Aquilegia

Newsletter of the Colorado Native Plant Society

"... dedicated to the appreciation and conservation of the Colorado native flora.”
Volume 34 Number 5 - Winter 201 0

RARE BOTRYCHIUM CAMPESTRE RE-DISCOVERED AT
BONNY PRAIRIE NATURAL AREA

By Steve J. Popovich and Scott F. Smith

After not being observed in Colorado since 1997, prairie
moonwort ( Botrychium campestre) was re-located this
spring at Bonny Prairie Natural Area. This plant is a
member of the Adder’s tongue family (Ophioglossaceae),
an ancient group of plants distantly related to modern
ferns. Moonworts are extremely interesting in that they
produce only a single above-ground leaf per year that is
divided dichotomously into a sterile, foliaceous part
(trophophore) and a fertile, spore-bearing part
(sporophore). Most of the plant is below ground, and it
does not send up its leaf every year. When a leaf does
emerge above ground, it is small and difficult to detect,
and is often less than several inches tall. This species of
moonwort quickly dies back to the ground after releasing
spores, and is only identifiable for perhaps six weeks in
the spring.

Mature and immature Prairie Moonworts

Photo by Scott Smith

Typically found in prairies of the Midwest and Canada,
where it remains elusive and uncommon, this moonwort is
known in Colorado only from a single small population on
Bonny Prairie Natural Area at Bonny Reservoir, which is
in Yuma County near the Kansas border. The natural area
is a remnant of the little bluestem loess prairie that once
covered thousands of square miles in Colorado, Kansas,
and Nebraska. Most of the prairie has been plowed and
grazed since pioneer settlement in the late 1800s. Only a
few acres of the original prairie remain unaltered today,
fragments of the rich natural history of Colorado.

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Aquilegia 34:5

Rare Botrychium campestre rediscovered 1

Join the Adopt-A-Rare Plant program 2

Article: “Colorado and Antarctica” 3

Scheduled Workshops 4

Workshop Registration Form 5

Book Review 6

Chapter announcements 7-11

Untitled poem, Henry David Thoreau 11

Colorado RPCI awards 12-13

Request for Proposals: Marr-Steinkamp Awards 13

About Aquilegia 14

Membership application and renewal form 14

Colorado Native Plant Society 15

Calendar Back

Books and Merchandise Order Form Insert

Efforts have been made off and on since the mid-1990’s
to monitor the population. Because the plant was not
observed for numerous years and was feared extinct in
Colorado, monitoring was ramped up in recent years.
Visits over the last five years in a row revealed no plants,
but a persistent team of moonwort enthusiasts would not
give up, and several years ago devised a two-part
strategy to maximize detection of plants. Firstly, they
collected soil samples to be analyzed by Dr. Cindy
Johnson at Gustavus Adolphus College in Minnesota,
where she developed a method to detect moonworts
below ground. And in 2007 she found them in the soil
samples! That re-invigorated the team’s quest and
confirmed that they had been searching in the right
location all along. Secondly, they worked with Brian
Kurzel of the Colorado Natural Areas Program to have the
site repeatedly watered in spring by fire trucks for two
years. It was hoped that this would promote emergence
and help offset eastern Colorado’s droughty past.

With spirits high, Peter Root, Scott Smith, Linda Smith,
Tom Bates, Stephanie Danyi, and Steve Popovich visited
the site on May 18, 2010. In the searing sun and ever-
present winds of Bonny, yet another year of monitoring
efforts commenced. After about 20 minutes of tedious

searching on hands and knees among the dense thatch
and grass tussocks, the first plant was found! An
energetic jig followed by shouts of joyful expletives carried
on the wind sent nearby fledging meadowlarks fleeing
from their cover. Twelve moonworts were eventually
found about 50 feet north of the soil sample area, ranging
from 3/8 of an inch to 3 inches tall. Most were still very
green, with only a few plants showing spore release.
Perhaps the watering in previous years had worked to
coax plants into emerging, or perhaps the team chanced
upon pure luck, but either way, there was good cause for
celebration! After 12 years of above-ground silence, which
may be a drought strategy, Colorado’s prairie moonwort is
back. The trick is to help keep it back, and to have it
release spores at least intermittently, to allow
replenishment of the below-ground plant bank. The team
will continue to monitor the site, and hopes to work with
the Natural Areas Program to implement management
practices to help maintain viability of one of Colorado’s
rarest plants.

Steve Popovich is a member of the Northern Chapter and
is Chair of the Field Studies Committee. Scott Smith is a
member of the Denver Chapter.

JOIN THE ADOPT-A-RARE-PLANT PROGRAM TO HELP
CONSERVE SOME OF OUR RAREST SPECIES

By Jenny Neale

Have you ever wanted to hit the open road armed with
only your map, a GPS, and a good description of a rare
plant species? By joining the Adopt-a-Rare-Plant
program in 2011, you will get your chance to help track
down some of Colorado’s rarest plants to aid in their
conservation.

The Colorado Native Plant Society is teaming up with
Denver Botanic Gardens and the Colorado Natural
Heritage Program to revive an older Adopt-a-Rare-Plant
program. The Colorado Natural Heritage Program tracks
more than 500 plant species in Colorado. By doing so,
they maintain information on the number of populations,
number of individuals, threats to populations and other
information on rare species. Through the Rare Plant
Conservation Initiative, professional conservation
biologists have been updating records on our rarest
species, however additional data is needed on hundreds
of other species to update their conservation status.
Records for some species have become “Historic” which
means no one has seen that population in more than 20

years! This is your opportunity to participate in
conservation by helping to determine if these populations
still exist. Your travels will help ensure that all
agencies/organizations have up-to-date data on some of
our rarest species.

How to get involved: Let us know you’re interested (see
below). We will contact you regarding training
opportunities for the winter/early spring of 2011.
Trainings, which will take place around the state, to
ensure that you are comfortable identifying ‘your’ species.
We will also make sure you are comfortable with the
methods of finding and reporting on the populations you
will visit. Once you choose a species, you will be
provided with all necessary data. You will be given
information for both a reference site as well as sites not
visited in years. This way, you will be able to visit a
known population of representative habitat so that you
can become comfortable with both identifying the target

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species and the habitat before you head out to look for
the unseen populations. Some of the historic sites will be
easy to find and will simply involve the updating of
numbers. Some of them however, will be more like a
treasure hunt where finding the rare plant at the end of
the road will be even more rewarding.

The data collected through this program will prove
invaluable for updating records on some of our rarest
species. Some of the species up for adoption include:
Rocky Mountain blue columbine ( Aquilegia saximontana ),
the Naturita milkvetch ( Astragalus naturitensis), the
Hoosier pass ipomopsis ( Ipomopsis globularis), and
Rothrock’s townsend daisy ( Townsendia rothrockii).

To join the program contact:

Jill Handwerk, Colorado Natural Heritage Program:

jill. handwerk@colostate.edu
Jenny Neale, CoNPS / Denver Botanic Gardens:
nealejr@botanicgardens.org

Jennifer Ramp Neal is Associate Director of Research &
Conservation at the Denver Botanic Gardens. She was
recently reelected an at-large member of the CoNPS
Board of Directors.

COLORADO AND ANTARCTICA

By Bill Weber

In 1928 there was a competition among the Boy Scouts of
America. An Eagle Scout would be chosen to accompany
Admiral Richard Byrd’s third expedition, The U. S.
Antarctic Expedition of 1939-1941. I was only ten years
old but I envied Paul Siple, who collected the lichens on
that trip. Since then, the Antarctic has always been in the
back of my mind, and I have been slowly working my way
down there by way of the rest of the world. My family and
friends have been twisting my arm to spend some money
on myself, so at ninety-one and counting, I am taking my
daughter Heather with me on the next Antarctic
Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History in
February, 2011. We are both old birders, and she has
accompanied me on trips to the Himalaya and the
Galapagos Islands.

I have had some indirect experience with the Antarctic
flora, having identified the collections made by my student
Vera Komarkova on the peninsula. Vera’s work on the
ecdology of the Indian Peaks area show her to be have
been one of the finest plant ecologists the United States
has seen. I have also been corresponding with Ryszard
Ochyra, the Polish bryologist who recently published a
great book on the moss flora of Antarctica, and we are
jointly publishing a paper on a tiny species of Grimmia
that I collected in 1968. On the only clear day in three
years I walked up the 14,500-foot summit of Mount
Wilhelm in Papua New Guinea and collected a small
moss specimen that has been filed in the herbarium,
unidentified, for 40 years. Although a moss flora of Papua
New Guinea has been under way for many years, it took a
my friend Ryziek, with his specialty in the family
Grimmiaceae, to put a name on it. This moss, Grimmia
incrassicapsulis, has a most extraordinary distribution,

occurring otherwise only from much lower altitudes on the
southern tips of New Zealand, Tierra del Fuego, and on
the subantarctic island of South Georgia. This discovery
opens up a new problem in historical plant geography.

How can such a moss have found two such diffderent
places to survive? Actually, the Antarctic flora must have
roots in the past, and it is not only the mosses that
provide the evidence.

The moss flora dominates the snow-free landscape of
Antarctica, and it is of very great interest to us in
Colorado! Many species are of course endemic to
Antarctica, and thast continent has few or no species in
common with Australia or South Africa. But a number of
species are bipolar, that is, they occur in Antarctica and in
the northern hemisphere but are unknown or almost so
from the intervening Andes of South America. And
Colorado shares about 45 of these bipolar species with
Antarctica! In fact, Sanionia georgico-uncinata of King
George Island and the Antarctic Peninsula is common on
the marshy shores of Summit Lake on Mount Evans and
in scattered sites in the Arctic. The largest genus of
Antarctic mosses is Schistidium, with 13 species.
Schistidium is also the largest moss genus in Colorado,
with 19 species, only one of which it shares with
Antarctica.

There are only two vascular plants on the Antarctic
continent, a dwarf species of Deschampsia, and a minute
South American herb, Colobanthus quitensis , in the
Alsinaceae. Among the vascular plants of the
southernmost tip of South America, Colorado has several
species, most of them bipolar, in common with Tierra del

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Fuego: Koenigia islandica ; our common Anemone
multifida was first discovered there; Osmorhiza chilensis ;
Carex maritima; Carex microglochin; and Carex capitata.
The genus Psychrophila (which includes the
whiteflowered snow-bed species called Caltha in western
North America) occurs there. Several species are flound
in Australia and New Zealand. In general, the flora of
Tierra del Fuego is endemic South American, while the
greater number of species recorded there are historically
introduced weeds. The very small number of bipolar
species of vascular plants is indicative of their being
remnants of a more diverse flora in the past.

Until recently, the existence of bipolar species has often
been attributed to long-distance dispersal by birds. Now it
appears that these distribution patterns are more likely
explained by once-continuous distribution patterns that
have been disrupted by extinctions. This phenomenon,
called vicariance, has been beautifully described by
George Gibbs (2006) in his book on the biohistory of New
Zealand. The unique example of the survival, and later
evolution in place, of a genus, indicates the extreme
antiquity of some moss genera. Their survival is a result
of their genetic structures and methods by which they are
able to escape the pressures of natural selection through
great time periods. The scarcity of vicariads in the
vascular plants may indicate their lack of such survival
mechanisms. Their descendants survived by means of
preadaptation to changing ecologies. An interesting
connection Colorado has with Antarctica is that the first
professional botanist to set foot south of Latitude 60
degrees South was Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker,
surgeonbotanist to James Clark Ross’ British expedition
on the Erebus and Terror (1839-1843). He published five
moss species in his Flora Antarctica. In the summer of
1877 Hooker spent five days in Colorado with his friend
Asa Gray and discovered that Colorado has a significant

number of middle Asiatic mountain species. Hooker is
considered the ‘father’ of the science of biogeography.
Needless to say, I consider a visit to the Antarctic a fitting
climax to my wonderful life as a plant taxonomist.

References

Gibbs, George. 2006. Ghosts of Gondwana: The history of
life in New Zealand. 232 pp., illustr. Craig Potton Publishing.

Moore, David M. 1983. Flora of Tierra del Fuego. 396 p. 282
figs., 42 plates of maps. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Ochyra, Ryszard, Ronald L. Lewis Smith, and Halina
Bednarek-Ochyra. 2008. The Illustrated Moss Flora of
Antarctica. 685pp. ,42 color plates, 278 figs. Cambridge.

Ochyra, Ryszard, Halina Bednarek-Ochyra, & W. A. Weber.
2010. Discovery of Grimmia incrassicapsulis (Bryopsida,
Grimmiaceae) in Papua New Guinea. Nova Hedwigia (in
press, November 2010)

Weber, W. A. 2003. The Middle Asian Element in the
Southern Rocky Mountain Flora of the western United States:
a critical biogeographical review. J. of Biogeography 30: 649-
685.

Weber, W. A., & R. C. Wittmann. 2007. Bryophytes of
Colorado: Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. 231 pp.
Pilgrims Process. Santa Fe.

Weber, W. A., & R. C. Wittmann. 2010. Colorado Flora:
Eastern and Western Slopes. Fourth Edition. University
Press of Colorado (in press, spring 201 1 ).

Dr. William A. Weber is professor emeritus and former
curator of the University of Colorado Museum Herbarium.
He is recognized as the preeminent authority on the flora
of Colorado. His association with CoNPS goes back to its
founding, and he served as its first president. .

SCHEDULED WORKSHOPS

Edible and Poisonous Plants of Colorado

Tentative Date: Jan / Feb 201 1
Presenter: Brian Elliott, Botanist, Elliott Environmental
Consulting

Brian is the author of Handbook of the Edible and Poisonous
Plants of Western North America, published July, 2009.

Cacti of Colorado/Orchids of Colorado

Date: Feb. 5 - 6, 201 1
Presenter: Scott Smith, Botanist

This workshop will be split with the Saturday session
covering the family Cactaceae in Colorado. Sunday’s
workshop will change gears and focus on the family
Orchidaceae of Colorado.

Ferns of Colorado

Tentative Date: Spring 201 1
Presenter: Scott Smith, Botanist

Rushes of Colorado

Tentative Date: Spring 201 1

Presenter: Dr. Leo Bruederle and/or Guest Lecturer

COLORADO NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY

WORKSHOP REGISTRATION FORM

2009-2010

NAME

STREET

CITY STATE ZIP

PHONE: ( ) Home ( ) Work ( ) Cell - -

E-MAIL:

I am a member of CoNPS Yes No (If not, you must add the annual membership fee to your payment.)

Please register me for the following workshops at $25 per session.

Workshop title Session date Fee $

Workshop title Session date Fee $

Workshop title Session date Fee $

Workshop title Session date Fee $

Workshop title Session date Fee $

Total registration fee $

Membership fee* (if applicable) $

Total registration fee $

* MEMBERSHIP CLASS

Dues cover a 12-month period.

Individual ($20.00)

Family / dual ($30.00)

Senior (65+) ($12.00)

Student ($12.00)

Organization ($30.00)

Supporting ($50.00)

Lifetime ($300.00)

CHAPTER You are free to affiliate with any chapter you choose and to

attend the meetings of any chapter. Chapters do not have drawn
map boundaries; the locations below indicate the usual meeting
place of chapter meetings.

□ Boulder □ Metro-Denver □ Northern

fc Plateau 4 ;; Southeast

To encourage carpooling, are you willing to share your contact information with others in the same workshop?
Yes No

Mail registration form to: CoNPS, Linda Smith, 4057 Cottonwood Dr., Loveland CO, 80538

BOOK REVIEW

By Donald L. Hazlett

Yoon, Carol Kaesuk Yoon. Naming Nature: The Clash
between Instinct and Science. W. W. Norton &
Company, New York, NY, 2009.

Every decade or so a book comes along that helps us
better understand our biological connections with nature.
Carol Kaesuk Yoon, who earned her degree in ecology
and evolutionary biology from Cornell University, has
written one of these rare books.

Yoon effectively summarizes the development of modern
taxonomy. She begins at the hunter-and-gather stage
and explains how Linnaeus formalized a binomial system
of naming organisms. Yoon explains that a reason the
binomial system of nomenclature was so well received,
both then and now, is because it is based on instinctive,
folk taxonomies used by primitive societies for centuries!
She next lauds Darwin for creating the vision of how
taxonomic classifications could eventually be based on
“true” evolutionary relationships. Such an “omega”
taxonomic system is now approaching, thanks in large
part to molecular taxonomy. Yoon effectively summarizes
various attempts biologists have made at classification,
such as the use of numerical taxonomy and cladistics,
prior to molecular work.

The intriguing aspect of Yoon’s tracing of the history of
taxonomic classification is the role she attributes to
human umwelt. Umwelt is a German word that means
“the environment.” Animal behaviorists consider umwelt
as “the perceived world”, that which is sensed by an
animal. For example, we humans lack the umwelt of dogs
that enables a keen sense of smell and the umwelt of
bees that allows them to see ultraviolet. She convincingly
argues that among the “hard wired” or genetically
controlled human umwelt traits is one that allows us to
classify natural objects. She provides evidence of genetic
control of this umwelt with intriguing case studies of
people who have lost their ability to classify nature! She
also discusses the selective advantage of our umwelt or
instinctive tendency to classify nature. There is survival
value in knowing what plants can be eaten and which
animals are dangerous.

In regard to taxonomy, her point is that human umwelt
has long influenced our attempts to classify nature. Yoon
states: “Long before the umwelt ever birthed a science, it
has served for countless millennia as something much
more Important: humanity’s best and most intimate
connection to everything that lives.” Our instinctive

connection with nature has sorted taxonomists into
“lumpers” and “splitters”, each loyal to their brand of
unwelt. The variable classification opinions held by
taxonomists is the heart of the conflict referred to in the
title of the book: do we organize nature based on our
umwelt (nature) or based on objective data that indicates
evolutionary relationships (science)?

Many are slow at replacing older, umwelt- ridden plant
classification systems with new phylogenetic systems.
However, if our goal is to arrange entities based on
evolutionary relationships - a goal that would help
taxonomy become an hypothesis-driven science - many
of the proposed genus and family alignments in
systematics must be accepted. I must admit, however,
that when I see some new alignments, such as putting
hackberry ( Celtis ) in the marijuana family (Cannabaceae),
I respond with a human umwelt-bhven comment: “Why,
oh why? It sure looked like it was just fine in the
Ulmaceae!”

A Colorado example of the conflict between nature
( umwelt ) and science (molecular taxonomy) is the
classification of buffalo grass and blue grama. Most of us
place these grasses in different genera: Buchloe and
Bouteloua, respectively. Molecular data indicates these
important steppe grasses as closely related, both in the
Bouteloua genus. Again I ask myself if I should accept
the data based on evolutionary relationships and call
buffalo grass Bouteloua dactyloides or be true to my
umwelt (tempered in this case with time and tradition) and
maintain Buchloe as the buffalo grass genus? It is

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tempting and easy to maintain the status quo, nourish our
umwelt and to reject this realignment. Some argue that
because all DNA in both of these grasses has not yet
been sequenced, it is acceptable for our umwelt to
override molecular data. Can we reject scientific data
simply because it is contrary to our umwelt ? Another
example presented by Yoon, from higher taxonomic
ranks, is how molecular data has conflicted with our
umwelt in regard to the phylogenetic placement of fungi
as compared to plants and animals. Our umwelt tells us
that since fungi grow out of the ground, they must be
more like plants that animals - science tells us otherwise.

Other examples and aspects of umwelt are presented and
discussed by Yoon. As a final example, she indicates that
children can rapidly learn many new names for things.
She argues that this is thanks to their young umwelt. If
close to nature, children quickly learn plant and animal
names. However, if a child is not close to nature, they
may instead amaze adults by their ability to quickly learn
dinosaur names, professional sports team names or
roadside logos. In each case it is an umwelt or instinctive

ability to name things that is at work - especially among
children.

I have not been able to summarize all of the well-
presented arguments and aspects of the human umwelt
presented by Yoon. She even connects human apathy
toward biodiversity protection to umwelfi I try not to use
oxymorons, but I make an exception here and will call her
book an “instant classic”. I have put it on my book shelf
next to the very few other books that have also adjusted
my thinking about human nature: The Naked Ape by
Desmond Morris, Nature and Man’s Fate by Garrett
Hardin and Biophilia by Edward. O. Wilson. Yoon’s book
should be required reading for biologists and taxonomists,
especially those that instinctively curse modern
realignments of species entities into different genera or
families.

Don Hazlett is an Eth nobotany Research Associate with
the Denver Botanic Gardens. He is currently engaged in a
research to screen rare Colorado plants for alkaloids and
to document plants sold at Hispanic “botanicas” (herb
stores) in Colorado and in the Southwest.

CHAPTER ANNOUNCEMENTS

BOULDER CHAPTER

Boulder Chapter programs are held on the second
Thursday of each month (September through April) from
7:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. All meetings, except as noted, are
held at the Community Room at the Boulder REI Store at
1 789 28 th Street (between Canyon and Pearl). For more
information, please email Chapter President Elizabeth
Drozda-Freeman at elizabeth.wildflower(g)gmail. com or
call her at 303-586-1810. Please support zero waste:
bring your own cup and plate.

December 9, 2010

Darwin's "abominable mystery" and the search for the
first flowering plants

Dr. Ned Friedman

303-492-3082 (office), ned@colorado.edu

The talk will cover recent advances in the fossil record of
the oldest flowering plants, what the first flowering plants
may have looked like, where they "lived," and how they
reproduced (yes, there is sex in this story). Also, the
latest on the new taxonomy (phylogeny) of flowering
plants, and why, especially, Darwin was mystified and
baffled by the evolutionary origin of flowering plants.

Dr. Friedman is Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary
Biology at the University of Colorado. He was elected a
Fellow of the Linnean Society of London in 1995 and has
given more than 100 invited lectures around the world,
including a series of public lectures at Oxford University
(England) on the evolutionary history of life (1999).
Received the Pelton Award from the Botanical Society of
America for sustained and imaginative contributions to the
field of plant morphology (2004) - the highest
international honor in the discipline of plant morphology.
His research is focused on the evolution of plants - and
has been featured in Natural History Magazine,
Smithsonian Magazine, the New York Times, the
Christian Science Monitor, the London Daily Telegraph,
and other major public venues

January 13, 2011

CSU Extension and Boulder CoNPS Night!

Joel A. Reich, Boulder County Horticulture Extension
Agent, Colorado

Barbara Fahey, Boulder County Natural Resources
Extension Agent, Colorado

Sharon Bokan is the Small Acreage Coordinator with CSU
Extension, Boulder County

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Joel and Barbara will address:

How CoNPS members can engage with the Native Plant
Master Program

Joel and Barbara will give an overview of what NPM is,
where its roots lie, how the program has expanded rapidly
over the last several years, and, most importantly, the
opportunities for CoNPS members to share their expertise
with a new, enthusiastic audience.

Sharon Bokan will address:

Native Plants, Pastures and Disturbance

When a disturbance such as a wildfire happens, the plant
community in that area changes. In some cases, the
native plants that were suppressed increase but it is also
an opening for invasive plants to get a foothold. For many
landowners, if there’s a plant on their property that isn’t a
grass or it’s a grass whose growth habit they don’t like or
their animals won’t eat, it’s a weed. In this presentation,
we’ll talk about how invasives take advantage of
disturbance and how to discourage them. We’ll also talk
about native plants and their place in the pasture.

Barbara Fahey is a Natural Resources Extension Agent
for Colorado State University Extension. She is the
founder and State coordinator of the Colorado Native
Plant Master™ Program. She is the former administrator
of the Lookout Mountain Nature Center and has a passion
for teaching others about Colorado's flora.

Joel Reich is the C.S.U. Extension Horticulture Agent for
Boulder County. He manages the Boulder County Native
Plant Master program, as well as providing a variety of
educational and consulting services to members of the
Green Industry and gardeners throughout the Front
Range.

Sharon Bokan is the Small Acreage Coordinator with
CSU Extension, Boulder County. As part of her work, she
identifies “weeds” that clients bring in. At least 50% of the
time these “weeds" end up being native plants. Sharon
has the opportunity to talk to clients about controlling
invasive noxious weeds and native plants.

February 10, 2011

White Pine Blister Rust in High Mountain Ecosystems

Anna W. Schoettle, Ph.D.

(970) 498-1333, aschoettle@fs.fed. us

Dr. Anna Schoettle will provide an overview of the ecology
of these remarkable tree species and the factors that
threaten them. Both species are currently threatened by
a non-native pathogen (that causes the lethal disease
white pine blister rust), mountain pine beetle and climate

change. Anna will describe how these factors interact in
high mountain ecosystems and the program currently
underway to proactively increase the resiliency and
sustainability of limber pine and Rocky Mountain
bristlecone pine populations and ecosystems of the
Southern Rockies. Dr. Schoettle is a Research Plant
Ecophysiologist at the Rocky Mountain Research Station.

March 10, 2011

Sex and the single flower

Patrice Morrow, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus of Ecology,
Evolution and Behavior at the University of Minnesota,
Twin Cities.

Dr. Morrow will discuss the evolution of interactions
among sedentary plants which need to have pollen
moved to another plant and the bribes they offer to mobile
animals to move pollen to the right places.

Dr. Morrow has a doctorate from Stanford University, was
a Fulbright Fellow in Australia, a Guggenheim Fellow at
the University of Colorado at Boulder and is a Fellow of
the American Association for the Advancement of
Science. Her research examined the effects of
herbivorous insects on Eucalyptus forest composition in
Australia and the effects of plant community diversity on
insect movement in Minnesota prairies. She taught
Ecology, Plant/Animal Interactions and Environmental
Biology for many years at the University of Minnesota.
Mutually beneficial interactions such as pollination are
among her favorite topics and the subject of this talk.

April 14, 2011

Lichens: Diversity, Utility, and Their Inner World

Scott Bates, Ph.D., CIRES Visiting Fellow, Fierer
Laboratory, University of Colorado at Boulder
303-492-2099 scott.thomas.bates@gmail.com

Lichens (lichenized fungi) are fascinating symbiotic
“organisms”, which have traditionally been thought of as a
mutualistic relationship between a mycobiont (the fungus)
and a photobiant (green or “blue-green” algae). Recent
DNA research is showing, however, that the symbiosis
may also include bacteria. This “lifestyle” has been very
successful - so successful that lichens are known to
survive in some of the most extreme environments on
Earth (but they also do quite well in outer space). Locally,
they may be familiar to you - living on trees or rock
surfaces.

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With a wonderful variety in form and color, lichens are
quite beautiful to behold, but they have also been used for
many practical purposes - from ingredients of perfumes
to “biomonitors” of air pollution and forest “health”. In this
talk we will explore the exquisite beauty of lichen diversity
as well as many interesting stories from the lichenological
world. The talk will be presented by Dr. Scott Thomas
Bates, who is currently a visiting fellow at the University of
Colorado at Boulder, where he has been investigating
lichen-associated bacteria. In his spare time, Scott
continues to document the diversity of Southwestern
fungi on the Checklist of Arizona Fungi, Lichens, and
Slime Molds website (www.azfungi.org/checklist).

Photo by Bob Henry

METRO-DENVER CHAPTER

Monthly meetings of the Metro-Denver Chapter are
typically held on the fourth Tuesday of the month
(September through May, except November). The chapter
is changing its meeting location to the Denver Botanic
Gardens for the 2010-2011 year. For more information,
visit www.conps.org or contact Jannette Wesley (303)
969-2131 (daytime) or (303) 985-5299 (evenings).

Metro Denver Chapter Meetings 2010 - 2011

November 30, 2010,7 PM

“History and Future of the USD A NRCS Plant

Materials Program”

Presenter: Christine Taliga, Plant Materials Specialist
Location: Denver Botanic Gardens, Plant Society Building

Christine Taliga’s talk is about the United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS), Plant Materials Program,
formerly known as the Soil Conservation Service. The talk
will include an overview of some of current research
efforts and review the history and the future outlook for
the agency.

Christine Taliga, received her B.S. in environmental
science with a minor in botany from the University of
Iowa. She began her career with NRCS and Conservation
Districts in Iowa in 1991, where she has held various
technical positions and was elected as Soil and Water
Conservation Commissioner (1996-2001).

Her professional experience also includes consulting as
restoration plant ecologist through which she conducted
plant inventories, planned and implemented wetland
mitigation plans, native restoration plans and monitoring
protocols, as well as, prescribed burns for hire (the first
such program in Iowa). She has also held appointments
at the University of Iowa as research botanist,
greenhouse manager and teaching assistant for several
botany courses. She also served as treasurer and
secretary for the Iowa Native Plant Society from 2005 to
2010 .

January 25, 2011,7:00 PM

“The Historic Role of Fire in Forest and Grassland
Ecosystems”

Presenter: Tom L. Thompson, Forester

Location: Denver Botanic Gardens, Plant Society Building

Tom L. Thompson is a forester and the past president of
the Society of American Foresters. He will speak about
the historic role of fire in ecosystems and particularly
focus on the historic understanding and use of fire in
managing forests and grasslands. He will discuss the
challenges of using fire today, especially those caused by
excessive fuel buildup, insect and disease mortality, shifts
in climate, and interface with human development.

Mr. Thompson recently retired as Deputy Chief of the U.S.
Forest Service in Washington, D.C.; he also served
Deputy Regional Forester in the Rocky Mtn. Region from
1989-2001. A native of Colorado, he was with the Forest
Service for 37 years and is a graduate of Colorado State
University.

February 22, 2011, 7 PM

“Clear Cutting at Roxborough State Park: Monitoring
Re-growth”

Presenter: Vickey Trammel, Biologist
Location: Denver Botanic Gardens, Plant Society Building
Vickey Trammel will present the results of her 2 year field
study at Roxborough State Park. She organized 20
volunteers to monitor 50 meter square plots on a two acre
clear cut site. The park clear cut the site as part of a fuels
mitigation effort. The citizen scientists watched each site
to record their observations on the presence of plant
species, percentage cover to soil temp, and to gather data
on the soil moisture and soil temperature. Vickey will
report on the research conducted on the site as well as
her efforts to involve volunteers in this ongoing research
project.

Vickey Trammel is past president of the Metro Denver
Chapter of the Colorado Native Plant Society. She
recently retired from teaching biology at Arapahoe
Community College.

Page | 9

March 22, 2011,7 PM
“Propagating Penstemons ”

Presenter: Bob McFarline, President of the American
Penstemon Society

Location: Denver Botanic Gardens, Plant Society Building

There are over 275 recognized species of penstemon,
and all of them are native to North American from Alaska
down to Guatemala. A large majority of these plants are
quite garden worthy and the list seems to grow annually.
Most species are propagated from seed because it is so
easy. However, most do quite well from cuttings. In fact,
most of the hybrids must be propagated vegetatively in
order for the plant characteristics to be accurately
reproduced.

There are a large number of variables to consider when
propagating different species of penstemon. The talk will
cover the author's experience in treating the various items
such as gathering seed in the wild, gathering seed in the
garden, seed life, stratification, soaking seed, planting soil
mixture, germination times, sunlight effect of seedlings,
watering, relative ease of propagating by species, etc.

Bob is retired from a long career in engineering and
software management. He attended Stanford University
and worked in California, Saudi Arabia and Colorado. He
became interested in plants in general and Penstemon in
particular after his retirement in 1992. He is a longtime
member of the American Penstemon Society and is
currently serving as President. He, along with Hugh
MacMillan, is a founder of the Eriogonum Society which
was established in 2009.

April 26, 2011,7 PM
Gardening with Native Plants

Presenter: Susan Smith

Location: Denver Botanic Gardens, Plant Society Building
Details forthcoming.

NEWSLETTER AVAILABLE
BY E-MAIL

Do you know that Aquilegia is available
electronically? You could receive your issue
of Aquilegia by e-mail. This saves the
Society postage costs as well as paper and
printing costs. Please request your change
from paper with Eric Lane via e-mail at
ericmlane@yahoo. com or call him at 303-
239-4182. Be sure to include your e-mail
address.

NORTHERN COLORADO CHAPTER

Except as noted, Chapter meetings are held on the first
Wednesday of the month (October through April) at 7:00 PM,
at the Gardens on Spring Creek, 2145 Centre Ave., Fort
Collins. Prior to meetings, members are invited to meet at
5:30 PM for dinner with the speaker at Cafe Vino, 1200 S.
College Avenue. If you would like to join us for dinner, please
contact Chapter President Pam Smith at 970-223-3453 or
pamelas4824@earthlink. net.

NORTHERN CHAPTER PROGRAMS

Wednesday, December 1, 2010, 7 PM

“Effect of Climate Change on Grasshoppers of the

Southern Rocky Mountains”

Presenter: Dr. Cesar Nufio, Professional Research
Associate, Univ. of Colorado Museum of Natural History

Wednesday, January 5, 2010, 7 PM
“Colorado Wildflowers”

Presenters: Tim and Ann Henson

In the depth of winter, we need to remember how
beautiful plants flower every year. This photography
show covers most of the ecosystems across Colorado.
We might say it's just a bunch of pretty pictures for your
enjoyment!

Tim and Ann Henson have been observing and caring for
native plants of Colorado for more than 40 years. Ann
worked in agriculture conducting weed control research.
Tim taught biology and geology in the Longmont area.
Now retired, Tim has taken his photography to new levels
and watches birds. Ann spends time teaching in the
Native Plant Master ™ program and learning about
lichens. They volunteer for CoNPS, Colorado Natural
Areas Program, Wildlands Restoration Volunteers, and
Rare Plant Monitoring.

Wednesday, February 2 - To Be Announced

Wednesday, March 02 2011, 7 PM
Re-Discovery of Haptanthus hazlettiii, and
Alkaloid Study at Denver Botanic Gardens

Presenter: Dr. Donald L. Hazlett, Ethnobotanist, New
World Plants, Pierce CO

Wednesday, April 6, 2011, 7 PM
“Dirt for Dummies”

Presenter: Dr. Kari Sever, Soil Scientist,

May 2011,7 PM

Joint meeting with the Audubon Society - topic and
date to be announced

PLATEAU CHAPTER

Chapter activities are scheduled throughout the year. For
more information, visit www.conps.org or contact Chapter
President Gay Austin at austinaceae@frontier.net or 970-
641-6244

SOUTHEAST CHAPTER

Activities of the Southeast Chapter are scheduled
throughout the year and include field trips and meetings.
Regular chapter meetings (always with an educational
focus) will begin in October in both Pueblo and Colorado
Springs. Those wishing more information can e-mail us as
SEtrips@gmail.com and we will add you to our distribution
list.

Following is a report from the Southeast Chapter on their
activities in support of the Society’s dual mission of
education and conservation.

(Mentzelia) chrysantha, the Pueblo Goldenweed,
Oonopsis puebloensis, and the Round-leaf Four-o’clock,
Oxybaphus (Mirabilis) rotundifolia. Other rare species
include the dwarf milkweed, Asclepias uncialis and the
Alpine Feverfew, Parthenium (Bolophyta) tetraneuris.

In collaboration with the state’s Colorado Natural Areas
Program - Resource Stewardship section, the southeast
Chapter has embarked on two new conservation
initiatives to monitor these rare plant species in their
native habitats. We will be collecting information
throughout the year from designated sites around Lake
Pueblo State Park and its adjacent State Wildlife Areas.

In addition, along with the Wildlands Restoration
Volunteers organization, we are also participating in
restoration efforts in the Garden Park area near Canon
City by collecting and processing native plant seeds.

For more information on these SE Chapter conservation
volunteer opportunities, please contact Michele Bobyn at
mbobyn@hotmail.com.

Educational mission. -- The Southeast Chapter offered
18 successful field trips and classes during the 2010
growing season.

Field trips included ecosystems ranging from the “Birds
and Botany” along Trout Creek, Teller County to the
shortgrass prairie and canyons encountered in a “Descent
to the Purgatory” in Otero County, and many habitats and
species in between.

Classes included subjects such as “Essential Botany,” our
annual “Grass I.D. Workshop” (in cooperation with CSU
Extension - Pueblo, and the NRCS), botanical
photography, and “How to Use a Botanical Key.”

The Southeast Chapter also helped support and promote
the opening of the “Rare Imperiled Plants of Colorado” art
exhibit presented by the Rocky Mountain Society of
Botanical Artists. The exhibit is designed to educate the
public and to encourage conservation of Colorado’s rare
botanic species and their habitats.

For information on future SE Chapter educational
opportunities and field trips, please contact Ed Roland,
edwardrroland@gmail.com.

Conservation mission. -- The Arkansas River valley is
one of the top five hotspots for plant biodiversity in
Colorado. In particular, the areas around Lake Pueblo
Reservoir have four plant species that are endemic to
Colorado: the Arkansas Valley Evening Primrose,
Oenetheria harringtonia, the Golden Blazing Star, Nuttalia

An untitled poem from the journal of Henry David Thoreau
(September 1850) - Editor

I saw a delicate flower had grown up two feet high
Between the horses’ path and the wheel-track,
which Dakin’s and Maynard’s wagons had
Passed over many a time.

An inch more to the right or left hand had sealed its
fate,

Or an inch higher. And yet it lived and flourished
As much as if it had a thousand acres
Of untrodden space around it, and never
Knew the danger it incurred.

It did not borrow trouble nor invite an
Evil fate by apprehending it,

For though the distant market-wagon

Every other day inevitably rolled

This way, it just as inevitably rolled

In those ruts. And the same

Charioteer who steered the flower

Upward guided the horse and cart aside from it.

There were other flowers which you would say
Incurred less danger, grew more out of the way,

Which no cart rattled near, no walker daily passed,

But at length one rambling deviously -
For no rut restrained - plucked them,

And then it appeared that they stood
Directly in his way, though he had come
From farther than the market-wagon.

And then it appeared that this brave flower which
grew between the wheel and horse did actually stand
farther out of the way than that which stood in the wide
prairie where the man of science plucked it.

Henry David Thoreau, Journal (Bradford Torrey, ed.)

The Writings of Henry David Thoreau
The Riverside Press, 1906

2010 PLANT CONSERVATION AWARDS
COLORADO RARE PLANT CONSERVATION INITIATIVE

The Colorado Rare Plant Conservation Initiative (RPCI) is
a partnership of 23 federal and state agencies, private
organizations-including the CO Native Plant Society, and
academic institutions working together to conserve
Colorado’s most imperiled plants and their habitats. Last
year, it completed the first-ever statewide Rare Plant
Conservation Strategy to direct and coordinate plant
conservation efforts in Colorado, and is now implementing
the strategy.

In 2008, RPCI started annual Plant Conservation Awards
to recognize/honor individuals who are making
outstanding contributions towards protecting Colorado’s
imperiled plants. This year, the RPCI would like to
recognize 5 individuals who have made outstanding
contributions to rare plant conservation in Colorado:

Carol Till, Rocky Mountain Society of Botanical
Artists, for

• coordinating the traveling RARE Imperiled Plants
of Colorado Art Exhibit in Denver, Steamboat
Springs, Durango and Manitou Springs,

• working tirelessly to promote the conservation of
our rare flora to the public and the artist
community-a new audience and partner of the
RPCI.

• working with the artists, museums, botanists and
the local chapters of the CoNPS to spread the
word about the importance of our imperiled plants
through the exhibit, note cards, T-shirts, prints,
and the RARE Imperiled Plants of Colorado
catalogue (2009) with the Denver Botanic
Gardens, and

• generously donating her time, artwork, and
funding to help the RPCI cause.

Mo Ewing, Rare Plant Monitoring Steward, Volunteer,
Denver Botanic Gardens and the Colorado Natural
Areas Program.

• CNAP and DBG have held 6 Rare Plant
Monitoring Program trainings over the past 4
years, training over 50 people. Volunteers have
donated more than 750 hours. This year we

would like to honor Mo Ewing, who contributed
over 200 hours in 2010.

• Mo has conducted ecological niche modeling for
Brandegee buckwheat ( Eriogonum brandegeei)
to help better understand the species’ distribution
and habitat requirements. He also conducted
field work to ground-truth the model.

• Mo assisted CNAP with the monitoring of the
Parachute penstemon ( Penstemon debilis),
collecting long-term data to help inform
conservation action.

• Mo served as a volunteer steward of the Yanks
Gulch ACEC and Natural Area in the Piceance
Basin and has helped to update CNHP data
based on field inventories.

• With the many threats facing sensitive species in
Colorado (i.e., oil and gas exploration,
development, climate change), the ability to
increase our data collection provides exponential
benefits to land managers.

Mo Ewing receives award from Jennifer Ramp Neale

Photo by Bob Henry

Photo by Bob Henry

Gina Glenne, Ellen Mayo and Collin Ewing, U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, Grand Junction

This dynamic team of botanists is recognized for
advancing plant conservation in Colorado by:

• establishing collaborative projects to study and
protect Colorado’s federally listed plants;

• acquiring funds for conservation research and
action on our listed or proposed plants;

• developing, updating, and working to implement
recovery plans for listed species;

• completing the listing proposal for the three
imperiled plants in Colorado — Parachute
penstemon (Penstemon debilis), DeBeque
phacelia (Phacelia submutica), and Pagosa
skyrocket (Ipomopsis polyantha) - all candidates
for ESA protection for over 20 years; and

• working to reduce impacts of oil and gas
development on imperiled plants of the West
Slope, particularly in the Piceance Basin and
Roan Plateau.

Awards were presented on Saturday, Sept. 11, 2010 at
the CO Native Plant Society Annual Meeting in Denver.

REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS

THE JOHN W. MARR AND MYRNA P. STEINKAMP FUNDS

The Colorado Native Plant Society supports research
projects in plant biology from the John W. Marr and Myrna
P. Steinkamp funds. These separate funds honor the late
Dr. John Marr, Professor at the University of Colorado
and the first President of the CON PS, and Myrna
Steinkamp, a founding member of CONPS who worked
on behalf of the Society for many years in a variety of
capacities. Both funds were established to support
research on the biology and natural history of Colorado
native plants by means of small grants. The Steinkamp
Fund targets rare species and those of conservation
concern. Both field and laboratory studies are eligible for
funding. Thanks to the generous contributions of many
members and supporters, a total of nearly $3,000 is

available, although individual awards will not exceed
$1,000. Recipients of the awards must agree to
summarize their studies for publication in Aquilegia.

The Board of Directors is now soliciting proposals for a
February 15, 2011 deadline. Information on guidelines
and requirements for proposals may be obtained by
visiting our web site at http://www.conps.
org/research_grants.html. If your questions are not
answered by our web site, you may contact Board
member Jan Loechell Turner by e-mail at
jlturner@regis.edu or by phone at 303-458-4262.

Page | 13

AQUILEGIA

Newsletter of the Colorado Native Plant Society

Articles from Aquilegia may be used by other native plant
societies or non-profit groups, if fully cited to author and
attributed to Aquilegia.

Aquilegia is the newsletter of the Colorado Native Plant
Society, and is available to members of the Society and to
others with an interest in native plants. Four regular
issues are published each year, plus a special issue for
the annual Society meeting held in September

Announcements, news, articles, book reviews, poems,
botanical illustrations, and other contributions should be
sent to the editor at bh.prairieink@gmail.com, who can
provide editorial guidelines.

All contributions are subject to editing for brevity and
consistency, with final approval of material changes by
the author.

Please direct questions or comments regarding the
newsletter to the editor at bh.prairieink@gmail.com.

Deadlines

Submissions to Aquilegia are accepted throughout the
year, although deadlines for publication are:

February 15 (Spring issue, published March 1)

April 15 (Summer issue, published May 15)

June 15 (Annual Meeting issue, published July 15)

July 15 (Fall issue, published Aug. 15)

October 15 (Winter issue, published November 15)

MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION AND RENEWAL FORM

Name(s)

Address

City State Zip

Phone - - E-mail

CHAPTER You are free to affiliate with any chapter you choose and to

attend the meetings of any chapter. Chapters do not have drawn
map boundaries; the locations below indicate the usual meeting
place of chapter meetings.

□ Boulder □ Metro-Denver □ Northern

□ Plateau □ Southeast

MEMBERSHIP CLASS

Dues cover a 12- month period.

Individual ($20.00)

Family /dual ($30.00)

Senior (65+) ($12.00)

Student ($12.00)

Organization ($30.00)
Supporting ($50.00)

Lifetime ($300.00)

OPTIONAL E-MAIL DELIVERY OF Aquilegia

Many members prefer to receive the newsletter electronically via e-mail, and this saves the Society considerable printing and
postage expense. If you would like to receive the newsletter by e-mail, please check this box and provide your e-mail address
above.

□ Please deliver Aquilegia electronically to the above e-mail address.

DONATION $ General Fund

Endowments in support of small grants-in-aid of research:

$ John Marr Fund: research on the biology and natural history of Colorado native plants.

$ Myrna P. Steinkamp Memorial Fund: research and other activities to benefit

the rare plants of Colorado

Mail to: Eric Lane, P.O. Box 200, Fort Collins, CO 80522

Please make checks payable to “Colorado Native Plant Society”
Dues and contributions are tax-deductible.

Page | 14

Colorado Native Plant Society

The Colorado Native Plant Society is a non-profit organization dedicated to the appreciation and conservation of the Colorado
native flora. Membership is open to all with an interest in our native plants, and is composed of plant enthusiasts both professional and
non-professional.

Please join us in helping to encourage interest in enjoying and protecting Colorado’s native plants. The Society sponsors field trips ,
workshops, and other activities through local chapters and statewide. Contact the Society, a chapter representative, or committee chair
for more information.

Name

E-mail Address Telephone

OFFICERS

President

Crystal Strouse

csnativeplants@gmail.com

970-402-6385

Vice President

Bernadette Kuhn

Bernadettekunhconps@gmail.com

970-947-9045

Treasurer

Mo Ewing

moewing@q.com

303-584-8925

Secretary

Nan Daniels

nahada@msn.com

970-461-0498

Admin. Assistant

Linda Smith

conpsoffice@aol.com

970-663-4085

CHAPTER

Boulder

Pam Sherman

boulderconps@gmail.com

303-970-9997

PRESIDENTS

Northern Colorado
Metro-Denver

Pam Smith

Jannette Wesley

pamelas4824@earthlink.net

metrodenverconps@gmail.com

970-223-3453

Plateau

Gay Austin

austinaceae@frontier.net

970-641-6264

Southeast

Michelle Bobyn

mbobyn@hotmail.com

719-253-2022

BOARD OF

Director

Carol English (‘12)

grownative@msn.com

303-697-3349

DIRECTORS

(expiration of term)

Catherine Kleier (‘10)

ckleier@regis.edu

303-817-6814

Brian Kurzel (‘10)

brian.kurzel@state.co.us

303-866-3203 ext. 4301

Jenny Neale (‘10)

nealejr@gmail.com

720-865-3562

Robert Powell (‘11)

robertlpowell@durango.net

970-385-8949

Jan Turner (‘12)

jlturner@regis.edu

303-458-4262

Charlie Turner (‘11)

turner@ rabbitbrushpublishing.com

720-497-1093

Steve Yarbrough (‘11)

steveandkenna@msn.com

303-233-6345

STANDING

Conservation

Tom Grant

metag3@gmail.com

720-530-5290

COMMITTEES

Education and

Outreach

Megan Bowes

bowesm@bouldercolorado.gov

303-561-4883

Field Studies

Steve Popovich

stevepopovich@hotmail.com

970-295-6641

Field Trips

Brian Kurzel

brian.kurzel@state.co.us

303-866-3203 ext. 4301

Horticulture and
Restoration

Megan Bowes

bowesm@bouldercolorado.gov

303-561-4883

Media

Boyce Drummond

bdrummond3@msn.com

970-690-7455

Membership

Eric Lane

eric.lane@ag.state.co.us

303-239-4182

Research Grants

Jan Turner

jlturner@regis.edu

303-458-4262

Sales

Linda Smith

conpsoffice@aol.com

719-574-6250

Workshops

Steve Yarbrough

steveandkenna@msn.com

303-233-6345

COMMUNICATION

Editor, Aquilegia

Bob Henry

bh.prairieink@gmail.com

307-640-1856

Webmaster

Website Editor

Yongli Zhou

Linda Smith

Yongli.Zhou@ColoState.edu

conpsoffice@aol.com

970-988-3731

Page | 15

& A

Sp. Colorado Native Plant Society

P.O. Box 200

Fort Collins, Colorado 80522
http://www.conps.org

CALENDAR 2010-2011

BOARD MEETINGS

BOULDER CHAPTER

February 5

Board Meeting, location to be determined

December 9

Darwin’s “abominable mystery” and the search for

April 23

Board Meeting, location to be determined

the first flowering plants

October 22

Board Meeting, location to be determined

January 13

CSU Extension and Boulder CoNPS Night!

February 1 0

White Pine Blister Rust in High Mountain Ecosystems

WORKSHOPS

March 10

Sex and the single flower

Jan / Feb

Edible and Poisonous Plants of Colorado

April 14

Lichens: Diversity, Utility, and Their Inner World

February 5-6
Spring

Cacti of Colorado / Orchids of Colorado

Ferns of Colorado

METRO-DENVER CHAPTER

Spring

Rushes of Colorado

November 30

History and Future of the NRCS Plant Materials Program

January 25

Historic Role of Fire in Forest and Grassland cosystems

February 22

Clear Cutting at Roxborough State Park

March 22

Propagating Penstemons

April 26

Gardening with Native Plants

NORTHERN CHAPTER

December 1

Effect of Climate Change on Grasshoppers of the

Southern Rocky Mountains

January 5

Colorado Wildflowers

February TBD Joint Meeting with the Audubon Society

March 2

Re-Discovery of Haptanthus hazlettii

April 6

Dirt for Dummies

May 4

To Be Announced

Page | 16