edges a & at % » FRANKLIN BARRETT 4815 D Street. Olney, Philadelphia, Pa. Largest Greenhouses in the World Devoted to the Breeding of Fancy, Chinese and Japanese Goldfish and Propagation of Aquarium Plants WHOLESALE AND RETAIL FISHES PLANTS COMMON CABOMBA SCALED MYRIOPHYLLUM SCALELESS ANACHARIS : SAGITTARIA Aone : LUDWIGIA pee VALLISNERIA FRINGETAIL Tontioun TELESCOPES POTAMOGETON CELESTIALS SNOW FLAKE LION’S HEADS WATER POPPY SHUBUNKINS WATER HYACINTH PARADISE SALVINIA WATER FERN GOLDEN-ORFES ES arate GOLDEN-TENCH GAMBUSIA-AFFINIS STICKLE-BACKS SNAILS COMMON RAM’S HORN POTOMAC AFRICAN TAPANESE Drawinc BY H, T. WOLF WATER LETTUCE UMBRELLA PALMS CYPERUS PAPYRUS CYPERUS ALTERNIFOLIUS GRACILIS LAXUS-FOLVA VARIEGATED BOSTON FERNS PTERIS FERNS WATER LILIES Submerged and Semi-Submerged Plants FOR PONDS ON ESTATES Manufacturer of the Celebrated ‘‘SUPERIOR”’ AQUARIUMS Rustless corner pieces. Marbleized slate bottoms. Made in galvanized sheet iron, wrought iron and brass nickel pated. Manufacturer of the Celebrated ‘““AMERJAP’”’ FISH FOOD Made from the purest of materials. For fish only. Keeps your fish in good condition, keeps your aquarium pure and sweet and does not injure the plants in the aquarium. Once tried, always used, Eaten by the fish with avidity. We carry the finest line of aquarium ornaments in the country. No rough, sharp edges to injure and maim the fish, but every ornament glazed with a smooth and beautiful finish, and in harmonious colors, creating an artistic effect in the aquarium. Globes, Nets, Pebbles, Sand, Foods, Etc. Send for Price Lists Everything Pertaining to the Aquarium and Pond ES EB Ee TE EL EE I aE A Se Se SE ES Et PE EE a DE Es ES ES THE AQUA VOLUME II JANUARY, 1914 RIUM NUMBER 8 History of Goldfish By R. W. SHUFELDT, M. D., Washington, D. C. It would seem to be a matter beyond question, at the present time, that the common or simple form of goldfish had its original habitat in certain parts of China. Our earliest records appear to establish the fact that some of these, probably about the year 1500, were im- ported into Japan and received at a small town not far from Osaka. This importation was followed by numerous others, not only from China, but from Korea as well. In both of these coun- tries goldfish had long been under culti- vation, the history of which dates back to and beyond recorded history. Fancy goldfish were even cultivated in Japan many years prior to 1700, and some of those very early establishments are still in existence, continuing the work commenced by the ancestors of the present proprietors or others associated with the enterprise since. The goldfish farms of Japan stand among her most important industries, and several very extensive ones have grown up in the United States, for the culture and sale of these fish is a very profitable business. Although not belonging in the same genus, the common goldfish is related to the carp of Europe, the scientific name for the first being Carassius auratus and the second Cyprinus carpio. The carp, with the varieties artifici- ally bred from it, are all very interesting fishes with a history, but space will not admit of referring to them here. In Figure 1, however, I have given a good illustration of the Common Carp of Europe in order to show its resemblance to the wild goldfish, a figure of which is given below it. Many have gained the idea that the goldfish is a sort of modi- fied carp, or in other words that it may be traced back to the common carp from which it was bred at an early date in China. There is no truth in this tra- dition and nothing in history to sub- stantiate it. The Japanese goldfish, par- ticularly the variety known as the Wakin, will, in a few generations, revert to the form of the wild fish if it happens to escape into open waters. ‘This has already occurred at Washington, D. C., where, several years ago, the goldfish got out of the Government carp-ponds during a flood and escaped into the Po- tomac River. They flourished in their new environment, and are now taken in numbers by the local fishermen, who, unfamiliar with their origin, sell them in the city markets as ‘‘sand perch.’ They have lost all their gold color, though they are far from being a ‘‘perch.”’ Common Carp of Europe (Cyprinus carpio), By the author from an old English woodcut Exe, 1: Fic. 1B. The Wild Goldfish (Carassius auratus). By the author after Goode. (Drawn by H. L. Todd ) There is no question but what gold- fish have a strong tendency towards al- binism; and perhaps many of the forms, from which the cultivated varieties have been bred, were either entirely lacking in dermal pigment—completely albi- nistic—or else largely lacking in it. When the latter condition has prevailed the fish has a whitish appearance in- stead of being dark; sometimes it is yellowish or reddish. Concentration of these colors with some of the darker tints has resulted in blotched individu- als, or even spotted ones with some of the color areas of purer tints. It has been with such fish that the skillful Japanese and a few others have carried on their breeding experiments, and through intelligent selection have produced some of the most remarkable looking fishes in the world to-day. This has required four or five centuries to accomplish in some cases, while at the present time a few new varieties have been produced with somewhat greater dispatch. Where morphological ab- normalities are present they are to be explained in much the same way. While breeding for color varieties it is likely that some changes in form would also occur, and when sufficiently pronounced to attract the attention of the breeder, A OU ACR TM | & they have been seized upon and, through careful, selective breeding, emphasized in the descendants; so we now have im- mense triple tails, carunculated heads, and other monstrosities. In my opinion these are more extra- ordinary in appearance than in any way beautiful. Many of the varieties have their eyes bulging out of their heads; some have no dorsal fins; others are so deformed as to be hardly able to swim and can only wiggle through the water. To me, their only redeeming feature is, in many such cases, their brilliant and variegated color-patterns, and the inter- est they have with respect to varietal production through artificial selection and crossing. As a matter of fact, as the late Professor John A. Ryder once pointed out in one of his works, the sev- eral varieties of goldfish produced by man’s ingenuity in such operations “‘are the most profoundly modified of any known race of domesticated animal or- ganisms.”’ Toes 1Ae, 2s An Imported Ryukin. Photographed from life by the author from a specimen at the Bureau of Fisheries, Washington, D. C. By far one of the best books we have on this subject is by Doctor Hugh M. Smith, the present United States Com- missioner of Fisheries at Washington; it is entitled ‘Japanese Goldfish, their Va- rieties and Cultivation” (W. F. Roberts Company, Washington, D. C.), and is a most excellent treatise on the subject with which it deals. Several of the il- lustrations in the present contribution | @ | THE AW Wea Te om | Ue) are from that work, the plates of which, in some instances, are colored ones, rendering photographic copying of them a little difficult. There are several varieties of goldfish bred in this country, both major and minor forms, which have been desig- nated as ‘‘Japanese rarities;’’ but as a matter of fact they are entirely unknown to those people. Thus far, only ten stable modifications or varieties of the common goldfish have been produced in Japan, and these are all known to their trade. American breeders bestowed names upon these which are most cum- bersome and unmeaning, while their Japanese appellations are, in all cases, very expressive. They are known as the Wakin, which is the stock variety of Japan; the Ryukin (see Fig. 2); the Ranchu (lion-head), occasionally called the Mamko; the Oranda shishigashira, a name for the Dutch lion-head; the Demekin, or the one with the protraud- ing eyes; the Deme-ranchu—a ranchu that has protruding eyes; the Watonai (a new one); the Shukin or autumn bro- cade goldfish; the Shubunkin or the va- riegated vermilion goldfish, and the Kinranshi or the brocaded goldfish. Three or four of these are shown in my illustrations to the present article; but they only give us the form of the several varieties and we miss their magnificent color variations. These have all been minutely described by Doctor Smith in his work, and he also presents us with a ‘family tree’’ of the pedigree of szvx of the varieties, where their derivations have been made out with great accuracy. We have quite a literature upon this phase of the subject alone—indeed, there are a great many papers and treatises on goldfish extant have For many generations at Koriyama, Japan, the goldfish breeders have prac- ticed making designs on the backs of certain varieties by the use of acid. It renders the parts to which it is applied practically white—that is, the body, for it cannot be employed in the case of the head or fins. I only mention this in that it may be condemned. In all other cases only natural methods have been employed by the Japanese in any part of the empire. My attention has been called to The Technical World Magazine for Decem- ber, 19138, page 517, where a brief de- scription is given of how the “‘Japanese adepts” graft additional taz/s upon cer- tain varieties of so-called ‘“‘bush-tailed goldfish.’”’ This ‘‘art’’ is not mentioned in Doctor Smith’s work, and I believe I am safe in saying that no such operation is ever practiced by any goldfish breed- ers, Japanese or American. To be sure the ‘‘tail’’ or caudal fin in these artifici- ally bred varieties of goldfish is perhaps the structure most responsive to the laws of selection, and some very marvel- ous forms of it have been produced, as may be seen in Fig. 1 of this article. Fic. 3. The Shubunkin or Speckled Goldfish. By the author after the colored plate of S Matsubara in Dr. Hugh M. Smith’s work on ‘‘Japanese Goldfish” A word now as to the coloration of the goldfish shown in my figures. As to the wonderful imported Ryukin, shown in Fig. 2, the parts in black are brilliant 6 es ae») ~I (op) AO: U-A-R-1TUM vermilion in life, while the rest of the fish is chalk white. Passing to Fig. 3, we have a normally shaped fish bred for peculiarities in color; it is a mottled form presenting great individual variation. Character- istically, it is spotted on both body and fins, and a single specimen may com- prise in color blue, purple and vermilion, as well as black and white. Some speci- mens are all of a purple shade which is unique and truly remarkable. In Fig. 4, the Ranchu is generally a bright red fish with short, rounded body, and three-lobed, short tail; conspicuous red, or whitish red warts on its head (except lower jaw), and a complete ab- sence of the dorsal fin. Of this variety there are some extraordinary examples, but their descriptions would carry me far beyond the legitimate limits of this article; this applies, too, to my furnish- ing any descriptions of the varieties not here figured. Dr. Smith gives all this information in great detail. With respect to the Kinranshi of Fig. 4, we have another black, red and white variety that lacks the dorsal fin. This is the latest addition given us by the breeders of Japan, and the history of its production forms an interesting chapter in goldfish literature. A veritable monstrosity is seen in the Deme-Ranchu (lower cut, Fig. 4); for what beauty can there be in a fish that possesses enormous pedunculated, pro- truding, upturned (90°) eye-balls, a shortened body, no dorsal fin, and a triple tail, so large as to be out of all proportion to the rest of the body of its owner? In color this variety may be black or orange or the two colors com- bined in all manner of patterns and varying areas. These creatures, when Fic. 4 (Upper cut) The Ranchu or Maruko (Corean Goldfish) (Middle cut) The Kinranshi or Brocaded Goldfish (Lower cut) The Deme or Pop-eye Ranchu. By the author after the colored plates of S. Matsubara in Dr. Hugh M. Smith’s work on ‘Japanese Goldfish” bred to the greatest refinement, can hardly swim; moreover, they are of low vital power and often sterile, being slug- gish in all their movements on the bot- tom of either pond or aquarium, where they live out their inert existence. One of the most beautiful of these varieties is the Watoni or Fringtail Wakin, it being a large fish, parti-col- ored (brilliant vermilion and white), with all the fins highly developed, the caudal one of great size and bifid. We are confronted with a big subject when we come to study goldfish culture for profit, for it is an industry that is taking on very large growth in this coun- try at the present time. The demand |e | a for the fish is far in excess of the supply, a fact that may be emphasized by stat- ing that Japan sells more than half a million dollars of them annually. Dr. Smith says that in order to convey some idea of the actual relative values of the different varieties of goldfish, the fol- lowing average wholesale prices per 1,000 fish are taken from the operations of a Tokyo breeder a few years ago: Demekin, 1-year old, $10; Wakin, 3 years old, $22.50; Ryukin, 3 years old, $100.00; Oranda shishigashira, 5 years old, $750.00; Ranchu, 2 years old, $75.00; Ranchu, 5 years old, $2,500. Sometimes single pairs of fancy varie- ties fetch wonderful prices—from fifty to seventy-five dollars, for example. The breeding of goldfish is full of in- terest, not particularly difficult for in- telligent people, and any old farm with water on it (in ponds, etc.), 7m any part of the United States, is available for the purpose. The management of goldfish aquaria is by no means an unimportant subject, but its treatment does not prop- erly fall within the scope of the present article. Heat Regulation By L. M. DORSEY The article presenting various meth- ods of heating recently illustrated in this magazine leads the writer to offer a method of automatic control of tem- perature where a gas flame is the heat- ing medium. The heat regulator or ‘“‘thermostat,”’ as it is called, is to be had in various forms of any dealer in laboratory equip- ment, and with slight modification can be adjusted to the needs of the aquarist. The trouble with most of those of A-O: 1 ARI, UM ie stock pattern is that they are set to allow a much greater flow of gas than is ever necessary to maintain the proper 65 or 70 degrees of the aquarium. GAS INTAKE GAS OUTLET . TOFLAME ZHOLE CORK. SMALL HOLE | TUBE — TO ALLOW ESCAPE OF GAS TOKEEP FLAME ALIVE LEVEL OF PIERCURY VARIES WITH CHANGING TEPPER STORE INCREAS/NG OR DECREASING FLOW OF GAS. Aigf HLH LE THIS PORTION SUB- MERGED (WV WATER OF AQUARIV/7. (ce “yj The accompanying illustration is self- explanatory. The apparatus will greatly repay those taking the pains of installa- tion, for once properly established it will relieve the aquarist of all concern re- garding the important essential of tem- perature. Last winter I had two aquaria under control by this method—one beside a window in my sleeping room which was always kept cold at night, the tempera- ture frequently dropping 30 degrees and more, yet the thermometer continually registered the 70 degrees that it was set to maintain and remained in satisfactory service throughout the entire winter. Concluded from page 81 fish spawned as far as we could see; however, as the brook was not put in operation until about the middle of June, we hope that an earlier start will bring us better success next year. fe 5 BD LA @) ac AOL A ROT UM | & AERATION Installing the Conductors By FLOYD S. YOUNG. Lead pipe will, in the long run, prove cheaper and more satisfactory than iron pipe or rubber tubing. Iron rusts to such an extent as often to completely fill the orifice; besides, it must have screw connections, made with great care. Rub- ber quickly rots out and must be re- placed. Lead pipe having an inside diam- eter of 3-16 in., and an outside diameter of 5-16 in. is about right for use with electric or hydraulic compressors. Soldered connections, although they have been a bugbear to many, are in reality not difficult to make. I have known plumbers to spend an entire day in putting in a line which should have been installed in two hours. They are accustomed to handle pipe % in. or more tien. too, othe -proper: handling of the lead-pot and soldering iron requires more skill than is pos- in diameter. sessed by the average amateur, besides, such an outfit is not adapted to small work. too much in one place, melting the lead tubing. too rapid; one cannot control the heat. Soldering irons apply the heat Gasoline or other torches are An alcohol lamp such as druggists use is ideal for this work. The heat is mild, and the solder is given time to thor- oughly run into the joints. To make a good joint procure a piece of brass tubing of such size as to fit snugly inside the lead pipe. Clean the outside of the brass tubing with emery paper and cut it into two-inch pieces. Turn a knife-blade or file tip around a few times in the ends of the lead pipe to brighten the inner surface. Then in- sert one of the sections of brass tubing into the ends of the pipe, pushing the ends together ; apply a little tinners’ acid to the joint. Hold the joint above the flame of the alcohol lamp until the solder held against the top of the pipe melts and runs in. Wire tin solder should be used. Bar solder, being thick and heavy, requires too much heat. In case no brass tubing is available, a joint may be made by spreading one of the ends of lead pipe so that it will fit over the other. A large nail worked round and round will accomplish this. The other end should be whittled down a trifle, so that it will fit snugly into the spread end. The soldering is done as in the first case. Care must be taken to make the joint fit snugly, else the solder may run into the pipe and obstruct it. In the first method the brass prevents this. All the soldering should be done before the pipe is hung, otherwise one will have trouble in keeping the ends to- gether while a joint is being soldered. Lead pipe of this size can be handled and bent as readily as wire. It can be made almost invisible by being run along the top of the picture-moulding; where the line runs from one room to another a hole can be bored over the door-casing where it will not show. 450,000,000 Eggs Taken by Fisheries At a time when the scarcity of eggs is one of the chief topics of public con- cern, a report comes from the United States Bureau of Fisheries, Washington, D. C., showing that already this season it has taken 450,000,000 whitefish eggs in Lake Erie, by far the largest ever made. This is 13,000 quarts of the tiny eggs. | @ fi E The Transportation of Live Fish in a Frozen Condition Fishes belong to the class of animals that have variable body temperature, de- pending on the temperature of their en- vironment. In extreme cold they assume a rigid condition, in which all of the vital functions are suspended, while life still remains present. During several months of each year some of the great rivers of Siberia are frozen solid to the bottom, but many of the fishes impris- oned in the ice retain their vitality and resume their active life when the ice melts in spring. This fact has suggested experiments in the freezing of live fish for transporta- tion, which are discussed in the Fischerei Zeitung. Many years ago the celebrated physicist Pictet of Geneva put fresh wa- ter fishes into a tub of water, which he kept liquid at the freezing point for 24 hours, and then allowed to freeze slowly into a solid block of ice, which after- ward was cooled gradually to —20 deg. Cent. (—4 deg. Fahr.). When the ice was melted a month or even two months afterward, the fishes began to swim as briskly as they did before freezing, and showed no symptom of ill health. recently fishes are have The Similar experiments been made in France. placed in water which is kept near the freezing point for a few hours, then at the freezing point for 15 to 18 hours, and finally frozen by immersing the vessel into a freezing mixture, producing a cake of ice a few inches thick, in which the frozen fishes are imbedded. This cake is wrapped in cloth and surrounded with a heat-insulating packing, to pre- vent melting during transportation. [t AOC AC eo ee | 7 | is necessary to thaw the ice very slowly and to keep the water near the freezing point for several hours, in order to pre- serve the life of the fishes. Even those which do not survive are in a perfect state of preservation. In the markets of Irkutsk, Siberia, fish are displayed for sale in the frozen state piled up like cordwood. Fish in cold storage are preserved frozen in slabs of ice. The latter method is now applied in the shipment of live fish. The method of shipping live fish in water is not feasi- ble on account of the expense, as from 1 to 4 gallons of water are required for each pound of fish, according to the va- riety. Since the discovery by Pictet that fish may be frozen in blocks of ice with- out being killed, and that they will be- come as lively as ever after they are thawed out, a method has been devised for preparing them for shipment in ice. The method is described in the Scientific American. The fish in a large amount of water are placed in a closed tank, and oxygen under pressure is supplied. The greater portion of the water is then drawn off. The fish remain in good con- dition on account of the abundant sup- ply of oxygen. The vessel containing the fish is then placed in a freezing tank and the fish are frozen into the ice formed. The blocks of ice containing the fish can then be piled up in the ordinary refrig- On arrival at their destina- slow erator Car. tion the fish are put through a thawing process lasting ten hours, when they return to their normal state of ac- tive animation. The fishing line will soon be the pop- ular chord. so | THE Notropis Chrosomus By WM. T. INNES, JR. Specimens of this fish which appeared in the Eastern market some time ago, under the names KRhinycthys gloriosus and Chrosomus superbus, have been rec- ognized, and a few words concerning this variety will doubtless be of interest. The Notropis Chrosomus, discovered by Jordan in 1876, is a desirable inhabi- tant of the cold water aquarium. It was found in Georgia and is common in clear brooks and outlets of springs throughout the drainage of the Alabama Basin. A closely related variety, Notropis Meta- licus, is so similar that it is difficult for the amateur ichthyologist to distinguish one from the other. When identification of specimens is in the least doubt, it is much the best plan to submit them to a competent ichthyologist. Errors of iden- tification soon get well-rooted and become veritable weeds to the scientific worker, who is put to great unnecessary labor in running down false trails. Identification by competent ichthyologists is nearly al- ways possible and, if a new fish has to be named, let it be done by one who can also make a proper classification. The following description is taken from the works of Jordan. The original specimen is in The Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. Notropis Chrosomus (Jordan) Red- lined minnow, head 4; depth 434; D 8; A 10; scales 38 in lateral line to caudal base, and two more on latter; 7 scales above lateral line; 4 scales below lateral line; 22 scales before dorsal; snout 3 1-3 in head; eye 3%, maxillary 27. ; inter- orbital 2 4-5. Body elongate, well com- pressed, rather slender. Head moderate, compressed. Snout convex, — slightly abrupt in front, length 4-5 its width. 20. U2 ARM ca Eye rounded, mouth inclined, rather large; lower jaw slightly protruding and upper protractile; maxillary reaches eye. Interorbital rather evenly convex. Gill- rakers 7 short points of which 2 on upper part of arch. Pharyngeal teeth 2, 4-4, 2, hooked, with grinding surfaces. Scales rather small and well exposed. Lateral line complete, decurved. Inser- tion of dorsal midway between eye-cen- ter and caudal base. Anal inserted about opposite last third of dorsal base. Cau- dal well forked. Pectoral reaches 34 to ventral; latter inserted well before dor- sal and reaches vent. Color hyaline— green with bluish tints. Belly silvery. Head above and vertebral line golden; light narrow scarlet streak from opercle above to caudal base, and below this a silvery line. Row of black dots along lateral line, forming into small distinct caudal spot. Scarlet bar across anal, caudal base and dorsal. Spring males with muzzle and top of head tuberculate, and finer tubercles before dorsal. Length 214 inches. Known from the Alabama Basin and is common in clear brooks and outlets of springs. The writer has kept six specimens of Notropsis Chrosomus for several months in water of moderate temperature, and their active habits and gentle nature, combined with the attractive coloring of the fins and the copper and dark stripes along the sides make them, indeed, a de- lightful aquarium fish. The fact of their coming from the South at first led aquarists to treat them as tropical fish. Under these conditions they died rapidly. Since it has become known that they inhabit cool, spring-fed brooks we now keep them in moderate to cool aquaria, where they do well, par- ticularly with aeration. | THE KO. U AR i | 1 An Outdoor Aquarium By CHARLES THOMAS While spending last summer near Lake Champlain in northern New York, it oc- curred to me that an artificial brook stocked with such wild fishes as I could find would be well worth the labor of construction, and would afford an op- portunity of observing these fish under very nearly their natural environment. Accordingly, for my own amusement, ! set to work to prepare an interesting variation of the household aquarium. About two hundred feet from our house was a small spring which flowed down to a brook, some little distance away, at the foot of a hill. Just below the spring, and a little to one side of the rivulet flowing from it, I dug a trench about forty feet long, varying in width from three to five feet and about twenty inches deep. The ground was hard and clayey. The end of the ditch was finished off square and here a tight dam of boards, with a row of one-inch augur holes a little below the level of the bank, served to keep the water in the artificial brook at a constant level. The holes were covered with wire cloth. It was a simple matter to divert the flow from the spring into the new course and the next morning I found the ground had become thoroughly saturated and my brook was filled, the water flow- ing off nicely through the holes in the upper part of the dam. I soon found it necessary, however, to reinforce the sides of the dam, where the boards were driven into the bank, with a few bricks and a little cement. The bottom of the brook I covered as much as possible with mossy stones and gravel and transplanted such water plants as I could find nearby to create the appearance of nature. To be absolutely truthful, the actual construction which has just been ex- plained very strongly resembled work, and spelled with a capital W, too, but the pleasurable difficulties I had in stock- ing the brook and the fun I derived from watching its inhabitants afterward more than made up for the labor. Nature does not allow us to study her, as a rule, without a good deal of exertion on our part. I soon enlisted the aid and enthusiasm of a friend, and together we explored the brooks and streams for miles around in search for a variety of specimens. We used a small seine that two could handle and during the summer netted a large quantity of fish, though not a very great variety. We even explored the shallow waters on the edge of the lake. All fish except those we wished to put in our brook were promptly liberated. The only varieties of small fish we found within a radius of five or six miles of Westport, N. Y., were the Black- nosed, Long-nosed and Horned Dace, the Straw, Spotted-tail and Red-fin minnow and the Tesselated Darter. All of these fish we found to be quite common in the streams we explored except the Black-nosed Dace, of which we found but two, and these on our first exploring expedition in the stream near our house. All of these fish seemed to live to- gether in peace and good understanding. The pleasure of watching their habits amply repaid us for our efforts. Hoping that the Horned-Dace would build their gravel nests, we provided them with gravel of various degrees of coarseness at the head of the stream, but much to our disappointment they failed to take the hint. In fact, none of the Continued on page 77 [2 | THE THE AQUARIUM Issued in the Interests of the Study, Care and Breeding of Aquatic Life Published monthly except July and August at Chicago, Illinois, by the Aquarium Societies of Brooklyn, Chicago, New York, Phila- delphia, Boston, Milwaukee, Minneapolis. Send all manuscripts, exchanges, books for review, etc., direct to the Editor-in-Chief; remittances to the Treasurer; all other mat Cen tOMeLe BiisinessuManagcetme nn seed vee EDITOR IN CHIEF, — -— —- — 8S. Dearborn St., — - - — — J. W. GAGE — Chicago, Ill. BUSINESS MANAGER, — — I. J. ACKERMAN 6100 Ingleside Ave, — -— -— — Chicago, Il. TREASURER, — — — — FLOYD S. YOUNG 428. W. 66th St, (= = = = = Chicago, Il. CIRCULATION DEpT., — - W.B. HOFFMAN 253 Sibley St.. = -— = — -— Hammond, Ind. SINGLE CopPrss, 10c SUBSCRIPTIONS, $1 -- Advertising Rates upon Application =3- Vor. Tf January, 1914 No. 8 In following the hobby or fad of col- lecting various varieties of fish suit- able for aquarium purposes or of breed- ing and raising from adult specimens, it is surprising to note the latent quali- ties that will come to the surface and unconsciously be developed in one’s disposition. Very few, indeed, are the fanciers who have made any money out of this hobby. Soitis generally the case of everything going out and nothing com- ing in and if a fancier is inclined to be prodigal in money matters and can af- ford to do so, there is scarcely any limit to the amount of money that can be in- vested even in a medium or small col- lection. On the other hand a very satisfactory collection of both goldfish and tropical AQUARIUM | # varieties can be brought together for a very modest sum. No fancier was ever successful with- out acquiring the habit of close obser- vation which discloses an unlimited amount of detail in the housing, feed- ing and caring for his subjects. He soon discovers that it is difficult and unsatisfactory to direct someone else in doing this, that, or the other small job in connection with this pas- time and it naturally follows that he will do these things with his own hands and even though he has no mechanical training he soon finds that he can do these things and the satisfaction he will get out of it is much greater than it would be otherwise. The high-strung nervous business man can get what he needs as a “let-down” or relaxation from the business tension when he gets home in the evening and can spend an hour or so, preferably be- fore dinner, with his pets. While the whole family can enter into and enjoy the cultivation of fish as a hobby, it is advisable that the feeding be under the supervision of one person who will see to it that no more food will be placed in the tanks than will be consumed daily, thereby guard- ing against its decay and contamina- tion of the water. Tanks can be obtained at prices from a few cents to many hundred dollars, but without question the one that will be appreciated the most by the owner will be the one that he has made with his own hands. At least that particular tank will be the one he will point out to his guests and say “I made it,” il- lustrating that trait or qualification in his disposition that indicates a well-bal- anced mind, viz., that of producing something with his own hands. | @ | THE ASO. W. ARAB | 83 Brooklyn Aquarium Society The annual meeting of the Brooklyn Aquarium Society was held on the evening of January 13, 1914. There was a very large attendance, and not- withstanding that it was the coldest night that Brooklyn has witnessed in the past twelve or fourteen years. One of the most interesting parts of the evening’s meeting was the reading of the re- ports of the several officers and the chairmen of the committees. The report .of the. president, Dr. Frederick Schneider, was received with a great deal of pleasure and enthusi- asm by every one present. The show- ing for the year was such to make him and all the members proud. The in- creased membership showed that there were about sixty per cent additional members enrolled during the past year, making the past administration the best in the history of the society. Dr. Schneider’s report was studded with many instructive and interesting re- marks appertaining to the welfare of the society, and the work in general. Great strides had been made for the better scientific management of aqua- riums and fish culture. The secretary's and treasurer’s re- ports show that the Brooklyn Aqua- rium Society can now boast of a good financial condition, and the outlook is such that the members feel the funds of the association warrant some enter- tainment, which most probably will be in the form of an annual dinner to be held during the month of March. The reports of the different commit- tees were very gratifying and were received with great After the reading of the reports, the election of officers for the ensuing year also applause. began, and the following gentlemen were unanimously elected to their sev- eral offices: President, Dr. Frederick Schneider, 64 Grove Street. Vice-president, Joseph Froehlich, 11 Francis Place. Secretary, Harry Roessle, 116 Har- man Street. Fritz, 805 Treasurer, Theodore P. Halsey Street. Librarian, Seymour H. Franklin Avenue. Ripin, 915 Local Editor, Seymour H. Ripin, 915 Franklin Avenue. Every of the accepted with the assurances that they would do all in their power to make the new administration a successful and pros- perous one. one above The society expects to make great progress during the coming year, and if the hopes of all the officers and mem- bers are only half realized, the Brook- lyn Aquarium Society will be second to none in this country. Seymour H. Ripin, Local Editor. The Natural Scientist a Re- ligious Teacher Truly, he who unfolds to us the way in which God works through the world of phenomena may well be called the best of religious teachers. In the study of the organic world, no less than in the study of the starry heavens, is it true that ‘day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto night showeth knowledge.”’ — John Fiske in a memorial lecture on Charles Darwin. ee THE AO: 0 Ask Pom Index to Vol. I, 1912 A Aeration Apparatus. A Simple... Ninieam Plies.) What ate...) 2 5. 37 INSCAGS| Oe MO alse ave ees tts cad neo o-oo oe +4 PGR UTA TACT wemicle TG, ar sespercleues cha tetevey) 32-87 Aquarium. The Household....... 12 Nchiauatt tae) sch itiagen hells we eae 42 Aquarium Management. Practical 39 INGER Io iehre AN OWES Bagea nd or ete Coat 29 Aquarium. Possibilitiesofthe Home 25 B a GGIneS yer ee wee lee chao ay oleae 9 Brackish Water Agtarim..-Aoc.. Ov Breede: Goldifishys 2s dite. leks 62 Breeding Tank of Wood. How to CONStENCE rar t . Auheete 51d wha sons 80 roo ke ollVersicemmalnie em its ea: 69 C Cais eA MCAT witless sec 3 68 Cements. “AMPA GVA HW posto ears 66 Chamchito Breedimereccars es ci cat 1 Chrosomus Erythogaster......... 19 Comments andl Omerness i)... -SOx.0l sails, fomis iets she Oe Goldfish: “fhe Docile...-.35. 2/54 S4 Good Might Iimportant:. 3 302... 52 H PAGE Hearing of) Fishes: Note oi. eel Heating the Aquarium. A Simple Device forse .% i... nee 79 Hydra.” Whe: entity -eaeee oes 89 L Labyrinth Fishes: 2o:acpaeee ae 49-56 Webter BiOx..6 eis a iieeeet cee ereeinere 37 Lion Head Goldfishs The. <-245. 0-5 Little Fellows With the Wheel. The 34 M Mechanical Helps ..3.4. accent 17-36 Mollienisiay Latipinna 72>. .ete eas 85 Morris-Canal.” >Alongthes ase 15 Mouth: Breedets; Ihe...) sien. ce N New: York Aquarium. ihes 7s 75 O One New, Vork Kalies amr em rareerere 61 Orin cAarins iscsi eons oe oer ae eae 4 P ParatilapirasiMiticolor srs. cer ig Plankton sae ect shone seal eueue soe 23 Plants. Feeding Aquarium ...... 6-18 Plants Worth Cultivating .......20-32 Plants in Aquaria. The Function OD. 4 sists: ye alete savsrevs pl rei ncteteyel home 58 Preserving Fish Specimens....... 59 Public Aquaria im Aiencase sets. 55 Public Interest an: Acacia: ene 72 Q Quillwort. - Whe. eo ae 32 R Red-Bellied Mace. 247s 19 Red Tirton:, hes. sere cee ee 29 S) Sails. «cise o wesw she eee he stems eee eRe Oo” Society, Statishicse. ap. eiwee een ener 15 Spawn Net. aalitess ri enenenere 17 Surcical Case Anew dc se eee Pa Ag Tadpoles..22¢ 22 22s eee ees 27 Tropical Fish. Where From...... Sit V Veiltail Telescope. The........... | Violet in Aguana, ~ Whe: oscceen 76 W Water Poppy. Growth onthe.... 52 SOCIETY ~ BULEETINS Brooklyn Aquarium Society Regular meetings 2nd & 4th Tues. in every month except July & Aug. at Fairchild Bldg. 702 Fulton St., at 8 P. M. Initiation Fee, $1.00 Annual Dues, $2.00 TES GEME sr a anyoenety cn aaccteie etek aie oe Dr. FREDERICK SCHNEIDER, 64 Grove Street WicesPresidenter. 5nd tore cbs ose eae ee JOSEPH FROEHLICH, 11 Francis Pl. Corresponding and Recording Sec’y........ Harry ROESSLE, 116 Harman Street AT CASILNCE Awe ops ake Nine kon A eee ee THEODORE P. Fritz, 805 Halsey Street Librarian E : Local Editor t ROO CRC L Tit Bday econ rey oe SEYMouR H. Ripin, 915 Franklin Ave. LocalvBusiness)Manager... =... 4.2 oe ee cee OweEN H. Smiru, 702 Fulton Street Chicago Fish Masmcnens. -Glhuibi President.2:8 croc nas oar ieee tee F. S. YounG, 428 West 66th Street WicesBresidentss2 teat crnis. ction oe ee ae Dr. G. A. PREUSKER, 457 North Avenue eee unes on the po] eVs Galtt=) ar genre Micali byte noth GEN CNT REET PEC ECE W. B. HorFMAN, Hammond, Ind. econ ednesday at 809-12 : . ; ~ . City UEFA Square. Building: Treasurer. ne CarL Fossetra, 1341 George Street I7zISOMNortheGlarkectebat, | Acting wibranianl oe ae ere acer «iene ei V= iets plete F. G. ORSINGER S20 PM: on see canes. OCA GICODR eras Maman iene ten ae F. G. ORSINGER, 123 S. Oakley Boulevard ay where announced. All TEIERaSS IN ESE ho Seon one - : ; Initiation Fee) $1.00 Local Business Manager............. C. J. Borcstrom, Jr., 1408 Kedzie Avenue Annual Dues, $4.00 The Aquarium Society ReonInee i eetiieeeonethe President. EicnsiRapetateh sails Epw. W. KIERNAN, 78 So. Clinton St., East Orange, N. J. Second Thursday at (the Wice-President, |... ..c.c2 sce JOHN P. LOWEL, 146 Grace St., Jersey City, N. J. German - American School R di S ; Sherman Ave., Jersey City. Gee sepa ; sondqc0bs HERMAN OSMER, West New Brighton, N. Y. and on the Fourth Friday orresponding Secretary at the American Museum of SBLEASULELS ere oroteharernre eevee H. A. RICHTBERG, 85 South 16th St., East Orange, N. J. Narural PES ory: Te Race Tethbranianincs settee HERMAN HOFFMEISTER, 165 Webster Av., Jersey City, N. J. York go eionthe exceak WocaWwhditor-). 2.) JOHN T. NicHoLS, Am. Museum of Nat. History, New York July and August. Corre- Local Business Manager............ CARL P. OrDING, 1931 Broadway, New York sponding membership $1.00 Annually. Initiation Fee, $1. Dues, $2 Philadelphia 3 = President)... cepa tw tapafete wo mic detest s eralee H. R. Lippincott, Collingswood, N. J. Aquarium Society WiCe=Presid nti aac eiciccyeie cle ters ererontne sir ote eto es CHARLES PAXSON, 2534 N. 11th Street R 1 ti th TEASE OM pars: oararevenn ors 5 aller ate sic, sfeiehonedaeieeereecess HIRAM PARKER, 224 N. Wilton Street egular meetings on e : k Fourth Wednesday, at 1414 ‘Secretary............... esse eee e eee L. M. Dorsey, Jr., 2219 N. 19th Street Arch Street. IEOCals GitOn es caterers cera cre oetanccekareioe a Wm. T. INNEs, Jr., 1824 N. Park Avenue eae ae: ere aaa Local Business Manager.................- L. M. Dorsky, Jr., 2219 N. 19th Street ues, 80. orresponding Membership, $1.00 Annually. Milwaukee President ua vesvcsey es atarerchole: see etaies ces ereinranteveins C. G. B. ScHENK, 105 Grand Avenue . e Wice-Presidents (5 vcr lersra one esac nyaneisters ayer ace AuGust GRAU, 3110 Grand Avenue Aquarium Society PUCASULER so caieietaore Graves niche wiaielereborene econo Gro. J. C. STEFFEN, 950 First Street s Ta, Secretary 5.5 ey tevet sae sievk wie Guelese seeenstor actors Rev. Paut Rotu, 2602 Prairie Avenue eeulee aan ccaa Huet Ikibrariam aor oer oe eee AuGust W. Po_iwortuH, 1816 Wright Street Hinton ese: $1. Dues, $1.20 Local Business Manager.............-...-.--- W. A. Bryek, 304 Fifteenth Street Philadelphia Gold Fish Fanciers Society PreStdent nov, lokyasate aie shee oie eiens tabs GEorGE B. Situ, 2013 E. Cumberland St. Meets Third Wednesday even- Waice-Presidernttres remem attrac ieee ieee tne Harry P. PETERS, 1210 N. Warnock St. ing of each monthyexcept July Secretary. v.07. - 02 eee ovens = FRED RICHARDSON, 652 E. Lippincott St. ane eet ea ee APTEASTITOR eae ee eine Gro. W. Prick, 2038 So. 3rd St. - i - - delphia, Pa. Membership Fee, $1.00 Dues, 15 cents per month - 1 Presidents. 45 mcata sate cave sit imenel orskeenienalerene iain F. L. Tappan, 92 South 7th Street Minneapolis PLECASUCT 1 has fevsten ches “Petes erelonetey ovens J. W. FRANZEN, Curator Museum Pub. Library Aquarium Society Seoretary sine pias oc Bareloceee oe Mrs. ANNA ESSENE, 3421 Longfellow Ave. South Boston args (as aa en ea Eon Me er TENNANT LEE, 18 School St., Dedham, Mass. Aquarium Society Sig ehals Sohne Hnb od dic Ga aos CuHas. W. ALDEN, 15 Bloomfield St., Boston, Mass. EPREASUITET a) sseteietetaranrel Stain rats FRANKLIN A. PACKARD, 5 Perry St., Cambridge, Mass. Initiation Fee, $1 An’l Dues,$1 Breeding Goldfish? START NOW! Season commences in February —ends September. Full instructions for breeding and rearing young, feeding, etc. 25c per copy, post- paid. Mated pairs of breeders shipped safely anywhere in U.S. Prices as follows: Young Japanese Fringetails, $1.00 and $2.00 pair upward. Young Chinese Black Dragon Eyes, $2.00 and $3.00 pair upward. Young Chinese Orange and Black Spangled Dragon Eyes, $3.00 pair upward. Young Chinese Calico Dragon Eyes, $2.00 and $3.00 pair upward. Beautiful East Indian Shubunkins, every color of the rainbow—no two colored alike, $2.00, $3.00, $5.00 a pair up to $100.00 each, according to color. These are com- mon goldfish in shape, easily bred and very hardy. Goldfish Breeding, the ideal money maker for people with a little spare time—a grand hobby—beautiful pets. We help you, will buy your results. Market never glutted. Order now—breeders scarce later. Oriental Goldfish Company S. CHICHESTER LLOYD, Manager NEW ADDRESS: 50S Bergen Street, BROOKLYN, N. Y. We have no circulars or price lists. Every order receives our manager’s personal attention and filled in rotation. Feed our Food, 15c postpaid. Extra large bunch plants fot aquaria, 15c postpaid. Tell us your troubles. 12 years in the business. AQUARIUM BOOK Herman T. Wolf’s work “Goldfish Breeds and Other Aquarium Fishes” is the standard authority. Tells all about breeding fancy goldfish and treats in a prac- tical way on all aquarium and terrarium sub- jects. 240 beautiful illustrations. Price, postage prepaid by us, $3.00 INNES & SONS Twelfth Street, Cor. Cherry, Philadelphia, Pa. Imported Goldfish Aquarium Plants of all kinds Aquaria Tanks Fish Globes Ornaments, Etc. Auburndale Goldfish Co. (Not Incorporated) 1449 West Madison St., Chicago, IIl. Send for Catalog and Trade Prices “The Aquarium” Magazine Subscribers whose sub- scriptions expire with the December issue will assist the publicationand confer a favor on the manage- | ment by sending their renewals promptly to Floyd S. Young 428 W. Sixty-Sixth St. CHICAGO | WILLIAM MACK BIRD SPECIALIST AQUARIST SCHUYLER 9889 2193 Broadway, New York City Write us Now and Look Into Frog Breeding INSTRUCTIVE Book ‘FROG CULTURE,” $1.00 post- paid, tells how to breed, feed and ar- range place, in fact everything. Con- tains Dr. Loeb’s article on scientifically produced FROGS. ‘Tadpoles and Bull- frogs bought and sold. AQUA LIFE CO., Box 617, Seymour, Conn. INTERESTING ATTENTION ! LIVE-BEARING FISH BREEDERS ! Protect your new-born fish from the ——— attacks of the femalexby using the “Lire-SAVER CAGE.”’ Will positively save the life of every new-born fish without any attention on your part. Made of glass and non- By Mail, Postpaid, corrosive wire. 75 Cents | THE L. 8. co., 553 58th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Mention THE AQUARIUM when writing advertisers Shoe boebosbobobebebebebubeb]ebebu| a) fa) MMC MT MT je bebebebeboe bebe bqeobe0be0qu0500000200200500:5b20:002:5002:50:02:b020252:5220:b50:0::0502:5b25050505000eu0E5q = = sa er TMU TL MCU LU CU CUCU Natural Breathing means Healthy Fish— BS THE “LITTLE WONDER” | PUMP provides air so the fish can breathe naturally, in- creasing their health, beauty and Value. works automatically by city water power; uses only a little water; nothing to wear out or get out of order. It is always It ie “On the Job.” Just install and then forget it—the “Little = Wonder” will do the rest, automatically. al al EE i Drop a card for Particulars, Now I a E | The BISHOP-BABCOCK-BECKER COMPANY | @ : CLEVELAND, OHIO iQ Te eS as Ee en a eee eee er See ace See Se ee ee eee Pag > Soll | fs e9ece9ese5ege9E5ESEg eq EgESEga5 eq qqESEgegas9gEgeg9es0929sg2EeR SALT WATER AQUARIUMS A sea garden at your home. ‘The sea at ebb tide. Jhe beauties of the ocean a thousand miles from the seashore. The won- ders of the deep portrayed in the living specimens. Sea Anemones as pretty as carnations. Plant Life. Sea lettuce. Liv- ing mussels, small hermit horse- shoe, shedder or edible crabs, beautiful colored small sea fishes and, most beau- tiful of all, Living Sea Horses, with directions how to keep these interesting spe- cimens alive and healthy in your home. Florists and aquarists can arrange one of these beautiful marine aquariums in the window, which will make a lively and attractive dis- play. The advertiser, with fifty years’ ex- perience in the work, for reference, refers you to the Museum of Natural History of New York, the New York Aquarium, the New York and New Jersey Aquarium Society, and prominent florists in New York. R DONKE 200 W. S3rd Street . ’ New York City Mention THE AQUARIUM Terminal Pet Shop Importers, Breeders and Dealers in Japanese Goldfish and Tropical Fish Fish foods, plants and aquaria Pets of every description _ Birds, seeds and cages | | Burnett’s Japanese Fish ood | Booth No, 18 Concourse HUDSON TERMINAL BUILDINuU NEW YORK Prices cheerfully furnished for special size aquariums The N. Y. Nadarien Writes ——s “Think your book DOMESTICATED FISH will | be very useful to all those who are interested in the small aquarium and its inhabitants.”” (Sd.) RAY- | MOND C. OSBORN, Asst. Director. | 66 . e 99 is »ONLY BOOK Domesticated Fish’’ 8!°¢ ONLY BOOK the care, culture and the identification of Tropical Fish, Domestic Fish and Goldfish. Send 52 cents to day for Part I, Postpaid. MONEY BACK IF DIS- SATISFIED. W. L. BRIND, F.Z.S. | 500 Isham St. NEW YORK when writing advertisers IMPORTED FISHFOOD ‘‘BLUE RIBBON BRAND’’ of feed, 100% pure. Contains no dog-biscuit nor other adulterant. It is SO GOOD that ‘'l. B.’’, a New York fancier, bought 15 pounds at once! ‘“‘C. E.’’ who has been carrying off the blue ribbons in Philadelphia for the best. Veil- tailed Goldfish, bought 3 pounds.