippm (A). Shannon (1, 2, 3, 6). Fruit of good medium size, quite attractive for a yellow apple, mild in flavor and of good quality. Season late September or October to January; October.appears to be its commercial limit in this latitude (7). The tree attains good size, is rather vigorous and healthy, comes into bearing rather young and 1s a reliable cropper, being almost an annual bearer and often yielding full crops. Historical. This variety is supposed to have originated in Dayton, Ohio (1, 2). It has been disseminated pretty widely in the Middle West but it is scarcely known among New York fruit growers. TREE. Tree rather vigorous. Form open, somewhat roundish or spreading and inclined to droop. Twigs short, straight, stout; internodes short. Bark dark dull brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels scattering, medium to below, oblong, not raised. Buds very deeply set in the bark, medium size, flat, obtuse, appressed, slightly pubescent. FRuIit. Fruit above medium to medium. Form oblate conic to roundish oblate, rather irregular in shape being often somewhat elliptical or obscurely ribbed. Stem short, slender, usually not exserted. Cavity rather large, acute or slightly acuminate, varying sometimes to rather obtuse, deep, broad, often ‘furrowed, sometimes lipped, sometimes russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to large, open; lobes reflexed, rather broad, obtuse, separated at the base. Basin small and shallow to rather broad, deep and abrupt, sometimes compressed, wrinkled. 150 THE AppLeS OF NEw York. Skin smooth, somewhat glossy, attractive bright yellow often with a faint orange or pinkish blush. Dots whitish, submerged, sometimes russet or areolar with russet point. Calyx tube short, rather wide above, cone-shape or approaching truncate funnel-form. Stamens basal or nearly so. Core small, usually axile; cells symmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish, approaching elliptical, but slightly emarginate if at all, mucronate, slightly tufted. Seeds numerous, light colored, rather small, very plump, obtuse. Flesh whitish or tinged with yellow, firm, fine, tender, crisp, moderately juicy, mild subacid becoming mildly sweet, good. OKABENA. REFERENCES. 1. 4m. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:132. 2. Ib., Cat., 1899:19. 3. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1901:907. 4. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul.) 76:78. 1902. fig. 5. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:54. 1902. 6. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:84. 1902. 7. Budd-Hiansen, 1903:141. ig. SYNONYMS. OKABENA (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7). OKOBENA (6). An autumn apple not particularly attractive in appearance, nor more than moderately good in quality. Not recommended for planting in New York. Historical. Originated in 1871 near Worthington, Minn., from seed of Oldenburg said to be fertilized by Wealthy (7). Received for testing at this Station in 1892, from the Jewel Nursery Company which introduced this variety. In 1899 it was given a place on the list of the American Pomologi- cal Society as a variety of value in the Upper Mississippi valley (2). So far as we can learn it has been grown in the East only in an experimental way. OLDENBURG, REFERENCES. 1. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 341. 2. Kenrick, 1832:64. 3. Manning, 1838:52. 4. Ives, Mag. Hort., 6:125. 1840. 5. Man- ning, [b., 7:44. 1841. 6. Downing, 1845:82. 7. Cole, 1849:102. 8. Thomas, 1849:147. 9. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 16:405. 1850. fig. 10.) 2 minionsae ar. Hist. N. Y., 3:34. 185%. 11. Barry, 1851:283: 12.) Wanines ue hieeoomes: Elliott, 1854:131. 14. Hooper, 1857-30. 15. Gregg, 1857 425 10a eoun- Soc. Cat., 1862. 17. Barry, Horticulturist, 22 148. 1S07-tO ee ea ete 1867 :431. 19. Todd, 1871:186. fig: 20. Leroy, 1873-148. Wen 2m Monineal Hort. Soc. Rpt, 1876:6. 22. [b., 6:07. 1880. 23. Am: Rome Socm@ac, 1883 :12. 24. Hogg, 1884:64. 25. Can. Hort. 11:221. 18cOuecouselos ans, Rural N. V., 47 :646.. 1888. 27.-Dunlap, Til. Hort Socwikpipetesoncemce- Can. Hort., 12:75, 110. 1880. 209. Montreal Hort. Soc Rpis a5-2oucoo: 30. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294. 31. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :237. 32. Am. Gard., 14:519. 1803. 933. Can. Hort, 17-201. iSOnmst aaa) N. Y., 53:28. 1804. 35. Am. Gard., 17:519. 1806. 36. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:354. 37. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 6:8. 1809. figs. 38. Craig, Cyc: of Hort, 1901:1404. 39. Vian) Demany fen7aiee 60:248. 1901. 40. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bul., 130:121. 1901. 41. Waugh, Vz. Son Nie | =~ a Q 1Z educed § > ay OLDENBURG (fF | t f r | THE Apples OF NEW YorK. I51 Sm An. Rpt., 14:302. 1901. 42. Hansen, S. D. Sia: Bul., 76:46. 1902. 43. Ib., 76:79. I902. fig. 44. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:52. t902. 45. Bruner, N. C. Sta. Bul., 182:21. 1903. 46. Farrand, Mtch. Sia. Bul., 205:45. 1903. 47. Budd-Hansen, 1903:141. fig. 48. Powell and Poten US. B. P. 7. Bul., 48:51. 1003. 49. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sia. Bul., 248:136. 1904. Synonyms. Baroveski (20). Barowiski (20). Borovitsky (20, 37, 38). BorowiIcki (20). Borowitski (24). Borowitsky (43). Charlamowiski (24). Charlamowski d’Automne (20). Charlamowskircher Nalleoid (20). Charla- mowsky (43). DucHEss (27, 29, 32, 35, 37, 38, 43). DUCHESS OF OLDEN- Pune A. EE 12 10,17, 10, 21, 22, 24, 25 28; 31, 33, 36, 44). Duchess of Oldenburg (23, 41, 48, 49). DUCHESS OF OLDENBURGH (I, 2, 5, 9, 10, 14, 18). Duchesse d’Oldenbourg (20). DutcHEss (13). DuTcHESS OF OLDENBERG (15). DutTCHEss OF OLDENBURGH (6, 7, 8). Dutchess of Oldenburgh (13). New Brunswick (34). OLDENBURG (23, 26, 39, 45, 48, 49). Oldenburg (35, 37). OLDENBURGH (30, 34). OLDENBURG, Duchess of (40, 42, 46, 47). This Russian apple is known throughout the West either by the name Duchess, or by the full name Duchess of Oldenburg; the American Pomological Society has abbreviated the full name to Oldenburg, but this has not been generally accepted by Western fruit growers. In European nurseries it is propagated under the names of Charlamowsky and Borowitsky. It was early imported into the West, coming to this country by the way of England and it was the extreme hardiness of this variety in the early test winters that kept up the hopes of prairie orchardists in time of great dis- couragement and led to the importations of more varieties from Russia (42). Oldenburg is one of the most valuable of the Russian apples thus far introduced into this country. It is of good size and attractive appearance. It is generally highly esteemed for home use on account of its excellent culinary qualities and with some fruit growers it has proved a very profitable variety for the commercial orchard. When properly grown and carefully handled it stands shipment pretty well and sells well for a variety of its season. In some few localities in Western New York it is grown in sufficient quantities so that it can be shipped in car lots to distant markets, but in very many places it is produced in greater quantities than the local markets can absorb and yet not in quantities large enough so that it can be economically shipped to distant markets. Since the fruit is quite perishable it does not stand heat well before shipment 152 THE APPLES OF NEw York. and goes down rather quickly, particularly if the weather is unfa- vorable. When sent to distant markets it should be shipped under ice. The fruit ripens in succession so that several pickings are required in order to secure the crop in prime marketable condition. It is in season during late August and September, but it may be used for culinary purposes before it is fully ripe. Whe tree is highly valued because of its great hardiness. It is vigorous when young but with age it becomes a rather moderate or slow grower. It is only moderately long-lived, but is a reliable cropper, yielding good crops biennially, often with lighter crops alternating. Gener- ally speaking, the trees require good cultivation, thorough fertilizing and careful spraying in order to secure the best commercial results. The fruit hangs fairly well to the tree till it 1s mipe: ie teeageee uniform in size and quality, with but a small percentage cf loss from unmarketable fruit. | Historical. This is one of the four pioneers among Russian apples in America, the other three being Alexander, Tetofsky and Red Astrachan (38). These four varieties were imported by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society from the London, England, Horticultural Society about 1835. Olden- burg was brought to England from Russia about twenty years prior to that date. it was tested by Robert Manning, Superintendent of the Test Gar- der of the Massachusetts Horticultural:Society at Salem who published the following description in 1838 (3): “A valuable and handsome apple said to be of Russian origin. The size is middling, form round and rather flat; skin of a beautiful yellow, striped with red; flavor very pleasant and good. It bears well and ripens in September and October.” In 1850 Hovey wrote, “Mr. Manning, we believe, first proved the Duchess of Oldenburg and gave a brief account of it in his Book of Fruits. Since then it has been con- siderably disseminated, and though yet far from being common is to be found in many fine collections of fruit” (9). Later it became disseminated throughout the Middle West and Northwest where it proved to be much superior in hardiness to Baldwin, Rhode Island Greening, Northern Spy and other varieties which have been commonly cultivated in this state. Its ability to withstand severe climates encouraged the importation of other Russian sorts some of which have proved valuable in the northern portion of the apple belt. Oldenburg is commonly listed by nurserymen (31) and its planting both in home orchards and in commercial orchards is increasing in this state. TREE. Tree medium in size. Form at first upright spreading but eventually roundish. Twigs moderately long, curved, slender; internodes long. Bark dark brown, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels THE Apples OF NEw York. 153 scattering, small to medium, oblong, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. FRuIt. Fruit medium to large, averaging above medium, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate to oblate, regular, symmetrical. Stem short to some- times medium, moderately slender. Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, broad, usually partly covered with greenish-russet. Calyx medium to rather large, usually closed; lobes rather broad, acute. Basin moderately deep to deep, wide, abrupt, smooth or with small mammiform protuberances. Skin moderately thick, tender, smooth, pale greenish-yellow or pale yel- low, almost covered with irregular splashes and stripes of bright red mottled and shaded with crimson. Dots scattering, small, light colored. Prevailing effect red striped; attractive. Calyx tube moderately long, rather wide, funnel-shape with broad trun- cate cylinder or approaching urn-shape. Stamens median. Core medium to rather large, axiie; cells symmetrical, closed or slightly open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly ovate, slightly emarginate. Seeds medium to rather large, wide, obtuse to acute, moderately plump, dark brown. Flesh tinged with yellow, rather firm, moderately fine, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, aromatic, good to very good for culinary purposes. It has too much acidity for a good dessert apple. Season late August and September. ORANGE. REFERENCES. I. M’Mahon, Am. Gard. Cal., 1806:585. 2. Coxe, 1817 :139. seumons, Nat. Hast. N. V.,3:01.. 1851. 4. Horticulturist, 8:247. 1853. Revie. Elort., 19:172. 1653. 6. Hlooper, 1857:67. 7. Downing, 1857:178. 8. Warder, 1867:728. 9. Downing, 1869:294. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892: 245. Synonyms. None. Different varieties of the apple have been known under the name Orange. The Fall Orange has already been described on page 60. Orange has sometimes been used as a syncnym for Lowell which is de- scribed on page 128. ORANGE OF NEw JERSEY (1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). Coxe (2) gives the fol- lowing description of this variety: “This is a fine table apple in the fall and carly winter months; and is thought to be a good cider fruit; the size is small, the form oblong—the colour a greenish-yellow —the flesh yellow, rich, juicy and sprightly; the tree is of moderate size, the growth upright, and its fruitfulness great. It is much cultivated in several of the middle counties of New-Jersey as a highly estimable apple.” Downing (7, 9) states that the tree is vigorous and moderately productive; the fruit pleasant sub- acid; very good; season September and October. ORANGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. A variety which originated at Reading, Pa., was brought to notice under the name Orange by the ad interim report of the Fruit Committee of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society in 1853 (4, 5). The fruit is described as medium size, roundish, nearly orange-yellow, sprightly, 8 eee 154 THE Apples OF NEw York. good (4, 5, 8,9). We have received no reports concerning this variety from any of our correspondents and so far as we know it is not in cultivation in New York. ORANGE PIPPIN, REFERENCES. 1. Forsyth, 1803':54. 2. Ib, 1824:110: 3: Buel eevee Agr. Mem., 1826:476. 4. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 587. 5. Ken- rick, 1832:81. 6. Lindley, 1833:80. 7: Watder, 1867/7285) Sa meee Soc. Cat, 1869. 9. Downing, 1872:62 app. fg. “ro: Leroy1873 45700 11. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat, 1873. . 12. Hogg, 1884:116) 13:ibe serene 14. Thomas, 1885:519. 15. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt, 1890-2965 920; Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :245. Synonyms. Englese Orange Appel (12). ISLE oF WIGHT PIPPIN (4, 12). Isle of Wight Pippin (5, 6). Isle of Wight Orange (4, 5, 6, 12). MARIGOLD (10). Marigold (5). Marigold Creed’s (10). Marigold Pippin (2). Mary- gold (6). ORANGE (7). ORANGE PIPPIN (1, 2) 3) 5, 6, 8, 0) 11, Gia eon Orange Pippin (4, 12). Pomme d’Orange (12). The above references are not all to the same variety and are included only because in many cases it is uncertain which variety the writer had in mind. At least two varieties have been known in this country under the name Orange Pippin but so far as we can learn neither of them is now considered of superior value by fruit growers and both are going out of cultivation. One, which has been called also the Isle of Wight Pippin, Isle of Wight Orange, Marygold and Marigold, was disseminated from the Isle of Wight where, as some have supposed, it was brought from Normandy (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12). Fruit medium size, roundish, skin yellowish, golden gray russeted and highly colored with orange and red on the sunny side; flesh firm, crisp, pleasant acid, suitable for dessert; season October to January (6, 9). This was entered on the list of the American Pomological Society in 1869, dropped in 1871 and re-entered in 1873. An Orange Pippin grown in some parts of New Jersey is described (8, 9, II, 14, 15) as a profitable summer market apple of unknown origin. Tree vigorous, at first upright but eventually spreading; a reliable biennial cropper. Fruit medium or above, pale yellow with some orange red in the sun; flesh white, half fine, tender, pleasant subacid; season September and October. ORANGE SWEET. REFERENCES. I. Mag. Hort., 1:396. 1835. 2. Warder, 1867:566. 3. Down- ing, 1869:2905. 4. Thomas, 1885 :510. SyNonyMS. Orange Russet (2). ORANGE SWEET (3, 4). ORANGE SWEET- ase (Gix 2), Several varieties are described under this name by Downing (3): one from Ohio, large, greenish-yellow; flesh whitish, tender, sweet, good; season October and November: one from Massachusetts, the fruit medium, oblate, greenish-yellow; the flesh yellowish-white, rather coarse, rich, sweet; season August and September: and one from Maine; fruit medium, roundish ovate, THE Apples OF NEw York. 155 bright yellow with blush; flesh yellowish, tender, sweet, rich; season Sep- tember and October. Warder (2) describes under the name Orange Sweeting or Russet “An eastern variety not much cultivated; fruit large, very round, regular, green- ish-yellow, bronzy, orange russeted; flesh rather tough, fine-grained, juicy, good; season December.” : The name Orange Sweet has also been used as a synonym for both Mun- son (p. 146) and Golden Sweet (p. 81). OSTRAKOFF. REFERENCES. 1. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:106. fig. 2. ID., ii One OG MIMPt., 1883-443. 3. Budd, Wa, Avr, Coll. Buls 1885-18. 4. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:71. 5. Craig, [b., 1886-87 :103. Geeudd cura) N.Y. 47-002.) 1888. 7. Ib., fa. Agr, Coll. Bull., 1890:23. Sapealleyecans ion, 1892-246, “9. Budd, Ja, Sta. Bul, 193540. -18092. To. iamlomei Vier Pom. Soc. ikpt., 1892-58. 11.-Can. Hort, 16:402. 1803. ieewedcw ON. Y. Sia. An. Rpt, 133583. 1604~ 13. Munson, Me: Sta. Rpt., mSQ0E75. 904. Lomas, 1897:648. 15. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpi., 1902 :84. moeesiamsenS. ). Sia. Bul, 7O:S0; 1002, fg. 17. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sia. Bul. 248 :136. 1o90d. SYNONYMS. Astravaskoe (12). OSTRAKOFF (7, 9, I0, 12, 13, 15, 16, I7). OsTRAKOFF GLASS (11). Ostrakoff Glass (12). OSTREKOFF (3, 5). Ostre- koff's Glass (1, 2). Ostrekovskaya Steklianka (3). OSTREKOWSKAJA STEK- LIANKA (1, 2). OstTrokorr (6, 8, 14). Ostrokorr’s GLass (4). No. 4 M soe. 9) 11, 13, 15, 16). Wo. 472 (1, 3). A Russian variety of good size, greenish-yellow, brisk subacid, fair to good quality. Its keeping qualities vary much in different seasons. As grown at this Station it is commonly in its prime from late September into November but a portion of the fruit may often be kept into the winter in very good condition. It is reported as a promising variety for portions of Northern New England and other regions where superior hardiness is a prime requisite. It is of no value where our common standard varieties succeed. Historical. Described by Budd in 1885 under the name Ostrakoff’s Glass and in 1890 under the name Ostrakoff (3, 7). It was received in 1884 for testing at this Station from Ellwanger and Barry, Rochester, N. Y., under the name Astravaskoe. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous. Form spreading or roundish, open. Twigs short, curved, stout with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark dark brown tinged with green, heavily streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, round, raised, rather conspicuous. Buds prominent, large, long, plump, obtuse, free. FRuIrt. Fruit medium or above, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish to somewhat ovate or oblong, somewhat conical, a little angular. Stem 150 THE APPLES OF New York. +) characteristically long, often curved, twisted or irregularly enlarged or in- serted under a fleshy protuberance. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, shallow to moderately deep, medium in width to narrow, partly covered with light greenish-russet, often lipped. Calyx closed or open, rather large, leafy; lobes rather broad, acute to obtuse. Basin characteristically irregular, medium in width and depth, abrupt, sharply ridged and wrinkled. Skin moderately thin, rather tough, smooth, pale waxen-yellow sometimes with a faint reddish shade. Dots very numerous, small, submerged, often areolar. Calyx tube medium to large, rather wide, conical to peculiarly funnel-form, with broad truncate cylinder. Stamens basal to median. Core medium size, axile; cells closed or slightly open; core lines meeting. Carpels roundish to broadly ovate, emarginate. Seeds medium brown, large, wide, rather flat, obtuse to acute. Flesh yellowish-white, firm, rather fine, juicy, brisk subacid, fair to good. Season late fall and early winter. PALOUSE, REFERENCES, I. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1891:300: 2: Rural NOY, 50:815. 1891. 3. Hexamer, Am. Pom. Soc. Kpt., 1895-150) (4-.\Walliams: Gard. and For., 5:11. 1892. 5. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246. 6. Craig, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1896:133. 7. Macoun, /0., 1901 :97. Synonyms. None. Palouse is a comparatively new variety which originated in Wash- ington. In color, texture, flavor and aroma it 1s se muemmuike Tompkins King that some suppose it to be a seedling of that variety. Its form, however, is quite different from that of Tompkins King, typical fruit being oblong, as described by Craig (6) and others (1, 2), rather than oblate or roundish oblate, as described by Hexamer (3) and Macoun (7). It is hardly as good a keeper as Tompkins King and would probably be classed as a late fall variety, being in season from October to early winter. It is, however, more productive than Tompkins King and is being much planted in com- mercial orchards in Washington where many regard it as one of the most valuable of the seedling varieties which have originated in that region. It appears to be worthy of testing in New York. Historical. Palouse originated in Whitman county, Washington, from seed brought from Illinois in 1879. The original tree is located five miles east of Colfaxt. It was introduced about 1892 by George Ruedy, Colfax, Wash., whose 1 Ruedy, Letter and Circular, 1904. PARRY WHITE Tue Apples oF New York. 157 attention was first called to the variety in 1889 when it took first premium as the best seedling apple exhibited at the Whitman County Fair. It is as yet but little grown in the East and so far as we can learn it has as yet been planted in New York to but a limited extent and for trial only. Prom (2373). Fruit large. Form oblong conic, ribbed or scalloped. Stem long, slender. Cavity remarkably deep. Calyx closed or partly open. Basin rather shallow to deep, distinctly furrowed, the furrows often extending to the cavity. Skin bright yellow, blushed and more than half covered with crimson, splashed, blotched and dotted with darker red. Prevailing effect attractive red and yellow. Core large. Flesh yellowish, crisp, firm, tender, juicy, very aromatic, subacid, very good. Season October and early winter. PARRY WHITE. REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1872:25 app. 2. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246. merci Yi. Sid. An. Kpt., 14:203. 1805. 4. Beach and Clark,.N. Y. Side bil. 24S +137, 1004. Synonyms. Imperial White (1). Parry WHITE (1, 2, 3, 4). Superior White (1). White Apple (1). Fruit pale yellow or whitish, waxen, of medium size; quite attrac- five in appearance for an apple of its class. The flesh is white, juicy, subacid, good in quality for either dessert or culinary use. It follows Yellow Transparent in season, beginning to ripen late in August or early in September and continuing in use into or through October (4). The tree comes into bearing young and is an annual cropper, vielding good to very heavy crops. In spite of its remarkable productiveness it makes a pretty good growth. It is worthy of trial where an apple of its type is desired. Historical. Origin unknown. It is supposed to be a Pennsylvania apple. It is occasionally listed by nurserymen (2). It has not yet become known to any considerable extent in New York. TREE. Tree of medium size and moderately vigorous. Form at first upright spreading but after bearing full crops it becomes roundish and somewhat drooping; dense. Jwigs short, curved, stout with large terminal buds; internodes short. Bark brown tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels quite numerous, 158 THe AppLes OF NEw York. rather conspicuous, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium to large, plump, obtuse, free, pub:scent. FRuIT. Fruit usually medium but varies according to the abundance of the crop from below medium to rather large; quite uniform in size and shape. Form nearly globular varying to somewhat oblate or slightly inclined to ovate, quite regular. Stem above medium to rather short, slender. Cavity slightly acuminate, medium to shallow, medium in width, smooth, symmetrical. Calyx small, closed; lobes medium in length, narrow, acute. Basin very shallow, moderately narrow to rather broad, obtuse, smooth or slightly wrinkled, symmetrical. Skin moderately thick, rather tough, waxen yellowish-white or greenish, Occasionally blushed. Dots medium size to very small, pale or brown, numer- ous, depressed. Calyx tube short, narrow, funnel-shape. Stamens marginal to median. Core medium to small, abaxile; cells open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels round, emarginate. Seeds medium or above, acute or inclined to obtuse, light brown. Flesh white, quite firm, rather fine, tender, juicy, subacid, good. Season very late August into or through October. PAG TEN: REFERENCES. 1. Watrous, 4m. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1889:124. 2. Patten, C. G,, Descriptive Circular, 1891. 3. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:60. 4. Me. Sta. Rpt., 1892:00. 5. Macoun, Can. Hort., 22:396. 18099. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:19. 7. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1901:98. 8. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:84. 1902. 9. Hansen, S. D, Sta. Bul., 76:81. 1902. fig. 10. Budd-Hansen, 10903 :145:.) fig. 115-Ragank USS) ope ore 56 :226. 1905. Synonyms. Duchess No. 3 (2, 9, 10). PATTEN (11). Patten’s Duchess No. 3 (11). PATTEN GREENING (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). Patten Greening (11). PatTEN Greening (10). A séedling of Oldenburg which, on account of its hardiness, pro- ductiveness and the uniformly large size of its fruit is valuable in the northern portions of the apple-growing regions of the country (1, 5,6, 8,9, 10). It is grown as far north as the Red River valley of Minnesota and North Dakota and in other regions where the winters are correspondingly severe. It is attractive in color fora green apple, has a sprightly subacid flavor and good texture and is very good in quality for culinary use. The tree is a somewhat stronger grower than Oldenburg, with limbs strongly shouldered (2,9, 10). As grown at this Station it comes into bearing mod- erately young and is an annual cropper, yielding moderate to full crops. It is worthy of trial in the colder regions of the state. PATTEN THE Apples OF NEw York. 159 Historical. Originated by C. G. Patten, Charles City, Ia. (2), who: states that it is a seedling of the Oldenburg from seed grown near Portage, Wis., and planted by him at Charles City, Ia., in the fall of 1869. It was first illustrated and described in the catalogue of the originator in the autumn of 1885 when stock of this variety was first offered for sale. In 1899 it was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society as a valuable variety for the Upper Mississippi valley (6). It has as yet been but little disseminated in New York. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with moderately long, somewhat stout, curved, drooping branches. Form spreading, dense, flat. Twigs rather short, some- what curved, moderately stout or rather slender; internodes medium to long. Bark brownish-red with some olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, roundish, sometimes raised. Buds medium size, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent. FRuITt, Fruit medium to large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form oblate or roundish oblate, sometimes inclined to conic, usually regular, pretty symmetrical. Stem very short to medium in length, moderately thick. Cavity acuminate, deep or sometimes medium in depth, rather broad or compressed, russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx large or very large, closed or somewhat open. Basin deep to medium in depth, medium in width, often abrupt, usually smooth and symmetrical. Skin moderately thin, tough, smooth, clear pale greenish-yellow, some- times blushed and occasionally faintly striped. Dots small, numerous, pale and submerged or brownish. Calyx tube conical to funnel-shape. Stamens median to basal. Core below medium to small, axile or somewhat abaxile; cells sometimes unsymmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Curpels roundish, irregular. Seeds dark brown, medium or above, plump, obtuse. Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately firm, a little coarse, rather tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, good in quality especially for culinary purposes. Season October to January. PEACH (J/ONTREAL). REFERENCES. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:7. 2. Raynes, Ib., 1879 :26. Beau ida wort SOG. epi wt880;524. 4A. lyon, Mache Elort: Soc. Rpt. 1881 :178. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1883:12. 6. Thomas, 1885:520. 7. Mon- Mediate! OLA SOGs pty Oos)-00!) 60) stSS0267-02) Oo. burnet, Can. Elort,, i23398 ) VOoo: 10. blamuilton), Montreal Hon, Soc. Rpt, 15:26, 1800. ii. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892):240.. 12. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 18037133. 13. Hoskins, Am. Gard., 15:272. 1894. 14. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:82. 1902. 15. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :147. Synonyms. Canada Peach (14). Montreal Peach (3, 14). Pracu (3, 11, 14). PracH AppLe of Montreal (13). Pracu or Montreat (1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9). Pracu of Montreal (2, to, 12, 15). Pomme Peche (1). 160 THE APPLES OF NEw York. Fruit predominantly yellow with some red; in form it somewhat re- sembles Porter being oval or conical. It is salable in local markets but being easily bruised it does not stand transportation well (2, 3, 6, 13). The tree is hardy, thrifty and very productive. According to Hoskins it is a very popular fall apple all through Northern New England and Eastern Canada. it has long been the leading market apple of its season, September, in Montreal and the surrounding territory on both sides of the line. Its season does not extend far into October except by extra care but it forms a very good successor to the Yellow Transparent which it resembles except for its blushed cheek (13). This variety is but little known in New York. It cannot be expected to displace Oldenburg which is of the same season, more productive (10) and much better known. Historical. Some writers state that this is a variety of French origin (1) but Hoskins considers this doubtful. He states: “Some of its characters would indicate it to be a Russian apple which has reached Canada via France, but this is only a conjecture” (13). PEACH, POND: REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1845:91. 2. Thomas, 1849:145. fig. 3. Em- mons, Nat. Hist. N. VY. 3:30. 1851. “4. Elliott, 1854151) epee 1857 :68. 6. Warder, 1867:476. fig. 7. Am. Pom. Socs Oat, toymecmeee Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 9g. Bailey, An. Hort, 1892-246. to. Burrill and McCluer, Jill. Sta. Bul., 45:335. 1806. SyNoNyMS. PrEAcH Ponp (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9). PEACH-PoNnp SWEET (1, 2). Peacu Pounp SweEeEtT (10). A beautiful autumn sweet apple of excellent quality in season from Sep- tember to November. The tree is vigorous and spreading. It originated in Dutchéss; county, N. Y.-(1).- It.was entered in the Catalostemomemte American Pomological Society in 1871 and dropped in 1899. Although it has long been in cultivation it has failed ta establish itself as a commercial variety in New York and is comparatively little grown for home use. Deg “(Ce ©). Fruit medium to small. Form slightly conic, rather flat, angular and a little one-sided. Stem medium to long, slender, green, sometimes knobbed. Cavity acute, deep, regular, brown. Calyx small, closed. Basim narrow, regular, wrinkled. Skin smooth, pale yellow lightly covered with mixed striped red and beautifully splashed with crimson. Flesh yellowish, very mellow, fine-grained, moderately juicy, rich, sweet, agreeable, very good or almost best. Season September to November. PEASE WALTER F | at es SS PS E THE AppLes OF NEw York. 161 PEARSALL. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1869:300. 2. Thomas, 1875:508. SYNONYMS. PEARSALL’S SWEET (I, 2). This variety is supposed to have originated in Queens county, N. Y. Ac- cording to Downing the fruit is a good keeper and valuable for baking. The tree upright spreading, quite productive. Fruit rather large, yellow, partly covered with light red. Flesh moderately juicy, sweet, good. Season Novem- ber to January (1). PEASE. REFERENCES. I. Rural N. Y., 54:776. 1805. fig. 2. Heiges, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1895:36. 3. Rural N. Y., 56:222. 18907. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899: Mpeeeeenural N. Y., 64:249. 10902, 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903:147. 7. J. W. Adams and Co., Springfield, Mass., Cat. SyNoNYMS. PEASE, Walter (4, 6). WALTER PEASE (I, 2, 3, 5, 7). A pleasant-flavored apple of good size, attractive appearance and excellent dessert quality, but too mild in flavor to excel for culinary uses. The fruit being rather tender requires careful handling and on this account is better adapted for local than for distant markets. It is worthy of the attention of New York fruit growers where a dessert apple of ‘nis type is desired. The crop ripens unevenly. The earliest fruit comes in season the latter part of September or early in October, while a considerable portion oi the later ripening fruit may remain sound till midwinter or later. Sometimes there is considerable loss from premature dropping of the fruit during September wind storms. The tree is a good grower, hardy, comes into bearing moderately young and is a pretty reliable cropper, elternating light with heavier crops. Historical. Originated in the seedling orchard of Walter Pease, Somers, Conn., in the early part of the last century (3). It was at first propagated by the Shakers near the place of its origin and there came to be recognized locally as a valuable variety. Wuthin recent years it has been propagated to a considerable extent by nurserymen and is being more widely dissemi- nated. TREE. Tree rather large, moderately vigorous to vigorous. Form upright to roundish. Twigs moderately long, a little curved, stout; internodes medium to short. Bark clear brownish-red, heavily coated with scarf-skin; pubes- cent. Lenticels scattering, below medium to above medium, roundish, slightly 162 THE APPLES OF NEW York. raised. Buds below medium to above, broad, plump, rather obtuse, free or nearly so, slightly pubescent. FRvIrt. Fruit large or above medium, somewhat variable in size and shape. Form flattened at base, varying from oblate to roundish oblong and often inclined to conic; sides often unequal. Stem below medium to long, slender. Cavity obtuse to acute, moderately deep to deep, broad, sometimes lipped, often somewhat russeted. Calyx usually medium to large, closed or nearly so; lobes leafy. Basin moderately deep or sometimes shallow, rather narrow, abrupt, often compressed or furrowed, wrinkled. Skin thin, tough, smooth, somewhat glossy, with pale green or yellowish ground color which in highly colored specimens is largely covered with bright red, striped with bright carmine and flecked with whitish scarf-skin. Dots numerous, often submerged, whitish or -russet, sometimes areolar. Prevailing effect greenish-yellow more or less striped with red. Calyx tube small, conical. Core small to medium, axile; cells partly open or sometimes closed; core lines meeting. Carpels smail, roundish, somewhat tufted. Seeds rather large, narrow, long, somewhat tufted, dark; often some are abortive. Flesh whitish, slightly tinged with yellow, firm, rather fine, crisp, tender, juicy, aromatic, sprightly, mild pleasant subacid, good to very good for dessert. Season October to midwinter. PEASGOOD NONSUCH. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1881:100 app. 2. Hogg, 1884:170. 3. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246. 4. Can. Hort., 15:346. 1892. 5. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898 :356. Synonyms. Perascoop’s NoNESUCH (1, 2, 5). PEAscoop NonsucH (3, 4). An English culinary apple, very large, green or yellowish, blushed and striped with red, excellent for culinary use. In season during September and October (1). In England it is regarded as one of the valuable varieties introduced in the last fifty years (2, 5). It has been but little tested in this country. PERRY REDSTREAK, REFERENCES. I. Horticulturist, 24:157. 1869. 2. Downing, 1876:63 app. 3. Ragans Uc Ss > sie 50)-230:8) OOS: Synonyms. Perry REDSTREAK (3). Perry Rep STREAK (1, 2). Perry Red Streak (3). A November apple of medium size and mild flavor. It originated at Low- ville, N. Y., with Dr. David Perry (1). The tree is hardy, vigorous and a reliable cropper alternating heavy with lighter crops. The fruit is of me- dium size, yellow, shaded, striped and splashed with light and dark red; flesh whitish, fine, tender, juicy, slightly aromatic, mild subacid (2). This variety is unknown to us and we have received no report concerning it from any of our correspondents. THE APppLes OF NEW York. 163 PETER, REFERENCES. 1. Jowa Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886:180. 2. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 7:50, 90. 1888. 3. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246. 4. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:601. 1803. 5. Heiges, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1895:31. 6. Munson, Me. Sip 1860-75. 7 Beach, W. N.Y. Hort. Soc. Kpt., 41:52. 1806. 8. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:19. 9. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:84. 1902. to. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:84, 95. I902. 11. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:46. 1903. 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903:149. 13. Powell and Fulton, See ener). Buby 48-52.. 1903: 4. Beach and Clark, N.Y. Sia. Bul., 248 :137. 1904. Synonyms. None. This fruit resembles its parent Wealthy so closely that it is very difficult to distinguish between the two. It is similar to Wealthy in season as well as in the appearance and quality of the fruit. In ordinary storage its com- mercial season is September and October (14). In cold storage it extends to about January I (13). Sometimes a portion of the fruit may keep into or through the winter (14). Hansen states that even if really distinct the two varieties are now mixed to a considerable extent. As fruited at this Station the flesh of Peter is not so white as that of Wealthy but some- what milder and better in quality (4). It has been found that the seeds of Peter are larger, broader, less pointed and a little darker than those of Wealthy. The tree is a moderate grower, comes into bearing young and yields full crops biennially. The fruit does not ripen uniformly and on this account there is apt to be some loss from drops unless more than one picking is made. Historical. Originated from seed of Wealthy by Peter M. Gideon, Excel- sior, Minn. (1), from whom this variety was received in 1888 for testing at this Station. TREE. Tree a fairly strong grower in the nursery; in the orchard it makes a moderately vigorous growth and eventually becomes rather large with moderately stout, somewhat drooping branches. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. wigs short, straight, slender, with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark brown tinged with red, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. JLenticels quite numerous, medium size, oval, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit medium or above, uniform in size and shape. Form oblate or round- ish oblate, a little inclined to conic, regular. Stem long to medium, some- times short, slender. Cavity acuminate, deep, medium to rather broad, com- pressed, lightly russeted or nearly smooth. Calyx small, closed; lobes me- dium in length, rather broad, acute. Basin deep to moderately deep, narrow to medium in width, abrupt, gently furrowed, sometimes compressed. Skin thin, moderately tough, nearly smooth, clear pale yellow washed and mottled with bright red conspicuously striped and splashed with deep car- mine. Highly colored specimens are nearly covered with deep red. Dots 164 THE Apples OF NEW York. medium size, scattering, brown, mingled with some that are whitish and submerged. Prevailing effect red or striped red. Calyx tube small, funnel-shape. Stamens median to marginal. Core medium to below, usually axile; cells symmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels reundish, emarginate. Seeds above me- dium to large, moderately wide, long, flat, moderately acute. Flesh slightly tinged with yellow, sometimes stained with red, firm, me- dium-grained, tender, juicy, with a pleasant, mild subacid, somewhat aro- matic flavor, good to very good. Season September and October or later (14). PLUMB CIDER; REFERENCES. I. Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1869 (cited by 2). 2. Horticul- turist, 27:310. 1872. 3. Ib., 28:119. 1873. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 5. Williams, Horticulturist, 29:16. 1874. fig. 6. Downing, 1876:65 app. 7. Budd, Ja. Hort. Soc: Rpt., 1879:472. 8. Barty, 18832252... eas 1885:520. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246. 11. Rural N. Y., 53:704. 1804. 12, Alwood, Va. Sta. Bul., 130:124. loot. 13. Hansen) SS; 9) Si@ssuiago- 35. I902. fig. 14.-Budd-Hansen, 1903:151. fig. 15. Beachvand) @lackeaiee- Sia Buly 248-138: 10904: SYNONYMS. PLuMmp CIDER (1, 2, 3,.4; 5, 6, 7, 8, 0; 12) t3) ee ee (Sissi (Giey Ii). This variety has been received with some favor in many parts of the country on account of its hardiness and productiveness. The fruit is of good medium size, fairly attractive in color, yellowish shaded and splashed with red. As grown in New York state it is inferior to standard varieties of its season. Historical. Origin unknown. It was brought from Ohio in 1844 to Wis- consin by Mr. Plumb, where it proved to be a good grower, hardy and pro- ductive (5). RU Ghs hea) Fruit above medium. Form round-ovate, slightly conic in some specimens. Stem stout, short. Cavity shallow, narrow. Calyx very small, closed. Basin very narrow and shallow, slightly plaited. Skin yellowish shaded with pale red and somewhat striped with brighter red. Dots few, fine, gray. Calyx tube long, very narrow, funnel-form. Stamens extremely marginal touching the segments, a marked characteristic. Core little above medium; cells open; core lines clasping. Carpels cordate. Seeds pale brown, short, plump, pointed: Flesh of a greenish cast, firm, fine, breaking, juicy, brisk subacid, good. Season October to January. POMONA. REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1869:135. 2. Leroy, 1873:248. fig. 3. Hogg, 1884:55. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:237. 5. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13: 579. 1804. 6. 1b:, Gard. and For., 8-428; 1805. 7 Jb, Can aoneeeor POMONA (Reduccd Size) Mek wn Paitin Ce THE APPLES OF NEw York. 165 HoomneO7, So. bunyard, Jour, Roy ior, Soc. 1898350, 9. Beach and Claw 4. Sia: Bul: 248-130) 19004! SYNONYMS. Cox’s PomMoNA (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Cox’s Pomona (9). Dean’s Codlin (2). Pomona (9). Fruit frequently large and when highly colored rather attractive, being mottled and striped with crimson over a clear pale yellow ground color. The fruit is not very uniform in size, often unsym- metrical, tender, easily bruised and not a very good keeper. In crdinary storage its commercial limit is October (9). The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing young and is an annual cropper, or nearly so, but only moderately productive. It is not recom- mended for commercial planting in New York. Historical. Originated by Mr. Cox, Colnbrook Lawn near Slough, Bucks, England, who also originated Cox Orange (3). TREE, Tree medium size, moderately vigorous with branches moderately stout, spreading and often drooping. Form roundish. Twigs straight, stocky, long; internodes medium. Bark rather bright reddish-brown mingled with olive- green, thinly overlaid with narrow streaks of gray scarf-skin. Lenticels rather numerous, conspicuous, medium to sometimes large, roundish or sometimes elongated. Buds medium to large, broad, obtuse, appressed, some- what pubescent. Leaves rather large, broad, dark green; base of petioles red. FRuIrt. Fruit medium to very large, fairly uniform in size but not in shape. Form oblate conic, very irregular, ribbed; sides usually unequal. Stem usually short, moderately thick. Cavity large, acuminate to acute, deep, broad, rather symmetrical or sometimes compressed, irregularly russeted. Calyx medium size, open or nearly closed; lobes separated at base, short, rather broad, obtuse to acute, reflexed. Basin deep, medium in width to rather wide, abrupt, smooth or ridged, slightly wrinkled. Skin thin, rather tender, waxy, smooth, greenish-yellow or pale yellow partly blushed with crimson, and mottled and narrowly striped with car- mine. Dots scattering, small, inconspicuous, usually whitish and submerged, sometimes gray or russet. Calyx tube wide, conical, sometimes extending to the core. Stamens me- dian to nearly marginal. Core medium to small, somewhat abaxile; cells open or closed, symmetri- cal; core lines clasping. Carpels ovate to broadly roundish or elliptical, emarginate. Seeds medium to small, wide, short, very plump, flat, obtuse, dark brown. Flesh whitish, not very firm, rather fine, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, sprightly, good to very good for culinary use. Season September and October. 166 THE APPLES OF NEW York. PORTER, REFERENCES. I. Kenrick, 1832:27. 2. Mag. Hort., 1:363. 1835. 3. Man- ning, 1838:51. 4 Ib., Mag. Hort., 7:48. 1841. 5. Downing, 1845:92. fig. 6. Floy-Lindley, 1846:411 app. 7. Horticulturist, 1:196, 256. 1846. 8. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:116. 1848. fig. 9g. Cole, 184y:107. fig. 10. Thomas, 1849:157. fig. 11. Waring, 1851:28. 12. Barry, 1851:285. 13. Emmons, Nat. Hist: N.-Y., 3:37.. 1851.. ‘col. pl. No. 27 and igs 2, beget 1851. col. pl. and fig. 15. Horticulturist, 7:217. 1852. 16. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 17. Elliott, 1854:98. 18. Hooper, 1857:71. 19. Gregg, 1857 :47. fig. 20. Warder, 1867:673: “fig. 21. Fitz, 1872-753; 162.5 (22) erage ae 580. fig. 23. Downing, 1881:11, 12 index, app. 24. Kural No Vo wg-7i4 1888. 25. Wickson, 1889:243. 26. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 27. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246.__28. Burrill and McCluer, Jil. Sta. Bul., 45 :336. 1896. 29. Waugh, Vi. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:303. 1901. 30, 0eq— Hansen, 1903:152. fig. Synonyms. Jennings (23). PorTER (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, II, 1, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 290, 30). Yellow Sum- mer Pearmain (23). This fruit is of very fine dessert quality.. It is also highly esteemed for canning and other culinary uses, because when it is cooked it is not only excellent in quality but it retains its form remarkably well. The fruit is yellow, faintly marked with red, decidedly attractive for an apple of its class. It does not stand shipping very well because the skin is rather tender and readily shows marks of handling. Since it is quite variable in its season of ripening there is apt to be considerable loss from dropping unless more than one picking is made. It varies in size from large to small, with a considerable percentage of the crop undersized or otherwise unmarketable. The tree is vigorous, compact, hardy, comes into bearing early and is a pretty reliable biennial cropper. Fifty years ago it was the principal September apple in the Boston market (1; 3, 5, 9, 18,° 19); and m spite of the factwthapiaseaer red it continues to sell well in that market (29). It is also in good demand in many local markets.~ It is desirable for planting for home use or for some local markets, but generally it is not regarded as a profitable commercial variety by New York fruit growers. Historical. Originated about 1800 with Rev. Samuel Porter, Sherburne, Mass. (I, 3, 5, 14), and up to about 1850 its cultivation was confined prin- cipally to the vicinity of its origin. It gradually became very widely known and has become well disseminated in many of the more important apple- growing regions of the country. Old trees of it are occasionally found in New York orchards but it is now seldom planted here. YaLYOd THE APPLES OF NEW York. 167 TREE, Tree medium to large, vigorous. Form roundish or somewhat spreading. Twigs rather slender, very short-jointed, with prominent shoulders (14). Buds medium in size. FRuITt. Fruit small to large, usually rather large. Form oblong inclined to conic, rather truncate at base and with apex oblique and somewhat ribbed. Stem medium to rather short, moderately thick to slender, sometimes knobbed, curved. Cavity acute to acuminate, medium to deep, medium in width to rather narrow, symmetrical or compressed, sometimes lipped, usually faintly russeted. Calyx rather large, closed or partly open; lobes usually separated at base, short, rather narrow, broadly acute. Basin moderately deep to shallow, rather narrow, abrupt, broadly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin moderately thin, smooth, rather glossy, clear bright yellow with a -faint blush, usually rather obscurely striped with darker red marked with scattering red dots. Dots usually medium to very small, often submerged, green with whitish center, sometimes russet. Calyx tube rather short, wide, broadly conical. Stamens median to basal. Core medium to large, axile to somewhat abaxile; cells partly open to wide open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels broadly ovate to elliptical, mucronate. Seeds below medium to rather large, plump, rounded, acute. Flesh yellow, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, agreeably aromatic, sprightly, good to very good for either dessert or culinary uses. Season. It begins to ripen in September and continues in use till Novem- ber or later. EOUND SWEET: REFERENCE. 1. Downing, 1869 :3II. Synonyms. None. This name has been applied to several varieties of large sweet apples. Downing mentions one which is large, roundish conic, greenish-yellow with slight red in sun; flesh yellowish, tender, moderately juicy, sweet; season September and October; and another which is large, roundish, red; flesh whitish, moderately juicy, aromatic, sweet (1). Others*are described by other authors and some which are known locally by this name have perhaps never been described in any publication. The variety most commonly known in Central and Western New York under the name Pound Sweet is large, globular, marbled with yellow and green and streaked with whitish scarf-skin. It is described under its correct name Pumpkin Sweet on page 171. PRIMATE, REFERENCES. I. Cowles, Mag. Hort., 16:450. 1850. fig. 2. Ib., 17:506. Rosle eesn AM: Om: Soe. Car, 1854. 4. Mag. Hort.,-20:241. 1854. 5. BE liott, 1854:153. fg. 6. Mag. Hort., 21:62. 1855. 7. Gregg, 1857:38. 8. Downing, 1857:93. fig. 9. Horticulturist, 14:471. 1859. 10. Mag. Hort., 168 THe Apples oF NEw York. 27:69. 1861. 11. Horticulturist, 17:103, 150. 1862. 12. Mag. Hort., 32:17. 1866. 13. Warder, 1867:643.-fig. 14. Downing, 1869:313. 15. Fitz, i872: 1601. 16. Thomas, 1875:196. 17. Downing, 1881:11, 12 index, app. 18. Barry, 1883 :334.. 19. Rural N. Y., 47:649. 1888. 20. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 21. Blackwell, Rural N. Y., 50:447. 18091. 22. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:247. 23. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53:248. 1804. 24. Can. Hlort., 17:252. 1894. 25. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 8:9. toot. figs. 26. Budd-Hansen, 1903:153. fig. 27. Rural N. Y., 62:740. 10903. Synonyms. Belle Rose (17). Early Baldwin (17). Early Tart Harvest (14). Harvest (2). Highland Pippin (17). July Apple (14). NortH AMERICAN Best (9). North American Best (14). Powers (2, 14). Pri- MATE (2, 3; 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, Il, 12, 13,14, 15, 10; 17) 16.10) 20 amen 24, 25, 26, 27). RoucH anp Reapy (1). Rough and Ready (2, 5, 7, 8, 14). Scott (14). Sour Harvest (9, 14). Zour Bough (o, 14). A dessert apple, pale yellow or whitish, often slightly blushed ; in season in August and September. It is well known throughout the state, but not much grown except for home use. It is com- monly considered the best apple of its season for the home orchard because the tree is a pretty good grower and a reliable cropper, and the fruit ripens in succession during a period of several weeks and is of fine favor and excellent quality particularly for dessert use. Being less attractive than a red apple it is in demand in market only where its fine quality is known. The fruit ripens unevenly and it should be picked from time to time as it matures to prevent loss from the dropping of the fruit. In some localities the tree has proved somewhat tender, not very long-lived and rather susceptible to the attacks of the apple canker, but, generally speaking, as grown throughout Central and Western New York, particularly where it has been topworked upon good thrifty stock, the tree is a pretty good grower, moderately long-lived and reliably productive. Often it yields very heavy crops biennially with lighter crops, or none, on alternate years, but in some localities it is almost an annual bearer. Historical. This variety was disseminated by traveling grafters in Cen- tral and Western New York as much as fifty years ago. In 1850, Charles P. Cowles of Syracuse in a communication to the Magazine of Horticulture stated: ‘As it is not known in this place, nor state, by the best judges, I safely think it is a seedling. I found a few trees in Onondaga county in a town of the same name which had been circulated by grafts but nothing further could be traced of its origin. * * * I propose to call it ‘Rough PRIMATE THE Apples OF NEw York. 169 and Ready’ from the fact of its being first tested during that campaign. * * * Messrs. Downing, Barry and Thomas think it a new variety. * * * Tt is but little known as yet but where it is its qualities are much esteemed” (1). The following year Mr. A. Fahnstock, a nurseryman of Syracuse, showed that this variety had been disseminated in Ontario and Monroe counties as well as in Onondaga county and that it was generally known by the name of Primate. Recently John T. Roberts of Syracuse has taken the trouble to look up the history of this variety and is convinced that the original seedling tree grew in the town of Camillus, Onondaga county, and through his efforts a bronze tablet has been erected to mark the spot. The tablet bears the following inscription: “On this farm Calvin D. Bingham about 1840 produced the marvelous Primate apple, named by Charles P. Cowles. God’s earth is full of love to man” (27). In 1854 it was listed by the American Pomological Society (3) as a valuable variety. It is listed by various nurserymen in the region from the Atlantic to the Middle West but apparently is but little known either in the Southwest or the North- west (22). TREE, Tree below medium to rather large, usually moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading to roundish, rather dense. Twigs short, straight, stout with large terminal buds; internodes short. Bark dull brown mingled with green, heavily streaked with scarf-skin, pubescent and rather rough. Lenti- cels scattering, medium size, oblong, raised. Buds prominent, large, broad, plump, acute, pubescent. FRUvIT. Fruit medium or above, sometimes large. Form roundish conic to oblate conic, often distinctly ribbed. Stem short to medium, thick. Cavity acute, deep, broad, distinctly furrowed. Calyx medium size, closed; lobes long, narrow. Basin moderately shallow to rather deep, medium in width to rather narrow, abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled. Skin thin, moderately tender, smooth, light green, often changing to whit- ish, sometimes with faint yellowish tinge, often slightly blushed but not striped. Dots scattering, numerous, rather small, submerged or russet. Calyx tube rather large, rather long, broadly conical to somewhat funnel- shape. Stamens median. Core medium to large, nearly axile to somewhat abaxile with hollow cylinder in the axis; cells symmetrical, open; core lines clasping. Carpels cordate. Seeds medium to rather large, moderately wide, plump, acute. Flesh whitish, fine, crisp, very tender, juicy, subacid, aromatic, sprightly, very good to best. Season August and September. PROLIFIC SWEETING. REFERENCES. I. Webster, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881:54. 2. Gibb, Ja. THO SOCAN ts, LOS °AZO wm BaD PAM OM OCs pt 1887-405 4, Van Deiian UL SOM CPi Oso len Wen m5 loskinse ieural Nin Yo, 47046: 1888. 6. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 7:91. 1888. 7. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :247. sb Ieee, IN 1%. SiG, Ald, Idle, eA, IO, Oh Wilttinseray WUE Sime ieee 170 THe Apples oF NEw York. 1896:71. ro. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:304. I901. 11. Munson, Me. Sita. Rpt., 1902 :84, 86, 88. 12. Hansen, (S: D) Sta, Bul 76 ce et ooo 13. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :154. Synonyms. No. 351 (3, 4, 12). PLopowirtKA CuapKajaA (1). Plodowitka Cuadkaja (3). PLopowiTKA CAUDKAJA (2). Proiiric Sweet (10). Prolific Sweet (1). PROLIFIC SWEETING (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, II, 12, 13). Prolific Sweet- ing (2). A Russian variety which in size and color resembles Yellow Transparent but in form is roundish oblate and somewhat irregular. It has proved to be a valuable sweet apple for autumn use in Northern New England (5, 11, 12, 13). Worthy of trial in Northern New York when a variety of this class is desired. Historical. Imported from Russia by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1870. It was received for testing at this Station from Dr. T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vt., in 1888 (6). It has thus far been but little disseminated in this state. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs long, curved, stout; internodes short. Bark brown, tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, flat, obtuse, ap- pressed, pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit medium or above. Form roundish oblate, somewhat irregular. Stem medium size. Cavity deep, acute to acuminate, ribbed, russeted and with some outspreading russet rays. Calyx closed. Basin shallow, wide, wrinkled. Flesh white, crisp, fine-grained, mildly sweet, good. Season late August, September and October. PUMPKIN RUSSET., REFERENCES. 1. Kenrick, 1832:37. 2.. Mag. Hort... 1:303) 1635) ge Down ing, 1845:03. 4. Thomas, 1849:146, 5. Cole, 1849-115") 6) Hlliothemeasa: 152. 7. Hooper, 1857:73. 8. Warder, 1867:566. 9. Downing, 1881 :11 index, app. 4o. Batley,An Alort. 1892:247. 11. Powell and: HultonmiGm saecer came Bul., 48°53. 1003. 12. Beach and Clark, N.Y Sia) Bul 24sei2ommioore Synonyms. Flint .Russet (3, 6). Kingsbury. Russet (9). PUMPKIN RuSseET (3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11; 12). Pumpkin Russet (5). PUMPKIN SWEET (5). Pumpkin Sweet (3). PUMPKIN SWEETING (2). PUMPKIN SWEETING of New England (1). Sweet Russet (3, 4,6). York Russet (6). This is a very large, round, yellowish-russet apple, sweet, rich, very good for baking but of little value for other purposes. The tree is a vigorous, rapid grower, hardy, moderately long-lived and yields fair to good crops biennially or in some cases almost annually. It is not a profitable commer- cial variety and is now seldom cultivated even for. home use. Historical. Pumpkin Russet is an old New England variety. Kenrick (1) in 1832 described it under the name Pumpkin Sweeting of New Eng- PUMPKIN RUSSET Breed THE APpPLes OF NEw York. 171 land. In 1849 Cole (5) described it under the name Pumpkin Sweet giving Pumpkin Russet as a synonym. In 1845 it was described by Downing (3) under the name Pumpkin Russet which is the name now generally accepted for it by pomologists. It is still occasionally listed by nurserymen but is now seldom planted in New York. TREE, Tree large, vigorous or very vigorous, at first upright but eventually be- coming roundish or spreading, open; branches long, stout, curved. Twigs short, curved, stout; internodes long. Bark dark reddish-brown tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, oblong, slightly raised. Buds large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit large, fairly uniform in size and shape. Form oblate or somewhat inclined to conic, sometimes irregular, faintly ribbed, often compressed. Stem medium to short, moderately slender to thick. Cavity acute ‘to acuminate, usually deep, moderately broad to rather narrow, nearly smooth, sometimes slightly furrowed. Calyx large, closed or slightly open; lobes long, narrow, acute to acuminate. Basin small to medium, rather shallow to moderately deep, medium in width, somewhat abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin thick, rather tough, greenish or yellowish sometimes with bronze blush on exposed cheek, more or less covered with russet patches or netted veins of russet. Dots large and small, scattering, usually russet, irregular. Calyx tube short, wide, broadly conical to nearly urnshape. Stamens median to basal. Core above medium to below, abaxile; cells usually open, symmetrical but uot uniformly developed; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels broadly ovate, very slightly emarginate, sometimes tufted. Seeds moderately light brown, father large, wide, flat, acute. Flesh greenish-white or yellowish, firm, rather coarse, tender, juicy, sweet, good. Season September and October or in cold storage extending to January I (Gi) PUMPKIN SWEET. REFERENCES. I. N. E. Farmer, 1834 (cited by 20). 2. Downing, 1845 :8o. ie 3. Emmons, Nat. Hast. N. Y., 3:48: 1851. 4. Mag. Hort., 20:241. 1854. 5. Elliott, 1854:152. 6. Hooper, 1857:56. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 8. Horticulturist, 17:150. 1862. 9. Warder, 1867:527. 10. Barry, 1883 :339. fia nomas, 1685-200, 12, Lyon, Mich: Hort, Soc. Rpt., 1890-200. 13. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:247. 14. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893 :133. 15. Mil- ler, Rural N. Y., 53:278. 1894. 16. Taylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1895 :108. 17. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:53. 1903. 18. Budd-Hansen, 1903:155. fig. 19. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:139. 1904. 20. RaganeUa S. &. Pal Bale 56c244. (1905: Synonyms. Lyman’s Large Yellow (20). Lyman’s PuMmMPpxKIN -SWEET (2, 3, 6, 9, 10, 11). Lyman’s Pumpkin Sweet (5, 14, 17, 19, 20). Pound 172 THe Apples oF NEw York. Sweet (9, Il, 12, 14, 17, 18, 19). PUMPKIN Sweer (i, 4) 5,7 o aces 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20). Pumpkin Sweet (10, 11). Pumpkin Sweeting (20). Rhode Island Sweet (20). Round Sweet (20). Sweet Lyman’s Pumpkin (20). Vermont Pumpkin Sweet (10, 20). Vermont Sweet (20). Yankee Apple (5, 20). Fruit large to very large, marbled with light and dark green and streaked over the base with whitish scarf-skin; well colored specimens eventually become quite yellow and sometimes are faintly bronzed on the exposed cheek. It is never marked with red, nor is it russeted except about the cavity. So far as we know all other varieties which have been cultivated under the name Pumpkin Sweet are either russeted or marked with red. . This is the variety generally known in Central and Western New York as Pound Sweet, and it commonly appears under this name in market quotations. By many it is esteemed as one of the best 9seneGdD: Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-7:94. 6. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:239. 7. IE., 1892 :249. 8. Burrill and McCluer, Jil. Ste. Bul. (453321) tee@oneeae eae US. Bs Bid Bul 502107. S19005. el O.0 10s a50e27/5 moO Ose SYNONYMS. FALL STRIPE (3, 7,.3, 9). Fall Stmpe Ga sno) aSnerON (Gt Ay vn) Gy OP uO), Sowniom (2 7% ©). An old New England variety (3). Fruit yellow, shaded and splashed with light and dark red; flesh a little coarse, subacid, good to very good; season September. It was put upon the list of the American Pomological Society in 1871 (2) -and dropped from that list in 1897. It is still listed by some nurserymen (6) but so far as we can learn it is practically unknown among New York fruit growers. SCARLET PIPPIN. REFERENCES, 1. Jones, Ont. Fr. Gr. Assn. An. Rpt. 272133 tags ee eras: Can. Hort.; 19:381. 1806. fig: 3. -[b:, 19:1175 TSQ0n ea eee oner: Gard., 20:27. 18099. figs. 5. Waugh, Vi. Sta. Bul., 83:91. 1900. 6. Miacoun, Can. Dept..Agr. Bul., 37-41. 1901. 7: Abbott; Gan. Horie sees eGoie 8. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :172. SYNONYMS. -CRIMSON BEAUTY (3). Crimson Pippin (2). Crimson Scarlet Pippm (2). Leeds Beauty (4, 5, 6,8). SCARLET PIPeiny Gee e-aeioegeo). An apple of the Fameuse group which quite closely resembles McIntosh (2), but is firmer in flesh and slightly more acid. “A very attractive looking apple said “toy seliiberenuseaan Fameuse, which it does not equal in quality. Tree a strong, upright grower and said to be a heavy bearer” (6): Season about the same as Wealthy or earlier (1). It appears to be worthy of testing in New York especially in those regions of the state where Fameuse and McIntosh succeed best. Historical. Originated about 1860 at Lynn, Leeds county, Ontario, near Brockville, where it has been locally grown for some years (4, 7). Mr. Harold Jones, Maitland, Ont., Experimenter for Ontario for apples in the THE Apples OF NEW York. 197 St. Lawrence river district, has had most to do with bringing this variety to notice as an autumn dessert fruit of value (6), but the report that the variety originated with him is incorrect (7). TREE. Tree vigorous. Form upright. Twigs long, straight, stout; internodes short. Bark dark brown or reddish-brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, pubescent near tips. Lenticels numerous, very conspicuous, medium size, oval, slightly raised. Buds medium size, flat, obtuse, appressed, pubescent. Rua (As 6). Fruit medium size. Form roundish inclined to oblate, regular. Stem short, stout to slender. Cavity acute, shallow to deep, moderately wide to wide, sometimes lipped. Calyx closed or open. Basin narrow, shallow, slightly wrinkled or almost wanting. Core small. Flesh white, firm, crisp, tender, melting, juicy, mild subacid with a pleasant but not high flavor, very good. Season fall and early winter. SCHUYLER SWEET. REFERENCES. 1. Thomas, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1871:49. 2. Rural N. Y., 1871:108. 3. Downing, 1872:31 app. Synonyms. None. This variety is unknown to us. We have received no report concerning it irom any of our correspondents. Thomas gave the following description of it in 1871 (1): “A large, showy apple, ripening in October, originated on the lands of Rensselaer Schuyler, Seneca Falls, N. Y. Tree in vigor and form resembles the Baldwin, and is productive. “Fruit large, roundish, inclining to roundish oblate; pale yellow with a few scattering brown dots; stalk slender, inserted in a large deep cavity; Calyxclosed;, basin large deep, slightly corrugated; flesh whitish, half fine, tender, moderately juicy, pleasant, sweet; quality good to very good; core small.” SCOLLOP GILLIFLOWER. REFERENCES. 1. Kenrick, 1835:73. 2. Elliott, 1854:156. fig. 3. Watts, Horticulturist, 10:98. 1855. 4. Hooper, 1857:83. 5. Warder, 1867:543. 6. Downing, 1869 :348. 7. Downing, dm. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1875:68. 8. Thomas, 18752511. 9. Downing, 1876:60, 70, app. Synonyms. Cornish Gilliower (3). Five-Quartered Gillifower (7. 9). Jellyower (7, 9). Red Gillifower (3, 5, of some 7 and 9). Ribbed Gilli- flower (7, 9). SCALLOPED GILZYFLOWER (1). SCALLOPED GILLIFLOWER (5). SCOLLOP GILLIFLOWER (2,4, 6, 7, 8, ©). SCOLLOPED GILLIFLOWER (3). Scolloped Gillifower (6). An old variety of unknown origin which was formerly grown to some extent in this state but is now practically obsolete. It has sometimes been 198 THE Apples OF NEw York. confounded with the Red Gilliflower of Elliott (2) and sometimes with Striped Gillifower (9). It has been much esteemed in some portions of Ohio (2). Downing describes it as a moderate or poor grower with young shoots much darker colored than those of Striped Gillifower, the tree more spreading and unproductive and the fruit more ribbed, much darker, rather dull red with broader stripes and splashes, with flesh more yellow, mildly subacid, aromatic, richer in quality and a month or more later in ripening than Striped Gilliflower (9). Elliott (2) describes the fruit as “medium to large, roundish conical, fiattened at base, tapering toward the eye, sometimes angular, always much ribbed or scolloped; light yellow, striped and splashed with shades of light and dark red; stem short, slender; cavity deep, russeted, irregular; calyx with long segments; basin abrupt, deep, ribbed; core large, hollow; seeds ovate, rounded; flesh yeliowish, firm, crisp, tender, juicy, slight tinge of sweet. November to February.” SCOTT BEST, REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1869 :340. Synonyms. None. We are unacquainted with this variety and have received no report con- cerning it from any of our correspondents. According to Downing it originated on the farm of Luther Scott, Hinsdale, Cattaraugus county, N. Y. The tree is moderately vigorous, spreading;-the fruit. medium to large, yel- lowish, shaded and mottled with light red, striped and splashed with crimson; flesh whitish, fine, tender, subacid, good to very good. Season November and December (1). SENECA, PAVORIPE: REFERENCES. 1. Mag. Hort., 19:165. 1853. 2. Warder, 1867 :731. Synonyms. None: A large, attractive, pale yellow apple. It resembles Swaar, but is earlier and larger, and its texture is more crisp.1_ It is excellent tor dessert as well as for culinary uses. The crop begins to ripen in early autumn, and continues ripening in succession through a period of several weeks. The later fruit may be kept into early winter or midwinter. The tree is of medium size, vigorous, round- headed. It is a desirable variety for the home orchard. Historical. N. S. Page states? that the original tree of Seneca Favorite grew upon his father’s farm, five miles southwest of Geneva, and was an old tree forty-five years ago. It has been grown to a limited extent as an apple for the home orchard in various localities in Ontario county, particu- 1 Wilson, C. S., Hist. of the Apple in N. Y. State, unpublished thesis Cornell Univ. 1905. 2 Letter, 1905. dyVHS e el Tue Apptes oF New York. 199 larly in the town of Seneca. Downing gives Seneca Favorite as a synonym for Quince’ but the true Seneca Favorite is surely not identical with Quince. It is now seldom propagated. FRUIT. Fruit very large to medium, usually large. Form variable, roundish conic to oblong conic, nearly regular but somewhat ribbed and elliptical; axis sometimes oblique; sides usually unequal. Stem long to medium, moderately slender. Cavity acute, deep, broad, quite strongly furrowed and compressed, usually somewhat russeted. Calyx small to above medium, closed or some- what open; lobes broad, acute to acuminate. Basin very small, shallow or very shallow, narrow, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin rather thick, tough, smooth or slightly roughened by russet dots, at first green but becoming attractive pale yellow often with faint blush which sometimes deepens to a moderately bright rather pinkish-red, not striped. Dots numerous, irregular, large and small, varying from prominent russet to obscure and submerged, often reddish on blushed cheek. Calyx tube funnel-form usually with long, narrow cylinder but sometimes short. Stamens median to basal. Core rather large, somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, closed or some- what open; core lines clasping. Carpels elliptical, emarginate, smooth. Seeds numerous, medium to above, dark brown, plump, obtuse to acute. Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, agree- ably subacid, sprightly, very good. Season fall and early winter to midwinter. SHARP. REBPRENCHS |i. beach, No Vo Sta An, Rpt, tr:602: 1803. 2. Jb., Gard. Ga eFOreNe-425. 1805. 3. Burrill and McCluer, Jil. Sta. Bul, 45 :311. MoQomeAcowell atid) Pulton, Ul Ss. B. P. i. Bul, 48:50, 19003. 5. Beach and Caray Newe) Sia, Bully 248144. 10904. : Synonyms. None. This at its best is an excellent dessert fruit of very attractive appearance and very good quality. It is less suitable for most culinary uses because it is mildly subacid or nearly sweet, and it is not a good market variety because very often it is below medium size and not highly colored. It resembles Maiden Blush somewhat iii shape and color. In this region it comes in season early in October or late in September. In ordinary storage it commonly reaches its commercial limit in November, but sometimes a portion of the fruit keeps till March. The tree is not a strong grower, but it comes into bearing young and yields full crops biennially. 1 Downing, 1872:10 index, app. 200 THe AppLes oF NEw York. It is distinct from both Sharp Greening and Sharp Russet. Buckman believes that it is the same as the Butler or Butler Sweet of Pennsylvania.! Historical. Received irom Benjamin Buckman, Farmingdale, Illinois, in 1889 for testing at this Station. Mr. Buckman obtained his stock from the lilinois Experiment Station. That Station secured the variety from A. N. Lawver, who received it from Halliday and Son, Baltimore, Maryland. TREE. Tree below medium size, a slow grower with short, moderately stout branches. Form upright spreading or roundish, open. Twigs short to below raedium, stout to rather slender, straight; internodes medium. Bark dull brown or brownish-red with some olive-green, streaked with thin scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. JLenticels quite numerous, medium to small, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium size or below medium, prominent, plump, obtuse, free or nearly so, pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit often below medium, sometimes above medium, uniform in shape and size. Form roundish oblate to roundish conic, sometimes approaching oblong conic, regular or very faintly ribbed, symmetrical. Stem often very short and not exserted. Cavity usually rather large, acute to acuminate, moderately deep to deep, moderately wide to wide, sometimes very slightly furrowed and often russeted. Calyx small to medium, closed or partly open; lobes long. Basin moderately shailow to rather deep, moderately wide, abrupt, smooth or sometimes slightly ridged or wrinkled. Skin attractive pale yellow partly covered with a bright blush. Dots minute, pale or brown. Calyx tube funnel-form. Stamens median to basal. Core medium in size, somewhat abaxile; cells open or closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundist or somewhat elliptical, emarginate. Seeds medium or above, moderately long, rather flat, obtuse, dark. Fiesh whitish, moderately firm, fine-grained, tender, crisp, juicy, mild subacid, nearly sweet, very good. Season late September into October. SHERMAN. REFERENCES. 1. Rural N. Y., 1870 (cited by 3). 2. Downing, 1872:31 app. 5. Ragan, U: Si B-:P; 15 Bul.) 56-255) 190s: ; SYNONYMS. SHERMAN (3). SHERMAN’S Favorite (2). Sherman’s Favorite (3). SHERMAN’s SWEET (1). Sherman's Sweet (2, 3). A yellow sweet apple of good medium size and mild, rather rich flavor; in season from November to January (2). Downing states that it origi- nated on the farm of E. C. Sherman, Wyoming, N. Y. We have received no report concerning this variety and find no account of its having been grown outside of the place of its origin. 4 Letter, 1895. SHIAWASSEE THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 201 SHIA W ASSEE, REFERENCES. I. Lyon, Mag. Hort., 26:64. 1860. 2. Hovey, Ib., 27:67. mooie. 635 1b. 2921260: 18603. 4. Warder, 1867:450: fig. -5. Downing, 1869 :351. 6. Mich. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1872:450. fig. 7. Thomas, 1875 :204. Ream com- Soc Cai., 1875:12. 9: lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc.. Rpt., 1881 :220. ME Athyeet Sos 354. Tr. Cook, Rural N. Y., 45:257. 18860. 12. Can. Hort., pee tees. 13. yon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:206. - 14..10., Amer. Cm 2A Toor. 15. Can. Hort, 15:117. 1892. 16. Bailey, An. Hort., nee 240, 17. Miller, Rural N. Y., 53:278. 1804. 18. Hoskins, Amer. Gard., 15:209. 1894. 19 Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1896:72. 20. Burrill and MeCinen i. Sta. Bul. 45-341. 1896.° 21. Van Deman, Rural N. Y., 56:830. £507. 22. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1899:77. 23. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Peso. atoeo,) 2A. Jb. Vt. Sta. An: Rpt, 14:308. 1901. 25. Macoun, Can. Depi. Agr. Bul., 37:41. 1901. 26. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:84, GO, 95. 1902. 27. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:46. 1903. 28. Powell and Haltonmele Ss. 6b. P. I, Biul., 48:50. 1903. 29. Budd-Hansen, 1903:174. 30. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:144. 1904. Synonyms. Michigan Beauty (5). SHIAWASSE (21). SHIAWASSE BEAUTY (7, 5, 20). SHIAWASSEE (14, 26). SHIAWASSEE BEAUTY (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, IO, II, 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 25). SHIAWASSEE Beauty (27). Shiawassee Beauty (23, 24, 28, 20, 30). SHIAWASSIE BEAUTY (15). Fruit of the Fameuse type, of good size, quite attractive appear- ance and pleasant dessert quality. It has a flavor and aroma some- what similar to that of McIntosh. Probably McIntosh would be preferred to Shiawassee by most fruit growers. The fruit of Shiawassee is fair, uniform and hangs pretty well to the tree. It ripens in October, and some portion of the fruit may be held till January. The tree is of uniform size, very hardy, vigorous, up- right spreading, healthy and long-lived. It does not come into bearing very young, and when mature in some cases it is not a reliable cropper, but it is generally reported as yielding good to heavy crops biennially, or sometimes annually. FAlistorical. The original tree was planted as an ungrafted seedling in the orchard of Beebe Truesdell, in Vernon, Shiawassee county, Mich., and came into bearing about 1850 (1). The variety is often listed by nurserymen but is seldom planted in this state. FRUIT. Fruit medium to nearly large, uniform in shape but not in size. Form oblate conic, pretty regular but sometimes elliptical. Stem medium in length, slender to moderately thick. Cavity acute, varying from nearly acuminate to somewhat obtuse, deep, broad, rather symmetrical, sometimes compressed, often with outspreading russet rays. Calyx small to below medium, closed or 202 THE APPLES or NEW York. slightly open; lobes rather short, moderately narrow. Basin rather shallow to moderately deep, rather wide, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, somewhat fur- rowed and wrinkled, often compressed. Skin rather pale yellow, usually entirely overspread with attractive red, irregularly splashed and striped with carmine. Dots small to medium, grayish. Calyx tube medium size, moderately wide, conical to short funnel-shape. Stamens median to nearly basal. Core below medium size, widely abaxile; cells symmetrical, usually open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels cordate to broadly ovate. Seeds rather dark brown, medium size, rather narrow, plump, acute. Flesh white, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, pleasant subacid, aromatic, rather sprightly, good to very good. Season October to January. SINE-QUA-NON, REFERENCES. 1. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 1220. 2. Downing, 1845:760. 3. Thomas, 1849:143. 4. ‘Cole, 1849-10355 95.) \Vianmiometo see! 6. Barry, 1851:281. 7. Elliott, 18542157. 8. Hooper, 1857.c4omGneae 1857:39. 10. Horticulturist, 14:425. 1850. 11. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 12. Warder, 1867:732. 13. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:206. SynonyMs. None. An August apple of good dessert quality, now seldom found in cultiva- tion. It originated on Long Island and was brought to notice by Wm. Prince (2). It was entered on the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in 1862 (11) and dropped from that list in 1871. The tree is a rather slow, crooked grower, in some cases an indifferent bearer (7), in others productive (4, 13). Fruit medium size, roundish ovate, pale greenish- yellow; flesh greenish-white, tender, juicy, mild subacid, sprightly, good; season late August. SLINGERLAND. REFERENCES. I. N. VY. Sta. Agr. Soc. Rpt. 1840):504-0 2). emamonsy evar Hist. N: Y., 3242. 1851.. col. pl. No. 32) 3. Downing, 1857 5lcOmeten enaeG 1867 :732. 5.;Vhomas, 18752512. 96. Lyon, Mich: Hone Sogwicpi ego .200. SYNONYMS. SLINGERLAND (6). SLINGERLAND’S FALL PIPPIN (2). SLINGER- LAND PIPPIN (I, 3, 4, 5)- An excellent flavored apple of the Green Newtown type in season during late fall and early winter. It is not as good a keeper as Green Newtown. Raised from seed of the Newtown about 1830 by a Mr. Slingerland of New Scotland: Albany, county, INE. G2)? IDR (Cit, BB). Fruit medium to large. Form roundish, often oblique. Stem exserted but short. Skin yellow splashed with reddish-orange over the base. Dots minute. Calyx small to medium, partly closed. Core small. Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, firm, tender, juicy, brisk, rather rich subacid, good to very good. Season December to February or later. SOPS OF WINE “e THE APPLES OF NEw York. 203 SOMERSET (N. Y.). REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1869:356. 2. Downing, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 7 :303. KoZOmsewAnn. Lom. Soc Cat. 1877:14. 4. Myon, Mich,’ Hort: Soc. Kpi., 1881 :318. 5. Hoag, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:28. 6. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bul., F2Q-AOMAGH SOO, 7. Mich. Sta. Bul, w52:222, 226, 1808. Synonyms. None. An early apple of high sprightly flavor. A fine family fruit. The tree is an unusually early bearer, upright spreading, vigorous and productive. Season late August to October (4, 6, 7). There is a distinct variety of Maine origin which is also called Somerset. Historical. Brought to notice by C. L. Hoag, Lockport, N. Y. Origin un- known but supposed to be Somerset, Niagara county, N. Y. (2). This variety appears to have been but sparingly disseminated. RUIN (2ees))e Fruit below medium. Form like Black Gilliflower, roundish conical. Skin deep golden-yellow to whitish-yellow with sometimes a few nettings of russet and sparsely sprinkled with brown dots. Flesh quite white, tender, juicy, with a rich aromatic flavor; quality very good or best. SOPS OF WINE. PRERENGHS ssi. Ray, LOSS: No. 21. 2: Knoop, 8:45. 1758: 3. * Kenrick, 1832:28. 4. /b., 1835:98. 5. Floy-Lindley, 1833:25. 6. Downing, 1845:77. TCO mrSAO Os. 6. Lhomas, 1849-141. 9, Emmons, Nat. Hist, N. Y., Boece Ogle 10; batty, TS5122o2) 11. Elovey, Mag. Hort., 183545. 1852. i? Pe OviOt TS 54a057.0 603. Gregg, 1857-30. 14. Hooper, 1857:85. . 15; Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 16. Warder, 1867:615. fig. 17. Downing, 1869: Zo OmmISOTMENINUTIST, 27.5300) 1872. Wg. 10. Fitz, 1872;121, 174. 20. Downing, 1872:10 index, app. 21. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rft., 1879:22. 22 Downe, 186r-li imdex, app. 23. [b:, 1881 :12 index, app. 24. Hogg, MOG noes loskins, amal No» Yo "47 602. 1888. ‘fges. 26. Lyon, Mach. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 27. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:249. 28. Hoskins, imine YarnNSae245.) 1604.) 20. Burrill and Mc@luer, Ml, Stas Bul. 45 :325. ROOOMmEZOMVViaucin i Sta. An. Ip, 143300, Tool. 31. Budd-Hlansen, EQO2:177. He: Synonyms. Bell’s Early? (17). Bell’s Favorite (20). Bennington (17, 18). Dodge's Early Red (17). Early Washington (22). Hominy (17, 19). Horning (29). Pie Apple (10). Red Shropsavine? (17). Rove Wyn APPEL (2). Rode Wyn Appel (5, 6,9). SAPSoN (3). Sapson (6, 9, 11, 12, 18). Sapsonvine (3). Shropshirevine (23). Sops IN WINE (1, 24). Sops Mien Cs ION.) Il 12) 1S) | SOPS OMI VVIINE, (4, 15,.6;°7,.8, ©, 10) 11, 12, 13, 14, NPLOM IY Aelos 1O4 20) 2h) 22) 225125,.201 27,125, 20,130,131). Siops of Wine (24). Strawberry (30). Warden's Pie Apple (17, 18). Washington (17, 18). A dark crimson apple; flesh fine, stained with red; in season in August and September. The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing rather young and is a biennial or nearly annual cropper. Of little value except as a dessert apple for family use. 204 THe Apples oF New York. Historical. “ A very ancient English culinary and cider apple” (24). It is frequently listed by nurserymen but is now seldom planted in New York being superseded by other better varieties. TREE. Tree medium to large, moderately vigorous to vigorous. Form upright or inclined to roundish, rather dense. Twigs short to rather long, curved, moderately stout; internodes short. Bark dark brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; heavily pubescent. Lenticels very scattering, small, oblong, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, obtuse, free, pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit medium to sometimes large, uniform in shape but not in size. Form roundish to roundish conic, slightly ribbed; sides unequal. Stem short to rather long, moderately slender. Cavity acute, moderately deep, medium or sometimes narrow, sometimes slightly furrowed, sometimes with thin, radiat- ing russet rays. Calyx medium to rather small, closed or slightly open; lobes rather short. Basin shallow, narrow, furrowed, somewhat wrinkled. Skin moderately thin, moderately tender, slightly roughened, greenish- yellow almost entirely overspread with purplish-red, mottled, irregularly splashed and sometimes indistinctly striped with dark carmine, overspread with thin white bloom. Dots small, few, light russet or yellow. Calyx tube short, wide, cone-shape. Stamens marginal to median. Core medium size, somewhat abaxile; cells usually symmetrical but not uniformly developed, open to nearly closed; core lines meeting. Carpels broad ovate, rather concave, mucronate, tufted. Seeds rather large or me- dium size, moderately wide, plump, obtuse. Flesh yellowish often stained with pink, soft, fine, juicy, aromatic, mild, pleasant, subacid, good. Season August to October. SOUR BOUGH. REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1869 :357. Synonyms. None. This is an old Westchester county variety which, according to Downing, is of medium size, roundish conic, yellow with whitish, brisk subacid flesh, good for cooking. Season, September. “ Often Ga): The name Sour Bough has also been applied sometimes to the ’ knotty and unprofitable ’ Champlain; see page 305 and -alsolto the Bilanamiseneddemse: page 220. SPECTATOR, REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1869 :357. Synonyms. None. SOUR BOUGH THE AppLes oF NEW York. 205 Originated with J. W. Bailey, Plattsburg, N. Y. According to Down- ing (1) this is an apple of medium size, ribbed, yellow, shaded with red in the sun; flesh white, subacid, hardly good; season September. The variety is unknown to us. STARKEY. REFERENCES. I. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1875:65. 2. Downing, 1876:69 app. 3. Thomas, 1885:524. 4. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:133. 5. Am. Pom Soc. Cat., 1897:14. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :179. Synonyms. None. Fruit of good size, fair, well colored, largely striped and splashed with red, pleasant subacid, excellent for dessert or culinary. use. Season, October to midwinter. In Maine, where it originated, it is said to be popular in market. It has not been sufficiently tested to determine its value for this state, but it appears to be worthy of testing. Tree a hardy and vigorous grower in the nursery, becom- ing rather large and spreading in the orchard; comes into bearing rather young and is a good biennial cropper. Historical. Originated on the farm of Moses Starkey, North Vassalboro, Kennebec county, Me. i ‘ TREE. Tree medium to rather large, moderately vigorous to vigorous with long, moderately stout, curved branches. Form spreading or roundish, open. Twigs medium to long, stout, geniculate, often irregularly crooked; inter- nodes long to below medium. Bark brownish-red mingled sometimes with olive-green, irregularly mottled with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Len- ticels scattering, inconspicuous, medium size or below, round, raised. Buds medium to large, prominent, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent. FRuIT. Fruit medium to rather large Form oblate or oblate conical, regular or faintly ribbed, symmetrical. Stem medium length. Cavity medium size, rather shallow, partly covered with greenish russet. Calyx large, closed or nearly so. Basin medium size, shallow, somewhat wrinkled. Skin pale yellow, washed or deeply blushed with lively red, splashed and striped with carmine. Dots pale gray or russet. Prevailing effect red. Calyx tube conical or somewhat funnel-form. Core rather small. Flesh whitish, firm, rather fine, juicy, crisp, pleasant, lively subacid, be- coming mild subacid, very good. Season October to January. 206 THE APPLES OF NEW York. STARR. REFERENCES. I. Downing, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 6:347. 1869. fig. 2. Down- ing, 1869:360. 3. Thomas, 1875:512. 4. Hexamer, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1895:70. 5. Rural N. V.,.54:587.. 1805. 6. Patry, Wan Pama eeu 1896. Synonyms. None. 3 Fruit large, very attractive for a green or yellowish apple, and very good in quality, especially for dessert use. Season, August and September. The tree is a pretty good grower, comes into bearing young and as tested at this Station gives promise of being an annual bearer. ‘Starr appears to be worthy of testing where a fruit of this type is desired. Historical. The original tree was found on the grounds of Judge J. M. White, Woodbury, N. J., which property afterward came into the possession of Mrs. Starr. The propagation of the variety was begun by Wm. Parry in 1865 under the name of Starr (6). So far as we can learn it has been but little pianted in New York. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with short, moderately stout, curved branches. Form upright spreading or roundish, rather dense. Twigs long, curved, stout with large terminal buds; internodes long. Bark brownish-red, tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, round, not raised. Buds prominent, large, long, broad, plump, acute, free, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit very large to large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form dis- tinctly oblate to roundish oblate, regular or faintly ribbed. Stem short to medium, moderately thick, sometimes swollen. Cavity acute, varying from a little obtuse to somewhat acuminate, shallow to medium, broad, smooth or gently furrowed. Calyx medium size, closed, lobes long to medium, rather narrow, acuminate. Basin medium in depth, narrow, abrupt, some- what furrowed. Skin rather thick, tough, nearly smooth, green becoming yellowish-green, sometimes with indications of a faint blush. Dots numerous, small and large, pale or russet. Calyx tube long, very wide to moderately wide, conical to cylindrical and large, extending to the core. Stamens nearly marginal. Core medium to rather large, abaxile to nearly axile; cells closed or slightly open; core lines clasping. Carpels obovate, sometimes tufted. Seeds dark brown, medium to large, rather wide, plump, acute to nearly acuminate. Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately fine, very tender, crisp, very juicy, sprightly subacid, aromatic, very good. Season August and September. THE APPLES OF NEW York. 207 STILLMAN EARLY. INEEERENCES! 2 1.) Downing, 18573103, 2, “homas) 18752512. 3. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890 :2098. SYNONYMS. STILLMAN (3) . STILLMAN’S Earty (1, 2). This variety originated in Clinton, Oneida county, N. Y. Downing (1) states that the tree is a moderate grower and productive; the fruit small, yel- low, sometimes slightly blushed; flesh pleasant subacid, good; season late July and early August. We are unacquainted with this variety and have re- ceived no report concerning it from any of our correspondents. STRAWBERRY. This name has been applied to a great many different varieties of the apple. Those mentioned in this volume are listed below: Autumn Strawberry, see Late Strawberry. Chenango Straw- Remajeesee Clicnaneo, Early Strawberry. Fall Strawberry, see Paircwotmawiberty. late Strawberry. Sv. Johns Strawberry, see Early Strawberry. Strawberry, see Chenango, Early Strawberry, Late Strawberry and Richard Graft. Washington Strawberry. STRIPED GILLIFLOWER. REFERENCES. I. Warder, 1867:696. fig. 2. Downing, 1876:69 app. 3. baleyweai Orin, 1692-250. 4. Burrill and’ MecCluer, Ml Sta. Bul., 45-342. 7896. 5. Thomas, 1897:654. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :181. SynonyMS. Red Guilliflower (2). Scollop Giulliflower, incorrectly (2). Striped Bellflower (2). StripeD GILLIFLOWER (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). This variety appears to be practically obsolete in New York. The tree is a vigorous grower and generally productive (2). InRuie (it, 2, )). Fruit large to very large. Form variable roundish conic to oblong conic, often furrowed, angular, but less ribbed than Scollop Gilliflower. Stem short, curved. Cavity acute, deep, wide, furrowed, brown or russeted. Calyx large, closed or partly open; lobes erect. Basin shallow, abrupt. Skin yellowish-white or greenish, partly covered with dull red, striped and splashed with carmine. Dots few, indistinct, gray or white. Calyx tube cone-shape. Stamens median. Core sessile, abaxile, large; cells wide open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels tufted. Seeds few, small, roundish, plump, obtuse, black. Flesh yellowish-white, breaking, juicy, briskly subacid, fair to good. Season September. 208 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. SEROAWT REFERENCES. 1. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:476. 2. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 1256. 3. Kenrick, 1832:30. “4. Dowmine, 16451-0780 e5- Horticulturist, 2:545. 1848. 6. Thomas, 1849:158. 7. Emmons, Nat. Hist. IN Y., 3:38. 1851. 8, Biliott, 1854-158.) 19.) blooper sre 5777 SYNONYMS. STRAAT (2, 3). Sivaat. (4, 8,0). STROATNGR hes OaeeS ae: Stroat was formerly much esteemed among the descendants of the Dutch settlers on the North river (4). The fruit is described as above medium, roundish inclined to conic, yellowish-green; flesh yellow, very tender, rich, brisk subacid, good to very good; season September to November or De- cember (4, 6, 8). We have not seen this fruit nor has it been mentioned by any of our cor- respondents. STRODE BIRMINGHAM, REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1857:193. 2. Warder, 1867:733. 3. Pa. Sta. Hort. Assn. Rpt., 1886:50. 4. Powell and Fulton, Uj SS, 2253 pesmi Asse 1903. 5. Beach and Clark, IN. Yo Sia bul e278 ee SYNONYMS. Dumpling (3). STrRopE (4, 5). Strode’s (1). STRODES BIRMINGHAM (I, 2, 3). Strode’s Birmingham (4, 5). A medium-sized yellow apple of mild subacid flavor and good quality. Commercial limit September. For home use it is in season in September and October and a few specimens may be kept till January (5). It is reported as a desirable variety for market and general purposes in Pennsyl- vania (3). The tree comes into bearing rather young and is productive yielding moderate to good crops nearly annually. As compared with stand- ard varieties of its season it does not appear to be worthy of the atten- tion of New York fruit growers. FRUIT. Fruit of medium size; uniform in size and shape. Form roundish conic or inclined to oblong, regular or faintly ribbed; sides unequal. Stem long, slender. Cavity acute to almost acuminate, usually rather deep, medium in width, symmetrical, russeted. Calyx medium to small, closed or partly open; lobes medium in length and width, acute, reflexed. Basin shallow, narrow to medium in width, obtuse, furrowed and wrinkled. Skin thin, tender, smooth, clear yellow or greenish, often with faint blush and marked with russet flecks. Dots scattering, very minute, submerged, inconspicuous, red or russet. Calyx tube short, wide, urn-shape to broadly conical. Stamens nearly basal. Core medium to small, axile; cells almost closed; core lines meeting. Carpels broadly ovate to oblong narrowing toward either end, deeply emar- ginate. Seeds dark dull brown, medium to large, wide, plump, broadly acute, tufted. dANLS SS THE Apples OF NEw York. 209 Flesh yellowish, rather firm, fine, rather crisp, tender, juicy, brisk subacid becoming mild and pleasant when fully mature, good to very good. Season September to early winter. STUMP. EEERENCESS 1. Downing, £86rl-1lo app, we. 2.) Barry, 1883:341. 3: iiontas2685:525. 4. ha. Sta. Hort. Assn. Kpt:, 1885-25. 5. Can. Hort., BECowetceo. 6. ieural Ni. V.,9A7':602. 1888. hes. “7. Batley, An. Hort., megeee25oumG. Va) Sia, An, Rpt, 14:255. 1805. 9. Beach, Gard. and. For., Seetoos5, 10; Kan. Sta. Bul, 100:55. roo2) 11. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:145. 1904. Synonyms. None. This very beautiful apple resembles Chenango in form, size and general appearance. In Western New York it is by some con- sidered a good variety for commercial planting, but others find diffi- culty in marketing it with profit, since it is esteemed chiefly for dessert purposes and ripens at a season when there is compara- tively little demand for apples, and shows bruises so readily that it is not well adapted for barrelling. It may be marketed in local markets or shipped in small packages. The crop ripens uneven'y, and on this account should have more than one picking in order to SecmicmEem Emit im pritae condition. It begins to ripen in late August or early September. Its commercial limit is September or early October, but its season for home use extends to Novem- ber (11). The trees are upright, compact and stocky, so that they may stand cioser together than common varieties in the orchard, or be used for alternating with more spreading trees. They are hardy, long-lived, and reliable croppers, yielding good to heavy crops biennially. The fruit is borne on short spurs close to the limbs. It is recommended for planting in the garden and commer- cial orchard where a variety of this type is desired. Historical. Originated as a chance seedling in an old stump on the grounds of John Prue, Chili, N. Y. (1). It appears that it has been planted more in Western New York than in any other section of the state. TREE. Tree a slow, stiff, upright grower in the nursery, apt to crack at the collar, not popular with nurserymen; in the orchard it becomes a moderately vig- orous or vigorous grower; branches long, moderately stout, curved, filled 210 THE APPLES OF NEW YorK. with fruit spurs. Form very upright but eventually somewhat roundish. Twigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout; internodes medium. Bark brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenti- cels numerous, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit medium or below, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish conic to oblong conic, regular or faintly ribbed; sides sometimes unequal. Stem very short, variable in thickness. Cavity acute or approaching obtuse, usu- ally rather shallow, medium in width to rather broad, unsymmetrical, fre- quently furrowed, sometimes lipped, partly russeted. Calyx medium to small, slightly open or closed; lobes short, rather narrow, acute. Basin shallow, narrow, abrupt. Skin smooth, clear pale yellow largely washed and mottled with bright pinkish-red, becoming deep red in highly-colored specimens, rather indis- tinctly striped and splashed with bright carmine. Dots numerous, rather large, areolar with russet point or with whitish point. Prevailing effect red and yellow contrasting beautifully. Calyx tube broadly conical with fleshy pistil point projecting into the base. Stamens basal. ; Core below medium to rather large, usually abaxile; cells open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels elongated ovate tapering toward base and apex. Seeds rather dark brown, medium to small, usually very wide, short, very plump, obtuse to acute. Flesh whitish or tinged with yellow, rather fine, tender, juicy, rich, aro- matic, sprightly, pleasant subacid, very good. Season September and October. Si ys; REFERENCES. I. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1867 (cited by 3). 2. Downing, £809 23605. 3. Ragan, US. 8. Pie Bul 50:20c 7s hoos SYNONYMS. Stymer’s (3). StTyMusS (1, 2, 3). This variety was described by Downing in 1869 as a new and really ex- cellent apple which originated on the farm of Jacob Stymus, Dobbs Ferry, N. Y. (2). Fruit medium size, yellowish, shaded, splashed and striped with light and dark crimson; flesh fine, tender, pleasant subacid, very good; season October and November. We are unacquainted with this variety and have received no report con- cerning it from any of our correspondents. SUFFOLK BEAUTY. REFERENCE. 1. Downing, 1869 :365. Synonyms. None. THE APPLES OF NEW York. 211 Described in 1869 by Downing (1) as a new variety from Deer Park, Long Island. Fruit medium, yellowish-white; flesh subacid; season August and September. This variety is unknown to us and we have received no report concerning it from any of our correspondents. SUMMER BELLFLOWER. REFERENCES. 1. Horticulturist, 3:168. 1848. fig. 2. Thomas, 1849 :143. 3. Cole, 1849:104. 4. Waring, 1851:31. 5. Elliott, 1854:159. 6. Downing, 4857 :190. 7. Warder, 1867:733. 8. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1875 :14. SYNONYMS. SUMMER BELLEFLEUR (1, 8). Summer Belle-fleur (5). SuM- MER BELLFLOWER (2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7). Summer Bellflower (1). This fruit bears considerable resemblance in form and color to Yellow Bellflower. Flesh tender, subacid, good. It is in season from the middle of August to the middle of September. The tree is erect, of medium size, a good grower, hardy and a good cropper. It is not considered a satisfactory variety for commercial planting and so far as we can learn is gradually be- coming obsolete in New York. Downing described it in 1848 as a new vari- ety of promise and stated that it was raised by John R. Comstock of Wash- ington, Dutchess county, N. Y., from seed of the Esopus Spitzenburg (1, 6). It was entered on the list of the American Pomological Society in 1875 as a variety of value for Nebraska (8). It was dropped from that list in 1897. A distinct variety of Pennsylvania origin has also been known under the name Summer Bellflower (6, 7). SUMMER PEARMAIN, REFERENCES. 1. M’Mahon, Amer. Gard. Cal., 1806:585. 2. Coxe, 1817: oe ese Cobbett, £821 :par. 300. 4. Thacher, 1822°138. 5. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:476. 6. Fessenden, 1828:129. 7. Kenrick, 1832:25. 8 Mag. Hort., 1:398. 1835. 9. Manning, 1838:47. 10. Jb., Mag. Hort., 7: PPro Tr. Dowie, 1845:70. 12. Horticulturist, 2:544. 1848. 13. Thomas, 1849:136. fig. 14. Cole, 1849:103. 15. Pheenix, Horticulturist, mee toso. 16. Hmmons, Nat. Hist. N. V., 3:11. 1851. fg. 17. Barry, mE 7O5 1S. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat.; 1852. 1G. Elliott, 1854:64.. fg. 20. Hooper, 1857:12, 106, 108. 21. Gregg, 1857:35. 22. Warder, 1867:582. fig. Ze Wawiine, 1869:78. fg. 24. Fitz, 1872:143, 160. 25. Hogs, 1884:7: 26. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:298. 27. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :234. 28. /b., 1892:250. 29. Budd-Hansen, 1903:182. fig. SYNONYMS. AMERICAN PEARMAIN (19). American Pearmain (20). American Summer (26). AMERICAN SUMMER PEARMAIN (7, 8, II, 12, 73, 14, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27). American Summer Pearmain (10, 29). EarLy SUMMER PEARMAIN (2, 5, 6). Early Summer Pearmain (7, 11, 14, 16, 19, 23, 25, of Coxe 13). SUMMER PEARMAIN (1, 3, 4, 9, 10, 15, 18, 26, 28, 29). Summer Pearmain (14). Watkins Early (19, 20). 212 THe Apples oF NEw York. An amateur fruit which when perfect is beautiful and of mild, rich, excel- lent flavor (26). The tree being of slender, slow growth in the nursery is not a favorite with nurserymen and although it makes a large productive tree in the orchard it is not profitable as a market variety (22). It is de- sirable for family use because the fruit is suitable both for culinary and dessert purposes and the crop ripens in succession through a period of nearly two months. There is also another Summer Pearmain or English Summer Pearmain which ripens sonrewhat later.1 Historical. Supposed to be of American origin. It is an old variety; first described in 1817 by Coxe. BRU Gels IA 222 2a" Fruit of medium size. Form variable, oblong or roundish inclined to conic, sometimes oblate. Stem medium to long. Cavity deep, acute, regular. Calyx large, open or closed. Basin medium size, abrupt, slightly wrinkled. Skin smooth, greenish-yellow, more or less covered with dull purplish-red, marbled, splashed and striped with brighter red. Dots minute. Core medium to small, roundish; cells closed. Seeds small, pointed. Flesh yellowish, very fine, tender, almost melting, juicy, aromatic, crisp, mild subacid, best. Season August and September. SUMMER QUEEN. REFERENCES. 1. M’Mahon, Amer. Gard. Cal., 1806:584. 2. Coxe, 1817: 102, 3. Thacher, 1822:133. 4. Buel, N. Y. Bad. Agp Wem, s82be47o es: Wilson, 1828:136. 6. Kenrick, 1832:28. 7. Manning, 1838:46. 8. Downing, 1845:77. 9. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:489. 1848. fig. 10. Thomas, 1849 :141. 11. Cole, 1849:103. 12. Barry, 1851:282. 13. Waring,) 1852 26-80 ee mn mons, Nat. Hust. N. Y., 3714.. 1851. 15. Elliott, 1854 -15deroreloeper 1857 :88, 107.’ 17. Gregg, 1857:39. 18. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat, 1860-240) 319. Warder, 1867:545. fig. 20. Downing, 1860:370. fg. 21. Pitz e2s72-043, 161. 22. /il. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1874 :205. 23. Wickson, 1889-2435.) 24 soy on. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:208. 25. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:250. 26. Pudd- Hansen, 1903:183. fig. Synonyms. Lancaster Queen (15, 20). Polecat (20). QUEEN (3, 13). Queen (6). Sharpe’s Early (20). SUMMER QUEEN (2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 14,15, 16, 17, 18, 10, 20, 21, 22) 22, 24, 25, 26). Sumner. Oucenm ato): SWEET’s Harvest (1). Sweets Harvest (3, 4, 6). Swett’s Harvest (2). A striped red apple of good size and excellent quality for culinary use, in season during late summer. In regions farther west it is a very popular variety for home use and is also considered by some desirable for market. The tree is a moderate grower with rather spreading habit and productive, yielding good crops almost annually. Historical. This is an old variety which is supposed to have originated in this country (4, 19, 26). It is commonly listed by nurserymen in most parts 1Raean, U.S. B. PB. I. Bul 56:300.) 1905. Tue AppLes oF NEw York. 213 of the country (25). So far as we have been able to learn it is not often grown in New York and is now seldom planted in this state. BRoreCro,.52.. 15. ro): Fruit medium to large. Form roundish conical, somewhat angular. Stem medium to long, slender. Cavity narrow to rather wide, regular, pretty deep. Calyx medium to large, open or closed. Basin shallow or none, furrowed. Skin yellow, striped, splashed and shaded with mixed red. Dots minute, yellow. Core medium size; cells open. Seeds numerous, acute, brown. Flesh whitish-yellow, sometimes with tinge of pink, firm, aromatic, juicy, subacid, good to very good for culinary use. Season August and September. SUMMER RAMBO. REFERENCES. I. Switzer, 1725 (cited by 7). 2. Duhamel, 1:28.- 1768. 3. Forsyth, 1803:49. 4. Coxe, 1817:104. fig. 5. Forsyth, 1824:123. 6.‘ Ken- rick, 1832:37. 7. Floy-Lindley, 1833:12. 8. Manning, 1838:47. 9. Downing, 1845 :04. 10. Thomas, 1849:141. 11. Elliott, 1854:178. 12. Am. Pom. Soc. Maperspe. 5s: Warder, 1867:733. 14: Am. Pom. Soc. Cat.,. 1871:10. 15. Leroy, 1873:508. fig. 16. Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:76. 17. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpi., 1890:208. 18. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:250. 19. (?) Revue Horticole, 66:202. 1894. 20. Taylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1895:199. 21. Bireitand McCluer, fil. Sta. Bul., 45:337. 1806. SYNONYMS. Cambour des Lorrains (15). Charmant Blane (15). De Lor- raine (15). De Rambourg (15). De Rambure (15). De Notre-Dame (15). FRANK RAmsouR (1, 7). Frank Rambour (9). Grosh (16). Gros-Ranibour d Ete (15). Herbstbreitling (15). Lothringer Rambour d’Ete (15). Pomme de Notre-Dame (6). Ramspour (3). Rambour (15, 17). Rambour Blanc (15). (RAMBOUR DAMERIQUE, 19)? RAMBOUR DETE (4, 8, 15). Rambour ad Ete (6,9, 10, 11). RAMBouR FRANC (2, 5, 6,9, 12). Rambour Franc (4, 7, 10, II, 15, 21). Rambourg Aigre (15). Rambour Gros (7, of the English 6). Rambour Raye (6, 15). Rambu (15). Remboure d’Ete (15). SUMMER RAMBO (13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21). Summer Rambo (11). SUMMER RAM- BOUR (10, 11). Summer Rambour (4, 9). Fruit of the type of Grosh; very attractive in size, form and color; large, oblate, yellowish-green considerably striped and splashed with mixed red, good to very good. Season early autumn. Begins to ripen about a month earlier than Grosh. The tree is a strong grower, comes into bearing young and bears quite regularly yielding moderate to good crops. Although it has long been known in cultivation in this country it has not gained much recognition among New York fruit growers. The fine color and size of this variety combined with its comparatively good quality recommend it for home use or local market. It is an old variety and has been tested in many parts of the United States but its cultivation has never become extensive. These facts would indicate that it has weaknesses not apparent to the casual observer. Possibly it is worthy of further trial in this state. 214. THE Apples oF New York. Historical. This variety is said to have originated in France (15). It has long been known in this country having been described by Coxe in 1817 and Kenrick in 1832 (4, 6). It was listed in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society under the name Rambour Franc from 1862 to 1871 (12, 14, 20). It is still listed by nurserymen (18). It is comparatively little known in New York state but is more often found in cultivation in Ohio and regions farther west. TREE. Tree vigorous. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs moder- ately long, curved, moderately stout; internodes medium. Bark brown, tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit large to very large, uniform in size and shape. Form oblate to roundish oblate, sometimes slightly ovate, sometimes faintly ribbed, pretty regular; sides often unequal. Stem short to medium, rather thick. Cavity nearly acuminate, deep to medium in depth, rather broad, usually symmetri- cal, sometimes lipped, sometimes slightly russeted close to the stem. Calyx rather large, closed or sometimes slightly open; lobes medium to short, rather narrow, acute to obtuse. Basin deep to sometimes medium, wide to medium in width, abrupt, smooth, symmetrical. Skin thick, tough, smooth, attractive clear bright yellow or greenish, in well colored specimens largely washed and mottled with lively pinkish-red, conspicuously marked with many broken stripes and. splashes of bright car- mine. Dots numerous, usually small-and submerged, but some are scattering, large, brown or russet. Prevailing effect striped. Calyx tube medium in length, rather wide, broadly conical. Stamens median to marginal. Core rather small, axile; cells nearly closed; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels roundish to roundish ovate approaching elliptical. Seeds frequently abortive, rather large, wide, plump, acute, moderately dark brown. Flesh yellowish-green, firm, breaking, coarse, tender, very juicy, mildly subacid, somewhat aromatic, good. Season September to November. SUMMER REDSTREAK. REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1869 :371. Synonyms. None. A September apple which originated in Columbia county, N. Y. According to Downing (1) the tree is moderately vigorous and productive. The fruit medium, yellowish, shaded, striped and splashed with rich red; flesh white, sometimes a little stained next the skin, brisk subacid, valued for cooking. We have neither seen this variety nor received any report concerning it. Tue Apples oF NEw York. 215 SUMMER ROSE. REFERENCES. 1. M’Mahon, Amer. Gard. Cal., 1806:584. 2. Coxe, 1817: 103. fig. 3. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:476. 4. Wilson, 1828 :136. 5. Fessenden, 1828:131. 6. Kenrick, 1832:29. 7. Manning, 1838:47. 8. Downime£O45:77. 9. Hortieuliunst, 2:483. 1848. 10. N. Y. Agr. Soc. MiGiete48-277. We. ii. Lhomas, 18497141. fg. 12. Cole, 1849:101. fig. PN Vawines 1651-30. 14. Barry, 18517282. 15.-dm:. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. TomMioOtmeLOsa 07. vg. 07. Grege, 1857 :30. 18. Elooper, 1857:87, 19. Horticulturist, 14:425. 1859. 20. Warder, 1867:016. 21. Fitz, 1872:143, Looe 2 i lon. Soc. kpt., 1875:112. 23. Downing, 1881:11 index, app. 24. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt.,_1887:630. col. pl. 25. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:298. 26. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:250. 27. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bet eOrI22). 1001, 28. Waugh, a. Sta. An. Rpt., 14273090: 1001. 29. Kar- rand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:46. 1903. 30. Budd-Hansen, 1903:183. fig. Synonyms. French Reimette (10). Harvest Apple (2, 3, 6). Lippincott Gomiaio) pe lodge:s Early (23). SumMER ROSE (2; 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, II, ii nies alOn 17,16, 19, 20,21, 22,235 24 25, 20,27, 28, 20, 30). Wolman’s Harvest (16). Woolman’s Early (11, 14, 17). WootmMaAn’s Harvest (1). Woolman's Harvest (8, 10, 16). Woolman’s Striped Harvest (11). A little dessert apple. Thomas rated it better in quality for the table than Early Harvest but less productive and too small for general value (11). The tree is a moderately vigorous or slow grower but is hardy, comes into bearing young and is productive. Suitable for culinary use in July, ripe in August. Historical. This is an old New Jersey apple which Coxe described as of singular beauty and excellent for both eating and stewing; the size is mod- erate, the form flat, the skin smooth, of a beautiful yellow resembling wax, blended with red in streaks and blotches (2). It is still occasionally listed by nurserymen (26) but is now seldom or never planted in New York. leg (oj, Wil, 1, AO, Bey 210)))- Fruit small to nearly medium. Form roundish, somewhat oblate. Stem rather short to medium, varying from stout to slender. Cavity shallow, acute, regular. Calyx small, closed or partly open. Basin regular, wide, abrupt, slightly furrowed. Skin smooth, waxen, very pale yellow, striped and splashed distinctly with bright red and carmine on the exposed cheek. Dots minute. Core medium to large; cells closed; core lines meeting. Seeds ovate, nu- merous, short, plump. Flesh white, fine-grained, crisp, very tender, sprightly, juicy, subacid, agree- able but not rich, suitable for either culinary or dessert use. SUMMER SPITZENBURG. REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1872:36 app. fig. Synonyms. French Spitzenburgh (1). SUMMER SPITZENBURGH (1). This is a September apple of attractive color. It is but little grown in New York. The tree is large, upright or roundish, a good grower, hardy, 216 THE APPLES OF NEw York. long-lived and reliably productive yielding good crops biennially. It is not considered valuable for commercial planting because the fruit is apt to be undersized and drops badly. By some it is esteemed for home use. Historical. Downing states that it originated with Woolsey Ostrander, Plattekill, Ulster county, N. Y. (1). LOyoeae’ (651), Fruit medium, whitish almost covered with red and overspread with thin bloom. Flesh moderately juicy, a little aromatic, good to very good. Season August and September. SUMMER SWEET, REFERENCES. 1. Mag. Hort., 14:388. 1848: figs 22 Colewmesg a7) 4. Hooper, 1857:87. 4. Downing, 1869 :372. SYNONYMS. SUMMER SWEET (2, 3, 4).. SUMMER SWEETING (1). A yellow sweet apple ripe in August and September. The tree is of me- dium size, moderately vigorous, spreading, productive. Fruit medium size, roundish oblate inclined to conic; flesh whitish, tender, rich, sweet (2, 4). Historical. An old Connecticut apple (1, 2, 4) now but very seldom found in cul’ vation in New York. SWEET BOUGH. REFERENCES. I. (?) Amer. Gard. Cal., 1806:584. 2. Coxe; 7817) 10% 72 3. (?) Thacher, 1822:121. 4. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:477. 5. Wil- son, 1828:136. 6. Fessenden, 1828:131. 7. Kenrick, 1832:26. 8. Floy-Lind- ley, 1833:84. 9. Manning, 1838:46. 10. Downing, 1845:74. 11. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:480. 1848. #g. ‘12. Cole, 1849-00. 135 Mhonmaserosget 5a ras Phenix, Horticulturist, 4:472. 1850. 15. Barry, 1851-2709) 10.407. om. Soc. Cat., 1852. 17, Elliott, 1854:100, fig. -18) looper 285 7-20e moe 1857:107, I11. 20. Gregg, 1857:35. 21. Warder, 1867:494. fig. 22. Down- ing, 1869:250. 23. Hitz, 1872:143. 24: Jb), 1872 101-25 elec; eee cee fig. 26. Downing, 1881:11 index, app. 27. Hogg, 1884:129. 28. Wickson, 1889 :243. 29. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :235. 30. Ib., 1892-243) Sates 1602: 250. 32. Amer. Gard., 15:404. 1804. fig. 33. Taylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1895 :102. 34. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bul:, 143 :200, 202) 18072 s5eoolverton: Ont. Fr. Sias. An. Rpt., 4:4. 1807. figs. 36. Beachy V/2eNeeeno7ia Soc: Rpt., 1901:76. 37. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :55. SyNonYMS. August Sweet (22). August Sweeting (12). Autumn Bough (11). BoucH , 5, 11, 13, 24, 25,.20, 34). Bowe Gaon yaa 7) BoucH APPLE (2, 6, 8, 20). BoucuH, Early Sweet (18). Boucu, Sweet (37). (Bow APPLE I, 3)? Earty BoucH (7,9). Early Bough (11, 25, 27). Early French Reimette (4). Early Sweet Bough (10, 11, 13, 17, 22). Early Sweet- heart (36). Larce BoucH (21). LarceE Earty BoucH (28). Large Early Yellow Bough (27). Larce Sweet BoucH (10, 30). Large Sweet Bough (15). Larcg YELLow -BoucH (10, 16, 22, 23, 26, 27, 33). Large Yellow _ SWEET BOUGH THE AppLes OF NEW YorRK. 27, POM MELI, 13515. 17, 20) 21, 25530), 31, 34, 35, 37). .Naack Pippin (17). Pound's July (20). SWEET BouGH (12, 14, 17, 31, 32, 35, 30). Sweet Bough (73s 20) 22) 24, 25, 27, 33, 34). Sweetbough (28). Sweet Harvest (10, 11, 17, 22, 25, 27). Yellow Bough (12). Washington (17, 25, incorrectly 22). This variety is a universal favorite throughout the state for the home orchard. Hovey (11) well says of it: “ The Bough is one of cur finest summer apples, having all the good qualities which Should recommend a fruit for general cultivation. The tree is moderately vigorous, making a handsome head, and bears abundant crops of large, very fair fruit, which begins to ripen the last of July, and remains in eating till the first of September. As a table apple, it will not rank as high as the Early Harvest; but, as a kitchen fruit, in its honied sweetness and tender flesh, it has no equal of its season. It should be found in every good collection.” It is handled to a limited extent in local markets, but is too soft to stand shipping to distant markets. It cannot be ranked among the profitable commercial varieties. The tree comes into bearing rather young, and under favorable conditions is long-lived, speci- mens being found sixty to eighty years old which are still quite pro- ductive. In unfavorable locations the tree is sometimes injured by winter, and the branches are attacked somewhat by the apple canker. Historical. This was described by Coxe in 1817 under the name Bough apple (2) It is evidently of American origin. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading to roundish, Gense. Twigs short, straight, moderately stout with large terminal buds; internodes short. Bark clear brown mingled with olive-green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; not pubescent. Lemnticels scattering, small, round, not raised. Buds medium in size, plump, acute, free, not pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit above medium to large, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish conic or ovate to sometimes slightly oblong conic with broad and rather . flat base, pretty regular; sides often unequal. Stem short to medium, moder- ately thick, usually not exserted. Cavity acuminate, deep, rather broad, some- times furrowed or compressed, usually smooth. Calyx small to medium, closed or partly open; lobes often leafy, sometimes separated at base, long, 218 THE APPLES oF NEW York. narrow, acute. Basin rather small, medium to rather shallow, narrow, a little abrupt, smooth or slightly wrinkled. Skin rather thick, tough, smooth, pale greenish-yellow often changing to yellowish-white, sometimes faintly blushed. Dots numerous, small, often light colored and submerged, sometimes russet. Calyx tube long, wide at top, conical to funnel-shape. Stamens median. Core rather large to medium, abaxile to nearly axile; cells closed or open; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish to cordate, slightly emarginate, slightly tufted. Seeds light brown, medium to rather small, plump, acute. Flesh white, moderately firm, fine, somewhat crisp, very tender, juicy, sweet, slightly aromatic, good to very good. Season August and early September. SWEET FALL PIPPIN. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1857:192. 2. Warder, 1867:733. 3. Thomas, TO 7/5135 3 Synonyms. None. A large, greenish-yellow apple, good either for dessert or for culinary uses; in season from October to January. The tree is large, spreading, vigorous to very vigorous, hardy and a reliable cropper yielding good crops annually or nearly annually. It 1s not a good variety for commercial plant- ing. Downing refers to it as being grown in Westchester county (1). It is also occasionally found in Western New York. We do not find it listed by nurserymen and it is gradually going out of cultivation. SWEET RUSSET, REFERENCES. I. Warder, 1867:528. fig. 2. Downing, 1869:377. 3. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :250. SyNoNYMS. Summer Russet (2). SweEEtT RUSSET (1, 2, 3). A small roundish or oblate apple, yellow, mostly covered with light russet tinged with red in the sun, juicy, sweet, very good; season September and October. Tree large, spreading and drooping, a moderately vigorous grower, hardy, long-lived and usually a reliable cropper yielding good crops bien- nially. Origin unknown. It was at one time disseminated by Parsons and Company, Flushing, N. Y. The name Sweet Russet has also been applied to the variety described as Pumpkin Russet on page 170. SWITZER, REFERENCES. 1. Hoskins, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880:50. 2. Jil. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881 :55. 3. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:91. 4. Gibb,-Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:436. 5. la. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:12. No. 304. 6. Moztreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:16. 7. Can. Hort., 12:344. 1889. 8 Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1889:14. 9. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1890:18. No. 304. 10. ~ THE Apples OF NEw YORK. 219 MonewelOrn., 13:216. 1800. Ir. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1890:418. Ealeepla t2) Bailey, An. Hort, 1892-251. 13: Amer, Gard., 13:639. 1802. memOgHelort., 10-350. 1803. 15. Eloskins, Rural N. Y., 53-2790. 1804. moener GArd., 10-332, 412. 1805. we. 17. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., ¥4:255. 1805. 18. Can. Hort., 20:183, 412. 1807. 19. Amer. Gard., 19 :652. meoOowe2o- Nacoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpi., 1901-08. 21. Hlansen, S. PD. Sta. Bul, 76:103. 1902. 22. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:85. 1902. 23. Budd- Hansen, 1903:186. fig. 24. Thomas, 1903 :303. SYNONYMS. SUISLEPPER (3, 4). Swislepper (5). SWITZER (1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, Poem I213 14) 15, 16; 17,18, 10, 20; 21, 22, 23, 24). Switzer (3, 4). When well grown this is a very handsome fruit of medium size or below, nearly white with beautiful blush. It is very good in flavor and quality either for dessert or culinary uses. Womimmiined at fis tation the tree comes mto bearme rather early and is a fairly reliable cropper yielding pretty good crops biennially. As compared with standard varieties of its season it does not appear to merit the attention of New York fruit growers. Historical. A Russian apple imported by the U. S. Department of Agri- culture in 1870. It was received in 1888 for testing at this Station from T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vt. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with short, moderately stout, curved and crooked branches. Form spreading, rather flat, open. Twigs short, curved, stout with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark dark brown, streaked with heavy scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, rouiid, not raised. Buds large, prominent, broad, plump, obtuse, free, heavily pubes- cent. FRUIT. Fruit below medium to above medium. form roundish or oblate, regular. Stem medium to rather long, rather slender. Cavity acuminate, moderately shallow, narrow, lightly russeted with thin, greenish-russet. Calyx small, closed; lobes medium in length, narrow, acute. Basin shallow or almost none, narrow to wide, furrowed, often wrinkled. Skin clear white or becoming yellowish, washed with bright pink which- often deepens to crimson. Dots whitish, obscure. Calyx tube variable, elongated conical to cylindrical or funnel-form. Stamens median to somewhat basal. Core large, axile; cells closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels round, deeply emarginate. Seeds large, dark brown, medium in width, long. Flesh white, firm, fine, juicy, mild subacid, good. Season late August to October. 220 THe APPLES or New York. SYLVESTER, REFERENCES. I. Horticulturist, 17:150. 1862. 2. Warder, 1867:617. fig. 3. Downing, 1869:370. 4: TIL Hort, Soc: Rpt, 187% 3154.5 5siee eee SynonyMs. None. A waxen-white fruit with crimson blush and brisk subacid flesh; very good for culinary uses. Season September and October. The tree is large, roundish, moderately vigorous, hardy, long-lived and a reliable cropper yielding good crops biennially. It is not desirable for commercial planting because the fruit shows bruises very readily. Historical. Originated at Lyons, N. Y. (3). It is but little grown even in the locality of its origin. TART BOUGE: REFERENCES. 1. Thomas, 1849:142. 2. Elliott, 1854:178. 3. Warder, 1867 :734. 4. Downing, 1869 :380o. Synonyms. Sour Bough of some (4). Tart BoucH (1, 2, 3, 4). An old variety which according to Downing (4) was originated and dis- seminated by Judge Buel of Albany, N. Y. Elliott (2) states that it resembles Early Harvest, but it ripens ten days later, has more acid and the trees are more rapid in growth. He regarded it as unworthy of cultivation. Downing recognizes another Tart Bough the fruit of which is small and whitish with white, tender flesh, juicy, sprightly, pleasant subacid, good. Season August (4). We do not know either of these varieties. TED ORS REFERENCES. 1. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 1201. 2. Manning, Mag. Hort., 7:50) 1841.- 3. Downing, 1845::78) 4. Whomasss 164g eee: Elliott, 1854:111. fg. 6. Hooper, 1857:03. 7. Horticuliumsierqei2s s5e. 8. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 9. Horticulturist, 21:294. 1866. fig. 10. Warder, 1867 :657. ri. Vodd, 1871:120. fig. 12. Mach. Poms Sogmikpi ats72Ze455: fig. 13. Horticuliurist, 29317: “1874. 14. Montreal oni soem sitey Or. 18. 15. fil. Hort. Soc. Rpt, 1876:251. 16. Montreal Horm Soe qe ns 70): 22, 17. Barry, 1883:335. 18. Montreal Hort Soc ikpi LesG—S 7277 tO: Hoskins,. Rural IN. Y.,° 452503. 1886. 20. Lyon, Wich aloes aap ie 1890:208. 21. Bailey, An: Hort., 1892):251. 22: N.Y Sian Ageia aes oo: 1892; 23. Munson, Me. Sta: Rpt, 1896-76. 24. Can. Hon mio ess eicoo: 25. Waugh, Vi. Sta, Buli 61:32. 1807. 26. Wroope elcid Sasa niaminapiee 12:1 1800. 27. Waugh, Vi. Sia An, “Rpt 14 sions noone oms Ouaioe Cye. of Fort., 19011404... 29. Hansen) S. 9) Sia) Buls 70 lOnpaseg 2 ama OO2: fig. 30. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1902:85. 31. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:56. 1902. 32. Budd-Hansen, 1903:188. fig. SYNONYMS. TETOFFSKY (2). TETOFSKI (10, 12, 27, 29). DpnorsKy “(1 3; A, 5, 6,°7, 8) 0; Il, 13, 14,°15, 16, 17,.18, 10, 20) 21, 22) 2342 o como mcouaie 22). hetofsky (@o):. AMSAOLAL THe Apples oF NEW YORK. 225 A Russian apple below medium size, yellow, striped with crimson, sprightly acid, suitable for culinary use in July, ripe in August. The tree is very hardy, very upright, deep rooted, comes into bearing young and yields full crops biennially or sometimes annually. Desirable for planting in regions where superior hardiness is particularly desired. It is but little earlier than Yellow Transparent which is superior to it in size and dessert qualities. There is a limited demand for the fruit in some local and special markets. Historical. Tetofsky is one of the pioneers of the Russian varieties in this country having been imported by the Massachusetts Horticultural So- ciety from the London, England, Horticultural Society about 1835 (28). Manning (2) described it as early as 1841 as a new fruit of value. It has been widely disseminated particularly in regions where its superior hardiness renders it peculiarly valuable. It has never been commonly grown in New York state and is now seldom planted here. TREE. Tree medium size to dwarfish, moderately vigorous, deep rooted with moderately stout branches filled with small spurs. Form very erect, rather dense. Twigs short, straight, moderately stout; internodes short. Bark dull brown with tinge of red, lightly coated with gray scarf-skin, sligitly pubescent. JLenticels scattering, small, oblong, not raised. Buds small, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit medium to rather small but usually below medium; uniform in size and fairly uniform in shape. Form oblate or roundish, a little inclined to conic, pretty regular. Stem medium in length, rather-slender. Cavity obtuse, medium to rather deep, moderately broad, usually symmetrical, gently fur- rowed. Calyx rather large, closed; lobes long, moderately broad. Basin shallow, medium in width, furrowed and wrinkled. Skin moderately thick, somewhat tough, smooth, waxy, greenish-yellow, more or less striped and splashed with rather attractive bright red, over- spread with very faint bloom. Many specimens have little or no red. Dots inconspicuous, pale or greenish, submerged. Calyx tube long, wide, funnel-shape with broad cylinder varying to nearly urn-shape. Stamens median to nearly marginal. Core large, axile or somewhat abaxile; cells open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish, concave. Seeds medium size, short, moderately plump, somewhat obtuse. Flesh white, firm, a little coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly, slightly aromatic, subacid, fair to good. Seasow late July to early September. 222 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. THALER. REFERENCES. 1. Webster, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881:54. 2. Tuttle, Tb., 8:135. 1881-82. 3. [b., 1883:94. 4. Gibb, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883: 438. 5. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:14. 6. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:14. 7. Schroeder, Jb., 1886-87:79. 8. Bailey, dn. Hort., 1892: 236. g. [b., 1892:251. 10. Green, Minn. Sta. Bul., 32:240. 1893. 11. Jack. Gard. and For., 7:99. 1894. 12. Hoskins, Jb., 7:138. 1894. 13. Rural N. Y., 54:539. 1805. 14. Troop, Ind. Sia. Rpt., 1899-81. “25. taamsen, SD: Sia, Bul. 76-38: =1902: SYNONYMS. CHARLOTTENTHALER (2, 6, 7, 8, 11, 15). Charlottenthaler (3, 4). CHARLOTTEN THALER (13). Charlotten Thaler (10). Charlottenthaler Apple (1). Charlottelthaler Golba (5). No. 147 (7). SCHARLOTTENTHALER GoLBA (I, 3, 4). THALER (5, 9, 10, 12, 14). Yellow Transparent (11). A Russian variety of the Yellow Transparent type. It resembles the Yellow Transparent so closely that some have considered them identical but they are distinct (6, 12). Since Yellow Transparent is superior in health, vigor and productiveness Thaler is not recommended for planting. THOMPSON. REFERENCES. 1. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:104. 1902. 2. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1902 :85. SyNoNYMs. THOMPSON (1). THOMPSON No. 24 (2). Thompson's Seed- ling No. 24 (1). Fruit of pretty good size, striped red and yellow, rather attractive. Flesh subacid, fair or possibly good in quality. Season late winter. The tree is a pretty good grower, comes into bearing rather young and bears nearly annu- ally yielding moderately good crops. This is a new variety which has gained recognition in the upper Mississippi valley on account of its hardiness in that region. It is also reported as promising in the Northern apple districts of Maine (2). It is not worthy of planting in this state where standard varieties of its season succeed but may be worth testing in those localities where a tree of superior hardiness is desired. Historical. Originated by J. S, B. Thompson, Grundy county, Ia., and first propagated under the name Thompson Seedling No. 24 (1). In 1892 it was received for testing at this Station from the Jewell Nursery Company, Lake City, Minn., by which the variety was introduced. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with moderately long, slender, curved, droop- ing branches. Form spreading, open, inclined to droop. Twigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout; internodes medium. Bark brown tinged with red, lightly streaked with scari-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels numerous, medium size, oval, raised, conspicuous. Buds medium size, broad, obtuse to acute, free, slightly pubescent. THE AppLes OF NEw York. 223 FRUIT. Fruit below medium to above or rather large. Form roundish or round- ish oval, pretty regular but somewhat unequal. Stem medium in length, slender. Cavity acuminate to acute, deep, medium in width to rather nar- row, more or less russeted. Calyx medium size, open; lobes separated at base. Basin deep, narrow to rather wide, abrupt, somewhat furrowed. Skin pale yellow more or less overspread and mottled with pinkish-red striped and splashed with carmine. Dots grayish or brownish, few, small, inconspicuous. Calyx tube short, conical to funnel-form. Stamens basal to median. Core medium size, abaxile; cells fairly symmetrical, open; core lines nearly meeting. Carpels nearly cordate to elliptical. Seeds numerous, medium size, flat, moderately acute. Flesh white, moderately fine, crisp, rather tender, juicy, subacid to mild subacid, fair to good. Season October to early winter or midwinter. SPINVIOUTH. REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1857:197. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 3. Downing, Horticulturist, 19:145. 1864. figs. 4. Warder, 1867:734. 5. Downing, 1869 :383. 6. Thomas, 1875:514. 7. Taylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1895:193. 8. Burrill and McCluer, JI]. Sta. Bul., 45:343. 1896. 9. Waugh, Bie sit Ag ept, 147310. LOor. SynonyMS. TEIGNMOUTH (3). Teignmouth (5, 6). TINMOUTH (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9). Tinmouth Sweet (8). Vermont Pippin (3, 5). Tinmouth is a fall and early winter apple of good size, good quality and rather attractive appearance. The tree is a good grower, with an upright habit. It is a regular cropper and very productive. It does not seem to be desirable for general commercial planting in New York. Historical. Downing remarked that this variety originated at Tinmouth, Vt., and was much esteemed in the region of its origin (5). Waugh calls it a good apple and states that it is almost unknown in Grand Isle county but is much more common in other parts of Vermont (9). So far as we have discovered it is but little known in New York. FRUIT. Fruit medium to large. Form oblate to roundish, regular or obscurely ribbed; sides often distinctly unequal. Stem often bracted, short to medium, usually not exserted. Cavity large, acute or approaching acuminate, deep, broad, russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx small, partly closed or open; lobes often small, sometimes long, acute, recurved. Basin rather large, deep, moderately wide, abrupt to moderately abrupt, often somewhat wrinkled. Skin tender, pale yellow or greenish, often with a bright deep blush and overspread with thin bloom. Dots numerous, greenish or russet, giving the surface a somewhat rough appearance. Prevailing effect yellow. 224 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. Calyx tube rather small, cone-shape or approaching funnel-form. Stamens median. Core rather small, axile or nearly so; cells closed; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish to obcordate, emarginate, mucronate. Seeds rather large, broad, somewhat obtuse. Fiesh whitish tinged with yellow, moderately fine, tender, rather juicy, mild subacid with a peculiar flavor, sprightly, good in quality. Season October to early winter or midwinter. TITOVES: REFERENCES. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 8:44. 1881-82. fig. 2. ID., 8:74. -1881-82: 3. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt.,.1882:80. 42 Buddy imeem: Bul., 1883:31. 5. Gibb, fa. Hori. Soc. Rpt:, 1883 :431. 6) Wigan eae: Rpt., 1883:173. 7. Barry, 1883:335. 8. Budd, la. Ag, Col isaieseges g. Thomas, 1885:526. 10. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:15. 11. Schroeder, /b., 1886-87:78: 12. Eloskins, Can. “Hori. 236i eee: 13. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:251. 14. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc, ifr sbeee5e 15. Vroop, imd. Sta. Bul. 53:124. 1804. 16. Beach, se) sia eae 13:584. 1804. 17. Munson, Me: Sta. Rpt. 1896277. (x8) Wass iareesae Bul., 44:4. 18907. 19. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:15. 20. Woolverton Ont. Fr.. Stas: An. Rpt., O:11. 18090. figs. 21. Troop, tad. Stan hiteseeet: 22. Eneroth-Smirnoff, 1901:470. 23. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:105. 1902. fig. 24. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:85. 1902. 25. Budd-Hansen, 1903: 188. -fig. 26. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B:P. I. Bul, 48:585 100352 jee rand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:46. 1903. Synonyms. No. 134 (11). No. 230 Gov. (4). Tirovca (9). TitovKA (1, 6,-7, 8; 10, II, 12, 13;.14; 15,: 16, 17, 18, 10; 20) 21, 22) 235 ne 2 een ee TiTowKA (5). Titus APPLE (2, 3; 4). Iutus Apple Gy 5 7). tse aee (25). A Russian apple, large, roundish or somewhat oblong, green- ish-yellow, handsomely shaded and striped with red and covered with light bloom. When fully mature the ground color is yel- low and the red is bright and dark often nearly covering the fruit. Quality good to very good for culinary use. Season August and September. ‘The tree is a vigorous grower, comes into bearing rather young and is moderately productive. It is one of the best Russian apples of its season which we have tested. The crop does not ripen uniformly and more than one picking is required in order to secure the fruit in prime condi- tion for market. Titovka is perhaps worthy of testing for market where fruit of this type and season is desired. THE Apples OF NEW York. 225 This appears to be the variety which Hansen describes under the name Titovka Department, which name he adopts to distin- guish it on the one hand from a variety called Titovka with Titus Riga as a synonym and on the other from a variety called iiitovka Speer (23). Historical. Imported from Russia by the U. S. Department of Agricul- ture in 1870. It was received in 1883 from Ellwanger and Barry, Rochester, N. Y., for testing at this Station. In 1897 it was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society as a variety of value in the pomo- logical district which includes the Dakotas, Montana and Wyoming (19). It is but little known in New York and so far as we can learn its cultiva- tion is not increasing in this state. FRUIT. Fruit large. Form roundish or somewhat oblong, a little inclined to conic, nearly regular, pretty symmetrical. Stem short, usually not exserted. Cavity acuminate, very deep, sometimes slightly russeted. Calyx medium size, closed; segments small, convergent. Basin moderately shallow to deep, very abrupt, wrinkled. Skin smooth, pale green becoming yellow, shaded and striped with bright red and overspread with light bloom. Calyx tube elongated cone-shape or funnel-form. Stamens median or below. Core rather large, somewhat abaxile; cells pretty symmetrical, open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish or somewhat obovate, emar- ginate. Seeds, few, rather small, plump. Flesh whitish, coarse, crisp, juicy, subacid, good to very good for culinary uses. Season August and September. TOM RUA. REFERENCES. I. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 1299. 2. Hogg, 1884: 220. Synonyms. Coalbrook (2). Marrow-bone (2). Tom Put (1). Tom WE (2): A rather attractive red apple of good size, moderately coarse, subacid, fair to good for culinary uses. The tree is a moderately vigorous grower, comes into -bearing rather early and yields full crops annually or nearly annually. As compared with standard varieties of its season it does not appear to be worthy of the attention of New York fruit growers. Historical. This is an old English variety (1, 2). In 1892 it was re- ceived for testing here from W. and T. Smith, Geneva, N. Y. 226 THE APPLES OF NEW YorK. TUEGS: REFERENCES. 1. Mag. Hort., 14:519. 1848. 2. Cole, 1849:107. 3. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 16:496. 1850. fig. 4. Hovey, 2:23. 1851. col. pl. 5. Down- ing, 1857:198. 6. Warder, 1867:734. 7. Thomas, 1885:527. 8. Bailey, An. Hori., 1892:251. 9. [b., 1892:251. 10. Beach, N. VY. Sita) An ieee, 596. 1892. 11. Burrill and McCluer, J1l. Sta. Bul., 45:344. 1896. 12. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:58. 10903. 13. Beach aud) Giggs Sta. Bul, 248147. 190s Synonyms. Turts’ (3,4; 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13). Turvs Batpwan(2)5.0,9)- Tufts Baldwin (7, 10, 12, of some 3 and 5). TurFts SEEDLING (1). An apple of the Baldwin group, somewhat like Baldwin in form, color and general appearance, but more mild in flavor and less desirable for market or culinary uses. In ordinary storage it is in season from October to January with October as the commercial limit, but in cold storage it may be held through the winter (13). In some years nearly all of the fruit is discolored at the core. The crop does not ripen evenly, and there is apt to be considerable loss from dropping of the fruit. The tree is large, a pretty good grower, comes into bearing rather early and yields full crops biennially. Not recommended for planting in New York. Historical. This variety originated in Cambridge, Mass., about 1830. It was first exhibited at the annual show of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1848 (4). It is now rarely listed by nurseymen (8, 9) and is seldom or never planted in this state. TREE. Tree large, moderately vigorous. Form very spreading, flat, open. Twigs moderately long, curved, slender; internodes short. Bark brown, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, cblong, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit large or nearly so, quite uniform in size and shape. Form round- ish to roundish oblate, sometimes with a-broad protuberance above the cavity on one side, often flattened at apex, broadly ribbed. Stem long, rather slender. Cavity acute to acuminate, medium in depth to deep, rather broad, often furrowed, usually with outspreading, irregular, greenish-russet. Calyx medium to rather small, usually closed. Basin rather shallow to moderately deep, medium in width to wide, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, slightly wrinkled, somewhat ridged. Skin moderately thin, tough, smooth, green or yellowish nearly covered with bright deep red like the Baldwin, not striped or with indistinct stripes of purplish carmine. Dots conspicuous, medium to rather small, gray or russet. Calyx tube medium in length, conical or funnel-shape. Stamens median to marginal. Core large, axile or nearly so; cells closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish, often discolored, rather flat, emargin- THE APPLES OF NEW York. 227 ate. Seeds often few, not well developed, dark brown, large, long, some- what acute, slightly tufted. Flesh tinged with yellow or greenish, firm, moderately coarse, crisp, rather tender, moderately juicy, rather mild subacid, fair to good. Season October to December or January. TWENTY OUNCE. REFERENCES. 1. Mag. Hort., 10:210. 1844. 2. Downing, 1845:140. 3. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 13:70. 1847. fig. 4. Thomas, 1849:153. 5. Cole, 1849: 120. 6. Elliott, 1854:126. 7. Hooper, 1857:04. 8. Downing, 1857 :108. Beeman om. Soc Cat, 1862. 10. Warder, 1867:510. fg. 11. Downing, MONG ssocr E2a/ Hitz. 16722108, 13. Leroy, 1873:26% fg. 14. Barry, 1883: 356. 15. Wickson, 1889:245. 16. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890 :208. 17. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:236. 18. [b., 1892:251. 19. Budd-Hansen, 1903: im 2o0. Powell: and -Fulton, (WU; S. B. P. J. Bul. 48:50. 1003. 21. Beach ane Clarks INC Vo Sia. Bul., 248:147. 1904. SYNONYMS. Aurora (8, II, 13). Cabashaw, incorr. (21). CAyuca Rep Sipe wen(Oto 17), Cayuga Ked Sireak (3, 5) 8, 11, 12, 13, 4, 15, 10, 19, 20, 21, 22). Coleman (8, 11, 13). De Vin du Conn. (13). D1x-HuIr ONCES (2, 13). Eighteen Ounce (4, 6,13). Eighteen Ounce Apple (2, 8, 11). Gov. Seward s (3,6). Lima (8, 11, 13). Morgan’s Favorite (8, 11, 13). TWENTY Ounce (i 253, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 10, 20, 21). Twenty Ounce (6, Os o1e9)) wenty Ounce Apple (2, 3, 6, 8, 11, 12). Twenty Ounce Pippin Geer tand 6). Wine (21, of Conn. 11): This is one of the most satisfactory of the fall varieties for commercial planting in New York. It is also highly esteemed jmnome tse. lhe iruitas large, attractive, green becoming yellowish with broad stripes and splashes of red. It is in sea- son from September to early winter. It keeps well for a fall variety and stands shipping well. Usually it should be handled direct to the consumer without going into cold storage. In common storage the fruit goes down rapidly during October and November. In cold storage it may be kept till midwinter (21). It hangs pretty well to the tree for so large an apple, is pretty uniform in size and generally reliable and satisfactory in color and quality. The fruit is in good demand in general market and sells at good prices. It is especially esteemed for culinary uses but it is inferior to other varieties for evaporating. The tree is a rather vigorous grower with main branches erect and laterals rather willowy and more or less drooping. It seems to succeed particularly well in favorable locations in the 228 THe APPLES OF NEw York. apple belt south of Lake Ontario. It is especially subject to sunscald and canker on the trunk and larger limbs. For this reason it is desirable to topwork it upon some hardy and thrifty stock such as Tolman Sweet or Northern Spy. Careful atten- tion should be given to treating the canker.1 The top is inclined to grow rather dense and requires constant attention to keep it properly pruned to admit the light to the foliage in all parts of the tree so that the fruit may color properly. The tree when full grown is of medium size or below medium and may be planted closer in the orchard than Baldwin, Rhode Island Greening or Northern Spy. It comes into bearing rather young and is almost an annual bearer yielding moderate to good or even heavy crops. The skin of the fruit is apt to be roughened by the application of spray mixtures. In spraying Twenty Ounce after the fruit is set, it is therefore desirable to use an abundance of lime in the bordeaux mixture and make the appli- cation uniform and thorough but not excessive. In different localities in New York Twenty Ounce is known under the various synonyms of Cayuga Redstreak, Wine Apple and Limbertwig. It is quite distinct from Twenty Ounce Pip- pin; see Volume I, page 349. Historical. This variety was brought to the notice of pomologists about sixty years ago (I, 3), when fruit of it grown in Cayuga county, N. Y., was exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. At that time its cultivation appeared to be mostly confined to Cayuga county and its origin was unknown. In 1857 Downing (8) reported that it originated in Connecticut but upon what authority we are unable to state. Twenty Ounce is well known in most of the apple-growing sections of the state and in certain districts its cultivation for commercial purposes appears to be increasing. It is pretty generally listed by nurserymen (17). TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with branches moderately long and moderately stout. Form upright becoming roundish, dense; laterals willowy, slender and more or less drooping. Twigs short, straight, slender; internodes medium. Bark reddish-brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, flat, obtuse, appressed, pubescent. 1N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:399-418. 1809. Ib., 22:321-386. 1903. AONNO ALNAAL } } ’ Ay THe AppLes oF NEw York. 229 FRUvIT. Fruit very large. Form variable, usually roundish or roundish conic, sometimes broadly ribbed. Stem deep set, short to medium, moderately thick or rather slender. Cavity acuminate, very deep, sometimes lipped, sometimes russeted. Calyx below medium size to above, usually closed. Basin often oblique, often shallow but occasionally deep, moderately narrow to rather wide, rather abrupt, broadly and deeply furrowed. Srin thick, tough, greenish becoming rather yellow, washed, mottled and splashed with bright red or deepening to dark or purplish-red with carmine stripes. Dots grayish or russet, small to large, often raised, sometimes whitish and submerged. Calyx tube large, long, wide, conical or funnel-shape extending to the core. Stamens usually basal. Core large, axile or somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, usually closed, sometimes wide open; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels elongated ovate, slightly emarginate, somewhat tufted. Seeds medium size, round to narrow, obtuse to acute, variable. Flesh whitish somewhat tinged with yellow, coarse, moderately tender, juicy, subacid, good for culinary use, second rate for dessert. Season late September to early winter. RED TyPE OF TWENTY OUNCE. A red Twenty Ounce which originated at Hilton, Monroe county, N. Y.,, is being propagated under the name “ Collamer.” See page 36. TYRE BEAUTY. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1869:388. 2. Horticulturist, 24:52. 1869. fig. Synonyms. None. This was brought to notice about thirty-five years ago as a new seedling apple of value in the locality of its origin, Tyre, Seneca county, N. Y. Fruit medium, pale yellow, splashed, marbled and shaded with crimson. Flesh tender, slightly acid, neither rich nor peculiarly sprightly. Season early September (2). We are unacquainted with this variety and so far as we know it has not been grown outside of the locality of its origin. Ua TER: REFERENCES. 1. Horticulturist, 10:528. 1855. 2. [b., 23:10. 1868. fig. 3. Downing, 1869:389. 4. 4m. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 5. Montreal Hort. NOC Ea eam KO7ZON On buddy lan ior Soc. Ip. 1879-472. 7. Whomas, 1885 :527. 8. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:97. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., FOQ2 25 LO: larhisn U9. Hom. INpl. t692-271. 11. Burrill and McCluer, DES Sian Bul A5:310, 344. 1806, 12: Macoun; Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1901: OSeeeto ys anise SD) Sia Buln 703106, O02 fe. 14. Budd-Hansen, ZQO33103. fig: 230 THe AppcLes oF NEW York. Synonyms. English Janneting (6). Fameuse (6). Seever’s Red Streak (6). Urrer’s (1). Utter (2; 3, 4, 6, 7, 8:9) 10, 11, 13) 14) ae Selene Ra (O))5 AUN Ikon) (Cy, 0), hers Jiao) (a3, 1.) Fruit of good size, yellow and red, rather attractive in appearance. The tree is a rather upright regular grower, forming a full rounded head, healthy and productive (11). It is very hardy and on this account has been grown to some extent in regions where standard varieties do not suc- ceed) (13, 14). Historical. Originated in Wisconsin where it was known as early as 1855 (1). It has been much grown in that state and in other parts of the Middle West (13, 14) but it is little known in New York. FRuirt. Fruit above medium to large. Form usually roundish oblate varying to roundish, sometimes a little inclined to oblong, often somewhat broadly ribbed, pretty regular. Stem short to medium, moderately stout. Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, medium in width to wide, furrowed gently if at all, sometimes partly russeted. Calyx small, closed or partly open; lobes small, short, obtuse. asin rather shallow to moderately deep, medium in width, abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin moderately thick, tough, clear, rather pale yellow usually washed with orange-red and narrowly streaked with bright carmine. Some fruits show little or no red but on highly colored specimens the prevailing color is red. Dots not conspicuous, numerous, often submerged or whitish or occa- sionally with russet point. Calyx tube elongated funnel-form. Stamens median or below. Core sessile, medium size, abaxile; cells symmetrical, open or closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish or approaching elliptical, but slightly emarginate if at all, smooth or slightly tufted. Seeds moderately numerous, medium to rather large, somewhat narrow to rather wide, obtuse or approaching acute, moderately lght reddish-brown. Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, somewhat coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, mild subacid, pleasantly flavored, good. Season October to December or later. VANDEVERE. REFERENCES. I. Am. Gard. Cal., 1806:585. 2. Coxe, 18172145. "neues: Thacher, 1822:130. 4. Buel, IN. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem. 1820277. 55 hloy— Lindley, 1833:85. 6. Downing, 1845:141. fig. 7. Thomas, 1849:173. 8. Cole, 1849:122. 9. Horticuliurist, 10:87. 1855. ro. by 11 -soume5e: iz. Warder, 1867:735. 12. Fitz, 1872:121, 140, 153) 135-47 eleonmraes Cat., 1873. 14. lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Kpt., 1890::208:.) )2 5. sballeyeaa: Hort., 1892:251. 16. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :193. Synonyms. Ovweye (8, 12). Staalcubs (2, 4). Stalcubs (3, 6). WANDER- VERE (2, 6,.0, 10, 11). WANDEVEER (@). WANDEVERE (1) 35/5) 7, Ome uous iss 6) THE Apples or New York. 22 The old variety which is commonly called Vandevere in New York is known to pomologists by the name Newtown Spitzenburg, under which name it is described in Vol. I, page 225. It originated in Newtown, L. I. The true Vandevere which we are here considering is quite distinct from this Newtown Spitzenburg. When in perfection Vandevere is a beautiful and fine apple, medium in size, marked with light red in indistinct streaks over a yellow background; well colored specimens become deep red; dots numerous, green or lght gray; flesh yellowish, crisp and tender with a rich, sprightly, mild subacid flavor, valued especially for culinary purposes; in season from October to January. The tree is of medium size, spreading, moderately vigorous, not VenyEDLOGtIctive (2; ©, 7). Historical. An old variety native of Wilmington, Del. (2, 6). It is some- times called the Vandevere of Delaware or the Vandevere of Pennsylvania. It has never been much cultivated in New York and is now seldom or never planted here. VANDEVERE PIPPIN. REBERBNCES. 1s, Phoenix ehloriienliurist, 4:471. 1849. 2. Elliott, 1854 2113. ies Downing, 185721900. 4. Elooper, 1857-04. 5. Warder, 1867:462. 6. Thomas, 1875:204. 7. Budd-Hansen, 1903:193. fig. SyNonyMSs. JSBaltimore of some, incorrectly (2). Big Vandevere (3). Fall Vandervere (2). Guibbon’s Smathhouse? (2). Gibbon’s Smokehouse? (2). Imperial Vandervere (2). Indiana Vandevere (3, 6). Large Vander- vere (5). Millcreek (2). Millcreek Vandervere (2). Pennsylvania Vande- vere (2). Red Vandervere (2). Smokehouse? (2). Spiced Oxeye (2). ‘Staalclubs (2). Striped Ashmore? (2). Striped Vandervere (2). WANDER- VERE (2). Vandervere (5). WANDERVERE PIPPIN (1, 5). Vandervere Pippin (2). VANDEVERE PIPPIN (3, 6, 7). Vandevere Pippin (4). WANDEVERE YELLOW (4). Watson's Vandervere (2, 5). Watson's Vandevere (3, 6). Windower (1). Yellow Vandervere (2, 5). A large, coarse apple, yellow, more or less covered with marbled red and scarlet stripes; flesh of rather sharp acid flavor, excellent for culinary use but not esteemed for dessert (5); in season from September or October to early winter. The tree is vigorous, large, spreading, a reliable cropper and productive. The twigs and leaves much resemble those of Vandevere (5). It appears that it is no longer listed by nurserymen. Historical. Origin unknown (3, 5, 7). It has been grown to some extent in the West but has never been much cultivated in New York. VICTORIA. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1881:111 app. fig. 2. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892: Zoi sbowell and Hulton Us Sb. Pai, Bul, 28-50, 1o03) 4. Beach and Clank Ne Ve Sid. Bill, 248145. TOOK Synonyms. Victor1A (3, 4). VicTorIA Sweet (1). Victoria Sweet (4). VICTORIA SWEETING (2). 232 THE AppLes oF NEw York. This variety belongs in the same group with Mabie. The fruit is of good medium size, dark red, with conspicuous, large dots somewhat like those seen on Westfield Seek-No-Further and Blue Pearmain. The flesh is moderately coarse, very tender srarhenaerey. sweet, good to very good, for either dessert or culinary uses. In ordinary storage it is in season from October to January, with October as the commercial limit; in cold storage it may be held till January (4). -The tree is a pretty sood erower mcomesniane bearing rather young and yields full crops biennially. It 1s recom- aended for trial in Central and Eastern New York where a variety of this type is desired either for the home or for the local market. Historical. Origin uncertain. It is supposed by some to have originated in Chenango county. Probably it is nowhere grown extensively but it is culti- vated more in Chenango and adjacent counties than in any other region. It is occasionally listed by nurserymen (2). TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with rather short, rather stocky, crooked branches. Form spreading. Twigs moderately long, rather slender; inter- nodes medium. Bark dull reddish-brown or olive-green, slightly mottled with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lemnticels scattering, usually large and elongated. Buds medium size, rather narrow, plump, appressed, acute, pubescent. Leaves medium size, rather broad. FRuIT. Fruit above medium to medium, fairly uniform in size and shape. Form roundish inclined to conic, somewhat flattened at base, faintly and broadly ribbed. Stem usually short, moderately thick. Cavity moderately deep, medium in width to broad, symmetrical, often lipped, sometimes red and smooth, but often bright yellow russet or greenish-russet overspreads the cavity and radiates irregularly over the base in broken lines and splashes. Calyx small to medium, closed or partly open; lobes usually short and not separated at base, acute. Basin medium in depth to moderately deep, narrow to wide, somewhat abrupt, slightly wrinkled. Skin tough, nearly smooth, yellow, blushed and faintly mottled with rather dull red and marked with numerous, narrow stripes of deeper red. Highly colored specimens are purplish-red with obscure stripes. Dots or flecks conspicuous, gray or russet, becoming smaller and more numerous toward the cavity. Calyx tube short, medium size, conical or somewhat funnel-form. Stamens median to basal. : Core medium to somewhat distant, usually abaxile; cells closed or partly open; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels roundish cordate to VICTORIA SWEET THE AppLeS OF NEW YORK. 238 elliptical, decidedly concave, tufted. Seeds numerous, dark, medium size, flat, acute to obtuse. Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, moderately coarse, very tender, juicy, sweet, good to very good. Season October to January. VICTUALS AND DRINK. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1845:141. 2. Thomas, 1849:163. 3. Emmons, igmeeeiinie NE VYooes-Se.) Tost. 4. Ellrott, 18542179. 5. looper, 1857 :04. Geaender. 1607-400, Wg. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 8. Daylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1895 :200. SynonyMs. Big Sweet (1, 4,5). Fall Green Sweet (6). Green Sweet of indiana (6). Pompey (1, 4, 5, 6). WVICTUALS AND DRINK (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Tene.) A large, somewhat rough, dull green or yellowish apple often veined with russet. The flesh is sweet, very tender, fine-grained, very good to best in quality; in season from October to January or later. The tree is medium to rather large, upright or roundish, stocky, vigorous, very productive, often carrying so heavy a load of fruit that many of the apples are small. Down- ing states that it originated in the neighborhood of Newark, N. J., about 1750 (1). In 1873 (7) it was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society but was dropped from that list in 1897. Bailey does not mention it in his Inventory of Apples Offered by American Nurserymen in 18921 It has been popular in some portions of the West but so far as we know has never been much cultivated in New York. It is undoubtediy an excellent variety for the home orchard. VINEUSE ROUGE. REBPRENCES. I. Leroy, 1873-230. fg. 2: Ib., 1873:846. fig. 3. Hoskins, liguelonea Soc iept. 1879:414. 4.-Gibb, /b., 1883-442. 5. N.Y. Sta. An. Kept, 3:20. 1884. 6. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:16. 7. Craig, Montreal TORSO GH epi, 2-102) 18e0-67. 8. Beach, N. Y. Sita. An. Rpt., 11 3587. mo02), 9, Bailey, Aw. Hort, 1892:240. 10. Beach, N.--Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 12: COGmeoOs. i/o. 13-56%. 1so4) 12. Dempsey, Ont, Fr. Stas..An. Rpt., Te noo t me 12, 8134 blansen, SD: Sta, Bul. 762110, roo2. SYNONYMS. Aromatic Spike No. 354 (13). CoMPTE ORLOFF (1). COUNT Oxtorr (8). Count Orloff (13). De Revel (2). Granp SULTAN (3, 7, 9, 10, 12). Grand Sultan (2). Green Transparent (13). GRoSKOE SELENKA GRUNER (5, 11). Ortorr (6). Orloff (4). Orlovskoe (6). ORLOWSKOE (4). Ked Transparent (13). Revelstone Pippin (2). TRANSPARENTE JAUNE (2). Transparente Rouge (1). Transparente de Sainte-Léger (2). Transparente Verte (1). VINEUSE RouGcE (13). Vineuse Rouge (1). Hansen gives the following description of this variety (13): “ Origin, Russia; as fruited in the Iowa Experiment Station orchard, this variety and Red Transparent, Count Orloff, Grand Sultan, Green Transparent and 1 An. Hort., 1892. ; | 234 Tue Apples oF NEw York. Aromatic Spike No. 354 are identical or very similar. Tree a strong grower, round topped, a heavy annual bearer. Fruit medium to large, round ceblate conic, regular; surface greenish-yellow, rarely faintly splashed with red on sunny side, overlaid with white bloom; dots large, white, few; cavity narrow, abrupt, with irregular patch of russet, stem short, stout, often clubbed; basin small, shallow; calyx, small, closed. Core closed or nearly so, clasping: tube long, funnel-shaped; flesh white, firm, juicy, fragrant, subacid, good for table, very good for cooking. Season very early, about one week before Yellow Transparent, but perishable and should be picked early to prevent water- coring and rotting on the tree. Evidently the name is a misnomer as it means Red Wine Colored.” As grown at this Station Count Orloff, Grand Sultan and Groskoe Selenka Gruner are identical or very similar, and none of them is very desirable. WASHINGTON STRAWBERRY. REFERENCES. I. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1849 :117. 2. Mag. Hort., 23:26. 1857. 3. Hovey, fb., 24:79. 1858. fg. 4. Am. Pom. See Car scges Downing, 1869:396. fig. 6. Thomas, 1875:205. 7. Downing, 1881:1I, 12 index, app. 8. Barry, 1883:341. 9. Wickson, 1889:244. to. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpi., 1890:208. 11. Bailey, An. Hort, 18922252522 e ane La. Sta. Bul., 27:926. 1804. 13. Powell and Fulton) (U-93s> 55a 48:60. 1903. 14. Budd-Hansén, 1903:1907. fg. 15. Fattand ieee ore Bul., 205:47. 1903. 16. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sia. Bul., 248:150. 1G04 Synonyms. Juniata (7). WASHINGTON (2, 3). Washington of Maine (7). Washington County Seedling (2). WASHINGTON STRAWBERRY (1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 13, 15, 16). WASHINGTON Strawberry (14). Washington Strawberry (3). Fruit smooth, of good size and pretty good color, fairly uniform ii: shape but somewhat variable in size, desirable for either dessert or culinary uses. It is quite variable in season in different years and in different localities. As fruited at this Station it comes in season in September or October, and some portion of the fruit may be kept in fair condition into the winter or sometimes through the winter. In ordinary storage its commercial limit is October, and in cold storage November (13, 16). The fruit hangs well to the tree. The tree is vigorous, hardy, healthy, moderately long-lived, comes into bearing rather early and is a reliable cropper, yielding good crops biennially or almost annually. It is a good variety for home use, but evidently is not wanted in market. Its season is rather short, and it begins to mature at a time when the markets are filled with other fruits. THE Apples oF NEW York. 235 vy Historical. Washington Strawberry was first exhibited at the Fair of the State Agricultural Society in Syracuse in 1849 (1, 3). It originated on the farm of Job Whipple, Union Springs, Washington county, N Y. (1). It was included in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in 1869 (4). It is still listed by nurserymen and has been disseminated to some extent in various parts of the continent. Although it has been known for a half century it has failed to establish itself in the commercial orchards of this state and is but little known among New York fruit growers. TREE. Tree medium to large, vigorous to moderately vigorous. Form rather flat, spreading, open. Jwigs below medium to short, straight or nearly so, rather slender to stout with large terminal buds; internodes medium or below. Bark clear brownish-red or with more or less olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small to medium, round or somewhat elongated, slightly raised. buds medium to large, broad, plump, obtuse, free or nearly so, pubescent. FRvuIt. Fruit medium to large or very large. Form globular, usually inclined to conic, base rounding or sometimes flattened, nearly regular; sides often a little unequal. Stem short and rather thick or sometimes long. Cavity below medium to medium, acute to somewhat acuminate, rather shallow to deep, narrow to moderately broad, occasionally lipped, often somewhat furrowed, usually thinly russeted. Calyx below medium to rather large, usually some- what open; lobes a little separated and broad at the base, narrow above, long, acute to acuminate. Basin small to medium, narrow to moderately wide, medium in depth, abrupt, somewhat furrowed, wrinkled. Skin rather thin, tough, smooth, somewhat waxy, greenish or yellow, washed and mottled with red, conspicuously splashed and striped with bright carmine and overspread with thin bloom. Dots numerous, russet or whitish and rather conspicuous, often submerged. Prevailing effect siriped red. Calyx tube rather large, wide, cone-shape with core lines meeting, some- times becoming funnel-form with clasping core lines. Stamens basal or nearly so. Core below medium to above, axile or sometimes abaxile; cells not uni- formly developed, usually symmetrical and more or less open, sometimes closed; core lines meeting if the calyx tube is cone-shape, clasping if it is funnel-form. Carpels variable, ovate to broadly obcordate, sometimes a little emarginate, often tufted. Seeds dark, medium in size, rather long, some- what acute; often many are abortive. Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, firm, rather fine to a little coarse, crisp, tender, very juicy, pleasant subacid, sprightly, good to very good. Season from September or October into early winter. 230 THe Apples or NEw York. WATER. REFERENCES. I. Downing, Horticulturist, 19:172. 1864. figs. 2. Warder, 1867 :735. 3. Downing, 1869:397. fig. 4. Thomas, 1875:315. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1877:16. .6. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc: Rpt, 1890:208.) 72eamem An. Hort., 1892 :252. Synonyms. None. A mild flavored dessert apple of medium size, pale yellow or greenish with attractive blush of lively red; in season from October to December. The tree is a rather moderate grower, does not come into bearing young and is a biennial bearer yielding from fair to good crops. Not recommended for commercial planting. Historical. Origin Durham township, Bucks county, Pa. (1, 3). It was en- tered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in 1877 (5) and dropped from that list in 1897. It is but little known in this state. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with short, slender, curved branches. Form erect or roundish, rather dense. Ywigs long, curved, moderately stout; internodes short. Bark dark brown, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lenticels scattering, small, round, not raised. Buds rather prominent, medium to large, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit medium size. Form broadly ovate to roundish conic varying to oblong conic with flattened ends, nearly regular. Stem short to medium, slender. Cavity acuminate, rather narrow to moderately broad, moderately shallow to deep, often compressed, sometimes thinly russeted, the russet not extending beyond the cavity. Calyx small to medium, closed or open; lobes long, narrow, acute to acuminate. Basin varying from shallow to rather deep and abrupt, narrow to medium in width, furrowed and wrinkled. Skin pale yellow or greenish with very attractive, lively pinkish-red blush, in well colored specimens deepening to dark or purplish-red, not striped, over- spread with thin bloom. Dots numerous, medium to small, grayish or whit- ish, often submerged. Calyx tube short, wide, broadly conical. Stamens basal to median. Core rather small, somewhat abaxile; cells closed or slightly open; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels small, slightly obovate to obcordate, emar- ginate. Seeds medium in size, few, dark brown, varying from blunt and flat to acute and rather narrow. Flesh nearly white, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, pleasant mild subacid, good. Season October to December or later. WEALTHY. REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1869:398. 2. Foster, Horticulturist, 25 :362. 1870. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1871:10. 4. Thomas, 1875:515. 5. Monireal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:19. 6. Ib., 1879:33. fig. 7. Ja. Hort. Soc. kept, 1879: WEALTHY . ay THE Apples OF NEW York. 227 453. 8. Sheppard, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 8:140. 1881-82. 9g. Foster, Ta. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1882:100. 10. Barry, 1883:356. 11. Gideon, dm. Pom. WiemieHi 18552154. 12. Monireal Hort. Soc. Kpt., 1880 87:17, 27. 13. lauameeen Yas, 402404. 75E. 1887.. 14. Am. (Pom. Soc. Ipt., 1887:92. 15. Can. Hort., 11:31. 1888. 16. Rural N. Y., 48:177. 1889. 47. Gibb, Mon- maaieiorE Soc tpt. 15:10. roo. 18. Elamilton, [b., 15:27. 18090. 19. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:208. 20. Can. Hort., 14:119, 131, 331. Pome Paylor, Me. Pom: Soc. Rpt, 1892:57. 22. Rural N. Y., 512705. meee Ont. Fr. Gr. Assn. An. Rpi., 26:05. 1894. 24. Rural N. Y., 54: 682. 1805. 25. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 3:17. 1806. figs. 26. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bul., 61:32. 1897. 27. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898 :357. 28. Am. Gard., 20:404. 1899. 29. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:312. 1901. 30. Hays, U. S. Div. of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology Baers TOOT. 31. Can. Hort., 25:121. 1902.- 32. Van Deman, Rural Meeeor 219 tOO2. 33. Munson, We. Sta. An. Kpt., 18:85, 90. 1902. 34. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:112. 1902. fig. 35. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Saeed 206-50: 1902, 36. Can. Hort. 26:12. 19003. 37. Budd-Hansen, 1903:198. fig. 38. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:47. 1903. 39. Powell and Hanon S- 6. P. J. Bul. 48:60. 1903. 40. Macoun, Can. Hort., 27:71. 1904. fig. of tree. 41. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:150. 1904. Aeeeam itl. 5.5. P. 1. Bul., 567326. 1005. Synonyms. None. This variety is particularly valuable for cold climates because the tree is very hardy and the fruit sells well, being bright red and good in quality for either dessert or culinary uses. It is in season from October to early winter or mid-winter. In ordinary storage its commercial limit is October, but in cold storage it may be kept till January or later. It does not stand heat very well before going into storage, and goes down rather quickly (41). Young trees or trees which are making a thrifty growth produce fruit of good size, but mature, slow-growing trees are apt to yield a considerable percentage of undersized fruit, especially when they are overloaded, as is often the case. The crop ripens unevenly, and more than one picking should be made in order to secure the fruit in prime con- dition. If it is left upon the tree till fully colored there is apt to be considerable loss by dropping. The tree is a good thrifty grower when young, but with maturity it becomes a moderate or rather slow grower, forming a medium-sized or rather dwarfish tree. Wealthy is being planted for commercial purposes in many parts of the state, but in most localities the trees are as yet com- paratively young; in some sections of the state it is being planted 228 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 3 more than any other apple of its season. Trees that have become old enough to develop the tendency to produce rather small fruit are in some places being grafted over to other sorts. In other places fruit growers, by adopting such treatment as thinning the fruit and keeping the soil fertile, continue to produce apples of good marketable size when the trees are mature. Historical. Originated by Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minn., from seed of the Cherry Crab, which he obtained about 1860 from Albert Emerson, Bangor, Me. (11, 28). Ragan (42) states that the fruit was first described in the Western Farmer in 1869. It has been extensively disseminated, par- ticularly in those apple-growing districts where a tree of superior hardiness is especially desired. It is generally listed by nurserymen and its cultivation is gradually increasing. TREE. Tree somewhat dwarfish to medium size, moderately vigorous with short, moderately stout, curved branches. Form upright spreading or roundish, open and somewhat drooping. Twigs long, curved, slender; internodes long. Bark dark brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Leniicels quite numerous, medium to small, oblong, not raised, rather conspicuous. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit above medium to large when well grown but often small on old trees; pretty uniform in shape and quality but more or less uneven in size. Form roundish conic, slightly flattened at base, regular, symmetrical. Stem usually short to medium, but rather long on small fruit and rather slender. Cavity decidedly acuminate, rather deep, moderately narrow to rather broad, russeted. Calyx medium size, closed or partly open; lobes broad, obtuse to acute. Basin medium in depth to rather shallow, rather narrow, abrupt, smooth, symmetrical. Skin thin, tough, pale yellow or greenish, blushed and marked with narrow stripes and splashes of red, deepening in highly colored specimens to brilliant red, very attractive. Dots numerous, small, inconspicuous, pale or russet. Prevailing effect bright red. Calyx tube conical approaching funnel-form. Stamens median. Core medium to very small, axile or sometimes slightly abaxile; cells symmetrical, slightly open; core lines clasping. Carpels medium to rather small, roundish, narrowing toward base and apex, smooth, flat. Seeds mod- erately dark brown, above medium, rather acute. Flesh whitish sometimes stained with red, moderately fine, crisp, tender, very juicy, agreeable subacid, sprightly, somewhat aromatic, good to very good. Season October to January. THE APPLES. OF NEW York. 239 WESTERN BEAUTY. REFERENCES. 1. Gardeners’ Monthly, 1861:124 (cited by 2). 2. Kenrick, Mag. Hort., 29:73. 1863. fig. 3. Warder, 1867:464. fig. 4. Downing, 1869: Som Sev., 187237 app. 6. Am. Pom: Soc, Cat, 1877. 7. Barry, 18833356. 8. Thomas, 1885:528. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:252. 10. Burrill and Mc- Cites Sia. Bul. 45-3455 1600: SynNonyMs. BerAutTy oF THE WEsT (4). Beauty of the West (10). Big Rambo (3, 5). Musgrove’s Cooper (3, 4, 5). Onto BrautTy (1). Ohto Beaty (354, 5). WESTERN BEAUTY (2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10): The three varieties, Western Beauty, Grosh and Summer Rambo, resemble each other so closely in fruit that it is practically impossible to distinguish the one from the other from the examination of the fruit alone. The Sum- mer Rambo, however, ripens about a month earlier than the other two varieties and it can consequently be readily distinguished in the orchard. Pomologists are in doubt as to whether the Grosh and Western Beauty are two distinct varieties or the same variety under two names. We have been unable to obtain sufficient evidence to determine this point. For a technical description of the fruit, see Grosh, page 89. Hyde King was received here for testing under the name Western Beauty and consequently is referred to under that name erroneously in some pub- lished accounts of its record at this Station. See Volume I, page 166. Historical. Origin unknown. First introduced to notice by William F. English of Rhinehart, Auglaize county, Ohio (1, 2). WHITE ASTRACHAN. REFERENCES. I. Pom. Mag., 2:No. 96. 1829. col. pl. 2. London Hort. NGemGaip 1o3t-No. 32.3. Hloy-kindley, 1833-6. 4. Mag, Hort. 1:301, 302. 1835. 5. Manning, /b., 7:52. 1841. 6. Downing, 1845:78. 7. Emmons, Nat. sae Yee 317. VSS. 8. Miliott, 18547179). 9.. Warder, 1867:735. Io. eroy, 1873):79) we. Ir. Vhomas, 1875:516. 12. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt. 1:9. 1876. 13. Ib., 5:23. 1879. 14. Hogg, 1884 :238. 15. Wickson, 1889 :243. LOMAneom. SoG, Cat, 1889-14. 17. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:113. 10903. SYNONYMS. ASTRACAN BLANCHE (10). Astracan d’Ete (10). Astra- camscher Sommer (10). ASTRACHAN WHITE (2). Blanche Glacee d’Ete (10). De Glace d'Ete (10). De Glace Hative (10). De Moscovie d’Ete Gon Gelccud2icn Gon Glace de Zelande (G, 2.3.6.7, 8, 10). Glacee dEte (10). Nahwi Jabloky (10). Pomme Astrachan (3). Pomme d’Astrachan (2). Pyrus Astracanica (1, 2,6, 7). Taffitai (10). Transparent Apple (14). Transparente de Astracan (10). Transparente d’Ete (10). Transparente de Zurich (10). Transparente de Muscovie d’Ete (10). Trans- parent Muscovie (7). Transparent de Muscovie (1, 2, 3, 6, 8). WHITE ASTRACAN (1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 15). White Astracan (10). Wuite ASTRACHAN (OG, & O) Wy 1, 2, GA, 1, 507). A Russian apple of little or no value for this region. Fruit medium size, roundish to roundish oblate, waxen yellow or whitish with faint streaks of red; flesh white, acid, good for culinary use; season August and September (6, 17). 240 THE APPLES OF NEw York. Historical. It has been known in this country for many years (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). It was not entered on the catalogue of the American Pomological Society till 1889 (16) and was dropped from that list in 1891. It is practi- cally unknown in New York. WHITE JUNEATING. REFERENCES. 1. Am. Gard. Cal., 1806:584. 2. Coxe, 1817:100. fig. 3. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 612. 4. Floy-Lindley, 1833:3. 5. Mag. Hort., 1:326. 1835. 6. Downing, 1845:78. fig. 7. Thomas, 164q-1eene- 8. Cole,. 1849:07. 9. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N- Y., 3-172 285i eee 1854 :162. 11..Hooper, 1857:20. 12. dm. Pom. Soc. Cai, 1802) )ea een culturist, 21:292. 1866. fig. 14. Warder, 1867:417. 15. Fitz, 1872:143, 151, 161. 16. Hogg, 1884:117. 17. Wickson, 18892242. 185 Bronem emeemens- Bul., 182:23. 1903. 19. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :200. | Synonyms. Bracken (8, 11, of Ohio 7). Carolina (10). Carolne (10). Early Jenneting (16). Early May (10, ?14). Gennetting (17). GINETTING (1). Ginetting (16). Jenneting (2). Jennetting (17). JOANETING (16). Juneateing (1). JUNEATING (4). Juneating (6, 8, 10, II, 14, 16). JUNETING (2). Juneting (16). Owen's Golden Beauty (3, 6, 10, 16). Primiting (16). WHite JUNEATING (3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, £3, 15) 17 tom ten mmo ee Juneating (16). Yellow May (18, 19). Yellow June (14). This apple has little to recommend it except that it ripens very early in the season. It is small, roundish oblate, pale yellow, sometimes faintly blushed and has white, crisp, pleasant subacid flesh which becomes mealy if kept only a few days after it ripens. The tree is not large, only a moderate grower and not a great bearer (6, 8, 16). Historical. Hogg (16) gives the following interesting account of the history of this apple and the probable derivation of the name Juneating: “One of our oldest apples, and although generally known and popular, seems to have escaped the notice of Miller, who does not even mention it in any of the editions of his Dictionary. As I have doubts of this being the Geneting of Parkinson — his figure being evidently intended for the Margaret, which in some districts is called Joaneting —the first mention we have of this variety is by Rea, in 1665, who describes it as ‘a small, yellow, red-sided apple, upon a wall, ripe in the end of June.’ ““ Juneating, as applied to this apple, is quite a misnomer. Abercrombie was the first who wrote it June-eating, as if in allusion to the period of its maturity, which is, however, not till the end of July. Dr. Johnson, in his Dictionary, writes it Gineting, and says it is a corruption of Janeton (Fr.), signifying Jane or Janet, having been so called from a person of that name. Ray! says, ‘Pomum Ginettinum, quod unde dictum sit met latet. Indeed, there does not seem ever to have been a correct definition given of it. “My definition of the name is this. In the Middle Ages, it was customary to make the festivals of the Church periods on which occurrences were to take place or from which events were to be named. Even in the present day we hear the country people talking of some crop to be sown, or some other last. Plant, ii, 1447. THE ApPLES:OF NEW YorK. 241 to be planted, at Michaelmas, St. Martin’s, or St. Andrew’s tide. It was also the practice for parents to dedicate their children to some particular saint, as Jean Baptiste, on the recurrence of whose festival all who are so named keep it as a holiday. So it was also in regard to fruits, which were named after the day about which they came to maturity. Thus, we have the Margaret Apple, so called from being ripe about St. Margaret’s Day, the 20th of July; the Magdalene, or Maudlin, from St. Magdalene’s Day, the 22d of July. And in Curtius! we find the Joannina, so called, ‘Quod circa divi Joannis Baptiste nativitatem esui sint.. These are also noticed by J. Baptista Porta; he says, “Est genus alterum quod quia circa festum Divi Joannis maturiscit, vulgus Melo de San Giovanni dicitur.? And according to Tragus, ‘Que apud nos prima maturantur, Sanct Johans OUpfell, Latine, Preecocia mala dicuntur.’ “We see, therefore, that apples were called Joannina because they ripened about St. John’s Day, and we have among the old French pears Amiré Joannet — the ‘Wonderful Little John, which Merlet informs us was so called because it ripened about St. John’s Day. If, then, we add to Joannet the termination ing, so general among our names of apples, we have Joannet- mg. There can be no doubt that this is the correct derivation of the name of this apple.” WHITE SPANISH REINET TE, REFERENCES. 1. Pom. Mag., 3:No. 110. 1830. col. pl. 2. Floy-Lindley, 78493-0103. Downing, 1845-130. 4. Emmons, Nat: Hist. N. Y., 3:88. 1851. Platt 1854-102, 6. Downing, 1869:404. 7. Lefroy, 1873:660. fig. 8. thomas 1675-231. 9. Elogg, 1884:1900. 10. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890 :300. Synonyms. American Fall Pippin (9). Belle Joséphine (9). Blanche (7). Blanche d’Espagne (7). Camuesar (1, 6,9). Camoisas du roi dEs- pagne (7). Camoise Blanche (7). Camoisée Blanche (7). Camuezas (7). Camuzar (7). Cobbett’s Fall (1) err. Cobbeti’s Fall Pippin (2, 3, 6, 7) err. Concombre Ancien (1, 2,5, 7,9). De Ratteau (1, 2,5, 7,9). D’Espagne (1, 2, Ou) lean Pippin (6). Episcopale (7): “Fall Pippin (i, 2, 3, 7 ert. 6) err. Joséphine (9). Large Fall (1). Large Fall Pippin (2, 3, 6,7). Phila- delphia Pippin (7). Reinette A Gobelet (7). Retnette Blanche (7). REINETTE BLANCHE D’ESPAGNE (3, 9). Reimette Blanche d’Espagne (1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8). REINETTE DESPAGNE (7). Retette d’Espagne (1, 6, 9). Reinette Tendre (7). Saint-Germain (7). WHITE SPANISH REINETTE (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10). White Spanish Reimette (3, 7,9). York Pippin (7). This variety belongs in the group with Fall Pippin and Holland Pippin. It resembles Fall Pippin in the growth of the tree as well as in the color and character of the fruit, but is less regular in shape and keeps later (3, 6). Season here October to January or February; Hogg gives its season in 1 Hortorum, p. 522. 2 Hist., p. 1043. 242 THe Apples OF NEW YorRK. England as December to April (9). Lyon gives its season in Michigan as October to January (10). Historical. This is an old European variety which has long been culti- vated in Spain, France and England (1, 2, 3, 6, 7,9). It was early imported into this country and is perhaps the parent of our Fall Pippin and Holland Pippin (6). According to Lyon (10) it is seldom seen under its own name. It appears to be but little cultivated in New York having been superseded by other varieties. FRUIT. Fruit very large. Form roundish oblate or inclined to oblong, angular, uneven at the crown where it is nearly as broad as at the base (3, 6, 9). Stem short. Cavity narrow, rather small, regular. Calyx large, open. Basin deep, broadly angular, irregular, oblique. Skin smooth, waxy, yellowish-green, with orange tinge and brownish-red blush on the exposed cheek. Calyx tube conieal. Stamens marginal. Cells open, obovate. Flesh yellowish-white, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, very good for either dessert or culinary purposes. Season October to January or February. WILLIAMS. REFERENCES. I. Kenrick, 1832:29. 2. Manning, 1838:49. 3. Jb., Mag- FHort., 7:51. 1841. 4. Downing, 1845:79: 5. Hovey, Mae salon saeuns: 1848: fig. 6. Goodrich, 1849:51. 7. Cole, 1849:100. fg, 96: hommas 1645) TA2... fig. Qg. Waring, 1851 :32.- fig. 10. Barry,” 1852262 eats: Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:12. 1851. 12. Elliott, 1854 163. 133 on eos 1854. 14. Hooper, 1857:100. 15. Warder, 1867 :618, 736: 16. Butz; 9872-208- 17. Montreal Hort: Soc. Rpt., 1879:20: 18. Ja. Hori) Soc ep e eee saz 19. Hogg, 1884:243. 20. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:300. 21. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:252. 22. Hoskins, Rural N. V., 53):2489 t6o4n seseeneack N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt 14:255. 1805. 24. Gard. and For 8-248) eggs 25. Can. Hort., 20:183. 1897. 26. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:357. 27; Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:312. 1901. 28. Budd-Hansen, 2903-203: fig. , Synonyms. Lady's Apple (5). Queen (5).. WitttaAMs (1, 5, 6, 7, 12, 20, 26, 27). Williams (7,8). Williams Early (5, 12, 15,19). Wiliams Early Red (7, 12). WitrtAms PAvorite (3, 8-0) 10) 11) 135 Tas one oes 22, 23, 24, 25). Walliams Favorite (5, 7, 12, 27). Walliams Favorite Ked (5, 8, 12). Wiutiiams Favorite (28). WuLt1Ams Favourite RED (2). WIL- LIAMS Favourite (4,19). Walliams Red (8, 12, 19). Williams is a very beautiful, bright red apple of mild agreeable flavor, good for dessert but not suitable for culinary uses. It is a favorite in Boston and other eastern markets, and is grown to a limited extent for commercial purposes in some portions of Eastern New York. It does not stand shipping very well, the skin being SAVITHM t ip a. . ‘S 3 = sth niet) oa es SAS ES : i : 5 ae ; 3 oe man - ~= SS ARI mi a So era ae pray Cayman VN nS Vee OS ne Te Sy en ig A SE eA ET Tria ome aS og ene pe ate Be En FS BE Tue Apples OF NEW York. 243 thin, tender and easily bruised, therefore best handled in small packages. It is in season during late August and early September. Under favorable conditions the fruit becomes rather large, but with very heavy crops it is apt to be rather small unless properly thinned. The crop ripens unevenly, and more than one picking is required ta secure the fruit in prime condition. The tree being only mod- erately vigorous, it is an advantage to topwork it upon some thrifty hardy stock, such as Northern Spy, Rhode Island Greening, or Tolman Sweet. When topworked in this way the Williams becomes a rather vigorous grower, makes a tree of pretty good size, comes into bearing early and in favorable locations, under good treatment, is a reliable cropper, yielding good crops annually or nearly anually. It can be recommended for commercial planting where fruit of this type and season is desired. Historical. Walliams originated in Roxbury, Mass., more than 150 years ago. It was brought to the notice of the Massachusetts Horticultural So- ciety in 1830 and then named Williams. It had previously been known in market under the name Queen and Lady’s Apple (5). It was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in 1854 and is still retained on that list (13). It has become widely disseminated and is still often listed by nurserymen (21) but is nowhere being planted to any con- siderable extent. TREE. Tree rather small and a slow grower but when topworked on vigorous stock and properly tilled and fertilized it becomes rather large and vigorous. Form upright spreading or roundish, somewhat dense. Twigs short, curved, moderately stout, with large terminal buds; internodes short. Bark dark brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubes- cent. Lenticels quite numerous, small to medium size, oblong, raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. FRUIT. Frwit medium or under favorable circumstances rather large, pretty form in size and shape. Form oblong conic to roundish conic, broadly ribbed; sides often unequal. Stem medium to long, moderately thick. Cavity obtuse, shallow, rather broad, furrowed, sometimes russeted. Calyx above medium size, usually closed; lobes long. Basin medium to rather shallow, rather narrow to moderately broad, a little abrupt, somewhat furrowed. Skin moderately thick, rather tender, nearly smooth, pale yellow overlaid with bright deep red, indistinctly striped with dark red or crimson. Dots numerous, inconspicuous, small, grayish or russet. 244 THE APPLES OF NEW YorK. Calyx iube long, narrow, funnel-shape or approaching cylindrical, some- times extending to the core. Stamens marginal. Core medium to rather large, axile; cells closed or slightly open; core lines clasping. Carpels ovate to roundish. Seeds above medium, rather nar- row, long, moderately plump, acute or nearly acuminate, dark brown. Flesh sometimes tinged with red, firm, a little coarse, moderately crisp, tender, rather juicy, becoming dry when overripe, pleasant mild subacid, aromatic, good. Season late August and September. WILLIS SWEET. REFERENCES. 1. Mag. Hort., 18:491. 1852. 2. ? Elliott, 1854:1709. 3. Hicks, Horticulturist, 21:361. 1866. fig. 4. Warder, 1867:635. 5. Downing, 1869: 408. fig. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1869. 7. Thomas, 1875-510ssesmeatley. An. Hort., 1892 :252. Synonyms. Pear Lot (5). Pear-Tree Lot (5). Wutttis SwEEt (2,4, 5, 6, 7, 8) WHELTS SS WEEEINGI(Cl3)) A rather large sweet apple in season in late summer and early autumn. According to Downing the tree is a good grower and productive; the fruit . whitish with shade of light red washed with crimson; flesh crisp, juicy, tender, rich, sweet, very good; valuable for dessert, for culinary purposes and for market (5). Historical. A chance seedling that originated at Oyster Bay, Long Island, about 1800, on the farm of Edmond Willis. It first had the local name of Pear- tree Lot or Pear Lot. Later it was named Willis Sweeting by Parsons & Co., of Flushing, N. Y. (3). In 1869 it was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society (6), but was dropped from that list in 1899. It is still occasionally listed by nurserymen (8) but is now seldom planted. It is not generally known in New York. WINE RUBETS. REFERENCES. 1. Budd; Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:7. 2. Beachy aes Sia. An. Rpt., 12:600. 1803. 3. Ib., 12:603. 1803. 4. Ragan U.S eee ule 56 :337. 1905. SYNONYMS. Cut WINE (2). Cut Wine (G3, 4). Noo 20 Ge): Rubets Vinogradnui (4). Rubets vinogradnui (1). Rubezs vuinogradnu (4). VINOGRAD (1). Vinograd (3). WINE RUBETS (3, 4). Fruit below medium size, nearly symmetrical, covered with delicate bloom. Skin green, lightly shaded with red and with a crimson cheek. Basin shallow, wrinkled. Stem medium length, slender, set in a deep cavity. Flesh mild subacid, fair to good in quality. Begins to ripen here about the Ist of August. Not recommended for planting in New York. Historical. A Russian apple imported by the United States Department of Agriculture. It was received here in 1888 from Dr. T. H. Hoskins, New- port, Vt., under the name Cut Wine. WOLF RIVER THE APPLES OF NEw York. 245 WINTHROP GREENING., REFERENCES. I. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 12:475. 1846. 2. Cole, 1849:104. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1854. 4. Mag. Hort., 21:63. 1855. 5. Downing, 1857: 204. 6. Warder, 1867:737. 7. Thomas, 1875:209. 8. Downing, 1881:11 index, app. 9. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:300. 10. Burrill and McCluer, //]. Sta. Bul., 45:347. 1806. SynonyMs. Howe Apple (2, 5). Kennebec Seedling (8). Lincotn (1). LincoLtn Pippin (4). Lincoln Pippin (2, 5). WINTHROP GREENING (2, 3, 5, Gure. 9; 10). Fruit yellow, tinged with red, of good size and good quality; season September to early winter. The flesh is tender, crisp, very juicy, sprightly, mild subacid (2). The tree is a shy bearer. Historical. Originated in Winthrop, Me., about the year 1800 (1, 2). It was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in 1854 (3) and dropped from that list in 1897. It is but little known in New York. WOLF RIVER, FABEERDINGES=@ 0 1-0)1/15. Elon Soc. Rpt., 1875-107. 2. fa. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879 :452. 3. Budd, /b., 1880:524. 4. Downing, 1881:113 app. 5. Am. Pom. S7GuGOrRpt66L..0, 6.. Barry, 1883-357. 7. Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886:148. Some Demann Ones. Poms Kpt, T880:271. te. 9. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., eG 720s mtOn OU. OK, 11:0: 1686. 1%. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:253. 12. Caiiloris 10-34.) 1893." 13. 1b. 20:34. 1807: 14. Thomas, 1897 :286. fg. 15. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bul., 61:32. 1897. 16. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. AimiepinO 232. 1600, 17. Can. Hort., 22:121; 437. 1800. figs. 18. Woolver- LoMmmOn ei Os. An. Iept., 7:0, 1000: gs. 9. Waugh, Vt Sta. An. iinet tOOL | 20, itansen, S. 2 Sia. Bul. 76:16; 1902. fg. 21. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:56. 1902. 22. Budd-Hansen, HOOSEZO7 To 234 howell and Fulton, U.S: B. PP. I. Bul, 48:61. 10903. 2embeaciand Clark, Ni VY. Sta. Bul. 248 :1s5i. 190d. Synonyms. None. This is a variety of the Aport group. It resembles Alexander very closely in size, form, and color. Hansen states (20) that it is “supposed to be a seedling of the Alexander, which it sometimes resembles, but is more round and less conical, and averages larger, as grown in the West. The Wolf River has largely superseded Alexander in the western states. Tree a strong spreading grower, not an early bearer, but productive in alternate years.” As fruited at this Station it is in season from September to December, with October as the commercial limit in ordinary storage. In cold storage it may be held till January. It does not stand heat well, 246 THE APPLES OF NEW York. and goes down quickly (24). The tree is very hardy and a good grower, and is a biennial or sometimes annual cropper, yielding moderate to good crops. The fruit, being large, shapely and highly colored, often sells well because of its attractive appearance; some fruit growers are finding it a profitable variety. Historical. Originated by W. A. Springer, near Wolf River, Fremont county, Wis., hence its name. It was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in 1881 (5). It is frequently listed by nurserymen (11). Within recent years it has been planted to a limited extent in New York state and at the present time its cultivation is probably increasing somewhat. TREE. Tree large, moderately vigorous. Form much spreading, open and in- clined to droop. Twigs short, straight, slender; internodes short. Bark brown, tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubes- cent. Lenticels scattering, small, round, not raised. Buds small, plump, obtuse to acute, free, slightly pubescent. FRUvuIT. Fruit large, uniform in size and fairly uniform in shape. Form broad and flat at the base and somewhat inclined to conic or roundish, often some- what irregular. Stem short to medium, rather thick, not exserted. Cavity acuminate, usually deep, rather wide and very heavily russeted: Calyx medium to large, open or closed. Basin medium to deep, moderately nar- row, abrupt, usually smooth, somewhat broadly furrowed. Skin rather thick, pale bright yellow or greenish, mottled and blushed with bright deep red and marked with conspicuous splashes and broad stripes of bright carmine. Dots numerous, medium to rather large, areolar, depressed, pale or russet. Calyx tube conical. Stamens median to basal. Core below medium to rather large, somewhat abaxile; cells closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly cordate, approaching elliptical, slightly emarginate, somewhat tufted. Seeds dark» brown, of medium size, rather wide, short, moderately plump, obtuse. © Flesh slightly tinged with yellow, firm, moderately coarse, tender, juicy, subacid, a little aromatic, fair to good. Season September to December. WORKAROE, REFERENCES. 1. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 8:349. 1889. 2. Beach, Jb., 11 :588. 1892. Synonyms. None. A Russian apple of good size, pale yellow, blushed and striped with red and overspread with pinkish bloom. Flesh firm, crisp, tender, juicy, rather (azI§ peonpay) FOUVMYOM = ke bia . ? = z Tees THE Apples OF NEW YorRK. 247 mild subacid with an agreeable but not high flavor and good quality. It is a good apple but hardly equal to other varieties of its season. The tree does not come into bearing very young but is a pretty good grower and eventually a good cropper yielding full crops biennially. Received in 1884 from Ellwanger and Barry, Rochester, N. Y., for testing at this Station. YELLOW CALVIEPE, REFERENCES. 1. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:17. 2. Gibb, dm. Pom. SaeiepE 5887-48. 3. Beach and Paddock, N. Y. Sia.-An. Rpt., 13:584- 1894. 4. Beach, W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 41:50. 1896. 5. Ragan, U. 5. Pelee Bile, 56245, 353. 1905. Synonyms. Kalvil jeltui (2, 5). Kalville scholti (1, 2, 5). No. 442 (1, 2, 2 5). Voronesh No. 21 (3). YELLOW CALVILLE (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). An August apple, medium to rather small, smooth, pale yellow, some- times with faint blush, oblate to oblate conic. Cavity acute, wide, rather shallow; calyx closed; basin shallow, slightly wrinkled; flesh white, fine- grained, tender, moderately juicy, subacid, fair or sometimes good. The tree comes into bearing moderately young and is nearly an annual cropper. Not recommended for cultivation in this state being much inferior to standard sorts of its season. Historical. This is a Russian apple, being No. 442 of the importation of the United States Department of Agriculture of 1870 (3, 5). Later it was im- ported by the Iowa Agricultural College under the designation Voronesh No. 21 (1). In 1888 it was received for testing at this Station from Dr. T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vt. It is practically unknown in New York. YELLOW TRANSPARENT, REFERENCES. I. Leroy, 1873:846. fig. 2. Budd, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880: 522) a Downing, 1881:1i4 app. fig. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat:, 1881:16. 5. Webster, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 7:54. 1881. 6. Gibb, Jb., 7:154. 1881. Puello. Soc. Kp. 1883:437. 8. Barry, 1883:336. 9. Hoskins, Rural IV. Y., 43:051. 1884. fig. 10. Penhollow, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 10:65. Peete nomas, 18852530. 12: Rural N. V:., 44:185, 200: 1885. 13. Gibb, Monirecel Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:14. 14. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., ms TeO2 seth. ieural Ne VY. 46:107,' 201, 382. 1887. fig. 16. Can. Hort., BEeZOy 223 Lose. 17. Pisk; Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 14:33. 1880. 18. Can. Hort., 13:121, 132, 216, 272, 301. 1890. 19. Hamilton, Montreal Hort. Naemiapien es BS5)-276 ToQO) 920. (Can, Hort, 152281. 18092. “21. Bailey, An. PAOde beg? 253422. Budd, la, Sia Bul. 10):5355 1802. 23: Pa. Sta. Rpt, 1892:110. fig. 24. Hoskins, Gard. and For., 7:138. 1894. 25. Woolverton, Cte Sias An, Ip, 2:11. 1805. figs. 26. Van Deman, Rural N. Y., 55 :013. 1806. 27. Hoskins, [b., 56:156. 1897. 28. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. SimswAne lept A275. 1807. gs. 29. Waugh, Vi. Sta. Bul 61:32. 1807. 30. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bul., 130:122. 1901. 31. Waugh, Vt. Sia. An. Rpt., £4 -313. 1901. 32. Hansen, S. D: Sta. Bul., 76:1190. 1902. fig. 33. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:56. 1902. 34. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:85, 88. 1902. 35. Rural N. Y., 61:626. 1902. fig. 36. Budd-Hansen, 248 THe AppLtes OF NEw York. 1903 :213. fig. 37. Farrand, Mich. Ste. Bul., 205:47. 1003. 38. Bruner, NMG Stas Bulls .t82-27 1002) SyNonyMsS. De Revel (1). Grand-Sultan (1). Revelstone (1). Skwosnor ScHortor (7). Skwosnoi Schotoi (5). Transparente de Saint- Leger (1). TRANSPARENTE JAUNE (1). YELLOW TRANSPARENT (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 10, 20, 21,22) 23, 24025 62 megeea Ene: 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 30, 37, 38). Yellow Transparent (7). This is one of the best of the extra early apples, being excellent for culinary use and acceptable for dessert. It is not equal in qual- ity to Early Harvest, but it begins to ripen somewhat earlier and is a more reliable cropper, yielding good crops annually or nearly so. Generally speaking, it is grown in New York state for home use only, but in some places it is cultivated to a limited extent for market, particularly for local market. It is desirable for this pur- pose because it takes on a good clear yellow color before becoming overripe. On account of its delicate color and tender skin it shows bruises readily and must be handled with extra care. The crop ripens continuously through a period of three or four weeks, and two or more pickings are required in order to secure the fruit in prime condition. It begins to ripen in July, and continues in season in some cases till early September. On young or vigorous-growing trees the fruit may grow rather large, but on mature slow-growing trees, especially when they are overloaded, the fruit is apt to be below medium size unless thinned. The tree is a moderately vig- orous grower, hardy, healthy and comes. into bearing very young. In some portions of the West it suffers from twig blight (fire blight) but it appears to be quite free from this disease in New York. Historical. Imported from Russia by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1870. Its merits were first brought to notice in this country by Dr. T. H. Hoskins, of Newport, Vt. (9). It has been disseminated throughout the apple-growing regions of the country from the Atlantic to the Pacific and is now commonly listed by nurserymen (21). In New York its cultivation for home use is gradually increasing, and occasionally it is grown to a limited extent for market. TREE. Tree of medium size, moderately vigorous, with short, stout, crooked branches filled with short spurs. Form upright at first but becoming spread- ing or roundish and rather dense. Twigs short, curved, stout with large YELLOW TRANSPARENT THe Apples OF NEW York. 249 terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark conspicuously yellow or tawny, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, me- dium to small, oval or elongated, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. FRvuIT. Fruit medium or above medium, sometimes large, pretty uniform in shape and size. Form roundish ovate to roundish conic or oblate conic, slightly ribbed; sides, unequal. Stem medium to long, rather thick. Cavity acute or approaching obtuse, medium to deep, rather narrow, sometimes slightly lipped, sometimes russeted. Calyx medium size, closed; lobes medium in length, broad. Basin moderately shallow, rather narrow, somewhat abrupt, fur- rowed and slightly wrinkled. Skin thin, tender, smooth, waxy, pale greenish-yellow changing to an at- tractive yellowish-white. Dots moderately numerous, greenish and light colored, often submerged. Calyx tube cenical. Stamens marginal. Core medium to small; cells partly open to wide open; core lines clasp- ing. Carpels broadly ovate. Seeds medium size, rather wide, rather flat, obtuse to slightly acute. Flesh white, moderately firm, fine-grained, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid with a pleasant but not high flavor, good or sometimes very good. Season late July and August. YOPP, REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1857:205. 2. Horticulturist, 12:179. 1857. 3. WicndemerS07-737. 4. Hitz, 1872-175. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 1873. 6. Le TOVenoTso7i- 125. 7. Lhomas, 18752517. 8. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892-253. g. Clayton, Ala. Sta. Bul., 47:7. 1893. 10. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :213. Synonyms. Yopp (10). Yopp’s FAvorITE (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9). A southern apple of little value in New York. It originated in Georgia. In 1873 it was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological So- ciety (5). It is practically unknown in this state. As grown at this Station the fruit is medium to rather large, oblate conic to roundish conic, somewhat ribbed; stem short, slender; cavity acuminate, moderately wide, rather deep, usually russeted; calyx small, open; basin narrow, moderately deep to deep, abrupt, wrinkled. Skin light yellow usually with a dull red blush; dots numerous, small, russet. Calyx tube conical; stamens median. Core medium to small; cells partly open; core lines clasp- ing. Carpels broadly roundish, emarginate, somewhat tufted. Flesh whitish, somewhat tinged with yellow, moderately fine, tender, juicy, breaking, sub- acid, fair to good; season October and November. The tree is below medium size, a rather slow grower with spreading top. It comes into bearing moderately early and yields good crops biennially. YORK. A variety which is known to many in Central and Western New York under the name York Pippin is now called by 250 Tne AppLes oF NEw York. pomologists Golden Pippin, under which name it is described on page 78. It 1s an apple of the Fall Pippin group, laree mame yellow when fully ripe, often with a brownish blush on the exposed cheek. Fall Pippin has also been known to some under the name York Pippin. It is described on page 61. Both of these are distinct from the York which is a Massa- chusetts apple of medium size, pale yellow with shade of red, good to very good for culinary uses. Season October and November.! 1 Downing, 1869:420. Le GU2ELIES Orr INieyy WORK 251 SIBERIAN CRABAPPLES AND THEIR HYBRIDS AND OTHER CRABAPPLES. BAILEY CRIMSON. REFERENCES. I. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1871:50. 2. Montreal Hort. Soe. icpieete7Q:O0. 3. /0., 1884:38. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :234. SYNONYMS. BAILEY’s CrIMSON (2, 4, of New York 3). BAILEY’s CRIMSON Cras (1). In 1871 the Committee of the American Pomological Society on Native Fruits made the following report concerning this variety: ‘“‘ Originated with Wm. H. Bailey, Plattsburgh, N. Y. Tree vigorous, upright, very productive and very handsome. Enittemmediim or large for its class; roundish. inclining to conic; skin yellow, shaded over the whole surface with deep rich crimson; flesh similar to other Siberian crabs.” We have not seen this variety nor have we obtained any report concerning it from our correspondents. BRIER, RPBORENCHSI I. Icural IV. Ve 1670) (cited by 2). 2. Am: Pom, Soc. Rpt. Maelo Don Ming. 1672-30) app. 4. Wis. Gort Soc. Rpt., 1876:70. 5. KyvonmeVncetlont. Soc. Kept, 1881-322. 6. Barry, 1883:358. 7. Gibb, Mon- iM NOG ESOC GP i pe LOGA: 34. 8. Wefier S. DB. Sta. Bul, 23-141. 180%. g- Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:235. 10. Thomas, 1897:629. 11. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :216. fig. SYNONYMS. BriAR SWEET (1, 2, 9). Brier (11). Brier’s Sweet (4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Brier Sweet (11, erroneously 10). BriErR’S SWEET CRAB (3). VAN NWiiexe (10). Tree vigorous, hardy, comes into bearing rather young and is productive. Historical. Originated. with B. B. Brier, of Baraboo, Wis., as a result of the fertilization of the Siberian crab with the Bailey apple (3). FRvuITt. Fruit large. Form roundish to conic, ribbed. Stem long, slender. Cavity narrow, deep, russeted. Calyx small, closed or slightly open. Basin deep, narrow, abrupt, wrinkled. Skin pale yellow washed with lively red, striped with carmine, dotted and flecked with yellow and covered with thin, whitish bloom. Calyx tube conical to funnel-form. Stamens median. Core medium in size, axile or nearly so; cells closed. Flesh yellowish, rich, fine-grained, moderately juicy, pleasant, sweet, aro- matic, not astringent, good in flavor and quality. Season September and October. 202 THe APpLes oF NEw YORK. CHERRY, REFERENCES. I. Warder, 1867:715. 2. Downing, 1869:422. 3. Barry, 1883 :359. 4. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884:39. 5. Thomas, 1897:298. fig. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :217. SYNONYMS. CHERRY (2, 5, 6). CHERRY CRAB (1, 3, 4). Cherry is an old variety of unknown origin. The tree is a pretty good grower, particularly on light soils, attains considerable size and is quite a regular bearer. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with long, slender, curved branches. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs moderately long, straight, mod- erately stout; internodes long. Bark clear reddish-brown tinged with olive- green, mottled with scarf-skin especially at the tips; slightly pubescent. Lenticels very scattering, small, roundish, not raised. Buds prominent, me- dium to large, plump, acute, free, not pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit small. Form oblate or roundish, ribbed. Stem long to very long, slender, bracted. Cavity rather broad, shallow, obtuse to slightly acute, somewhat russeted. Calyx medium to large, usually closed or eventually deciduous. Basin wide, shallow, obtuse, wrinkled. Skin pale yellow nearly covered with bright red, often striped with car- mine and overspread with a thin bluish bloom. Dots distinct, numerous, large, whitish or russet. Calyx tube funnel-form. Stamens marginal. Core large, axile; cells closed. Carpels broadly roundish or elliptical, emarginate, mucronate. Flesh yellowish, rather coarse, juicy, crisp, mild subacid, somewhat astringent. Season last of August to October. CORAL. REFERENCES. 1. Warder, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 5:208. 1869. 2. Downing, 1869 :423. 3. Barry, .1883:350:° 4. N. Y. Sta. An, Ip) 2-35 eeo Synonyms. None. Fruit of pretty good size, brilliant color, sprightly subacid flavor, in season from October to February. The tree is a pretty good grower, rather spreading, comes into bearing early and 1s a reliable cropper yielding good crops annually. Historical. In 1869 Warder described this as No. 4 of the Marengo Winter Siberian crabapples received from Charles Andrews, Marengo, Ill. (1). It originated in the vicinity of Marengo (2). It is but little cultivated in New York: Fruit. Fruit medium size or above, about an inch and a half in diameter. Form roundish to somewhat oblong, regular. Stem medium to rather long, slender, bracted. Cavity somewhat acute, medium in width and depth, regu- THE Apples OF NEW York. 253 lar, tisuaily russeted. Calyx small, closed; lobes reflexed. Basin very shal- low, broad and obtuse, or none. Skin smooth, yellow, blushed with scarlet. Dots numerous, medium to small, gray or russet. Calyx tube long, narrow, funnel-form. Stamens median. Core medium to rather small, axile with narrow cylinder in the axis; cells closed or nearly so; core lines clasp the funnel cylinder. Carpels roundish ovate. Seeds compactly fill the cells; small to above medium, obtuse to somewhat acute, plump, dark. Flesh yellow, breaking, juicy, crisp, sprightly, mild subacid to nearly sweet. Season October to February. CURRANT. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1857:229. 2. Barry, 1883:359. 3. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:237. 4. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884 :30. SYNONYMS. CURRANT (2). CURRANT CRAB (I, 3). CURRENT CRAB (4). Pomme Groseille (1). Fruit small, borne in clusters; said to be hardier than Transcendent. Of no commercial value. The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing young and is productive. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with moderately long, slender, curved branches. Form upright spreading or roundish, open. Twigs long, curved, slender ; internodes short. Bark dark brown, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, roundish, slightly raised. Buds medium size, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit small or below medium. Form somewhat oblate, regular, uniform. Stem medium to long, rather slender. Cavity obtuse, rather deep, broad, symmetrical, frequently russeted. Calyx sometimes deciduous, medium size, closed; lobes rather narrow, acute. Basin rather deep, wide, abrupt, ob- scurely furrowed. Skin thin, tough, smooth, glossy, yellow, striped with brilliant red, over- spread with bluish bloom. Dots numerous, small, pele or whitish. Calyx tube broadly cone-shaped, short. Stamens marginal. Core medium to rather large, axile; cells closed; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish to elliptical, emarginate. Seeds light brown, medium to large, wide, somewhat obtuse. Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately fine, tender, dry, subacid, medium to poor. Season October and November. DARTMOUTH. REFERENCES. I. Barry, 1883:359. 2. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 15:277. 1696. 3. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bul., 143:200. 1807. 4. Farrand, [b., 205:47. NOOB 5) Kagan, UL SB. Pl, Buls 963363, 1905: Synonyms. None. 254 THe AppLes OF NEW York. Fruit large, brilliantly colored, good in flavor and quality. The tree is not a vigorous grower, comes into bearing rather early and yields full crops in alternate years. Historical. Origin New Hampshire (1). TREE. Tree a moderately vigorous or rather slow grower with moderately long, stout, crooked branches. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs short, curved, moderately stout; internodes skort. Bark clear brown, min- gled with olive-green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lenticels scattering, small, round, slightly raised. Buds rather prominent, medium to large, long, narrow, acute, free, slightly pubescent. FRvIT. Fruit medium to large. Form oblate or roundish oblate, ribbed. Stem long and slender, often bracted. Cavity acute, broad, deep, russeted. Calyx small; lobes long, reflexed. Basin rather broad, shallow. Skin pale yellow, almost entirely overlaid with bright red deepening to a dark red or purple on the exposed side, dotted with yellow and covered with a heavy bluish bloom. Calyx tube elongated cone-shape approaching funnel-form. Stamens marginal. Core large, abaxile; cells open; core lines clasping. Flesh yellowish, tinged with red next the skin, fine-grained, juicy, mild subacid, good in quality and flavor. Season August. EXCELSIOR. REFERENCES. I. //l. Hort. Soc. itpt., 1880. 2. Gideon, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885 :26. 3. Rural N. Y., 45:184. 1886. figs. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :238. 5. Beach and Paddock, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpit., 13:580. 1894. 6. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:73. 1896. - 7. luyon, U. S. Pom. Bul) 6 cGy Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:11. 9. Munson, Me. Sta. An. _Rpt., 18:83. fo02. 10. Thomas, 1903:348. 11. Budd-Hansen, 1903:218. 12. Farrand, Mich. Sia. Bul., 205:47. 19003. 13. Powell and. Fulton; U. S: By 2S siieeasean: 1903. SynonyMs. None. Fruit very Jarge for a crabapple being nearly as large as a medium sized apple. It is very attractive in appearance and excellent in quality for either dessert or culinary uses. As grown at this Station it appears to be one of the most desirable varieties of its class during early September, -aiiteeqceme good strong grower, hardy, healthy, comes into bearing rather young and yields full crops in alternate years. (€VYO) YOIST3A0X43 THE Apples OF NEW York. 255 Historical. Originated by Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minn. “It came from seed of Wealthy which had a chance to be crossed with the Cherry Crab and also the Oldenburg” (2). TREE. Tree large with long, moderately stout branches. Form somewhat flat and spreading, rather dense. Twigs short, curved, stout; internodes medium. Bark dark brown tinged with red; slightly pubescent. Lenticels quite nu- merous, medium size, oval, slightly raised. Buds medium to large, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit very large. Form roundish ovate to roundish oblate, symmetrical. Stem rather long and slender, sometimes bracted. Cavity small, acute or approaching acuminate, narrow, rather shallow, often slightly russeted. Calyx rather large, closed; lobes reflexed. Basin shallow, moderately broad, obtuse, furrowed. Skin smooth, yellow, shaded and splashed with red over much of its surface. Dots numerous, russet. Calyx tube wide, cone-shape. Stamens median or above. Core large, decidedly abaxile; cells unsymmetrical, wide open; core lines clasping. Carpels elongated ovate, sometimes tufted. Seeds above medium size, long, moderately narrow, acute, tufted. Flesh whitish, firm, a little coarse, crisp, juicy, subacid, with some Siberian crab flavor yet agreeable for dessert use, good to very good in quality. Season early September. FLORENCE, REFERENCES. I. Stark, Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886:233. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:134. 3. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bul., 118:50, 60. 1895. 4. Thomas, 1897 :208. 5. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bul., 152:219, 224. 1898. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :210. Synonyms. None. This variety seems to be very desirable. for commercial plant- ing because the trees commence bearing very young, are reliable croppers and very prolific and the fruit is of good size, very attractive in appearance and of good quality. Although not superior to Martha in quality, Florence is more beautiful and more prolific. Historical. Originated by Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minn. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous. Form at first upright spreading but eventually inclined to droop. Twigs long, curved, moderately stout; internodes long. 256 THe Apples oF New York. Bark bright reddish-brown, slightly tinged with olive-green, mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Buds large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, not pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit medium in size, uniform in size and shape. Form oblate, faintly ribbed. Stem very long, slender. Cavity acute, deep, medium in width, symmetrical, sometimes slightly russeted. Calyx variable, usually small, closed. Basin very shallow, rather wide, obtuse, slightly furrowed. Skin moderately thin, moderately tough, smooth, yellowish-white mostly overspread with brilliant pinkish-red, sometimes with whitish bands radiat- ing from the cavity, overspread with faint bloom. Dots minute, whitish. Calyx tube moderately long, moderately wide, varying from somewhat urn-shape to funnel-form. Stamens marginal. Core large; cells closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly obovate, emarginate, Seeds medium to rather small, moderately wide, flat, obtuse. Flesh tinged with yellow, coarse, crisp, rather tender, juicy, very brisk subacid, somewhat astringent, good. Season late August and early September. GIBB. REFERENCES. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884:35. fig. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:20. 3. Stark, Mio. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 1680-23 ea) eto Soc. Rpt., 1889 :22.. 5: Craig, Can; Hort., 15-225, 1602.0 ie. Oea e oun: Soc. Cat:, 1897:11.. 7. Thomas, 1897:208. fg 8: Farrand) iemsnamon. 205:47. 1903. 9: Powell and Fulton, U; S. 82 2) Vasa 7s Aco: 1o. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :219. fig. Synonyms. None. Fruit large, yellow blushed with dull red) it isenauner skinned and much less astringent than Hyslop with remarkably yellow flesh. It is highly esteemed for canning; season last half of September. It is recommended for the home orchard and is worthy of trial for commercial planting where a crabapple of its season is desired. The tree is a slow, spreading grower fairly hardy as far north as Montreal, very productive (5). Historical. Originated with George P. Peffer, Pewaukee, Wis., being a seedling of an oblate Yellow Siberian crab crossed with Fall Greening (SOE deonae (Ss. 9, iO) - Fruit large. Form roundish oblate. Stem short to medium length, thick. Cavity wide, deep, regular. Calyx medium size, open. Basin very wide, shallow, wrinkled. Skin thin, yellow, blushed with dull red, attractive. Dots white, minute. Flesh remarkably yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, pleasantly acid, a little astring- ent, sprightly. Season early. (aVdO) dOISAH THe AppLes oF New York. 257 HYSLOP. REFERENCES. 1. Warder, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 1869:206. figs. 2. Downing, eouge424). 3. Bitz, 1872-147. 4. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Kpt., 1876-21. 5. Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:110. 6. Barry, 1883:359. 7. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884:39. 8. Thomas, 1885:513. 9. Wickson, 1889 :2409. Rob aMlevamAne ort, 1862-241. 11. Munson, Me. Stay Kpt, 189337134. 12: Cee Siaebuie 272020. 1804. 13: Gan. Flort., 26:480. 1003. tgs. 4. Budd- Hansen, 1903 :220. fig. SmaNOMMuMise wicdistor (1).2 Hivsrop (@ 3 45,6, 7, 0, 10; Il, 12, 13, 14). Hystop’s Crap (8). Fruit large, very brilliantly colored, dark red or purplish over- spread with thick blue bloom; borne in clusters. The tree is a good grower, very hardy, and a reliable cropper yielding good crops biennially or in some cases annually. It is desirable both for home use and for market. Historical. Origin unknown. In 1869 Downing remarked: “This variety hasmepeen lone and pretty extensively cultivated” (2). It is commonly listed by nurserymen throughout the country (10). It is one of the best known and most widely cultivated of the crabapples. TREE. Tree vigorous or moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading, rather open. Jwigs long, curved, slender; internodes long. Bark olive-green, tinged with reddish-brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubes- cent near tips. Lenticels numerous, very conspicuous, greenish-yellow, medium to large, oblong. Buds exceptionally large and prominent, very long, narrow, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit above medium to large, very uniform in size and shape. Form roundish ovate or obovate, sometimes a little inclined to oblong, regular or obscurely ribbed, symmetrical. Stem rather short to very long, slender. Cavity acuminate, rather small, shallow, narrow to meditm in width, some- times furrowed, often slightly russeted. Cc/yx medium to large, closed; lobes medium to long, narrow, acuminate, reflexed. Basin shallow, medium to wide, distinctly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin clear pale yellow almost completely overspread with lively dark red shading to deep carmine or purplish carmine and covered with thick, blue bloom. Dots small, numerous, pale or gray. Calyx tube short, narrow, cone-shape to urn-shape. Stamens median. Core medium size, axile; cells symmetrical, closed; core lines meeting. Carpels elongated ovate, emarginate. Seeds small, narrow, short, plump, obtuse to acute, medium brown. Flesh yellow, sometimes with tinge of red next the skin, very firm, mod- 258 THe Apples OF NEw York. erately fine, at first jtiicy but eventually becoming dry and mealy, subacid, astringent, good for culinary purposes. Season late September and October. LARGE .RED SIBERIAN: REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1845:147. 2. Cole, 1849:137. 3. Fitz, 1872-147. 4. Barry, 1883:359. 5. Wickson, 1889:249. 6. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :243. Synonyms. None. This fruit is of medium size for a Siberian crab, being larger than Red Siberian, but smaller than either Transcendent or Hyslop. It is similar to Red Siberian in appearance and quality. The foliage is coarser than that of Red Siberian, and the tree is larger, being medium to rather large, a vigorous grower, erect or roundish, with long, slender twigs. It is very hardy, healthy, moderately long-lived, and a reliable cropper, yielding heavy crops biennially or some- times annually. It has long been known in cultivation, and is still listed by nurserymen (6), but larger and handsomer varieties of more recent introduction are generally preferred in market. FRUIT. Fruit of medium size, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish to roundish ovate, regular. Stem medium to long, slender. Cavity acuminate, shallow, moderately broad, often furrowed, usuaily russeted. Calyx medium size, closed; lobes long, narrow, acuminate. Basin shallow or none, obtuse, wrinkled, having mammuiform protuberances. Skin thin, tough, smooth, pale yellow, almost wholly overlaid with bright red and marked with obscure narrow stripes of dark red. Dots very small, light, inconspicuous. Calyx tube short, wide, urn-shape. Stamens median to marginal. Core medium size, axile; cells closed; core lines meeting. Carpels ovaze to obovate, emarginate. Secds glossy, dark brown, rather small, short, wide, obtuse. Flesh yellowish, very firm, subacid, astringent, good for culinary uses. Season September and October. LARGE YELLOW SIBERIAN. REFERENCES. 1. Warder, 1867:732. 2. Downing, 1869:425. 3. Barry, 1883:360. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :243. Synonyms. None. Fruit large, similar in size to Large Red Siberian, clear pale yellow with a shade of red in the sun, roundish approaching oblong truncate; season September and October. Tree upright, somewhat irregular in form, of me- (AVEO) NVIYSEIS Gay 39yuVy7 THe APPLES OF NEW York. 259 dium size, vigorous or moderately vigorous, very hardy, healthy, comes into bearing young and is very productive. It 1s generally superseded in market by larger varieties. MARENGO. IEBPRENGESIE Ty lott, Horticulturist, 235120, 1608, we 92. Warder, Mimmionwwe lori, 5-207. 16090. ng. 3. Downing, 1869:425.. 4. Morticul- Dus ZOo7a. loz. 5. lll, Hort. Soc. Rpt, 1877-112. 6. Ib., 1879-190. Fama 18932300: 8. Montreal Hort. Soc. Kpt., 1884:37. 9. Thomas, HOB SE22045I 74 10. bailey, An. Gort. 1892-244. 11. Me. Sta: pt, 1893 :134. 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :222. Swanonvansy NIARENGO (5, 6). MARENGO, CRAB (3, 7, 0, 10; II, 12). Marenco No. 1 (2, 8). Marenco WINTER Cras (1, 4). Marengo Winter Grab (2). Originated at Marengo, Ill. (3, 6). This is a good variety for home use where a late-keeping crabapple is desired, and some have found it a profit- able market variety but other varieties of its season which are more attractive Mmcoloreare generally preferred for commercial purposes. The tree, is of medium size, vigorous, spreading, very hardy, long-lived and a reliable cropper usually yielding heavy crops annually. The limbs are very tough and support heavy loads well. The fruit hangs well to the tree till very late in the season. It agrees well with the following description given by Warder (2): Fruit globular, truncate, regular, or slightly flattened on the sides, one of the largest of its class; surface smooth, yellow, blushed or covered with crimson; dots minute; basin shallow, folded; eye small, closed; cavity medium, regular; stem long; core large, closed, meeting the eye; seeds few, small, plump, light brown; flesh yellow, firm, rather juicy; flavor subacid, aromatic. Use, kitchen and dessert; quality, good; season, winter, and till spring in the North.” MARTHA, REFERENCES. I. ? Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:452. 2. [b., 1880:68. 3. Rural Gre AGe254, 18s0, wes. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. KRpt., 1887134. 5. Bailey, ii Hom a TSQ2 244. 6. Thomas, 1897:200. 7: Am. Pom. Soc! Cat., Meq7auie Sa Budd-riansen, 1903):222, 09. Kural N. V., 62):235. 1903. 10: Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:47. 1903. Synonyms. None. Fruit large, very handsome clear yellow more or less overspread with bright red; excellent in flavor and quality; one of the very best of its class for all culinary purposes. The tree is of medium size, moderately vigorous, roundish or spreading, very hardy, comes into bearing young, and is a reliable cropper, yielding good to heavy crops annually or nearly annually. The fruit hangs well to the tree, is uniform, reliable, and satisfactory in appearance and 260 THE Apples OF NEW York. quality. Season, September to late fall. It should be more gen- erally grown in New York. Historical. Originated with Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minn. It has as yet been grown but little in this state. . TREE. Tree medium in size, moderately vigorous. Form spreading, open and somewhat inclined to droop. wigs long, curved, slender; internodes long. Bark reddish-brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, not pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, small, oblong, not raised. Buds very prominent, large, long, acute, free, not pubescent. Leaves rather long, somewhat twisted and drooping. Fruit. Fruit usually rather large, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish or oblate, regular or very faintly ribbed, usually symmetrical; sides sometimes unequal. Stem long, slender. Cavity acute to somewhat obtuse, medium in depth to rather shallow, rather broad, sometimes furrowed, often thinly russeted. Calyx medium to small, closed or partly open, occasionally de- ciduous. Basin shallow, wide, obtuse, smooth. Skin moderately thin, tough, smooth, clear pale yellow almost entirely covered with an attractive bright light red overspread with bluish bloom; sometimes faint narrow stripes extend from the cavity to calyx. Dots rather numerous, light-colored, small to medium size. Calyx tube short, rather narrow, very small, conical or somewhat funnel- form. Stamens median to marginal. Core medium size, axile; cells closed or nearly so. Carpels roundish or somewhat obovate, slightly tufted. Seeds medium size, rather narrow, acute to acuminate. Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately coarse, crisp, juicy, rather brisk sub- acid, good to very good in flavor and quality. Season September to November. MINNESOTA. REFERENCES. 1. Gideon, Horticulturist, 27:244. 1872. 2. Gibb, 4m. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1883:125. 3. Ib., Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpi., 10:36. 1884. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:244. 5. Beach, N. Y. Sia. An. Rpt., 15:277. 1806. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903:223. 7. Thomas, 1903 :349. SYNONYMS. MINNESOTA CRAB (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). Minnesota (1). This variety originated in Minnesota. The fruit is very large for its class, roundish; skin pale yellow blushed or mottled on the sunny side and over- spread with thin whitish bloom; flesh white, firm, crisp, juicy, fine-grained, subacid to mild subacid or nearly sweet, slightly astringent. good. Season September and October. As grown at this Station the tree is of spreading form, moderately vigorous and not very productive. (AVYO) VHLYVIN itm APPERSTOn NE We VORK 261 MONTREAL BEAUTY, REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1869:425. 2. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., FOTO esl Ori SOG. Iept,, 1977-112 4. Barry, 1883-360. 5. Montreal LAOnieeSOc. Iept., 1884-390, 6. VWWickson;, 1889:240; 7.’ Bailey, An. Hort., r6Q2-244. 8. Mie) Sia: Rpt., 1893:134. 9. Thomas, 1897:200: 10. Budd- Hansen, 1903 :223. SynonyMS. Montreat (10). Montreal Beauty (10). MoNTREAL BEAUTY GrAEECr 2 3, 4, 5,060,758, 0). This very beautiful-fruit originated in Quebec and was propa- gated as early as 1833. Gibb (2, 5) states the tree is less hardy than that of Transcendent, but is strong, vigorous, rather large, at first very close and upright, does not come into bearing early, but bears heavily. The fruit is large for its class, oblong conic to roundish oblong and truncate, yellowish-green, mostly covered with red; flesh yellowish-white, tender, rather juicy, unless overripe, subacid, very slightly astringent; season, late September and October. It is well known in the vicinity of Montreal and other portions of Quebec. In the United States it is quite frequently listed by nurserymen (7), yet it is not generally known. OBLONG, REFERENCES. I. Desportes, Horticulturist, 6:507. 1851. fig. 2. Downing, 1869 :425. 3. Barry, 1883 :360. Synonyms. Baccata fructa oblonga (1). OBLONG-FRUITED SIBERIAN CRAB (2). Ostone SIBERIAN Crap (1, 3). Fruit medium size, oblong conic, yellowish-white, partly shaded with crim- son, striped with carmine and covered with thin bloom; stem very long, slender, usually bracted. This variety has been sparingly disseminated in New York but is now seldom or never planted here. It is not superior to other varieties of its season. ORANGE, REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1869:425. 2. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884 :36. fig. 3. Thomas, 1897:299. fig. 4. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :224. SynonyMs. None. A variety of American origin but littl grown in New York. Some regard it as a desirable variety for both home use and market. The tree is roundish, spreading, dwarfish, a moderate or rather slow grower, hardy, moderately long-lived and a reliable cropper yielding good to heavy crops annually. It comes into bearing rather young. Season September to No- vember. 262 THe AprLes oF New York JERE Ct, 170), Fruit medium size. Form roundish, slightly oblate. Stem very long, slender. Cavity open, deep, acute with trace of russet. Calyx closed. Basin very shallow or flat, wrinkled. Skin orange-yellow often netted with russet. Dots minute, white, obscure. Core open. Flesh light salmon-yellow, a little dry, rather mild subacid with sweet after-taste, good. Season September to November. PAUL IMPERIAL, REFERENCES. I. Ellwanger and Barry, Cat., 1888:14. 2. Thomas, 1897 :299. Synonyms. None. A September variety in season about with Transcendent; somewhat irreg- ular in shape; of very good general appearance but less attractive in size and color than Hyslop and inferior to Martha in quality. The tree is below medium size, comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable annual cropper. Historical. Introduced by Paul and Son, Cheshunt, England. A cross between the Red Astrachan and Siberian Crab (1). TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with short, stout, crooked branches having numerous small spurs. Form spreading, flat, open. Twigs olive-green tinged with brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium to large, oval, slightly raised. Buds large, prominent, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. FRvuIT. Fruit small to medium, uniform in size but not in shape. Form usually oblate, often irregularly elliptical, strongly ribbed; sides unequal. Stem long to medium, slender. Cavity obtuse ‘to acute, moderately deep, broad, furrowed, not russeted. Calyx large, closed, prominent, persistent; lobes long, moderately broad. Basin very shallow, wide, obtuse, furrowed and wrinkled and sometimes mammillate. Skin thin, rather tender, smooth, yellow, often entirely covered with dark bright red or with but little of the yellow ground color exposed, over- spread with blue bloom. Dots very small, numerous, indistinct, light. Calyx tube small, short, moderately wide, urn-shape. Stamens nearly marginal. Core rather large, axile or nearly so; cells closed or slightly open; core lines meeting. Carpels nearly roundish, narrowing toward apex, tufted. Seeds below medium size, moderately wide, acute, light brown. Flesh yellowish sometimes stained with pink, firm, moderately coarse, crisp, rather tough, juicy, brisk subacid, less astringent than Red Siberian, good. Season September and October. Sa (QVag0) ALNVsAd IWAYLNOW Tue Apples oF NEW York. 263 PICTA STRIATA., REFERENCES. 1. Ellwanger and Barry, Cat., 1888:14. 2. Beach, N. Y. Sta. Piieeicpiat2:001. 1803- 3. Ragan, U. S. B. PB. J. Bul, 50):370. 1905. SYNONYMS. PictTA STRIATA (1, 2). PieTA (3). Prieta Striata (3). Fruit handsome, rather mild in flavor; season late fall and early winter. It is hardly large enough for a good commercial variety. The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing rather late and is an annual cropper yield- ing moderate to good crops. Historical. Received from Ellwanger and Barry, Rochester, N. Y., in 1888 for testing at this Station. TREE. Tree rather large. Form upright spreading to roundish with rather droop- ing laterals. mgs long, curved, slender; internodes short. Bark clear brown, tinged with green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; shghtly pubes- cent near tips. JLenticels quite numerous, rather conspicuous, medium size, oval, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, acute, free, not pubescent. FRuIT. Fruit medium or above, uniform in size but not in shape. Form oblate or roundish oblate, irregularly ribbed. Stem long, slender. Cavity obtuse, medium to rather deep, medium to broad, compressed, smooth or nearly so. Calyx usually small, closed; lobes separated at base, long, medium in width, acute to acuminate. Basin shallow to medium in depth, medium in width, obtuse, nearly smooth. Skin thin, tender, smooth, rather glossy, pale greenish-yellow nearly cov- ered with crimson, blushed and striped with carmine. Dots indistinct, small, gray. Calyx tube moderately short, rather narrow, conical to urn-shape. Stamens marginal or nearly so. Core medium to large, axile; cells slightly open or closed; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish to elliptical, concave, deeply emarginate, some- times tufted. Seeds rather dark brown, medium size, wide, short, obtuse. Flesh tinged with: yellow, firm, a little coarse, tender, juicy, somewhat astringent, sprightly subacid, good. Season October to early winter. QUAKER, REFERENCES. I. Rural N. Y., 1870 (cited by 7). 2. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:247. 3. Thomas, 1897:299. 4. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bul., 152:224. 1808. 5. Farrand, /b., 205:48. 1903. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903:224. 7. Ragan, U. S. papi Bibl. 50.371. 1005. Synonyms. None. This variety has been disseminated more in the western states than it has in New York. It is but little grown here. Farrand (5) describes it as 264 THE APPLES OF NEW York. « late ripening variety of only fair quality, size medium to large; color yellow with a red cheek; tree handsome, vigorous but not very productive; season October. QUEEN CHOICE. REFERENCES. 1. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:247. 2. Ellwanger and Barry, Cat., 1894:15. 3. [Thomas, 1897:299. 4. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :224. SYNONYMS. QUEEN’S CHOICE (1, 2, 3). QUEEN Choice (4). This crab has a fruit which is medium or above, roundish conical, of a beautiful crimson color, showy and attractive; flesh whitish and of pleasant flavor and quality; season October; tree vigorous, very prolific (2, 3, 4). It is but little known in New York. RED SIBERIAN, REFERENCES. 1. Forsyth, 1803:57. 2. Coxe, 1817:106. 3. Fessenden, 1828 7120... 4. Kenrick, 1832:57. 5. /b., 1835:75. Ose Wowalneusese sty. 7. Thomas, 1849:158: 8. Cole, 1849:137. 9.-Batty, 1651226725080. ott 1854:157. 11. Gregg, 1857:62. fg. 12. Downing, 18609-(Zomeee een 1872:147. 14. Thomas, 1875:208. 15. Montreal Hort, SoguigitOes0: 1884. 16. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:300. 17: Bailey) An. Hore, 1892 :248.. 18. Lyon, U. S. Pom. Bul., 6:11, 1807. “19.7 buda-danscn 1903 :224. SYNONYMS. RED SIBERIAN (II, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19). RED SIBERIAN CRAB (5, 8G) 12) SIBERIAN CRABU(13225 3504) O,.72. 10 mio asia) Origin France (19). Fruit small, decidedly ornamental, borne in’ clusters. It is three-quarters of an) dache-o = ameeamelamend diameter, roundish oblate to somewhat oblong, irregularly ellip- tical; stem long and slender; cavity acute, medium in width and depth; calyx small to medium, often deciduous; basin but slightly depressed. Skin smooth, pale yellow striped and blushed with lively red and overspread with blue bloom; flesh subacid, astringent, good for culinary uses. Season September and October. SEP TEMBER, REFERENCES. 1. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1888:319. 2.-Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:602. 1803. Synonyms. None. A very handsome fruit of good quality for either dessert or culinary use. It ripens a few days later than Transcendent. NVIYSAEIS Gay TIVNS eR M CONS Ca di i Sed calhstinn + kal 7 WLP saa ce oe Y : ‘ 1 eco ear wel ~ JR, : ma wy ie) t ; - Wy, 4 ' ‘ { t ‘ @ é a 2 % X i i , . < . . e . ; 2 hg THE Apples oF, NEW York. 205 The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing young and yields full crops biennially. This is distinct from the September apple described by Down- ing.! Historical. Originated with Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minn, frem seed of Cherry Crab. In 1888 Mr. Gideon sent stock of this variety to this Station for testing. TREE. Tree vigorous, with short, stout, crooked and twisted branches. Form rather flat, spreading, open. wigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout with large terminal buds; internodes long. Bark clear brown, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels quite nu- merous, medium size, round, not raised. Buds prominent, large, long, plump, acute, free, not pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium to large for a crab, uniform in size but not in shape. Form roundish oblate to somewhat oblong, inclined to conic, frequently ribbed; sides usually unequal. Stem usually long and slender. Cavity somewhat cotuse, rather shallow to medium in depth, medium to broad, occasionally furrowed, sometimes russeted. Calyx medium to rather large, closed or partly open. Basin mammillate, very shallow to moderately deep, medium in width, slightly obtuse. Skin thin, tender, smooth, pale yellow or greenish, striped with red, in well colored specimens becoming nearly covered with dark red, overspread with bluish bloom. Dots small, scattering, inconspicuous, gray or brownish. Calyx tube rather short, medium in width, broadly funnel-form; pistil point persistent. Stamens median to nearly marginal. Core medium size, axile or slightly abaxile; cells closed or wide open; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish, elongated. Seeds variable in shape, medium size, moderately wide, rather short, acute to broadly acute, rather light dull brown. Flesh tinged with yellow, medium in grain, moderately tender, juicy, sub- acid, not astringent but with an agreeable crabapple flavor, good to very good in quality. Season September. SOULARD. REFERENCES. I. Soulard, Gard. Monthly, 10:199. 1868 (cited by 13). 2. Ib., Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1869:195, 260. 3. Downing, 1869:426. 4. Am. Pom. NO OGieetG71-6. 5. Soulard, Ill Hort. Soc, Rpt, 1873-201. 6. Montreal LOGE SOG pis 5:01, 1870, 7. Ib., 10:37. 1884, (8: Lhomas, 188572524- g. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:300. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :240. miEemmidd Amer Gard:, 14-244, -1893. 12. Thomas, 1897:204. fig. 13. Batley, Evol. Naitve Fruits, 1808:201. fig. 14. Craig, la. Acad. Sci, 7:130. 1899. pl. 15. Budd-Hansen, 1903:225. fig. Synonyms. None. 1 Downing, 1869:350. 206 ine Aperessor NEw York This is regarded by Bailey as a hybrid between the native prairie crab, Pyrus Ioensis, and the common apple, Pyrus malus (13), in which opinion he is supported by Craig (14). It is distinct from the Soulard apple. According to Soulard’s account (13) “it originated on a farm about twelve miles from St. Louis, Mo., where stood an American crab thicket not in- closed, near the farmhouse, about twenty-five years since. The thicket was cut down and the ground cultivated some two or three years; culture being discontinued, another crab thicket sprang up, and when bearing, one tree (the identical kind now called Soulard crab) was discovered. The fruit 2s- tonished me by its remarkably large size, being sent to me by a friend whose widowed mother, Mrs. Freeman Delauriere, occupied the farm. I im- mediately propagated it by grafting upon crab stock and upon our common seedlings. Upon both stocks producing the same fruit and thriving admir- ably, I disseminated it among my friends as a very desirable fruit, having nothing of the Siberian type. It is to me conclusive that this crab is the offspring of an accidental hybridization of the wild crab by our common apple. The tree, its foliage, habit, increased size of fruit and tree, and decreased acerbity, convince me it is a hybrid, and as far as I know, the first instance of such cross. “T consider it the most desirable of all crabs that I have seen. Adding sweetness, it is delicious baked. It makes most excellent preserves, being large enough to be quartered, and unsurpassed by any crab for jams, jellies, etc., imparting its delicate taste and rich crab aroma. The largest have measured over seven inches around. In form, color and smell it is like the common crab, and it hangs on the tree until destroyed by frost. It will keep two years, with common care, in a cellar, and will stand repeated freezing and thawing in a dark place. It is agreeable to many palates in the spring. “The tree is an immense grower in the nursery, coming early into fruit and making but little growth afterward, and is an immense and regular bearer. I have made some cider as clear as wine, with sugar or a quarter part of sweet apples. It will make delicious strong cider. Tree perfectly hardy, having stood the severest winters here and at St. Paul, Minn., for twenty- five years.” After giving the testimony of several observers with regard to the value of this hybrid for the Upper Mississippi valley Bailey concludes: “It is probable that too much was expected of the Soulard crab when it was first introduced, and that it afterward, suffered from the partial collapse. Such an array of apples has now been introduced into the cold Northwest — from the East, from Russia, offspring of the Siberian crab, and local seedlings of the common apple—that the Soulard crab and its kin have been ob- scuned = (a3)r The variety is still listed by some nurserymen (10). It is practically un- known in New York and has no value for this state. TRANSCENDENT., REFERENCES. 1. Horticulturist, 22:125. 1867. 2. Warder, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 5:205. 1869. fig. 3. Downing, 1869:426. 4. Todd, 1871:83. fig. 5. Fitz, (€VY¥O) LNAGNAOSNVYEL rt Oe ae ta eae ‘i et A : 7 al | J L | ‘ i { THE Apples oF NEw York. 267 1872:147. 6. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1:21. 1876. 7. Barry, 1883: 360. 8. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 10:39. 1884. 9. Wickson, 1889 :249. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:251. 11. Thomas, 1897:300. 12. U. S. Pom. Byles Os 1807, 13. Can, Hort, 26:480 1903. figs. 14. Budd Hansen, 1903 :226. fig. SYNONYMS. ‘TRANSCENDANT (5, 9, 10, 13). TRANSCENDENT (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, tl, 12, TA); This beautiful fruit has for many years been one of the most popular of the crabapples cultivated in this state. The tree is a good grower, roundish, spreading, hardy and usually very pro- ductive yielding good to very heavy crops nearly annually. It is in season from late August to the middle of September or a little later. Historical. The history of Transcendent seems to be unknown. Although our first reference to this variety is 1867, William Prince had it listed in his nursery catalogue as early as 1844.1 It seems to have been in the hands of nurserymen for years before it came to the attention of pomological writers, hence the obscurity in regard to its origin. TREE. Tree large with stout, curved and drooping branches. Form very spreading, drooping, rather dense. Twigs moderately long, curved, slender, with large terminal buds; internodes long. Bark brown, tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubesent near tips. Lenticels quite numer- ous, medium to large, oval, raised, conspicuous. Buds medium to large, rather prominent, plump, obtuse or slightly acute, free, slightly pubescent. FRvuIt. Fruit medium to rather large. Form roundish or roundish oblong, flat- tened at the ends, somewhat ribbed. Stem medium to long, rather stout, bracted. Cavity narrow, shallow, obtuse. Calyx large, closed; lobes long, leafy, reflexed. Basin shallow, wrinkled. Skin thin, clear bright yellow with bright red cheek, overspread with bloom. Highly colored specimens are nearly covered with bright red. Calyx tube conical. Stamens marginal. Core medium size; cells closed. Flesh yellow, crisp, juicy, moderately fine, somewhat astringent, subacid, very good for culinary uses. Season late August to the middle of September. VAN WYCK, REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1872:39 app. 2. Barry, 1883:360. 3. Montreal HOLE SOG pL a TO-37- 1oo4 — 4:) Batley,~An, Hor, 1892-251, 5. Am. Pom. NdG Cai), 1897-11. 6, ‘thomas, 1897-300: fe. 7. Budd-Elansen, 1903-227. ipivacan’ US. bob. i. Bul. 062373. 1905. 268 . THE APPLES OF NEw York. Synonyms. Brier Sweet (6). Van Wyck Craps (2, 4, 5, 6, 7). WAN Wyck SIBERIAN (1). VAN Wyck Sweet (3, 4). A sweet crabapple which according to Downing (1) originated as a chance seedling in Fishkill, Dutchess county, N. Y. Fruit large for a Siberian crabapple, whitish shaded with bright red, covered with bloom; flesh whitish, tender; moderately juicy, sweet, rich; it sometimes water- cores; core small, closed; season August and September (1, 2). This variety is occasionally listed by nurserymen (4). It is not generally known in New York and it appears that its cultivation in this state is not increasing. WHITNEY. REFERENCES. 1. Warder, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 5:206. 1869. fig. 2. Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 187621090. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 1650-10 —aemeaita 1883 :360. 5. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884:34. fig. 6. 1b., Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:29. 7. Thomas, 1885:529. 8. Can. Hort., 11:42. 1888. g. Wickson, 1889:249. 10. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:300.. 11. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:252. 12. Beach, N. Y. Sia. An. Rpt, 13:584. 1804. 13. Burrill and McCluer, Jill. Sta. Bul., 45:346.. 1896. 14. Farrand, Mich. Sia. Bul., 205:48. 19003. 15. Can. Horti., 20:480) 19035 712s. hee ed Hansen, 1903 :228. SYNONYMS. WHITNEY (3, I0, II, 14, 15, 16). WHITNEY Crap (4, 7, 9). Wuitney No. 20 (1, 2, 5, 6, 8, II, 12, 13). Whitney No. 20 (15, 16). One of the most popular of the large crabapples particularly in the West and North. The fruit is attractive, yellow, striped with lively red, subacid, good for dessert and very good for culinary uses, It is in season in August and early September. The tree is a thrifty, upright grower, comes into bearing young and is very productive. Historical. This variety originated with A. R. Whitney, Franklin Grove, Ill. (1). It was at first disseminated under the name Whitney No. 20, under which name it was described by Warder as early as 1869 (1). It has not been much planted in New York but in regions farther north and west its cultivation is gradually increasing. TREE. Tree below medium with moderately stout, moderately long, curved branches. Form upright becoming somewhat spreading after fruiting heavily. Twigs short, straight, stout with large terminal buds; internodes medium size. Bark bright brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels numerous, small, oval, not raised. Buds medium to large, broad, obtuse, free, pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish inclined to conic or to ovate. Stem slender. Cavity narrow to moderately wide, THE Apples oF NEw York. 269 rather deep, obtuse. Calyx medium to large, closed or partly open. Basin broad, shallow, wrinkled. Skin light yellow largely shaded and striped with red. Flesh-yellowish, crisp, juicy, mild subacid or nearly sweet with slight crab- apple flavor, good to very good. Season late August and early September. YELLOW SIBERIAN. REFERENCES. I. Buel, NV. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:477. 2. Kenrick, 1832:58 3. Downing, 1845:147. 4. Cole, 1849:137. 5. Thomas, 1849:158. 6. Waring, Loa Ommbarky 151.267. 6. Grege, 185702. 9. Warder, 1867-732: To. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :228.: Synonyms. Amber Crab (3). Golden Beauty. Sr1seert1AN Crap (6). WEEUOWASIBEREAN (1, 2, 3, 4,5, 7, 8, 0, 10). - This is sometimes called Golden Beauty. It is similar to Red Siberian except in the color and size of the fruit, it being rather large and of a clear golden-yellow color. Season September. Tree medium size or below, a good grower, upright becoming roundish, and somewhat drooping, very hardy and healthy except that under certain circumstances it suffers from blight. It comes into bearing rather young and 1s a reliable cropper, yielding heavy to very heavy crops annually or nearly annually. It is grown principally for home use but sometimes a portion of the fruit is disposed of in local markets. INDEX TO VARIETIES. (Accepted names appear wholly or in part in roman type; synonyms in italic.) ADE IEA EO ee FRDERONDACK: 20.205, 20 2 0s EMONEIRABEE, 603... + 0 ALBION . Albertin ALEXANDER . Alexander the First... ........ Alexandre... .. COCT OO OOOO OO Ooo aa 56 eo cdocopcoOopoD OO o0 DOGO 00 G.0N0 American American American American American American American American American American American American American JE GULL: ED pee JP OWNS TEED DUD oe Gloria Mundi... . Golden... Golden Pippin Mammoth .. Mother. . Pearmain .. Red Red Juneating....... Summer .. Summer Pearman... AMSTERDAM . Amsterdam Sweet .. Anglesea Pippin ANISIM .. Amsim of Peterson . . Oat Ol OO Ono eee eee Silelislts} (elie eee) elie! ellele! (0 eee ee ee ee O06 50.010 OG 0-0 Ono o cece eoe ee ce ee ee ee te ee O60 00GD0 6 09070 01016 OO D0 O40 DO Antenovka Antonowka . . ANTONOVKA .. Antony . . ASEORD osbighe pelos SOI e RA ee ae Aport (synonym of Aport Ori- ent)- 2% ALD OPHGR Soe On eae Aporta Nalivia , . eee ee ee ee oe ee ew eee ee ee ee ee eee ere e eee ee ee ee ee ee ew Ce eveevrerecere ere @ “SI Ww W 271 PAGE, IMPORT AO RIE Niue § 14 eo ol vece erate: o) AUNTIE (OU DAU). 5 ok teat ies Oe i] PATON etn une eM As Og 22 HAIR CD CER giants Mae UM eee cia eae. 7 JARO IRGUSUTIO” nb Boe kono 6 14 AiG! IRTOSEDUD 5-5 ondbe ves ene 14 LAWPUO) IRGPOSIEOUD 6 5 soo nb ao one 14 Aromatic Spike No. 354. . 233 ASR OCHM PNAC a eke 230 Asi Ceo CLE > Ven enbn oa oee 239 Astracamscher Sommer . . 239 ASUUCOR. IROWEE so 660050000056 178 CANS ACIGH OU Ds ese ONE Ra ge 178 VASINOCN CME ICU eo ashe a Be 178 ASHORE IROULE 2 2 Bebsoaoase ys VASTRACIUO MV VAC a ee ee 230 AlSialaluay INOUE ss oonceenoe. 178 NCU OUDUISIZOC., FSG oe ROOD A OG SSA 155 AAU OC IGLUT a MAG Geen eC Mit, Le acts 3 PANO LOIS i od ae eR EE a ar apa Arte 9g August (synonym of July) m2 AYGUSE. AUDDIG 5 6 oe bosbo0 6650066 53 PNW GUSIMUNIE Ns jackals rarer clicks crab iat IO VAGUS ES BUCCI nc nie cient havens 216 ALPES. SCICCHWDR: Ss 666 6006806 216 ALLA GUN HVCNS soar Oee eo eae 75 LAU OV Ca Neen Sr incl nog Fe RHA eee 227, AMONG, IDOUD 5s choos eobb or IO Autumnal Swaar (synonym of ANGUOCIIN: Swy@ENP)) yg see ceeeoce Il Autumnal Swaar (synonym of Autumn Sweet Swaar) . 12 AUTUMNAL eSWECE = in... e ees 12 Autumnal Sweet Swaar.... 12 ANTRUM BOGE Gascoacocoveds 10 272 PAGE Autumn Bough » 5 .0:2252 088: IO Autumn Bough (synonym of Sweet Bough) ..... AULLINN Carat, 95) me eee a 12H: Autumn Pippin . Autumn Rose. . Autumn Seek-No-Further ..... 8&8 Auth, SIrawDeriy ae oe 20 AUTUMN (STREAKED oe eee eT AUTUMN SWAAR.. Autumn Swaar (synonym of Autumn’ Sweet Swaat)) = 4... 2 Autumn Sweet . . AUN SWECL (DOUCI i ae eo AUTUMN SWEET SWAAR....... I2 CAUCHY SHULL ire. ce etna cree eee gS QD OWSRANOF. 2a 2 eee eo BQDUSCHENO soak ene ee 83 Babuschicioy (2s eee 83 BQOUSHRINO 2e® 3 PO eee 83 BAIGEY “SPICE. <7.4 bee ee Ce eS IDO ONG SY UEP es tet Oo sO pee sous oun US BARERYSWEET) (8c ecto ere eS BGR Cris 3S Wel nee ek nar a oe eee Baltimore (synonym of Gloria Mundi) . ne : 7 Baltimore co nonym of Vv ae vere Pippin) BialtintoveaPippui ees ee ee eee 7, BANKS. . Banks) Gravewsieiy «4. soe ae Banks Red Gravenstem ..:..... -14 Bard Apples: sco oe eee eon BGVOUCSIOU rete SL BOKOWISR ee Ae he ee eee Beard. Burdenwens seas ee AO Beaute dee ien tan) Saar eee 1 BEAUTIFUL ARCAD = eee ete 14 Beautiful “AT COd ew eee ee Bicauipul et pp eee eee 184 BEAUTY: (OF. IGEN =. 2 ee eens Beauty 10), (OUeen to a ee 2 Beauty of the West (synonym arate WWesweinn Isxeeibiay) so555 505655 230 Beauty of the West (synonym of Crosley -qsc pat oe eee 89 BICOUYV CMCC GE (ios in hence a ils ere 40 INDEX TO VARIETIES. PAGE Beel Solotofskaja 2-2 -ee eee 82 Beiigheimer . 5 ee eee 17 BELBORODOOSKOE,. 44 255s Belle d Angers 2222252 eee 21 Belle de Boscoup’ 2. ee eeeee 25 Belle de Boskoop 7 ees: pene 25 Belle dOrleans 2 3 Belle Dubos... eee 77 Belle Josephine (synonym of Gloria Munds) {2325 See eee. Belle Josephine (synonym of White Spanish Reinette) .... 241 Belle_of Boskoch... 2 25 Bellerdouskcé...... (23a ES Belle. Rose ....s.35 333 eas Bellflower of the West =. 148 Bell's Early 12.2. =e 203 Bell's Favorite, 2226-2 203 BEN FORD. .. 2... 2202 cee A5 Benntger: . 4 2 «oS-h ee eee 15 BENNINGER . .. .. >: 5235 15 Bennington <2 23 203 BENONI ....03 son: aoe ee Bergamot. = . 2..3..02=eeeeeees Berry Apple... 332 - eee 39 Bielborodovsk@ |e 15 BIETIGHEIMER | ... 2 eae 17 Big Rambo (synonym of West- ern Beauty) aes . 230 Big Rambo (synonym ee Grosh) 89 Big Sweet 222.5235 -2eeeeeee 233 Big Vandevere - 22222 eee 231 BIRTH ; (ss ses. See 18 BISMARCK 2.3 scence ee eee 19 Bismark. 22 022 Jo. ote cee ee 19 BLack ANNETTX =o e eee eee Black Apple ic: 3 46 Black Detrott ..23.2 22 ees Blanche... ..0 2: See 241 Blanche d' Espagne, 22-2 eee 24T Blanche Glacee dEte ...... Pes 230 BLENHEIM. ...°..% 22: eee eee Blenheim Orange ~ eee eee 21 Blenheim Pippin =e 21 Blenhewunsrenett -- eae 21 BLOOM. . .:). . <2 eeeeeee 69 Blooming Orange |... 252355—--eeet Blumen Calvill INDEX TO VARIETIES. PAGE PeBUSEEDY CALVITUE, 2... 0 ses sles DBS WAG OOS ae A AO OOO SC ROE SUC) Tn a ne? ROM NO OMUUNEZOS tre tio eel eh «Mies elo: Blush June , nee MS Tbe CR THUY Toe ee x pees, ese A At Bogdanoff (ononymn OE Grand- CANADA BALDWIN mother) . ee Ss ae OO i CC OMOMG: VCOGM faeces oo hh eA ites Bogdanott Seeelianiea A Aa ees 83 | Canada Reinette (synonym of Bohannon... .. 118 Cheeseboro) 2... LSQRVURE |, Siete ZB \| (OOOUN TG! 5. ESOROVMNIKCAS <5) 6. cls sus « ZANE IO OKOUINM 9) UN Caan ee ne Se Se Borovinka Pietishaia Oe GA AEE: BIN WAC ON AOU CINCO! tiicte Sncon eee Oo chee e Borovitsky (synonym of Boro- Carolina Red June “PRR )) ee a Pats COLOUN Cia aie es Aan Utah Re Borovitsky (synonym of Olden- GATHEAD Ae) ee Peace OF ats os DCT) See ee 151 | Cathead Cue of Cheese- LEO OUMEL 2. Cig a ee ae ae I51 boro) . Ree Borowttski .. . 151 | Cathead Gas 38 Pan ere [BOP CRISES) 5 a ns 151 DID LeS A eee oe SG SO OG ee 5 | Cathead Greening IOSKOOPMS iy a... - Zane OLOES UAC sees ere) eget eo aes ee ce OWED 2 i ane 216 | Catshead Greening Roig Lie 8) OCALA OU” ee eos Se ola eiee ouch. arly Sweet ....o0...%. 2 |) COnigeay INGO! SHIACUHE” ns Be oes eos [EOUIEID. SSVTAG an re 2H |) CELESTIA [BGS UR GS oe a 216 | CHAMPLAIN .. . Bracken... : 240 | CHANDLER... Bracy’s Seek- Noe Euiiiien Rites SN CM CH GNC SRO noe ie eons Gam lS RDSIKOWIRAS 9 cp ane ee ae 26 | CHARLAMOFF . IBRIDEEAND., 52... GOmIEWAGMOSKA es cE eae elas Sos LE WIGIELEM, 5, es Tee 33 | Charlamovske ....... Buckram S09) CHOTA BOISE) a PBA os oo Seb ee Buchanan . 149 | Charlamowski d Automne LBV OO. = . eee 196 Crimson Pippin (synonym of Detroit. Red) 1:2 332ee ee eo Crimson Scarlet Pippin 2.2.2. ... 196 Crow. Ece =. 2.4.23) Crows Ege: 73 4A Cummings Kamora 89 Cut Wine... eee 244 Czarskus Schip 332-2 45 CZAR THORN .<-0) eee A5 DEADERICK. .. ..3 = eee 45 Dean's Codlin: 2-3. 165 De Glace D Bias? eee 23 De Glace Hatives= eee eee 239 De La Madeleme Rouge....... 55 De Lorraine: 15). eee ees DEMary eee eee ee 73 De Moscovie a. 239 De Neige’ >. 42. eee 65 De Notre’. Dawe ese 213 De Rambourg 22 eee eee 213 De Rambure. i222) eee 213 De Rateau 3.2 ee eee 62 De Raticau~..2 ee eee 241 De Revel (synonym of Yellow Transparent) Sa. eeeaeeeee ee 248 De Revel (synonym of Vineuse Rouge) .c. 35022 eee 228 Derrick and Anne eee eco Derrick’s Grafiiee eee 1 186 De Seigneur @Automne........ 29 D’Espagne (synonym of White Spanish’ Remette) aie aeeee 241 DEspagne (synonym of Fall Pippin) .. <2... 46cee eee 62 Deterdine s\ Early 23 ee 17 Detrott .. oso 3 hee A6 Detrou Black... 3 46 NDE TO PAGE, IBIMROWDINMED: cic ocled'e se wee eles 46 I CME) oisiions sos ein) Sloe eels coe LAL Demin du CONN .6 2% wee es oo 227 Diels Sommerkonig .........-.. 85 Dich; SORES oe rer Dinaxers Early Reds... .655.66 203 [DONSB oh BRIO re 05 DOGS 308 toe Ae nee 95 DODO iO SA ear 05 DCI ES 1 (Ge ere ee 21 IDighéSs Rae ee er eee isi Duchesse dOldenbourg......... I5I ID viGln@SS “INO eee One eran 158 Duchess of Oldenburg....... 48, 151 Duchessvof Oldenburgh......... %51 IDUTDILIBS7 3 Se Oa ace cae aes 48 DCH OST | OEG Pr 48 ID ADM ONS AVAL ee 48 Dik MOP eCl eae en mare ae 65 DOUG tes oe aes ta ae as Bete ees 208 ID GiGICSS: GRA ee ee ee I51 Dircwessmorn Oldenvere... 520.6 I5I Dutchess of Oldenburgh........ I51 Dutch Mignonne (synonym of EeTMe tii)! recess ccs terse ie anes ott AK DYESS SLL Oe I41 DNAREMRI eee oon 93 IBOHAR IRCOISHAAU Con bad MDA Oo Hee oe 03 IBOUAM ARCO SUPA? oo a6 68 056 Cb bok 93 ESRB Vee UD Ey barren eee niente el ie 54 ARTY. STRAWBERRY) tse ee 54 Early Simiped Juneating......-. IAI Early Summer Pearmain....... 201 JEOHAIN A SSAC of Wo Ae mye OMe te ie 98 IBC “SIA! IBOUED. 56555086 Ao. 216 JEON) \SCUCOHIOUTE: soc ccncepeucde 216 IBoy Ay Wont. IBGTRUCS oe ok seo 4 oko 168 ISG WS PTUSWOR sober oaclonane 203 VE SHOT Oye, Mesties AA PORN AM a 4A BGG ee O iro tya ale eM Pend RENE 4 ie, 56 lsvelingein UNECE oosoneasnbooene 227 Eighteen Ounce Apple......... 227 [SU GUNE EIRP ENG 25 ised mls cc teers 56 Elgin Pippin (synonym of White Spanish Neimette) lense eee 241 Empereur Alexandre I......... 3 Empereur Alexandre de Russie. 3 IO MARCUe WO IKMISSIA>c bb ccoecnbeo 3} Emperor Alexander ......5.... B Englese Orange Appel.......... 154 Englische Granat-Reinette...... 184 Englscher, Repping:......2..... 57 IBA ISOPODHHET se500c400b086 24 NGhISEies CODER GH a a aes ane LUZ IBANS VOMPOTTBS s6565200b00- 230 IES a ASTI! SUNN teeters ico eS aa AS ak 3 IBANSD JEOUAUOU ob ac0cdcebens 125 NGISH es etPPENG 5 este gener 57 English Pippin (synonym of M@momel liye Govan: es seeapoeavesaee eek 123 BBISIN: IRNGPMOO. oo65050660000000 89 Enghsh Sweet (synonym of Ramsdellersiweet)iness-i err Bey, 17/5 (Beli SCIGCUVE Soe he sonboo ene 175 TE PASCO PG ca ttes fives ones, Sede se evel 62 TE BUS COP GVOMA o-oiehetevo seis) «eee abet 241 LEV USES AD DIC) ever mene. «Sieh 149 ENHUSUSMEEG PDI oe Sones ovis aie 149 IBOQAER JEN UD ‘SOCCER OR MO 184 276 INDEX TO PAGE, EDC alls ha Arse alas oer Ay San oe ee 56 Eve Apple (synonym of Egg TOP) Fae i oe ee 56 Eve Apple (synonym of Mar- Pare): KLIS ee a eae I4I Euerbearin: ane ee eee 108 Fal cBOUsit axe sees ote oer 10 Rall Genetic ness meee ee 50 LMU (GCMPOUMTES, b05600600q080008 50 ATI. GREENITN Gi weit een eee ee 58 IRON. (GAGE. SCNZCi 60 650 a5 bab 3 8 8 233 TALL, EMARV ENs5 Sev CNAs te een eae 58 ION VOROMEID Socie Sack ba meso abe 50 MAL ER ENINE RUNG sees ene er 50 al Wennetiinon sane 50 Fall Orage tc vote ee Seen 1 (oe FAG PIPPINurcsah soe ecne a one enon eal Fall Pippin (synonym of Fall Pl arvieyi)ino sas coc ee aes Merete: 58 Fall Pippin (synonym of Holland Pipping)s.sekectie soe ee eee ee IOI Fall Pippin (synonym of White Spanish IWeimette) pee eee 241 FallsOmeen. Adore ea ene OI 1QCW SUAMOOETR) ” soca do 60 bode oo. 120 QU SiVApe aoe 196 PQUCS Waar sete ee OES: II Hall Swaar or tinea NViesta a. ee at [all Wiad ey uercanias se ae eee 231 TENANTS SVEN arene te ree scare ee 63 FPVANBUSE Hs tase Soyer ea meee 65 Fameuse (synonym of Utter)... 230 HOMeWSe: BOlAWiI Na smeaael ta eae 98 FARRIS Ey GREE Niet © eter 69 ANTE USEs GROUP eee 68 KAMEWSCED (NOIRE Wyeast eee 69 EAMEUSE\s SUCRE+ a: a yet eek tees 69 TE ASNENE MO 48s Ae ek ICS a a 69 ind Antonine aan eee eee 3 TET SERIE fy ea ie ea 70 IPOS MEW MOON. 56566 od 0056056 70 Five-Quartered Gilliflower . 197 PV be se See eee 33 Frank Ramboun eee 213 French Pippin (synonym of Hol- land : Pippin): 3.0322 eee IOI French Pippin (synonym of Roman- Stem)! .23e5eeeeeeeeee 188 French Rambo). eee 89 French. Reimeite eee 215 French Spitzenburgh (synonym of Summer Spitzenburg)..... 215 FULLERTON SWEET=o=2 Gee 71 GARDEN . ROYALS. =e V2 Gardner's Apple.) = eee 143 GARDNER SWEET PEARMAIN...... 73 Gelee d’Ete~s. 75 pee eeeo General. Chandler, ee 31 GENESEE) FLOWER] eee 7B Geneva Pearymaim .2522250 ee 30 Gennetiing 0925. eee 240 German Calodle se See eee 6 German Calville 322.0252 6 Georgia Jute... eee I8I Gibbon’s Smathhouse ... : 231 Gibbon’s Smokehouse .......... 231 GIDEON © 23.0252. eee 7A Gideon White 33-2 eee ee TA Ginetting <<... eee eee GINNIE |. os 032 ee ees Glace de Zelande= 239 Glacite: d' Ete... eee 239 GLADSTONE)... “20 75 Glazenwood 0... 22 eee Tf, Glazenwood Gloria Mundi...... 77 GroriTa MUNDI =e 70 Glory of Vorki. 3 eee 184 Gloucester Pippin =e 2I Golden Apple 3 83 GOLDEN, PIPeIn)|@))s35seeeeeeee 78 GOLDEN, PIPPIN GI) =e eee 70 Golden Pippin (synonym of Fall Pippin) 3.2.3 2.:. 3 62 INDI IOY \WoMeineaiass: PAGE, Golden Pippin (synonym of (SOI GUNS eg oe een ee 83 COEDENGORIPPINS 2/00. cicada ae 7S Coenen ONEINETTE. 2.4 ¢ceeie. ce a 70 COMME SPCC Tee a ae 49 ‘GOLDING S010 sealers Golden Sweet (synonym of INorpmerm Sweet) s...06..6. 0. 147 Golden SWeeine 5. cece ees e us. SI COMmMENe WWEMPE kee ee 82 (GOLDING cote ee eran 82 Goldreinette von Blenheim...... 21 Good Peasant (synonym of HWanneel yn frs.c esc. oe ono 123 Good Peasant (synonym of JANMISIIIO) 5 Se ee 5 GO. SCBUAES Ane ae e277, Grijenh AD A, eae ee 85 CRU CRSUAIG Oo ee 85 CULM IRCTICAT > i 184 Crond Allewander .2.06.25.5..%. 2B Grand Alexandre .............. 3 Grand Due Constantin......... 39 Grand Duke Constantine....... 30 CGRISNMOINMOMERS ffs evs eben 83 Grom) MOC? a ar eee 83 _ Grand Sultan (synonym of Vin- CMSCRMINOMOE))) 2. inte aed s f 233 Grand Sultan (synonym of Yel- lonmeMinanisparent) :.2...0s0. +... 248 COLO Sao ee eee 108 (SARIN DIN SI DIGN be aerate 84 GCROICESCTIC. (A ee & Gravensieny Rouge 2... 2:5... 180 GCRUTCTSUIG Se eee 85 CLUDE SUC a ee ne 85 Grows SIGS are 85 COLES LA ee 128 (GERIDAT: NICKROLE Ge as a Rea ee 37 GREEN SEEK-No-FurrHer....... 88 Green Sweet (synonym of Vic- (UAIS “ancl Dysi'<) ss ss ee 233 Green Transparent.............. ARS CLOSALCGOMONE U2 ss ee 4 se 3 (STROGIEL eae te Ment ae ee ee 890 Grosh (synonym of Summer IRSATIOVO))), = Sree hse Me ince Ae enn es 213 Grosh’s Mammoth ............. 89 277 PAGE, Groskoe Selenka Griiner........ 233 COS AOE Es Aarons eae QI GOS EOMUVICT. Ae Me Nolixs ei sk Bs gI Gros-Rambour d'Eteé..:......... 213 CROSSE? MOGModscscaconcccedooe 87 ECHOSSC-SGUUjMISG: saboeboseneone 2 (GRUNDYA patie se ey iin es he 90 LBL AUS gt ie Mt Mtr ipha a yo sire Suuhaaak NANCE QI [SENIOR arc P Ree eceees ene cin anes 92 TAU OCHONOD Picea Piatt 92 LOM PENS “AMETICON V..8 55. 178 II OVAPOLIT: ecsa cece Maes MS An 53 Harvest (synonym of Early TelaevieSt yk sesran eecret. Comoe 51 Flarvest (synonym of Primate). 168 FHlarvest Apple 215 FAR VEST aac D GDR KG een ee OR O00 0 OOO OD DOO Oo 60 Oo ISIOWOCSE INO) “SHPO > 66550066060 03 LELOH COON). ei co GR ede cate en ar ay 58 TSVASIRGDIG Dae se oa ce) NU 03 JEIGSISOUNL “SWHCGE 5.30.6 be Co One. O4 EH OSS tarrse eNO ght Aerts tin Sta Oni IEICRICLSUORED IZUMI 35s boob oon eee 30 THOUS MICUP PIV e ae ogi: an oe 73 JEU WOUIDNG "sae 5 BON ht en ay ais rane RRS 04 Fawley (synonym of Hawthorn- (USO SL AN aes en OME AOI Use et ROR 96 IAOCOMOFMOCUD cn Bebs ohn aseeoeue 06 AW VERETORINIDENGs ey ea ey) eee 96 Heickes Summer Queen........ 53 Herbstbreitling BUA eyed heey JOOS: SUAGHHUESs 66 6a 608 6 bo boo bon 16) ISBROSE SUACHMIL ao be 565 bbe 8b os 10 ELC UES MILLI Cle een ct ees hey con ee IAI TEDBERINVAIY vag vecasars crete nir ln eas seoult 96 SIU RG ep ers og set eh ean a og NE Q7 Islisiilpnes IPD DOU 66.66 6 60466 15.6¢ 168 IGE OPE FONVIEET Ao. lace ees is 07 Jelugip TROD {SUNG Gss G53 606 oe hes 98 High Top Sweet (synonym of HNcmIStetyal atin) Mise en eyo aver heres uens JE ICO) SCICCUTI ~ oh 5 oo0n0 sc 98 STAR spre eee shun mite 22h bh on eke 98 HeIGDTE ONG Seco cht sec ieeeciie sere an ale Nat 99 Himbeerapfel Lievlander........ 129 Himbeerapfel Livlander ........ 129 ROADIE Naeem htiati se cate aie 99 278 PAGE, FOCeISEAND ROW EE ieee eee 100 BIOGP CNY s..6 saaioe ee bee ee 60 EOUMCHE SE. Me cel aan eee ee 60 JUICE JAY VU 5555 coscd00000007 60 FLOLBAIND, (PIPPIN eee ee ee OT Holland Pippin (synonym of Fall Pippin) ays one oe 62 follow Crown Pearmain....... 124 EL ONY) BiG Ne ee ee 203 ROOK ihc. cus ecco en ded acer 103 TL ORNINE: pies ae 203 ELOTSC oD Ear 8 Se ee OI TL OSS 5p hue Oe aa eee OI TEGUSE: Beccles ee: 64 LOWARDE BEST A aan Een 103 TNOWATOMIRUSSCl a eee eer 33 ENO OIS DCSE eee eee 103 Howard's Best Russia... 9) 0.2.8 tos ORE PAP PIC Ns ae eae 245 THOWUCIiig OM atinwnin Cece See eee 64 TLOND CH ein ec eee ee 60 udson Red Sireak.....+....s- 125 EMUINTERS SIPPING cae ye een ee ae 104 TLUTIOUTE toc aan oa ee ae 105 ELUREBUM Wace 5. Oo ee ee 104 Hurlbut (synonym of Ramsdell SAVES). ea irs rene epee eae trees eee 17s LLUTL OULU DC eae ee ee eee 105 uy loue Sweot= ee eee 17/5 PLU LOUEE ane hasan Selene ee eee ae 105 Imperial Vandervere .......... 22m lenpersal. VWihile. Se TS, Imperatrice Eugenie ........... 21 Imperatrice Josephine ......... 77 Indian Queen Imdvana Viandevere a5 ez T:SSEIAVE oe aay sila ee 106 SONU SS WCET a ae 106 Isle of Wight Orange........-. 154 islesof Wareht -Pippinkes eee nee T5A IACI era cad Shae eee ease 106 ICICI crea rho | mre eae eS WIAs 83% 100 GC RSOMW 202), Geist sls eee cee ee QR PARIS: USB Ost ae ee ae ee eee 107 VCTRCUIES eine SRR As ee EOS JEFFERIS INDEX TO VARIETIES. PAGE JEFFERSON (CGouNTY> see ee eee 109 Jeffries... ee eee 108 Jellyiower . ) spe e eee eee 197 Jennetvng <2 ee eee 240 Jennetiing . 2, Bee eee eee OO Jennetting (synonym of White Juneating)) "2 2 eee 240 Jennings... >... eee 166 JeRsEY SWEET.) 2. oe Geet Jersey Sweetie, +a. ne eee TIO Joaneting ~ . | 2 eee 240 Joe Precoce i eee 52 Jolly Gentleman = eee eee 3 Jonathan of the Nomi === S Jones Early Harzesii eee 181 Jones Pippin. ee eee 60 Josephine (synonym of Gloria Mundi) ...-. 22:32 eee eee 77 Josephine (synonym of White Spanish Reinette)) So oeeeeee 241 JUDSON .\ 5. .20 55 eee III JULY. oY oe eee 112 July Apple 2 s:32eee eee 168 July Early Pippin eee 51 July, Fourth of =o eee II2 July Pippi pee eee 51} June (synonym of M=zrgaret) .. 141 _ June (synonym of Red June) .. 181 Juneateing a4 23. ee eee Juneating ... hy eee, LOO Juneating (synonym of White Juneating) 2 3 eee 240 JUNCLING 2% nce seh eee 240 JUNtdta, . 5 5 5 eee ee 234 KAIGHN . 6. 63S eee 13 Kaighn’s Spitzemburg .......:.. 113 Kaighn’s Spitgenberg .........- 113 Kaighn’s Spitzenbergh ......... 113 Kaighn’s Spitzenburg (synonym of Kaighn) 33.) eee 113 Kaighn’s Spitzenburg (synonym of Long Red’ Pearman) ss250125 Katghn’s Spitzenburgh .......-- inte Kaign’s Spitzenburg .........-. 113 Kaser Alexander >>. eee 3 Kajabowka. .. 2s 6.2 eee KALKIDON ... INDEX TO PAGE, PMCLAM OWS: oo ee vies gee cs eee TA IM ENIOTS Tr er re a 114 WMUPEG OMSK 5.5. ie decvangnnse o TI OLED TOUT re 247 DG MVE SCWVOUL =. oo oo ce ks 6 SO 2AT LS OCD DOUE Soha Eee II4 OMB OMRON alas bee es ETA IS CORUDOCU ATU ee II5 ICT DCT ASEN C40 DT a 21 WMeunevee “Seedung 2.6.0... 00. 6 245 IN GIDE: 1ECCLA) ae 15 [eine IEG CS Ce re ts WACTMSIUPEUDGSRED bd. . ccc oe a o's TIS ISPINRIGEM HELE BASKET . 0.00.5 os L15 WSEHIEVSIU RADPIN 5 5 cco oe vee s co's Ts Menincky Bellhower:..<....0s... 125 iMemiuoey Gilliower 22.0005. 125 OBS WVLICIES "Sateen ee 0 WAOSUIGREIOOGIN. =. sees nice csc 117 Ixegciele (OO } a re Wy, KON UCL {1 oie 2 | Komderhook Pippin 2. occcs cece Gg) Kingsbury Russet (synonym of GITCESEMORO) fg ce oe See ce 33 Kingsbury Russet (synonym of Raimpitme IRUSSEb)® o0.c 0222 ce: 170 IGRINBRIDGE S08.) apes 2s ce vaiecaees (TIS Kirkbridge Wie es Seat 118 Gee ICd JUNE. voces ibs TSI WOOP OWCHUVAPTOL ooo ce ek oe ca ces 3 LG ANG TBO ee 65 IL!) IBS FAS ee eee 139 LEGO 2 ACG SE II5 IE ADNGEESENGER 1. 5. 6s). dos ooh eo ons LIS Lady Fimger ; (synonym of TEC iirSel AiG) Se nae er 113 Lady Finger (synonym of Long Cdumeaiiiain )) v5 halo. coe E25 LGOUSS. ZA OAD 242 LEGON SHG a earn eee 126 MEGAVIESULNCTIOHE ~ 65 ino Cocos s 126 IL GIO. NYAOIS) UO ee 40 MO OMMONUCUSE 062 Bont Ble oes aw 65 IL ORSTAOS Ree aR RIL ere 142 We MeCaStCr OUCEN 0. onc. .sas- 212 IMANNIDSBERG) > 25. stil sas ood a elee eo II9 Landsberger Reimette .......... 119 VARIETIES. 270 PAGE, IL OOOSTOOHAG ee. ge exits, ROR EEO 119 MEG LEUT CLAS Cie Bila eee |) W238 ILCHISVE LG? IKRCUIOWE b65 65060800 190) EME ISOM Sle boas ao hoe eee 216 ECHR JEON oS eA OHO GO OOO SED 51 IEG IEA JBOUAP Ganbo55h605¢ 216 anger Hanlymlanuestanene ss. 51 Large Early Yellow Bough ..... 216 TE ORS Calas One sere Nae Oe BAT ILOipee IEC) JEON OP Ba isn eso enon 241 Large Golden Pippin (synonym Of Champlatn)) ie. 30 Large Golden Pippin (oncean Of Golden Pip piny) eee. eS LEO A IO TAO OM eye Cae 6 Oe 89 Large Red and Green Sweeting 177 Waree Ned Sweeting toe. 7) Large Summer Rambo ........ 89 AnSem SWECChEBONUGI inst on ee 216 ILO WANIOPICHE, Lan coposcsase ei Earge White SJumeating ........ 51 Once CUOW BOM we sa. eee 210 OL CDIOWEII unrest sas hee EO Wate. sChandier ra. es ee Bit Ware Golden. Sweet. 9. 54 4ee oe 13 CATE STRAWBERRY) 9.080 26112 0). 2120 ACTA ras oe ere Sarees iyieeninin deh 12m ON ACTON hy P42, cette Cees in OW ADS RMR yale 5 oer erates Oe Nan 121 ECOG AIP Pe icc itan he ehoran Rese I2I WCODS ICOM IN INE me 5 Week een 5) ahs 196 Tnevland: InGspDenra see. see 129 TTAB exes ait Saat cate Sn eee the ee kr 227 TEV COUT: ae arg Ret Sito Uae Mean Nae 245 IAONCOLIN JEUIIO Yh an emda cien ae 122 Lincoln. Pippin (synonym of Winthrop Greening) ......... 245 Lincolwshine: (Pippin. ese. 96 IBENDENIWZATADE Eueert Nn an nein Te Lippincott . Sere eee Caanis VOLS Liveland Rasphenny Miso Vi laitayeh 20 Livesley's Imperial ........ cas kace 26 Livland Raspberry ...... sine ds 129 LEQUEES IEC i On ARE ne PS EON CHIEDD Sars ihe act cee akan 122 LOWS S AIRE. Sobcccccoseses 1s onee island 28 a ok faerie weeks 60 Bongeisiond eG raft 2... 45 sca 6: 60 280 PAGE Long Island Pearmain ......... 124 Long John (synonym of Kaighn) 113 Long John (synonym of Long Red. sPearmattiy cones ee oie 125 Long Pearmain (synonym of Kaighn ) iste .ereeien pacts Long Pearmain (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) ... 125 JONG URED URPEARMAIUNN See eee 125 Lone STEM 125 Long Stem Swear tees eter 13 LONGWORTH .... 125 Longworth Red Wanton) 125 Lord: KANgston Aone eee 96 Lord Nelson (synonym of Blen- EST) 2 oes gcenct Cee 21 LORDS SUREIECD > = Sten ee nee 126 Lothringer Rambour .......... Sg Lothringer Rambour d’Ete ..... 2128 TG Us se ai i soos Cee eens: 126 JE Oats: GV AT Aa Eee A pe ee toys 55 TEGUISES.317 2a ea cae 69, 126 LOWISO PTINGCE SS Bienen eee 127 TO WIRTH: Soar he Gok aay, ee eye 128 LO Me PAP DIN, aoe See a ee 128 LOWLAND: RASPBERRY =... 6 ee 129 EwRsic-OurENGa se ceo ae 129 Lubsk Reinette . 130 LEN CTISEAD Clea oO eee 21 Lyman's\ Large, Yellow) 222.525. 171 Lyman’s Pumpkin Sweet ...... 17I TEN-SCOM if 2; Swe S Se toe eset ee 130 IVEAR TRY Seen ee cs ee ee 131 MECAGOW SUN Eee ee le McGARriv te) eee eee 1325873 McClellan 12) 3g 2 ee aes Mac DONOUGH) <2 {ete ere 132 McINTOSHr A 3. 228 es! a4 bo me2 McIntosh Red . ef 133 Mackie’s Clyde Beauty Weg ioe 36 McLELLAN . ; 134 Mel eloneen. we: 135 McMahan . baaias le eee McMahan Wace See ee Roe MCNEAHON (555 ose Set eee 136 McMahon White .............. 136 Macomber... ees iene eae aces 187 | | INDEX TO VARIETIES. PAGE Magdalene . .. 22. 25-0 Magnum Bonwm .....553522e0 2 Macoc . : Se 138 Magog Red Supe coe 138 Mawen BLUSH «2. >). eee 139 | Mammen Favyorime 2.222 eaee I4I | Maiden’s Apple .......-.----:- 141 Maiden's Blush (synonym of Hawthornden) . v6 Malinowske _... 3232 eee 177 Mammoth (synonym of Gloria Mundi) . (i.e 77 Mammoth (syitonsia ae Galen Pippin) .......25. eee 78 Mammoth Pippin. 7...2222 eee 77 Mammoth Rambo -.2.2-2-2 see | Maralandica . 2-22 ee 51 | MARGARET... oo: Jape I4T Margaret Early). 22) 2ap20e ee are Margaret, Early Kea 22 142 Margaretha Apfel - ee 142 Marget Apple ... 232 eee Marguerite... 2.731 =e 142 Marigold... 2.22. ee 154 Marigold, Creed’s: -. eee 154 Marigold Pippin ..<. [fe eee Marrow-bonée’ . 2 223 225 Martin . 135 Marygold ... eee 154 Matthews Stribe .2.. 332 131 Maudiin 2.2 eee 142 Meachem Sweet ..22-3 23 146 Melon (synonym of Gloria Mun- die ee 77 Michigan Beauiy 2. 201 Millcreek . Bre OS 231 Millcreek Viinilepoeee Ras, so 231 MaiER 0.5). :2 1 eee 142 Miller Seeding |." 23 142 MULIcEN. . 2 225 5 eee 142 Mississippi .4.. 55. ee Mr. Gladsione <<). 2 75 Montgomery Sweet .......-.--- 10 Monstreuse Pippm 322 77 Monstrous Pippiny ee 77 Monstrous Rambo ....-=.-.2--= 89 Montreal... . 023. 0s eee 193 Montreal Peach > ee 159 INDEX TO WARIETIES. PAGE, WE OOSO” 540 SO ae ee Wownanis Favorite oo... eles 227 RPI SEU REMME Gc sc kao cto. nee oe A MY OSINGE SOULE ie ae ea NIGTIENDRG Gi gt Gee eee ea 143 MINORCA P PLE ios towne. oe 143 Wioihe: of America. ..-.5.5.... 143 WWMOMUULMUIECT Pe hb ck ce eee G45 Monnaie FLOKG 25... 2... FF IMTOUINDAUN (SWEET )........-... I45 ICUS... Bee ate eee 145 WMO CE ees ok ee TRS IMIR SOR — 5 IS eee eee 146 NU OID SOLE SST A ee a 146 WVinWSOm SWECUNE 2.2... ,05..-6% 145 WS SHOU. 5 oo 02.5. SO Musgrove’s Cooper (synonym of ‘GAROSI0)) 4 SCO Toe ene 89 Musgrove’s Cooper (synonym of WWiesternerimeauty)) 2.2.2....<. 230 MSI COS eae ae 2A WS SCG a eae 64 WMC OLS HD EFEAGMOL 0.2.6 ce ie es 49 SAN ECRASMENIOWUPOKCI) Sac act oe ts ws « 148 NOSE MAD are 239 NaMo? JRO haa 89 NCIBO 3-0 Se 65 Neige-Framboise de Gielen ..... 65 INICZUMMEGUIUSTUICR) «ioc cc cc su deeds. I51 IN, LARGO SUA] a re 53 Newtown Greening ............ 83 NER MBICUIMORUCT 6 50k Oe se ws 60 Weve Gloria Mundt ......55... Fi NW GCE ee ee 83 Niack Pippin (synonym of Sweet Bough) IN CR POG CU ie ese A een 7.) PNIOUUPORCULG Pe. vais eects es 1O4 North American Best ......... 168 IMOKENOMUPLON . . ils)s cs bes aces 21 Northern Golden Sweet ....... 147 Northern Golden Sweeting ..... 147 INORERENERN SWEET ¢.%.95.5..0... 147 Northern Sweeting (synonym of MMS OM) os ke as ms = 146 Northern Sweeting (synonym of Northern Sweet) 261 PAGE IN OG AE SUCH eR Oy et ae a EN 48 Northwich ap pi! es 0 as nee 21 The following numbers are those given by Schroeder in his shipment to the Iowa Experiment Station in 1879: INTOM nob icgta etry See Sea ea he Oo LOT INTO PAVE GS Mees olipier Ji tare Nae 155 BN G06 OY Beaten? Saas raat nem Mar 83 No.9 M 24 INTO MTT VIGOR canes uke ts Naty 189 INGO Sie VAs Aa NPR ete yee 5 UNFORS RTS VIE co aches Pg MA Ned EE 5 INO, Zee NE 115 INOS AB WL 22 INTOR WEP 2 irl VICAR SU iU 8 0 thareeen se ea aS 7 INCOR 24) Vie 195 INGO ai2O > MES EPS Ag Meet e state 6 NTO IS ee AVI ai aries MARS 5 Mice at a HS 87 INTOM ANS Orns VIR aia rein Se = aerate OR ih 123 UNTO 7e wl VINE ed Se scabs aN, Pe 123 NOR SOV AVG ANe ee aoe be Siete ery. ces ns 195 INO TENG Wick Ree C8 rae tn vee ie Rat le be II4 IN OR IMO ONUL 2 RE oun nice ane ORE eR an 32s INOS SESPTIR I EM tees Rint MEE Ye RI 224 No. 139 M 183 INGO THA Ole Vilma Sent rere aes heed Sener 45 INTO TATE NV Eas Pike Ss coe hs ee ere ae OO UNTO eesti oO V IN eek Aree Mee ace ek, are 27 INUO MST OW OVI Dae Ae ie cua een ee 18 The following numbers are those given to varieties included in the De- partment of Agriculture importation Of TSO): IN OL STOTA Veg eg h it Ny tee ae ae eae: 123 INORG Sie Sea Nee SAR Ee AN Pe IS sone II5 INTOR POO Wi Agents Pesto on Navi ure es 45 INO ETON cP Se Ore iP ee eee 244 VN Ok BE) gS ER ce Pat TRIPs ay 6 ING ASIA) Eiaae Ramer ton al ee wae ar Beare 22 INGO 2 3 Olan Mar item: Nn ee ar ee et 6 INIDREO NG) ip ee oR gE AU Canoe SERIE 5 24 INCOMES CPOE fey fen kates weg Y G | IN OME OPPO NIE CNG OREN fe Pea Sant < so A 32 INFO: ELSkou cise 5h is Eee oe eee eee 177 INIO RUG RN ORNS So S93) et att foes ae 18° 282 INDEX TO PAGE INO SAO L4G ba ac catia ta eal eee 129 DN ONE 0 ie a nd CAN Ee CECT SRD A, HR 182 INTO CRS och re gsene, Sie neah ae Renna eae 170 NOM E3 7.28 Bis ccwiine Ark eon ty OE. eelOS INO SAA? 5.5 eect ete eae ee 247 NOE JAA, co ee Ten ee 130 INO LAA 5 Be Liat Gate eNO eee GG cae a itl INCOM S57, | Ne ae SN rr tes eR TG 39 INIOK SAO) rere ce ite RO ES ee 83 IN Oo 7.2 Waren en Nay haat este NU eR AR ee 155 IN OR PATH 5a ay 0s Aan aaa Re ey ah 18 INFOS 5A ON 6 wees aye tee nen She eater II4 INIOM GOT. ER EN hint te ears a eee ete 57 INCOR BOO MA ke eas Gee, Nee aes Ike 189 sc NGOSNOOW by. trite Neh A cise ME Ease 10 IN OB OTS i ean Le ae Re ce ek ee ae 82 INCOR NOW Ors ane hes Ours, Sel 82 INFOS OSE § AY nt et ey ger Tone 82 NiOnero UO relaie cishiicn sean eras 7, INO OR AVACLONES eee 247 INO SSE ROM Mee hee bates Poa 70 INIORRO AE AO 1d Crave earn ten ee a 83 UNSSC Reacts, se Mr ene eee cee ha ree 30 INWiIG)? IEMDOD 25 6866606650065 6c 30 OOESS a See Ee arene pyege 51 OGDENSBURG AS. 228 sian er ee voereets 147 Ohio Beauty (synonym of West- CfiG, beauty) sec eee eerie 239 Ohio Beauty (synonym of Grosh) 8&9 OHIO WNONPAREML, aoe nee 148 Ohio Nonpareil (synonym of Gravenstein) seer eee 85 Ohio Nonpantcl ie hese eee 148 OHIO: PIPPIN. ese Oe Be ae ne: 149° Ohio Wine (synonym of Fall WAN). censor eee 64 Ohio Wine (synonym of Kaige linas)s see ton ne ctr errors 1G OIKARENAT Te een eee eee 150 ORobeng. Soe ih ke we eee 150 OLDENBURG =. foe eee 150 Oldenburg, Duchess of.........- I5I Oldenbungi Rr a oe ae eee I5I Old Hawthorndean ............ 06 OU CNSR Mir seas ee eens page 189 OP OTLOR ER de aah cit ete es Gf ORANGE fei) ce ales ie ee eee 153 V ARIETIES. Orange (synonym of Orange) ° \aici6 Sore eee 60 Orange (synonym of Lowell).. 128 Orange (synonym of Orange Pippin), 2-60. eee 154 Orange Blenheim .............. 21 Orange de Cov. eee 42 ORANGE (OF NEW JERSEY)....... 153 ORANGE (OF PENNSYLVANIA).... 153 ORANGE ‘PIPPIN 232 eee 154 Orange Pippin (synonym of Blenheiny)> 2355-5.¢ 2 eee 2m Orange Russet =. eee 154 ORANGE SWEET). 4. ee Eee 154 Orange Sweet (synonym of Golden Sweet). 2 eee 8I Orange Sweet (synonym of Munson)... ..- =: eee eee 146 Orange Sweeting (synonym of Golden Sweet)is25-. see SI Orange Sweeting (synonym of Orange Sweet)5. 4-2 eeeeeee 154 Orloff ji oe 233 Orlouskoe 2% xe pee eee 233 Orlowskoe™ =... f5s0 see 233 OFSUNUG oo a ee 97 Osgood’s Favonites -— eee 131 Osimoe: 206s cae eee 07 Oskaloosa 2305.06 eee 106 OSTRAKOFF) "52. 535 oee poe 155 Ostrakoff. Glass) 722 eee 155 OstreRoff sx. ge ee 155 Ostrekoif’s Glass 2 eee 155 Ostrekovskaya Steklianka....... 155 Ostrekowskaja Stekhanka ...... 155 OstroROff 0.23 a. ee 155 Osirokotls Glass... eee 155 Ox. Apple: Fee eee ai. Oxeye. 2.06 vss cece eee 230 Oxvheart 0... sis ee 33 Owen's Golden Beauty......:... 240 Ozark Pippin: 25 2 eee 45 PALOUSE. 0... Scacke gc eee 156 Paper. i..0 ass eee 30 Paper-skin -3.. eee 30 Paradies Apfel 32... 85 POLK occwsies dd nccnene eee 125 INDEX TO PAGE, PORT SV SEGITE: 5.5. cite 02's 2 o's 3318s ss 157 IP A TED | 972s Se ee na ae 158 ates Duchess No, 3.5... «. 158 Patten Greening ..2... 20.2. edes 158 Revere (C\Vlontreall): o0. 2s. the 2. 159 Peach Apple of Montreal....... 159 Hench of Montreal: . 20. eee. eos 159 EAONGEMEDEON D552 «2 c)e.eis2/'¢ ocx s oe 160 each Pond Sweet..:......2.-. 160 CGC EOUNd SWC... 2.5... 2s. 160 Peg BUC er 174 iP ogie LOG Sa ee eee 244 LP CSIATOUT oe a ee 125 IPA SES AIL | de ae ae 161 NACISOQUIES “SUCEL 5 un Scare es di ane 161 2G? IGG EG a ee ee 244 PEASE ‘api ttc aa eee 161 2 BSE. ATG pe ee 161 BEAscoop, NONSUCH = ..2.....2. 162 iReassood s Nonesuch :........+ 162 Pennsylvania Vandevere........ 231 WOR POC MMCNE. 55. kca bien ce dee 15 IPE) TOS ee 184 Pepping Englishcher ........... 57 POAC 0k AUG TG A a ee 21 IBREVIVEDSTREAK , 5.76. a2 ee 2 66 162 merpryuived Streak. ...:.. 162 JPBTISR 5) gsc toa ee 163 erersows (Charlamotf ......... 32 IP BT AOUSISOZ) Sapa re ae 195 !- GF OLOS 20. San re 195 Philadelphia Pippin (synonym of ap PIM). Gwe. ee eee 8 62 Philadelphia Pippin (synonym of White Spanish Reinette)...... 241 minadelphia Sweet ...........-. 10 IP GELLER a ee on 3 TOE te OS eh ee 3 WMGRMUOY ROMO, 62065 + 2 cs aksteos 89 Pie Apple (synonym of Holland IP i] Df 5 ia) 0 sepa eRe ee a ene IOI Pie Apple (synonym of Sops of \ININO)) ...: ee 177 Pumplkan, Russeb)e: 22 ose 170 | Red Cheek (synonym of Rasp-~ Pays A SiVGCONIGH: ©. Oe ae ee 239 berry) ..-2%.. 5 eee 1.77 Red Cheek (synonym oi Maiden Queen (synonym of Summer Blush). .....:22. 22352222 139 Queer eee ee ee 212 | Red Cheek (synonym of Fall Queen (synonym of Williams). 242 Orange)> .- . 22225 60 Queen Anne (synonym of Low- Red Gillifower (synonym of ell) eee a eee eee 128 Scollop Gilliflower)........... 197 Queen Anne (synonym of Red Gillifower (synonym of Mother) 3c. stent nner 143 Striped Gilliflower) ......... 207 Quince | (o8- Cole) ease 174 | Rep GRAVENSTEIN.-- 22-2 eee 180 Quince “(or Coxe) soe 174 | Red Gravensiein (synonym of Oumce Apple BaF A eee 174 Banks), 2... 227-23 eee I4 Red- Hawthornden- ee 96 Rage-Apple: Si 6 ae eee ee 146 | Rep Hook: : 22... 222 180 Rambour) 3540 eee 213 | Red Joanetine- .--2 eee 142 Rambour Asere 2 22220 ee 213 | Rep JUNE.....2 22 eee 181 ‘Rambour: Blane tes eee 213 | Red Juneating (synonym of Rambour d Amerique........... 213 Margaret) .. ....2. 952 eee 142 KRamvour- d Ete sna 2 se 213 | Red Juneating (synonym of Red Rambour Franc... :.2<.- «2 o25-2-% 213 June) ....2: 4.242222 agnUVOUT® GLOSe 5s ses eae ee oe 213 | Red Juneating (synonym of Rambour lorraine... 222.222 3..5 89 Early Strawberty)2.2- 2 eee 55 ikambour Raye se 0552.2 58 aces e 213 | Red June, Carolina 2 181 LEGA oy | ae Oe gee re a CaP MnP LF si 213 | Red June of South ee 142_ Ramsdale’s Sweeting...........- 175 | Red Junetung..~ 2 eee 142 = INDEX TO PAGE. Red Pearmain (synonym of ERC ei ayy diane eee eed 113 Red Pearmain (synonym of Wonewved, Pearmain)). <......%.~ 125 Red Phoemx (synonym of CATED) Aes oe ee eee er ae 113 Red Phoenix (synonym of Long edeebearmain).:.......+5se80+ 125 Red Pippin (synonym of LCRA CT) 0c eae ee ea 113 Red Pippin (synonym of Long Red weeaEMain))- 25.2652 ..0is.5 22% 125 mean pein SWeel. 2. sc a2.6:: 7s Red Pumpkin Sweeting......... 175 LGR) IAG ere 83 TEA UMSUGOPSAUING . <5. v2 s os ees 203 Red Spitzenberg (synonym of OSS? 1) Sed A en eee ce 113 Red Spitsenberg (synonym of Kouepiuved Pearmain)).....<.. 125 Red Spitzenberg (synonym of batelncatiie Gira): << see 25 weiss 186 ICAW ES PUZENUUNL As sce eee ees lass 113 RED ORANSPARENT: ....°.2:-.:: fee, Ie Red Transparent (synonym of WaeNSe WINOUGE ) 2.5.0 bs0. Ha ss 238 RED TYPE OF TWENTY OUNCE... 229 Meee AONE CKUCTE sc. 5s 600s acess 231 LEST) ~ y/o 182 Red Winter Pearmain (synonym SUE 120 ort) Ae ee 113 Red Winter Pearmain (synonym of Long Read Pearmain)..... 125 a es och ates biases sen Go 183 eindells Large.....:. i edo seven 175 teeineiie, A GOvElet. 0. okie oes 24I Reinette Belle de Boskoop...... 25 imemmette Blanche. joc. 5.2.0. 241 Reinette Blanche dEspagne (synonym of White Spanish Reimette)) os 02s. He tate arenes PEN Reinette Blanche dEspagne (synonym of Fall Pippin).... 62 Retinette de Blenhewm........... 21 eemette dEspagne=.<:2..--..5: 241 MMCIILCLiC, ALOU ONG - 2 sie «eta IOI emette ad Hollande.%-...2. 2. IOI Reimette de Landsberg.......... 119 VARIETIES. WE MU CUCT Eee ee Grenade Anglaise...... OME SUETL CH aye a: LEC Sik estas oe Monsirueuse..........- Orange de Cox... Quarrendon...........-. IAI OGUE INCU ER. ea, Be Reimetie von Montfort.......... Renet Liubskui Reinette Reinette Reinette Reinette Reinette Reinette Reinette ome leicelehegae) (el\e\e)le) (eel oleae REPKA ole ene ae lelalelis! ele ejjaleileliey oe) siic)ic: 6) sj\sie @) #) eee! ef 6) eh elie ie) 0) eliele « Reschestwenskoe TCU CTSLON Er tae ryan eee cal inevelstome: Pippinie. 65... 6.5.6 Rhode Island Sweet Riabinouka Sle wiellele Lelio elses hela! te we erie, le) (6) wee.) ene) ie ONO Ch OO CO OOOO DO O10 OtNCLO! Gob OOS Cat OOS COS Ribbed Pippin RIBSTON UO SH OMCs Na MAES oa Pee ge Say IMUSLONC PAD PINs. 5. ee 9/10) owe velteielle) oletailelie) s\iele) « Cleirete lw enie el ejies elle eralishellaiic:clet et laie Ribstone Pepping Ribston Pippin Richard Ridge (synonym of Ribstoz)... LRG Tt DRC ge ONE ts Ae Rye URED Poe A Clie. Mona etee eae ea Pe UCOGIONWES MIRADSS CE oe ee ROLFE ROMAN Romenskoe 1 RON Ce ie ear aS Stel es rE Romna (synonym of Hibernal). Romnenskoe IRON ae xin He ek eee ee. Roschdestvenskoe Roschdestwenskoe CO O'R OOO ONO OM OOO Oo HIG SAN 0 6 en OOD Cr Geol te OyO. 0 Oro So OO oS eel se leh a\leieelisweWeleliellsllelict/s Oe]. 6),elenwiee. e:¢) «| \e)la) le OOO OO Oo too 16 Roshdestrenskoe . Rother COS ONO icy CHORE OO ey esseljelio Kal elelele. 286 INDEX TO PAGE. OUSI MONG IRCOUYV =) peer 168 lovin (GOUSINAGIONS 6550006050 6050° 29 IROUNG “SUCCL Than ee E eee 172 TROUN GIL O pate Cee ne oe 56 RUDCES SVAN OL OONUie een eee 244 Rubez Vwnogradnm............ 244 Russam (synonym of Kaighn).. 113 Russam (synonym of Long Red Pearimain).a0 2 ween eee eee 125 TRAUSSION, DEP CLOT ee ae ee 3 Russian Gravenstein...........- 6 TOUS «© OV Cirar cee oe) Aenea er a ee 148 SiQDIn eos ibis ee ee 85 Sabine of the Flemmings ...... 85 Safstaholm . IQT SARS TAHORNMS ee 5) ane 5 On Safstanolnusa plier, ese en ae enol Safstaholmsapple ........ LO STEER MRUSSELING te wee se tenn 192 Sailer SWechus sont tte ine cr Gf) SYNUBESE VE NUANUENGNES 6 nieces bolae aioe 192 S@iit=G ena Wea soe ete eae 241 SH IN Ine en ee A Rrantonet ee 98 SH MOLO SUMMIVAAAY cecghcoooes 55 Si RAWiRIEINGE W cca teeny oven myn ae 192 SUM ICCMY PER = 6s Sootoduens ¢ 193 Saunt: DQUrent ene See ees 1G3 tony cee iE Re. 194 SANDY, GUASS ort seme panera ee 105 SGM ZUVICWUS. <5 As cy era eee 65 Sapson =. . 203 SiGDSOM UUme aa ae a Ce een 203 Sassafras Sweet . a4 SAX TONES a tes et ere eet ergs 196 Scalloped Gilliflower ........... 197 Scalloped “Gillynowere ae eee LOy: Scarlet Pearmain (synonym o Keatohin)) ccs, cates pen aes 113 Scarlet Pearmain (synonym of Wong RedisPearjmeain))rys oc: 125 SCARPET (PIPPIN va ceunn oa cess 196 SCID MW OSO aa mece see eee suk ee eI 29 Scharlotienthaler Golba ........ 222 Schoone van Boskoop ......... 25 Schoone von Boskoop ......... 25 SCHUNIER: SWEET ab Gouin enins 197 VARIETIES. PAGE. SCOLLOP GILLIFLOWER Ieee eee 197 Scollop Gillilower (synonym of Striped Gilltlower)ieeeeeereee 207 Scolloped Gilliflower ........... 197 Scott... esse! eee 168 Scott BES?.+ 42). 198 Seek-No-Further (synonym of Cooper) 32.5. eee ee 40 Seek-No-Further (synonym of Green Seek-no-Further)...... 88 Seevers Red Sircaka eee 230 SENECA FAVORITE 3-- cee 198 Seneca Favorite (synonym of Quince lof Coxel) ees ee ee 174 Seneca Spice... .. 025. eee 173 Shakers. Yellow: 2 eee 53 SRONNON? M0 2820 ee 149 SHARP i038 3) oe 199 Sharpes Early see 212 Sharpe's Spice 2p. eee 64 Sheepnose (synonym of Egg Top). « $2.32) 56 Sheepnose (synonym of Long Red Pearmain)) : 2353 see 125 SHERMAN .3.4/5 43.22 eee 200 Sherman's Favorite .2... 2.85.5 200 Sherman's SWeel 2 200 Sherwood’s Favorite ..........- 33 Shivawasse -B Cauty jee eee 201 SHIAWASSEE.. cee eee 69, 201 Shiawassee ' Beaniyn 2a eee 201 Sinawassie Beaiye a. eee 201 Shoreditch Wiute ......... 96 Shropshirevine . 203 Sibersan August -e eee eee 112 SINE-OUA-NON | 2) aon eee 202 SRUYOSHOY RY.GSNOt eae 182 SkWOSnOY KTOSnOU ee eee 182 Skwosnor S6hotot eee 248 Sleepers, Yellow =. 3 SLINGERLAND) 2) ee eee Pe 202 Slingerland’s Fall Pippin ...... 202 Slhungerland Pippin eee 202 Small Admirable: (= eee I Smalls Admiurable oe I Swmithteld- Spice: =ee-s eee 49 Smokehouse (synonym of Van- devere Pippin) 3. eeeeee Me INDEX TO PAGE SOUPOO: Se ence er race res ee 33 SROD 5 6 RR OE ee eee ace 65 ISQVOLOGRICNCE oo ek b eases ae ok. 79 SOnubRsmame Ns Yo )ei hess sls ole 203 SODS UR YEE See ie ane 203 SORSTOR VINE ...6.s4.. 208 Sourbough (synonym of ‘Chain: ipllauta)) 5, Shee Seer eee eae es 30 SOURM SD OWGHY sos ose eae eae 204 Sour Bough (synonym of Cham- fpllewin)) 5 bo Sastene areca ea 30 Sour Bough (synonym of Tart OMe) pee eic GiicGes css oe 220 Sone IAD ES a see ee 168 Speckled ... SBE GMA ORM cat ahd oa ccakey dss 204 SPIeee: QE5GNG Vee See ee are Hl SHOCK CIIOS Ar See ar coe ee 231 WH CQUGWOS ee hs Sa esas ees see 230 SWOUNCIDS tee Se po ae 230 SHRAIRTRIBNY "6. Sa eo ceeneacet eaiee ee Cen 205 SHWARIR a) bas oisus Mee ates: 200 Steklianka ecole liaane Wes itaent- OS SUAQTAS INOUE DOVE aan a on Bean 112 SUMED OD 5 es oo e107 | SMUCENCAN WIARLY i502. osc. sats. 207 SHMAES IDC pe Shree ee 207 SRORkG IED” — ae aE ee ee 3 SUAOG. 6s Ban ee ee 208 oie (synonym of Sops of Wine) . ees 208 Strawberry Me atonden: eth ene nango) . ee 33 Strawberry Rennie, in ‘ents Strawberry) . is 120 Strawberry (ae af Richaad (GiPDLEE)) ote, eee eee Sweet Golden Pippm ..........- 12 | Tttovca... i). ee eee eee 224 Sweet Harvest: s.r e eee 217 |. TITOVKA ... eee eee Sweet June se. epee oe ees o8 | Titowka ... 5.2.22 eee Sweet Lyman’s Pumpkin ....... 172 | Titus Apple. 2 eee en SWUCCLEE TP Pins tes he Oe ee 100 | Tutus Riga > eee 224 SWCCt eam one eer eee 89 ..| Lom Harryman 2 eee 85 SWEET SRUSSETS.. 2" canoe ae 218 | LTompkins...( 2 eee 49 Sweet Russet (synonym of Tom Put (o.3245552- eee 225 Pumpkin Russet) ..£....¢.:..°170 | Tom: Purr eee 225 Sweet Russet (synonym of Transparente de Astracan...... 239 Cheeseboro) .. .:..0e:..s00-. 33 | Dransparente date 239 qweets Hari ere aR ake rest see» 212 | Transparent de Musctovies.... >. 239 WeCtLRS WAY yes Cee ne 12 | Transparente de Muscovie d’Ete. 239 Sweet Wine . . 6 vecceecseedss. 64 | Transparente? “de Sami-leeecer SWEttiS aE GnUCSE. heieiaw ee te 212 (synonym of Vineuse Rouge). 233 SWINEZ 6. oa occ duccsescevsdeses I2V |- Transparente) een ae eee SWUM ZOUSRO4 soe Se ee Ie (syhonym of Yellow Trans- SIWITZEROS So ouh eo epeee es cles OTIS parent). . 4°. 3.26 2es eee 248 SYLVESTER . .. y..sss0%eenhsis0s 220, | Lvansparente dc ane eee 239 Transparente Jaune (synonym of Vineuse Rouge)) 32 233 TOfftat . 0.0000 e web ecsscsse sss 239 | Transparente Jaume (syneuyaimes TALL OCU as ny ae eee at Oe hea aS Yellow Transparent} es ao 248 allowimAp pled ce eee eee 128 | Transparente Rouge eee 238 Rallowar yp pi ease ee eee 128 | Transparente Vierie see eee Re LOTS iL OKI ee ae re 43 | Transparent Muscone pee 239 ART BOUCHE actus 220 | Travers...) 222) eee 184 Tart Bough (neania oi ‘Barly Travers Apple’. & pe ELARV ESE) <= arta oe een eee 51 | lravers Peppin ee Tart Bough (synonym of Cham- Travers Pippin. eee 184 Pla) eee ok Se ee eee 30 | Travers: Remetie™ 2 eee 184 Terenmouine te divkewtdwee wh... 223° Drenton Bane 8I Tennessee Early ail SRV Foes Fe 55 Tsarsku Schip? =e eee 45 Lete -CAnce® seman ere ee 29. | ‘TUFTS. ..... 2.0 eee 226 Tete de‘Chat ..00.2......0..5.6. 29°) [ufts Baldwin eee Tetottsky . caer ..s.. 220 | Luafts Seeding = p22 =e Tetofski (sient of ele . 112 |. Turn Of Lane ee 174 Tetofski (synonym of Tetotsiap 220 | ‘Twenty OUNCE) eee 227 a ETORSIVE nostns see eee eee 220 | Twenty Ounce Papp eee 227 Tetofsky (synonym of July)...- iz | TYRE Beauty, Soeeeeeeee eee 229 AIPEO AIRE ante sc tue ee eee ese eae 222 THOMPSON .... Sue 222 Thompson Gare No. DAnaersn 222 | Uncle Sam’s Best =2- see 64 I RLOTIVSOD INO; BL seas asses ka c 222 | Underdunk ...> eee 30 Thompsows Seedling No. 20). iit 3) OatERe) oe 1: ee Thompson's Seedling No. 38.... 090 | Utter’s Large Rea Ji ae 230 TINMOUTH ..2..0.5.0250:.003.... 223 | Utier’s Red .. 7) ee INDEX TO PAGE. Vandervere (synonym of Van- LEWES) Fie Rec a nee aa 230 Vandervere (synonym of Van- devere Pippin) . 231 Vandervere Pippin .. 231 WPA UICC Ie hae = oxic ho Ae Se hee 8 230 RRMNIDEVERB 8 .)e cls oes eek es 230 VANDEVERE PIPPIN ... 231 Waandeuere Yellow ......2.85 06 231 City, DORIS VE Di a 62 Van Dyne Apple .. tee en i a7 7, mone yns Pippin oc... sess. ses, 62 Van Kleek’s Sweet..... 100 "GPE, Sa, OS a 6 Vermillon d’Ete . 178 CFULOUE 5 SA ae ee a Are ae 30 VACHIWOWE PIPPIN: © 665. oe lee os 222 Vermont Pumpkin Sweet ....... 172 Vermont Sweet . 172 ‘W T\CRORUILA, 1605 3 Cate orn eee eee 231 VGUOTIOMSWUCEY oo. ee een 231 WENGGLUG SIWECTING 00. obec e ea es Dai WHGEROALS AND DRINK 2.5 2... .3 233 VER MVNO EL, 2h ee ke eee 87 SV PUNIEOIST PINOWGE Wi). vie ocean's 6 0's 233 Vinnoe Krasnoe Osennee ...... 182 Cn OREO 5. 5 CR Ege ee aa 244 VP UMA L EC a re 142 VUELOS SLC re 177 VV OP OROSD INOS 21 Ge eee 247 Wabash Bellflower... . 125 Walter Pease . 161 "I CURLIOTUE 5 ee nee 30 Waondems Pie Apple v.02 6.2.8. 203 WAAHOUES MEAP DIN 3c cca. Caplin coe 121 Warren Pennock . 53 Washington (synonym oft ‘Sons of Wine) . 1208 Washington Gomori af Nach: ington Strawberry ) ob eel Washington (synonym of oo Bough) . 217 Washington Co. Sronline Seay See 234 Washington of Maine .......... 223A WASHINGTON STRAWBERRY ..... 234 CUNT ANTRTDT as a a ee 236 Waterloo... .. V-ARIETIES. eee eee see eee eee ee Watkins Early Watson's Vandervere eee ee ee eee (le) ye) 0) eke) 49) «ee 10 WEALTHY ... Weinapfel Rother Weimappel Rother Weiser Hawthornden Velis a so: a Aa aR Westbrook ... moO OO CO O10 CO Om 6 oe ee eee se ee see CC Cy Western Beauty (synonym Grosh) . Western Beauty (synonym @OhiowNonpanel) ieee ae VWWANNEBICTS. IRCPBCN S866 660 bnc8o + White Apple (synonym of Haw- thornden) . White Apple (phone & Dae White) . White Astracan....... WHITE ASTRACHAN White Borodovka White’ Graft of Wisconsin ..... White Hawthorndean White Hawthornden White June . WHITE JUNEATING White Newell .. an White Seek-No-Further WHITE SPANISH REINETTE...... WAVHCRS PIC CR PPR eke iV NIRS eee WILLIAMS . Brea eae ms Ey Walhams Early... ...2.:.. Williams Early Red ... Wilhams Favorite ........... Wiliams Favorite Red ... Wiliams Red Wilhs Sweet . . Willis Sweeting Wilsons June Windower ..... Wine (synonym Of ieee Seaton). © e100 © 0 © © © © © © 6 0 © © © 6 @ GCO0 00000 0°6,0°00'G)0 010 ec ee ee ee ow 8 eee ee ee ee ww ww re er? Ce ee eee ee eee @) eige) ©) eles) ele) ee 0) ce) (=) ©) 6) 0/10 OO 0 Ce On Os DCCC nO oe ee ee ee ee wwe ee ee Wine (synonym of Fall NWSE) 6 Wine (synonym of Richard Grate) ae a ge Nema. Wime (synonym of Twenty OtitaCe)) aes ae oases coe Wine of Cole a 290 INDEX TO VARIETIES. PAGE. PAGE. VINE GRUBETS Heo c7 eee ee 244 | Yellow June (synonym of Kirk- Vinter: Chandler ie sree Hee 31 bridge). ...22.42.22 eee VanteraGolden Sweet ere ees Yellow Juneating 22a 51 Winter Pearmain (synonym of Yellow May |. 2 240 Long Island Pearmain)....... 124 | Yellow Summer Pearmain ...... 166 Winter Pearmain (synonym of Yellow, Sweeting = eee 81 Long, Redy Reariiain) pee oe 125 | YELLOW TRANSPARENT .......... 247 Winter Seek-No-Further ....... 88 | Yellow Transparent (synonym WINTHROP GREENING .......... 245 of Thaler) |.) 3 ee WiOoLRy RIVERO. ce scat ene Mees 245 | Yellow Vandervere ....255.2--- 231 Wolf River (synonym of Alex- YorPP .. 6s eee 249 der) ey sce eco eee 3 | Yopp's: Favorite >... eee 249 Wolmanis Harvest ce nee eee eee 215 | YORK: . oid... 2 249 Woodstock (synonym of Blen- York and Lancasie; eee 193 heim) Ai: i. bs ae eee 21 | York Pippin (synonym of Fall Woodstock (synonym of Dyer). 49 Pippin)... o 3.033 ae 62 Wroodstock Pippinesn. ss eee 21 | York Pippin (synonym of Golden Woolton sary a sen 215 Pippin 1). 22.3). 2 See 7 Woolman’s Harvest ............ 215 | York Pippin (synonym of White Woolman’s Striped Harvest .... 215 Spanish Reimette): 3 eee eee VWrooluerton eo ees ee 127 | York Russet (synonym of WORKIAROE ice, c5s om ten iereee ns Gee Cheeseboro)\_:-< ae eee ag Waiiderapi clan heer ee 3 | York Russet (synonym, of Pumpkin Russet) = seen 170 York Russeung 2... eee 33 VankéesApplewioc. cane ae le, 172 Vellow Bouse seat ee ee 217 | Zarskischip. <3 = .2-. eeeeeeees VEELowe CALVINUEGE © a. okies 247 | Zarski Schip + s5.-0 eee 45 Viellow lat Ma ee ee oe 118 | Zarski Zars\.202) = eee 45 Yellow Harvest 02. 5.2.....+-... 51 | Zolotot Renel = ase eee 70 Yellow June (synonym of White Zour Bough «0.5 eee 168 Juneating) ... 3:....0.6..5.... 240 |.Zuzof of Tuttle 2 eee 5 CRABAPPLES. Age (Guill Syasonsoacosdouse¢ 269 | CORAL. ..22..5.2 52a 252 CURRANT 2. 0/2 oee 2a eee 253 Baccata fructa oblonga......... 261 | Current Crab -. 2 eee 253 RATE Yon CRINESON i ance eee caer: 251 Bailey's CAM SON ey 251 | Darrmours: re 253 Briar “Sweets es ae eee 251 BRIER + +--+ 2222s e eee ees 251" | EXCELSIOR ... 20) eee 254 BON SS WECLS ana ae 251 Brier Sweet (synonym of Brier) 251 Bo, Sieh Guia Coan FLORENCE . 3)... 6.05 See 255 VV GY Chey east chs Ge Coober eae 268 GIBB... 6.55.65 en eee 256 @HERRY c5 50 teamidscitcc me oe 252 | Golden Beauty =...) eee 269 INDEX TO PAGE LSND D (> 2065 eee oe eoeo 257 LAUTSIECID | 26g Sauron eee ee IS 257 IPARGESINED, SIBERIAN... .<. 0... 0.- 258 LARGE YELLOW SIBERIAN....... 258 IL PST oe ee 2590 CPE. INOS ee ee are 250 Marengo Winter Crab ......... 259 AUR TRERTEUR ah Ae gee 250 ESTO I oe 260 LO OEQTU o RONG Ee 261 MONTREAL, ISEAUTY ...).......- 261 CELING $3.25 5u soe ae 261 Oblong-Fruited Siberian Crab.. 261 Oblone Siberian Crab ......... 261 UEARGD, 5 bo sna ee 261 ! IPA, LUN Se 262 PME MAMESERUAT A... 6 od soc es ee oe 263 [PACTS 5 os 6» EE I ee 263 PRGUT SU 263 MOMMeE IGLOSCIe oo... oc cece ss 253 VARIETIES. 291 PAGE OWNER terres testers tre ceatious w ste 263 @OUEREND GHOICE eco ete eisetes 264 ON OETES (OAVQUEE” se boob co GOOGooE 264 IRED ee SIBERDAWNE cx. fsa eeoe e-omiere so 264 SEPTEMBER. sissies oe uae, Saves es 264 Siberian Crab (synonym of Red Sibentani)en cake och oe eee cots 264 Siberian Crab (synonym of Yel- lowe Sibenian)) eseeees se ae 269 SOUMARD entra te eet mies Ue aie, 265 ERANISCENDENM seiasce estes aie 266 UR GWSCEMW ERIE wacko «erie 267 IV EAI SVNDY CK re eee crn aes es 267 Van Wyck (synonym of Brier). 251 Vaan Wehr Siberian. Voone es -3 268 Via VVWCR PS Weel Wan. ee ns es 268 VA BEIT: eget vate Go ctNicien cc Bosc eiirc otis ee 268 Wahtinesy NOs 20 08 si. 3 j0 oie oo 268 WIRELOW! SIBERTAN jn) si cere sess e « 269 to - Pe eee oe COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. Volumes J and 2. (Accepted names appear wholly or in part in roman type; synonyms in italic.) VOL. I PAGE Aloe ILPRCOU. eis Roe OMT SOE PR ae EN ae AL DOPOUCORB FE 8 En SOS OR ee ey ee ane ae 227 ALECWUOREON, 8 sige RA APRN IO Re ee NDR AI am eae oO aS 227 ACHIGGIAG | TLIC ee ee RS ANN an Ae dake Se Hicwoa-leaued Reimette ....4..<...06.-2. ENG tn Uh. Na cea sania 52 ENDIRONIDAGK 9.00, 33.5. <. ree ctr e see atic ge ol ire eum oe Neen aN a iets iene, LXEDIMUTIRANBELTD, 6d S88 Boece tA RE Cr ee ae ZE SONS SPW TLOC St ee EE Ae on ee 120 LESOMIS SPUAALUC A OR eee Soo eae 120 LE SOS SPEESLO OU OMAR Oe OE eee Mn area en) nr 120 AE SOMIS SMETANA Oe Oe A ae er 120 ALEC 0 oo bb COO OO FO a ER GCE AE ra eer AI PAU EDSM IMI BECTa (OL MO OWAUMING)\< 2 'ses hae be i Giesacie lle oo 6 oe 4I Alene S RCD. SCRE Ae ee eae 4I ARC 0.6.0 0.6 5 BOS ORs OC Oa Ge Tr Pir ic ee AI TRI — 3o.6.0.5.0. 5°05 COS ODE IE TT ea ate, neg AI Allein IRCG '3 8.6 6S RSS OPOERH SRO en MO Abe ees rane Pr Ee 4I Allein SCOW(BE ERS HL One DEEL OCT OE eee AI AIRES TROOPS EGE E LOE ROR SAE res 4I AND ORUCHPUR 28 8 kA OO tac Oa Eat ERIE terete Ce Rey A he A 146 PA CHID OAL CHE PPV | ve sisal a. aio oo a) 8 Sache Siele weiwieia's Bede seas 18, 146 AU OOP UBD! ses 5B SORE ae ICE COLOR O ae e rt e ENLISTION . oor Sd’ Bak A ator ere OE I nen Ore oa Po Al gta rR I AQTLDSZA INDIR: So OS Bp IE CIENT Oe ICR ee nee eas 17, U3, ZO, - AE EMABSSO ACN MISR GL Crk OW Pate ts ha a simu s eerie pais ai iss eos eeilensies slavacds sw eteraogne 25 ANCL OUDONGR ION ET RSS ES A SES LC RE EO OSE Ee ACER GET OD SSCL Ee HOSOI OO NEE CR A OR eee AWC ALGIERS A MERE EOS SER LE ETC ORO IO IO Se ee RR 227 POMIPIRUON GON Mamet (iecpcta ct eee oS. rsemhiis Sadie a ceelle' «vals alee steeataltnnc tenerdas cds 42 VME OM MIE UD PUM orinicdel cya rate ita a es a laite aos or oer aea a a ee uae, aoe L 42 PoME VS ON M I D cel ap Pe foot antonio te Go let iat! GON es sear ajiane tual wracehatchdlaicte sys ae esens 43 AU ORACLE REED OCS oat a ASO or nore ae 181 ES INPINGGTUN? “c8 RWG Cee eee Forest ote n-decane a 44 Ape? (CHIDO OE A OE ee I ete APU OD VOL. II. PAGE. 178 269 294 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. AMVCTICEN. nine hv n se as ees ole ie see oleic PE ae eee American Beauty (synonym of Sterling).............. 45, 319 American Beauty (synonym of Sheriff):.........-2 52262. 308 AMERICAN BLUSH: Sicck. chile. ceoscew eee oe oe eee 45 American Blush (synonym of Hubbardston).............. 161 American Fal a5 as song no ee ee Ope ee American: Fall Pippin 2.0 306.2. bone) ae eee American Gloma Mandixads 6s hse ae eee ito American: Golden. .c.ccscikek hs duds Dos cee ee eee eee American Golden Pappin. oon ooo ons eek es ee eee American Golden>Russet.2 i. ecce es oo o2 ese eee ee eee 89 American Golden Russet (of New England)............. 164 American: Mammoth von ose oo a ee 2 Oe ee American Mother. sss 3c vie ec eens one ook ee ee eee A American Newtown Pippin. ....0.........42.sese eee 146 American Nonpareille ..c55. see ste ok oes coe ee 161 American. Pearman od. sc2s 0% osc os. so ese eee Sane AMERICAN: PIPPIN: a0 w...Quee aici se «oe Da ne ee 45 American Red ...00 02 oe Sons tee Los eee American Red Juneating o.0..20..05002. oe oe eee American Seek=No-Further ..22.2.44 2-46 eee 273 American, SUMMEer-% voi.) os vesols ok dee eee ee Amencan Summer. Pearman ...2......-5.2 eee eee INMIOS: Sp alece ave dota ase id Gee Bae ake Oise Sees ie cue ee 46 Amos JOCRSON sis os oe Roe soe eee ees PO ee 46 AMSTERDAM) 2 Seada. 36 os weeials sie stele ae dae eos eee er Amsterdam. Sweet. cn. 858 oo 5.0 hs oe oe eee ANDREWS 05.65 3 nle oes ce satiewios Sesiti sOS 16 eee 46 Andrews: Winter 085 4 oo. ok oe Oe 46 Anglesea Pippin oo. owns vse ccs ables Oo 4 5) eee ee IAIN TSH Siok ope e erste eee I eee EES en OS 2 5 26 ANISIM Se. 250% wees Sele a Bie ed see nie eee we oe Oe Antsim: (of Peterson) isos sore es cae ce eee Ce ANntenouRa@’® os ws eee oe co eee Uh ee one eee ANtONOWRG,: oo 3 5 Sadiare cle Be Oe Oe oe eee ANTONOVIKA j3)s05 clblsere chin coke © Peale Soe ee ee ANEONY | % sa incesis numiee see aioe ed es eee APA S06 OS ales eee Oe Se ae DD Oe oie ee 181 Api eller ss Sag be Be EMER IO ce Be es RO EE ee 181 Apt Pin oss ys ee oo ews toe eee I8I Apt. Ordindine a:. cde oo Soke See en ee eee 181 Apt (POtt cect ie e ae ne ee BOE eee 181 Api, ROSC> Acai cn oe ne eee 181 ApieROUBE wh Sons Pees ae ke wee eee I8I 1.020) .3 ae rae erin ae mI mur nA AG OS od bo 5 2 APORT GROUP? Pal oo oe 5 eee eS ee ee 2ONS 25 PAP OV LG osetia cree ne ee Bors oceeee ee eee ee ee ee eee eo © ect eer erw eer eee eee eevee VOL. II. PAGE. 110 241 NNN AU WN COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. AL POGTGE IN GHETTO Sar tee ecuhies otic atn Nc RAT LON okt eno eI ASIC: (QURITDIN (UM AH EH Aber telite sc 5 TaUin ate winiainen. iets ner meio aad emer Aleit (OPH eG oo Pe Pps SOD ee ae Peep ep ea ae eRe ALDINE OR COUGHS LE ee ar A ee 66 ALB DUB OF ANC Tre on aie ings ere eee ae 363 LIBS) IR OUGG Rao Be es Ee RIDES OCHRE CERI TRS RL RE 181 PETS MMM aN cpeten S Ba aos Roti te VaR eR IA S acatdien «gual nepern te. aos i oeaulcho ons BERCTIC £5 66 te Stoo SS RE RON ae arr a ae ra 24 ALE: IRE OSGI Ay AE ene a EO Ee AA2OGL IK VOSS DIES Seen ROE NOE CE a PAU EOO NV OUSIUUY. cos 05 once es EA Sienna ene Behan ae a ARIEL INGAS,,. 8c Seca caries Oem ect a Mame er neti se sheers at eG nee eS Pee 24, 47 VACUIDS USOENUD LUST cctas tele «6: c/a 0's) cAele’e a) ogc ahs mirene eiete sya elelare I40 ARES AAT ASP BUN UET Va vse cs Seas crs doniaie k aGrole Wi idaieie. woleiyete si dkaces w'sbeue = 49 PRESEN A Seam yA KG Poet las Sic is Acie feloddls cece cietcieltom a Widen ele wise sce 24, 49 Mgvansosepiace (synonym of Arkarisas))....5:2-0-- 4+. 4. - 47 PA ES OGRE OGR OU WES i. aoe. Wao ae Sek wk inie re: Balam Goo eel siene Ns SO ASARGISTIID * see BOGE CL OO Oe ae 47 ATENGLID 96 o'da creche ERASED CRORE or CEE an nee oe ear ar 50 ALONE S SCOMIET eae ae ce ROCCE OE OE ee 50 A ODEDONLE SSD) IN OMI EIEY Bane OE ene erga ap a ee RESEND Cem Cr Pema eae pate ae MS ad aha Ox leya gua ig evento ans 116 AIT TEIUTE, 6 26H Btb Sch ROE ener en ea ee ena 51 A MANET CIE SA OIE EOP TSO Oe Ee VASTTOCOMISCHLEY, “SOMMUGH, ioc ccs cau ais elds ca wociedess ee ee.ee ASAD CDI. LR OWGLA ert RBS AOAC SRE eee SL a ee ALSTITGICL GHD. 2 GEES NS St RO NA Ot aces hee Oe Tarn De CEE ALSHOOIVGD. AR OWLS ONG Cae NC ee ER ee Hae ALSHPDCHID VWWALTIG os Die OAS COO CO AOE ee Tae VST IE GHG UMEIN OU SC ere eee Ne ea bore so ch oat N CHER she ecole Oa oles aE ALSERCOOS POE ASGOS SAE OP ASE EO eT ee ee ee AL ICPUML 6.8 5 CeO 8 ok SEES ER OT OR ee LRT CUBL °S 5 Ges OS IO SEP erates ented One an ne ra a ei E 52 ACUOEY OU oo Ba EE OG OPO Oe 52 RTOS 0-2 & Ga BOO e CRS RSI ESCs A fe OR OP AMES tee (SMO My ATI Of JUlliy, ee siete ie eel ea Sie fe eho ABS ANDO Ree OOS CO ES OL RE LA TCTE STON, 5 Si srcsie’ es oes sess tae NC er ea Pe Stott ALBUS SUUGOL sop OB Ol SIS eR ON St OP EN SE ae ALBIS SCUGO WED CISA BE eS ee One ER a NE ee Or ALE ID OP CUS S38 50 BO ROO ae Se Ae ee 145 Ant “GINNME os neice ae See: EA Vg Ate ae an ieree e. hiny tee JNO AAOUG) Eee cl oes OL, Cee Ag SEO EOE EE ee ee eee UI SEIGE SETAE Is AOE RC TER AER Te et Te ee 236 AUuMNnal BOUZIW™ ..s8 as... Pe PAR AP WT vara GN. Olate ons Autumnal Swaar (synonym of Autumn Swaar).......... 295 VOL. II. PAGE. 233 ife) II 296 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. Autumnal Swaar (synonym of Autumn Sweet Swaar).... Autumnal: Sweet cee. su on & hie yen © ho a ee Autumn Bough (synonym of Sweet Bough)............. Autumn Pearmain (synonym of Winter Pearmain)....... 378 Autumn Pearmain (synonym of Long Island Pearmain).. Autumn Pip pinto ack ce oe Goku s oho eae OREO AULWIMN VIROS C2. hoo Wain ss Sees dis Gli ae eee AUN: SCCRNOTUr ther ta. das dae aan ae sae eee AUntimn SIrOwoer rye «as cones aoe eee Cae eee AUTUMN: (STREAKED s 3 @ oscie dnciosdiold didi tuori wise eh eae Lavy Sree AUTUMN “SWAN AR roc a Paleoeta eee cere erste aie nibh asic ieee ay; Autumn Swaar (synonym of Autumn Sweet Swaar).... Autumn? SWE’ 2 cic Ge wonsd euike eso Ooh ee eee Autumn S Weel BOUgh «va cmceamneid an Shee ee AUTUMN SWEET SWAAR!¢% (So.0ks boc. e oe ots alee ee eee AVENY GS WEE aici cts Necetel cic rate etotaiey Ren sytnes \avcbc al oS engee aye ae IBA BITTE deve operas niece aera fe herons Gusrates ai arel Schoener One un a 53 BaDUSCHENO = nese Goose Sad haa RO ee BQDOUSCHRIUNO® 4605.8 5he io oie ste: oh epasere doe KG no, See BOOUSHRAUNO ooo kak os Moles so bas le ae I eee BOCcatafructaOOloWwed Red.0s see hos oe ee eee BOC CLO A iia Be ork co oe SS WET Oe 88 BaGRACHCGR Ge Wa Ses 6 Oe eee eek en Blevelnte See 146 BECTON ead HOR OLD eR TATE GSN Oe OO Oe 158 BaAibey Crimson’ “(Crab)i cre eters ae oe) scene ete eee Baileys Golden“ Sweet). sone soci sae 2 oe eee 54 BAILEY: 7) SPICE. Sy charw mos # fm Hehe coe at ste todas. & eee eens Oe Batley s“Spr6es Vises Son8 oh See oe tS NOR eee BAILEY: “SWEET -: BOOMS IRCO! 20 bid os RAO OE COS OD CED ER CeO A Inne re IGG We LAG GPO SBS LAO AO ee ee ee ee 2604 /32G) SOUR (SITU OR pie RA aE Caan ee LS PAESGIICHRIOD. 9 Seis Seer cake RAE Tee aa RE Ce SLED RODOOSINGD, (58 5 CHG Og eee era Ge Pen ner no BOW IBORMGAB: siosoleces ce shee OREN eC ia ea ea aren Ce gree 75 LEGO IBOWRE Seo SoD OL EO OC EA EE Cee 75 OUI Of AUSORS:: OE Pee OMA RES AE Re A eae Fire CUE Ge ALOSCOOVIES TRO COS ORACLE ee ee BUG Ge ASOSZO OVERS BAAD SS OR AD ee ee BOW CAOTHOUTS BR ae OL REE RIE Teer at Te PELY SERS OWE! G2): ISOL IG Ba ROCA OORT RE CIO Te A a ec ee aE 290 BOC ID VOCUS COBH OO OG LOE OC EINE Sn Te or JESILICID,” Ioan" [BYOUNNG Oictaey eps nectar a ace Ee Ge ere ee aan ne EE se 67 ISCWG TEOMA TES SOUT 5 Rt SBM OOO Ee RS Te MEE tae ee 264 BOW JEUUDOISO ee RA COS PE GE OO EE ON 381 MIC STUCU TAM ini Mian Ca) at at aN SN th tei Seni ete i PAR Wl 8 381 BONCS OCDE GOLHTES See SA OS CEE COE ODE 381 BONS HOSUR Megha Drie Stee ORS lee ay diy eS rs ea ee ee ee 381 207 VOL. II. PAGE. 14 14 14 298 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I PAGE Belle Josephine (synonym of Gloria Mundi)............. Belle Josephine (synonym of White Spanish Reinette).... Belle Of BOSROOp Gen aon a HG flee AO a ee Bellerdouskoe: sgudecardinwcas Oh Gace ones ee Belle TOS Asc te tie lds ee SoBe ae OE Oe Ce Bell-Plower 20). Rie ose oh Oe 381 Belhower 25 okad poh Wok ee eee 381 Belliower ot thee. West... su: eee On ae eee Bells Barly? sok vias ois Slee Some «ne ee Bell's: PGUOnate. ic wank brs sak @ oenton eee nie os ok Ee Bellyband” gions Se RRR Dee ie ee 67 BEE MONT (ie Wich lee aa levels yeu ce oat Gee Ula eane 67 Belmont Late si 3.8 i. eee eee 67 Belpre TRWSSCE Bee BE A ae Oo 293 BEN: SIDIAVAS is 875 tates Cech eis ee ere as 17, 10, 10) 22s Bens: Od ies oars ROR bo Biee dae Oe ee BOUni ger 6 ceialiak Gk oid bea Rieeies Ae) Oe eee BENNINGER) ‘24 aide scans ice Gea A soe tne ee Bennmin Sion 8s x6 Boe nd ae RO Od oe ee BENON Tiiiss. fi ood Seiage seid Sinan miele Ge ee BENDERVe sees wiahes Sea Seana wate ae RE Oe ee 7a Bentley’s Sa VOCE «Sec Lak OS UG eink Se Bee Eee 7k Bev ZOO: ais ds eee ak oo cowed Doweh See R ene aE Ee BERGEN Ose die enclave oso esate bs ustin Jove java Kolotos tye ohio ae cu BOHH 9) oles Gia a hetons ees bon ela dard do lotoie detoke 1G Bae GC ee 227, Berry. Apples vce saeione teas uct eats ern ee a Ber sfOrd lok 26s aah Siw ed Bier a hae ee eee 269 BESS’ POOL 2 Fe Gas EO os A thes Oe Gr a SO eee 72 Best POO cee een WANS Se ORs ea ee fi BETHEL Siac he He eames veers ae yA ey aero) eae IQ, 24, 321 BETHLBHEMIGB 500 S005 0 g.6 allure sheers tia suesg te anew eitnar aoe eee 74 Bethlenite co Cee ceo btn oa wae ee oe eee 74 BrelborOdoUsle@. “as Soke eek seis ee dae Oe BIERIGHEIM ER soi wale hg eo Seiten tie ne ae ae Ae eee eee Big Hill (synonym of Nickajack) . & rahe ve. Mueticote ok Seteieke te eee 227 Big Hill (synonym of Pryor).. es Osco 00) Big Rambo (synonym of Wester Beaute “o. be ee Big Rambo (synonym of Grosh)) score ar eee Big Romanite (synonym of Greyhouse)-...2....- 5.5.58 153 Big. Romaniie (synonym) ot, Pennock)e-: ot enc. eee 255 Big SWCehs cas senate le ok aust aan ee a ote eee Bis Vand ever eis acerierei ck tense ease Ri ee ee eee BItEev BOND. Woon ee eeu eee Oe Seen ORT enone 75 BIRTH oe cen he Be LAs ae eee Sa ee ener eras ian aerate Bisho pis (Pip pin Ob UNOVaSCOtlan eae ee ee 381 BISIWARE Re leo is cca a ccitk cod, patios o SE OT eS Cee 25 BASU OR Reo TAG OO oer ee IB] WAU WA AISUI LB eae OOOO 65.0600 6650505.90000000000999000 79 VOL. II. PAGE. 77 241 25 I5 168 148 203 203 39 15 17 239 89 233 221 18 19 19 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. PAGE Ee SKPANNENIEST DES. 5050 3) tok Sian eh a Sin aS ls hoc o uabelorentrerwe atc, Susvcoasvo law Ahr ouaneoate 76 iblaceeApplen(Syaonyim ot Black Yiersey)).. 22+ seks 45. oo. 70 DiiGueApples (synonym wr Detroit Wed): 24505408. 5.454. ERE ISCUOTUN) See KE SOAR eT OE RIAL ee ae is wat OO EDI licamm Es ANID) AWA Sete ccc ae an aicele ales itr aig adv ovel.a ap eiehace der gieltbusc ace se ai 76 Ne maC iO aus + (symomyin Or GanO)\o..es52.6 04-6 ce oes 135 PUCCEIODUPTE SE SSRIS CEE ee ee 88 EGC IDGUPORES RA pA ees eee OA ate MD ie ENGR GIEETRPOWER! 6.6 .a0.e cs oe Sc 's oh plea ces 12, 0), 7, Wo, BA, Gl7/ SLGGI2 J OC 6 Ss RO LO TN ee COREL SRI Een near, ee 153 LACIE LCPSOW se certecees Pel Ie RCIA cle rein oe far an oan 70 PAPA CKMOAD ae APPIER 5 ra)s) ol.d.cs 0. elarnleeieic sab ss Sasi ols ie ae eae ean ee 182 ISNOGE IPORROCRSs Shc RACE Ee RE ER TE Teer ieee ae 153 Sigéle SPUBs sedan d ens cond RCC ce eae ee eee Ti, lace SPHES LOT LS ae eee Oe ee 132 BGC SP Wo sPa@ccee cet ke Oe Cee Crore eee carat aoe 189 Blac SQCCisco sees ee CO ae ee 219 Slacks I GUBE Sor ORO 6 lee Oe tenn One nT ere 247 Bloc | QRUCEICTOIS ae TOO eo ee ee ee 153 lace YV ONRGGECLE SOAS OO EC ee 153 ISNOBIP 0 0 0-0 o:es8-05D COG OES OT CEE Cn ae og rae 208 NGACRE 5 o KBE GRIER EE ne SloiEhse CILSPOLUGR Ban Aden eo Oe oe ee ieee GULCCR LESS ACO ee ne JENLTSINTTEIBIIIME -¢ 0 9 G15 PBvOeO GU OEON bibal RECUR A oR care gg Blgcalnenn. OPORLO Rate OOO ODO Ae a ene eee Slemhesn JER Renee oe On Ce a ane ere JE UCCALD CHA STOLE RIS Oks ODS SER Cer eee aH ee ee TESA Ot THREE te re cet eeV NPE isle cdars vc Sil enoslel sik oh 4 140 6:5 br gusliee Huon elarsselavel Soong , OPROVECISE SAA CHOSE OO aoe DO Ore eae Eilieee BOUL Bee Bee SOO Oe SEINE Oe 60 Riniga,. JPBARINCAIBN: OE Od OS A A aire DON. Gos Seek onic Foti Ae Mint ane nr eee eae nner eee ae 82 BOMBA AUD OPIS 0 Gio kl Sick eT OE aT an AER 82 OM OOM TSM bere Nae geet 2 US eens Gates) ae a Roel Siarians hart 269 TEROISTUINE 5 cis AUR rab ceo Go te cid aca RE OAc ar ee OR ONMINIGA ae arr eturat cpereuatera clare oetacceta) BEN Monies fe arab atians ay ghsracacew arate 299 VOL. II. PAGE. 20 46 46 241 241 239 20 21 21 21 69 21 85 22 aa ISI ISI 83 83 m8 23 24 300 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. Borovinka: Angluskata: .. 5... 23365 2 oa eaene oe ee Boroviisky (synonym of Oldenburg) .2.... 2.22.25 eee eee 25 Boroviisky (synonym of Borovinka)? =: ----2-- -22e-eeeeee BOrvoWicks : so scscisna coe te ee bess ee eee BOvOWSRE © 0 cia aa Ss cea Sd bape ees ee ee ee eee BOrvOUnisey: conv. os cain oe oi 2 od ee eke eee BORSDORF 5223 se ak 22 es bo oe bee eo eee 83 Borsdorfer (synonym of Borsdorf) :.22.-:-..> 22 eee eee 84 Borsdorjer. (synonym of Anisim)..-< 12.2 22.2 eee BOSKOGP 2 .ies.. 0.) Abe beats a eee ore nee eee Boston RUSSEP sci. 45. oe 32 doe sos ae ae eee 85 Boston Russet (synonym ot Roxbiry).......:-.-ooeeeeeee 293 Borris; GREENING: Go octv eee oes coho. bene kee eee 24, 8&5 BOUCKEN® Coo so sa foes. e dale ohe.s ooeus es oe ee ee 86 BOURNE 255 pib.sin Seda Hac Gis n Oe Se sioms Oe ee ee eee Bough, Early: Sweet. 2 sca. <2 se eee ee Boush! SwWeeb oo oes kee jase = sss 15s Pe eee eee Bow Apple |. 55.5 Fis seein ounce cee ba oe ese eee Bowers Apple 22s sp.2% Saas iis ces - es eee eee 329 Boys DELIGHT <4. 65255 0.0 Selb ee ee eee 86 BrACREN ocho 5 0i33 28525 ads Sh eos Se eee eee eee Bracy’s. Seek-No-Puriher | 0.5422 22 ce0 pn es eee BrandyWine fs... 2285 05. 2 SRE ea ee ee 213 Bread and» Cheese: 2. s< 2022.45 ss 962522 2-2 eee 273 BRESKOVEA’ G3.gece oasis os Shee Pele Hans Bs eee Briar Sweet so..8 6s vada eee Barr (Ctab) ss Access. Soa eae ee eee Brier Sweet (synonym ot Brier). .3: . 5. -2 525 Brier Sweet (synonyin of Van Wyck). —-. 25222) seeeeeeee BRIGLIANT. 52/6005 PS aa athe oe Geb SE eee eee BRISTOL. (55 ..0056 lone abas ew ieee ee 1k hE eee 86 Bristol (synonym of Red: Canada), - =. 54.2222. eee 276 Broad, River. . -2-.-45-ee 89 Bullocks’ Pippin: (synonym ot Ewalt)\--. 3-22-53 ee eee 124 VOL. II. PAGE. 24 I5I 24 ISI I5I COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. PAGE LE OUSIDE: 36 eC ASE Sah eNO R EE REO ran eee ere ee ee Meer SUTIN ISTO” LUT OF 5s OLR Rn RPC oe ae LIAL OMe cM OMe tee Arai en rale Soi cS APB 0 gua se 8 wi ola hem lees 225 Pa PIN CUO ME GHCCIUUCL A. kite une aise sis se de cls | oe ales cs 2 eee 282 SUI TAD. SOUS OCA Sates OE eR pa TOE Dae 225 I tip pia es re a leg lac sio 5, toa ai@aier-ai crater bracelet Sie, biseeee Gere ay [QUO LP DDDDAPIGOOA OEE OO TE a ee BVO. — opho® Ge Go MRE ORG ORE ee aoa aoa are 88 NCS CNET Ee che Onis Sidhaluaie bskotectiste aed aOR elape es Peewee ele 88 CONC. CHO CLLRS ete en Nc eee tA CGNSCISIWCRTLE. Se UNS AI tegen ei Pa eno Ree Nl a RR eI OP RDASENED ME (VICUIUECT i eenteoeis « wfochn’s. 40-088 esdle eg die Wi o.0ee © Wavsyedls QI, 176 IAS EIEN hn aio bg wa brary ac hbase Phe es Ps ended sree ce Cabashea (synonym of Twenty Ounce Pippin).......... 349 CODILMG ROIS TE TREO EM or a ge oe oT ETE COURGES LPRITTE CEE SOO AE I TOC er ere (COUCUNUC : IUTHTOR -oiR cehe eg eB OIC AEGIS i eae Lae ee ee 56 Colville We AGRRIGESALIE SOS on OO Oe a a ee COAG GRU ESTALLE MO Oe SE ee ene 85 CobeWhe LETTER Oe Le er er eae (COR DOUE “COSs ISOM ULEIS oe B DAIS OO OR AAC ECE eee COMUMSIS CR AOU Ge EU CA OE Oe ne a oe CROSSE ATION IO ACNE ee COSC E TDC CREA CAN RD SL ae Te ae (CA INTTETTBILID “5G ey 5 Sue RCO Ie a Parr eee gI SF REL OSI. <6 CEPOL EAS eae HR eee Or a eer ea CGD CLLS. 5S ie ac BOG TOE SORE TOE re oN Re CORO? 5 BE ACen pone ea oe neg Rg eS PIED MMO EAE DSNGLING cies ocho, e eeyeejaers. sje eet erere © eva.s dvee os, usra. saree osbls 25,. 92 Cane aon JE COLE: RON es OLA DOL Doro PEE ge eee Canada Pippin (synonym of Canada Reinette).......... 93 Canada Pippin (synonym of White Pippin)............. 368 Ciyjaadgeived (synonym ot Red Canada)... 22.2. .26 040002 276 Gonodaumikca (syiionyime Of. ROSeal) ose elses eee 292 COMMUG, AXGUSH OLE Sau aOR Rae OOO Eee 276 ERP AMO RCRUNIED DEE Wy iciens Gain hat oc et cyaiea he ie WAGON al Nae Soa 2208 Canada Reinette (synonym of Cheeseboro).............. Canadian Remette ........ es ie Oe ean OD a Mu ene 93 COPIES I GUNG OS Sesto Orgel cds tee MOISE eT CE Las ee Ae 93 C OUNDUON SEB Se 0S oo FOOD er och OER Ee eae ele oI CA INIRIOINE SLA OLTIOIIUD A. tot G SSORSICY oT sa ve MIE Ce EU PLIS eS Par a 95 CODD MN OT OA BS BRS OOS AeA RY EAE et ae eR a aaa 206 COPUMGGS GEoCS SAG MS ODS Sh Soe ce OO ee en Pence oe Te I8I (C ATRICROT OCS ea PR ADS cs SP es CU. hacen en A a aa 95 C OAUAR OLA ON, BERS oat ECO DIO ees eee 96 Canolind aCsyMonva«MmOtNiICkayiacks) cin eline aaae ee iekootent. 2277 Comolna (“rmouxnin Oi \WWoninye \feicenanes)) .454654564455005 (COOH A GE SA GET Oe ON OE BERS Ag Bee Ee EE ee 301 VOL. II. PAGE. 98 227 28 28 30 85 22 213 241 241 241 241 241 241 69 159 33 240 181 302 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. Carolina’ Red: June sve sobs eo in ea eee CarolngukKed Streaks eG. nae ee ee ses 69 Carolina Spice: Sion ec dak fale o vice end ode ee ee 227, Carolme- {synonym or Nickajack).-..22-- 24. oeee eee 227 Caroline (synonym of White Juneating)................ GARPENTIN® sie cleats Sse ore ete ae eee 96 Carpentin’ “ROMetle*\. face bed ca ok a eee 96 COV tNOUSE Sra 8 ee En Oe ee 138 CATHEAD: F828 al oie ae i a ope eS Cathead (synonym ot Cheeseboro)'..;.- 2... . eee Cathead (synonym ‘ot Fall” Rippin): =). 2... sone eee Cathead *Greening >. 2a. ae tee ee Catshead | ceo08 os eas dae eee Catshead Greening oder CR os own Shee ee Cattell Apple’ sn Ao ee GOW Eos Ba SHE Bote iain ot eee IIA Cayuga Reds Streak ick Sao ass oe ee CAV WOOD) So acts Golba.wsn:2 5s). che es ee eee Charinant BlOnGe tenses Sek ee es SE ee CHASE ioe Bs a ae Oe ee 166 Chatham Pip pins eoee sin. s soe ee ee ee 227 Gheat (synonym. of Domine) ys... «2. - 5 aoe ee 109 Cheat (synonym-ots Wells) 250 cen. tones ee eee 363 CheaianPappinr sin Ook ha RSS ke Bee eee 227 CHET ee oS Se ae Fe en ee ae ee eee 227 Cheesvorougn ek 25 sno os aes rE ee CEEESEBORO ...... SO PERC a Se one cas won 6o-s Gheeseboroa's IRUSSCE niin) eater he as ee 240 33 33 33 COMBINED INDEX .TO VARIETIES. SV CESEDOP OWA en BE OT ECE OO Eri DEESCUOROWEIVAIRUSSEL six cos siti Sie elie es 36570 8 ie lao he cen ee Wd eel “STEED GD) 6: cetadics BO ERD ROSIE COI orn PU ne a (OED: SHCA OGG as Hae eee OCR CIAO IS Ce ea —mrsmmse (Cire) 0 ea ree eine ae ere enema rrr wana Seer CL EROES LD DUG seca RCI REE eC On Sr ee CMirish IBOLE 2 Be CET Te eM ee ee Clits ISGRAD. ZAGX ere OCS Creer er eer ee ei rear (CARPASIUUOIS: 5 ete BOO ne ee eee (CHPISHOGS AUD RIG tie OOO ee eee On ree 181 Gist G olden: IREWette. 6226 ves sca sk oe ways bbs oes bees 114 Chote IKCTC) ae oe chess GooK 311 aT ee och be Sees: A585 a GD WRU ES WEA ee aos Bik Cusler ADDO. ab Eke os dR OC Pe ee Ee 311 CUITAOD, os SHEE OB EET TOCA ee Ne Teen ae Kees CLAIRE, [RILATE gig Gti eRe tI ae ae tease ce a rrr CLAREDE 3000.0 50 08 COC AOI Ieee ete nse eae era eee CUBAEE LECCE) Ace te Cee Se eo ROC ROL a ee eae ae CLE SAGES 35:65 Ge Wee Ce ae eee 96 Chae “TOG oh peed NACA Ce eae en er ee 109 ClORMCS=CTAOE DED DUC Oe Ne RT eae ee 145 (CALEB, cn 25 0.0.6 SONI Cie Se ee sre Ce nn a a CUM SCORING ce SSeO RAE ECCT AO ara ee an ee CDENDHOOE © 38 eye SE Gr ee ot ee Coubveiis Hall “(synonym of Fall: Pippin))......22..5..:.. Cobbeti’s Fall (synonym of White Spanish Reinette).... Cobbeti's Fall Pippin (synonym of Fall Pippin)......... Cobbett's Fall Pippin (synonym of White Spanish IPB IS)) ~~ Gc base P ROR ek GCI te rer a aa COMMING a5 6 cre o DUES CTS RRR Ie ar ara COM! LE ZSEMTC ar a ae oe ant En ane ee ee COES SPEC STOO OR er eo ee (COBIRELT so aio dbso lc CURR Rh ENGI o ae ae eet a 97 CORN COD ototn te ae SA ee eee ee 07 (CODECS Bhs FARES ROME ASE OO ea Laer eae 98 COPS IWWIBLIL 6 o's Gio AOS ota ics ote RI Ce Iron caer ara 98 COSSICUE TEU TTI LE eC Bee Orme Gee ne 98 C GUPLUIE ae cas BO Cc TCS CRO: OAT ATONE Set aD a CONES: QUTUCEN os oe ieee Oe OOS eee A Sr ee eee COLEA ITD 36 5 AB Ae occ ng ee eee eer GowlamereTewewntvs OuUGes 2.2% sem s+ chide bes the bot tee oe: COLLDING * do fae Sigh late est oicca See so oe eae tote ee RR neo 99 (COT TROIS, © GR IRE enced A ees ee Es aN ir ee ae aR CONSORT CTA OP coc SOUT i Cac Ort ROR ta (CORWTIBIRIC) 2 bac nuMetra He aa Sea ean eae ae COOGEE AD DUE ee Sid RR OS OI oe eee 200 COMPOMNE, Vaan asus ahs eo CY ie cs cig ete eee ee 329 303 VOL. II. PAGE. 33 33 35 35 304. COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. Compte: Orloff cide becbscactececa teens eee Comte WoronZ0ff v0 coo Ss cals ot 4 es oe ee Concombre Ancien (synonym of Fall Pippin)........... Concombre Ancien (synonym of White Spanish Reinette) CONGOTE, | xtiiveni he asad, soi shies Sante oe eRe ee 269 Conte’: June. 230 Lb bode EM eee COOPER -.4:605 Ss bate ele oes aie ee eee 16 Cooper's: Red. (synonym of Cooper Market) 222-200 eee IOI Cooper's Red “(synonym ot Etowah). ....- -- Loe oneeeee 123 Cooper's, Redling. . wsscc sc ci os bs 5 eck eee IOI Copmanthorpe Crab ........... beasts Re II4 Copp’s Mammoth xii: ond ns os jsicctae ee on eee Cotati sc kode eclee a b156 boat take eee eee Corau. (Crab) \ ic sed sei ines eatioae aa? ee CORNELL» sae. 2's, 05. Nit chaos antes, SA ok Boe eee Cornell. Fancy sic seen sce sb dos hee ee eee Cornel’s Favorite”. voieu aoa + otlssocee de os eee Cornell's Savewell ... oo03 shew es b0 6 does ee 299 CORNER Hise g5a) 0 5,5)-0)8 cs cisee male ae wy ore. 5 Sela & ah tel ol Sata SNC Cornish Gillilower (synonym of Scollop Gilliflower)..... Corse’s: St Lawrence: 2.2.30 oes dan eS ee COS OVONGE ie. nSo 8s Aw OR eR eed Qos eee Goss Ghampion 20 os oh. wien s en eee 99 COStOTE iio 5 ovens ORS Se a eed See Oe Costard “Ray < vos. aswa nu ceive te ones se eee Count (Orlot doe ae oc 4 Sa es ose eee COUSTOGE ai he, Re ee ee ee Pets Cox ‘ORANGES. ea oeimanine peer Loeb ase’ dacs oe Cox's Orange Pippin sees c hoe ee De eee Cox's POMONG cc. sesins seis Sele eee CRANBERRY” PIPPIN uoide sist te och 4) ele cites ees 300 Crandall. Seedling: oseines fan ous os os wee eee Crane’s Pippin. oc ighR oS e e 244 GREAM | .25 Sis be ks whine cee eee deo ee Crimson. Beauty oc). cu os vee Bee soci he oe See Crimson Pippin (synonym of Scarlet Pippin).......-..... Crimson Pippin (synonym of Detroit Red)............... Crimson: Scarlet Pippin: <5 cca soe 2 ee ee CROTES misckc s toleie S55 os avaales IS Rican eae CIE ee 102 GROW: (EGG es is as sa ce ose Oe ne eee CROWNS: eye oo a Sec iat sacs! alas sognet eaceaere tenet 102 40 COMBINED INDEX’ TO VARIETIES. OIL MSIE TIO aia ar sn css aie su face onto se) Sihys, ie} a2 tore osvene 18 staat UTERINE CCH De SR see Oe Oe UE ne RC 2 Conneeintk (UGIAD Ae ee POA aRe PEO ene Martane Ur Unirare Curtis (GOEL LO EE Ee ene 331 On NY COB. oy Seep SC CG ONC ae a Te Oe ana aeny Sr CEILS S CLD PERO A eee nes MMs ei te one Ba WAARMINETORING fo ae 65 5 oo cla ood oe ead FoR RO ORES as ANE Te One L2G UOTE LOE. Se SSO OIE og ee 227 DORE WELCH, SES GO SOT Te See re 206 "SINE Sy UT OGTEN As SAAS Ree og 103 DGGEDCES LALLA Cae OE SOE IC NCR Oto ine 103 AR IHILCTAY SIUCCLS Soc axe viaiue Velesiadive Cod said ek 15, 103 IDieiele IBOUGRETTO. Seo S G8 Bice LO CSO IGE LH ee 60 ‘Dunernonuarat~((Cinellay) a eee eon ns Weer On Sine a ee ce Dy reat PNT ONE SW et ei eo 8o see sas age) Sea's vdetny sco versie w alje, © ba, 4 Eitan wine. ae enats 104 LISA SUIBITICIR «Sod Shree SERCH RCT se a DE EGON Popeater: ee 03 DO COUP 6 06 cabea NOOB OO eee rere 264 ID 2 GEES JIAO CR ERE OLE OO eee (DOME 0 vice U SEA re 201 IDE ALG, MUOUA ARADO TZ ar ee Ee ee ee re I DGUERENTIAE — 38, RE OO CC eee 273 LDORODIR cE E Me ROS OD CC AO CET en eae IDAERAGCRAGD. “5 4'5: 5 Cheer IRN CE Te eae nee ae 105 IDE WWNSCODIG. CH Eas OO OA IDE MCIBO* Sf [GBS ees OC OE ee ee ee ae De IN ORCAIDGTIG Se Oe RCE TE ee iD@ IRGDOW AE aac Race AO ca ee eee LD ROMO BROS Oe Oe eer ID@ IRGHEGIINES Bnet oe GE eee ID@ [RODIN RE Te AOE ee Die. (COND OLOITTE SA a Bicx cite OR HC aac OR I a 96 Weomixevels (synonym or. Vellow dransparent) «22.005... .- Weskedvel (synonym or Vinettse Rouge) ...'........... 2: I DCTAAUCIES CHOP CALI sS 5 SAL ci RS eT Ee a eae IDEPFNOE.S AGGIE ihe GBS ORT RCS RO Ce ee ee Dep SCRE SAD Gis See SAP SE OT Ee ee 326 IDEA SCRSIOE OAD TOTUP CD BOOS BOOT OL ee Dee sracne: (Synonyiitwot Halll Pippin): -.s--¢-).05 +. 220. D’Espagne (synonym of White Spanish Reinette)....... DECREE SET TONE A OO ELE A We iiotpe CSVMOMy Mie O igs © Gtleye)\e cls. co: cde seats seers se) oie eiej cle cise = =e 244 Deion (smomnin Cre IDG Oe ING) osbadeuHodsnbssao ok ans 253 306 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. Detroit Black 250i coeds te ae ees ee ees oe ee DETROMmM: RED? 265 65 die ue ew ek ie te le eee oe ee Oe eee 12 Detrott. of the: Westovwss is aw. 0 ees eee 244 DEC ee RE es te So ee De Vin. db Conn sitions ots os ods ae ae eee Dewtt Apple ssc she een Oe Os ean es eee 107 DO Witte chins ae ncn Ow es a eee 107 DNCRONS ON. Seco eins Sb ek Sa Oe oo eee 106 DICKINSON" s.%2 3:5 5 2 40h «Be ee be ee oi So 106 Die Haarlemer Reimetie 2.0 .,.023..202. 528) oe Oe 93 Diels’ Sommerkontg | ..2 oath eles ome eee ee Die Weiberremetie 0... 45s tse eae ee eee 93 DISHAROON. ‘So -25 9005.2 OE Ree eee 107 DiszhuttOnees 3s ce os 58 ee eee eee DOCTOR 422 kia Giese Beat oe oe eh ae Re eee 57: 107 Doctor Dewitt io. ike os ons Ro cnet Dow en ee eee 107 DecToR: WALKER 225 ooh sek aon fae setae eee ae ee eee 108 Dodge's .BlGGR (i. ia. 5.3223 tates 2 oe ee eee 79 Dodge's Early’ Red... occ 0 ans yen eee DOMINE (0635's bck Sigas See Raka seek Lee eee 17, 109 Domine (synonym of Wells©). 225-222 2.-)-5. eee 363 DONNIE os Wie 6 Ace 03 a Se eee 109 Doppelie Casselar Remetice..<..: iss a> oe oe ee II4 D'Or @Angleterre sess os nc oes Wa ae ae ee I4I DOUBLE UROSE: «3224/06 52s. ARS ens ot ols oe eee 110 DOUSO iss Fee's Se Se See catia HORE ES Ce eee Downing’s Winter Maiden Blush ............2...+-++--- 152 DOWS Cee ied OES his ee Sn eee DOWSe = 55 i cee SE oss He IO Ee ee Dredge’s’ Fame: <2 5 e5a-o3 Sis we en oe eee Du Bois 2% toecs rai s lst S08 Seat oe doe Oa ee eee III Duchesse Oe eA ee pee ee ee Bee Duchesse d' Oldenbourg 2.32... see eee Duchess NO... 33922255 SOR e ees oe eh le ce Pe eee Duchess of Oldenburg «2.25 ee ee eee Duchess-of Oldenburghsx.e.na0 2s. ee eee Ducks Bal Oeiousee nite eo eae eee 378 DUDLEY: 230 888 Oe ee oe Dudley: Waiter oes os oe ee Duttsch. Misnonne: secs eee be II4 DUKE. OF DEVONSHIRE {522/650 S5 ose 2 oa ee ee eee III Duke of Wellington. 3555855 ee a eee II2 Due Marechal. .c2 os ao Da ee IUMELOW: 0a A oY cas 5. ue tic a eee lees rs See eee ene 112 Dumelow's Crab - 232 ies 2 es ta ee eee 112 Diumelowrs Pap pine ors sok oe es ee 112 Dumelow's Seedling. 2.3. s3eacee e e 112 Dumpling <3.) Se0e has wh ei Ce ee eee VOL. II. PAGE. 46 46 141 227 203 208 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 307 VOL. I. OIL 1 PAGE. PAGE. DUNCAN» ato obi CRE os ee rer oor a enc Baa eae De a a 113 DMP OOO TEROUS (HE STE cele arora ea ea CR Pe ee ne 116 [DB EMOGS 6 ta OO eis Ole ce ie he em siberian Rents eee ae Ne oe men Oe I51 Wa icioss) OF -Oldenbere so 2h oi os esi Colicdy ds atak oeale hanes 151 IDCs CURCCTR. PAGS OD TR ie aT ee nnn rene 258 DVUITECIET Sale Oe eee FAMEUSE SUCRE... 20.05 65.6 55.05 05 * ae aes oe ee FAMILY 2 is. s Bein olen Wok) pee cae ee ee ee 127 PANMNY 20 00h 5. Foe Sa ole loste enle isla che aim here Oe FARRIS. 62 os ds as de cieSlns 4 ied bes ble se eee ee 128 Faust’s Rome: Beauty 0.00092. eee 258 Oe eee 290 Pays Russet so 0.4.. 5 Jonas sas ont ee eee ee 164 Pelehin ik ow San Dae os ee Ot eee 56 Femme de Menage: . 2.5.5 vin ov oe eee 206 FERDINAND | s..4 o.0ee-3 o)2 046 4S ee iisiee 4.8 «ee Ue 129 INERRTIS 93) Age's cae Ste fo ses San oe ee 130 Feuilles IP AWeub cite os io i hes Bos de eee 52 Pallipen. 28223 oG oe oh Bo eee 153 Fin W@AUOMNE 6.5 oc 6 Sa ees te on be eee Fine Winter 2 ioe ose hos oes ee se eee 373 PInke Oe eee es LE Oe ee eee 336 Fink's: Seedling °s ov. oe von ca oe As Po eee 336 FISH KIEL, osc Sue ews ae So dele. Aras es ho 32 Fishkill’ Beauty. vie tina Oe ee ee ee Pive-Quartered Gillilower. 4.0... «: ee Flanders: Pippin. 206055 oes eee 206 PGE. OSE ok. SSE eee Flat: S pitzendure® non hk. 26 Senos eee 345 Flint Russet. Ove Bae oe FLORENCE 26 20: So5ode os Sees CU eee 130 FLORENCE (CGrab) 0 iccce ee en ck ee Se ee ee eee . FUOR Yi oo ois hea Ss aed oe 131 Flory Belllower’ 9-2... stat ou pen eo ee ee 131 Flower (of Genesee) (2.5 in Sa eee Flushing (synonym of Flushing Spitzenburg) ........... 132 Flushing (synonym of Newtown Spitzenburg) ........... 225 Flushing Seek-No-Further 2.) eee Flushing Spitzenberge 85% se ans Soe ne ee 132 FLUSHING Spiigenburg ........2..-. slo 'bieis( sie Gh oo chet eon eee 132 VOL; IL PAGE. COMBINED INDEX TO \OARTBAES. VOL. I PAGE A USIUM Cn SPULS CMDULE Vaca s ate sR iegersts Ghee es we hoor lacs pushes ers 132 Flushing Spitzenburg (synonym of Roseau).............. 292 PN ES Ne SIPULS CHOW IY =. Soto ew so sad Sis al edne o's © alas arare eve “0. 132 TPR oo oo S:gUee Derg anne dey Bee a er ee arcane Ae ego aa ra IS SRIBST 35.0 5.0/5 chad ne Nee On nace OCR IE coe ia trae eee eee ese eee 133 POP ESIEE TEMPO DE Dick, Be SORE PRO AA RA CE eT ee ea LE DEADSOL © o.oo chety Hak ROR ae et a tee DOELONS BAUD P UN ase te See cis ees LISS Sole oa eos Se Ee eo th LB EIS CRIOUIDIOL. siete OE Oe ee tS Bey RI Ainde 125 EGRESS COMME a Se OO et tL Te Te eee On eee era 227 [POURS OF DE NEAR ee ee eee ee IP GREGOR: $06.0 Fo LE ROR ee ES oi ee een sor Ae te 311 LPLUDESE 20 BOS EEO I ata PP ae a ete Ee re IPRAKER 2... GO SO See Te ENA RD Rp Per) Sinn Sn ee 133 Pegler 6S CCCI gual ae ee ee ee ere ee eer ee 133 J2TREINIC TEI, 6: aig URN aa ale Aa ag a eager na eee IEGGCME 3.555 6 Geb BOR eC CE on ee OE ee nee te JP GRUR TOMS CHA a CoRR CCR Te ET CE one Eee 88 Oi cae ON TR eat See Aa ete aa oe age ale ee ee wee eS Je PPERSC ISL PEE IBN Se cv gc Se NU 24, 134 French Pippin (synonym of Holland Pippin) ............ RenGhenippin (synonym or Roman Stem)! .......-....... French Pippin (synonym of Newark Pippin) ............ 223 lPpencls IRCUIOO. seinpis cas Ree Pe Ren ren ety re ee ET AE a MMC FUCA Cle Vent seh age (6% rade) Siar oi RAG, Ais aheee eho asta ge ie bw a EGC PVE MBUCIUS SCT Rese cNay hi goes alco aires sea day os canal Sedeacsata hava lls yale: e Wha ayai ase 264 LPRERIGL I: SPOUT O LT att Hee aoe Sear ere ee aera ea Oa aan eae ECNG AS pucenoune Ol VETMONt .. so ccuee sons boo ate eee es: 292 LPOG 56 6 oc C8 RO Bed EO a ee eee ae en a Bilal IS TUTLEL TBR TNOINT , SS) OO ac ae ee ee LP PED OVISOIE tee Boeke BON HOU Ne EM OR Se ea 69 (GONE 20-3638 60-5 30 ROE RENO RRO Pee a ea eee 67 TERING 20 0 o'e SaNeso 1G SNe CA Eno eet pe a Pits as CSAURIDIERY - IRON Mii ks Rene CR eR Sata Ona ana Se ea Gardener's Apple ...... CELE ROSSA PVE Gch BR eG EC ET cm arr ee READ NDR SWEET EOBARMALN® «26 2. c04 0c ulea vesec esse ee ee ode GONE sic Bp BS EO RS SOS Se EE at me eee ar 67 COPS ROMER Es ee 255 GEOG? ISCUANOUTE” PIES SS EEO EOC OIne Oe eee 381 Gelber Englischer Schonbluhender ...........+. Sie tae 381 (GOUEG. S TETE IES 5 SEG. OL RED Ee URN SE ee Eos ora eae (GENO CIROWUNIGL pb ECS OG DOSE Ee ENE Se ee ee ee OEE MIO WERE rman ry karan Fie vate ee Cleeve ke eR cred whaler es (GABA |S BORS Sete ie OES A a ERI en gh OR 271 GONG OUP ERs BOBO I SS OEE ED UE AEE en ee ea 271 GOLGI SZOU ATL: is bide OEE OD Ce Oe mols NEV Nap IP LUNG Ban Peer earn ast spss Wc aa Sy eee ow we 6 ak 136 (GOLD 8B SEBO AE eo Oe EG Oe OCT ee rene 271 Ait VOL. II. PAGE. AA 33 184 184 Er2 59) 71 3S 213 IOI 188 89 PALS 215 Wis 239 31 WS 30 312 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. GENNEUN coos on owe cctte woe tide Bok eee ee EE eee 271 GENE TNE oie din do wn es oe elem tieleia ab cls ees eee er 271 Gennetting (synonym of Ralls) .......... ws envcilbaeeeeees 271 Gennetting (synonym of White Juneating) .............. Ger MGINhe ooo baie nce bd Bed ea Se Lee 378 German. Calvillé. cc. oe Se a eee German. Caluille. 324% oc oe ved eee Gerinan. Green 2.5) os ta ois epee eee ee eee 93 German. Spitzenbere: soso con us oe one ee oe eee 153 Georgia. JUNE eo cashsc 4 ous oboe pein a ee Gips -(Crab) +e. osc boise whe sats die hose .o disease pe ee eee eee Gibbon’s Smokehouse (synonym of Vandevere Pippin).... Gibbons Smokehouse (synonym of Smokehouse) ........ 312 GIDEON -se4sosdo de hoscoee de Wiehe ate ne SD cline en GIDEON > SWEET" ooo soi Chev aokin soa e Se te Oe eee Die HOT, Gideon: White 0. Soh sn cobs he One bs oe eee Gillet’s Seedling -.s.0\c5 os. 56% 5000 de see 1 ee eee 290 GILEIFLOWER 43.6 bce deus sho sed os cee Oe 16 GillihowWer oo kc coco cub oo sc bkadialo ewan ae ee 77, 130 GILPIN Oh 4e Sues Ae Oe ena Se 17, Goes GUNES os soo Rene OR ee eee 271 GUellin® is ceeeis cence 1 ea ns Been a Oe GIN NIE) sense 65.4 So clok 8 Bieiee Be Fae ee Sedeueis Seo eee GIVENS 258 6 eed ce oo Sea here eee He he eee 140 Glace de. Zelandeé « &.. vices oes eee GlaGien GE a Re Gao ee ee Pee eco 3: 230 GLADSTONE cr isbn eased ban es ceo s Sok ae eee eee 25 Glazenwoo0d fvwen cue ta ioe Coe te ae eee Glazenwood-Gloria, Mundt s.2\4.. 2.) eee GLENLOCH “ie os ego db ot Hoe os ws Re et ee 140 Grorra Munpr a2. UES Kon dieiecesesavsqore el cise Youn haa Glorsiof YORR® she c. Voe hoe eeet coma nek Oe eee Gloucestey Pippin: 204 Be as we ee ee Golden=A pple an seer ee 5 ode pee Golden: Beauty Vises acer. Gan eee sta eae Golden. Gray Aeccus ss ao ean e ee eee ois Te eee 328 GOEDEN: MEDAT ca Ses oc te ote eee no ee 141 GOLDEN: -PIPPIN’ 2 2:40.43 ae oes ee ee eee 16, I41 GOLDEN. “PIPPIN “CD cu ein ole eee GoLnoENn’ Prppin (i) 8s ee eee Golden Pippin (synonym of Ball Pippin) -4..005 eee Golden Pippin’ (synonym of-Golding) >. .... ... eee Golden Pippin (synonym of Belmont)).)....... 4. 2ooeeee 67 Golden, Pappm (synonym ot Ortley 2 .- ee eee 244 GOLDEN: /PIPPINS © os 50 schdonc his Soe ae ee GOLDEN HRED 4.5.0 5 sane sa 'sce Ghee cae Ee. Oe 142 GOLDENCAREINETTE ¥ ic < 2a @a ec oas bee on eee a ee 142 VOL. II. PAGE. 240 249 79 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 213 VOL. I. VOL. II. PAGE. PAGE. (SOLIDIBIY [RUOAS ISOC a ceatesre eee exept cee ae ae ena aL gC Str 7), Jie, IiZs, A105 Goldcnwenusset (synonymy of Bullocks) f2.25 06.2 ae o ee 89 Gaiden cusse: (synonym of Perry Russet) 24.0... 0.5 257 CON GIGUSSELS A YVCVACAIN Se cB I ee eee he Sle oie lerdal siete 89 Galdenmm«uissetaCuot of New! York) 5 sess oss sacs os ee 164 Goidenmiaysset ot Massachusetts... =..2%.5.cae:ke esses. se 164 Goldenmcussetron New (nuglandi. 625. aos dens se sees 164 GOO CICUSSEL Of INCU OV OVR: ino: Sas oe Ss ee ta ee eS: 143 Golden Russet of Western New Vork .........0200....5. 143 Golders, SPCC ea REEL Ae pe a Wen nee arate eer 49 (GO MDRINEES BIER EY tay th eh ayer, Wied, Se alesse ui meitinva chs Giga age Wu dtare 81 Golden Sweet (synonym of Northern Sweet) ............ 147 GOULE, SHUCGO LT ea eee a ee ee ee ce LE 81 (GOTLIDIEY \NUCTSETERTD se eee ge eee er fe ee 82 VFOLDIING cin ain Sikh Sancta AU ye aNG Aner Tea rg era ge ne Se 82 Gola) MA CGICH, Fos NE Ree Ere EOE Oe IR ee ree Ee ae 141 COVE DORE IRUAHUGUTO.” Se OA OA nA One a OO 21 Coodpacasani (synonym of Woneheld)..... 24.525... 05- 123 CGoodelzeasani (synonym On eAmisim))» 2.0.25 sess e2 sce 5 COT SICUO NOS CEE ES SINGER 3 Taal aces vis crete) gave eon aha ale we He 227 (GORIGE:.sd.08 bi cee OE Oe CEE. ee et ee mae 227 (SOBDUIE .ockggrn® BEER ICE ELD 6 atin eS TOPE ate ne 227 GOO Cip=- ADC oa 6 cis a0 oo Oe OS Oe Oe ere 85 (GEO CSCIC ESS Oe Be BR oe ce LE Ee ne ee 85 Graham's Red Warrics SUG Ho Onn 3 ea ase oon eee e 227 (Fi EPOOUAIR COLIC TMO ees Ok OSE GROSS em eT NEES eee 184 Groin BU CLL? AEE Phe RAE OO aE aa eae Sener ae fe a 3 Girard AWOL CTAB = ele trae ey neon eae a ee 3 Grane). (DNC AE OLRSIOL TT ee Ce ae eae Ae 39 Gira IDB A ICO ISRO E Roane ae a a i ine 25 39 (GRADY DIMIORTERBIR 5 Be ee eats Shy oe Ee i ee 83 Graal \WIOUTAR ee Ane OI pers Hera Rta ar aN Sele AR rae ES Dene 83 GROMMUONICES LATTIGs Sorigi: 66 or ae es aon Peso ere 145 Grand Sultan (synonym of Vineuse Rouge) ............. 233 Grand Sultan (synonym of Yellow Transparent) ........ 248 (SHRASNTIVINE, “ TBUBVAUO FING se 5 ae oy A AL ae Te eo A 145 (CP CRN OLD. scat okt GO OLS CE Ce eee 108 GRAVENSMEUN samt whet hms aes NL ote 5 ID, Ts, 177, ies 84 CPO CSU COT IER bro Ee ee Re Ee ne 85 GPOWCESUCHD IROVWER BOs ORG Oe DO ee ee 180 (GPOCOWSNYES SSS 8 SS I OE ee pe ree 85 CPOE SUB: ion eno apes yd eo On RL ey ar Ia 85 CRUDE. SUING Soo cb 0 OR ie De eee 85 CGrayeapple: (Gynonynn of WicAtee)) 22... 05) es. ss ees 196 Gray Apple (synonym of Pomme Bee Bis Pa arias nA 264 GRO IE OUCKIGID: mins a oe oe nO ee aha aes 60 CPOMAOMSE Xe Bist g Sito eths Poe CAO I Ce ree 153 Gray Romanite (synonym of Greyhouse) ................ 153 Gray Romanite (synonym of Rambo) ...... Rune cen eeare as 2730 314 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. Gray's Keeper conse coug5ek te coal oe dee oe Oo ee 196 Greasy Pippin: (synonyimoi@rtley))ss-- 4-2 oe eee 244 Greasy Pippm. (synonym ot Lowell) 2232--) eee GREAT: BARBE: $2 6.0.56 60 ob cade din se 2 ck an ee ere 0) ee eee GREAT MOGUL 26 ound aes S55 ob ee eae pee ee eee Great PeGr/MGtn + ane ceca cS os ood ee eee 378 Green -Belllower ovis s Sse ok ope cue b ae ee 244 GHEONING > eee ia ic Re 145, 282 Green Mountain Pippin (synonym of Fallawater)......... 125 Green Mountain Pippin (synonym of Virginia Greening).. 352 GREEN” NEWTOWN = 50 x SEER OE Eee 88 LE CADSUDLCTR DANES ene Be POI SOO ST OO oe ee II CROSSE: SUBD COS Be H 0 SE SOO POE EE Ee EO Ree LELOAOS SEF OLE SOOT AEE OE OE ee PIEREEORD SHORE Men ry ic tien cra cis Giclee crete Wis ine one Caw Wows WSs 157 315 VOL. II. PAGE. 92 Q2 178 53 SI 168 215 93 58 93 04 QI 30 73 04 96 96 96 53 316 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I PAGE Herefordshwe Beehng: 53... ..2h0.msie5 22 eee 157 Herefordslure Pearmain 26... ss bodes os eee ee 378 Herefordsimve Redsireak) 2s 2. Does 85.4 528 ee ee ee 278 Herr’ s June 5255 oe ae Se eee eee Hertfordshire Pearman 220 652522 2). se ee ee 378 HIBERNAL.. of feds bees s Roe ee ee ee eee 26 FLICKS) v2. s iwshiew eel oeces2 bet bas Oo ete eee ee eee TITESTER 2.20 Le uiSea se See bee bee cee aces cee ee 158 FIGHLAND “BEAUTY coe So ao ee a ee ee 159, 183 Highland’ Poppin . 0s 22 c se case as eee 375 HOEDAND .- WANTER( o5) sar ce acdsee Po aoe ee ee eee 159 Hollow (Cored Pippin 6 36 shee ee a eee 244 Hollow Core Pippin: (o 2e Ae in Oe ee 24 Hollow Crown Pearmain (synonym.of Wine). re : aoe Hollow Crown Pearmain (synonym of Long ianud Pad MAM) Sos Rs Se baci ee FOL MES ee Se ad a ee eee See oe eee ee 161 Hommes SWEET (050.00 eels eis See i6I FLO MY SS aes EES Re ee Honey AGH ening OMe as Eee Oe ee ee oe ee 16, 151 Fl Oney SWCOt PR oh cite Se Sule ae oe eee ee TOOK) 656 055 i ae te OOP - SSE SO OI A eee 153 Hoopes] nao ee en a ee 153 Hoobes Pearman con o2s gee ee a 153 LOOPS® Bie Ss oe RR Ce ee 153 FLOP S080 FIO SSE oe Re cre OR See eR ae 7S> VOL. II. PAGE. 203 103 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. LE OPEO 6.36 LR RE ee Bae eer tegen eer eee [BUDS ~ <5 S516 o RSIS Gly Che oes eee Ne Dee aR cing aes ORAL een eo eae Pousemcesynonvin. Ob Greyhouse) . ...ci.aicsc eines beceee 153 RhomsemEsymotiyin, Of Hall: Wine). 2 oo t6. sss ven oon ed cee: IE) SRNOUP GL + oe ou eare Sars RNs CRE MRE ae Ear PU Ap 227 Eset UR MME YEG liter ey ie ces cule css si os te Sige ev Baas COR LO RON wae La Omoaard! - IRUSSCU BA mee RE ee OE re LF DUSBUTOLS JOSE TiAl OR ee ec OY ER aie ei cer eae MODUAMORS DOSE: oI WSSUON «o's 5 0 cin tianwe io se. GRIRo so 6 4 eH eIO ete JF CBLIGE LS ‘SHIT ATE ONE a aE Pe Or oR Es RE Ret a a ean 54 IE ge ADS Os Eee REAP EN Gate gh ees fe Ce eM et ATE I OWIG -o 0205 Ce ee eae ene ne Nat Ne pena erar a a MOH TERR Petes oss Fees closes akens, Jay eibuiat {cua taesie aires ke aon oars eT Ro ee oh on ic es Sai oe co a ey A Eee on 227 PFs MEA UESEP ORIN SINGVINR Up ere 0), 2 Daca i's Ma aioyel «Pare: ve SuSE D Sec. Hosea sistent 17, es AOI Hubbardston Nonsuch (synonym of Hubbardston)....... 161 Hubbardston Nonsuch (synonym of Sutton)............. 324 SON MACE SILK CON tt 3 Mee hae oioks Rigo Melee SONG WER As JA WATER JPEN OSS 29 cee cane ene a eR nearer ra JETRO T TRS SS eae ee kee ne a na a 164 LIES POM ( CUOLLE b ty i UT ee 146 omits Green Newtown Pippin occ .c ccc ccece te ween siees 146 IST SRE AIT | Cae ie ese eee Oe 18, 165 CM INSTIIGIU STA PUOVVEC ©). sinc Noa cis Fee dw Gack sou ete alelee tgs gd bee 165 ROE: WCE DEO EE EE EC Pee pe te JEL ICTRLIBUOTE 6.6 Gin cs Cp Sie Re eae lammlout (Csynonym of Ramsdell Sweet)... 2.5.2. 00.-.-+.+- END SUA TO a ee Ee Et Re ee LOUDER SLICE RENE Pele Pn een eR tS Hurlbutt See eet ea fen ay AA ANE Ra leaar aM Sop IL ns ISSEa IKTUNG SG Gpeetc Gatco ace sve are Onl ae aa an 166 JSG E S: Ie” (Ole AN LOSE Oe eae ty er ee 166 IESSILOD (Cieza) )) SRA ae er LULGUS (GHOCTTIE BOLO UO Be A ee ee 331 LsfypCPOO WANG TAT ae Ee ee LO DOCIGL, GVA TLES 5 IOs Ee a A IE PO Nee Pa LD PCRELUCE LEVEE A eer MOM PEOUMCE NOSEPIINE: (Rone sinus sen Ne bie hie Sinks 4Sivlelee cos HQOMCD. Ss Fi JR Gs Oa ee ee on re 196 LERORALG “LOL CTAT US Me SO ees eC eS eee 271 LACTOSE EE CO Ce a LECH B A DUCED Ck APS SO ee Te nO ea LEDGE oO 586 CBOE ee VERE Een Poe PU are 167 TENS IAS eaeveetge io en eae tet ae aE Ueno dG lat eink wo bue 24, 167 LOGUE S COONS Ek O50 0 OO LEE CEO Ce Ee ee 167 LEGVRUGGES & OBB 6 OSG 51d oS CO ORE A eae OE ea 244 STREAM Sg 3 SSS Pe a Ree Oe Oe eee Nee 105 104 175 105 175 105 257 231 157 21 77 231 53 106 318 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. Pshame Sweet icc boke saa ona ee eee Isle of Wight Orange (synonym of Marigold)............ 202 Isle of Wight Orange (synonym of Orange Pippin)..... Isle of Wight Pippin (synonym of Marigold)............. 202 Isle of Wight Pippin (synonym of Orange Pippin)....... JACK. 0 Usd os idindS nalene Baend Aue ee se a eee Jack: Apple: 6 occ bs Seiad Cased eae eee JACKSON, “aie. o: ce eientcens dadeoneeciptab al seynoretias Gaara ee Dee 168 Jackson (synonym of Amos) * 02.02.2052 452 eee 46 Jackson. (synonym, of Chenango). +... .542 ee eee JOCRSON: REG. ye oss BOR Oe eee 227 Jackson: Seeqdung. ono ie. ibe ene ec, Oe eee 168 TFQCRSON. W INESOP 2 ss ccoi0) Pro: do: ouvnse 9.2 dos ehal epee eee Re JaGRS Reds ce Gees ais bh oee Bs oe eee eee 135 TQCODS sais ecciers: Res ¢wiels oe oe Eee Sa Eee 169 JACOBS. SWEET (255.098 Lan. Santis an ee eee . 169 Jacobs Winter Sweet . Kp hatee teas 169 James River (synonym of Limbertwig)............5..2... 193 James Kaver. (synonym. of, Wallow) 22-2 4... eee 370 Jamel sock eho os Gek awa on 0a hoo ve he eee 271 PONCHANE Oooo oe nd ae dee Re eee 271 FONWON CD © ic Maite voice eo 4 dies tele pals VoL Ee eee 93 JARVAS fae GA tans a Oh ehing oe beiei Sale Shoal le ne VORCTIOS iP AUER eae bio as BORO aE eee JIEERERIG(.Jtelo3 sc cele o elem ted Sous obtuse 21s ae ee PIII (COOMADY caosonoccustecbosensns: We res es oe . Per er son. RUPP thas os hoe se oe wis a, Ge 271 Vereries: tes Sead taas Sed Nae ee ee Jelly howercn wwickes ais waia mn: ee creenrates cae ee ee TOnttOW — FG asd mae so aisha 6 ae SRO es eee 271 J OWNCHIWNG: ho od vie cic diok ee ena eon Eee eee J OMnehh vic dscctm oA Bont oe ee ee 271 TF Onnette =o Ree sos ee OE ee Dep Tennethinor (A were cee a otis: Bev esh acess sou oc S205 25< Jennetting (synonym of White Juneating) ................ FERNINES is SEES ATG Se Ee J CUM ON Bee oie ee ee 271 Jersey BlGCR ea eit oe aba eee oe ine ee 79 Jersey Greening: (synonyim-ot Ortley ) 22325 2.3. 22 e eee 244 Jersey Greening (synonym of Rhode Island Greening) . 282 JERSEY SWEET) 202 saw fsa ae else aeons oe ee 12 Jersey SUWCCune ce acon aoe is teat Ha eee JEWEDT Ped SM ae ep altace ee rae ee ee na tone er a 19, 170 Jewett s Fine WRG: oe ee oe ee eee LIZo VewWett $s Med. so ee ee 170 VOONCLING ae (Reena ee eee TOC: BCUPN OR. enh ois Oe Oe Eo hee ee eee 225 JOC PI CCOCE ac ten Osho a le Cis MA OH OE eee VOL. II. PAGE. 106 33 107 108 108 109 108 197 240 109 240 166 TIO 110 240 52 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. BOUT VO Tse Re Glee edi) S014 ce eee NaN OM Nass uci ooge Reel & slieeoimcuncie ese casas 2 J Olea MAORI ois CCE Sei abe Oe Ns e hca RAE OT Se hic auar en Rare: eure 161 SL OUPOSORS 956s Se OE APR ee Ee EARP Eras Mist Lee a 278 LOIMSOE S TEGO] LTE, 5 SC OI oe Ee eae me ae , Ade Falls GOUMGULCE IS Te aor ARO ARO Soc Or Ta a JiGRTAT ELAR 0: CASS RS SIGH Ree OEE RED enna 7, 1S, Dal, BR, WZ JiOISATPIELA INT BOVIS ie ASU cher gr i eG na Dre ise ees ara 174 HOCH AOE CP IEG Pe BOR Bean) ne ae eer eae ee i eee 174 LO LOU AV MOVE AUIUCR NIQUGEIVAD «xc skadss 06 GA basis Codie tene 3 oi halo & eeu a oe VOCS ECTS) TEUURICS Ee ee Gente oe baer es onan ee FORMES LUD DUR IS Maroy MOR RA mR age Ie te ene Ae RTE Feed EES VORCS: SCONE RE AD Eee Hosapnime «synonym ot Gloria Mundi)s.......5.......-. Josephine (synonym of White Spanish Reinette) ......... LORE MMOCPED LEAL S SOS N SR DOLE CICLO eee yee) (Ce) JUDSON 5 oo’ 5 bic FERC Ree DORM te mene ean ea neat Oe OO ree an JIWILY oso cn dG ie Bias CR SI eee aii er sta ge ean eer Lanka AL DDG’ Leech SOs COORD eae MEI MENON EAU D Icke cache. WM act te Gains ie ales Austen’ 2 aie We siete ovals Si), EB OUGHE Oc Sek SOC aE ee ace eae Teall IPL BUB. YAS SSeS PON id sre Ce tae a Torr Tae era ea ara ne inemesnmonvan, oF Margaret) 06. Nicci. ne se sce se oe e's Mnomesvmonntm, OL Red June) ses. ss 6 5s nese. wes wae ewe POBCCECHEL 5 0 AER BO oe OO AOE OE ae aE eer NECN MMAR ERA BU A Nats se ca nur e els use Ae gee yh kg Juneating (synonym of White Juneating)................ CG CTOR- > <5 CO RGNTH ot OA See SRO Oe teen a DECOM TNE Por a Oa NL ce Rated Aarti dese a Sows br etaue a HG WG Ela imme PY 1 eM aye Ty pds ra hy Som MSIAUE hla Gadi late ohhlge o.. Glave 640 due 183 MOT A EGES PULCCMOUNE.. ba in gets chelate walhieies fh Ho4 bie GOTH ESEES DULZCIVO CHO 5 arm, catiotl e dls snceinliie Ce ous one ba vis : ionahins. Spitzenbergh ....52. 22+... Re CBee Sete OC At PO OR : Maghiws Spitzenouye (synonym of Kaighn).........;.... Kaighn’s Spitzenburg (synonym of Long Red Pearmain).. Koighirs SpHueCnouielin sane ble poe uenes | noes eee: JE OUBES. Ss PUECMOGT AE ees rep Eee ae Se ee I reer IX GNSOP: ALCS CICA? M5)ce SO GAC BCE Ee ee IE Cf OVDOCWLO* og © BRAG NO OCD CH ee ee Oe ree ane ea JR JAILIRTODOIN G. cllgna pea 'eital's soi Site CNRS ec ear aie Oar cnn mane ST I CUAGDOMSPOG 2.6 515% os GRO ODE LAO Oe Reed onan KK OUACODS OO SE COE Oe et ee ee een IK GULLS DOSIPOE 5 RCE SSeS ee ae ee LE CHRO AGUEDUD. Ss Bo, Be SA A CRI OS EGOS eR Oe EP tha IK Gio” SCL OUP EASE SS OB) Cs CRO BOO ae ee ee I OMOUODMOADOUR: 5 db Sn SOO OO ECE Oe ee 93 IE ISAS SG Oodle Seco ORO Oe: BAR Ieee ne a 7/5 SY) VOL. II. PAGE. 320 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. KANSAS KEEPER (soc 3 0 os se. nh od Hee eee eee Oe ee Karabot res oe Ae ee eee KKARABOVEIAY 3025 2 Uae ot cloon Bs aed eee eee Kar abowhae: vac oo sivasas os Sa ol ee eee Kelley's Sweet o2s.205 soe nse seg: waco eee Kelly: SW7Mtte esas 5 oe etic acoret e e e a eee 67 Kempster’s Pippin Kennebec. Seedling so. v. tied ers ods es dn eee Kent Beauty ©. 3. 2.0023 one en eee eee Kent Pillbaskét 2. 2 0s28 ona eee eee Kentish Filbasket KENTISH PILLBASKET Se. 20..(s hes ho eee eee Kentish Pippin ..5..20.5: o52s bee ee. eee Kent (PIPPIN 3s .)oteig05 20 2 i bee. oe ee ee eee 16 Kentucky Belifower . «222-23. %. 6255002 1 eee Kentucky Gilliflower sosc20 540 ons a5 eee Kentucky Pippin... 0.0342 562 4a 2445 50 ee Kentucky Queen <0 60055 Seas stave ee ee ee 88 Kentucky. Red Stredh : 2%... +2222 2-+ secs eee 357 Kentucky Streak \. 02.20 eos tok ae eee 69 FIRES WACK. Oe i2 ios a5 oid, d5 cs: Save Gas des Gee howto See Keswick Godling. .$2 ss. e5 52a $e Ss ee eee Ketiageshas 20 inscd oo es sO a eee 178 KeysStOne a.s-0r s 5 ooo acmers oo hae and ene ae ea eee KhalkidonsR0es. once inert eos nl es eee Kinderhook Pippm ........ King (synonym of Buckingham). +. -~ .. 22. 525252 eee 88 King (synonym of Tompkins Kime): <5. 2. =-+ 22 - see 176, 345 King (synonym of Twenty Ounce Pippm)-.. --26.-22ee 349 King Apple's s24c5 hs ota nses a2 25s 126s ee eee 345 King George the Third. cc: 02. fo28 nF ee eee 84. King of Tompkins County ......... Ae ee See 345 Kang PHL oes jae eee eee id acts Heanie te ee 172 Kingsbury Russet (synonym of Cheeseboro)............. Kingsbury Russet (synonym oi Pumpkin Russet)........ KINNAIRD Soo be ek ee eet be ee 2 eee eee 18, 176 Kannard's Choice (so ocean ee eee 176 Kinnaird’s PO@u0riteoiec ca hob cee ae 1 ee eee 176 KANNGHE 86 hos SS SSR ee 176 Kinnard: § “Choice, oooh oo we ee 176 KAIRKEREDGE «5.20 .As se oss Se See ee Se ee eee Kirkbridge White digcs 4, Se ices sre oe ee eee Kirkes: Golden. Reinette. 228 a6 = ose ee eee 142 KIRKEAND. os tande a0 3 Bids fo Soe ee eee 177 KInTAGESKEER.. 2.4 Sc See Oe ee ee eee eee eee oe eee 18, 178 Kleine Grane Remetie 2.60. 3532s see ee 06 Kilemmer Apt 23 2a oe os Oe ee ee VOL. IL PAGE. II4 II4 115 21 245 15 115 115 115 = 15 125 125 118 118 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I PAGE MMA INCU OU UNC ma os 5 aa ik ao Ue hone Bs wales 6 Ree Sams DOG Bet. JAY ELS as er Soe aoe ere aera LO DIURUES gy als EIEN Race Ae Rae ERIN aa a eer Par ed en te 225 ig belle Fameusé .......%. Ae ie 3 TAA DETER go o/b. 3 che Oe Cg ic eee eae once an a eee 179 LLCEGUE EP. 6 SUSE BOS 6 COO OE LEC SE ear Eee 179 Mites MUOLILE OF. PENNESSEE 2.3 oe os 0. Ra eee bees 88 Eadtes Sweet (synonym of Lady Sweet).............:.3- 184 Ladies Sweet (synonym of Sweet Winesap)............. 333 LLHIES SHOLZLEE a ete ee eae ee ee ee 184 OME eee sss oe OS ke slic vere See Sab ada ee ees LS Lee Seu LOO LE) ALDIPUG <4 332 TEV SCOM* eled chen ’n 0 SRN eS OS ee Se Le ee MaABIE Ce ae mC me eth mm OCs aT trou UpooO mM OOo OO ODO oOo e'0) le je) © (6) © «)\e, (6 0.6 6) 6 jee 00) elo (ow (@ 6) 6.6/0) «fuel @ ie! welll» in —wle le @/ 0) -0,40)40)(6' 0) © Je e\\e 0).@ 0) «| 9) (@\ 10)\s) ie. © 2) ® (0) 8 \e)s) «| (0) @) sie eieleis Oietaia @ fede: je) \@ 1@).e)\el1e (0 1e)fe ©. .«-(0) (6\\e) 0,187 (0) |e © |s) 0 10:08) ee Lene melee aulleii=iisiie | 0)! ©) .0/ 0) ,e\}.07,8/10)ve) \0) 0) 0,0. ©) e)\e ve 0) (0 (eee. ©) 6) ©) 0) »\ 0) 016) 6) 9) @J0) 0) (oe oe Lollene Lele mele @):'0 .6 (©: 05/0 (0 © 0 (© \n) 0 “e .0:/0: 10:(e) 0, {e\je, ©) (eis (0) ©) 8/18) (ele: o/s «| ol oletoteilelalens @) @. © ©. 0 (0) « ‘ee! 0) ©! (0 © (ele) © 10 0 © © (6) 0 0 ©) © 0 © @s oe) 0) ©) 018) (6) sl jc) ¢ eosin @| <0 (e) \e: (0, 6 0) (e 10), 6 (0 \eere)e 0 © 6 6) 0 e100 B © 0 0: ee! eso) .e0\ene (ollelisiiniie e)\@) © 0:0, 0 ©) le) 0, (0) @)\0) (0) © .0) el,0 (0/0! © ©, 6) 0.) \e\ 10) © 10) 01.0) 0) ©) (0\ 0) © 10) (0) (0) @! 80) © (0) el/eellelel ele elie McAfee Red McAfee’s Nonesuch McAfee’s Nonsuch McAfee’s Red McAffee McAffee’s Nonesuch McCarty McClellan McLouds Family MaAcbONOUGH McIntTosH McIntosh Red iMiacksess Glyde Beatie. sence. veo BS dverdiecelocslouate Raeket eeR Mackumlay ee Pe Sc CeOM Oty sO nt Ol ORO 00200, Own OO OF08O8D10.0 OO OLOID OO OOOO OD OOF ene, 0 © 0 © 0.0 0/6 «© © ©) ¢ © © © 0 © @) 0 © © © © 0 efe © © 0) 0 © © @ ©) «| (0 ¢) © ©) (0) (eee) ere © e| 0, 0 @) 0 (0, (6 « 0 © 0 /* « 0\ (0 © © @ 00) 0 ee 06 © ee) «) ele enele OO OOO OnC ONO OUsOeCmONOedn On O) OnOuOnOn COTO OMG OeOrORDsOrsO DLO COO ODO O.0-070 05 0 ec eo eee ee or rere ene eee eee eee eee eee eee ee we oe a VOL. II. PAGE. 125 113 125 126 213 126 69, 126 127 128 128 129 129 130 21 171 17I 130 131 112 132, 173 135 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. DATCISTUNTILTSN? G6 SECS GRE aN ee RI ce ena ea er PR rd 197 LLCS TERT TIES? 9 iG RES a SE IN es ere Ra ASS 108 IN CLL OUGIS. LECT OEE Poe eae ee rae od ean a ee et ae 27 NA CNM GIDC. es ort gece Rear ee eter a GSR CURD NT EAC aA SI a Nil CNL GLO CE CALL OT ESAS ene aeRO, ae cen Oe ere ice SUC LILA TSUOINT. 5 ce Gh Greene ER area aS IST rae re ko Arr area eee ie ar er ALUM TOR MN A AUUG eax a tciaoin eee sa Ok ois ace RC cee eect ee eee HL OE ORBOCES BE Oh OE OT TROT cee RRO A eee ae a AWE GQ CMO GDO -: eechSaes sagen RRNA ess ee ae a nO eng ee kOe aa ga TMLUANGIEINTTAS e GiISa a ee a npc Pa EAE Retake rere 198 NUNCA URE OMULUYI sooo one iaik a thal aia Nioie aiais Mises Wala users ¢ pane acdsee NIIP CHO CMM oh ko SSR a cce Be Cin SMA eee ere ie eel egal alvio gas NM GBOR AROGH SHAG E RANE wigclen e AaReeinen tr Pati ean ei Corey REMMI EAN GM IMLS Test ee sae rcgese iene a atohe ales ee skecortonieriecand el ei wie, ete arin ¢ G5 Ass AS MEANININ ENN PANTONE cc etree, ese Ses, sestaic, iaiesld isa ay erect wile iets ounce ieee or 6s NE CRUEL S. LD DIOR EE OAD Seo Ose eA NCI OPE a ae Re EO oe Maiden’s Blush (synonym of Hawthornden)............. JL AS TEIBTPIUBILID) pase G Ain oes ey A SSS Pere Denote ie RH tame Pape arg Pca a 312 INCA CNRIEID G25 eas INRA a TNA at Ue ee ner 199 NL GUEOQAG S28 SB RESO ELS O SS Ce Ee 199 FAM OH aU CHRON Rete ye cis. ach cre clic es cpev's cere ssa nae wimieaies ale. niUs wba th acs 199 Niledlle COGIC BEGEERE SO se BO ae eee aE en en em 199 JMLATUTENIDA, 5 6.0:0 uy Eater ea Oe eee Otero nee rag ee etre Pane 199 Milallitt OWSROEG BERR S So ceo ce oo SHE ea ee IM GPRUDGS TESCO GSS ec Wo cp MR RENE CRC OA PRS HON ee Une area 67 AW GOROG: BOTT Cis WONG ASE) OR RR ee 67 iMommoin (synonym of Gloria Miundi)......5..¢...2.-... Vinninonvasynonyimor Golden Pippin)... ..5.......... Mammoth Black Twig (synonym of Arkansas)........... 47 Mammoth Black Twig (synonym of Arkansas Black).... 50 Mammoth Black Twig (synonym of Paragon)............ 247 NO CRUE OMG, TEU D DOB WEIS Ses Ors ay Oe Te a en eT eae ta LN OROUROWD INHTIDOS So ode Se Oa OL Ae ane IVIBAW ND NGI cect ee a ich mire ete ee Se UL oe 201 JMU) (CCID Ss Poe G 6 ale Mar Rn te eine nue ee aaa AUR MA OPCRROLIN OL WSS SR. O8 Oe ASAIO GE AL ee eee WI OPROBEO WYO? CHAD ooo Ane Ob ROR A one IMLAIRCATRIDT "S506 5 G eG Secl a BUG Biig eh elle BRCM Ree Cher ate oee era MA OP ROR: TECHS ores oS IO OEE Re eae ee ee MOP ZOOL TE OLS TRO Cnet 5 ASS Bese ahs Se eee ee MOF SOV CHU RALDIGL vor td 3 Oe COOL OOO SS EC etn WNP EOE A DINIG 668es 65 NG 65 CO GE On OT Eee 177 77 78 FY 89 51 259 259 259 141 142 142 142 142 326 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I PAGE Marsuerite: io vos ok de ood cs ee eee ee eee Marietta. Russet\ ie .obsi325.6n Pee eee 293 Marietia. Seek-No-Purther, «252322 32 eo eee 364 MARIGOLD, ;..' ss: sivn bn Vek boeauls oe oe ee sk ep eee ee ee 202 Marigold (synonym oft Orange Pippm) >: .. eee Marigold Creed’ si.% o.5ein ee eee Se eee Marigold Pippin (synonym of Marigold)................. 202 Marigold Pippin (synonym of Orange Pippin)........... Marle Carle: v5 02: Si Sse SE ee jsaos OD Moroquin i. 3 ce eed RS. OSes ee eee 264 Marrow=bone® occ. bee od ae. Sa ees ode es 2 ee eee MartTHA (Crab). osc ceueie te oe. (oo a err & MO iN as ee be OR Se AS es a eee Marygold (synonym of Marigold)» ..%2.4.-..0-.6o eee 202 Marygold (synonym of Orange Pippin).2.:.-- 2-22. soe IMLASON' “ORANGE 5052005 05'5:c. stl oceans carol nein eae 204 Mason's Improved %. 2. 6.329 oe ee eee 204 Mason's Orange. oo. Sed oa owe Saas es 2 eee 204 Massachusetts Golden Russett: 22. <2. 32. 285- 35 164 MASTEN (pb oii8 te3 ood ee Oa Sete ee oe Oe eee 204 Masten’s Seedling... ncssc5. ten the ae eee 204 Matchless: osccd ss isaw 64. tna ee oo eet ee ee 225 Matthews Stripe: 3.54 si hoes Sain Pies 5s eee MUAH ids osc ee ce ae Poeun Cee ea ee eee MOS Soo bie whe es bo ea Se ee 153 May: Apple 026. cee hak oe cb he sda 2 Oo eee 153 May Scek-No-Farther 0.0 0.385 soins gana 0 ye oe eee 153 May Seek-NoPurther nico. 252 aca oo ae oe ee ee 153 Meachem. Sweet ove. 22 hed vee et en ee ee Mela: Carla. s2 c.sceee % oes ee ee eee 199 Mela dé Carlo.c2t sc6 204 sa Peo ns ee ee 199 Mela di Carlo: 22.5.2 5500 Ge eet i ee 199 Mela-Janwtera :s20s< 5 ie ee oe Be Oo Ee 94 Melinda eco on. Hee err one oe SLES Se 199 MERTON S Sea Gas ee ee ae ee ee 15, 24, 204 Melon (synonym of Gloria, Miundi)= 322. = eee Melon Apble: 22. s23.. Sea aa ech ee See eee 204. = Melon: de-N 0vtoOn i323 soo 225 cc bas Ss OR eo ee 204: - Melon; Norton 225. ot43 ds eso te as eee 204 Melting Pippin svt iests OO eo ee 244 Menage 23sec ie Re ee ee ee eee 206 MENAGERE 325.5 -Sie reds oo eee ee nae eee 206 M Cn eerie odo 8 eS ao Soe ee con Se eas Mere dé Menage. .x.ar inten ase eee 206 MCrth «cba oh oS Lae Ne hk ei ee 88 IWIERRILL e755 sd 2 oo bal ounce Sate See) ee 207 VOL. II. PAGE. [42 131 142 146 77 a COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. NIL CPE S VASO GPT ee ERI ReaD Be a ee ee? 207 NEED OBES Oe OU EE ars Re er, een a aaa dee 381 AC MAS OULUULLE Aue so ets ce asa a eee ei ee tng Penn ee 381 DVUGIDC UP VAIN Cp maitre a 5). o5a te alctch ners Wa aratatore lol arena tere ealeaegh 158 BG ITUROTMDICO MLM ae ier ee ye iat a le eee ION eae I MMEN NER MIMOPN NY eter is hoc TSG so alece aie a.t aneloe AE EUn Om as Soe 207 Nea NOW IMA PovcH ain ote oeNi of tavct ore %, sa daa iso bre le gre Sis (Sle iets IOS olete ves wo oer cea NG 208 JMLIDISG din’ od Sesleri Eee 209 AWEUGIGOR SS A See ge ae ER RA SRE SU os BRA Sei nar 209 Mollcreer (synonym of Sinmokehouse)is-a4.02-.24556--2.- B12 Millcreek (synonym of Vandevere Pippin).............. WENO? VOUT RE Arar SEE a 312 WMMGHCCRIMVAQNOCTUCTC 0s), ton keh ei Dead RE eae eS se I WMCTILILTEIR * Go Se teneech craic eisai Wea each im ee A ea RPE em Vii eae (SVMOTLYAMe Of s EIteSteR)™ saan ye asitewe cists, seed ec 158 NWP” SCQONPTI EGOS CHRP Aeon on ere CA Cee PAL eT HG Non IR TANG BAN Gme ee tat STS SOE Sir oiad 0 devalle oct avi baiee ares Na aNer osc Bldabr a ence we JV TTA? A TUSTIRIBI DY ci estseal ars ae aA Re ESI TE een dh 7 tr RANE ecg 252 lak MLS SIS TIO 56 SSi 2 Gig ORa RIOR aUNE, 6. ey Eee NOR Car CoE re CE alia re ae Ea 212 LA URSUOP ALDDIGA Emre Ie aoe ORIEL Coc ee Or 212 JETER RRTLIBIR: yo 0taio. GARI Ree res ne et rea cara TS}, AI AU MeaeN SOWA CAD) aoc attrac teasliolcce wlert ec Sa letedelavss ultlete elk Pe wel NMIIS STEN TLIGSTIRS Aes Ae ras a eae Secret a en a ar ea 214 MAD SSUSSIYDINE: xa laa BOs CEE DSTORE OP eae Pa oe MN SSOUIG So BS ROSE GP eG OOO EE nee ae a ee 215 VS OULI MCT Camas aia koe es Cpt ee Nee aie eels yo sae 271 NAOSS DOPE ISCO P RES Ben Os RIE REE CA Era rear 215 LISS OUT OO NEC ES oitte 0 OCI OR xt Coe IE ee 215 WS SOU, POD DOT es era ocr Na ial Ane ee de jitsy Zils WMossoury Papp (synonym of Nickajack))..:...:..5..-.:- 227 NA OSSOWHE- I RIGGS ro 5s 6 Oo ie opts eR oP aa SEVP are eG 227 Missouri Superior ......... SERRE RAO ae as ane Eke eae 197 Lie, (GULUSIONE. BOS SaaS OO OE EEE ae NAGHG. BGi8 OS ROO DARIN S AB ET ee ee ate 207 NE OWDS: 66 SEH ELBE AO TA COSA SE ORLA ORAL er ae 2277 Jd OI ITO UIEISE: Ge dels Gea ry SRI ear ae reer 216 MU @mOwtily. IEDIVOGE. 5 Ao oc OO CR CR inte oe a Fe eID 2G]; MIGNRORMOWIER Trine coe ten Ce Meh es Seka bak he eee 24 LN OREEOOLI. SOIT AACS OE SO Oe OO IE I ere eee MORSE CISG. FOV OR SOOO ODE OE re MW ORSUROLS: LEG 0 EC MGC OO GRE ODODE ae ECE ee WW OBSHRODS AROUND SCR ORS OR OD Oo BE CAA Montreal (synonym of Montreal Beauty)................ Mloniregl (SHiauNain Cit Sin Iban iene) oodsoauoceucoasecne MONTREAL MBSEAUT Ye GCtal)ote cries sfre.s bets eg eclches ve eRe sess WN ORGPAR! LEOTG O58 215d cis BEI OOO OOD SONA OEE Ee NUIOOIN dios Ged UES cain ONG Fa NIAS GRA IGE AOL eee COR ne ra eee 218 327 VOR tl: PAGE. 201 Zan 231 142 142 142 260 77 10 Td. "7 / 89 260 193 261 159 328 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES, VOL. I. PAGE. WEOOTE SASHONLY ei crs ot aie lho otic s Donat oe Oe Ee eee 219 MEG OES SIVCCE Se SS sans Wels ane) Phe el he eee 219 MOONE SiS WECTING Ao: ceca Bnei eee tee ee ee 219 NOORENS WEED Seo ae we tend ale eieie ds oo senses eleeioeate oho eee 219 Moors” SIUCC TIES ho sais 4) gonna ool ae esieincpe an eee Ee 219 MOOSE? Pinte okies Geteie os Su POA ole ee ane eee ee Morgan's: HOUOTIHMC cas ous Aes eee Hee ae ee Morris: Red os en ee Ge ic ces be en eas ee "324 MOSHER |. 2.5.86. fe Ga o4 cate Saute Ge Sele se loan ee er Mosher Sweet ccc -cajte sd betes os oo eases See eee MODELER” 2’ ti lore access cuteltgdere wvcueie oucusci oth autre Gaga ee ee L Sey 24 Mother: Apple on cau cae les 8 Je sala: hee seen ote Eee Mother (of. AMericg 568. as eas on oe ee ee MVE OUNEGINCCT 5. «sae ee we 8 ne 2 Soe be oes Coe Mountain Flora so so ec owed chs (ooh See ee Mountain Pippin (synonym of Fallawater)............... 125 Mountain Pippin (synonym of Newtown Pippin)......... 146 MOUNTAIN “SWEET. 232, cejascs 2 G8 ove exe cere org eee MOU 'SEoea a. cette ee aieie cutie oraee oi cioleie cote Gia ea Guaeia? om Gene MOVER Soo oc ene: Ue ae Cassie. 6 4 hae nae a oat Ce 220 MO yer CPI e? wo id's Bootes oocyst 2 ies xchat oe eee 220 Mie Ol eo OO eons, 5 ane oe Oe Bia. oer eRe ee Mumiper> Vandeven: oo. cn Sin sae ae Oeics Gee 213 WMIUNSONS: Soa: arg sit cho Sees oFls ose Las athe) Ge Vinson SWCCE ae Gaeta oe 0, eee Munsow. Sweeting wr nce ee od ohh Bs as Mee MUS CH OVERIUS A es Se hate 5 toe cette eee a a oe ee Musgrovers Cooper (synonym of Grosh)...>....2.5seeee Musgrove’s Cooper (synonym of. Western Beauty)....... MUsRPOOMY <5 on oS eR as, he BS ee he eee MUSRO SPaCe™ RE OO eR Ee Moysattis Bergamot < esis cine secs eee ek ee eee eee Moyeris (IN ONPOTEU. RE cc Sek hie ie Oe ee Ni@litua Jabloky Sic. ei ran cre men oO ae OO ee eae INORWO? ARTITIDO™ Sogo cebu odbc eek sce tis Sb as ian ee ee NCU SE. ihn ue ie Meta cs 29ONE ioe is craig Mstewd eicec ag Nese ee Neige-Frambotse. des Gleleni 3 .osshe 2s a eee oe ee Netsleyies- Winter (sat ain d aor semen ones See eee 255 Neisleyis Water Rene ais cn ce ne ee 255 INFETE SOWING ete gs samc ciclo sorting pa ene Rees UPR Ee In 8S 5 5 22m NGLS OWS WCET ee as Ses ak ee CO eee 221 Nie Pls Ot gees oe eek ane a ig tee een 88 SINTER Of SS egcher sees oe acc colt sersein ce Sec eee ok acres NS AN tere are ee 222 Neustadis. eclver Reppiie =. 9.4. .s4 2a ee ee 146 I NICRICT sl! ULE Svea cee le eae nosso ake Ric ae oe Paget INC UOT f OGLE OR a Sea. oes be ee ORR Oe Sn eC OE INTE WAAIR Roh PPE Ni 1 205 e0 0 aysiicrss hs i gk aunt aols is Bey aural ates eo ore AI eR A 223 Newark: SWCCUne Waacs. «Sache ose te Oe COO VOL. II. PAGE. COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 329 VOL. I. VOL. II. PAGE. PAGE. RUE IUIOSTOTGICL Gals. cal occu SA RHR jsece lee ER a Oe tae eae I5I I eae Ul UV MME ess oN co can Nya: os ecars AUS Ua Nea RNS TL Bey Sheds as mudenenradeVaahoiar ete 107 Nene Joab tel (EQUI Tay SST ere nek ea en ee hee 164 New England Russet .......... SES co Nesey vel Pena ON ee pe 164 GME OLGHE SCCRNOLULLWE, aac. cs cree ses sieleciecnese 364 Nem GreCuie eR Cee ee eee eee 331 DO bl LOOSE DETR ET EEL BCR oe A LER ae tEn gna ee 53 I TENFNLAINT 6 \ oto co: Sohne a ae an Aeon Peet 24, 224 VRID (SCOTT NAN rete Nate gee at lane She ae ane ree eae 224 oa MV OSSOV AR Rei aca epee acoA ea oe eon ee ea 197 INicrUmMVOde I Sland GLECNING 0.0606 ve co ccenscecssveteses 331 IM CEOEO TES 2) 0 eee ety An Aesth ua areine eee 146 NM CUMOD SPLAT OCA Tae es Aa TET ER A Pe A 225 PNIGULOMMES DILSCIVOUTON.. Soc oo oc cua Caicarn a Sine vars sans bw eweles 225 CON NECTIOWI IE UP PU, os. cisis cael cass os ceaalels one’ 146 LN CLOLOCIE (GLE DLN Rh an Sen ee Oa eee 83 PEN UAHOMUINEAEP PIN cod codecs loa a a cole. shoal bien fee a ews IT, 15,160; 10, 146 INIGTOORUIE SPULZOINMOELS 65 csc ccis seo c clint s vaese eo vwece secs 225 LS QDR SSO ATO A A IE a ea a a 225 INERGRO WENGE OPITZENBURG .) 4. eee Orange. Blenheim 2006008 so yosc ke cae oe ee ee Orange dé COX. oo citak ea. can eaves een eee ORANGE OF NEW: JERSEY <2.,5 6 25. scccllsons bee Serie eee ORANGE (OF “PENINSYLVANIA> 031) chen «tons Coe oe ORANGE: PIPPIN 43:0. jo cous Ook oe een aa eee Se ee Ovange Pupp (synonym of Marigold). 4.1.22 eee 202 Orange Pippin «(synonym of Blenheim) =... 5.-. eee eee Orange RUSSEL) os os. tes aos oes oe eee ORANGES SWEET ue Peete oe seen TEN tag hs ee eae oe Orange Sweet (synonym of. Munson) ..... Orange Sweet (synonym of Golden Sweet) .............. Orange Sweeting (synonym of Golden Sweet) .......... Orange Sweeting (synonym of Orange Sweet) ........... OTIC GUS © cock isle ew eo NC Be CE 161 OPIOTE oie oo 8 be ee SRS hain en ee Ornement de Tabie ........ IAS ele wna aaa ee 243 OV SUNG. 6 jc eae oe OS ee Ae Ee ORTLEY 5.5. 0o cia sR oO ae ee ee eee 244 OvileyeApple era. Sia ghia ia saes tal hes Tans toe Neon 244 Ortley Pap pine ci wc Ga nee On eee eee eee 244 OSZ00d'S: FAVOUTIC. nc iEsh Sone ee ee hehe eae Osimoe ... ; OSROLOOS8G, sous x ous sche es Pe Oe ee eee OSTRAKOFF ... VOL. II. PAGE. I5I 96 97 131 97 106 155 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. PAGE OSHPONZOUE (GUUS soto tie Bo CCU NER rer OSIVALOUE: 3.56 BOSS Shai Ges CORSE CRT ee AL OLE ee ae OS CIOHES (GUUSS BE SoS Oe OOOO ee ee ee WT AEDID LIM SAA TO Lee Se AA eA A ee OSCR OW SROTG SUCRUGNRG (02. is vated yo ieee es 83 ee ce ve OSPDIROUP Od oF Bs. Ge PERS Reh IOS Ee CREE ED OS OBOUTS {CG UGSS Salo Oe RRR SC Oe ee ance Oise AUDIDND see St ene Serta etna Pan ge a eee ae Oh-~Even(Gsynonymeor Buckingham)... ...5.-s-.50..00. >.< 88 Ox Eye (synonym of Newtown Spitzenburg) ............ 225 OZeven(synonym),of Vandevere)) 0. o.cc + sees es eos ele Oxheart (synonym of Cheeseboro) ......... 56S ide en ane Oxheart (synonym of Twenty Ounce Pippin) ............ 349 CRC Golden BeQutiynted. A vee soe os eke teense. : PL LIGCMOUNN TOR eet DML Weer verse sR slag ced eae let oes ane Be Pia eioke 135 DEIR LE DDE cate or es as gs NR eae ee aa ne cl IP); FLOIUSIB,. oc che cie hee DUMONT SI ee OO a er JER SLINTIIR 5 6:6 3 VS RR OU RS Rene aT tae area 246 IP OMGUGIP (GAGE TTT Aes, 5 Re RO Peete OSE Wines See Inara 361 POU DOE Off ING STA AP SOE COED OS Be eS A ee 246 POOP 0. EES MSOC NS CLOT RSET CE Ee ee ee eee PUD EPASIBILE” Gan 6 have BC Oh DOGS Ae CSTE RRO ora ee LE DAOGIES ALTON FS AOA ES SOC OE a ae EOE MATE? OR PCy Oe pm OE te re eA OO eae 380 WAUUDUSCAV ANTEC US WCC. Foo iw cise sitavei sje eerdisioele og 0 8 sees 380 PRTEACON on chao Hee ieee Ce Sea CEE 2 CHORE =a eae ay 24, 246 gan aeow A(SYMOLyINe OL ATKANSAS)) ...2 2) mec ce eee sess es 47 TAUUSCTAIMANUVUOMP IRCINCHTE + 36006 o06 os ovo cy oees 6s ce wees es 04 aie (Sy MOny TiMOn NCATE) «5 si sis sc feito acc oe ses odes 197 NAMI ESV OLMyIMOk ATK SPICE) onc: boc Fe ec diye cle oisyelels 248 aon esynonymeor long Red Pearmain))....-.....-..-.- Pale. ADDIE Ose ocd BCE AC ee OE ea ee 248 IPOANS AL CODE?” © Sie POSS 6 OA CO ee ee 197 IPERS SPC aS acs Ud Bt. Goo See eee Oe a a nee re eA 248 LPUNRALIONT elu. ¢ © PaO Be GIS GS COTE ERE Rn en nee EI ements 248 POPU S IBCOLY): E550 ORO Ate OEE AE OEE 248 POLO. CU ADAQIALO. CEO OOO TO AO aE ae 378 JP aap CHIEIEDOE ves Ae Oe TO Le a eee 378 IE OAR DAL GR DYNES Bg NOOR Cee SOC REE SO ETT To eae 378 TPATEER? TERE De 28 Sesh cr ge oe sn IPRINSORT 6 so Sy SSE Aa Ne ANG COOTER ae ra ee Ag en eae mene 249 POS OES SUICC BS Se OS RT ae 249 ERP UOSTCE ALE Se SS OO ne Roe II4 JU SOUS SIICEL “Bea OOD Ee OE ICES 54 IF SZACT STUN paste eee ota ered clceslnlisynie uals cielo a Sct als ithe «aiele a ekwieieS ares JEG SI DUVCILOSS. IN OVARIES OOS ee Te LEGGE GRCCTINE COTO REDO OCOD OOO ee ee ee IPCREPSOTES. SUSQGR Fc. Seg Fag OO IE BOAR aoe 54 on | U1 ur on U1 ou our on on N N 125 i 334 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. PAUIy IMPERIAL (Crab) os. on oun eee ea Dee ee eee PAWPAW! eek swaeuecstis esl oieewles Seige: See eS es ae Sa ee 250 Pawpaw Seedling 555302254 26s ec ee ee eee 250 PAYNE ooo boc'cc ce tenes Son eo eee 250 Payne Late. Keeper.ve wc. oso scenes os eee ae ee eee 250 Payne's Keeeperig ince ken ieieclne tee eee = 3 ace 250 PAY1ON 555 ee ae eo a a ns be 135 PEACE 22/0. 52 Ske Se nosis Sees Ee aie eee ee eee 251 Peace’ (Wonireéal).. 236s s5cea's 0 Shake 12 ee Se ee eee Peach Apple of Montreal 20.3 oo 32 fo ce ee Peach. of, .Kenituckycu 6.5.3 ks oo ee eee 251 Peach. of. Montreal. so. oon back ee ee eee PEaca . POND |. 3s..c0065505 6 oe on Pee ee eee Peach. Pond Sweets. nose es en el eee Peach Pound Sweel «.ac22% sos hos sous ee eee eee Pear Apple sic 35 cae cn eee SN Ee Cee Pear LOR sos out Re sn eave Co ee Oe ee PEARM AEN: 0250-05 vs o-e% See tae Deo BRaE eee Deke tere eee 252 Pearmain (synonym of Winter Pearmain)............... 378 Pearmain (synonym of Long Red Pearmain)............ Pearmam @ Hager - 5 ows 2s 28 oe Senate on eee 378 Pearman ferefordshire.... <2 3.2. < o.oo. ee eee 378 PEARSALL; oi igh ts pelea oc GeO es ies wee Roe ae ee : Pearsall's S Week 4.jo sb can boos seas see eee Pearel ree, L0t, 366 oR Sd Seb awe eo eee PEASE) co ciadhe bose cae Sica emer s RARE cook Re ee Pease. cW aliers. (0 nos Oe eae ee eee Prascoon:. NONSUCE: 222522. 2n: case wee so oe eee Peasgood’s. Nonesuch. oc. .o3 fs: ono 5s eo see POG Seo Sones eke So ee eee 264 POR OS 65 bee oO eS ped SO Eee eee 253 POCROF T555 ct oe os8 So Sede si bee SEER Sek BE oe eee 56 Pac Pleasant ce ke eee ee EOC eee ee 12, 24, 325258 Pecks “PlCdsanbes oso ee eee Perens Se ve - 253 Peewatikee 25 500s shows be ee Se eee 258 PONCE He nA eine OS ee ee ee eee 255 PeniGle ase oe hon eee oe wee ee 255 POnnith = 53) SS ears SEe ooo woe ee ee ee 255 PENNOCKS@ Ss Si cect cas ae oe ane Oe eee 17, 255 Pennock’s: Red Wanter : .. 22:25 - eee 255 Pennsylvania: Cider, jo. 2a ores ois - 3 ee eee eee 311 Pennsylvania Red-Sivegie? 3c ns Bo ee ee 373 Pennsyluama Wandevers” oan re ee ee eee Pipin dé Kent © he ee 528 eee Sone Ree ee eee Pepin: de Ne€w-Y OR s.cks San no See ee ae ees eee 69 Pepi ih OF: leas. So ee oe eee eee eee > 141 Pepin Parmatn)d Augleterre. 2 ee eee 378 Pepin Farman: @iliger. neta 4 can eee ee 378 VOL. II. PAGE. 262 159 159 159 160 160 160 174 244 125 161 161 244 161 161 162 162 231 I5 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 335 VOL. I. VOL. II. PAGE. PAGE. 2853, TPIDSUDTS GEOG R ORDO ORD SACI ee oe 184 PP EGUIE™ ID a OSC 1G pO 6 OIE oe ee ee ee re 57 2 EETEE NES SO CSO OTOL Oe ee 379 PENG GPANIR UGH pe OO 21 Re RNS ICME ere eae at eee ete era vera sad Sie ais Ss Ba Sees 379 PEMUEID so8e FOS OOE OL Ca OE ee oe ee ee 379 LP EEEA? LEADTSTERIBA TOC as cout orc nS mea a 162 PR EGG) SU AGUIRRE S Oe AOR AO eee 162 PORE LISS 56 06 Suc chchocte © cae eee One 256 PETER 22220 SOUS SES ORS Oe EEO ieee ae 25 163 [2 EARP SIONAELE IEA De OIA OR ee are a 146 PGTCASOWESAC WOTIANION. 223 550 mca csehaescsecee eeu waite Nee 32 LES AUID® CRESS CGC CITC CEN C HRCe ane ne era I8I 2 EH? ALON -IRGSE sas tol pele Ore OO CE OO ER re I8I LPS AUDI ROTA! ein Sean can ee ee 181 PERT ALGIB” eb aR OO CEI Ec I a on a I8I eIRCIHICLIC NGIISE 2 «sti se oe Wace cae cb as eae ce cusses 96 PEEP ED SOR Bo Gh SOOO Ie Or oe eae ee 195 LP ERP IESSIEGE sic PRA ePeRCLG eee Ea Ree ee 195 RULES cold e Son Sh ene eee eee a 25, 258 LU LIBES 3 5)y salad TOO COE gO Ce ITE eee ea 262 ee PP ee ee ens eel ule wee 5 Fase Go e064 262 PPE os Sod Bo bab 6 b ORE IIS Oe Oe ee ete ea ee 206 Philadelphia Pippin (syonym of Fall Pippin)............ 62 Philadelphia Pippin (synonym of White Spanish Reinette) 241 emMNUCA ILUMES CUCEL Bt ocak iw fe 6 lave sp ook es oS 0k Pee wh Se 's ite) LSE IRIGIG: - 3 Bel eel a DIS 0 Dee Oe 172 foci (synonym of Pennock). .:....5.-.. 60.605. 06: See As Raia (SY MONA Of ROME) © 0.0% 06 oss es oe oe be we eee 290 LP TESS sae ee BOs the Be CII ee ee ees 3 LP DASE sthypad 60S COE See CTO a 3 POGUE 25 one gO 8 6 a.cie OS CCT a ee eee pen 260 IPUSTIAUS IRGLARUDR en eo Re ee ee 260 LP US'REUPEL nc; 6 OREO SO SE eae ee 260 Ear m ODDIE SERVE Er <5 See ee a ierale as ie elalg.eo sd, deena aloesne s 260 PUG ROE © RCS. ns Aa Oe Be oe OE eee oe 260 PU RECI) IRO LOD” Cane 8 oe ae ee Ee ee 89 enema, Sires “(CG iell) pegs on cies eee 263 ieeapple (synonym of Elelland Pippin). .........223..2% IOI Pie Apple (synonym of Sops of Wine)...-............... 203 PALIT 2p abdgoadne no BOO Eee er ee me 263 IPieie, SUPICRTF Ws cole eee EER ot Oe Ee CE eet ne 263 TDS abe h 6 o> ACIS ORD Cleae Son oC ec er Cae en Ra 262 PEERED 2 no MO Bo bre oe a ete ER ea ee Peas 153 PGT S IGOR Of od AG ee eee 125 PCT DUE sos ES 0. Set 2S AE OE ea eee ee 257 PLAT DIUO IRESSOM fore Seo Ae OI Oe ee Oa 257 LPG IBYAUTOM SO) PARAL OS ee OOO are eee 125 336 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. PINE STUMP (ai. os Saiee ecb esl tieaale oy de sue che ele ote 263 1 A errr ME Mme Bh c io s000d07 4 - 262 PIPPIN: 2055 Via uu eile ere ot elo alone elena ha he a 263 Pippm (synonym. ot Newtown Pippin)... eee eee 146 Pippin, Bullocks vaccs esa ode he Sees dae Eee 89 Pippin: ROnk bog heel Soe es Be Rds foe ee See Ee Pittstown Pippin oon 0 oe ee koe ee Pitzer TA ook. ac is oh els Uae Oe 269 Platar chim i065 cecs cus Melee $4 obese eee 379 Plodouttka Caudkaja:..-2.. neds ee pee ee EEE Plodowtika CuadRaja..00..0. sos eee Eee PLUMB CIDER (ee cies ca Bee Oe ela ew ein cee Plum: Cider 3 iieia sieve cies oath oh eos sano oes Sen Pointed -Pupea oecciis vie veh oe on Saree ee eee POlCCEE -aiibo a coils nel ses cs Oe ak Od Ole eee Polhemus Oy he Ok b ie Dees Bea Boe Ben ee ee 219 Pomnve “ASiUGCHhai sso ances Pere ems Py 5, Pomme @ Aptos een iii oia wale vals Ole See ee 181 Pomme WApt ROUSE 0.6 wisls aus ors dhe 0) ele eee ee 181 Pomme WAPMS ers oss a teks ik cae le Fe 181 Pomme @ Astrachan 902s Oea cee soo ole eee eee Pomme de Blenheut... ..do.0. dc o.en. wee ae eee Pomme de oC @ens core oid ona Bie oe 0! sa abs See Ee 04 Pomme de Charles..... eal ER YEAR ee ee 199 Pomineé de Curd cope ow bee 2b ae ee 2609 Pomme dd Ete of (Canada. 2. o.2.4 tease eee Pomme de Fameuseé.... 0+ hid... e sss se ee ee eee Pomme de: Fer... swcdkos tine Baws 5 ca id A OR EEE Ee 292 Pomme de Hawthorndena... %3-: 5s. eee eee Pomme: d@LGGR xc oy ooo oe ea he ede Ce 114 Pomme. de Neigé: cn 2oc saes $08: 6 eons eer Pomme de Notre-Dame. . ois Sens 08 oo ee Pomme @ Orange < oe So gains Oost ee oe os oe Oe Pomme de Transylvania...... OO PRN Asso 5.6 54 0c 64 Pome -F amewse 2 as Ak oie on ois os) a0 eal ee : Pomme: Findle:: sc ceidcc at wei as orisiaicieiae yell eee 199 Pomme. Gracfenstew 000 oe av ed « toioe wicie tee 5 See eee PonvinenGree- Gomcine case Ce eee Pre foo 264 Pomme: Gris s cvs oh do eet See eae) ne eee 264 PomMME. GRISE: 1. 322s bawls os oe eco tine gee 264 Ponitme Grise: @ OP sie ee Ee 328 Pomme: Groseile 200 boo hoes eta eo ae ee Pomme :Bechee eG eee ous © ee len ace ee Pomme Rose 65 o3h6s conned a8 ood Boe eee 181 POMEL OY eis 5 wi Sirniy Beran ate sakes eles eae CERO 184 IPO UIGUIKGOMGH! baoid Goo ons F685005005 600000 nn Gd80 bo b00C C026 MONO IG I MONOUIG’ SA RBS ah ec doko Cd DD Od Ooo n8 505060 000690008 Pomme Roye (synonym of Pennock)...... ER Rs! 3 oo 255 VOL. II. PAGE. 15 79 170 170 164 164 32 212 239 239 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 337 VOL. I. VOL. II. PAGE. PAGE. meme love (synonym of Dyer) ....0.5:6..6.0.-6.0 0. ees AQ TINE CTE REO BE Ce: Se ee a ee ee 49 PSEMECZOELCT att TPELIMOIS= 26 52st ta ere SE x oS Sa e Se he Pe oes AQ eBERNOME I Fae fo str hs Me ce DEE ee Se dace che oes 164 MaPPREEATI SEM TRELIILILIIG (E29 oreo 20e sighava ee & o wc'e oon See Baa 3 PGI STIG CAUSE Oe Ee I ORE 181 EP DIE OIE eo citi A 0 TREE eI Ra ae 233 PRMD PME aot ora tetas Sia Sais ws bbls ale Sie de Ui Se ae Re Be 311 £2 CRU TES LEE IE RE aera ee a 311 PURTSE 2nd oR EE peter Rene ce Reo at aa rear 12 A=sE5 166 a INBE Nene Hares S252 ok sean Ss 5 See eer Celene oe ne eB os O4 P23 BETES INCU Ae te eae de SP de Te a 6 LPI SORES LOTTA oe I a EO ne ee ee 116 Reins earee Grey SeC@ung 2.27. 2os0ke bees kee eet se. 116 REESE PIECE SICCOUN GD: ox cette oe 2 ace Sie he Oe OAs hb es 116 Poughkeepsie Russet (synonym of English Russet) ...... 118 Poughkeepsie Russet (synonym of Perry Russet) ........ 257 imammecsynonyin OF Pallawater) .0...2..s2.2202.26.5%. 6. 125 Lem SViIOMYy HI OF Nickayack )” ..: 5.222 22s eects ee ces « 227 Pound (synonym of Gloria Mundi) ......... ene Mee eee 77 PIMINPEMLAR ET hate, Se nee Ue ee the ea haha sce ieee, os 3 62 fauna moyal (synonym of Fall Pippi) ........0.3...... 62 Pound Royal (synonym of Golden Pippin) ............... 7 Eun icover (synonyin of Lowell) 22. 2222.2... 9.28. 128 Pound Royal (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) ........ 125 12D CLENS TEOL NY SE Chel IO ae a PAG TS DTPLT ES VISE a 266 167 Pound Sweet (synonym of Moore Sweet) ............... 219 Pound Sweet (synonym of Pumpkin Sweet) ............ 17I 12 DEES: 2 AE SRE Sh IT a a 168 Exvacer emetic Franché de Grandville ......-......---.- 264 RSNA LS tis LAs nese Se ee Saeed Behe 266 LEE. ST TASISTE Magee ai Bae ea a area rk al te gig 266 ae SME LON OP OLC OM ae ae reklam eos ers) Scie is cote be eos Gee Hetae 3 2 EG AGATA AR aOR ER gE Tr eee 73 Pea e TET GTH Ty Wg oa AES an = eee 62 MARAE CMON LLC RUSE fas oe fe oe sees ne eis Bie Rae e Mos SRT a eae 337 [POL Ge Git dite We IG RU Oe een 62 TSETEEOIAy 2 5c ES eps ne Se es eee 267 LP IBESEL ERD 5 cot Sea gE EGER ES a 267 RCS IEP AMECTICUN © See c..') 52 US cis oi oe Ge swaed sa gce os 267 ERD OASYS » 6 6 Bie Re aa eu SSG a ae na ae 167 TOVIVE LAE OE UE EON aa edi este a sesd ie aed aa Braye, s Boies awe is Sento athe 240 IPEDS JAD BEE Se BB Cee eee eee ene ee ee a 268 EMEC wALICHE a CleONe)) a) ert uic ccc cida< BAS s ees. cob ees dees 268 JPY ATEG: TESTO 1d tee eee Ae Bone Aig we ee eee 19 DRESS Oa Meee) etn Sige s Sak asain oo eae eo ee 6 142 AMC CHORMLTOGIES elec oe bi Sano See Sar 8, Be Be Ro ere bo 5 es shes 21 338 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. Prince's Early Harvest x. 2. 50. sacine see soe oe eee Prince’s HOvvest c2. cece diane Oe se oe eee Princes Large Papp of New York =o: 2 eee Prince's Large Red and Green Sweeting ...........-.+.s6 Princes Red and Green SWeetl 2c. os eee eee Princes Vellow Harvest sia. s08. see eee Princess: LOUMSCes sic nn Paks. con le ee Pringessin-Apfel 0 ose 0. ide ha deos AO be a eee Prior's date (Red. sivcs tren han. Se eee Oe eee 269 Prior's Red ce cian tes Behe ol ca ER CE eee 269 PROLIFIC BEAUTY | so. e sche nie ele see eee eee 16 Proiite Beauty (synonym oft Pennock) ==... eee eee 255 Prolific Beauty (synonym of Blue Pearmain) ........-... 80 Prolufic. SWeeh cue hue in als Bathe s bn es Dee ; PROLIFIC! SWEETING 8:4 $60.0 scc oyoce «ios war Se ee eee PYUSSHOW i o0 ois 5 6 See eae 8 ed ee Ole Ce ee PRYOR 80 Sis aedS ayes 5 hie Saks 6 Rasa Alas ids WO ee ee ee 269 Pryor. Red. vids ica ds uate) obs cee ee eee 269 Pryor. PeCQrmQy ov cies con cess be bad aul eee 269 PrYONS Red oi.08 Lei hse. mons oven OE eee 269 PUMPKIN, RUSSET (2-5 oiiies id «4 os soe ee ae ee eee PU NEP IGEN? SWEET ais Nattonies. osteo ea oe ee ee Mewes is Pumpkin: Sweet (synonym of Cheeseboro) .............-. Pumpkin Sweet (synonym of Pumpkin Russet) .......... Pumpkin Sweeting (synonym of Pumpkin Sweet) ........ Pumpkin Sweeting (synonym of Pumpkin Russet) ....... Putmans Russet s.0083.2 53 oes 3 eee 293 Putnam sRUSS8CE 2. on carat ie en en ee eee eee 203 Putnani's- Savewell....4hes oh ae aw eee 299 Pyrus WASirdcaniea “oct os Sa ee ee ee QUAKER 3 (Crab) ost es Sa ees Oe eee Quaker (synonym of Streaked -Pippim)) 2222-2522 eee eee 321 Queen (Synonym ot Buckingham). ..4- 6225466 See 88 Queen (synonym of Summer Queen) <23522>-- see Queen. (synonym of Walliams) 4.4.3. -- 33) oo eee Queen Anne’ (Synonym-ot (owell) 25.5 5-44 -- eee Queen Anne (synonym of Mother) a=. .55-5-- eee QUEEN” CHOICE «(Crabs ines Soba Dee ee one eee Queen of, Haywood .25... shake ose: Se ee 155 Queens So. Vo Se Beis Ss a Be Ra ee 84 OU eens COE iene i ee OUINCE, (of Cole): (oscvamew 0 ot no ee ee eee QUINCE”. (COP COxe). 2 ork Se ee ee 17; Ouince*Ap ple: sess er ts CRI ee a Rao A DPE wie ke oc od cee has Se eee RUATTIS! 28", aioli Pw oes 8 eS See EO EE ee ee 18, 24, 270° RATS (GROUP: aria hans Se eg ee Ce eee 24 VOL. II. PAGE. 51 51 62 177 170 169 38 170 17I 33 170 172 170 239 263 212 242 128 143 264 263 174 174 174 146 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 339 VOLE VOL. II. PAGE. PAGE. IRGINS J CRO $0.5 G6 OAD AGO Oe en 271 RUA INTENO) 3 eaten eee Sore Ride ote caine |e ak 17, 1k, BA, 773 LRG UP OBIE: 05 ores cio 8°8 OR OVER OR aa eee 273 JCD ORCC 90 8 Bons ole OO ee Ree oe ae nee 272 ERO OU CLE ~ 6.86 opto A NRO REE ee re ee eS 109 [2ORUDOUP. 6 0 666 Lae Ben ORE Oe eee Aree 213 JR GMBDOWP? IECHATG: ke die Sm Tosa aye eae ee eee ee ane ae ee 379 LR GHUDOOUP JBUGUUC «or A olarOhs ope eter SCR RCC Oa s.0008.0 00 tos ie viewk ok ae eee 114 Reimette du Canada .vies.3. ooh. os. eee 04 Reimette du Canada w Cortés.) 023. 2... 202 eee 04 Remetie dw Gawada Blanche Jo20.2 28 oo see 94 Remetie Grenade*Anglatse. .i-2. 22 es J aa eee 184 Reimette:Grise: coe che sca ic Pehl hs a ee ee 264 Reiwmette Grise Brownlees. tos. 550 bese 33h eee 86 Reimetie Grise de Darnetal . 3.2024. 0:. eee 264 Remetie Grise Double 0 o..0. cone: she ee eee 265 Reimette Grise de Granduille .3..2 2.2242 428 ape ee Remetie=Grisecd Haver .. 2 ce sie. see ee eae 265 Retnette. Grise FE Xtrd os nd eos v4 Fs 8 blo eae eee Rewmetie: Grise-Franchaise: 5s. do += 6s 2 ee eee 264 Remetie Grosse de Angleterre ©... 2.534) 4242-0 ee 94 Reimette dandsber.ger:: (ss:.c 3 ¢ Sac denne eee 1 ee 119 Reinette Liutsht so. 225 856 oe as Foo eee 130 Retwnette -MOnstvueusé ss. oon i256 3552 320s as eee 25 Remette Monstreuse de Canada .. 2.2.2.2. 222-2 eee 04 Retnette Orange dé COo%. . 0055.6 ~ 2 eo eee 42 Reinette Pepin: . 2incs. sa ches oP ha noe ee eee 280 REINEDEE slip INGese eer Seer mee oe ee eee 280 Retnette Qwarrendon S30 sina a eave 6 > eh eee Coe eee FROSEA Uy cea. sos Baccetsreyenrs a eiasiAin tere bore eee tee 292 ROSE-COLORED? LADY) APPER I 25 535 -S.jos eee cen ee eee 182 ROSE.” RED is-c5 24 wb 5 wise NG ee le ee ee Rose SWeet <3. d sjhons acd seats sna, ee ee 232 Roshdestrenshoe soo seta thagn Sheet eee eee ROSSCOIA EAE a Tas ee oe ee verde eve eegeree Gals eee 292 ROSS Greening ic Woke ded shed ee ee 352 Rother Astrakhan x. joes ono k os a cee eee Rother Eseries cso h he dew ee eee 116 Rother Eisér. Apfel: 222.8 oooh is eee so ce eee 116 Rother Gravenstewtens cs a, oees 050 lek oe eee ROE I GCOUS cies Ss Rae SOS a Se ee eee Rother, Jacobs Apfel...caic5080). sonchaiss on eos pe Rother. W emapifelh 28 sens oe a eee Rotherwem: Appel iiss cases een eee eee Rouge: d@ Pryor s isi aes ind Rate ha we ee 269 Rouge Rayee. (synonym: of Biser) :-....5.4.2 eee eee 116 Rouge: Kayee (synonym of /Redstreak)....2...---4 eee 278 Rough icand © Ready cscs hain sas how ied ee ee ee Round sCatshead: vss tesend oe, olen: ses ee ee Round S Weed. eek Ce oe Saas 6G h Od oe eee Round. DOP is aoe Heise wee eh PSR Sap. al ee ee FROM TaeeAg ae Cranes e tee ve PeiaeleSii uss seaate eset eae 204 PROX BU RV ate oa ee nce a at pea aca on ee Is; 16, 17, 18, 23: 205 Roxvbury: RUSSCt 6s ine 3 3 ace Se dn ios eee eee 293 Rombury (Russe g (os aos 5 as coe ses oe ee ee 293 Ne IRMSGAP 555 co bogd 505552504055 16095599580 22005222255: 204 Road Qianette: ©. oun. Monsees Jered esesleinlsepe eee eeen 271 Royal Red ot .Kentucky.c2 5. isc..2 5 3s,526 sGuicen eee 375 Rubets=V inogradnui Ss ccc oalron belo: side oe ee eee Rubes’ Viuinogradna . onc nents nee Soe Oe ee RUDICON 2 ie 85 BR ee Ee 250 Ruch matte See ees BR AE Be Ree ee 227, Ruckman’s: Red 208 és i tol ae = OO ee 227 Russam (Synonym or saighn)s: 5... - ee ee Russam (synonym of Long Red Pearmain)............. TRUS SOB CFSE Gu Beate ee iT LO ie rea eee 204 RUSSE?? BALDWIN? 6.85 condoms ete eran a het ete eee 50 Russet, Boston 07 ROPOUrY a a ee ee eee 204 Russet “GOlden. 5.28 one eR Oe ee Ee 143 RusseeP carmatn inc Ses ae ee ee ee 164 Russet Seek-No=Further sss 0k oe eeeee 364 VOL. II. PAGE. 189 189 190 244 244 113 125 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOLT: PAGE. MUS SION Gumi ATED VEEN chs aislls tar evsves ee Guts Auch Soaiete. oh deaian Tseeccicin Gly ie Seatelbcs RUSS, LERUROPOR ED BOL CESAR Sa CIE een ee LRM SSRN ALSO OS ICL oe en ee eee GUSTER ONE i355 os vn SER oeRO Ia ch cob oes Ray 2 AO ae A IQUNUEDGE (2.6.6. « Se SEIS SRS Atae eee HERA RO De one re opes SODUDO so coke eo SS oe EE a nee er Ron ae S Giff SEODOUTE SBI BS ME ICR ae a STP STA TEI CIUINED 7 See se ee Re ere Se Sf SHUMMOUSE NG So 50 86 Bo OOO CR eR Ae eR ee SAILS. RUSS BG CeCe Oe Se on rei yee ee RD S&T OIE Se SUSU UC TAN Saee e ae Oe bee is ee ee ee Sr, LAWRIE SB cat cote ee ne ener hie ee ae Rn 17h S CLD GALLSLI CCG BAS ee POR Oe OE Oe ee ee ee ea SOME ILC SE Do OEE RS ee eee ee Sot, TO BINGR “aig cece chaser PO OR See ea rs enna EN, eee ene ‘SALAS ye eR os nie en Salisbury Pippin ey STS SL RISER Bi EAS OER SE eer SSDI UG OIOT 3 es ae COT CO yr en ee SUMLOMMB, *o.5 oS SS Ra I CC ae Oe a ar 24, 207 SOV CLS SSRIS NG SS SOS EIES CL ARTI ane PE eee eae SGPSOD ~ 5 5 due SMG Re eae ee rE Oe lee ee oe ae SOPSOMMBE: "SASL B Ob LOO Oe re tee SOS AOS: “SCCOP Ps One ee a ne ee SVARSWTEILAL, |g obs ts G6 SS coc /o Re so EEC NE roe Nat ree SASSIRONT 5 Sos SS Oe RE Se eee ee eee ranean Oe era SCMORQUAGH EOL DE Ce ee nee SECON GCE (GOUSUOIOR Bon Bono G8 OOS LOO 6 SAR EOS Oe SCATRILIITE BBY ATONE 5 fies Si eS ee RCE cI eee eerie ee SC ATRICIDTE (COUNTING EVOL T ES eee Ct Si PEA Se a CE Scarlet Pearmain (synonym of Kaighn)...........-...... Scarlet Pearmain (synonym of Long Red Pearmain)...... SCARIER PBS es SB eta EMRE ts cy OER aT ae tears yn ee ere SLL ROSE EE Sf ORES Oe OC FOES ERED OPO ELE Saanlottentivaler GOVOG meer cls c ee eee ane. . ‘S\CISIOIUNGI S56 inte pares Rote ee Cee 1a ate ti Ss sas ca este sues SGC IVC1LC OMS OSIC OOP eit a abetoiter ee ales ehedeneroits 4 steve. claim eusla esas SChOOUECE EGP. SBP a OO OG ER SCNODRE GO). IROSZOOV 88 vb Ob O65 O ORS RO Ube S06 abd OO oe SS GE OOININVAURGESR test tec when cteston eter canara avesre Va ts er encgcte ie elon engi aia ices Sema Sassy Bes eee Se Be se ee ese i re eae ee a A SRG LEY 30 CROC EOE SE OOO ITT OOO Oat Ree SCOR M OPN GIMMIRT OWER Se eka c lone Ue ree aioe be eel 345 VOL SIT. PAGE. 197 197 346 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. Scollop Gilliflower (synonym of Striped Gilliflower)...... Scolloped Gilliflower . #3 Scoram er ee ere ern BOT Scott (synonym of; Baker) 9-2) 5555.5. 4-2 eee 55 Scott (synonym of Primate) 452-22 ee: 4252 eee ScoTT BEST: < osc Soe) Fe eee i ek eee Bee to ee eee Séott's Red Winter... 386 3256s. ta be ee eee 302 Seoths Winter fet eis Os os a a ee eee SCRIBNER |... Us on Sendo leks tbe 66k Des te see Seribner'sS pusenverg tains ons eae ee eee 303 Scribner's: S przenvureh wc 2 oss oe eta eee 303 Scudamore’sCrab..cn os Seas Beek Re oe eee 278 Scudamous: Crab vccurk cx a ee eee eee 278 SCCR=N 0-F artner: oseic cee Fok Hake bs Ca Oe eee 273 Seeknofurther = 2.2% Js gaw cele Bos ao oe eee 364 Seek-No-Further (synonym of Rambo)....... J ee 273 Seek=No-Further= . oe 0 oh Foe ae Oe 303 Seck-No-Further of Del., N: J. and; Penn::-22-- eee 273 Seek-No-Further (synonym of Cooper).........2---s2 oe Seek-No-Further (synonym of Green Seek-No-Further). Seever's Red: SireaR: . jc.c250. 41 sae see ean ee eee SON OR OF Re as a BR RG OR EA Eee 238 SENECA) ICAVORITE (57.2 j20 arco S bs beck es ee Soe eee eee Seneca Favorite (synonym of Quince lof Coxe])........ SCMCOU. SPtCO new a hee ESD cores le MOSES OR OE eee SEPTEMBER? (Crab)! 329). he kaos seh oe eee eae ee eee SHACKLERORD “hoc 1 a/2e nt. Ge ecg Se ae See ee 304 Shackleford’s: Best he ee eee ae is ee 304 Shaker’ s: Vellore ss .s228 sess sa ee ee eee SHANNON? (1) oe8 ce se 2 PR rs ee ee eee 305 SHANNON: (LY)! Siwcon es eae Sea ce Re eee oT eee eee 306 Shannon (synonym ot Ohio Pippin)in2.24.+--- =. -- eee Shannon Pippin: 2% sore ie ee oak, oe ee 305 SHARP! 06). 57855 Gs sinuermenn unionie ie a ues ee Ce Sharpe's Fear lyn os cone Ae Cee eee eee Sharpe's Spree ns kok dee te ee ee ee SHEDDAN) :acccn Deeds A patie isto tee one HOt Gos ee ene Sheepnose (Gynonymeor Bullock) ceee..- 2s eee eee 89 Sheepnose (synonym ot Wady-kinger) 42.22.4222 6 eee eee 183 SHECPNOSE Aste 8 OER ee eee 307 Sheepnose: (synonym: or Hee Pop). ee eee eee Sheepnose (synonym of Long Red Pearmain)............ Sheep SMe ls ee SO ee eee 131 SHeODS-N OSE 70. 8. SR, Sly SRR ee ee 89 SHeeprscSnOut ocho eee Re ee 89 SIHERRIERY 2459 oss Ge oc oct sie eels a ome een ais ce eee ee eee 308 SHERMAN) 22 ise cco eaeces olin Sees Be eae ee ee VOL. II. PAGE. 207 107 168 198 a3 149 199 Zao 64 56 125 200 200 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. SOLA SA SONG A SOs ae SE COARSE Wer ALL aD ee LA Ga EAC a SDPOFLOOUES LATO Es POs SOO EEN nO HT or STOCLUOSSE ISCO, Sees BARDEN LS a Go anne eae 3 STRAW AGISIDID, <2 celts cee pemee mnuadS ae e A aee a a 1 SHOCLOSSEO ABS CCD TS ie SiR ech soiin Cuee ae OI te Ww ae Paar STEROLS IBOCUIN 50k Sigs OUR Ot Oe Pons Ie ne Oe VID CHU SMBUS an, A ote tin le ile scat 5 toa tene shenecoweicvara ois Bistoloud ells esa dole 2904 SS TELIDRILIBY? oo asic. cls 2S ea nS MCCS eee re en oe arr 308 SEP ODS MPOGIG eee Pee CP Cae CORRE es aR eC CD PR SOC VLD, ALLIST ISS PTE ORS oor Neat Hea eh ROL aged ae DIOGO: CLAD: A Rien aes OT ie Ra en tee UM ited er 1G/ Niocnan Cray (synonym of Red Siberian) 3.......0.-.-:- Siberian Crab (synonym of Yellow Siberian)............. STN OQWASII ONS Se 5 ih Spence retin) ln tyre ann ne ee oat a SSECAINI |, p.6:5.5.0' 6 SIGE RRR SRL aE Ri Cae aL le Fs a ea 309 SIEOIBIO. & 075 eh SED Ne TN eG PESTS een non Nee 9 eR 321 SPCGSEOB’ ISGOSTHOES VES SER A ON ee OA PER OC ED SEIBOSIOR: IRA CSTUGN | SRE BAL coors eR axel Ne ints oP ours Area aa SEIOSIOE SCHMOROD RHA See otc hi ents Bera ne aan ree rer SUCELCFS OY CUDET OEE IAA FAT erg eet) cen ee a ene are SILBRGIEUIC igre ok SOUS eG Aiea Re Ee ae I ae a Oo en 310 SNORE S SECO AVG e CASO HIG OES ae Creer eer 310 Shighir S LGM: ALD DIG HE. cree Picea Aan e e a eeeeee 310 “SILI INGIDIRIL AUNT) 4 Sai: Ge" Geo ee tern RHN a a na ee erg re MY MCU AMONSMRIGUL aP PATE hi acct isls 0) ate on.e.e ind bsbeltusie Go 0 Se SUAZECAOES I EDL EO AE ae Ree eee Ge age Small Admirable . Asie aes CAN aegoait = SL ANGE ke eR Uiee A ae SOCUE SAGA OI ae tate a ee Ir are Pa en rea SHMTUITEL CDI SA ee rae ot Etre 18, 310 NV UHIUITCUG SS DECC atice ae isirectyatcl sisson ahslane Wate < nares deuale ly Gege YUU See eer ete are aoe Moca a ee cla Nevo aslie we bereits, cin a aw umeew te 311 Smokehouse (synonym of Vandevere Pippin)............ RUN IU COM espe ctiesiee sates iin (alc ed ee ey tes a ches enna n sea. c- RRC I OE. SOTTO LIAS En TIA ONE Aa Up nes REMC ler AE ee 197 SOTO I Eo WIE eS AEE RE SAMA CN Ea ae EAE cust a SOU CO PEGP Ras rated tira hy gence ph aes ran gon eer ey Rees 88 SONOQROCARC ICE BREE en AO Ee OS Oa eae SOMMERS TE S(CINGIEG he BIR ae tae nn inter ae aie arcana ee SOMIGZUCKIIC. WOT) IBTMMOMAUSHONM °5006d500056c05000000000 161 S ODS: Ca THT SO Tae Sicie Ae Sree Aen ore ME ecaee SS OE SHOR VEN NAIBNG EE yarn sesh Ay yer evewiee ovat Saloon copier sb Nicnisioeacs. Oeavia, ols ultelerldere Be SOWMAR DE Gta) saci ere tree esac sngincvemera crooner eee_lsiee ae 347 VOL. II. PAGE. 69, 200 33 201 201 201 201 96 203 II2 264 269 202 182 182 231 q 348 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. VOL. II. PAGE. PAGE. Sourbowgh (synonym of Champlain)\>: 22>. ..-.222eeeeee 30 SoOUR:“BOUGH = 215.020.0000. ad does oes ae eee eee 204 Sour Bough (synonym of Champlain)... 242424. eee 30 Sour Bough (synonym ot Mart Bough))2. 4.2.2 45 2 eeeeeee 220 Sour Harvest sous ake See 6 Ee ee 168 Southern Romamte. 50200 oo oe een ee ee 289 Speckled. 2: SA Bkd sols Cia ae eee eee 69 SPECTATOR: $0.20 ot 50d ee OR wn, eS Seen, BS 204 Spiced. OGEVE! sen nn he ee fas ao ee ee ee 231 Spiced Ox Bye: aie. tgeionetee ede ot ee ee 225 SPICE “SWEET © s\.ih2t¢e aids oes 2a kes aang a eee 12 Spitsenbvere.2. ec eneed Gens soak Oe aioe he eee I2I Spitzenberg Newtown, 2... s5.28o: o.oo ee eee 225 SPUZENDUTE ios ook has eo a dake da See eee 314 Spitzenburgh (synonym of Esopus Spitzenburg)......... I21 Spitzenburgh (synonym of Newtown Spitzenburg) ...... 225 Sprtzenburgh Newtown “ocd .. a5 sk ee ee 225 SPRING: RIPPIN 502.5 cso PAse See set eee eee eee 314 SPL PORE. oo houk 0 eos Oe ae bee eee 314 SpringPort Piphin (2 i288 See ae ee 314 SPY Lee aes aise sya Se ete, eee eee ae 229, 315 Staalclubs (synonym of Newtown Spitzenburg) ......... 225 = Staalclubs (synonym of Vandevere Pippin) .............. 231 Staalew0s 7h Sie nk: eee oss ee ee ee ee 230 StaLCUUS Fo SSCS oie a eee ee ah oe Oe 230 STAN ARD fo aie deere erie cha rece SU noe en ect ye AS oe 315 Sianard’s Seedling) cdccceose cass bie a ee Bis Stannard” (Soe. eos cet hs Saas an Le ee 315 Stannard’s: Seedling 055. Wie ae 2 eee oe eee 315 STARK Se rejeGiaustess Seca tate wanes Miser ee vee aCe ee 316 STARKEY, «6 Soave deo wees Acree ool win an eee = 205 ‘Starke Apple: in. Sess cue cde eee ete tee ee eee 316 STAR LADY “APPLE 2250S ig bee oa tte oie Sen ore ae 182 SWARR 5 sd Senbalcae ade Sie Sa aie eeceeee: he Seat es eee ae 206 SEGWMON. owls Se cska le Sess | aa e ose eoieiehoe cists os oe 318 Stayman S: Weanesaps 2% 2teck ee Bote fone eee 318 STAVIMAN™ WINESAP® ¥ Soho Coons suas hear oe ae aa 318 Steele's ‘Red ii. cava se yore ee Oe eee 324 Steele’s Red Winter (synonym of Baldwin).............. 56 Steele’s Red Winter (synonym of Red Canada)........... 276 Sigeless: Red Winter (Gynonymeot Sutton) 2255-442 ee eee 324 Steels ROG sic Rik. sc be ee ee eee 276 SHOW OSS BER OLS Sa AP Aad i ee eae 158 Stekhanka, BOgdanol wos oe ee ee 81 Srerwanka pesotchnaya =54 5-050 see ee eee 195 STERLING

2.4.4.5 550n> aeeeEee 323 SINMICIES or severe aioe ones 2 srdDivs jal Soyc/eleeeeds See SUVAMUIS 9 lh: «.s crdew send tedehe Suc biota yeast eet nciee s ceap io eval © 0) sed ee SUPROLK BEAUIWie eee nee En A Re Bee teen 5 oeclnietheg eee Sugar Barbel ....: ae OORT al Fe Birt oe wee 61 SUSIE PCr eee eee silk wiluwate ae saiee Bde he eee eee Summer: Bellleheure. s,s oe ee ones ae SUMMER BELEFLOWER: «i. us os 2? oo oe eee eee a eee Summer Bellower (synonym of Autumn Bough)........ Sanmer2tl dgloea xa. eee ee ee S SSech cay ea Setar SU IUINCH OU To Say hehe ste keueiadovsi on ueae aeosne Cae oe aR: J: wha cose ae 227 SUMMER PEARMAIN ...... Nae ar eee totes ee 2 eel itpsinnsl se Sect aea 15 SUMMER: PIPPIN: 2os.1:5,,00i8 272 er eee sae Se ee II Summer Pippin (synonym of Champlain).........:...... Summer Pippin (synonym of Fall Pippin) .........:..:. Summer Pippin (synonym of Holland Pippin)............ SUMMER QUEEN? cos... ics os see antes ee 16 SUMMER RAMBO) jist). stins Siadelore Scie s eSta ey ie) ee Summer Rambo (synonym: of Grosh)...:2....-ses2eeeeee Summer ROMDOUP o0nbsc oda nde ose ne Waser e SUMMER “REDSTREAK oy ch.) .se aes ssocdnae oo tenes Ube ee ee SUMMER: ROSE! 212.2 hecn oo eye tene GR a eee 15 SUMMECH RUSSEL Go iciinn naa nin ee SUMMER -OPITZENBURG! Gak.ciisecrncacionstac conkers Geen eee < Summer S przendurgh, o.e.% ics cee ens ken eee SUMMER |S WEET® ses ssicdancraPosancnevdign ere ee a at Summer Sweet (synonym of Hightop Sweet)............. “Summer Sweeting (synonym of Summer Sweet)......... Summer Sweeting (synonym of Hightop Sweet).......... Summer. T 1 avelet x. ceee Ace sanexesc se pee Ee Superior White Ai wee Se Maw eo ee Sussex Scarlet Pearman = 25 2a Lee eee 379 Susy. - Clank. Scat Ge is Wears tren A SU TRON 3. Sie i Bite eaeie oe aoe aan Le eT 22.324 Sutton Beauty (synonym of Dumelow)...........2...-2- II2 Sutton Beauty (synonym of Sutton). 5:-.-.4-- 40-2 eee 324 SUMS ODER i205 ss ORS Snes eh PS ee Oe SIWEAAR: Sr sie a ea oes ON ng et eee 15, 160, 17,, tesco Swaar Apple... avo sce ackee Se ee ee 326 Swaysie Pomme-Gns: \ ss sin2s os Seon sae de 3 oe SUA 21, catia aearal aise eae oe Ss SR ee 328 Swayzve Pomme: Grise2 ssa de esis ee ee 328 SWAZIET set. ACen emer meio Hada Mee esa Ag 521328 Swazie Pomme! Grseé 5225 29 sic RR ee 328 Swazie:s Pomme Gris Si25 ees oe 328 SUDEY bi eptasietin Piual est, Sa won ee eadcalas sie ee Ota een ae ee 328 VOL; At, PAGE. 209 210 210 210 219 211 211 10 g2 211 E21 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE PLE Ne A OMIUIIVES GID Sans ive Cela AcReron aia ore Gra ehk ao halcke) wa oe Rickie arb 328 SIGHS ORSAOT) ~ OL battles. soc sc.s ae sete es aeis ss caeaw es SoU: AIST SOGIRY Se ees Oe cee ce nee re A an ne oe 329 Soest TOUGES - SAGs Sere ee ee ee eae ee en ap Ss 106) SEED TEVAILIE) [PAI S15 (5 eee eee ieee: et Sanee? GOAT JAG ae Ae en Saipato din Ge RDIFINIDN Guede) «foo (eke ecroire eel o a iesaueresatetacare S4.s/eog ie bucie'é eles Visiin, sient Sapeeh. IBIGG DOSING 0 clot oOo oR eae Oe eae a ee SHCGE TMIRE VS SPE ee AO Ce a Or a ea SET [TGS oe ttele 6 tie Cte ones ene een er 2 ere ena 333 SUICG IEMTTOTE SOE Le eee SUA VOM eSB USW. 20. ene s oa ere ts sb OS sea Seca pe eae oI SIGE IP CMLULILE, Ee 55 CO CH ee RE ea 333 Sweet Pippin (synonym of Moore Sweet)............... 219 Sweet Pippin (synonym of Hog Island Sweet)........... SEER TROIDO Be Oo One SACS Ce OEE Pe a Seen, ete ane ICEL MIMO Cal STONE GHECHINE vale a acsim ales fs oie ais 31d oles es 331 SORBET: [ROGSSIDTE TS Bo i Oe re neta care a 333 SUPBET IPUSISIDIE Fp ost ee ee ees, are - =. .---eecete lari Bowen (symomymnot:Champlatt) \ce eye s449- 6424-4. SRI OU GsE leis ts aoe fee eerie ral se oen tek nau ca tucsovactulloneiare @aatore 35 VOL. II. PAGE. I2I 121 218 220 239 128 128 128 352 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. Lesenmowthe ooo 56 aw elieweane Dee eee ee eee VEER os Sas cnn ett eels ae eto eee 206 VennesseeEarly Reds... 202 ttesice ee ne eee Tenon Fills. 620.25 ae ek ae oe eee 67 Terry's Redsireak) 2.625.526: ie 0 cee eee 273 Tete PARSE ogee abe.) cess hohe oe ee eee TVete:de: Chal >: co ook eees 18 be Se a Oe eee L101 SRY. 550. See ee Oe ke oe eee Teiofski (synonym of July)... 2. 2. 2.2 3-22: cee eee fetofski (synonym ..ot Vetotsky) . 2... 2. coe eee TETOFSKY os. ewise eso 2 bles ts dies see oe Soe ee eee ee leiofsky (synonym of July) —....-..:.->-:c ee eee Tewkesbury Blush «20552506. oan. 2e oc see eee 336 Tewkesbury Winter. Blush 32.22.7203 eee 336 Tewksberry Winter Blush 2. 2008 cae ig3to eS e eeee TEWKSBURY | oc. 8 ese hc ki ica. Seek ee ee ee eee 336 Tewksbury Blushu. 5...0305 ol ws ee ee eee 336 Tewksbury Winter Blush)... 202. - 3s eon eee eee 336 Pexvan. Red oicx fads caw Uso ed Ge eee eee 375 WERAS sy 23). Se dowiee oS de Ube oe eee ED ee eee 337 THALER 2.006 0 aoe thes .dcclds dee pa ete sees eee THOMGS © isis SS ocd ee a aes sin eee 208 RHOMPSON 2-50.28 Sse cbs oucives ce eee Thompson: NOs 24. 2) 3. 2558 anteninnjceateeee eee eee eee Thompson's. Seedling .N0. 2455-0. 0005 on eee Thompson's Szedling NG: 202%.5555. 252-04 + sense eee Thompson's: Seedling No. 3862... s00's2 52s S-eeee Timothy: 22.92.9958 cant Saesbecein. ss Oe See 339 Tamothy Witws Sori’ oon San oe Siok eta cee 339 TINMOUTH: 225220 03 be cache Go tiets seer eee pee Tinmouih Sweet. os. ono. 035 o ees Se C2 eee THODCE Ns 5 sow Sew Sone os Scene dase See eee DITOVKA S52. ON ee eee See Soe eee on ee ee TiO Cahaesn eee eee eee ape eid laters . TITUS) SF eas Sai see es ee Oe Ree eee 339 Titus (synonym of Vitus Pippin). 22... 5.23202 ee 330 Vitus Apple 03: Song te Sa eee Titus Pimpin 2 ook So ee eee eee 338 Pius Riga 202.. S0 5 ee BROS oe ee eee EOBEAS: 2S Sioa xk SE a ess ee Ce eee 340 Lotus. Apple... 2515. G8 cee s ea Sese ee se eee 340 "TFORGAS BUAGK 80. ats So See ee ee eee eee 341 LOBIAS PIPPIN) 2 hod... oss ee le Sk ce ae eee ee eee eee 342 Colman So ae ie Ss & Ses SE RE Re eee 343 POL MAN SWEET % 2505 Cn kc On hag e ee Oe eee eee 16, 17, 18, 343 Tolmaws Sweeting 0. 0. 6553 Se ee eee 343 TOMO RLE CL) Satelsisoesiee oJs a3 ESS es eee 345 Tom? Harrymati in o2. 28 =o atees eos an wee Jockey See VOL. II. PAGE. 223 55 29 29 220 112 220 220 112 85 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 353 VOL. I. VOL. II. PAGE. PAGE. LOOT LEO! a5 ARS OO HAS CIS eRe RP oer nee oc lL LP OROPIGHOS Sie caS ES d.5o Oe ER er eee a 49 NON UUSOOUNLY KING. wi 83 sc ages sh ud be css cage oe 345 “TS@URIPIRIINGS TETISICH 6 ieee ee er eas a 17, 18, 19, 345 LORD IPE os £4 CMS 6 GS SOA Ree re te nrg ae ea 225 SCH uU PINE eee Rica cs a Slo ed ove Mae baowane wes 225 LORS IRCOL. 5 65 CEES SO Sea OC ee ee ne ee nee 345 Tom Woodward Pippin ..........: ASSEN AT ei, RUT CHat hal 5 244 Tromseanlorn® (CRUD. Se tO He ee ee 267 “IPRA SCLDTIDIBINNE | (Cite) Ios a gee 266 NOUS RARCIILCM OCR A SENUCON. of, ohare sss chs sed cee ses ene ols 239 1 POBSPOP ONG Ch BUGIS wis Pee U rhe Seen car ee Pe Sete ee 239 LP CUS HOP GLLE CO MU OISCOTU Sen One ence ear ane 239 TL POMS DOPOREG UG. MANSOOR CI SHANG oe NASR o OS oe eS 239 Transparente de Saint-Leger (syn. of Vineuse Rouge)..... 233 Transparente de Saint-Leger (syn. of Yellow Transparent). 248 I ion UPCTEC, CL ATLA AAO io oh ee A ee ee 239 Transparente Jaune (synonym of Vineuse Rouge)....... 233 Transparente Jaune (synonym of Yellow Transparent).... 248 LF OMSPOELLOG. IROOKE” SSSA SOs OOo ae ae Oe eerie one 238 LE PORIS DOCS LEAOTPIB 5 Ona Gis O10 Oe RE Ee ea eee eae 233 LE PORS DONGLE NY SCOTT ON Rn ASO eae Ren ne a 239 LPOEDELS sa 6010.0 HOA OLA OCC ee 184 LCOS AUD PUGS Bao is s\ies Seen Ie Un ene 184 LAEDORS. IE CDN. 2500s Coe A Ee eee 184 Travers Pippin ...... 2 Se cheers ety Oy au Sate ea eee FA ea 184 UG OURS. IRGUBETIOR S55 Dio Oe Cee 184 TPO CRUNCD: Soo heh 6 LO SON RON OE a a ee eee ee 227 LE GPC POL RBMGED,. 05's Shea eScelD Ode OSE EEE ON TEE WES ee LTE tere Oa gr ara 22 VPCREOM LECHIM Cos Seo oa Ck OS ee er eae 81 LOE SPU MOLES BS SOO Ce BC a CHO e See CNG 6 Oe ene eee 1211 JP POPC DROZ OGD 2R. cece NO 0 Os OSU Ee AERC ed a ees 273 SIPS. SCD yore tra otig 5h OG Bed TRO) SI IE eee eee 45 “TUTRIRS 9 19 6 sa iso SUPPRESS BRA ent Oe LO nse 24 226 Lupes JOU s kee soi So ods Bees Oe ee re ee 226 RES NCCONTWO MIEN, oho ions cues ree aene e hanie sale os 226 0G DELDOCRERR. “Ss Nota 5 Goble cle be BO Choe Gan Den Ieee ee 125 TE UD OROCIRGLE BG ORES DO eo ie aE eee ee Mite: Quy IGOR oR OOO Ee ee ee ae ee 174 Sl aENivan OUINGE acer CC RP ona ts cdot = se Ye hale eidtee 6s L7G) 1O3 227, TOBIN? (QUOT CiDe PAPE IS es Nee see 349 Twenty Ounce Pippin (synonym of Twenty Ounce)...... 227 LOIN S TEC OD 3 Majicay tat on aero Moe er ee er ree 247 IMSARIB. IBIBUAUIUSC oie Sus. UCU eR Cy ac tN Ue aera 220 (ilsterr: SCCGH OE 5 TIN oe lea RR a PC Sere Ten ara 172 Onele. SORES IS OSEISAE Be EE OC er or en eee 64 SARGCPUMHE SEG Se EC OE Ee ae eer ee 30 354 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. Utter's Large Red «202252. sek es dade eee Utter's Red. cc pidecs ce aes tee ees ate ee eee V alandingham 20.4 025 o<. 0.02 os. Oe ine ee eee 197 Vandervere (synonym of Newtown Spitzenburg) ......... 225 Vandervere (synonym of Smokehouse) .................. 312 V andervere of New York. <...02...2. 25. 2422 a eee 225 Vandervere (synonym of Vandevere) ..............-.--- Vandervere (synonym of Vandevere Pippin) ... V andersere Pippin = cose. os ho ee ee eee V andeveer os eck sti cess USS ae es ok bee Pe eee VANDEVERE woc.c cso Sou as ves ve ates Bees cme ee eee 18 Vandevere (synonym of Newtown Spitzenburg) ......... 225 Vandevere, English: 2. 0: oe eee Van Wyck: Siberian .22 2 3 3s Sanne oe = eo so ee V an. Wyk. Sweeb -. 6. on anise skies e256 eee V ar eul roe eo I eee eee V OKIE ce OE ooo Ses Rene? es Ree 2 8 ROG V ermillon @ Ete, os ouo6 oo. Sean es ot So 5 ee eee VCVIMNONE aoe Sac OE Oe ee eiceten sts eee Vermont Pippin o.c0i 5 22a ioe so lees eee ee eee Vermont Pumpkin. Sweet 0.22222. 0% a2 502505207 eee Vermont “Sweet .oc0s. e020 sb cee ee eee es ee eee Verte de Vile.de Rhodes. ...24-502.22 3 ae eee 283 Verte de: -Rhode- Island 3225 3. se oe 3522 2 2 eo ee 283 Vi RTS 5 Soon Bd 8 os Ska ne A a eee 186 Victowe; La. . oc.02% 5. 2sescesenn eat eee ee eee 188 ViCTOREA S22 5 SO ee ee eee eee 24 Victoria. Pippin. ios. Osigc as ee ee ee eee 69 Victoria Red 22.022 062 oko as Sis ee ee eee 69 Victoria: Sweet 2 20036 5) sone ae ee Victoria SWeeung - ..2. 28s 2s. honcen 30 oe ekie ie oe Seeee VaGTUALS AND TDRINK 2 ox.35.2.20 cane ce ae eee ee eee Valea: Mogul. 2585 eas ae ob ee ee eee ‘VOL. II. PAGE. 230 230 231 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I PAGE "OT STELS STE TRC USIS oe o'er A eR LOHOSMOCNOMSCHMGE 2 hike kal ees halo a Gb Se tase bes ims ONT LICE Ge oho 6 BOE ETE Coe RE RoE OE are "UCR SIROTA. (GIRTON Gt oo es I 352 DNR NGMP CTY COPE ar 50s, Se accede ond) «dooce Skis shaven ee Virginia Pippin (synonym of Newtown Pippin) .......... 146 Virginia Pippin (synonym of Virginia Greening) ......... 352 PORTIS CUATEGTS 3o Ce” a ely ot ie cae ae eo SCTE ESN IN Gog ETE PE, ee or OE Rn ORES STE 2 02 Wie Se a eee nee ne Re 353 Wabash Bellflower (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) ... Wabash Bellflower (synonym of Wabash) ............... 353 ON 2 BAST EBD ov o'y d EES ole iatee Ue tae ea aa 353 WMeHESUMPNCCU DAIL, ate on esis oon owe ce kee Rass aw 353 PREMIERE ie seine a Fel 2 as nce Ss a ee oe deds t 2T; BA, BSA MTR IICHIC ik ON Beas nie AS ee dldiees Chee e eS 04 TLD lS 6 Ce Oe ERE RE Ce OnE On RES) ga ees ne 227 Oo) LIPRTDEE “So Ce 6 5. ete ey aCe ne 356 Re ea ae. ec es aie ce SaaS a se es wwe wera 358 PMMA PEDMES POSEN Vee eo sue ev oe esd in RS a ee RE AS a's 358 oy Leet SVE TOLLE si ie os RATES Corns a 358 TEE TP GUIDE Ee ae ee re eS Se nn i 358 I ire nae fe ae ais Sie kleine Che ow sd obs 227 ESTs. [ECG AYES eis 2 ele ate 359 I) EEMPPG Eee) 2 RR co ie ee ee a are oe a fy 4 Vn) Bare 1? CSE ed eS eee ee eee On ea CUTE ES APG SNe Se We SAT ear Oe ere gee 253 ISLE LT Ged a een eG Ci DEL? so Bs Die 0 GIT EE esa ee ee Re ec 227, PENIS IESICOME SE Vani en We a dei Pe Sale mine Sse ds Me waletaile's aieicte Soe 360 Nee IMGOR CRA DPE ey wp cesioc) seat d Wao oheickers Go pee ee is ed ee MPM PME MEL UD ST VeaR es a ne Py ASE A RT wis yA iere ld 6 as Fava oo ES a es Te poy sdpe, LE OTTIG S| a Beem. eee to ae Gy pee ear Waasren Pippin (synonym of Ortley). 2.2... os .2.c 5 si ees 244 Warren Pippin (synonym of Yellow Bellflower) ......... 381 Washington (synonym of Sops of Wine) ................ Washington (synonym of Washington Strawberry) ...... Washington (synonym of Sweet Baugh) ................ Masimton COUunty SCCAURS occ. sec se wie eee we ee veces MOS EAEEIOTE Giz WEST eos oe tee at ee ee MIPASERUNGEONGUROVAE 25.2. 02200). soe ec ce ache FS phere 361 RRP USEMUNGTOING SRRAWIBERRY. 5 4), Si6i.. s.c:skeleiig e.via ede icicle belaceyn edie « “CP LTIER “oo ee colbelae ear One ea eee CREA GCE A OES b 6G BOC ET a ea ee MA" CROATUUG Ts A Gk ORES oT Rr Ee aE 204 i CHELOS LEGA co Cage CSS Pane CUE es Ree nner agree OES MY CEG ESL OUD UAE ET Ore ee ee AO TIROLNS LE OCU LAE SOR OO OE 355 PAGE. 177 247 1s 161 356 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. WoatisoA pple. o.55.. Shs sks ews eee 253 WADWOOI. es 2 is Se cena nen oka ee es Ea eee 362 VV GLOW. ous Sas we SOOT nee 67 Waren Apple. codec oad ne end oe eee eee eee 67 WEALTHY 230.4 =3.03 a ewcbe cis chee eee eee 17; “FOia 25 WEALTHY Group. 4: 2. ose 2 Ji8tss.. tt. hee 25 Wemapbfel. Rother 5 o.c5.es0n5 6 en te eee Wemnappel Rother. 25. o< «sh ncn stesso eee Weiser Hawithornden~ 5.2... Die s8 Jono eee eee Weisser Meizgerapfel - 223055 nica coud ee 381 Weil Apple (synonym of Domine) -. 2... :6 24563524 oe eee 109 Well Apple (synonym of Titus’ Pippin): -222-22-2 eee 339 Wreellinsion Qisctoe ee ee 112 IV ellingion’s Reinetté: 2. ..0s6 o.ssx-- oe ow oe 112 Winns << se Se he eS see oe cere ee ee Ss 363 Veils (synonym of Domine). .:2.....<.....-2555525eeeee 109 Wells: (synonym ot Ohio Nonpareil) 2. 2.225522 eee eee Wellss Apple coos iuocd Snittena Coe eee 363 Wesse Antillische Winterremetie ..2. 2222s eee 94 VW CSU O ORE: 255 co wo naisic oso wisi ns Opie Doe eee W esichesier’ Seek-No-FPurther |. 2.3... 5. s22250e eee 130 Western Baldwin (synonym of Babbitt) ......-......... 53 Western Baldwin-(synonym of Pawpaw) ................ 250 WESTERN. BEAUTY. .: sis). 5 se odoe en 3 cee eee ee Western Beauty (synonym of Hyde King) ............-. 166 Western Beauty (synonym of Grosh) ....2..-. 2-2 222--59% Western Beauty (synonym of Ohio Nonpareil) .........- WW estitell. 25. x eases boosts See ao Lee eee 364 Westfield. Seek=No-Parilier .. 25.6. 25-22 see eee 364 WESTFIELD Seek-No-Further. ..:............- 12, 16, 17,.18, 32; 364 Westrizip Scek-No-Further; Red type :.....--=----2e eee 366 Wheelers Kernel. 2.5 c...5+ 05 csnsnnt oneness 2 =e eee IER e ors Sees Se Se eee ee ee ene Bee: Lk “OF White Apple (synonym of. Hawthornden) ..-.............. White Apple (synonym. of Parry White) = -.:.:...:....--- A hite: ASiVacan o.320s4.5~ 8.82 Se es Se Se eee WHiIte, YASTRACHAN .. 2. 530) 2 Pe es, See 25 White Belleleur. 222% con435 es Ss i ee eee 244 2 Whiie Bellflower. .2..05 05 S56 = 25s Ss Saar e 244 White BorodovkRa. «0. s.cccec 5 saahn ase sees Oe oR eee UW hite COW. ses c6)s wide SoS s Sowa eee ee 197 White Detroit s.55 oss Sa ee ee ook se eee 244 White. Grafi-of Wascoasin. 2325 5.< 62.5255 5 ee eee Winie tlawihorndean! 222... 6%6ee=%- eee as 5 55 - White: Hawihornden: 26200... Seder ssas ee oe eee White June ...:~ =. ES eri Se Ss See Ses oe ee Wairre .JUNEATING © 5.<« 50555 -Ske sons eee ee eee White: Newel < o05 25 os oe nis Se se tee eS ee eee VOL. IL PAGE. 148 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I PAGE CM) TSLTTND, [PYBATRIVO/NIGS] Ear ce hes ene ee ee ee i an 307 vs TUTE. JPMUTBABIIN | at Es GANS ei Ce Ss Se ae nC 24, 368 White Pippin (synonym of Canada Reinette) ............ 94 Vaiitoeeap pin (synonym or Orvley,)) 23: i... 4465s e enh oes 244 MTB IROWHIS OUR SS abso SOLES OT Cant ae, ee ee 380 Dy PEGE SE RIC NOSE IR TELDRs: (0.002 -c10. wevojerele cou Getueyes slew dele we doees 15 White Seek-No-Further (synonym of Green Seek-No- FlEsigb ie ig MPMI Reset neato cca er Gs es me coo. Sas aids bahgReeL ave NNER PAN TSE IMEUNEDT ES 5.660 sxe Gcloi Sls wis a be elba ev us eepelee eas AEE SPOUCC ~ oxBiers Saas 8 5 Bic) Gt DA RO Ree ee ATMA Er PP COVGHQUIT:. codes) Jie a oelsiee 6 a oh sn weyers om 307 AY ihe: ZAOIAL © 5 ie Mp eA re a Da eer 387 VA Sarmripsy (Gra) iia dae Gree ee acne eee ann ane re AV Ihety9%) IN Os. ZS) 3 OS GSO OHA OOH SCLC AIDS CC RoT eee cD tae Pan WY ONCOSES YU AREOP ee BOSS aoe) ORE et Aen ee 302 VUNG AL DPDUB.s SRE OSS Oe Ces et Op RE COL eT ee eee eee 384 WY TILILILA DIES, 6 6c o-oo ota See RG DA OO Ce ee ee ne WP ANICHEDS TETIAR) aS AAG na Oona sess et Cees Seer eee CAS: LE CARP ARG) Se oy ogee oe Ae ae ORE ee WV MODS TEGO GO SA SEE ORC OSE ee ee AY OCIS” I OCRDOL UAE ARs | aOR ce er re ee VON SOLD Soto. 5 5-8 DRAB cos SUSIE NO ee ee ee 109 VIZ GSIRED. oo. ol 20 \INTILILIS SWISS Salento 8 cap A cas eS ee ema ee WANS S GOGH RRs So 5 AO Been See CE ee eee ree STILOW 5 oo 5 6d0S5 Cb SAID ORE Ree ee 18, 370 LY hlowy LECH? L568 CO RG Oe Oa Te oe ae 370 WV iG IGG IER DU Pose OR BO CO CC TOE AOE ee ee 244 PAA OUR OMI RT hl ee Ee aah se Wiser ai'y shes 8a aig Wer teers dors 370 “ih: ULL STOR] 5 0 61 SG SO Ger GRACE eae ara ERP eter er 372 i LSOAS IHC ISS IS en Oe eee UV WAI OLIGP. seis BOO POCO Oe SAL Onn tne eater WN MUENISOR Gels cis cc co + ee Mah ees eo acer etree eh cite b eS eg h2e te et cet haa 372 VE MVOSO Tk GLU C Tick Sora cae ECR cone he Sue ae, G8, Slee Tw acelin ateeoe sees 372 "MO TURSILE, ‘oo. 610 Gs OUR Ree Pers Bes Dn Ne i el RI ae Rae a a Ly, 373 “vine (Smatomran Os? Omewnen 5 scogcobs doousoeeoe so oocoo 4 172 Wine (synonym of Newtown Spitzenburg) .............. 225 iim SyMOnyiniOfeDeelOp))) tac aoe tiie. aierlele 1) eno 5) he Viica sv motiyimeoreHalli Wane) a4. 42... same eyos rae aii sy nonymeobe Richard: Grant) eo. cect oe ae) Winemtsymony im Or dl-wenty Ounce) ~.yoe = 4a ee eer a AUSDIO Oe cee RTE SEIS BORN ON nee OS On EE nn ery er 373 TAI CMON © Olea eee etd. oa ecatl te AON teas, Gg escent s WUT LESTUTEISSRSS aI OO ee rm i eI Pe tito eat en Ae Oe Rt WYO TBS AND i dT a ane aM Ge Le eet mene 17; 24, 374 WSN SANPE (GROUP: 8, 0. cng ac capone coohe sels ols ea A ae | Wanesa pa (symony maOr sy Omatlian))s seis. essere el «cpt ehe 172 WWomesaiy. (ypdohanin ii IRORERE))) G5 246 5c0bcccuc eso ba DO OU ae 292 SO, VOL. II. PAGE. 181 231 56 64 186 227 64 244 358 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. Vole PAGE. WanexSOp ic dic Roe ok ER Re ee ES eee 375 Wave: SWUCEE she haicles a wheal ee Ree Obl eae ee ee 380 WINTER! BANANA: jj 5 Salbae gg else Bacaie Siete an Cn eee Winter: Belle BOWUNe foes. acc es ke eee 67 Winter, Blush (synonym ot Fallaywater))... 2.2022 eee 125 Winter Blush (synonym of Rock Pippin of Eastern New YOrk) ic cee Pan ayn Me Sees ake eee 288 Winter Chandlétncs i cuie dew eck Se ee ohh ee eee Winter Genneting . oi5 aioe osha lake a a ee eal Winter Golden SWeet 323.552 Soke <0 oe ee ee WINTER Hoc ISUAND: SWEET) ili. seen 0 chai ee 378 Wanter: HOrse stists sae se Daas eee See ee Winter Jannetting . . iiss ts eet ua os 5 oe ee eee 27% Winter King’ iiiiioud seawe ok Ghee bebe) be ae eee 345 Winter N ONSUCIE ox coos aan. ce oe we We hao oe ee ee Winter Pedeh nce accuses eee ee oe Oe ee 251 WiDN DERE AR NDA Ng eee «ala whdsalateedele Sree eam AS Winter Pearmain Cuan of Me Mies) 3.23 oe eee 197 Winter Pearmam (synonym of Milam) ..........2..5. 22.3268 Winter Pearmain (synonym of Long iste ee aon) A: Winter Pearmain (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) Winter Pap pincers ewe Wek bao ee ek OL EOE 197 Wanter Pippin of Geneva 2.0305 oe ee ee eee 136 Water Queew cee ss ie yalo cad eke, Eee 8&8 Winter Queenie aS ONS Oe W/1nter AR OSG! Shc ks RR a ee 227; Winter Russet (synonym of English Russet) 3... s55-eeee 118 Winter Russet (synonym of Fey Russet) . eee 215\7/ WINTER STS SAWRENGE 3. Ako Se ek eee 379 Winter Seek-No-Further sult its en Winter SWeet Paradise ) yy: Ue (| «( K€ a « TRAC Uf ( ( lA (« ( GAG Ce CG OM th Me Y ye) ),' )) yy) , i" MUO UCM COO UOMO. G MIRC AC "A has i yh Ry hth ith AK A hhh | MC Ry hthyth gh Phyhyi hl AN \\ Vy \\ yyy v7 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WAN ANAU ATURE QE SUH AAU 1] | | | | it nit | 1 iHH | nT i | ay it! : f a = . 00009297571 ye Oe he