From the collection of the
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San Francisco, California 2006
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STATE OF NEW YORK — DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
THE
APPLES OF NEW YORK
VOLUME II
BY
S. A. BEACH
Horticulturist ASSISTED BY
N. O. BOOTH
Assistant Horticulturist AND
O. M. TAYLOR
Foreman In Horticulture
Report of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station for the Year J903
II
ALBANY
J. B. LYON COMPANY, PRINTERS 1905
INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS.
HALF-TONE PLATES.
FACING PAGE.
Admirable 2
Arctic 8
Blenheim 22
Cabashea 28
Cox Orange 42
Cranberry Pippin 44
Early Harvest 50
Early Joe 52
Early Ripe 54
Fall Orange 60
Gladstone 76
Golden Sweet 82
Haas . . v 90
Hawley 94
Hoadley 100
Hook 102
Jefferis 108
Jersey Sweet no
Judson 1 12
Landsberg 1 18
Late Strawberry 120
Longfield 122
Lowell 128
McMahon 136
Magog 138
Ohio Pippin 148
Parry White 156
Patten 158
Pomona 164
Porter 166
Pumpkin Russet 170
Sharp 198
Sops of Wine 202
Sour Bough 204
Tetofsky 220
Workaroe 246
Montreal Beauty (Crab) . 262
COLOR PLATES.
Alexander 4
Benoni 16
Bismarck 20
iii
iv INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS.
COLOR PLATES — Continued.
FACING PAGE.
Champlain 30
Chenango 34
Collamer 36
Constantine 40
Cranberry Pippin ; . . . . 44
Detroit Red 46
Dudley . . ' 48
Early Harvest 50
Early Strawberry 56
Fall Pippin 62
Fameuse 66
Fanny 68
Fishkill 70
Gravenstein 84
Keswick 1 16
Lee Sweet (section) 136
Lee Sweet (whole fruit), see Volume 1 230
Mclntosh ' 132
McLellan ( Section) • 136
McLellan (whole fruit).- 134
Maiden Blush 140
Mother 144
Munson 146
Oldenburg 150
Pease 160
Primate 168
Pumpkin Sweet 172
Red Astrachan 178
Red June • 180
Ribston $84
Shiawassee 200
Stump 208
Sweet Bough 216
Twenty Ounce 228
Victoria 232
Wealthy . 236
Williams 242
Wolf River 244
Yellow Transparent 248
Excelsior ( Crab) 254
Hyslop (Crab) 256
Large Red Siberian (Crab) 258
Martha (Crab) 260
Red Siberian (Crab) 264
Transcendent (Crab) ,,.,,..,..,,.,....,,...,, ,.,..,,,. 266
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
ADIRONDACK.
REFERENCE, i. Taylor, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1893:285. SYNONYMS. None.
This variety is said to have originated in Clinton county. We have re- ceived no reports of its being grown outside of the locality of its origin. Taylor gives the following description of it. (i). "Roundish, conical; regular, of medium size, with smooth surface, becoming glossy when rubbed ; color rich yellow, washed and striped with red; dots small, straw color, slightly elevated; cavity large, round, deep, flaring; stem of medium length and thickness, slightly knobbed ; basin small, nearly round, very shallow, with convex sides, slightly and regularly ribbed and downy ; calyx segments rather small, meeting; eye small, closed. Skin thin, tough; core large, broad, heart-shaped, moderately open, clasping; seeds numerous, oval, plump, grayish brown; flesh yellowish white, granular, rather dry, tender; flavor mild subacid; quality good. Season, October to January in Clinton county, New York. Tree a good grower ; resembles Baldwin in its bearing habit ; hardy at its place of origin. This variety is said to have originated from seed of Westfield (Seek-No-Further) crossed with Hubbardston. It is a promising early winter apple for Northern New York and New England."
ADMIRABLE.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1869 1354. 2. Leroy, 1873 :8i3. fig. 3. Hogg, 1884:214. 4. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 8:339, 348. 1889. 5. Beach, Ib., n =589, 595, 1892. 6. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:110. 1904.
SYNONYMS. ADMIRABLE (6). SMALL'S ADMIRABLE (i, 2, 3, 4, 5). Small Admirable (6).
Fruit green or yellow, not particularly attractive. At its best it is very good for dessert use, but as grown at this Station it usually ranks but fair to good in quality and the fruit is very apt to show imperfect spots in the flesh which are evidently due to some physiological defect. In England it is regarded as an ex- cellent kitchen and dessert apple and the tree is said to be an immense bearer and well adapted for dwarf culture (3). So far as tested at this Station the tree has been an annual cropper and very productive, often yielding full crops. A portion of the fruit may
2 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
sometimes be kept through the winter, but ordinarily the season for this variety is November and December (6). Not recom- mended for cultivation in New York.
Historical. This variety originated in England (2, 3).
TREE.
Tree dwarfish with short, stout, slow-growing branches. Form rather flat, spreading and somewhat drooping. Tivigs short, somewhat curved, stout to rather slender ; internodes short to above medium. Bark dark brown tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenti- cels numerous, small to medium, oval, slightly raised. Buds deeply set in bark, medium to small, broad, plump, obtuse to somewhat acute, appressed or free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit quite uniform in size and shape for any particular crop but varies under different conditions from below medium to above. Form oblate conic to roundish conic, pretty regular but sometimes indistinctly ribbed. Stem medium to long, slender, pubescent. Cavity acute, moderately deep to deep, broad, smooth or thinly russeted. Calyx closed or open; lobes reflexed. Basin moderately shallow, rather narrow, sometimes abrupt, somewhat fur- rowed and wrinkled.
Skin varies from pale green to attractive lemon-yellow, sometimes with brownish blush. Dots numerous, small, light or russet.
Calyx tube rather narrow, elongated funnel-form. Stamens median.
Core rather large, somewhat abaxile; cells open; core lines clasping. Carpels long, obovate. Seeds rather large, long, plump, pointed, medium brown.
Flesh whitish, firm, moderately coarse, crisp, quite juicy, mild subacid, very aromatic, good to very good in quality in well grown fruit.
Season October to January.
ALBION.
Fruit intermediate in type between Fall Pippin and Lowell. In color it resembles Fall Pippin but in form it is more like Lowell. Season October to late fall or early winter. We have been unable to learn the origin of this variety. It is but little cultivated in this State.
FRUIT.
Fruit large to very large. Form roundish oblong, irregular. Stem short to medium, slender. Cavity acuminate, deep, medium to wide, russeted. Calyx small to medium, tightly closed; lobes short, narrow, acute. Basin shallow, medium to narrow in width, obtuse, furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin smooth, waxy, pale yellow mingled with green. Dots green or russet or submerged and whitish.
Calyx tube narrow, cone-shape to funnel-form. Stamens marginal.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 3
Core large, abaxile ; cells open or partly closed ; core lines clasping. Car- pels elongated, ovate, pointed, mucronate. Seeds few, medium to large, rather narrow, long, acute.
Flesh moderately coarse, very tender, juicy, mild subacid, good.
ALEXANDER.
REFERENCES, i. Forsyth, 1824:131. 2. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831: No. 10. 3. Kenrick, 1832:65. 4. Floy-Lindley, 1833:11. 5. Mag. Hort.,, i'395- 1835. 6. Downing, 1845:79. fig. 7. Thomas, 1849:146. 8. Cole, 1849:118. 9. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:32. 1851. 10. Barry, 1851:282. ii. Elliott, 1854:120. 12. Gregg, 1857:41. 13. Hooper, 1857:11. 14. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 15. Warder, 1867:510. 16. Fitz, 1872:152. 17. Leroy, 1873:333. fig. 18. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:538. 19. Downing, 1881:11 index, app. 20. Hogg, 1884:72. 21. Roach, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:27. 22. Wickson, 1889:244. 23. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890 :288. 24. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :234. 25. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53 :278. 1894. 26. Gaudier, 1894: No. 14. col. pi. 27. Dempsey, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 1:24. 1804. 28. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45:312. 1896. 29. Stinson, Ark. Sta. Bui., 43:102. 1896. 30. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bui, 61:29. 1897. 31. Can. Hort., 20:283. 1897. 32. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 5:5. 1898. figs. 33. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:354. 34. Craig, Cyclo- pedia of Amer. Hort., 3:1404. 1901. 35. Hansen, 5\ D. Sta. Bui., 76:22. 1902. 36. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1902 :83, 85, 86. 37. Budd-Hansen, 1903:36. fig. 38. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui., 48:36. 1903. 39. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:111. 1904. 40. Scriber, Can. Hort., 28:248. 1905.
SYNONYMS. Albertin (17, 26). ALEXANDER (i, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 1 6, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40). Alexander (34, 26). Alexander the First (31). Alexandre (17, 26). Aporta (3, 4, 6, 9, 13, 17, 20, 26, 31). Aporta Nalivia (26). Aubertin (17, 26). Beauty of Queen (17, 26). Belle d 'Orleans (17, 26). Comte Woronsoff (17, 26). Corail (17, 26). English King (19, 26). Empereur Alexandre I (17, 26). Empereur Alexandre de Russie (17, 26). Empereur de Russie (17,26). EMPEROR ALEXANDER (3, 4, 20, 33). Emperor Alexander (2, 6, 9, 10, n, 13, 26, 32). Fin d'Automne (17, 26). Grand Alexander (26). GRAND- ALEX ANDRE (17). Grand Alexandre (26). Gros- Alexandre (17, 26). Jolly Gentleman (26). KAISER ALEXANDER (26). Korallen Apfel (26). Phoenix (26). Phdnix (17, 26). Pomona Britannica (17, 26). President Napoleon (17, 26). Russian Emperor (2, 6, 9, 13, 20, 26). Stoke Tulip (26). Wolf River incorrectly (39). Wundcrapfel (26).
Alexander is a typical representative of the class of Russian apples commonly known as the Aport group. Fruit very large, attractive red or striped, coarse in texture, medium to good in quality, suitable for culinary rather than for dessert use. The fruit is apt to crack and decay about the stem and calyx and often becomes discolored where it is chafed by constantly rubbing
4 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
against some twig or branch; there is also a considerable loss from premature dropping of the fruit. Notwithstanding these faults many fruit growers now regard Alexander favorably as a com- mercial variety as in some markets there is a strong demand for the fruit at good prices. It is being used to some extent for ex- port trade (40). Its season begins in September and extends through October or into November. It may be held in cold storage till November. It goes down quickly and as it does not stand heat well before going into storage it should be shipped the day it is picked and under ice (39). As it ripens continuously during a period of from four to six weeks it should have more than one picking. The tree is hardy, vigorous and moderately productive. In some localities it is subject to blight. It can be recommended for planting in commercial orchards to a limited extent. In the West it is now largely supplanted by its Wisconsin seedling Wolf River (34, 36).
Historical. Introduced into England from Russia in 1817 (20). The exact date of the introduction of this variety into America is not known. The Massachusetts Horticultural Society made several importations of European varieties which were distributed among the members of the society. Mr. Manning exhibited what was supposed to be Alexander before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society at its meeting on September 18, 1830. Whether this was Alexander or not, the shipment of varieties of which Alexander was one had evidently been made prior to that date.1
It has been widely disseminated and is now pretty well known in the apple growing districts from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Thus far it has not been grown to any considerable extent in New York state but at the present time its cultivation is on the increase.
TREE.
Tree large to medium, vigorous to moderately vigorous with long, stout branches. Form upright spreading to roundish, open and somewhat inclined to droop after bearing heavy crops. Tzvigs short, curved, stout with large terminal buds ; internodes medium. Bark brown mingled with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lcniicels scattering, medium in size, oval, raised. Buds medium in size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit large, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish conic to slightly oblate conic, regular or approaching broadly angular, symmetrical. Stem medium to rather short, moderately thick. Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, broad, symmetrical, occasionally lipped, russeted, often with broad, con-
1JV. E. Farmer, Sept. 24, 1830:78.
ALEXANDER (Reduced Size)
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 5
spicuous, outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to large, usually open; lobes medium to short, rather narrow, acute. Basin rather small, deep, narrow to nearly medium in width, abrupt, nearly smooth, symmetrical.
Skin moderately thick, tough, smooth, glossy, somewhat waxy, greenish or pale yellow deepening to orange-yellow in the sun, often entirely over- spread with lively red or handsomely striped and splashed with bright car- mine. Dots inconspicuous, small, scattering. Prevailing effect red or striped.
Calyx tube variable, long to short, wide to medium, conical to funnel- shape. Stamens median to basal.
Core small, usually axile; cells often not uniformly developed, closed or very slightly open; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels elliptical to slightly ovate, emarginate. Seeds medium in size, wide, short, rather plump, obtuse to acute.
Flesh nearly white with faint yellow tinge, firm, coarse, moderately crisp, tender, juicy, mild subacid, fair to good.
Season September and October or early November.
AMSTERDAM.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1876 143 app. 2. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui., 56:26. 1905.
SYNONYMS. AMSTERDAM (2). AMSTERDAM SWEET (i). Amsterdam Sweet (2). Hightop Sweet incorrectly (i).
Downing describes this fruit as medium in size, pale greenish-yellow, striped and splashed with light and dark bright red; flesh white, half fine, tender, juicy, rather rich, sweet, slightly aromatic; season October and November. Origin Amsterdam, N. Y., on the farm of Joseph Britten (i). We find no account of Amsterdam except the one above mentioned, and have not seen the variety.
ANISIM.
REFERENCES, i. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:71. 2. Hos- kins, Rural N. Y., 52 :2Q9. 1893. figs- 3- Greene, Minn. Sta. Bui, 32 :24O. 1893. 4. Budd, la. Sta. Bui., 31 :334. 1895. 5. Thomas, 1897 -.626. 6. Budd, la. Sta. Bui., 41:66, 69, 71. 1899. 7- Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:15. 8. Mun- son, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1902 :83, 86, 95. 9. Hansen, 5\ D. Sta. Bui., 76 :23. 1902. fig. 10. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :38. fig.
SYNONYMS. ANISIM (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). Anisim of Peterson (9). Borsdorfcr of Wragg (9). 18 M (3, 8, of Budd 9). 14 M of Budd (9). Good Peasant of Patten (9). Jonathan of the North (4). Swedish Borsdorf of Patten (9). Zusoff of Tuttle (9).
Hansen (9) reports that this Russian apple is proving very valuable in Minnesota and other parts of the Northwest. It may be of some value in those portions of New York state where superior hardiness is a prime requisite. Hansen's description is given below. " Tree a strong grower in the nursery and orchard and a prodigious bearer ; young trees upright, spreading with age; limbs long, slender with a very strong shoulder; leaves
6 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
narrow, pointed, dark green. The beautiful color of the fruit attracts favor- able attention — Fruit below medium, roundish conical, slightly angular ; surface greenish-yellow, covered almost wholly with a beautiful dark crim- son, with heavy blue bloom ; dots white, minute ; cavity regular, acute, usually slightly russeted; stem medium; basin narrow, very shallow, corru- gated, sometimes flat; calyx closed. Core closed, clasping; tube short, broad; stamens median, flesh greenish white, with green veins, good. Early winter."
ANTONOVKA.
REFERENCES, i. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 8:28, 70, 130. 1881-82. fig. 2. Budd, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1882 76. 3. Gibb, Ib., 1883 :432- 4- Budd, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1883:71. 5. Ib., la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1883:22. 6. Ib., 1885:8. 7. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1886:272. fig. 8. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:72. 9. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui., 1890:24. 10. Can. Hort., 13 '-175, 216. 1890. ii. Budd, la. Sta. Bui, 19:537. 1892. 12. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:57, 58. 13. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:234. 14. Can. Hort., 16 :359. 1893. 15. /fr., 17 1289, 290, 291. 1894. 16. Troop, hid. Sta. Bui., 53:124. 1894. I7- Nat. Nurseryman, 3:32. 1895. 18. Stinson, Ark. Sta. Bui, 43:104. 1896. 19. Hamilton, Can. Hort., 20:412. 1897. 20. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:11. 21. Thomas, 1897:286, 626. fig. 22. Budd, la. Sta. Bui, 41 :66, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74. 1899. 23. Troop, Ind. Sta. Rpt., 1899 79. 24. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1899:78. 25. Hansen, 5\ D. Sta. Bui, 76:25. 1902. fig. 26. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui., 205:43. 1903. 27. Budd-Hansen, 1903:38. fig.
SYNONYMS. ANTENOVKA (23). ANTONOVKA (T, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27). ANTONOWKA (15, 17). Antony (3, 14). Bcrgamot, 424 (25). Cinnamon (24). German Calville (24). German Calville, 324 (spurious) (25). No. 224 (25). No. 236 (i, 2, 4. 5, 6, 9, 25). Possarts Nalivia (2, 4, 5). Russian Gravenstein, 105 (25). 26 M (i, 2, 4, 5, 9, 25). Vargul, 277 (25).
A Russian fruit of no practical value for this state. Hansen (25) de- scribes it as " large, roundish, irregular, obscurely angular ; surface yellow ; dots minute, raised, white, suffused; cavity deep, regular, with radiating, often large patch of russet, stem medium ; basin abrupt, corrugated or wavy ; calyx closed. Core closed; cells ovate, slit; tube funnel-shaped; stamens median; seeds ten to sixteen, small, pointed, plump, a few imperfect; flesh yellow, juicy, sprightly spicy subacid, good. October."
APORT.
REFERENCE, i. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 8:32. 1881-82. SYNONYMS. None.
This name is applied to a pretty well defined group of Russian apples. Alexander is the typical variety of this group.
The name Aport has also been applied to a particular Russian variety which resembles Alexander closely.l
1 Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui., 76:26. 1902.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 7
APORT ORIENT.
REFERENCES, i. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 8:73. 1881-82. 2. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1882 78. 3. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1883 130. 4. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 9 :82. 1883. fig. 5. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1885 :Q. 6. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 12:72. 1886-87. 7- Budd, la. Agr. Coll Bui, 1890:24. 8. Ib., la. Sta> Bui, 19:538. 1892. 9. (?) Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt-, 13:579. 1894. 10. Budd, la. Sta. Bui, 41:71. 1899. u. Munson, Me, Sta. Rpt., 1902:83. 12. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76:26. 1902. 13. Budd- Hansen, 1903 :39.
SYNONYMS. APORT (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, n, 12, 13). APORT ORIENT (8, 10). (APORT ORIENTAL, 9) ? No. 12 Orel (7). No. 252 (i, 2, 3, 4, 7, n). 23 M (i, 2, 3). Oporto (4).
A Russian apple, large, yellow, mostly covered with mixed red, striped and splashed with dark crimson, very attractive but coarse-grained and in- ferior in quality. It begins to ripen about the middle of August. The tree comes into bearing rather young and gives full crops in alternate years. Not recommended for New York state.
ARCTIC.
REFERENCES, i. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 8:347. 1889. 2. Munson, Me. Sta Rpt., 1896:70. 3. Waugh, Ft. Sta. Bui., 61:29. 1897. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:15. 5. Beach, W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1900:34. 6. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:286. 1901. 7. Me. Sta. Rpt., 1902:83, 89, 95, 96. 8. Budd- Hansen, 1903 :39. 9. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui., 48 :36. 1903.
SYNONYMS. None.
One of the most valuable characteristics of the Arctic is its ability to endure cold climates. It has probably been planted more extensively in Northern New York, New England and Canada than in any other regions. It is reported as being pretty hardy in Central Iowa where the climate is too severe for Baldwin, Rhode Island Greening and other varieties of a similar grade of hardiness. Munson (7) states that it is worthy of trial where Baldwin will not succeed. The tree is vigorous. In some dis- tricts it has the reputation of being productive, in others it is called a shy bearer. The fruit is very attractive, mild subacid, good but not high in quality. It somewhat resembles Baldwin in size and color, but is more oblate, and the skin is of a somewhat lighter and brighter red than that of Baldwin. The cavity is often marked with outspreading rays of reddish or green russet as in the Baldwin. The dots are round, scattering, whitish, often
8 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
areolar and not elongated in the region of the cavity as they often are on the Baldwin. It does not keep so well as the Hubbardston. In Western New York its season may extend from October to February, but when grown farther north is later (6, 7). In some parts of Northern New York it is being grafted over to other sorts. Waugh (6) states that this is also being done in the Isle La Motte region of Vermont, nevertheless he believes it will be grown there in moderate quantities for years to come.
Historical. The Arctic was introduced by Mr. O. K. Gerrish, now of Lake- ville, Mass. He states that it originated as a chance seedling in a garden near Cape Vincent, N. Y., about 1862. About 1887 he bought the tree from Mr. John H. Esseltyne on whose farm it was growing. After taking propagating wood from it, he destroyed the tree to prevent theft of scions.
TREE.
Tree a moderate grower with long, moderately stout branches. Form spreading and open somewhat like Tompkins King. Twigs short, stocky; internodes medium length ; slightly pubescent near tips. Bark dark reddish- brown, streaked and mottled with thin scarf-skin. Lenticels scattering, con- spicuous, medium to large, roundish to somewhat elongated, raised. Buds medium to large, broad, obtuse, flat, free, pubescent. Leaves large, dark green, broad and rather thick.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium to large. Form oblate, sometimes roundish conic, often faintly ribbed; pretty uniform in size and shape. Stem short and rather thick to medium. Cavity moderately shallow to rather deep, broad, usually symmetrical or slightly furrowed, and having outspreading rays of red or green russet. Calyx medium to rather large ; segments broad, obtuse, closed or partly open. Basin abrupt, medium to wide and deep, often compressed or slightly furrowed and corrugated.
Skin nearly smooth, slightly roughened by the light russet or whitish dots ; deep yellow or greenish-yellow, often almost wholly covered with a bright red obscuring the stripes of deeper red.
Calyx tube short, conical varying to funnel-form. Stamens median.
Core medium, axile or nearly so ; cells closed or partly open ; core lines clasping the cylinder of the tube. Carpels broadly roundish to nearly obcor- date, emarginate, slightly tufted. Seeds often abortive; when normally developed they are medium to rather large, flat, obtuse, sometimes slightly tufted, dark.
Flesh somewhat tinged with yellow, firm, moderately coarse, crisp, juicy, mild subacid, good in quality.
Uses. Adapted rather for market and culinary uses than for dessert.
Season October to February or later.
ARCTIC
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
AUGUST.
REFERENCES, i. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 7:89. 1888. 2. Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:132. 3. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:586. 1894. 4- Mich. Sta. Bui, 118:59. 1895- 5- Ib., 129:39. 1896. 6. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 15:270. 1896. 7. Mich. Sta. Bui., 143:200. 1897. 8. Ib., 152:219. 1898. g. Ib., 205:47. 1903.
SYNONYMS. None.
This hybrid is classed by some as an apple and by others as a crabapple. The tree is hardy, comes into bearing early and is reliably productive. The fruit is medium to small for an apple but very large for a crabapple. It has a slight crabapple flavor and is of fairly good quality for culinary use. Not recommended for planting in New York.
Historical. Originated from seed of Wealthy by Peter M. Gideon, Ex- celsior, Minn., from whom it was received in 1888 for testing at this Station. It has been tested at experiment stations in different States but it appears to be practically unknown to fruit growers.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading and somewhat droop- ing, open. Tzvigs short, curved, slender; internodes short. Bark clear brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scat- tering, medium in size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium in size, plump, acute, free, not pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to small, occasionally above medium, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate to roundish conic, nearly symmetrical, regu- lar or somewhat ribbed. Stem rather short to medium in length, mod- erately slender. Cavity acute approaching acuminate, medium to deep, mod- erately broad, symmetrical, usually not russeted. Calyx- rather large, closed ; lobes long, acute, reflexed. Basin moderately shallow to rather deep, mod- erately wide, somewhat abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin pale yellow or greenish, sometimes almost entirely overspread and mottled with rather bright red, striped and splashed with carmine, covered with bloom. Dots whitish, small, scattering, inconspicuous. Prevailing color red in well colored specimens.
Calyx tube rather small, short, conical. Stamens median to nearly basal.
Core medium in size to above, usually axile; cells often unsymmetrical, usually closed, sometimes wide open; core lines clasping. Carpels ovate. Seeds light brown, medium to above, moderately wide, plump, acute.
Flesh slightly tinged with yellow, half-fine, moderately juicy, breaking, mild subacid, with a slight crabapple flavor; quality fairly good for culinary use.
Season August and early September.
io THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
AUGUSTINE.
REFERENCES, i. Horticulturist, 1848 (cited by 5). 2. Downing, 1857:207. 3. Warder, 1867711. 4. Thomas, 1885:502. 5. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56:31. 1905.
SYNONYMS. None.
A pleasant flavored dessert apple formerly grown to a very limited extent in some portions of the state but now practically unknown. Fruit medium to rather large, roundish conic or slightly inclined to oblong, yellow splashed and striped with red; flesh moderately juicy to rather dry, not crisp, tender, sweet; season August.
AUTUMN BOUGH.
REFERENCES, i. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :No. 36. 2. Parsons, Horti- culturist, i :2og. 1846. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 4. Mag. Hort., 19 :68. 1853. 5- Elliott, 1854:66. fig. 6. Downing, 1857:71. 7. Mag. Hort., 25:154. 1859. 8. Warder, 1867:712. 9. Thomas, 1875:198. io. Downing, 1881:11 index, app. n. Lyon, Midi. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:288. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :234.
SYNONYMS. AUTUMN BOUGH (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, n, 12). Autumn Bough (9). AUTUMNAL BOUGH (8). AUTUMN SWEET BOUGH (6, 9, io). Autumn Sivect Bough (5). Fall Bough (6, 9). Late Bough (6, 9). Montgomery Sweet (io). Philadelphia Sweet (6, 9). Summer Bell-flower (6).
This is regarded by many as one of the best sweet apples of its season for dessert use and is esteemed also for culinary purposes. The tree is medium in size, upright or roundish, moderately vigorous to vigorous, healthy, long-lived, comes into bearing fairly young and is reliably pro- ductive. The fruit hangs well to the tree. It is suitable for local market but it does not ship well. So far as we can learn it is not grown commercially but it is occasionally cultivated for home use and is still listed by some nurserymen.
In 1846 Robert B. Parsons, of Flushing, N. Y., described it as " a very superior fruit, ranking indeed among our best sweet apples, and worthy of extensive cultivation. It is rather large, somewhat of a calville-shape, though with the ribs not quite so prominent as is usual with apples of that class ; oblong, diminishing very much to the eye. Skin smooth, pale yellow, with a few scattered dots. Eye of medium size, and very deeply sunken. Stalk rather slender, set in a deep narrow cavity. Flesh white, very tender, and with a rich and sweet, yet sprightly flavor. Ripens from 25th of Eighth month to the 2oth of Ninth month. The tree is exceedingly productive, and of very vigorous growth" (2).
AUTUMN STREAKED.
REFERENCES, i. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:50. 2. Lyon, U. S. Pom. Bui, 2:39. 1888. 3. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 8:349. 1889. 4. Ib., 13:579. 1894.
SYNONYMS. AUTUMN STREAKED (i, 2, 3, 4). Herbst Strcfiing (i). Herbst StreMing (2). No. 964 (i).
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. n
This fruit approaches the Oldenburg type in some respects. It is of good size and usually attractive in color, sprightly subacid, very good for culinary purposes; season September. The tree is hardy, comes into bearing young and is a good biennial bearer.
Historical. A Russian apple received from T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vt, in 1888 for testing at this Station (3, 4).
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with short, stout branches. Form spreading, flat, rather dense. Twigs short, curved, stout with large terminal buds ; internodes short. Bark dull brown, mingled with olive-green, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin ; pubescent. Lenticcls scattering, medium to large, oval, slightly raised. Buds prominent, large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit large. Form roundish to roundish oblate, somewhat inclined to conic, regular or obscurely ribbed; sides often unequal. Stem short to medium, rather slender. Cavity medium to rather large, acute to acuminate, moderately deep, rather wide, slightly furrowed, greenish-russet. Calyx large, closed or partly open. Basin uneven, wide, abrupt, wrinkled.
Skin yellow or pale yellow, shaded, striped and splashed with red and overspread with pinkish bloom. Prevailing effect striped red.
Core large, open.
Flesh yellowish, firm, a little coarse, rather crisp, moderately juicy, sprightly subacid, good.
AUTUMN SWAAR.
REFERENCES, i. Genesee Farmer, 1838 (cited by 10). 2. Downing, 1857:115. 3. Hooper, 1857:14. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 5. Warder, 1867:572. fig. 6. Downing, 1869:82. 7. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:288. 8. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:234. 9. Budd-Hansen, 1903:41. 10. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56:107. 1905.
SYNONYMS. AUTUMN SWAAR (4, 7, 8, 9). AUTUMNAL SWAAR (i, 2, 3, 6). Autumnal Swaar (10). FALL SWAAR (10, of the West 5). Fall Szvaar of West (6, 9, 10).
This belongs to the Fall Orange group and the fruit resembles Fall Orange very closely. It is very good in quality for either dessert or culinary uses. The tree is hardy, vigorous and spreading; not satisfactorily productive (7). It is occasionally found in cultivation in this state but is now seldom or never planted. Its origin is unknown.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium to medium, sometimes large. Form oblate to roundish conic. Stem often short, thick and irregularly knobbed. Cavity acute, deep, broad, often lipped or irregular, with concentric russet marks and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to small, closed or slightly open. Basin medium in depth, medium to narrow, abrupt, slightly ridged.
Skin orange-yellow or greenish, in some cases with a decided blush but
12 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
not striped, roughened by almost invisible, capillary netted russet lines which become more distinct, larger and concentric about the base and apex. Dots conspicuous, irregular, russet or red areolar with russet center. Prevailing effect yellow.
Calyx tube funnel-form. Stamens median.
Core medium to rather small, nearly axile ; cells partly open or closed ; core lines clasp the funnel-cylinder. Carpels emarginate, somewhat elliptical, tufted. Seeds numerous, large to medium, plump, tufted, brown.
Flesh yellow, tender, breaking, juicy, agreeable, mild subacid, decidedly aromatic, sprightly, very good.
Season September.
AUTUMN SWAAR AND FALL ORANGE COMPARED.
The fruit of Fall Orange as compared with that of Autumn Swaar is larger, more inclined to conic, has smaller seeds and a fleshy pistil point projecting into the base of the calyx tube. The flesh is whiter, more acid, less aromatic and less tender. The flesh of well grown and well ripened Autumn Swaar is decidely yellower, more tender and milder with a very pleasant, peculiarly aromatic flavor.
AUTUMN SWEET SWAAR.
REFERENCES, i. Albany Cultivator, 5:247. 1848. 2. Thomas, 1849:145. 3. Barry, 1851:282. 4. Elliott, 1854:121. 5. Downing, 1857:115. 6. Gregg, 1857:41. 7. Warder, 1867:471. fig. 8. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:288. 9. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56 133. 1905.
SYNONYMS. AUTUMN SWAAR (3, 9). Autumn Sweet (9). AUTUMN SWEET SWAAR (8). AUTUMNAL SWAAR (i, 2, 4, 6). Autumnal Sweet (9). AU- TUMNAL SWEET SWAAR (5, 7). Autumnal Sweet Swaar (9). Sweet Golden Pippin (5, 9). Sweet Swaar (2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9).
In 1848 Thomas described this as one of the finest autumnal sweet ap- ples (i). It is now seldom found in cultivation in this state. Its origin is unknown.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous to vigorous, productive. Form upright spreading.
FRUIT (i, 2, 4, 6).
Fruit large. Form roundish oblate, sometimes slightly ribbed. Stem varying from long and slender to thick and fleshy, yellow and red. Cavity acute, deep, wavy, green. Calyx medium in size, closed. Basin shallow, wide, slightly furrowed.
Skin smooth, waxen yellow, sometimes blushed. Dots rare, minute.
Core medium in size ; cells somewhat open ; core lines clasping. Seeds numerous, plump, pale.
Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, fine, moderately juicy, very sweet, spicy, agreeable, very good to best.
Season September and October.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 13
BAILEY SPICE.
REFERENCES, i. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1849 :.35O. 2. Bailey, Horticul- turist, 5:286. 1850. fig. 3. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 16:542. 1850. fig. 4. Barry, 1851:283. 5. Elliott, 1854:121. 6. Downing, 1857:116. 7. Hooper, 1857:14. 8. Gregg, 1857:41. 9. Warder, 1867:712. 10. Thomas, 1875:205.
SYNONYMS. BAILEY SPICE (2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8). BAILEY'S SPICE (i, 6, 9, 10).
A dessert apple of medium size, light yellow color and subacid, spicy flavor, in season in September and October.
Historical. In 1850 J. W. Bailey, of Plattsburgh, published the following account of the origin of this variety (2, 3). "The original tree is now growing in my grounds, and was planted there fifty years ago by my grand- father, Captain Nathaniel Platt. It is a great bearer, and I think I never knew an apple so invariably fair and perfect as this."
So far as we have learned this variety is no longer planted and is nearly obsolete in New York.
BAKER SWEET.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1857:117. 2. Warder, 1867:712. 3. Thomas, 1875 :492.
SYNONYMS. BAKER SWEET (2, 3). BAKER'S SWEET (i). Late Golden Sweet (i). Long Stem Sweet (i). Winter Golden Sweet (i, 3).
A golden yellow apple of good size and attractive appearance. Because it is sweet, not a late keeper and drops readily from the tree it is of little commercial value except where it can be disposed of in local market, not- withstanding that the tree is very productive. It is a good variety for the home orchard where a sweet apple, ripening in late autumn, is desired.
Historical. This is an old variety, formerly much grown in parts of New England (i). It is but little grown in New York state.
TREE.
Tree medium size, only moderately vigorous or a slow grower; branches dark, rather slender, somewhat resembling Jonathan (i). Form spreading. Twigs rather stout.
FRUIT.
Fruit large to medium, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish to oblate, usually regular. Stem short to rather long, rather slender. Cavity large, acute to acuminate, deep, rather broad, sometimes partly russeted and with outspreading rays, symmetrical. Calyx pubescent, medium, closed ; lobes broad at base, acute. Basin shallow to moderately deep, narrow to above medium in width, somewhat abrupt, a little furrowed.
Skin moderately thin, tough, nearly smooth except for some patcnes of russet and conspicuous russet dots, good yellow with shade of brownish-red blush on exposed cheek. Prevailing effect good yellow.
Calyx tube medium, somewhat funnel-shape. Stamens median.
14 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Core above medium to large, abaxile ; cells open, sometimes unsymmetrical ; cere lines meeting. Carpels very broadly ovate to roundish, tufted. Seeds dark, medium to rather small, plump, acute, tufted.
Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately fine, rather tender, rather juicy, very sweet, pleasant, good to very good.
Season October to December.
BANKS.
REFERENCES, i. Craig and Allen, Can. Hort., 16:420. 1893. fig. 2. Nova Scotia Fr. Gr. Assn. Rpt., 1894:81, 129. 3. Sears, Can. Hort., 22:476. 1899. 4. Caston, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 9:55. 1902. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1903:166.
SYNONYMS. BANKS (2, 3, 4, 5). BANKS GRAVENSTEIN (2). BANKS RED GRAVENSTEIN (i). Banks Red Gravenstein (4). Red Gravenstein (3).
In 1903 R. W. Starr, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, presented to the American Pomological Society the following report concerning this variety (5). "A bud sport from Gravenstein, much the same in season and flavor, but bright red, less ribbed, more regular in shape, and generally a little smaller in size. First noticed and propagated by C. E. Banks, of Berwick, Kings Co., N. S. It is well liked and is being quite largely planted." It appears that this sport first came into bearing about 1880 (i). In 1899 Sears (3) re- marked, " The Banks or Red Gravenstein is gaining in popularity because it combines with the superior quality of the ordinary Gravenstein the bright red color which people demand who judge the apple by its appearance alone."
Except in the points of difference above noted Banks appears to be identi- cal with Gravenstein and the reader is referred to the description of that variety for a technical account of the tree and fruit. So far as we can learn this variety is not yet planted to any considerable extent in New York.
BEAUTIFUL ARCAD.
REFERENCES, i. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 9:104. 1883. 2. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:443. 3. la. Agr. Coll. Bui., 1885:17. 4. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:15. 5. Ib., Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:48. 6. Budd, Rural N. y., 47:692. 1888. 7. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:57. 8. Harris, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1892 :274. 9. Thomas, 1897 :248. fig. 10. Hansen, 5. D. Sta. Bui, 76:28. 1902. ii. Budd-Hansen, 1903:44. 12. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui., 56 :29, 39, 353- 1905.
SYNONYMS. Arcad Krasivui (3). Arkad Krasivui (5, 12). ARKAD KRASIWUI (i). Arkad Krasiwui (2, 5, 12). BEAUTIFUL ARCAD (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, n). BEAUTIFUL ARCADE (10, 11). Beautiful Arcade (i, 5, 12). No. 453 (5, 6, 10, n, 12).
This is a Russian apple of good medium size, yellow, partly shaded and splashed with red, sweet, in season in August and September. It is con- sidered a desirable variety in portions of the Upper Mississippi valley and in other districts where superior hardiness is a prime requisite.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 15
BEAUTY OF KENT.
REFERENCES, i. Forsyth, 1803:55. 2. Ib., 1824:93. 3. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :No. 59. 4. Kenrick, 1832:92. 5. Floy-Lindley, 1833:20. 6. Downing, 1845:81. 7. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:250. 1848. fig. 8. Kirtland, Horticulturist, 2:544. 1848. 9. Thomas, 1849:146. 10. Cole, 1849:114. n. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:34. 1851. 12. Barry, 1851:283. 13. Elliott, 1854:167. 14. Hooper, 1857:15. 15. Gregg, 1857:41. 16. Downing, Horti- culturist, 19:364. 1864. figs. 17. Warder, 1867:584. 18. Fitz, 1872:152. 19. Leroy, 1873:97. fig. 20. Hogg, 1884:17. 21. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:288. 22. Wickson, 1889:245. 23. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:234. 24. Bunyard, four. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:354. 25. Budd-Hansen, 1903:109. 26. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48:46. 1903. 27. Garden, 64:239. 1903. fig. bearing nursery trees.
SYNONYMS. BEAUTE DE KENT (19). BEAUTY OF KENT (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27). Beauty of Kent (19, 26). KENT BEAUTY (25, 26). Kentish Pippin (19, of some 3). Pepin de Kent (19). Pippin Kent (19).
Fruit large, beautiful, showy, suitable for culinary use, in season from late September to November. The tree is large, vigorous, upright, comes into bearing rather young, is a reliable cropper and moderately productive. In England where it originated it is said to do best under garden culture in warm soil and on Paradise stock ; grown in clay and other uncongenial soils it loses quality (27). It is but little known in New York.
BELBORODOOSKOE.
REFERENCES, i. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887 155. No. 37. 2. N. Y. Sta, An. Rpt., 8:349. 1889. 3. Beach, Ib., 12:599. 1893. 4. Thomas, 1897:265, fig. 5. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76:29. 1902.
SYNONYMS. BELBORODOOSKOE (2, 3). BELLERDOVSKOE (4, 5). Bielborodov- ska? (i). WHITE BORODOVKA (i).
A Russian apple, medium to large, pale greenish-yellow, sometimes blushed, coarse, rather juicy, mild subacid to nearly sweet, good; season August. It does not appear to be worthy the attention of New York fruit growers.
BENNINGER.
REFERENCES, i. Churchill, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 8:355. 1889- 2. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:235. 3. Heiges, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1894:17. 4. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 15:270. 1896. 5. Taylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1897:36.
SYNONYMS. BENNIGER (2). BENNINGER (i, 3, 4, 5).
A pleasant-flavored dessert apple of good medium size and attractive ap- pearance ; in season during late August and September. It is too mild in flavor to be very desirable for culinary purposes. The tree is a pretty good grower, comes into bearing young and is productive.
1 6 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Historical. Originated about 1830 on the farm of Uhlie Benninger near Slatington, Lehigh county, Pa. In that region it is said to be a good grower and a reliable and abundant cropper (4).
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with short stout branches. Form spreading, open. Twigs short, curved, stout with large terminal buds ; internodes medium. Bark clear brownish tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels conspicuous, quite numerous, medium in size, oblong, not raised. Buds deeply set in bark, medium in size, broad, obtuse, appressed, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium or above. Form roundish oblate to roundish ovate, some- what irregular ; sides unequal. Stem short to medium, rather slender. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, medium in width, moderately deep to deep, often somewhat russeted. Calyx' medium in size, usually closed ; lobes nar- row, acuminate. Basin wide, moderately deep to shallow, smooth or slightly furrowed.
Skin rather thin, nearly smooth, yellow, blushed and streaked with red. Dots rather small, greenish.
Calyx tube usually short, wide, conical. Stamens marginal.
Core medium, abaxile ; cells open ; core lines slightly clasping or sometimes meeting.
Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, firm, moderately fine, crisp, rather juicy, mild subacid, good.
Season late August and September.
BENONI.
REFERENCES, i. N. E. Farmer, 9:46. 1830. 2. Kenrick, 1832:25. 3. Mag. Hort., 1:149, 363. 1835. 4. Manning, 1838:49. 5. Mag. Hort., 6:172. 1840. 6. Ib., 7:43. 1841. 7. Downing, 1845:70. 8. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:17. 1848. fig. 9. Thomas, 1849:136. 10. Cole, 1849:101. n. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:12. 1851. 12. Hovey, i :83. 1851. col. pi and fig. 13. Barry, 1851 :279. 14. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1854. 15. Elliott, 1854:122. 16. Mag. Hort., 21:63. 1855. 17. Gregg, 1857:35. 18. Hooper, 1857:17, 106, 108. 19. Horticul- turist, 14:425. 1859. 20. Warder, 1867:650. fig. 21. Fitz, 1872:121, 148, 177. 22. Hogg, 1884:20. 23. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:288. 24. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:235. 25. Woolverton, Out. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 1:24. 1894. 26. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45:314. 1896. 27. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bui, 106:51. 1902. 28. Budd-Hansen, 1903:47. fig.
SYNONYMS. None.
Benoni is a fine dessert apple, very attractive in appearance arid excellent in quality but not large enough to be a good market variety. The tree comes into bearing moderately young and
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 17
yields fair to good crops biennially. It begins to ripen early in August and its season extends into September.
Historical. Originated in Dedham, Massachusetts, where the original tree was still standing in 1848. It was introduced to notice by Mr. E. M. Richards shortly before 1832 (2). It is highly esteemed throughout the country and is generally listed by nurserymen throughout the middle and northern portions of the apple-growing regions of this continent (24).
TREE.
Tree rather large, vigorous. Form erect to somewhat roundish, dense. Twigs moderately long, straight, slender ; internodes medium. Bark olive- green, shaded with light reddish-brown, lightly coated with scarf-skin, pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium, oblong, slightly raised. Buds deeply set in bark, medium size, plump, obtuse, appressed, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to rather small. Form roundish inclined to conic, faintly ribbed toward the apex; sides unequal. Stem short to very short, slender. Cavity acute, rather narrow, moderately deep, wavy, greenish-russet. Calyx rather small to above medium, partly open, slightly pubescent. Basin medium in width and depth, abrupt, 'somewhat wrinkled.
Skin smooth, orange-yellow partly covered with lively red striped with deep carmine. Dots scattering, minute, whitish.
Stamens basal.
Core small to medium, axile; cells closed; core lines meeting. Carpels roundish, slightly elongated, emarginate. Seeds few, dark brown, medium in size, plump, obtuse.
Flesh yellow, firm, crisp, fine-grained, tender, juicy, pleasant subacid, good to very good.
Season August and early September.
BETIGHEIMER.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1881:101 app. 2. Thomas, 1885:521. 3. Hos- kins, Rural N. Y., 47:646. 1888. 4. Wickson, 1889:243. 5. Can. Hort., 13:239, 301. 1890. fig. 6. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:234. 7. Can. Hort., 16:14. 1893. 8. Ib., 17:413- 1894- col., pi. 9. Card, and For., 8:390, 428. 1895. 10. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:12. n. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bui, 106:54. 1902. 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903:48. fig. 13. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui., 205:43. 1903.
SYNONYMS. BEITIGHEIMER (6). BIETIGHEIMER (7, 10, 12, 13). RED BEITIG- HEIMER (9). Red Beitigheimer (6). RED BIETIGHEIMER (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, n).
Fruit remarkable only for its great size and beauty. It is a good cooking apple but coarse, subacid and not desirable for dessert use. The fruit being extremely large, drops badly before
i8 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
the crop is ready to pick. In the nursery it is a rough grower forming many badly shaped trees and for this reason it is best to topwork it on some good straight stock. The tree comes into bearing rather early and under favorable conditions is an annual cropper but only moderately productive. It is a fine fruit for exhibition but is not worthy of cultivation for either home use or market.
Historical. Origin, Germany.
TREE.
Tree large, moderately vigorous to vigorous. Form upright spreading or roundish, dense, with laterals inclined to droop. Twigs short, curved, stout, with large terminal buds ; internodes long. Bark dull brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, conspicuous, medium in size, oval, raised. Buds prominent, large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit very large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate or inclined to conic, with broad, flat base, somewhat irregular. Stem medium to short, thick. Cavity large, acute, or approaching acuminate, wide, mod- erately shallow to rather deep, sometimes furrowed, occasionally lipped, often much russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to small, closed; lobes rather narrow, acute. Basin varies from shallow and obtuse to deep and abrupt, medium in width, somewhat wrinkled, often marked with mammiform protuberances.
Skin thick, tough, smooth, bright pale yellow to greenish or whitish washed with pinkish-red and sparingly and obscurely splashed with deeper red. Dots numerous, small, inconspicuous, yellowish or russet.
Calyx tube broadly conical. Stamens usually basal or nearly so.
Core medium to large, axile to somewhat abaxile; cells partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels cordate or broadly roundish, a little tufted. Seeds numerous, large to medium, rather wide, broadly acute, rather light brown.
Flesh almost white, firm, very coarse, crisp, somewhat tough, juicy, sub- acid, fair to nearly good.
Season September and October.
BIRTH.
REFERENCES, i. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 8:42,73. 1881-82. 2. Budd, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1882:79. 3. Ib., 1883:444, 685. fa. 4. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:107. fig. 5. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 2:35. 1883. 6. la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1885:18. 7. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:80. 8. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., ii :s88. 1892. 9. la. Sta. Bui, 41 70. 1899.
SYNONYMS. BIRTH (8, 9). CHRIST BIRTH (6). CHRIST BIRTH APPLE (2, 3). Christ Birth Apple (4). CHRISTMAS (7). No. 161 (7). No. 477
BIET1GHEIMER
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 19
(2, 6, 9). 161 M (2). RESCHESTWENSKOE (5).. Roschdestvenskoe (6).
ROSCHDESTWENSKOE (4). Rosckdestwenskoe (3). ROSHDESTRENSKOE (l).
A Russian apple received in 1888 from Dr. T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vt., for testing at this Station. Fruit above medium, roundish conic, slightly ribbed; skin greenish-yellow with a shade of brownish-red; flesh mild sub- acid, fair quality; ripens here in September. Not valuable.
BISMARCK.
REFERENCES, i. Hogg, 1884:181. 2. Rural N. Y., 55:275, 288, 321, 690, 1896. 3. Van Deman, Ib., 56:241, 503, 534, 598, 662. 1897. figs. 4. Green, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1897:32. 5. Rural N. Y., 57:786. 1898. 6. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898 :356. 7. Can. Hort., 22 :24O. 1899. 8. Amcr. Card., 20:124, 782. 1899. figs. 9. Van Deman, Rural N. Y., 58:688. 1899. 10. Beach, W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1900:35. n. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:288. 1901. 12. Can. Hort., 25:47. 1902. 13. Rural N. Y., 61:626. 1902. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903:49. 15. Rural N. Y., 62:809. 1903.
SYNONYMS. BISMARCK (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, n, 12, 13, 14, 15). BISMARK (10). PRINCE BISMARK (i). Prince Bismark (10),
Bismarck is evidently related to the Aport group of apples. In size and general appearance it somewhat resembles Alexander. Fruit large, attractive in color, suitable for kitchen and market purposes but inferior in dessert qualities. It ranks about v/ith Alexander and Wolf River in quality. It begins to ripen in October and its season extends from October to early winter. It has not been tested enough in this country to demonstrate its market value. The tree is dwarfish, healthy, hardy, comes into bearing very young, is a reliable cropper and very productive. Even when grown as standards the trees may be planted much more closely together than ordinary commercial varieties.
Historical. Originated in the Province of Canterbury, New Zealand. In- troduced into this country from England about ten years ago.
TREE.
Tree dwarfish with very short, stout, drooping branches. Form spreading, open. Twigs short, curved, moderately stout; internodes medium. Bark dull brownish, tinged with green, lightly coated with scarf-skin, pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium to large, oval, slightly raised. Buds medium in size, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit very large or large, rather uniform in size and shape. Form round- ish oblate to roundish conic, flattened at the base, pretty regular ; sides often
2O THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
unequal. Stem short to medium, thick. Cavity usually rather large, acumi- nate, moderately wide to wide, deep, often compressed, greenish or russet with outspreading russet rays. Calyx large, open; lobes short, rather broad, nearly obtuse. Basin large to very large, usually symmetrical, deep, moder- ately wide to wide, very abrupt, sometimes broadly and irregularly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin rather thick, tough, smooth, greenish or yellow washed, mottled and striped with two shades of red becoming solid dark red on the exposed cheek, overspread with thin bloom and often marked with thin scarf-skin about the base. Dots minute and russet or large and pale gray. Prevailing effect attractive red with less of a striped appearance than Alexander.
Calyx tube wide, broadly conical to somewhat funnel-form. Stamens basal.
Core medium to rather small, axile to somewhat abaxile; cells closed or sometimes open ; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels flat, broadly ovate to nearly cordate, tufted. Seeds few, often abortive, medium size, rather wide, short, plump, obtuse to acute, medium brown.
Flesh nearly white, moderately firm, coarse, rather tender, juicy, subacid, sprightly, fair to good or nearly good.
Season October to early winter.
BLACK ANNETTE.
REFERENCES, i. Elliott, 1854:167. 2. ? Warder, 1867713. 3. Downing, 1869 :99- SYNONYMS. None.
A rather small dark red apple formerly grown to a limited extent in some sections of New York and other Eastern states. Season November and De- cember. It is now practically obsolete here. The Black Annette mentioned by Hansen when grown in Central Iowa keeps through the winter which indicates that it is distinct from the variety here described. See Vol. I.
BLENHEIM.
REFERENCES, i. Turner, London Hort. Soc. Trans., 3 -.322. 1819. 2. For- syth, 1824:134. 3. Pom. Mag., i :No. 28. 1828. col. pi. 4. Ronalds, 1831:61. fig. 5. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :No. 104. 6. Kenrick, 1832:72. 7. Floy- Lindley, 1833:29. 8. Downing, 1845:81. 9. Horticulturist, 1:389. 1847. 10. Thomas, 1849:144. u. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:29. 1851. 12. El- liott, 1854:167. 13. Hooper, 1857:19. 14. Lucas, Ed., ///. Handb. Obstk., 1:515. 1859. 15. Warder, 1867:713. 16. Regel, 1:461. 1868. 17. Berghuis, 1868 :No. 61. col. pi. 18. Tilt. Jour. Hort., 7:166. 1870. 19. Downing, 1872:3 app. 20. Leroy, 1873:139. fig. 21. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1875:6. 22. Lauche, 1882 :No. 36. col. pi. 23. Bensel, Rural N. Y., 42:65. 1883. 24. Hogg, 1884:24. 25. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:288. 26. Can. Hort., 15:40, 72, in, 124, 156, 188, 206. .1892. 27. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892: 235. 28. Can. Hort., 16:113, 299. 1893. 29. Bredsted, 2:157. 1893. 30. Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 1:24. 1894. 31. Gaucher, 1894 :No. 8. $ol. pi. 32. Card, and For., 9:15. 1896. 33. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:354. 34.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 21
Amer. Card., 19:344. 1898. 35. Can. Hort., 24:353. 1901. figs. 36. Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 8:6. 1901. figs. 37. Eneroth-Smirnoff, 1901:197. 38. Ma- cotin, Can. Dept. Agr. Bui, 37:40. 1901. 39- Budd-Hansen, 1903:51. 40. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:113. 1904.
SYNONYMS. Belle d' Angers (31). BLENHEIM (20, 23, 34, 35, 36, 39, 40). Blenheim (5, 18, 19). BLENHEIM ORANGE (i, 2, 4, 6, 13, 15, 26, 28, 32, 33). Blenheim Orange (3, 5, 7, 8, 10, n, 12, 18, 19, 20, 24, 31, 34, 35, 36, 39, 40). BLENHEIM PIPPIN (3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 24, 25, 27, 29, 30, 38). Blenheim Pippin (6, 20, 26, 28, 31, 34, 35, 36, 39, 40). BLENHEIM SRENETT (37). Blooming Orange (18, 19, 31). Dredge's Fane (31). Dutch Mig- nonne, err. (18, 19). Gloucester Pippin (31). GOLDREINETTE VON BLENHEIM (14, 22, 31). Goldreinette von Blenheim (20). Imperatrice Eugenie (31). Kempster's Pippin (18, 19, 20, 24, 31, 32). LORD NELSON (incorrectly in some nursery catalogues). Lucius Apfel (31). Northampton (31). Norlhwick Pippin (5, 1 8, 19, 20, 24, 31). Orange Blenheim (31). Orange Pippin (31). Perle d'Angleterre (31). Prince of Wales (31). Pomme de Blenheim (31). Reinette de Blenheim (31). Ward's Pippin (31). Woodstock (2, 35, 36). Woodstock Pippin (3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, n, 12, 18, 19, 20, 24, 31, 34).
Fruit large to very large, yellow, more or less washed and striped with red, attractive in appearance and of excellent quality. The commercial season in the southeastern portions of the State is October. In Western New York it comes into season with the Twenty Ounce and keeps into early winter (31). Often specimens of it may be kept much later. Macoun gives its season in Ontario as November and December (28). The fruit is desirable both for home and market uses but the variety is usually unsatisfactory for commercial planting because it is not a good keeper, is variable in season and commonly suffers considerable loss in drops and culls. In some locations, however, it is considered a good profit- able variety.
Origin Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England. It found its way into the Lon- don nurseries about the year 1818 (24). Although it has long been known in portions of New York and adjacent states and in Canada in no part of this region has it assumed very great commercial importance.
TREE.
Tree large, vigorous, productive, bearing its fruit singly and evenly dis- tributed. Form upright spreading. Tzwg.y very stout. Bark clear, light reddish-brown becoming dark.
FRUIT.
Fruit usually large or above medium. Form roundish oblate to roundish inclined to conic, usually pretty regular and symmetrical, sometimes a little
22 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
furrowed at the apex. Stem short to medium. Cavity below medium to rather large, rather narrow to wide, moderately deep to deep, acute to acumi- nate, usually symmetrical, sometimes compressed or lipped, covered with rus- set which often extends beyond the cavity. Calyx large or very large; seg- ments flat, separated at base plainly exposing the yellowish tube beneath ; lobes obtuse. Basin large, broad, shallow and obtuse to deep and abrupt, somewhat furrowed and slightly wrinkled.
Skin moderately thin and tough, deep yellow overspread with a rather dull pinkish-red, in highly colored specimens developing a deep and rather bright red somewhat roughened in places with netted capillary russet lines. Dots numerous, small or conspicuously large and russet. Prevailing effect rather attractive red and yellow.
Calyx tube short, very wide, cone-shape. Stamens median to somewhat basal.
Core medium or below, axile or somewhat abaxile; cells often unequally developed, closed or partly open ; core lines meeting. Carpels flat, tufted, emarginate. Seeds few and frequently abortive, irregular, often not plump, long, acute to acuminate, tufted.
Flesh tinged with yellow, rather firm, moderately juicy, crisp, moderatelv fine grained or a little coarse, somewhat aromatic, agreeable sprightly sub- acid, becoming rather mild subacid, good to very good ; excellent either for dessert or culinary use.
Season. It is at its best from October to December but often may be kept until midwinter or later.
BLUSHED CALVILLE.
REFERENCES, i. Budd, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1882 :8o. 2. Schroeder, Mon- treal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:72. 3. Budd, Can. Hort., 11:223, 246. 1888. 4. Ib., Rural N. Y., 47 -.692. 1888. 5. Ib., la. Agr. Coll, Bull, 1890 -.17. 6. Ib., Can. Hort., 13:216. 1890. 7. Ib., la. Sta. Bui.., 19:535. 1892. 8. Green, Minn. Sta. Bui., 32:241. 1893. 9. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt. 1896:73. 10. Thomas, 1897:265. fig. n. Hansen, 5. D. Sta. 'Bui, 76:32. 1902. fig. 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903:52.
SYNONYMS. BLUSHED CALVILLE (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12). CALVILLE KRASMUI (i). 22 (2). 22 M (i, 4, 5, 7, 8, n, 12).
Blushed Calville is said to be hardy and desirable in northern apple-grow- ing regions (n). As fruited at this Station the tree does not come into bearing very young and is not very productive. It is not recommended for planting in this state.
Historical. Origin Russia.
TREE.
Tree rather small, moderately vigorous with short, stout branches. Form upright spreading, open. Twigs medium in length, curved and stout with large terminal buds ; internodes long. Bark brownish mingled with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium in size, round, slightly raised. Buds prominent, large, broad, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent.
BLENHEIM
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 23
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large, fairly uniform in shape and size. Form roundish conical, ribbed ; sides unequal. Sfcm usually long and slender. Cavity acute to acuminate, rather narrow to moderately wide, moderately deep, some- times russeted. Calyx large, closed or open. Basin medium in width and depth to wide and deep, a little abrupt, wrinkled.
Skin light green or yellowish, sometimes blushed.
Calyx tube broad, cone-shaped. Stamens median.
Core very large, abaxile ; cells wide open ; core lines clasping. Seeds medium in size, acute.
Flesh whitish, firm, rather coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, fair to good.
Season early summer.
BONUM.
REFERENCES, i. Robey, Horticulturist, 11:89. 1856. 2. Downing, 1857: 122. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1860:240. 4. Warder, 1867:424. fig. 5. Leroy, 1873:147. fig. 6. Thomas, 1875:190. 7. Barry, 1883:343. 8. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:235. 9. Dempsey, Out. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 2:32. 1895. 10. Bur- rill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45:315. 1896. u. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bui, 130:123. 1901. 12. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48:38. 1903. 13. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :54. fig.
SYNONYMS. BONUM (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13). Magnum Bonum (2, 4, 5, 7).
This is a southern variety of very good quality when grown under favor- able conditions. It is in season during late fall and early winter. Probably it is not well adapted to regions as far north as New York, for although it has long been cultivated it is practically unknown among New York fruit growers.
Historical. Origin Davidson county, N. C. It was entered on the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in 1860, dropped from the list in 1862 and reentered in 1869. According to Bailey's Inventory of North American Apples (8) it is now propagated but little by nurserymen.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading or roundish, open. Twigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout ; internodes medium. Bark dull brown, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, small, round, not raised. Buds medium in size, flat, acute, free, not pubescent.
FRUIT (2, 4, 6, 7, 13).
Fruit medium to large. Form oblate, regular. Stem long, slender to moderately thick, green. Cavity medium to large, deep, regular, often with a little green russet. Calyx large, closed. Basin medium in width, shallow, wrinkled.
Skin smooth, yellow, mostly covered with crimson and dark red, striped. Dots distinct, large, light with some having a dark center.
Calyx tube funnel-form. Stamens marginal.
24 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Core small; cells closed; core lines scarcely meeting. Carpels ovate. Seeds numerous, large, plump.
Flesh white, often stained next to the skin, firm, fine, tender, juicy, aro- matic, mild subacid, very good for dessert.
Season September to November.
BOROVINKA.
REFERENCES, i. Montreal Hort. Soc. Kept., 8:37. 1881-82. 2. Ib., 8:75. 1881-82. 3. Budd, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1882:80. 4. Gibb, Ib., 1883:432. 5. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 9:80. 1883. fig. 6. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui., 1885:9. 7. ? Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt. 1886-87:71. 8. Ib., 1886-87:79. 9. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1888:571. 10. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1890:18. ii. Can. Hort., 13:216. 1890. 12. Budd, la. Sta. Bui, 19 :536. 1892. 13. Harris, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1892 :273, 278. 14. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:58. 15. Niemetz, Can. Hort., 16:113. 1893. 16. Green, Minn. Sta. Bui, 32:240. 1893. 17. Stinson, Ark. Sta. Bui, 43:105. 1896. 18. Thomas, 1897:629. 19. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:12. 20. Han- sen, 5. D. Sta. Bui, 76:33. 1902. 21. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui, 205:43. 1903. 22. Budd-Hansen, 1903:54. fig.
SYNONYMS. BOROVINKA (i, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22). Borovinka (4). BOROVITSKY (18). BOROVINKA ANGLUSKAIA (2, 3). (ENGLISH BOROVINKA, 7)? MUSHROOM (4). Mushroom (5). 9 M (2, 3). No. 245 (6, 9, 10, 12, 17).
Borovinka resembles Oldenburg so closely that Hansen says the question of their identity has not been settled (20). As fruited at this Station it is distinct from Oldenburg; it is fully as attractive as Oldenburg in color but it lacks uniformity in size and is not equal to that variety in flavor and quality. The stock grown at this Station came from Professor J. L. Budd, Ames, la., in 1890, and is doubtless the true Borovinka.
Historical. Origin Russia.
TREE.
Tree below medium size but moderately vigorous. Form upright spread- ing to rather flat, open. Twigs short, curved, stout ; internodes short. Bark dark brown, lightly mottlec. with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium to large, oblong, slightly raised. Buds prominent, medium in size, broad, plump, obtuse to act te, free, not pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit below medium to large, averaging medium; pretty uniform in shape but not in size. Form roundish, slightly flattened at the ends, regular or faintly ribbed. Stem medium in length, thick. Cavity acute, rather shallow to moderately deep, moderately broad, slightly furrowed, sometimes with faint radiating rays of russet. Calyx medium to rather large, closed; lobes broad. Basin medium to rather deep, wide, somewhat abrupt, slightly fur- rowed, occasionally showing mammiform protuberances.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 25
Skin thin, very tender, smooth, pale yellow, often entirely covered with broken stripes and irregular splashes of attractive bright red, overspread with thin bluish bloom. Dots numerous, conspicuous, very small, light colored.
Calyx tube large, rather wide, urn-shape to funnel-form widening in the lower part of the funnel cylinder. Stamens median to marginal.
Core small to medium, axile ; cells closed or nearly so ; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish, somewhat concave, mucronate, not emarginate. Seeds medium to rather large, moderately wide, plump, somewhat obtuse, dark brown.
Flesh tinged with yellow, medium in grain, crisp, tender, moderately juicy to juicy, agreeable subacid, slightly aromatic, good.
Season mid-August to mid-September.
BOSKOOP.
REFERENCES, i. Berghuis, 1868 : col. pi. No. 43. 2. Oberdieck, Monatshefte, 1869:193. 3. Oberdieck, Deutschlands beste Obstsorten, 212. 4. Lauche, Erg'dnzungsband zum III. Handb., 265. 5. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 7:56, 155. 1881. 6. Downing, 1881:77 app. fig. 7. Budd, la. Hort. Soc., 1882: 8. Barry, 1883:342. 9. Willard, W. N. Y. Hort. Soc., 1889:171 (reprint in Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1889:329). 10. Palandt, GartenHora, 38:425. 1889. col. pi. ii. Brodie, Can. Hort., 12:238. 1889. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:234. 13. Bailey, Amer. Card., 14:501. 1893. 14. Craig, Can. Hort., 16:138. 1893. fig. 15. Bredsted, 1893:233. 16. Gaucher, Pomologie, 1894 :No. 20. col. pi. 17. Beach and Clark, Ar. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:113. 1904.
SYNONYMS. BELLE DE BOSCOOP (n). BELLE OF BOSKOOP (9). BELLE DE BOSKOOP (6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15). Belle de Boskoop (16, 17). BOSKOOP (5, 17). Reinette Belle de Boskoop (16). Reinette Monstrueuse (16). Rei- nette von Mont fort (16). SCHONER VON BOSKOOP (2, 3, 4, 10, 16). SCHOONE VON BOSKOOP (i). Schoone van Boskoop (16).
In some locations this fruit becomes highly colored with attractive bright red predominating, but more often f1ie color is not good, being predominantly dull green or yellow and more or less russeted. It is more suitable for gen- eral market and culinary purposes than for dessert. It is of good size but does not rank high in quality; the texture is somewhat coarse, and the flavor rather too acid for an agreeable dessert apple, but late in the season its acidity becomes modified. It appears to be pretty hardy and a good bearer. When grown on warm soils in Southern New York it may be marketed in September, but in the more northern regions of the state it keeps into the winter. It is perhaps of sufficient merit to be worthy of testing but we are not yet ready to recommend it for general planting.
Historical. This variety is said to have originated from seed in 1856 in the nursery of the Ottolander family at Boskoop (i, 4). Palandt finds that it is identical with the variety described by Lauche and Oberdieck as " Rei- nette von Montfort " (4). It was imported into this country more than twenty-five years ago (5) and has gradually been disseminated to a limited extent in various portions of New York state.
26 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
TREE.
Tree rather large, moderately vigorous ; branches long, moderately stout, crooked ; lateral branches numerous and small. Form open, wide-spreading and drooping. Tungs rather short to long, straight, rather stout; internodes below medium to very long. Bark dark brownish-red, mingled with olive- green; somewhat pubescent. Lenticels numerous, conspicuous, small, oblong or roundish. Buds rather large, broad, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent. Leaves large, broad.
FRUIT.
Fruit large. Form usually oblate, sometimes roundish oblate, obscurely ribbed, sometimes with oblique axis ; pretty uniform in size and shape. Stem usually short and thick, sometimeG rather long. Cavity rather large, acute to acuminate, somewhat furrowed, often irregular, deep, russeted. Calyx large ; segments long or very long, acuminate, closed or somewhat open, sometimes separated at the base. Basin abrupt, rather narrow, mod- erately shallow to rather deep, sometimes slightly furrowed.
Skin dull green or yellowish, sometimes blushed and mottled with rather bright red, and striped with deeper red, roughened with russet flecks, often irregularly overspread with russet. Dots small and gray, mingled with others which are large, irregular and russet.
Calyx tube large, cone-shape. Stamens median to basal.
Core medium to small, somewhat abaxile; cells often unsymmetrical, closed or open; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels roundish or obcordate, a little tufted. Seeds apt to be abortive ; when well developed they are long, irregular, obtuse to acute, somewhat tufted.
Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, somewhat coarse, tender, juicy, crisp, brisk subacid, good to very good.
Season. Commercial season September to November (17). As grown in Western New York generally some of the fruit may be kept till April.
BOUGH SWEET.
This variety is also known as Bough Apple, Large Yellow Bough, Sweet Bough and Summer Sweet Bough. It is listed in the late catalogues of the American Pomological Society1 as Bough, Sweet but most nurserymen list it as Sweet Bough.2 We prefer to recognize the name commonly accepted by nursery- men and accordingly have described the variety under the name Sweet Bough. See page 216.
BRESKOVKA.
REFERENCES, i. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87 :8o. 2. Budd, Can. Hort., 11:246. 1888. 3. Ib., Rural N. Y., 47:692. 1888. 4. Ib., la. Agr. Col. Bui. 1890:17. 5. Ib., la. Sta. Bui, 19:535. 1892. 6. Green, Minn.
1 Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:i2.
2 Bailey, An. Hort. 1882:235, 250.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK, 27
$ta. Bul.f 32:240. 1893. 7. Thomas, 1897:629. 8. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui., 76:34. 1902. g. Budd-Hansen, 1903:56.
SYNONYMS. BRESKOVKA (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). 75^? M (2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9).
A hardy Russian variety of Yellow Transparent type, in season during late August and early September. The flesh quickly discolors as the ripening season advances. It is rather attractive in color for a yellow apple but does not average above medium size and it is not equal to Yellow Trans- parent in either flavor or quality. Not recommended for growing in New York.
BUNKER HILL.
REFERENCE, i. Downing, 1872 .-4 app. fig.
SYNONYMS. None.
This variety has been planted to some extent in Central New York and is regarded by some fruit growers in that region as a profitable commercial sort. The tree is large, upright spreading, vigorous to moderately vigorous with long, spreading, moderately stout twigs. It is hardy, healthy, medium to long-lived and a reliable cropper, usually bearing heavy crops biennially. The fruit is subacid and good either for dessert or culinary uses. It is in season from mid-autumn to early winter.
Historical. Originated in the orchard of Dr. Paige, Dryden, Tompkins county, N. Y. (i).
FRUIT ( i ) .
" Fruit medium, roundish conical, regular ; skin pale whitish-yellow shaded, mottled, striped and splashed with two shades of red, rather thinly over two-thirds of the surface, and moderately sprinkled with light dots, a few being areole; stalk short, slender; cavity medium or large, a little greenish; calyx closed; basin medium, slightly corrugated; flesh quite white, some- times a little stained next the skin, fine, tender, juicy, subacid, vinous, slight quince-like flavor; very good; core rather small."
BUTTER.
REFERENCES, i. Elliott, 1854:125,159,174. 2. Downing, 1857:125. 3. Warder, 1867:392. 4. Downing, 1869:112. 5. Fitz, 1872:152. 6. Thomas, 1875:495. 7. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56:60. 1905.
SYNONYMS. None.
Downing describes a variety under this name which is above medium size, yellow, with whitish flesh, very sweet and rich, valuable for cooking and esteemed for making apple butter; season September and October (2, 4). Other varieties have been known under the name Butter which, as Downing remarks, "appears to be a favorite name with some to apply to any good- sweet apple for sauce or cooking."
The references above cited do not all refer to the same variety.
28 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
CABASHEA.
REFERENCES, i. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1849 :35O- 2« Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:103. 1851. 3. Warder, 1867:714. 4. Thomas, 1875:495. 5. Beach, Apples of New York, 1 191. 1905.
SYNONYMS. CABASHEA (i, 3, 4, 5). Cabashea (2). CABASHIE (2).
The name Cabashea has been applied by many pomologists to the variety commonly known among fruit growers and fruit dealers as Twenty Ounce Pippin (5), an apple which comes in season about with Tompkins King. The variety which is generally known in Western New York as Cabashea comes in season about with the true Twenty Ounce but it is not so good a keeper. In 1851 Emmons published a cut of a section of this Cabashea showing well its characteristically oblate form. Emmons remarked, " This apple is more remarkable for its size than for its valuable qualities. It is not, however, an inferior apple. For cooking it is cer- tainly esteemed, as it has a pleasant and agreeable taste. It is, however, too large." The tree is hardy, healthy, medium to long- lived, and a pretty regular cropper, yielding moderate to rather light crops nearly annually. It is not considered a good commercial variety because it is not sufficiently productive and the fruit does not sell very well.
Historical. This variety appears to be a Western New York seedling (i). It is now seldom or never planted.
TREE.
Tree medium size, moderately vigorous. Form erect or somewhat spread- ing. Twigs medium to long, curved, spreading, stout to rather slender; internodes medium. Bark reddish-brown tinged with olive-green, streaked with scarf-skin, heavily pubescent near tips. Lenticels conspicuous, scat- tering, large, oval, raised. Buds large, broad, obtuse, free, pubescent; tips stout
FRUIT.
Fruit large to very large, fairly uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate to decidely flat, obscurely ribbed; sides somewhat unequal. Stem usually short, moderately slender. Cavity acute, deep, very broad, often somewhat furrowed, much russeted with greenish russet often extending beyond the cavity. Calyx large or sometimes medium, usually closed; lobes long, medium in width, acute. Basin large, deep, wide, somewhat furrowed, unsymmetrical.
1
i
>
CABASHEA
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
29
Skin moderately tender, smooth, slightly unctuous, yellowish-green mottled and blushed with yellowish-red, with broad stripes and splashes of brighter and deeper red. Dots small, inconspicuous, often submerged. Prevailing color in many specimens yellowish-green with broad stripes of faint red; in more highly-colored specimens the red striping becomes quite distinct.
Calyx tube large, wide, conical. Stamens basal.
Core large, decidely abaxile ; cells wide open ; core lines meeting. Car- pels elongated ovate, distinctly concave, slightly tufted. Seeds few, medium size, irregular, plump, obtuse, dark.
Flesh greenish or tinged somewhat with yellow, rather firm, coarse, crisp, juicy, subacid or quite acid, fair for dessert, good for cooking.
Season September and October.
CATHEAD.
REFERENCES, i. Forsyth, 1803:56. 2. Coxe, 1817:133. -fig. 3. Thacher, 1822:122. 4. Floy-Lindley, 1833:48. 5. Downing, 1845:103. 6. Thomas, 1849:179. 7. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:86. 1851. 8. Elliott, 1854:168. 9. Warder, 1867:715. 10. Leroy, 1873:842. fig. n. Hogg, 1884:41.
SYNONYMS. CATHEAD (2, 3, 8). Cathead Greening (5, 6, 8). CATSHEAD (i, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, n). Catshead (4, 10). Catshead Greening (10). Costard (4). Costard Ray (7). Coustard (4). De Seigneur d'Automne (10). Grosse-Schafnase (10). Round Catshead (5, 8, 10). Schafnase (10). Tete d'Ange (10). TETE DE CHAT (10).
Formerly grown in some of the home orchards of the state but now practi- cally obsolete. Fruit very large, pale green, subacid. Used for cooking and evaporating. An old English variety. Ray describe'd it as long ago as 1688 (4).
CELESTIA,
REFERENCES, i. Warder, 1867:530. fig. 2. Downing, 1869:122. 3. Fitz, 1872:173. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:236. 5. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bui, 106:52. 1902. 6. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:114. 1904.
SYNONYMS. None.
Fruit not particularly attractive in color and as tested at this Station not superior to ordinary varieties in quality. Warder says (i) that it is es- sentially an amateur's fruit of very best quality but its texture and color disqualify it for market. The tree is a moderate grower and not very productive. Not recommended for cultivation in New York.
Historical. Originated from seed of Stillwater Sweet by L. S. Mote, Miami county, Ohio (i).
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with short, stout, curved branches. Form up- right spreading, roundish, rather dense. Tivigs short to moderately long, slightly curved, moderately slender; internodes medium to long. Bark clear brownish-red with some olive-green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin ; pubescent. Lenticels numerous, small to medium, elongated or roundish,
30 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
slightly raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse to somewhat acute, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large, usually above medium, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish inclined to conic, somewhat flattened at the base, markedly ribbed, irregular, somewhat angular. Stem medium to long, thick. Cavity obtuse to somewhat acute, moderately deep' to deep, rather broad, somewhat furrowed, usually russeted. Calyx medium in size, usually closed; lobes medium in length, rather narrow, acute. Basin shallow, narrow, rather abrupt, much furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thick, smooth, rather tender, yellow marbled with pale green, and occasionally having a thin brownish blush. Dots numerous, small, incon- spicuous, submerged, light or russet.
Calyx tube very long to medium, deep, funnel-shape. Stamens median to somewhat marginal,
Core large, very abaxile to sometimes axile ; cells open or closed ; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels elliptic to broadly obcordate, much concave, emarginate, much tufted. Seeds large, wide, long, obtuse, dark dull brown.
Flesh very strongly tinged with yellow, rather firm, moderately coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, pleasant, rather mild, subacid, good.
Season October to January.
CHAMPLAIN.
REFERENCES, i. N. E. Farmer, 1853 (cited by 14). 2. Downing, 1857:128. 3. Warder, 1867 -.637. 4. Downing, 1869 :368. fig. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1871:10. 6. Leroy, 1873:828. fig. 7. Thomas, 1875:197,496. 8. Barry, 1883:334. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:245. 10. Ib., 1892:250. u. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:12. 12. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:290. 1901. 13. Budd- Hansen, 1903:61. 14. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56:300. 1905.
SYNONYMS. Calkin's Pippin (4, 14). CHAMPLAIN (i, 2, 3, 5, n, 12, 13, 14). Champlain (4, 6, 7, 8. 14). Geneva Pearmain (4, 6, 14). Haverstraw Pippin (4, 14). Large Golden Pippin (4, 6, 14). Nyack (9, 13). NYACK PIPPIN (9). Nyack Pippin (4, 14). Paper (3, 4, 6, 14). Paper-Skin (3, 14). Sourbough (13). Sour Bough (4, 6, 7, 14). SUMMER PIPPIN (4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 14). Summer Pippin (13,14). Tart Bough (4, 6, 14). Underdunk (4, 6, 14). Vermont (14). Wahvorth (4, 6, 14).
Nurserymen sometimes list this variety as Nyack, and sometimes as Summer Pippin, but seldom or never as Champlain (9, 10). Fruit of good size, smooth and attractive for a greenish-yellow apple. It is good for dessert and excellent for culinary use. Since it ripens in succession from late August till October, more than two pickings are required to secure the crop in good condition, neither too green nor too ripe. The tree is a good grower, hardy,
\
f
CHAMPLAIN
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 31
healthy, and moderately long-lived. It comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable cropper, yielding good crops biennially or almost annually. Some find Champlain a profitable commercial variety, but usually it is grown for home use rather than for market.
Historical. Origin unknown. In 1871 (5) it was included in the list of the American Pomological Society's Catalogue under the name Summer Pippin, but since 1897 it has been listed as Champlain (n). Old trees of it are frequently found in, the home orchards throughout the state. It is now seldom planted.
TREE.
Tree medium to large, vigorous with long and moderately stout branches. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs long to medium, straight, moderately stout ; internodes long. Bark dull brown tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, heavily pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, appressed, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large, not very uniform in size or shape. Form round- ish, rather conical to ovate or somewhat oblong, irregularly ribbed; sides somewhat unequal. Stem medium to long, medium to rather thick. Cavity acuminate to acute, moderately shallow to deep, rather narrow to medium in. width, sometimes furrowed and usually lightly russeted. Calyx small to medium, closed or slightly open. Basin shallow to medium in depth, nar- row, a little abrupt, nearly smooth.
Skin tender, greenish-yellow or pale yellow, often with a light crimson blush. Dots numerous, small, russet or submerged.
Calyx tube conical to funnel-form, usually rather short but sometimes elongated. Stamens median to marginal.
Core large, axile to somewhat abaxile ; cells open; core lines clasp the funnel cylinder. Carpels smooth, elongated ovate, not emarginate. Seeds rather dark brown, medium size, rather narrow and short, plump, sharp pointed, almost acuminate.
Flesh white or with slight tinge of yellow, rather fine, very tender, juicy, sprightly, subacid, good to very good.
Season late August till October.
CHANDLER.
REFERENCES. i. Kenrick, 1835 165. 2. Floy-Lindley, 1846 1410, app. 3. Thomas, 1849:164. 4. Cole, 1849:122. 5. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:67. 1851. 6. Elliott, 1854:168. 7. Downing, 1857:128. 8. Hooper, 1857:24. 9. Warder, 1867:715. 10. Downing, 1869:122. n. Fitz, 1872:169.
SYNONYMS. CHANDLER (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n). Chandler's Red (11). General Chandler (i). Late Chandler (10). Winter Chandler (6).
32 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
In 1854 Elliott included Chandler in a list of varieties unworthy of cultiva- tion (6). It is a late fall apple, yellowish striped with red. Tree moderately vigorous but a great bearer (7, 10). An old variety supposedly of Con- necticut origin though Kenrick (i) ascribes it to Chelmsford, Mass. There may be a confusion of two varieties. It is now but little cultivated.
Waugh describes another Chandler of sweet flavor which seems to be un- known in New York. He states that it is an old variety of Connecticut origin.
FRUIT (5, 6, 7, 10).
Fruit large. Form roundish, slightly oblate, irregular, unsymmetrical ; sides unequal. Stem short.
Skin greenish-yellow, shaded and frequently striped with yellowish-red and with a few streaks of bright red. Dots light gray.
Core small. Seeds small.
Flesh greenish-yellow, tender, juicy, moderately rich, subacid.
Season mid-autumn to early winter.
CHARLAMOFF.
REFERENCES. I. (?) Manning, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 6:349. 1869. 2. Budd, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880:525. 3. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881:53, 156. 4. /&., 1881-82:38. 5. /&., 1883:83. 6. Gibb, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:434. 7. la. Agr. Coll. Bui., 1885:10. 8. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87 77. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 -.236. 10. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:57, 58. ii. Butz, Pa. Sta. Rpt., 1895:134. col. pi. 12. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:16. 13. Budd, la. Sta. Bui., 41 :66. 1899. 14. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Bui., 37:37. 1901. 15. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76:38. 1902. fig. 16. Budd-Hansen, 1903:61. fig.
SYNONYMS. Arabka (14). CHARLAMOFF (2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15). Charlamoff (3). (CHARLOMOSKI, i) ? CHARLAMOVSKOE (4). CHARLAMOW- SKOE (3, 5). CHarlamowskoe (6, 7). No. 105 (8). No. 262 (3, 5). Peter- sons Charlamoff (16). POINTED PIPKA (11). Pointed Pipka (14, 16).
A Russian variety of the Oldenburg type imported for the Iowa Agri- cultural College by J. L. Budd. Macoun states that it has been grown under several different names in this country, the most common being Pointed Pipka and Arabka (14). Hansen declares that it is entirely distinct from the Charlamoff as grown by J. G. Mitchell and A. G. Tuttle which is a flat apple of upright habit of tree and not as valuable as many more of the same season.
It does very well at Ottawa, Canada, and further north. At its best it is a good dessert apple but it has the fault of remaining in prime condition for only a very short time (14). It ripens a little earlier than Oldenburg but as fruited at this Station is inferior to that variety in quality. It comes into bearing young and is a reliable cropper, yielding fair to heavy crops bienni- ally. It is but little known among New York fruit growers. It may be found of some value in those sections of the state where superior hardiness is a prime requisite.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 33
CHEESEBORO,
REFERENCES, i. Mag. Hort., 17:263. 1851. 2. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3: col. pi. No. 20. 1851. 3. Elliott, 1854:168. 4. Downing, 1857:211. 5. Hooper, 1857:25. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1860:243. 7. Warder, 1867:522. 8. Thomas, 1875:496. 9. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:291. 1901. 10. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui. 56 :;o. 1905.
SYNONYMS. Canada Reinette (9). Cathead (9). CHEESEBORO (10). CHEESEBORO'S RUSSET (6). CHEESBOROUGH (7). CHEESEBOROUGH (2, 9). CHEESEBOROUGH RUSSET (i, 3, 4, 5, 8). Cheeseborough Russet (9, 10). For- ever Pippin (10, of some West 3, 5). Howard Russet (3, 4, 5, 10). Kings- bury Russet (3, 4, 5, TO). Oxheart (9). Pumpkin Sweet of some (10). Szveet Russet (10). Forfc Russet (10, of some 3, 5). For/? Russeting (10).
This is an old variety of unknown origin which is fast becoming obsolete. Tree large to very large, very vigorous, long-lived, a reliable dropper yielding good to heavy crops biennially or almost annually ; form upright spreading or roundish. Fruit large to very large, conical, dull green overspread with thin russet, coarse, rather dry, subacid or becoming almost sweet, inferior in flavor and quality, suitable for kitchen use only; season October to early winter.
CHENANGO.
REFERENCES, i. Horticulturist, g -.475. 1854. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1869. 3. Downing, 1869:124. fig. 4. Thomas, 1875:199. 5. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879 :472. 6. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879 :24- 7- Barry, 1883 :337. 8. Wick- son, 1889:244. 9. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:236. ii. Ib., 1892:249. 12. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:132. 13. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui., 45:317. 1896. 14. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:291. 1901. 15. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bui., 130:120. 1901. 16. IV. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1901 76. 17. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76 :39. 1902. 18. Can. Hort., 26 1^45. 1903. figs. 19. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :62. 20. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui., 205 :44. 1903. 21. Bruner, N. C. Sta. Bui., 182 :2O. 1903. 22. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:115. 1904.
SYNONYMS. Buckley (3, 4). CHENANGO (2, 9, 10, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22). CHENANGO STRAWBERRY (i, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 15). Chenango Strawberry (10, n, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22). CHENANGO Strawberry (12). Frank (3, 4). Jackson (3, 4). SHERWOOD'S FAVORITE (11). Sherwood's Favorite (3, 4, 6, 7, 12, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22). Smyrna (3). Strawberry (i, 3, 4).
Fruit beautiful in appearance, yellowish-white striped with red, of excellent dessert quality and good also for culinary uses. The tree is an early and regular bearer, hardy, healthy, and pretty long- lived. Under favorable conditions it is an annual bearer, alter- nating rather light with heavy crops. The fruit begins to mature in September and ripens continuously during a period of several weeks. For this reason it should have more than one picking in order to secure the crop in the best condition. The latest ripening
34 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
fruit may be kept in ordinary storage till November, but after that the color fades and it deteriorates much in quality, even though it may remain apparently sound (22). The fruit does not ship well because its flesh is too tender. Some find it a profitable vari- ety to grow for local or special markets, but other varieties of its season are more desirable than Chenango for general commercial planting. It is recommended as an excellent variety for the home orchard.
Historical. Chenango, according to some accounts, originated in Lebanon, Madison county, N. Y. ; others say that it was early brought into Chenango county by settlers from Connecticut. It has certainly been known in cultiva- tion for more than fifty years (3). It is still propagated by nurserymen but the demand for the stock is quite limited.
TREE.
Tree medium size, vigorous with short, stout, curved branches. Form up- right spreading to roundish, rather dense. Twigs long to medium, curved, moderately slender; internodes medium. Bark olive-green tinged with dull brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin ; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, round, not raised. Buds deeply set in bark, small, flat, obtuse, ap- pressed, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium to large, but under unfavorable conditions it may be small and poorly colored. Form elongated ovate or oblong conic, slightly ribbed. Stem short to medium, moderately thick. Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, narrow, often somewhat furrowed and compressed, usually not russeted. Calyx medium to large, partly open or closed; lobes often separated at the base, long, broad, obtuse. Basin usually small, medium to rather shallow, narrow to moderately wide, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, furrowed, sometimes wrinkled.
Skin rather tough, smooth, glossy, yellowish-white, often almost entirely overspread and mottled with attractive pinkish-red, conspicuously striped and splashed with bright carmine. Dots few, small, inconspicuous, light colored, often submerged.
Calyx tube long, funnel-shape or nearly so. Stamens median.
Core rather large, abaxile ; cells often unsymmetrical, wide open or closed ; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly ovate to oval, smooth. Seeds small, moderately wide, plump, obtuse, not tufted.
Flesh white, moderately firm, tender, juicy, mild subacid, very aromatic, good to very good.
Season latter part of August and through September.
CLAPPER FLAT.
REFERENCE, i. Downing, 1869:127. SYNONYMS. CLAPPER FLAT (i). Flat (i).
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 35-
Downing describes a variety under this name" which originated in the town of Bethlehem, Albany county, N. Y. He states ( i ) that the tree is productive, the fruit above medium size, pale yellow mostly overspread with deep red, pleasant subacid and good in quality for culinary uses ; season September and October. We do not know this variety and have found no account of it except that given by Downing.
CLARKE.
REFERENCES, i. Rural N. Y., 19:375. 1868. 2. Downing, 1869:127. 3. Leroy, 1873:221. fig. 4. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui., 45:317. 1896. 5. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48 :3Q. 1903. 6. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:115. 1904.
SYNONYMS. CLARKE (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Clarke Beauty.
This variety has been grown to a limited extent locally in some portions of Central New York. It is not a good commercial variety, being too tender and too easily bruised. It is very good for dessert. It is sometimes called Clarke Beauty. The tree is hardy, healthy and long-lived. It does not come into bearing very young but when mature is a reliable biennial cropper.
Historical. Originated with J. N. Clarke, Naples, Ontario county, N. Y. (i, 2). It is now rarely propagated.
TREE.
Tree large to medium, vigorous. Form upright spreading to roundish, rather dense. Twigs short, curved, stout; internodes medium. Bark brown- ish and olive-green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin ; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium to large, broad, acute, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large, averaging above medium. Form roundish oblate to oblate conic or to oblong conic, usually faintly ribbed, unsymmetrical ; not very uniform in shape. Stem short to medium in length, slender. Cavity acuminate, deep, rather narrow to moderately wide, usually partly russeted and often with narrow, broken, outspreading russet rays. Calyx small to rather large, closed or slightly open. Basin rather shallow to moderately deep, rather narrow, obtuse to moderately abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thin, smooth, waxy, pale whitish-yellow or greenish, often faintly shaded with orange-red or sometimes blushed with crimson ; under some conditions the fruit develops but a slight blush or none. Dots numerous, small, pale or russet, often submerged.
Calyx tube cone-shape.
Core medium to rather large, abaxile; cells open; core lines slightly clasp- ing. Carpels broadly roundish, mucronate, slightly tufted. Seeds medium to rather large, moderately wide, plump, obtuse to acute, slightly tufted, rather light brown.
36 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Flesh whitish, firm, moderately fine, crisp, tender, juicy, rather sprightly subacid, good to very good.
Season October to January ; some portion of the fruit may keep till spring but by January it begins to deteriorate in flavor and quality.
CLYDE.
REFERENCES, i. Barry, 1851:283. 2. Elliott, 1854:127. 3. Downing, 1857: 129. 4. Hoffy, N. A. Pomol, 1860. col. pi. 5. Warder, 1867:694. fig. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1875:6. 7. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880:596. 8. Mo. Hort.'Soc. Rpt., 1884. 9. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:236. n. Thomas, 1897:259. 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903:65.
SYNONYMS. CLYDE (3, 8, 9, 10). CLYDE BEAUTY (i, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, n). CLYDE Beauty (12). Mackie's Clyde Beauty (2, 3, 4, n).
A large, late fall apple. So far as we can learn it is now but little grown in this state. Lyon reports that in Michigan the tree is vigorous, upright, very productive, and the fruit desirable for market (9).
Historical. This is a late autumn variety which originated with Mr, Mackie, of Clyde, Wayne county (3,4).
TREE.
Tree vigorous, spreading. Twigs reddish-brown.
FRUIT.
Fruit large. Form roundish to oblong conic, more or less ribbed. Stem short, sometimes fleshy. Cavity acute, deep, rather wide, furrowed. Calyx small, closed. Basin medium in depth, somewhat abrupt, furrowed.
Skin waxy, green or yellow, washed and mottled with dull red and striped with carmine becoming bright red on the exposed side.
Core large and open. Seeds small, brown. Flesh white, often tender, juicy, sprightly, pleasant subacid, good to very good.
Season October to December.
COLLAMER.
The Collamer or Collamer Twenty Ounce is a sport of the Twenty Ounce, from which it differs in being more highly colored. As compared with Twenty Ounce, it is less mottled and striped but more completely covered with red, which often extends in an unbroken blush over a considerable portion of the fruit. In the Twenty Ounce this is seldom or never seen, but the red is mottled or appears in heavy stripes and splashes. So far as we have been able to determine, Collamer is more regular in shape and, if ribbed at all, is less distinctly ribbed than Twenty Ounce. The tree dif-
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 37
fers from Twenty Ounce in that the bark of the young twigs is more distinctly tinged with red. The fruit being more attractive than Twenty Ounce, Collamer is worthy of consideration for com- mercial planting where an apple of the Twenty Ounce type is desired.
Except in the points of difference above noted, Collamer appears to be identical with Twenty Ounce, and the reader is referred to the description of that variety for a technical account of the tree and fruit.
Historical. This variety originated as a sport of the Twenty Ounce tree in the orchard of J. B. Collamer, Hilton, N. Y. Mr. Collamer began propa- gating it about 1900.
COLTON.
REFERENCES, i. Amer. Card., 12:573. 1891- figs. 2. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:237. 3. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:132. 4. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 15:271. 1896. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:16. 6. Bruner, N. C. Sta. Bui., 182 :20. 1903. 7. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui, 205 -.44. 1903. 8. Budd- Hansen, 1903 -.67.
SYNONYMS. COLTON (i, 2, 3, 4, 7). COLTON Early (5, 6, 8). Early Co It on (i).
Colton is a green or yellowish apple of fair to good quality, in season from the last of July to early September. The tree is a good grower, hardy, comes into bearing moderately young and yields good crops biennially.
Historical. Colton is said to have originated on the farm of Mr. Colton, Rowe, Franklin county, Mass., where it has been propagated since about 1840 under the name Early Colton (i).
TREE.
Tree large, vigorous with moderately long, stout, crooked branches. Form rather upright when young but eventually flat, spreading and open. Twigs moderately long, straight, moderately stout; internodes short. Bark dark brown, heavily mottled with scarf-skin ; much pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, rather conspicuous, medium to large, oblong, raised. Buds medium to large, broad, plump, acute, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium in size. Form roundish, narrowing toward either end, slightly ribbed. Stem medium in length, stout. Cavity small, acute to slightly acuminate, shallow, narrow. Calyx' medium in size, nearly closed ; lobes long, rather recurved. Basin small, shallow, obtuse, wrinkled.
Skin pale greenish-yellow, sometimes with a shade or red. Dots numerous, large, greenish.
Calyx tube elongated funnel-form. Stamens median.
38 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Core medium to rather large, somewhat abaxile; cells open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish.
Flesh whitish, rather coarse, crisp, juicy, mild subacid, fair to good. Season last of July to early September.
COLVERT.
REFERENCES, i. Warder, 1867:427. 2. Downing, 1869:131. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1875:6. 4. Thomas, 1885:506. 5. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 6. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:237. 7. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I.< Bui., 48:39. 1903.
SYNONYMS. COLVERT (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). Prussian (2).
Ripens about with Twenty Ounce. It is inferior to that variety in size, color and quality, and is not as good a seller, but is more productive. The fruit is large, uniform in size, yellowish-green shaded and lightly striped with pinkish-red on the sunny side, smooth, showy and fairly attractive. It needs to be picked early to prevent loss from dropping. It is not a good keeper and is not much in demand among buyers, but sometimes it sells pretty well.
The tree is generally hardy, healthy and an excellent cropper. It generally succeeds well on any good apple land.
Historical. Origin uncertain (2). It has long been known and pretty widely disseminated but it is not much grown in New York. Even in those localities where it is best known the trees of this variety constitute less than one per cent of the orchards.
TREE.
Tree medium size to large, moderately vigorous to vigorous; branches long, medium stout, curved, crooked. Form upright spreading or roundish, open. Twigs above medium to long, usually nearly straight, moderately stout ; internodes medium. Bark rather dark brownish-red, shaded with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scatter- ing, medium, oblong, raised. Buds medium to large, broad, prominent, very plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. Leaves medium in size, broad.
FRUIT.
Fruit averages large, fairly uniform in size but rather variable in shape. Form oblate to oblate conic, obscurely ribbed, irregular and with sides sometimes unequal. Stem short, rather thick. Cavity acute to slightly acumi- nate, medium to nearly deep, medium in width to sometimes broad, usually very heavily russeted, sometimes compressed and frequently lipped. Calyx medium, closed or slightly open; lobes short, narrow, acuminate. Basin abrupt, medium in depth, narrow, slightly furrowed.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 39
Skin very thick, rather tough, rather dull greenish-yellow, sometimes partly washed with red and striped and splashed with carmine. Dots incon- spicuous, small, usually submerged ; a few scattering ones are large and russet. Prevailing color greenish-yellow, not particularly attractive.
Calyx tube broadly conical to funnel-shape. Stamens median to basal.
Core axile, small; cells closed or partly open. Carpels broad-cordate, emarginate, tufted. Seeds large to above medium, wide, rather long, plump, acute ; frequently they are abortive.
Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, nearly coarse, crisp, moderately tender, juicy, subacid, good.
Season October to January or February. '
CONSTANTINE.
REFERENCES, i. Leroy, 1873:335. fig. 2. Budd, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880:524. 3. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881:155. 4. Hogg, 1884:95. 5. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:14. 6. Ib., 14:86. 1888. 7. Hos- kins, Rural N. Y., 51 :682. 1892. fig.
SYNONYMS. Berry Apple (7). CONSTANTINE (2, 3). GRAND Due CON- STANTIN (i). GRAND DUKE CONSTANTINE (4, 5, 6, 7). Grand Duke Con- stantine (2, 3). No. 457 (7). Riabinouka (7).
This fruit is of the Aport type and very closely resembles Alex- ander. The flesh is rather coarse, subacid and fair to good in quality. Some hold that it is rather better in flavor than Alexander. As grown at this Station, the fruit, as compared with that of Alex- ander, begins to ripen about a week later and continues longer in season. The trees are not so large and may be planted more closely together than those of Alexander. It is a reliable cropper, yielding good crops biennially or nearly annually. The percentage of marketable fruit is greater than that of Alexander because there are fewer drops, the apples are less apt to show cracks about the calyx and stem and the skin is less often discolored by chafing against the branches. We are not sure that it is as good a variety for commercial planting as Alexander, but it appears to be worthy of testing where a variety of the Alexander type is desired.
TREE.
Tree small to below medium size, at first moderately vigorous but with age it becomes a slow grower with short, stout, curved branches. Form spreading, open. Twigs moderately long, curved, slender; internodes long. Bark brown with some olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin ; pubes- cent near tips. Lenticels scattering, medium to small, oblong, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
4o THE APPLES OF NEW YORI<.
FRUIT.
Fruit large or very large. Form roundish conic flat at the base, varying to oblate conic, regular or somewhat ribbed, symmetrical. Stem below medium to long, rather slender to moderately thick. Cavity large, acumi- nate or acute, very deep, broad, symmetrical, russeted and with outspread- ing rays of greenish-russet. Calyx medium to rather large, usually some- what open ; lobes medium in width and length, acute. Basin narrow to medium in width, moderately deep to deep, abrupt, smooth or slightly wrinkled.
Skin thick, tough, smooth, waxy, clear greenish-yellow or whitish, mottled, marbled and blushed with bright red over nearly the whole surface with wide broken stripes of carmine radiating from the cavity, overspread with thin bloom. Dots whitish or pale russet. Prevailing effect bright red.
Calyx tube long, wide, funnel-shape or conical. Stamens median or below.
Core medium size, somewhat abaxile; cells open or partly closed; core lines somewhat clasping. Carpels broadly ovate or approaching cordate, emarginate. Seeds medium or below, moderately wide, short, thick, plump, obtuse, dark brown.
Flesh whitish, moderately firm, coarse, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, fair to good ; suitable for culinary use and market.
Season late September to November.
COOPER.
/
REFERENCES, i. Horticulturist, 1:339,484. 1847. 2. Mag. Hort.', 13:105, 200. 1847. 3. Cole, 1849:114. fig. 4. Thomas, 1849:147. 5. Barry, 1851 :283. 6. Horticulturist, 6:181. 1851. 7. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. ¥., 3:104. 1851. fig. 8. Elliott, 1854:127. 9. Gregg, 1857:41. 10. Hooper, 1857:26, 106, 109.
11. Downing, 1857:130. 12. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 13. Warder, 1867:428. fig. 14. Lyon, Mich.. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. ,15. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :237. 16. Budd-Hansen, 1903 -.67.
SYNONYMS. Beauty Red (8, n). COOPER (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n,
12, 13, 14, 15, 16). Lady Washington (8, n). Seek-No-Further of seme, erroneously (8).
Fruit large, uniform, very attractive, rather light yellow indistinctly streaked with mixed red, mild subacid or nearly sweet, season October to December. The tree is very vigorous, upright spreading. Not recom- mended for planting in New York.
Historical. This is an old variety of unknown origin. In 1796 it was introduced from Connecticut into Ohio where it has been much esteemed (2). 'Evidently it has never been cultivated to any considerably extent in this State and is now practically unknown to New York fruit growers.
CORNELL.
REFERENCES. i. Downing, 1857:131. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 3. Warder, 1867:716. 4. Thomas, 1875:200. 5. Barry, 1883:337. 6. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 7. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:237. 8. Van
\
CONSTANTINE
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 41
Deman, Rural N. Y., 61 167 1. 1902. fig. 9. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui, 205:44. 1903. 10. Budd-Hansen, 1903:67.
SYNONYMS. CORNELL (6, 8, 9). CORNELL FANCY (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7). Cornell Fancy (8). CORNELL Fancy (10). Cornell's Favourite (i).
Fruit usually of good medium size, sometimes large, waxen yellow and red, agreeable for dessert, in season from early September to November. The tree sometimes lacks vigor and productiveness (9).
Historical. Origin Pennsylvania (i). It is but little known in New York.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium to large, uniform in size, somewhat variable in shape. Form roundish conic to oblate conic, often quite strongly ribbed, irregular ; sides usually unequal. Stem medium to rather long and slender. Cavity moderately deep to deep, moderately wide, often compressed, sometimes lipped, sometimes russeted, with the russet extending beyond the cavity. Calyx below medium to rather large, closed or slightly open ; lobes some- times separated at the base, often upright, moderately acute. Basin deep, wide, rather abrupt, strongly furrowed, slightly wrinkled.
Skin moderately thick, tough, smooth, clear pale waxen yellow, partly overspread with thin attractive pinkish-red, often quite regularly splashed and striped with bright carmine. Dots conspicuous, variable, often large, irregular, russet or areolar with russet center, varying to small, light colored and submerged. Prevailing effect handsome red striped over clear yellow.
Caly.v tube rather large, rather short, conical. Stamens median.
Core below medium, variable, nearly axile to decidedly abaxile; cells variable, open or closed ; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels broadly ovate, slightly emarginate, sometimes tufted. Seeds numerous, rather large, dark brown, rather narrow, long, plump, acute to acuminate, sometimes tufted.
Flesh tinged with yellow, often affected with " Baldwin Spot," firm, mod- erately coarse, crisp, moderately tender, juicy, agreeable, mild subacid, aromatic, rich, sprightly, very good.
Season early September to November.
CORNER.
REFERENCE, i. Heiges, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1894:18. SYNONYMS. None.
We have neither seen Corner nor received any report concerning it. The following account of it was given in 1894 by S. B. Heiges, then United States Pomologist (i).
" Size above medium ; oblate ; cavity wide, deep, marked by russet netting ; stem one-half inch, medium diameter ; basin, medium, regular, marked by russet; calyx segments with mammiform bases, wide, long, converging or slightly reflexed ; surface moderately smooth ; color yellow, washed with red and striped with crimson; dots numerous, russet, some with dark centers, depressed ; flesh yellowish, moderately fine grained, tender, mod- erately juicy; core large, wide, clasping, closed; flavor mild subacid; quality very good. Season early winter. Well known locally in Orange county, N. Y."
42 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
COX ORANGE.
REFERENCES, i. Horticulturist, 13:168. 1858. 2. Downing, 1869:135. 3. Leroy, 1873:517. fig. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1881 :8. 5. Hogg, 1884:55. 6. Thomas, 1885 1507. 7. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 -.237. 8. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:356. 9. Willard, Rural N. Y., 58:754. 1899. 10. Thomas, Garden, 59:34. 1901. figs.
SYNONYMS. Cos Orange (3). Cox ORANGE (8). Cox's Orange (3). Cox's ORANGE PIPPIN (i, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10). Cox's Orange Pippin (3). ORANGE DE Cox (3). Reinette Orange de Cox (3).
One of the best in quality of the English dessert apples ; in season from late September to early winter. The fruit is of medium size or above medium, red and yellow. When highly col- ored it is attractive, with the red predominant. The tree is a moderate grower and productive. It is well adapted for growing on dwarf stock, either Paradise or Doucin. It is not recommended for commercial planting, but it is a desirable variety for the home orchard.
Historical. Cox Orange is said to have originated in 1830 from seed of Ribston, at Colnbrook Lawn near Slough, Bucks, England (5). It is some- times propagated by American nurserymen but it has never been extensively planted in this country and its cultivation is not increasing.
TREE.
Tree medium size or above, moderately vigorous with rather slender branches. Form upright, thickly branched, dense. Tivigs long to medium, rather slender, irregularly crooked; internodes medium or below. Bark olive-green somewhat mottled with reddish-brown, slightly pubescent. Lenti- cels numerous, conspicuous, medium size, oblong, raised. Buds medium size to rather small, roundish, obtuse, appressed, pubescent. Leaves small to medium size and inclined to be narrow.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium or above, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate, sometimes slightly inclined to conic, regular or faintly ribbed, sym- metrical, axis sometimes oblique. Stem usually obliquely inclined, short, thick, sometimes long. Cavity obtuse to somewhat acuminate, rather shallow to moderately deep, rather narrow, often somewhat russeted. Calyx rather small, closed or partly open. Basin rather shallow and obtuse to moderately deep and abrupt, rather narrow to moderately wide, smooth or slightly furrowed.
Skin rather thin, tough, smooth, attractive, washed with orange- red deepen- ing to bright red and mottled and splashed with carmine, over a deep yellow background. Dots conspicuous, large, areolar with pale gray or russet center.
Calyx tube cone-shape or funnel-form. Stamens median to basal.
COX ORANGE
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 43
Core medium size, somewhat abaxile; cells usually symmetrical, open or closed; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels thin, obovate to obcordate, emarginate, usually smooth. Seeds reddish-brown, above medium size, wide, obtuse to acute, often abortive.
Flesh yellow, firm, nearly fine, crisp, tender, very juicy, rich, sprightly subacid or becoming mild subacid, decidedly aromatic, very good to best.
Season late September to January.
CRANBERRY PIPPIN.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1845:106. 2. Thomas, 1849:179. 3. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:88. 1851. 4. Elliott, 1854:169. 5. Warder, 1867:402. 6. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 7. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:237. 8. Amer. Card., 16:425. 1895. 9- Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 2:9. 1895. fig. 10. Ib., 3:6. 1896. fig. ii. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Bui., 37:43. 1901. 12. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:116. 1904.
SYNONYMS. None.
In some sections this has proved a desirable apple, but in others it has not been successful. It is well known in some localities in the Hudson valley, in Northern and Western New York and in Ontario, where it is favorably regarded as a fall or early winter apple because of its good size, bright and attractive color and its uniform size and shape. It is a good storage apple, stands shipping well and brings good prices. It is suitable for market, cooking and evaporating, but not for dessert. It appears to be quite resistant to the attacks of scab. The trees are hardy and often very productive, but in some cases it is reported as undesirable because unproductive. It is said to be a shy bearer when young, but becomes productive with age.
Historical. Originated near Hudson, Columbia county (i).
TREE.
Tree large, very vigorous ; branches stout, spreading. Form upright be- coming somewhat spreading. Twigs long, moderately stout, light grayish- brown, quite pubescent; internodes short. Bark dull reddish-brown with some olive-green and thickly mottled with scarf-skin. Lenticels scattering medium to small, usually roundish. Buds medium or sometimes small, rather broad, deeply set, obtuse or sometimes acute, pubescent, appressed. Leaves dark green, broad, medium to large ; foliage rather dense.
FRUIT.
Fruit large. Form roundish oblate, symmetrical. Stem short. Cavity broad, wavy. Calyx closed or somewhat open. Basin moderately deep, rus- seted. Skin smooth, shining, clear light yellow, handsomely blushed, striped
44 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
and splashed with scarlet. Dots many, large, often red areolar with russet center. General appearance beautiful and attractive. Flesh white or with slight yellowish tinge, moderately juicy, mild subacid.
Season October to February. In the vicinity of its origin its season closes from a month to six weeks earlier than either Hubbardston or Tompkins King. In Northern New York and Ontario its season is late fall and early winter and often extends to midwinter.
CREAM.
REFERENCES, i. N. E. Farmer, 1831 (cited by 3). 2. Downing, 1869:137. 3. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56 182. 1905. SYNONYMS. None.
This variety originated in Queens county, N. Y. So far as we know it is no longer cultivated. Downing describes the tree as a vigorous grower and an early bearer and the fruit as medium or below, yellowish, fine-grained, pleasant, sweet, in season in September and October. Valued by some for dessert and culinary uses.
CROW EGG.
REFERENCES, i. Kenrick, 1832:43. 2. Downing, 1857:211. 3. Warder, 1867:716. 4. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45:318. 1896. SYNONYMS. CROW EGG (2). CROW'S EGG (i, 3, 4). Egg Jop? (2).
A sweet apple which is still occasionally found in very old orchards but is now practically obsolete. Some esteem it highly for dessert. Downing calls it not very good in quality (2). The old trees are productive.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading; top roundish, open; branches long, slender, crooked. Twigs medium in size, curved, slender ; internodes very short. Bark reddish-brown, streaked with scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticcls numerous, very small, oblong. Buds small, plump, obtuse, deeply set in the bark. Leaves medium in size, narrow.
FRUIT.
Fruit about medium in size. Form roundish to oblong or ovate. Stem long, slender. Cavity obtuse to sometimes acute, shallow, medium in width, symmetrical or obscurely furrowed, bright green or sometimes with out- spreading russet. Calyx small to medium, closed. Basin small, shallow, narrow, somewhat abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin tough, nearly smooth, bright pale yellow or greenish sometimes with faint bronze blush. Dots numerous, very small but conspicuous, russet.
Calyx tube rather .small, funnel-shape or cone-shape. Stamens median.
Core large, abaxile ; cells usually symmetrical and open ; core lines clasp- ing the funnel cylinder or meeting when the tube is conical. Carpels ovate, nearly smooth. Seeds numerous, rather light brown, flat, acute to acuminate.
Flesh whitish, firm, crisp, tender, rather juicy, sweet, agreeably flavored, good to very good.
Season October and November.
f
CRANBERRY PIPPIN
CRANBERRY PIPPIN
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 45
CZAR THORN.
REFERENCES. I. Montreal Hort. Soc. Kept., 1881 153. 2. Ib., 1883 75- 3- la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883 .-430. 4- Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1885 7. 5. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:44. 6. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:57. 7. Beach, W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Kept., 1896:50. 8. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui., 76:43- 1902. fig.
SYNONYMS. CZAR THORN (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Czar Thorn (2). Czarskui Schip (4). No. 140 M (8). No. 206 (4, 5, 8). Tars Thorn (i). Tsarskui Schip (5). Zarskischip (7). ZARSKI SCHIP (2). Zar ski Schip (3). ZARSKI ZARS (i).
A Russian apple of medium size, roundish conic, green and yellow usually shaded and striped with crimson ; flesh rather coarse, sweet, hardly fair in quality; season September; not valuable.
DEADERICK,
REFERENCES, i. U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1895:22. 2. Watts, Tenn. Sta. Bui, 1:11. 1896. fig. 3. Taylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1897:37. SYNONYMS. Ben Ford (2). DEADERICK (i, 2, 3). Ozark Pippin (2).
A good-sized green apple, of somewhat better color than Rhode Island Greening, but it does not keep as well, and is inferior to that variety in quality. The tree is a strong grower, healthy, and so far as tested here comes into bearing young and gives promise of being very productive. It has not been on trial long enough to indicate whether or not it has sufficient merit to be considered a promising variety for this state. In Tennessee it is considered a very valuable early winter apple (2).
Historical. Originated with Benjamin Ford, Washington county, Tenn. It was first disseminated as Ozark Pippin (2).
TREE.
Tree rather vigorous. Form spreading and somewhat upright. Twigs moderately stout, nearly straight ; internodes short. Bark bright brownish- red. Lenticels roundish, often conspicuous, scattering, small. Buds medium size, appressed, obtuse, short, pubescent. Leaves medium size, somewhat narrow ; often the base of the petioles is conspicuously streaked with red.
FRUIT.
Fruit large. Form broadly roundish, often rather conical, sometimes broadly ribbed, pretty regular, uniform. Stem medium to rather long, slender. Cavity large, acute to acuminate, deep, broad, usually smooth and symmetrical, sometimes slightly furrowed, occasionally prominently lipped. Calyx small, partly open or closed ; lobes rather narrow, acute. Basin small, shallow, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, nearly smooth, a little wrinkled.
46 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Skin moderately thick, tough, smooth, rather bright green becoming yellow, usually partly covered with a thin pinkish-red blush upon which there are often seen red, areolar dots with russet or whitish center ; commonly the dots are whitish and often submerged. Prevailing color green or yellowish.
Calyx tube long, funnel-form. Stamens median to nearly marginal..
Core a little abaxile, medium to small; cells symmetrical, open or nearly so ; core lines clasp the base of the cylinder. Carpels thin, generally smooth, broadly roundish, narrowing toward the base, slightly emarginate. Seeds numerous, medium or above, rather wide, obtuse.
Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately coarse, tender, rather juicy, pleasant sub- acid, good.
Season October to January.
DETROIT RED.
REFERENCES. i. Mag. Hort., 10:167. 1844. 2. Downing, 1845:106. 3. Horticulturist, 1:361. 1846. 4. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1846:192. 5. Thomas, 1849:164. 6. Cole, 1849:115. 7. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:65. 1851. fig., col. pi. 8. Elliott, 1854:130. 9. Downing, 1857:134. 10. Warder, 1867:532. fig. n. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 12. Wickson, 1889:245. 13. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 14. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:237. 15. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:291. 1901.
SYNONYMS. Black Apple of some (2, 9). BLACK DETROIT (5, 7). Black Detroit (2, 8). Crimson Pippin (6, 8, of some 2). DETROIT (i, 2, 4, 6, 8). Detroit (9). DETROIT BLACK (10). DETROIT RED (3, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15). Detroit Red? (10).
Fruit growers in Western New York have commonly used the names Detroit Red and Detroit Black interchangeably for the remarkably variable variety w-hich we are here describing as Detroit Red. We have been unable to determine whether there are ir fact two distinct varieties of this type, or whether the differences which have been observed in the habit of growth and productive- ness of the tree and in the form, size, general appearance, season and quality of the fruit, are altogether due to differences in the conditions under which the fruit has been produced. Speaking of these two names, Warder, in 1867, wrote, " I have put these two names together because the fruits presented as Black and as Red Detroit are so very much alike in all respects that it is not worth while to consider them distinct. * * * The Red variety may be distinct, as it keeps later."
Lyon (13) recognized two or more varieties of this type and distinguished them by the names Detroit Black and Detroit Red. Speaking of Detroit Red, he remarks : " There are probably several
DETROIT RED
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 47
varieties grown under this name, none of them valuable ;" and of The Detroit Black he says : " Unproductive, showy, valueless ; it is probably the Detroit Red of Downing."
D. D. Stone, of Oswego, writes :l ' It seems to me that the two are not the same. Detroit Black seems to be more of a scrubby grower, the shape, size, firmness and color seem to be more con- stant and it does not crack so badly as the one we know as Detroit Red, but the season appears to be the same."
Detroit Red, or as it is often called, Detroit Black, as usually grown in Western New York, varies from medium to very large, commonly averaging about medium size. It is flattened at the ends, very dark crimson or purplish, becoming almost black, with snow-white flesh occasionally streaked with rose- pink. It is esteemed by many for dessert use because of its mild, pleasant flavor. There is considerable loss from premature dropping of the fruit and from fruit that is too small or too ill- shapen for market. It is quite variable in keeping qualities, being commonly in season about with Maiden Blush. The tree is a mod- erate grower, comes into bearing rather young, and is not a very reliable cropper. Some report that it is a shy bearer; others that it yields moderate to full crops biennially.
Historical. This is supposed to have been brought into the neighborhood of Detroit by the early French settlers and thence disseminated (i, 2, 4, 8). It was introduced into Ohio and Western New York before the middle of the last century. The variety is still sometimes listed by nurserymen (14). Its cultivation in New York state is declining and it is now seldom planted.
TREE.
Tree medium or eventually large, moderately vigorous to vigorous. Form upright spreading or roundish. Twigs medium to long, moderately slender, dark brown.
FRUIT.
Fruit very large to medium. Form oblate conic varying to roundish oblate, often strongly ribbed, irregular. Stem short, usually rather slender. Cavity often very large, acute to nearly acuminate, deep, moderately broad to very broad, frequently compressed, usually thinly russeted. Calyx variable, usu- ally large, closed or somewhat open; lobes short, broad, rather obtuse. Basin medium in width and depth, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, irregularly furrowed and wrinkled and often with mammiform protuberances.
1 Letter, 1904.
48 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Skin thick, rather tough, dark crimson, largely striped and splashed with purplish-carmine eventually becoming almost black, sometimes having a por- tion of the greenish-yellow ground color exposed. Dots numerous, conspicu- ous, very small, pale or russet.
Calyx tube rather short, wide, broadly conical. Stamens median to basal.
Core medium to large, axile; cells closed; core lines meeting or clasping. Carpels roundish to elliptical, rather flat, usually tufttd. Seeds rather large, plump, obtuse to acute, moderately light brown.
Flesh white, sometimes streaked or stained with red, rather coarse, tender, juicy, agreeable mild subacid, very aromatic, good to very good.
Season last of September to December.
DUCHESS OF OLDENBURG.
This variety is often called Duchess or Duchess of Oldenburg, but the name now accepted for it by pomologists is Oldenburg, under which name it is described on page 150.
DUDLEY.
REFERENCES, i. Me. Sta. Rpt., 1891 -.97. 2. U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1891 1390. 3. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:245. 4. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:132. 5. Hos- kins, Amer. Card., 14:299. 1893. 6. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1902:83, 91. 7. Budd-Hansen, 1903:71. 8. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1903:95.
SYNONYMS. DUDLEY (2, 6, 8). DUDLEY WINTER (i, 4). DUDLEY Winter (7). Dudley's Winter (6). NORTH STAR (3, 5). North Star (6, 7, 8).
A very hardy and productive variety which is being planted to a considerable extent in Northern New England. The fruit is pretty large, bright greenish-yellow washed and splashed with red, quite attractive in appearance and. good in quality. Munson says that it is perhaps now more widely grown than any other of the newer sorts that have originated in New England. He considers it a valuable acquisition as a winter fruit for northern localities (6). As fruited at Geneva it is in season in September and October, although it may sometimes be kept into the winter. It is recom- mended for trial particularly where a very hardy apple of its season is desired.
Historical. A seedling of the Oldenburg, which originated with J. W. Dudley, Castle Hill, Aroostook county, Me. (i, 6). A few years ago it was introduced by a Rochester nursery under the name North Star but it was afterward found that this name had already been given to another variety and therefore the name Dudley Winter was retained for it, which, according to the accepted rules of nomenclature is shortened to Dudley.
DUDLEY (Reduced Size)
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 49
TREE.
Tree small, moderately vigorous to vigorous; branches short, moderately stout. Form very spreading and drooping, rather dense. Twigs below medium length to short, almost straight, moderately stout to rather slender; internodes short to medium. Bark brown tinged with clear bright red, with but little or no scarf-skin and but slightly pubescent. Lenticels rather con- spicuous, clear in color, scattering, medium in size, oblong, raised. Buds medium or above, rather prominent, plump, obtuse to acute, free or nearly so, somewhat pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large, uniform. Form roundish conic to roundish oblate, symmetrical. Stem long, rather thick. Cavity acute to almost acuminate, rather deep, broad, sometimes lightly russeted, obscurely furrowed. Calyx medium to large, open or partly closed. Basin decidedly abrupt, moderately deep to deep, moderately broad, obscurely furrowed, wrinkled.
Skin thin, tender, smooth, bright pale yellow or whitish mostly covered with a bright pinkish-red blush striped and splashed with bright carmine and covered with light bloom. Dots scattering, light, small. General appearance red or red striped pver contrasting yellow, attractive.
Calyx tube long, moderately wide, funnel-shape or sometimes conical. Stamens median to marginal.
Core almost axile, medium or below ; cells closed or partly open ; core lines clasping or nearly so. Carpels broadly elliptical, not emarginate, slightly tufted. Seeds large, wide, long, somewhat flat, obtuse to acute, dull dark brown.
Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, crisp, nearly fine-grained, tender, very juicy, aromatic, brisk subacid eventually becoming mild, very good.
Season September and October or sometimes later.
DYER.
REFERENCES, i. Kenrick, 1835 :6o. 2. Mag. Hort., 3 :37- 1837. 3. Downing, 1845:83. 4. Horticulturist, 2:289. 1847. 5. Cole, 1849:111. 6. Thomas, 1849:153. fig. 7. Barry, 1851:283, 286. 8. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:39. 1851. 9. Elliott, 1854:75. 10. Hooper, 1857:30. n. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 27:70. 1861. fig. 12. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 13. Warder, 1867 :639. fig. 14. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 15. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:238. 16. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76 :47. 1902. 17. Budd-Hansen, 1903 72. fig.
SYNONYMS. Bard Apple (9, n). Beard Burden (9, n). Bullripe (9, u). Coe's Spice (n). DYER (i, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17). Dyer (4> 5, 7)- Golden Spice (9, n). Mygatt's Bergamot (9, n). POMME ROYAL (2). Pomme Royal (6, 8, 9, 10, n, 14, 16, 17). POMME ROY ALE (4, 5- 7). Pomme Royale (3, 13). Pomme Roye (4). Pomme Water (9, n). Pommewater in 111. (13). Smithfield Spice (3, 5, 10, n). Tomp- kins (9, n). White Spice (9, n). Woodstock (i).
One of the very finest dessert apples but not a good commercial variety (14). The fruit is of medium size, greenish-yellow with a shade of red. The crop does not ripen evenly and it requires more than one picking. It comes in
5o THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
season late in August or early in September and ripens continuously until midautumn. The tree is vigorous in the nursery but does not grow to be a large tree in the orchard. It succeeds better When topworked upon some hardier vigorous stock such as Tolman Sweet or Northern Spy. It is not long-lived but comes into bearing rather young and yields good crops biennially.
Historical. This variety has been supposed by some to be of French origin and was formerly known as Pomme Royale, but Hovey believed it to be an American apple (n). It was known in cultivation in Rhode Island during the Revolutionary War (4). It was named Dyer by the Massachusetts Hor- ticultural Society more than fifty years ago and has retained that name. It is still occasionally listed by nurserymen (15). It is but little cultivated in New York and is now seldom, if ever, planted in this state.
FRUIT (3, 9, n, 13).
Fruit medium or sometimes large. Form roundish, slightly oblate, regular or obscurely ribbed. Stem medium to long, slender. Cavity rather small, acute, moderately deep to deep, sometimes lipped. Calyx small, closed; lobes short to rather long, recurved. Basin medium to small, shallow to moderately deep, furrowed.
Skin smooth, clear pale yellow or greenish, more or less flecked and mar- bled with thin russet with a brownish blush on one cheek. Dots dark or russet.
Core medium size ; cells open or closed ; core lines clasping. Seeds numer- ous, plump, short, medium to small, pale.
Flesh yellowish-white, fine, very crisp, tender, aromatic, sprightly, mild subacid, highly flavored, very good to best.
Season September and October.
EARLY HARVEST.
REFERENCES, i. Amer. Card. Cal, 1806:584. 2. Coxe, 1817:101. fig. 3. Thacher, 1822:129. 4. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:476. 5. Wilson, 1828:136. 6. Fessenden, 1828:131. 7. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :No. 355. 8. Kenrick, 1832 -.26. g. Floy-Lindley, 1833 184. 10. Mag. Hort., i -.362. 1835. "• Manning, 1838:45. 12. /&., Mag. Hort., 7:51. 1841. 13. Down- ing, 1845 -.72. fig. 14. French, • Horticulturist, 1 1256. 1846. 15. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:115. 1848. fig. 16. Cole, 1849:97. fig. 17. Walker, Mag. Hort., 15:165. 1849. 18. Thomas, 1849:142. 19. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:16. 1851. 20. Barry, 1851:280. 21. Hovey, 1:75. 1851. col. pi. and fig. 22. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 23. Elliott, 1854:84. fig. 24. Hooper, 1857: 31, 107, in. 25. Gregg, 1857:36. fig. 26. Warder, 1867:403. fig. 27. Fitz, 1872:143, 160, 172. 28. Downing, 1872:10 index, app. 29. Ib., 1881:11 index, app. 30. Hogg, 1884:67. 31. Wickson, 1889:243. 32. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 33. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:238. 34. Stinson, Ark. Sta. An. Rpt., 7:44. 1894. 35. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45: 320. 1896. 36. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 3:7. 1896. figs. 37. Can. Hort., 20:328. 1897. figs. 38. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bui, 130:121. 1901. 39. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:292. 1901. 40. Budd-Hansen, 1903:73. fig.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 51
SYNONYMS. Early French Reinette (2, 8, 13, 15, 18, 19, 21, 23, 30, 34). EARLY HARVEST (i, 7, 8, 10, n, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 3§, 39, 40). £ar/y Harvest (9, 23). Earfy /wfy Pippin (24). .Earfy /MW*> (23). HARVEST (23). Harvest (21). /w/y Early Pippin (15, 21, 30). JULY PIPPIN (9). July Pippin (13, 15, 18, 19, 21, 23, 30, 34). Larg? Earfy (15, 21, 30). Larg^ Ear/y Harvest (15, 21 ). LARGE EARLY HARVEST (3). Large White Juneating (13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 30). Maralandica (29). Oafo incorrectly (29). Pomme d'Ete of Canada (30). Prince's Early Harvest (8, 30). PRINCE'S HARVEST (2, 4, 5, 6). Prince's Harvest (8, 13, 15, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 30, 34). Prince's Yellow Harvest (30). Tart Bough (13, 15, 19, 21, 30). Yellow Harvest (13, 15, 1 6, 1 8, 19, 21, 23, 24, 30, 34). Yellow Juneating (23).
Fruit medium, pale yellow, sometimes with a faint blush, tender, sprightly subacid, and very good in quality. It is a desirable variety for the home orchard because it is one of the earliest of the sum- mer apples, and is excellent for either dessert or culinary uses. It is not a desirable commercial variety because there is a compara- tively large percentage of undersized or otherwise unmarketable fruit, the color is such that it shows bruises very readily and it keeps but a short time. The tree is a fairly good grower, mod- erately long-lived, comes into bearing rather early, is a biennial or almost annual cropper and moderately productive.
Historical. Early Harvest has been known in cultivation for more than a hundred years. Its origin is unknown but it is supposed to have originated in America. At one time it was quite extensively cultivated for local market in some localities but it is now seldom or never planted except for home use.
TREE.
Tree medium size, moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading or roundish, open. Twigs moderately long, curved, rather stout; internodes short. Bark dark brown. with some olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf- skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, round, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit usually medium or below but sometimes rather large, uniform in size and shape. Form oblate to nearly round, regular or slightly angular; sides slightly unequal. Stem medium in length, moderately thick. Cavity nearly acuminate, shallow, rather narrow to moderately broad, russeted and with outspreading, broken russet rays. Calyx small to medium, closed ; lobes .(long, narrow. Basin shallow, moderately wide, obtuse, slightly wrinkled.
52 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Skin thin, tender, very smooth, clear pale waxen yellow, occasionally with deeper yellow on exposed cheek, sometimes slightly blushed. Dots numerous, large and small, submerged or russet.
Calyx tube short, funnel-shape. Stamens medium.
Core medium size, somewhat abaxile ; cells closed or slightly open; core lines clasping. Carpels slightly obovate. Seeds small to rather large, narrow, long, plump, acute.
Flesh white, not firm, rather fine, crisp, tender, juicy, at first briskly sub- acid but eventually becoming milder, and more agreeable for dessert. Good to very good.
Season late July and August.
EARLY JOE.
REFERENCES, i. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1843 -.52. 2. Mag. Hort., 9 -.469. 1843. 3. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1846:187. fig. 4. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 12:474. 1846. 5. Ib., 13:159. 1847. fig. 6. Smith, Horticulturist, i :386. 1847. fig. 7. Cultivator, 4:310. 1847. fig. 8. Mag. Hort., 14:539. 1848. 9. Cole, 1849:105. fig. 10. Thomas, 1849:137. fig. n. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:19. 1851. 12. Barry, 1851:280. 13. Elliott, 1854:75. fig. 14. Gregg, 1857:36. 15. Downing, 1857:76. 16. Hooper, 1857:32. 17. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1860:240. 18. Warder, 1867:513. 19. Fitz, 1872:152, 172. 20. Leroy, 1873:404. figs. 21. ///. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1877:124. 22. Hogg, 1884: 68. 23. Wickson, 1889:243. 24. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 25. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:238. 26. Macoun, Can. Dcpt. Agr. Rpt., 1901: 96. 27. Waugh, Ft. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:292. 1901. 28. Budd-Hansen, 1903:
74- fig-
SYNONYMS. EARLY JOE (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28). JOE PRECOCE (20).
Fruit medium to small, red striped, excellent in flavor and qual- ity for dessert use ; season, August and early September. The tree is small to medium in size, slow growing, moderately long- lived, comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable biennial cropper. The fruit hangs pretty well to the tree until it is quite ripe. The crop contains a large percentage of undersized or other- wise unmarketable fruit. Recommended for the home orchard, but not for commercial planting.
Historical. Originated with Northern Spy and Melon in the orchard of Heman Chapin, East Bloomfield, Ontario Co., N. Y. This orchard was planted with seedling trees grown from seeds brought from Salisbury, Conn, about the year 1800. In October, 1843, Early Joe was exhibited at the fair of the New York State Agricultural Society, Rochester, N. Y., by Jonathan Buel of East Bloomfield (i). It has been widely disseminated and is still listed by nurserymen (25) but it is not cultivated extensively in any locality.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 53
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous, dwarfish with short, moderately stout, crooked branches. Form rather flat, spreading. Twigs short, straight, stout, with large terminal buds; internodes short. Bark dark brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin ; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium size, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit small to medium, uniform in size and shape. Form oblate conic to conic, somewhat ribbed, rather symmetrical. Stem medium to long, rather slender to moderately thick. Cavity acute, shallow to medium in depth, rather broad, symmetrical, sometimes thinly russeted. Calyx medium size, closed or slightly open. Basin small to medium, usually shallow, medium in width or rather narrow, somewhat abrupt, smooth or slightly wrinkled.
Skin thin, tender, smooth, pale greenish-yellow, irregularly and obscurely striped and splashed with dull, dark red, in highly colored specimens becom- ing deeply blushed on the exposed cheek. Dots russet and greenish or nearly white.
Calyx tube medium in length, rather wide, broadly conical. Stamens median or basal.
Core medium to rather small, axile; cells slightly open or closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly obcordate to elliptical, decidedly concave. Seeds small to medium, rather wide, short, obtuse to acute.
Flesh tinged with yellow, fine, crisp, very tender, very juicy, mild subacid, very good to best.
Season August and September.
EARLY PENNOCK.
REFERENCES, i. Humrickhouse, Mag. Hort., 12 1472. 1846. fig. 2. Cole, 1849:104. 3. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:14. 1851. 4. Barry, 1851:332. 5. Hooper, 1857:33, 106, no. 6. Gregg, 1857:36. 7. Downing, 1857:137. 8. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 9. Warder, 1867:594. fig. 10. Fitz, 1872:145. ii. ///. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1875:49. 12. Thomas, 1875:191. 13. Downing, 1881:11 index, app. 14. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:238. 15. Budd-Hansen, 1903:74.
SYNONYMS. August Apple (7). EARLY PENNOCK (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15). Heicke's Summer Queen (13). Harmony (7, ? of the south, 9). Indian Queen (7). N. J. Red Streak (7). Shaker's Yellow (7, 9). Sleeper's Yellow (5). Warren Pennock (5, 7).
Fruit large, showy, yellow covered with mixed striped red, but often the yellow predominates. Flesh yellow, moderately juicy, subacid, coarse, suit- able for culinary use but not esteemed for dessert; season August. Tree hardy, a biennial cropper and moderately productive. Not recommended for planting in New York.
Historical. Origin unknown. It was first brought to notice in Ohio more than fifty years ago (i) where it was widely disseminated from some of the nurseries of that state. At one time it was being planted to a limited extent in New York but it has been almost wholly discarded.
54 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
EARLY RIPE.
REFERENCES, i. Warder, 1867:717. 2. Downing, 1869:156. 3. Fitz, 1872: 151. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 5- Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:238. 6. ill. Sta. Bui, 45:320. 1896. 7. Mich. Sta. Bui, 143:200. 1897. 8. Thomas, 1897:634. 9. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bui, 130:121. 1901. 10. Kan. Sta. Bui, 106:52. 1902. ii. Budd-Hansen, 1903:74.
SYNONYMS. None.
Fruit of good medium size, yellowish-green, subacid, good for culinary use. The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing young, and yields full crops in alternate years.
Historical The locality of its origin is unknown but it is supposed to have originated in Pennsylvania (2).
TREE.
Tree large, vigorous with moderately long, stout branches. Form upright spreading, rather dense, top roundish. Twigs long, stout, curved ; internodes medium. Bark brown tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf- skin; heavily pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small to medium, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, appressed, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to above, fairly uniform in size but not in shape. Form roundish oblate somewhat inclined to conic, irregular, broadly ribbed. Stem often bracted, medium in length or short, thick. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, usually shallow, rather broad, sometimes russeted. Calyx rather small, closed. Basin obtuse, usually very shallow, moderately wide, somewhat wrinkled.
Skin light yellowish-green. Dots numerous, small, pale gray or russet.
Calyx tube rather narrow, funnel-form. Stamens median.
Core medium to rather large, abaxile ; cells closed or partly open ; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish, emarginate. Seeds medium size, plump, obtuse.
Flesh white, quite firm, moderately coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, briskly sub- acid, becoming rather mild subacid when fully ripe, fair to good.
Season August.
EARLY STRAWBERRY.
REFERENCES, i. Manning, 1838:46. 2. Downing, 1845:73. fig. 3. Horti- culturist, 1:145- 1846. 4. Mag. Hort., 14:488. 1848. fig. 5. Thomas, 1849:139. fig. 6. Cole, 1849:101. fig. 7. Barry, 1851:280. 8. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 9. Elliott, 1854:76. 10. Hooper, 1857:31, 106, 109. n. Gregg, 1857:36. 12. Horticulturist, 14:425. 1859. 13. Warder, 1867:514. fig. 14. Downing, 1869:157. 15. Fitz, 1872:143, 151, 160. 16. Leroy, 1873: 310. figs. 17. Downing, 1881:12 index, app. 18. Wickson, 1889:243. 19. Watts, Tenn. Sta. Bui., 5:78. 1890. 20. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890: 290. 21. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:238. 22. Budd-Hansen, 1903:75. fig.
56 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Skin rather thick, tough, smooth, waxy, entirely red or yellow nearly covered with a rich dark red, mottled and irregularly striped and splashed with deeper red. Dots minute, grayish.
Calyx tube short, moderately wide, conical or approaching funnel-shape, with fleshy pistil point projecting into the base. Stamens median.
Core large, axile or somewhat abaxile; cells usually open, sometimes partly closed ; core lines nearly meeting. Carpels broadly roundish to ellip- tical, much concave, emarginate. Seeds medium or above, wide, plump, obtuse,, dark brown.
Flesh whitish-yellow often with streaks of red, moderately coarse, crisp, moderately tender, juicy, subacid, aromatic, sprightly, very good.
Season August.
EGG TOP.
REFERENCES, i. Mag. Hort., 10:210. 1844. 2. Elliott, 1854:169. 3. Hooper, 1857:34. 4. Warder, 1867:717. 5. Downing, 1869:159. 6. Thomas, 1875 :498.
SYNONYMS. Early June (3). EGG TOP (i, 2, 4, 5, 6). Eggtop (3). EVE APPLE (3). Eve (2, 5). Round Top (2, 5). Sheepnose (2, 5). Wine of some (2, 5).
Fruit similar in shape to Black Gilliflower but not so large, somewhat streaked and shaded with red, pleasant flavored but not high in quality; good for dessert but not for cooking. Tree large, moderately vigorous and a regular and abundant bearer. In season from late fall to midwinter.
Historical. An old variety of uncertain origin. A few trees of it are occasionally found in the oldest orchards but it is now nearly obsolete.
ELGIN PIPPIN.
REFERENCES, i. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:238. 2. Clayton, Ala. Sta. 3ul., 47:6. 1893- 3- Thomas, 1897:634. 4. Beach and Clark, .V. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:118. 1904.
SYNONYMS. None.
Fruit of good size and attractive appearance for a yellow apple. It evi- dently belongs to the Fall Pippin class but it does not closely resemble that variety and is not superior to it. Although it has much merit it does not excel other varieties of its season and is not recommended tor planting in New York. The tree is a strong grower and productive.
Historical. Origin Alabama (2, 3). Downing questions" whether it is identical with the White Spanish Reinette but it appears to be distinct from that variety.1 Warder describes another variety under the name Elgin Pippin which we have not seen.2
TREE.
Tree vigorous, upright; branches long, moderately stout. Form very much spreading and somewhat drooping, rather dense. Twigs medium in
1 Downing, 1869:404.
2 Warder, 1867 :7i 7.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
57
size, curved, stout; internodes long. Bark brown, tinged with olive-green, mottled with scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, large, oblong, raised. Buds large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium to large, averages nearly large. Form oblate to roundish conic, distinctly ribbed, irregular ; sides often unequal, sometimes elliptical, not uniform. Stem medium to very long, slender. Cavity acute to acuminate, medium in depth to deep, rather broad to narrow, usually with outspreading russet rays, sometimes decidedly compressed, sometimes lipped. Calyx medium to large, closed ; lobes often leafy, long, acuminate. Basin sometimes oblique, shallow to moderately deep, moderately wide to rather narrow, obtuse to rather abrupt, often prominently and irregularly ribbed.
Skin thin, moderately tender, greenish yellow becoming deep yellow, some- times with a faint bronze blush in the sun. Dots scattering, russet, or sub- merged and whitish.
Calyx tube rather large, moderately wide, conical or approaching funnel- form. Stamens median to basal.
Core abaxile, medium to large; cells unsymmetrical, usually wide open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels irregular, often somewhat ovate, much concave, tufted. Seeds often abortive, dark, rather large, long, flat, acute to acuminate.
Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, firm, moderately fine, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, good.
Season September to December. Commercial limit, October.
ENGLISH PIPPIN.
REFERENCES, i. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887 150. 2. Troop, Ind. Sta. Bui., 53:123- 1894. 3. Budd, la. Sta. Bui, 31:328. 1895. 4. Beach, W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1896:51. 5. Troop, Ind. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:79. 1899. 6. Budd, la. Sta. Bui, 41 185. 1899. 7. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:118. 1904.
SYNONYMS. ENGLISH PIPPIN (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). Englischer Pepping (i). No. 587 (i). Pepping Englischer (i).
A Russian apple inferior in quality to standard varieties of its season. Not recommended for planting in New York.
i
FRUIT.
Fruit large. Form variable, roundish oblate to oblate conic or inclined to oblong truncate, ribbed ; sides sometimes unequal. Stem short, usually not exserted. Cavity acuminate, rather wide, moderately deep, russeted and with outspreading russet. Calyx medium size, closed; lobes usually erect or connivent. Basin medium in width to rather narrow, deep, abrupt, irreg- ularly furrowed.
Skin yellow or greenish, sometimes with shade of brownish-red overspread with thin white bloom. Dots minute, pale or russet.
Calyx tube cone-shape or approaching funnel-form. Stamens median.
Core large, somewhat abaxile; cells partly open; core lines meeting. Seeds medium size, obtuse.
58 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately juicy, fine-grained, sprightly sub- acid, fair to good in quality. Season late September to November.
ENGLISH SWEET.
Ramsdell or Ramsdell Sweet has been described by some leading pomologists under the name English Sweet. Ramsdell Sweet is the name accepted for this variety in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society, and it is generally known among nursery- men and fruit growers as Ramsdell or Ramsdell Sweet. For a description of this variety, the reader is referred to Ramsdell Sweet, page 175.
FALL GREENING.
REFERENCES, i. Warder, 1867:718. 2. Downing, 1869:167. SYNONYMS. None.
This variety originated at Claverack, Columbia county, N. Y. (i). Accord- ing to Downing the tree is moderately vigorous and very productive. The fruit medium size, greenish-yellow, subacid, good to very good. In season from December to February.
Downing also mentions another Fall Greening of similar color, sprightly subacid, in season from September to November ; tree a poor grower.
We have not seen either of these varieties.
FALL HARVEY.
REFERENCES, i. Manning, 1838 :48. 2. Downing, 1845 :84. 3. Cole, 1849 : 117. 4. Hovcy, Mag. Hort., 15:537. 1849. fig. 5. Thomas, 1849:155. 6. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:47. 1851. col. pi. No. 74 and fig. 7. Barry, 1851:284. 8. Elliott, 1854:132. 9. Gregg, 1857:42. 10. Warder, 1867:482. ii. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1869. 12. Hoskins, Amer. Gard., 15:272. 1894. 13. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:296. 1901. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903:79.
SYNONYMS. FALL HARVEY (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 14). Fall Harvey (13). Fall Pippin erroneously (13). HARVEY (13).
Fruit large, yellow, showy, similar in general appearance to Fall Pippin but less desirable where that variety can be grown. According to Hos- kins (12) it is hardy in Northern Vermont and has there proved an excel- lent annual bearer. He considers it valuable for all Northern New England and Canada. Cole (3) observes that the fruit is "fine and fair but not first-rate, and rather apt to fall, or to rot on the tree." Elliott (8) says that it is not productive but Hovey (4) and Cole (3) call it a vigorous grower and a good bearer. In the nursery it may be easily known from Fall Pippin by its yellow and more slender shoots (4).
FRUIT (2, 3, 4, 10).
Fruit large. Form roundish, slightly oblate, regular or somewhat ribbed at the base; crown large, slightly oblique. Stem short, stout or rather slen-
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 59
der. Cavity rather shallow to deep, wide, uneven. Calyx small to large, closed. Basin narrow to rather wide, shallow, wrinkled.
Skin smooth, pale yellow to deep yellow, sometimes blushed. Dots small, gray or russet.
Core large, abaxile. Seeds medium size, acute, short, plump.
Flesh whitish or tinged with yellow, a little coarse, crisp, juicy, rich sub- acid, with high flavor, very good quality.
Season October to December.
FALL JENNETING.
REFERENCES, i. Mag. Hort., 12:474. 1846. 2. Hovey, Ib., 13:161. 1847. fig. 3. Elliott, 1854:132. 4. Downing, 1857:213. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 6. Warder, 1867:533. fig. 7. Thomas, 1875:498. 8. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:239. 10. Budd-Han- sen, 1903 :8o.
SYNONYMS. FALL GENETING (6). Fall Gennetting (3). FALL JENET- TING (8). FALL JENNETING (i, 2, 4, 5, 7, 10). FALL JENNETTING (3, 9).
Fruit often large but variable in size, a considerable portion of the crop being undersized or otherwise unmarketable. It is of a green or yellowish color, shows bruises quite readily, does not stand shipping very well and is not a good keeper. It is very good for culinary uses and acceptable for dessert; being of light weight, it is less desirable than some other varieties for evap- orating. The tree is an exceedingly strong grower and long-lived, eventually becoming very large, tall and spreading. It is hardy, healthy, comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable cropper, yielding moderately good to heavy crops biennially or nearly annu- ally. There is apt to be considerable loss from premature dropping of the fruit. Not recommended for planting in New York.
Historical It appears that this variety was brought into Western New York from Athens on the Hudson, about 1827 (i, 2). Elliott (3) in 1854 called it an old Connecticut variety. It has been grown more largely in portions of the Hudson valley and of Western New York than it has in other sections of the state but it has not been cultivated extensively in any locality. It is still listed by nurserymen (9) but in New York it is now seldom planted and is gradually going out of cultivation.
TREE.
Tree large, vigorous or very vigorous. Form spreading or somewhat roundish. Twigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout ; internodes medium. Bark dark brown lightly streaked with gray scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
60 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium to large. Form roundish oblate inclined to conic, slightly ribbed at the base; sides unequal. Stem medium to short, moder- ately thick. Cavity acuminate, deep, wide, rather symmetrical, with out- spreading rays of russet. Calyx below medium to rather large, closed or somewhat open; lobes long, narrow, acute, reflexed. Basin rather small, shallow, narrow, somewhat furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thin, tough, smooth, pale greenish-yellow with faint brownish-red or bronze blush. Dots moderately numerous, rather inconspicuous, sometimes russet but more often whitish and submerged. Prevailing effect yellow.
Calyx tube rather long, narrow funnel-shape. Stamens median to basal.
Core small, axile to somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, closed; core lines clasping. Carpels somewhat roundish to broadly ovate. Seeds light brown, rather small, moderately narrow, plump, acute.
Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately firm, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly, subacid, good.
Season late September to December.
FALL ORANGE.
REFERENCES, i. Thomas, Cultivator, 5:246. 1848. 2. Ib., 1849:155. 3. El- liott, 1854:149. 4. Gregg, 1857:42. 5. Downing, 1857:143. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 7. Warder, 1867718. 8. Downing, 1869:168. 9. Ib., 1872:10 index, app. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:239. n. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui., 45:321. 1896. 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903:80. fig.
SYNONYMS. FALL ORANGE (i, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12). Fall Orange (3). Hogpen (8). H olden (5, 8). H olden Pippin (8). Hoypen (5). Jones1 Pippin (5, 8). Long Island (8). Long Island Graft (9). N. Y. BeMower (9). ORANGE (3). Orange (8). Red Check (8). Speckled (9). Westbrook (9). White Graft of Wis. (8). White Newell (9).
When well grown Fall Orange is of good size, yellow or green- ish, with occasionally a shade of red, agreeable subacid, and very good in quality for culinary use. When it becomes fully ripe so that its acidity is subdued it is an excellent dessert apple. The tree is thrifty, hardy, long-lived and a regular biennial cropper, often yielding pretty heavy crops. It is not generally regarded as a good commercial variety because its color is yellow, the fruit is rather tender and a poor shipper, and with heavy crops there is apt to be a comparatively large percentage of fruit that is under- sized or otherwise unmarketable. It is in season from late Sep- tember to early winter ; sometimes a portion of the fruit is kept till spring.
FALL ORANGE
62 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
SYNONYMS. American Fall (7). AUTUMN PIPPIN (4). Cathead incor- rectly (24). Cat Head (25). Cobbett's Fall (7). Cobbett's Fall Pippin (27). Concombre Ancien (7). De Rateau (7). D' Espange (7). Episcopal (24, 25). FALL PIPPIN (i, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33). Fall Pippin (4). Golden Pippin (22, 25, erroneously 2, 24). Holland Pippin (2, 5, err. 15). Phila- delphia Pippin (20, 24, 25). Pound Pippin (24, 25). Pound Royal (25, of some 24). Prince's large Pippin of N. Y. (2). Reinnete Blanche d'Espagne (7). Summer Pippin (2). Van Duym's Pippin (2). Van Dyn's Pippin (5). Pippin (24, 25).
Fruit large, and, when fully ripe, of an attractive yellow color. The flesh is tender, rich and very good in quality, being excellent for dessert but especially desirable for culinary uses. The tree is a strong grower, hardy and very long-lived, eventually becoming large or very large. Since the foliage and fruit are both quite sub- ject to the attacks of the apple-scab fungus, thorough preventive treatment for this disease is necessary in order to grow Fall Pippin successfully for commercial purposes.1 The crop does not ripen uniformly, some of the fruit being ripe, well colored and ready for immediate use in September, while at the same time a consider- able portion of the crop is still hard and green. When grown under favorable conditions and properly handled some portion of the crop may keep till midwinter or later, but even carefully selected fruit cannot be relied upon to hold in common storage till December ist without considerable loss. In cold storage it may be held till January or February (33). Fall Pippin is generally in pretty good demand in local markets, and in portions of Eastern New York it is being used to a limited extent for the early export trade. It is one of the most desirable varieties of its season for the home orchard.
HOLLAND PIPPIN AND FALL PIPPIN COMPARED. From the time of Coxe (2), Fall Pippin has by some been called Holland Pippin. The Holland Pippin indeed much resembles Fall Pippin, but it differs from it in being in season from mid-August
1 Directions for treating apple scab are given in the reports of this Station for 1899:399-418, and for 1903:321-386.
\
FALL PIPPIN (Reduced Size)
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 63
to midautumn and in being more roundish and less flattened, and in having a short, thick stem which is not exserted.
Historical. Origin unknown. Downing (10) held the opinion that Fall Pippin is an American variety and probably a seedling raised in this country from either the White Spanish Reinette or the Holland Pippin, both of which it resembles. It has been widely disseminated from the Atlantic to the Pacific in most of the important apple-growing regions of the continent and is still listed by many nurserymen (30). We are unable to determine how long this variety has been in cultivation. In some New York orchards trees of it are found which are more than one hundred years old. It is quite generally grown for home use throughout New York, and also to a limited extent for market, but it is now seldom planted.
TREE.
Tree large, moderately vigorous to very vigorous, with large, long branches which eventually become somewhat drooping. Form spreading or roundish and rather dense. Twigs moderately long, curved, stout and with large terminal buds ; internodes medium. Bark dark reddish-brown, somewhat tinged with green, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; much pubescent. L.enticels scattering, medium size, oval, raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit large or very large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form round- ish to roundish oblate, sometimes a little inclined to conic, or sometimes slightly oblong and truncate, often obscurely ribbed. Stem medium to rather long, thick. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, moderately deep, moder- ately narrow to rather wide, symmetrical or sometimes compressed, russeted. Calyx medium to large, open; lobes separated at the base, moderately long, rather narrow, acuminate. Basin medium in depth to deep, moderately nar- row to rather wide, abrupt, wavy, slightly wrinkled.
Skin thin, smooth, at first greenish-yellow but becoming clear yellow, sometimes faintly blushed. Dots numerous, small, pale and submerged or russet.
Calyx tube large, wide, long, conical to nearly funnel-form. Stamens median to basal.
Core medium size, somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines meeting or clasping. Carpels roundish, emarginate, tufted. Seeds rather dark brown, medium size, somewhat acute, plump.
Flesh whitish or tinged with yellow, moderately firm, rather fine, tender, very juicy, agreeable subacid, somewhat aromatic, very good.
Season late September to January.
FALL WINE.
REFERENCES. i. Mag. Hort., 14:114. 1848. 2. Cole, 1849:108. 3. Ib., 1849:109. 4. Elliott, 1854:77. 5. Horticulturist, 10:87. 1855. 6. Hooper,
64 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
6. 7- Downing, 1857:78. 8. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1860:50, 240. 9. Warder, 1867:434. fig. 10. Downing, 1869:170. fig. n. Fitz, 1872:153. 12. Thomas, 1875:200. 13. Barry, 1883:338. 14. Wickson, 1889:244. 15. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 16. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:239. 17. Budd-Hansen, 1903:81. fig.
SYNONYMS. FALL WINE (i, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17). House (10). Hower (10). Musk Spice (10). OWo Wine (7, 10, 13). Sharpe's Spice (7, 10). Sw^f W^W (7, 10). C/wck Saw'.y Bwf (7, 10). WINE (2). «^W of Cole (4).
Fruit medium or above, bright red, attractive; in season from September to early winter. The tree is of medium size with rather drooping branches, moderately vigorous, healthy, moderately long-lived and yields good to heavy crops biennially. The fruit is apt to drop to a considerable extent before it is fully mature. It is very tender, not a good shipper and not a desirable commercial variety. It is not much valued for culinary use but it is generally esteemed wherever it is known on account of its excellent dessert qualities. It is not recommended for commercial planting in New York.
Fall Wine should not be confused with Twenty Ounce which in some sec- tions of New York is known under the name of Wine apple.1 It is also quite distinct from the true Wine which is a large, showy apple that ripens in midautumn and often keeps well through the winter.2
Historical. The origin of this variety is unknown. Elliott (4) says that it was introduced into the West from the garden of Judge Jonathan Buel, Albany, N. Y., about 1832. It has been a favorite variety in many parts of the Middle West but has not been extensively cultivated in New York and is now seldom or never planted in this state.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium or above. Form roundish oblate, somewhat ribbed ; sides often unequal. Stem medium to rather long. Cavity obtuse to somewhat acute, wide, shallow to moderately deep, sometimes lipped. Calyx small to medium, closed or partly open ; lobes long, narrow, reflexed. Basin deep, wide or medium in width, rather abrupt, furrowed.
Skin clear yellow washed with red which on the exposed cheek deepens to a beautiful bright blush, indistinctly striped with carmine. Dots yellowish- brown or russet.
Calyx tube long, narrow, funnel-form. Stamens median.
Core medium, axile ; cells symmetrical, closed or slightly open ; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish, tufted. Seeds medium size, rather wide, acute.
Flesh tinged with yellow, tender, juicy, aromatic, very mild subacid or almost sweet; very good for dessert but only fair for culinary use.
Season September to January.
description of Twenty Ounce, page 227.
description of Wine apple in Volume I of this Report,
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 65
FAMEUSE.
REFERENCES. I. Forsyth, 1824:101. 2. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826: 476. 3. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :No. 757. 4. Kenrick, 1832:33. 5. Floy-Lindley, 1833:16. 6. Manning, 1838:55. 7. Ib., Mag. Hort., 7:45. 1841. 8. Downing, 1845:91. 9. Horticulturist, 1:257. 1846. 10. Thomas, Cultivator, 5:306. 1848. fig. n. Ib., 1849 :i47. fig. 12. Cole, 1849 :n8. 13. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:36. 1851. col. pi. No. 48. 14. Hovey, 2:7. 1851. col. pi. and fig. 15. Mag. Hort., 17:15- 1851. fig- 16. Good- rich, Ib., 17:122. 1851. 17. /fw. Porn. Soc. Cat., 1852. 18. Elliott, 1854:77 19. Gregg, 1857:42. 20. Hooper, 1857:36, 107, no. 21. Lothrop, Mag. Hort., 32 :363. 1866. 22. Warder, 1867 :595. 23. Todd, 1871 :25. fig. 24. Fitz, 1872:145. 25. Leroy, 1873:483. 26. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:12. 27. Jack, Ib., 6:61. 1880. 28. Ib., 8:140. 1881-82. 29. Hogg, 1884:58. 30. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 47 1249. 1888. 31. Wickson, 1889 :245. 32. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 14:88, 89. 1889. 33. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890: 290. 34. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 15:19, 26. 1890. 35. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :239. 36. Ib., 1892 :249. 37. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892 157. 38. Amer. Card., 14:425. 1893. 39. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45:321. 1896. 40. Can. Hort., 20:304. 1897. figs. 41. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 5:12. 1898. figs. 42. Can. Hort., 22:226. 1899. 43. Craig, Amer. Card., 20 :27. 1899. 44. Vt. Sta. Bui., 83 :83~92. 1900. 45. Can. Hort., 24:236. 1901. 46. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:293. 1901. 47. Budd-Hansen, 1903:82. fig. 48. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:120. 1904. 49. Scriber, Can. Hort., 28:277. 1905.
SYNONYMS. Chimney Apple (14, 16, 22, 25). DE NEIGE (3, 25, 29). De Neige (14, 15). du Marechal (25). FAMEUSE (i, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, n, 12,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 1 8, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48). Fameuse (5, 8, 25, 29, 36). La Belle Fameuse (43). La Fameuse (29). Neige (2). Neige -Framboise de Gielen (25). POMME DE NEIGE (5, 8). Pomme de Neige (4, 9, 10, n, 13,
14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 41). Pomme de Niege (i, 7, 12). Pomme Fameuse (3). Pomme de Fameuse (14, 15). Sanguineus (8, 14, 15, 18, 23, 25). SNOW (36). Snow (2, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 31, 33, 41, 43, 46, 47, 48).
Fameuse is one of the most desirable dessert apples of its season. It is very beautiful in appearance and the flesh is white, tender and excellent in flavor and quality for dessert. It is decidedly inferior to other varieties of its season for culinary purposes. It is well known in market, and during its season, which extends from October to the holidays, it usually sells above average market prices, particularly if well colored and free from scab or other im- perfections. The fruit is often badly injured by the apple-scab fungus, but this may readily be controlled by proper preventive treatment.1 It keeps well in cold storage. Some report that if free
IN. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:399-418. 1899. Ib., 28:321-386. 1903.
66 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
from scab it may be held as long as Rhode Island Greening (48). In the Champlain district and in portions of the St. Lawrence val- ley it is one of the most important varieties found in commercial orchards. Generally speaking, it grows to a higher degree of per- fection in those districts than it does in other apple-growing regions of New York. In the more southern sections of the state it appears to succeed best in the high elevations and on light well drained soil with clay subsoil. The tree is of medium size, a moderate grower, hardy, healthy, rather long-lived, and a reliable cropper yielding good to heavy crops biennially or sometimes nearly annu- ally. The fruit hangs pretty well to the tree. Fruit of marketable grades is fairly uniform in size, but there is a considerable amount of it that is too small for market. In those portions of New York south of Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence valley the fruit does not usually develop its best color, and in some seasons, and particularly in unfavorable localities, it is so poorly colored as to be quite unsatisfactory. In such locations it is better for the fruit grower to plant Mclntosh instead of Fameuse if he desires to grow a variety of the Fameuse group.
Historical. Waugh (44) gives the following historical account of the Fameuse. " The history of Fameuse is obscure, probably beyond clearing up satisfactorily, but extremely interesting as far as we know or can guess at it. The turning point of speculation for years has been as to whether the variety is of American or European origin. One of the most interesting contributions to this discussion was made by Mr. Chauncey Goodrich, (16) of Burlington, Vt, in 1851. We quote the following extracts from this article :
' It is here one of the most common as well as oldest varieties ; hundreds of barrels are sold in a single season in this town alone. ... All Ameri- can writers call it a Canadian apple; of this I think there is no proof. One hundred and twenty years since, the French planted this variety on the eastern shore of Lake Champlain, opposite Fort Frederick on Crown Point, at a place called ' Chimney Point ' — more than fifty years before any other permanent settlement. From these old trees cions have been scattered through Vermont, and called the Chimney apple. A very intelligent and highly educated French seigneur residing on an old seignory eighty miles below Quebec informed me that this was one of the first varieties of apples planted on the place; that the trees were very old and were brought from France. The early French settlers planted the same variety at Ogdensburg, Detroit, and other places on Lakes Erie and Ontario, where it is still known as the ' Snow Apple ' ; also at Kaskaskia, Illinois, more than one hundred
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 67
and fifty years since, where the old trees are still productive, and apples from them are sent to St. Louis, &c. The same apple may be found in France, and in London of the growth of France.'
" It is hardly to be supposed that a seedling apple was produced in Canada at so early a day as to be distributed more than a thousand miles in every settlement made by the French, one hundred and fifty years since.
" Another fact tending to suggest a European origin for Fameuse is that it is usually found in the old gardens, in company with well known European varieties of pears, apples and other fruits.
" On the other hand the testimony of European pomologisls is mostly against the theory of a European origin. The variety is known in the larger collec- tions of all the countries of Europe, just as Ben Davis is, and has been known there for many years. But most European authors unhesitatingly assign a Canadian origin to the variety ; and the variety seems too little known, too little appreciated, and too little at home with European surroundings for us to believe it originated there. Those who call it a European apple usually assign its nativity to France; but Leroy (25) the greatest of all French, and perhaps of all European authorities, did not know the variety. He says that Le Lectier cultivated the Pomme de Neige (synonym of Fameuse) at Or- leans (France) before 1628; but Leroy did not know whether or not this was the same Pomme de Neige grown in Canada. In fact he says, ' I have never, up to the present time, met this apple Pomme de Neige on our soil. In place of it they have always sent me Calvill de Neige, ripening from Janu- ary to March.' Most of the so-called Snow apples of Europe, in fact, are white skinned and totally different from the Snow, or Fameuse, of America.
" It is agreed that, whether the Fameuse came from Europe or not, it was distributed by the earliest of the French missionaries and planted by the first settlers. Quebec was founded shortly before 1600 and Montreal in 1641. The seigniory du Cote de Beaupre, said to be the oldest seignory in Quebec, was granted in 1636 and promptly colonized. Thus we have almost a hundred years of French settlement and missionary activity prior to 1700, the approxi- mate date at which, according to Mr. Goodrich, the Fameuse was brought to Vermont. This seems to allow ample time for a Canadian origin for the variety and for its wide distribution in Quebec, Ontario and the Northern states.
" The early distribution of apples, either from Europe to Canada, or from place to place on this continent, was accomplished chiefly, almost exclusively, by seeds. Some of the missionaries knew the art of grafting, but there was small encouragement to practice it. From these considerations, and others which cannot be fully argued here, the. writer is firmly convinced that the Fameuse originated in Canada from seed brought from France."
TREE.
Tree vigorous, with long, moderately stout branches. Form upright spread- ing or roundish, rather dense. Twigs medium size, curved, stout ; internodes short. Bark dark brown tinged with red, lightly coated with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, round or somewhat oval, slightly raised. Buds medium size, flat, obtuse, free, pubescent.
68 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
FRUIT.
Fruit hardly averages medium but sometimes is above medium size. Form roundish inclined to conic, sometimes a little oblate, regular, uniform, sym- metrical. Stem medium to short but sometimes long, rather slender. Cavity acute to somewhat acuminate, moderately deep to deep, rather wide, often gently furrowed, sometimes partly russeted but generally smooth and red or greenish. Calyx rather small, usually closed. Basin medium in width and depth, rather small, somewhat abrupt, obscurely furrowed or wrinkled, often having mammiform protuberances.
Skin thin, tender, smooth, light bright red deepening to almost purplish black in highly colored specimens with a somewhat striped appearance toward the apex. In less highly colored specimens the striped effect is more noticeable. Dots few, scattering, light.
Calyx1 tube narrow, funnel-form. Stamens median or somewhat basal.
Core medium to rather small, axile ; cells closed ; core lines clasping. Carpels symmetrical, roundish or inclined to elliptical, somewhat emargi- nate, mucronate. Seeds dark, long, rather narrow, acute to acuminate.
Flesh white, sometimes streaked or stained with red, very tender, juicy, subacid becoming very mild subacid or sweetish, aromatic, very good for dessert.
Season October to midwinter.
STRIPED FAMEUSE. A variety has sometimes been propagated and disseminated under the name Fameuse which is recognized as Striped Fameuse. The tree is a thriftier grower in the nursery than the true Fameuse, but the fruit is less desirable, being inferior in color but similar in all other respects to Fameuse. It is mottled or thinly washed with bright red over a pale yellow background, striped and splashed with carmine.
OTHER VARIETIES OF THE FAMEUSE GROUP. Waugh (44) remarks that one of the striking things about the Fameuse type is that it has the strong tendency to reproduce itsel'f from seed. This has been taken advantage of in the last fifty years, and apples of the Fameuse type have been grown from seed by the hundred and planted in the orchard. This practice has pre- vailed largely in Quebec in neighborhoods where nurseries were scarce and grafted nursery trees expensive or unknown. He. con- cludes, therefore, that the modern Fameuse apples are most cer- tainly not all from the same original seed, the conspicuous varia- tions among them being thus accounted for at least in part. He further observes that seedlings of the Fameuse often show so much
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 69
departure from the common characters of Fameuse as to be read- ily recognized as something different. Such seedlings are gener- ally accepted as new varieties, and in cases where they show conspicuous merit they are separately propagated by grafting, and eventually receive special names of their own. He then lists sev- eral named varieties of the Fameuse group, including Bloom, Brilliant, Canada Baldwin, Fameuse Green, Fameuse Noire, Fameuse Sucre, La Victoire, Louise, Mclntosh, Hilaire and Shiawassee. The more important of these are described under their respective names in this volume.
FANNY.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1869:173. fig. 2. Thomas, 1875:499. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1877:8. 4. Barry, 1883:333. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887: 93. 6. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :239. 7. Rural N. Y., 55 -.642, 706, 707. 1896. fig. 8. Ib., 56:292. 9. Budd-Hansen, 1903:83. fig.
SYNONYMS. None.
This is an attractive bright red fruit of good dessert quality. It begins to ripen about the first of September, and continues in season till late fall. The tree is quite vigorous, comes into bearing moderately early and is a reliable annual cropper. Some regard it as desirable for commercial planting (7, 8), but it has not proved so at this Station because ,it is somewhat deficient in size. On account of its beauty and excellent dessert quality it is worthy of being classed among the varieties desirable for the home orchard.
Historical. Originated with Dr. John K. Eshelman, Lancaster Co., Pa. (7). It has been as yet but little disseminated in New York.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with moderately long, stout branches. Form flat, spreading, open. Twigs long, curved, moderately stout; internodes long. Bark brown tingled with olive-green, heavily streaked with scarf-skin ; much pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, heavily pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium to below medium size, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish, slightly oblate varying to somewhat oblong or ovate,
70 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
regular or slightly ribbed. Stem short to medium, slender. Cavity acute to nearly obtuse, medium in width and depth, sometimes russeted. Calyx small to medium, closed or partly open; lobes rather short, narrow, acute. Basin shallow to. medium in depth, moderately wide, rather abrupt, usually fur- rowed.
Skin thin, tender, smooth, clear yellow mostly overlaid with bright red indistinctly striped with carmine. Dots small, yellowish.
Calyx tube rather wide, slightly funnel-form to conical with pistil point projecting into the base. Stamens median to marginal.
Core below medium, somewhat abaxile; cells open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly ovate to elliptical, slightly emarginate. Seeds medium to large, moderately wide, flat, plump, acute.
Flesh whitish slightly tinged with yellow, moderately firm, fine, very ten- der, juicy, mild subacid, good to very good.
Season September to November or later.
FISHKILL.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1869:176. 2. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 11:222. 1892. 3. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:294. 1901. SYNONYMS. FISHKILL (2,3). FISHKILL BEAUTY (i). Fishkill Beauty (2).
Fruit large, rather attractive in appearance, but not good enough in quality to displace standard sorts of its season either for culinary or dessert uses. Downing remarks that it is apt to decay on the tree (i), but this has not proved true in our experience with the variety. The tree comes into bearing rather early and is almost an annual bearer, yielding fair to good crops of uniformly large fruit. Should it possess superior hardiness it may be worthy of trial in those regions where this character is a prime requisite.
Historical. Origin Fishkill, N. Y.
TREE.
Tree vigorous with long, slender, curved branches ; laterals willowy, long, slender. Form upright spreading or roundish, rather dense. Twigs short to medium, straight, moderately slender, rather geniculate ; internodes medium to long. Bark brown tinged with clear reddish brown, mottled with scarf- skin ; slightly pubescent. Lenticds numerous, small or below medium, gen- erally elongated and narrow, usually not raised. Buds small to above me- dium, plump, obtuse to somewhat acute, usually free or nearly so.
FRUIT.
Fruit very large to large, uniform in size and shape. Form nearly round varying to somewhat oblate or oblate conic, regular, obscurely ribbed. Stem
FISHKILL
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 71
medium to long, thick to slender. Cavity varying from somewhat obtuse to slightly acuminate, moderately deep to deep, rather broad, usually symmetri- cal, sometimes lipped, sometimes lightly russeted. Calyx rather small, closed or slightly open. Basin shallow, usually moderately wide, obtuse, angularly furrowed and wrinkled, with some tendency to develop mammiform pro- tuberances.
Skin a little rough, thick, tough, dull yellow washed with dull or brownish- red, in highly colored specimens deepening to a bright red blush, mottled, striped and splashed with deep carmine, often overspread with thin whitish bloom. Dots numerous, conspicuous, medium size, russet. Prevailing effect attractive although rather dull red.
Calyx tube rather long, wide, varying from elongated conical to funnel- shape. Stamens median to marginal.
Core below medium to rather large, abaxile ; cells usually symmetrical, open; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish to broadly obcordate, somewhat emarginate, slightly tufted. Seeds light brown, below medium to rather large, narrow, rather long, plump, varying from obtuse to acuminate.
Flesh whitish or. tinged with yellow, firm, coarse, moderately crisp, moder- ately tender, juicy, mild subacid, fair to good in flavor and quality.
Season November to February.
FORD.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1857:144. 2. Warder, 1867:719. 3. Thomas, 1875 :499. SYNONYMS. None.
The fruit of Ford is described as large, roundish, yellow ; flesh solid, rather acid but of high flavor and good quality. Season October to January (i, 3). We do not know this variety and so far as we can discover it is no longer propagated. According to Downing it originated in Canaan, Columbia county, N. Y. (i). '
FRANCHOT*
REFERENCE, i. Downing, 1869:182. SYNONYMS. None.
According to Downing this variety originated in Otsego county, N. Y. The tree is productive, the fruit medium size, yellow, shaded and splashed with red; flesh pleasant, aromatic, good. Season October to January (i). So far as we can learn it is not now being propagated.
FULLERTON SWEET.
REFERENCE, i. Downing, 1869:185. SYNONYMS. None.
A variety of unknown origin which has been fruited in Orange county (i). The fruit much resembles Autumn Bough. It is below medium, pale yellow ; flesh tender, sweet, very good; season October and November. We do not know this variety and so far as we can learn it is not being propagated.
72 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
GARDEN ROYAL.
REFERENCES, i. Manning, Mag. Hort., 13:438. 1847. 2. Hovey, Ib., 14: 18. 1848. fig. 3. Thomas, Cultivator, 5:212. 1848. 4. Cole, 1849:106. fig. 5. Thomas, 1849:139. fig. 6. Barry, 1851:284. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1854. 8. Elliott, 1854:81. 9. Mag. Hort., 21:63. i85S- 10- Downing, 1857:79. n. Warder, 1867:719. 12. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 13. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:239. 14. Rural N. Y., 60:247. 1901. 15. Budd-Hansen, 1903:88. fig. 16. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui, 205:44. 1903.
SYNONYMS. None.
Garden Royal is not a good variety for commercial planting be- cause the fruit is too small and its season early and short, but by many it is considered one of the very best dessert apples of late summer and early autumn. The fruit is of regular form, very handsome deep yellow striped with orange-red and dark crimson. The flesh is very tender, aromatic and with a delicate, pleasant acid flavor; season, August and September. The tree when full grown is of medium size, moderately vigorous, with roundish head. It appears to be hardy, healthy and long-lived, comes into bearing young and is a reliable biennial cropper.
Historical. Origin Sudbury, Mass. (2). It is occasionally found in this state in home orchards. It is now little propagated by nurserymen and sel- dom planted.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium or below. Form round, slightly oblate, often a little inclined to conic, regular or obscurely ribbed. Stem short to medium, straight, rather slender. Cavity acute sometimes approaching acuminate, rather deep and broad, slightly furrowed, often faintly russeted. Calyx small to above me- dium, open or partly closed ; lobes often separated at base, rather short, acute. Basin moderately shallow, rather wide, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, slightly wrinkled.
Skin thin, greenish-yellow, sometimes entirely overspread with red, irregu- larly striped and splashed with carmine. Dots numerous, rather conspicuous, medium or above, often irregular, russet or yellowish.
Calyx tube medium size, funnel-shape. Stamens median to nearly marginal.
Core small, axile ; cells closed or slightly open ; core lines clasping. Carpels small, elliptical, emarginate.
Flesh tinged with yellow, fine, tender, juicy, agreeable mild subacid, aro- matic, very good.
Season late August and September.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 73
GARDNER SWEET PEARMAIN.
REFERENCE, i. Downing, 1869:188. SYNONYMS. None.
A Long Island variety, the fruit of which, according to Downing (i), is medium in size, nearly covered with red; flesh whitish, sweet, good; season September. This variety is unknown to us ; so far as we have been able to learn it is no longer propagated.
GENESEE FLOWER.
REFERENCE, i. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. SYNONYMS. Demary. FLOWER' (OF GENESEE) (i). Flower of Genesee. Hawkins Pippin. Pride of Genesee.
Fruit large, remarkably uniform in size and shape, with very few culls. In color and general appearance it resembles Pumpkin Sweet, commonly called Pound Sweet. It is not an apple of high dessert quality, but is very good for culinary uses, having a pleas- ant mild subacid flavor. It does not always sell well because the color is green and the variety is not generally well known. With some growers the tree is not a satisfactory cropper, but others find it a regular and abundant bearer, yielding good to heavy crops almost annually, and regard the variety as desirable for commercial planting.
Historical. This variety appears to be known by the name Genesee Flower more than by any other, but Mr. Nelson Bogue of Batavia informs us that it is also known locally under the various names Flower of Genesee, Pride of Genesee, Hawkins Pippin, and Demary. He states that the original tree, now about sixty years old, is still standing on the old Demary farm, in the town of Alexander, Genesee county, N. Y. The cultivation of this variety appears to be confined principally to the counties of Genesee, Wyoming and Orleans, and it does not appear to be increasing.
FRUIT.
Fruit large. Form roundish, somewhat oblate. Stem short, rather slender. Cavity broad, moderately deep, russeted. Calyx medium size, partly open. Basin shallow,, irregular, often distinctly ridged.
Skin light green mingled with light yellow. Dots numerous, pale, with a few that are large and russet.
Flesh nearly white, mild subacid, good for culinary use but not much esteemed for dessert.
Season late September to November.
74 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
GIDEON.
REFERENCES, i. Gideon, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:26. 2. Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886:233. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1889:6. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892: 239. 5. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:580. 1894. 6. Woolverton, Out. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 4 :2. 1897. figs. 7. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bui., 61 :30. 1897. figs. 8. Am. Gcrd., 22:132. 1901. figs. 9. Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:83. 1902. 10. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui., 76:51. 1902. fig. n. Budd-Hansen, 1903:88. fig. 12. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui., 48:42. 1903. 13. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui., 205 :44. 1903. 14. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248 : 121. 1904.
SYNONYMS. GIDEON (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14). Gideon White (14).
Fruit decidedly attractive in general appearance being of good size, clear waxen yellow often with a bright pinkish blush but it is deficient in quality and apt to be defective in that the flesh becomes withered and discolored about the core as soon as the fruit reaches maturity. It is not a good variety for holding in cold storage as it stands heat poorly before going into storage and when in storage goes down quickly. In ordinary storage it is inferior to Hubbardston in keeping qualities, being in season from October to De- cember or possibly later (14). The tree is of an exceptionally fine habit in the nursery, and in the orchard it is an upright vigorous grower, very hardy and healthy, comes into bearing young and yields full crops biennially or nearly annually. It is not recommended for planting in New York except it be as a stock upon which to topwork less hardy varieties.
Historical. Originated by Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minn., from crab seed. The following is his statement of its parentage. " The Gideon is a seedling of the small crab; the seed came from Boston, where the tree was surrounded in the orchard by Blue Pearmain. I consider the tree r, cross between those two. The tree resembles Blue Pearmain ; seed was taken from the crab" (i).
TREE.
Tree medium to large, vigorous or moderately vigorous. Form at first upright but becoming spreading and open. Twigs short, curved, stout with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark brown mingled with some olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; heavily pubescent. Lcnticcls quite numerous, medium to small, oblong, slightly raised. Buds prominent, large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit usually above medium to large, .uniform in size. Form roundish conical or somewhat ovate, sometimes inclined to oblong, angular. Stem long to below medium, slender. Cavity acute or somewhat acuminate, deep, broad to medium in width, sometimes lightly russeted. Calyx small, closed; lobes medium in length, rather narrow, acute, reflexed. Basin small to medium, sometimes oblique, shallow or very shallow, narrow to medium in width, rather obtuse, somewhat wrinkled, usually with narrow but not prominent ridges.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 75
Skin rather thin, glossy, clear pale waxen yellow, sometimes with beautiful pink blush on exposed cheek. Dots light, submerged, inconspicuous, except where the skin is blushed.
Calyx, tube short, narrow, often funnel-shape with very short, truncate cylinder. Stamens marginal to median.
Core medium size, axile or abaxile; cells closed or open; core lines meet- ing the limb or clasping the cylinder. Carpels round to broadly ovate or elliptical, emarginate, tufted. Seeds rather large, irregular, medium in width, rather long, not very plump, acute to acuminate, tufted, light brown.
Flesh whitish or tinged with yellow, of rather soft loose texture, a little coarse, crisp, juicy, brisk subacid to mild subacid, fair to good.
Season October.
GINNIE.
REFERENCES. I. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 2:35. 1883. 2. Beach and Paddock, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:252, 257. 1895. 3. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:121. 1904.
SYNONYMS. AUNT GINNIE (i, 2). Aunt Ginnie (3). GINNIE (3).
An autumn apple of good color and good quality. Tree rather upright, moderately vigorous, moderately productive. It comes into bearing early and yields some fruit nearly every year. Not recommended for planting in New York.
Historical. Received from Ellwanger and Barry, Rochester, N. Y., in 1883 for testing at this Station. We do not know its origin. So far as we have learned it is practically unknown among New York fruit growers.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large. Form oblate conic, broad and flattened at the base, obscurely ribbed. Stem medium, usually not exserted. Cavity large, acumi- nate, broad, deep, with conspicuous, broad, irregular, outspreading russet rays. Calyx small, nearly closed. Basin shallow to medium in depth, rather narrow to moderately wide, furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin yellow nearly covered with bright red and marked with broad stripes and splashes of bright carmine. Dots minute, russet. Prevailing effect red striped.
Calyx tube funnel-form. Stamens basal or nearly so.
Core very large, abaxile; cells pretty symmetrical, open; core lines clasp the funnel cylinder. Carpels broadly roundish, emarginate, tufted. Seeds medium in size, rather wide, obtuse to somewhat acute.
Flesh whitish, rather coarse, moderately juicy, aromatic, subacid, good to very good.
Season late September to early winter ; commercial limit November in common storage (3).
GLADSTONE.
REFERENCES, i. Hogg, 1884:150. 2. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 11:224. 1892. 3. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui., 76:52. 1902.
SYNONYMS. GLADSTONE (2, 3). MR. GLADSTONE (i).
76 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Fruit of good size, and when highly colored rather attractive. In general appearance it is intermediate between Oldenburg and Gravenstein, perhaps resembling Gravenstein in color more than Oldenburg. It is not equal to either of these varieties in quality. The tree comes into bearing young, is an annual cropper and pro- ductive. Not recommended for planting in New York.
Historical. This is a comparatively recent introduction from England. It has not been extensively disseminated and so far as we can learn its cultiva- tion is not increasing in this country.
TREE.
Tree rather small, moderately vigorous with short, stout branches. Form spreading and inclined to droop. Twigs moderately long, curved, stout, with large terminal buds ; internodes medium in size. Bark brown, tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lcnticels numerous, conspicuous, medium size, round, slightly raised. Buds medium size, broad, flat, obtuse, appressed, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large, uniform. Form roundish oblate, slightly conic, ob- scurely ribbed ; sides usually unequal. Stem medium in length, moderately slender. Cavity acuminate to acute, rather wide, moderately deep to deep, sometimes with outspreading russet. Calyx below medium to rather large, closed or somewhat open. Basin rather small, shallow to medium in depth, medium in width to rather wide, a little abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thin, smooth, greenish-yellow or pale yellow, more or less thinly overspread with red, irregularly mottled, splashed and distinctly striped with pinkish carmine. Dots rather numerous, inconspicuous, light colored, sub- merged.
Calyx tube .rather short, cone-shape to funnel-form. Stamens median.
Core medium to rather large, usually axile; cells symmetrical, closed or slightly open ; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish, very slightly emarginate. Seeds rather dark brown, very wide, flat, obtuse to acute.
Flesh slightly tinged with yellow, moderately firm, a little coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, mild subacid, fair in quality.
Season September and October.
GLORIA MUNDI.
REFERENCES, i. Dom. Encyc., 1804 (cited by 4). 2. Am. Card. Cal.t 1806:585. 3.00x6,1817:117. fig. 4. Thacher, 1822:131. 5. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:476. 6. Fessenden, 1828:129. 7. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :No. 447. 8. Kenrick, 1832:49. 9. Floy-Lindley, 1833:86. 10. Downing, 1845:110. fig. ii. Cole, 1849:122. 12. Thomas, 1849:182. 13. Phoenix. Horticulturist, 4:470. 1850. 14. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:41. 1851. col. pi. No. 35 and fig. 15. Elliott, 1854:174. 16. Mag. Hort., 23:83. 1857. 17.
0
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 77
Hooper, 1857:39. 18. Warder, 1867:719,725. 19. Downing, 1869:191. 20. Fitz, 1872:168. 21. Leroy, 1873:407. fig. 22. Downing, 1881:11 index, app. 23. Hogg, 1884 185. 24. Wickson, 1889 -.245. 25. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 26. Green, Rural N. Y., 49:604. 1890. 27. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :240. 28. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898 :354. 29. Can. Hort., 23 75. 1900. 30. Briiner, N. C. Sta. Bui., 182 :20. 1903.
SYNONYMS. American Gloria Mundi (4, 7, 21). American Mammoth (7, 10, 15, 17, 19, 21 ). Baltimore (10, 12, 14, 21, 23, 26, of some 19). Balti- more Pippin (15, 17, 15). 5e//<? Dubois (23). 5r//<? Josephine (19, 21). Copp's Mammoth (22). Glasen-wood (10). Glazenwood Gloria Mundi (19, 21, 23). GLORIA MUNDI (i, 7, 10, n, 14, 16, 17, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30). Gloria Mundi (5, 10, 12, 13, 15, 18, 20, 21, 26). Impcratrice Josephine (21). JOSEPHINE (21). Kinderhook Pippin (14). Mammoth (21, 23). MAMMOTH PIPPIN (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 15, -18, 20, 26). Mammoth Pippin (7, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21 ). Melon (21). Mississippi? (19). Monstreuse Pippin (21). Monstrous Pippin (23). Mountain Flora (22). JV. Y. Gloria Mundi (3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 19, 21). Ox Apple (10, 12, 14, 15, 19, 23, 26). Pound (17). Vandync Apple (9).
Fruit of largest size ; seldom cultivated except for exhibition ; suitable only for culinary purposes. The tree is large, vigorous, spreading, hardy and long-lived. It has been commonly held to be unproductive, but a few fruit growers in Southeastern New York report that it is a good bearer and a profitable commercial variety. Season October to January.
Historical. The exact place of origin of this apple seems doubtful. In 1804 Mease stated, " It originated on the farm of Mr. Crooks, near Red Hook in New York" (i). Thirteen years later Coxe credited it with a Long Island origin (3). All that can be stated with certainty is that it is an old variety known in parts of Eastern New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania in the beginning of the last century.
FRUIT.
Fruit very large or large, uniform. Form roundish with truncate ends, slightly conical, ribbed ; sides usually unequal. Stem medium to short, moderately thick. Cavity large, acuminate, moderately deep to deep, broad, furrowed and compressed, sometimes slightly russeted. Calyx medium to large, open^or partly closed; lobes separated at base, short, narrow. Basin large, moderately deep to deep, rather wide, somewhat abrupt, sometimes compressed, furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin greenish-yellow sometimes with faint bronze blush. Dots small to medium, often areolar with russet center, or light colored and submerged. Prevailing effect yellow or greenish.
Calyx tube very large, long, wide, broadly conical extending to core or approaching cylindrical below. Stamens median.
Core medium to rather large, usually decidedly abaxile; cells symmetrical, open ; core lines usually clasping. Carpels broadly roundish to somewhat elliptical, slightly tufted. Seeds moderately dark brown, medium to rather small, rather narrow, short, plump, obtuse to acute, sometimes tufted.
Flesh slightly tinged with greenish-yellow, coarse, moderately crisp, rather tender, juicy, rather mild subacid, fair or nearly good in quality.
Season October to January.
78 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
THE GOLDEN PIPPINS.
The name Golden Pippin has been applied to several distinct varieties, the most important of which are mentioned below.
The Golden Pippin of England is a small, yellowish apple with shade of red, which is in season from November to March. This has already been described in Volume I, page 141.
The Golden Pippin of Westchester County, also known under the name of American Golden Pippin and by various other synonyms, is described as Golding, page 82, which is the name now accepted for this variety by pomologists. In addition to the varieties described below under the name Golden Pippin there are several other sorts which have been known under this name.
(I) GOLDEN PIPPIN.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1869:195. 2. Thomas, 1875:500. 3. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 1240.. .4. Ragan, U. S. B. P. /. Bui, 56 : 123. 1905. 5- lb., 56 :347- 1905.
SYNONYMS. Butter Pippin (i). GOLDEN PIPPIN (i, 2, 3, 4, 5). Large Golden Pippin (i). Mammoth (i, 2). Pound Royal (2, of some i). York Pippin (i, 5).
This variety belongs in the Fall Pippin group of apples. In Central and Western New York it is often called York Pippin. The fruit is large, coarse-grained, with a very pleasant flavor, and is suitable for either dessert or culinary uses. As compared with Fall Pippin the fruit is harder, keeps longer and stands shipping better in hot weather. In Western New York its season in ordi- nary storage extends from about September 20 to January i. It holds its flavor and quality well for a late fall and early winter sort. It frequently brings better prices than Fall Pippin, and we are informed it is sometimes exported. The tree is more spreading than that of Fall Pippin, and is perhaps somewhat hardier It is generally healthy, vigorous, quite long-lived, and when full grown becomes a pretty large tree. It is a reliable cropper, bearing good to heavy crops biennially or sometimes annually. There is apt to be considerable loss by premature dropping of the fruit, and unless proper preventive measures are taken the crop may be seriously injured by apple scab and codling moth, but with proper treatment
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 79
these pests may be kept under good control. Golden Pippin is grown to a considerable extent in various parts of New York state and in New England. In some sections it is regarded as one of the most desirable of the fall varieties for commercial planting.
Historical. The origin of this variety is unknown. It has long been in cultivation. In New York it is now found mostly in old orchards and, gen- erally speaking, its cultivation is not increasing.
FRUIT.
Fruit very large or large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish to roundish oblate, sometimes slightly conic, often with a broad flat base and broadly ribbed toward the apex. Stem long to medium, thick, sometimes swollen. Cavity acute to acuminate, medium in depth, broad, usually rather symmetrical, sometimes lipped, russeted and often with heavy, outspreading russet rays. Calyx rather large, closed. Basin deep, moderately wide to wide, abrupt, slightly furrowed, sometimes irregularly compressed.
Skin rather tender, green or yellowish changing to a deeper and rather attractive yellow when fully mature, sometimes with bronze blush and russet flecks. Dots small to rather large and conspicuous, greenish and submerged or with russet point.
Calyx tube wide, conical. Stamens median to somewhat basal.
Core rather small, somewhat abaxile ; cells open ; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels roundish or approaching elliptical, sometimes obovate, heavily tufted. Seeds few, often not perfectly developed, medium size, irregular, rather dark brown, rather plump, acute.
Flesh yellowish, coarse, rather tender, juicy, agreeable mild subacid, some- what aromatic, good to very good.
Season late September to December or January.
(II) GOLDEN PIPPIN.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1869:194. 2. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. SYNONYMS. GOLDEN PIPPIN (i, 2). Pittstown Pippin (i).
Downing states that this is an old apple grown many years ago in Adams, Mass. Tree upright and vigorous; fruit rather large, roundish oblate, soi re- times conic, greenish-yellow with blush; flesh yellowish, sprightly subacid, good for cooking; season September and October (i).
It appears that this variety is no longer propagated in New York.
GOLDEN REINETTE.
REFERENCES, i. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1885 -.32, 35, 38. 2. Ib., 1890 -.25 3. Ib.,Ia. Sta. Bui., 19:538. 1892. 4. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 1896:74, 80. 5. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bui., 152:221. 1898. 6. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:83. 1902. 7. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56:124. 1905.
SYNONYMS. No. 51 Vor. (i, 2). No. 10 (7). Solotoc rcnct (i). Zolotoi renet (7).
8o THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
In addition to the old English variety known as Golden Reinette which has been described in Volume i, page 142, there are at least two Russian apples that have been disseminated in this country under this name. One is a variety described by Munson as a promising autumn apple for Northern Maine, in season from September to December ; fruit small, golden yellow washed and splashed with carmine (4, 6). What appears to be the same variety was received by this Station from Professor Budd, Ames, la., in 1890. It is decidedly inferior to the standard varieties of its season, which are in general cultivation throughout New York. Possibly on account of superior hardiness it may have some value in the more northern or elevated regions of the state.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with short, moderately stout, curved branches. Form upright spreading or roundish, rather dense. Twigs long, curved, stout; internodes medium. Bark brown, mingled with reddish-brown, mottled with scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels numerous, conspicuous, large, oblong, raised. Buds prominent, large, broad, long, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to below. Form oblate conic to strongly roundish conic, flattened at the base, ribbed, rather irregular ; sides unequal. Stem short, thick. Cavity acuminate, medium in depth to rather deep, moderately broad, often compressed, usually not russeted. Calyx large, open or partly closed, leafy; lobes usually separated at base, long, acute to acuminate. Basin shallow to moderately deep, medium in width to narrow, usually abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin pale greenish-yellow with faint splashes and stripes of red.
Calyx tube large, wide, broadly conical. Stamens basal to median.
Core medium size, often abaxile; cells usually unsymmetrical, closed or open; core lines clasping or nearly meeting. Carpels broadly roundish to elliptical. Seeds medium brown, medium to below, plump, rather obtuse.
Flesh yellowish, crisp, juicy, mild subacid.
Season September to December.
The other Russian apple, above referred to, was disseminated some years ago by Professor Budd. In 1885 he remarked that he was sending out, under the name Golden Reinette (51 Vor.), a variety having fruit medium to large, golden in color, fine-grained, juicy, subacid, almost best in quality (i). In 1890 he stated : " This has proven a fine tree on a great variety of soils where the air had free circulation. Its northern limit is not yet known, but I have not known its wood colored at Ames when the Wealthy by its side in nursery was nearly killed. Fruit medium to large, golden yellow, fine-grained, subacid, and nearly best in quality. Season here, December to February, depending on time of picking and mode of storage" (2). In 1892 Budd further reported : " This has not proven true to name as received from the Bogdanoff estates in Russia. It is a member of the Anis family, of fine size and excellent quality. Season late fall, and early winter north" (3).
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 81
GOLDEN SWEET.
REFERENCES, i. Kenrick, 1832:37. 2. Downing, 1845:84. 3. Phoenix, Horticulturist, 1:361. 1846. 4. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1846:189. 5. Thomas, 1849:136. 6. Cole, 1849:102. fig. 7. Barry, 1851:280. 8. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3 :40. 1851. fig. 9. Elliott, 1854 :8i. fig. 10. Gregg, 1857 -.37. fig. ii. Hooper, 1857:41. 12. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 13. Warder, 1867:551. fig. 14. Downing, 1869:196. fig. 15. Wickson, 1889:244. 16. Lyon, Mich. Hart. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 17. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. 18. Wangh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:295. 1901. 19. Budd-Hansen, 1903:90. fig.
SYNONYMS. Early Golden Sweet (14). GOLDEN SWEET (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19). GOLDEN SWEETING (7, 10). Orange Siveet (6, 9). ORANGE SWEETING (i). Orange Sweeting (2, 13, 14). Trenton Early (9). Yellow Sweeting ? (i).
Fruit of good medium size, attractive clear yellow when fully mature, rich, sweet, very good in flavor and quality. Cultivated principally for home use. Of no commercial value except that it is sold in limited quantities in local markets. In season from the middle of August to the last of September. The tree is a good grower, healthy, hardy, moderately long-lived, comes into bearing rather young and yields moderate to heavy crops biennially.
Historical. An old Connecticut variety (2). Its exact origin is unknown. It has been pretty generally disseminated throughout the state but is nowhere grown extensively. It is listed by nearly all nurserymen (17).
TREE.
Tree large, vigorous. Form roundish spreading, inclined to droop, dense. Twigs long, curved, slender; internodes long. Bark brown, lightly mottled with scarf-skin ; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, oval, slightly raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit below medium to nearly large, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish to roundish oblate or somewhat ovate, regular or faintly ribbed. Stem very long, moderately thick. Cavity acute, of medium depth, medium in width to rather narrow, symmetrical, usually partly russeted, often with outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to small, closed; lobes medium in length, narrow, acute. Basin shallow to moderately deep, narrow to medium in width, somewhat obtuse, smooth, symmetrical, furrowed.
Skin thin, tender, smooth, waxy, yellowish-green becoming clear pale yellow when fully mature.
Calyx tube medium in width, cone-shape to truncate funnel-form. Stamens median.
82 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Core medium to rather small, abaxile; cells often unsymmetrical, open; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels ovate. Seeds medium to rather small, rather narrow, angular, acute, medium brown.
Flesh .yellowish-white, firm, fine-grained, moderately tender, juicy, very sweet, aromatic, good to very good.
Season mid-August to late September.
GOLDEN WHITE.
REFERENCES, i. Gibb, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883 :447- 2- Brodie, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1885:72. 3. Hoskins, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886:221. 4. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-7:16. 5. Can. Hort., 13:157, 332. 1890. 6. Beach and Paddock, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:252. 1895. 7. Beach, IV. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1896:50. 8. Buad-Hansen, 1903:91.
SYNONYMS. Be el Solotofskaja (i). GOLDEN WHITE (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). No. 978 (3, 5, 8). No. 979 (8). No. 981 (8).
Fruit of medium size, greenish-yellow, streaked with bright red in the sun, subacid, fair quality; season September. The tree comes into bearing rather young, and yields full crops biennially. Evidently not desirable for planting in New York.
Historical. A Russian apple received for testing at this Station from T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vt, in 1888.
TREE.
Tree rather small, a slow grower with short, stout branches. Form spreading, open. Twigs short, curved, stout, with large terminal buds ; inter- nodes short. Bark dull brown mingled with olive-green, coated with gray scarf-skin ; heavily pubescent. Lenticels scattering, large, oval or elongated, raised. Buds large, prominent, broad, plump, obtuse, free, much pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium size. Form oblate inclined to conic, flattened at the base, ribbed. Stem small to medium. Cavity small, acuminate, narrow, moderately shallow, russeted. Calyx open or partly open. Basin large, irregular, moderately deep, wrinkled.
Skin greenish-yellow nearly overlaid with red and striped with carmine. Dots numerous, large, light. Prevailing effect red or striped red.
Calyx tube large, cone-shape to funnel-form.
Core medium size, somewhat abaxile ; cells usually symmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish, emarginate, tufted. Seeds above medium, plump, wide, obtuse.
Flesh white with faint salmon tinge, fine-grained, moderately juicy, subacid, fair or sometimes good in quality.
Season September and October.
GOLDING.
REFERENCES, i. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :No. 479. 2. Kenrick, 1835: 64. 3. Downing, 1857:79. fig. 4. Mag. Hort., 30:162. 1864. 5. Warder, 1867:636. fig. 6. Thomas, 1875:226. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1877:6,
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 83
8. Barry, 1883:342. 9. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bui., 105:108. 1894. *°- Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:13. ii. Budd-Hansen, 1903:92. fig. 12. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56:125. 1905.
SYNONYMS. American Golden (12). AMERICAN GOLDEN PIPPIN (2, 4,
5, 7, 8). American Golden Pippin (3, 6, 10, n, 12). Golden Apple (12). GOLDEN PIPPIN (3, of Westchester Co., 6). Golden Pippin (5, of West- chester Co., 8 and 12). GOLDING (i, 9, 10, u, 12). Newtown Greening (3, 12). N. Y. Greening (3, 5, 6, 12). Ribbed Pippin (3, 12).
Fruit medium or above, yellow, sometimes with shade of brownish-red; flesh rather coarse, aromatic, subacid and excellent in quality for either dessert or culinary uses. It is much subject to scab and a comparatively large percentage of the crop is apt to be unmarketable unless thorough treat- ment is given to prevent injury from insects and fungus diseases. The tree is rather large, vigorous, hardy, long-lived and moderately productive yield- ing moderate to heavy crops biennially. In some sections it is regarded as a pretty good commercial variety particularly in portions of Eastern New York.
Historical. In 1857 Downing wrote (3) regarding this variety, that al- though it was one of the finest American fruits and an old variety, it was not generally known. It was said to have been cultivated in Westchester and adjoining counties for more than fifty years where it was considered profit- able for market and superior for family use. So far as we can learn Golding is now seldom or never planted in New York.
GRANDMOTHER.
REFERENCES, i. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881-82:39,73. 2. Budd, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1882:78. 3. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:105. fig. 4. Gibb, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:443. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1883:72.
6. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui., 1883:27. 7. Ib., 1885:18. 8. Schroeder, Mon- treal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 12:71. 1886-7. 9. la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1890:24. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. u. Budd, la. Sta. Bui, 19:542. 1892. 12. Mun- son, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:74,80. 1896. 13. Thomas, 1897:277. fig. 14. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1899 '-79- I5> Troop, Ind. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:80. 1899. 16. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76:54. 1902. fig. 17. Budd- Hansen, 1903 192.
SYNONYMS. Baboushkino (i). Babuscheno (16, 17). BABUSCHKINO (3). Babushkino (4, 7). Bogdanoff (14). Bogdanoff Steklianka (14). GRAND- MOTHER (2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, u, 12, 13, 14, 15, 1 6, 17). Grandmother (3). GRAND MOTHER (i, 10). No. 6 M (i, 2, 6, 9, n). No. 6 (8). No. 469 (i, 2, 3.. 6, 7, n, 12, 16, 17). No. 84 Vor. (9, n). Red Reinette (14).
Fruit of good medium size, greenish-yellow, sometimes with slight blush. It shows the marks of handling readily, is not very uniform in size nor does it excel _n ouality. Season late fall and early winter. The tree is a good thrifty grower, conies into bearing young, is reliably productive and is almost an annual bearer, yielding moderate to good crops. It does not appear to be valuable for planting in New York.
Historical A Russian variety which has been disseminated for trial in various sections of the country. It has been thus far but little planted in this state.
84 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
TREE.
Tree large, rather vigorous with long, stout branches. Form spreading, rather flat, open. Twigs medium length, curved, moderately stout ; inter- nodes short. Bark dark brown or reddish-brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin ; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, roundish, raised. Buds medium to large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to rather large. Form ovate to roundish conic, quite flat at base, a little angular; sides unequal; fairly uniform. Stem short or very short, rather thick. Cavity acute to acuminate, narrow, moderately deep to shallow or scarcely depressed, much russeted and often with outspreading russet. Calyx large to medium, closed or somewhat open ; lobes medium in length, broad, acute. Basin deep to medium in depth, medium in width to rather wide, abiupt, usually furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin smooth, light greenish-yellow, sometimes with faint blush. Dots numerous, inconspicuous, light and submerged, or sometimes areolar with dark center.
Calyx tube medium in length, wide, broadly conical. Stamens basal.
Core medium to small or abortive, axile or abaxile ; cells symmetrical, usually closed; core lines meeting Carpels variable, irregular, broadly ovate or obovate, emarginate, slightly tufted. Seeds below medium to rather large, rather dark brown, plump, obtuse to acute.
Flesh with slight green or yellow tinge, moderately firm, coarse, neither crisp nor tender, very juicy, subacid to briskly subacid, slightly aromatic, fair to good in flavor and quality.
Season November to January.
GRAVENSTEIN.
REFERENCES, i. Forsyth, 1824:105. 2. Pom. Mag., s:No. 98. 1830. col. pi 3. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :No. 489. 4. Kenrick, 1832:34. 5. Floy-- Lindley, 1833:52. 6. Manning, 1838:53. 7. Ib., Mag. Hort., 7:45. 1841. 8. Downing, 1845 :8s. fig. g. Horticulturist, 1:196. 1846. 10. Cole, 1849 :iio. fig. n. Thomas, 1849:149. fig. 12. Horticulturist, 5:200. 1850. 13. Barry, 1851 :284- 14. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:32, 104. 1851. fig., col. pi. No. 28. 15. Hovey, 2:15. 1851. col. pi. 16. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 17. Elliott, 1854:83. 18. Gregg, 1857:43. fig. 19. Hooper, 1857:41,107,111. 20. De Wolf and Hovey, Mag. Hort., 23:444. 1857. 21. Warder, 1867:487. fig. 22. Fitz, 1872:143,149,152. 23. Leroy, 1873:338. fig. 24. Horticulturist, 30:32. 1875. 25' Downing, 1881:11 index, app. 26. Hogg, 1884:96. 27. Wickson, 1889 :243. 28. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890 :292. 29. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. 30. Stinson, Ark. Sta. An. Rpt., 6:55. 1893. 31. Gaucher, 1894 :No. 10. col. pi. 32. Saunders, Ont. Fr. Gr. Assn. An. Rpt., 27:51. 1895. 33. Amer. Card., 16:381. 1895. fig. 34. Burrill and McCltier, III. Sta. Bui, 45 :303. 1896. 35. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898 :354- 36. Can. Hort., 22:133. 1899. 37. Van Deman, Rural N. Y., 59:20. 1900. 38. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 8:8. 1901. figs. 39. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt.., 14:295. 1901. 40. Can. Hort.., 25:167. 1902. fig. 41. Budd-
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 85
Hansen, 1903:93. fig. 42. Bruner, N. C. Sta. Bui., 182:20. 1903. 43. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui., 48:43. 1903. 44. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:122. 1904.
SYNONYMS. Blumcn-C alvill (31). Cak'illc de Gravenstein (31). Calville Grafensteiner (23, 31). Diel's Somnierhonig (31). Early Congress (25). Grafen-Apfel (31). Grafensteiner (15, 23, 31). Grave Slige (23). Grave Slije (8, 15, 17, 31). GRAVENSTEIN (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, i3, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 4-j ). Gra-'enstcin (31). GRAVENSTEINER (31). Graven- sterner (23). Gravenstine (31). Ohio Nonpareil (17, 23, 31). Paradies Apfel (31). Pomme Gracfenstein (31). Prinsessin-Apfel (31). ^i/>/> ^/?/r/ (31). Sabine (31). Sabine of the Flemings (15, 23). Strohmcr (31). Stromling (31). Tom Harryman (31).
Gravenstein is an apple of good size, attractive appearance and excellent quality. For culinary purposes it is perhaps unexcelled by any variety of its season. It often sells at comparatively high prices. In many sections of the state the tree is regarded as not quite hardy, being somewhat subject to snnscald and canker. It comes into bearing moderately early, is quite productive and a pretty reliable cropper. The crop ripens continuously during a period of several weeks and should have two or three pickings. Beginning in the latter half of September it continues in season till early November. When properly handled a considerable portion of the fruit may remain apparently sound much later than this but the color fades and the quality and flavor deteriorate. As com- pared with other varieties of its class it stands up well in good dry cold storage (44). There is apt to be considerable loss from the dropping of the fruit before it is properly colored and there is also a rather high percentage of low grade or unmarketable fruit. In spite of these serious faults its cultivation in commer- cial orchards is gradually increasing in some sections of the state, particularly in portions of the Hudson valley where fruit growers find it a desirable apple for both domestic and foreign markets.
Historical. The following excellent account of the history of this variety was given by Hovey in 1851 (15). "The origin of the Gravenstein remains in some doubt. It is said to have been originally found in the Duke of Augustinberg's garden at Gravenstein, in Holstein, and that the original tree was growing there in the middle of the last century; another statement is, that it derived its name from being found in the garden of the castle of Grafenstein, in Sleswick ; and Diel says, that it was supposed by some to
86 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
have been introduced from Italy. Be this as it may, it is a common apple throughout Germany and Sweden, and was received from thence into the English collections. It is undoubtedly of similar origin with the Red Astra- chan and Duchess of Oldenburg, possessing the peculiar habit of growth, form of foliage, and texture of the fruit, which distinguish the German apples.
"At what time it was first introduced into our gardens we are not aware. But as neither Coxe or Thacher describe or name it, we suppose it was some time subsequent to the account given of it in the Transactions of the London Horticultural Society in 1822. It is at the present time considerably culti- vated, though not to the extent its merits deserve."
In 1857 Captain DeWolfe stated that the Gravenstein was imported by him from Denmark in May, 1826 (20). In a letter dated October n, 1829, published in the New England Farmer, Judge Buel, of Albany, called at- tention to the importation of Gravenstein and other German apples, trees of which he had presented to the members of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Hovey states that in view of this it appears that Gravenstein was imported to the vicinity of Albany probably prior to 1826 (20). After these early importations Gravenstein gradually found its way into cultivation in various portions of the country. For many yetrs it has been pretty gen- erally disseminated through New York state, but in most localities it is grown to a limited extent only.
TREE.
Tree large, vigorous. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs medium to long, curved, moderately stout; internodes long. Bark brownish- red, mingled with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin ; pubescent. Lenticeh very scattering, medium to small, oblong, not raised. Buds medium in size, plump, acute, free, pubescent.
FJXUIT.
Fruit large to above medium, fairly uniform in size but not in shape. Form oblate to roundish, somewhat irregular, broad at the base, slightly angular about the basin. Stem short to medium, thick. Cavity rather large, acute to acuminate, moderately deep to deep, rather narrow to broad, irregu- larly russeted. Calyx large, open or sometimes closed ; lobes large, long, very broad, acute. Basin irregular, medium in depth to deep, medium to wide, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, wrinkled.
Skin thin, tender, slightly rough, greenish-yellow to orange-yellow over- laid with broken stripes of light and dark red. Dots few, small, light. Pre- vailing effect yellow striped.
Calyx tube large, conical to funnel-shape. Stamens median.
Core medium in size, strongly abaxile; cells open; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels broadly ovate, emarginate. Seeds medium to large, medium in width, rather long, plump, acute to acuminate, medium brown.
Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately fine, crisp, moderately tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, aromatic, very good to best.
Season late September till early November.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 87
RED TYPES OF THE GRAVENSTEIN.
Several instances are known where bud sports of the Gravenstein have originated which bear highly colored red fruit, but in other respects are quite like the typical Gravenstein. Some of these sports have neither been described nor propagated but others of them have been introduced into cultivation under distinct names. Gaucher and Leroy each describe a Red Gravenstein.1 A Red Gravenstein which originated in Nova Scotia is now cultivated under the name Banks. For an account of this variety the reader is referred to Banks, page 14.
GREAT MOGUL.
REFERENCES, i. Regel, 1:453. 1868. 2. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui., 1885:24, 35, 36, 37. 3. Lyon, U. S. Pom. Bui., 2:41. 1888. 4. Budd, la. Sta. Bui., 18:519. 1892. 5. Troop, hid. Sta. Bui., 53:124. 1894. 6. Stinson, Ark. Sta. An. Rpt., 9:105. 1896. 7. Troop, Ind. Sta. Rpt., 12:80. 1899. 8. Ib., la. Sta. Bui, 41:85. 1899. 9- Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56:128. 1905.
SYNONYMS. GREAT MOGUL (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). 54 M (3). Grosser Mogul (2, 9). Vilikui Mogul (2, 9).
Fruit large, greenish, blushed and striped with red, somewhat resembling Alexander in type but tending to be more oblong, less broadly striped with carmine, and on the whole less attractive in color and form. Tree a fine grower, comes into bearing rather young, is an annual bearer and productive. It is not recommended for growing in New York.
Historical. An apple of Russian origin which was introduced into the United States about twenty-five years ago (i, 2, 3).
TREE.
Tree a good grower when young but when full grown is rather below medium size. Form open, spreading, rather drooping with rather short stout branches and drooping laterals. Twigs below medium to short, stout, irregu- larly geniculate. Bark clear brownish-red to very dark brown almost black, mottled lightly with gray scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels very con- spicuous, medium to large, oblong, generally elongated and russeted. Buds very prominent, large, broad, plump, acute, free, lightly attached to the bark, scales not well united, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit large to very large. Form roundish ovate, sometimes varying to oblong conic or to oblate conic, slightly angular. Usually the fruit is pretty regular in form, shape and size. Stem medium to nearly long, rather thick, often clubbed or swollen. Cavity usually very acuminate, sometimes acute, moderately deep, moderately wide, sometimes with outspreading russet rays, smooth, symmetrical, often lipped. Calyx medium to rather large, closed or
1 Leroy, 1878:339. Gaucher, 1894: No. n.
88 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
slightly open, lobes long, broad, acute. Basin rather small, often oblique, narrow to medium in width, shallow to moderately deep, somewhat abrupt, smooth or slightly wrinkled, symmetrical.
Skin rather thick, tough, smooth, somewhat waxy, pale greenish-yellow more or less overspread with rather bright pinkish-red, often indistinctly striped with carmine. Dots inconspicuous, numerous, small, scattering, gray.
Calyx tube medium, elongated, conical or somewhat funnel-form with wide limb and fleshy pistil point projecting into the base. Stamens marginal to median.
Core somewhat abaxile ; cells often unsymmetrical, varying from wide open to nearly closed ; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels broadly ovate, elongated, slightly emarginate. Seeds numerous, compactly filling the cells, medium to large, variable in shape, rather short, very wide, plump, obtuse or sometimes acute, light brown.
Flesh nearly white, slightly tinged with yellow, not very firm, moderately fine, not crisp, tender, juicy, subacid mingled with sweet, fair to good in quality.
Season October to December.
GREEN SEEK-NO-FURTHER.
REFERENCES, i. Coxe, 1817:131. fig. 2. Kenrick, 1832:53. 3. Thomas, 1849:181. fig. 4. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:38. 1851. fig. 5. Elliott, 1854:137. 6. Warder, 1867:720. 7. Downing, 1869:202.
SYNONYMS. Autumn Seeknofurthcr (4). Bracy's Seek-no-further (5). Flushing Seek-no-further (7). GREEN SEEK-NO- FURTHER (3, 5, 6, 7). SEEKNOFURTHER (4). Seeknofurther (5, 7, of Coxe 3). SEEK-NO-FURTHER (i). White Seek-no-further (7). WINTER SEEK-NO-FURTHER (2).
A large yellowish-green apple with faint blush of orange-red, very good in quality ; season early winter. The tree is a rather slow grower, but eventually forms a regular, compact head and is quite productive. Desirable for the home orchard (i, 7.)
Historical. The earliest description of this variety which we find is that given by Coxe ( i ) who remarks that it is a native of one of the eastern states. Downing states that it originated in the garden of William Prince, Flushing, N. Y. (7). It is now seldom found in cultivation in New York.
FRUIT.
Fruit large. Form roundish conic or a little inclined to oblate conic, ribbed. Stem short to medium, thick. Cavity large, acute to somewhat acuminate, deep, broad, more or less marked with faint greenish-russet. Calyx moderately large, closed or slightly open. Basin deep, rather wide, abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin moderately thick, tough, greenish-yellow or yellow with faint orange- red blush. Dots variable, large and small, often irregular, areolar with russet center or whitish and submerged.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 89
Calyx1 tube large, moderately long, wide, conical. Stamens median.
Core small, axile; cells symmetrical, closed; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels roundish to broadly ovate, tufted. Seeds rather numerous, above medium, narrow, long, acute to acuminate, tufted.
Flesh yellowish-white, moderately coarse, crisp, tender, very juicy, sprightly, rich subacid, very good.
Season October to January.
GROSH.
REFERENCES, i. Western Horticultural Review, 1853 (cited by 4). 2. Card. Monthly, 1861:124 (cited by 3). 3. Kenrick, Mag. Hort., 29:73. 1863. fig. 4. Warder, 1867 -.464, 735. fig. 5. Warder, 1867 720. 6. Downing, 1869 -2O5- 7. Ib., 1869:89. 8. Ib., 1872:37 app. 9. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1877:16. 10. Barry, 1883:356. n. Thomas, 1885:528. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:252. 13. ///. Sta. Bui, 45 :345. 1896. 14. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897 :i3. 15. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bui, 143:200. 1897. 16. Van Deman, Rural N. Y., 58:722. 1899. fig. 17. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56:132. 1905.
SYNONYMS. BEAUTY OF THE WEST (7, 13). Beauty of the West (17). Big Rambo (4, 8, 16, 17). Cummings Rambo (17). English Rambo (16). French Rambo of some (17). GROSH (5, 6, 14, 15, 16, 17). Grosh (9). Crash's Mammoth (17). Large Rambo (17). Large Summer Rambo (17). Lothringer Rambour (17). Mammoth Rambo (17). Monstrous Rambo (17). Musgrove (16). Musgrove's Cooper (4, 7, 8, 17). Naylor Rambo (17). OHIO BEAUTY (2). Ohio Beauty (4, 7, 8, 16, 17). Pickaway Rambo (17). Rambour Lorraine (17). Summer Rambo (9, 17). Sweet Rambo incorrectly (17). WESTERN BEAUTY (3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12). Western Beauty (7, 13, 16, 17, ? 14).
Fruit large, uniform and when well colored rather attractive, being mottled and striped with red. The flesh is tender, sprightly, pleasant subacid, in season from September till early winter. The tree is a strong grower, comes into bearing early and is a reliable cropper, yielding moderate to good crops almost annually. There is apt to be considerable loss from premature dropping of the fruit. So far as we can learn this variety has been as yet but little grown in New York. It appears to be worthy of further testing.
Summer Rambo much resembles this variety in general appear- ance but ripens about a month earlier.
Historical Origin unknown. It was first brought to notice in Ohio, where it has been much grown under the name of Western Beauty.
TREE.
Tree vigorous with very long, moderately stout, curved branches. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs long to below medium, somewhat
90 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
curved, moderately stout; internodes medium or below. Bark clear reddish- brown mingled with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lenticels clear brownish, conspicuous, quite numerous, medium or above, roundish, raised. Buds medium to large, prominent, broad, plump, obtuse, free or nearly so, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit large or very large, very uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate to somewhat conical, regular or sometimes elliptical. Stem short to above medium, moderately thick. Cavity acuminate to acute, deep, wide, often somewhat compressed, smooth and green or sometimes russeted, sym- metrical or gently furrowed, sometimes lipped. Calyx above medium to very large, usually somewhat open disclosing the yellow calyx tube; lobes sepa- rated at the base, rather long, often leafy, acute to acuminate. Basin often oblique, large, medium in depth and width to deep and rather wide, abrupt, usually somewhat furrowed.
Skin thick, tough, waxy, greenish-yellow becoming clear bright yellow when fully mature, washed and mottled with bright red and striped and splashed with carmine, except in highly-colored specimens the yellow predominates. Dots numerous, small to rather large, pale gray or russet, often areolar or whitish and submerged.
Calyx tube rather large, wide at the top, conical or approaching funnel- form. Stamens nearly basal to above median.
Core small to medium, axile or somewhat abaxile with hollow cylinder in the axis; cells symmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish to ovate, emarginate, often tufted. Seeds mod- erately numerous, moderately dark brown, often abortive, medium size, mod- erately wide, obtuse to acute.
Flesh whitish, slightly tinged with yellow, rather firm, medium to rather coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, a little aromatic, good or some- times very good.
Season September to January.
GRUNDY.
REFERENCES, i. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76:56. 1902. 2. Budd-Hansen, 1903 '-95- 3- Jeivell Nursery Co. Cat., 1903 7. 4. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui.,
56:133- IQOS-
SYNONYMS. GRUNDY (i, 2, 3, 4). Thompson Seedling No. 38 (i, 2, 3, 4).
Fruit large, regular, subacid, yellow marbled with red. Season September and October. Tree vigorous, spreading, productive: Originated from seed taken from New York to Grundy county, Iowa, by Mrs. J. S. B. Thompson in 1861. It has received favorable notice as a hardy variety in that region, but has not been sufficiently tested in this state to determine its value here (2).
HAAS
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 91
HAAS.
REFERENCES. I. Horticulturist, 25:55. 1870. 2. Downing, 1872 :io app. fig. 3. Barry, 1883:345. 4. Thomas, 1885:512. 5. Can. Hort., 11:69, 73. 1888. 6. Bailey, ^4n. //or*., 1892 -.240. 7. Woolverton, Owf. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., i -.24. 1894. 8. Stinson, Ark. Sta. Bui., 43:103. 1896. 9. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1896:70. 10. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:296. 1901. n. Munson, Me. Sta. Bui., 82:95. 1902. 12. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bui., 106:53. JQ02- 13. Hansen, 5. D. Sta. Bui., 76 156. 1902. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :96. fig. 15. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui., 205 :44. 1903. 16. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:123. 1904.
SYNONYMS. FALL QUEEN (2, 3, 7). Fall Queen (4, 5, 14, 16). Gros Pomier (2, 14). Gros Pommicr (2). HAAS (5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16). Haas (2, 3, 7). HASS (8). Horse, of some (2). Hoss (i). Hoss (2).
Fruit of good medium size and very attractive bright red color but only fair in quality. With some growers it has proved profit- able because the tree comes into bearing young and is very thrifty, hardy and productive, but on account of the inferior quality of its fruit doubtless it will be eventually wholly supplanted by better kinds.
Historical. Originated on the grounds of Gabriel Cerre, St. Louis, Mo. (2). It has been widely disseminated throughout the Middle West and Southwest where it is recognized as one of the hardiest of American apples. In New York it has been planted to a limited extent only and its cultivation is not increasing.
TREE.
Tree large, very vigorous with long, slender branches. Form at first com- paratively tall and upright but becoming spreading or roundish. Twigs long, curved, slender with large terminal buds ; internodes long. Bark brown or reddish-brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, oval, not raised. Buds medium to large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to above. Form oblate a little inclined to conic, somewhat ribbed ; sides usually unequal. Stem medium to short, thick, often partly red. Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, broad, usually symmetrical, more or less covered with thin greenish-russet. Calyx small to medium, closed or nearly so; lobes separated at base, short, narrow, acuminate. Basin moderately narrow, rather deep, abrupt, smooth or slightly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thin, tough, smooth, yellow, mottled, washed and nearly covered with deep bright red or brownish-red, striped and splashed with deep carmine. Dots small to rather large, inconspicuous, numerous, pale or russet. Prevail- ing effect red striped with carmine.
92 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Calyx tube very variable, rather long and wide, conical or approaching funnel-form. Stamens median or below.
Core below medium to above, somewhat abaxile ; cells symmetrical, open or sometimes closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish to elliptical. Seeds dark brown, medium to large, of medium width, plump, acute.
Flesh white, often stained with red, firm, moderately fine, a little tough, moderately juicy to juicy, sprightly subacid, aromatic, a little astringent, poor to fair or sometimes nearly good.
Season October to early winter. In common storage the ordinary com- mercial limit is November (16).
HAGLOE.
REFERENCES, i. Coxe, 1817:107. fig. 2. Thacher, 1822:126. 3. Fessen- den, 1828:131. 4. Downing, Horticulturist, 3:249. 1848. 5. Thomas, 1849: 141. 6. Downing, 1854:146. 7. Elliott, 1854:137. 8. Hooper, 1857:42. 9. Horticulturist, 14:425. 1859. 10. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. n. Warder, 1867:596. 12. Barry, 1883:334. 13. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. 14. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:17. 15. Budd-Hansen, 1903:96.
SYNONYMS. HAGLOE (7, 8, n, 12, 13, 14, 15). HAGLOE CRAB (i, 2, 3), but incorrectly. SUMMER HAGLOE (4, 5, 6, 9, 10). Summer Hagloe (7).
In 1817 Coxe gave the following description of this variety (i). "The fruit, when fully ripe, has a yellow ground streaked with bright red — the size about middling, the form round, flat at the ends ; the stalk large — • the flesh remarkably soft and woolly, but not dry — the taste acid, but highly flavoured. * * * It ripens in August and September ; keeps a long time without rotting — it bears abundantly and early : the growth of the tree is very uncommon; thick strong shoots; buds, particularly at the extremity of the branches, very large ; the colour of the wood dark — the size of the tree small : the Hagloe is an uncommonly fine cooking apple ; and from its great beauty and large size, added to its abundant bearing, is a valuable market fruit."
The tree is not a very good grower but comes into bearing rather young and yields moderate to good crops annually or nearly annually. The quality of the fruit is such that it is valued chiefly for culinary use and market. It is of good size and pretty uniform but the color is predominantly pale yellow rather faintly striped with red. It is not sufficiently attractive for a good market sort.
Historical. It is now held that Hagloe originated in America (14, 15). Coxe and some later writers confused this variety with the English cider fruit known as Hagloe Crab but eventually this error was discovered (4) and the name Summer Hagloe came to be commonly accepted among pomol- ogists for this variety, under which name it was listed by the American Pomological Society in 1862 (10). In 1899 the name was changed to Hag- loe (14) in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society. This variety is but little known in New York.
TREE.
Tree rather small, a slow grower with moderately long, crooked branches. Form flat, spreading, rather dense. Tzvigs short, straight, stout with large
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 93
terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark brown with some olive-green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin ; pubescent near tips. Lenticels scattering, large to medium, oblong, raised. Buds medium to large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large, pretty uniform. Form roundish truncate to roundish conic, ribbed; sides often unequal. Stem short to medium, rather thick. Cavity acute, medium in width and depth, symmetrical, russeted and with rather irregular, outspreading russet. Calyx below medium to above, closed or open ; lobes often separated at the base, narrow, acuminate. Basin moderately deep, narrow to medium in width, abrupt, nearly smooth.
Skin rather tender, smooth, somewhat glossy, pale greenish-yellow washed and mottled with pinkish-red marked with splashes and narrow stripes of bright carmine. Dots light, inconspicuous. Prevailing effect yellow, faintly striped.
Calyx tube moderately long, wide, conical. Stamens basal.
Core usually small, axile to abaxile ; cells usually open ; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly ovate, emarginate, tufted. Seeds rather light brown, small to medium, roundish, very plump, obtuse.
Flesh white, moderately fine, tender, rather juicy, sprightly subacid, good for culinary purposes.
Season late August and September.
HARVEST REDSTREAK.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1857:214. 2. Warder, 1867:436. 3. Downing, 1869:211. 4. Thomas, 1875:501. 5. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56:138. 1905.
SYNONYMS. Early Red Pippin (5). Early Redstrcak (2). Early Red Streak (3). HARVEST REDSTREAK (2, 5). HARVEST RED STREAK (i, 3, 4). Striped Harvest (3, 5).
Fruit of medium size, smooth, greenish-yellow or whitish striped and splashed with red. Flesh whitish, coarse, subacid, good for culinary use; season August and September. It is not sufficiently attractive in color for a good market variety. The tree is medium to large, with round head, mod- erately vigorous to very vigorous and yields good to heavy crops biennially.
Historical. This is an old variety of unknown origin. It is rarely found in New York and is now seldom or never planted.
HASKELL.
REFERENCES, i. Manning, Mag. Hort., 6:172. 1840. 2. Ib., 7:45. 1841. 3. Thomas, 1849:145. fig. 4. Cole, 1849:108. fig. 5. Cultivator, 6:342. 1849. 6. Barry, 1851:284. 7. Elliott, 1854:137. 8. Gregg, 1857:43. 9. Downing, 1857:82. 10. Warder, 1867:385. n. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. 13. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53: 278. 1894. 14- Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48:44. 1903. 15. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:124. 1904.
94 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
SYNONYMS. HASKELL (14, 15). HASKELL SWEET (i, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, u, 12, 13). Haskell Sweet (4, 14, 15). SASSAFRAS SWEET (4). Sassafras Sweet (6, 7, 8, 9).
Fruit large, of good appearance for a greenish-yellow apple, sweet, excellent for culinary use, in season from September to late fall or early winter. The crop does not ripen uniformly. The earliest ripening fruit becomes fully mature in September while at the same time others are green and hard. In ordinary storage the commercial limit appears to be early November and in cold storage the middle of January (15). The tree is a thrifty grower, comes into bearing moderately young and yields full crops bien- nially. Desirable for the home orchard.
Historical. Origin, Ipswich, Mass. (2, 5). It is not commonly known in New York. It is occasionally listed by nurserymen (12) but is now seldom planted.
TREE.
Tree large, vigorous; branches long, moderately stout with numerous small spurs. Form upright spreading or roundish, rather open. Tiuigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout ; internodes long. Bark brown, heavily mottled with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, small, round, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit large or above medium, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish or oblate, regular. Stem short, usually not exserted. Cavity acute to acumi- nate, deep or moderately deep, moderately narrow to rather wide, somewhat furrowed, russeted and with some outspreading russet rays. Calyx large, closed. Basin wide, moderately deep, rather abrupt, smooth or somewhat wrinkled.
Skin greenish-yellow, more or less dotted and flecked with russet, occa- sionally with a bronze blush. Dots numerous, large, dark.
Calyx tube large, cone-shape to funnel- form. Stamens median.
Core rather small, axile; cells symmetrical, closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broad at the middle narrowing toward base and apex, emarginate. Seeds medium size, short, plump, obtuse.
Flesh yellowish, a little coarse, moderately crisp, tender, very sweet, aro- matic, very good in flavor and quality.
Season September to late fall or early winter.
HAWLEY.
REFERENCES. i. Hovey, Mag. Horl., 13:112,535. 1847. fig. 2. Culti- vator, 4:114. 1847. fig. 3. Leavenworth, Horticulturist, 2:27. 1847. fig. 4. Cultivator, 5:246. 1848. 5. Cole, 1849:112. fig. 6. Thomas, 1849:156.
HAWLEY
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 95
fig. 7. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:48. 1851. col. pi No. 24, fig. 8. Hovey, 2:39. 1851. col. pi. and fig. 9. Barry, 1851:284. 10. Horticulturist, 7:484. 1852. ii. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 12. Mag. Hort., 19:68. 1853. 13. Elliott, 1854:137. 14. Mag. Hort., 20:241. 1854. 15. Downing, 1857:82. 16. Gregg, 1857:44. fig. 17. Hooper, 1857:43. 18. Horticulturist, 13:481. 1858. 19. Warder, 1867:410. fig. 20. Leroy, 1873:375. fig. 21. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. 22. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:296. 1901.
SYNONYMS. Douse (3, 5, 8, 10, 13, 20). Dows (i, 3, 8, 13, 20). Dowse (2, 4, 6, 9, 10, 16, 20, 22). HAWLEY (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22). Howley (20).
Hawley is a very large apple of the Fall Pippin type in color, size and form. When the color is fully developed it is a handsome yellow. Season September and October. It is of delicious dessert quality and desirable for the home orchard but not well adapted for market because the tree is not very productive and the fruit often is scabby and sometimes it water-cores and rots at the core. The tree is a moderate grower in the nursery but in the orchard it is rather vigorous, medium in size to large, hardy and rather long- lived. It does not come into bearing very young. When mature it bears quite regularly but is usually a light or moderate cropper.
Historical. Originated on the farm of Mr. Mathew Hawley, New Canaan. N. Y., about 1750, from seeds which Mr. Hawley obtained from Milford, Conn. (T, 3). The original tree lived nearly a century. The variety gradually became disseminated throughout New York state. It has long been known in cultivation in different parts of the state, particularly in Columbia, Onondaga, Caynga, Tompkins, Seneca and Monroe counties. It is now rarely listed by nurserymen and is seldom planted.
FRUIT.
Fruit large or very large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form nearly globular to somewhat oblate or slightly conic, sometimes inclined to elliptical, more or less distinctly ribbed. Stem medium in length, rather slender. Cavity acute to nearly obtuse, deep, wide and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx below medium to rather large, partly closed; lobes often separated at base, reflexed, wide, acute. Basin moderately deep to deep, medium to wide, very abrupt, often decidedly furrowed.
Skin fair, smooth, waxy, rather thin, pale green deepening to yellow as it matures, sometimes showing a faint brownish blush, with scattering russet dots and flecks especially toward the cavity.
Calyx tube large, wide, cone-shape, yellow or brownish.
Core below medium to above ; cells closed ; core lines meeting. Carpels rather flat, tufted, roundish, emarginate. Seeds few, obtuse. When well developed they are medium in size, but often some are abortive.
96 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Flesh tinged with yellow, soft, very tender, rather fine-grained, juicy, rich, mild subacid, very good especially for dessert. Season September to November or later.
HAWTHORNDEN.
REFERENCES, i. Hooker, Pom. Land., 1813 :T. 44 (cited by 2). 2. Forsyth, 1824:106. 3. Pom. Mag., 1828 :No. 34. col. pi. 4. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :No. 530. 5. Mag. Hort., 1:326. 1835. 6. Manning, 1838:48. 7. Ib., Mag. Hort., 7:45. 1841. 8. Downing, 1845:86. 9. Cole, 1849:113. 10. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 17:18. 1851. fig. u. Barry, 1851:284. 12. Emmonsr Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:40. 1851. 13. Mag. Hort., 19:174- 1853. 14. Elliott, 1854:171. 15. Gregg, 1857:43. 16. Hooper, 1857:43. 17. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 18. Warder, 1867:410. fig. 19. Leroy, 1873:376. fig. 20. Thomas, 1875:501. 21. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1:10. 1876. 22. Ib., 5:24. 1879. 23. Hogg, 1884:105. 24. Rural N. Y., 45:233. 1886. figs. 25. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 26. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:241. 27. Gaucher, 1894 :No. 13. col. pi c8. Dempsey, Out. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 1:24. 1894. fig. 29. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:354.
SYNONYMS. Hawley (27) but erroneously. HAWTHORNDEAN (2, 6, 7). Hawthorndean (23). HAWTHORNDEN (i, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29). Lincolnshire Pippin (27). Lord Kingston (27). Maiden's Blush erroneously (10). Old Hawthorn- dean (23, 27). Pomme. de Hawthornden (27). Red Hawthornden (10). Shoreditch White (27). Weisser Hawthornden (27). Wheeler's Kernel (27). White Apple (27). White Hawthorndean (23, 27). White Haw- thornden (3, 4, 8, 10, 12, 14).
A Scotch variety which has done fairly well in various parts of this country from New England to California. Warder (18) says of it: "This famous Scotch fruit appears to do very well in this country, but it must yield the palm to its American cousin and representative, the Maiden's Blush, which possesses all its good qualities as a market and kitchen fruit, with attractive appearance."
The tree is said to be a vigorous grower and a biennial cropper, and the fruit is above medium to large, regular, fair, white sometimes nearly over- spread with faint blush that deepens to bright red in the sun. Flesh mild subacid, not of high flavor, pleasant, good. Season September and October.
We are not acquainted with this variety. It appears to be but little known among New York fruit growers. It is still occasionally listed by nursery- men (26).
HIBERNAL.
REFERENCES, i. Budd, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880:525. 2. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881:156. 3. Tuttle, Ib., 8:136. 1881-82. 4. Ib., 1883:98. 5. Gibb, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:440. 6. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1885:15. 7. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87 : 15. 8. Schroeder, Ib., 1886-87 71. 9. Craig, Ib., 1886-87:103. 10. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1890:20. n. Can. Hort., 13:216. 1890. 12. Budd, la. Sta. Bui, 19 :537- 1892. 13- Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:241. 14. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:57, 58. 15-
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. §J
Freeborn, Nat. Nurseryman, 1894:132. 16. Can. Hort., 17:7. 1894. I7» Card, and For., 8:340. 1895. 18. Mtinson, Me. Sta. R/>t., 1896:74. 19. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bui., 61 :30. 1897. 20. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:13. 21. Troop, Ind. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:80. 1899. 22. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:296. 1901. 23. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Bui., 37:39. 1901. 24. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui., 76:57. 1902. fig. 25. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 1902:83, 87. 26. Budd- Hansen, 1903 :98. fig.
SYNONYMS. HIBERNAL (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26). Hibernal (8). ATo. j/# (i, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 18, 25, 26). Orsimui (4, 5, 6). OSIMOE (8). Ronma (23).
A Russian variety which is proving valuable in portions of the Upper Mis- sissippi valley and the Northwest because of its ability to withstand the rigor- ous climatic conditions of those regions. Hansen says of it : " This variety represents what is probably the hardiest type of the Russian race of apples ; there are several sorts closely resembling, or identical with, Hibernal. Tree vigor- ous, very spreading, productive. The strong spreading growth makes it especially desirable as a stock for top-grafting, probably the best we have at the present time. Fruit large, irregular, oblate to roundish oblate coni- cal; skin thick; surface greenish-yellow, with a dull bronze mixed red on sunny side, with a few dull crimson splashes ; dots white, minute, obscure, often some large russet dots ; cavity regular, medium deep, with a large patch of russet radiating out irregularly over nearly the entire base, this is a marked characteristic ; stem medium, often short ; basin narrow, rather shallow, wrinkled; calyx half open or open. Core closed, meeting; tube funnel-shaped ; stamens median ; seeds few ; flesh acid, with some astrin- gency, juicy, good for cooking. Early winter" (24, 26).
Macoun reports "Flesh yellowish, crisp, tender, juicy, acid; core small; quality above medium; season September to November. Tree very hardy, a strong, spreading grower, and very productive. Although not a good dessert fruit this is a fine cooking apple and on account of its great hardiness and productiveness is one of the best of the Russian apples" (23).
HICKS.
REFERENCES, i. Hicks, Horticulturist, 21 :333. 1866. fig. 2. Downing, 1869:215. 3. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45:308, 316, 324. 1896. 4. Thomas, 1897 :639.
SYNONYMS. Buckram (2, 3). HICKS (i, 2, 3, 4).
A sweet apple of medium size, yellowish striped and splashed with crim- son; season middle of August. It is but little known except in certain locali- ties on Long Island. Not recommended for general planting in this state.
Historical. Hicks originated as a chance seedling and was brought to notice by Isaac Hicks, North Hempstead, L. I. (i, 2).
HIGHTOP SWEET.
REFERENCES, i. Thacher, 1822:128. 2. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:390. 1848. 3- Cole, 1849:97. 4. Phoenix, Horticulturist, 4:472. 1850. 5. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:16. 1851. fig. 6. Elliott, 1854:139. 7. Am. Pom. Soc.
98 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Cat., 1856. 8. Mag. Hort., 22:181. 1856. 9. Downing, 1857:151. 10. Gregg, 1857:40. ii. Warder, 1867:553. 12. ///. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1869:33.
13. Fitz, 1872:145. 14. Thomas, 1875:189. 15. Downing, 1881:11 index, app. 16. Barry, 1883:333. 17. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 18. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:250. 19. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:132. 20. Hos- kins, Rural N. Y., 1894 :248. 21. Biidd-Hansen, 1903 :99. fig.
SYNONYMS. Early Sweet (15). HIGH TOP SWEET (19). High Top Sweet (13). HIGHTOP Sweet (21). HIGH TOP SWEETING (i, 5, 6, 8, 12, 15). High Top Sweeting? (2, 3). SUMMER SWEET (3). Summer Sweet (5, 6, 9, 14). SUMMER SWEETING (2). SWEET JUNE (4, 10, 13, 18). Sweet June (6, 9, n,
14, 16, 19, 20, 21 ).
Fruit of medium size ; flesh yellowish, very sweet, 'rich and of very good quality; season July and August. Tree upright, vigorous, very productive.
Historical. In 1822 Thacher (i) remarked: ''This tree, it is believed, is peculiar to the old Plymouth colony. The first settlers, either from choice, or for want of other varieties, cultivated it more generally than any other apple. It is now much on the decline. The fruit is under the middle size; of a yellowish colour, pleasant taste ; but chiefly used for baking, and for drying. It is ripe in August, and is not long preserved. The tree is remark- able for its long upright stem."
It appears that this variety was introduced into Ohio from Connecticut and Massachusetts and afterward disseminated westward under the name of Sweet June. In 1892 Bailey (18) found that although various nurserymen were offering Sweet June for sale none of them mentioned Hightop Sweet. Some have held that the Sweet June of the West is not identical with the Hightop Sweet of Massachusetts (12). We have not had the opportunity of determining whether this is true, but if they are identical it appears strange that the name Hightop Sweet should be entirely dropped by those who are propagating it in the West. This variety is but little known in New York.
HILAIRE.
REFERENCES, i. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879 :453. 2. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:95. 3. Bailey, Mich. Sta. Bui, 31:54. 1887. 4. Downing, 1881:102 app. fig. 5. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bui, 83:87. 1900.
SYNONYMS. Cabane du Chien (3, 5, 6). Fameuse Baldwin, of some (5). ST. HILAIRE (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).
An apple which resembles Fameuse in the color of its skin and in the color and texture of its flesh, but the flesh has more of a sprightly acid flavor and the fruit keeps better than that of Fameuse. Waugh reports (5) that it is not now grown in the vicinity of its origin. Professor U. P. Hed- rick of the Michigan Agricultural College, who supplied the fruit for the following description, states that as grown in Michigan the variety is hardy, productive and gives promise of being a valuable acquisition.
Historical This is said to have originated in the orchard of Alexis Dery, Quebec (4). Probably a seedling of Fameuse (2). So far as we know it is not grown in New York.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 99
TREE.
Tree large, vigorous; a heavy alternate bearer (2). Twigs short, curved, slender; internodes short. Bark dark brown, with light coat of streaked scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, oblong, raised. Buds small, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to above, uniform in size. Form oblate to roundish-oblate, rather irregular. Stem medium, moderately slender. Cavity acuminate or acute, moderately deep and broad, not russeted, symmetrical. Calyx medium, usually closed ; lobes broad, obtuse. Basin medium in depth to shallow, mod- erately wide to rather narrow, rather abrupt, slightly wrinkled, symmetrical.
Skin thin, tender, smooth, pale yellow or whitish almost completely over- spread with attractive red of the Fameuse hue becoming as highly colored as the Fameuse or Mclntosh and covered with faint bloom; stripes obscure if any. Dots very numerous, small, red, sometimes gray or russet. Prevailing effect brilliant deep pinkish-red deepening to purplish-red.
Calyx tube long, rather narrow, funnel-shape. Stamens median to basal.
Core nearly axile, small to medium ; cells closed or partly open ; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels round, slightly emarginate. Seeds dark, numerous, medium to large, wide, obtuse to acute.
Flesh whitish sometimes tinged with red, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, good to very good.
Season November to January. A better keeper than Fameuse.
HE-TON.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1857:151. 2. Warder, 1867:721. 3. Thomas, 1875:502. SYNONYMS. None.
This variety originated in Columbia county, N. Y. According to Down- ing ( i ) the tree is vigorous and productive : the fruit large, yellowish-green, subacid, excellent for culinary purposes. Season September and October.
So far as we can discover this variety is not now known in cultivation.
HOADLEY.
REFERENCES, i. Goff, Wis. Sta.An.Rpt., 11:347. 1894. 2 Ib., Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1899:236. SYNONYMS. None.
A variety of the Oldenburg type which much resembles Olden- burg except that its season is about a month later. It is decidedly attractive in general appearance and of good quality for culinary purposes. The tree is a moderate grower, comes into bearing early and so far as tested here is very productive. It appears to bt worthy of testing where an apple of this type is desired.
IOO THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Historical. Received from the Wisconsin Experiment Station in 1896 for testing at this Station.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading when young. Tivigs short, straight, stout ; internodes medium. Bark brown and reddish-brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium to large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium to large, sometimes very large. Form roundish oblate inclined to conic, a little angular ; sides unequal. Stem short, thick to slen- der. Cavity acute to obtuse, deep, broad, pretty symmetrical, thinly and irregularly russeted. Calyx rather large, closed or partly open; lobes long, broad, acute to obtuse. Basin deep to medium in depth, rather narrow to moderately wide, abrupt, slightly furrowed.
Skin moderately thick, tough, attractive yellow or greenish-yellow largely overspread with rather light bright red, mottled and irregularly striped and splashed with carmine. Dots inconspicuous, small, submerged, pale.
Calyx tube variable, short, rather wide, funnel-shape, sometimes broadly conical with core lines meeting. Stamens median to nearly marginal.
Core medium size, abaxile ; cells open ; core lines meeting or slightly clasp- ing. Carpels broadly cordate or elliptical, slightly tufted. Seeds medium or below, wide, moderately long, usually plump, rather obtuse, dark colored.
Flesh tinged with yellow, pretty firm, a little coarse, crisp, tender, very juicy, brisk subacid, good.
Season late September to November.
HOG ISLAND SWEET.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1857:152. 2. Warder, 1867:721. 3. Downing, 1872:10 index, app. 4. Thomas, 1875:502. 5. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890 :2Q2.
SYNONYMS. HOG ISLAND SWEET (i, 2, 3, 4, 5). Sweet Pippin (i). Van Kleek's Sweet (3).
A beautiful and excellent sweet apple in season from September to early winter. It is an old variety which had its origin on Hog Island, near Long Island, N. Y. (i). It is but little known. The tree is vigorous and pro- ductive.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large, pretty uniform. Form roundish conical to oblate, broad at the base, regular or obscurely ribbed. Stem short to medium, mod- erately thick. Cavity acute, deep, rather broad, heavily russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to large, closed or partly open ; lobes short, broad, acute. Basin shallow to medium in depth, narrow to moderately wide, abrupt, broadly furrowed.
Skin thick, rather tough, somewhat roughened with flecks and patches of russet, pale yellow or greenish washed and mottled with red overlaid with
HOADLEY
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 101
broad and narrow stripes and splashes of carmine. Dots numerous, small, russet. Prevailing effect bright striped red over a yellow background.
Calyx tube long, wide, conical to funnel-shape. Stamens basal to median.
Core small to medium, abaxile to nearly axile; cells somewhat unsym- metrical, open; core lines slightly clasping the funnel cylinder or meeting. Carpels roundish obovate to elliptical, emarginate. Seeds medium or below, sometimes tufted, rather wide, rather short, plump, acute to somewhat obtuse.
Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, very sweet, somewhat aromatic, good to very good.
Season September to early winter.
HOLLAND PIPPIN.
REFERENCES, i. Coxe, 1817:109. fig. 2. Downing, 1845:86. 3. Ib., Hor- ticulturist, 3:345. 1848. 4. Thomas, 1849:156. fig. 5. Cole, 1849:110. 6. Downing, Chas., Horticulturist, 8:196. 1853. 7- Elliott, 1854:138. 8. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 22:555. 1856. fig. 9. Hooper, 1857:45. 10. Gregg, 1857:37. ii. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 12. Warder, 1867:506. 13. Wick- son, 1889:244. 14. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 15. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:241. 16. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:124. 1904.
SYNONYMS. FALL PIPPIN (i). French Pippin (7). HOLLAND PIPPIN (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16). Pie Apple (2, 7, 8). Reinette d'Hollande (2). Reinette d'Holland (7). Summer Pippin (2, 7, 8).
There are two varieties in cultivation in New York under the name Holland Pippin. One is a winter apple in season from late autumn to April or May which has already been described under the name Holland Winter, Vol. I., page 159. The other begins to ripen earlier than Fall Pippin and is in season during September and October. This variety was formerly confused by some with the Fall Pippin. The following comparison of the two varieties was given by Downing in 1848 (3).
" The Holland Pippin, though considerably resembling this apple in the growth of the tree, and size and shape of the fruit, is a totally distinct apple from the Fall Pippin. In fact, while the Fall Pippin is one of the best autumn table apples (at least in this dis- trict), the Holland Pippin is of very inferior quality for dessert, and is, in fact, only a cooking apple. As a kitchen fruit, however, it is one of the most valuable summer fruits we know — for it bears regularly and well, comes into use at the beginning of August, and continues fit for pies, tarts, and sauce, until October, when the Fall Pippin begins to ripen. The Holland Pippin is fit for use while
iO2 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
the skin is quite green, but the Fall Pippin, not until it turns quite yellow. Finally, the stalk of the Holland Pippin is short, and set in a wide cavity, while that of the Fall Pippin is large, and set in a cavity often narrow, and comparatively shallow. With these points of difference, these two apples ought not to be confounded."
Holland Pippin is grown to a limited extent for market. It appears to be more valued for this purpose in certain portions of the Hudson valley than in other sections of the state. The fruit is large and when kept free from scab its general appearance is good for a green apple. The crop ripens unevenly. Some of the apples ripen early and are correspondingly short-lived while others ripen later and keep correspondingly later. It varies greatly in keeping qualities in different seasons, some years keeping well till late fall or early winter (16). The tree is a good grower, hardy or nearly so, healthy, pretty long-lived and generally quite pro- ductive yielding moderate to heavy crops biennially or sometimes annually.
Historical. Origin unknown. It is an old variety which has long been in cultivation in this and adjoining states. It is still listed by nurserymen but it is not being planted to any considerable extent.
TREE.
Tree large or moderately large, vigorous. Form spreading or roundish. Twigs medium to long, curved, stout ; internodes medium. Bark dark brown, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin ; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small to medium, oval, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit usually large or very large, sometimes medium, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish often decidedly flattened at the end varying to oblate conic, obscurely ribbed. Stem medium to short, usually rather slender. Cavity acute or sometimes acuminate, medium in width to broad, moderately shallow to deep, usually covered with thick outspreading russet. Calyx pubescent, medium to small, closed or partly open ; lobes rather long, acute. Basin usually rather shallow but varying to moderately deep, medium in width to rather narrow, abrupt to somewhat obtuse, ridged and wrinkled.
Skin thin, tough, nearly smooth, rather pale yellow or greenish with more or less of a brownish-red blush which is conspicuously marked with large, irregular, areolar dots. Dots numerous, large and small, often submerged and greenish.
HOOK
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 103
Calyx tube wide, broadly conical to truncate funnel-form. Stamens below median to basal.
Core medium to large, abaxile ; cells unsymmetrical, open ; core lines meet- ing or somewhat clasping. Carpels broad, narrowing toward base and apex, slightly emarginate, a little tufted. Seeds medium size, rather narrow, acute to somewhat acuminate.
Flesh nearly white, medium to slightly coarse-grained, moderately crisp, rather tender, very juicy, brisk subacid, good for culinary uses.
Season September and October.
HOOK.
REFERENCE, i. (?) Mich. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1880:183.
SYNONYMS. None.
Fruit of good medium size, rather attractive pale yellow with tender flesh of mild subacid flavor. It is in season during October and November. It is especially esteemed for dessert use.
Historical. This variety was received from Schoharie county, N. Y., where it is well known and has the reputation of being one of the most desirable dessert apples of its season. We have not yet been able to deter- mine its origin, nor the extent of its distribution.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium size, pretty uniform in shape and size. Form roundish ovate or inclined to oblong conic, sometimes roundish truncate. Stem short, rather slender. Cavity acuminate, moderately shallow to deep, broad, often lipped, smooth or with some outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium size, usually somewhat open ; lobes rather narrow to wide, acute to acuminate. Basin medium in width and depth, obscurely furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin smooth, clear yellow or greenish-yellow. Dots inconspicuous, minute, usually submerged.
Calyx tube large, conical or approaching funnel-form. Stamens median or below.
Core rather small, axile ; cells symmetrical, closed or a little open ; core lines meeting or somewhat clasping. Carpels smooth, flat, obcordate to elliptical, emarginate. Seeds medium brown, rather large, wide, flat, obtuse.
Flesh whitish with slight tinge of yellow, very tender, fine-grained, juicy, mild subacid, somewhat aromatic, very good.
Season October and November.
HOWARD BEST.
REFERENCES, i. Bailey, Mich. Sta. Bui, 31 152. 1887. 2. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., ii 1223. 1892.
SYNONYMS. HOWARD'S BEST (2). HOWARD'S BEST RUSSIAN (i).
IO4 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
This is an attractive apple which bears a decided resemblance to Alexander in form, color and quality. The tree is a moderate grower, comes into bear- ing rather young and yields moderate to good crops almost annually. We have not yet determined whether or not it is superior to Alexander.
Historical. Received in 1892 for testing at this Station from C. G. Patten, Charles City, la. (2).
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with short, moderately stout, crooked branches. Form rather flat and spreading, inclined to droop. Tivigs short, straight, slender with large terminal buds ; internodes short to medium. Bark dull brown tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin ; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, oblong, not raised. Buds small, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium, usually large to very large. Form oblate conic, rather flat at the base, somewhat ribbed, symmetrical. Stem medium to long, thick. Cavity acute, deep, medium in width to wide, symmetrical, sometimes com- pressed, heavily russeted. Calyx large, open ; lobes separated at base, short, narrow, acute. Basin moderately shallow to rather deep, rather narrow, abrupt, distinctly furrowed to nearly smooth.
Skin rather tough, smooth, waxy, light yellowish-green, mottled, striped and splashed with bright, dark red over a large part of the surface. Dots indistinct, medium size, gray, scattering.
Calyx1 tube short, wide, conical or approaching funnel-form. Stamens basal to median.
Core medium size, nearly axile ; cells closed or slightly open ; core lines clasping or nearly meeting. Carpels very broadly ovate or inclined to ellipti- cal, slightly emarginate, tufted. Seeds medium to small, wide, short, rather flat, obtuse.
Flesh slightly tinged with yellow, firm, rather coarse, tender, very juicy, sprightly subacid, fair to good.
Season September and October.
HUNTER PIPPIN.
REFERENCE, i. Downing, 1876 :54 app. SYNONYMS. None.
A chance seedling which originated in Westport, N. Y. Downing de- scribes the tree as moderately vigorous and a good annual bearer; fruit medium size, whitish-yellow; flesh brisk subacid; season August (i).
So far as we can leani this variety is not being propagated.
HURLBUT.
REFERENCES, i. Cole, 1849:118. fig. 2. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:31. 1851. col. pi. and fig. 3. Downing, 1857:155. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 5. Warder, 1867:722. 6. Thomas, 1875:201. 7. Barry, 1883:347. 8. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:241. 10. Mun-
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 105
son, Me. Sta. Rpi., 1893:133. n. Dempsey, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 1:24. 1894. 12. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui., 45:326. 1896. 13. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18 :8g. 1902. 14. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48:45. 1903. 15. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:126. 1904.
SYNONYMS. HURLBURT (2). HURLBUT (i, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15). Hurlbut Stripe (3). HURLBUTT (5).
The general appearance of Hurlbut is good yet it is not particu- larly attractive either in size or color nor does it take first rank for either home use or market. The tree is a strong grower, comes into bearing moderately young and yields heavy crops biennially. Because of the tendency of the tree to overproduction in bearing years the size of the fruit is in many cases reduced and a con- siderable portion of it is too small to be marketable. Hurlbut has proved to be a profitable variety with some fruit growers but although it has long been known in cultivation and has been quite widely disseminated it has nowhere gained prominence as a com- mercial variety.
Historical. In 1849 Cole (i) wrote: "The original tree is still flourishing on the farm of General Leonard Hurlbut, Winchester, Conn." It is still quite frequently listed by nurserymen (9) but is not being planted to any consider- able extent.
TREE.
Tree rather large, vigorous or moderately vigorous. Form spreading or roundish and somewhat inclined to droop. Tzvigs moderately long, slightly curved, moderately stout to rather slender; internodes below medium to short. Bark dark brown to clear brownish-red, heavily mottled with scarf- skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, round, slightly raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit below medium to above, fairly uniform in size and shape. Form roundish, slightly oblate or inclined to oblate conic, somewhat angular, rather symmetrical. Stem medium to short, rather slender. Cavity acute, shallow to medium in depth, medium in width, symmetrical or compressed, usually covered with heavy outspreading russet. Calyx medium or below, usually closed; lobes medium to long, narrow, acute. Basin shallow to medium in depth, narrow to nearly medium in width, somewhat abrupt, smooth or slightly wrinkled.
Skin thick, tough, smooth, greenish-yellow largely overspread with brown- ish-red or dull red, splashed and striped with carmine. Dots scattering, in- conspicuous, usually submerged, sometimes russet.
Calyx tube very short, wide, truncate conical with fleshy pistil point pro- jecting into the base. Stamens marginal.
Core medium size, abaxile; cells wide open to nearly closed; core lines
io6 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels nearly round. Seeds numerous, rather large, moderately wide, long, rather plump, acute.
Flesh white or yellowish, moderately firm, rather fine, tender, crisp, very juicy, aromatic, mildly subacid, good to very good.
Season variable; October to December or January (15).
ISHAM.
REFERENCES, i. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 1242. 2. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53:310. 1894. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:17. 4. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76:60. 1902. fig. 5. Kan. Sta. Bui., 106:53. 1902. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903: 105.
SYNONYMS. ISHAM SWEET (i, 2, 3, 4, 5). ISHAM Sweet (6).
A red sweet apple of medium size, in season in late fall and early winter. It has been grown to some extent in some of the Western states but it has not been much tested in New York and it is doubtful whether it is desirable for planting in any portion of this state.
Historical. Isham originated from seed of Bailey Sweet. It was intro- duced about 1864 by F. K. Phoenix, Delavan, Wis. (2).
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading. Twigs medium to long, rather stout, in some cases quite blunt at the tips, straight or nearly so ; internodes rather long. Bark reddish-brown overlaid with heavy grayish scarf-skin, not pubescent or very sparingly so. Lenticels rather inconspicu- ous, rather scattering, irregular in size and shape, not raised. Buds large, prominent, fleshy, heavily pubescent, adhering to bark.
FRUIT (4, 6).
Fruit medium. Form roundish, slightly tapering. Stem short. Cavity regular, acute, with much radiating russet. Calyx open; segments flat, con- vergent. Basin very shallow, minutely wrinkled.
Skin yellowish-green mostly covered with brownish-red, solid and mixed on sunny side, striped and broadly splashed on the shady side. Dots distinct, russet, numerous, minute ; a few large russet dots.
Calyx tube funnel-shape. Stamens median.
Core closed ; cells round, entire. Seeds long, large, flat.
Flesh very yellow with yellow veinings, firm, very sweet, very good.
JACK.
REFERENCES, i. (?) Hooper, 1857:46. 2. (?) Downing, 1869:206. 3. (?) ///. Sta. Bui., 45:334. 1896. SYNONYMS. (Early Jack i)? (JACK APPLE i)? (OSKALOOSA 2, 3)?
Fruit of good medium size, yellow ; flesh very tender, rich, mild subacid. It is highly esteemed for its excellent dessert quality but it is too tender to stand shipping very well and on account of its irregular shape and yellow
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 107
color it is not sufficiently attractive for market purposes. The tree is not a vigorous grower and has rather slender twigs.
Possibly this is identical with Oskaloosa which has Jack as a synonym, (2, 3) but we have been unable to obtain fruit of Oskaloosa and the avail- able descriptions of that variety are so meager that it is impossible to deter- mine whether or not it is identical with the variety described above.
Historical. Jack is grown to a very limited extent in East Bloomfield, Ontario county, N. Y. We have not obtained it from any other locality. We have been unable to learn where it originated, or whether it is the Jack mentioned by Hooper (i).
TREE.
Tree not very vigorous with moderately long, slender, crooked branches. Form at first upright spreading but becoming roundish and rather dense. Twigs long, straight, slender; internodes short. Bark brown or reddish- brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin ; slightly pubescent near tips. Len- ticels quite numerous, rather conspicuous, medium size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds small, plump, obtuse, appressed, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium or above, sometimes rather large, not uniform in shape or size. Form oblate varying to roundish oblate or to oblate conic, very irregu- lar, obscurely ribbed, often with the sides somewhat furrowed and unequal. Stem short to medium, slender. Cavity acuminate, usually deep, medium in width, russeted, with concentric russet lines often extending beyond the cavity, sometimes lipped. Calyx medium size, usually open. Basin small to medium, rather shallow to moderately deep, narrow to medium in width, un- symmetrical, irregularly furrowed or nearly smooth.
Skin rather thin, waxy, glossy, attractive yellow with shades of green, sometimes faintly tinged with red and marbled with whitish scarf-skin over the base somewhat after the manner of Yellow Newtown. Dots mostly small and depressed mingled with a few that are larger, scattering and irregular with russet center.
Calyx tube medium in width and length, conical to somewhat funnel-form. Stamens median or below.
Core medium in size, somewhat abaxile ; cells usually symmetrical, some- what open; core lines clasping. Carpels elliptical, deeply emarginate. Seeds medium or below, wide, short, rather flat, obtuse, mingled with light and dark brown.
Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately firm, moderately crisp or breaking, very tender, moderately juicy, very mild subacid, very good for dessert.
Season October and November.
JARVTS.
REFERENCE, i. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., n 1223. 1892. SYNONYMS. Crandall Seedling (i). JARVIS (i). No. 25 (i).
Fruit large and when well colored partly overspread and striped with red; flesh tender, juicy, subacid, pleasant but not superior in flavor or
io8 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
quality ; season late September to early winter. It is possibly desirable for local market but it is not recommended for general cultivation.
Historical. The original tree is standing near Ithaca, N. Y., on land once owned by a Mr. Jarvis from whom the variety takes its name. It is grown to a limited extent in the vicinity of Ithaca but so far as we know is not cultivated in any other portion of the state. Received for testing at this Station in 1892 from C. B. Crandall.
JEFFERIS.
REFERENCES, i. Thomas, 1849:149. 2. Mag. Hort., 18:491. 1852. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1854. 4. Elliott, 1854:139. S.Mag. Hort., 21:62. 1855. 6. Gregg, 1857:44. 7. Downing, 1857:83. fig. 8. Hooper, 1857:47. 9. Mag. Hort., 24:109. 1858. 10. Hoffy, N. A. Pom., 1860. col. pi. n. Horticul- turist, 17:104, 150. 1862. 12. Warder, 1867:440. fig. 13. Barry, 1883:338. 14. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1888:570. 15. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rf>t., 1890:292. 16. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:242. 17. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45:309, 323. 1896. 18. Powell, Del. Sta. Bui, 38:18. 1898. 19. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1901 :g6. 20. Beach, Western N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1901:76. 21. Budd-Hansen, 1903:105. 22. Bruner, N. C. Sta. Bui, 182:21. 1903. 23. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui, 205:45. 1903. 24. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48:45. 1903. 25. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:126. 1904.
SYNONYMS. Everbearing (20). Grantham (17). JEFFERIES (10, 12, 14, 17, 20). JEFFERIS (3, 4, 7, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25). JEFFRIES (i, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, ii).
Fruit of medium size, yellow, blushed and splashed with red ; Mesh tender, mild subacid, delicious. It begins to ripen in Septem- ber and continues in season till early winter. Commercial limit October (25). It is an excellent variety for the home orchard but not for commercial planting because it ripens unevenly, is apt to be deficient in size and is not especially attractive in color. The tree is a moderately vigorous grower, hardy, healthy, comes into bearing moderately early and is a reliable cropper yielding full crops bien- nially.
Historical. Originated with Isaac Jefferies, Newlin township, Chester county, Pa. It was named after the originator by the Committee of the Penn- sylvania Horticultural Society which awarded this variety the premium for the best seedling apple exhibited in 1848 (10).
TREE.
Tree medium size, moderately vigorous. Form upright to roundish, open. Twigs short, straight, slender; internodes long. Bark brown mingled with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels
JEFFERIS
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 109
scattering, small, oblong, not raised. Buds small, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit small to medium, very uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate often inclined to conic, regular or obscurely ribbed. Stem medium length, thick to moderately slender. Cavity acute to acuminate, medium in depth to deep, medium to broad, symmetrical, russeted but slightly if at all. Calyx: small to medium, closed or partly open; lobes short, rather broad, acute. Basin moderately shallow to rather deep, moderately wide, somewhat abrupt, smooth or nearly so, symmetrical.
Skin thin, tough, greenish-yellow or pale yellow more or less blushed and mottled with moderately dull red overlaid with narrow splashes and stripes of carmine. Dots small, scattering, inconspicuous, submerged or russet.
Calyx tube narrow, conical to funnel-shape. Stamens marginal to median.
Core small, axile, or nearly so; cells slightly open; core lines somewhat clasping or meeting. Carpels elliptical to somewhat obovate, emarginate, sometimes tufted. Seeds numerous, medium to rather large, wide, long, flat, very irregular, obtuse.
Flesh yellowish- white, firm, fine, crisp, tender, very juicy, mild subacid, very good.
Season September to January.
JEFFERSON COUNTY.
REFERENCES, i. Horticulturist, 10:254. J855. fig. 2. Downing, 1857:156. 3. Warder, 1867:723. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 5- Thomas, 1875:201. 6. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292.
SYNONYMS. None.
This variety originated in Jefferson county, N. Y., hence its name (2). The tree is of medium size, moderately vigorous; form somewhat drooping; twigs rather slender. It comes into bearing young and is a reliable bearer producing some fruit nearly every year, alternating heavy with lighter crops. The fruit is yellow shaded and splashed with red, not very bright in color, in season during October and November. It is particularly suitable for dessert, the flesh being tender, rather firm, crisp, of good flavor and excellent quality but it is not regarded as a good market variety for there is apt to be a rather large amount of small, imperfect or otherwise unmarketable fruit and when the fruit does not color properly, as happens in many cases, it is of poor flavor. It was listed by the American Pomological Society in 1873. It has been sparingly disseminated in various parts of the country but is as yet little known. So far as we can learn it is not being planted in New York.
JENNETTING or JUNEATING,
This name has been applied by some to White Juneating. For a description of this variety together with Hogg's account of the derivation of the name the reader is referred to White Juneating, page 240.
no THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
JERSEY SWEET.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1845:87. 2. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1846:190. 3. Cole, 1849:110. 4. Thomas, 1849:145. fig. 5. Barry, 1851:284. 6. Em- mons, Nat. Plist. N. Y.. 3:25. 1851. 7. Waring, 1851:26. 8. Elliott, 1854: 86. fig. 9. Hooper, 1857:48. 10. lb., 1857:107, in. n. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 12. Horticulturist, 17:104, 150. 1862. 13. Warder, 1867:395. 14. Fitz, 1872:153. 15. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 16. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:242. 17. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53:278. 1894. iS. Mich. Sta. Bui., 118:60. 1895. 19. Ib., 143:200. 1897. 20. II)., 205:45. 1903. 21. Budd-Hansen, 1903:105. 22. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:126. 1904.
SYNONYMS. American (13). JERSEY SWEET (5, 7, 10, 12, 13, 16, 18, 21). JERSEY SWEETING (i, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 14, 17).
An early autumn apple of medium size. It does not always color well but under favorable conditions it is highly colored, rich in flavor, tender and excellent in quality for either dessert or cul- inary uses. It is one of the best of the sweet apples of its season for planting for home use in New York but it has proved unsatis- factory as a commercial sort because it ripens at a time when there is little demand for fruit of this kind, is not a good keeper, is apt to be scabby and does not always color well. The tree is hardy, moderately long-lived, comes into bearing young and bears nearly every year, yielding moderate to good or sometimes heavy crops. The fruit comes in season late in August or early in September and ripens in succession during a period of several weeks ; often some portion may be kept till early winter, but its commercial limit in ordinary storage is September or early October (22).
Historical. Origin unknown. Elliott calls it an American variety (8). It is pretty well known in different parts of New York state, but is now rarely found except in old orchards. It is commonly listed by nurserymen ( 16) but is now seldom or never planted except occasionally for home use.
TREE.
Tree rather large, moderately vigorous to vigorous ; branches long, moder- ately stout, filled with spurs. Form upright to roundish, open. Twigs mod- erately long, straight, slender; internodes long. Bark brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lenticels scattering, medium to small, oblong, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, appressed, pubescent.
JERSEY SWEET
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. in
FRUIT.
Fruit medium size. Form roundish ovate inclined to conic or to oblate conic ; sides unequal. Stem long to medium length, rather slender. Cavity acute, usually rather deep, varying to shallow, medium in width, occasionally lipped, sometimes slightly russeted. Calyx small, closed; lobes medium to long, narrow, acute to acuminate. Basin rather small, moderately shallow to rather deep, narrow to medium in width, somewhat abrupt, ribbed and wrinkled.
Skin thin, tender, at first greenish-yellow but becoming clear yellow washed and mottled with brownish-red and overlaid with narrow stripes of bright carmine. Dots inconspicuous, greenish, submerged.
Calyx tube narrow, conical to funnel-form, often with fleshy pistil point projecting into the base. Stamens median.
Core medium size or above, axile or nearly so; cells symmetrical, usually closed ; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels elongated ovate, tufted. Seeds medium to large, variable in length and width, acute to acu- minate.
Flesh yellowish, moderately firm, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, sweet, good to very good.
Season September to December.
JUDSON.
REFERENCES, i. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:17. 2. Ib., Rpt., 1901:49. 3. Hansen, 5. D. Sta. Bui, 76:62. 1902. fig. 4. Budd-Hansen, 1903:108. fig. SYNONYMS. JUDSON (i, 2, 3, 4). Thompson's Seedling No. 29 (3, 4).
Fruit large, green or yellowish, more or less covered with red, not especially attractive in appearance and only fair to good in quality. Season October to December. Not valuable enough to be worthy of trial in New York except perhaps in those districts where superior hardiness is particularly desirable.
Historical. Originated in Grundy county, Iowa, by J. S. B. Thompson.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with short, moderately stout, somewhat drooping branches. .Form open, roundish to spreading. Twigs above medium to short, somewhat curved, medium to stout, rather pubescent with large ter- minal buds ; internodes medium or below. Bark brown or reddish-brown tinged with olive-green, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, rather conspicuous, medium or below, round or irregularly elongated, not raised. Buds prominent, large to medium, broad, plump, obtuse, free or nearly so, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit large or very large, fairly uniform in size but not in shape. Form roundish conical or a little inclined to oblong, indistinctly ribbed, irregular;
112 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
sides often unequal. Stem short to medium, thick. Cavity very acuminate, deep, moderately narrow to rather broad, somewhat furrowed, irregularly russeted, frequently compressed. Calyx large, usually somewhat open. Basin moderately deep to deep, medium in .width, very abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin smooth, rather tough, clear bright yellow washed with red which sometimes deepens to a pinkish blush, striped and splashed with carmine and mottled over the base with dull scarf-skin. Dots scattering, small to large, pale gray, conspicuous. Prevailing effect greenish-yellow ; not par- ticularly attractive.
Calyx tube long, wide, funnel-shape. Stamens variable but usually median.
Core rather small, usually abaxile ; cells sometimes unsymmetrical, wide open ; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly ovate to elliptical, emarginate, sometimes tufted. Seeds rather dark brown, small to medium, rather numer- ous, very short, very plump, obtuse.
Flesh nearly white, firm, rather coarse, crisp, juicy, brisk subacid, fair to good.
Season October to December.
JULY.
REFERENCES, i. Rural N. Y., 1861 (cited by 15). 2. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 29:112. 1863. 3. Hanford, Horticulturist, 19:273. 1864. fig. 4. Warder, 1867:719. 5. Downing, 1869:181. fig. 6. Thomas, 1875:499. 7. ///. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:252. 8. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:471. 9. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 47:646. 1888. 10. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. n. Amer. Card., 12:570. 1891. figs. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:239. 13. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45:321. 1896. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903:108. 15. Ragan, U. S. B. P. L Bui, 56:160. 1905.
SYNONYMS. August (4, 15, of Cassel, Germany, 3). FOURTH OF JULY (2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13). Fourth of July (15, ? 5). JULY (i, 3, 7, 15). JULY, Fourth of (14). McAdoiv's June (4, 15). Siberian August (4, 15, of Germany 2). Stewart's Nonpareil (15, ? 4). TETOFSKI (5). Tctofsky, erroneously (4, 15).
This fruit closely resembles Tetofsky and some have considered the two varieties identical (4) but they are quite distinct in tree. It is not recom- mended for planting in New York because it is not equal to standard varieties of its season.
Historical Hovey states that " The Fourth of July apple, in Germany called the Siberian August apple, was sent from the Russian province Lief- land, in the year 1807, to the celebrated pomologist, Dr. Diel, and is cele- brated, like all our summer apples which originated in Russia, for its great productiveness and hardiness" (2). It was introduced into Columbus, O., from Cassel, Germany (3). It has been disseminated to a considerable extent in various parts of this country and is still listed by a considerable number of nurserymen (12).
TREE.
Tree vigorous. Form upright, roundish and rather dense. Twigs short, straight, stout with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark dull
JUDSON
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 113
brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin ; slightly pubescent. Lenticcls scattering, small, oblong, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit below medium to above, pretty uniform in shape but not in size. Form usually roundish conical, irregularly ribbed; sides often unequal. Stem medium to long, moderately slender, often bracted. Cavity acuminate to acute, moderately deep, medium to narrow, slightly furrowed, thinly rus- seted. Calyx medium to large, usually closed ; lobes medium in length, moderately narrow, acuminate. Basin rather shallow to medium in depth, narrow, somewhat abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thin, tough, smooth, rather glossy, pale yellow washed and mottled with red striped and splashed with carmine and overspread with whitish bloom. Dots small, numerous, submerged, inconspicuous, light, areolar.
Calyx tube variable in length, funnel-shape. Stamens median to marginal.
Core medium or below, axile ; cells closed ; core lines slightly clasping or meeting. Carpels roundish ovate or elongated ovate. Seeds very dark dull brown, medium size, moderately wide, short, plump, obtuse.
Flesh yellowish, a little coarse, crisp, tender, moderately juicy, sprightly subacid, fair to good.
Season last of July to September.
KAIGHN.
REFERENCES, i. Coxe, 1817:128. fig. 2. Downing, Horticulturist, 1:341. 1847. 3. Cole, 1849:125. 4. Thomas, 1849:173. 5. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:60. 1851. 6. Elliott, 1854:141. fig. 7. Hooper, 1857:49. 8. Down- ing, 1857:158. 9. Warder, 1867:681. fig. 10. Downing, 1876:55 app. n. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:242.
SYNONYMS. KAIGHN (n). KAIGHN'S SPITZEMBURG (i). KAIGHN'S SPIT- ZENBERG (3, 6, 9). KAIGHN'S SPITZENBERGH (2). KAIGHN'S SPITZENBURG (7, 12). KAIGHN'S SPITZENBURGH (4, 5, 8). KAIGN'S SPITZENBURG (10). Lady Finger (erroneously 6, 7). Long John (6, 7). Long Pearmain (6, 7). Ohio Wive (6). Red Pearmain (6, 7, 8). Red Phoenix (6). Red Pippin (6). 'Red Spitzenberg (6). Red Spitsenburg (8). Red Winter Pear- main (6). Russam (6). Scarlet Pearmain, erroneously (6). Downing states that Kaign's Spitzenberg and Long Red Permain, for many years considered identical, are in reality distinct varieties in both tree and fruit. He gives a long list of synonyms for Long Red Pearmain including all of the synonyms cited above and adds, " The true Kaign's Spitzenburg, so far as I know, has no synonyms " (10).
This is an old variety of New Jersey origin which has been disseminated through various parts of the West even to the Pacific Coast. The fruit is showy and the tree productive. The tree makes a spreading, straggling growth (i, n). According to Coxe (i) the fruit bears "a faint resemblance to the Esopus Spitzemberg but is more pointed toward the crown ; the color is a lively but pale red, faintly streaked and full of white spots; the
H4 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
skin is smooth, the stem long and deeply planted, the crown very hollow — the flesh finely flavored, yellow, juicy and tender." It is now practically obsolete in New York.
KALKIDON.
REFERENCES, i. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui., 1885:25. 2. Schroeder, Mon- treal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-7:76. 3. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:56. 4. Lyon, U. S. Pom. Bui, 2:41. 1888. 5. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., n :593. 1892. 6 Ib., 13:589. 1894. 7. Ib., 14:261. 1895. 8. Beach, Paddock and Close, Ib., 15:272, 281. 1896. 9. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:127. 1904. 10. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56:161. 1905.
SYNONYMS. KALKIDON (3, 4, 9, incorrectly 10). KALKIDONSKOE (i). KALKIDOUSKOE (5, 6, 7, 8). KALKIDOVSKOE (2). Khalkidonskoe (4, 9). Khalkidouskoe (3, 10). No. 540 (10). No. 94 (i, 2, 3, 10).
A Russian variety which was received from Ellwanger and Barry, Roch- ester, N. Y., in 1884 for testing at this Station. It is an apple of moderately attractive appearance and fair to good quality, in season in September and October. The tree comes into bearing moderately young and is a reliable biennial cropper. It is not recommended for planting in New York because it is inferior to standard varieties of its season.
FRUIT.
Fruit large to medium, fairly uniform in size and shape. Form oblate conical to ovate, regular or faintly ribbed. Stem medium to very short, moderately thick. Cavity acute to almost acuminate, moderately shallow to deep, medium in width, furrowed and compressed, russeted and with out- spreading greenish-russet rays. Calyx medium to large, closed or partly open ; lobes medium in length, broad, acute. Basin shallow to medium in depth, narrow to medium in width, rather abrupt, slightly furrowed.
Skin thick, rather tough, smooth, greenish or pale yellow, largely washed and mottled with dull red, splashed and striped with carmine. Dots variable in size, numerous, inconspicuous, submerged.
Calyx tube rather long, moderately wide, conical or funnel-shape. Stamens median to marginal.
Core small, axile or sometimes abaxile ; cells symmetrical, closed or open ; core lines clasping. Carpels ovate to elliptical, slightly emarginate, slightly tufted. Seeds medium to large, wide, plump, acute to obtuse, dark brown.
Flesh tinged with yellowish-green, moderately fine-grained, tender, rather juicy, mild subacid, fair to good.
Season September to midwinter (9).
KARABOVKA.
REFERENCES, i. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883.74. 2. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1885:7. 3. Gibb, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1885:274. 4. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:582. 1894. 5. Ragan, U. S. B..P. I. Bui, 56:161. 1905.
SYNONYMS. Kajaboivka (5). KARABOFF (2, 3, 4). Karaboff (i, 5).
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 115
KARABOVKA (5). Karabovka (3, 4). KARABOWKA (i). Karabowka (2, 4). No. 21 M (3, 4)- No. 205 (2, 3, 4, 5). Shro. to la. No. 21 (5).
A Russian variety received from Elhvanger and Barry, Rochester, N. Y., in 1884 for testing at this Station. As grown here the tree does not Tome into bearing very early but when mature yields full crops biennially. The fruit is medium to rather small, not specially attractive in appearance, fair to possibly good in quality being inferior to standard sorts of its season Season late August and September. It does not agree with the description of Karabovka given by Budd (2).
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with moderately long, stout, . curved branches. Form rather open, flat, spreading. Tivigs long, curved, stout, with large terminal buds ; internodes medium. Bark dark brown, heavily streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels quite numerous, small to medium, round, slightly raised. Buds large, prominent, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit small to medium, uniform. Form oblate, regular, symmetrical. Stem medium in length, moderately thick to rather slender. Cavity acute to nearly acuminate, moderately deep to deep, narrow to medium in width, occasionally lipped, usually russeted. Calyx large, open or nearly closed ; lobes short, rather broad, acute. Basin medium in depth, wide, furrowed or wrinkled and with mammiform protuberances.
Skin thin, tender, smooth, rather dull pale greenish-yellow, with scatter- ing narrow stripes of dull dark red, or when highly colored it is largely striped, splashed and shaded with red, and overspread with pinkish bloom. Dots rather numerous, small, light, obscure, submerged.
Calyx tube large, medium in length, rather wide, broadly conical to funnel- shape. Stamens median to marginal.
Core medium size, axile; cells closed; core lines clasping. Carpels ellip- tical, emarginate. Seeds very dark dull brown, medium size, wide, rather short, flat, plump, obtuse.
Flesh nearly white, moderately fine, tender, moderately juicy, mild subacid with peculiar flavor, fair to good in quality.
Season late August and September.
KENTISH FILLBASKET.
REFERENCES. I. Kenrick, 1832:95. 2. Downing, 1845:114. 3. Thomas, 1849:168. 4. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:62. 1851. 5. Elliott, 1854:172. 6. Hooper, 1857:49. 7. Warder, 1867:723. 8. Hogg, 1884:120. 9. Green, Country Gentleman, 1885:840. 10 Ib., Can. Hort., n :8. 1888. n. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:242. 12. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 4:3. 1897. figs. 13. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:354.
SYNONYMS. KENT FILLBASKET (13). KENTISH FILBASKET (3). KENTISH FILLBASKET (i, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12). Lady de Grey's (2, 5, 8).
u6 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Potter's Large (8). Potter's Large Grey Seedling (5). Potter's Large Seedling (2).
A very large, handsome, late autumn apple, desirable for cooking but not for dessert use. Tree a strong grower and a fair cropper. Not recommended for planting in New York.
According to Hogg (8) the Kentish Fillbasket of Miller, Forsyth and Rogers is a different variety being evidently the Kentish Codlin or common old English Codlin, a lemon-yellow apple which is in season from August to October.
The Kentish Fillbasket of Buel1 appears to be the same as that of Forsyth.2
Historical. This is an old English variety. It has been sparingly culti- vated in portions of New York state for many years and has been grown to some extent also in Ontario (12).
FRUIT.
Fruit very large. Form oblate or roundish, ribbed broadly and obscurely if at all, irregular, fairly uniform. Stem not exserted, short, medium in thickness. Cavity acute to somewhat acuminate, deep, broad, symmetrical or somewhat furrowed, green or more often with outspreading russet. Calyx small to rather large, closed or partly open ; lobes broad, obtuse to acute. Basin pretty abrupt, moderately deep to deep, medium in width to wide, sometimes a little furrowed or wrinkled.
Skin thin, tough, smooth, somewhat waxy, pale yellow with thin brownish blush often deepening to red, somewhat mottled and splashed with carmine. Dots small usually not conspicuous, dark brown or grayish or submerged and whitish. Prevailing effect yellow somewhat striped with red.
Calyx tube wide, conical. Stamens basal to nearly median.
Core abaxile, medium to large; cells often unsymmetrical and open, some- times closed; core lines nearly meeting. Carpels broadly ovate, mucronate, not emarginate, somewhat tufted. Seeds medium or below, plump, acute.
Flesh whitish, firm, moderately coarse, crisp, rather tender, juicy, brisk subacid, good.
Season October to December.
KESWICK.
REFERENCES, i. Forsyth, 1824:132. 2. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :No. 225. 3. Kenrick, 1832 -.89. 4. Floy-Lindley, 1833 123. 5. Downing, 1845 187. 6. Thomas, 1849:156. 7. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y. 3:37. 1851. 8. Barry, 1851:280. 9. Elliott, 1854:141. 10. Barry, Horticulturist, 10:87. 1855. n. Gregg, 1857:37. 12. Hooper, 1857:25, 49, 107, in. 13. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1860. 14. Mead, Horticulturist, 17:150. 1862. 15. Warder, 1867:688. fig. 16. Fitz, 1872:160. 17. Hogg, 1884:122. 18. Wickson, 1889:243. 19. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294. 20. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:242. 21. Taft, Mich. Sta. Bui, 105:108. 1894. 22. Lyon, Ib., 118:60. 1895. 23 Ib., 143: 200. 1897. 24. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort: Soc., 1898:354. 25. Dickens and
1 Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:477.
2 Forsyth, 1808:50.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 117
Greene, Kan. Sta. Bui., 106 153. 1902. 26. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui., 205 145 . 1903. 27. Budd-Hansen, 1903:110. 28. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:128. 1904.
SYNONYMS. CODLIN, KESWICK (i, 2, 24). KESWICK (19, 21, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28). KESWICK CODLIN (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 25). Keswick Codlin (27, 28). KESWICK CODLING (15). No. 225 (2).
This variety is particularly esteemed on account of its excellence for culinary use. It is not adapted for storage, its commercial limit in ordinary storage being September and early October. It comes into season late in August or early in September and ripens continuously during a period of several weeks. It does not stand heat well before going into storage and goes down quickly (28). The fruit is of good medium size to rather large, greenish-yellow, sometimes with faint blush ; flesh brisk subacid. It is grown chiefly for home use and only to a very limited extent for local market. The tree is a good grower, hardy, healthy, long-lived, comes into bearing quite young and yields good to very good crops almost annually.
This is distinct from the Codling or English Codling described by Coxe, Thacher, Forsyth and others.
Historical. Hogg (17) states that: "This excellent apple was first dis- covered growing among a quantity of rubbish behind a wall at Gleaston Castle, near Ulverstone, and was first brought into notice by one John Sander, a nurseryman at Keswick, who, having propagated it, sent it out under the name of Keswick Codlin.
" In the Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society, 1813, Sir John Sinclair says : ' The Keswick Codlin tree has never failed to bear a crop since it was planted in the episcopal garden at Rose Castle, Carlisle, twenty years ago.' "
It has long been known in this country and very old trees of it are found in some orchards but it is nowhere extensively cultivated being grown chiefly for home use. It is quite commonly listed by nurserymen (20).
TREE.
Tree medium to large, moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading to roundish. Twigs moderately long, curved, stout; internodes short. Bark dull brown, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels numer- ous, rather conspicuous, medium to small, round, not raised. Buds medium to large, prominent, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium to nearly large, not very uniform. Form roundish conic or inclined to oblong conic, rather broad at the base, distinctly ribbed;
n8 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
sides frequently a little unequal. Stem medium to short, slender to rather thick. Cavity variably acute, medium in depth to shallow, rather narrow to moderately broad, more or less russeted. Calyx medium size, closed; lobes long, medium in width, nearly acuminate. Basin shallow, moderately nar- row, furrowed or angular, often with fleshy protuberances alternating with the calyx lobes.
Skin thin, tough, smooth, waxy, pale greenish or yellow, sometimes with a faint blush and often with a suture line extending out from the cavity. Dots submerged, inconspicuous or russet.
Calyx tube medium in length, rather wide, bluntly cone-shape. Stamens median.
Core variable, large, abaxile ; cells wide open ; core lines meeting. Carpels variable, roundish ovate. Seeds very light brown, very small, medium in width, short, very plump, acute.
Flesh nearly white, fine, tender, very juicy, brisk subacid, good for culinary use, too acid for dessert unless very ripe.
Season August and September.
KIRKBRIDGE.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1857:160. 2. Mag. Hort., 24:108. 1858. 3. Warder, 1867:671. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1871:8. 5. Downing, 1872:10 index, app. 6. Thomas, 1875:195. 7. Downing, 1881:11 index, app. 8. Ib., 1881:12 index, app. 9. Budd-Hansen, 1903:111.
SYNONYMS. Bohannon (2). Conic June (7). KIRKBRIDGE (2, 3, 7, 8, 9). KIRKBRIDGE WHITE (i, 4, 5, 6). White June (5). Yellow Flat (8). Yellow June (6, erroneously 3, of some 5).
Fruit small to medium, oblong conic, pale yellow or whitish; flesh white, line, tender, juicy, pleasant subacid, good to very good. The tree is a moder- ate grower, comes into bearing young and is productive. Season August and September. Not recommended for planting in New York.
Historical. In 1867 Warder (3) wrote concerning Kirkbridge White: " This fruit has been pretty extensively cultivated in some parts of the Western states and sometimes it is mistaken for the Yellow June." It is said to be of American origin. It is but little known in New York.
LADY FINGER.
REFERENCE, i. Downing, 1869 :245. SYNONYMS. None.
Under this name Downing (i) describes an apple which he received from Maryland, the fruit of which is of medium size, yellowish, nearly overspread with deep crimson; flesh white, tender, pleasant subacid, good to very good; season August.
Other varieties have been known under the name Lady Finger several of which have already been mentioned in the discussion of the winter apples. See Vol. I, page 183.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 119
LANDSBERG.
REFERENCES, i. Berghuis, 1868 :No. 8. col. pi. 2. Downing, 1872 -.20 app. 3. Leroy, 1873701. fig. 4. Lauche, i :No. 38. 1882. col. pi. 5. Hogg, 1884:128. 6. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1885:34, 41. 7. Lyon, U. S. Pom. Bui, 2:42. 1888. 8. Gaucher, 1894 :No. 17. col. pi 9. Beach and Paddock, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:253, 261. 1895. 10. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui., 48:47. 1903. ii. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:129. 1904.
SYNONYMS. LANDSBERG (7, n). LANDSBERGZR REINETTE (2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9). Landsberger Reinetle (n). LANDSBURG (6). Landsburger Reinette (6, 7). LANSBERGER REINETTE (10). REINETTE DE LANDSBERG (3). Reinette de Landsberg (2, 8). REINETTE LANDSBERGER (i).
An attractive late autumn and early winter apple of good size and pleasant subacid flavor. The tree is thrifty, comes into bearing rather early and is reliably productive yielding good crops biennially. The fruit has a clear, pale waxen yellow or greenish skin which readily shows bruises. It is a good dessert apple but less desirable for 'culinary uses because when it is cooked it lacks character in texture, color and flavor. It is easily excelled for any purpose by standard sorts of its season and is not recommended for planting in New York.
• Historical. Raised from seed about 1840 by Mr. Burkhardt, justice of the peace in Landsberg, Germany (2, 4). Imported from Silesia, Germany, in 1883 by Professor Budd for the Iowa State College (6).
TREE.
Tree vigorous. Form roundish or spreading, rather open. Twigs short to medium, nearly straight, rather stout ; internodes medium. Bark olive- green tinged with brownish-red, mottled with scarf-skin; pubescent. Len- ticels quite numerous, small, round, not raised. Buds large to below medium, broad, plump, generally obtuse, free, quite pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large, pretty uniform in shape and size. Form roundish conic to roundish oblate, obscurely angular, pretty regular ; sides sometimes unequal. Stem short to medium. Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, rather wide, sometimes obscurely furrowed, usually smooth but sometimes russeted. Calyx segments long, acute, reflexed, sometimes closed. Basin medium in width and depth, often somewhat furrowed, wrinkled.
Skin thin, tough, smooth or slightly roughened by russet dots, waxen yel- low or pale green, sometimes with attractive crimson blush. Dots numerous, submerged and whitish, sometimes russet. Prevailing color pale yellow, rather attractive.
Calyx tube large, wide, cone-shape. Stamens median.
Core abaxile, medium; cells usually symmetrical and wide open; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels broadly ovate, much concave, narrow to- ward the apex, nearly smooth. Seeds numerous, medium in size, broad, obtuse, medium brown, smooth or nearly so.
I2O THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Flesh nearly white, very tender, crisp, rather fine-grained, mild subacid, agreeable in flavor, good to very good for dessert.
Season mid-October to January (8, 9) Some of the fruit keeps appar- ently sound till March or later but after January it loses in quality.
LATE STRAWBERRY.
REFERENCES, i. Thomas, Cultivator, 5:246. 1848. 2. Thomas, 1849:150. fig. 3. Cole, 1849:111. 4. Waring, 1851:21. 5. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:27. 1851. fig. 6. Barry, 1851:282. 7. Elliott, 1854:65. 8. Downing, 1857:163. 9. Hooper, 1857:54. 10. Gregg, 1857:41. u. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 12. Warder, 1867 :54O. 13. Downing, 1869 :25o. fig. 14. Todd, 1871 1154. fig. 15. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:538. 16. Roach, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-7:27. 17. Wickson, 1889:245. 18. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294. 19. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:243. 20. Burrill and McCluer, III. Sta. Bui., 45:329. 1896. 21. Budd-Hansen, 1903:113. fig.
SYNONYMS. AUTUMN STRAWBERRY (i, 4, 6, 7, 10, 14, 15). Autumn Straw- berry (2, 5, 8, 12, 13, 17, 21). FALL STRAWBERRY (3). LATE STRAWBERRY (2, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 ). Late Strawberry (i, 3, 6, 7). Straw- berry (2, 7).
Different varieties have been called Late Strawberry but the name is now almost exclusively applied to the variety described below. This is an attractive apple, pale yellow overspread or striped and splashed with light and dark red, very good in quality especially for dessert use. Many esteem it one of the best dessert apples of its season. It comes into use in September and ripens in succession during a period of several weeks continuing in season till December. While this habit of successive ripening makes the variety more desirable for the home orchard it renders it less valuable for com- mercial purposes, since several pickings are required to secure the crop in prime condition. The fruit is hardly as large as is desir- able for a good market variety but its attractive appearance and excellent quality render it suitable for local and fancy trade. The tree is medium to rather large, vigorous; form upright spreading to roundish. It is hardy, healthy, long-lived and a regular cropper- yielding moderate to heavy crops biennially or nearly annually.
Historical. Late Strawberry originated at Aurora, Cayuga county, N. V. (13). In 1848 Thomas described it as a new and newly introduced apple (i).
FRUIT.
Fruit below medium to above, uniform in size and fairly uniform in shape. Form roundish to slightly oblong conic, sometimes quite strongly ribbed.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 121
rather irregular. Stem long, rather slender, often curved. Cavity acuminate, deep, usually broad, furrowed, sometimes with thin radiating streaks of light russet mingled with carmine. Calyx large, open or partly open ; lobes often separated at base, rather short, acute, erect or reflexed. Basin deep, mod- erately narrow to rather wide, abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin attractive pale yellow often almost entirely overspread with bright pinkish-red, dotted and streaked with purplish-carmine. Dots small, not very numerous, inconspicuous, light colored. Prevailing effect bright striped red"
Calyx tube rather wide, conical to slightly funnel-shape. Stamens basal.
Core rather small, nearly axile to somewhat abaxile ; cells closed or somewhat open ; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels obovate. Seeds rather large, flat, obtuse.
Flesh yellowish-white, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, somewhat sprightly aro- matic, subacid, very good.
Season September to December.
LATHAM.
REFERENCE, i. Downing, 1869:251. SYNONYMS. None.
This is a variety which we have not seen; so far as we can learn it is no longer cultivated. According to Downing it originated in Sag Harbor, Suffolk county, N. Y. ; tree very productive ; fruit medium size, yellow mostly covered with light and dark red; flesh white, juicy, mild subacid, good; season November and December (i).
LEAD.
REFERENCES, i. Montreal Jlort. Soc. Rpt., 8:40. 1881-82. 2. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1882:78. 3. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:102. 4. la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1883:28. 5 Ib., 1885:11. 6. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-7:71. 7. la. Agr. Coll. Bui., 1890:23. 8. Budd, la. Sta. Bui., 19:540. 1892. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :243. 10. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1896 74, 79. ii. Stinson, Ark. Sta. Bui, 43:105. 1896. 12. Thomas, 1897:291. fig. 13. Troop, Ind. Sta. Rpt., 1899 :8o. 14. Hansen, 5. D. Sta. Bui, 76 -.64. 1902. 15. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18 :84. 1902.
SYNONYMS. LEAD (i, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, IT, 12, 13, 14, 15). Lead Apple (3). No. 3 M (2, 4, 7, 8, 10, 14, 15). No. 277 (2, 4, 5, 10). Svinsovka (i). SWINEZ (3). Swinsovska (5).
As noted below two distinct Russian varieties have been disseminated un- der the name Lead. Some of the references cited above refer to one of these varieties and some to the other.
A Russian variety was received from the Iowa Agricultural College in 1890 for testing at this Station, the fruit of which is pale greenish-yellow with a blushed cheek and carmine splashes, medium size or above; flesh tender, rather juicy, subacid, fair quality; season late August and September. The tree does not come into bearing very young. It is an annual cropper but only moderately productive. It is not worthy of further testing for this region.
122 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
This appears to be the same variety as that described by Hansen under the name Lead with the synonym No. 362 (14). This he says is not the true Lead. He describes the true Lead with synonym No. 3 M as a Russian variety, large, heavy, roundish, greenish-yellow with dull blush ; flesh green- ish-white, sharp subacid, good in quality; season early winter.
LINCOLN PIPPIN.
REFERENCE, i. Downing, 1881 193 app. fig. SYNONYMS. None.
Fruit medium to large, yellow with no blush, subacid, excellent for either dessert or culinary uses ; season November and December. Under favorable conditions some portion of the fruit may be kept through the winter. The tree is large, spreading, somewhat open, moderately vigorous with rather short, stout twigs, hardy, long-lived. It does not come into bearing very young but when mature is a pretty reliable annual bearer, ripening the crop evenly. The fruit is fair, averages pretty uniform in size and shape and is reliable and satisfactory in color and quality. Downing describes it as " medium to large, roundish oblate, slightly conical, slightly angular, sides sometimes a little unequal ; skin pale greenish-yellow, moderately sprinkled with grayish dots; stalk short to long, slender; cavity large, deep, calyx small, closed; basin small or medium, slightly corrugated; flesh half fine, pale whitish-yellow, tender, juicy, subacid, slightly aromatic; very good; core rather large. October, December" (i).
Historical. So far as we can learn this variety :«» cultivated only in the vicinity of Syracuse. Downing states that it is an old variety, said to have been brought to Syracuse from Connecticut ; the original name having been lost it was named Lincoln after Reuben Lincoln who brought it into notice (i).
LINDENWALD.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1869 1254. 2. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui., 45:330. 1896.
SYNONYMS. None.
A variety which originated with J. G. Sickles, Stuyvesant, Columbia county, N. Y. Downing describes the fruit as of medium size, yellow with light shades of red; flesh crisp, juicy, pleasant subacid, good to very good; season September (i).
We have received no report of this being grown outside of the locality of its origin.
LONGFIELD.
REFERENCES, i. Webster, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 7:52. 1881. 2. Ib., 8:71. 1881-82. 3. Budd, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1882:77. 4. Gibb, Ib., 1883:425. 5. Webster,' Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1883:113. 6. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1883:28. 7. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:66. fig. 8. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1885:5. 9. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:15. 10. Schroeder, Ib., 1886-87:74. u. Craig, Ib., 1886-87:103. 12. Hoskins, Rural
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 123
N. Y. 47:558. 1888. 13. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1889:8. 14. Gibb, Can. Hort., 12:27. 1889. 15. Ib., 13:207, 216, 301. 1890. 16. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1890:19. 17. la. Sta. Bui, 19:536. 1892. 18. Can. Hort., 15:29. 1892. 19. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:57, 58. 20. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:243. 21. Amer. Card., 14:50, 177, 305. 1893. 22. Can. Hort., 16:204, 360. 1893. 23. Craig, Ont. Fr. Gr. Assn. An. Rpt., 26:16. 1894. 24. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:582. 1894. 25. Troop, hid. Sta. Bui, 53:123. 1894. 26. Craig,, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1894:126. figs. 27. Freeborn, Nat. Nurseryman, 2:133. 1894. 28. Van Deman, Rural N. Y., 55:848. 1896. 29. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1896:75. 30. Stinson, Ark. Sta. Bui., 43:105. 1896. 31. Buckman, Rural N. Y., 56:39. 1897. 32. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bui, 61:31. 1897. 33- Thomas, 1897:291. fig. 34. Am. Card., 19:650, 682. 1898. 35. Rural N. Y., 57:736, 819. 1898. 36. Troop, Ind. Sta, Rpt., 1899:80. 37. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76 167. 1902. fig. 38. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18 184, 85, 87, 95. 1902. 39. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48 147. 1903. 40. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui, 205:45. 1903. 41. Budd-Hansen, 1903:116. 42. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:129. 1904.
SYNONYMS. English Pippin (26). 587 (26). 57 M (16). 56 M (2, 3, 6, 10). Good Peasant (9). LANGERFELDSKOE (i, 4, 5, 7, 13). Langerfeldskoe
(8). LONGFIELD (2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 14, 15, l6, 17, l8, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42). Longfield (4, 7). Longfield's Apple (i, 5)- No. 161 (2, 3, 6, 8, 16, 24, 29, 37).
The fruit of Longfield is usually below medium size but decidedly attractive in appearance for a yellow apple, being clear waxen yel- low, lightly blushed with bright red. Its flesh is white, crisp, fine, very tender and of pleasant quality. It may well be classed among the fancy dessert apples ; it is good also for culinary uses. In mar- keting this fruit it is necessary to handle it with great care because ordinarily its texture is so very tender and its color so delicate that it shows bruises very readily. It is not well adapted for holding outside of cold storage. In ordinary storage its commercial limit at Geneva is late September or early October (42) and in cold storage it may be kept till December (42) ; but as grown further north it may be kept through the winter (26). The tree is a moderate grower, very hardy and very productive ; in fact it bears such heavy crops that the fruit is liable to be deficient in size. On account of the hardiness and productiveness of the tree and the beauty and good quality of the fruit Longfield is recommended for planting for home use and for local and special markets.
Historical Longfield was first imported from Russia by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1870; later it was imported from various European sources for the Iowa Agricultural College by Professor Budd.
124 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
It is now frequently listed by nurserymen (20) and is being planted to a limited extent in various parts of the state, but it has not yet come to be commonly known among New York fruit growers.
TREE.
Tree medium in size with short, moderately stout, crooked branches and drooping laterals filled with small spurs. Form roundish or spreading, dense, rather low. Twigs medium in length, curved, moderately stout ; terminal buds large; internodes short. Bark dark brown, lightly streaked with scarf- skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oval, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to small, usually below medium; uniform in size and shape. Form roundish conic, slightly ribbed. Stem medium to short, rather slender. Cavity acuminate to acute, medium to rather deep, narrow, quite symmetrical, usually slightly russeted. Calyx small, leafy, closed or partly open; lobes long, rather narrow, acute to acuminate. Basin small, shallow to medium in depth, narrow, somewhat abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thin, tender, smooth, glossy, pale waxen yellow or whitish usually with a lively pinkish blush but not striped. Dots few, small, inconspicuous, whitish, usually submerged. Prevailing effect attractive bright pale yellow partly blushed with lively red.
Calyx' tube narrow and elongated, often extending to the core. Stamens basal to median.
Core medium to above, axile or nearly so ; cells symmetrical, not uni- formly developed, closed or partly open; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels roundish, slightly emarginate. Seeds rather large, mod- erately dark brown, long, acute approaching acuminate.
Flesh nearly white, fine, crisp, very tender, juicy, subacid, sprightly, aromatic, good to very good.
Season September to October or later.
LONG ISLAND PEARMAIN.
REFERENCES, i. Coxe, 1817:144. fig. 2. Warder, 1867:682. 3. Downing, 1869 ^55.
SYNONYMS. Autumn Pcarmain (2). Hollow Crown Pearmain (3). LONG ISLAND PEARMAIN (i, 2, 3). Winter Pcarmain (2).
This is an old variety which Coxe (i) thus describes: "A' handsome large apple, of an oblong form, about the size of a Priestly — the stem is short, not deeply planted ; the crown large and hollow ; the skin streaked with large blotches of red on a rich yellow ground, with faint russet spots — the flesh is tender, coarse and pleasant, partaking of that dryness characteristic of all the varieties of the pearmain — it ripens in October and keeps till March." Downing (3) states that it has sometimes been confused with Winter Pear- main which is an entirely different fruit. So far as we can discover. Long Island Pearmain is now obsolete in New York,
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 125
LONG RED PEARMAIN.
REFERENCE, i. Downing, 1876 155 app.
SYNONYMS. English Pear main incorrectly (i). Hudson Red Streak (i). Kentucky BellHower (i). Kentucky Gillflower (i). Kaighn s Spitzenburg incorrectly (i). Lady Finger incorrectly (i). Long John (i). Long Pear- main (i). LONG RED PEARMAIN (l). Mudhole (i). Park (not of Kansas) (i). Pearmain (i). Pound Royal incorrectly (i). Red Bellftoiver incor- rectly (i). Red Pearmain (i). Red Phoenix (i). Red Pippin (i). Red Spitzenberg (i). Red Winter Pearmain incorrectly (i). Russam (i). Scarlet Pearmain (i). Sheepnose of some (i). Striped Pearmain (i). W abash Bellflower (i). Winter Pearmain (i).
This variety was for many years considered identical with Kaighn. See page 113. In 1876 Downing (i) stated that it was distinct from Kaighn in tree and fruit and gave the list of synonyms for it which is cited above.
The fruit is medium to large, oblong approaching conic, yellowish, shaded and striped with red ; flesh coarse, pleasant subacid, good ; season late fall and early winter.
LONG STEM.
REFERENCES, i. Cole, 1849:106. 2. Hooper, 1857:55. 3. Warder, 1867: 725. 4. Downing, 1809:256. 5. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56:183. 1905. SYNONYMS. None.
Several varieties of the apple have been known in cultivation under the name Long Stem. One of these has already been described (Volume I, page 196) as Long Stem of Pennsylvania; others are noticed below. The references cited above do not all refer to the same variety.
LONG STEM OF MASSACHUSETTS. The following is Cole's description of this variety (i) : "Large medial; flattish-round ; pale yellow, brown full in the sun ; dark specks and patches ; stem extremely long, slender, in a broad, deep cavity ; calyx large, rather open, in a broad, shallow basin ; flesh white, rather tender, juicy, of a rich, mild, delicious, sprightly, aromatic flavor. First-rate for the dessert or cooking. Sept. 1st, to the last of Oct. Good and constant bearer. Origin, East Bridgewater, Ms."
LONG STEM OF CONNECTICUT. Downing (4) describes this variety as hav- ing young shoots of dull reddish-brown, somewhat downy, with prominent, flattened buds. Fruit medium, roundish oblate, yellow; flesh fine-grained, sweet, rich, good. Season September to January.
LONGWORTH.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1881 :94 app. 2. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:129. 1904.
SYNONYMS. LONGWORTH (2). LONGWORTH RED WINTER (i).
Fruit of fairly good color but not very large ; inferior in quality to standard varieties of its season. It is variable in season (2) ; some years it keeps fairly well till midwinter, but generally speaking, as grown at this Station,
126 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
its commercial limit in ordinary storage is November. The tree comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable cropper, yielding moderate to rather heavy crops biennially or sometimes annually. Not recommended for planting in New York.
Historical. Originated at Dubuque, la. (i). It was received for testing here in 1889 from Benjamin Buckman, Farmingdale, 111.
LORD SUFFIELD.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1869 1257. 2. Ib., Tilt. Jour. Hort., ^ 1303. 1870. 3. Hogg, 1884:136. 4. Goff, Rural N. Y., 46:685. 1887. figs. 5. Can. Hort., 15:347. 1892. 6. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:243. 7. Gaucher, 1894 :No. 18. col. pi. 8. Dempsey, Out. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., i -.24. 1894. 9- Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:356.
SYNONYMS. Lady Suffield (7). Lady Sutherland (7). Livesley's Im- perial (7). LORD SUFFIELD (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9).
This variety of the Keswick Codlin group is considered by some one of the best apples of the group. The fruit is suitable for cooking as early as the middle of July and remains in use till September. It is large, roundish, varying from oblate to somewhat oblong ; green, marked with clear light russet flecks and dois ; calyx closed ; basin ridged, shallow ; stem short ; cavity moderately wide, shallow ; core large, abaxile ; cells open ; flesh white, rather fine, moderately juicy, subacid, good for culinary use. The tree is very productive, which perhaps accounts in part for its being short-lived. As grown at this Station it has blighted so badly as to make it an unde- sirable variety for the orchard.
LOU.
REFERENCES, i. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:28. 2. Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886:233. 3. Mich. Sta. Bui, 118:60. 1895. 4. Beach, Paddock and Close, .V. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 15:272. 1896. 5. Mich. Sta. Bui, 143:200. 1897.
SYNONYMS. None.
A striped red apple of fairly good quality in season in early August. The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable biennial cropper. It was originated from seed of Oldenburg by Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minn., from whom it was received in 1888 for testing at this Station. It is not valuable for planting in New York.
LOUISE.
REFERENCES, i. Woolverton, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1889:155. 2. Can. Hort., 15:19, 28. 1892. 3. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:247. 4. Can. Hort., 16:401. 1893. 5. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:601. 1893. 6. Hoskins, Rural N. Y.t 53:278. 1894. 7. Smith, Can. Hort., 18:349. 1895. 8. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bui., 143:200. 1897. 9. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:18. 10. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bui., 83:91. 1900. ii. Woolverton, Can. Hort., 23:46. 1900. fig. 12. Ib., Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 7 :8. 1900. figs. 13. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76 :6g. 1902. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903:117. fig. 15. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui, 205:45. 1903.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 127
SYNONYMS. LOUISE (8, 10, 13, 15). LOUISE, Princess (9, 14). PRINCESS LOUISE (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, n, 12). Princess Louise (7, 10, 13). WOOLVERTON (7). Woolverton (4, n, 12).
Louise is an apple of the Fameuse group. It is larger than Fameuse but not as large as Mclntosh and has less red color and is less attractive than either of these apples. It is very desirable for dessert use but for culinaary purposes it is decidedly inferior to other varieties of its season. It is of a clear pale yellow color with lively blush and delicate bloom. It shows bruises readily and requires very careful handling. The tree is hardy, healthy, comes into bearing rather young and yields fair to moderately good crops almost annually. It is doubtful whether it will ever prove a desir- able commercial variety.
Historical. Originated with L. Woolverton, Grimsby, Ontario, who states that it was a chance seedling that sprung up among a half dozen old Fameuse trees.1 It was first exhibited before the Ontario Fruit Growers' Association in 1879 under the name of " Woolverton." It has been disseminated to a limited extent only in New York. The Mclntosh has sometimes been mis- takenly disseminated for this variety.
TREE.
Tree medium size, moderately vigorous to vigorous with long, slender branches and willowy laterals. Form upright spreading to roundish, rather dense. Twigs moderately long, straight or somewhat irregularly curved, rather geniculate, slender; internodes medium. Bark reddish-brown with some pale olive-green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; somewhat pubescent toward the tips. Lenticels scattering, small to medium, roundish to oblong. Buds small to medium, deep-set, plump, acute, free or nearly so, somewhat pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit of good medium size ; fairly uniform in size and shape. Form usually roundish, sometimes roundish oblate, often somewhat elliptical or obscurely angular; sides often unequal. Stem red, medium to rather long, usually slender. Cavity obtuse to acute or sometimes approaching acuminate, shallow to medium in depth, moderately broad, frequently furrowed. Calyx medium size, closed or sometimes slightly open. Basin usually shallow to medium in depth, narrow to moderately wide, rather obtuse, lightly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thin, rather tough, clear pale yellow or greenish, with lively red or pinkish blush, striped obscurely if at all, overspread with thin bloom. Dots inconspicuous, pale, usually submerged.
Calyx tube short, wide, conical to funnel-form. Stamens median to basal.
1 L. Woolverton, Letter, 1894.
128 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Core medium to rather large, somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, partly open ; core lines meeting. Carpels elongated ovate, sometimes emargmate. Seeds medium or below, moderately long, acute to acuminate.
Flesh whitish, not very firm, fine, crisp, very tender, very juicy, mild sub- acid, aromatic, with some of the perfume and texture of Mclntosh, very good for dessert.
Season October to February or later.
LOWELL.
REFERENCES, i. Cultivator, 5:246. 1848. 2. Cole, 1849:109. 3. Thomas, 1849:157. 4. Waring, 1851:27. 5. Barry, 1851:285. 6. Elliott, 1854:88. fig. 7. Hooper, 1857:55. 8. Gregg, 1857:46. fig. 9. Downing, 1857:166. 10. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. n. Warder, 1867:576. 12. Fitz, 1872:145. 13. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294. 14. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:243. 15. Mich. Sta. Bui, 105:108. 1894. 16. Lyon, /&., 118:60. 1895. 17. Burrill and Mc- Cluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45:330. 1896. 18. N. C. Bd. Agr. Bui., 1900:7. 19. Kan. Sta. Bui, 106:53. 1902. 20. Mo. Fr. Sta. Bui., 3:27. 1902. 21. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48:48. 1903. 22. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui., 205:45. 1903. 23. Budd-Hansen, 1903:117. 24. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:130. 1904.
SYNONYMS. Greasy Pippin (6, 9, 16, 22, 24, of some 23). LOWELL (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, u, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24). Lowell (i). LOWELL (Pippin) (14). Orange (i, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, of some 6). Pound Royal (2, 7, erroneously 6). Queen Anne (i, 2, 6, 7, 9, n, of Northern Ohio 3, of Ohio 5). Tallow (2, 7). TALLOW APPLE (i). Tallow Apple (3, 6, 9, of some 23). Tallow Pippin (3, 5, 6, 11, 15, 24).
Fruit rather large ; clear yellow with waxy surface. Flesh a little coarse, very juicy, sprightly subacid and desirable for either dessert or culinary uses. It ripens in succession through a period of several weeks and is apt to drop as it ripens. Its season extends from late August to October and under favorable conditions a por- tion of the fruit may be kept till winter (24). The tree is a good grower, hardy, long-lived and a reliable cropper giving good crops biennially and sometimes annually. This fruit is grown for home use and to a limited extent for local market.
Historical Lowell is an old variety of American origin (6) which is quite generally known in many parts of the state, especially in Western New York. It is still commonly listed by nurserymen, but is being planted but little and its cultivation appears to be on the decline.
TREE.
Tree rather large, vigorous. Form upriglit spreading, rather open. Twigs long,, curved, moderately stout; internodes medium, Bark dark brown,
LOWELL
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 129
mottled with scarf-skin; heavily pubescent. Lenticels numerous, small to medium size, not raised. Buds prominent, medium to large, broad, plump, obtuse, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit large, fairly uniform in size but somewhat variable in shape. Form roundish oblong inclined to conic, unsymmetrical, irregular. Stem medium to rather long, moderately thick, deflected to one side. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, rather shallow to moderately deep, medium to rather broad, sometimes furrowed, occasionally compressed, often lightly russeted. Calyx medium to large, closed or partly open. Basin rather shallow to moderately deep, medium in width, somewhat abrupt, often slightly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thin, tender, smooth or with occasional russet dots and flecks, waxy, at first green but eventually becoming rich yellow. Dots very numerous, small, inconspicuous, brown or russet or submerged.
Calyx tube usually rather long, rather wide, conical approaching funnel- form. Stamens median or nearly so.
Core rather large, axile to somewhat abaxile ; cells closed ; core lines meet- ing or somewhat clasping. Carpels roundish to pointed obovate, emarginate. Seeds dark brown, not uniform in shape, medium size, obtuse to somewhat acute.
Flesh greenish or tinged with yellow, rather firm, medium to rather fine- grained, crisp, tender, very juicy, sprightly subacid, good to very good.
Season August to October.
LOWLAND RASPBERRY.
REFERENCES, i. Gibb, la. Hort. Sac. Rpt., 1883:438. 2. Ib., Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:94. 3. lb.,Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:46. 4. Thomas, 1897:254. fig. 5. U. S. Pom. Bui., 8:18. 1899. 6. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui., 76:69. 1902. fig. 7. Budd-Hansen, 1903: 1*17. fig.
SYNONYMS. HIMBEERAPFEL LIEVLANDER (i, 2). Himbeerapfel Lievlander (3). Himbeerapfel Livlandcr (3). Licvland Raspberry (7). LIVELAND RASPBERRY (4). LIVLAND RASPBERRY (3). LOWLAND RASPBERRY (6). LOW- LAND Raspberry (5, 7). Lowland Raspberry (i, 2, 3). No. 340 (i, 2, 6, 7).
A Russian apple which, according to Hansen (6, 7), is medium to large, clear waxen-white, striped, shaded and marbled with light crimson; flesh white, often stained with red, fine, very tender, pleasant mild subacid, almost sweet ; season August ; as early as Yellow Transparent.
We do not know that this variety has been tested in New York.
LUBSK QUEEN.
REFERENCES, i. Tuttle, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt:, 8:136. 1881-82. 2. Gibb, la. Hort. Soe. Rpt., 1883:442. 3. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui., 1885:17. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1889:8. 5. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1890:19. 6. la. Sta. Bui, 19:536. 1892. 7. Can. Hort., 16:361. 1893. 8. Freeborn, Nat. Nursery-
J3O THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
man, 2:152. 1894. 9- Thomas, 1897:291. fig. 10. Hansen, 5*. D. Sta. BnL, 76:70. 1902. fig. ii. Budd-Hansen, 1903:119. 12. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui., 56:185. 1905.
SYNONYMS. LUBSK QUEEN (i, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n). Lubsk Queen (12). LUBSK REINETTE (3, 12). Lubsk Reinette (10, n). No. 444 (3, 5, 6, 8, 10, n, 12). Reinette Liubski (2, 12). Re.net Liubskui (3, 12).
A Russian variety which has attracted attention because of the beauty of the fruit and superior hardiness and productiveness of the tree. In other respects it does not rank high. It is fairly good in quality. Season August and September.
Historical. Imported from Russia by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1870 under No. 444. It was entered on the list of the American Pomological Society in 1889 and dropped from the list at the following meeting in 1891 (4). It has been planted but little in New York, and so far as we have been able to learn its cultivation in this state is not increasing.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with long, slender, curved branches. Form upright spreading or roundish, rather open. Twigs short, curved, slender; internodes medium. Bark dull brown, roughly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels scattering, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, not pubescent.
FRUIT (10).
Fruit medium to large. Form regular, nearly round, truncated. Stem medium to long. Cavity acute, rather small, slightly russeted. Calyx closed ; segments long, pointed. Basin shallow, wide, regular, with generally five fine corrugations around the eye.
Skin very smooth, polished and waxlike, a brilliant white, more or less covered with solid light rosy red, with delicate white bloom ; a self-colored apple, but sometimes with short red splashes on lighter ground. Dots white, minute, numerous.
Calyx tube long, funnel-shape. Stamens marginal.
Core closed ; cells ovate, slit. Seeds nine, plump.
Flesh snow white, firm, juicy, fine-grained, subacid, good.
Season August, September.
LYSCOM.
REFERENCES, i. N. E. Farmer, 1830 (cited by 17). 2. Kenrick, 1832:36. 3. Mag. Hort., i 1364, 395. 1835. 4- Hovey, Ib., 4 :48. 1838. 5. Manning, 1838:51. 6. Ib., Mag. Hort., 7:46. 1841. 7. Downing, 1845:89. 8. Cole, 1849:111. 9. Thomas, 1849:151. 10. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:32. 1851. ii. Elliott, 1854:145. 12. Mag. Hort., 20:241. 1854. 13. Hooper, 1857:56. 14. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 15. Warder, 1867:605. 16. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rj>t., 1890:294. 17. Ragan, U. S. P. B. I. Bui, s6:f86: IQ05-
THE APPLES OF XEW YORK. 131
SYNONYMS. LYSCOM (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17). Matthew's Stripe (3, 8, 17). Osgood's Favourite (3, 7, 8, 9; 17).
A very large apple somewhat resembling Twenty Ounce in general appear- ance but less attractive ; flesh tender, mild, not high in flavor but accept- able for either dessert or culinary uses. The tree is a moderate grower and yields moderate to good crops. It is in season from late September or October to November or December. Not recommended for planting in New York because it is not superior to other varieties of its season.
Historical. Origin Southborough, Worcester county, Mass. (2). It is an old variety which has been quite widely disseminated. It is now nearly obsolete in New York.
FRUIT.
Fruit large or very large. Form roundish varying from a little oblate to slightly oblong conic, often broadly ribbed especially toward the apex. Stem deep set, short, moderately thick. Cavity acuminate, very deep, broad, symmetrical, russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to large, usually closed, pubescent. Basin often oblique, deep, moderately narrow to rather wide with broad, deep furrows.
Skin thick, tough, rather dull green or somewhat yellowish, striped, splashed and somewhat blushed with red.
Calyx tube wide, elongated cone-shape. Stamens median to basal.
Core rather large, axile ; cells closed ; core lines meeting or slightly clasp- ing. Carpels ovate, slightly emarginate, somewhat tufted. Seeds short, often nearly round, plump, obtuse.
Flesh somewhat tinged with yellow, rather fine, tender, juicy, subacid be- coming very mild subacid, good.
Season late September or October to November or December.
MABffi.
A red sweet apple of very good general appearance. It belongs in the same group as Victoria Sweet. Season late fall and early winter. A desirable variety of its class.
Historical. This is a local variety which has been grown to a limited extent in southern Rockland county. The following account of its origin is given by M. L. Bell, Sparkill, N. Y. i1 " Mabie has been grown in South- ern Rockland county, N. Y., and the adjacent portion of New Jersey for about forty-five years. About fifty years ago the original tree stood in an old stone fence row on the farm of Wm. Mabie. It was propagated in a local nursery and disseminated through the surrounding region where it is gen- erally highly esteemed by those who have tested it."
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium to nearly large. Form roundish or somewhat inclined to oblong, a little irregular, unsymmetrical, not very uniform. Stem medium
1 Letter, 1904.
132 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
to rather long, moderately thick. Caiity large, acute to acuminate, mod- erately deep, wide, often obscurely furrowed, sometimes completely covered with russet which extends over the base of the fruit in broken rays. Caly.v medium to rather large, closed or partly open. Basin medium size or below, pubescent, saucer-shape, medium in width and depth, a little obtuse to rather abrupt, smooth or slightly furrowed.
Skin very thick, tough, smooth or slightly roughened with russet dots, bright yellow mottled or deeply blushed with bright red, in highly colored specimens rather deep, dark red, obscurely striped with carmine and marked over the base with whitish scarf-skin. Dots often very small, gray, mingled with others that are large, whitish and areolar with russet center.
Calyx tube short, moderately wide, conical to funnel-form. Stamens median.
Core medium to rather large, axile to somewhat abaxile ; cells closed or somewhat open ; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish to broadly obovate, slightly tufted. Seeds dark brown, medium to small, plump, broadly acute.
Flesh slightly tinged with yellow, firm, medium grained, somewhat crisp, tender, juicy, sweet, good.
Season late fall and early winter.
McCARTY.
This appears to be a distinct strain or sport of Pumpkin Sweet. It is discussed under Pumpkin Sweet, page 173.
MAC DONOUGH.
REFERENCE, i. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:299. 1901. SYNONYMS. None.
A medium sized yellow apple of mild rlavor, in season in August and September. We are unacquainted with this variety. Waugh (i) gave the following account of it in 1901 : "A local variety, said to have originated on Cumberland Head, Clinton county, N. Y., opposite Grand Isle. A fairly good apple in many ways, but not common and not likely ever to become popular.
" Fruit roundish oblate, size medium, cavity medium deep and broad, waxy, slightly russetted, stem medium straight, basin shallow, corrugated, calyx nearl closed, color greenish-yellow, fine yellow when ripe, dots many, light greenish, bloom waxy, skin smooth, flesh greenish-white, mealy, core medium, closed, flavor neutral, nearly sweet, quality fair to good, season August-September. Tree hardy, rough dark bark, irregular in form, pro- ductive."
McINTOSH.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1876:55 app. fig. 2. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 5:17. 1879. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1883:12. 4. Thomas, 1885:517. 5. Hoskins, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886:220. 6. Ib., Rural N. Y., 47:558. 1888. 7. Budd, Can. Hort., 13:24. 1890. 8. Ib., 15:19, 92, 124. 1892. 9. Bailey,
MclNTOSH
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 133
An. Hort., 1892:244. 10. Can. Hort., 16:369. 1893. col. pi. n. Hoskins, Am. Card., 15:288. 1894. 12. Craig, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1894:125. 13. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53 :279. 1894. 14. /&., 54:238. 1895. * 5- I b., 55:656, 691. 1896. 16. Ib., 55738, 819. 1896. 17. Ib., 56:839- 1897- 18. Can. Hort., 22:506. 1899. 19. Whitney, Ont. Fr. Gr. Assn. An. Rpt., 31:12. 1899. 20. Ib., Can. Hort., 23 :24. 1900. fig. of tree. 21. Ib., 23 145. 1900. figs. 22. Vt. Sta. Bui., 83:91. 1900. figs. 23. Taylor, U. S. Dept. Agr. Yr. Bk., 1901:383. col. pi. 24. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:299. 1901. 25. Ib., Rural N. Y., 61:781. 1902. figs. 26. Kan. Sta. Bui., 106:54. 19®2 27. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76:72. 1902. 28. Btidd-Hansen, 1903:119 29. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui., 205:45. 1903. 30. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui., 48:48. 1903. 31. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:130. 1904. 32. Scriber, Can. Hort., 28:277. 1905.
SYNONYMS. MACINTOSH RED (18). MC!NTOSH (14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 25, 29). MclNTOSH RED (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 15, 20, 26, 32). Mcln- tosh Red (22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31).
This variety belongs in the Fameuse group. It is adapted to a wider range of localities than is the Fameuse. The fruit is very attractive in appearance, of bright deep red color and good size. The flesh is very tender, perfumed and delicious. It is desirable for local markets and special trade but because of its lack of firm- ness it is less suitable for general handling. As grown at this Station it begins to ripen in late September or early October. In Western New York it cannot be expected to keep much later than October in ordinary storage without considerable loss but in cold storage it may be held until December or January (31). When grown in more northern or elevated regions it is often held in good condition till midwinter or later. It is susceptible to scab but this may readily be controlled with proper treatment.1 The crop ripens unevenly and a considerable portion of the fruit is liable to drop before it is ready to pick. On this account it is best to make two or three pickings. In some localities the tree is said to be a some- what slow grower and not satisfactorily productive, but more often it is found to be a rather strong grower, hardy and healthy. It comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable cropper yielding good crops biennially and sometimes annually. It has not been sufficiently tested to demonstrate fully its value for commercial purposes but it is regarded by many as one of the most promising varieties of its class for general cultivation in New York.
IN. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:399-418 1899. Ib., 22:321-386. 1903.
134 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Historical. Originated as a chance seedling on the Mclntosh homestead, Matilda township, Dundas county, Ontario, where Allan Mclntosh hegan the propagation of this variety in the nursery about 1870 (20). It has been widely disseminated. It is now commonly propagated by nurserymen and its cultivation is on the increase in New York.
TREE.
Tree vigorous with numerous, small, slender laterals. Form roundish or spreading. Twigs above medium to short, straight or nearly so, rather slender; internodes long to below medii'm. Bark bright reddish-brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin ; slightly pubescent. Lenticels quite nu- merous, small, oval or elongated, raised. Buds deeply set in bark, medium to below, plump, obtuse to acute, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium, sometimes large, pretty uniform in shape and size. Form roundish to somewhat oblate, regular or faintly ribbed, obscurely angular. Stem short, stout or moderately slender, usually not exserted, often with irregular protuberances. Cavity large, acuminate or somewhat acute, wide, medium in depth, somewhat broadly furrowed, often partly russeted. Calyx small, closed or partly open; lobes short to long, narrow, acute. Basin pubescent, rather small, medium in depth, narrow, abrupt, smooth or ob- scurely furrowed.
Skin thin, moderately tender, smooth, readily separating from the flesh, clear whitish-yellow or greenish washed and deeply blushed with bright red and striped with carmine; highly colored specimens become dark, almost purplish-red with the carmine stripes obscure or obliterated, overspread with thin, lilac bloom. Often the effect of the deep red is heightened by lively contrast with one or more spots of the clear pale yellow ground color where some twig or leaf pressed closely against the growing fruit. Dots whitish or yellow, usually very small.
Calyx tube short, conical or funnel-shape with broad limb. Stamens median to basal.
Core medium size, usually abaxile ; cells usually wide open ; core lines nearly meeting. Carpels roundish to elliptical, narrowing toward base and apex, smooth, much concave. Seeds medium brown, rather large, acute.
Flesh white or slightly tinged with yellow, sometimes veined with red, firm, fine, crisp, tender, very juicy, characteristically and agreeably aromatic, "perfumed, sprightly, subacid, becoming mild and nearly sweet when very ripe, very good to best for dessert.
Season October to December or later.
McLELLAN.
REFERENCES, i. Leavenworth, Horticulturist, 2 -.26. 1847. fig. 2. Thomas, 1849:169. 3. Cole, 1849:125. 4. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:67. 1851. 5. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 20:508. 1854. fig. 6. Elliott, 1854:147. 7. Downing, 1857:87. 8. Hooper, 1857:57. 9. Warder, 1867:726. 10. Am. Pom. Soc.
Me LELLAN
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 135
Cat., 1871:8. ii. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294. 12. Taylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1895:193. 13. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui., 45:309, 330. 1896. 14. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui., 205:42. 1903. 15. Budd-Hansen, 1903:120. fig.
SYNONYMS. Martin (i, 2, 6, 7). MCCLELLAN (i, 5). McLELAN (8, 9). MCLELLAN (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15).
A very choice dessert apple, handsome, fragrant, tender and excellent in quality. It comes into season a little later than Maiden Blush and may keep till January or February. When properly colored it is well adapted for fancy market and fruit-stand trade but when the color remains greenish, as it often does, the flavor is inferior. The fruit shows bruises readily and must be handled with extra care. It drops easily from the tree and on this account should be picked as soon as colored. In some cases it may pay to make two pickings. The tree comes into bearing young and is a reliable biennial bearer yielding good crops. It is only a moder- ately vigorous grower and probably it would be an advantage to topwork it upon some more vigorous and longer-lived stock, such as Northern Spy or Baldwin. It is not recommended for extensive commercial planting but in some cases it may be grown to a lim- ited extent with profit.
Historical. The original tree was planted in a seedling orchard in Wood- stock, Conn., about 1780 (i, 5). It has been sparingly disseminated and is known locally in various parts of New York state, but it is now seldom offered by nurserymen (12) and is little propagated.
TREE.
Tree medium in size, moderately vigorous with long and moderately stouc branches. Form erect, roundish, open. Twigs medium to long, erect, stout, generally somewhat curved; internodes short to medium. Bark dull, very dark reddish-brown, sometimes tinged with green and overlaid with rather heavy scarf-skin; rather heavily pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, not very conspicuous, medium to small, roundish, sometimes a little raised. Buds above medium to large, rather deeply set in the bark, broad, flat, obtuse to somewhat acute, free, very pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium to large; uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate to roundish conic, rather broad and flat at the base, symmetrical or nearly so, regular to elliptical. Stem short to medium, slender. Cavity acute to acuminate, rather wide, deep, symmetrical, sometimes a little fur-
136 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
rowed, smooth. Calyx small to medium, partly open or closed; lobes long, acuminate. Basin medium to rather small, abrupt, moderately shallow to deep, rather narrow to moderately wide, nearly round or sometimes angular, sometimes distinctly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin tough, waxen, pale yellow or greenish, blushed and mottled with bright light red splashed and striped with bright carmine. Highly colored specimens are almost entirely red and very attractive. Dots numerous but mostly inconspicuous, whitish or russet.
Calyx tube funnel-form with wide limb or sometimes elongated. Stamens basal to median.
Core below medium to small, axile or nearly so ; cells not uniformly de- veloped, usually pretty symmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines clasp- ing the funnel cylinder. Carpels smooth, roundish to elliptical narrowing toward the base and apex, slightly emarginate. Seeds rather small, obtuse, smooth, dark.
Flesh tinged with, yellow, moderately firm, very tender, moderately fine- grained, juicy, moderately crisp, almost sweet, excellent in flavor, very good for dessert.
Season October to January or February or sometimes to March.
McMAHON.
REFERENCES, i. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:27. 2. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886:221. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:93. 4. Rural N. Y., 46:751. 1887. 5. Can. Hart., 11:220. 1888. fig. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1889:10. 7. Am. Card., 11:243. 1890. 8. Can. Hort., 13:174, 216. 1890. 9. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1890:413. 10. Can. Hort., 14:339. 1891. n. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:57, 59. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:244. 13. Can. Hort., 15:393. 1892. 14. Ib., 16:77, 134. 1893. col. pi 15. Craig, Ib., 16:137. 1893. fig- X6. Ib., Out. Fr. Gr. Assn. An. Rpt., 26:16. 1894. 17. Ib., Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1894:125. 18. Ib., 1895:93. fig. 19. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 15:273. 1896. figs. 20. Thomas, 1897 :6.;> 21. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:300. 1901. 22. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui., 76:72. 1902. fig. 23. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48 :48. 1903. 24. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui, 205:42. 1903. 25. Budd-Hansen, 1903:121. fig. 26. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:130. 1904. 27. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56:188. 1905.
SYNONYMS. McMAHAN (14, 20). McMahan (27). MCMAHAN WHITE (6, 7, 15, 16, 17, 18). MCMAHON (u, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27). MCMAHON WHITE (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 24). McMahon White (19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27).
A large apple of the Aport group, pale yellow or almost white, often with a delicate pink blush. The flesh is juicy, brisk subacid, fair to good in quality, excellent for culinary use. As grown at this Station it ripens unevenly and does not appear well adapted for storage (26). Season October to January or February. The
LEE
Me LELLAN
McMAHON
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 137
tree comes into bearing rather young and yields good crops bien- nially. In 1895 Craig wrote concerning McMahon: "Attention is again drawn to some of its merits as an apple of value for regions where Northern Spy, Ribston Pippin and Rhode Island Greening cannot be grown profitably on account of their inability to with- stand the severity of the climate. It has proved so far a remark- ably vigorous and healthy grower, making probably more well matured wood growth than any other variety in the orchard, and is free from many of the defects characteristic to varieties unadapted to this climate. It has borne moderately heavy crops for the last two years. The fruit is of the largest size, smooth and handsome, though lacking in color as grown in this vicinity and somewhat soft in texture " (18). It is less desirable than standard kinds of its season for growing commercially in New York because it is only moderately attractive in general appearance, its color is such that it readily shows bruises and it does not rank high either in flavor or quality.
Historical. This variety originated about 1860 in Richland county, Wis., and is supposed to be a seedling of the Alexander. It is frequently listed by nurserymen, but it has thus far been but little planted in New York.
TREE.
Tree medium size, vigorous. Form rather spreading. Twigs medium size, slender, straight or nearly so; internodes above medium. Bark dull dark reddish-brown; slightly pubescent. Lenticels numerous, below medium or sometimes medium, elongated, somewhat raised, dull. Buds medium or below, rather acute, thin, often appressed, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit large or very large. Form roundish inclined to conic, faintly ribbed. Stem medium in length, moderately thick. Cavity remarkably acuminate, very deep, broad, compressed, slightly russeted and with outspreading rays. Calyx rather small, slightly open; lobes separated at base, short. Basin moderately deep, rather narrow to moderately wide, abrupt, compressed, slightly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin pale greenish-yellow or nearly white with irregular stripes and patches of whitish scarf-skin extending out from the cavity over the base, and often having the cheek overspread with a thin blush which sometimes is faintly splashed and striped with carmine. Dots few, inconspicuous, small, greenish or russet.
Calyx tube rather long, wide, broadly conical inclined to funnel-form or cylindrical. Stamens median to basal.
138 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Core medium to small, slightly abaxile to axile ; cells pretty symmetrical, closed or slightly open ; core lines nearly meeting or clasping. Carpels roundish or inclined to elliptical, slightly emarginate. Seeds rather dark brown, medium or below, moderately plump, obtuse to acute.
Flesh nearly white, nearly fine, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, fair to good.
Season October to January or February.
MAGOG.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1876:56 app. 2. Thomas, 1885:516. 3. Can. Hort., 13:174. 1890. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:243. 5. Hoskins, Am. Card., 15:256. 1894. 6. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 15:273. 1896. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:18. 8. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48:48. 1903. 9. Budd-Hansen, 1903:122. 10. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui., 205:45. 1903. ii. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:130. 1904.
SYNONYMS. MAGOG (4, 8, 10). MAGOG Red Streak (7, 9). MAGOG RED STREAK (i, 2, 3, 5, 6). Magog Red Streak (4, n).
Fruit of good size, rather attractive appearance and good to very good quality, especially for culinary uses. Dr. Hoskins, who prop- agated it for several years, said in 1894: " It is a fair but uneven keeper, and might be well described as not quite valuable enough to retain, vet hardly deserving to be cast aside." It is reported as being very hardy in Northern New York, a good grower and a good bearer. As fruited at this Station the tree is a moderately good grower, comes into bearing rather young and yields moderate to good crops nearly annually. The keeping quality of the fruit varies in different seasons but its commercial limit in ordinary storage appears to be October. It remains in season to January or possibly later (n). It is not recommended for planting except perhaps for home use in localities where its superior hardiness gives it an advantage over ordinary varieties of its season.
Historical. Originated by Wm. Warren, Newport, Vt. (i). It has been planted to a considerable extent in portions of Northern New England. Northern New York and the parts of Canada adjoining. It is still propa- gated in a few nurseries (4).
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading or roundish. Twigs short to medium, straight or nearly so, rather slender; internodes short to medium. Bark dark brown or brownish-red, lightly streaked with scarf- skin, pubescent. Lcnticels scattering, small, oval, not raised. Buds small to above medium, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
MAGOG
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 139
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large, averaging above medium, rather uniform in size but variable in shape. Form roundish to oblong, inclined to conic or some- what ovate, regular or faintly ribbed; sides often unequal. Stem medium to short, moderately thick to rather slender. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, medium in depth, medium to rather narrow, usually smooth, oc- casionally lipped, often irregularly russeted. Calyx' medium to small, closed ; lobes medium length, rather narrow, acute to acuminate. Basin usually medium in width and depth, sometimes rather abrupt, coarsely wrinkled.
Skin thin, tough, smooth, waxy, pale greenish or yellow, lightly washed and mottled with thin brownish-red, sparingly striped and splashed with deeper red. Dots numerous, light, submerged, areolar, brown and russet. Prevailing effect yellow.
Calyx tube medium in width, long, conical to funnel-shape with long cylinder. Stamens nearly marginal.
Core large to medium, abaxile; cells open; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels long ovate to broadly obcordate, sometimes tufted. Seeds light brown, small to medium, rather wide, short, very plump, obtuse to broadly acute.
Flesh tinged with yellow, rather firm, medium to rather fine-grained, tender, very juicy, sprightly, pleasant subacid, aromatic, good.
Season October to January or later.
MADDEN BLUSH.
REFERENCES, i. Coxe, 1817:106. fig. 2. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:476. 3. Wilson, 1828:136. 4. Fessenden, 1828:131. 5. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :No. 704. 6. Kenrick, 1832:27. 7. Thacher, 1822:130. 8. Mag. Hort., 1:363, 396. 1835. 9. Downing, 1845:90. fig. 10. Thomas, 1849:157. fig. ii. Cole, 1849:113. fig. 12. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:40. 1851. col pi. No. 30 and fig. 13. Barry, 1851:285. 14. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 18:544. 1852. fig. 15. Elliott, 1854:469 app. 16. Hooper, 1857:57. 17. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1860:240. 18. Warder, 1867:412. fig. 19. Fitz, 1872:143, 164. 20. Hogg, 1884:138. 21. Rural N. Y., 47:713. 1888. 22. Wickson, 1889:244. 23. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294. 24. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:243. 25. Can. Hort., 15:65. 1892. 26. Ark. Sta. An. Rpt., 6:55. 1893. 27. Ib., 7 144. 1894. 28. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53 :279. 1894. 29. Ib., 557- 1896. 30. ///. Sta. Bui., 45:331- 1896. 31. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:299. 1901. 32. Fa. Sta. Bui., 130:124. 1901. 33. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1901:18. 34. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48:48. 1903. 35. Budd-Hansen, 1903:122. fig. 36. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:130. 1904.
SYNONYMS. Lady Blush (36). MAIDEN BLUSH (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
II, 12, 13, 14, 15, l6, 17, l8, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32,
33,34,35,36). Red Cheek (11).
This is a beautiful apple of pale lemon-yellow color with crim- son cheek. The flesh is white, sprightly, not superior in flavor but
140 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
good in quality. It is valued especially for market and culinary uses. It makes very white evaporated stock. As grown in West- ern New York it is in season from September to November or December. Later than this although the fruit may appear sound it is deficient in quality. In cold storage its commercial limit appears to be about December I5th. It does not stand heat well before going into storage. It varies greatly in the time of maturing in different seasons. The earlier it matures the less satisfactory is it as a keeper (36). It is recognized as a standard market variety and usually sells above the average prices for varieties of its class. In many localities it has proven a very satisfactory variety for the commercial orchard, because the tree is a fine grower, hardy, pretty long-lived, comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable cropper, yielding good to heavy crops biennially or almost annually. In many cases the fruit does not mature uniformly and there is considerable loss from drops unless more than one picking is made in gathering the crop. Usually the fruit is pretty uniform in size but on unthrifty, old trees or under unfavorable circumstances a considerable amount of the fruit may be too small for market. It is sometimes badly injured by scab but this may readily be pre- vented by proper treatment.
Historical. Coxe described this variety in I&I7 as very popular in the Philadelphia market and the best variety of its season for evaporating. He stated that it was named by Samuel Allinson, of Burlington, N. J., who first brought it to notice. In the American Pomological Society's Catalogue of fruits it is reported as either " wholly successful or successful " in nearly all the important apple-growing districts of the United States (33)- It has long been well and favorably known in New York and it is still being planted both for commercial purposes and for home use.
TREE.
Tree medium size, moderately vigorous to vigorous. Form spreading, open. Twigs long, curved, slender; internodes short. Bark brown or red- dish-brown, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, small, round, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse,
free, slightly pubescent. (
FRUIT.
Fruit medium or above, sometimes iarge, uniform in size and shape. Form oblate a little inclined to conic, regular, symmetrical. Stem short to
I
MAIDEN BLUSH
THE APPLES OF XEW YORK. 141
medium, rather slender. Cavity rather large, acute to obtuse, medium to wide, moderately deep to shallow, usually symmetrical, sometimes rus'setecl. Calyx medium size, closed ; lobes separated at base, medium length, mod- erately broad, acute. Basin moderately shallcw, medium to wide, obtuse, regular, smooth or slightly furrowed, symmetrical.
Skin thin, tough, smooth, pale waxen yellow with crimson blush. Dots numerous, whitish and submerged or areolar.
Calyx tube small, narrow, conical to funnel-shape. Siamens median to marginal.
Core medium size, axile or somewhat abaxile, broadly elliptical ; cells closed or slightly open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels very broadly ovate. Seeds medium brown, moderately wide, moderately long, plump, acute.
Flesh white or with slight yellow tinge, fine, moderately crisp, tender, very juicy, subacid, good in quality especially for culinary uses.
Season September to November or December.
MAIDEN FAVORITE.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1857:167. 2. Warder, 1867:725. 3. Thomas, 1875:505.
SYNONYMS. Maiden's Apple (i). MAIDEN FAVORITE (i, 2, 3).
A late fall and early winter variety which originated in Stuyvesant, Columbia county, N. Y. According to Downing it is a desirable amateur variety of delicacy and beauty, medium size or below, whitish or pale waxen yellow sometimes mottled with crimson. Flesh tender, crisp, very delicate, vinous, sweet, good to very good. Tree a rather slow grower with upright, slender branches, and a good bearer. We are not acquainted with this variety. So far as we have been able to learn it is not cultivated outside of the vicinity of its origin and is no longer propagated.
MARGARET.
REFERENCES, i. Forsyth, 1803:50. 2. Am. Card. Cal., 1806:584. 3. For- syth, 1824:114. 4. Pom. Mag., i :No.46. 1828. col. pi. 5. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :No. 708. 6. Kenrick, 1832:26. 7. Floy-Lindley, 1833:7. 8. Manning, 1838:46. 9. Downing, 1845:73. fig. 10. Cole, 1849:98. n. Thomas, 1849:137. fig. 12. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:11. 1851. 13. Elliott, 1854:145. 14. Hooper, 1857:31. 15. Warder, 1867:717. 16. Fitz, 1872:160. 17. Downing, 1872:10 index, app. 18. Leroy, 1873:454. fig. 19. Barry, 1883:332. 20. Hogg, 1884:141. 21. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:238. 22. four. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:354. 23. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:299. 1901. 24. Budd-Hansen, 1903:124.
SYNONYMS. D'Eve (18). Duverson's June (17). Early June of South (13). EARLY MARGARET (16). Early Margaret (4, 20). Early Red (24). EARLY RED JUNEATING (6). Early Red Juneating (7, 9, u, 12, 13, 20). EARLY RED MARGARET (4, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21). Early Red Margaret (6, 13, 18, 20, 23). Early Striped Juneating (4, 5, 6, 7, 20). Eve Apple (7, of Ireland 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 13, 20). Herr's June (17). June of
142 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
some in Ohio (13). Lammas (3, 20). Magdalene (20). MARGARET (i, 2, 3, 13, 20, 22, 23, 24). Margaret (4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 18). Margaret, Early (5). MARGARET, EARLY RED (5). Margaretha Apfel (4, 7, 9, 12, 13). Margct Apple (20). MARGUERITE (18). Marguerite (5, 20). Maudlin (18, 20). 7??c/ Joaneting (22). ^d /MH* of South (13). Red Juneating (4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 20). Red Juneting (3). Reinette Quarrendon (18). Rothcr Jacobs (18). Rother Jacobs Apfel (4, 7). Striped Juneating (5, 9, n, 12, 13, 18, 20). Striped Quarendon (17). Striped Quarrenden (5, 18, 20). Summer Traveller (5, 17, 20). Virginia June (17).
An early summer apple, small to nearly medium, roundish ovate, yellowish striped and marbled with dull red. Flesh pleasant subacid, good; season late July and early August. It is a dessert apple suitable for the home orchard only. The tree is of medium size, moderately vigorous, upright, hardy, long- lived, comes into bearing fairly young and is a pretty reliable biennial cropper.
Historical. This is a very old English variety. Hogg (20) states that " It is without doubt the Margaret of Rea, Worlidge, Ray, and all our early pomologists except Miller." It has long been cultivated in this country, but only to a very limited extent. It is now rarely propagated by our nursery- men and seldom planted.
MILLER.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1857:172. 2. Horticulturist, 13:530. 1858. 3. Warder, 1867:726. 4. Downing, 1869:275. 5. Leroy, 1873:469. fig. 6. Thomas, 1875:506. 7. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294.
SYNONYMS. MILLER (i, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). MILLER SEEDLING (2).
This apple was brought to notice by James O. Miller, Montgomery, Orange county, N. Y. (i). Downing (4) describes the fruit as rather large, roundish oblate inclined to conic, yellow shaded, striped and splashed with light red. Flesh yellowish, crisp, pleasant subacid, good to very good. Season October and November (3). Lyon refers to it as a promising fruit for market and general purposes (7). We are unacquainted with this variety and have received no report concerning it from any of our correspondents.
MILLIGEN.
REFERENCES, i. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 8:348. 1889. 2. U.' S. B. P. /. Bui., 48:49. 1903. 3. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:132. 1904. SYNONYMS. None.
Fruit of good size, rather attractive in general appearance, yellow striped with red, good to very good. It comes into season in October and some portion of the fruit may be kept in good condition till spring. In common storage there is apt to be a rather high rate of loss during late autumn, so that its commercial limit is October or early November, but it may be held in cold storage till midwinter (3). The tree is a vigorous grower, almost an annual bearer and usually produces good crops. It does not excel standard varieties of its season for any purpose. Not recommended for planting in New York.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 143
Historical. This variety was originated by Mrs. Milligen, near Claysville, Washington county, Pa. It was received for testing at this Station from J. R. and R. A. Murdock, Pittsburg, Pa., in 1888.
MOSHER.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1881 :Q7 app. 2. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:300. 1901. SYNONYMS. MOSHER (2). MOSHER SWEET (i). Mosher Sweet (2).
A good variety for the home orchard but not attractive enough for market (i). Originated in the orchard of Ephraim Mosher, Washington, N. Y., many years since. So far as we can learn this variety is not now being propagated by nurserymen and its cultivation appears to be declining. The tree is large, rather vigorous, upright spreading or roundish, a good grower, comes into bearing rather young and yields pretty good crops annu- ally or nearly annually. Fruit medium, oblate conic, ribbed pale yellow or greenish; flesh white, moderately juicy, sweet, aromatic, good; season Sep- tember and October.
MOTHER.
REFERENCES, i. Mag. Hort., 10:210. 1844. 2. Thomas, Cultivator, 5:306. 1848. fig. 3. Horticulturist, 3:581. 1848. 4. Cole, 1849 : 115. fig- 5- Hovey, Mag. Hort., 15:65. 1849. fig. 6. Thomas, 1849:169. fig. 7. Waring, 1851:27. 8. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:58. 1851. 9. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. ID, Mag. Hort., 20:241. 1854. n. Elliott, 1854:147. 12. Downing, 1857:87. 13. Hooper, 1857:62. 14. Gregg, 1857:55. 15. Mag. Hort., 28:281. 1862. 16. Lothrop, Mag. Hort., 32:363. 1866. 17. Warder, 1867:663. fig. 18. Fitz, 1872:141. 19. Barry, 1883:350. 20. Hogg, 1884:7. 21. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294. 22. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:245. 23. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:356. 24. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bui., 130:124. 1901. 25. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bui, 106 :54. 1902. 26. Rural N. Y., 61 :8>2g.
1902. figs. 27. Budd-Hansen, 1903:132. figs. 28. Rural N. Y., 62:7, 380.
1903. 29. Bruner, N. C. Sta. Bui., 182:21. 1903. 30. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. /. B ul., 48:50. 1903. 31. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:133. 1904.
SYNONYMS. AMERICAN MOTHER (20). Gardener's Apple (20). Mother Apple (20). MOTHER (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31). MOTHER OF AMERICA (23). Queene Anne (12, 20).
A beautiful red apple of good size, with tender, rich, aromatic flesh of best dessert quality. It is less desirable for culinary uses, being somewhat lacking in acidity. It resembles Esopus Spitzen- bnrg to a marked degree but ripens earlier and is not so good a keeper. In ordinary storage it does not keep well and November
144 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
is its safe commercial limit, but in cold storage it may be held till March or later (31). The tree is below medium size and but a moderate grower. In many localities it is rather tender and liable to scald or canker on the trunk and larger branches. On this account it is desirable to topwork it upon Northern Spy or some other hardy, vigorous stock. It does not come into bearing very young and commonly is a biennial cropper yielding moderate to good crops. It cannot be recommended for general commercial planting but it is desirable for the home orchard.
Historical. Thomas described it in 1848 as " a new, handsome late autumn and early winter apple, of the highest quality," and stated that it originated at Bolton, Worcester county, Mass. (2). It is still listed by some nursery- men (22) but it is nowhere being extensively planted. It is but seldom found in cultivation in New York.
TREE.
Tree below medium size, moderately vigorous or a rather slow grower. Form upright spreading to roundish, rather open. Twigs long, curved, mod- erately stout; internodes long. Bark brown, mingled with olive-green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels numerous, rather conspicuous, medium size, oval, raised. Buds rather prominent, medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit below medium to above, sometimes large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form- roundish or roundish conic to oblong ovate, obscurely and broadly ribbed. Stem long to medium, moderately slender to rather thick. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, rather shallow to moderately deep, rather narrow to moderately broad, often russeted, sometimes furrowed or compressed or lipped. Calyx small, closed or nearly so ; lobes medium, narrow, acute. Basin shallow, narrow, a little abrupt, somewhat furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thin, smooth, golden yellow nearly covered with bright deep red, marbled and striped with carmine. Dots rather small, inconspicuous, yellow- ish or pale and submerged.
Calyx tube rather long, funnel-form with wide limb and narrow cylinder. Stamens marginal.
Core medium to rather small, abaxile ; cells nearly symmetrical, open or partly open ; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly ovate to roundish, emarginate, mucronate. Seeds rather dark, medium or below, plump, acute to acuminate.
Flesh fine, tender, juicy, very mild subacid, aromatic, very good to best in flavor and quality.
Season late September to January; it is in its prime in November.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 145
MOUNTAIN SWEET.
REFERENCES, i. Warder, 1867 :388. 2. Downing, 1869 1282. SYNONYMS. MOUNTAIN SWEET (i, 2). Mountaineer (i, 2).
Fruit of medium size, fairly good appearance and moderate to good quality, not superior to other varieties of its season and not recommended for plant- ing in this state.
Historical. Origin Pennsylvania (i). It is but little known in New York and its cultivation in this state is not being extended.
TREE.
Tree medium or below, not a strong grower, with short, stout, curved branches. Form spreading or roundish, rather dense. Twigs short, straight, moderately stout; internodes short. Bark clear brown mingled with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin ; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, small, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium size, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit variable, usually medium or above. Form roundish or roundish oblate, pretty regular, somewhat angular; sides unequal. Stem short to rather long, rather slender. Cavity nearly acuminate to somewhat obtuse, medium in depth, rather broad, russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx small to rather large, closed or open; lobes separated at base, medium to long, rather narrow, acuminate. Basin moderately shallow to shallow, narrow to moderately wide, wavy.
Skin thick, rather tough, somewhat rough, clear pale yellow overlaid with faint pinkish blush and scattering stripes of deeper red. Dots numerous, inconspicuous, small, russet. Prevailing effect striped.
Calyx tube medium in length, rather wide, conical to somewhat funnel- form. Stamens median to basal.
Core medium size, abaxile; cells open; core lines meeting or slightly clasp- ing. Carpels broadly ovate to elliptical, emarginate. Seeds very small, rather wide, plump, acute, rather light brown.
Flesh white, moderately fine, very tender, juicy, sweet, good.
Season September to December.
MOUSE.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1845:117. 2. Thomas, 1849:182. 3. Enimons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:82. 1851. 4. Elliott, 1854:147. 5. Hooper, 1857:62. 6. Warder, 1867:727.
SYNONYMS. Moose (i, 2, 3, 4, 5). MOUSE (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).
An old variety which originated in Ulster county, N. Y., where it was formerly popular (i). According to Downing the fruit is large, roundish conical, pale greenish-yellow with brownish blush; flesh very white, fine- grained, delicate, mild subacid ; good ; season October to November.
This variety is unknown to us and we have received no reports concerning it from any of our correspondents.
146 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
MUNSON.
REFERENCES, i. Genesee Farmer, 10 1288. 1849. 2. Barry, 1851 1285. 3. Humrickhouse, Mag. Hort., 19:163. 1853. 4. Elliott, 1854:148. 5. Downing, 1857:174. 6. Gregg, 1857:44. 7. Horticulturist, 17:104, 150. 1862. 8. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 9. Warder, 1867:388. fig. 10. Thomas, 1875:198. ii. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:245. 13. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53:278. 1894. *4- Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45:333. 1896. 15. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1896:71. 16. Ib., 18:89.
1902. 17. Budd-Hansen, 1903:133. fig. 18. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui, 205 :45.
1903. 19. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48:50. 1903. 20. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:133. 1904.
SYNONYMS. Meachem Sweet (5). MUNSON (17, 18, 19, 20). MUNSON SWEET (2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16). Munson Sweet (17, 19, 20). MUNSON SWEETING (4, 6). Munson Sweeting (i). NORTHERN SWEETING (i). Orange Sweet (5, 9)- Ray Apple (5).
In some parts of New York this variety is better known under either the names Meachem Sweet or Rag Apple than it is under the correct name of Munson.
The fruit commonly averages about medium size. It is attrac- tive in appearance for a yellow apple, being pale yellow often some- what blushed ; skin characteristically tough separating readily from the tender flesh ; season late September to December. It is a desir- able variety for home use but is not very satisfactory "for growing commercially because there is little demand for a sweet apple of its season except in certain local markets. The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing rather early and is a pretty reliable cropper commonly yielding good crops biennially.
Historical Origin uncertain. Supposed to have originated in Massa- chusetts. It is still propagated by nurserymen (12) but it is not being planted in New York now as much as it was a generation ago.
TREE.
Tree large, moderately vigorous to vigorous. Form spreading or roundish, rather dense. Twigs short to rather long, curved, stout to moderately slender with large terminal buds ; internodes short. Bark dark brown, heavily streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lenticels quite numerous, rather conspicuous, medium size, roundish, raised. Buds large, prominent, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit below medium to rather large, averaging about medium size. Form roundish oblate, often somewhat elliptical, ribbed. Stem rather short, mod-
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 147
erately thick. Cavity medium to rather large, acuminate, narrow to medium width, rather unsymmetrical, lightly russeted. Calyx medium to small, closed; lobes rather narrow, acute. Basin shallow to very shallow, narrow, obtuse or a little abrupt, furrowed, often unsymmetrical.
Skin rather thick and tough separating readily from the flesh, smooth, greenish-yellow often somewhat blushed.
Calyx tube funnel-shape with long cylinder. Stamens marginal to median.
Core medium to large, axile or sometimes abaxile ; cells often unsym- metrical, closed or somewhat open; core lines clasping the cylinder. Carpels roundish to elliptical, emarginate, tufted. Seeds medium size, rather short, flat, obtuse, dark brown.
Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately fine-grained, tender, moderately juicy, sweet, good to very good.
Season late September to December.
NORTHERN SWEET.
REFERENCES, i. Cultivator, 6:353. 1849. 2. Battey, Horticulturist, 4:316. 1850. fig. 3. Jeffreys, Ib., 4:413. 1850. 4- Barry, 1851:285. 5- Emmons, Nat. Hist N. Y., 3:42. 1851. col. pi No. 50 and fig. 6. Mag. Hort., 20:241. 1854- 7. Elliott, 1854:149. 8. Downing, 1857:177. 9. Gregg, 1857:45. 10. Hoffy, N. A. Pom., 1860. col pi n. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 12. Warder, 1867:632. 13. Leroy, 1873:502. fig. 14. Thomas, 1875:508. 15. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881:316. 16. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:245. 17. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:302. 1901. 18. Budd-Hansen, 1903:138.
SYNONYMS. Golden Sweet (8, 10, 13). NORTHERN GOLDEN SWEET (5). Northern Golden Sweet (2, 7, 8, 13). Northern Golden Sweeting (10). NORTHERN SWEET (i, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, u, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18). NORTH- ERN SWEETING (9).
Fruit yellow or sometimes with a crimson cheek. Flesh whitish, fine, ten- der, juicy, sweet, very good; season midautumn. It is a good apple for the home orchard but not desirable for commercial purposes.
Historical. Supposed to be a native of Chittenden county, Vermont. Brought to notice by Jonathan Battey, Keeseville, Clinton county, N. Y., about 1849, who stated that it had then been cultivated in the vicinity of its origin for about fifty years (2). It has probably been grown more in the Cham- plain valley than in any other section of the state. It is still occasionally listed by nurserymen (16) but is now seldom planted.
. OGDENSBURGH.
REFERENCE, i. Downing, 1869:291. SYNONYMS. None.
Originated with A. B. James, Ogdensburg, N. Y. According to Elliott's description cited by Downing (i) the fruit is medium size, whitish-yellow with brownish-blush ; flesh tender, very mild subacid, very good ; season November and December. We are unacquainted with this variety and have received no report concerning it from any of our correspondents.
148 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
OHIO NONPAREIL.
REFERENCES, i. Mag. Hort., 14:114. 1848. 2. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:77. 1851. fig. 3. Elliott, 1854:148. fig. 4. Mag. Hort., 22:85, So6. 1856. 5. Hooper, 1857:15. 6. Downing, C, Mag. Hort., 27:59. 1861. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 8. Elliott, Mag. Hort., 32:51. 1866. 9. Warder, 1867:447. fig. 10. Downing, 1869:29. fig. u. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1869. 12. Fitz, 1872:171. 13. Thomas, 1875:203. 14. Barry, 1883:340. 15. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294. 16. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:245. 17. Budd- Hansen, 1903:141. fig.
SYNONYMS. BELLFLOWER OF THE WEST (5). Cattell Apple (10, of Penn- sylvania 6). MYERS NONPAREIL (3, 7, 8, 13). Myers Nonpareil (6, 9, 10, 12, 14). Nonpareil (6). OHIO NONPAREIL (i, 4, 6, 9, 10, n, 12, 14, 15, 17). Ohio Nonpareil (5, 13). OHIO NONPAREIL (2, 16). Red Bellfiower of some (5). Rusty Core (6, 10). Wells (5). Western Beauty (9, erro- neously 10).
A fine fall apple of good color and good quality for either dessert or culinary purposes. The tree is a moderate grower and appears to be hardy and moderately long-lived. It does not come into bearing very young and is not always a reliable cropper. It is regarded as a good variety for home use and some recommend it for commercial planting. Season October and November.
Historical. Originated near Massillon, Ohio. Although this is an old variety having first been described in 1848 (i) we do not find that it has been much disseminated in New York. It is more popular in the Middle West and is still offered by nurserymen in that region (16).
TREE.
Tree medium size, moderately vigorous. Form rather spreading, not dense. Twigs medium length, curved, rather stout. Bark olive-green with some reddish-brown, thinly streaked and mottled with gray scarf-skin. Lenticels scattering, conspicuous, large, usually round, becoming laterally compressed. Buds medium to small, obtuse, appressed, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large. Form roundish oblate, pften obscurely ribbed. Stem medium to rather short, rather thick. Cavity rather large, acute, deep, pretty symmetrical, mpre or less russeted, the russet sometimes outspread- ing over the base. Calyx: medium or above, closed or slightly open ; lobes medium in length, narrow, acute. Basin rather small, medium in depth, narrow to moderately wide, somewhat abrupt, rather symmetrical.
Skin pale yellow to deep yellow almost entirely overspread with bright red, mottled and irregularly striped and splashed with carmine. Dots moderately numerous, small to medium, areolar with russet center or grayish.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 149
Calyx tube moderately short, conical. Stamens basal to nearly median.
Core small, somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, not uniformly developed, nearly closed to somewhat open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels roundish, rather flat, tufted. Seeds medium size, moderately long, plump, acute, tufted.
Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, moderately fine, crisp, tender, juicy, agree- able subacid, aromatic, good to very good.
Season October and November.
OHIO PIPPIN.
REFERENCES, i. Warder, 1867 :4&4- fig- 2. Downing, 1869 1292. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1881:12. 4. Thomas, 1885:223. 5. Taylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1895:193. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903:141. 7. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:135. 1904.
SYNONYMS. Buchanan (i). Ernst's Apple (i). ERNST'S PIPPIN (4). Ernst's Pippin (2). OHIO PIPPIN (i, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7). Ohio Pippin (4). Shannon (i, 2, 3, 6).
Fruit of good medium size, quite attractive for a yellow apple, mild in flavor and of good quality. Season late September or October to January ; October appears to be its commercial limit in this latitude (7). The tree attains good size, is rather vigorous and healthy, comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable cropper, being almost an annual bearer and often yielding full crops.
Historical. This variety is supposed to have originated in Dayton, Ohio (i, 2). It has been disseminated pretty widely in the Middle West but it is scarcely known among New York fruit growers.
TREE.
Tree rather vigorous. Form open, somewhat roundish or spreading and inclined to droop. Twigs short, straight, stout; internodes short. Bark dark dull brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels scattering, medium to below, oblong, not raised. Buds very deeply set in the bark, medium size, flat, obtuse, appressed, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium to medium. Form oblate conic to roundish oblate, rather irregular in shape being often somewhat elliptical or obscurely ribbed. Stem short, slender, usually not exserted. Cavity rather large, acute or slightly acuminate, varying sometimes to rather obtuse, deep, broad, often furrowed, sometimes lipped, sometimes russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to large, open; lobes reflexed, rather broad, obtuse, separated at the base. Basin small and shallow to rather broad, deep and abrupt, sometimes compressed, wrinkled.
150 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Skin smooth, somewhat glossy, attractive bright yellow often with a faint orange or pinkish blush. Dots whitish, submerged, sometimes russet or areolar with russet point.
Calyx tube short, rather wide above, cone-shape or approaching truncate funnel-form. Stamens basal or nearly so.
Core small, usually axile ; cells symmetrical, closed or partly open ; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish, approaching elliptical, but slightly emarginate if at all, mucronate, slightly tufted. Seeds numerous, light colored, rather small, very plump, obtuse.
Flesh whitish or tinged with yellow, firm, fine, tender, crisp, moderately juicy, mild subacid becoming mildly sweet, good.
OKABENA.
REFERENCES, i. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:132. 2. Ib., Cat., 1899:19. 3. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1901:97. 4. Hansen, 5. D. Sta. Bui, 76:78. 1902. fig. 5. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bui., 106:54. 1902. 6. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:84. 1902. 7. Budd-Hansen, 1903:141. fig.
SYNONYMS. OKABENA (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7). OKOBENA (6).
An autumn apple not particularly attractive in appearance, nor more than moderately good in quality. Not recommended for planting in New York.
Historical. Originated in 1871 near Worthington, Minn., from seed of Oldenburg said to be fertilized by Wealthy (7). Received for testing at this Station in 1892, from the Jewel Nursery Company which introduced this variety. In 1899 it was given a place on the list of the American Pomologi- cal Society as a variety of value in the Upper Mississippi valley (2). So far as we can learn it has been grown in the East only in an experimental way.
OLDENBURG.
REFERENCES, i. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :No. 341. 2. Kenrick, 1832:64. 3. Manning, 1838:52. 4. Ives, Mag. Hort., 6:125. 1840. 5. Man- ning, Ib., 7:44. 1841. 6. Downing, 1845:82. 7. Cole, 1849:102. 8. Thomas, 1849:147. 9. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 16:495. 1850. fig. 10. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:34. 1851. ii. Barry, 1851:283. 12. Waring, 1851:28. 13. Elliott, 1854:131. 14. Hooper, 1857:30. 15. Gregg, 1857:42. 16. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 17. Barry, Horticulturist, 22:148. 1867. 18. Warder, 1867:431. 19. Todd, 1871:186. fig. 20. Leroy, 1873:148. fig. 21. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:6. 22. Ib., 6:97. 1880. 23. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1883:12. 24. Hogg, 1884:64. 25. Can. Hort. 11:221. 1888. 26. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 47 '646. 1888. 27. Dunlap, ///. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1889 123. 28. Can. Hort., 12:75, no. 1889. 29. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 15:26. 1890. 30. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294. 31. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:237. 32. Am. Card., 14:519. 1893. 33- Can. Hort., 17:291. 1894. 34. Rural N. Y., 53:28. 1894. 35. Am. Card., 17:519. 1896. 36. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:354. 37. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 6:8. 1899. figs- 3& Craig, Cyc. of Hort., 1901:1404. 39. Van Deman, Rural N. Y., 60:248. 1901. 40. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bui, 130:121. 1901. 41. Waugh, Vt.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 151
Sta. An. Rpt., 14:302. 1901. 42. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76:46. 1902. 43. Ib., 76:79. 1902. fig. 44. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bui., 106:52. 1902. 45. Bruner, N. C. Sta. Bui., 182:21. 1903. 46. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui., 205:45. 1903. 47. Budd-Hansen, 1903:141. fig. 48. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48:51. 1903. 49- Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:136. 1904.
SYNONYMS. Barovcski (20). Barowiski (20). Borovitsky (20, 37, 38). BOROWICKI (20). Borowitski (24). Borowitsky (43). Charlamowiski (24). Charlamowski d'Automne (20). Charlamowskircher Nalleoid (20). Charla- mowsky (43). DUCHESS (27, 29, 32, 35, 37, 38, 43). DUCHESS OF OLDEN- BURG (3, 4, 11, 12, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 28, 31, 33, 36, 44). Duchess of Oldenburg (23, 41, 48, 49). DUCHESS OF OLDENBURGH (i, 2, 5, 9, 10, 14, 18). Duchesse d'Oldenbourg (20). DUTCHESS (13). DUTCHESS OF OLDENBERG (15). DUTCHESS OF OLDENBURGH (6, 7, 8). Dutchess of Oldenburgh (13). New Brunswick (34). OLDENBURG (23, 26, 39, 45, 48, 49). Oldenburg (35, 37). OLDENBURGH (30, 34). OLDENBURG, Duchess of (40, 42, 46, 47).
This Russian apple is known throughout the West either by the name Duchess, or by the full name Duchess of Oldenburg; the American Pomological Society has abbreviated the full name to Oldenburg, but this has not been generally accepted by Western fruit growers. In European nurseries it is propagated under the names of Charlamowsky and Borowitsky. It was early imported into the West, coming to this country by the way of England and it was the extreme hardiness of this variety in the early test winters that kept up the hopes of prairie orchardists in time of great dis- couragement and led to the importations of more varieties from Russia (42).
Oldenburg is one of the most valuable of the Russian apples thus far introduced into this country. It is of good size and attractive appearance. It is generally highly esteemed for home use on account of its excellent culinary qualities and with some fruit growers it has proved a very profitable variety for the commercial orchard. When properly grown and carefully handled it stands shipment pretty well and sells well for a variety of its season. In some few localities in Western New York it is grown in sufficient quantities so that it can be shipped in car lots to distant markets, but in very many places it is produced in greater quantities than the local markets can absorb and yet not in quantities large enough so that it can be economically shipped to distant markets. Since the fruit is quite perishable it does not stand heat well before shipment
152 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
and goes down rather quickly, particularly if the weather is unfa- vorable. When sent to distant markets it should be shipped under ice. The fruit ripens in succession so that several pickings are required in order to secure the crop in prime marketable condition. It is in season during late August and September, but it may be used for culinary purposes before it is fully ripe. The tree is highly valued because of its great hardiness. It is vigorous when young but with age it becomes a rather moderate or slow grower. It is only moderately long-lived, but is a reliable cropper, yielding good crops biennially, often with lighter crops alternating. Gener- ally speaking, the trees require good cultivation, thorough fertilizing and careful spraying in order to secure the best commercial results. The fruit hangs fairly well to the tree till it is ripe. It is quite uniform in size and quality, with but a small percentage of loss from unmarketable fruit.
Historical. This is one of the four pioneers among Russian apples in America, the other three being Alexander, Tetofsky and Red Astrachan (38). These four varieties were imported by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society from the London, England, Horticultural Society about 1835. Olden- burg was brought to England from Russia about twenty years prior to that date. It was tested by Robert Manning, Superintendent of the Test Gar- den of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society at Salem who published the following description in 1838 (3) : "A valuable and handsome apple said to be of Russian origin. The size is middling, form round and rather flat; skin of a beautiful yellow, striped with red; flavor very pleasant and good. It bears well and ripens in September and October." In 1850 Hovey wrote, " Mr. Manning, we believe, first proved the Duchess of Oldenburg and gave a brief account of it in his Book of Fruits. Since then it has been con- siderably disseminated, and though yet far from being common is to be found in many fine collections of fruit" (9). Later it became disseminated throughout the Middle West and Northwest where it proved to be much superior in hardiness to Baldwin, Rhode Island Greening, Northern Spy and other varieties which have been commonly cultivated in this state. Its ability to withstand severe climates encouraged the importation of other Russian sorts some of which have proved valuable in the northern portion of the apple belt. Oldenburg is commonly listed by nurserymen (31) and its planting both in home orchards and in commercial orchards is increasing in this state.
TREE.
Tree medium in size. Form at first upright spreading but eventually roundish. Twigs moderately long, curved, slender ; internodes long. Bark dark brown, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 153
scattering, small to medium, oblong, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large, averaging above medium, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate to oblate, regular, symmetrical. Stem short to some- times medium, moderately slender. Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, broad, usually partly covered with greenish-russet. Calyx medium to rather large, usually closed; lobes rather broad, acute. Basin moderately deep to deep, wide, abrupt, smooth or with small mammiform protuberances.
Skin moderately thick, tender, smooth, pale greenish-yellow or pale yel- low, almost covered with irregular splashes and stripes of bright red mottled and shaded with crimson. Dots scattering, small, light colored. Prevailing effect red striped; attractive.
Calyx- tube moderately long, rather wide, funnel-shape with broad trun- cate cylinder or approaching urn-shape. Stamens median.
Core medium to rather large, axile; cells symmetrical, closed or slightly open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly ovate, slightly emarginate. Seeds medium to rather large, wide, obtuse to acute, moderately plump, dark brown.
Flesh tinged with yellow, rather firm, moderately fine, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, aromatic, good to very good for culinary purposes. It has too much acidity for a good dessert apple.
Season late August and September.
ORANGE.
REFERENCES, i. M'Mahon, Am. Card. CaL, 1806:585. 2. Coxe, 1817:139. 3. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:91. 1851. 4. Horticulturist, 8:247. 1853. 5. Mag. Hort., 19:172. 1853. 6. Hooper, 1857:67. 7. Downing, 1857:178. 8. Warder, 1867 :728. 9. Downing, 1869 1294. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 : 245-
SYNONYMS. None.
Different varieties of the! apple have been known under the name Orange. The Fall Orange has already been described on page 60.
Orange has sometimes been used as a synonym for Lowell which is de- scribed on page 128.
ORANGE OF NEW JERSEY (i, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). Coxe (2) gives the fol- lowing description of this variety : " This is a fine table apple in the fall and early winter months; and is thought to be a good cider fruit; the size is small, the form oblong — the colour a greenish-yellow — the flesh yellow, rich, juicy and sprightly; the tree is of moderate size, the growth upright, and its fruitfulness great. It is much cultivated in several of the middle counties of New-Jersey as a highly estimable apple." Downing (7, 9) states that the tree is vigorous and moderately productive; the fruit pleasant sub- acid; very good; season September and October.
ORANGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. A variety which originated at Reading, Pa., was brought to notice under the name Orange by the ad interim report of the Fruit Committee of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society in 1853 (4> 5)- The fruit is described as medium size, roundish, nearly orange-yellow, sprightly,
154 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
good (4, 5, 8, 9). We have received no reports concerning this variety from any of our correspondents and so far as we know it is not in cultivation in New York.
ORANGE PIPPIN.
REFERENCES, i. Forsyth, 1803:54. 2. Ib., 1824:119. 3. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:476. 4. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 : No. 587. 5. Ken- rick, 1832:81. 6. Lindley, 1833:80. 7. Warder, 1867:728. 8. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1869. 9. Downing, 1872 -.62 app. fig. 10. Leroy, 1873 .-457. fig. ii. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. I2« Hogg, 1884:116. 13. Ib., 1884:164. 14. Thomas, 1885:519. 15. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 16. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:245.
SYNONYMS. Englese Orange Appel (12). ISLE OF WIGHT PIPPIN (4, 12). Isle of Wight Pippin (5, 6). Isle of Wight Orange (4, 5, 6, 12). MARIGOLD (10). Marigold (5). Marigold Creed's (10). Marigold Pippin (2). Mary- gold (6). ORANGE (7). ORANGE PIPPIN (i, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16). Orange Pippin (4, 12). Pomme d' Orange (12).
The above references are not all to the same variety and are included only because in many cases it is uncertain which variety the writer had in mind.
At least two varieties have been known in this country under the name Orange Pippin but so far as we can learn neither of them is now considered of superior value by fruit growers and both are going out of cultivation. One, which has been called also the Isle of Wight Pippin, Isle of Wight Orange, Marygold and Marigold, was disseminated from the Isle of Wight where, as some have supposed, it was brought from Normandy (i, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12). Fruit medium size, roundish, skin yellowish, golden gray russeted and highly colored with orange and red on the sunny side; flesh firm, crisp, pleasant acid, suitable for dessert; season October to January (6, 9). This was entered on the list of the American Pomological Society in 1869, dropped in 1871 and re-entered in 1873.
An Orange Pippin grown in some parts of New Jersey is described (8, 9, n, 14, 15) as a profitable summer market apple of unknown origin. Tree vigorous, at first upright but eventually spreading; a reliable biennial cropper. Fruit medium or above, pale yellow with some orange red in the sun; flesh white, half fine, tender, pleasant subacid; season September and October.
ORANGE SWEET.
REFERENCES, i. Mag. Hort., 1 1396. 1835. 2. Warder, 1867 1566. 3. Down- ing, 1869:295. 4. Thomas, 1885:519.
SYNONYMS. Orange Russet (2). ORANGE SWEET (3, 4). ORANGE SWEET- ING (i, 2).
Several varieties are described under this name by Downing (3) : one from Ohio, large, greenish-yellow; flesh whitish, tender, sweet, good; season October and November: one from Massachusetts, the fruit medium, oblate, greenish-yellow; the flesh yellowish-white, rather coarse, rich, sweet; season August and September : and one from Maine ; fruit medium, roundish ovate,
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 155
bright yellow with blush; flesh yellowish, tender, sweet, rich; season Sep- tember and October.
Warder (2) describes under the name Orange Sweeting or Russet "An eastern variety not much cultivated ; fruit large, very round, regular, green- ish-yellow, bronzy, orange russeted; flesh rather tough, fine-grained, juicy, good; season December."
The name Orange Sweet has also been used as a synonym for both Mun- son (p. 146) and Golden Sweet (p. 81).
OSTRAKOFR
REFERENCES, i. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:106. fig. 2. Ib., la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:443. 3. Budd, la. Agr. Coll Bui, 1885:18. 4. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:71. 5. Craig, Ib., 1886-87:103. 6. Budd, Rural N. Y., 47:692. 1888. 7. Ib., la. Agr. Coll Bull, 1890:23. 8. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :246. 9. Budd, la. Spa. Bui., 19 :54O. 1892. 10. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:58. u. Can. Hort., 16:402. 1893. 12. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:583. 1894. 13. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1896:75. 14. Thomas, 1897:648. 15. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1902:84. 16. Hansen, 5". D. Sta. Bui, 76:80. 1902. fig. 17. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:136. 1904.
SYNONYMS. Astravaskoe (12). OSTRAKOFF (7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17). OSTRAKOFF GLASS (n). Ostrakoff Glass (12). OSTREKOFF (3, 5). Ostre- koff's Glass (i, 2). Ostrekovskaya Steklianka (3). OSTREKOWSKAJA STEK-
LIANKA (i, 2). OSTROKOFF (6, 8, 14). OSTROKOFF's GLASS (4). No. 4 M
(4, 5, 6, 7, 9, ii, 13, 15, 16). No. 472 (i, 3).
A Russian variety of good size, greenish-yellow, brisk subacid, fair to good quality. Its keeping qualities vary much in different seasons. As grown at this Station it is commonly in its prime from late September into November but a portion of the fruit may often be kept into the winter in very good condition. It is reported as a promising variety for portions of Northern New England and other regions where superior hardiness is a prime requisite. It is of no value where our common standard varieties succeed.
Historical. Described by Budd in 1885 under the name Ostrakoff 's Glass and in 1890 under the name Ostrakoff (3, 7). It was received in 1884 for testing at this Station from Ellwanger and Barry, Rochester, N. Y., under the name Astravaskoe.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous. Form spreading or roundish, open. Twigs short, curved, stout with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark dark brown tinged with green, heavily streaked with scarf-skin ; pubescent near tips. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, round, raised, rather conspicuous. Buds prominent, large, long, plump, obtuse, free.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium or above, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish to somewhat ovate or oblong, somewhat conical, a little angular. Stem
156 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
characteristically long, often curved, twisted or irregularly enlarged or in- serted under a fleshy protuberance. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, shallow to moderately deep, medium in width to narrow, partly covered with light greenish-russet, often lipped. Calyx closed or open, rather large, leafy; lobes rather broad, acute to obtuse. Basin characteristically irregular, medium in width and depth, abrupt, sharply ridged and wrinkled.
Skin moderately thin, rather tough, smooth, pale waxen-yellow sometimes with a faint reddish shade. Dots very numerous, small, submerged, often areolar.
Calyx tube medium to large, rather wide, conical to peculiarly funnel-form, with broad truncate cylinder. Stamens basal to median.
Core medium size, axile; cells closed or slightly open; core lines meeting. Carpels roundish to broadly ovate, emarginate. Seeds medium brown, large, wide, rather flat, obtuse to acute.
Flesh yellowish-white, firm, rather fine, juicy, brisk subacid, fair to good.
Season late fall and early winter.
PALOUSE.
REFERENCES, i. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1891 1390. 2. Rural N. Y., 50:815. 1891. 3. Hexamer, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1891:159. 4. Williams, Card, and For., 5:11. 1892. 5. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246. 6. Craig, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1896:133. 7. Macoun, Ib.f 1901 :97.
SYNONYMS. None.
Palouse is a comparatively new variety which originated in Wash- ington. In color, texture, flavor and aroma it is so much like Tompkins King that some suppose it to be a seedling of that variety. Its form, however, is quite different from that of Tompkins King, typical fruit being oblong, as described by Craig (6) and others (i, 2), rather than oblate or roundish oblate, as described by Hexamer (3) and Macoun (7). It is hardly as good a keeper as Tompkins King and would probably be classed as a late fall variety, being in season from October to early winter. It is, however, more productive than Tompkins King and is being much planted in com- mercial orchards in Washington where many regard it as one of the most valuable of the seedling varieties which have originated in that region. It appears to be worthy of testing in New York.
Historical. Palouse originated in Whitman county, Washington, from seed brought from Illinois in 1879. The original tree is located five miles east of Colfax1. It was introduced about 1892 by George Ruedy, Colfax, Wash., whose
1 Ruedy, Letter and Circular, 1904.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 157
attention was first called to the variety in 1889 when it took first premium as the best seedling apple exhibited at the Whitman County Fair. It is as yet but little grown in the East and so far as we can learn it has as yet been planted in New York to but a limited extent and for trial only.
FRUIT (2, 3).
Fruit large. Form oblong conic, ribbed or scalloped. Stem long, slender. Cavity remarkably deep. Calyx closed or partly open. Basin rather shallow to deep, distinctly furrowed, the furrows often extending to the cavity.
Skin bright yellow, blushed and more than half covered with crimson, splashed, blotched and dotted with darker red. Prevailing effect attractive red and yellow.
Core large.
Flesh yellowish, crisp, firm, tender, juicy, very aromatic, stibacid, very good.
Season October and early winter.
PARRY WHITE.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1872 125 app. 2. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 1246. 3. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:263. 1895. 4. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:137. 1904.
SYNONYMS. Imperial White (i). PARRY WHITE (i, 2, 3, 4). Superior White (i). White Apple (i).
Fruit pale yellow or whitish, waxen, of medium size ; quite attrac- tive in appearance for an apple of its class. The flesh is white, juicy, subacid, good in quality for either dessert or culinary use. It follows Yellow Transparent in season, beginning to ripen late in August or early in September and continuing in use into or through October (4). The tree comes into bearing young and is an annual cropper, yielding good to very heavy crops. In spite of its remarkable productiveness it makes a pretty good growth. It is worthy of trial where an apple of its type is desired.
Historical. Origin unknown. It is supposed to be a Pennsylvania apple. It is occasionally listed by nurserymen (2). It has not yet become known to any considerable extent in New York.
TREE.
Tree of medium size and moderately vigorous. Form at first upright spreading but after bearing full crops it becomes roundish and somewhat drooping ; dense. Twigs short, curved, stout with large terminal buds ; internodes short. Bark brown tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels quite numerous,
158 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
rather conspicuous, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium to large, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit usually medium but varies according to the abundance of the crop from below medium to rather large; quite uniform in size and shape. Form nearly globular varying to somewhat oblate or slightly inclined to ovate, quite regular. Stem above medium to rather short, slender. Cavity slightly acuminate, medium to shallow, medium in width, smooth, symmetrical. Calyx small, closed; lobes medium in length, narrow, acute. Basin very shallow, moderately narrow to rather broad, obtuse, smooth or slightly wrinkled, symmetrical.
Skin moderately thick, rather tough, waxen yellowish-white or greenish, Occasionally blushed. Dots medium size to very small, pale or brown, numer- ous, depressed.
Calyx tube short, narrow, funnel-shape. Stamens marginal to median.
Core medium to small, abaxile ; cells open ; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels round, emarginate. Seeds medium or above, acute or inclined to obtuse, light brown.
Flesh white, quite firm, rather fine, tender, juicy, subacid, good.
Season very late August into or through October.
PATTEN.
REFERENCES, i. Watrous, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1889:124. 2. Patten, C. G., Descriptive Circular, 1891. 3. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892 :6o. 4. Me. Sta. Rpt., 1892:90. 5. Macoun, Can. Hort., 22:396. 1899. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:19. 7. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1901:98. 8. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:84. 1902. 9. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76:81. 1902. fig. 10. Budd-Hansen, 1903:145. fig. n. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56 :226. 1905.
SYNONYMS. Duchess No. 3 (2, 9, 10). PATTEN (n). Patten's Duchess No. 3 (n). PATTEN GREENING (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). Patten Greening (n). PATTEN Greening (10).
A seedling of Oldenburg which, on account of its hardiness, pro- ductiveness and the uniformly large size of its fruit is valuable in the northern portions of the apple-growing regions of the country (i, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10). It is grown as far north as the Red River valley of Minnesota and North Dakota and in other regions where the winters are correspondingly severe. It is attractive in color for a green apple, has a sprightly subacid flavor and good texture and is very good in quality for culinary use. The tree is a somewhat stronger grower than Oldenburg, with limbs strongly shouldered (2, 9, 10). As grown at this Station it comes into bearing mod- erately young and is an annual cropper, yielding moderate to full crops. It is worthy of trial in the colder regions of the state.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 159
Historical Originated by C. G. Patten, Charles City, la. (2), who states that it is a seedling of the Oldenburg from seed grown near Portage, Wis., and planted by him at Charles City, la., in the fall of 1869. It was first illustrated and described in the catalogue of the originator in the autumn of 1885 when stock of this variety was first offered for sale. In 1899 it was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society as a valuable variety for the Upper Mississippi valley (6). It has as yet been but little disseminated in New York.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with moderately long, somewhat stout, curved, drooping branches. Form spreading, dense, flat. Twigs rather short, some- what curved, moderately stout or rather slender ; internodes medium to long. Bark brownish-red with some olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, roundish, sometimes raised. Buds medium size, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form oblate or roundish oblate, sometimes inclined to conic, usually regular, pretty symmetrical. Stem very short to medium in length, moderately thick. Cavity acuminate, deep or sometimes medium in depth, rather broad or compressed, russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx large or very large, closed or somewhat open. Basin deep to medium in depth, medium in width, often abrupt, usually smooth and symmetrical.
Skin moderately thin, tough, smooth, clear pale greenish-yellow, some- times blushed and occasionally faintly striped. Dots small, numerous, pale and submerged or brownish.
Calyx cube conical to funnel-shape. Stamens median to basal.
Core below medium to small, axile or somewhat abaxile ; cells sometimes unsymmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish, irregular. Seeds dark brown, medium or above, plump, obtuse.
Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately firm, a little coarse, rather tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, good in quality especially for culinary purposes.
Season October to January.
PEACH (MONTREAL).
REFERENCES, i. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:7. 2. Raynes, Ib., 1879:26. 3. Budd, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880:524. 4. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881:178. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1883:12. 6. Thomas, 1885:520. 7. Mon- treal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1885:99. 8. Ib., 1886-87:92. 9. Burnet, Can. Hort., 12:339. 1889. 10. Hamilton, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 15:26. 1890. ii. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246. 12. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:133. 13. Hoskins, Am. Card., 15:272. 1894. 14. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76:82. 1902. 15. Budd-Hansen, 1903:147.
SYNONYMS. Canada Peach (14). Montreal Peach (3, 14). PEACH (3, ii, 14). PEACH APPLE of Montreal (13). PEACH OF MONTREAL (i, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). PEACH of Montreal (2, 10, 12, 15). Pomme Peche (i).
160 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Fruit predominantly yellow with some red; in form it somewhat re- sembles Porter being oval or conical. It is salable in local markets but being easily bruised it does not stand transportation well (2, 3, 6, 13). The tree is hardy, thrifty and very productive.
According to Hoskins it is a very popular fall apple all through Northern New England and Eastern Canada. It has long been the leading market apple of its season, September, in Montreal and the surrounding territory on both sides of the line. Its season does not extend far into October except by extra care but it forms a very good successor to the Yellow Transparent which it resembles except for its blushed cheek (13).
This variety is but little known in New York. It cannot be expected to displace Oldenburg which is of the same season, more productive (10) and much better known.
Historical Some writers state that this is a variety of French origin (i) but Hoskins considers this doubtful. He states : " Some of its characters would indicate it to be a Russian apple which has reached Canada via France, but this is only a conjecture" (13).
PEACH POND.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1845:91. 2. Thomas, 1849:145. fig. 3. Em- mons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:36. 1851. 4. Elliott, 1854:151. fig. 5. Hooper, 1857 :68. 6. Warder, 1867 -.476. fig. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1871 :8. 8. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246. 10. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45 :335- 1896.
SYNONYMS. PEACH POND (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). PEACH-POND SWEET (i, 2). PEACH POUND SWEET (10).
A beautiful autumn sweet apple of excellent quality in season from Sep- tember to November. The tree is vigorous and spreading. It originated in Dutchess county, N. Y. (i). It was entered in the Catalogue of the American Pomological Society in 1871 and dropped in 1899. Although it has long been in cultivation it has failed to establish itself as a commercial variety in New York and is comparatively little grown for home use.
FRUIT (i, 6).
Fruit medium to small. Form slightly conic, rather flat, angular and a little one-sided. Stem medium to long, slender, green, sometimes knobbed. Cavity acute, deep, regular, brown. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow, regular, wrinkled.
Skin smooth, pale yellow lightly covered with mixed striped red and beautifully splashed with crimson.
Flesh yellowish, very mellow, fine-grained, moderately juicy, rich, sweet, agreeable, very good or almost best.
Season September to November.
PEASE WALTER
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 161
PEARSALL.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1869:300. 2. Thomas, 1875:508. SYNONYMS. PEARSALL' s SWEET (i, 2).
This variety is supposed to have originated in Queens county, N. Y. Ac- cording to Downing the fruit is a good keeper and valuable for baking. The tree upright spreading, quite productive. Fruit rather large, yellow, partly covered with light red. Flesh moderately juicy, sweet, good. Season Novem- ber to January (i).
PEASE.
REFERENCES, i. Rural N. Y., 54:776. 1895. % 2. Heiges, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1895:36. 3. Rural N. Y., 56:222. 1897. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899: 19. 5. Rural N. Y., 61:249. 1902. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903:147. 7. J. W. Adams and Co., Springfield, Mass., Cat.
SYNONYMS. PEASE, Walter (4, 6). WALTER PEASE (i, 2, 3, 5, 7).
A pleasant-flavored apple of good size, attractive appearance and excellent dessert quality, but too mild in flavor to excel for culinary uses. The fruit being rather tender requires careful handling and on this account is better adapted for local than for distant markets. It is worthy of the attention of New York fruit growers where a dessert apple of this type is desired. The crop ripens unevenly. The earliest fruit comes in season the latter part of September or early in October, while a considerable portion of the later ripening fruit may remain sound till midwinter or later. Sometimes there is considerable loss from premature dropping of the fruit during September wind storms. The tree is a good grower, hardy, comes into bearing moderately young and is a pretty reliable cropper, alternating light with heavier crops.
Historical. Originated in the seedling orchard of Walter Pease, Somers, Conn., in the early part of the last century (3). It was at first propagated by the Shakers near the place of its origin and there came to be recognized locally as a valuable variety. Within recent years it has been propagated to a considerable extent by nurserymen and is being more widely dissemi- nated.
TREE.
Tree rather large, moderately vigorous to vigorous. Form upright to roundish. Twigs moderately long, a little curved, stout; internodes medium to short. Bark clear brownish-red, heavily coated with scarf-skin; pubes- cent. Lenticels scattering, below medium to above medium, roundish, slightly
162 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
raised. Buds below medium to above, broad, plump, rather obtuse, free or nearly so, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit large or above medium, somewhat variable in size and shape. Form flattened at base, varying from oblate to roundish oblong and often inclined to conic; sides often unequal. Stem below medium to long, slender. Cavity obtuse to acute, moderately deep to deep, broad, sometimes lipped, often somewhat russeted. Calyx usually medium to large, closed or nearly so; lobes leafy. Basin moderately deep or sometimes shallow, rather narrow, abrupt, often compressed or furrowed, wrinkled.
Skin thin, tough, smooth, somewhat glossy, with pale green or yellowish ground color which in highly colored specimens is largely covered with bright red, striped with bright carmine and flecked with whitish scarf-skin. Dots numerous, often submerged, whitish or russet, sometimes areolar. Prevailing effect greenish-yellow more or less striped with red.
Calyx tube small, conical.
Core small to medium, axile; cells partly open or sometimes closed; core lines meeting. Carpels small, roundish, somewhat tufted. Seeds rather large, narrow, long, somewhat tufted, dark; often some are abortive.
Flesh whitish, slightly tinged with yellow, firm, rather fine, crisp, tender, juicy, aromatic, sprightly, mild pleasant subacid, good to very good for dessert.
Season October to midwinter.
PEASGOOD NONSUCH.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1881:100 app. 2. Hogg, 1884:170. 3. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 -.246. 4. Can. Hort., 15 -.346. 1892. 5. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hart. Soc., 1898:356.
SYNONYMS. PEASGOOD'S NONESUCH (i, 2, 5). PEASGOOD NONSUCH (3, 4).
An English culinary apple, very large, green or yellowish, blushed and striped with red, excellent for culinary use. In season during September and October (i). In England it is regarded as one of the valuable varieties introduced in the last fifty years (-2, 5). It has been but little tested in this country.
PERRY REDSTREAK.
REFERENCES, i. Horticulturist, 24:157. 1869. 2. Downing, 1876:63 app. 3. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56:230. 1905.
SYNONYMS. PERRY REDSTREAK (3). PERRY RED STREAK (i, 2). Perry Red Streak (3).
A November apple of medium size and mild flavor. It originated at Low- ville, N. Y., with Dr. David Perry (i). The tree is hardy, vigorous and a reliable cropper alternating heavy with lighter crops. The fruit is of me- dium sizCj yellow, shaded^ striped and splashed with light and dark red; flesh whitish, fine, tender, juicy, slightly aromatic, mild subacid (2).
This variety is unknown to us and we have received no report concerning it from any of our correspondents.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 163
PETER.
REFERENCES, i. Iowa Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886:180. 2. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 7 150, 90. 1888. 3. Bailey, An. Hort,, 1892 1246. 4. Beach, N. Y. Sia. An. Rpt., 12:601. 1893. 5. Heiges, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1895:31. 6. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1896:75- 7- Beach, W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 41:52. 1896. 8. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:19. 9. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76:84. 1902. 10. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:84, 95- 1902. n. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui, 205:46. 1903. 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903:149. 13. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui., 48:52. 1903. 14. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui.,
248:137- 1904-
SYNONYMS. None.
This fruit resembles its parent Wealthy so closely that it is very difficult to distinguish between the two. It is similar to Wealthy in season as well as in the appearance and quality of the fruit. In ordinary storage its com- mercial season is September and October (14). In cold storage it extends to about January I (13). Sometimes a portion of the fruit may keep into or through the winter (14). Hansen states that even if really distinct the two varieties are now mixed to a considerable extent. As fruited at this Station the flesh of Peter is not so white as that of Wealthy but some- what milder and better in quality (4). It has been found that the seeds of Peter are larger, broader, less pointed and a little darker than those of Wealthy. The tree is a moderate grower, comes into bearing young and yields full crops biennially. The fruit does not ripen uniformly and on this account there is apt to be some loss from drops unless more than one picking is made.
Historical. Originated from seed of Wealthy by Peter M. Gideon, Excel- sior, Minn, (i), from whom this variety was received in 1888 for testing at this Station.
TREE.
Tree a fairly strong grower in the nursery ; in the orchard it makes a moderately vigorous growth and eventually becomes rather large with moderately stout, somewhat drooping branches. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs short, straight, slender, with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark brown tinged with red, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, oval, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
%
Fruit medium or above, uniform in size and shape. Form oblate or round- ish oblate, a little inclined to conic, regular. Stem long to medium, some- times short, slender. Cavity acuminate, deep, medium to rather broad, com- pressed, lightly russeted or nearly smooth. Calyx small, closed; lobes me- dium in length, rather broad, acute. Basin deep to moderately deep, narrow to medium in width, abrupt, gently furrowed, sometimes compressed.
Skin thin, moderately tough, nearly smooth, clear pale yellow washed and mottled with bright red conspicuously striped and splashed with deep car- mine. Highly colored specimens are nearly covered with deep red. Dots
164 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
medium size, scattering, brown, mingled with some that are whitish and submerged. Prevailing effect red or striped red.
Calyx tube small, funnel-shape. Stamens median to marginal.
Core medium to below, usually axile; cells symmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish, emarginate. Seeds above me- dium to large, moderately wide, long, flat, moderately acute.
Flesh slightly tinged with yellow, sometimes stained with red, firm, me- dium-grained, tender, juicy, with a pleasant, mild subacid, somewhat aro- matic flavor, good to very good.
Season September and October or later (14).
PLUMB ODER.
REFERENCES, i. Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1869 (cited by 2). 2. Horticul- turist, 27:310. 1872. 3. Ib., 28:119. 1873. 4- Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 5. Williams, Horticulturist, 29:16. 1874. fig- 6. Downing, 1876:65 app. 7. Budd, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:472. 8. Barry, 1883:352. 9. Thomas, 1885:520. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246. n. Rural N. Y., 53:794. 1894. 12. Alwood, Fa. Sta. Bui, 130:124. 1901. 13. Hansen, 5". D. Sta. Bui, 76: 35. 1902. fig. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903:151. fig. 15. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:138. 1904.
SYNONYMS. PLUMB CIDER (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15). PLUM CIDER (10, n).
This variety has been received with some favor in many parts of the country on account of its hardiness and productiveness. The fruit is of good medium size, fairly attractive in color, yellowish shaded and splashed with red. As grown in New York state it is inferior to standard varieties of its season.
Historical Origin unknown. It was brought from Ohio in 1844 to Wis- consin by Mr. Plumb, where it proved to be a good grower, hardy and pro- ductive (5).
FRUIT (5, 13, 14).
Fruit above medium. Form round-ovate, slightly conic in some specimens. Stem stout, short. Cavity shallow, narrow. Calyx very small, closed. Basin very narrow and shallow, slightly plaited.
Skin yellowish shaded with pale red and somewhat striped with brighter red. Dots few, fine, gray.
Calyx tube long, very narrow, funnel-form. Stamens extremely marginal touching the segments, a marked characteristic.
Core little above medium; cells open; core lines clasping. Carpels cordate. Seeds pale brown, short, plump, pointed.
Flesh of a greenish cast, firm, fine, breaking, juicy, brisk subacid, good.
Season October to January.
POMONA.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1869:135. 2. Leroy, 1873:248. fig. 3. Hogg, 1884:55. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:237. 5. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13: 579. 1894. 6. Ib., Card, and For., 8:428. 1895. 7. Ib., Can. Hort., 20:
POMONA (Reduced Size)
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 165
183. 1897. 8. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:356. 9. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:139. 1904.
SYNONYMS. Cox's POMONA (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Cox's Pomona (9). Dean's Codlin (2). POMONA (9).
Fruit frequently large and when highly colored rather attractive, being mottled and striped with crimson over a clear pale yellow ground color. The fruit is not very uniform in size, often unsym- metrical, tender, easily bruised and not a very good keeper. In ordinary storage its commercial limit is October (9). The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing young and is an annual cropper, or nearly so, but only moderately productive. It is not recom- mended for commercial planting in New York.
Historical. Originated by Mr. Cox, Colnbrook Lawn near Slough, Bucks, England, who also originated Cox Orange (3).
TREE.
Tree medium size, moderately vigorous with branches moderately stout, spreading and often drooping. Form roundish. Twigs straight, stocky, long; internodes medium. Bark rather bright reddish-brown mingled with olive- green, thinly overlaid with narrow streaks of gray scarf-skin. Lenticels rather numerous, conspicuous, medium to sometimes large, roundish or sometimes elongated. Buds medium to large, broad, obtuse, appressed, some- what pubescent. Leaves rather large, broad, dark green; base of petioles red.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to very large, fairly uniform in size but not in shape. Form oblate conic, very irregular, ribbed; sides usually unequal. Stem usually short, moderately thick. Cavity large, acuminate to acute, deep, broad, rather symmetrical or sometimes compressed, irregularly russeted. Calyx medium size, open or nearly closed; lobes separated at base, short, rather broad, obtuse to acute, reflexed. Basin deep, medium in width to rather wide, abrupt, smooth or ridged, slightly wrinkled.
Skin thin, rather tender, waxy, smooth, greenish-yellow or pale yellow partly blushed with crimson, and mottled and narrowly striped with car- mine. Dots scattering, small, inconspicuous, usually whitish and submerged, sometimes gray or russet.
Calyx tube wide, conical, sometimes extending to the core. Stamens me- dian to nearly marginal.
Core medium to small, somewhat abaxile ; cells open or closed, symmetri- cal ; core lines clasping. Carpels ovate to broadly roundish or elliptical, emarginate. Seeds medium to small, wide, short, very plump, flat, obtuse, dark brown.
Flesh whitish, not very firm, rather fine, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, sprightly, good to very good for culinary use.
Season September and October.
i66 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
PORTER.
REFERENCES, i. Kenrick, 1832:27. 2. Mag. Hort., 1:363., 1835. 3- Man- ning, 1838:51. 4 Ib., Mag. Hort., 7:48. 1841. 5. Downing, 1845:92. fig. 6. Floy-Lindley, 1846:411 app. 7. Horticulturist, 1:196, 256. 1846. 8. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:116. 1848. fig. 9. Cole, 184^:107. fig. 10. Thomas, 1849:157. fig. ii. Waring, 1851:28. 12. Barry, 1851:285. 13. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:37. 1851. col pi No. 27 and fig. 14. Hovey, 1:43. 1851. col. pi and fig. 15. Horticulturist, 7:217. 1852. 16. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 17. Elliott, 1854:98. 18. Hooper, 1857:71. 19. Gregg, 1857:47. fig. 20. Warder, 1867:673. fig. 21. Fitz, 1872:153, 162. 22. Leroy, 1873: 580. fig. 23. Downing, 1881:11, 12 index, app. 24. Rural N. Y., 47:713. 1888. 25. Wickson, 1889:243. 26. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 27. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246. 28. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45:336. 1896. 29. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:303. 1901. 30. Budd- Hansen, 1903:152. fig.
SYNONYMS. Jennings (23). PORTER (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30). Yellow Sum- mer Pearmain (23). •
This fruit is of very fine dessert quality. It is also highly esteemed for canning and other culinary uses, because when it is cooked it is not only excellent in quality but it retains its form remarkably well. The fruit is yellow, faintly marked with red, decidedly attractive for an apple of its class. It does not stand shipping very well because the skin is rather tender and readily shows marks of handling. Since it is quite variable in its season of ripening there is apt to be considerable loss from dropping unless more than one picking is made. It varies in size from large to small, with a considerable percentage of the crop undersized or otherwise unmarketable. The tree is vigorous, compact, hardy, comes into bearing early and is a pretty reliable biennial cropper. Fifty years ago it was the principal September apple in the Boston market (i, 3, 5, 9, 18, 19), and in spite of the fact that it is not red it continues to sell well in that market (29). It is also in good demand in many local markets. It is desirable for planting for home use or for some local markets, but generally it is not regarded as a profitable commercial variety by New York fruit growers.
Historical Originated about 1800 with Rev. Samuel Porter, Sherburne, Mass, (i, 3, 5, 14), and up to about 1850 its cultivation was confined prin- cipally to the vicinity of its origin. It gradually became very widely known and has become well disseminated in many of the more important apple- growing regions of the country. Old trees of it are occasionally found in New York orchards but it is now seldom planted here.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 167
TREE.
Tree medium to large, vigorous. Form roundish or somewhat spreading. Twigs rather slender, very short- jointed, with prominent shoulders (14). Buds medium in size.
FRUIT.
Fruit small to large, usually rather large. Form oblong inclined to conic, rather truncate at base and with apex oblique and somewhat ribbed. Stem medium to rather short, moderately thick to slender, sometimes knobbed, curved. Cavity acute to acuminate, medium to deep, medium in width to rather narrow, symmetrical or compressed, sometimes lipped, usually faintly russeted. Calyx rather large, closed or partly open ; lobes usually separated at base, short, rather narrow, broadly acute. Basin moderately deep to shallow, rather narrow, abrupt, broadly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin moderately thin, smooth, rather glossy, clear bright yellow with a faint blush, usually rather obscurely striped with darker red marked with scattering red dots. Dots usually medium to very small, often submerged, green with whitish center, sometimes russet.
Calyx tube rather short, wide, broadly conical. Stamens median to basal.
Core medium to large, axile to somewhat abaxile ; cells partly open to wide open ; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels broadly ovate to elliptical, mucronate. Seeds below medium to rather large, plump, rounded, acute.
Flesh yellow, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, agreeably aromatic, sprightly, good to very good for either dessert or culinary uses.
Season. It begins to ripen in September and continues in use till Novem- ber or later.
POUND SWEET.
REFERENCE, i. Downing, 1869:311.
SYNONYMS. None.
This name has been applied to several varieties of large sweet apples. Downing mentions one which is large, roundish conic, greenish-yellow with slight red in sun; flesh yellowish, tender, moderately juicy, sweet; season September and October; and another which is large, roundish, red; flesh whitish, moderately juicy, aromatic, sweet (i). Others are described by other authors and some which are known locally by this name have perhaps never been described in any publication.
The variety most commonly known in Central and Western New York under the name Pound Sweet is large, globular, marbled with yellow and green and streaked with whitish scarf-skin. It is described under its correct name Pumpkin Sweet on page 171-
PRIMATE.
REFERENCES, i. Cowles, Mag. Hort., 16:450. 1850. fig. 2. Ib., 17:506. 2851. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1854. 4. Mag. Hort., 20:241. 1854. 5. El- liott, 1854:153. fig. 6. Mag. Hort., 21:62. 1855. 7. Gregg, 1857:38. 8. Downing, 1857:93. fig. 9. Horticulturist, 14:471. 1859. 10. Mag. Hort.,
i68 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
27:69. 1861. ii. Horticulturist, 17:103, 150. 1862. 12. Mag. Hort., 32:17. 1866. 13. Warder, 1867:643. fig. 14. Downing, 1869:313. 15. Fitz, 1872: 161. 16. Thomas, 1875:196. 17. Downing, 1881:11, 12 index, app. 18. Barry, 1883:334. 19. Rural N. Y., 47:649. 1888. 20. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 21. Blackwell, Rural N. Y., 50:447. 1891. 22. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :247. 23. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53 :248. 1894. 24. Can. Hort., 17:252. 1894. 25- Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 8:9. 1901. figs. 26. Budd-Hansen, 1903:153. fig. 27. Rural N. Y., 62:740. 1903.
SYNONYMS. Belle Rose (17). Early Baldivin (17). Early Tart Harvest (14). Harvest (2). Highland Pippin (17). July Apple (14). NORTH AMERICAN BEST (9). North American Best (14). Powers (2, 14). PRI- MATE (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27). ROUGH AND READY (i). Rough and Ready (2, 5, 7, 8, 14). Scott (14). Sour Harvest (9, 14). Zour Bough (9, 14).
A dessert apple, pale yellow or whitish, often slightly blushed; in season in August and September. It is well known throughout the state, but not much grown except for home use. It is com- monly considered the best apple of its season for the home orchard because the tree is a pretty good grower and a reliable cropper, and the fruit ripens in succession during a period of several weeks and is of fine flavor and excellent quality particularly for dessert use. Being less attractive than a red apple it is in demand in market only where its fine quality is known. The fruit ripens unevenly and it should be picked from time to time as it matures to prevent loss from the dropping of the fruit. In some localities the tree has proved somewhat tender, not very long-lived and rather susceptible to the attacks of the apple canker, but, generally speaking, as grown throughout Central and Western New York, particularly where it has been topworked upon good thrifty stock, the tree is a pretty good grower, moderately long-lived and reliably productive. Often it yields very heavy crops biennially with lighter crops, or none, on alternate years, but in some localities it is almost an annual bearer.
Historical. This variety was disseminated by traveling grafters in Cen- tral and Western New York as much as fifty years ago. In 1850, Charles P. Cowles of Syracuse in a communication to the Magazine of Horticulture stated: "As it is not known in this place, nor state, by the best judges, I safely think it is a seedling. I found a few trees in Onondaga county in a town of the same name which had been circulated by grafts but nothing further could be traced of its origin. * * * I propose to call it 'Rough
PRIMATE
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 169
and Ready' from the fact of its being first tested during that campaign.
* * * Messrs. Downing, Barry and Thomas think it a new variety.
* * * It is but little known as yet but where it is its qualities are much esteemed " ( i ) . The following year Mr. A. Fahnstock, a nurseryman of Syracuse, showed that this variety had been disseminated in Ontario and Monroe counties as well as in Onondaga county and that it was generally known by the name of Primate. Recently John T. Roberts of Syracuse has taken the trouble to look up the history of this variety and is convinced that the original seedling tree grew in the town of Camillus, Onondaga county, and through his efforts a bronze tablet has been erected to mark the spot. The tablet bears the following inscription : " On this farm Calvin D. Bingham about 1840 produced the marvelous Primate apple, named by Charles P. Cowles. God's earth is full of love to man" (27). In 1854 it was listed by the American Pomological Society (3) as a valuable variety. It is listed by various nurserymen in the region from the Atlantic to the Middle West but apparently is but little known either in the Southwest or the North- west (22).
TREE.
Tree below medium to rather large, usually moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading to roundish, rather dense. Twigs short, straight, stout with large terminal buds; internocles short. Bark dull brown mingled with green, heavily streaked with scarf-skin, pubescent and rather rough. Lenti- cels scattering, medium size, oblong, raised. Buds prominent, large, broad, plump, acute, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium or above, sometimes large. Form roundish conic to oblate conic, often distinctly ribbed. Stem short to medium, thick. Cavity acute, deep, broad, distinctly furrowed. Calyx medium size, closed; lobes long, narrow. Basin moderately shallow to rather deep, medium in width to rather narrow, abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thin, moderately tender, smooth, light green, often changing to whit- ish, sometimes with faint yellowish tinge, often slightly blushed but not striped. Dots scattering, numerous, rather small, submerged or russet.
Calyx tube rather large, rather long, broadly conical to somewhat funnel- shape. Stamens median. Core medium to large, nearly axile to somewhat abaxile with hollow cylinder in the axis ; cells symmetrical, open ; core lines clasping. Carpels cordate. Seeds medium to rather large, moderately wide, plump, acute.
Flesh whitish, fine, crisp, very tender, juicy, subacid, aromatic, sprightly, very good to best.
Season August and September.
PROLIFIC SWEETING.
REFERENCES, i. Webster, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881 154. 2. Gibb, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:439- 3- Ib., Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:46. 4. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1888:571. fig. 5. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 47:646. 1888. 6. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 7:91. 1888. 7. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:247. 8. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:254. 1895. 9. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt.,
170 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
1896:71. 10. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:304. 1901. n. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1902:84, 86, 88. 12. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui., 76:88. 1902. fig. 13. Budd-Hansen, 1903:154.
SYNONYMS. No. 351 (3, 4, 12). PLODOWITKA CUADKAJA (i). Plodowitka Cuadkaja (3). PLODOWITKA CAUDKAJA (2). PROLIFIC SWEET (10). Prolific Siveet (i). PROLIFIC SWEETING (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, n, 12, 13). Prolific Sweet- ing (2).
A Russian variety which in size and color resembles Yellow Transparent but in form is roundish oblate and somewhat irregular. It has proved to be a valuable sweet apple for autumn use in Northern New England (5, n, 12, 13). Worthy of trial in Northern New York when a variety of this class is desired.
Historical. Imported from Russia by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1870. It was received for testing at this Station from Dr. T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vt., in 1888 (6). It has thus far been but little disseminated in this state.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs long, curved, stout; internodes short. Bark brown, tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, flat, obtuse, ap- pressed, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium or above. Form roundish oblate, somewhat irregular. Stem medium size. Cavity deep, acute to acuminate, ribbed, russeted and with some outspreading russet rays. Calyx closed. Basin shallow, wide, wrinkled.
Flesh white, crisp, fine-grained, mildly sweet, good.
Season late August, September and October.
PUMPKIN RUSSET.
REFERENCES, i. Kenrick, 1832 :37. 2. Mag. Hort., i :363. 1835. 3. Down- ing, 1845:93. 4. Thomas, 1849:146. 5. Cole, 1849:115. 6. Elliott, 1854: 152. 7. Hooper, 1857:73. 8. Warder, 1867:566. 9. Downing, 1881:11 index, app. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:247. n. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui., 48:53. 1903. 12. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:139. 1904.
SYNONYMS. Flint Russet (3, 6). Kingsbury Russet (9). PUMPKIN RUSSET (3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12). Pumpkin Russet (5). PUMPKIN SWEET (5). Pumpkin Sweet (3). PUMPKIN SWEETING (2). PUMPKIN SWEETING of New England (i). Sweet Russet (3, 4, 6). York Russet (6).
This is a very large, round, yellowish-russet apple, sweet, rich, very good for baking but of little value for other purposes. The tree is a vigorous, rapid grower, hardy, moderately long-lived and yields fair to good crops biennially or in some cases almost annually. It is not a profitable commer- cial variety and is now seldom cultivated even for home use.
Historical. Pumpkin Russet is an old New England variety. Kenrick (i) in 1832 described it under the name Pumpkin Sweeting of New Eng-
G
PUMPKIN RUSSET
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 171
land. In 1849 Cole (5) described it under the name Pumpkin Sweet giving Pumpkin Russet as a synonym. In 1845 it was described by Downing (3) under the name Pumpkin Russet which is the name now generally accepted for it by pomologists. It is still occasionally listed by nurserymen but is now seldom planted in New York.
TREE.
Tree large, vigorous or very vigorous, at first upright but eventually be- coming roundish or spreading, open; branches long, stout, curved. Twigs short, curved, stout ; internodes long. Bark dark reddish-brown tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, oblong, slightly raised. Buds large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit large, fairly uniform in size and shape. Form oblate or somewhat inclined to conic, sometimes irregular, faintly ribbed, often compressed. Stem medium to short, moderately slender to thick. Cavity acute to acuminate, usually deep, moderately broad to rather narrow, nearly smooth, sometimes slightly furrowed. Calyx large, closed or slightly open; lobes long, narrow, acute to acuminate. Basin small to medium, rather shallow to moderately deep, medium in width, somewhat abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thick, rather tough, greenish or yellowish sometimes with bronze blush on exposed cheek, more or less covered with russet patches or netted veins of russet. Dots large and small, scattering, usually russet, irregular.
Calyx tube short, wide, broadly conical to nearly urnshape. Stamens median to basal.
Core above medium to below, abaxile ; cells usually open, symmetrical but not uniformly developed; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels broadly ovate, very slightly emarginate, sometimes tufted. Seeds moderately light brown, rather large, wide, flat, acute.
Flesh greenish- white or yellowish, firm, rather coarse, tender, juicy, sweet, good.
Season September and October or in cold storage extending to January I (12).
PUMPKIN SWEET.
REFERENCES, i. N. E. Farmer, 1834 (cited by 20). 2. Downing, 1845:89. fig. 3. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:48. 1851. 4. Mag. Hort., 20:241. 1854. 5. Elliott, 1854:152. 6. Hooper, 1857:56. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 8. Horticulturist, 17:150. 1862. 9. Warder, 1867:527. 10. Barry, 1883:339. ii. Thomas, 1885:216.' 12. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 13. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:247. 14. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:133. 15. Mil- ler, Rural N. Y., 53:278. 1894. 16. Taylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1895:198. 17. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui., 48:53. 1903. 18. Budd-Hansen, I903:i55- fig- iQ- Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:139. 1904. 20. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56 :244. 1905.
SYNONYMS. Lyman's Large Yellow (20). LYMAN'S PUMPKIN SWEET (2, 3, 6, 9, 10, ii ). Lyman's Pumpkin Sweet (5, 14, 17, 19, 20). Pound
172 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Sweet (9, n, 12, 14, 17, 18, 19). PUMPKIN SWEET (i, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20). Pumpkin Sweet (10, n). Pumpkin Sweeting (20). Rhode Island Sweet (20). Round Sweet (20). Sweet Lyman's Pumpkin (20). Vermont Pumpkin Sweet (10, 20). Vermont Sweet (20). (5, 20).
Fruit large to very large, marbled with light and dark green and streaked over the base with whitish scarf-skin ; well colored specimens eventually become quite yellow and sometimes are faintly bronzed on the exposed cheek. It is never marked with red, nor is it russeted except about the cavity. So far as we know all other varieties which have been cultivated under the name Pumpkin Sweet are either russeted or marked with red.
This is the variety generally known in Central and Western New York as Pound Sweet, and it commonly appears under this name in market quotations. By many it is esteemed as one of the best sweet apples of its season for baking and for canning or stewing with quinces, but generally it is not valued for dessert because it is rather coarse and has a peculiar flavor. It often sells well in local or special markets, and there is a limited demand for it in the gen- eral trade. Its keeping qualities differ greatly in different locali- ties and in different seasons. As grown in Western New York it comes in season early in October. The rate of loss in ordinary storage is usually high during the fall, and the season closes in December or early January, although in some years a considerable portion of the fruit may remain sound till midwinter or later (19).
The tree is a good strong grower, rather long-lived, fairly hardy and generally healthy, but it sometimes suffers from winter injury, sunscald and canker. It appears to thrive particularly well on well fertilized gravelly or sandy loam, with well drained subsoil. Under right conditions it is a pretty reliable cropper, yielding good crops biennially. The crop ripens somewhat unevenly and often there is a considerable loss from water-cored fruit and from wind- falls, but on the other hand there is a small percentage of loss in undersized or deformed apples. In order to lessen the loss from windfalls it is well to plant this variety in a location that is shel- tered from prevailing winds.
/ *
4 1
r
"' I _
PUMPKIN SWEET
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 173
Historical Originated in the orchard of S. Lyman, Manchester, Conn. (9). It has been distributed throughout this state for more than fifty years, but nowhere has it been largely planted. Generally speaking it is not grown so extensively now as it was formerly, but in a few localities its cultivation for commercial purposes is increasing somewhat.
TREE.
Tree medium to large, vigorous, with long, moderately stout branches. Form upright spreading or roundish, open. Twigs medium to short, straight or nearly so, stout to moderately slender; internodes short to medium. Bark reddish olive-green varying to brownish-red, uniformly mottled with thin scarf-skin, pubescent. Lenticels scattering, rather inconspicuous, small, roundish, not raised. Buds medium or below, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit large to very large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form globular to roundish conic, sometimes irregularly elliptical or prominently ribbed. Stem very short, stout, often inserted under a lip or having itself a fleshy protuberance. Cavity acuminate, moderately shallow to rather deep, narrow to moderately wide, often somewhat furrowed or lipped, sometimes russeted and with outspreading russet. Calyx medium to rather large, open; lobes often separated at the base, short, broad, acute. Basin small to medium in size, moderately shallow to rather deep, narrow to moderately wide, abrupt to somewhat obtuse, often slightly furrowed or wrinkled.
Skin rather thin, tough, smooth, at first green but eventually clear yellow marbled with greenish-yellow,. Stripes of whitish scarf-skin radiate from the cavity. Well colored specimens occasionally show a brownish-red blush but never a distinct red color. Dots conspicuous, whitish, often areolar with russet center.
Calyx tube rather wide, conical or elongated cone-shape or sometimes slightly funnel-form. Stamens median to .basal.
Core medium to rather large, axile ; cells symmetrical, closed or somewhat open, not uniformly developed; core lines clasping. Carpels thin, broadly roundish, but slightly emarginate if at all, often tufted: Seeds medium to rather small, wide, plump, acute, light brown, tufted.
Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, medium in texture, crispness and juiciness, decidedly sweet with a peculiar flavor; good for culinary use and especially esteemed for baking.
Season October to January.
MCCARTY is identical with Pumpkin Sweet in general charac- ters and is sold as Pumpkin Sweet, but it appears to differ enough from the type in certain characteristics to entitle it to recognition as a distinct strain. As compared with typical Pumpkin Sweet the fruit of McCarty averages smaller, is not so yellow and keeps longer. B. J. Case, Sodus, N. Y., who grows McCarty commer-
174 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
cially, reports : " The tree does not produce any water-cored fruit except when the crop is light. It appears to be fully as productive as Pumpkin Sweet. In common storage it is not unusual to keep McCarty later than January. In quality it is not so good as Pump- kin Sweet. The origin of this type is unknown."
(I) QUINCE (/»/ Cole),
REFERENCES. I. Cole, 1849:99. fig. 2. Downing, 1857:130. 3. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 27:71. 1861. fig. 4. Am. Pom. Sac. Rpt., 1862. 5. Warder, 1867:645. fig. 6. Downing, 1869:319. 7. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bui, 143:201. 1897. 8. Budd-Hansen, 1903:156. fig. 9. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48 :53. 1903. 10. Ragan, Ib., 56 :246. 1905.
SYNONYMS. COLE'S QUINCE (i, 2, 4). Cole's Quince (3, 5, 6, 10). QUINCE (3, 5, 6). QUINCE (Cole) (10). QUINCE Cole (7, 8, 9). Turn Off Lane (10).
This is a very good variety for home use and is considered by some New York fruit growers fairly profitable in commercial orchards. The fruit is large, angular, yellow with white aromatic subacid flesh of very good quality ; in season in late summer and early autumn. Commercial limit in cold storage, November i (9). The tree is of good medium size, spreading, a good grower, very hardy, comes into bearing moderately young, and is a reliable cropper. It is not extensively cultivated in New York.
Historical. Originated at Cornish, Me., from whence it was disseminated about fifty years ago (i).
FRUIT.
Fruit. Cole gave the following description of this fruit in 1849 (i) : " Fruit large to very large ; flattish-com'cal ; ribbed ; bright yellow, seldom a brown cheek, stem short, in a deep cavity; calyx large, in a deep basin; flesh when first ripe, firm, juicy, pleasant acid, and first-rate for cooking. When very mellow, remarkably tender, of a mLd, rich, high quince flavor and aroma. When in perfection we have never seen its superior. July to September."
(II) QUINCE (of Coxe).
REFERENCES, i. M'Mahon, Am. Card. Cal., 1806:585. 2. Coxe, 1817:138. fig. 3. Thacher, 1822:132. 4. Cole, 1849:115. 5. Thomas, 1849:158. 6. Downing, 1857:181. 7. Horticulturist, 23:146. 1868. fig. 8. Downing, 1869:319. 9. Fitz, 1872:153. 10. Downing, 1872:10 index, app. n. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56 =246. 1905.
SYNONYMS. Pear Apple (8, n). QUINCE (i, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10). Quince Apple (n). QUINCE (Coxe) (n). QUINCE OF COXE (4, 7). Quince of Coxe (n). Seneca Favorite (10). Seneca Spice (u, ?8).
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 175
A variety which is distinct from the Quince of Cole was described by Coxe in 1817. According to Downing, it is in appear- ance much like a large Yellow Newtown, and the young wood is of a different shade of color from that of the Quince of Cole, being dull reddish-brown instead of clear reddish-brown, with buds small, reddish and pointed, instead of short, abrupt and prominent. The following is the description of the fruit given by Coxe (2) : " The size of the apple is large ; the shape flat ; the skin, when fully ripe, is yellow; the flesh rich, yellow and juicy — in appearance it somewhat resembles a large yellow Newtown Pippin. It came originally from the state of New York; ripens in November."
This variety is unknown to us, and we have received no report concerning it from any of our correspondents.
RAMSDELL SWEET.
REFERENCES, i. Mag. Hort., 4:47. 1838. 2. Manning and Ives, 1844:41. 3. Downing, 1845:137. 4. Mag. Hort., 12:475. 1846. 5. Thomas, 1849:161. 6. Cole, 1849:118. 7. Emmons, Nat. Plist. N. Y., 3:76. 1851. 8. Elliott. 1854:131. 9. Hooper, 1857:74. 10. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. n. Warder, 1867:664. fig. 12. Downing, 1869:163. 13. Fitz, 1872:121, 145. 14. Leroy, 1873 '605. fig. 15. Barry, 1883 1352. 16. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 17. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:247. 18. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui., 45 :337> 1896. 19. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui, 205 :46. 1903. 20. Budd-Hansen, 1903:159. fig.
SYNONYMS. Avery Sweet (12, 14). Avery Szveeting (8). ENGLISH SWEET (12, 18). English Sweet (14, 15, 16, 20). ENGLISH SWEETING (4, 8). Hurlbut (14). Hurlbut Sweet (12). RAMSDALE'S SWEETING (9). RAMSDELL (14, 19). RAMSDELL'S RED (n). Ramsdell Red Sweet (18). RAMSDELL'S RED SWEETING (i). RAMSDELL SWEET (10, 15, 16, 17, 20). Ramsdell Sweet (3, 8, 12). RAMSDELL'S SWEETING (3, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13). Ramsdell' s Sweeting (8, 14). RAMSDEL'S RED PUMPKIN SWEET (2). Rams- del' s Red Pumpkin Sweet (3, 5, 7, 8, 12). Randall's Red Winter (12, 14). Red Pumpkin Sweet (3, 8, 12). Red Pumpkin Sweeting (9). Reindell's Large (14).
This is an attractive red apple of good size and very good qual- ity, in season from midautumn to midwinter. The tree is a pretty good grower and an early bearer, yielding some fruit annu- ally or nearly annually, but in many cases it is not satisfactorily productive and the fruit is not very uniform in size and quality, so that there is a considerable loss from unmarketable fruit. Not recommended for commercial planting in New York.
176 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Historical. This variety was first brought to notice by being exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society by the Rev. H. S. Ramsdell, Thompson, Conn., and was named Ramsdell's Red Sweeting in compliment to him (i). Downing described it in 1845 (3) under the name Ramsdell's Sweeting, but in the 1869 edition (12) it was described under the name English Sweet, the name previously recognized by Elliott (8) but upon what authority we have been unable to learn. In 1862 (10) it was entered on the catalogue of the American Pomological Society under the name Ramsdell Sweet which name has been retained in that catalogue up to the present time. It is also commonly catalogued by nurserymen under the name Ramsdell or Ramsdell Sweet (17).
TREE.
Tree medium size, vigorous or moderately vigorous. Form upright, open. Twigs long, curved, moderately stout; internodes medium. Bark brown, streaked with heavy scarf-skin ; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels scat- tering, small to medium, oval, raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium, sometimes nearly large, somewhat variable in size, fairly uniform in shape. Form oblong conic to roundish conic, often some- what elliptical and faintly ribbed. Stem short to medium in length, mod- erately slender, often red. Cavity acuminate, deep, rather broad, quite symmetrical, often with some stellate russet. Calyx small to medium, closed or slightly open ; lobes narrow, acute to acuminate. Basin rather small, sometimes oblique, medium to rather deep, narrow to medium in width, abrupt, faintly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thin, rather tough, smooth, yellow nearly overspread with attractive dark red, or entirely red with obscure splashes and stripes of carmine, over- spread with blue bloom. Dots many, distinct, conspicuous, small to rather large, pale yellow or grayish, often submerged. Prevailing effect red, at- tractive.
Calyx tube rather large, long, cylindrical to narrow funnel-shape. Stamens median.
Core small to medium, axile to somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical but not uniformly developed, closed or slightly open ; core lines clasping. Car- pels ovate to nearly roundish. Seeds below medium, rather narrow, plump, acute.
Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, fine, tender, juicy, very sweet, good to very good.
Season October to February.
RASPBERRY.
REFERENCES, i. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:435. 2. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:90. 3. la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1885:11. 4. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886:77. 5. U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1891:390. 6. Thomas, 1897:252. fig. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:19. 8. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76:89. 1902. fig. 9. Budd-Hansen, 1903:159. fig.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 177
SYNONYMS. MALINOWSKOE (i, 2). Malinowskoe (3). No. 288 (3, 5, 8). RASPBERRY (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). Raspberry (i, 2). /^d Cheek (6).
A Russian apple, small, fine dark red, sprightly subacid; season July and August. Hansen states (8, 9) that it is exceedingly productive and a good substitute for Red June where that variety winter-kills.
RED AND GREEN SWEET.
REFERENCES, i. Coxe, 1817:162. 2. Thacher, 1822:129. 3. Kenrick, 1832: 38. 4. Thomas, 1849:135. 5. Elliott, 1854:176. 6. Downing, 1857:221. 7. Hooper, 1857:78. 8. Warder, 1867:729. 9. Downing, 1872:10 index, app.
SYNONYMS. Large Red Sweeting (5). LARGE RED AND GREEN SWEET- ING (2). PRINCE'S LARGE RED AND GREEN SWEETING (i). Prince's Large Red and Green Szveeting (3). Prince's Red and Green Sweet (5). Red Bough (5). RED AND GREEN SWEET (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). RED AND GREEN SWEET- ING (3). Saille Sweet (9). Virginia Sweet (9).
This is a very large green apple, striped with red, rather attractive when well colored. It does not rank very high in flavor or quality but is suitable for baking. Season August and September. The fruit does not last long after it becomes ripe. The tree is medium to large, moderately vigorous to vigorous, long-lived and a reliable cropper yielding heavy crops annually. Although some find it a profitable apple to grow for local market it is not worthy of being recommended for general planting.
Historical. This is an old variety which was described by Coxe (i). It was formerly grown to a comparatively limited extent in some portions of New York and in adjoining states. Occasionally a tree of it is still found in some of the oldest orchards of the state but it is fast going out of cultivation.
TREE.
Tree large. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs short, straight, stout with large terminal buds; internodes short. Bark brown mingled with olive-green, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin ; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oval, not raised. Buds large, rather prominent, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit large to very large. Form oblong conic, rather strongly ribbed; sides unequal. Stem short to medium, moderately slender. Cavity nearly acuminate, deep, broad, furrowed, sometimes lipped, sometimes thinly rus- seted. Calyx closed or partly open; lobes moderately long, narrow, acute. Basin medium in depth to rather deep, medium in width to rather narrow, wrinkled.
Skin thin, tender, smooth, green changing to yellow, more or less blushed and partly overspread with pinkish-red irregularly striped and splashed with rather bright carmine. Dots conspicuous, numerous, large and scattering toward the cavity, small and very numerous toward the calyx.
Calyx tube long, funnel-shape.
178 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Core rather large ; cells open ; core lines clasping. Carpels nearly round- ish, tufted. Seeds rather small, plump, acute.
Flesh white, fine, very tender, moderately juicy, of pleasant sweet flavor and fair to good quality.
Season August and September.
RED ASTRACHAN.
REFERENCES, i. London Hort, Soc. Trans., 4:522 (cited by 2). 2. For- syth, 1824:131. 3. Pom. Mag., 1830 :No. 123, col. pi. 4. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :No. 31. 5. Kenrick, 1832:90. 6. Floy-Lindley, 1833:4. 7. Ken- rick, 1835:58. 8. Mag. Hort., 1:391. 1835. 9. Manning, 1838:50. 10. Ib. , Mag. Hort., 7:48. 1841. n. Downing, 1845:75. fig. 12. Horticulturist, 1:146. 1846. 13. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:15. 1848. fig. 14. Cole, 1849:98. fig. 15. Goodrich, 1849:49. 16. Thomas, 1849:143. 17. Waring, 1851:29. 18. Barry, 1851:279. 19. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:14. 1851. col. pi. No. 53. 20. Hovey, i :35. 1851. col. pi. and fig. 21. Mass. Hort. Soc. Trans., 1852:103. col. pi. 22. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 23. Horticulturist, 7:437. 1852. 24. Elliott, 1854:103. fig. 25. Horticulturist, 10:443. 1855. fig. 26. Hooper, 1857:13, 77. 27. Gregg, 1857:38. fig. 28. Mag. Hort., 30:162. 1864. 29. Ib.} 32:17, 51. 1866. 30. Warder, 1867:456. fig. 31. Downing, 1869:323. fig. 32. Todd, 1871:210. fig. 33. Fitz, 1872:143, 160, 172. 34. Leroy, 1873:82. fig. 35. Hatch, Horticulturist, 29:51. 1874. 36. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:8. 37. Hogg, 1884:185. 38. Wickson, 1889: 243. 39. Lyoia, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 40. Can. Hort., 14:261. 1891. 41. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :234, 247. 42. Am. Card., 15 :4O4. 1894. fig. 43. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 2:10. 1895. fig. 44. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45:337. 1896. 45. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bui., 61:31. 1897. 46. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898 .-354. 47. Craig, Cyc. of Am. Hort., 1901:1404. 48. Waugh, Ft. Sta, An. Rpt., 14:305. 1901. 49. Can. Hort., 25:305. 1902. figs. 50. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76:90. 1902. 51. Bruner, N. C. Sta. Bui., 182:21. 1903. 52. Budd-Hansen, 1903:160. fig.
SYNONYMS. Abe Lincoln (31, 32, 34, 48). AMERICAN RED (4, 46). An- glesea Pippin (37). ASTRACAN ROUGE (34). ASTRACHAN (23). ASTRACHAN RED (2, 18). Astrachan Rouge (31). Astrakhan Rouge (32). Deterding's Early (31, 32). Hamper's American (37). RED ASTRACAN (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 19). RED ASTRACHAN (i, 3, 5, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 5O, 51, 52). Red Astrachan (34). RED ASTRAKHAN (32). Rother Astrakhan (31, 32). Vermilion d'Ete (31, 32, 34). Waterloo (37).
This is a very beautiful early summer apple of good medium size, yellow, largely covered with light and dark red, presenting a striped appearance, and overspread with bluish bloom. It is gen- erally well known throughout the state, being valued particularly for home use. It is fit for culinary purposes before it becomes fully ripe, so that for home use it is in season from late July to
RED ASTRACHAN
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 179
September. When fully ripe and mellow it is desirable for dessert use. The tree is of medium size, a good grower, moderately long- lived, comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable cropper, yielding moderate to good crops biennially or sometimes annually. The fruit hangs to the tree pretty well till it is fully ripe, but as the crop matures unevenly there is apt to be considerable loss from the dropping of the fruit unless several pickings are made. It is not very uniform in size, and a considerable amount of it is small 01 otherwise unmarketable. It is very perishable, and on this account not well adapted for shipping to distant markets. It is very common in local markets, but often the supply so much ex- ceeds the demand that prices are consequently low.
Historical. Hogg states that Red Astrachan was imported from Sweden into England in 1816 but Lindley (6) states that " This very beautiful apple was imported from Sweden, and first fruited by William Atkinson, Esq., of Grove End, Paddington, in 1816." It was one of the first of the Russian apples imported into America. It was received by the Massa- chusetts Horticultural Society from the London (Eng.) Horticultural So- ciety about 1835 but this was not the first importation for fruit of Red Astrachan was included in one of the exhibitions of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1835 (8). It has become generally disseminated throughout the apple-growing districts of the continent and is commonly listed from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from Canada to the Gulf states.
TREE.
Tree medium to rather large, moderately vigorous to vigorous. Form up- right spreading to roundish, rather dense. Twigs medium to long, curved, stout to rather slender; internodes long. Bark clear brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, pubescent near the tips. Lenticels quite numerous, medium to small, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium in size, plump, obtuse to acute, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to sometimes large, not very uniform in size or shape. Form roundish to roundish oblate, inclined to conical, somewhat ribbed ; sides a little unequal. Stem medium, rather slender, bracted. Cavity acute to sometimes obtuse, medium to deep, moderately broad, often thinly rus- seted with greenish russet, usually symmetrical, sometimes lipped. Calyx medium to rather large, open or closed; lobes rather long, moderately broad. Basin shallow, narrow to medium in width, obtuse, wrinkled.
Skin rather thin, moderately tender, smooth, pale yellow or greenish often nearly or quite overspread with light and dark red splashed and irreg- ularly striped with deep crimson or carmine and covered with rather heavy distinct bluish bloom. Dots numerous, small, whitish.
180 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Calyx tube long, funnel-form. Stamens median to marginal.
Core small, somewhat abaxile ; cells closed or somewhat open ; core lines clasping or sometimes nearly meeting. Carpels broadly ovate or obovate, slightly tufted. Seeds small, moderately wide, plump, obtuse.
Flesh white often strongly tinged with red, rather fine, crisp, tender, juicy, brisk subacid, aromatic, sometimes slightly astringent, good to very good.
Season late July to September.
RED GRAVENSTEIN.
REFERENCES, i. Leroy, 1873:339. fig. 2. Can. Hort., 16:362. 1893. 3. Lucas, Ed., ///. Handb. der Obstk., 1893:250.
SYNONYMS. GRAVENSTEIN ROUGE (i). RED GRAVENSTEIN (2, 3). Rother Gravensteiner (i).
Bud sports of the Gravenstein have 'appeared at different times which bear red fruit. For a statement concerning such sports the reader is referred to Gravenstein, page 84. -
RED HOOK.
This is a large, late summer or early autumn apple which is being grown commercially to a limited extent in the vicinity of Red Hook, Dutchess county, N. Y. W. S. Teator, of Upper Red Hook, who furnished us with the fruit from which the following description was made, states that the variety originated in his locality and has been known under the name of Red Ox or Striped Ox. As the name Striped Ox has been applied to other varieties he proposes the name Red Hook for this apple. The tree is large, low branching and an annual cropper yielding heavy crops. The fruit is firm, smooth, bright, attractive, quite free from the attacks of fungi and good for culinary use but when overripe it becomes dry and worthless. It stands shipment well and is one of the earliest fruits of that locality that can be shipped to Europe.
FRUIT.
Fruit large to very large. Form roundish to roundish conic, somewhat elliptical, symmetrical, sometimes faintly ribbed. Stem short, thick to rather slender. Cavity acuminate, deep, broad, gently furrowed, smooth or partly russeted. Calyx medium to rather small, partly closed ; lobes broad, obtuse to acute. Basin rather small, moderately deep, narrow to medium in width, abrupt.
Skin tough, attractive pale yellow, rather thinly mottled and blushed with lively red, and sparingly striped and splashed with bright carmine. Dots rather small, numerous, whitish or with russet center.
Calyx tube elongated funnel-shape approaching conical. Stamens median.
Core medium or below, axile or nearly so ; cells pretty symmetrical, closed ; core lines clasping the cylinder. Carpels broadly roundish. Seeds rather dark brown, medium size, irregular, obtuse.
Flesh firm, coarse, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, good.
Season late summer or early autumn.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 181
RED JUNE.
REFERENCES, i. Humrickhouse, Mag. Hort., 14 :38Q. 1848. fig. 2. Phoenix, Horticulturist, 4 '.472. 1850. 3. Barry, 1851 1280. 4. Horticulturist, 10 187. 1855. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1856. 6. Horticulturist, 12:473. i8S7- 7- Downing, 1857:127. 8. Gregg, 1857:35. 9. Hooper, 1857:23. 10. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 27:68. 1861. fig. n. Warder, 1867:666. fig. 12. Downing, 1869:118. fig. 13. Ib., 1872:10 index, app. 14. Fitz, 1872:151. 15. Thomas, 1875:190. 16. Wickson, 1889:242. 17. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890: 296. 18. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1891. 19. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:236. 20. Ib., 1892:247. 21. Clayton, Ala. Sta. Bui., 47:5. 1893. 22. Hoskins, Rural N- Y; 53^48. 1894. 23. Stinson, Ark. Sta. Rpt., 1894:44. 24. Massey, N. C. Sta. Bui., 149:316. 1898. 25. Budd-Hansen, 1903:162. fig. 26. Brimer, Ar. C. Sta. Bui., 182:21. 1903. 27. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui., 205:46. 1903.
SYNONYMS. Blush June (12, 15, 23). Blushed June (7, 10). CAROLINA JUNE (4, 5, 6). Carolina Red (14). CAROLINA RED JUNE (2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 15, 16, 19, 22, 23, 24). Georgia June (12). Jones Early Harvest (13). JUNE (i). Knight's Red June (12). RED JUNE (13, 17, 18, 20, 21, 27). Red June (7, 10, 12, 14, 15, 23). RED JUNEATING (14). RED JUNE, Carolina (25, 26). Susy Clark (13). Wilson's June (12).
An attractive little apple, deep red over yellow, tender, brisk subacid, very good. The tree is a moderate grower, a pretty reli- able bearer, and commonly yields good crops. Some find it profit- able because it is handsome and takes well in some markets. The crop ripens so unevenly that it should have two or three pickings in order to secure the fruit in good condition. The variety is more popular South and West than it is in New York
Historical. This is a southern apple which is supposed to have originated in North Carolina. It has long been known in cultivation and is commonly listed by nurserymen, but it has not been planted to any considerable extent in New York.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with short, moderately stout, curved branches. Form at first upright but becoming spreading or roundish. Twigs very short, straight, slender ; internodes medium size. Bark dull brown, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, ob- long, not raised. Buds small, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit small or below medium, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish ovate or a little inclined to oblong, rather regular; sides usually unequal. Stem variable, usually long, slender. Cavity small, acuminate to acute, shallow to medium in depth, narrow, slightly symmetrical, sometimes com- pressed, russeted but slightly if at all. Calyx medium to large, leafy, closed
182 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
or sometimes a little open; lobes long, rather narrow, acuminate. Basin small, shallow, narrow, rather obtuse, smooth or wavy.
Skin thin, tender, smooth, glossy, pale yellow or greenish, nearly over- spread with deep purplish-red approaching blackish-purple on the exposed cheek; some specimens are entirely red. Dots rather numerous, very small, inconspicuous, light.
Calyx tube short, moderately wide, conical to funnel-form. Stamens median to marginal.
Core large, axile to somewhat abaxile ; cells symmetrical, open or some- times closed; core lines slightly clasping or meeting. Carpels broadly ovate to elliptical. Seeds rather dark brown, numerous, small to medium, plump, acute.
Flesh white, fine, tender, juicy, brisk subacid, good to very good.
Season late July to early winter.
STRIPED RED JUNE. A variety has found its way into cultiva- tion which appears in all respects identical with the Red June except that the fruit is striped. It is supposed to be either a seed- ling of the Red June or a sport of that variety (n, 12).
RED TRANSPARENT.
REFERENCES, i. Gibb, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:437. 2. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui., 1885:13. 3. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1888:572. fig. 4. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1890:18. 5. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:248. 6. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:584. 1894. 7- Troop, Ind. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:81. 1899.
SYNONYMS. No. 333 (i, 2, 3, 4). RED TRANSPARENT (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). Red Transparent (i). Skvosnoi krasnoi (2). SKWOSNOI KRASNOI (i).
A Russian variety of little value where Primate can be grown. Fruit medium size with pale skin nearly covered with red and overspread with delicate bloom. Basin irregularly wrinkled ; calyx prominent, closed ; flesh greenish-white, not very crisp; water-cores badly; season late July and early August (6).
RED WINE.
REFERENCES, i. Webster, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 7:54. 1881. 2. Gibb, Ib., 9:95. 1883. 3. Ib., la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:439. 4. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1885:14. 5. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:248. 6. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:57. 7. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76:92. 1902. 8. Budd- Hansen, 1903:163.
SYNONYMS. No. 343 (2, 4, 7). RED WINE (4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Red Wine (i, 2, 3). Rother Weinapfel (7). Rotherwein appel (4). Vinnoe Krasnoe Osennee (4). WEINAPFEL ROTHER (2). WEINAPFEL ROTHER (3). WEIN- APPEL ROTHER (i).
A Russian apple of the Lowland Raspberry type (7, 8). Fruit medium, waxen-white almost completely covered with bright red. Flesh white, tender, subacid, good. Season August and September.
So far as we know this variety has not been tested in New York.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 183
REED*
REFERENCE, i. Downing, 1869:329.
SYNONYMS. None.
A local variety which according to Downing originated with George Reed, Leedsville, Dutchess county, N. Y. Fruit medium, whitish shaded and mottled with light and dark red; flesh white, a little stained next the skin, pleasant subacid, good ; season November.
We are unacquainted with this variety and have received no report con- cerning it from any of our correspondents.
REPKA.
REFERENCES, i. Barry, 1883 1334. 2. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:79. 3. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:57. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:248. 5. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:584. 1894.
SYNONYMS. No. 139 (2, 3). REPKA (i, 2, 3, 4, 5). Riepka (3).
A medium sized yellow apple of good quality in season in August and early September ; inferior to Primate both in appearance and quality. The tree comes into bearing moderately early and is an annual cropper yielding fair to good crops. Not recommended for planting in New York.
This is distinct from either Repka Aport, Repka Sweet or Repka Malenka.
Historical. Origin Russia. Received in 1884 from Ellwanger and Barry, Rochester, N. Y., for testing at this Station. It has been but little dissemi- nated in New York.
TREE.
Tree rather small ; not a vigorous grower. Form spreading or roundish. Twigs short, straight, stout with large terminal buds; internodes short. Bark brown or reddish-brown, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin. Lenti- cels scattering, medium to small, round, slightly raised. Buds large, promi- nent, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium or below. Form roundish oblate inclined to conic, regular ; sides unequal. Stem rather short, moderately slender. Cavity acute, medium in depth to deep, rather wide, heavily russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx rather small, closed. Basin moderately deep, wide, somewhat abrupt, usually furrowed or wrinkled.
Skin moderately thin, tough, clear pale yellow or whitish. Dots small, white, pale and submerged or russet.
Calyx tube long, narrow, funnel-form.
Core small ; cells closed ; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish. Seeds medium size, wide, flat, obtuse.
Flesh white, rather firm, fine, juicy, crisp, rather mild subacid, good.
Season August and September.
184 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
RIBSTON.
REFERENCES, i. Forsyth, 1803:52. 2. Diel, 11:93. 1813. 3. Coxe, 1817: 125. fig. 4. Forsyth, 1824:124. 5. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1828:476. 6. Fessenden, 1828:130. 7. Pom. Mag., 3 :No. 141. 1830. col. pi. 8. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 132. 9. Ronalds, 1831 154. 10. Kenrick, 1832 152. ii. Floy-Lindley, 1833:59. 12. Manning, 1838:54. 13. Manning, Mag. Hort., 7:49. 1841. 14. Russell, Ib., 10:403. 1844. 15. Downing, 1845:131. 16. Downing, Horticulturist, 2:416. 1847. 17. Ib., 3:421. 1848. 18. Thomas, 1849:152. 19. Cole, 1849:126. 20. Horticulturist, 6:16, 292. 1851. 21. Em- mons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:75. 1851. 22. Elliott, 1854:155. 23. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1854. 24. Mag. Hort., 21 :62. 1855. 25. Hooper, 1857 :8o. 26. Oberdieck, ///. Handb. Obst., 1:353. 1858. 27. Mag. Hort., 26:116. 1860. 28. Warder, 1867:612. 29. Regel, 1868:463. 30. Berghuis, 1868 :No. 3. col. pi. 31. Mas, LcVerger, 1868:99. 32. Leroy, 1873:750. figs. 33. Lauche, i:No. 25. 1882. col. pi. 34. Barry, 1883:353. 35. Hogg, 1884:194. 36. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 37. Hick, Can. Hort., 15:157. 1892. 38. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:248. 39. Bredsted, 1893:137. 40. Gaudier, 1894: No. 19. col. pi 41. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:355. 42. Can. Hort., 22:510. 1899. 43. Eneroth- Smirnoff, 1901:224. 44. Waugh, Rural N. Y., 61:285, 286. 1902. fig. 45. Budd-Hansen, 1903:165. fig. 46. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:141. 1904.
SYNONYMS. Beautiful Pippin (25). Englische Granat-Reinette (40). Essex Pippin (40). Formosa (25). Formosa Pippin (7, 10, 15, 22, 32, 40). Glory of York (10, 15, 22, 25, 32, 35, 40, of some 7). Granat-Reinette (40). Nonpareille (40). Pepin Ribston (40). Reinette Grenade Anglaise (40). Reinette de Traver (32). RIBSTON (2, 8, 9, n, 20, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 33, 36, 37, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45). RIBSTON PIPPIN (i, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25, 28, 32, 34, 35, 38, 41, 44). Ribston Pippin (45, 46). RIBSTON PEPPING (40). Ribston s Pepping (40). Ribstone (32). RIBSTONE PIPPIN (6, 12). RIDGE (46 by error). Rockhill's Russet (32). Travers (15, 22, 25, 32). Travers Apple (7, 10, 40). Travers Peppin (40). Travers Pippin (35). Travers Reinette (40).
Ribston evidently belongs in the same group as Hubbardston. It is much esteemed for its rich flavor and fine quality and it is desirable either for dessert or culinary uses. The fruit is pretty smooth and uniform but often it averages below medium size and is ordinary in appearance. Heat ripens it quickly and it is not considered a very good keeper. In cold storage, if properly handled before storing, it is possibly equal to Tompkins King or Hubbardston as a keeper (46). Its season in Southern New York extends from late September to November or December, and in the northern and more elevated regions from late fall to early or mid-winter and sometimes a portion of the fruit may be kept
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 185
till spring in ordinary storage. The tree is pretty hardy, vigorous, healthy and long-lived. It comes into bearing rather young and usually bears some fruit every year. Occasionally the crops are heavy but more often they vary from moderate to rather light. Generally speaking, it is hardly satisfactory as a cropper and Hubbardston is much to be preferred for planting in commercial orchards in New York.
Historical. Ribston originated more than two hundred years ago in York- shire, England (i, 7). In that country it has long been considered the standard of excellence among dessert apples. It has long been known in cultivation in America but has not gained the standing here that it holds in England. It is not grown to any considerable extent in New York but suc- ceeds better farther north, as in portions of Northern New England and of Canada, where it is of some commercial importance (16, 20, 24, 44).
TREE.
Tree medium in size or sometimes rather large, moderately vigorous to vigorous with rather stout, stocky branches. Form rather upright and spreading or roundish, not very regular. Twigs medium to rather long, rather slender to moderately stout ; internodes medium to long. Bark bright dark reddish-brown and olive-green, somewhat mottled with grayish scarf-skin. Lenticels conspicuous, scattering, small to medium, elongated or roundish. Buds medium to large, broad, plump, obtuse, nearly free, very pubescent. Foliage rather dense; leaves broad.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium or above, pretty uniform in shape and size. Form roundish, rather broad and flattened at the base, narrowing somewhat toward the basin, occasionally a little inclined to roundish oblong, often broadly and obscurely ribbed. Stem pubescent, medium to short, occasionally moderately slender, more often rather thick, sometimes irregularly swollen or inserted under a lip. Cavity rather large, acute, moderately shallow to rather deep, wide to moderately narrow, sometimes furrowed or compressed, occasionally smooth and green but often faintly russeted and with some outspreading russet. Calyx variable, small to rather large, closed or partly open; lobes sometimes separated at the base, erect or converging, tips usually somewhat reflexed. Basin small to medium, shallow to moderately deep, moderately narrow, more or less abrupt or occasionally obtuse, often slightly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin smooth or slightly roughened with russet, deep yellow or greenish- yellow more or less overspread with rather dull red which in highly colored specimens deepens to a distinct red with some obscure carmine stripes and splashes. Dots scattering, conspicuous toward the base, more numerous and smaller toward the basin, pale, sometimes whitish, often areolar with russet center. Prevailing effect sometimes rather attractive but more often the colors are rather dull.
1 86 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Calyx tube rather wide, cone-shape or sometimes funnel-form. Stamens basal.
Core below medium to small, axile or with a narrow hollow cylinder at the axis; cells pretty regular, closed; core lines clasping to nearly meet- ing. Carpels roundish to nearly elliptical, emarginate, slightly tufted. Seeds variable, some abortive, usually but few are plump, light and dark brown, rather large, moderately narrow to wide, medium to long, obtuse or some- times approaching acute, sometimes slightly tufted.
Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, very crisp, medium in texture, juicy, pleasantly aromatic, rich, sprightly subacid, very good.
Season late September to December or later.
RICHARD GRAFT.
REFERENCES, i. Mag. Hort., 18:492. 1852. 2. Downing, 1857:101. fig. 3. Warder, 1867:457. fig. 4. Thomas, 1875:204. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1877:14. 6. Barry, 1883:340. 7. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1888. 8. Hendricks, Rural N. Y., 47759, 811. 1888. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:248. 10. Budd- Hansen, 1903:166.
SYNONYMS. Derrick and Ann (8). Derrick's Graft (2, 4). Red Spitzen- kerg (3). Red Spitzenburgh (2, 4, 6). RICHARD (i). RICHARD GRAFT (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). Strawberry (2, 3). Wine (2, 3).
This is a very fine fall apple of superior dessert quality. It begins to ripen during late August or early September; the crop ripens in succession during a period of several weeks, and some portion of the fruit may be kept till late autumn. Several pickings are required in order to secure the fruit in prime con- dition. The tree is upright, of medium size, moderately vigorous, long-lived and a reliable cropper yielding good crops biennially. It is an excellent variety for home use and is being grown to a limited extent in commercial orchards with profit.
Historical. This variety was originated at Greenport, Columbia county, N. Y., by Richard Delamatter. It was introduced about 1860 by E. G. Studley, a nurseryman of Claverack, Columbia county, N. Y. Its cultiva- tion is being extended somewhat in Columbia county, but as yet it is but little known outside of the Hudson valley.
TREE.
Tree of medium size, moderately vigorous. Form upright or roundish, open. Twigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout ; internodes medium. Bark dark brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, acute to obtuse, free, pubescent.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 187
FRUIT (2, 8).
Fruit medium size. Form roundish oblate. Stem of medium length, slender. Cavity large. Calyx small, closed. Basin medium size. Skin yellow, nearly covered with stripes and splashes of deep red, Flesh yellowish, very tender, juicy, aromatic, subacid, very good. Season September.
ROLFE.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1857:167. 2. Warder, 1867:725. 3. Thomas, 1875:505. 4. Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1876:149. 5. Ib., 1885:135, 138. 6. Ib., 1888:120. fig. 7. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294. 8. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:248. 9. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:133. 10. Ib.} 1896:71, 81. ii. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat.., 1897:14. 12. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1902:90, 92. 13. Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1902:49, 50. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903:166.
SYNONYMS. MACOMBER (i, 2, 3, 7). Macomber (4, 9, 14;. ROLFE (4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14).
Fruit medium to large, of good quality and rather attractive for a yel- lowish apple. It is in season from late September to December or January. The tree is very hardy, vigorous and a reliable cropper. At the present time it is probably grown more extensively in Maine than in any other section of the country. It is there regarded highly wherever it is known and is gaining in popularity among fruit growers (i, 6, 10, 12). It is worthy of testing in those portions of the state where superior hardiness in a variety is a matter of prime importance.
Historical. Originated in the town of Guilford, Maine, about 1820. Said to be a seedling of the Blue Pearmain. It has, as yet, been disseminated but sparingly in this state and is but little known among New York fruit growers.
TREE.
Tree rather large, vigorous. Form roundish to spreading and drooping, rather dense ; laterals slender, willowy. Twigs rather long, irregularly crooked, slender to moderately stout; internodes long to below medium. Bark brown to reddish-brown with an occasional tinge of olive-green, over- laid with scarf-skin, pubescent near tips. Lenticels moderately numerous, of a dull color but rather conspicuous, medium or above, roundish, not raised. Buds very deeply set in bark, medium in size, broad, flat, obtuse, appressed, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to sometimes large, pretty uniform in shape and size. Form roundish to roundish oblate, regular or somewhat angular, symmetrical. Stem short to medium and rather slender. Cavity acute to slightly acuminate, moderately deep, rather wide, sometimes slightly furrowed or compressed. Calyx small to above medium, closed; lobes short to moderately long, rather wide, acute. Basin below medium to rather large, pretty regular, shallow to moderately deep, narrow to rather wide, a little abrupt, slightly wrinkled.
Skin moderately thin, rather tough, glossy, clear pale yellow, sometimes faintly blushed or in well colored specimens distinctly shaded and striped with lively red. Dots numerous, inconspicuous, small. Prevailing effect yellow or yellow and red.
1 88 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Calyx tube rather narrow, short, funnel-shape. Stamens median.
Core variable, below medium to large, abaxile; cells usually symmetrical, wide open; core lines clasping. Carpels often markedly concave, broadly ovate, emarginate, tufted. Seeds above medium, rather long and narrow, plump, acute or approaching acuminate, light brown.
Flesh whitish with slight tinge of yellow, moderately fine-grained, crisp, tender, juicy, briskly subacid, good.
Season late September to December or January.
ROMAN STEM.
REFERENCES, i. Coxe, 1817:132. % 2. Thacher, 1822:135. 3. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:33. 4. Downing, 1845:131. 5. Kirtland, Horticulturist, 2:545. 1848. 6. Thomas, 1849:185. 7. Phoenix, Horticulturist, 4:472. 1850. 8. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:86. 1851. 9. Elliott, 1854:155. 10. Horti- culturist, 10:87. 1855. ii. Hooper, 1857:81. 12. Mag. Hort., 24:110. 1858. 13. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 14. Warder, 1867:579. fig. 15. Barry, 1883: 354. 16. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 17. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:248. 18. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui., 76:94. 1902. 19. Budd-Hansen, 1903:166. 20. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:142. 1904.
SYNONYMS. French Pippin of some (9). ROMAN STEM (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20).
Fruit about medium size, whitish-yellow, often somewhat blushed. The flesh is juicy, aromatic, subacid and very good in quality, particularly for dessert use. It is in season from midautumn to midwinter. " A good fruit but in a great measure superseded by other sorts" (15). The tree is mod- erately vigorous, spreading, irregular, very hardy and very productive. In the trying climate of the upper Mississippi valley it has proved hardier than most of the old varieties from the East and has succeeded well where the varieties of the grade of hardiness of Baldwin and Rhode Island Greening have failed. It is not well suited for commercial purposes because it is yellow, lacks good size and is not a late keeper.
Historical. Coxe published the following description of Roman Stem in 1817: " This apple was first propagated in the neighbourhood of Burling- ton, New-Jersey, where the original tree is now standing. It is an excellent early winter fruit, much admired for its tender, mild, juicy and agreeable properties; the size is small, the form round, the stalk of singular appear- ance, from a fleshy protuberance of the neighboring part, resembling an aquiline nose, whence the apple derives its name — the skin is rough, the color yellow, with black clouds and spots — the tree is of handsome and vigorous growth, with long shoots, and great f ruitfulness ; it is in every respect deserving of extensive cultivation."
Roman Stem has been pretty widely disseminated and considerably culti- vated in various parts of the Southern, Central and Western states but it is now generally superseded by other kinds. It is but little grown in New York.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 189
ROMNA.
REFERENCES, i. Budd, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1883 73. 2. Ib., la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1883:29. 3. Ib., 1885:20, 23, 29. 4. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887: 50. 5. Lyon, U. S. Pom. Bui., 2:45. 1888. 6. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui., 1890 -.24. 7. Ib., 1892 7. 8. Ib., la. Sta. Bui, 18 -.520. 1892. 9. Ib., 19 : 541. 1892. 10. Troop, Ind. Sta. Bui, 53:124. 1894. n. Budd, la. Sta. BuL, 31 :333. 1895. 12. Beach, Paddock and Close, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 15 -.275. 1896. 13. Thomas, 1897 :295. ng. 14. Waugh, Vt. Sta. BuL, 61 131. 1897. fig. 15. Budd, la. Sta. BuL, 41 :6g, 70, 80. 1899. 16. Troop, Ind. Sta. Rpt., 1899:81. 17. Hansen, 5. D. Sta. BuL, 76:94. 1902. fig. 18. Budd-Hansen, 1903:168. 19. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. BuL, 248:142. 1904.
SYNONYMS. No. n M (i, 2, 6, 7, 9). ATo. 599 Dept. (i, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 17, 18). Omensk (4). ROMENSKOE (2, 4, 5, 8). Romenskoe (i, 3, 17, 18). ROMNA (i, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, "16, 17, 18, 19). Romnenskoe (3, 4, 5).
A Russian variety received from Dr. T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vermont, in 1888 for testing at this Station. It was described in 1896 (12) as being in season that year during the last of August and the first of September. This statement was erroneous because it was incomplete. While the fruit began to come in season during the last of August and the first of September some portion of it was kept in ordinary storage till midwinter. In a subse- quent report (19) it was correctly stated that as fruited at this Station the commercial limit of this variety is early October and its season in ordinary storage extends from September to January. It is properly classed as a fall and early winter apple here. The tree is vigorous, hardy, comes into bearing rather young and yields good crops biennially. It does not appear to be worthy of the attention of fruit growers in New York except possibly where superior hardiness is a prime requisite. The fruit corre- sponds very closely with the illustrated description given by Troop (10, 16) and Waugh (14) but it varies considerably from the descriptions of Budd and Hansen (3, 6, 9, u, 15, 17, 18) particularly in that it is usually oblate conic and is in season during the autumn and early winter instead of late winter and spring.
The following is one of Budd's descriptions of Romna (9, n). "This succeeds best on dry soil where its roots run very deep. Fruit medium in size, conical, smooth, handsomely colored. Flesh white, firm, quite acid and best for cooking, but when matured it is much better for dessert use than Willow or Missouri Pippin or other coarse sorts found in our markets. Season, midwinter here, and late winter north of 43d parallel."
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous to vigorous ; branches short, stout, curved, crooked and drooping. Form spreading, drooping, flat. Twigs short to medium, straight, moderately slender to stout, with large terminal buds ; internodes medium to long. Bark brown, somewhat tinged with red, streaked with grayish scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels scattering,
190
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
small to medium, roundish or oval, slightly raised. Buds moderately small to very large and prominent, broad, very plump, acute, free or nearly so, scarcely pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium or sometimes rather large, not very uniform in shape or size. Form usually oblate conic, irregularly elliptical or broadly and ob- scurely angular, often unsymmetrical with sides unequal. Stem medium length to short and stout, pubescent. Cavity medium to rather large, acute or sometimes nearly obtuse, medium in depth to rather deep, rather wide to narrow, somewhat furrowed, occasionally lipped, russeted and often with conspicuous outspreading russet. Calyx above medium to large, open or partly closed; lobes often separated at the base, medium in length, rather broad, acute. Basin medium to large, often oblique, moderately narrow to wide, sometimes compressed, abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thick, tough, smooth or partly roughened with flecks of russet ; color greenish becoming yellow more or less blushed and overspread with thin bloom. Well colored specimens are covered to a considerable extent with pinkish-red, blushed and striped with bright carmine. Dots small, numerous, pale yellow or grayish, sometimes rather conspicuous.
Calyx tube rather long, wide, funnel-shape. Stamens median.
Core medium to small, axile or nearly so ; cells closed ; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels roundish ovate, somewhat emarginate, slightly tufted. Seeds medium to small, rather short, narrow, plump, obtuse to acute, rather dark brown.
Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately coarse, juicy, briskly subacid, slightly astringent, fair to good.
Season September to January (19).
RONK.
REFERENCES, i. Rural N. Y., 48:279. 1889. fig. .2. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bui, 143:201. 1897. 3. Farrand, Ib., 205:46. 1903. 4. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:142. 1904.
SYNONYMS. None.
Fruit of the Vandevere type, medium or above, rather dull red, pleasant subacid, good ; season October to late winter. Commercial limit in ordinary storage January (4). The tree comes into bearing rather young and is moderately productive. It has not been sufficiently tested to determine its value for th's state.
Historical. Originated about 1860 with Mr. Ronk, Boone county, Indiana. It is supposed to be a seedling of Vandevere which it much resembles (i).
ROSE RED.
REFERENCES, i. Rural N. Y., 1871 (cited by 5). 2. Downing, 1872:30 app. fig. 3. Thomas, 1875:511. 4. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 5. Ragan, U. S. P. B. I. Bui., 56 :267. 1905.
SYNONYMS. Autumn Rose (4). ROSE RED (i, 2, 3, 4, 5).
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 191
A variety of unknown origin. It is supposed to have originated in Egypt, Monroe county, N. Y. According to Downing (2) the tree is thrifty, a reliable cropper and very productive; the fruit medium, roundish oblate, whitish, striped and splashed with light and dark red; flesh yellowish, very tender, lively stibacid, very good; in season during late September, October and November.
We are unacquainted with this variety and have received no report con- cerning it from any of our correspondents.
SAFSTAHOLMS.
REFERENCES, i. Regel, 1868:473. 2. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87 :8i. 3. Eneroth- Smirnoff, 1901 146. 4. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui., 76 196. 1902.
SYNONYMS. SAFSTAHOLM (2, 4). SAFSTAHOLMSAPLE (i). SAFSTAHOLMS- APPLE (3).
This is an apple of fairly good red color, not particularly bright yet not unattractive. The flesh lacks piquancy and is not very juicy but because of its distinct aroma and rich subacid flavor it is classed among the good dessert apples. It is hardly acid enough for culinary use. The tree is a pretty good grower, comes into bearing young and so far as tested at this Station promises to be productive. It is doubtful whether it has sufficient value for the New York fruit grower to make it worthy of trial in this state.
Historical. Originated in Sweden about 1835. It was received for testing at this Station from the United States Pomologist in 1901.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with rather short, slender branches. Form upright spreading or roundish, open. Twigs short, rather slender to mod- erately stout, straight or nearly so; internodes short to medium. Bark rather dull brown tinged with red, mottled with heavy scarf-skin, pubescent. Lenticels very scattering, small to medium, roundish, not raised. Buds often rather deeply set in the bark, medium size or below, plump, obtuse to some- what acute, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large, pretty uniform in shape and size. Form oblong to oblong conic, somewhat elliptical, often indistinctly ribbed; sides often un- equal. Stem short to medium, moderately slender to rather thick. Cavity large, acute to acuminate, moderately shallow to deep, wide, sometimes lipped, often russeted. Calyx medium or below, usually partly open ; lobes moderately narrow, acute. Basin small to medium, obtuse to rather abrupt, shallow to moderately deep, moderately narrow to rather wide, gently fur- rowed.
Skin thin, smooth or sometimes slightly rough toward the apex, pale yellow mottled and blushed with red, becoming rather dull red over a considerable portion of the fruit, mottled and splashed with carmine and sometimes marked with flecks and irregular lines of russet. Dots rather conspicuous, often large, pale gray or with russet center. Prevailing color red.
192 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Calyx: tube cone-shape. Stamens basal.
Core medium to large, abaxile; cells often unsymmetrical, usually some- what open ; core lines meeting. Carpels roundish to broadly ovate, mucronate, sometimes emarginate, tufted. Seeds numerous, above medium to rather large, wide, usually obtuse, plump.
Flesh yellowish, firm, a little coarse, moderately juicy, peculiarly aromatic, mildly subacid, rich, good for dessert, rather mild for culinary use.
Season late October or November to midwinter ; often some portion of the fruit may be kept in ordinary storage to March.
SAILEE RUSSET.
REFERENCE, i. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:307. 1901.
SYNONYMS. None.
A local variety grown in the vicinity of Lake Champlain. The following account of it is given by Waugh (i) :
" Sailee was a Frenchman who came over from France about a hundred years ago and who had a farm on Cumberland Head, Clinton county, N. Y., just across from Grand Isle. He had a large orchard and grew many varieties of apples, some of which he had brought from France, others of which came from other sources, and some of which he originated himself. From his having given his own name to this variety it is supposed to have originated in his own grounds. It was early distributed to Grand Isle, and may be found in several of the older and more complete collections. It is a good variety, but not superior to Roxbury.
" Fruit oblate, slightly conic, size small to medium, cavity very deep and broad, stem medium long, slender, basin deep, corrugated, calyx small, closed, color dull green with occasional blush and considerable russet, dots russet, skin tough, flesh white, core small, flavor subacid, quality good, season early winter."
SAILLY AUTUMN.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1857:187. 2. Thomas, 1875:511.
SYNONYMS. None.
A local variety which originated at Plattsburg, N. Y. Fruit medium, roundish conic, greenish-yellow frequently with a deep red cheek. Stalk short; cavity medium; calyx small, closed; basin small, narrow; flesh very tender, rich, aromatic, subacid, good. September (i, 2).
We are unacquainted with this variety and have received no report con- cerning it from any of our correspondents.
ST. LAWRENCE.
REFERENCES, i. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 : No. 1187. 2. Kenrick, 1832:28. 3. Mag. Hort., 1:149. i835- 4- Hovey, Ib., 13 :539- 1847. fig. 5. Mag. Hort., 14:531, 539- 1848. 6. Thomas, Cultivator, 5:246. 1848. 7. Cole, 1849:104. 8. Thomas, 1849:152. 9. Barry, 1851:286. 10. Waring, 1851:30. ii. Elliott, 1854:158. 12. Downing, 1857:193. 13. Hooper,
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 193
1857 :QO. 14. Gregg, 1857 147. 15. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 16. Warder, 1867:731. 17. Downing, 1872:10 index, app. 18. Leroy, 1873:799. fig. 19. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:11. 20. Ib., 15:19, 27. 1890. 21. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:298. 22. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:57. 23. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:249. 24. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 6:9. 1899. figs. 25. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:307. 1901. 26. Hansen, 5. D. Sta. Bui, 76:96. 1902. 27. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui, 205:46. 1903. 28. Budd-Hansen, 1903:171. fig. 29. Can. Hort., 27:51. 1904. fig. 30. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:143. 1904. 31. Scriver, Can. Hort., 28:277. 1905.
SYNONYMS. Corse's St. Lawrence (8). Montreal (4, n, 18). SAINT- LAURENT (18). ST. LAWRENCE (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31). Saint-Lawrence (18). York and Lancaster (17).
When well grown, St. Lawrence is a large, handsome apple. It is better for dessert than for culinary use but does not excel standard varieties of its season for either purpose. While it does very well in some portions of Western New York, gen- erally speaking, it reaches a higher degree of perfection in favor- able locations in the St. Lawrence valley and in the Lake Cham- plain region than in other portions of the state. The crop ripens somewhat unevenly and should have . more than one picking in order to secure the fruit in prime condition and pre- vent great loss from dropping. It does not stand heat well before going into storage and goes down quickly. The fruit may not remain on the tree till it is well colored, and unless it is well colored it fades in the barrel so much as to render it almost valueless for market. It varies greatly in keeping qualities in different seasons but usually October is its commercial limit in ordinary storage. In cold storage it may be. held until Decem- ber (30). The tree is a moderately strong grower, hardy, gen- erally pretty healthy, moderately long-lived and a reliable cropper yielding good to rather heavy crops biennially. It is not a very good grower in the nursery. Some growers hold that it is desirable to topwork it upon some more vigorous stock as Northern Spy. Although many fruit growers regard it as a fairly profitable commercial apple it cannot be recommended for general cultivation.
196 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Calyx tube very long, moderately wide, conical to cylindrical. Stamens median to marginal.
Core medium to small, axile ; cells symmetrical, closed or slightly open ; core lines meeting or clasping. Carpels roundish or somewhat ovate, deeply emarginate. Seeds large, wide, plump, acute to obtuse, dull dark brown.
Flesh white or with greenish tinge, rather fine, tender, juicy, brisk subacid, fair to good.
Season September to early winter.
SAXTON.
REFERENCES, i. Prairie Farmer, 1860 (cited by 9). 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1871:8. 3. Downing, 1872:11 app. 4. Thomas, 1875:511. 5. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-7 :Q4. 6. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :239. 7. Ib., 1892:249. 8. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui., 45:321. 1896. 9. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56:107. 1905. 10. Ib., 56:275. 1905.
SYNONYMS. FALL STRIPE (3, 7, S, 9). Fall Stripe (4, 5, 10). SAXTON (i, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10). Saxton (3, 7, 9).
An old New England variety (3). Fruit yellow, shaded and splashed with light and dark red ; flesh a little coarse, subacid, good to very good ; season September. It was put upon the list of the American Pomological Society in 1871 (2) and dropped from that list in 1897. It is still listed by some nurserymen (6) but so far as we can learn it is practically unknown among New York fruit growers.
SCARLET PIPPIN.
REFERENCES, i. Jones, Ont. Fr. Gr. Assn. An. Rpt., 27:13. 1895. 2. Craig, Can. Hort., 19:381. 1896. fig. 3. Ib., 19:117. 1896. fig. 4. Ib., Amer. Gard., 20:27. 1899. figs. 5. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bui., 83:91. 1900. 6. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Bui., 37:41. 1901. 7. Abbott, Can. Hort., 24:18, 123. 1901. 8. Budd-Hansen, 1903:172.
SYNONYMS. CRIMSON BEAUTY (3). Crimson Pippin (2). Crimson Scarlet Pippin (2). Leeds Beauty (4, 5, 6, 8). SCARLET PIPPIN (i, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8).
An apple of the Fameuse group which quite closely resembles Mclntosh (2), but is firmer in flesh and slightly more acid. "A very attractive looking apple said to sell better than Fameuse, which it does not equal in quality. Tree a strong, upright grower and said to be a heavy bearer" (6). Season about the same as Wealthy or earlier (i). It appears to be worthy of testing in New York especially in those regions of the state where Fameuse and Mclntosh succeed best.
Historical. Originated about 1860 at Lynn, Leeds county, Ontario, near Brockville, where it has been locally grown for some years (4, 7). Mr. Harold Jones, Maitland, Ont., Experimenter for Ontario for apples in the
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 197
St. Lawrence river district, has had most to do with bringing this variety to notice as an autumn dessert fruit of value (6), but the report that the variety originated with him is incorrect (7)-
TREE.
Tree vigorous. Form upright. Twigs long, straight, stout; internodes short. Bark dark brown or reddish-brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, pubescent near tips. Lenticels numerous, very conspicuous, medium size, oval, slightly raised. Buds medium size, flat, obtuse, appressed, pubescent.
FRUIT (4, 6).
Fruit medium size. Form roundish inclined to oblate, regular. Stem short, stout to slender. Cavity acute, shallow to deep, moderately wide to wide, sometimes lipped. Calyx closed or open. Basin narrow, shallow, slightly wrinkled or almost wanting.
Core small.
Flesh white, firm, crisp, tender, melting, juicy, mild subacid with a pleasant but not high flavor, very good.
Season fall and early winter.
SCHUYLER SWEET.
REFERENCES, i. Thomas, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1871 149. 2. Rural N. Y., 1871:108. 3. Downing, 1872:31 app.
SYNONYMS. None.
This variety is unknown to us. We have received no report concerning it from any of our correspondents. Thomas gave the following description of it in 1871 (i) : "A large, showy apple, ripening in October, originated on the lands of Rensselaer Schuyler, Seneca Falls, N. Y. Tree in vigor and form resembles the Baldwin, and is productive.
" Fruit large, roundish, inclining to roundish oblate ; pale yellow with a few scattering brown dots ; stalk slender, inserted in a large deep cavity ; calyx closed; basin large, deep, slightly corrugated; flesh whitish, half fine, tender, moderately juicy, pleasant, sweet; quality good to very good; core small."
SCOLLOP GILLIFLOWER.
REFERENCES, i. Kenrick, 1835:73. 2. Elliott, 1854:156. fig. 3. Watts, Horticulturist, 10:98. 1855. 4. Hooper, 1857:83. 5. Warder, 1867:543. 6. Downing, 1869 :348. 7. Downing, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1875 :68. 8. Thomas, 1875:511. 9. Downing, 1876:69, 70, app.
SYNONYMS. Cornish GillMower (3). Five-Quartered Gillifiower (7.. 9). Jellyflowcr (7, 9). Red Gillifiower (3, 5, of some 7 and 9). Ribbed Gilli- flower (7, 9). SCALLOPED GILLYFLOWER (i). SCALLOPED GILLIFLOWER (5). SCOLLOP GILLIFLOWER (2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9). SCOLLOPED GILLIFLOWER (3). Scolloped Gillifiower (6).
An old variety of unknown origin which was formerly grown to some extent in this state but is now practically obsolete. It has sometimes been
198 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
confounded with the Red Gilliflower of Elliott (2) and sometimes with Striped Gilliflower (9). It has been much esteemed in some portions of Ohio (2). Downing describes it as a moderate or poor grower with young shoots much darker colored than those of Striped Gilliflower, the tree more spreading and unproductive and the fruit more ribbed, much darker, rather dull red with broader stripes and splashes, with flesh more yellow, mildly subacid, aromatic, richer in quality and a month or more later in ripening that: Striped Gilliflower (9).
Elliott (2) describes the fruit as " medium to large, roundish conical, flattened at base, tapering toward the eye, sometimes angular, always much ribbed or scolloped ; light yellow, striped and splashed with shades of light and dark red; stem short, slender; cavity deep, russeted, irregular; calyx with long segments; basin abrupt, deep, ribbed; core large, hollow; seeds ovate, rounded; flesh yellowish, firm, crisp, tender, juicy, slight tinge of sweet. November to February."
SCOTT BEST.
REFERENCE, i. Downing, 1869 1349. SYNONYMS. None.
We are unacquainted with this variety and have received no report con- cerning it from any of our correspondents. According to Downing it originated on the farm of Luther Scott, Hinsdale, Cattaraugus county, N. Y. The tree is moderately vigorous, spreading; the fruit medium to large, yel- lowish, shaded and mottled with light red, striped and splashed with crimson ; flesh whitish, fine, tender, subacid, good to very good. Season November and December (i).
SENECA FAVORITE.
REFERENCES, i. Mag. Hort., 19:165. 1853. 2. Warder, 1867:731.
SYNONYMS. None.
A large, attractive, pale yellow apple. It resembles Swaar, but is earlier and larger, and its texture is more crisp.1 It is excellent for dessert as well as for culinary uses. The crop begins to ripen in early autumn, and continues ripening in succession through a period of several weeks. The later fruit may be kept into early winter or midwinter. The tree is of medium size, vigorous, round- headed. It is a desirable variety for the home orchard.
Historical. N. S. Page states2 that the original tree of Seneca Favorite grew upon his father's farm, five miles southwest of Geneva, and was an old tree forty-five years ago. It has been grown to a limited extent as an apple for the home orchard in various localities in Ontario county, particu-
1 Wilson, C. S., Hist, of the Apple in N. Y. State, unpublished thesis Cornell Univ. 1905.
2 Letter, 1905.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 199
larly in the town of Seneca. Downing gives Seneca Favorite as a synonym for Quince1 but the true Seneca Favorite is surely not identical with Quince. It is now seldom propagated.
FRUIT.
Fruit very large to medium, usually large. Form variable, roundish conic to oblong conic, nearly regular but somewhat ribbed and elliptical; axis sometimes oblique ; sides usually unequal. Stem long to medium, moderately slender. Cavity acute, deep, broad, quite strongly furrowed and compressed, usually somewhat russeted. Calyx small to above medium, closed or some- what open; lobes broad, acute to acuminate. Basin very small, shallow or very shallow, narrow, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin rather thick, tough, smooth or slightly roughened by russet dots, at first green but becoming attractive pale yellow often with faint blush which sometimes deepens to a moderately bright rather pinkish-red, not striped. Dots numerous, irregular, large and small, varying from prominent russet to obscure and submerged, often reddish on blushed cheek.
Calyx tube funnel-form usually with long, narrow cylinder but sometimes short. Stamens median to basal.
Core rather large, somewhat abaxile ; cells symmetrical, closed or some- what open; core lines clasping. Carpels elliptical, emarginate, smooth. Seeds numerous, medium to above, dark brown, plump, obtuse to acute.
Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, agree- ably subacid, sprightly, very good.
Season fall and early winter to midwinter.
SHARP.
REFERENCES, i. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., n :6o2. 1893. 2. Ib., Card, and For., 8:428. 1895. 3. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45:311. 1896. 4. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48 :56. 1903. 5. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:144. 1904.
SYNONYMS. None.
This at its best is an excellent dessert fruit of very attractive appearance and very good quality. It is less suitable for most culinary uses because it is mildly subacid or nearly sweet, and it is not a good market variety because very often it is below medium size and not highly colored. It resembles Maiden Blush somewhat in shape and color. In this region it comes in season early in October or late in September. In ordinary storage it commonly reaches its commercial limit in November, but sometimes a portion of the fruit keeps till March. The tree is not a strong grower, but it comes into bearing young and yields full crops biennially.
1 Downing, 1872 :io index, app.
2oo THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
It is distinct from both Sharp Greening and Sharp Russet. Buckman believes that it is the same as the Butler or Butler Sweet of Pennsylvania.1
Historical. Received from Benjamin Buckman, Farmingdale, Illinois, in 1889 for testing at this Station. Mr. Buckman obtained his stock from the Illinois Experiment Station. That Station secured the variety from A. N. Lawver, who received it from Halliday and Son, Baltimore, Maryland.
TREE.
Tree below medium size, a slow grower with short, moderately stout branches. Form upright spreading or roundish, open. Twigs short to below medium, stout to rather slender, straight; internodes medium. Bark dull brown or brownish-red with some olive-green, streaked with thin scarf-skin ; slightly pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium to small, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium size or below medium, prominent, plump, obtuse, free or nearly so, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit often below medium, sometimes above medium, uniform in shape and size. Form roundish oblate to roundish conic, sometimes approaching oblong conic, regular or very faintly ribbed, symmetrical. Stem often very short and not exserted. Cavity usually rather large, acute to acuminate, moderately deep to deep, moderately wide to wide, sometimes very slightly furrowed and often russeted. Calyx small to medium, closed or partly open ; lobes long. Basin moderately shallow to rather deep, moderately wide, abrupt, smooth or sometimes slightly ridged or wrinkled.
Skin attractive pale yellow partly covered with a bright blush. Dots minute, pale or brown.
Calyx tube funnel-form. Stamens median to basal.
Core medium in size, somewhat abaxile ; cells open or closed ; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish or somewhat elliptical, emarginate. Seeds medium or above, moderately long, rather flat, obtuse, dark.
Flesh whitish, moderately firm, fine-grained, tender, crisp, juicy, mild subacid, nearly sweet, very good.
Season late September into October.
SHERMAN.
REFERENCES, i. Rural N. Y., 1870 (cited by 3). 2. Downing, 1872:31 app. 3. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui., 56:281. 1905.
SYNONYMS. SHERMAN (3). SHERMAN'S FAVORITE (2). Sherman's Favorite (3). SHERMAN'S SWEET (i). Sherman's Sweet (2, 3).
A yellow sweet apple of good medium size and mild, rather rich flavor; in season from November to January (2). Downing states that it origi- nated on the farm of E. C. Sherman, Wyoming, N. Y. We have received no report concerning this variety and find no account of its having been grown outside of the place of its origin.
1 Letter, 1895.
SHIAWASSEE
2O2 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
slightly open ; lobes rather short, moderately narrow. Basin rather shallow to moderately deep, rather wide, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, somewhat fur- rowed and wrinkled, often compressed.
Skin rather pale yellow, usually entirely overspread with attractive red, irregularly splashed and striped with carmine. Dots small to medium, grayish.
Calyx tube medium size, moderately wide, conical to short funnel-shape. Stamens median to nearly basal.
Core below medium size, widely abaxile ; cells symmetrical, usually open ; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels cordate to broadly ovate. Seeds rather dark brown, medium size, rather narrow, plump, acute.
Flesh white, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, pleasant subacid, aromatic, rather sprightly, good to very good.
Season October to January.
SINE-QUA-NON.
REFERENCES, i. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :No. 1220. 2. Downing, 1845:76. 3. Thomas, 1849:143. 4. Cole, 1849:103. 5. Waring, 1851:30. 6. Barry, 1851:281. 7. Elliott, 1854:157. 8. Hooper, 1857:84. 9. Gregg, i857:39- 10. Horticulturist, 14:425. 1859. n. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 12. Warder, 1867:732. 13. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296.
SYNONYMS. None.
An August apple of good dessert quality, now seldom found in cultiva- tion. It originated on Long Island and was brought to notice by Win. Prince (2). It was entered on the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in 1862 (n) and dropped from that list in 1871. The tree is a rather slow, crooked grower, in some cases an indifferent bearer (7), in others productive (4, 13). Fruit medium size, roundish ovate, pale greenish- yellow; flesh greenish-white, tender, juicy, mild subacid, sprightly, good; season late August.
SLINGERLAND.
REFERENCES, i. N. Y. Sta. Agr. Soc. Rpt., 1849 :594- 2- Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:42. 1851. col. pi. No. 32. 3. Downing, 1857:189. 4. Warder, 1867:732. 5. Thomas, 1875:512. 6. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296.
SYNONYMS. SLINGERLAND (6). SLINGERLAND'S FALL PIPPIN (2). SLINGER- LAND PIPPIN (i, 3, 4, 5).
An excellent flavored apple of the Green Newtown type in season during late fall and early winter. It is not as good a keeper as Green Newtown. Raised from seed of the Newtown about 1830 by a Mr. Slingerland of New Scotland, Albany county, N. Y. (i, 2).
FRUIT (i, 2, 3).
Fruit medium to large. Form roundish, often oblique. Stem exserted but short. Skin yellow splashed with reddish-orange over the base. Dots minute. Calyx small to medium, partly closed. Core small. Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, firm, tender, juicy, brisk, rather rich subacid, good to very good. Season December to February or later.
SOPS OF WINE
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 203
SOMERSET (N. Y.).
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1869 1356. 2. Downing, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 7 1303. 1870. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1877:14. 4. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881:318. 5. Hoag, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:28. 6. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bui, 129:40, 43. 1896. 7. Mich. Sta. Bui, 152:222, 226. 1898.
SYNONYMS. None.
An early apple of high sprightly flavor. A fine family fruit. The tree is an unusually early bearer, upright spreading, vigorous and productive. Season late August to October (4, 6, 7).
There is a distinct variety of Maine origin which is also called Somerset.
Historical. Brought to notice by C. L. Hoag, Lockport, N. Y. Origin un- known but supposed to be Somerset, Niagara county, N. Y. (2). This variety appears to have been but sparingly disseminated.
FRUIT (2, 5).
Fruit below medium. Form like Black Gilliflower, roundish conical. Skin deep golden-yellow to whitish-yellow with sometimes a few nettings of russet and sparsely sprinkled with brown dots. Flesh quite white, tender, juicy, with a rich aromatic flavor; quality very good or best.
SOPS OF WINE.
REFERENCES, i. Ray, 1688 :No. 21. 2. Knoop, 8:45. 1758. 3. Kenrick, 1832:28. 4. Ib., 1835:98. 5. Floy-Lindley, 1833:25. 6. Downing, 1845:77. 7. Cole, 1849:103. 8. Thomas, 1849:141. 9. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:11, 33. 1851. 10. Barry, 1851:282. n. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 18:545. 1852. fig. 12. Elliott, 1854:157. 13. Gregg, 1857:39. 14. Hooper, 1857:85. 15. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 16. Warder, 1867:615. fig. 17. Downing, 1869: 356. 18. Horticulturist, 27:309. 1872. fig. 19. Fitz, 1872:121, 174. 20. Downing, 1872:10 index, app. 21. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:22. 22. Downing, 1881:11 index, app. 23. Ib., 1881:12 index, app. 24. Hogg, 1884:215. 25. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 47:662. 1888. figs. 26. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 27. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:249. 28. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53 :248. 1894. 29. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45 ^25. 1896. 30. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:309. 1901. 31. Budd-Hansen, 1903:177. fig.
SYNONYMS. Bell's Early? (17). Bell's Favorite (20). Bcnnington (17, 18). Dodge's Early Red (17). Early Washington (22). Hominy (17, 19). Horning (29). Pie Apple (10). Red Shropsavinef (17). RODE WYN APPEL (2). Rode Wyn Appel (5, 6, 9). SAPSON (3). Sapson (6, 9, n, 12, 18). Sapsonvine (3). Shropshirevine (23). SOPS IN WINE (i, 24). Sops in Wine (5, 6, 9, n, 12, 18). SOPS OF WINE (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31). Sops of Wine (24). Strawberry (30). Warden's Pie Apple (17, 18). Washington (17, 18).
A dark crimson apple ; flesh fine, stained with red ; in season in August and September. The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing rather young and is a biennial or nearly annual cropper. Of little value except as a dessert apple for family use.
204 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Historical. "A very ancient English culinary and cider apple" (24). It is frequently listed by nurserymen but is now seldom planted in New York being superseded by other better varieties.
TREE.
Tree medium to large, moderately vigorous to vigorous. Form upright or inclined to roundish, rather dense. Twigs short to rather long, curved, moderately stout ; internodes short. Bark dark brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; heavily pubescent. Lenticels very scattering, small, oblong, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to sometimes large, uniform in shape but not in size. Form roundish to roundish conic, slightly ribbed ; sides unequal. Stem short to rather long, moderately slender. Cavity acute, moderately deep, medium or sometimes narrow, sometimes slightly furrowed, sometimes with thin, radiat- ing russet rays. Calyx medium to rather small, closed or slightly open ; lobes rather short. Basin shallow, narrow, furrowed, somewhat wrinkled.
Skin moderately thin, moderately tender, slightly roughened, greenish- yellow almost . entirely overspread with purplish-red, mottled, irregularly splashed and sometimes indistinctly striped with dark carmine, overspread with thin white bloom. Dots small, few, light russet or yellow.
Calyx' tube short, wide, cone-shape. Stamens marginal to median.
Core medium size, somewhat abaxile ; cells usually symmetrical but not uniformly developed, open to nearly closed ; core lines meeting. Carpels broad ovate, rather concave, mucronate, tufted. Seeds rather large or me- dium size, moderately wide, plump, obtuse.
Flesh yellowish often stained with pink, soft, fine, juicy, aromatic, mild, pleasant, subacid, good.
Season August to October.
SOUR BOUGH.
REFERENCE, i. Downing, 1869:357.
SYNONYMS. None.
This-, is an old Westchester county variety which, according to Dow-ning, is of medium size, roundish conic, yellow with whitish, brisk subacid flesh, good for cooking. Season, September. " Often knotty and unprofitable" (i).
The name Sour Bough has also been applied sometimes to the Champlain; see page 30; and also to the Tart Bough; see page 220.
SPECTATOR.
REFERENCE, i. Downing, 1869:357. SYNONYMS. None.
SOUR BOUGH
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 205
Originated with J. W. Bailey, Plattsburg, N. Y. According to Down- ing (i) this is an apple of medium size, ribbed, yellow, shaded with red in the sun ; flesh white, subacid, hardly good ; season September. The variety is unknown to us.
STARKEY.
REFERENCES, i. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1875:65. 2. Downing, 1876:69 app. 3. Thomas, 1885:524. 4. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:133. 5. Am. Pom Soc. Cat., 1897:14. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903:179.
SYNONYMS. None.
Fruit of good size, fair, well colored, largely striped and splashed with red, pleasant subacid, excellent for dessert or culinary use. Season, October to midwinter. In Maine, where it originated, it is said to be popular in market. It has not been sufficiently tested to determine its value for this state, but it appears to be worthy of testing. Tree a hardy and vigorous grower in the nursery, becom- ing rather large and spreading in the orchard; comes into bearing rather young and is a good biennial cropper.
Historical. Originated on the farm of Moses Starkey, North Vassalboro, Kennebec county, Me.
TREE.
Tree medium to rather large, moderately vigorous to vigorousv with long, moderately stout, curved branches. Form spreading or roundish, open. Tzvigs medium to long, stout, geniculate, often irregularly crooked; inter- nodes long to below medium. Bark brownish-red mingled sometimes with olive-green, irregularly mottled with scarf-skin ; pubescent near tips. Len- ticels scattering, inconspicuous, medium size or below, round, raised. Buds medium to large, prominent, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to rather large. Form oblate or oblate conical, regular or faintly ribbed, symmetrical. Stem medium length. Cavity medium size, rather shallow, partly covered with greenish russet. Calyx large, closed or nearly so. Basin medium size, shallow, somewhat wrinkled.
Skin pale yellow, washed or deeply blushed with lively red, splashed and striped with carmine. Dots pale gray or russet. Prevailing effect red.
Calyx' tube conical or somewhat funnel-form.
Core rather small.
Flesh whitish, firm, rather fine, juicy, crisp, pleasant, lively subacid, be- coming mild subacid, very good.
Season October to January.
206 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
STARR.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 6:347. 1869. fig. 2. Down- ing, 1869:360. 3. Thomas, 1875:512. 4. Hexamer, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1895 70. 5. Rural N. Y., 54 :s8;. 1895. 6. Parry, Wm., Parry, N. J., Cat., 1896.
SYNONYMS. None.
Fruit large, very attractive for a green or yellowish apple, and very good in quality, especially for dessert use. Season, August and September. The tree is a pretty good grower, comes into bearing young and as tested at this Station gives promise of being an annual bearer. Starr appears to be worthy of testing where a fruit of this type is desired.
Historical. The original tree was found on the grounds of Judge J. M. White, Woodbury, N. J., which property afterward came into the possession of Mrs. Starr. The propagation of the variety was begun by Wm. Parry in 1865 under the name of Starr (6). So far as we can learn it has been but little planted in New York.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with short, moderately stout, curved branches. Form upright spreading or roundish, rather dense. Twigs long, curved, stout with large terminal buds ; internodes long. Bark brownish-red, tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lcnticcls quite numerous, medium size, round, not raised. Buds prominent, large, long, broad, plump, acute, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit very large to large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form dis- tinctly oblate to roundish oblate, regular or faintly ribbed. Stem short to medium, moderately thick, sometimes swollen. Cavity acute, varying from a little obtuse to somewhat acuminate, shallow to medium, broad, smooth or gently furrowed. Calyx medium size, closed, lobes long to medium, rather narrow, acuminate. Basin medium in depth, narrow, abrupt, some- what furrowed.
Skin rather thick, tough, nearly smooth, green becoming yellowish-green, sometimes with indications of a faint blush. Dots numerous, small and large, pale or russet.
Calyx tube long, very wide to moderately wide, conical to cylindrical and large, extending to the core. Stamens nearly marginal.
Core medium to rather large, abaxile to nearly axile ; cells closed or slightly open; core lines clasping. Carpels obovate, sometimes tufted. Seeds dark brown, medium to large, rather wide, plump, acute to nearly acuminate.
Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately fine, very tender, crisp, very juicy, sprightly subacid, aromatic, very good.
Season August and September.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 207
STILLMAN EARLY.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1857:193. 2. Thomas, 1875:512. 3. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:298. SYNONYMS. STILLMAN (3) . STILLMAN'S EARLY (i, 2).
This variety originated in Clinton, Oneida county, N. Y. Downing (i) states that the tree is a moderate grower and productive ; the fruit small, yel- low, sometimes slightly blushed ; flesh pleasant subacid, good ; season late July and early August. We are unacquainted with this variety and have re- ceived no report concerning it from any of our correspondents.
STRAWBERRY.
This name has been applied to a great many different varieties of the apple. Those mentioned in this volume are listed below :
Autumn Strawberry, see Late Strawberry. Chenango Straw- berry, see Chenango. Early Strawberry. Fall Strawberry, see Late Strawberry. Late Strawberry. St. Johns Strawberry, see Early Strawberry. Strawberry, see Chenango, Early Strawberry, Late Strawberry and Richard Graft. Washington Strawberry.
STRIPED GILLIFLOWER.
REFERENCES, i. Warder, 1867 :6g6. fig. 2. Downing, 1876 :6g app. 3. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:250. 4. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui., 45:342. 1896. 5. Thomas, 1897:654. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903:181.
SYNONYMS. Red Gilliflower (2). Scollop Gillinower, incorrectly (2). Striped Bellflower (2). STRIPED GILLIFLOWER (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).
This variety appears to be practically obsolete in New York. The tree is a vigorous grower and generally productive (2).
FRUIT (i, 2, 6).
Fruit large to very large. Form variable roundish conic to oblong conic, often furrowed, angular, but less ribbed than Scollop Gilliflower. Stem short, curved. Cavity acute, deep, wide, furrowed, brown or russeted. Calyx large, closed or partly open; lobes erect. Basin shallow, abrupt.
Skin yellowish-white or greenish, partly covered with dull red, striped and splashed with carmine. Dots few, indistinct, gray or white.
Calyx tube cone-shape. Stamens median.
Core sessile, abaxile, large; cells wide open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels tufted. Seeds few, small, roundish, plump, obtuse, black.
Flesh yellowish-white, breaking, juicy, briskly subacid, fair to good.
Season September.
2o8 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
STROAT.
REFERENCES, i. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826 :476. 2. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :No. 1256. 3. Kenrick, 1832 139. 4. Downing, 1845 197. 5. Horticulturist, 2:545. 1848. 6. Thomas, 1849:158. 7. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:38. 1851. 8. Elliott, 1854:158. 9. Hooper, 1857:87.
SYNONYMS. STRAAT (2, 3). Straat (4, 8, 9). STROAT (i, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9).
Stroat was formerly much esteemed among the descendants of the Dutch settlers on the North river (4). The fruit is described as above medium, roundish inclined to conic, yellowish-green; flesh yellow, very tender, rich, brisk subacid, good to very good; season September to November or De- cember (4, 6, 8).
We have not seen this fruit nor has it been mentioned by any of our cor- respondents.
STRODE BIRMINGHAM.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1857:193. 2. Warder, 1867:733. 3. Pa. Sta. Hort. Assn. Rpt., 1886:50. 4. Powell and Fulton, U. S. P. B. I. Bui, 48:57. 1903. 5. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:145. 1904.
SYNONYMS. Dumpling (3). STRODE (4, 5). Strode' s (i). STROBE'S BIRMINGHAM (i, 2, 3). Strode' s Birmingham (4, 5).
A medium-sized yellow apple of mild subacid flavor and good quality. Commercial limit September. For home use it is in season in September and October and a few specimens may be kept till January (5). It is reported as a desirable variety for market and general purposes in Pennsyl- vania (3). The tree comes into bearing rather young and is productive yielding moderate to good crops nearly annually. As compared with stand- ard varieties of its season it does not appear to be worthy of the atten- tion of New York fruit growers.
FRUIT.
Fruit of medium size ; uniform in size and shape. Form roundish conic or inclined to oblong, regular or faintly ribbed; sides unequal. Stem long, slender. Cavity acute to almost acuminate, usually rather deep, medium in width, symmetrical, russeted. Calyx medium to small, closed or partly open; lobes medium in length and width, acute, reflexed. Basin shallow, narrow to medium in width, obtuse, furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thin, tender, smooth, clear yellow or greenish, often with faint blush and marked with russet flecks. Dots scattering, very minute, submerged, inconspicuous, red or russet.
Calyx tube short, wide, urn-shape to broadly conical. Stamens nearly basal.
Core medium to small, axile ; cells almost closed ; core lines meeting. Carpels broadly ovate to oblong narrowing toward either end, deeply emar- ginate. Seeds dark dull brown, medium to large, wide, plump, broadly acute, tufted.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 209
Flesh yellowish, rather firm, fine, rather crisp, tender, juicy, brisk subacid becoming mild and pleasant when fully mature, good to very good. Season September to early winter.
STUMP.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1881:110 app. fig. 2. Barry, 1883:341. 3. Thomas, 1885:525. 4. Pa. Sta. Hort. Assn. Rpt., 1885:25. 5. Can. Hort., ii :8. 1888. 6. Rural N. Y., 47:692. 1888. figs. 7- Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:250. 8. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:255. 1895. 9. Beach, Card, and For., 8:428. 1895. 10. Kan. Sta. Bui, 106:55. 1902. n. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:145, 1904.
SYNONYMS. None.
This very beautiful apple resembles Chenango in form, size and general appearance. In Western New York it is by some con- sidered a good variety for commercial planting, but others find diffi- culty in marketing it with profit, since it is esteemed chiefly for dessert purposes and ripens at a season when there is compara- tively little demand for apples, and shows bruises so readily that it. is not well adapted for barrelling. It may be marketed in local markets or shipped in small packages. The crop ripens unevenly, and on this account should have more than one picking in order to secure the fruit in prime condition. It begins to ripen in late August or early September. Its commercial limit is September or early October, but its season for home use , extends to Novem- ber (n). The trees are upright, compact and stocky, so that they may stand closer together than common varieties in the orchard, or be used for alternating with more spreading trees. They are hardy, long-lived, and reliable croppers, yielding good to heavy crops biennially. The fruit is borne on short spurs close to the limbs. It is recommended for planting in the garden and commer- cial orchard where a variety of this type is desired.
Historical. Originated as a chance seedling in an old stump on the grounds of John Prue, Chili, N. Y. (i). It appears that it has been planted more in Western New York than in any other section of the state.
TREE.
Tree a slow, stiff, upright grower in the nursery, apt to crack at the collar, not popular with nurserymen ; in the orchard it becomes a moderately vig- orous or vigorous grower; branches long, moderately stout, curved, filled
2io THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
with fruit spurs. Form very upright but eventually somewhat roundish. Twigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout ; internodes medium. Bark brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin ; pubescent. Lenti- cels numerous, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium or below, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish conic to oblong conic, regular or faintly ribbed; sides sometimes unequal. Stem very short, variable in thickness. Cavity acute or approaching obtuse, usu- ally rather shallow, medium in width to rather broad, unsymmetrical, fre- quently furrowed, sometimes lipped, partly russeted. Calyx medium to small, slightly open or closed; lobes short, rather narrow, acute. Basin shallow, narrow, abrupt.
Skin smooth, clear pale yellow largely washed and mottled with bright pinkish-red, becoming deep red in highly-colored specimens, rather indis- tinctly striped and splashed with bright carmine. Dots numerous, rather large, areolar with russet point or with whitish point. Prevailing effect red and yellow contrasting beautifully.
Calyx tube broadly conical with fleshy pistil point projecting into the base. Stamens basal.
Core below medium to rather large, usually abaxile ; cells open ; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels elongated ovate tapering toward base and apex. Seeds rather dark brown, medium to small, usually very wide, short, very plump, obtuse to acute.
Flesh whitish or tinged with yellow, rather fine, tender, juicy, rich, aro- matic, sprightly, pleasant subacid, very good.
Season September and October.
STYMUS.
REFERENCES, i. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1867 (cited by 3). 2. Downing, 1869 -.365. 3. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56 1298. 1905. SYNONYMS. Stymer's (3). STYMUS (i, 2, 3).
This variety was described by Downing in 1869 as a new and really ex- cellent apple which originated on the farm of Jacob Stymus, Dobbs Ferry, N. Y. (2). Fruit medium size, yellowish, shaded, splashed and striped with light and dark crimson ; flesh fine, tender, pleasant subacid, very good ; season October and November.
We are unacquainted with this variety and have received no report con- cerning it from any of our correspondents.
SUFFOLK BEAUTY.
REFERENCE, i. Downing, 1869 1365. SYNONYMS. None.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 211
Described -in 1869 by Downing (i) as a new variety from Deer Park, Long Island. Fruit medium, yellowish- white ; flesh subacid; season August and September.
This variety' is unknown to us and we have received no report concerning it from any of our correspondents.
SUMMER BELLFLOWER.
REFERENCES, i. Horticulturist, 3:168. 1848. fig. 2. Thomas, 1849:143. 3. Cole, 1849:104. 4. Waring, 1851:31. 5. Elliott, 1854:159. 6. Downing, 1857:196. 7. Warder, 1867:733. 8. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1875:14.
SYNONYMS. SUMMER BELLEFLEUR (i, 8). Summer Belle-fieur (5). SUM- MER BELLFLOWER (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). Summer Bellfiower (i).
This fruit bears considerable resemblance in form and color to Yellow Bellflower. Flesh tender, subacid, good. It is in season from the middle of August to the middle of September. The tree is erect, of medium size, a good grower, hardy and a good cropper. It is not considered a satisfactory variety for commercial planting and so far as we can learn is gradually be- coming obsolete in New York. Downing described it in 1848 as a new vari- ety of promise and stated that it was raised by John R. Comstock of Wash- ington, Dutchess county, N. Y., from seed of the Esopus Spitzenburg (i, 6). It was entered on the list of the American Pomological Society in 1875 as a variety of value for Nebraska (8). It was dropped from that list in 1897.
A distinct variety of Pennsylvania origin has also been known under the name Summer Bellflower (6, 7).
SUMMER PEARMAIN.
REFERENCES, i. M'Mahon, Amer. Card. Cal., 1806:585. 2. Coxe, 1817: 104. fig. 3. Cobbett, 1821 :par. 300. 4. Thacher, 1822:138. 5. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:476. 6. Fessenden, 1828:129. 7. Kenrick, 1832:25. 8. Mag. Hort., i :398. 1835. 9- Manning, 1838 :47. 10. Ib., Mag. Hort., ^ : 49. 1841. ii. Downing, 1845:70. 12. Horticulturist, 2:544. 1848. 13. Thomas, 1849:136. fig. 14. Cole, 1849:103. 15. Phoenix, Horticulturist, 4:472. 1850. 16. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:11. 1851. fig. 17. Barry, 1851 :279. 18. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 19. Elliott, 1854 :64. fig. 20. Hooper, 1857:12, 106, 108. 21. Gregg, 1857:35. 22. Warder, 1867:582. fig. 23. Downing, 1869:78. fig. 24. Fitz, 1872:143, 160. 25. Hogg, 1884:7. 26. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:298. 27. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:234. 28. Ib., 1892:250. 29. Budd-Hansen, 1903:182. fig.
SYNONYMS. AMERICAN PEARMAIN (19). American Pearmain (20). American Summer (26). AMERICAN SUMMER PEARMAIN (7, 8, n, 12, T3, 14, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27). American Summer Pearmain (19, 29). EARLY SUMMER PEARMAIN (2, 5, 6). Early Summer Pearmain (7, n, 14, 16, 19, 23, 25, of Coxe 13). SUMMER PEARMAIN (i, 3, 4, 9, 10, 15, 18, 26, 28, 29). Summer Pearmain (14). Watkins Early (19,20),
212 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
An amateur fruit which when perfect is beautiful and of mild, rich, excel- lent flavor (26). The tree being of slender, slow growth in the nursery is not a favorite with nurserymen and although it makes a large productive tree in the orchard it is not profitable as a market variety (22). It is de- sirable for family use because the fruit is suitable both for culinary and dessert purposes and the crop ripens in succession through a period of nearly two months.
There is also another Summer Pearmain or English Summer Pearmain which ripens somewhat later.1
Historical. Supposed to be of American origin. It is an old variety; first described in 1817 by Coxe.
FRUIT (n, 14, 22, 23).
Fruit of medium size. Form variable, oblong or roundish inclined to conic, sometimes oblate. Stem medium to long. Cavity deep, acute, regular. Calyx large, open or closed. Basin medium size, abrupt, slightly wrinkled.
Skin smooth, greenish-yellow, more or less covered with dull purplish-red, marbled, splashed and striped with brighter red. Dots minute.
Core medium to small, roundish ; cells closed. Seeds small, pointed.
Flesh yellowish, very fine, tender, almost melting, juicy, aromatic, crisp, mild subacid, best.
Season August and September.
SUMMER QUEEN.
REFERENCES, i. M'Mahon, Amer. Card. Cal., 1806:584. 2. Coxe, 1817: 102. 3. Thacher, 1822:133. 4. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:476 5. Wilson, 1828:136. 6. Kenrick, 1832:28. 7. Manning, 1838:46. 8. Downing, 1845:77. 9. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:489. 1848. fig. 10. Thomas, 1849:141.
11. Cole, 1849:103. 12. Barry, 1851:282. 13. Waring, 1851:28. 14. Em- mons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:14. 1851. 15. Elliott, 1854:158. 16. Hooper, 1857:88, 107. 17. Gregg, 1857:39. 18. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1860:240. 19. Warder, 1867:545. fig. 20. Downing, 1869:370. fig. 21. Fitz, 1872:143, 161. 22. ///. Hort. Soc. Rpi., 1874:295. 23. Wickson, 1889:243. 24. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:298. 25. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:250. 26. Budd- Hansen, 1903:183. fig.
SYNONYMS. Lancaster Queen (15, 20). Polecat (20). QUEEN (3, 13). Queen (6). Sharpe's Early (20). SUMMER QUEEN (2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n,
12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26). Summer Queen (3, 13). SWEET'S HARVEST (i). Sweet's Harvest (3, 4, 6). Swett's Harvest (2).
A striped red apple of good size and excellent quality for culinary use, in season during late summer. In regions farther west it is a very popular variety for home use and is also considered by some desirable for market. The tree is a moderate grower with rather spreading habit and productive, yielding good crops almost annually.
Historical. This is an old variety which is supposed to have originated in this country (4, 19, 26). It is commonly listed by nurserymen in most parts
IRagan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui., 66:300. 1905.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 213
of the country (25). So far as we have been able to learn it is not often grown in New York and is now seldom planted in this state.
FRUIT (10, 12, 15, 19).
Fruit medium to large. Form roundish conical, somewhat angular. Stem medium to long, slender. Cavity narrow to rather wide, regular, pretty deep. Calyx medium to large, open or closed. Basin shallow or none, furrowed.
Skin yellow, striped, splashed and shaded with mixed red. Dots minute, yellow.
Core medium size; cells open. Seeds numerous, acute, brown.
Flesh whitish-yellow, sometimes with tinge of pink, firm, aromatic, juicy, subacid, good to very good for culinary use.
Season August and September.
SUMMER RAMBO.
REFERENCES, i. Switzer, 1725 (cited by 7). 2. Duhamel, 1:28. 1768. 3. Forsyth, 1803:49. 4. Coxe, 1817:104. fig. 5. Forsyth, 1824:123. 6. Ken- rick, 1832:37. 7. Floy-Lindley, 1833:12. 8. Manning, 1838:47. 9. Downing, 1845:94. 10. Thomas, 1849:141. n. Elliott, 1854:178. 12. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 13. Warder, 1867:733. 14. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1871:10. 15. Leroy, 1873:598. fig. 16. Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:76. 17. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:298. 18. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:250. 19. (?) Revue Horticole, 66:202. 1894. 20. Taylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1895:199. 21. Bnrrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45 :337. 1896.
SYNONYMS. Cambour des Lorrains (15). Charmant Blanc (15). De Lor- raine (15). DC Rambourg (15). De Rambure (15). De Notre-Dame (15). FRANK RAMBOUR (i, 7). Frank Rambour (9). Grosh (16). Gros-Rambour d'Ete (15). Herbstbreitling (15). Lothringer Rambour d'Ete (15). Pommc de Notre-Dame (6). RAMBOUR (3). Rambour (15, 17). Rambour Blanc (15). (RAMBOUR D'AMERIQUE, 19)? RAMBOUR D'ETE (4, 8, 15). Rambour d'Ete (6, 9, 10, n). RAMBOUR FRANC (2, 5, 6, 9, 12). Rambour Franc (4, 7, 10, n, 15, 21 ). Rambourg Aigre (15). Rambour Gros (7, of the English 6). Rambour Rayc (6, 15). Rambu (15). Rcmboure d'Ete (15). SUMMER RAMBO (13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21). Summer Rambo (n). SUMMER RAM- HOUR (10, n). Summer Rambour (4, 9).
Fruit of the type of Grosh ; very attractive in size, form and color ; large, oblate, yellowish-green considerably striped and splashed with mixed red, good to very good. Season early autumn. Begins to ripen about a month earlier than Grosh. The tree is a strong grower, comes into bearing young and bears quite regularly yielding moderate to good crops. Although it has long been known in cultivation in this country it has not gained much recognition among New York fruit growers. The fine color and size of this variety combined with its comparatively good quality recommend it for home use or local market. It is an old variety and has been tested in many parts of the United States but its cultivation has never become extensive. These facts would indicate that it has weaknesses not apparent to the casual observer. Possibly it is worthy of further trial in this state.
214 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Historical. This variety is said to have originated in France (15) It has long been known in this country having been described by Coxe in 1817, and Kenrick in 1832 (4, 6). It was listed in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society under the name Rambour Franc from 1862 to 1871 (12, 14, 20). It is still listed by nurserymen (18). It is comparatively little known in New York state but is more often found in cultivation in Ohio and regions farther west.
TREE.
Tree vigorous. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs moder- ately long, curved, moderately stout ; internodes medium. Bark brown, tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin ; slightly pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit large to very large, uniform in size and shape. Form oblate to roundish oblate, sometimes slightly ovate, sometimes faintly ribbed, pretty regular; sides often unequal. Stem short to medium, rather thick. Cavity nearly acuminate, deep to medium in depth, rather broad, usually symmetri- cal, sometimes lipped, sometimes slightly russeted close to the stem. Calyx rather large, closed or sometimes slightly open ; lobes medium to short, rather narrow, acute to obtuse. Basin deep to sometimes medium, wide to medium in width, abrupt, smooth, symmetrical.
Skin thick, tough, smooth, attractive clear bright yellow or greenish, in well colored specimens largely washed and mottled with lively pinkish-red, conspicuously marked with many broken stripes and splashes of bright car- mine. Dots numerous, usually small and submerged, but some are scattering, large, browrn or russet. Prevailing effect striped.
Calyx tube medium in length, rather wide, broadly conical. Stamens median to marginal.
Core rather small, axile ; cells nearly closed ; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels roundish to roundish ovate approaching elliptical. Seeds frequently abortive, rather large, wide, plump, acute, moderately dark brown.
Flesh yellowish-green, firm, breaking, coarse, tender, very juicy, mildly subacid, somewhat aromatic, good.
Season September to November.
SUMMER REDSTREAK.
REFERENCE, i. Downing, 1869 :37i. SYNONYMS. None.
A September apple which originated in Columbia county, N. Y. According to Downing (i) the tree is moderately vigorous and productive. The fruit medium, yellowish, shaded, striped and splashed with rich red; flesh white, sometimes a little stained next the skin, brisk subacid, valued for cooking.
We have neither seen this variety nor received any report concerning it.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 215
SUMMER ROSE.
REFERENCES, i. M'Mahon, Amer. Card. Cal, 1806:584. 2. Coxe, 1817: 103. fig. 3- Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:476. 4. Wilson, 1828:136. 5. Fessenden, 1828:131. 6. Kenrick, 1832:29. 7. Manning, 1838:47. 8. Downing, 1845 77. 9. Horticulturist, 2 :483. 1848. 10. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1848:277. fig. n. Thomas, 1849:141. 'fig. 12. Cole,. 1849:101. fig. 13. Waring, 1851 131. 14. Barry, 1851 :282. 15. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 16. Elliott, 1854:107. fig. 17. Gregg, 1857:39. 18. Hooper, 1857:87. 19. Horticulturist, 14:425. 1859. 20. Warder, 1867:616. 21. Fitz, 1872:143, 1 60. 22. III. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1875:112. 23. Downing, 1881:11 index, app. 24. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1887 :63O. col. pi. 25. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:298. 26. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:250. 27. Alwood, Pa. Sta. Bui., 130:122. 1901. 28. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:309. 1901. 29. Far- rand, Mich. Sta. Bui., 205:46. 1903. 30. Budd-Hansen, 1903:183. fig.
SYNONYMS. French Reinette (10). Harvest Apple (2, 3, 6). Lippincott (10, 13, 16). Lodge's Early (23). SUMMER ROSE (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 1 8, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30). Wolman's Harvest (16). Woolman's Early (n, 14, 17). WOOLMAN'S HARVEST (i). Woolman's Harvest (8, 10, 16). Woolman's Striped Harvest (n).
A little dessert apple. Thomas rated it better in quality for the table than Early Harvest but less productive and too small for general value (n). The tree is a moderately vigorous or slow grower but is hardy, comes into bearing young and is productive. Suitable for culinary use in July, ripe in August.
Historical. This is an old New Jersey apple which Coxe described as of singular beauty and excellent for both eating and stewing; the size is mod- erate, the form flat, the skin smooth, of a beautiful yellow resembling wax, blended with red in streaks and blotches (2). It is still occasionally listed by nurserymen (26) but is now seldom or never planted in New York.
FRUIT (8, n, 16, 20, 23, 30).
Fruit small to nearly medium. Form roundish, somewhat oblate. Stem rather short to medium, varying from stout to slender. Cavity shallow, acute, regular. Calyx small, closed or partly open. Basin regular, wide, abrupt, slightly furrowed.
Skin smooth, waxen, very pale yellow, striped and splashed distinctly with bright red and carmine on the exposed cheek. Dots minute.
Core medium to large ; cells closed ; core lines meeting. Seeds ovate, nu- merous, short, plump.
Flesh white, fine-grained, crisp, very tender, sprightly, juicy, subacid, agree- able but not rich, suitable for either culinary or dessert use.
SUMMER SPITZENBURG.
REFERENCE. io Downing, 1872 :36 app. fig.
SYNONYMS. French Spitzenburgh (i). SUMMER SPITZENBURGH (i).
This is a September apple of attractive color. It is but little grown in New York. The tree is large, upright or roundish, a good grower, hardy,
2i 6 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
long-lived and reliably productive yielding good crops biennially. It is not considered valuable for commercial planting because the fruit is apt to be undersized and drops badly. By some it is esteemed for home use.
Historical. Downing states that it originated with Woolsey Ostrander, Plattekill, Ulster county, N. Y. (i).
FRUIT (i).
Fruit medium, whitish almost covered with red and overspread with thin bloom. Flesh moderately juicy, a little aromatic, good to very good. Season August and September.
SUMMER SWEET.
REFERENCES, i. Mag. Hort., 14 1388. 1848. fig. 2. Cole, 1849 197. 3. Hooper, 1857 -.87. 4. Downing, 1869 1372.
SYNONYMS. SUMMER SWEET (2, 3, 4). SUMMER SWEETING (i).
A yellow sweet apple ripe in August and September. The tree is of me- dium size, moderately vigorous, spreading, productive. Fruit medium size, roundish oblate inclined to conic; flesh whitish, tender, rich, sweet (2, 4).
Historical. An old Connecticut apple (i, 2, 4) now but very seldom found in cul'Vation in New York.
SWEET BOUGH.
REFERENCES, i. (?) Amer. Card. Cal., 1806:584. 2. Coxe, 1817:101. fig. 3. (?) Thacher, 1822:121. 4. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:477. 5. Wil- son, 1828:136. 6. Fessenden, 1828:131. 7. Kenrick, 1832:26. 8. Floy-Lind- ley, 1833:84. 9. Manning, 1838:46. 10. Downing, 1845:74. n. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:486. 1848. iig. 12. Cole, 1849:99. 13. Thomas, 1849:135. 14. Phoenix, Horticulturist, 4:472. 1850. 15. Barry, 1851:279. 16. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 17. Elliott, 1854:109. fig. 18. Hooper, 1857 :20. 19. Ib.f 1857:107, in. 20. Gregg, 1857:35. 21. Warder, 1867:494. fig. 22. Down- ing, 1869:250. 23. Fitz, 1872:143. 24. Ib., 1872:161. 25. Leroy, 1873:154. fig. 26. Downing, 1881:11 index, app. 27. Hogg, 1884:129. 28. Wickson, 1889:243. 29. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:235. 30. Ib., 1892:243. 31. Ib., 1892: 250. 32. Amer. Card., 15 :4O4. 1894. fig. 33. Taylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1895:192. 34. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bui., 143:200, 202. 1897. 35. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 4:4. 1897. figs. 36. Beach, W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1901 76. 37. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :55.
SYNONYMS. August Sweet (22). August Sweeting (12). Autumn Bough (11). BOUGH (4, 5, 11, 13, 24, 25, 29, 34). Bough (7, 10, 12, 17, 22, 27). BOUGH APPLE (2, 6, 8, 20). BOUGH, Early Sweet (18). BOUGH, Szveet (37). (Bow APPLE i, 3) ? EARLY BOUGH (7, 9). Early Bough (n, 25, 27). Early French Reinette (4). Early Sweet Bough (10, n, 13, 17, 22). Early Sweet- heart (36). LARGE BOUGH (21). LARGE EARLY BOUGH (28). Large Early Yellow Bough (27). LARGE SWEET BOUGH (19, 30). Large Szveet Bough (15). LARGE YELLOW BOUGH (10, 16, 22, 23, 26, 27, 33). Large Yellow
SWEET BOUGH
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 217
Bough (11, 13, 15, 17, 20, 21, 25, 30, 31, 34, 35, 37). Macfc Pippin (17). Pound's July (26). SWEET BOUGH (12, 14, 17, 31, 32, 35, 36). Sweet Bough (7, 13, 20, 22, 24, 25, 27, 33, 34). Sweetbough (28). Sweet Harvest (10, n, 17, 22, 25, 27). Yellow Bough (12). Washington (17, 25, incorrectly 22).
This variety is a universal favorite throughout the state for the home orchard. Hovey ( 1 1 ) well says of it : " The Bough is one of cur finest summer apples, having all the good qualities which should recommend a fruit for general cultivation. The tree is moderately vigorous, making a handsome head, and bears abundant crops of large, very fair fruit, which begins to ripen the last of July, and remains in eating till the first of September. As a table apple, it will not rank as high as the Early Harvest; but, as a kitchen fruit, in its honied sweetness and tender flesh, it has no equal of its season. It should be found in every good collection."
It is handled to a limited extent in local markets, but is too soft to stand shipping to distant markets. It cannot be ranked among the profitable commercial varieties. The tree comes into bearing rather young, and under favorable conditions is long-lived, speci- mens being found sixty to eighty years old which are still quite pro- ductive. In unfavorable locations the tree is sometimes injured by winter, and the branches are attacked somewhat by the apple canker.
Historical. This was described by Coxe in 1817 under the name Bough apple (2) It is evidently of American origin.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading to roundish, dense. Twigs short, straight, moderately stout with large terminal buds; internodes short. Bark clear brown mingled with olive-green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin ; not pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, round, not raised. Buds medium in size, plump, acute, free, not pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium to large, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish conic or ovate to sometimes slightly oblong conic with broad and rather flat base, pretty regular ; sides often unequal. Stem short to medium, moder- ately thick, usually not exserted. Cavity acuminate, deep, rather broad, some- times furrowed or compressed, usually smooth. Calyx small to medium, closed or partly open; lobes often leafy, sometimes separated at base, long,
218 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
narrow, acute. Basin rather small, medium to rather shallow, narrow, a little abrupt, smooth or slightly wrinkled.
Skin rather thick, tough, smooth, pale greenish-yellow often changing to yellowish-white, sometimes faintly blushed. Dots numerous, small, often light colored and submerged, sometimes russet.
Calyx tube long, wide at top, conical to funnel-shape. Stamens median.
Core rather large to medium, abaxile to nearly axile ; cells closed or open ; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish to cordate, slightly emarginate, slightly tufted. Seeds light brown, medium to rather small, plump, acute.
Flesh white, moderately firm, fine, somewhat crisp, very tender, juicy, sweet, slightly aromatic, good to very good.
Season August and early September.
SWEET FALL PIPPIN.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1857:192. 2. Warder, 1867:733. 3. Thomas,
1875:513-
SYNONYMS. None.
A large, greenish-yellow apple, good either for dessert or for culinary uses ; in season from October to January. The tree is large, spreading, vigorous to very vigorous, hardy and a reliable cropper yielding good crops annually or nearly annually. It is not a good variety for commercial plant- ing. Downing refers to it as being grown in Westchester county (i). It is also occasionally found in Western New York. We do not find it listed by nurserymen and it is gradually going out of cultivation.
SWEET RUSSET.
REFERENCES, i. Warder, 1867 :528. fig. 2. Downing, 1869 1377. 3. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:250.
SYNONYMS. Summer Russet (2). SWEET RUSSET (i, 2, 3).
A small roundish or oblate apple, yellow, mostly covered with light russet tinged with red in the sun, juicy, sweet, very good; season September and October. Tree large, spreading and drooping, a moderately vigorous grower, hardy, long-lived and usually a reliable cropper yielding good crops bien- nially. Origin unknown. It was at one time disseminated by Parsons and Company, Flushing, N. Y.
The name Sweet Russet has also been applied to the variety described as Pumpkin Russet on page 170.
SWITZER.
REFERENCES, i. Hoskins, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880:50. 2. ///. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881 155. 3. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883 191. 4. Gibb, la. Hort. Soc.-Rpt., 1883:436. 5. la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1885:12. No. 304. 6. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:16. 7. Can. Hort., 12:344. 1889. 8. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1889:14. 9. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1890:18. No. 304. 10.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 219
Can. Hort., 13:216. 1890. n. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1890:418. col. pi. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:251. 13. Amer. Card., 13:639. 1892. 14. Can. Hort., 16:359. 1893. 15. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53:279. 1894. 16. Amer. Card., 16:332, 412. 1895. fig. 17. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:255. 1895. 18. Can. Hort., 20:183, 4:2- 1897. 19. Amer. Card., 19:652. 1898. 20. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1901 :98. 21. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76:103. 1902. 22. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:85. 1902. 23. Budd- Hansen, 1903:186. fig. 24. Thomas, 1903:303.
SYNONYMS. SUISLEPPER (3, 4). Suislepper (5). SWITZER (i, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, u, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24). Switzer (3, 4).
When well grown this is a very handsome fruit of medium size or below, nearly white with beautiful blush. It is very good in flavor and quality either for dessert or culinary uses. As fruited at this Station the tree comes into bearing rather early and is a fairly reliable cropper yielding pretty good crops biennially. As compared with standard varieties of its season it does not appear to merit the attention of New York fruit growers.
Historical. A Russian apple imported by the U. S. Department of Agri- culture in 1870. It was received in 1888 for testing at this Station from T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vt.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with short, moderately stout, curved and crooked branches. Form spreading, rather flat, open. Twigs short, curved, stout with large terminal buds ; internodes medium. Bark dark brown, streaked with heavy scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, round, not raised. Buds large, prominent, broad, plump, obtuse, free, heavily pubes- cent.
FRUIT.
Fruit below medium to above medium. Form roundish or oblate, regular. Stem medium to rather long, rather slender. Cavity acuminate, moderately shallow, narrow, lightly russeted with thin, greenish-russet. Calyx small, closed ; lobes medium in length, narrow, acute. Basin shallow or almost none, narrow to wide, furrowed, often wrinkled.
Skin clear white or becoming yellowish, washed with bright pink which often deepens to crimson. Dots whitish, obscure.
Calyx tube variable, elongated conical to cylindrical or funnel-form. Stamens median to somewhat basal.
Core large, axile; cells closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels round, deeply emarginate. Seeds large, dark brown, medium in width, long.
Flesh white, firm, fine, juicy, mild subacid, good.
Season late August to October.
22O THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
SYLVESTER.
REFERENCES, i. Horticulturist, 17:150. 1862. 2. Warder, 1867:617. fig.
3. Downing, 1869:379. 4. ///. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1871:154. 5. Fitz, 1872:170. SYNONYMS. None.
A waxen-white fruit with crimson blush and brisk subacid flesh ; very good for culinary uses. Season September and October. The tree is large, roundish, moderately vigorous, hardy, long-lived and a reliable cropper yielding good crops biennially. It is not desirable for commercial planting because the fruit shows bruises very readily.
Historical. Originated at Lyons, N. Y. (3). It is but little grown even in the locality of its origin.
TART BOUGH.
REFERENCES, i. Thomas, 1849:142. 2. Elliott, 1854:178. 3. Warder, 1867:734. 4. Downing, 1869:380. SYNONYMS. Sour Bough of some (4). TART BOUGH (i, 2, 3, 4).
An old variety which according to Downing (4) was originated and dis- seminated by Judge Buel of Albany, N. Y. Elliott (2) states that it resembles Early Harvest, but it ripens ten days later, has more acid and the trees are more rapid in growth. He regarded it as unworthy of cultivation.
Downing recognizes another Tart Bough the fruit of which is small and whitish with white, tender flesh, juicy, sprightly, pleasant subacid, good. Season August (4).
We do not know either of these varieties.
TETOFSKY.
REFERENCES, i. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :No. 1291. 2. Manning, Mag. Hort., 7:50. 1841. 3. Downing, 1845:78. 4. Thomas, 1849:141. 5. Elliott, 1854:111. fig. 6. Hooper, 1857:93. 7. Horticulturist, 14:425. I&59- 8. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 9. Horticulturist, 21 :294. 1866. fig. 10. Warder, 1867:657. ii. Todd, 1871:120. fig. 12. Mich. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1872:458. fig. 13. Horticulturist, 29:317. 1874. 14. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876: 18. 15. ///. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:251. 16. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879: 22. 17. Barry, 1883:335. 18. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:27. 19. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 45:593. 1886. 20. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:298. 21. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:251. 22. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 11:588. 1892. 23. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1896:76. 24. Can. Hort., 19:358- 1896. 25. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bui, 61 132. 1897. 26. Troop, Ind. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:81. 1899. 27. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:310. 1901. 28. Craig, Cyc. of Hort., 1901:1404. 29. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui., 76:104, 132. 1902. fig. 30. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1902 :85. 31. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bui, 106:56. 1902. 32. Budd-Hansen, 1903:188. fig.
SYNONYMS. TETOFFSKY (2). TETOFSKI (10, 12, 27, 29). TETOFSKY (i, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, ii, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 30, 31, 32). Tetofsky (29).
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 221
A Russian apple below medium size, yellow, striped with crimson, sprightly acid, suitable for culinary use in July, ripe in August. The tree is very hardy, very upright, deep rooted, comes into bearing young and yields full crops biennially or sometimes annually. Desirable for planting in regions where superior hardiness is particularly desired. It is but little earlier than Yellow Transparent which is superior to it in size and dessert qualities. There is a limited demand for the fruit in some local and special markets.
Historical. Tetofsky is one of the pioneers of the Russian varieties in this country having been imported by the Massachusetts Horticultural So- ciety from the London, England, Horticultural Society about 1835 (28). Manning (2) described it as early as 1841 as a new fruit of value. It has been widely disseminated particularly in regions where its superior hardiness renders it peculiarly valuable. It has never been commonly grown in New York state and is now seldom planted here.
TREE.
Tree medium size to dwarfish, moderately vigorous, deep rooted with moderately stout branches filled with small spurs. Form very erect, rather dense. Twigs short, straight, moderately stout ; internodes short. Bark dull brown with tinge of red, lightly coated with gray scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, oblong, not raised. Buds small, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to rather small but usually below medium ; uniform in size and fairly uniform in shape. Form oblate or roundish, a little inclined to conic, pretty regular. Stem medium in length, rather slender. Cavity obtuse, medium to rather deep, moderately broad, usually symmetrical, gently fur- rowed. Calyx rather large, closed; lobes long, moderately broad. Basin shallow, medium in width, furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin moderately thick, somewhat tough, smooth, waxy, greenish-yellow, more or less striped and splashed with rather attractive bright red, over- spread with very faint bloom. Many specimens have little or no red. Dots inconspicuous, pale or greenish, submerged.
Calyx tube long, wide, funnel-shape with broad cylinder varying to nearly urn-shape. Stamens median to nearly marginal.
Core large, axile or somewhat abaxile; cells open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish, concave. Seeds medium size, short, moderately plump, somewhat obtuse.
Flesh white, firm, a little coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly, slightly aromatic, subacid, fair to good.
Season late July to early September.
222 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
THALER.
REFERENCES, i. Webster, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881 -.54. 2. Tuttle, Ib., 8:135. 1881-82. 3. Ib., 1883:94. 4- Gibb, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883: 438. 5. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1885:14. 6. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:14. 7. Schroeder, Ib., 1886-87:79. 8. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892: 236. 9. Ib., 1892:251. 10. Green, Minn. Sta. Bui, 32:240. 1893. n. Jack. Card, and For., 7:99. 1894. 12. Hoskins, Ib., 7:138. 1894. 13. Rural N. Y., 54:539. 1895. 14. Troop, Ind. Sta. Rpt., 1899:81. 15. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui., 76:38. 1902.
SYNONYMS. CHARLOTTENTHALER (2, 6, 7, 8, n, 15). Charlottenthaler (3, 4). CHARLOTTEN THALER (13). Charlotten Thaler (10). Charlottenthaler Apple (i). Charlottelthaler Golba (5). No. 147 (7). SCHARLOTTENTHALER GOLBA (i, 3, 4). THALER (5, 9, 10, 12, 14). Yellow Transparent (n).
A Russian variety of the Yellow Transparent type. It resembles the Yellow Transparent so closely that some have considered them identical but they are distinct (6, 12). Since Yellow Transparent is superior in health, vigor and productiveness Thaler is not recommended for planting.
THOMPSON.
REFERENCES, i. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76:104. 1902. 2. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1902:85.
SYNONYMS. THOMPSON (i). THOMPSON No. 24 (2). Thompson's Seed- ling No. 24 (i).
TYuit of pretty good size, striped red and yellow, rather attractive. Flesh subacid, fair or possibly good in quality. Season late winter. The tree is a pretty good grower, comes into bearing rather young and bears nearly annu- ally yielding moderately good crops. This is a new variety which has gained recognition in the upper Mississippi valley on account of its hardiness in that region. It is also reported as promising in the Northern apple districts of Maine (2). It is not worthy of planting in this state where standard varieties of its season succeed but may be worth testing in those localities where a tree of superior hardiness is desired.
Historical. Originated by J. S. B. Thompson, Grundy county, la., and first propagated under the name Thompson Seedling No. 24 (i). In 1892 it was received for testing at this Station from the Jewell Nursery Company, Lake City, Minn., by which the variety was introduced.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with moderately long, slender, curved, droop- ing branches. Form spreading, open, inclined to droop. Twigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout; internodes medium. Bark brown tinged with red, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels numerous, medium size, oval, raised, conspicuous. Buds medium size, broad, obtuse to acute, free, slightly pubescent.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 223
FRUIT.
Fruit below medium to above or rather large. Form roundish or round- ish oval, pretty regular but somewhat unequal. Stem medium in length, slender. Cavity acuminate to acute, deep, medium in width to rather nar- row, more or less russeted. Calyx medium size, open; lobes separated at base. Basin deep, narrow to rather wide, abrupt, somewhat furrowed.
Skin pale yellow more or less overspread and mottled with pinkish-red striped and splashed with carmine. Dots grayish or brownish, few, small, inconspicuous.
Calyx tube short, conical to funnel-form. Stamens basal to median.
Core medium size, abaxile; cells fairly symmetrical, open; core lines nearly meeting. Carpels nearly cordate to elliptical. Seeds numerous, medium size, flat, moderately acute.
Flesh white, moderately fine, crisp, rather tender, juicy, subacid to mild subacid, fair to good.
Season October to early winter or midwinter.
TINMOUTH.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1857:197. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 3. Downing, Horticulturist, 19:145. 1864. figs. 4. Warder, 1867:734. 5. Downing, 1869:383. 6. Thomas, 1875:514. 7. Taylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1895:193. 8. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45:343. 1896. 9. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:310. 1901.
SYNONYMS. TEIGNMOUTH (3). Teignmouth (5, 6). TINMOUTH (i, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). Tinmouth Sweet (8). Vermont Pippin (3, 5).
Tinmouth is a fall and early winter apple of good size, good quality and rather attractive appearance. The tree is a good grower, with an upright habit. It is a regular cropper and very productive. It does not seem to be desirable for general commercial planting in New York.
Historical Downing remarked that this variety originated at Tinmouth, Vt, and was much esteemed in the region of its origin (5). Waugh calls it a good apple and states that it is almost unknown in Grand Isle county but is much more common in other parts of Vermont (9). So far as we have discovered it is but little known in New York.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large. Form oblate to roundish, regular or obscurely ribbed ; sides often distinctly unequal. Stem often bracted, short to medium, usually not exserted. Cavity large, acute or approaching acuminate, deep, broad, russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx small, partly closed or open; lobes often small, sometimes long, acute, recurved. Basin rather large, deep, moderately wide, abrupt to moderately abrupt, often somewhat wrinkled.
Skin tender, pale yellow or greenish, often with a bright deep blush and overspread with thin bloom. Dots numerous, greenish or russet, giving the surface a somewhat rough appearance. Prevailing effect yellow.
224 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Calyx tube rather small, cone-shape or approaching funnel-form. Stamevs median.
Core rather small, axile or nearly so ; cells closed ; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish to obcordate, emarginate, mucronate. Seeds rather large, broad, somewhat obtuse.
Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, moderately fine, tender, rather juicy, mild subacid with a peculiar flavor, sprightly, good in quality.
Season October to early winter or midwinter.
TITOVKA.
REFERENCES, i. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 8:44. 1881-82. -fig. 2. Ib., 8:74. 1881-82-. 3. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1882:80. 4. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui., 1883:31. 5. Gibb, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:431. 6. Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:173. 7. Barry, 1883:335. 8. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui., 1885:8. 9. Thomas, 1885:526. 10. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:15. u. Schroeder, Ib.., 1886-87:78. 12. Hoskins, Can. Hort., 13:175. 1890. 13. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:251. 14. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:58. 15. Troop, hid. Sta. Bui, 53:124. 1894. 16. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:584. 1894. I7> Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1896:77. 18. Mass. Hatch Sta. Bui, 44:4. 1897. 19- Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:15. 20. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 6:11. 1899. figs. 21. Troop, hid. Sta. Rpt., 1899:81. 22. Eneroth- Smirnoff, 1901:470. 23. Hansen, 5*. D. Sta. Bui, 76:105. 1902. fig. 24. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:85. 1902. 25. Budd-Hansen, 1903: 1 88. fig. 26. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48:58. 1903. 27. Far- rand, Mich. Sta. Bui, 205 -.46. 1903.
SYNONYMS. No. 134 (n). No. 230 Gov. (4). TITOVCA (9). TITOVKA (i, 6, 7, 8, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 1 6, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27). TITOWKA (5). TITUS APPLE (2, 3, 4). Titus Apple (i, 5, 7). Titus Riga (25).
A Russian apple, large, roundish or somewhat oblong, green- ish-yellow, handsomely shaded and striped with red and covered with light bloom. When fully mature the ground color is yel- low and the red is bright and dark often nearly covering the fruit. Quality good to very good for culinary use. Season August and September. The tree is a vigorous grower, conies into bearing rather young and is moderately productive. It is one of the best Russian apples of its season which we have tested. The crop does not ripen uniformly and more than one picking is required in order to secure the fruit in prime condi- tion for market. Titovka is perhaps worthy of testing for market where fruit of this type and season is desired.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 225
This appears to be the variety which Hansen describes under the name Titovka Department, which name he adopts to distin- guish it on the one hand from a variety called Titovka with Titus Riga as a synonym and on the other from a variety called Titovka Speer (23).
Historical Imported from Russia by the U. S. Department of Agricul- ture in 1870. It was received in 1883 from Ellwanger and Barry, Rochester, N. Y., for testing at this Station. In 1897 it was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society as a variety of value in the pomo- logical district which includes the Dakotas, Montana and Wyoming (19). It is but little known in New York and so far as we can learn its cultiva- tion is not increasing in this state.
FRUIT.
Fruit large. Form roundish or somewhat oblong, a little inclined to conic, nearly regular, pretty symmetrical. Stem short, usually not exserted. Cavity acuminate, very deep, sometimes slightly russeted. Calyx medium size, closed; segments small, convergent. Basin moderately shallow to deep, very abrupt, wrinkled.
Skin smooth, pale green becoming yellow, shaded and striped with bright red and overspread with light bloom.
Calyx tube elongated cone-shape or funnel-form. Stamens median or below.
Core rather large, somewhat abaxile ; cells pretty symmetrical, open ; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish or somewhat obovate, emar- ginate. Seeds, few, rather small, plump.
Flesh whitish, coarse, crisp, juicy, subacid, good to very good for culinary uses.
Season August and September.
TOM PUTT.
REFERENCES, i. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :No. 1299. 2. Hogg, 1884: 229.
SYNONYMS. Coalbrook (2). Marrow-bone (2). TOM PUT (i). TOM PUTT (2).
A rather attractive red apple of good size, moderately coarse, subacid, fair to good for culinary uses. The tree is a moderately vigorous grower, comes into bearing rather early and yields full crops annually or nearly annually. As compared with standard varieties of its season it does not appear to be worthy of the attention of New York fruit growers.
Historical. This is an old English variety (i, 2). In 1892 it was re- ceived for testing here from W. and T. Smith, Geneva, N. Y.
226 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
TUFTS*
REFERENCES, i. Mag. Hort., 14:519. 1848. 2. Cole, 1849:107. 3. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 16:496. 1850. fig. 4. Hovey, 2:23. 1851. col. pi. 5. Down- ing, 1857:198. 6. Warder, 1867:734. 7. Thomas, 1885:527. 8. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:251. 9. Ib., 1892:251. 10. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 11:589, 596. 1892. ii. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45:344. 1896. 12. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48:58. 1903. 13. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:147. 1904.
SYNONYMS. TUFTS (3, 4, 7, 8, 10, n, 12, 13). TUFTS BALDWIN (2, 5, 6,9). Tufts Baldwin (7, 10, 12, of some 3 and 5). TUFTS SEEDLING (i).
An apple of the Baldwin group, somewhat like Baldwin in form, color and general appearance, but more mild in flavor and less desirable for market or culinary uses. In ordinary storage it is in season from October to January with October as the commercial limit, but in cold storage it may be held through the winter (13). In some years nearly all of the fruit is discolored at the core. The crop does not ripen evenly, and there is apt to be considerable loss from dropping of the fruit. The tree is large, a pretty good grower, comes into bearing rather early and yields full crops biennially. Not recommended for planting in New York.
Historical. This variety originated in Cambridge, Mass., about 1830. It was first exhibited at the annual show of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1848 (4). It is now rarely listed by nurseymen (8, 9) and is seldom or never planted in this state.
TREE.
Tree large, moderately vigorous. Form very spreading, flat, open. Twigs moderately long, curved, slender; internodes short. Bark brown, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin ; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oblong, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit large or nearly so, quite uniform in size and shape. Form round- ish to roundish oblate, sometimes with a broad protuberance above the cavity on one side, often flattened at apex, broadly ribbed. Stem long, rather slender. Cavity acute to acuminate, medium in depth to deep, rather broad, often furrowed, usually with outspreading, irregular, greenish-russet. Calyx medium to rather small, usually closed. Basin rather shallow to moderately deep, medium in width to wide, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, slightly wrinkled, somewhat ridged.
Skin moderately thin, tough, smooth, green or yellowish nearly covered with bright deep red like the Baldwin, not striped or with indistinct stripes of purplish carmine. Dots conspicuous, medium to rather small, gray or russet.
Calyx tube medium in length, conical or funnel-shape. Stamens median to marginal.
Core large, axile or nearly so; cells closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish, often discolored, rather flat, emargin-
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 227
ate. Seeds often few, not well developed, dark brown, large, long, some- what acute, slightly tufted.
Flesh tinged with yellow or greenish, firm, moderately coarse, crisp, rather tender, moderately juicy, rather mild subacid, fair to good.
Season October to December or January.
TWENTY OUNCE.
REFERENCES, i. Mag. Hort., 10:210. 1844. 2. Downing, 1845:140. 3. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 13:70. 1847. fig. 4. Thomas, 1849:153. 5. Cole, 1849: 120. 6. Elliott, 1854:126. 7. Hooper, 1857:94. 8. Downing, 1857:198.
9. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 10. Warder, 1867:510. fig. n. Downing, 1869:388. 12. Fitz, 1872:168. 13. Leroy, 1873:261. fig. 14. Barry, 1883: 356. 15. W.ickson, 1889:245. 16. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:298. 17. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:236. 18. Ib., 1892:251. 19. Budd-Hansen, 1903: 191. 20. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui., 48:59. 1903. 21. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:147. 1904.
SYNONYMS. Aurora (8, n, 13). Cabashaw, incorr. (21). CAYUGA RED STREAK (6, 10, 17). Cayuga Red Streak (3, 5, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22). Coleman (8, n, 13). De Vin du Conn. (13). DIX-HUIT ONCES (2, 13). Eighteen Ounce (4, 6, 13). Eighteen Ounce Apple (2, 8, n). Gov. Seward's (3, 6). Lima (8, n, 13). Morgan's Favorite (8, n, 13). TWENTY OUNCE (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, n, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21). Twenty Ounce (6,
10, 13). Twenty Ounce Apple (2, 3, 6, 8, n, 12). Twenty Ounce Pippin (3, err. 4 and 6). Wine (21, of Conn. n).
This is one of the most satisfactory of the fall varieties for commercial planting in New York. It is also highly esteemed for home use. The fruit is large, attractive, green becoming yellowish with broad stripes and splashes of red. It is in sea- son from September to early winter. It keeps well for a fall variety and stands shipping well. Usually it should be handled direct to the consumer without going into cold storage. In common storage the fruit goes down rapidly during October and November. In cold storage it may be kept till midwinter (21). It hangs pretty well to the tree for so large an apple, is pretty uniform in size and generally reliable and satisfactory in color and quality. The fruit is in good demand in general market and sells at good prices. It is especially esteemed for culinary uses but it is inferior to other varieties for evaporating. The tree is a rather vigorous grower with main branches erect and laterals rather willowy and more or less drooping. It seems to succeed particularly well in favorable locations in the
228 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
apple belt south of Lake Ontario. It is especially subject to sunscald and canker on the trunk and larger limbs. For this reason it is desirable to topwork it upon some hardy and thrifty stock such as Tolman Sweet or Northern Spy. Careful atten- tion should be given to treating the canker.1 The top is inclined to grow rather dense and requires constant attention to keep it properly pruned to admit the light to the foliage in all parts of the tree so that the fruit may color properly. The tree when full grown is of medium size or below medium and may be planted closer in the orchard than Baldwin, Rhode Island Greening or Northern Spy. It comes into bearing rather young and is almost an annual bearer yielding moderate to good or even heavy crops. The skin of the fruit is apt to be roughened by the application of spray mixtures. In spraying Twenty Ounce after the fruit is set, it is therefore desirable to use an abundance of lime in the bordeaux mixture and make the appli- cation uniform and thorough but not excessive.
In different localities in New York Twenty Ounce is known under the various synonyms of Cayuga Redstreak, Wine Apple and Limbertwig. It is quite distinct from Twenty Ounce Pip- pin; see Volume I, page 349.
Historical. This variety was brought to the notice of pomologists about sixty years ago (i, 3), when fruit of it grown in Cayuga county, N. Y., was exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. At that time its cultivation appeared to be mostly confined to Cayuga county and its origin was unknown. In 1857 Downing (8) reported that it originated in Connecticut but upon what authority we are unable to state. Twenty Ounce is well known in most of the apple-growing" sections of the state and in certain districts its cultivation for commercial purposes appears to be increasing. It is pretty generally listed by nurserymen (17)-
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with branches moderately long and moderately stout. Form upright becoming roundish, dense ; laterals willowy, slender and more or less drooping. Twigs short, straight, slender ; internodes medium. Bark reddish-brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin ; slightly pubescent. Lenticcls quite numerous, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, flat, obtuse, appressed, pubescent
IN. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:399-418. 1899. Ib., 22:321-386. 1903.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 229
FRUIT.
Fruit very large. Form variable, usually roundish or roundish conic, sometimes broadly ribbed. Stem deep set, short to medium, moderately thick or rather slender. Cavity acuminate, very deep, sometimes lipped, sometimes russeted. Calyx below medium size to above, usually closed. Basin often oblique, often shallow but occasionally deep, moderately narrow to rather wide, rather abrupt, broadly and deeply furrowed.
Skin thick, tough, greenish becoming rather yellow, washed, mottled and splashed with bright red or deepening to dark or purplish-red with carmine stripes. Dots grayish or russet, small to large, often raised, sometimes whitish and submerged.
Calyx tube large, long, wide, conical or funnel-shape extending to the core. Stamens usually basal.
Core large, axile or somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, usually closed, sometimes wide open; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels elongated ovate, slightly emarginate, somewhat tufted. Seeds medium size, round to narrow, obtuse to acute, variable.
Flesh whitish somewhat tinged with yellow, coarse, moderately tender, juicy, subacid, good for culinary use, second rate for dessert.
Season late September to early winter.
RED TYPE OF TWENTY OUNCE.
A red Twenty Ounce which originated at Hilton, Monroe county, N. Y., is being propagated under the name " Collamer." See page 36.
TYRE BEAUTY.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1869:388. 2. Horticulturist, 24:52. 1869. fig.
SYNONYMS. None.
This was brought to notice about thirty-five years ago as a new seedling apple of value in the locality of its origin, Tyre, Seneca county, N. Y. Fruit medium, pale yellow, splashed, marbled and shaded with crimson. Flesh tender, slightly acid, neither rich nor peculiarly sprightly. Season early September (2).
We are unacquainted with this variety and so far as we know it has not been grown outside of the locality of its origin.
UTTER.
REFERENCES. I. Horticulturist, 10:528. 1855. 2. Ib., 23:10. 1868. fig. 3. Downing, 1869:389. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 5- Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 5:35. 1879. 6. Budd, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:472. 7. Thomas, 1885:527. 8. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:97. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:251. 10. Harris, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1892:271. n. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui., 45:311, 344- 1896. 12. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1901: 98. 13. Hansen, S\ D. Sta. Bui., 76:108. 1902. fig. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903:193- fig-
230 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
SYNONYMS. English Janneting (6). Fameuse (6). Seever's Red Streak (6). UTTER'S (i). UTTER (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 13, 14). UTTER'S LARGE RED (9). UTTER'S RED (5, 12). U tier's Red (13, 14).
Fruit of good size, yellow and red, rather attractive in appearance. The tree is a rather upright regular grower, forming a full rounded head, healthy and productive (n). It is very hardy and on this account has been grown to some extent in regions where standard varieties do not suc- ceed (13, 14).
Historical. Originated in Wisconsin where it was known as early as !8S5 (i). It has been much grown in that state and in other parts of the Middle West (13, 14) but it is little known in New York.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium to large. Form usually roundish oblate varying to roundish, sometimes a little inclined to oblong, often somewhat broadly ribbed, pretty regular. Stem short to medium, moderately stout. Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, medium in width to wide, furrowed gently if at all, sometimes partly russeted. Calyx small, closed or partly open; lobes small, short, obtuse. Basin rather shallow to moderately deep, medium in width, abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin moderately thick, tough, clear, rather pale yellow usually washed with orange-red and narrowly streaked with bright carmine. Some fruits show little or no red but on highly colored specimens the prevailing color is red. Dots not conspicuous, numerous, often submerged or whitish or occa- sionally with russet point.
Calyx tube elongated funnel-form. Stamens median or below.
Core sessile, medium size, abaxile; cells symmetrical, open or closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish or approaching elliptical, but slightly emarginate if at all, smooth or slightly tufted. Seeds moderately numerous, medium to rather large, somewhat narrow to rather wide, obtuse or approaching acute, moderately light reddish-brown.
Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, somewhat coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, mild subacid, pleasantly flavored, good.
Season October to December or later.
VANDEVERE.
REFERENCES, i. Am. Card. Cal, 1806:585. 2. Coxe, 1817:141. fig. 3. Thacher, 1822:139. 4. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:477. 5. Floy- Lindley, 1833:85. 6. Downing, 1845:141. fig. 7. Thomas, 1849:173. 8. Cole, 1849:122. 9. Horticulturist, 10:87. 1855. 10. lb., 11:89. 1856. ii. Warder, 1867:735. 12. Fitz, 1872:121, 149, 153. 13. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. J4- Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:298. 15. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:251. 16. Budd-Hansen, 1903:193.
SYNONYMS. Oxeye (8, 12). Staalcubs (2, 4). Stalcubs (3, 6). VANDER- VERE (2, 6, 9, 10, n). VANDEVEER (4). VANDEVERE (i, 3, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16).
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 231
The old variety which is commonly called Vandevere in New York is known to pomologists by the name Newtown Spitzenburg, under which name it is described in Vol. I, page 225. It originated in. Newtown, L. I. The true Vandevere which we are here considering is quite distinct from this Newtown Spitzenburg.
When in perfection Vandevere is a beautiful and fine apple, medium in size, marked with light red in indistinct streaks over a yellow background; well colored specimens become deep red; dots numerous, green or light gray; flesh yellowish, crisp and tender with a rich, sprightly, mild subacid flavor, valued especially for culinary purposes ; in season from October to January. The tree is of medium size, spreading, moderately vigorous, not very productive (2, 6, 7).
Historical. An old variety native of Wilmington, Del. (2, 6). It is some- times called the Vandevere of Delaware or the Vandevere of Pennsylvania. It has never been much cultivated in New York and is now seldom or never planted here.
VANDEVERE PIPPIN.
REFERENCES, i. Phoenix, Horticulturist, 4:471. 1849. 2. Elliott, 1854:113. fig. 3. Downing, 1857:199. 4. Hooper, 1857:94. 5. Warder, 1867:462. 6. Thomas, 1875:204. 7. Budd-Hansen, 1903:193. fig.
SYNONYMS. Baltimore of some, incorrectly (2). Big Vandevere (3). Fall Vandervere (2). Gibbon's Smathhousef (2). Gibbon's Smokehouse? (2). Imperial Vandervere (2). Indiana Vandevere (3, 6). Large Vander- vere (5). Millcreek (2). Millcreek Vandervere (2). Pennsylvania Vande- vere (2). Red Vandervere (2). Smokehouse? (2). Spiced Oxeye (2). •Staalclubs (2). Striped Ashmore? (2). Striped Vandervere (2). VANDER- VERE (2). Vandervere (5). VANDERVERE PIPPIN (i, 5). Vandervere Pippin (2). VANDEVERE PIPPIN (3, 6, 7). Vandevere Pippin (4). VANDEVERE YELLOW (4). Watson's Vandervere (2, 5). Watson's Vandevere (3, 6). Windower (i). Yellow Vandervere (2, 5).
A large, coarse apple, yellow, more or less covered with marbled red and scarlet stripes; flesh of rather sharp acid flavor, excellent for culinary use but not esteemed for dessert (5) ; in season from September or October to early winter. The tree is vigorous, large, spreading, a reliable cropper and productive. The twigs and leaves much resemble those of Vandevere (5). It appears that it is no longer listed by nurserymen.
Historical. Origin unknown (3, 5, 7). It has been grown to some extent in the West but has never been much cultivated in New York.
VICTORIA.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1881:111 app. fig. 2. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892: 251. 3. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui., 48:59. 1903. 4. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. But., 248:148. 1904.
SYNONYMS. VICTORIA (3, 4). VICTORIA SWEET (i). Victoria Sweet (4). VICTORIA SWEETING (2).
232 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
This variety belongs in the same group with Mabie. The fruit is of good medium size, dark red, with conspicuous, large dots somewhat like those seen on Westfield Seek-No-Further and Blue Pearmain. The flesh is moderately coarse, very tender, rather juicy, sweet, good to very good, for either dessert or culinary uses. In ordinary storage it is in season from October^to January, with October as the commercial limit ; in cold storage it may be held till January (4). The tree is a pretty good grower, comes into bearing rather young and yields full crops biennially. It is recom- mended for trial in Central and Eastern New York where a variety of this type is desired either for the home or for the local market.
Historical. Origin uncertain. It is supposed by some to have originated in Chenango county. Probably it is nowhere grown extensively but it is culti- vated more in Chenango and adjacent counties than in any other region. It is occasionally listed by nurserymen (2).
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with rather short, rather stocky, crooked branches. Form spreading. Twigs moderately long, rather slender ; inter- nodes medium. Bark dull reddish-brown or olive-green, slightly mottled with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, usually large and elongated. Buds medium size, rather narrow, plump, appressed, acute, pubescent. Leaves medium size, rather broad.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium to medium, fairly uniform in size and shape. Form roundish inclined to conic, somewhat flattened at base, faintly and broadly ribbed. Stem usually short, moderately thick. Cavity moderately deep, medium in width to broad, symmetrical, often lipped, sometimes red and smooth, but often bright yellow russet or greenish-russet overspreads the cavity and radiates irregularly over the base in broken lines and splashes. Calyx small to medium, closed or partly open ; lobes usually short and not separated at base, acute. Basin medium in depth to moderately deep, narrow to wide, somewhat abrupt, slightly wrinkled.
Skin tough, nearly smooth, yellow, blushed and faintly mottled with rather dull red and marked with numerous, narrow stripes of deeper red. Highly colored specimens are purplish-red with obscure stripes. Dots or flecks conspicuous, gray or russet, becoming smaller and more numerous toward the cavity.
Calyx tube short, medium size, conical or somewhat funnel-form. Stamens median to basal.
Core medium to somewhat distant, usually abaxile ; cells closed or partly open; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels roundish cordate to
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 233
elliptical, decidedly concave, tufted. Seeds numerous, dark, medium size, flat, acute to obtuse.
Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, moderately coarse, very tender, juicy, sweet, good to very good.
Season October to January.
VICTUALS AND DRINK.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1845:141. 2. Thomas, 1849:163. 3. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:88. 1851. 4. Elliott, 1854:179. 5. Hooper, 1857:94. 6. Warder, 1867 :499. fig. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 8. Taylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1895:200.
SYNONYMS. Big Sweet (i, 4, 5). Fall Green Sweet (6)., Green Sweet of Indiana (6). Pompey (i, 4, 5, 6). VICTUALS AND DRINK (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8).
A large, somewhat rough, dull green or yellowish apple often veined with russet. The flesh is sweet, very tender, fine-grained, very good to best in quality; in season from October to January or later. The tree is medium to rather large, upright or roundish, stocky, vigorous, very productive, often carrying so heavy a load of fruit that many of the apples are small. Down- ing states that it originated in the neighborhood of Newark, N. J., about 1750 (i). In 1873 (7) it was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society but was dropped from that list in 1897. Bailey does not mention it in his Inventory of Apples Offered by American Nurserymen in 1892. * It has been popular in some portions of the West but so far as we know has never been much cultivated in New York. It is undoubtedly an excellent variety for the home orchard.
VINEUSE ROUGE.
REFERENCES, i. Leroy, 1873:230. fig. 2. Ib., 1873:846. fig. 3. Hoskins, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:414. 4. Gibb, Ib., 1883:442. 5. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 3:20. 1884. 6. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1885:16. 7. Craig, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 12:102. 1886-87. 8. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 11:587. 1892. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., ,1892 :24O. 10. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 12 :, 600. 1893. ii. Ib., 13:581. 1894. 12. Dempsey, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 1:24. 1894. fig- J3- Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui., 76:110. 1902.
SYNONYMS. Aromatic Spike No. 354 (13). COMPTE ORLOFF (i). COUNT ORLOFF (8). Count Orloff (13). De Revel (2). GRAND SULTAN (3, 7, 9, 10, 12). Grand Sultan (2). Green Transparent (13). GROSKOE SELENKA GRUNER (5, 11). ORLOFF (6). Orloff (4). Orlovskoe (6). ORLOWSKOE (4). Red Transparent (13). Revelstone Pippin (2). TRANSPARENTE JAUNE (2). Transparente Rouge (i). Transparente de Sainte-Leger (2). Transparente Verte (i). VINEUSE ROUGE (13). Vineuse Rouge (i).
Hansen gives the following description of this variety (13): "Origin, Russia; as fruited in the Iowa Experiment Station orchard, this variety and Red Transparent, Count Orloff, Grand Sultan, Green Transparent and
1 An. Hort., 1892.
234 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Aromatic Spike No. 354 are identical or very similar. Tree a strong grower, round topped, a heavy annual bearer. Fruit medium to large, round oblate conic, regular ; surface greenish-yellow, rarely faintly splashed with red on sunny side, overlaid with white bloom ; dots large, white, few ; cavity narrow, abrupt, with irregular patch of russet, stem short, stout, often clubbed; basin small, shallow ; calyx, small, closed. Core closed or nearly so, clasping : tube long, funnel-shaped; flesh white, firm, juicy, fragrant, subacid, good for table, very good for cooking. Season very early, about one week before Yellow Transparent, but perishable and should be picked early to prevent water- coring and rotting on the tree. Evidently the name is a misnomer as it means Red Wine Colored."
As grown at this Station Count Orloff, Grand Sultan and Groskoe Selenka Gruner are identical or very similar, and none of them is very desirable.
WASHINGTON STRAWBERRY.
REFERENCES, i. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1849:117. 2. Mag. Hort., 23:26. 1857. 3. Hovey, Ib., 24:79. 1858. fig. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1869. 5. Downing, 1869:396. fig. 6. Thomas, 1875:205. 7. Downing, 1881:11, 12 index, app. 8. Barry, 1883:341. 9. Wickson, 1889:244. 10. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:298. ii. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:252. 12. Burnett, La. Sta. Bui, 27:926. 1894. 13. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48:60. 1903. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903:197. fig. 15. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui, 205:47. 1903. 16. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:150. 1904.
SYNONYMS. Juniata (7). WASHINGTON (2, 3). Washington of Maine (7). Washington County Seedling (2). WASHINGTON STRAWBERRY (i, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 15, 16). WASHINGTON Strawberry (14). Washington Strawberry (3).
Fruit smooth, of good size and pretty good color, fairly uniform in shape but somewhat variable in size, desirable for either dessert or culinary uses. It is quite variable in season in different years and in different localities. As fruited at this Station it conies in season in September or October, and some portion of the fruit may be kept in fair condition into the winter or sometimes through the winter. In ordinary storage its commercial limit is October, and in cold storage November (13, 16). The fruit hangs well to the tree. The tree is vigorous, hardy, healthy, moderately long-lived, comes into bearing rather early and is a reliable cropper, yielding good crops biennially or almost annually. It is a good variety for home use, but evidently is not wanted in market. Its season is rather short, and it begins to mature at a time when the markets are filled with other fruits.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 235
Historical. Washington Strawberry was first exhibited at the Fair of the State Agricultural Society in Syracuse in 1849 (i, 3). It originated on the farm of Job Whipple, Union Springs, Washington county, N Y. (i). It was included in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in 1869 (4). It is still listed by nurserymen and has been disseminated to some extent in various parts of the continent. Although it has been known for a half century it has failed to establish itself in the commercial orchards of this state and is but little known among New York fruit growers.
TREE.
Tree medium to large, vigorous to moderately vigorous. Form rather flat, spreading, open. Twigs below medium to short, straight or nearly so, rather slender to stout with large terminal buds ; internodes medium or below. Bark clear brownish-red or with more or less olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small to medium, round or somewhat elongated, slightly raised. Buds medium to large, broad, plump, obtuse, free or nearly so, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large or very large. Form globular, usually inclined to conic, base rounding or sometimes flattened, nearly regular; sides often a little unequal. Stem short and rather thick or sometimes long. Cavity below medium to medium, acute to somewhat acuminate, rather shallow to deep, narrow to moderately broad, occasionally lipped, often somewhat furrowed, usually thinly russeted. Calyx below medium to rather large, usually some- what open; lobes a little separated and broad at the base, narrow above, long, acute to acuminate. Basin small to medium, narrow to moderately wide, medium in depth, abrupt, somewhat furrowed, wrinkled.
Skin rather thin, tough, smooth, somewhat waxy, greenish or yellow, washed and mottled with red, conspicuously splashed and striped with bright carmine and overspread with thin bloom. Dots numerous, russet or whitish and rather conspicuous, often submerged. Prevailing effect striped red.
Calyx tube rather large, wide, cone-shape with core lines meeting, some- times becoming funnel-form with clasping core lines. Stamens basal or nearly so.
Core below medium to above, axile or sometimes abaxile ; cells not uni- formly developed, usually symmetrical and more or less open, sometimes closed; core lines meeting if the calyx tube is cone-shape, clasping if it is funnel-form. Carpels variable, ovate to broadly obcordate, sometimes a little emarginate, often tufted. Seeds dark, medium in size, rather long, some- what acute; often many are abortive.
Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, firm, rather fine to a little coarse, crisp, tender, very juicy, pleasant snbacid, sprightly, good to very good.
Season from September or October into early winter.
236 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
WATER.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, Horticulturist, 19:172. 1864. -figs. 2. Warder, 1867:735. 3. Downing, 1869:397. fig. 4. Thomas, 1875:315. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1877:16. 6. Lyon, Mich' Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:298. 7. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 1252.
SYNONYMS. None.
A mild flavored dessert apple of medium size, pale yellow or greenish with attractive blush of lively red; in season from October to December. The tree is a rather moderate grower, does not come into bearing young and is a biennial bearer yielding from fair to good crops. Not recommended for commercial planting.
Historical. Origin Durham township, Bucks county, Pa. (i, 3). It was en- tered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in 1877 (5) and dropped from that list in 1897. It is but little known in this state.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with short, slender, curved branches. Form erect or roundish, rather dense. Twigs long, curved, moderately stout; internodes short. Bark dark brown, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin ; pubescent near tips. Lenticels scattering, small, round, not raised. Buds rather prominent, medium to large, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium size. Form broadly ovate to roundish conic varying to oblong conic with flattened ends, nearly regular. Stem short to medium, slender. Cavity acuminate, rather narrow to moderately broad, moderately shallow to deep, often compressed, sometimes thinly russeted, the russet not extending beyond the cavity. Calyx small to medium, closed or open; lobes long, narrow, acute to acuminate. Basin varying from shallow to rather deep and abrupt, narrow to medium in width, furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin pale yellow or greenish with very attractive, lively pinkish-red blush, in well colored specimens deepening to dark or purplisH-red, not striped, over- spread with thin bloom. Dots numerous, medium to small, grayish or whit- ish, often submerged.
Calyx tube short, wide, broadly conical. Stamens basal to median.
Core rather small, somewhat abaxile; cells closed or slightly open; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels small, slightly obovate to obcordate, emar- ginate. Seeds medium in size, few, dark brown, varying from blunt and flat to acute and rather narrow.
Flesh nearly white, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, pleasant mild subacid, good.
Season October to December or later.
WEALTHY.
REFERENCES. i. Downing, 1869:398. 2. Foster, Horticulturist, 25:362. 1870. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1871:10. 4. Thomas, 1875:515. 5. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:19. 6.7^1879:33- Hg> 7- !<*• Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:
WEALTHY
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 237
453. 8. Sheppard, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 8:140. 1881-82. g. Foster, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1882:100. 10. Barry, 1883:356. n. Gideon, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:114. 12. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:17, 27. 13. Rural N. Y., 46:494, 751. 1887. 14. Am.' Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:92. 15. Can. Hort., 11:31. 1888. 16. Rural N. Y., 48:177. 1889. 17. Gibb, Mon- treal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 15:19- 1890. 18. Hamilton, Ib., 15:27. 1890. 19. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:298. 20. Can. Hort., 14:119, 131, 33*-
1891. 21. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892 157. 22. Rural N. Y., 51 705.
1892. 23. Ont. Fr. Gr. Assn. An. Rpt., 26:65. 1894. 24. Rural N. Y., 54: 682. 1895. 25. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 3:17. 1896. figs. 26. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bui., 61 :32. 1897. 27. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:357. 28. Am. Card., 20:404. 1899. 29. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:312. 1901. 30. Hays, U. S. Div. of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology Bui., 29:13. 1901. 31. Can. Hort., 25:121. 1902. 32. Van Deman, Rural N. Y., 61 :249. 1902. 33. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18 :85, 90. 1902. 34. Hansen, 5. D. Sta. Bui., 76:112. 1902. fig. 35. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bui, 106:56. 1902. 36. Can. Hort., 26:12. 1903. 37. Budd-Hansen, 1903:198. fig. 38. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui., 205:47. 1903. 39. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48:60. 1903. 40. Macoun, Can. Hort., 27:71. 1904. fig. of tree. 41. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248:150. 1904. 42. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56:326. 1905.
SYNONYMS. None.
This variety is particularly valuable for cold climates because the tree is very hardy and the fruit sells well, being bright red and good in quality for either dessert or culinary uses. It is in season from October to early winter or mid-winter. In ordinary storage its commercial limit is October, but in cold storage it may be kept till January or later. It does not stand heat very well before going into storage, and goes down rather quickly (41). Young trees or trees which are making a thrifty growth produce fruit of good size, but mature, slow-growing trees are apt to yield a considerable percentage of undersized fruit, especially when they are overloaded, as is often the case. The crop ripens unevenly, and more than one picking should be made in order to secure the fruit in prime con- dition. If it is left upon the tree till fully colored there is apt to be considerable loss by dropping. The tree is a good thrifty grower when young, but with maturity it becomes a moderate or rather slow grower, forming a medium-sized or rather dwarfish tree. Wealthy is being planted for commercial purposes in many parts of the state, but in most localities the trees are as yet com- paratively young; in some sections of the state it is being planted
238 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
more than any other apple of its season. Trees that have become old enough to develop the tendency to produce rather small fruit are in some places being grafted over to other sorts. In other places fruit growers, by adopting such treatment as thinning the fruit and keeping the soil fertile, continue to produce apples of good marketable size when the trees are mature.
Historical. Originated by Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minn., from seed of the Cherry Crab, which he obtained about 1860 from Albert Emerson, Bangor, Me. (n, 28). Ragan (42) states that the fruit was first described in the Western Farmer in 1869. It has been extensively disseminated, par- ticularly in those apple-growing districts where a tree of superior hardiness is especially desired. It is generally listed by nurserymen and its cultivation is gradually increasing.
TREE.
Tree somewhat dwarfish to medium size, moderately vigorous with short, moderately stout, curved branches. Form upright spreading or roundish, open and somewhat drooping. Twigs long, curved, slender ; internodes long. Bark dark brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin ; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium to small, oblong, not raised, rather conspicuous. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium to large when well grown but often small on old trees ; pretty uniform in shape and quality but more or less uneven in size. Form roundish conic, slightly flattened at base, regular, symmetrical. Stem usually short to medium, but rather long on small fruit and rather slender. Cavity decidedly acuminate, rather deep, moderately narrow to rather broad, russeted. Calyx medium size, closed or partly open; lobes broad, obtuse to acute. Basin medium in depth to rather shallow, rather narrow, abrupt, smooth, symmetrical.
Skin thin, tough, pale yellow or greenish, blushed and marked with narrow stripes and splashes of red, deepening in highly colored specimens to brilliant red, very attractive. Dots numerous, small, inconspicuous, pale or russet. Prevailing effect bright red.
Calyx tube conical approaching funnel-form. Stamens median.
Core medium to very small, axile or sometimes slightly abaxile; cells symmetrical, slightly open ; core lines clasping. Carpels medium to rather small, roundish, narrowing toward base and apex, smooth, flat. Seeds mod- erately dark brown, above medium, rather acute.
Flesh whitish sometimes stained with red, moderately fine, crisp, tender, very juicy, agreeable subacid, sprightly, somewhat aromatic, good to very good.
Season October to January.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 239
WESTERN BEAUTY.
REFERENCES, i. Gardeners' Monthly, 1861:124 (cited by 2). 2. Kenrick, Mag. Hort., 29:73. 1863. fig. 3. Warder, 1867:464. fig. 4. Downing, 1869: 89. 5. Ib., 1872:37 app. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1877. 7- Barry, 1883:356. 8. Thomas, 1885:528. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:252. 10. Burrill and Mc- Cluer, ///. Sta. Bui., 45 :345. 1896.
SYNONYMS. BEAUTY OF THE WEST (4). Beauty of the West (10). Big Rambo (3, 5). Musgrove's Cooper (3, 4, 5). OHIO BEAUTY (i). Ohio Beauty (3, 4, 5). WESTERN BEAUTY (2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10).
The three varieties, Western Beauty, Grosh and Summer Rambo, resemble each other so closely in fruit that it is practically impossible to distinguish the one from the other from the examination of the fruit alone. The Sum- mer Rambo, however, ripens about a month earlier than the other two varieties and it can consequently be readily distinguished in the orchard. Pomologists are in doubt as to whether the Grosh and Western Beauty are two distinct varieties or the same variety under two names. We have been unable to obtain sufficient evidence to determine this point.
For a technical description of the fruit, see Grosh, page 89.
Hyde King was received here for testing under the name Western Beauty and consequently is referred to under that name erroneously in some pub- lished accounts of its record at this Station. See Volume I, page 166..
Historical. Origin unknown. First introduced to notice by William F. English of Rhinehart, Auglaize county, Ohio (i, 2).
WHITE ASTRACHAN.
REFERENCES, i. Pom. Mag., 2:No. 96. 1829. col. pi 2. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :No. 32. 3. Floy-Lindley, 1833 :6. 4. Mag. Hort., i :39i, 392. 1835. 5. Manning, Ib., ^ 152. 1841. 6. Downing, 1845 78. 7. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:17. 1851. 8. Elliott, 1854:179. 9. Warder, 1867:735. 10. Leroy, 1873:79. fig. n. Thomas, 1875:516. 12. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1:9. 1876. 13. Ib., 5:23. 1879. 14- Hogg, 1884:238. 15. Wickson, 1889:243. 16. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1889:14. 17. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76:113. 1903.
SYNONYMS. ASTRACAN BLANCHE (10). Astracan d'Ete (10). Astra- canischer Sommer (10). ASTRACHAN WHITE (2). Blanche Glacee d'Ete (10). De Glace d'Ete (10). De Glace Hative (10). De Moscovie d'Ete (10). Gelee d'Ete (10). Glace de Zelande (i, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10). Glacee d'Ete (10). Naliwi Jabloky (10). Pomme Astrachan (3). Pomme d'Astrachan (2). Pyrus Astracanica (i, 2, 6, 7). Taintai (10). Transparent Apple (14). Transparente de Astracan (10). Transparente d'Ete (10). Transparente de Zurich (10). Transparente de Muscovie d'Ete (10). Trans- parent Muscovie (7). Transparent de Muscovie (i, 2, 3, 6, 8). WHITE ASTRACAN (i, 3, 4, 5, 7, 15). White Astracan (10). WHITE ASTRACHAN (6, 8, 9, n, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17).
A Russian apple of little or no value for this region. Fruit medium size, roundish to roundish oblate, waxen yellow or whitish with faint streaks of red ; flesh white, acid, good for culinary use ; season August and September (6, 17).
240 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Historical. It has been known in this country for many years (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). It was not entered on the catalogue of the American Pomological Society till 1889 (16) and was dropped from that list in 1891. It is practi- cally unknown in New York.
WHITE JUNEATING.
REFERENCES, i. Am. Card. Cal, 1806:584. 2. Coxe, 1817:100. fig. 3. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :No. 612. 4. Floy-Lindley, 1833:3. 5. Mag. Hort., 1:326. 1835. 6. Downing, 1845:78. fig. 7. Thomas, 1849:144. fig. 8. Cole, 1849:97. 9. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:17. 1851. 10. Elliott, 1854:162. ii. Hooper, 1857:20. 12. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 13. Horti- culturist, 21:292. 1866. fig. 14. Warder, 1867:417. 15- Fitz, 1872:143, 151, 161. 16. Hogg, 1884:117. 17. Wickson, 1889:242. 18. Bruner, N. C. Sta. Bui, 182 :23. 1903. 19. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :2OO.
SYNONYMS. Bracken (8, u, of Ohio 7). Carolina (10). Caroline (10). Early Jenneting (16). Early May (10, ?I4>. Gennetting (17). GINETTING (i). Ginetting (16). Jenneting (2). Jennetting (17). JOANETING (16). Juneateing (i). JUNEATING (4). Juneating (6, 8, 10, n, 14, 16). JUNETING (2). Juneting (16). Owen's Golden Beauty (3, 6, 10, 16). Primiting (16). WHITE JUNEATING (3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19). White Juneating (16). Yellow May (18, 19). Yellow June (14).
This apple has little to recommend it except that it ripens very early in the season. It is small, roundish oblate, pale yellow, sometimes faintly blushed and has white, crisp, pleasant subacid flesh which becomes mealy if kept only a few days after it ripens. The tree is not large, only a moderate grower and not a great bearer (6, 8, 16).
Historical. Hogg (16) gives the following interesting account of the history of this apple and the probable derivation of the name Juneating:
" One of our oldest apples, and although generally known and popular, seems to have escaped the notice of Miller, who does not even mention it in any of the editions of his Dictionary. As I have doubts of this being the Geneting of Parkinson — his figure being evidently intended for the Margaret, which in some districts is called Joaneting — the first mention we have of this variety is by Rea, in 1665, who describes it as ' a small, yellow, red-sided apple, upon a wall, ripe in the end of June.'
" ' Juneating/ as applied to this apple, is quite a misnomer. Abercrombie was the first who wrote it June-eating, as if in allusion to the period of its maturity, which is, however, not till the end of July. Dr. Johnson, in his Dictionary, writes it Gineting, and says it is a corruption of Janeton (Fr.), signifying Jane or Janet, having been so called from a person of that name. Ray1 says, ' Pomum Ginettinum, quod unde dictum sit met latet.' Indeed, there does not seem ever to have been a correct definition given of it.
" My definition of the name is this. In the Middle Ages, it was customary to make the festivals of the Church periods on which occurrences were to take place or from which events were to be named. Even in the present day we hear the country people talking of some crop to be sown, or some other
1 Hist. Plant., ii. 1447.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 241
to be planted, at Michaelmas, St. Martin's, or St. Andrew's tide. It was also the practice for parents to dedicate their children to some particular saint, as Jean Baptiste, on the recurrence of whose festival all who are so named keep it as a holiday. So it was also in regard to fruits, which were named after the day about which they came to maturity. Thus, we have the Margaret Apple, so called from being ripe about St. Margaret's Day, the 20th of July; the Magdalene, or Maudlin, from St. Magdalene's Day, the 22d of July. And in Curtius1 we find the Joannina, so called, ' Quod circa divi Joannis Baptistse nativitatem esui sint.' These are also noticed by J. Baptista Porta ; he says, ' Est genus alterum quod quia circa festum Divi Joannis maturiscit, vulgus Melo de San Giovanni dicitur.' And according to Tragus,2 ' Quse apud nos prima maturantur, Sanct Johans Opfell, Latine, Prsecocia mala dicuntur.'
" We see, therefore, that apples were called Joannina because they ripened about St. John's Day, and we have among the old French pears Amire Joannet — the ' Wonderful Little John,' which Merlet informs us was so called because it ripened about St. John's Day. If, then, we add to Joannet the termination ing, so general among our names of apples, we have Joannet- ing. There can be no doubt that this is the correct derivation of the name of this apple."
WHITE SPANISH REINETTE.
REFERENCES, i. Pom. Mag., s:No. no. 1830. col. pi. 2. Floy-Lindley, 1833:61. 3. Downing, 1845:130. 4. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:88. 1851.
5. Elliott, 1854:162. 6. Downing, 1869:404. 7. Leroy, 1873:669. fig. 8. Thomas, 1875:231. 9. Hogg, 1884:190. 10. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890 :3oo.
SYNONYMS. American Fall Pippin (9). Belle Josephine (9). Blanche (7). Blanche d'Espagne (7). Camuesar (i, 6, 9). Camoisas du roi d'Es- pagne (7). Camoise Blanche (7). Camoisee Blanche (7). Camuezas (7). Camusar (7). Cobbett's Fall (i) err. Cobbett's Fall Pippin (2, 3, 6, 7) err. Concombre Ancien (i, 2, 5, 7, 9). De Ratteau (i, 2, 5, 7, 9). D'Espagne (1,2, 3, 5, 6, 7). Elgin Pippin? (6). Episcopate (7). Fall Pippin (i, 2, 3, 7, err. 6) err. Josephine (9). Large Fall (i). Large Fall Pippin (2, 3, 6, 7). Phila- delphia Pippin (7). Reinette A Gobelet (7). Reinette Blanche (7). REINETTE BLANCHE D'ESPAGNE (3, 9). Reinette Blanche d'Espagne (i, 2, 5,
6, 7, 8). REINETTE D'ESPAGNE (7). Reinette d'Espagne (i, 6, 9). Reinette Tendre (7). Saint-Germain (7). WHITE SPANISH REINETTE (i, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10). White Spanish Reinette (3, 7, 9). York Pippin (7).
This variety belongs in the group with Fall Pippin and Holland Pippin. It resembles Fall Pippin in the growth of the tree as well as in the color and character of the fruit, but is less regular in shape and keeps later (3, 6). Season here October to January or February; Hogg gives its season in
1 Hortorum, p. 522.
2 Hist., p. 1043.
242 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
England as December to April (9). Lyon gives its season in Michigan as October to January (10).
Historical. This is an old European variety which has long been culti- vated in Spain, France and England (i, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9). It was early imported into this country and is perhaps the parent of our Fall Pippin and Holland Pippin (6). According to Lyon (10) it is seldom seen under its own name. It appears to be but little cultivated in New York having been superseded by other varieties.
FRUIT.
Fruit very large. Form roundish oblate or inclined to oblong, angular, uneven at the crown where it is nearly as broad as at the base (3, 6, 9). Stem short. Cavity narrow, rather small, regular. Calyx large, open. Basin deep, broadly angular, irregular, oblique.
Skin smooth, waxy, yellowish-green, with orange tinge and brownish-red blush on the exposed cheek.
Calyx tube conical. Stamens marginal. Cells open, obovate.
Flesh yellowish-white, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, very good for either dessert or culinary purposes.
Season October to January or February.
WILLIAMS.
REFERENCES, i. Kenrick, 1832 129. 2. Manning, 1838 149. 3. Ib., Mag- Hort., 7:51. 1841. 4. Downing, 1845:79. 5. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:118. 1848. fig. 6. Goodrich, 1849:51. 7. Cole, 1849:100. fig. 8. Thomas, 1849: 142. fig. 9. Waring, 1851:32. fig. 10. Barry, 1851:282. n. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:12. 1851. 12. Elliott, 1854:163. 13. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1854. 14. Hooper, 1857:100. 15. Warder, 1867:618, 736. 16. Fitz, 1872:161. 17. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:26. 18. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:507.
19. Hogg. 1884:243. 20. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:300. 21. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :252. 22. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53 :248. 1894. 23. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:255. 1895. 24. Card, and For., 8:248. 1895. 25- Can. Hort.., 20:183. 1897. 26. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:357. 27. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:312. 1901. 28. Budd-Hansen, 1903:203. fig-
SYNONYMS. Lady's Apple (5). Queen (5). WILLIAMS (i, 5, 6, 7, 12,
20, 26, 27). Williams (7, 8). Williams Early (5, 12, 15, 19). Williams Early Red (7, 12). WILLIAMS FAVORITE (3, 8, 9, 10, n, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25). Williams Favorite (5, 7, 12, 27). Williams Favorite Red (5, 8, 12). WILLIAMS Favorite (28). WILLIAMS FAVOURITE RED (2). WIL- LIAMS FAVOURITE (4, 19). Williams Red (8, 12, 19).
Williams is a very beautiful, bright red apple of mild agreeable flavor, good for dessert but not suitable for culinary uses. It is a favorite in Boston and other eastern markets, and is grown to a limited extent for commercial purposes in some portions of Eastern New York. It does not stand shipping very well, the skin being
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 243
thin, tender and easily bruised, therefore best handled in small packages. It is in season during late August and early September. Under favorable conditions the fruit becomes rather large, but with very heavy crops it is apt to be rather small unless properly thinned. The crop ripens unevenly, and more than one picking is required to secure the fruit in prime condition. The tree being only mod- erately vigorous, it is an advantage to topwork it upon some thrifty hardy stock, such as Northern Spy, Rhode Island Greening, or Tolman Sweet. When topworked in this way the Williams becomes a rather vigorous grower, makes a tree of pretty good size, comes into bearing early and in favorable locations, under good treatment, is a reliable cropper, yielding good crops annually or nearly anually. It can be recommended for commercial planting where fruit of this type and season is desired.
Historical. Williams originated in Roxbury, Mass., more than 150 years ago. It was brought to the notice of the Massachusetts Horticultural So- ciety in 1830 and then named Williams. It had previously been known in market under the name Queen and Lady's Apple (5). It was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in 1854 and is still retained on that list (13). It has become widely disseminated and is still often listed by nurserymen (21) but is nowhere being planted to any con- siderable extent.
TREE.
Tree rather small and a slow grower but when topworked on vigorous stock and properly tilled and fertilized it becomes rather large and vigorous. Form upright spreading or roundish, somewhat dense. Twigs short, curved, moderately stout, with large terminal buds; internodes short. Bark dark brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin ; slightly pubes- cent. Lenticels quite numerous, small to medium size, oblong, raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium or under favorable circumstances rather large, pretty form in size and shape. Form oblong conic to roundish conic, broadly ribbed ; sides often unequal. Stem medium to long, moderately thick. Cavity obtuse, shallow, rather broad, furrowed, sometimes russeted. Calyx above medium size, usually closed ; lobes long. Basin medium to rather shallow, rather narrow to moderately broad, a little abrupt, somewhat furrowed.
Skin moderately thick, rather tender, nearly smooth, pale yellow overlaid with bright deep red, indistinctly striped with dark red or crimson. Dots numerous, inconspicuous, small, grayish or russet.
244 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Calyx- tube long, narrow, funnel-shape or approaching cylindrical, some- times extending to the core. Stamens marginal.
Core medium to rather large, axile; cells closed or slightly open; core lines clasping. Carpels ovate to roundish. Seeds above medium, rather nar- row, long, moderately plump, acute or nearly acuminate, dark brown.
Flesh sometimes tinged with red, firm, a little coarse, moderately crisp, tender, rather juicy, becoming dry when overripe, pleasant mild subacid, aromatic, good.
Season late August and September.
WILLIS SWEET.
REFERENCES, i. Mag. Hort., 18:491. 1852. 2. ? Elliott, 1854:179. 3. Hicks, Horticulturist, 21:361. 1866. fig. 4. Warder, 1867:635. 5. Downing, 1869: 408. fig. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1869. 7. Thomas, 1875:516. 8. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:252.
SYNONYMS. Pear Lot (5). Pear-Tree Lot (5). WILLIS SWEET (2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). WILLIS SWEETING (i, 3).
A rather large sweet apple in season in late summer and early autumn. According to Downing the tree is a good grower and productive; the fruit whitish with shade of light red washed with crimson; flesh crisp, juicy, tender, rich, sweet, very good; valuable for dessert, for culinary purposes and for market (5).
Historical. A chance seedling that originated at Oyster Bay, Long Island, about 1800, on the farm of Edmond Willis. It first had the local name of Pear- tree Lot or Pear Lot. Later it was named Willis Sweeting by Parsons & Co., of Flushing, N. Y. (3). In 1869 it was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society (6), but was dropped from that list in 1899. It is still occasionally listed by nurserymen (8) but is now seldom planted. It is not generally known in New York.
WINE RUBETS.
REFERENCES, i. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1885:7. 2. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:600. 1893. 3. Ib., 12:603. 1893. 4. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56:337. 1905-
SYNONYMS. CUT WINE (2). Cut Wine (3, 4). No. 210 (i, 2, 3, 4). Rubets Vinogradnui (4). Rub ets vino gradnui (i). Rubez vuinogradnui (4). VINOGRAD (i). Vinograd (3). WINE RUBETS (3, 4).
Fruit below medium size, nearly symmetrical, covered with delicate bloom. Skin green, lightly shaded with red and with a crimson cheek. Basin shallow, wrinkled. Stem medium length, slender, set in a deep cavity. Flesh mild subacid, fair to good in quality. Begins to ripen here about the ist of August. Not recommended for planting in New York.
Historical. A Russian apple imported by the United States Department of Agriculture. It was received here in 1888 from Dr. T. H. Hoskins, New- port, Vt, under the name Cut Wine.
WOLF RIVER
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 245
WINTHROP GREENING.
REFERENCES, i. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 12:475. 1846. 2. Cole, 1849:104. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1854. 4. Mag. Hort., 21 :6$. 1855. 5. Downing, 1857 : 204. 6. Warder, 1867:737. 7. Thomas, 1875:209. 8. Downing, 1881:11 index, app. 9. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:300. 10. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45 '347- 1896.
SYNONYMS. Howe Apple (2, 5). Kennebec Seedling (8). LINCOLN (i), LINCOLN PIPPIN (4). Lincoln Pippin (2, 5). WINTHROP GREENING (2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10).
Fruit yellow, tinged with red, of good size and good quality; season September to early winter. The flesh is tender, crisp, very juicy, sprightly, mild subacid (2). The tree is a shy bearer.
Historical Originated in Winthrop, Me., about the year 1800 (i, 2). It was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in 1854 (3) and dropped from that list in 1897. It is but little known in New York.
WOLF RIVER.
REFERENCES, i. Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1875:107. 2. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:452. 3. Budd, Ib., 1880:524. 4. Downing, 1881:113 app. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1881:16. 6. Barry, 1883:357. 7. Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886:148. 8. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1886:271. fig. 9. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt.. 1887:93. 10. Can. Hort., 11:9. 1888. n. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:253. 12. Can. Hort., 16 :34. 1893. 13. Ib., 20 :34. 1897. 14. Thomas, 1897 :2&6. fig. 15. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bui, 61 :32. 1897. 16. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 6:32. 1899. 17. Can. Hort., 22:121, 437. 1899. ngs. 18. Woolver- ton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 7:10. 1900. figs: 19. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:313. 1901. 20. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76:116. 1902. fig. 21. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. But., 106:56. 1902. 22. Budd-Hansen, 1903:207. fig. 23. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48:61. 1903. 24. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui., 248:151. 1904.
SYNONYMS. None.
This is a variety of the Aport group. It resembles Alexander very closely in size, form, and color. Hansen states (20) that it is " supposed to be a seedling of the Alexander, which it sometimes resembles, but is more round and less conical, and averages larger, as grown in the West. The Wolf River has largely superseded Alexander in the western states. Tree a strong spreading grower, not an early bearer, but productive in alternate years." As fruited at this Station it is in season from September to December, with October as the commercial limit in ordinary storage. In cold storage it may be held till January. It does not stand heat well,
246 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
and goes down quickly (24). The tree is very hardy and a good grower, and is a biennial or sometimes annual cropper, yielding moderate to good crops. The fruit, being large, shapely and highly colored, often sells well because of its attractive appearance ; some fruit growers are rinding it a profitable variety.
Historical. Originated by W. A. Springer, near Wolf River, Fremont county, Wis., hence its name. It was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in 1881 (5). It is frequently listed by nurserymen (n). Within recent years it has been planted to a limited extent in New York state and at the present time its cultivation is probably increasing somewhat.
TREE.
Tree large, moderately vigorous. Form much spreading, open and in- clined to droop. Twigs short, straight, slender ; internodes short. Bark brown, tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf -skin ; slightly pubes- cent. Lenticels scattering, small, round, not raised. Buds small, plump, obtuse to acute, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit large, uniform in size and fairly uniform in shape. Form broad and flat at the base and somewhat inclined to conic or roundish, often some- what irregular. Stem short to medium, rather thick, not exserted. Cavity acuminate, usually deep, rather wide and very heavily russeted. Calyx medium to large, open or closed. Basin medium to deep, moderately nar- row, abrupt, usually smooth, somewhat broadly furrowed.
Skin rather thick, pale bright yellow or greenish, mottled and blushed with bright deep red and marked with conspicuous splashes and broad stripes of bright carmine. Dots numerous, medium to rather large, areolar, depressed, pale or russet.
Calyx- tube conical. Stamens median to basal.
Core below medium to rather large, somewhat abaxile ; cells closed or partly open ; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly cordate, approaching elliptical, slightly emarginate, somewhat tufted. Seeds dark brown, of medium size, rather wide, short, moderately plump, obtuse.
Flesh slightly tinged with yellow, firm, moderately coarse, tender, juicy, subacid, a little aromatic, fair to good.
Season September to December.
WORKAROE,
REFERENCES, i. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 8:349. 1889. 2. Beach, Ib., 11:588. 1892.
SYNONYMS. None.
A Russian apple of good size, pale yellow, blushed and striped with red and overspread with pinkish bloom. Flesh firm, crisp, tender, juicy, rather
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 247
mild subacid with an agreeable but not high flavor and good quality. It is a good apple but hardly equal to other varieties of its season. The tree does not come into bearing very young but is a pretty good grower and eventually a good cropper yielding full crops biennially.
Received in 1884 from Ellwanger and Barry, Rochester, N. Y., for testing at this Station.
YELLOW CALVILLE.
REFERENCES, i. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1885:17. 2. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:48. 3. Beach and Paddock, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:584. 1894. 4- Beach, W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 41 :5o. 1896. 5. Ragan, U. 6'. B. P. I. Bui, 56 :345, 353- IQOS-
SYNONYMS. Kalvil jeltui (2, 5). Kalville scholti (i, 2, 5). No. 442 (i, 2, 3, 5)- Voronezh No. 21 (3). YELLOW CALVILLE (i, 2, 3, 4, 5).
An August apple, medium to rather small, smooth, pale yellow, some- times with faint blush, oblate to oblate conic. Cavity acute, wide, rather shallow; calyx closed; basin shallow, slightly wrinkled; flesh white, fine- grained, tender, moderately juicy, subacid, fair or sometimes good. The tree comes into bearing moderately young and is nearly an annual cropper. Not recommended for cultivation in this state being much inferior to standard sorts of its season.
Historical. This is a Russian apple, being No. 442 of the importation of the United States Department of Agriculture of 1870 (3, 5). Later it was im- ported by the Iowa Agricultural College under the designation Voronesh No. 21 (i). In 1888 it was received for testing at this Station from Dr. T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vt. It is practically unknown in New York.
YELLOW TRANSPARENT.
REFERENCES, i. Leroy, 1873 :846. fig. 2. Budd, la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880 : 523. 3. Downing, 1881:114 app. fig. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat.,, 1881 :i6. 5. Webster, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 7:54. 1881. 6. Gibb, Ib., 7:154. 1881. 7. Ib., la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883 :437. 8. Barry, 1883 :336. 9. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 43:651. 1884. fig. 10. Penhollow, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 10:65. 1884. ii. Thomas, 1885:530. 12. Rural N. Y., 44:185, 200. 1885. 13. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:14. 14. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:92. 15. Rural N. Y., 46:107, 201, 382. 1887. fig. 16. Can. Hort., 11:209, 223. 1888. 17. Fisk, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 14:33. 1889. 18. Can. Hort., 13:121, 132, 216, 272, 301. 1890. 19. Hamilton, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 15:27. 1890. 20. Can. Hort., 15:281. 1892. 21. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:253. 22. Budd, la. Sta. Bui., 19:535. 1892. 23. Pa. Sta. Rpt., 1892:110. fig. 24. Hoskins, Card, and For., 7:138. 1894. 25. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 2:11. 1895. figs. 26. Van Deman, Rural N. Y., 55:613. 1896. 27. Hoskins, Ib., 56:156. 1897. 28. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 4:5. 1897. figs. 29. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bui., 61:32. 1897. 30. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bui., 130:122. 1901. 31. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:313. 1901. 32. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui., 76:119. 1902. fig. 33. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bui, 106 :56. 1902. 34. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:85, 88. 1902. 35. Rural N. Y., 61:626. 1902. fig. 36. Budd-Hansen,
248 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
1903:213. fig. 37. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui, 205:47. 1903. 38. Bruner, N. C. Sta. Bui, 182:24. 1903.
SYNONYMS. De Revel (i). Grand-Sultan (i). Revelstone (i). SKWOSNOI SCHOTOI (7). Skwosnoi Schotoi (5). Transparente de Saint- Leger (i). TRANSPARENTE JAUNE (i). YELLOW TRANSPARENT (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 3i, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38). Yellow Transparent (7).
This is one of the best of the extra early apples, being excellent for culinary use and acceptable for dessert. It is not equal in qual- ity to Early Harvest, but it begins to ripen somewhat earlier and is a more reliable cropper, yielding good crops annually or nearly so. Generally speaking, it is grown in New York state for home use only, but in some places it is cultivated to a limited extent for market, particularly for local market. It is desirable for this pur- pose because it takes on a good clear yellow color before becoming overripe. On account of its delicate color and tender skin it shows bruises readily and must be handled with extra care. The crop ripens continuously through a period of three or four weeks, and two or more pickings are required in order to secure the fruit in prime condition. It begins to ripen in July, and continues in season in some cases till early September. On young or vigorous-growing trees the fruit may grow rather large, but on mature slow-growing trees, especially when they are overloaded, the fruit is apt to be below medium size unless thinned. The tree is a moderately vig- orous grower, hardy, healthy and comes into bearing very young. In some portions of the West it suffers from twig blight (fire blight) but it appears to be quite free from this disease in New York.
Historical Imported from Russia by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1870. Its merits were first brought to notice in this country by Dr. T. H. Hoskins, of Newport, Vt. (9). It has been disseminated throughout the apple-growing regions of the country from the Atlantic to the Pacific and is now commonly listed by nurserymen (21). In New York its cultivation for home use is gradually increasing, and occasionally it is grown to a limited extent for market.
TREE.
Tree of medium size, moderately vigorous, with short, stout, crooked branches filled with short spurs. Form upright at first but becoming spread- ing or roundish and rather dense. Twigs short, curved, stout with large
YELLOW TRANSPARENT
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 249
terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark conspicuously yellow or tawny, lightly streaked with scarf-skin ; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, me- dium to small, oval or elongated, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium or above medium, sometimes large, pretty uniform in shape and size. Form roundish ovate to roundish conic or oblate conic, slightly ribbed; sides unequal. Stem medium to long, rather thick. Cavity acute or approaching obtuse, medium to deep, rather narrow, sometimes slightly lipped, sometimes russeted. Calyx medium size, closed; lobes medium in length, broad. Basin moderately shallow, rather narrow, somewhat abrupt, fur- rowed and slightly wrinkled.
Skin thin, tender, smooth, waxy, pale greenish-yellow changing to an at- tractive yellowish-white. Dots moderately numerous, greenish and light colored, often submerged.
Calyx tube conical. Stamens marginal.
Core medium to small; cells partly open to wide open; core lines clasp- ing. Carpels broadly ovate. Seeds medium size, rather wide, rather flat, obtuse to slightly acute.
Flesh white, moderately firm, fine-grained, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid with a pleasant but not high flavor, good or sometimes very good.
Season late July and August.
YOPP.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1857:205. 2. Horticulturist, 12:179. ^57- 3- Warder, 1867:737. 4. Fitz, 1872:175. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 6. Le- roy, 1873:871. figs. 7. Thomas, 1875:517. 8. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:253. 9. Clayton, Ala. Sta. Bui, 47:7. 1893. TO. Budd-Hansen, 1903:213.
SYNONYMS. YOPP (10). YOPP'S FAVORITE (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9).
A southern apple of little value in New York. It originated in Georgia. In 1873 it was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological So- ciety (5). It is practically unknown in this state.
As grown at this Station the fruit is medium to rather large, oblate conic to roundish conic, somewhat ribbed; stem short, slender; cavity acuminate, moderately wide, rather deep, usually russeted; calyx small, open; basin narrow, moderately deep to deep, abrupt, wrinkled. Skin light yellow usually with a dull red blush ; dots numerous, small, russet. Calyx tube conical ; stamens median. Core medium to small; cells partly open; core lines clasp- ing. Carpels broadly roundish, emarginate, somewhat tufted. Flesh whitish, somewhat tinged with yellow, moderately fine, tender, juicy, breaking, sub- acid, fair to good ; season October and November.
The tree is below medium size, a rather slow grower with spreading tcp. It comes into bearing moderately early and yields good crops biennially.
YORK.
A variety which is known to many in Central and Western New York under the name York Pippin is now called by
250 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
pomologists Golden Pippin, under which name it is described on page 78. It is an apple of the Fall Pippin group, large, quite yellow when fully ripe, often with a brownish blush on the exposed cheek.
Fall Pippin has also been known to some under the name York Pippin. It is described on page 61.
Both of these are distinct from the York which is a Massa- chusetts apple of medium size, pale yellow with shade of red, good to very good for culinary uses. Season October and November.1
1 Downing, 1869 1420.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 251
SIBERIAN CRABAPPLES AND THEIR HYBRIDS AND OTHER
CRABAPPLES.
BAILEY CRIMSON,
REFERENCES, i. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1871 150. 2. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:91. 3. Ib., 1884:38. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:234.
SYNONYMS. BAILEY'S CRIMSON (2, 4, of New York 3). BAILEY'S CRIMSON CRAB (i).
In 1871 the Committee of the American Pomological Society on Native Fruits made the following report concerning this variety : " Originated with Wm. H. Bailey, Pittsburgh, N. Y. Tree vigorous, upright, very productive and very handsome.
" Fruit medium or large for its class ; roundish, inclining to conic ; skin yellow, shaded over the whole surface with deep rich crimson ; flesh similar to other Siberian crabs."
We have not seen this variety nor have we obtained any report concerning it from our correspondents.
BRIER.
REFERENCES, i. Rural N. Y., 1870 (cited by 2). 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1871:51. 3. Downing, 1872:39 app. 4. Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:70. 5. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881 :322. 6. Barry, 1883 :358. 7« Gibb, Mon- treal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884:34. 8. Keffer, S. D. Sta. Bui, 23:141. 1891. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:235. 10. Thomas, 1897:629. n. Budd-Hansen, 1903:216. fig.
SYNONYMS. BRIAR SWEET (i, 2, 9). BRIER (n). BRIER'S SWEET (4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Brier Sweet (n, erroneously 10). BRIER'S SWEET CRAB (3). VAN WYCK (10).
Tree vigorous, hardy, comes into bearing rather young and is productive.
Historical. Originated with B. B. Brier, of Baraboo, Wis., as a result of the fertilization of the Siberian crab with the Bailey apple (3).
FRUIT.
Fruit large. Form roundish to conic, ribbed. Stem long, slender. Cavity narrow, deep, russeted. Calyx small, closed or slightly open. Basin deep, narrow, abrupt, wrinkled.
Skin pale yellow washed with lively red, striped with carmine, dotted and flecked with yellow and covered with thin, whitish bloom.
Calyx tube conical to funnel-form. Stamens median.
Core medium in size, axile or nearly so ; cells closed.
Flesh yellowish, rich, fine-grained, moderately juicy, pleasant, sweet, aro- matic, not astringent, good in flavor and quality.
Season September and October.
252 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
CHERRY.
REFERENCES, i. Warder, 1867:715. 2. Downing, 1869:422. 3. Barry, 1883 :35Q. 4. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884 '39- 5- Thomas, 1897 :2g8. fig. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903:217.
SYNONYMS. CHERRY (2, 5, 6). CHERRY CRAB (i, 3, 4).
Cherry is an old variety of unknown origin. The tree is a pretty good grower, particularly on light soils, attains considerable size and is quite a regular bearer.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with long, slender, curved branches. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs moderately long, straight, mod- erately stout; internodes long. Bark clear reddish-brown tinged with olive- green, mottled with scarf-skin especially at the tips; slightly pubescent. Lenticels very scattering, small, roundish, not raised. Buds prominent, me- dium to large, plump, acute, free, not pubescent.
, FRUIT.
Fruit small. Form oblate or roundish, ribbed. Stem long to very long, slender, bracted. Cavity rather broad, shallow, obtuse to slightly acute, somewhat russeted. Calyx medium to large, usually closed or eventually deciduous. Basin wide, shallow, obtuse, wrinkled.
Skin pale yellow nearly covered with bright red, often striped with car- mine and overspread with a thin bluish bloom. Dots distinct, numerous, large, whitish or russet.
Calyx tube funnel-form. Stamens marginal.
Core large, axile; cells closed. Carpels broadly roundish or elliptical, emarginate, mucronate.
Flesh yellowish, rather coarse, juicy, crisp, mild subacid, somewhat astringent.
Season last of August to October.
CORAL.
REFERENCES, i. Warder, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 5:208. 1869. 2. Downing, 1869:423. 3. Barry, 1883:359- 4- N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 2:35. 1884.
SYNONYMS. None.
Fruit of pretty good size, brilliant color, sprightly subacid flavor, in season from October to February. The tree is a pretty good grower, rather spreading, comes into bearing early and is a reliable cropper yielding good crops annually.
Historical. In 1869 Warder described this as No. 4 of the Marengo Winter Siberian crabapples received from Charles Andrews, Marengo, 111. (i). It originated in the vicinity of Marengo (2). It is but little cultivated in New York.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium size or above, about an inch and a half in diameter. Form roundish to somewhat oblong, regular. Stem medium to rather long, slender, bracted. Cavity somewhat acute, medium in width and depth, regu-
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 253
lar, usually russeted. Calyx small, closed; lobes reflexed. Basin very shal- low, broad and obtuse, or none.
Skin smooth, yellow, blushed with scarlet. Dots numerous, medium to small, gray or russet.
Calyx tube long, narrow, funnel-form. Stamens median.
Core medium to rather small, axile with narrow cylinder in the axis; cells closed or nearly so; core lines clasp the funnel cylinder. Carpels roundish ovate. Seeds compactly fill the cells ; small to above medium, obtuse to somewhat acute, plump, dark.
Flesh yellow, breaking, juicy, crisp, sprightly, mild subacid to nearly sweet.
Season October to February.
CURRANT.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1857 1229. 2. Barry, 1883 1359. 3. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:237. 4. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884:39.
SYNONYMS. CURRANT (2). CURRANT CRAB (i, 3). CURRENT CRAB (4). Pomme Groseille (i).
Fruit small, borne in clusters ; said to be hardier than Transcendent. Of no commercial value. The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing young and is productive.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with moderately long, slender, curved branches. Form upright spreading or roundish, open. Twigs long, curved, slender; internodes short. Bark dark brown, lightly mottled with scarf-skin ; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, roundish, slightly raised. Buds medium size, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit small or below medium. Form somewhat oblate, regular, uniform. Stem medium to long, rather slender. Cavity obtuse, rather deep, broad, symmetrical, frequently russeted. Calyx sometimes deciduous, medium size, closed ; lobes rather narrow, acute. Basin rather deep, wide, abrupt, ob- scurely furrowed.
Skin thin, tough, smooth, glossy, yellow, striped with brilliant red, over- spread with bluish bloom. Dots numerous, small, pr.le or whitish.
Calyx tube broadly cone-shaped, short. Stamens marginal.
Core medium to rather large, axile; cells closed; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish to elliptical, emarginate. Seeds light brown, medium to large, wide, somewhat obtuse.
Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately fine, tender, dry, subacid, medium to poor.
Season October and November.
DARTMOUTH.
REFERENCES, i. Barry, 1883:359. 2. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 15:277. 1896. 3. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bui., 143:200. 1897. 4. Farrand, Ib., 205:47. 1903. 5- Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui., 56:363. 1905.
SYNONYMS. None.
254 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Fruit large, brilliantly colored, good in flavor and quality. The tree is not a vigorous grower, comes into bearing rather early and yields full crops in alternate years.
Historical. Origin New Hampshire (i).
TREE.
Tree a moderately vigorous or rather slow grower with moderately long, stout, crooked branches. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs short, curved, moderately stout; internodes short. Bark clear brown, min- gled with olive-green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin ; pubescent near tips. Lenticels scattering, small, round, slightly raised. Buds rather prominent, medium to large, long, narrow, acute, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large. Form oblate or roundish oblate, ribbed. Stem long and slender, often bracted. Cavity acute, broad, deep, russeted. Calyx small ; lobes long, reflexed. Basin rather broad, shallow.
Skin pale yellow, almost entirely overlaid with bright red deepening to a dark red or purple on the exposed side, dotted with yellow and covered with a heavy bluish bloom.
Calyx tube elongated cone-shape approaching funnel-form. Stamens marginal.
Core large, abaxile ; cells open ; core lines clasping.
Flesh yellowish, tinged with red next the skin, fine-grained, juicy, mild subacid, good in quality and flavor.
Season August.
EXCELSIOR.
REFERENCES, i. ///. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880. 2. Gideon, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:26. 3. Rural N. Y., 45:184. 1886. figs. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:238. 5. Beach and Paddock, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:580. 1894. 6. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:73. 1896. 7. Lyon, U. S. Pom. Bui., 6:11. 1897. 8. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:11. 9. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:83. 1902. 10. Thomas, 1903:348. n. Budd-Hansen, 1903:218. 12. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui, 205:47. 1903. 13. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48:41. 1903.
SYNONYMS. None.
Fruit very large for a crabapple being nearly as large as a medium sized apple. It is very attractive in appearance and excellent in quality for either dessert or culinary uses. As grown at this Station it appears to be one of the most desirable varieties of its class during early September. The tree is a good strong grower, hardy, healthy, comes into bearing rather young and yields full crops in alternate years.
"\
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 255
Historical. Originated by Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minn. " It came from seed of Wealthy which had a chance to be crossed with the Cherry Crab and also the Oldenburg" (2).
TREE.
Tree large with long, moderately stout branches. Form somewhat flat and spreading, rather dense. Twigs short, curved, stout ; internodes medium. Bark dark brown tinged with red; slightly pubescent. Lenticels quite nu- merous, medium size, oval, slightly raised. Buds medium to large, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit very large. Form roundish ovate to roundish oblate, symmetrical. Stem rather long and slender, sometimes bracted. Cavity small, acute or approaching acuminate, narrow, rather shallow, often slightly russeted. Calyx rather large, closed ; lobes reflexed. Basin shallow, moderately broad, obtuse, furrowed.
Skin smooth, yellow, shaded and splashed with red over much of its surface. Dots numerous, russet.
Caly.v tube wide, cone-shape. Stamens median or above.
Core large, decidedly abaxile; cells unsymmetrical, wide open; core lines clasping. Carpels elongated ovate, sometimes tufted. Seeds above medium size, long, moderately narrow, acute, tufted.
Flesh whitish, firm, a little coarse, crisp, juicy, subacid, with some Siberian crab flavor yet agreeable for dessert use, good to very good in quality.
Season early September.
FLORENCE.
REFERENCES, i. Stark, Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886:233. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:134. 3. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bui, 118:59, 60. 1895. 4. Thomas, 1897:298. 5. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bui, 152:219, 224. 1898. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903:219.
SYNONYMS. None.
This variety seems to be very desirable for commercial plant- ing because the trees commence bearing very young, are reliable croppers and very prolific and the fruit is of good size, very attractive in appearance and of good quality. Although not superior to Martha in quality, Florence is more beautiful and more prolific.
Historical. Originated by Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minn.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous. Form at first upright spreading but eventually inclined to droop. Twigs long, curved, moderately stout ; internodes long.
-v
256 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
Bark bright reddish-brown, slightly tinged with olive-green, mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Buds large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, not pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium in size, uniform in size and shape. Form oblate, faintly ribbed. Stem very long, slender. Cavity acute, deep, medium in width, symmetrical, sometimes slightly russeted. Calyx variable, usually small, closed. Basin very shallow, rather wide, obtuse, slightly furrowed.
Skin moderately thin, moderately tough, smooth, yellowish-white mostly overspread with brilliant pinkish-red, sometimes with whitish bands radiat- ing from the cavity, overspread with faint bloom. Dots minute, whitish.
Calyx tube moderately long, moderately wide, varying from somewhat urn-shape to funnel-form. Stamens marginal.
Core large ; cells closed ; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly obovate, emarginate. Seeds medium to rather small, moderately wide, flat, obtuse.
Flesh tinged with yellow, coarse, crisp, rather tender, juicy, very brisk subacid, somewhat astringent, good.
Season late August and early September.
GIBB.
REFERENCES, i. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884:35. fig. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:29. 3. Stark, Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886:233. 4. ///. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1889:22. 5. Craig, Can. Hort., 15:225. 1892. fig. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:11. 7. Thomas, 1897:298. fig. 8. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui., 205:47. 1903. 9. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui., 48:42. 1903. 10. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :2i9. fig.
SYNONYMS. None.
Fruit large, yellow blushed with dull red. It is thinner skinned and much less astringent than Hyslop with remarkably yellow flesh. It is highly esteemed for canning; season last half of September. It is recommended for the home orchard and is worthy of trial for commercial planting where a crabapple of its season is desired. The tree is a slow, spreading grower fairly hardy as far north as Montreal, very productive (5).
Historical. Originated with George P. Peffer, Pewaukee, Wis., being a seedling of an oblate Yellow Siberian crab crossed with Fall Greening (5, 10).
FRUIT (5, 7, 10).
Fruit large. Form roundish oblate. Stem short to medium length, thick. Cavity wide, deep, regular. Calyx medium size, open. Basin very wide, shallow, wrinkled.
Skin thin, yellow, blushed with dull red, attractive. Dots white, minute.
Flesh remarkably yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, pleasantly acid, a little astring- ent, sprightly.
Season early.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 257
HYSLOP.
REFERENCES, i. Warder, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 1869 :2o6. figs. 2. Downing, 1869:424. 3. Fitz, 1872:147. 4. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:21. 5. Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:110. 6. Barry, 1883:359. 7. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884:39. 8. Thomas, 1885:513. 9. Wickson, 1889:249. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1802:241. n. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:134. 12. La. Sta. Bui, 27 :926. 1894. 13. Can. Hort., 26 :489. 1903. figs. 14. Budd- Hansen, 1903:220. fig.
SYNONYMS. HISLOP (i). HYSLOP (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14). HYSLOP'S CRAB (8).
Fruit large, very brilliantly colored, dark red or purplish over- spread with thick blue bloom ; borne in clusters. The tree is a good grower, very hardy, and a reliable cropper yielding good crops biennially or in some cases annually. It is desirable both for home use and for market.
Historical. Origin unknown. In 1869 Downing remarked: "This variety has been long and pretty extensively cultivated" (2). It is commonly listed by nurserymen throughout the country (10). It is one of the best known and most widely cultivated of the crabapples.
TREE.
Tree vigorous or moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading, rather open. Twigs long, curved, slender; internodes long. Bark olive-green, tinged with reddish-brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin ; slightly pubes- cent near tips. Lenticels numerous, very conspicuous, greenish-yellow, medium to large, oblong. Buds exceptionally large and prominent, very long, narrow, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium to large, very uniform in size and shape. Form roundish ovate or obovate, sometimes a little inclined to oblong, regular or obscurely ribbed, symmetrical. Stem rather short to very long, slender. Cavity acuminate, rather small, shallow, narrow to medium in width, some- times furrowed, often slightly russeted. Cctyx medium to large, closed; lobes medium to long, narrow, acuminate, reflexed. Basin shallow, medium to wide, distinctly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin clear pale yellow almost completely overspread with lively dark red shading to deep carmine or purplish carmine and covered with thick, blue bloom. Dots small, numerous, pale or gray.
Calyx tube short, narrow, cone-shape to urn-shape. Stamens median.
Core medium size, axile; cells symmetrical, closed; core lines meeting. Carpels elongated ovate, emarginate. Seeds small, narrow, short, plump, obtuse to acute, medium brown.
Flesh yellow, sometimes with tinge of red next the skin, very firm, mod-
258 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
erately fine, at first juicy but eventually becoming dry and mealy, subacid, astringent, good for culinary purposes. Season late September and October.
LARGE RED SIBERIAN.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1845:147. 2. Cole, 1849:137. 3. Fitz, 1872:147. 4. Barry, 1883:359. 5. Wickson, 1889:249. 6. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:243. SYNONYMS. None.
This fruit is of medium size for a Siberian crab, being larger than Red Siberian, but smaller than either Transcendent or Hyslop. It is similar to Red Siberian in appearance and quality. The foliage is coarser than that of Red Siberian, and the tree is larger, being medium to rather large, a vigorous grower, erect or roundish, with long, slender twigs. It is very hardy, healthy, moderately long-lived, and a reliable cropper, yielding heavy crops biennially or some- times annually. It has long been known in cultivation, and is still listed by nurserymen (6), but larger and handsomer varieties of more recent introduction are generally preferred in market.
FRUIT.
Fruit of medium size, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish to roundish ovate, regular. Stem medium to long, slender. Cavity acuminate, shallow, moderately broad, often furrowed, usually russeted. Calyx medium size, closed; lobes long, narrow, acuminate. Basin shallow or none, obtuse, wrinkled, having mammiform protuberances.
Skin thin, tough, smooth, pale yellow, almost wholly overlaid with bright red and marked with obscure narrow stripes of dark red. Dots very small, light, inconspicuous.
Calyx tube short, wide, urn-shape. Stamens median to marginal.
Core medium size, axile; cells closed; core lines meeting. Carpels ovate to obovate, emarginate. Seeds glossy, dark brown, rather small, short, wide, obtuse.
Flesh yellowish, very firm, subacid, astringent, good for culinary uses.
Season September and October.
LARGE YELLOW SIBERIAN.
REFERENCES, i. Warder, 1867:732. 2. Downing, 1869:425. 3. Barry, 1883:360. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:243. SYNONYMS. None.
Fruit large, similar in size to Large Red Siberian, clear pale yellow with a shade of red in the sun, roundish approaching oblong truncate; season September and October. Tree upright, somewhat irregular in form, of me-
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 259
dinm size, vigorous or moderately vigorous, very hardy, healthy, comes into bearing young and is very productive. It is generally superseded in market by larger varieties.
MARENGO.
REFERENCES. i. Elliott, Horticulturist, 23:136. 1868. fig. 2. Warder, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 5:207. 1869. fig. 3. Downing, 1869:425. 4. Horticul- turist, 26:371. 1871. 5. ///. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1877:112. 6. Ib., 1879:196. 7. Barry, 1883:360. 8. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884:37. 9. Thomas, 1885:226, 517. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:244. n. Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:134. 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :222.
SYNONYMS. MARENGO (5, 6). MARENGO CRAB (3, 7, 9, 10, IT, 12). MARENGO No. i (2, 8). MARENGO WINTER CRAB (i, 4). Marengo Winter Crab (2).
Originated at Marengo, 111. (3, 6). This is a good variety for home use where a late-keeping crabapple is desired, and some have found it a profit- able market variety but other varieties of its season which are more attractive in color are generally preferred for commercial purposes. The tree is of medium size, vigorous, spreading, very hardy, long-lived and a reliable cropper usually yielding heavy crops annually. The limbs are very tough and support heavy loads well. The fruit hangs well to the tree till very late in the season. It agrees well with the following description given by Warder (2) : " Fruit globular, truncate, regular, or slightly flattened on the sides, one of the largest of its class ; surface smooth, yellow, blushed or covered with crimson; dots minute; basin shallow, folded; eye small, closed; cavity medium, regular; stem long; core large, closed, meeting the eye; seeds few, small, plump, light brown; flesh yellow, firm, rather juicy; flavor subacid, aromatic. Use, kitchen and dessert; quality, good; season, winter, and till spring in the North."
MARTHA.
REFERENCES, i. ? la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:452. 2. Ib., 1880:68. 3. Rural N. Y., 45:284. 1886. figs. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:134. 5. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:244. 6. Thomas, 1897:299. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:11. 8. Budd-Hansen, 1903:222. 9. Rural N. Y., 62:235. 1903. 10. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui, 205 147. 1903.
SYNONYMS. None.
Fruit large, very handsome clear yellow more or less overspread with bright red ; excellent in flavor and quality ; one of the very best of its class for all culinary purposes. The tree is of medium size, moderately vigorous, roundish or spreading, very hardy, comes into bearing young, and is a reliable cropper, yielding good to heavy crops annually or nearly annually. The fruit hangs well to the tree, is uniform, reliable, and satisfactory in appearance and
260 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
quality. Season, September to late fall. It should be more gen- erally grown in New York.
Historical. Originated with Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minn. It has as yet been grown but little in this state.
TREE.
Tree medium in size, moderately vigorous. Form spreading, open and somewhat inclined to droop. Twigs long, curved, slender; internodes long. Bark reddish-brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, not pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, small, oblong, not raised. Buds very prominent, large, long, acute, free, not pubescent. Leaves rather long, somewhat twisted and drooping.
FRUIT.
Fruit usually rather large, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish or oblate, regular or very faintly ribbed, usually symmetrical ; sides sometimes unequal. Stem long, slender. Cavity acute to somewhat obtuse, medium in depth to rather shallow, rather broad, sometimes furrowed, often thinly russeted. Calyx medium to small, closed or partly open, occasionally de- ciduous. Basin shallow, wide, obtuse, smooth.
Skin moderately thin, tough, smooth, clear pale yellow almost entirely covered with an attractive bright light red overspread with bluish bloom; sometimes faint narrow stripes extend from the cavity to calyx. Dots rather numerous, light-colored, small to medium size.
Calyx tube short, rather narrow, very small, conical or somewhat funnel- form. Stamens median to marginal.
Core medium size, axile; cells closed or nearly so. Carpels roundish or somewhat obovate, slightly tufted. Seeds medium size, rather narrow, acute to acuminate.
Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately coarse, crisp, juicy, rather brisk sub- acid, good to very good in flavor and quality.
Season September to November.
MINNESOTA.
REFERENCES. I. Gideon, Horticulturist, 27:244. 1872. 2. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1883:125. 3. Ib., Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 10:36. 1884. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:244. 5. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 15:277. 1896. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :223. 7. Thomas, 1903 :34Q.
SYNONYMS. MINNESOTA CRAB (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). MINNESOTA (i).
This variety originated in Minnesota. The fruit is very large for its class, roundish; skin pale yellow blushed or mottled on the sunny side and over- spread with thin whitish bloom; flesh white, firm, crisp, juicy, fine-grained, subacid to mild subacid or nearly sweet, slightly astringent, good. Season September and October. As grown at this Station the tree is of spreading form, moderately vigorous and not very productive.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 261
MONTREAL BEAUTY.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1869:425. 2. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:17. 3. ///. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1877:112. 4. Barry, 1883:360. 5. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884:39. 6. Wickson, 1889:249. 7. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:244. 8. Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:134. 9. Thomas, 1897:299. 10. Budd- Hansen, 1903:223.
SYNONYMS. MONTREAL (10). Montreal Beauty (10). MONTREAL BEAUTY CRAB (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9).
This very beautiful fruit originated in Quebec and was propa- gated as early as 1833. Gibb (2, 5) states the tree is less hardy than that of Transcendent, but is strong, vigorous, rather large, at first very close and upright, does not come into bearing early, but bears heavily. The fruit is large for its class, oblong conic to roundish oblong and truncate, yellowish-green, mostly covered with red; flesh yellowish-white, tender, rather juicy, unless overripe, subacid, very slightly astringent ; season, late September and October. It is well known in the vicinity of Montreal and other portions of Quebec. In the United States it is quite frequently listed by nurserymen (7), yet it is not generally known.
OBLONG.
REFERENCES, i. Desportes, Horticulturist, 6:507. 1851. fig. 2. Downing, 1869:425. 3. Barry, 1883:360.
SYNONYMS. Baccata fructa oblonga (i). OBLONG-FRUITED SIBERIAN CRAB (2). OBLONG SIBERIAN CRAB (i, 3).
Fruit medium size, oblong conic, yellowish-white, partly shaded with crim- son, striped with carmine and covered with thin bloom; stem very long, slender, usually bracted. This variety has been sparingly disseminated in New York but is now seldom or never planted here. It is not superior to other varieties of its season.
ORANGE.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1869 ^25. 2. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884 :36. fig. 3. Thomas, 1897 :299. fig. 4. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :224.
SYNONYMS. None.
A variety of American origin but little grown in New York. Some regard it as a desirable variety for both home use and market. The tree is roundish, spreading, dwarfish, a moderate or rather slow grower, hardy, moderately long-lived and a reliable cropper yielding good to heavy crops annually. It comes into bearing rather young. Season September to No- vember.
262 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
FRUIT (i, 4).
Fruit medium size. Form roundish, slightly oblate. Stem very long, slender. Cavity open, deep, acute with trace of russet. Calyx closed. Basin very shallow or flat, wrinkled.
Skin orange-yellow often netted with • russet. Dots minute, white, obscure.
Core open.
Flesh light salmon-yellow, a little dry, rather mild subacid with sweet after-taste, good.
Season September to November.
PAUL IMPERIAL.
REFERENCES, i. Ellwanger and Barry, Cat., 1888:14. 2. Thomas, 1897:299. SYNONYMS. None.
A September variety in season about with Transcendent ; somewhat irreg- ular in shape ; of very good general appearance but less attractive in size and color than Hyslop and inferior to Martha in quality. The tree is below medium size, comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable annual cropper.
Historical. Introduced by Paul and Son, Cheshunt, England. A cross between the Red Astrachan and Siberian Crab (i).
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with short, stout, crooked branches having numerous small spurs. Form spreading, flat, open. Twigs olive-green tinged with brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin ; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium to large, oval, slightly raised. Buds large, prominent, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
. FRUIT.
Fruit small to medium, uniform in size but not in shape. Form usually oblate, often irregularly elliptical, strongly ribbed ; sides unequal. Stem long to medium, slender. Cavity obtuse to acute, moderately deep, broad, furrowed, not russeted. Calyx large, closed, prominent, persistent; lobes long, moderately broad. Basin very shallow, wide, obtuse, furrowed and wrinkled and sometimes mammillate.
Skin thin, rather tender, smooth, yellow, often entirely covered with dark bright red or with but little of the yellow ground color exposed, over- spread with blue bloom. Dots very small, numerous, indistinct, light.
Calyx tube small, short, moderately wide, urn-shape. Stamens nearly marginal.
Core rather large, axile or nearly so; cells closed or slightly open; core lines meeting. Carpels nearly roundish, narrowing toward apex, tufted. Seeds below medium size, moderately wide, acute, light brown.
Flesh yellowish sometimes stained with pink, firm, moderately coarse, crisp, rather tough, juicy, brisk subacid, less astringent than Red Siberian, good.
Season September and October.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 263
PICTA STRIATA.
REFERENCES. I. Ellwanger and Barry, Cat., 1888:14. 2. Beach, N. Y. Sta. Am. Rpt., 12:601. 1893. 3. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56:370. 1905. SYNONYMS. PICTA STRIATA (i, 2). PIETA (3). Picta Striata (3).
Fruit handsome, rather mild in flavor; season late fall and early winter. It is hardly large enough for a good commercial variety. The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing rather late and is an annual cropper yield- ing moderate to good crops.
Historical. Received from Ellwanger and Barry, Rochester, N. Y., in 1888 for testing at this Station.
TREE.
Tree rather large. Form upright spreading to roundish with rather droop- ing laterals. Twigs long, curved, slender; internodes short. Bark clear brown, tinged with green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin ; slightly pubes- cent near tips. Lenticels quite numerous, rather conspicuous, medium size, oval, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, acute, free, not pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium or above, uniform in size but not in shape. Form oblate or roundish oblate, irregularly ribbed. Stem long, slender. Cavity obtuse, medium to rather deep, medium to broad, compressed, smooth or nearly so. Calyx usually small, closed; lobes separated at base, long, medium in width, acute to acuminate. Basin shallow to medium in depth, medium in width, obtuse, nearly smooth.
Skin thin, tender, smooth, rather glossy, pale greenish-yellow nearly cov- ered with crimson, blushed and striped with carmine. Dots indistinct, small, gray.
Calyx tube moderately short, rather narrow, conical to urn-shape. Stamens marginal or nearly so.
Core medium to large, axile ; cells slightly open or closed ; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish to elliptical, concave, deeply emarginate, some- times tufted. Seeds rather dark brown, medium size, wide, short, obtuse.
Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, a little coarse, tender, juicy, somewhat astringent, sprightly subacid, good.
Season October to early winter.
QUAKER.
REFERENCES, i. Rural N. Y., 1870 (cited by 7). 2. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:247. 3. Thomas, 1897:299. 4. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bui, 152:224. 1898. 5. Farrand, Ib._, 205 :48. 1903. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :224. 7. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56:371. 1905.
SYNONYMS. None.
This variety has been disseminated more in the western states than it has in New York. It is but little grown here. Farrand (5) describes it as
264 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
a late ripening variety of only fair quality, size medium to large; color yellow with a red cheek; tree handsome, vigorous but not very productive; season October.
QUEEN CHOICE.
REFERENCES, i. Bailey, An. Hon., 1892:247. 2. Ellwanger and Barry, Cat., 1894:15. 3. Thomas, 1897:299. 4. Budd-Hansen, 1903:224. SYNONYMS. QUEEN'S CHOICE (i, 2, 3). QUEEN Choice (4).
This crab has a fruit which is medium or above, roundish conical, of a beautiful crimson color, showy and attractive; flesh whitish and of pleasant flavor and quality; season October; tree vigorous, very prolific (2, 3, 4).
It is but little known in New York.
RED SIBERIAN.
REFERENCES. i. Forsyth, 1803:57. 2. Coxe, 1817:106. 3. Fessenden, 1828:129. 4. Kenrick, 1832:57. 5. Ib., 1835:75. 6. Downing, 1845:147. 7. Thomas, 1849:158. 8. Cole, 1849:137. 9. Barry, 1851:287. 10. Elliott, 1854:157. n. Gregg, 1857:62. fig. 12. Downing, 1869:426. 13. Fitz, ±872: 147. 14. Thomas, 1875:208. 15. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 10:39. 1884. 16. Lyon, Mich. 'Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:300. 17. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:248. 18. Lyon, U. S. Pom. Bui, 6:11. 1897. 19. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :224.
SYNONYMS. RED SIBERIAN (n, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19). RED SIBERIAN CRAB (5, 8, 9, 12). SIBERIAN CRAB (i, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14).
Origin France (19). Fruit small, decidedly ornamental, borne in clusters. It is three-quarters of an inch to an inch in diameter, roundish oblate to somewhat oblong, irregularly ellip- tical; stem long and slender; cavity acute, medium in width and depth ; calyx small to medium, often deciduous ; basin but slightly depressed. Skin smooth, pale yellow striped and blushed with lively red and overspread with blue bloom ; flesh subacid, astringent, good for culinary uses. Season September and October.
SEPTEMBER.
REFERENCES, i. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1888:319. 2. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:602. 1893.
SYNONYMS. None.
A very handsome fruit of good quality for either dessert or culinary use. It ripens a few days later than Transcendent.
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 265
The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing young and yields full crops biennially.
This is distinct from the September apple described by Down- ing.1
Historical. Originated with Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minn., frcm seed of Cherry Crab. In 1888 Mr. Gideon sent stock of this variety to this Station for testing.
TREE.
Tree vigorous, with short, stout, crooked and twisted branches. Form rather flat, spreading, open. Twigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout with large terminal buds ; internodes long. Bark clear brown, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels quite nu- merous, medium size, round, not raised. Buds prominent, large, long, plump, acute, free, not pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large for a crab, uniform in size but not in shape. Form roundish oblate to somewhat oblong, inclined to conic, frequently ribbed ; sides usually unequal. Stem usually long and slender. Cavity somewhat cbtuse, rather shallow to medium in depth, medium to broad, occasionally furrowed, sometimes russeted. Calyx medium to rather large, closed or partly open. Basin mammillate, very shallow to moderately deep, medium in width, slightly obtuse.
Skin thin, tender, smooth, pale yellow or greenish, striped with red, in well colored specimens becoming nearly covered with dark red, overspread with bluish bloom. Dots small, scattering, inconspicuous, gray or brownish.
Calyx tube rather short, medium in width, broadly funnel-form ; pistil point persistent. Stamens median to nearly marginal.
Core medium size, axile or slightly abaxile ; cells closed or wide open ; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish, elongated. Seeds variable in shape, medium size, moderately wide, rather short, acute to broadly acute, rather light dull brown.
Flesh tinged with yellow, medium in grain, moderately tender, juicy, sub- acid, not astringent but with an agreeable crabapple flavor, good to very good in quality.
Season September.
SOULARD.
REFERENCES, i. Soulard, Card. Monthly, 10:199. 1868 (cited by 13). 2. I]}., III. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1869:195, 260. 3. Downing, 1869:426. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1871:8. 5. Soulard, ///. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1873:291. 6. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 5:91. 1879. 7- Ib., 10:37. 1884. 8. Thomas, 1885:524. 9. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:300. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:249. ii. Budd, Amer. Card., 14:244. 1893. 12. Thomas, 1897:264. fig. 13. Bailey, Evol. Native Fruits, 1898:261. fig. 14. Craig, la. Acad. Sci., 7:130. 1899. pi. 15. Budd-Hansen, 1903:225. fig.
SYNONYMS. None.
1 Downing, 1868:350.
266 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
This is regarded by Bailey as a hybrid between the native prairie crab, Pyrus loensis, and the common apple, Pyrus malus (13), in which opinion he is supported by Craig (14). It is distinct from the Soulard apple. According to Soulard's account (13) "it originated on a farm about twelve miles from St. Louis, Mo., where stood an American crab thicket not in- closed, near the farmhouse, about twenty-five years since. The thicket was cut down and the ground cultivated some two or three years; culture being discontinued, another crab thicket sprang up, and when bearing, one tree (the identical kind now called Soulard crab) was discovered. The fruit r.s- tonished me by its remarkably large size, being sent to me by a friend whose widowed mother, Mrs. Freeman Delauriere, occupied the farm. I im- mediately propagated it by grafting upon crab stock and upon our common seedlings. Upon both stocks producing the same fruit and thriving admir- ably, I disseminated it among my friends as a very desirable fruit, having nothing of the Siberian type. It is to me conclusive that this crab is the offspring of an accidental hybridization of the wild crab by our common apple. The tree, its foliage, habit, increased size of fruit and tree, and decreased acerbity, convince me it is a hybrid, and as far as I know, the first instance of such cross.
" I consider it the most desirable of all crabs that I have seen. Adding sweetness, it is delicious baked. It makes most excellent preserves, being large enough to be quartered, and unsurpassed by any crab for jams, jellies, etc., imparting its delicate taste and rich crab aroma. The largest have measured over seven inches around. In form, color and smell it is like the common crab, and it hangs on the tree until destroyed by frost. It will keep two years, with common care, in a cellar, and will stand repeated freezing and thawing in a dark place. It is agreeable to many palates in the spring.
" The tree is an immense grower in the nursery, coming early into fruit and making but little growth afterward, and is an immense and regular bearer. I have made some cider as clear as wine, with sugar or a quarter part of sweet apples. It will make delicious strong cider. Tree perfectly hardy, having stood the severest winters here and at St. Paul, Minn., for twenty- five years."
After giving the testimony of several observers with regard to the value of this hybrid for the Upper Mississippi valley Bailey concludes : " It is probable that too much was expected of the Soulard crab when it was first introduced, and that it afterward, suffered from the partial collapse. Such an array of apples has now been introduced into the cold Northwest — from the East, from Russia, offspring of the Siberian crab, and local seedlings of the common apple — that the Soulard crab and its kin have been ob- scured" (13).
The variety is still listed by some nurserymen (10). It is practically un- known in New York and has no value for this state.
TRANSCENDENT.
REFERENCES, i. Horticulturist, 22:125. 1867. 2. Warder, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 5 1205. 1869. fig. 3. Downing, 1869 1426. 4. Todd, 1871 183. fig. 5. Fitz,
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 267
1872:147. 6. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1:21. 1876. 7. Barry, 1883: 360. 8. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 10 139. 1884. 9. Wickson, 1889 1249. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:251. u. Thomas, 1897:300. 12. U. S. Pom. Bui, 6:11. 1897. 13. Can. Hort., 26:489. 1903. figs. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :226. fig.
SYNONYMS. TRANSCENDANT (5, 9, 10, 13). TRANSCENDENT (i, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 14).
This beautiful fruit has for many years been one of the most popular of the crabapples cultivated in this state. The tree is a good grower, roundish, spreading, hardy and usually very pro- ductive yielding good to very heavy crops nearly annually. It is in season from late August to the middle of September or a little later.
Historical. The history of Transcendent seems to be unknown. Although our first reference to this variety is 1867, William Prince had it listed in his nursery catalogue as early as 1844. 1 It seems to have been in the hands of nurserymen for years before it came to the attention of pomological writers, hence the obscurity in regard to its origin.
TREE.
Tree large with stout, curved and drooping branches. Form very spreading, drooping, rather dense. Twigs moderately long, curved, slender, with large terminal buds ; internodes long. Bark brown, tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubesent near tips. Lenticels quite numer- ous, medium to large, oval, raised, conspicuous. Buds medium to large, rather prominent, plump, obtuse or slightly acute, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to rather large. Form roundish or roundish oblong, flat- tened at the ends, somewhat ribbed. Stem medium to long, rather stout, bracted. Cavity narrow, shallow, obtuse. Calyx large, closed ; lobes long, leafy, reflexed. Basin shallow, wrinkled.
Skin thin, clear bright yellow with bright red cheek, overspread with bloom. Highly colored specimens are nearly covered with bright red.
Calyx tube conical. Stamens marginal.
Core medium size; cells closed.
Flesh yellow, crisp, juicy, moderately fine, somewhat astringent, subacid, very good for culinary uses.
Season late August to the middle of September.
VAN WYCK.
REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1872 :39 app. 2. Barry, 1883 :36o. 3. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 10:37. 1884. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:251. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:11. 6. Thomas, 1897:300. fig. 7. Budd-Hansen, 1903:227.
1 Ragan, U. S. P. B. I. Bui., 66:373. 1905.
268 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK.
SYNONYMS. Brier Sweet (6). VAN WYCK CRAB (2, 4, 5, 6, 7). VAN WYCK SIBERIAN (i). VAN WYCK SWEET (3, 4).
A sweet crabapple which according to Downing (i) originated as a chance seedling in Fishkill, Dutchess county, N. Y. Fruit large for a Siberian crabapple, whitish shaded with bright red, covered with bloom; flesh whitish, tender, moderately juicy, sweet, rich; it sometimes water- cores; core small, closed; season August and September (i, 2). This variety is occasionally listed by nurserymen (4). It is not generally known in New York and it appears that its cultivation in this state is not increasing.
WHITNEY.
REFERENCES, i. Warder, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 5:206. 1869. fig. 2. Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:109. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1881:16. 4. Barry, 1883:360. 5. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884:34. fig. 6. Ib., Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:29. 7. Thomas, 1885:529. 8. Can. Hort., 11:42. 1888. 9. Wickson, 1889:249. 10. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:300. n. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:252. 12. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:584. 1894. 13. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui., 45:346. 1896. 14. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bui., 205:48. 1903. 15. Can. Hort., 26:489. 1903. figs. 16. Budd- Hansen, 1903 :228.
SYNONYMS. WHITNEY (3, 10, n, 14, 15, 16). WHITNEY CRAB (4, 7, 9). WHITNEY No. 20 (i, 2, 5, 6, 8, n, 12, 13). Whitney No. 20 (15, 16).
One of the most popular of the large crabapples particularly in the West and North. The fruit is attractive, yellow, striped with lively red, subacid, good for dessert and very good for culinary uses. It is in season in August and early September. The tree is a thrifty, upright grower, comes into bearing young and is very productive.
Historical. This variety originated with A. R. Whitney, Franklin Grove, 111. (i). It was at first disseminated under the name Whitney No. 20, under which name it was described by Warder as early as 1869 (i). It has not been much planted in New York but in regions farther north and west its cultivation is gradually increasing.
TREE.
Tree below medium with moderately stout, moderately long, curved branches. Form upright becoming somewhat spreading after fruiting heavily. Twigs short, straight, stout with large terminal buds ; internodes medium size. Bark bright brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels numerous, small, oval, not raised. Buds medium to large, broad, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish inclined to conic or to ovate. Stem slender. Cavity narrow to moderately wide,
THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 269
rather deep, obtuse. Calyx medium to large, closed or partly open. Basin broad, shallow, wrinkled.
Skin light yellow largely shaded and striped with red.
Flesh yellowish, crisp, juicy, mild subacid or nearly sweet with slight crab- apple flavor, good to very good.
Season late August and early September.
YELLOW SIBERIAN.
REFERENCES, i. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:477. 2. Kenrick, 1832:58 3. Downing, 1845:147. 4. Cole, 1849:137. 5. Thomas, 1849:158. 6. Waring, 1851 :3O. 7. Barry, 1851 :287. 8. Gregg, 1857 :62. 9. Warder, 1867 732. 10. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :228.
SYNONYMS. Amber Crab (3). Golden Beauty. SIBERIAN CRAB (6). YELLOW SIBERIAN (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10).
This is sometimes called Golden Beauty. It is similar to Red Siberian except in the color and size of the fruit, it being rather large and of a clear golden-yellow color. Season September. Tree medium size or below, a good grower, upright becoming roundish, and somewhat drooping, very hardy and healthy except that under certain circumstances it suffers from blight. It comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable cropper, yielding heavy to very heavy crops annually or nearly annually. It is grown principally for home use but sometimes a portion of the fruit is disposed of in local markets.
INDEX TO VARIETIES.
(Accepted names appear wholly or in part in roman type; synonyms in italic.)
Abe Lincoln 178
ADIRONDACK I
ADMIRABLE I
ALBION 2
Albertin 3
ALEXANDER 3
Alexander the First 3
Alexandre 3
American no
American Fall 62
American Fall Pippin 241
American Gloria Mundi 77
American Golden 83
American Golden Pippin American Mammoth . . American Mother .... American Pear main .
83
77
143
211
American Red 178
American Red Juneating 55
American Summer 211
American Summer Pearmain... 211
AMSTERDAM 5
Amsterdam Sweet 5
Anglesea Pippin 178
ANISIM 5
Anisim of Peterson 5
Antenovka 6
Antonowka 6
ANTONOVKA 6
Antony 6
APORT 6
Apart (synonym of Aport Ori- ent) 7
Aporta 3
Aporta Nalivia 3
PAGE.
APORT ORIENT 7
Aport Oriental 7
Arabka 32
ARCTIC 7
Arcad Krasivui 14
Arkad Krasivui 14
Arkad Krasiivui 14
Aromatic Spike No. 354 233
Astracan Blanch 239
Astracan d'Ete 239
Astracanischcr Sommer 239
Astracan Rouge 178
Astrachan 178
Astrachan Red 178
Astrachan Rouge 178
Astrachan White 239
Astrakhan Rouge 178
Astravaskoe 155
Aubertin 3
AUGUST 9
August (synonym of July) .... 112
August Apple 53
AUGUSTINE 10
August Sweet 216
August Szveeting 216
Aunt Ginnie. /5
Aurora 227
Autumnal Bough 10
Autumnal Szvaar (synonym of
Autumn Swaar) n
Autumnal Swaar (synonym of
Autumn Sweet Swaar) 12
Autumnal Sweet 12
Autumnal Szveet Swaar ....... 12
AUTUMN BOUGH . 10
271
272
INDEX TO VARIETIES.
Autumn Bough 10
Autumn Bough (synonym of
Sweet Bough) '. . . . 216
Autumn Pearmain 124
Autumn Pippin 62
Autumn Rose 190
Autumn Seek-No-Further 88
Autumn Strawberry 120
AUTUMN STREAKED 10
AUTUMN SWAAR u, 12
Autumn Swaar (synonym of
Autumn Sweet Swaar) 12
Autumn Sweet 12
Autumn Sweet Bough 10
AUTUMN SWEET SWAAR 12
Avery Sweet v 175
Babouskino . . Babuscheno .. . Babuschkino . Babushkino . .
83
83 83 83
BAILEY SPICE 13
Bailey's Spice 13
BAKER SWEET 13
Baker's Sweet 13
Baltimore (synonym of Gloria
Mundi) 77
Baltimore (synonym of Vande-
vere Pippin) 231
Baltimore Pippin 77
BANKS 14
Banks Gravenstein 14
Banks Red Gravenstein 14
Bard Apple 49
Baroveski 151
Barowiski 151
Beard Burden 49
Beaute de Kent 15
BEAUTIFUL ARCAD 14
Beautiful Arcade 14
Beautiful Pippin 184
BEAUTY OF KENT 15
Beauty of Queen 3
Beauty of the West (synonym of
Western Beauty) 239
Beauty of the West (synonym of
Grosh) 89
Beauty Red 40
Beel Solotofskaja 82
Beitigheimer 17
BELBORODOOSKOE 15
Belle d' Angers 21
Belle de Boscoop 25
Belle de Boskoop 25
Belle d' Orleans 3
Belle Dubois 77
Belle Josephine (synonym of
Gloria Mundi) 77
Belle Josephine v( synonym of
White Spanish Reinette) .... 241
Belle of Boskoop 25
Bellerdovskoc 15
Belle Rose 168
Bellflower of the West 148
Bell's Early 203
Bell's Favorite 203
BEN FORD 45
Benniger 15
BENNINGER 15
Bennington 203
BENONI 16
Bergamot 6
Berry Apple 39
Bielborodovska? 15
BlETIGHEIMER 17
Big Rambo (synonym of West- ern Beauty) 239
Big Rambo (synonym of Grosh) 89
Big Szveet 233
'Big Vandevere 231
BIRTH 18
BISMARCK 19
Bismark 19
BLACK ANNETTE 20
Black Apple 46
Black Detroit 46
Blanche 241
Blanche d'Espagne 241
Blanche Glacee d'Ete 239
BLENHEIM 20
Blenheim Orange 21
Blenheim Pippin 21
Blenheimsrenett 21
BLOOM 69
Blooming Orange 21
Blumen Calvill 85
INDEX TO VARIETIES.
273
PAGE.
BLUSHED CALVILLE 22
Blushed June 181
Blush June 181
Bogdanoff (synonym of Grand- mother) 83
Bogdanoff Steklianka 83
Bohannon 1 18
BONUM 23
BOROVINKA 24
Borovinka Angluskaia 24
Borovitsky (synonym of Boro- vinka) 24
Borovitsky (synonym of Olden- burg) 151
Borowicki 151
Borowitski 151
Borowitsky 151
Borsdorfer 5
BOSKOOP 25
Bough 216
Bough Apple 216
Bough, Early Szveet 216
Bough Sweet 216
Bow Apple 216
Bracken 240
Bracy's Seek-No-Further 88
BRESKOVKA 26
BRILLIANT 69
Buckley 33
Buckram 97
Buchanan 149
Bullripe . . . ; 49
BUNKER HILL 27
BUTTER 27
Butter Pippin 78
Cabane du Chien 98
Cabashaw 227
CABASHEA 28
Cabashie 28
Calkin's Pippin 30
Calville de Gravenstein 85
Cahille Grafensteiner 85
Calville Krasmui 22
Cambour des Lorrains 213
Camoisas du roi d'Espagne 241
Camoise Blanche 241
Camoise e Blanche 241
PAGE.
Camuesar 241
Camuezas 241
Camuzar 241
CANADA BALDWIN 69
Canada Peach 159
Canada Reinette (synonym of
Cheeseboro) 33
Carolina 240
Carolina June 181
Carolina Red 181
Carolina Red June 181
Caroline 240
CATHEAD 29
Cathead (synonym of Cheese- boro) 33
Cathead (synonym of Fall Pip- pin) 62
Cathead Greening 29
Catshead 29
Catshead Greening 29
Cattell Apple 148
Cayuga Red Streak 227
CELESTIA 29
CHAMPLAIN 30
CHANDLER 31
Chandler's Red 31
CHARLAMOFF 32
Charlamoski 32
Charlamovskce 32
Charlamowiski 151
Charlamowski d'Automne 151
Charlamowskircher Nalleoid ... 151
Charlamowski 32
Ckarlamowsky 151
Charlottenthaler 222
Charlottenthaler Apple 222
Charlottenthaler Golba 222
Charmant Blanc 213
Cheesborough 33
Cheeseboro 33
Cheeseboro's Russet 33
Cheesebofough 33
Cheeseborough Russet 33
CHENANGO 33
Chenango Strawberry 33
Chimney Apple 65
Christ Birth rS
Christ Birth Apple 18
274
INDEX TO VARIETIES.
Christmas 18
Cinnamon 6
CLAPPER FLAT 34
CLARKE 35
Clarke Beauty 35
CLYDE 36
Clyde Beauty 36
Coalbrook 225
Cobbett's Fall (synonym of Fall
Pippin) 62
Cobbett's Fall (synonym of
White Spanish Reinette) .... 241 Cobbett's Fall Pippin (synonym
of Fall Pippin) 62
Cobbett's Fall Pippin (synonym
of White Spanish Reinette) . . 241
CODLING 117
Codlin, Keswick 117
Coe's Spice 49
Coleman 227
Cole's Quince 174
COLLAMER . 36
Collamer Twenty Ounce 36
COLTON 37
Colton Early 37
COLVERT 38
Compte Orloff 233
Comte Woronzoff 3
Concombre Ancien (synonym of
Fall Pippin) 62
Concombre Ancien (synonym of
White Spanish Reinette) 241
Conic June 1 18
CONSTANTINE 39
COOPER 40
Copp's Mammoth 77
Corail 3
CORNELL 40
Cornell Fancy 41
Cornell's Favorite 41
CORNER 41
Cornish Gilliflower 197
Corse's St. Lawrence 193
Cos Orange 42
Costard 29
Costard Ray 29
Count Orloff 233
Coustard 29
PAGE.
Cox ORANGE 42
Cox's Orange 42
Cox's Orange Pippin 42
Cox's Pomona 165
CRANBERRY PIPPIN 43
Crandall Seedling 107
CREAM 44
Crimson Beauty 196
Crimson Pippin (synonym of
Scarlet Pippin) 196
Crimson Pippin (synonym of
Detroit Red) 46
Crimson Scarlet Pippin 196
CROW EGG 44
Crow's Egg 44
Cumming's Rambo 89
Cut Wine 244
Czarskui Schip 45
CZAR THORN 45
DEADERICK 45
Dean's Codlin 165
De Glace D'Etc 239
De Glace Hative 239
De La Madeleine Rouge 55
De Lorraine 213
Deniary 73
De Moscbvie d'Ete 239
De Neige 65
De Notre Dame 213
De Rambourg 213
De Rambure 213
De Ratcau 62
De Rattcau 241
De Revel (synonym of Yellow
Transparent) 248
De Revel (synonym of Vineuse
Rouge) 233
Derrick and Ann 186
Derrick's Graft 186
De Seigneur d'Automne 29
D'Espagne (synonym of White
Spanish Reinette) 241
D'Espagne (synonym of Fall
Pippin) 62
Deterding's Early 178
Detroit 46
Detroit Black 46
INDEX TO VARIETIES.
275
DETROIT RED « . . . . 46
D'Eve •• HI
De Vin du Conn 227
Diets Sommerkonig 85
Dix-huit Onces 227
Dodge's Early Red 203
Douse 95
Dows 95
Dowse 95
Dredge's Fame 21
Duchess 151
Duchesse d'Oldenbourg 151
Duchess No. 3 158
Duchess of Oldenburg 48, 151
Duchess of Oldenburgh 151
DUDLEY 48
Dudley Winter 48
Dudley's Winter 48
Du Marechal 65
Dumpling 208
Dutchess 151
Dutchess of Oldcnbcrg 151
Dutchess of Oldenburgh 151
Dutch Mignonne (synonym of
Blenheim) 21
Duversons June 141
DYER 49
Early Baldwin 168
Early Bough 216
Early Colton 37
Early Congress 85
Early French Rcinctte (synonym
of Early Harvest) 51
Early French Rcinctte (synonym
of Sweet Bough) 216
Early Golden Sweet... 81
EARLY HARVEST 50
Early Jack 106
Early Jennetting 240
EARLY JOE 52
Early July Pippin 51
Early June (synonym of Early
Harvest) 51
Early June (synonym of Egg
Top) 56
Early June of South 141
Early Margaret 141
FACE.
Early May 240
EARLY PENNOCK 53
Early Red 141
Early Red Juneating 141
Early Red Margaret 141
Early Red Pippin 93
Early Redstreak 93
Early Red Streak 93
EARLY RIPE 54
EARLY STRAWBERRY 54
Early Striped Juneating 141
Early Summer Pearmain 211
Early Sweet 98
Early Sweet Bough 216
Early Sweetheart 216
Early Tart Harvest 168
Early Washington 203
Egg fop 44
EGG TOP 56
Eighteen Ounce 227
Eighteen Ounce Apple 227
ELGIN PIPPIN 56
Elgin Pippin (synonym of White
Spanish Reinette) 241
Empercur Alexandre 1 3
Empereur Alexandre dc Russic . 3
Empereur de Russic 3
Emperor Alexander 3
Englese Orange Appel 154
Englische Granat-Rcinette 184
Englischer Pepping 57
English Borovinka 24
ENGLISH CODLING 117
English Jannetting 230
English King 3
English Pearmain 125
ENGLISH PIPPIN 57
English Pippin (synonym of
Longfield) 123
English Rambo 89
English Sweet (synonym of
Ramsdell Sweet) 58,175
English Sweeting 175
Episcopal 62
Episcopale 241
Ernst's Apple 149
Ernst's Pippin 149
Essex Pippin 184
-276
INDEX TO VARIETIES.
PAGE.
Eve 56
Eve Apple (synonym of Egg- Top) 56
Eve Apple (synonym of Mar- garet) 141
Everbearing 108
Fall Bough 10
Fall Geneting 59
Fall Gennetting 59
FALL GREENING 58
Fall Green Sweet 233
FALL HARVEY 58
Fall Jenetting 59
FALL JENNETING 59
Fall Jennetting 59
Fall Orange 12, 60
FALL PIPPIN 61
Fall Pippin (synonym of Fall
Harvey) 58
Fall Pippin (synonym of Holland
Pippin) 101
Fall Pippin (synonym of White
Spanish Reinette) 241
Fall Queen 91
Fall Strawberry 120
Fall Stripe 196
Fall Swaar 1 1
Fall Swaar of the West 1 1
Fall Vandervere 23 r
FALL WINE 63
FAMEUSE 65
Fameuse (synonym of Utter)... 230
Fameuse Baldwin 98
FAMEUSE GREEN 69
FAMEUSE GROUP 68
FAMEUSE NOIRE 69
FAMEUSE SUCRE 09
FANNY 69
Fin d'Automne 3
FlSHKILL 70
Fishkill Beauty 70
Five-Quartered Gilliflowcr 197
Flat 34
Flint Russet 170
Flower (of Genesee) 73
Flushing Seek-No-Further 88
FORD 71
PAGE.
Forever Pippin 33
Formosa 184
Formosa Pippin 184
Fourth of July 112
Praise 55
FRANCHOT 71
Frank 33
Frank Rambour 213
French Pippin (synonym of Hol- land Pippin) 101
French Pippin (synonym of
Roman Stem) 188
French Rambo 89
French Reinette 215
French Spitzenburgh (synonym
of Summer Spitzenburg) 215
FULLERTON SWEET 71
GARDEN ROYAL 72
Gardiner's Apple 143
GARDNER SWEET PEARMAIN 73
Gelee d'Ete 239
General Chandler 31
GENESEE FLOWER 73
Geneva Pearmain 30
Gennetting 240
German Calville 6
German Calville 324 6
Georgia June 181
Gibbon's Smathhouse 231
Gibbon's Smokehouse 231
GIDEON 74
Gideon White 74
Ginetting 240
GINNIE 75
Glace de Zelande 239
Glade d'Ete 239
GLADSTONE 75
Glazenwood 77
Glazenwood Gloria Mundi 77
GLORIA MUNDI 76
Glory of York 184
Gloucester Pippin 21
Golden Apple 83
GOLDEN PIPPIN (I) 78
GOLDEN PIPPIN (II) 79
Golden Pippin (synonym of Fall
Pippin) 62
INDEX TO VARIETIES.
277
Golden Pippin (synonym of
Golding) 83
GOLDEN PIPPINS 78
GOLDEN REINETTE 79
Golden Spice 49
GOLDEN SWEET 81
Golden Sweet (synonym of
Northern Sweet) 147
Golden Sweeting 81
GOLDEN WHITE 82
GOLDING 82
Goldreinette von Blenheim 21
Good Peasant (synonym of
Longfield) 123
Good Peasant (synonym of
Anisim) 5
Gov. Seward's . 227
Graf en Apfel 85
Grafensteiner 85
Granat-Reinette 184
Grand Alexander 3
Grand Alexandre 3
Grand Due Constantin 3y
Grand Duke Cons tan tine 39
GRANDMOTHER 83
Grand Mother 83
Grand Sultan (synonym of Vin-
euse Rouge) 233
Grand Sultan (synonym of Yel- low Transparent) 248
Grantham 108
GRAVENSTEIN 84
Gravensteiner 85
Gravenstein Rouge 180
Gravenstine 85
Grave Slige 85
Grave Slije 85
Greasy Pippin 128
GREAT MOGUL , . 87
GREEN SEEK-NO-FURTHER 88
Green Sweet (synonym of Vic- tuals and Drink) 233
Green Transparent 233
Gr os- Alexandre 3
GROSH 89
Grosh (synonym of Summer
Rambo) 213
Crash's Mammoth 89
Groskoe Selenka Gruner 233
Gros Pomier 91
Gros Pommier . 91
Gros-Rambour d'Ete 213
Grosser Mogul 87
Grosse-Schafnase 29
GRUNDY 90
HAAS 91
HAGLOE 92
Hagloe Crab 92
Hampers American 178
Harmony 53
Harvest (synonym of Early
Harvest) 51
Harvest (synonym of Primate) . 168
Harvest Apple 215
HARVEST REDSTREAK , 93
Harvest Red Streak 93
Harvey 58
HASKELL 93
Haskell Sweet 94
Hass 91
Haverstraw Pippin 30
Hawkins Pippin 73
HAWLEY 94
Hawley (synonym of Hawthorn- den) 96
Hawthorndean 96
HAWTHORNDEN 96
Heickes Summer Queen 53
Herbstbreitling 213
Herbst Strefling 10
Herbst Streifling. 10
Herr's June 141
HIBERNAL 96
HICKS 97
Highland Pippin 168
HIGHTOP SWEET 97
High Top Sweet 98
High Top Sweet (synonym of
Amsterdam) 5
High Top Sweeting 98
HILAIRE 98
HILTON 99
Himbeerapfel Lievlander. ....... 129
Himbeerapfel Livlander 129
HOADLEY 99
INDEX TO VARIETIES.
HOG ISLAND SWEET 100
Hogpen 60
Holden , 60
H olden Pippin 60
HOLLAND PIPPIN 101
Holland Pippin (synonym of
Fall Pippin) 62
Hollow Crown Pearmain 124
Hominy 203
Hoox 103
Horning 203
Horse 91
Hoss 91
/ '-louse 64
HOWARD BEST 103
Howard Russet 33
Howard's Best 103
Howard's Best Russia:: 133
Howe Apple 245
Hower 64
Hoypen 60
Hudson Red Streak 125
HUNTER PIPPIN 104
Hurlburt 105
HURLBUT 104
Hurlbut (synonym of Ramsdell
Sweet) 175
Hurlbut Stripe 105
Hurlbut Sweet 175
Hurlbutt 105
Imperial Vandervere 231
Imperial White 157
Imperatrice Eugenie 21
Imperatrice Josephine 77
Indian Queen 53
Indiana Vandeverc 231
ISHAM 106
Isham Sweet 106
Isle of Wight Orange 154
Isle of Wight Pippin 154
JACK 106
Jack Apple 106
Jackson 33
JARVIS 107
Jefferies 108
JEFFERIS 108
JEFFERSON COUNTY 109
Jeffries 108
Jellynozver 197
Jenneting 240
Jennetting 109
Jen netting (synonym of White
Juneating) . 240
Jennings 166
JERSEY SWEET no
Jersey Szveeting no
Joaneting 240
Joe Prccoce , 52
Jolly Gentleman 3
Jonathan of the North 5
Jones Early Harvest 181
Jones Pippin 60
Josephine (synonym of Gloria
Mundi) 77
Josephine (synonym of White
Spanish Reinette) 241
JUDSON in
JULY 112
July Apple 168
July Early Pippin 51
July, Fourth of 112
July Pippin 51
June (synonym of Margaret) . . 141 June (synonym of Red June) . . 181
Juneateing 240
Juneating 109
Juneating (synonym of White
Juneating) 240
Juneting 240
Juniata 234
KAIGHN 113
Kaighn's Spitzcmburg 113
Kaighns Spitsenberg 113
Kaighn's Spitzenbergh 113
Kaighns Spitzenburg (synonym
of Kaighn) 113
Kaighn's Spitzenburg (synonym
of Long Red Pearmain) .... 125
Kaighn's Spitzcnburgh 113
Kaign's Spitzenburg 113
Kaiser Alexander 3
Kajabowka 114
KALKIDON 1 14
INDEX TO VARIETIES.
Kalkidonskce 114
Kalkidouskcc 114
Kalkidovskoc 114
Kalvil jeltui 247
Kalville scholti 247
Karaboff 114
K4RABOVKA 114
Karabowka 115
Kempster's Pippin 21
Kennebec Seedling 245
Kent Beauty 15
Kent Fillbasket ' 115
Kentish Filbasket 115
KENTISH FILLBASKET 115
Kentish Pippin 15
Kentucky Bellftower 125
Kentucky GilliHower 125
KESWICK . . . 116
Keszvick Codlin 117
Keswick Codling 117
Khalkidonska? 114
Kinderhook Pippin 77
Kingsbury Russet (synonym of
Cheeseboro) 33
Kingsbury Russet (synonym of
Pumpkin Russet) 170
KlRKBRIDGE , Il8
Kirkbridge White 118
Knight's Red June 181
Korallen Apfel 3
La Belle Fameuse . . 65
Lady Blush 139
Lady de Grey's • . » ' 115
LADY FINGER . . . f 118
Lady Finger '(synonym of
Kaighn) . 113
Lady Finger (synonym of Long
Red Pearmain) 125
Lady's Apple 242
Lady SuMeld 126
Lady Sutherland 126
Lady Washington 40
La Fameuse 65
Lammas 142
Lancaster Queen 212
LANDSBERG 119
Landsberger Reinette 119
Landsburg 119
Langerfeldska? . . . 123
Lansberger Reinette 119
Large Bough : 216
Large Early 51
Large Early Bough 216
Large Early Harvest 51
Large Early Yellow Bough 216
Large Fall 241
Large Fall Pippin 241
Large Golden Pippin (synonym
of Champlain) 30
Large Golden Pippin (synonym
of Golden Pippin I) 78
Large Rambo 89
Large Red and Green Sweeting 177
Large Red Sweeting 177
Large Summer Rambo 89
Large Sweet Bough 216
Large Vandervere 231
Large White Juneating 51
Large Yellow Bough 216
Late Bough 10
Late Chandler 31
Late Golden Sweet 13
LATE STRAWBERRY 120
LATHAM 121
LA VICTOIRE 69
LEAD 121
Lead Apple 121
Leeds Beauty 196
Lievland Raspberry 129
Lima 227
Lincoln 245
LINCOLN PIPPIN 122
Lincoln Pippin (synonym of
Winthrop Greening) 245
Lincolnshire Pippin 96
LlNDENWALD 122
Lippincott 215
Liv eland Raspberry 129
Livesley's Imperial 126
Livland Raspberry 129
Lodge's Early 215
LONGFIELD 122
Longfield's Apple 123
Long Island 60
Long Island Graft 60
280
INDEX TO VARIETIES.
Long Island Pearmain 124
Long John (synonym of Kaighn) 113 Long John (synonym of Long
Red Pearmain) 125
Long Pearmain (synonym of
Kaighn) 113
Long Pearmain (synonym of
Long Red Pearmain) 125
LONG RED PEARMAIN 125
LONG STEM 125
Long Stem Sweet 13
LONGWORTH 125
Longworth Red Winter 125
Lord Kingston 96
Lord Nelson (synonym of Blen- heim) 21
LORD SUFFIELD 126
Lothringer Rambour 89
Lothringer Rambour d'Ete 213
Lou , 126
Louis XVIII 55
LOUISE 69, 126
Louise, Princess 127
LOWELL 128
Lowell Pippin 128
LOWLAND RASPBERRY 129
LUBSK QUEEN 129
Lubsk Reineite 130
Lutius Apfel 21
Ly man's Large Yellow 171
Ly man's Pumpkin Sweet 171
LYSCOM 130
MABIE 131
McAdow's June 112
McCARTY '..... 132, 173
McClellan 135
MAcDoNOUGH 132
MclNTOSH 69, 132
Mclntosh Red 133
Mackie's Clyde Beauty 36
MCLELLAN 134
McLelan 135
McMahan 136
McMahan White 136
McMAHON 136
McMahon White 136
Macomber 187
PAGE.
Magdalene 142
Magnum Bonum 23
MAGOG 138
Magog Red Streak 138
MAIDEN BLUSH 139
MAIDEN FAVORITE 141
Maiden's Apple 141
Maiden's Blush (synonym of
Hawthornden) u6
Malinozvska* 177
Mammoth (synonym of Gloria
Mundi) 77
Mammoth (synonym of Golden
Pippin) 78
Mammoth Pippin 77
Mammoth Rambo 89
Maralandica 51
MARGARET 141
Margaret Early 142
Margaret, Early Red 142
Margaretha Apfel 142
Marget Apple 142
Marguerite 142
Marigold 154
Marigold, Creed's 154
Marigold Pippin 154
Marrow-bone 225
Martin 135
Marygold 154
Matthews Stripe 131
Maudlin 142
Meachem Sweet 146
Melon (synonym of Gloria Mun-
di) 77
Michigan Beauty 201
Millcreek 231
Miller eek Vandervere 231
MILLER 142
Miller Seedling 142
MlLLIGEN 142
Mississippi 77
Mr. Gladstone 75
Montgomery Sweet 10
Monstreuse Pippin 77
Monstrous Pippin 77
Monstrous Rambo 89
Montreal irjl
Montreal Peach 159
INDEX TO VARIETIES.
281
Moose 1 45
Morgan's Favorite 227
M'OSHER 143
Mosher S'dueet 143
MOTHER 143
Mother Apple 143
Mother of America 143
Mountaineer 145
Mountain Flora 77
MOUNTAIN SWEET 145
MOUSE 145
Mudhole 125
MUNSON 146
Munson Sweet 146
Munson Sweeting 146
Musgrove 89
Musgrove's Cooper (synonym of
Grosh) 89
Musgrove's Cooper (synonym of
Western Beauty) 239
Mushroom 24
Musk Spice 64
Mygatt's Bergamot 49
Myer's Nonpareil 148
Naliwi Jabloky 239
Naylor Rambo 89
Neige 65
Neige-Framboise de Gielen 65
New Brunswick 151
N. J. Red Streak 53
Newtown Greening 83
N. Y. Bellfiower 60
N. Y. Gloria Mundi 77
N. Y. Greening 83
Niack Pippin (synonym of
Sweet Bough) 217
Nonpareil 148
Nonpar eille
184
North American Best . 168
Northampton 21
Northern Golden Sweet 147'
Northern Golden Sweeting 147
NORTHERN SWEET 147
Northern Sweeting (synonym of
Munson) 146
Northern Sweeting (synonym of
Northern Sweet) 147
North Star 48
Northwick Pippin 21
The following numbers are those given by Schroeder in his shipment to the Iowa Experiment Station in 1879:
No. 3 M 121
No. 4 M 155
83
24
189
5
5
115
No.
No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No.
6 M
9 M
n M
14 M
18 M
21 M
22 M 22
23 M 7
24 M 195
26 M 6
54 M 87
56 M 123
57 M 123
80 M 195
94 M 114
105 M 32
134 M 224
139 M 183
140 M 45
147 M 222
152 M 27
161 M . 18
The following numbers are those given to varieties included in the De- partment of Agriculture importation of 1870:
No. 161 123
No. 205 115
No. 206 45
No. 210 244
No. 224 6
No. 230 224
No. 236 6
No. 245 • 24
No. 252 7
No. 262 32
No. 288 177
No. 333 i8~
282
INDEX TO VARIETIES.
No. 340 129
No. 343 182
No. 351 170
No. 372 195
No. 442 247
No. 444 130
No. 453 14
No. 457 39
No. 469 83
No. 472 155
No. 477 18
No. 540 114
No. 587 57
No. 599 189
No. 964 10
No. 978 82
No. 979 82
No. 981 82
No. 12 Orel 7
No. 21 Veronesh 247
No. 51 Vor. 79
No. 84 Vor 83
Nyack 30
Nyack Pippin 30
Oats 51
OGDENSBURG 147
Ohio Beauty (synonym of West- ern Beauty) 239
Ohio Beauty (synonym of Grosh) 89
OHIO NONPAREIL 148
Ohio Nonpareil (synonym of
Gravenstein) 85
Ohio Nonpariel 148
OHIO PIPPIN 149
Ohio Wine (synonym of Fall
Wine) ,. 64
Ohio Wine (synonym of
Kaighn) 113
OKABENA 150
Okobena 150
OLDENBURG 150
Oldenburg, Duchess of 151
Oldenburgh 151
Old Hawthorndean 96
Omensk 189
Oporto 7
ORANGE 153
TAGE.
Orange (synonym of Fall
Orange) 60
Orange (synonym of Lowell) . . 128 Orange (synonym of Orange
Pippin) 154
Orange Blenheim 21
Orange de Cox 42
ORANGE (OF NEW JERSEY) 153
ORANGE (OF PENNSYLVANIA) .... 153
ORANGE PIPPIN 154
Orange Pippin (synonym of
Blenheim) 21
Orange Russet 154
ORANGE SWEET 154
Orange Sweet (synonym of
Golden Sweet) 81
Orange Sweet (synonym of
Munson) 146
Orange Sweeting (synonym of
Golden Sweet) 81
Orange Sweeting (synonym of
Orange Sweet) 154
Orloff 233
Orlovskoe 233
Orlowskoe 233
Orsimui 97
Osgaod's Favorite 131
Osimoe 97
Oskaloosa 106
OSTRAKOFF I$5
Ostrakoff Glass 155
Ostrekoff . 155
Ostrekoff's Glass 155
Ostrekovskaya Steklianka 155
Ostrekowskaja Steklianka 155
Ostrokoff 155
Ostrokoff's Glass. . . 155
Ox Apple 77
Ox eye 230
Oxheart 33
Owen's Golden Beauty 240
Ozark Pippin 45
PALOUSE 156
Paper 30
Paper-skin 30
Parodies Apfel 85
Park 125
INDEX TO VARIETIES.
283
PAGE.
PARRY WHITE 157
PATTEN 158
Pattens Duchess No. 3 158
Patten Greening 158
PEACH (Montreal) 159
Peach Apple of Montreal 159
Peach of Montreal 159
PEACH POND 160
Peach Pond Sweet 160
Peach Pound Sweet 160
Pear Apple 174
Pear Lot 244
Pearmain 125
PEARSALL 161
Pear sail's Sweet 161
Pear Tree Lot 244
PEASE 161
Pease, Walter 161
PEASGOOD NONSUCH 162
Peasgood's Nonesuch 162
Pennsylvania Vandevere 231
Pepin de Kent 15
Pepin Ribston 184
Pepping Englishcher 57
Perle d'Angleterre 21
PERRY REDSTREAK 162
Perry Red Streak 162
PETER 163
Peterson's Charlamoff 32
Petrovskoe 195
Petrowskoe 195
Philadelphia Pippin (synonym of
Fall Pippin) 62
Philadelphia Pippin (synonym of
White Spanish Reinette) 241
Philadelphia Siveet 10
Phoenix 3
Phonix 3
Pickaway Rambo 89
Pie Apple (synonym of Holland
Pippin) 101
Pie Apple (synonym of Sops of
Wine) 203
Pippin Kent 15
Pittstown Pippin 79
Plodowitka Cuadkaja 170
Plodowitka Caudkaja 170
PLUMB CIDER 164
PAGE.
Plum Cider 164
Pointed Pipka 32
Polecat 212
Pomme Astrachan 239
Pomme d' Astrachan 239
Pomme de Blenheim 21
Pomme de Fameuse 65
Pomme de Hawthornden 96
Pomme de Neige 65
Pomme de Notre-Dame 213
Pomme d'Ete (of Canada) 51
Pomme d' Orange 154
Pomme Fameuse 65
Pomme Graefenstein 85
Pomme Peche 159
Pomme Royal 49
Pomme Royale 49
Pomme Roye 49
Pomme Water 49
Pommewater (in Illinois) 49
POMONA 164
Pomona Brittannica 3
Pompey 233
PORTER 166
Possaris Nalivia 6
Potter's Large 1 16
Potter's Large Grey Seedling... 116
Potter's Large Seedling 116
Pound 77
Pound Pippin . . . . 62
Pound Royal (synonym of Fall
Pippin) 62
Pound Royal (synonym of
Golden Pippin I.) 78
Pound Royal (synonym of
Lowell) 128
Pound Royal (synonym of Long
Island Pearmain) 125
Pound's July 217
POUND SWEET 167
Pound Sweet (synonym of
Pumpkin Sweet) 171
Powers 168
President Napoleon 3
Pride of Genesee 73
PRIMATE 167
Primiting 240
Prince Bismark , 19
284
INDEX TO VARIETIES.
Prince of Wales 21
Prince's Early Harvest 51
Prince's Harvest 51
Prince's Large Pippin of N. Y . . 62 Prince's Large Red and Green
Sweeting 177
Prince's Red and Green Sweet. . 177
Prince's Yellow Harvest 51
Princess Louise 127
Prinzessin Apfel 85
Prolific Sweet 170
PROLIFIC SWEETING 169
Prussian 38
PUMPKIN RUSSET 170
PUMPKIN SWEET 171
Pumpkin Sweet (synonym of
Cheeseboro) 33
Pumpkin Sweet (synonym of
Pumpkin Russet) 170
Pumpkin Sweeting (synonym of
Pumpkin Sweet) 172
Pumpkin Sweeting (synonym of
Pumpkin Russet) 170
Pyrus Astracanica 239
Queen (synonym of Summer
Queen) 212
Queen (synonym of Williams) . 242 Queen Anne (synonym of Low- ell) 128
Queen Anne (synonym of
Mother) 143
QUINCE (of Cole) 174
QUINCE (of Coxe) 174
Quince Apple 174
Rag Apple 146
Rambour 213
Rambour Aigre 213
Rambour Blanc 213
Rambour d'Amerique 213
Rambour d'Ete 213
Rambour Franc 213
Rambour Gros 213
Rambour Lorraine 89
Rambour Raye 213
Rambu 213
Ramsdale's Sweeting 175
Ramsdell 175
Ramsdell Red Sweet 175
Ramsdell 's Red 175
Ramsdell' s Red Pumpkin Sweet. 175
Ramsdell' s Red Sweeting 175
RAMSDELL SWEET 175
Ramsdell' s Sweeting 175
Randall's Red Winter 175
RASPBERRY 176
Ray Apple 146
RED AND GREEN SWEET 177
Red and Green Sweeting 177
Red Astracan 178
RED ASTRACH AN 178
Red Astrakhan 178
Red Beitigheimcr 17
Red Bellflower (synonym of Ohio
Nonpareil ) 148
Red Bellflower (synonym of
Long Red Pearmain) 125
Red Bietigheimer 19
Red Bough 177
Red Cheek (synonym of Rasp- berry) 177
Red Cheek (synonym of Maiden
Blush) 139
Red Cheek (synonym of Fall
Orange) 60
Red Gilliflower (synonym of
Scollop Gilliflower) 197
Red Gillinower (synonym of
Striped Gilliflower) 207
RED GRAVENSTEIN 180
Red Gravenstein (synonym of
Banks) 14
Red Hawthornden 96
RED HOOK 180
Red Joaneting 142
RED JUNE 181
Red Juneating (synonym of
Margaret) 142
Red Juneating (synonym of Red
June) 181
Red Juneating (synonym of
Early Strawberry) 55
Red June, Carolina 181
Red June of South 142
Red Juneting 142
INDEX TO VARIETIES.
285
Red Pearmain (synonym of
Kaighn) 113
Red Pearmain (synonym of
Long Red Pearmain) 125
Red Phoenix (synonym of
Kaighn) 113
Red Phoenix (synonym of Long
Red Pearmain) 125
Red Pippin (synonym of
Kaighn) 113
Red Pippin (synonym of Long
Red Pearmain) 125
Red Pumpkin Sweet 175
Red Pumpkin Sweeting 175
Red Reinette 83
Red Shropsavine 203
Red Spitzenberg (synonym of
Kaighn) 113
Red Spitzenberg (synonym of
Long Red .Pearmain) 125
Red Spitzenberg (synonym of
Richard Graft) 186
Red Spitzenburg 113
RED TRANSPARENT 182
Red Transparent (synonym of
Vineuse Rouge) 233
RED TYPE OF TWENTY OUNCE. . . 229
Red Vandervere 231
RED WINE 182
Red Winter Pearmain (synonym
of Kaighn) 113
Red Winter Pearmain (synonym
of Long Read Pearmain) 125
REED 183
Reindell's Large 175
Reinette A Gobelet 241
Reinette Belle de Boskoop 25
Reinette Blanche . . 241
Reinette Blanche d'Espagne
(synonym of White Spanish
Reinette) 241
Reinette Blanche d'Espagne
(synonym of Fall Pippin) .... 62
Reinette de Blenheim 21
Reinette d'Espagne 241
Reinette d' Holland 101
Reinette d'Hollande 101
Reinette de Landsberg 119
Reinette de T raver .............
Reinette Grenade Anglais e ......
Reinette Landsberger ...........
Reinette Liubski .......... . .....
Reinette Monstrueuse ...........
Reinette Orange de Cox . .......
Reinette Quarrendon ............
Reinette Tendre ................
Reinette von Montfort ..........
Renet Liubskui .................
REPKA .........................
Remboure d'Ete ................
Reschestwenskoe ...............
Revelstone .....................
Revelstone Pippin ..............
Rhode Island Sweet ............
Riabinouka ....................
Ribbed Gillinower .............
Ribbed Pippin ..................
RIBSTON .......................
Ribstone .......................
Ribstone Pippin ................
Ribstone Pepping ...............
Ribston Pippin .................
Richard .......................
RICHARD GRAFT .................
Ridge (synonym of Ribston) . . . Riepka ... .....................
Ripp Apfel .....................
Rock hill's Russet ...............
Rode Wyn Appel ...............
ROLFE .........................
ROMAN STEM ...................
Romenskoe ....................
ROMNA ........................
Romna (synonym of Hibernal) . Romnenskoe ...................
RONK .........................
Roschdestvenskoe ..............
Roschdestwenskoe .............
ROSE RED ......................
Roshdestrenskoe ..............
Rother Astrakhan ..............
Rother Gravensteiner ..........
Rother Jacobs ..................
Rother Jacobs Apfel ............
Rother Weinapfel ..............
Rotherwein Appel ..............
184 184 119 130
25
42 142 241
25 130 183 213
19 248 233 172
39 197
83 j84 184 184 184 184 186 186 184 !83
85 184 203 j87 188 189 T89
97 189
I90
19
19
190
19
178
180
142
142
182
182
286
INDEX TO VARIETIES.
Rough and Ready 168
Round Catshead 29
Round Sweet 172
Round Top 56
Rubets Vinogradnui 244
Rubes Vuinogradnui 244
Russam (synonym of Kaighn) . . 113 Russam (synonym of Long Red
Pearmain) 125
Russian Emperor 3
Russian Gravenstein 6
Rusty Core 148
Sabine 85
Sabine of the Flemmings 85
Safstaholm 191
SAFSTAHOLMS 191
Sdfstaholmsdple 191
Sdfstaholmsdpple 191
SAILEE RUSSET 192
Saille Sweet 177
SAILLY AUTUMN 192
Saint-Germain 241
St. Hilaire 98
St. John Strawberry 55
ST. LAWRENCE 192
Saint-Lawrence 193
Saint Laurent 193
ST. PETER 194
SANDY GLASS 195
Sanguineus 65
Sapson 203
Sapsonvine 203
Sassafras Sweet 94
SAXTON 196
Scalloped Gilliflower 197
Scalloped Gillyflower 197
Scarlet Pearmain (synonym of
Kaighn) 113
Scarlet Pearmain (synonym of
Long Red Pearmain) 125
SCARLET PIPPIN 196
Schafnase 29
Scharlottenthaler Golba 222
Schoone van Boskoop 25
Schoone von Boskoop 25
SCHUYLER SWEET , . , . , 197
SCOLLOP GILLIFLOWER 197
Scollop Gilliflower (synonym of
Striped Gilliflower) 207
Scolloped Gilliflower 197
Scott 168
SCOTT BEST 198
Seek-No-Further (synonym of
Cooper) 40
Seek-No-Further (synonym of
Green Seek-no-Further) 88
Seever's Red Streak 230
SENECA FAVORITE 198
Seneca Favorite (synonym of
Quince [of Coxe] ) 174
Seneca Spice 17^
Shaker's Yellow 53
Shannon 149
SHARP 199
Sharpe's Early 212
Sharpe's Spice 64
Sheepnose (synonym of Egg
Top) 56
Sheepnose (synonym of Long
Red Pearmain) 125
SHERMAN 200
Sherman's Favorite 200
Sherman's Sweet 200
Sherwood's Favorite 33
Shiawasse Beauty 201
SHIAWASSEE 69, 201
Shiawasse e Beauty 201
Shiawassie Beauty 201
Shore ditch White 96
Shropshire vine 203
Siberian August 112
SlNE-QUA-NON 202
Skvosnoi krasnoi 182
Skwosnoi Krasnoi 182
Skwosnoi Schotoi 248
Sleeper's Yellow 53
SLINGERLAND 202
Slingerland's Fall Pippin 202
Slingerland Pippin 202
Small Admirable i
Small's Admirable I
Smithfield Spice 49
Smokehouse (synonym of Van- devere Pippin) 231
INDEX TO VARIETIES.
287
Smyrna 33
Snow 65
Solotoc Renet 79
SOMERSET (N. Y.) 203
Sops in Wine 203
SOPS OF WINE 203
Sourbough (synonym of Cham- plain) 30
SOUR BOUGH 204
Soiir Bough (synonym of Cham- plain) 30
Sour Bough (synonym of Tart
Bough) 220
Sour Harvest 168
Speckled 60
SPECTATOR 204
Spiced Oxeye 231
Staalclubs 231
Staalcubs 230
Stalcubs 230
STARKEY 205
STARR 206
Steklianka pesotchnaya 195
Stewart's Nonpareil 112
Stillman 207
STILLMAN EARLY 207
Stillman's Early 207
Stoke Tulip 3
Straat 208
Strawberry (synonym of Sops of
Wine) 203
Strawberry (synonym of Che-
nango) 33
Strawberry (synonym of Late
Strawberry) 120
Strawberry (synonym of Richard
Graft) 186
Strawberry 207
Striped Ashmore 231
Striped BellHower 207
STRIPED FAMEUSE 68
STRIPED GILLIFLOWER 207
Striped Harvest 93
Striped Juneating 142
Striped Pearmain 125
Striped Quarrendon 142
STRIPED RED JUNE 182
Striped Shropshire . , . 55
Striped Vandervere 231
STROAT 208
Strode 208
STRODE BIRMINGHAM 208
Strode's 208
Strode's Birmingham 208
Strohmer 85
Stromling 85
STUMP 209
Stymer's 210
STYMUS 210
SUFFOLK BEAUTY 210
Suislepper 219
Summer Bellefleur 211
SUMMER BELLFLOWER 211
Summer BellHower (synonym of
Autumn Bough) 10
Summer Hagloe 92
SUMMER PEARMAIN 211
Summer Pippin (synonym of
Champlain) 30
Summer Pippin (synonym of
Fall Pippin) 62
Summer Pippin (synonym of
Holland Pippin) 101
SUMMER QUEEN 212
SUMMER RAMBO 213
Summer Rambo (synonym of. ...
Grosh) 89
Summer Rain'bour 213
SUMMER REDSTREAK 214
SUMMER ROSE 215
Summer Russet 218
SUMMER SPITZENBURG 215
Summer Spitzenburgh 215
SUMMER SWEET 216
Summer Sweet (synonym of
Hightop Sweet) 98
Summer Sweeting (synonym of
Summer Sweet) 216
Summer Sweeting (synonym of
Hightop Sweet) 98
Summer Traveller 142
Superior White 157
Susy Clark 181
Svinsovka 121
Swedish Borsdorf of Patten .... 5 SWEET BOUGH , . . . , 216
288
INDEX TO VARIETIES.
SWEET FALL PIPPIN 218
Sweet Golden Pippin 12
Sweet Harvest 217
Szveet June 98
Sweet Ly man's Pumpkin 172
Sweet Pippin 100
Sweet Rambo 89
SWEET RUSSET 218
Sweet Russet (synonym of
Pumpkin Russet) 170
Sweet Russet (synonym of
Cheeseboro) 33
Sweet's Harvest 212
Sweet Swaar 12
Sweet Wine 64
Swett's Harvest 212
Sivinez 121
Swinsovska 121
SWITZER 2l8
SYLVESTER . . 220
Taffitai 239
Tallow 128
Tallow Apple 128
Tallow Pippin 128
Tars Thorn 45
TART BOUGH 220
Tart Bough (synonym of Early
Harvest) 51
Tart Bough (synonym of Cham- plain) 30
Teignmouth 223
Tennessee Early Red 55
Tete d'Ange 29
Tc te de Chat 29
Tetoffsky 220
Tetofski (synonym of July).... 1 12 Tetofski (synonym of Tetofsky). 220
TETOFSKY 220
Tetofsky (synonym of July) .... 112
THALER 222
THOMPSON 222
Thompson Seedling No. 24 222
Thompson No. 24 222
Thompson's Seedling No. 29 1 1 1
Thompson's Seedling No. 38.... 90 TINMOUTH , 223
PAGE.
Tinmouth Sweet 223
Titovca 224
TITOVKA 224
Titowka 224
Titus Apple 224
Titus Riga 224
Tom Harryman 85
Tompkins 49
Tom Put 225
TOM PUTT 225
Transparente de Astracan 239
Transparente d'Ete 239
Transparent de Muscovie 239
Transparente de Muscovie d'Ete. 239 Transparente de Saint-Leger
(synonym of Vineuse Rouge). 233 Transparente de Saint-Leger (synonym of Yellow Trans- parent) 248
Transparente de Zurich 239
Transparente Jaune (synonym of
Vineuse Rouge) 233
Transparente Jaune (synonym of
Yellow Transparent) 248
Transparente Rouge 233
Transparente Verte 233
Transparent Muscovie 239
Trovers 184
Travers Apple 184
Trovers Peppin 184
Travers Pippin 184
Travers Reinette 184
Trenton Early 81
Tsarskui Schip 45
TUFTS 226
Tufts Baldwin 226
Tufts Seedling 226
Turn Off Lane 174
TWENTY OUNCE 227
Twenty Ounce Pippin 227
TYRE BEAUTY 229
Uncle Sam's Best 64
Underdunk 30
UTTER , 229
U tier's Large Red 230
U tier's Red 230
INDEX TO VARIETIES.
289
PAGE. |
Vandervere (synonym of Van-
devere) , . . , 230
Vandervere (synonym of Van-
devere Pippin) ... 231
Vandervere Pippin 231
Vandeveer 230
VANDEVERE . . 230
VANDEVERE PIPPIN 231
Vandevere Yellow 231
Van Duym's Pippin 62
Fan Dyne Apple .. . . .-. 77
Fan Dyn's Pippin 62
Fan Kleek's Sweet. 100
Fargul 6
Vermilion d'Ete 178
Vermont 30
Vermont Pippin 223
Vermont Pumpkin Sweet 172
Vermont Sweet 172
VICTORIA 231
Victoria Sweet 231
Victoria Sweeting 231
VICTUALS AND DRINK 233
Vilikui Mogul 87
VINEUSE ROUGE 233
Finnoe Krasnoe Osennee 182
Finograd . . . 244
Virginia June 142
Virginia Sweet 177
Foronesh No. 21 247
W abash BellHower 125
Walter Pease 161
Walworth 30
Warden's Pie Apple 203
Ward's Pippin 21
Warren Pennock 53
Washington (synonym of Sops
of Wine) 203
Washington (synonym of Wash- ington Strawberry) 234
Washington (synonym of Sweet
Bough) 217
Washington Co. Seedling 234
Washington of Maine 234
WASHINGTON STRAWBERRY 234
WATER 236
Waterloo 178
Watkins Early 211
Watson's Vandervere 231
Watson's Vandevere 231
WEALTHY 236
Weinapfel Rother 182
Weinappel Rother 182
Weiser Hawthornden 96
Wells 148
Westbrook . 60
WESTERN BEAUTY 239
Western Beauty (synonym of
Grosh) . . . . 89
Western Beauty (synonym of
Ohio Nonpareil) 148
Wheelers Kernel . 96
White Apple (synonym of Haw- thornden) . .- . 96
White Apple (synonym of Parry
White) 157
White Astracan 239
WHITE ASTRACHAN 239
White Borodovka 15
White Graft of Wisconsin . 60
White Hawthorndean 96
White Hawthornden 96
White June 1 18
WHITE JUNEATING 240
White Newell 60
White Seek-No-Further 88
WHITE SPANISH REINETTE 241
White Spice 49
WILLIAMS . . . ....... 242
Williams Early 242
Williams Early Red 242
Williams Favorite 242
Williams Favorite Red 242
Williams Red 242
Willis Sweet 244
Willis Sweeting 244
Wilsons June 181
Windower 231
Wine (synonym of Egg Top)... 56 Wine (synonym of Fall Wine) . . 64 Wine (synonym of Richard
Graft) 186
Wine (synonym of Twenty
Ounce) 227
Wine of Cole 64
290
INDEX TO VARIETIES.
WINE RUBETS 244
Winter Chandler 31
Winter Golden Sweet 13
Winter Pearmain (synonym of
Long Island Pearmain) 124
Winter Pearmain (synonym of
Long Red Pearmain) 125
Winter Seek-No-Further 88
WINTHROP GREENING 245
WOLF RIVER 245
Wolf River (synonym of Alex-
der) 3
Wolman's Harvest 215
Woodstock (synonym of Blen-
• heim) 21
Woodstock (synonym of Dyer). 49
Woodstock Pippin 21
Woolman's Early 215
Woolman's Harvest 215
Woolman's Striped Harvest .... 215 Woolverton 127
WORKAROE 246
Wunderapfel 3
Yankee Apple 172
Yellow Bough 217
YELLOW CALVILLE 247
Yellow Flat 118
Yellow Harvest 51
Yellow June (synonym of White Juneating) 240
Yellow June (synonym of Kirk- bridge) 118
Yellow Juneating 51
Yellow May 240
Yellow Summer Pearmain 166
Yellow Sweeting 81
YELLOW TRANSPARENT 247
Yellow Transparent (synonym
of Thaler) 222
Yellow Vandervere 231
YOPP 249
Yopp's Favorite 249
YORK 249
York and Lancaster 193
York Pippin (synonym of Fall
Pippin) 62
York Pippin (synonym of Golden
Pippin I) 78
York Pippin (synonym of White
Spanish Reinette) 241
York Russet (synonym of
Cheeseboro) 33
York Russet (synonym of
Pumpkin Russet) 170
York Russeting 33
Zarskischip 45
Zarski Schip 45
Zarski Zars 45
Zolotoi Renet 79
Zour Bough 168
Zuzoff of Tuttle 5
CRABAPPLES.
Amber Crab 269
Baccata fructa oblonga 261
BAILEY CRIMSON 251
Bailey's Crimson 251
Briar Sweet 251
BRIER 251
Brier's Sweet 251
Brier Sweet (synonym of Brier) 251 Brier Sweet (synonym of Van , Wyck) 268
CHERRY 252
CORAL 252
CURRANT 253
Current Crab 253
DARTMOUTH 253
EXCELSIOR 254
FLORENCE 255
GIBB 256
Golden Beauty 269
INDEX TO VARIETIES.
291
Hislop 257
HYSLOP 257
LARGE RED SIBERIAN 258
LARGE YELLOW SIBERIAN 258
MARENGO 259
Marengo No. i 259
Mar en go Winter Crab 259
MARTHA 259
MINNESOTA 260
Montreal 261
MONTREAL BEAUTY 261
OBLONG 261
Oblong-Fruited Siberian Crab.. 261
Oblong Siberian Crab 261
ORANGE 261
I
PAUL IMPERIAL 262
PICTA STRIATA 263
Pieta 263
Pieta Striata 263
Pomme Groseille 253
PAGE.
QUAKER 263
QUEEN CHOICE 264
Queen's Choice 264
RED SIBERIAN 264
SEPTEMBER 264
Siberian Crab (synonym of Red Siberian) 264
Siberian Crab (synonym of Yel- low Siberian) 269
SOULARD 265
TRANSCENDENT 266
Transcendant 267
VAN WYCK 267
Van Wyck (synonym of Brier) . 251
Van Wyck Siberian 268
Van Wyck Sweet 268
WHITNEY 268
Whitney No. 20 268
YELLOW SIBERIAN 269
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
Volumes J and 2,
(Accepted names appear wholly or in part in roman type; synonyms in italic.)
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Abe Lincoln i?8
Aberdeen 227
Accidental 227
Acuba-leaf Reinette 52
Acuba-leaved Reinette .. • • • • 52
ADIRONDACK I
ADMIRABLE *
lEsopus Spitzemberg 120
&sopus Spitzenberg 120
2Esopus Spitzenburg 120
JEsopus Spitzenburgh 120
Aiken 41
Aikens Winter (of Downing) 41
Aikin's Red 41
Aken 41
AKIN .. 41
Akin Red 41
Akin Seedling 41
Akin's Red 41
Albemarle 146
Albemarle Pippin ,.;.'* 18, 146
Albertin 3
ALBION 2
ALEXANDER 17, 1 8, 20, 25 3
ALEXANDER GROUP 25
A lexander the First 3
A lexandre 3
Alleghany 227
ALLINGTON 42
Allington Pippin 42
ALLISON 43
Almindelig 181
AMASSIA . . 44
Amber Crab 269
293
294 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
American no
American Beauty Anonym of Sterling) 45, 319
American Beauty (synonym of Sheriff) 308
AMERICAN BLUSH 45
American Blush (synonym of Hubbardston) 161
American Fall .« 62
American Fall Pippin 241
American Gloria Mundi 77
American Golden 83
American Golden Pippin 83
American Golden Russet 89
American Golden Russet (of New England) 164
American Mammoth 77
American Mother 143
American Newtozvn Pippin 146
American Nonpareille 161
American Pearmain 211
AMERICAN PIPPIN 45
American Red 178
American Red Juneating 55
American Seek-No-Further 273
American Summer 211
American Summer Pearmain 211
AMOS 46
Amos Jackson 46
AMSTERDAM 5
Amsterdam Sweet 5
ANDREWS 46
Andrews Winter 46
Anglesea Pippin 178
ANIS 26
ANISIM 5
Anisim (of Peterson) 5
Antenovka 6
Antonowka 6
ANTONOVKA 6
Antony 6
Api 181
Apt eller 181
Api Fin 181
Api Ordinaire 181
Api Petit 181
Api Rose 181
Api Rouge 181
APORT 6
APORT GROUP 20, 25
Aport (synonym of Aport Orient) 7
Aporta 3
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 295
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Aporta Nalivia, 3
APORT ORIENT 7
Apart Oriental 7
Apple of Commerce 66
Apple of the Well 363
Apy Rouge 181
Arabka 32
ARCTIC 24 7
Arkad Krasiwui 14
Arkad Krasivui 14
Arcad Krasivui 14
ARKANSAS 24, 47
Arkansas Baptist * . 140
ARKANSAS BEAUTY 49
ARKANSAS BLACK •. 24, 49
Arkansas Black (synonym of Arkansas) 47
Arkansas Black Tivig 47, 5®
Arkansaw 47
ARNOLD 50
Arnold's Beauty 50
Aromatic Spike No. 354 233
Arsapple 1 16
ARTHUR 51
Astracan Blanch 239
Astracan d'Ete 239
Astracanischer Sommcr 239
Astracan Rouge 178
Astrachan 178
Astrachan Red 178
Astrakhan Rouge 178
Astrachan White 239
Astrachan Rouge 178
Astravaskoe 155
Aubertin 3
AUCUBA 52
Acubcefolia 52
AUGUST 9
August (synonym of July) 112
August Apple 53
AUGUSTINE 10
August Sweet 216
August Sweeting 216
Aunt Dorcas 145
Aunt Ginnie 75
Aurora 227
Austin 236
Autumnal Bough 10
Autumnal Swaar (synonym of Autumn Swaar) n
296 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Autumnal Swaar (synonym of Autumn Sweet Swaar) .... 12
Autumnal Sweet I2
Autumnal Sweet Swaar 12
AUTUMN BOUGH I5 I0
Autumn Bough (synonym of Sweet Bough) 216
Autumn Pearmain (synonym of Winter Pearmain) 378
Autumn Pearmain (synonym of Long Island Pearmain) . . 124
Autumn Pippin 62
Autumn Rose 190
Autumn Seeknofurther 88
Autumn Strawberry 120
AUTUMN STREAKED 10
AUTUMN SWAAR 1 1, 12
Autumn Szvaar (synonym of Autumn Sweet Swaar) 12
Autumn Sweet 12
Autumn Sweet Bough 10
AUTUMN SWEET SWAAR 12
Avery Sweet 175
BABBITT 53
Babouskino 83
Babuscheno 83
Babuschkino 83
Babushkino 83
Baccata fructa oblonga 261
Bachelor 88
Back Creek 146
Baer 158
BAILEY CRIMSON (Crab) 251
Bailey's Golden Sweet 54
BAILEY SPICE 13
Bailey's Spice 13
BAILEY SWEET 54
Bailey Sweet (synonym of Sweet Winesap) 333
BAKER 55
BAKER SWEET 13
Baker's Sweet 13
BALDWIN 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 24, 32, 56
Baldwin Rosenapfel 56
Baldwin's Rother Pippin 56
Ball Apple 250
Baltimore (synonym of Roseau) 292
Baltimore (synonym of Gloria Mundi) 77
Baltimore (synonym of Vandevere Pippin) 231
Baltimore Pippin (synonym of Ben Davis) 69
Baltimore Pippin (synonym of Gloria Mundi) 77
Baltimore Red 69
Baltimore Red Streak 69
Banana 377
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 297
VOL. I. VOL. II. PAGE. PAGE.
BANANA SWEET 60, 377
BANKS 14
Banks Gravenstein 14
Banks Red Gravenstein 14
BAPTIST 61
BARBEL 61
Bard Apple 49
Baroveski 151
Barowiski • 151
Barretts Spitzenburgh 225
BARRINGER 62
BARRY 63
Batchellor 88
BATULLEN 64
BAXTER 64
Baxter's Red 64
BEACH 66
Beard Burden 49
Beaute de Kent 15
BEAUTIFUL ARCAD 14
Beautiful Arcade 14
Beautiful Pippin 184
Beauty 324
Beauty of America 45, 319
BEAUTY OF KENT 15
Beauty of Queen 3
Beauty of the West (synonym of Western Beauty) 239
Beauty of the West (synonym of Grosh) 89
Beauty Red 40
Bee de Lievre 264
Beel Solotofskaja 82
Beitigheimer 17
BELBORODOOSKOE 15
Belle Bonde . . . . 75
Belle Bonne 75
Belle d' Angers 21
Belle de Boscoop 25
Belle de Boskoop 25
Belle d' Orleans 3
Belle de Rome 290
Belle Dubois 77
BELLE ET BONNE 67
Belle Fille 264
Belle Flavoise 381
BeUe-fleur 381
Belle-fleur jaune 381
Belle-Flower 381
BelleHower Improved 204
298 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Belle Josephine (synonym of Gloria Mundi) 77
Belle Josephine (synonym of White Spanish Reinette) 241
Belle of Boskoop 25
Bellerdovskoe 15
Belle Rose 168
Bell-Flower 381
BellHower 381
Bellnower of the West 148
Bell's Early 203
Bell's Favorite 203
Bellyband 67
BELMONT 67
Belmont Late 67
Belpre Russet , 293
BEN DAVIS 17, 18, 19, 21, 24, 68
Ben Ford 45
Benniger 15
BENNINGER 15
Bennington 203
BENONI 16
BENTLEY 71
Bentley's Sweet 71
Bergamot 6
BERGEN 72
Berry 227
Berry Apple 39
Bersford 269
BESS POOL — 72
Best Pool 72
BETHEL 19, 24, 72, 321
BETHLEHEMITE 74
Bethlemite 74
Bielborodovskce 15
BlETIGHEIMER 17
Big Hill (synonym of Nickajack) 227
Big Hill (synonym of Pryor) 269
Big Rambo (synonym of Western Beauty) 239
Big Rambo (synonym of Grosh) 89
Big Romanite (synonym of Greyhouse) 153
Big Romanite (synonym of Pennock) 255
Big S^veet 233
, Big Vandevere 231
BILLY BOND 75
BIRTH 18
Bishop's Pippin of Nova Scotia 381
BISMARCK 25 19
Bismark J9
Black American 79
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 299
VOL. I. VOL. II. PAGE. PAGE.
BLACK ANNETTE 76 20
Black Apple (synonym of Black Jersey} 79
Black Apple (synonym of Detroit Red) 46
Black Baldzvin 60
BLACK BEN DAVIS 76
Black Ben Davis (synonym of Gano) 135
Blackburn 88
Black Detroit 46
BLACK GILLIFLOWER 12, 16, 17, 18, 32, 77
Black Jack 153
BLACK Jersey 79
BLACK LADY APPLE 182
Black Pennock 153
Black Spits 77
Black Spitzenberg 132
Black Spy 189
Black Sweet 219
Black Twig 247
Black Vandervere 153
Black Vandevere 153
Blair ~ 208
Blanche 241
Blanche d'Espagne 241
Blanche Glacee d'Ete , 239
BLENHEIM 20
Blenheim Orange 21
Blenheim Pippin 21
Blenheimsrenett 21
BLOOM 69
Blooming Orange 21
Blue Baldwin 60
BLUE PEARMAIN 17, 18, 19, 24, 80
BLUE PEARMAIN GROUP 24
Blunien Calvill 85
BLUSHED CALVILLE 22
Blushed June 181
Blush June 181
Boatman's Seedling 359
Bogdanoff (synonym of Bogdanoff Glass) 81
Bogdanoff (synonym of Grandmother) 83
BOGDANOFF GLASS 81
Bogdanoff Steklianka 83
Bohannon 118
BOIKEN 82
Boiken Apfel 82
Bonford 269
BONUM 23
BOROVINKA , 24
300 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Borovinka Angluskaia 24
Borovitsky (synonym of Oldenburg) 25 151
Borovitsky (synonym of Borovinka) 24
Borowicki 151
Borowitski 151
Borowitsky 151
BORSDORF 83
Borsdorfer (synonym of Borsdorf) 84
Borsdorfer (synonym of Anisim) 5
BOSKOOP 25
BOSTON RUSSET 85
Boston Russet (synonym of Roxbury) 293
BOTTLE GREENING 24, 85
BOUCKEN 86
Bough 216
Bough, Early Sweet 216
Bough Sweet 26, 216
Bow Apple 216
Bowers Apple 329
BOYS DELIGHT 86
Bracken 240
Bracy's Seek-No-Further 88
Brandywine 213
Bread and Cheese 273
BRESKOVKA 26
Briar Sweet - 251
BRIER (Crab) 251
Brier Sweet (synonym of Brier) 251
Brier Sweet (synonym of Van Wyck) 268
BRILLIANT 69
BRISTOL 86
Bristol (synonym of Red Canada) 276
Broad River ... .\ 289
Brooke Pippin 146
Brown' Golden Sweet 343
BROWNLEES 86
Brownlees Russet 86
Brownlees Seedling Russet 86
BROWN SWEET 87
BUCKINGHAM 18, 88
Buckley 33
Buckram 97
Buchanan 149
Buler 174
BULLOCK 15, 89
Bullock (synonym of Hunt Russet) 164
Bullock's Pippin (synonym of Bullock) 89
Bullock's Pippin (synonym of Ewalt) 124
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 301
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Bullripe 49
B UNKER HILL 27
Burlington 225
Burlington Greening 282
Burlington Spitzenberg 225
BUTTER 27
Butter Pippin 78
Byers 88
Byers Red 88
Cabane du Chien 98
Cabashaw 227
CABASHEA (Winter) 91, 176
CABASHEA 28
C abashed (synonym of Twenty Ounce Pippin) 349
Cabashie 28
Calkin's Pippin 30
Calville Butter 56
Calville de Gravenstein 85
Calville Grafensteiner 85
Calville Krasmui 22
Cambour des Lorrains 213
Camoisas du roi d'Espagne 241
Camoise Blanche 241
Camoisee Blanche 241
CAMPFIELD 91
Camuesar 241
Camuezas 241
Camusar 241
CANADA BALDWIN 25, 92 69
Canada Peach 159
Canada Pippin (synonym of Canada Reinette) 93
Canada Pippin (synonym of White Pippin) 368
Canada Red (synonym of Red Canada) 276
Canada Red (synonym of Roseau) 292
Canada Redstreak 276
CANADA REINETTE 32, 93
Canada Reinette (synonym of Cheeseboro) 33
Canadian Reinette 93
Canadisk Reinet 93
Canfield 91
CANNON Pearmain 95
Capp Mammoth 206
Cardinale 181
CARLOUGH 95
Carnation Apple 96
Carolina (synonym of Nickajack) 227
Carolina (synonym of White Juneating) 240
Carolina June 181
302 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
«
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Carolina Red 181
Carolina Red June 181
Carolina Red Streak 69
Carolina Spice 227
Caroline (synonym of Nickajack) 227
Caroline (synonym of White Juneating) 240
CARPENTIN 96
Carpentin Reinette 96
Carthouse 138
CATHEAD 29
Cathead (synonym of Cheeseboro) 33
Cathead (synonym of Fall Pippin) 62
Cathead Greening 29
Catshead 29
Catshead Greening 29
Cattell Apple 148
Caux 114
Cayuga Red Streak 227
CAYWOOD 96
CELESTIA 29
Chaltram Pippin 227
Champion 99
Champion Red 99
CHAMPLAIN 30
CHANDLER 31
Chandler's Red 31
CHARLAMOFF 32
Charlamoski 32
Charlamovskoe 32
Charlamowiski 151
Charlamowski d'Automne 151
Charlamowskircher Nalleoid 151
Charlamowskoe 32
Charlamowsky 151
Charles Apple 199
Charlottenthaler 222
Charlottenthaler Apple 222
Charlottenthaler Golba 222
Charmant Blanc 213
Chase 166
Chatham Pippin 227
Cheat (synonym of Domine) 109
Cheat (synonym of Wells) 363
Cheatan Pippin 227
Cheataw 227
Cheesborough 33
CKEESEBORO 33
Cheeseboro's Russet 33
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 303
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Cheeseborough 33
Cheeseborough Russet 33
CHENANGO 33
Chenango Strawberry . 33
CHERRY (Crab) 252
Chimney Apple 65
Christ Birth 18
Christ Birth Apple 18
Christmas 18
Christmas Apple 181
Christ's Golden Reinette 114
Choice Kcntuck 311
Cider 3H
Cider Apple 31 1
Cinnamon 6
CLAPPER FLAT 34
CLARKE 35
Clarke Beauty 35
CLAYTON 96
Cling Tight 109
Clothes-yard Apple 145
CLYDE 36
Clyde Beauty 36
Coalbrook 225
Cobbett's Fall (synonym of Fall Pippin) 62
Cobbeti's Fall (synonym of White Spanish Reinette).... 241
Cobbett's Fall Pippin (synonym of Fall Pippin) 62
Cobbett's Fall Pippin (synonym of White Spanish Reinette) 241
CODLING 117
Codlin, Keswick 117
Coe's Spice 49
COFFELT 97
Coffelt Beauty 97
Coggeswell 98
COGSWELL 98
Cogswell Pearmain 98
Coleman 227
Cole's Quince 174
COLLAMER 36
Collamer Twenty Ounce 36
COLLINS 99
Collins' Red 99
COLTON 37
Colton Early 37
COLVERT 38
Combermere Apple 206
Compound 329
304 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Cotnpte Orloff 233
Comte Woronzoff 3
Concombre Ancien (synonym of Fall Pippin) 62
Concombre Ancien (synonym of White Spanish Reinette) 241
Conford 269
Conic June 118
Connecticut Seek-No-Further 364
CONSTANTINE 39
Coon 107
Coon Red 107
COOPER 16 40
COOPER MARKET 100
Cooper's Red (synonym of Cooper Market) 101
Cooper's Red (synonym of Etowah) 123
Cooper's Redling 101
Copmanthorpe Crab 114
Copp's Mammoth 77
Corail 3
CORAL (Crab) 252
CORNELL 40
Cornell Fancy 41
Cornell's Favorite 41
Cornell's Savewell 299
CORNER 41
CORNISH GILLIFLOWER 138
Cornish Gillinoiver (synonym of Scollop Gilliflower) 197
Corse's St. Lawrence 193
Cos Orange 42
Coss Champion 99
Costard 29
Costard Ray 29
Count Orloff 233
Coustard 29
Cox ORANGE 42
Cox's Orange Pippin 42
Cox's Pomona 165
CRANBERRY PIPPIN 300 43
Crandall Seedling .' 107
Crane's Pippin 244
CREAM 44
Crimson Beauty 196
Crimson Pippin (synonym of Scarlet Pippin) 196
Crimson Pippin (synonym of Detroit Red) 46
Crimson Scarlet Pippin 196
CROTTS 102
CROW EGG 44
CROWNS 102
Cuir, De 264
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 305
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Gumming' s Rambo 89
CURRANT (Crab) 3 253
Current (Crab) 253
Curtis Greening 331
Cut Wine 244
Czarskui Schip 45
CZAR THORN 45
Dahlonega 227
Dame de Menage 206
DANVERS Sweet 103
Danvers Winter 103
Danvers Winter Sweet 15, 103
Dark Baldwin 60
DARTMOUTH ( Crab) 253
DEACON JONES 104
DEADERICK 45
Dean's Codlin 165
De Bretagne 93
De Cuir 264
De Glace d'Ete 239
De Glace Hative 239
Deiltz 201
De La Madeleine Rouge 55
Delaware 273
Delaware Red Winter 189
Delaware Winter 189
De Lorraine 213
Demary ." . 73
DEMOCRAT 105
De Muscovie d'Ete 239
De Neige 65
De Notre-Dame 213
De Rambourg 213
De Rambure 213
De Rateau 62
De Ratteau 241
Der Carpentin 96
De Revel (synonym of Yellow Transparent) 248
De Revel (synonym of Vineuse Rouge) 233
Derrick and Ann 186
Derrick's Graft 186
Der Schwere Apfel 326
De Seigneur d'Automne 29
D'Espagne (synonym of Fall Pippin) 62
D'Espagne (synonym of White Spanish Reinette) 241
Deterding's Early 178
Detroit (synonym of Ortley) 244
Detroit (synonym of Detroit Red) 46
306 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Detroit Black 46
DETROIT RED " 12 46
Detroit of the West 244
D'Eve 141
De Vin du Conn 227
Dewit Apple 107
De Witt 107
Dickenson 106
DICKINSON 106
Die Haarlemer Reinette 93
Diets Sommerkonig 85
Die Weiberreinette 93
DISHAROON 107
Dix-huit Onces 227
DOCTOR 17, 107
Doctor Dezvitt 107
DOCTOR WALKER 108
Dodge's Black 79
Dodge's Early Red 203
DOMINE 17, 109
Domine (synonym of Wells ?) 363
Dominie 109
Doppelte Casselar Reinette 114
D'Or d'Angleterre 141
DOUBLE ROSE no
Douse 95
Downing's Winter Maiden Blush 152
Dows 95
Dowse 95
Dredge's Fame 21
Du Bois in
Duchess 151
Duchesse d'Oldenbourg 151
Duchess No. 3 158
Duchess of Oldenburg 48, 151
Duchess of Oldenburgh 151
Ducks Bill 3?8
DUDLEY 48
Dudley Winter 48
Duitsch Mignonne 114
DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE in
Duke of Wellington 112
Du Marechal 65
DUMELOW 1 12
Dumelow's Crab 112
Dumelow's Pippin 112
Dumelozv's Seedling 112
Dumpling 208
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 307
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
DUNCAN 113
Durable Trois ans 1 16
Dutches* 151
Dutches* of Oldenberg 151
Dutch Greening 253
DUTCH MIGNONNE 32, 1 14
Dutch Mignonne (synonym of Blenheim) 21
Dutch Minion 114
Duverson's June H1
DUZENBURY 115
DYER 49
Early Baldwin 168
Early Bough 216
EARLY CHANDLER 16
Early Colton 37
Early Congress 85
Early French Reinette (synonym of Early Harvest) 51
Early French Reinette (synonym of Sweet Bough) 216
Early Golden Sweet 81
EARLY HARVEST 15, 17, l8 5°
Early Jack 106
Early Jennetting 240
EARLY JOE 52
Early July Pippin 51
Early June (synonym of Early Harvest) 51
Early June (synonym of Egg Top) 56
Early June of South 141
Early Margaret '. I41
Early May 240
EARLY PENNOCK 53
Early Red .- 141
Early Red Juneating 141
Early Red Margaret I4T
Early Red Pippin 93
Early Redstreak 93
Early Red Streak 93
EARLY RIPE 54
EARLY STRAWBERRY 15, 17 54
Early Striped Juneating 141
Early Summer Pearmain 211
Early Sweet 98
Early Sweet Bough 216
Early Sweetheart 216
Early Tart Harvest 168
Early Washington 203
Edelborsdorfer 84
Edgar County Red Streak 357
Edgar Red Streak 357
308 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Edgerly Sweet 54
EDWARDS 115
Edzvards (synonym of Nickajack) 227
Edwards Favorite 115
Edward Shantee 227
Egg Jop 44
EGG TOP 5(5
Eighteen Ounce 227
Eighteen Ounce Apple 227
EISER 1 16
Eiser Rouge 1 16
ELGIN PIPPIN 56
Elgin Pippin (synonym of White Spanish Reinette) 241
ELLSWORTH 117
Empereur Alexandre I 3
Empereur Alexandre de Russie 3
Empereur de Russie 3
Emperor Alexander 3
Englese Orange Appel 154
Englische Granat-Reinette 184
Englischer Pepping 57
English Beauty of Pennsylvania 109
English Borovinka 24
ENGLISH CODLING 117
English Golden 143
English Golden Pippin 141
English Golden Russet 143
English Jannetting 230
English King 3
ENGLISH PEARMAIN 16
English Pearmain (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) .... 125
ENGLISH PIPPIN 57
English Pippin (synonym of Longfield) 123
English Pippin (synonym of Golden Reinette) 142
English Rambo (synonym of Grosh) 89
English Rambo (synonym of Domine) 109
English Rambo (synonym of Wells) 363
English Red Streak (synonym of Domine) 109
English Red Streak (synonym of Redstreak) 278
English Red Streak (synonym of Wells) 363
English Redstreak 278
ENGLISH RUSSET 1 18
English Russet (synonym of Long Island Russet I) 194
English Spitzemberg 225
English Spitsenberg 225
English Sweet 58, 175
English Sweeting 175
English Vandevere 312
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 309
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
English Winter Red Streak (synonym of Domine) 109
English Winter Red Streak (synonym of Wells) 363
Episcopal 62
Episcopate < 241
Eppes Szueet 103
Epse's Sweet 103
Equinetely 88
Ernst's Apple 149
Ernst's Pippin 149
Esopus 120
Esopus Spitzemberg 121
Esopus Spitzenberg 121
Esopus Spitzenberg (New) 172
ESOPUS Spitsenburg 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 120
Esopu* Spittsenburgh 121
Essex Pippin 184
ETOWAH 123
Etowah (synonym of Cooper Market) 101
ETRIS 123
Eve 56
Eve Apple (synonym of Egg Top) 56
Eve Apple (synonym of Margaret) 141
Everbearing 108
EVENING PARTY 123
EWALT 124
EXCELSIOR (Crab) 254
Faldwalder 125
FALIX 125
FALLA WATER 18, 32, 125
Fall Bough 10
Fall de W aides 125
Fallcnwalder 125
Fall Geneting 59
Fall Gennetting 59
FALL GREENING 58
Fall Green Sweet 233
FALL HARVEY 58
Fall Jenetting 59
FALL JENNETING 59
Fall Jennetting 59
FALL ORANGE 12, 60
FALL PIPPIN 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 24 61
FALL PIPPIN GROUP 24
Fall Pippin (synonym of Fall Harvey) 5&
Fall Pippin (synonym of Holland Pippin) 101
Fall Pippin (synonym of White Spanish Reinette) 241
Fall Queen (syonym of Buckingham) 88
Fall Queen (synonym of fraas) 91
310 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Fall Queen of Kentucky 88
Fall Romanite 273
Fall Strawberry 120
Fall Stripe 196
Fall Swaar 1 1
Fall Sivaar of the West 1 1
Fall Vandervere 231
FALL WINE 63
Fall Winesap 89
FAMEUSE 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 23, 25 65
Fameuse (synonym of Utter) 230
Fameuse Baldwin 98
FAMEUSE, GREEN 69
FAMEUSE GROUP 20, 25 68
FAMEUSE NOIRE 69
FAMEUSE SUCRE 69
FAMILY 127
FANNY 69
FARRIS 128
Faust's Rome Beauty 290
Fay's Russet 164
Fetch 56
Femme de Menage 206
FERDINAND 129
FERRIS 130
Feuilles D'Aucuba 52
Filliken 153
Fin d'Automne 3
Fine Winter 373
Fink 336
Fink's Seedling 336
FlSHKILL 32 70
Fishkill Beauty 70
Five-Quartered Gilliflower 197
Flanders Pippin 206
Flat 34
Flat Spitzenburg 345
Flint Russet 170
FLORENCE 130
FLORENCE (Crab) 255
FLORY 131
Flory Bellflower 131
Floiver (of Genesee) 73
Flushing (synonym of Flushing Spitsenburg) 132
Flushing (synonym of Newtown Spitzenburg) 225
Flushing Seek-No-Further 88
Flushing Spitzenberg 132
FLUSHING Spitzenburg 132
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 311
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Flushing Spitzenburg 132
Flushing Spitzenburg (synonym of Roseau) 292
Flushing Spitzenburgh 132
FORD 71
FOREST 133
Forever Pippin 33
Formosa 184
Formosa Pippin 184
Fornwalder 125
Forsythe's Seedling 227
Fourth of July 112
Fowler 311
Praise 55
FRAKER 133
Fraker's Seedling 133
FRANCHOT 71
Frank 33
Frankfort Queen 88
Frank Rambour 213
FRENCH PIPPIN 24, 134
French Pippin (synonym of Holland Pippin) 101
French Pippin (synonym of Roman Stem) 188
French Pippin (synonym of Newark Pippin) 223
French Rambo 89
French Reinette 215
French Russet 264
French Spitzenburgh 215
French Spitzenburg of Vermont 292
Fuller 311,
FULLERTON SWEET 71
Funkhouser 69
Gait 67
GANG 21, 135
GARDEN ROYAL 72
Gardener's Apple 143
GARDNER SWEET PEARMAIN 73
Gate 67
Gay's Romanite 255
Gelber Belleneur 381
Gelber Englischer Schdnbluhender 381
Gelee d'Ete 239
General Chandler 31
GENESEE FLOWER 73
Genet 271
Geneton 271
Geneva Pearmain 30
GENEVA PIPPIN 136
Geniton 271
312 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Gennetin 271
Genneting 271
Gennetting (synonym of Rails) 271
Gennetting (synonym of White Juneating) 240
Germaine 378
German Calville 6
German Calville 324 6
German Green 93
German Spitzenberg 153
Georgia June 181
GIBB (Crab) '. 256
Gibbon's Smokehouse (synonym of Vandevere Pippin).... 231
Gibbons Smokehouse (synonym of Smokehouse) 312
GIDEON 74
GIDEON SWEET 24, 137
Gideon White 74
Gillet's Seedling 290
GlLLIFLOWER l6
Gilliflozver 77, 138
GILPIN 17, 32, 138
Ginet 271
- Ginetting 240
GINNIE 75
GlVENS 140
Glace de Zelande 239
Glade d'Ete 239
GLADSTONE 25 75
Glazenwood 77
Glazenwood Gloria Mundi 77
GLENLOCH 140
GLORIA MUNDI 76
Glory of York 184
Gloucester Pippin 21
Golden Apple 83
Golden Beauty 269
Golden Gray 328
GOLDEN MEDAL 141
GOLDEN PIPPIN 16, 141
GOLDEN PIPPIN (I) 78
GOLDEN PIPPIN (II) 79
Golden Pippin (synonym of Fall Pippin) 62
Golden Pippin (synonym of Golding) 83
Golden Pippin (synonym of Belmont) 67
Golden Pippin (synonym of Ortley) 244
GOLDEN PIPPINS 78
GOLDEN RED 142
GOLDEN REINETTE 142 79
Golden Rennet 142
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 313
VOL. I. VOL. II. PAGE. PAGE.
GOLDEN RUSSET 17, 18, 143, 295
Golden Russet (synonym of Bullock) 89
Golden Russet (synonym of Perry Russet) 257
Golden Russet, American 89
Golden Russet (not of New York} 164
Golden Russet of Massachusetts. 164
Golden Russet of New England 164
Golden Russet of New York 143
Golden Russet of Western New York 143
Golden Spice 49
GOLDEN SWEET 81
Golden Sweet (synonym of Northern Sweet) 147
Golden Sweeting 81
GOLDEN WHITE 82
GOLDING 82
Gold Medal 141
Goldreinette von Blenheim 21
Good Peasant (synonym of Longfield) 123
Good Peasant (synonym of Anisim) 5
Gov. Seward's 227
Gowden 227
Gowdie 227
Grafen-Apfel 85
Grafensteiner 85
Graham's Red Warrior 227
Granat-Reinette 184
Grand Alexander 3
Grand Ale.vandre 3
Grand Due Constantin 39
Grand Duke Constantine 25 39
GRANDMOTHER 83
Grand M other 83
Grandmother's Apple ' 145
Grand Sultan (synonym of Vineuse Rouge) 233
Grand Sultan (synonym of Yellow Transparent) 248
GRANITE BEAUTY 145
Grantham 108
GRAVENSTEIN 12, 15, 17, 18 84
Gravensteiner 85
Gravenstein Rouge 180
Gravenstine 85
Grave Slige 85
Grave Slije 85
Gray Apple (synonym of McAfee) 196
Gray Apple (synonym of Pomme Grise) 264
Gray Baldzvin 60
Grayhouse 153
Gray Romanite (synonym of Greyhouse) 153
Gray Romanite (synonym of Rambo) 273
314 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Gray's Keeper 196
Greasy Pippin (synonym of Ortley) 244
Greasy Pippin (synonym of Lowell) 128
GREAT BARBE 145
GREAT MOGUL 87
Great Pearmain 378
Green Bellflower 244
Greening 145, 282
Green Mountain Pippin (synonym of Fallawater) 125
Green Mountain Pippin (synonym of Virginia Greening) . . 352
GREEN NEWTOWN 17, 1 8, 24, 145, 149
Green Newtown Pippin 146
Green Newton Pip pen (synonym of Rhode Island Green- ing) 282
GREEN PIPPIN 16
GREEN SEEK-NO- FURTHER 88
GREEN SWEET 150
Green Sweet (synonym of Repka Malenka) 282
Green Sweet (synonym of Victuals and Drink) 233
GREEN SWEETING 151
Green Sweeting (synonym of Green Sweet) 151
Green Transparent 233
GREENVILLE 152
Green Winter Pearmain 378
Green Winter Pippin 146
GREYHOUSE 153
GRIMES 1 8, 19, 23, 153
Grimes Golden 154
Grimes Golden Pippin 154
Grindstone 45
Grise 264
Gros-Alexandre 3
Gros Api Rouge 181
GROSH 89
Grosh (synonym of Summer Rambo) 213
Crash's Mammoth 89
Groskoe Selenka Griiner 233
Gros Pomier 91
Gros Pommier 91
Gros-Rambour d'Ete 213
Gros Rambour d'Hiver 206
Grosse Casselar Reinette 114
Grosse Reinette d'Angleterre 93
Grosser Mogul 87
Grosse-Schafnase 29
GRUNDY 90
Gul. Bellefleur ,. 381
HAAS 91
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 315
VOL. I. VOL. II. . PAGE. PAGE.
HAGLOE 92
Hagloe Crab 92
Hampers American 178
Hampshire Greening 282
Hang-On 339
Hard Red 153
Hardwick 326
HARGROVE 155
Harmony 53
Harrigan 208
Harvest (synonym of Early Harvest) 51
Harvest (synonym of Primate) 168
Harvest Apple 215
HARVEST REDSTREAK 93
Harvey 58
HASKELL 93
Haskell Sweet 94
Hass 91
Haus Miitterchen 206
Haverstraw Pippin 30
Hawkins Pippin 73
HAWLEY 15, 24 94
Haivley (synonym of Hawthornden) 96
Hawthorndean 96
HAWTHORNDEN 96
Hays 373
Hays Apple 373
Hays Wine 373
Hays Winter 373
Hays Winter Wine 373
HAYWOOD 155
HAZEN 156
Heaster 158
Heicke's Summer Queen 53
Heister 158
HELEN 183
H mpstead 321
Hendrick 333
Hendrick Sweet 333
HENNIKER 156
Henrick 333
Henrick Sweet 333
Henry Sweet 333
Henshaw 88
Herbstbreitling 213
Herbst Strening 10
Herbst StreHling 10
HEREFORDSHIRE 157
316 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Herefordshire Beefing 157
Herefordshire Pearmain 378
Herefordshire Redstreak 278
Herr's June 141
Hertfordshire Pearmain 378
HIBERNAL 26 96
HICKS 97
HIESTER 158
HIGHLAND BEAUTY 159, 183
Highland Pippin 168
HIGHTOP SWEET 97
High Top Sweet 98
High Top Sweet (synonym of Amsterdam) 5
High Top Sweeting 98
HILAIRE 69, 98
HILTON , 99
Himbeerapfel Lievlander 129
Himbeerapfel Livlandcr 129
Hislop 257
HOADLEY 99
Hogan > 109
HOG ISLAND SWEET 100
Hogpen 60
Holden 60
Holden Pippin 60
HOLLAND PIPPIN 101
Holland Pippin (synonym of Fall Pippin) 62
Holland Pippin (synonym of Domine) 24, 109
Holland Pippin (synonym of Holland Winter) 159
Holland's Red Winter '. 375
HOLLAND WINTER 159
Hollow Cored Pippin 244
Hollow Core Pippin 244
Hollow Crown Pearmain (synonym of Wine) 373
Hollow Crown Pearmain (synonym of Long Island Pear- main) 124.
HOLMES 161
HOLMES SWEET 161
Hominy 203
Honey Greening 16, 151
Honey Siveet 380
HOOK 103
Hoop 153
Hoopes 153
Hoopes Pearmain 153
Hoops 153
Hopsey 153
Hopson 153
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 317
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Horning 203
Horse 91
Hoss 91
House (synonym of Greyhouse) 153
House (synonym of Fall Wine) 64
Howard 227
HOWARD BEST 103
Howard Russet 33
Howard's Best 103
Howard's Best Russian 103
Howard's Sweet 54
Howe Apple 245
Hower 64
Hoypen 60
Hubbard 227
HUBBARDSTON 17, l8, l6l
Hubbardston Nonsuch (synonym of Hubbardston) 161
Hubbardston Nonsuch (synonym of Sutton) 324
Hudson Red Streak . 125
HUNTER PIPPIN 104
HUNT RUSSET 164
Hunt's Fine Green Pippin 146
Hunt's Green Newtown Pippin 146
HUNTSMAN 18, 165
Huntsman's Favorite 165
Hurlburt 105
HURLBUT 104
Hurlbut (synonym of Ramsdell Sweet) 175
Hurlbut Stripe 105
Hurlbut Sweet 175
Hurlbutt 105
HYDE KING 166
Hyde's King (of the West) 166
HYSLOP (Crab) 257
Illinois Greening 331
Imperial Vandervere 231
Imperial White 1 57
Imperatrice Eugenie 21
Imperatrice Josephine 77
Indian 196
Indiana Jannetting 271
Indiana Vandevere 231
Indian Queen 53
Ingraham 167
INGRAM 24, 167
Ingram Seedling 167
Inman 244
ISHAM 106
318 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Isham Sweet 106
Isle of Wight Orange (synonym of Marigold) 202
Isle of Wight Orange (synonym of Orange Pippin) 154
Isle of Wight Pippin (synonym of Marigold) 202
Isle of Wight Pippin (synonym of Orange Pippin) 154
JACK 106
Jack Apple 106
JACKSON 168
Jackson (synonym of Amos) 46
Jackson (synonym of Chenango) 33
Jackson Red 227
Jackson Seedling 168
Jackson Winesap 311
Jacks Red 135
Jacobs 169
JACOBS SWEET 169
Jacobs Win ter Sweet 169
James River (synonym of Limbertwig) 193
James River (synonym of Willow) 370
Janet 271
Janetting 271
Januarea 93
JARVIS 107
Jefferies 108
JEFFERIS 108
JEFFERSON COUNTY 109
Jefferson Pippin 271
Jeffries 108
Jellynoiver 197
Jeniton 271
Jenneting 240
Jennett 271
Jennetie 271
Jennetting 109
Jennetting (synonym of White Juneating) 240
Jennings 166
Jenniton 271
Jersey Black 79
Jersey Greening (synonym of Ortley) 244
Jersey Greening (synonym of Rhode Island Greening} .... 282
JERSEY SWEET 12 no
Jersey Sweeting no
JEWETT Red 19, 170
Jewett's Fine Red 170
Jewctt's Red 170
Joaneting 240
Joe Berry 225
Joe Precoce S2
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 319
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Johnathan I72
John May 161
Johnson 278
Johnson's Fine Winter 385
Jolly Gentleman 3
JONATHAN 17, 1 8, 24, 32, 172
JONATHAN BULER 174
Jonathan of Buler 174
Jonathan of the North 5
Jones Early Harvest 181
Jones Pippin 60
Jones Seedling 43
Josephine (synonym of Gloria Mundi) 77
Josephine (synonym of White Spanish Reinette) 241
Josie Moore 219
JUDSON Ill
JULY 112
July Apple 168
July Early Pippin 51
July, Fourth of 112
July Pippin 51
June (synonym of Margaret) 141
June (synonym of Red June) 181
Juneateing 240
Juneating 109
Juneating (synonym of White Juneating) 240
Juneting 240
Juniata 234
KAIGHN 183 113
Kaighn's Spitzemburg 113
Kaighn's Spitzenberg 113
Kaighn's Spitzenbergh 113
Kaighn's Spitzenburg (synonym of Kaighn) 113
Kaighn's Spitzenburg (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) .. 125
Kaighn's Spitzenburgh 113
Kaign's Spitzenburg 113
Kaiser A lexander 3
Kajaboivka 114
KALKIDON 114
Kalkidonskoe 114
Kalkidouskoe 114
Kalkidovskoe 114
Kahil jeltui 247
Kalvil scholti 247
Kanada Reinette 94
Kanada-renett 93
Kansas 175
KANSAS GREENING 175
320 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
KANSAS KEEPER 175
Karaboff 1 14
KARABOVKA 114
Karabowka 115
Kelley's Sweet 219
Kelly White 67
Kempster's Pippin 21
Kennebcc Seedling 245
Kent Beauty 15
Kent Fillbasket 115
Kentish Filbasket 115
KENTISH FILLBASKET 115
Kentish Pippin 15
KENT PIPPIN 16
Ken tucky Beliftoiver 125
Kentucky Gilliftower 125
Kentucky Pippin 69
Kentucky Queen 88
Kentucky Red Streak 357
Kentucky Streak 69
KES WICK 1 16
Keswick Codlin 117
Keswick Codling 117
Kettageska 178
Keystone 153
Khalkidonskoe 114
Kinderhook Pippin 77
King (synonym of Buckingham) 88
King (synonym of Tompkins King) 176, 345
King (synonym of Twenty Ounce Pippin) 349
King Apple 345
King George the Third 84
King of Tompkins County 345
King Philip 172
Kingsbury Russet (synonym of Cheeseboro) 33
Kingsbury Russet (synonym of Pumpkin Russet) 170
KlNNAIRD l8, 176
Kinnaird's Choice 176
Kinnaird's Favorite 176
Kinnard 176
Kinnard's Choice 176
KlKKBRIDGE 1 18
Kirkbridge White 1 18
Kirkes Golden Reinette 142
KlRKLAND 177
KlTTAGESKEE l8, 178
Kleine Graue Reinette 96
Kleiner Apt 181
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 321
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Knight's Red June , 181
Korallen Apfel 3
Kountz 225
La Belle Fameuse 65
LACKER 179
Lacquier 179
Ladies Favorite of Tennessee 88
Ladies Sweet (synonym of Lady Sweet) 184
Ladies Sweet (synonym of Sweet Winesap) 333
Ladies Sweeting 184
LADY 15, 17, 32, 180
Lady Apple 181
Lady Blush 139
Lady de Grey's 115
LADY FINGER 183 118
Lady Finger (synonym of Kaighn) 183 113
Lady Finger (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) 125
Lady Finger Pippin 183
LADY GROUP 182
Lady Henniker 156
Lady Pippin 66
Lady's Apple 242
LADY SEEDLINGS 183
Lady Suffield 126
Lady Sutherland 126
Lady's Sweet 184
Lady's Sweeting 184
LADY SWEET 184
Lady Szveet (synonym of Sweet Winesap) 333
Lady Sweeting 333
Lady Washington (synonym of Yellow Bellflower) 381
Lady Washington (synonym of Cooper) 40
La Fameuse 65
Lambertwig 193
Lammas 142
Lancaster Queen 212
LANDON 185
LANDSBERG 119
Landsberger Reinette 119
Landsburg . ... 119
Landsburger Reinette 119
Lane Albert ' 268
Lane's Prince Albert 268
Langerfeldskoe 123
Langford 186
LANKFORD 18, 186
Lankford's Seedling 186
Lansberger Reinette 119
322 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Lansinburg 188
LANSINGBURG 187
Lansingburgh 188
Lansingburg Pippin 188
Laquier 179
Large Bough 216
Large Early 51
Large Early Bough 216
Large Early Harvest 51
Large Early Yellow Bough 216
Large Fall 241
Large Fall Pippin 241
Large Golden Pippin (synonym of Champlain) 30
Large Golden Pippin (synonym of Golden Pippin) 78
LARGE LADY APPLE 182
Large Newtown Pippin 146
Large Rambo (synonym of Rambo) 273
Large Rambo (synonym of Grosh) 89
Large Red and Green Sweeting 177
LARGE RED SIBERIAN ( Crab ) 258
Large Red Sweeting 177
Large Romanite 255
Large Striped Pearmain 196
Large Striped Winter Pearmain 196
Large Summer Rambo 89
Large Sweet Bough 216
Large Vandervere 23 1
Large White Juneating 51
Large Winter Red 373
Large Yellow Bough 216
Large Yellow Newton Pippin 146
Large Yellow Newtown Pippin 146
LARGE YELLOW SIBERIAN (Crab) 258
La Rue 64
Late Baldwin 56
Late Bough 10
Late Chandler . .31
LATE DUCHESS 25
Late Golden Sweet 13
LATE STRAWBERRY 120
LATHAM 121
LA VICTOIRE 188 69
La Victoria Seedling 188
LAWVER '8, .189
LEAD 121
Lead Apple , 121
Leanham 227
Leather Apple of Turic 264
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 323
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Lecker 179
Leder 264
LEEDS BEAUTY 196
LEE SWEET 191
LEHIGH Greening 134, 192
Lexington Queen 88
Lievland Raspberry 129
Lille Api 181
LILLY OF KENT 193
Lily of Kent 193
Lima 227
Limber Tivig 193
Ll MBERTWIG 193
LIMBERTWIG (small or red) 193
LIMBERTWIG (large or green) 194
Lincoln 245
LINCOLN PIPPIN 122
Lincoln Pippin (synonym of Yellow Bellflower) 381
Lincoln Pippin (synonym of Winthrop Greening) 245
Lincolnshire Pippin 96
LlNDENWALD 122
Lineous Pippin 381
Linnoeus Pippin 381
Lippincott 215
Litsey 108
Little Pear-main 89
Little Red Romanite (synonym of Gilpin) 138
Little Red Romanite (synonym of Romanite) 289
Little Repka 282
Little Seedling 282
Liveland Raspberry 129
Livesleys Imperial 126
Livland Raspberry 129
Livre 206
Lock's Favorite 361
Lodge's Early 215
Logan's Northern Pippin 213
Long Bois 181
LONGFIELD 26 122
Longfield's Apple 123
Long Island 60
Long Island Graft 60
LONG ISLAND PEARMAIN 124
LONG ISLAND PIPPIN 16
LONG ISLAND RUSSET (I) 17, 194
LONG ISLAND RUSSET (II) 195
Long Island Seek-No-Further „ 130
Long John (synonym of Kaighn) 113
324 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Long John (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) 125
Long Pearmain (synonym of Kaighn) 113
Long Pearmain (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) 125
Long Pippin 183
LONG RED PEARMAIN 125
LONG STEM OF PENNSYLVANIA 196
LONG STEM 125
Long Stem Sweet 13
LONGWORTH 125
Long-worth Red Winter 125
Lopside 153
Lop-sided Pearmain 153
Lop-side Pearmain 153
Lord Kingston 96
Lord Nelson 21
LORD SUFFIELD 126
Lothringer Rambour 89
Lothringer Rambour d'Ete 213
Lou 126
Louis XVIII 55
LOUISE 20, 25 69, 126
Louise, Princess 127
LOWELL 16, 24 128
Lowell Pippin 128
LOWLAND RASPBERRY 129
LUBSK QUEEN 129
Lubsk Reinette 130
Lucius Apfel 21
Lyman's Large Yellow 171
Lyman's Pumpkin Sweet 171
LYSCOM 130
MABIE 24 131
McAdow's June 112
MCAFEE 196
McAfee Red 196
McAfee's Nonesuch 196
McAfee's Nonsuch 196
McAfee's Red 196
McAffee 197
McAffee's Nonesuch ' 197
MCCARTY 132, 173
McClcllan 135
McLouds Family I27
MACDONOUGH U2
MclNTOSH 17, 18, 20, 25 69,132
Mclntosh Red 133
Mackie's Clyde Beauty 36
Mack inlay 197
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 325
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
McKlNLEY IQ7
McKlNNEY IQS
McLELLAN 134
McLelan 135
McLouds Family 127
McMahan i 136
McMahan White 136
McMAHON 136
McMahon White 136
Macomber 187
Magdalene 142
MAGENTA 198
Magnum Bonum 23
MAGOG 138
Magog Red Streak 138
MAIDEN BLUSH 17, 18 139
MAIDEN FAVORITE 141
Maiden's Apple 141
Maiden's Blush (synonym of Hawthornden) 96
MAKEFIELD 312
MALA CARLE 199
Malcarle 199
Mai Carle 199
Male Carle 199
MALINDA 199
Malin owskoe 177
Mamma Beam 67
Mamma Bean 67
Mammoth (synonym of Gloria Mundi) 77
Mammoth (synonym of Golden Pippin) 78
Mammoth Black Tivig (synonym of Arkansas) 47
Mammoth Black Twig (synonym of Arkansas Black).... 50
Mammoth Black Tung (synonym of Paragon) 247
Mammoth Pippin 77
Mammoth Rambo 89
MANCHESTER 200
Manks Codling 379
MANN 201
Maralandica : 51
MARENGO (Crab) 259
Marengo No. i 259
Marengo Winter Crab 259
MARGARET 141
Margaret Early 142
Margaret Early Red 142
Margaretha Apfel 142
Mar get Apple 142
326 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Marguerite I42
Marietta Russet 293
Marietta Seek-No-Further 364
MARIGOLD 202
Marigold (synonym of Orange Pippin) 154
Mangold Creed's 154
Marigold Pippin (synonym of Marigold) 202
Marigold Pippin (synonym of Orange Pippin) 154
Marie Carle 199
Maroquin 264
Marrozv-bone 225
MARTHA ( Crab) 3 259
Martin 135
Marygold (synonym of Marigold) 202
Marygold (synonym of Orange Pippin) 154
MASON ORANGE 204
Mason's Improved 204
Mason's Orange 204
Massachusetts Golden Russett 164
MASTEN 204
Masten's Seedling 204
Matchless 225
Matthews Stripe 131
Maudlin 142
May 153
May Apple 153
May Seek-No-Farther 153
May Seek-No-Further 153
Meachem Sweet 146
Mela Carla 199
Mela de Carlo 199
Mela di Carlo 199
Mela Januera 94
Melinda 199
MELON 15, 24, 204
Melon (synonym of Gloria Mundi) 77
Melon Apple 204
Melon de Norton 204
Melon, Norton 204
Melting Pippin 244
Menage 206
MENAGERE 206
Menagerie 206
Mere de Menage 206
Merit 88
MERRILL 207
Merrill's 207
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 327
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Merrill's Apple 207
Metzgerapfel 381
Merger's Calvill 381
Michel Miller 158
Michigan Beauty 201
MIDDLE ; 207
MILAM 1 208
MILDEN 209
Milding 209
Millcreek (synonym of Smokehouse) 312
Millcreek (synonym of Vandevere Pippin) 231
Millcreek Vandevere 312
Millcreek Vandervere 23 1
MILLER ' 142
Miller (synonym of Hiester) 158
Miller Seedling 142
MlLLIGEN 142
MILWAUKEE 25, 211
MINISTER 212
Minister Apple 212
MlNKLER l8, 213
MINNESOTA (Crab) 260
MISSING LINK 214
Mississippi 77
Missouri 215
Missouri Janet 271
Missouri Keeper 215
Missouri Orange 215
MISSOURI Pippin 18, 215
Missouri Pippin (synonym of Nickajack) 227
Missouri Red 227
Missouri Superior 197
Mr. Gladstone 75
Mittle 207
Mobbs 227
MONMOUTH 2l6
Monmouth Pippin 217
MONROE SWEET 24
Montgomery Sweet 10
Monstreuse Pippin 77
Monstrous Pippin 77
Monstrous Rambo 89
Montreal (synonym of Montreal Beauty) 260
Montreal (synonym of St. Lawrence) 193
MONTREAL BEAUTY (Crab) 261
Montreal Peach 159
MOON 218
Moore's Late Sweet 219
328 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Moore's Shanty 219
Moore's Sweet 219
Moore's Sweeting 219
MOORE SWEET 219
Moor's Sweeting 219
Moose ' 145
Morgan's Favorite , 227
Morris Red 324
MOSHER 143
Mosher Sweet 143
MOTHER 15, 24 143
Mother Apple 143
Mother of America 143
Mountaineer 145
Mountain Flora 77
Mountain Pippin (synonym of Fallawater) : . . 125
Mountain Pippin (synonym of Newtown Pippin) 146
MOUNTAIN SWEET 145
MOUSE 145
MOVER . 220
Moyer Prize 220
Mudhole 125
Mumper Vandevere 213
MUNSON 146
Munson Sweet 146
Munson Sweeting 146
Musgrove 89
Musgrove's Cooper (synonym of Grosh) 89
Musgrove 's Cooper (synonym of Western Beauty) 239
Mushroom 24
Musk Spice 64
Mygatt's Bergamot 49
Myer's Nonpareil 148
Naliwi Jabloky 239
Naylor Rambo 89
Neige 65
Neige-Framboise de Gielen 65
Neisley's Winter 255
Neisley's Winter Penick • 255
NELSON 221
Nelson Sweet 221
Ne Plus Ultra 88
NERO 222
Neustadt's gelber Pepping 146
Never Fail 271
Neverfail 271
NEWARK PIPPIN 223
Newark Sweeting 91
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 329
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Neiv Brunswick 151
Newby 107
New England Golden Russet 164
New England Russet 164
New England Seeknofurther „ 364
New Greening 331
N. J. Red Streak 53
NEWMAN 24, 224
Newman Seedling 224
New Missouri 197
New Rhode Island Greening 331
Newton's Pippin 146
Nezvton Spitzemberg 225
Newton Spitzenburgh 225
Newton Yellow Pippin 146
Newtown Greening 83
NEWTOWN PIPPIN 1 1, 15, 16, 19, 146
Newtown Spitzemberg 225
Newtown Spitzenbergh 225
NEWTOWN SPITZENBURG 15, 17, 225
Newtown Spitzenburgh 225
NEW WATER 226
New York Bellftower 60
Neiv York Gloria Mundi 77
Neiv York Greening 146
New York Greening (synonym of Golding) 83
New York Pippin (synonym of Ben Davis) 69
New York Pippin (synonym of Newtown Pippin) 146
Niack Pippin (synonym of Sweet Bough) 217
NlCKAJACK l8, 227
Nickejack 227
Nodhead 170
Nonesuch (synonym of Red Canada) 276
Nonesuch (synonym of Hubbardston) 161
Nonpareil 148
Nonpar eille 184
Nonpareille de Hubbardston 161
Nonsuch (synonym of Hubbardston) 161
Nonsuch (synonym of McAfee) 197
Nonsuch (synonym of Red Canada) 276
Normanton Wonder 1 12
North American Best 168
Northampton 21
North Carolina .'" 227
Northern Golden Sweet 147
Northern Golden Sweeting 147
NORTHERN SPY 12, 15, 17, 18, 21, 24, 37, 229
NORTHERN SPY GROUP 24
33° COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II. PAGE. PAGE.
NORTHERN SWEET 147
Northern Sweeting (synonym of Munson) 146
Northern Sweeting (synonym of Northern Sweet) 147
North Star 48
NORTHWESTERN Greening 24, 233
North West Greening 233
Northwick Pippin 21
Norton's Melon 204
Norton Watermelon 204
No. 3 M 121
No. 4 M 155
No. 6 M 83
No. 9 M 24
No. ii M 189
No. 14 M 5
No. 18 M 5
No. 21 M 115
No. 22 M 22
No. 23 M 7
No. 24 M 195
No. 26 M 6
No. 54 M 87
No. 56 M 123
No. 57 M 123
No. 80 M , 195
No. 94 M. 114
No. 105 M 32
No. 134 M 224
No. 139 M 183
No. 140 M 45
No. 147 M 222
No. 152 M 27
No. 161 M 18
No. 161 123
No. 205 115
No. 206 45
No. 210 244
No. 224 6
No. 230 224
No. 236 6
No. 245 24
No. 252 7
No. 262 32
No. 288 177
No. 333 182
No. 340 129
No. 343 182
No. 351 170
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 331
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
No. 372 195
No. 410 282
No. 418 282
No. 442 247
No. 444 130
No. 453 14
No. 457 39
No. 467 61
No. 469 83
No. 472 155
No. 477 18
No. 540 114
No. 587 5X
No. 599 189
No. 964 10
No. 978 82
No. 979 82
No. 981 82
No. 12 Orel 7
No. 21 Veronesh 247
No. 51 Vor 79
No. 84 Vor 83
Nyack 30
Nyack Pippin 30
OAKLAND 234
Oakland County Seek-No-Further 234
Oats 51
OBLONG (Crab) 261
Oblong-Fruited Siberian Crab 261
Oblong Siberian Crab 261
OCCIDENT 24, 235
Oel - 236
OEL AUSTIN 24, 236
OGDENSBURG 147
Ohio Beauty (synonym of Western Beauty) 239
Ohio Beauty (synonym of Grosh) 89
Ohio Favorite 244
OHIO NONPAREIL 148
Ohio Nonpareil (synonym of Gravenstein) 85
Ohio Nonpariel 148
OHIO PIPPIN 149
Ohio Wine (synonym of Fall Wine) 64
Ohio Wine (synonym of Kaighn) 113
OKABENA 150
Okobena 150
OLDENBURG 17, 18, 25, 26 150
Oldenburg, Duchess of 151
OLDENBURG GROUP 25
332 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Oldenburgh 151
Old English Pearmain 378
Old Golden Pippin 141
Old Haivthorndean 96
Old Nonsuch 276
Old Pearmain 378
OLIVE 237
OLIVER 238
Oliver's Red 238
OLYMPIA 24, 60, 239
Olympia Baldwin 239
Omensk 189
ONTARIO 21, 24, 240
OPALESCENT 242
Oporto 7
ORANGE 153
ORANGE (Crab) 261
Orange (synonym of Fall Orange) 60
Orange (synonym of Lowell) 128
Orange (synonym of Orange Pippin) 154
Orange Blenheim 21
Orange de Cox 42
ORANGE OF NEW JERSEY 153
ORANGE OF PENNSYLVANIA 153
ORANGE PIPPIN 154
Orange Pippin (synonym of Marigold) 202
Orange Pippin (synonym of Blenheim) 21
Orange Russet 154
ORANGE SWEET 154
Orange Sweet (synonym of Mttnson) 146
Orange Sweet (synonym of Golden Sweet) 81
Orange Sweeting (synonym of Golden Sweet) 81
Orange Sweeting (synonym of Orange Sweet) 154
Orleans 161
Orloff 233
Orlovskoe 233
Orlowskoe 233
ORNAMENT 243
Ornament de Table 243
Ornement de Table 243
Orsimui 97
ORTLEY 244
Ortley Apple 244
Ortley Pippin 244
Osgood's Favourite 131
Osimoe 97
Oskaloosa 106
OSTRAKOFF 155
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 333
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Ostrakoff Glass 155
Ostrekoff 155
Ostrekoff's Glass . . 155
Ostrekovskaya Steklianka 155
Ostrekoivskaja Steklianka 155
Ostrokoff 155
Ostrokoff's Glass 155
Ox Apple 77
Ox-Eye (synonym of Buckingham) 88
Ox Eye (synonym of Newtown Spitzenburg) 225
Oxeye (synonym of Vandevere) 230
Oxheart (synonym of Cheeseboro) 33
Oxheart (synonym of Twenty Ounce Pippin) 349
Owen's Golden Beauty 240
Ozark 135
Ozark Pippin 45
PALOUSE 156
PALMER 246
Palmer Greening 361
Palmer of N. Z 246
Paper 30
Paper-skin 30
Paradies Apfel 85
Paradise Winter 380
Paradise Winter Szveet 380
PARAGON 24, 246
Paragon (synonym of Arkansas) 47
Pariser Rambour Reinette 94
Park (synonym of McAfee) 197
Park (synonym of Park Spice) 248
Park (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) 125
Par k Apple 248
Parks Keeper 197
PARK SPICE 248
PARLIN 248
Parlin's fieauty 248
Parmain d'Angleterre 378
Parmain d'Hiver 378
Parmain-Pepping 378
PARRY WHITE 157
PARSON 249
Parson's Sweet 249
Paternoster Apple , 1 14
Patersons Sweet 54
PATTEN 158
Patten's Duchess No. 3 158
Patten Greening 158
Patterson's Sweet 54
334 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
PAUL IMPERIAL (Crab) 262
PAWPAW 250
Pawpaw Seedling 250
PAYNE 250
Payne Late Keeper 250
Payne's Keeper 250
Pay ton , 135
PEACH 251
PEACH (Montreal) 159
Peach Apple of Montreal 159
Peach of Kentucky 251
Peach of Montreal. . . . 159
PEACH POND 160
Peach Pond Sweet 160
Peach Pound Sweet 160
Pear Apple 174
Pear Lot 244
PEARMAIN 252
Pearmain (synonym of Winter Pearmain) 378
Pear main (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) 125
Pearmain d'Hiver 378
Pearmain Herefordshire 378
PEARSALL , 161
Pear sail's Sweet 161
Pear-Tree Lot 244
PEASE 161
Pease, ' Walter 161
PEASGOOD NONSUCH 162
Peasgood's Nonesuch 162
Peau 264
Peck 253
Pecker 56
PECK Pleasant 12, 24, 32, 253
Peck's Pleasant 253
Peewaukee 258
Pelican 255
Penick 255
Pennick 255
PENNOCK 17, 255
Pennock's Red Winter 255
Pennsylvania Cider 311
Pennsylvania Red-Streak 373
Pennsylvania Vandevere 231
Pipin de Kent 15
Pepin de New- York 69
Pepin d'Or 141
Pepin Parmain d'Angleterre 378
Pepin Parmain d'Hiver 378
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 335
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Pepin Ribston 184
Pepping Englischer 57
Peremenes 379
Perle d'Angleterre 21
Pcrmaine 379
Permein 379
PERRY REDSTREAK 162
Perry Red Streak 162
PERRY RUSSET 256
PETER 25 163
Petersburgh Pippin 146
Peterson's Charlamoff 32
Petit Api 181
Petit Api Rose 181
Petit Api Rouge 181
Petit Apis 181
Petite Reinette Grise 96
Petrovskoe 195
Petrowskoe 195
PEWAUKEE 25, 258
Pfeifer 262
Pfeiffer 262
Pfund 206
Philadelphia Pippin (syonym of Fall Pippin) 62
Philadelphia Pippin (synonym of White Spanish Reinette) 241
Philadelphia Sweet 10
Philip Rick 172
Phoenix (synonym of Pennock) 255
Phoenix (synonym of Rome) 290
Phoenix 3
Phonix 3
Picard 260
Picard's Reserve 260
Pickard 260
PICKARD RESERVE 260
Packard's Reserve 260
Pickaway Rambo 89
PICTA STRTATA ( Crab) 263
Pie Apple (synonym of Holland Pippin) 101
Pie Apple (synonym of Sops of Wine) 203
Pieta 263
Pieta Striata . 263
PIFER 262
Pilliken 153
Pirn's Beauty of the West 125
Pineapple 257
Pineapple Rutset 257
Pine's Beauty of the West 125
336 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
PINE STUMP 263
Piper 262
PIPPIN 263
Pippin (synonym of Newtown Pippin) 146
Pippin, Bullock 89
Pippin Kent 15
Pittstown Pippin 79
Pitser Hill 269
Platarchium 379
Plodowitka Caudkaja 170
Plodowitka Cuadkaja 170
PLUMB CIDER 164
Plum Cider 164
Pointed Pipka 32
Polecat 212
Polhemus 219
Pomme Astrachan 239
Pomme d'Api 181
Pomme d'Api Rouge 181
Pomme d'Apis 181
Pomme d' Astrachan 239
Pomme de Blenheim 21
Pomme de Caen 94
Pomme de Charles 199
Pomme de Cuir 269
Pomme d'Ete of Canada 51
Pomme de Fameuse 65
Pomme de Per 292
Pomme de Hawthornden 96
Pomme de Laak 1 14
Pomme de Neige 65
Pomme de Notre-Dame 213
Pomme d' Orange 154
Pomme de Transylvania 64
Pomme Fameuse 65
Pomme Finale 199
Pomme Graefenstein 85
Pomme Gree 264
Pomme Gris 264
POMME GRISE 264
Pomme Grise d'Or 328
Pomme Groseille 253
Pomme Peche 159
Pomme Rose 181
Pommeroy 184
Pomme Royal 49
Pomme Royale 49
Pomme Roye (synonym of Pennock) 255
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 337
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Pomme Roye (synonym of Dyer) 49
Pomme Water 49
Pommewater in Illinois 49
POMONA 164
Pomona Brittannica , 3
Pomone d'Apis 181
Pompey 233
Poplar Bluff 311
Popular Bluff 311
PORTER , 12, 15 166
Portugal 94
Possaris Nalivia 6
Potter's Large 1 16
Potter's Large Grey Seedling 1 16
Potter's Large Seedling 116
Poughkeepsie Russet (synonym of English Russet) 118
Poughkeepsie Russet (synonym of Perry Russet) 257
Pound (synonym of Fallawater) 125
Pound (synonym of Nickajack) 227
Pound (synonym of Gloria Mundi) 77
Pound Pippin 62
Pound Royal (synonym of Fall Pippin) 62
Pound Royal (synonym of Golden Pippin) 78
Pound Royal (synonym of Lowell) 128
Pound Royal (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) 125
Pound's July 217
POUND SWEET 266 167
Pound Sweet (synonym of Moore Sweet) 219
Pound Sweet (synonym of Pumpkin Sweet) 171
Powers 168
Prager Reinette Franche de Grandville 264
Pratt 266
PRATT SWEET 266
President Napoleon 3
Pride of Genesee 73
Pride of Hudson 62
Pride of Texas 337
Pride of the Hudson 62
PRIESTLY 267
Prifstley 267
Priestley's American 267
PRIMATE 167
Primiting 240
PRINCE ALBERT 268
Prince Albert (Lane} 268
Prince Bismark 19
Princesse Noble 142 .
Prince of Wales 21
338 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Prince's Early Harvest 51
Prince's Harvest 51
Prince's Large Pippin of New York 62
Prince's Large Red and Green Sweeting 177
Prince's Red and Green Sweet 177
Prince's Yellow Harvest 51
Princess Louise 127
Prinzessin-Apfel 85
Prior's Late Red 269
Prior's Red 269
PROLIFIC BEAUTY t 16
Prolific Beauty (synonym of Pennock) 255
Prolific Beauty (synonym of Blue Pearmain) 80
Prolific Sweet 170
PROLIFIC SWEETING 169
Prussian 38
PRYOR 269
Pryor Red 269
Pryor's Pearmain 269
Pryor' s Red 269
PUMPKIN RUSSET 170
PUMPKIN SWEET 16, 17, 18 171
Pumpkin Sweet (synonym of Cheeseboro) 33
Pumpkin Sweet (synonym of Pumpkin Russet) 170
Pumpkin Sweeting (synonym of Pumpkin Sweet) 172
Pumpkin 'Sweeting (synonym of Pumpkin Russet) 170
Putman's Russet 293
Putnam Russet 293
Putnam's Savewell 299
Pyrus Astracanica 239
QUAKER ( Crab) ^ . 263
Quaker, (synonym of Streaked Pippin) 321
Queen (synonym of Buckingham) 88
Queen (synonym of Summer Queen) 212
Queen (synonym of Williams) 242
Queen Anne (synonym of Lowell) 128
Queen Anne (synonym of Mother) 143
QUEEN CHOICE ( Crab) 264
Queen of Hayzvood 155
Queens 84
Queen's Choice 263
QUINCE (of Cole) 174
QUINCE (of Coxe) '. 17 174
Quince Apple 174
Rag Apple 146
RALLS 18, 24, 270
RALLS GROUP 24
Rails Genet 271
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 339
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Rails Janet 271
RAMBO 17, 18, 32, 273
Rambouillet 273
Ramboulette 273
Ramboulrette 109
Rambour 213
Rambour Barre 379
Rambour Blanc 213
Rambour d'Amerique 213
Rambour d'Ete i 213
Rambour Franc 213
Rambourg Aigre 213
Rambour Gros 213
Rambour Lorraine 89
Rambour Raye 213
Rambu 213
Ramsdale's Sweeting 175
Ramsdell 175
Ramsdell Red Sweet 175
Ramsdell 's Red 175
Ramsdell 's Red Sweeting 175
RAMSDELL SWEET 175
Ramsdell' s Red Pumpkin Sweet 175
Randall's Red Winter 175
RASPBERRY 176
Raule Jannet 271
Raule's Genet 271
Raule' s Janet 271
Raule's Janette 271
Raule's Jannetting 271
Raule's Jen-netting 271
Raul's Gennetling 271
Rawle's Genet 271
Rawle's Janet 271
Rawle's Jennet 271
Rawle's Jenneting 271
Rawle's Jennette 271
Ray Apple 146
Reagan 135
RED AND GREEN SWEET 177
Red and Green Sweeting 177
Red Astracan 178
RED ASTRACHAN 15, 17, 18, 25, 26 178
Red Astrakhan 178
Red Baldwin Pippin 56
Red Beitigheimer 17
Red Bellfloiver (synonym of Ohio Nonpareil) 148
Red Bellflower (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) 125
34° COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Red Ben Davis 135
Red Bietigheimer 19
Red Bough 177
RED CANADA 15, 24, 37, 275
Red Canada of Ontario 292
Red Cathead 267
Red Cheek (synonym of Monmouth) 217
Red Cheek (synonym of Raspberry) 177
Red Cheek (synonym of Maiden Blush) 139
Red Cheek (synonym of Fall Orange) 60
Red Cheeked Pippin 217
Red Cheek Pippin 217
Red Codlin 132
Red Doctor 107
Red Riser , 1 16
Red Everlasting 153
Red GilliHower (synonym of Black Gilliflower) 77
Red Gilliflower (synonym of Scollop Gilliflower) 197
Red Gilliflower (synonym of Striped Gilliflower) 207
Red Gloria Mundi 88
RED GRAVENSTEIN 180
Red Gravenstein (synonym of Banks) . 14
Red Hawthornden 96
Red Hazel 227
RED HOOK 180
Red Horse 88
Red Joaneting 142
RED JUNE 181
Red Juneating (synonym of Margaret) 142
Red Juneating (synonym of Red June) 181
Red Juneating (synonym of Early Strawberry) 55
Red June, Carolina 181
Red June of South 142
Red Juneting 142
Red Lady Finger 183
Red Limbertwig 193
Redling 101
Red Neverfail 271
Red Ox 255
Red Pearmain (synonym of Kaighn) 113
Red Pearmain (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) 125
Red Pennock 255
Red Phoenix (synonym of Kaighn) 113
Red Phoenix (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) 125
Red Pippin (synonym of Ben Davis) 69
Red Pippin (synonym of Nickajack) 227
Red Pippin (synonym of Streaked Pippin) 321
Red Pippin (synonym of Kaighn) 1 13
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 341
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Red Pippin (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) 125
Red Pound 64
Red Pumpkin Sweet 175
Red Pumpkin Siveeting 175
Red Reinette 83
Red Rock 188
Red Romanite 289
Red Romanite of Ohio 138
RED RUSSET 278
Red Russet (synonym of Pryor) 269
Red Shropsavine 203
RED SIBERIAN (Crab) .- 264
Red Spitzenberg (synonym of Kaighn) 113
Red Spitzenberg (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) 125
Red Spitzenberg (synonym of Richard Graft) 186
Red Spitzenburg 113
REDSTREAK 278
Red Streak 278
Red Siveet Pippin 219
Red Sweet Winesap 333
RED TRANSPARENT 182
Red Transparent (synonym of Vineuse Rouge) 233
RED TYPE OF TWENTY OUNCE 229
RED TYPE OF WESTFIELD Seek-No-Further 366
Red Vandervere 231
Red Vandevere « 312
Red Warrior 227
RED WINE 182
Red Winter 276
RED WINTER PEARMAIN 183
Red Winter Pearmain 279
Red Winter Pearmain (synonym of Westfield Seek-No- Further') 364
Red Winter Pearmain (synonym of Kaighn) 113
Red Winter Pearmain (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) . . 125
RED WINTER PIPPIN 183
Red Winter Sweet 219
REED 183
Reindell's Large 175
REINETTE 279
Reinette a feuille d'Acuba 52
Reinette A Gobelet 241
Reinette Belle de Boskoop 25
Reinette Blanche 241
Reinette Blanche d'Espagne (synonym of White Spanish
Reinette) 241
Reinette Blanche d'Espagne (synonym of Fall Pippin).... 62
Reinette Canada 94
342 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Reinctte Carpcntin 96
Reinette de Blenheim 21
Reinette de Caen 94
Reinctte de Canada 94
Reinette de Canada a'Cotes 94
Reinette de Caux 1 14
Reinette de Darnetal 264
Reinette d'Espagne 241
Reinette d'Holland 161
Reinette de Landsberg 119
Reinette de Netv York 146
Reinette d'Or 114
Reinette de Traver 184
Reinette Doree , 114
Reinette du Canada 94
Reinette du Canada a'Cortes 94
Reinette du Canada Blanche 94
Reinette Grenade Anglaise : 184
Reinette Grise 264
Reinette Grise Brownlees 86
Reinette Grise de Darnetal 264
Reinette Grise Double 265
Reinette Grise de Grandville 265
Reinette Grise d'Hiver 265
Reinette Grise Extra 265
Reinette Grise Franchaise 264
Reinette Grosse de Angleterre 94
Reinette Landsberger 119
Reinette Liubski 130
Reinette Monstrueuse 25
Reinette Monstreuse de Canada 94
Reinette Orange de Cox : 42
Reinette Pepin 280
REINETTE PIPPIN 280
Reinette Quarrendon 142
Reinette Tendre 241
Reinette toute Grise 265
Reinette von Canada .*. . . 94
Reinette von Montfort 25
Reipka Melenkaya 282
Renet Liubskui 130
REPKA 183
REPKA MALENKA 281
Rcmboure d'Ete 213
ReschestwenskOe 19
Revelstone 248
Revelstone Pippin 233
Rhode Island . 282
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 343
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
RHODE ISLAND Greening 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 282
RHODE ISLAND Greening Group 24
Rhode Island Russet 257
Rhode Island Seek-No-Further 130
Rhode Island Sweet 172
Riabinouka 39
Ribbed Gilliflozver 197
Ribbed Pippin 83
RIBSTON 17 184
Ribstone 184
Ribstone Pippin 184
Ribston Pepping 184
Ribston Pippin 184
Richard 186
RICHARD GRAFT 186'
Richardson's Red 66
Richfield Nonsuch 276
Rickman's Red 227
RIDGE 287
Ridge (synonym of Ribston) 184
Ridge Pippin 287
Riepka / 183
Ripp Apfel 85
Roa Yon 184
Robinson 316
Rock :.. 289
Rock Apple , 188
Rockhill's Russet 184
ROCK PIPPIN 288
Rock Remain 271
Rock Rimmon 271
Rode Wyn Appel 203
ROLFE 187
Rolland , 67
Roman Beauty 290
ROMANITE 289
Romanite (synonym of Gilpin) 138
Romanite (synonym of Greyhouse) 153
Romanite (synonym of Pennock) "255
Romanite (synonym of Rambo) 273
Romanite of the South 289
Romanite of the West 138
Romanite, South 289
Roman Knight 255
ROMAN STEM 17, 18 188
ROME 32, 290
Rome Beauty 290
Romenskoe 189
344 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
ROMNA 189
Romna (synonym of Hibernal) 97
Romnenskoe 189
RONK 190
Roschdestvenskoe 19
Rose tide stwenskoe 19
ROSEAU 292
ROSE-COLORED LADY APPLE 182
ROSE RED 190
Rose Sweet 333
Roshdestrenskoe 19
Rosseau 292
Ross Greening 352
Rother Astrakhan 178
Rother Riser 1 16
Rother Riser Apfel 116
Rother Gravensteiner 180
Rother Jacobs 142
Rother Jacobs Apfel 142
Rother Weinapfel 182
Rotherwein Appel 182
Rouge de Pryor 269
Rouge Rayee (synonym of Eiser) 116
Rouge Rayee (synonym of Redstreak) 278
Rough and Ready 168
Round Catshead 29
Round Sweet 172
Round Top 56
Rox 294
ROXBURY 15, 16, 17, 18, 23, 293
Ro.vbury Russet 293
Roxbury Russeting 293
Rox Russet 294
Royal Janette 271
Royal Red of Kentucky 375
Rubets Vinogradnui 244
Rubes Vuinogradnui 244
Rubicon 250
Ruckman ' 227
Ruckman's Red 227
Russam (synonym of Kaighn) H3
Russam (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) 125
Russet 294
RUSSET BALDWIN 59
Russet, Boston or Roxbury 294
Russet, Golden 143
Russet Pearmain ' • • • 164
Russet Seek-No-Further 364
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 345
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
RUSSIAN BALDWIN 295
Russian Emperor 3
Russian Gravenstein 6
Rusty Core 148
RUTLEDGE 296
Sabine 85
Safstaholm 191
SAFSTAHOLMS 191
Sdfstaholmsdple 191
SAILEE RUSSET 192
Saille Sweet 177
SAILLY AUTUMN 192
Saint-Germaine 241
St. Helena Russet 94
St. Hilaire 98
St. John's Strawberry 55
ST. LAWRENCE 17, 18 192
Saint-Lawrence 193
Saint Laurent 193
ST. PETER 194
SALISBURY 297
Salisbury Pippin 297
Salisbury Winter 297
SALOME 24, 297
SANDY GLASS 195
Sanguineus 65
Sapson 203
Sapsonvine 203
Sassafras Sweet 94
SAVEWELL 299
SAXTON 196
Scalloped Gilliflower 197
Scalloped Gillyflower 197
SCARLET BEAUTY 24
SCARLET CRANBERRY 299
Scarlet Pearmain (synonym of Kaighn) 113
Scarlet Pearmain (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) 125
SCARLET PIPPIN 25 196
Schafnase 29
Scharlottenthaler Golba 222
SCHODACK 30O
Schoner von Boskoop 25
Schoolmocker 301
Schoone van Boskoop 25
SCHOONMAKER 3°I
SCHUYLER SWEET 19?
Schwere Apfel 326
SCOLLOP GILLIFLOWER 197
346 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Scollop Gilliflower (synonym of Striped Gilliflower) 207
Scolloped Gilliflower 197
SCOTT 301
Scott (synonym of Baker) 55
Scott (synonym of Primate) 168
SCOTT BEST ; 198
Scott's Red Winter 302
Scott's Winter 302
SCRIBNER 303
Scribner's Spitzenberg 303
Scribner's Spitzenburgh 303
Scudamore's Crab 278
Scudamous Crab 278
Seek-No-Farther 273
Seeknofurther 364
Seek-No-Further (synonym of Rambo) 273
Seek-No-Further 303
Seek-No-Further of Del., N. J., and Penn 273
Seek-No-Further (synonym of Cooper) 40
Seek-No-Further (synonym of Green Seek-No-Further) . 86
Seever's Red Streak 230
Senator 238
SENECA FAVORITE 198
Seneca Favorite (synonym of Quince [of Coxe] ) 174
Seneca Spice 174
SEPTEMBER ( Crab) 264
SHACKLEFORD 304
Shackleford's Best 304
Shaker's Yellozv 53
SHANNON (I) 305
SHANNON (II) 306
Shannon (synonym of Ohio Pippin) 149
Shannon Pippin 305
SHARP 199
Sharpe's Early 212
Sharpe's Spice 64
SHEDDAN 306
Sheepnose (synonym of Bullock) 89
Sheepnose (synonym of Lady Finger) 183
Sheepnose 307
Sheepnose (synonym of Egg Top) 56
Sheepnose (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) 125
Sheep Shire 131
Sheep's Nose 89
Sheep's Snout 89
SHERRIFF 308
SHERMAN 200
Sherman's Favorite . 200
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 347
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Sherman's Sweet 200
Sherwood's Favorite 33
Shiawasse Beauty 201
SHIAWASSEE 25 69, 201
Shiawassee Beauty 201
Shiawassie Beauty 201
Ship pens Russet 294
SHIRLEY 308
Shoreditch White 96
Shropshirevine 203
Siberian August 112
Siberian Crab 17
Siberian Crab (synonym of Red Siberian) 264
Siberian Crab (synonym of Yellow Siberian) 269
SlNE-QUA-NON 202
SKANK 309
Sklanka 81
Sklanka Bogdanoff 81
Skunk 321
Skvosnoi Krasnoi 182
Skwosnoi Krasnoi 182
Skwosnoi Schotoi 248
Sleeper's Yellow S3
SLEIGHT 310
Sleight's Lady Apple 310
Slight's Lady Apple 310
SLINGERLAND 202
Slingerland's Fall Pippin 202
Slingerland's Pippin 202
Small Admirable I
Small's Admirable I
SMITH CIDER 18, 310
Smithfield Spice 49
Smith's 311
Smith's Cider 311
SMOKEHOUSE , 15, 312
Smoke House 312
Smokehouse (synonym of Vandevere Pippin) 231
Smyrna 33
Snorter 197
Snow 65
Sol Carter 88
Splotoc Renet * 79
SOMERSET ( N. Y. ) 203
Sondergleichen von Hubbardston 161
Sops in Wine 203
SOPS OF WINE 203
SOULARD (Crab) 265
348 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Sourbough (synonym of Champlain) 30
SOUR BOUGH 204
Sour Bough (synonym of Champlain) 30
Sour Bough (synonym of Tart Bough) 220
Sour Harvest 168
Southern Romanite 289
Speckled 63
SPECTATOR 204
Spiced Oxeye 231
Spiced Ox Eye 225
SPICE SWEET 12
Spitzenberg 121
Spitzenberg Newtown 225
Spitsenburg 314
Spitzenburgh (synonym of Esopus Spitzenburg) 121
Spitzenburgh (synonym of Newtown Spitzenburg) 225
Spitzenburgh Nezvtown 225
SPRING PIPPIN 314
Springport 314
Springport Pippin 314
Spy 229, 315
Staalclubs (synonym of Newtown Spitzenburg) 225
Staalclubs (synonym of Vandevere Pippin) 231
Staalcubs 230
Stalcubs 230
STANARD 315
Steward's Seedling 315
Stannard 315
Stannard's Seedling 315
STARK 316
STARKEY 205
Starke Apple 316
STAR LADY APPLE 182
STARR 206
Stayman 318
Stayman's Winesap 318
STAYMAN WINESAP 318
Steele's Red 324
Steele's Red Winter (synonym of Baldwin) 56
Steele's Red Winter (synonym of Red Canada) 276
Steele's Red Winter (synonym of Sutton) 324
Steel's Red -. 276
Stehly 158
Steklianka Bogdanoff 81
Steklianka pesotchnaya IQ5
STERLING 319
Sterling Beauty 45> 3r9
Stettin Pippin 114
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 349
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Stevenson Pippin 197
Stewart's Nonpareil '. 112
Stillman 207
STILLMAN EARLY 207
Stillman' s Early 207
Stine 197
Stoke Tulip 3
STONE 24, 320
Stone (synonym of American Pippin) 45
Stor Casseler Reinet 1 14
Star Kasselrenett 114
Storr's Wine 197
STOWE 321
Stowe's Winter 321
Straat 208
Strawberry (synonym of Sops of \Vine) 203
Strawberry (synonym of Chenango) 33
Strawberry (synonym of Late Strawberry) 120
Strawberry (synonym of Richard Graft) 186
Strawberry 207
STREAKED PIPPIN 321
Striped Ashmore 231
Striped Bellflower 207
STRIPED FAMEUSE 68
STRIPED GILLIFLOWER 16 207
Striped Harvest 93
Striped Juneating 142
Striped Pear main (synonym of McAfee) 197
Striped Pearmain (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) 125
Striped Quarrendon 142
Striped Rambo 273
Striped Red June 182
Striped Rhode Island Greening (synonym of Domine) . . . 109
Striped Rhode Island Greening (synonym of Wells) 363
Striped Shropshire 55
STRIPED SWEETING 16
Striped Sweet Pippin 197
Striped Vandervere 231
Striped Winter Pearmain 197
STROAT 208
Strode 208
STRODE BIRMINGHAM 208
Strodc's 208
Strode' s Birmingham 208
Strohmer 85
Stromling 85
Stuart 323
STUART GOLDEN 323
350 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Stuart's Golden 323
STUMP 209
Stump (synonym of Stuart Golden) 323
Stymer's 210
STYMUS 210
SUFFOLK BEAUTY 210
Sugar Barbel 61
Suislepper 219
Summer Belllefleur 21 1
SUMMER BELLFLOWER 211
Summer Bellflozver (synonym of Autumn Bough) 10
Summer Hagloe 92
Summerour 227
SUMMER PEARMAIN 15 211
SUMMER PIPPIN 1 1
Summer Pippin (synonym of Champlain) 30
Summer Pippin (synonym of Fall Pippin) 62
Summer Pippin (synonym of Holland Pippin) 101
SUMMER QUEEN 16 212
SUMMER RAMBO 213
Summer Rambo (synonym of Grosh) 89
Summer Rambour 213
SUMMER REDSTREAK 214
SUMMER ROSE 15 215
Summer Russet 218
SUMMER SPITZENBURG 215
Summer Spitzenburgh 215
SUMMER SWEET 216
Summer Sweet (synonym of Hightop Sweet) 98
Summer Sweeting (synonym of Summer Sweet) 216
Summer Sweeting (synonym of Hightop Sweet) 98
Summer Traveller 142
Superior White 1 57
Sussex Scarlet Pearmain 379
Susy Clark 181
SUTTON 32, 324
Suit on Beauty (synonym of Dnmelow) 112
if;S Sutton Beauty (synonym of Sutton) 324
Svinsovka 121
SWAAR 15, 16, 17, 18, 326
Swaar Apple 326
Swaysie Pomme Gris 328
Swaysie 328
Swaysie Pomme Grise 328
SWAZIE 328
Sivazie Pomme Grise 328
Swazie's Pomme Gris 328
Swazy 328
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 351
VOL. I. VOL. II. PAGE. PAGE.
Swazy Pomme Gris 328
Szuedish Borsdorf of Patten 5
SWEET AND SOUR 329
SWEET BOUGH 12, 15, 16 216
SWEET FALL PIPPIN 218
Sweet Golden Pippin 12
SWEET GREENING 151, 331
Sweet Harvest 217
Sweet June 98
SWEET KING 333
Sweet Ly man's Pumpkin 172
Sweet Maiden's Blush 91
Siveet Pear main 333
Siveet Pippin (synonym of Moore Sweet) 219
Sweet Pippin (synonym of Hog Island Sweet) loo
Sweet Rambo 89
Sweet Rhode Island Greening 331
SWEET RUSSET 333
SWEET RUSSET . 218
Szveet Russet (synonym of Pumpkin Russet) 170
Sweet Russet (synonym of Cheeseboro) 33
Sweet's Harvest 212
Szveet Swaar 12
Sweet Wine 64
SWEET WINESAP 333
Szveet Wine Sap 333
SWENKER 335
Swett's Harvest 212
Swines 121
Sivinzovska 121
SWITZER 2l8
Sylvan Russet 294
SYLVESTER 220
Taffitai 239
Tollman's Sweet 343
Tollman Sweet 343
Tollman Sweeting 343
Tallow 128
Tallow Apple 128
Tallow Pippin 128
Talman's Sweet 343
Talman Sweet 343
Talman's Sweeting 343
Talman Sweeting : 343
Tars Thorn 45
Tart Bough (synonym of Early Harvest) 51
Tart Bough (synonym of Champlain) 30
TART BOUGH . 220
352 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Teignmouth 223
Teller 206
Tennessee Early Red 55
Tenon Hills 67
Terry's Redstreak 273
Tete d'Ange 29
Tete de Chat 29
Tetoffsky 220
Tetofski (synonym of July) 112
Tetofski (synonym of Tetofsky) 220
TETOFSKY 25, 26 220
Tetofsky (synonym of July) 112
Tewkesbury Blush 336
Tewkesbury Winter Blush 336
Tewksberry Winter Blush 336
TEWKSBURY 336
Tewksbury Blush 336
Tewksbury Winter Blush 336
Texan Red 375
TEXAS 337
THALER 222
Thomas 208
THOMPSON 222
Thompson No. 24. 222
Thompson's Seedling No. 24 222
Thompson's Seedling No: 29 1 1 1
Thompson's Seedling No. 38 90
Timothy 339
Timothy Titus Sort 339
TlNMOUTH 223
Tinmouth Sweet 223
Titovca 224
TlTOVKA 224
Titowka 224
TITUS 339
Titus (synonym of Titus Pippin) 339
Titus Apple 224
TITUS PIPPIN 338
Titus Riga 224
TOBIAS 340
Tobias Apple 340
TOBIAS BLACK 341
TOBIAS PIPPIN 342
Tolman 343
TOLMAN Sweet '. 16, 17, 18, 343
Tolman 's Siveeting 343
Toma Red 345
Tom Harryman 85
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 353
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Tommy Red 345
Tompkins 49
Tompkins County King 345
TOMPKINS KING 17, 18, 19, 345
Tom Put 225
TOM PUTT 225
Tom's Red , 345
Tom Woodward Pippin 244
Transcendant (Crab) 267
TRANSCENDENT (Crab) 266
Transparente de Astracan 239
Transparente d'Ete 239
Transparent de Muscovie 239
Transparente de Muscovie d'Ete 239
Transparente de Saint-Leger (syn. of Vineuse Rouge) 233
Transparente de Saint-Leger (syn. of Yellow Transparent). 248
Transparente de Zurich 239
Transparente Jaune (synonym of Vineuse Rouge) 233
Transparente Jaune (synonym of Yellow Transparent) .... 248
Transparente Rouge 233
Transparente Verte 233
Transparent Muscovie 239
Trovers' 184
Trovers Apple 184
Trovers Peppin 184
Trovers Pippin 184
Trovers Reinette 184
Treanham 227
Trenham 227
Trenton Early 81
True Spitzenburgh 121
Trumpington 273
Tsarskui Schip 45
TUFTS 24 226
Tufts Baldwin 226
Tufts Seedling 226
Tulpahocken 125
Tulpehocken 125
Turn Off Lane 174
TWENTY OUNCE 17, 18, 193 227
TWENTY OUNCE PIPPIN 349
Twenty Ounce Pippin (synonym of Twenty Ounce) 227
Twitty's Paragon 247
TYRE BEAUTY 229
Ulster Seedling 172
Uncle Sam's Best 64
Underdunk 30
UTTER 229
354 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
U tier's Large Red 230
U tier's Red 230
V 'alandingham 197
Vandervere (synonym of Newtown Spitzenburg) 225
Vandervere (synonym of Smokehouse) 312
Vandervere of New York 225
Vandervere (synonym of Vandevere) 230
Vandervere (synonym of Vandevere Pippin) 231
Vandervere Pippin 231
Vandeveer 230
VANDEVERE 18 230
Vandevere (synonym of Newtown Spitzenburg) 225
Vandevere, English 312
Vandevere of New York 225
VANDEVERE PIPPIN 231
Vandevere Yellozv '. 231
Van Duym's Pippin 62
Van Dyme 244
Van Dyne 244
Van Dyne Apple 77
Van Dyn's Pippin 62
VANHOY 351
Van Hoy 351
Van Hoy No Core 351
Van Kleek's Sweet 100
Van Vleet 161
VAN WYCK (Crab) 267
Van Wyck (synonym of Brier) 251
Van Wyck Siberian 268
Van Wyck Sweet 268
Vargul 6
Varick 105
Vermilion d'Ete 178
Vermont 30
Vermont Pippin 223
Vermont Pumpkin Sweet 172
Vermont Stveet 172
Verte de Vile de Rhodes 283
Verte de Rhode Island 283
Vickers 186
Victoire, La 188
VICTORIA 24 231
Victoria Pippin 69
Victoria Red 69
Victoria Sweet 231
Victoria Sweeting 231
VICTUALS AND DRINK 233
Vilikui Mogul 87
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 355
VOL. I. VOL. II. PAGE. PAGE.
VINEUSE ROUGE 233
Vinnoe Krasnoe Osennee 182
Vinograd 244
VIRGINIA GREENING 352
Virginia June 142
Virginia Pippin (synonym of Newtown Pippin) 146
Virginia Pippin (synonym of Virginia Greening) 352
Virginia Sweet 177
Voronezh No. 21 247
WABASH 353
W abash Bellfiower (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) . . . 125
Wabash Bellfiower (synonym of Wabash) 353
WABASH RED 353
Wabash Red Winter 353
WAGENER 21, 24, 354
Wahr Reineite 94
Walb 227
WALBRIDGE 356
Walker 35«
WALKER BEAUTY 358
Walker's Winter 358
Walker Yellow 358
Wall 227
WALLACE HOWARD 359
Wallbridge 357
Walter Pease 161
Waltz Apple 253
Wahvorth 30
Wander 227
WANDERING SPY 360
Warden's Pie Apple 203
Ward's Pippin 21
Warren Pennock 53
Warren Pippin (synonym of Ortley) 244
Warren Pippin (synonym of Yellow Bellflower) 381
Washington (synonym of Sops of Wrine) 203
Washington (synonym of Washington Strawberry) 234
Washington (synonym of Sweet Bough) 217
Washington County Seedling 234
Washington of Maine .* 234
WASHINGTON ROYAL 361
WASHINGTON STRAWBERRY 234
WATER , 236
Waterloo 178
Watermelon 204
Watkins Early 21 1
Watson's Vandervere 231
Watson's Vandevere 231
356 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Watts Apple 253
WATWOOD 362
Waxen ..... 67
Waxen Apple 67
WEALTHY 17, 19, 25 236
WEALTHY GROUP 25
Weinapfel Rather 182
Weinappel Rother 182
Weiser Hawthornden 96
Weisser Metzgerapfel 381
Well Apple (synonym of Domine) 109
Well Apple (synonym of Titus Pippin) 339
Wellington 112
Wellington's Reinette 112
WELLS 363
Wells (synonym of Domine) 109
Wells (synonym of Ohio Nonpareil) 148
Wells Apple 363
Wcsse Antillische Winterreinette 94
Westbrook 60
Westchesler Seek-No-Further 130
Western Baldwin (synonym of Babbitt) 53
Western Baldwin (synonym of Pawpaw) 250
WESTERN BEAUTY 239
Western Beauty (synonym of Hyde King) 166
Western Beauty (synonym of Grosh) 89
Western Beauty (synonym of Ohio Nonpareil) 148
West field 364
Westfield Seek-No-Farther 364
WESTFIELD Seek-No-Further . . . .- -. . .12, 16, 17, 18, 32, 364
WESTFIELD Seek-No-Further; Red type 366
Wheelers Kernel 96
White 67
White Apple (synonym of Hawthornden) 96
White Apple (synonym of Parry White) 157
White Astracan 239
WHITE ASTRACHAN 25 239
White Bellefleur 244
White BellHower 244
White Borodovka 15
White Crow 197
White Detroit 244
White Graft of Wisconsin 60
White Hawthorndean 96
White Hawthornden 96
White June 1 18
WHITE JUNEATING 240
White Newell . 60
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 357
VOL. I. VOL. II. PAGE. PAGE.
WHITE PEARMAIN 367
WHITE PIPPIN 24, 368
White Pippin (synonym of Canada Reinette) 94
White Pippin (synonym of Ortley) 244
White Robinson 380
WHITE SEEK-NO-FURTHER 15
White Seek-No-Further (synonym of Green Seek-No- Further) 88
WHITE SPANISH REINETTE 241
White Spice 49
White Winter Pearmain 367
White Zurdel 387
WHITNEY (Crab) 268
Whitney No. 20 268
Wilcox's Winter 302
Wild Apple 384
WILLIAMS 242
Williams Early 242
Williams Early Red 242
Williams Favorite 242
Williams Favorite Red 242
Williamson 109
Williams Red 242
WILLIS SWEET 244
Willis Sweeting 244
WILLOW 1 8, 370
Willow Leaf 370
Willow Leaf Pippin 244
Willow Twig 370
WlLLSBORO 372
Wilsons June 181
Windower 231
WINDSOR 372
Windsor Chief 372
WINE IS, 373
Wine (synonym of Jonathan) 172
Wine (synonym of Newtown Spitzenburg) 225
Wine (synonym of Egg Top) 56
Wine (synonym of Fall Wine) 64
Wine (synonym of Richard Graft) 186
Wine (synonym of Twenty Ounce) 227
Wine Apple 373
Wine of Cole 64
WINE RUBETS 244
WINESAP 17, 24, 374
WINESAP GROUP 24
Winesap (synonym of Jonathan) 172
Winesap (synonym of Roseau) 292
358 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Wine Sop 375
Wine Sweet 380
WINTER BANANA 377
Winter Belle Bonne 67
Winter Blush (synonym of Fallawater) 125
Winter Blush (synonym of Rock Pippin of Eastern New
York) 288
Winter Chandler 31
Winter Genneting 271
Winter Golden Sweet 13
WINTER HOG ISLAND SWEET 378
W'inter Horse 227
Winter Jannetting 271
Winter King 345
Winter Nonsuch 276
Winter Peach 251
WINTER PEARMAIN 378
Winter Pearmain (synonym of McAfee) 197
Winter Pearmain (synonym of Milam) 208
Winter Pearmain (synonym of Long Island Pearmain) . . . 124
JVinter Pearmain (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) .... 125
Winter Pippin 197
Winter Pippin of Geneva 136
Winter Queen 88
Winter Queening 88
Winter Rose 227
Winter Russet (synonym of English Russet) 118
Winter Russet (synonym of Perry Russet) 257
WINTER ST. LAWRENCE 379
Winter Seek-No-Further 88
Winter Sweet Paradise 380
Winter Wine 373
WINTHROP GREENING 245
WISMER 380
Wismer's Dessert 380
Wisner's Dessert 380
WOLF RIVER .20, 25 245
Wolf River (synonym of Alexander) 3
Wolman's Harvest 215
Wonder 227
Woodman's Song 244
Woodpecker 56
Woodstock (synonym of Blenheim) 21
Woodstock (synonym of Dyer) 49
Woodstock Pippin 21
Woodzvard's Pippin 244
Woolman's Early 215
Woolman's Harvest 215
COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 359
VOL. I. VOL. II.
PAGE. PAGE.
Woolmaris Long ; <• ; . . .• 244
Woolman's Long Pippin 244
Woolman's Striped Harvest 215
Woolnary Long 244
Woolverton * . . 127
WORKAROE 246
World's Wonder 227
Wunderapfel 3
Wyandotte 196
Yankee Apple 172
Yeats 316
Yellow Bellcneur . 381
Yellow Belleflower 381
YELLOW BELLFLOWER 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 23, 381
YELLOW BELLFLOWER GROUP 383
Yellow Bough' 217
YELLOW CALVILLE 247
Yellow Flat 118
YELLOW FOREST 384
Yellow German Reinette 142
YELLOW HARVEST 12
Yellow Harvest (synonym of Early Harvest) 51
Yellow Janett 271
Yellow June (synonym of White Juneating) 240
Yellow June (synonym of Kirkbridge) '. 118
Yellow Juneating 51
Yellow May 240
Yellow Newton's Pippin 146
YELLOW NEWTOWN 17, 1 8, 24, 145, 150, 385
Yellow Newtown (synonym of Canada Reinette) 94
Yellow Newtown Pippin 146
Yellow Pippin (synonym of Newark Pippin) 223
Yellow Pippin (synonym of Ortley) 244
YELLOW SIBERIAN (Crab) 269
Yellow Summer Pearmain 166
Yellow Sweeting 81
YELLOW TRANSPARENT 17, 25 247
Yellow Transparent (synonym of Thaler) 222
Yellow Vandervere 231
YOPP 18 249
Yopp's Favorite (Synonym of Yopp) 249
Yopp's Favorite (synonym of Yellow Newtown) 146
YORK 249
York and Lancaster 193
YORK IMPERIAL 18, 19, 32, 385
YORK PIPPIN 24
York Pippin (synonym of Fall Pippin) 62
York Pippin (synonym of Golden Pippin I) 78
360 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES.
VOL. I. VOL. II.
York Pippin (synonym of White Spanish Reinette) 241
York Russet (synonym of Cheeseboro) 33
York Russet (synonym of Pumpkin Russet) 170
York Russeting 33
Zarskischip 45
Zarski Schip 45
Zarski Zars 45
Zeeke 197
Zolotoi Renet 79
Zour Bough 168
ZURDEI 387
Zusoff of Tuttle 5