r M;-/) i • i i i / { | M mi i h ARBUSTRUM AMERICANUM : ^ v _ i i mi mixij I in— BTfi^pr ' THE ' ' ■ AMERICAN GROVE, O R, A N ALPHABETICAL CATALOGUE O F FOREST TREES and SHRUBS , NATIVES OF THE AMERICAN UNITED STATES, ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE LINKS AN SYSTEM. CONTAINING, The particular diftinguifliing Characters of each Genus, with plain, Ample and familiar Defcriptions of the Maimer of Growth , Appearance , of their feveral Species and Varieties. ALSO, SOME HINTS OF TIIEIR USES IN MEDICINE, DYES, and DOMESTIC OECONOMY. COMPILED FROM ACTUAL KNOWLEDGE AND OBSERVATION, AND THE ASSISTANCE OF BOTANICAL AUTHORS, By HUMPHRY MARSHALL. PHI LADELPHIA : PRINTED BY JOSEPH CRUKSHANK, IN MARKET-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD-STREETS. jM, o. M Dec LXXXV. til vn.yuvi^ T O BEN J AMIN FRANKLIN, Esquire, PRESIDENT, » Vice-Prejidents, JOHN EWING, D. D. WILLIAM WHITE, D. D. and SAMUEL VAUGHAN, EfquireJ AND TO THE OTHER MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, THIS ALPHABETICAL CATALOGUE OF THE FOREST TREES and SHRUBS, NATIVES of the AMERICAN UNITED STATES, IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED"1 By the Author. ■0 ;:;r f > r ; ' ! \ I >; 'i i : i t t I ■ * ■: ■> i ; i . >; . Hr* / , ? . 2, ' i ^ \ : : • f - I £v-: . v a .-c ; i r ' / l n v ■ 21 U 00; 1 'AT. AO JAOri ■ Jt H /i! 1 j ' . / HO' a*AJ ; '■ ' 1 A, I £•??'' f?T V* INTRODUCTION. WHEN we take a furvey of Mankind in general, and of the feveral requi- fites by which life is rendered comfortable and defirable, the productions of the Vege- table Kingdom are amongft the foremoft ; as affording the principal neceffaries, conveni- encies, and luxuries of life. It is in this view, that the Science of Botany, or that branch of natural Hiftory which teaches the right knowledge of Vegetables, and their application to the moft beneficial ufes, is an objedt which not only merits the attention and encouragement of every patriotic and liberal mind, but undoubtedly deferves a place amongft the firft of ufeful purfuits. That it is an ohjecft highly deferving the at- tention of Mankind in general, cannot be denied ; but in a particular manner of the inhabitants of this Commonwealth, the author wifhes to make appear more obvious. Thofe who are converfant in trade well know the continual enormous expence we are at in purchaiing foreign Teas, Drugs, Dye- fluffs, &c. The diminution of this, ought to be the care and concern of every friend to his Coun- try’s welfare. And we prefume it will appear evident, that the moft eligible and obvious means ( vi ) means of obtaining this defirable objed, will be by a proper attention and application to Horticulture and Botany. In this view, the following conliderations more particularly prefent themfelves. I. The introduction and cultivation of foreign ufeful and valuable plants . Our extent of ter- ritory, our diverfity of Climate, of Soil, and of Stuation, leaves not a doubt but that we might introduce and cultivate to advantage, many of the fame articles, whofe importation at this time, is to us, a conliderable expence. The The a viridis Sc bohea , the true green and bohea Tea plant, formerly accounted different Ipecies, but now known to be the fame, and one of the greateft drainers of our wealth; may be procured either from its native place of growth, or from Europe where it has be- come pretty common ; and we have every rea- fon to believe, from its being the fpontaneous produce of the fame parallel of latitude, and from other conliderations refpeding its na- tural hiftory, that it might thrive well in our Southern .States . In this fame view the Vine, the Almond Tree, Fig Tree, Liquorice, Mad- der and Rhubarb, defervedly require our atten- tion. Many other * foreign ufeful plants might be enumerated, and the advantages that may be derived to this Commonwealth from their introduction, encreafe and culture, mull appear fufficiently obvious. * See Tranfa&iohs of the American Philofophical Society, Vol. I. Page 155, ' OS! ( vii ) II. The dif covering the qualities and ufes of our own native Vegetable productions , and applying them to the mqfl ufeful purpofes. Our extent of luxuriant unexplored territory, is an object which here in a particular manner occurs re- plete with promifing advantages. Our being able to difcover a plant of equal general ufage with the Potatoe , Tobacco , or Gin) eng ; or good fubftitutes for Tea, Coffee and Peruvian Bark ; would be advantages furpaffing all adequate eftimation. It is true, we may gain by tedious experi- ence, or ftumble by chance upon many ufeful difcoveries reflecting the ufes and medicinal virtues of plants, but it is from our obferva- tions and refearches founded upon, and di- rected by, a knowledge of Botany , that we can alone hope for certain fuccefs. From the writings of the celebrated Linn^us this gene- ral rule is fufficiently eftablifhed ; that plants of the fame habit and appearance, and thofe which agree in the difpofition of their flowers and fruit, have likewife fimilar virtues and properties. From this obfervation we deduce an obvious inference ; that the more general knowledge we obtain of the characters and appearance of plants, the more likely we fhall be alfo to encreafe our knowledge of their vir- tues, qualities and ufes. This fubjeCt has been much urged and long dwelt upon from a conviction of its impor- tance and promifing advantages : the author, influenced by thefe conflderations, and from a belief ( viii ) a belief that it might contribute in fome de- gree to render a knowledge of this fubjeCt more familiar and eafy, has been induced to draw up this Alphabetical Catalogue of the Foreft Trees and Shrubs, natives of the Ame- rican United States, as mentioned by the belt authors, or fince difcovered by ingenious tra- vellers. In this Catalogue are contained their Linnasan Generic and trivial names, (or new formed ones where thefe have been wanting) together with their mod common and approv- ed Englifh ones ; the particular diftinguifhing characters of each Genus ; a plain and fami- liar defcription of the appearance, manner of growth, &c. of their feveral fpecies and va- rieties ; and alfo, fome hints of their native foil and fituation, ufes in Medicine, as Dyes and in dome ft! c oeconomy. As terms peculiar to the fcience frequently and unavoidably occur, it was judged nec el- fary, in order to render the vrork more ufeful a.nd complete, to prefix a general explanation of the Linnsean fyftem of arrangement, as alfo of the ufeful and unavoidable fcientific terms; for this and other purpofes the author has availed himfelf from the bed writers, of what has been judged mod applicable and conducive to his defign. The vrhole forming an ufeful Vademecum Botanicum , or Botanical Companion. In this my Countrymen are prefented at one view with a concife defcription of their own native Fored Trees and Shrubs, as far as hi- therto difcovered. And thofe whofe fancy may ( °1X ) may lead to this delightful fcience, may by a little application, from hence be enabled fcien- tifically to examine and arrange, not only thofe of the fhrubby, but the feveral and various fpecies of the herbaceous clafs. The foreigner , curious in American collections, will be here- by better enabled to make a feledion fui table to his own particular fancy. If he wifhes to cultivate timber for ceconomical purpofes, he is here informed of our valuable Foreft Trees: if for adorning his plantation or garden of our different ornamental flowering fhrubs, The author would have been happy, could he have given alfo a defcriptive Catalogue of our native herbaceous plants. At prefent, circumftances oblige him to confine himfelf to Foreft Trees and Shrubs ; however he has fuch a work in contemplation fliould this meet with the encouragement of the public. He is well aware that many improvements might have been made, with regard to the form and manner of defcription, as well as by the addition of Synonyms, Notes of re- ference, &c. but, upon reflecting that the ge- nerality of his Readers would have been more embarraffed and confufed than profited there- by, he was determined to ufe the mod plain and familiar method and language, in order to render the work as generally ufeful as pofTi- ble; this being the chief "end and defign of the undertaking. b A View ( * ) A View of the Twenty four Gaffes of the Sexual System of Linnaeus, with their Names and Cha« ratters; alfo the Number and Explanation of Orders contained in each . Number Their Names and Number of the Characters. of Orders Clajfcs. in each. 1. MONANDRIA. One fertile llamen having the Anther a, 2. DIANDRIA. Two fruitful Stamina or male parts. 3. TRIANDRIA. 7 Three ditto. J3 4. TETRANDRIA. 1 Four ditto, all of equal \ length, by which it is ^3 diflinguifhed from the I fourteenth clafs. J f l 5. PENTANDRIA. Five ditto. 6. HEXANDRIA. "\ fi. Six ditto, all of equal | 1 2. length, by which this ^5 ^ 3. is diftinguifhed from j I 4. the fixteenth clafs. J L5. 7. HEPTANDRIA. Seven ditto. S. OCTANDRIAo Eight ditto. 9. t ENNEANDRIA. Nine ditto. Their Names , exprcjfive of the Number of Female | Parts or Styles. Monogynia, 1 Digynia, - - - z Monogynia, - - 1 Digynia, - - - 2 Tngynia, - - 3 Monogynia, - - 1 Digynia, - - 2 Trigynia, - - 3 Monogynia, - - 1 Digynia, - - - 2 Tetragynia, 4 Monogynia, •- - 1 Digynia, - - -2 Triginia, 3 . Tetragynia, - - 4 . Pentagynia, 3 Polygynia, - - many Monogynia, - - j Digynia, - - - - z Tngynia, - - 3 Tetragynia, - 4 Polygynia, - - many Monogynia,> - - 1 Digynia, - 2 Tetragynia-, - “4 Heptagynia, » 7 Monogynia, - - 1 Digynia, 2 Trigynia, - 3. Tetragynia, - 4 Monogynia, 1 Trigynia, - 2 Hexagynia, - - 6 10. DECAN- ( » ) Number of the Clajfes . Their Names and Char afters. 10. DECANDRIA, Ten ditto. Number of Orders in each. fl. Z. IS- A- S' (> si. DODECANDRIA. } | z' From eleven to nineteen C 6 Stamina, inclufive. j J Id il. ICOSANDRIA. "1 Twenty ftamina and up- wards (fometimes few- er) affixed to the inner iide of the Corolla or p calyx and not to the ^ 5 T heir Names, exprefftve of ^ the Number of Female § Parts or Styles. Monogynia, Digynia, Trigynia, Pentagynia, Decagynia, Monogynia, Digynia, Trigynia Pentagynia, Otlagynia, Dodecagynia, i - z 3 5 10 1 - z 3 5 8 iz receptacle; the corol- | la is fattened to the in- | ner iide of the calyx, 1 which is concave and | of one leaf. 33. POLYANDRIA. 1 From fifteen to one thou- j fand ftamina, which are fattened to the 1 receptacle. It differs from the Icofandria in the calyx and the in- fertion of the Stamina and Coroila. 14. DIDYNAMIA. Four Stamina: the two next to one another ihorter than the other two ; one ftyle and an . uneven Corolla. J 15. TETRAD YNAMIA. 1 Six Stamina, tapering and ereft: the two oppofite I as long as the calyx, ^ z the other four a little longer; four even pe- J tills, J n- I a. < 3- 14° 15- it \l: 17- Monogynia, Digynia, Tngyma, Pentagynia, Polygynia, Monogynia, Digynia, Trigynia, Tetragynia, Pentagynia, Hexagynia, Polygynia, 1 - % 3 5 - many - 1 z - 3 4 ■ 1 many T heir Names exprejfive of the difpofition of their Seeds • . Gymnofpermia — Seeds naked in the calyx. . Angiofpermia— — Seeds covered in a feed-vefteh ’1. Siliculofa— Seeds in fmali fhort pods. 2. Siliquofa— Seeds in long . flender pods. 16. MONA' ( xii ) fr. Pentandria, S 2. Decandria, - Endecandria, «- - - 10 1 3- 11 i 4- Dodecandria, - 22 15- Polyandria, - - many Number Their Names and Number Their Names chiefly expref- % of the Characters. of Orders five of the Number of | ClaJJes. in each. Male Parts or Stamina. ^ 26. MONADELPHIA. ~j A Perianthium , perma- ' nent, often double ; five petals. The fila- t ments all joined in one ; parcel below, but not j above ; ihe external | fhorteft. J 37. DIADELPHIA. ") The filaments all joined below in two parcels, one Ample the other nine-cleft. A perian- thium of one leaf, bell- f 3 fhaped and falling-off. ‘ The Corolla always but- ter-fly-fhaped and un- even. J *$. POLYADELPHIA. The filaments united be- ( low into three or more C * diftinft parcels. J Hexandria, OCtandria, - Decandria, Pentandria, Icofandria, Polyandria, 6 - 8 10 5 20 many 39. SYNGENESIA. The Stamina joined by their Anthem (rarely by their filaments) in form of a cylinder. S f 1. Polygamia AEqualis— — Equal Polygamy. The flo- rets all hermaphrodite. Polygamia Superflua— Superfluous Polygamy. The florets in the center herma- phrodite, thofe in the cir- cumference female. , Polygamia Fruftanea— Ineffectual Polygamy. The florets in the center herma- phrodite, thofe in the cir- cumference barren. Polygamia Neceffaria— Neceffary Polygamy. The hermaphrodite florets in the center barren, but the fe- male in the circumference fruitful. Polygamia Segregata— Separate Polygamy. The florets feparated by partial flower-cups within a com- mon calyx. Monogamia, Single mar- riages, containing fimple flowers whole Antherae are united. Xlll Number Their Names and Number Their Names chiefly expref- ofthe Characters. of Orders five of the Number of Clajfes. in each. Male Parts or Stamina. 20. GYNANDRJA. The Stamina or male parts attached to, and grow- ing upon the female or J Pifillum. j 4 < 2i. MONOECIA. Male and female flowers i in diftinft cups pn the! fame plant. ii-J 22. DIOECIA. Male and female flowers | on different plants of^ the fame Species. „ 14 23. POLYGAMIA. ] Male, female and her- maphrodite flowers di- f flinft in the fame Spe- j cies, and fometimes on the fame plant. J 24. CRYPTOGAMIA. The fru&ification either wholly efcapes our no- tice, or the flowers are hid within the fruit, j 1. Diandria, - 2 2. Triandria, 3 3. Tetrandria, - 4 4. Pentandria, - -5 5. Hexandria, 6 6. Decandria, — - 10 Polyandria, - many 1. Monandria, - 1 2. Diandria, - - 2 3. Triandria, - -3 4. Tetrandria, - 4 5. Pentandria, - “5 6. Hexandria, - 6 7. Heptandria, - 7 8. Polyandria, - many 9. Monadelphia, Filaments united. 10. Syngenefia, Antherae united. 11. Gynandri a, Stamina grow- ing out of the piflillum. r 1. Monandria. - 1 2. Diandria, - - 2 3. Triandria, - 3 4. Tetrandria, - 4 5. Pentandria, - - 5 6. Hexandria, - 6 7. Oftandria, - 7 8. Enneandria, - 8 9. Decandria, - - 10 10. Dodecandria, - 12 11. Polyandria, - many 12. Monadelphia, Filaments united. 13. Diadelphia, Antherae united. 14. Syngenefia, Stamina grow- ing out of the piflillum. 1. Monoecia, one houfe, or male and female flowers on the fame plant. 2. Dioecia, two houfes, or male and female flowers on fe- parate plants rioecia, thrt male, female and herma- phrodite, growing on three diftinft plants of the fame Genus. Filices. Ferns. Mufci. Mofles. Algae. Fucus, or Sea-weed, Fungi, Mufhroons. ( xiv ) Note, Palma, the Palms have, in late works, been added by way of appendix, and conftitutes the 25th clafs,- but as thefe are not natives of thefe States, and their fru&ification but imperfectly known, they are omitted. From the preceding View it appears, that the Names and Characters of the Twenty-four Clafies, are each founded on either the Number, Infertion , Equality , Connexion, Situation , or Abfence of the Stamina or Male Sexual Organs. On Number only , are founded the firft eleven Gaffes, from Monandria to Dodecandria. On Number andl jcofancjrja an(j p0lyandria. Infertion , 3 1 ^n^unality Didynamia and Tetradynamia. On Connexion, Monadelphia, Diadelphia, Polyadel- phia, and Syngenefia. On Infertion only , Gynandria. On Situation, Monoecia, Dioecia and Polygamia. On Abfence, Cryptogamia. ( XV ) An Explanation of the different parts of Iruclification. FRUCTIFICATION is a temporary part of vegetables, appointed for the purpofe of generation, terminating the old vegetable and beginning the new. The parts of fruc- tification are the feven following, viz. i. The Calyx, flower- cup, or empalement. 2. The Corolla, petals, or painted leaves of the flower. 3. The Stamina, threads, or chives. 4. The Pijlilum, or pointal. 5. The Pericarpium, or Seed-vefifel. 6. The Seeds. 7. The Receptacle , or bafe on which all the other parts of the fructification are connected. I. The calyx ("which is the termination of the outer bark of the plant, prefenting itfelf in the fructification, in this form) comprehends the feven following fpecies, viz. the perianthium , the involucrum, the amentum, the fpadix, the glu - ma, the calyptra9 and volva, of each of which in their order. 1. The perianthium , the flower-cup or empalement properly fo called, is the mod common lpecies of calyx, and fituated clofe to the fructification. If it enclofes the Jlamina and germen, it is called the perianthium of the fructification. If it enclofes the Stamina andnot the germen, it is the perianthium of the flower. If it includes the germem , and not the Jla- mina, it is the perianthium of the fruit. 2. The involucrum or cover is fituated at the bottom of an um- bel, at fomediftancefrom the flower. It is called an univer- fal involucrum or cover, if it is fituated at the bottom of an univerfal umbel; and a partial involucrum or cover, if at the foot of a partial umbel. 3. The amentum or katkin is that fort of calyx, which confifts of a great number of chaffy fcales proceeding from a common receptacle or flender thread, as in hazel, alder, &c. 4. The fpatha or flieath is a fort of calyx which burfts length- ways, and puts forth a (talk fupporting the, flowers; as in narcijjus, fnow-drop, arum, indian turnep &c. 5. The gluma or chaffy hulk, is that fort of calyx peculiar to graffes, compofed of thin fcales or valves, which are often terminated by an arijla, a beard, or awn. 6, The calyptra a veil or hood,, is a fort of calyx peculiar to modes. ( xvi ) mofles, placed over their anther and refembling a monk^s cowl, or rather an extinguifher. 7. The volva is a fort of calyx peculiar to the fungi or mufh- room tribe, involving or inclofing their fr unification. It is membranaceous and torn quite round. II. The cor olla, literally a wreath or garland, (ferving together with the calyx as covers to the parts they inclofe) is the termination of the inner bark of the plant prefenting itfelf in this form, and confifts of the petalum and nettarium. 1. The petalum or petal is the corrollaceous covering of the flower. If the flower is monopetalous, i. e. confifts of one petal, the lower hollow part of fuch a corolla is called tubus , the tube, and the upper part which fpreads wider is called limbus, the limb or border. And from its different figure it is called either, Bell-fhaped, without any tube below, Fumtl-fhaped or conical, with a tube, Saucer or falver-Jhaped, with a tube, JVheelfiaped, without any tube below; or Gaping, lipped or mafked. If the corrolla be polypetalous, *. e. confifts of many petals* the lower part of each petal is called, the unguis, or claw. And the upper part which is wider, is called the lamina , or thin plate. Again this upper part or lamina , is either CrojJ-Jhaped, of four equal fpreading petals; or Butt er-fly-Jb aped, irregular and of four petals ; the upper one of which is called the Jlandard ; the two fide ones wings; and the under one the keel. 2. The ne&qrium is that part of the corolla which contains the honey; having a wonderful variety both as to lhape and fituation, and is fometimes united with the petals, and fome- times feparate from them. III. The ftamina are thofe parts of a flower appropriated to the preparation of the pollen, or fecundating dull, and con- fift of the filamentum, the anther a, and the pollen. 1. The filamentum, the filament or thread ferves to elevate the antherce , and conneft it to the flower. 2. The anthera, or fummit of the Jlamen , is that part which contains the pollen or fecundating dufl, and discharges it when ripe. 3. The pollen , or impregnating dull, is that fine powder con- tained within the antherce, or tops of the ftamina, and dif- perfed when ripe, 'upon the female organ, for impregnating the fame. IV. The ( xvii ) IV. The. pijiillum, pointal, or female organ, adheres to the fruit, and is that part appropriated for the reception of the pollen , fpokeri of above. It confifts of the germen, the Jlylus, and the Jligma. 1. The germen, or feed-bud, is the bafe or lower part of the pijiillum, containing the rudiments of the unripe fruit, or feed, in the flowering ftate of the plant, 2. The fiylus , or ftyie, is that part of the pijiillum which ftands upon the germen , and elevates the Jligma or fummit. 3. The Jligma, the fummit, or top of the ftyie, is that part which receives the fertilizing duft of the anthem , and tranf- mits its effluvia, through the ftyie into the middle of the germen , or feed- bud. V. The pericarpiim, or feed veffel, is that part which contains the feeds, and difcharges them when ripe. It comprehends the eight following fpecies, viz. the capfula , the filiqua > the legumen, the conceptaculum or folliculus , the drupa , the pomum, the bdcca, and the llrobilus; of each of which in their order. 1. The capfula , a capfule or little cafket, is a dry hollow feed- veffel, that fplits or opens in fome determinate manner. Capfules, when opened or fplit, are divided outwardly into one or more pieces, called valvulce, or valves, the parts which divide the capfules internally into cells are called dijjepimenta , or partitions. And the fubftances which con- ned the partitions to the feeds, are called columellce , or little- pillars. The empty fpaces for containing the feeds, are called toculamenta, or cells. 2. The filiqua , or pod is a teed- veffel with two valves, having the feeds fixed along the joining or edge of both valves. 3. The legumen , or cod, is a feed- veffel with two valves, having the feeds fixed along the edge of one of the valves only. 4. The conceptaculum, a receiver; or folliculus, a little bag, is a fced-veffel with one valve, fplitting length-ways from top to bottom, and has no feam for faftening the feeds with- in it. 5. The drupa , drupe, or ftcne fruit, is a pulpy feed-veffel, which has no valve, or external opening, and contains with- in it a ftone or nut. 6. The pomum, or apple, is a pulpy feed-veffel, which has no valve or external opening, and contains within it a capfule. 7. The bacca, or berry, is a pulpy feed veffel, which has no valve, and contains' feeds which are naked, or have no other covering than the pulp. c 8. The ( xviii ) 8. The Jlrobilus, or cone, is a feed-veffel competed of woody fcales, laid over one another like tiles; it opens only at top, the fcales being fixed below to the center of the cone. VI. Semen , the feed, is a deciduous part of the plant, con- taining the rudiments of a new vegetable, and fertilized by the fprinkling of the male dull. Under this head are corn- prehended the feed properly fo called, the nut, and propago. The nut is a feed covered with a hard bony fkin. Propago , the feed of the mofles, which has no tunic or covering. VII. The receptaculum, or receptacle, the feventhr and lafl part of thefruftification on which the other fix are connected* comprehends the receptaculum proprium, the receptaculum < com - mune, and the fpadix. 1. The receptaculum pr opr ium, or proper receptacle, which be- longs to the parts of a fingle fru&ification only. It is called the receptacle either of the fructification, when it is com- mon to both flower and fruit; of the flower, when the parts of the flower only are faflened to it without the ger- men ; of the fruit when it is abafeforthe fruit, and at a di- ftance from the receptacle of the flower; or of the feeds, when it is a bafe to which the feeds are fixed within the pericarpium or feed-veffel. 2. The receptaculum commune , or common receptacle, is that which conne&s feveral florets together; as in compound flowers; and is either paleaceum chaffy, i. e. with thin membranaceous chaffy plates rifing between the florets, or nudum naked, without chaffy plates. 3. The fpadix is the receptacle of the palms, and is always branched. It is alfo ufed to fignify the flower flalk of every plant, which was originally contained within a Jpatha or iheath; but in this laft cafe it is often Ample. Explanation of the Modes of Flowering . The peduncle or foot-flalk of the flower is a partial trunk, bear- ing the fru&ification only, but not the leaves. When branched or divided, each of the divifions is called pedicellus, or a little flower-flalk. Tlower-ftalks are diflinguiihed from the place of the plant where they grow, into, 1. The radical flower-flalk, when they proceed immediately from the root. 2, The cauline flower-flalk, which proceeds from the flem. 3, The ( xlx } 3. The tittmch peduncle, which proceeds from the branches. 4. The axillary, or bofoin flower-ftalk, which comes out be-* tween the leaf and ftem, or between the branch and ftem. 5. The terminal flower-ftalk, which comes from the extremity of the branch or ftem. 6. The jolitary peduncle, when there is only one in the fame place. 7. The flattered peduncles, when a great many grow together without any order. FLower-ftalks are alfo diftinguifhed from the different modes in which flowers are borne and connected on them, into the uniflorms , biflorous , triflorous , or multiflorous peduncle, that is,' which bear one, two, three, or many flowers. Flowers are alfo collected or borne in the ten following modes. 1. The fafliculus, a bunch or bundle, when peduncles are erect, parallel, placed clofe to one another, and all of the fame height, as in fweet- william. 2. The capitulum, a little head, where many flowers are collect - ed into a head, at the extremity of a peduncle, as in globe amaranthus. 3. The fpike, where the flowers fit clofe without foot-ftalks, and are placed along a common flower-ftalk. A fpike is called fecunda , Angle ranked, when all the flowers are turned to one fide ; or difticha , double ranked, when the flow- ers look to both Aides, or ftand two ways. 4. The corymbiif, where the leffer fiower-ftalks of unequal lengths are produced along the common peduncle on ail fides, and rife to the fame height, fo as to form a flat or even furfaee at top, as in fpircea opulifolia. 5. The panicle where the fructifications are difperfed upon foot-ftalks varioufly fubdivided, as in oats, &c. a panicle is faid to be diffufe when the partial foot-ftalks diverge, and the fructifications hang loofe; or flraight and narrow; when the foot-ftalks approach near to one another. 6. The thyrjus is a panicle contracted into an oval or egg-. ihaped-form, fomewhat refembling the cone of a pine ; as in lilac , horfe chefnut, &c. 7. The racemus or clufter, confifts of a common peduncle, having ihort lateral branches, all nearly of equal length proceeding from it ; as in the vine, currants &c. It is called racemus jecundus, or a one ranked clufter when all the foot-ftalks incline to one fide; as in the Jorrel-tree and moft of our mdromedas. 1. The ( XX ) 8. The verticil, lWi or whorl, where the flowers are produced in rings at each joint of the Item, with very Abort fooT ftalks ; as in mint , horehound , &c. 9. The umbella or umbel, where a number of fmall flower - Balks rife from the fame center to an equal height and form an even furface at top. It is called a fimple umbel , when the flower-ftalks are Ample or undivided; and a compound umbel , or (ometimes an univerjal umbel , when all the foot- ftalks are fubdivided into fmaller umbels, commonly called partial umbels 10. The cyma, or irregular umbel, where the foot-ftalks rife from a common center, and to an equal height, as in the umbel ; but the fecondary or partial foot-ftalks are irregularly difperfed, without order as in elder , viburnum &c. The Pleader is requeued to obferve that the names of the Species , under which the words , Bartram’s Catalogue immediately occur , are not found in Linnaeus's Species Plantarum , but. are taken from a Sheet Catalogue publijhed by John and IVilliam Bartram , Botanifts in Kingfejfmg ; containing the names of Forefl Trees and S limbs ? growing in , or near their Garden. A CAT- |^XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0 . -f<* 0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>cxxxxxxxxxxx© A CATALOGUE 0 F TREES and SHRUBS. ACER. THE MAPLE TREE. Clafs 23, Order 1. Polyandria Monoecia. IT hath Hermaphrodite and Male flowers upon the fame tree. In the Hermaphrodite , The Empalement is of one leaf, five cleft, acute, coloured, plain and entire at the bafe, and permanent. The Corolla confifts of five petals, which are ovate, broader outward, obtufe, fearce larger than the calyx, and fpreading. The Filaments are eight, awl-fliaped and fiiort. The Anther & Ample. The Germen is comprefled and funk in the Receptacle, Which is large, convex and perforated. The Style is thread-form, en- creafing in length. The Stigmas two, fharp-pointed^ flender^ and reflexed. The Seed-vejjels are two capfules joined at the bafe, roundish,, comprefled, and each terminating in a large membranaceous wing. The Seeds are folitary and roundifh. The Male are the fame in all parts except wanting the germen and flyle. Obf. The Afii-Ieaved Maple has male and female flowers on feparate trees. The A 1 . Acer pennfylvanicmn Pennfylvanian Dwarf Mountain Maple. This grows naturally upon the mountains in the back parts of Pennfylvania. The (terns are (lender, rifing to the height of fix or eight feet, and fending off feveral oppofite branches* The leaves are three- pointed, pretty much fawed on their edges, and placed oppofite upon pretty long footftalks. The flowers terminate the (talks in a pretty long ered racemus or bunch; they are fmall, of an herbaceous colour, and in part fucceeded by fmall conjoined winged feeds. 2. Acer glaucum. The Silver-leaved Maple . This tree grows frequently to the height of fifty or fixty feet, with many fpreading branches. The leaves are five-lobed, fo me what toothed, or deeply and irregularly fawed on their edges : they are of a lucid green on the upper fide and a bright filver co- lour on their under. The flowers are produced in little umbels at the foot of the leaves; they are of a deep red colour, and are fucceeded by large winged feeds, which fall off early in the fummer. This is perhaps the Acer rubrum of Linnaeus. 3. Acer Negundo. The AJh~leaved Maple . This tree is dioecious, or having male and female flowers upon different trees; it is but of middling growth, rifing perhaps to the height of twenty or thirty feet. The leaves fomething referable thofe of the Afh, but are generally trifoliate or quinquefoliate, or confiding of three or five lobes ; which are oval, fomewhat pointed, and a little notched towards their extremities. The flowers of the male are produced upon ( 3 ) upon pendulous bundles of very long fine threads or footftalks, each having a fmall flower-cup at its ex- tremity, containing five or more ftamina. The female produces flowers at the extremity of the fmall branch- es* in long loofe bunches ; they have long footftalks, with a fmall deciduous empalement ; containing a comprefled germen, with fcarce any ftyle, but two reflexed ftigmas. 4. Acer canadenfe. American Jiriped Maple . This is but of middling growth. The bark, efpecially of the young fhoots, is beautifully variegated or ftrip- ed. The leaves are divided into three very (harp pointed lobes, and very finely fawed on their edges. The flowers are produced in folitary bunches, with fliortifli footftalks ; having pretty large petals and empalements, containing generally eight ft ami n a or filaments; and in hermaphrodite flowers two reflexed ftigmas. The flowers and feeds are of a greenifli yellow colour. 5. Acer rub rum. The Scarlet flowering Maple . This grows to a pretty large fize in a rich foil. The leaves are three and fometimes nearly five lobed, and fawed on their edges. The flowers are produced in little umbels clofely furrounding the fmall branches, and are of a fcarlet colour. The footftalks of the hermaphrodite flowers, Aiooe out to a confiderable length; they are of a fcarlet colour, each fuftaining two joined winged feeds, fo me what of the fame co- lour. There is a variety of this with yellowifli flow- ers and feeds, which is, I believe, the mo ft common kind in Fennfylvania. 6. Acer ( 4 ) 6. Acer faccharum. The Sugar Maple . This grows to a large tree of two feet or more in diameter, and fifty or fixty feet high. The leaves fomething refemble the Silver-leaved Maple, but are not fo large, nor deeply lobed; or of fo fine a filver colour. It flowers in manner of the Scarlet Maple, but the flowers are of an herbaceous colour; and produces large joined winged feeds. The back in- habitants make a pretty good fugar, and in confider- able quantity, of the fap of this and the Silver-leaved Maple; and though thefe have generally been pre- ferred, yet all our Maples yield a fap which affords a pretty good fugar. i S "C ULUS, THE HORSE-CHESNUT-TREE. Clafs 7. Order x. Heptandria Monogynia. THE Empalement is of one leaf, tubulous, fmall and five- toothed. The Corolla confifts of five petals, roundifh, waved with a plait- ed margin, plane, fpreading, unequally coloured, and inferr- ed by narrow claws into the calyx. The Filaments are feven (fometimes eight) awl-fhaped, the length of the corolla, and declined. The Antherce riling. The Germen is roundifh, ending in an awl fh aped Style. The Stigma fharp pointed. The Seed-veJJel a capfule, coriaceous, roundifh, three-cell’d and three vaiv’d. The Seeds or nuts two, fomewhat globofe, often but one ar- riving to perfe&ion. x. Isculus ocTandra. Neva river Horfe Chefuut . This often becomes a tree of pretty large fize. The branches are fmooth and of a greyifh colour. The leaves are palmated, or compofed of five pretty large ( 5 ) large lobes joined at their bafe, having a pretty long common footitalk: they are fomewhat wedge fhape, or narrower towards the bafe than the point, veined with oblique parallel veins, and fawed on their edges. The flowers are produced in a loofe thyrfus , at the ex- tremity of the branches, of a pale yellowifli colour; and are fucceeded by fruit near the fize of the eaftern Horfe-Chefnut. 2. JEsculus Pavia. Scarlet flowering Horfe- Chefnut. This is but of humble growth, feldom rifing to more than ten or twelve feet high; fending out feve^ ral branches, with leaves and flowers much like the former, except the flowers being of a bright red colour : they (land upon fhort naked footflalks, branching from the common Item, generally five or fix together in each thyrfus . They are tubulous at bottom but fpread open at top, where the petals are irregular in fize and length, having fomething the appearance of a lip flower ; they have feven or eight (lamina the length of the petals. When the flower fades the Germen fwells to a pear lhaped fruit, with a thick ruflfet coloured covering, containing fome- times one or two nuts. A M O R P H A, BASTARD-INDIGO. Clafs 17. Order 3. Diadelphia Decandria. THE Empalement is of one leaf, tubulous, cylindrical and top-ihaped: at the mouth ereft, five- toothed, and ob- tufe: the two fuperior teeth largeft; permanent. The Corolla is a fingie petal, inverfe egg-fhape, concave, fcar.ce larger than the calyx, ere&, inferted in the calyx between the two largeft upper teetfl, and placed on the upper fide. The ( 6 ) The Filaments are ten, very fiightly joined at the bafe, ered, unequal in length, and longer than the corolla. The Anthem. are Ample. TheGflrwM is roundiih. The Style awl-iliaped and the length- of the Stamina . The Stigma is fimple. The Seed-veJJel a Legumen or Pod, moon-fhaped, reflexed, larger than the calyx, comprefled, the top mail reflexed, of one cell, and tubercled. The Seeds are two, of an oblong kidney form. Obf. This is Angularly diftinguifhable from all the Papilionace- ous tribe, in having only the vexilium or ftandard, and want- ing the wings and keel. There appears to be but one Species of this Genus , viz. Amorpha fruticofa. Shrubby Bajlard Indigo * This grows naturally in Carolina, where it rifes with many irregular items, to the height of ten or twelve feet, with very long winged leaves, in ihape like thofe of the common Acacia. At the extremity of the fame year’s ihoots, the flowers are produced in long ilender fpikes, which are very fmall and of a deep purple colour. The flowers are fucceeded by moon-fhaped, reflexed, compreffed pods, each containing two kidney-ihaped feeds. ANDROMEDA. ANDROMEDA. Clafs io. Order i. Decandria Monogynia* THE Empalement is five-parted, acute, very fmall, coloured,, and permanent. The Corolla confifts of one petal, bell-fliaped and five-cleft: the divifions reflexed. The Filaments are ten, awl-fhaped, longer than and fcarcely af- fixed to the corolla. The Anthem are two horned and nodding. The Germen is roundiih. The Style, cylindrical, longer than the Stamina and permanent. The Stigma is obtufe. The Seed-veJJel a capfule, roundiih, pentagonal, five-celled, five valved, and gaping at the angles. The j ( 7 ) The Seeds are many, roundiili and ihining. Obf. The Corolla in fome is ovate, in others perfe&ly bell- ihaped. The Species are , native with us , i . Andromeda arborea. The Sorrel Tree . It grows naturally in Virginia, to about ten or twelve feet high. The flowers grow in long naked bunches, coming out from the Tides of the branches, of an herbaceous colour, ranged on one fide of the common foot-ftalk: they are oval, pitcher-fhaped, and nodding; and are fucceeded by fmall capfules. 2. Andromeda calyculata. Ever- green Dwarf Andromeda . This is a low fhrub, growing on mo fly land. The leaves are fhaped fomething like thofe of the Box tree, and are of the fame confidence, having many fmall pun&ures on them. The flowers grow in iliort racemi or bunches from the extremity of the branch- es, they are white and of a cylindrical pitcher-fhape* 3. Andromeda paniculata. Panicled An- dromeda. This fhrub grows in boggy wet ground, rifing from two or three to fix or feven feet high, fending out feveral branches which are clothed with oblong leaves, a little notched and placed alternately. The flowers grow in long loofe panicled racemi or bunches, at the extremity of the branches; they are pitcher-fliaped, and fucceeded by fmall round feed-veffels, having five cells, filled with fmall round feeds. There is a variety of this of low growth, differing in having ihorter ( 8 ) fhorter panicled bunches of flowers, and thefe com- ing out at the divifions, as well as at the extremities of the branches. 4. Andromeda racemofa. Pennfylvanian Red-bud Andromeda . This grows in low clayed lands, to the height of five or fix feet. The leaves are oblong and ferrated. The flowers are produced in a one faded racemus at the extremity of the branches, and referable the other kinds. The long bunch of flower buds are of a beautiful red colour in the fpring, and thereby make a good appearance. 5. Andromeda mariana. Maryland , or broad-* leaved Andromeda . Is a fhrub of low growth, having but a fmallftem, which is generally retrofle&ed or bent from fide to fide. The leaves are egg-fhaped, entire, broad, and of pretty thick confidence. The Seed-veffels are larger than the other kinds, gaping at their tops. 6. Andromeda nitida. Ever- green Jhining- leaved Andromeda , or Carolinian Red-buds „ (Bartram’s Catalogue.) This fhrub grows naturally in Carolina and Flori- da, and may juftlybe ranked among the mo ft beau- tiful flowering. The leaves are perennial, near three inches in length and one in breadth, of a hard and firm tex- ture, lance-fhape, of a deep fhining, or glofly green colour on both fides, placed by pretty long footflalks alternately upon each fide of the branches, but in- clining ( 9 ) dining to the upper fide, and (landing nearly ere£h The flowers are produced along the under fide of the branches, in long one rowed racemi or bunches, which as they arrive to their full growth change to a damafk rofe colour. The under parts of the bunch- es fomewhat referable the cells of a honey-comb, diffufing an agreeable fragrance, and affording a delicious harveft to the honey-bee. 7. Andromeda plumata. Plumed Andromeda, or Carolinian Iron-wood Tree . (Bartram’s Catalogue..) This is alfo a fouthern beautiful fpecies of Andro- meda; rifing to the height of fifteen or twenty feet, and fending off towards the top, many fpreading and nearly horizontal ^branches. The leaves are fmall, lance-fhaped, and of a deep gloffy green, but changing in Autumn before they fall off, to yellow, red, purple, &c. giving the trees a beautiful appearance, even in their decline. The flowers are produced at the extremity of the branch- es, in one-rowed racemes or bunches, they are very fmall and perfectly white, fomewhat refembling a plume of delicate white feathers. This and the Tali mentioned, grow naturally by the fides of ponds, and fwamps, in Carolina and Florida. A N N O N A. PAPAW TREE, or CUSTARD APPLE, Clafs 13. Order 7. Folyandria Polygynia0 rF,HE Empalement is three leaved and fmall; the leaves heart- ■l fiiaped, concave, and iharp-pointed. The Corolla is compofed of fix petals, heart-ihaped and feffile or fquat; the three alternate interior lefs, B The ( IO ) The Filaments fcarce any. The Anthem are very numerous, fitting upon the fides of the Germerj. The Germen is fomewhat round, fitting upon a roundiih recept- acle. The Styles none. The Stigmas obtufe. The Seed-veJJel a very large berry or fruit, of an oval or oblong fhape, covered with a fmooth rind, and of one cell. The Seeds are feveral, hard, ihining, oblong, oval, (compref- fed in fome fpecies) and placed in a circle. The Species with us are , 1. An non A glabra. Carolinian Smooth-barked Annona . The bark is fmooth, the leaves broad, oval, but narrowed towards the bafe. The fruit is large, yel- low and fomewhat conical. This grows naturally in Carolina. 2. Annona triloba. Pennfylvanian Triple- fruited Papaw . This grows common in rich bottoms and by river fides, in Pennfylvania. It rifes to the height of ten, twelve, and fometimes twenty feet, with but few branches, garnifhed with pretty long large leaves, narrowed toward the bafe and fmooth on their edges. The flowers are folitary, and of a dark purple co- lour; they have fhort footftalks, which with the flower-cup is covered with fhort brown hairs or down. The fruit is often found growing two or three together, which loon falls off, becomes very mellow and turns of a yellow colour. A R A L I A. THE ANGELICA TREE. Oafs 5. Order 5. Pentandria Pentagyina. AN Involncrum , which is very fmall, to the little globular umbels. ,• The ( u ) The Empalement is five-toothed, very final!, and above. The Corolla confifts of five petals, which are ovate, acute, fef= file and reflexed. The Filaments are five, awl-fhaped, and the length of the co- rolla. The Antherce are roundiih. The Germen is roundiih and beneath. The Styles five, very ihort, and permanent. The Stigmas Ample. The Seed-veJJel a berry, roundiih, ftriated, crowned and five- celled. The Seeds are folitary, hard, and oblong. The Species with us are , Aralia fpinofa. Virginian Angelica Tree . This rifes with a thick woody item to the height of ten or twelve feet, dividing into feveral branches, which are garnilhed with ramofe divaricated leaves, placed alternately. The flowers are produced in large, loofe, compound umbels, at the extremity of the branches: they are of an herbaceous colour, and are fucceeded by roundiih berries of a purplifh co- lour when ripe. The Item, branches, and footftalks of the leaves are armed with fliort ftrong fpines* ARBUTUS. THE STRAWBERRY TREE, or BEAR-BERRY. Clafs io. Order i. Decandria Monogynia. TH E Empalement is five parted, obtufe, very fmall and permanent. ^he Corolla is one petalled, ovate, planiih at the bafe; the bor- der is five cleft; the divifions obtufe, revolute and fmall. The Filaments are ten, awl-bellied, very flender at the bafe, half the length of the corolla, and affixed by the margin to its bafe. * The Antherce are flightly two cleft and nodding. The Getmen is fomewhat globofe, fitting upon a receptacle marked with ten points. The Style is cylindrical and the length of the corolla. The Stigma is thickifii anus, capillary, joined at the bafe into five or three parts or bodies. The Anthem are fmall. The Gemen is roundiih. The 'Styles are three (fometimes one, two, and five,) fimple, diftant, and the length of the ftamina. The Stigmas are fimple. The Seed-veJJel is a roundifh capfule; with cells according to. the number of the Styles. The Seeds are many and oblong. The Species growing Jhrubby , with us , Hypericum kalmianum. Virginian Shrubby Hypericum, This grows naturally in low wet places, riling with Ihrubby ftalks to the height of three or four- feet, with oppofite angular branches. The leaves are fmooth and ftiaped like thofe of Rofemary or Lavender. The flowers terminate the branches in fmall divided clufters of three or feven flowers; they have each five very {lender ftyles, and are fucceeded by oval, pointed capfules, filled with fmall feeds. ILEX, ( 63 ) ILEX. The H O L L Y - T R E E. Oaf’s 4. Order 3. Tetrandria Tetragynia. THE Empalement is four toothed, very fmall and permanent. The Corolla confifts of one petal, four-parted and plane-: the divifions are roundiih, concave, fpreading, pretty lar^e, and cohering by claw?. The Filaments are four, awl-lhaped, and ihorter than the corol- la. The Antherce are fmall. The Germen is roundiih. The Style none. The Stigmas are four and obtufe. The Seed-veffel is a berry, roundiih and four cell’d. The Seeds are folitary, bony, oblong, obtufe, gibbous on one fide and angled on the other. Obf. The flowers are in fome fpecies male upon one plant, and female and hermaphrodite upon a different plant. The Species with ns, are , 1. Ilex Aquifolium. American Common Holly . This grows in Maryland, New Jerfey, &c. gene- rally in moiit ground, rifmg to the height of fifteen or twenty feet, with an ere£t ftera, covered with a greyifli coloured fmooth bark, and furnifhed with pretty many branches, which are garnifhed with thick, hard, ever-green leaves, waved on their edges and indented, each point terminating in a fliff prick- ly fpine. The flowers are produced upon pretty long footftalks, often three parted from the Tides of the branches, of a white colour, having often five or fix ftamina, and the corolla divided into as many parts, and are fucceeded by roundiih berries, which when full ripe are red. Of the bark of common Holly is made Birdlime, which is better than that made of Mifletoe. 2. Ilex r u /lisi vRhhu ■*' ' ' ( 64 ) 2. Ilex Cafline. Dahoon , or Carolinian Holly . This grows naturally in Carolina, rifmg with an upright branching Item to the height of eighteen or twenty feet. The bark of the (tem is of a brown colour, but that of the branches and young (hoots green and fmooth. The leaves are fpeardhaped, above four inches long and one and a quarter broad toward the bafe, of a light green colour and thick confidence, with their upper parts fawed on the edges, each ferrature ending in a fmall fharp fpine. The flowers come out in thick cluders from the Tides of the branches, they are white and like thofe of the common Holly, but fmaller, and are fucceeded by # fmall roundiih red berries. 3. Ilex canadenfis. Canadian , or Hedge-hog Holly . The leaves of this kind are not fo long as thofe of the Common Holly, but are armed with dronger fpines danding clofer together, their upper furfaces are alfo fet very clofe with fhort prickles, from whence it obtained the name of Hedge-hog Holly. It grows naturally in Canada. There are faid to be two varieties of this with variegated leaves, one of which is yellow, the other white. I T E A. ! IT E i Clafs 5. Order 1. Pentandria Monogynia. ^'PHE Empalement is one leaved, five cleft, ereft, fharp point- “*■ ed, very fmall, and permanent ; the divifions are acute and coloured. The ' ( 73 ) And a Ne&mum, confifting of three tubercles, fharp point- ed, coloured, and ending in two bridles, Handing round the germen. The Filaments' are nine, ftorter than the corolla, compreffed, obtufe and three-fold in each order. The Anthem are ad- joined on each fide to the margin of the filaments. There are two roundifli fmall Glands affixed by very fhort footftalks, to each filament of the inward order, near the bafe. The Germen is fomewhat ovate. The Style is fimple, equal and I the length of the ftamina. The Stigma is obtufe and oblique. The Seed-veJJel is a drupe, oval, iharp pointed, and one cell’d, contained in the calyx. The Seed is a nut of a iharp pointed egg-ihape, with a kernel of the fame form. I Obf. The flowers are fometimes male and female upon differ- ent trees. The Species, with us , are , I, Laurus Benzoin. The Benjamin-Tree , or Spice-Wood. This fi^rub grows naturally in mold places, and riles often to the height of eight or ten feet, divid- ing into feveral branches. The leaves are annual, oval fhaped and entire. The flowers are produced from the Tides of the branches upon fhort footftalks, often dividing and fuftaining from one, to four or five flowers, of a greenifh yellow colour; which are fucceeded by oval, oblong berries, of a red colour when ripe, but changing to black,. The bark, ber- ries, &c. have a ftrong aromatic fmell, much like that of Benzoin, and indeed, by fome, is allowed to be the tree, from whence it is produced. 2. Laurus Borbonia. Red-Jlalked Carolinian ; Bay -Tree. This grows naturally in Carolina, and rifes with a ftraight trunk to a confiderable height, efpecially K ne&r ( 74 ) near the fea-coaft. The leaves are {harp pointed and much longer than thofe of the European Bay; a little wooly underneath, veined tranfverfely, and fo me what reflexed on their edges. The male trees produce their flowers in long bunches from the wings of the leaves ; the female, in loofe bunches, {land- ing upon long red footftalks, and are fucceeded by blue berries fitting in red cups. The wood is of a very fine grain, proper for ca- binet making and other ornamental furniture. It alfo dies a beautiful black colour. 3. La ur us geniculata. Carolinian Spice Wood Tree . This kind fo much refembles the Benzoin as to require no further defcription, except in having ber- ries not of fo red a colour. 4. Laurus Saffafras. The Saffafraj-Tree . This tree rifes fometimes to the height of twenty or thirty feet, and to twelve or fifteen inches in di- ameter, but is commonly of much lower growth. The bark of the young {hoots is fmooth and green, but of the old trunks rough, furrowed and of a lightifli colour. It is divided towards the top into many branches, generally crooked, furnifhed with leaves different in form and fize, fome being oval and entire, others two or three lobed and of five or fix inches in length, and nearly as much in width; of a light green colour and placed alternately upon pretty long footfialks. The flowers are produced at the extremity of the former year’s fhoots upon long panicled footfialks, and are generally male and female upon different trees.. The female are fuc- ceeded by oblong, oval berries, of a bluifli colour when ( 75 ) when ripe, fitting in red cups, having red footftalks. The roots and wood have been long ufed as a fudo- rihe, but the bark of the root is by much the ftrong- eft, yielding a confiderable quantity of hot, aromat- ic oil; and when powdered and joined with other febrifuges, has been given with fuccefs in intermit- tents, &c. Alfo ufed as a tea, is faid to promote obftrudted menfes ; but has been blamed for occafi- oning the head-ach. LEDUM. MARSH CISTUS, or WILD ROSEMARY. Clafs io. Order i. Decandria Monogynia. THE Empalement is of one leaf, very final], and five-tooth- ed. The Corolla confifts of five petal$, ovate, concave, and Tpread- ing. The Filaments are ten, thread-form, fpreading and the length of the corolla. The Antherce are oblong. The Germen is roundilh. The Style thread-form and the length of the ftamina. The Stigma is obtufe. The Seed-veJJel is a capfule, roundilh, five- cell’d and gaping in five parts at the top. The Seeds are numerous, oblong, narrow, acute each way and very (lender. The Species with us , but one , viz. Ledum thy mi folium. Thyme leaved Marjh Cifius . This grows naturally in the jerfeys, in low, moift places. It is a friiall ever-green fhrub, fcarcely rif- ing above eighteen inches or two feet in height and divided into feveral branches. The leaves are very fmall, entire, of an oblong oval fhape, and thick confidence, ( 76 ) confidence, placed clofe, alternately, and thick up- on the branches. The flowers terminate the {talks j in flrort leaffy bunches, coming out flngly at the bofom of the leaves upon pretty long footftalks; they are fmall and white but make a fine appearance when in bloom. This has generally been called Thyme-leaved Kalmia. L I QJJ IDAMBAR. LIQUIDAMBAR, or SWEET GUM-TREE. Clafs 21, Order 8. Monoecia Polyandria. * 'T'HE Male Flowers are numerous in a conical, long, loofe A katkin. The Calyx is a common Involucrum of four leaves ; which are ovate, concave, and falling; the alternate fliorter. The Corolla none. The Filaments are numerous, and very fhort, in a body, plane on one fide and convex on the other. The Antlierce are ereft, twin, four furrowed, and two cell’d. * The Female flowers are colle&ed in a globe at the bafe of the male fpikes. The Calyx is an Involucrum as in the male, but double. . The Proper Empalement is bell-fhape, angled, warty, and ma- ny joined together. The Corolla none. The Germen is oblong and adjoined to the empalement. The Styles are two, awl-lkaped. The Stigmas joined to thefe are the length of the ftyle, recurved and downy. The Seed-veJJel con fills of as many capfules as empalements, which are ovate, oblong, fliarp pointed, with one cell and two valves at top; joined in a ligneous globe. The Seeds are few, (one or two) oblong, pointed and fliining: mixed with many branny corpufcles. The Species with us , are , j. Liquidambar { * 77 ) 1. Liquidambar Styraciflua. Maple-leaved Liquidambar-Tree , or Sweet Gum. This tree grows naturally in low clayey ground, riling with a ftraight trunk to the height of forty feet or more, fending off many branches, forming a pyramidal head. The leaves are angular, feme- what rcfembling thofe of Maple, having five and often [even, pointed, ferrated, fpreading lobes; and are of a dark green colour. They have a ftrong, fwetr. glutinous fubltance, exuding through their pores in warm weather, rendering them clammy to the touch.' The flowers are produced early in the fpiing, and are fucceeded by globular feed-veflels, coropofed of many capfules joined at the bafe, but terminating in long foftifli fpines or points, and con- taining each one or two oblong comprdfed, winged feeds, \vith a great number of furfuraceous particles. 2. Liquidambar afplenifolia. Spleen-wort-leaved Gale , or Shrubby Sweet Fern. This is a fmall fhrub, growing naturally upon dry flaty ridges, and feldom rifing above three feet high, dividing into feveral branches, furnilhed with many oblong leaves, alternately fituated, refembling thofe of Spleen Wort; of a dark green colour, hairy un« derneath and fitting clofe to the (talks. The male katkin$ are produced lying clofe to the fmall branch- es near their ends. The female flowers are in fmall heads a little beneath them, becoming fmall burs, generally containing two or more oblong fmooth feeds. An infuflon of the leaves has been ufed as an aftringent in Diarrhoeas, &c. LIRIODENDRUM. ( 78 ) LIRIODENDRUM. The TULIP-TREE. Clafs 13. Order 7. Polyandria Polygynia. Hr HE Calyx confifls of a proper Involucrum of two leaves; A which are triangular, plane and deciduous. And an Empalement of three leaves; oblong, concave, fpreading, petal-form, and deciduous. The Corolla has fix ("often more) petals, bell’d: the petals are fpatuled, oblong, obtufe and variegated. The Filaments are numerous, fhorter than the corolla, linear, and inferted in the receptacle. The Antherce are linear, and adjoined longitudinally to the fides of the filaments. The Germen are numerous, placed in a cone. The Style none. The Stigmas globofe. The Seed-veJJel none. The feeds are imbricated in a cone like body. The Seeds are numerous, ending in a lanced fcale; near the bafe of the fcale, fending off from the interior fide, an acute angle, comprefled at the bafe and acute, by which they are joined to the fpindle-fhaped receptacle. The Species with us, are , Liriodendrum Tulipifera. Virginian Tulip- Tree. This often grows to the fize of a large tree, of feventv or eighty feet in height and above four feet in diameter. The bark of young trees is fmooth, but as they grow old it becomes furrowed, their lower branches alfo falling off. The young trees fend off many branches, almoft from the ground upward, garnifhed with broad fmooth leaves, heart- Ihaped at the bafe, but end-bitten, or cut, at the ex- tremity, having two or three pointed lobes, on each fide the midrib ; of a dark green colour on the upper ( 79 ) fide, but lighter and veined underneath; with pretty long footftalks. The flowers are produced at the extremity of the branches in form of a Tulip, com- pofed of fix or feven petals, or fometimes more, greenilh coloured towards the tops, but marked tranfverfely with red, towards the claws; which are glandular and honey-bearing. The young trees make a beautiful appearance, efpecially when in flow- er. We have two kinds of Tulip trees, viz. Yellow and White, their difference eafily diffinguifhable by the wood or timber, but perhaps not otherwife. The Yellow is foft and brittle, and much ufed for boards, heels for fhoes, &c. alfo turned into bowls, trench- ers, Sec. The white is heavy, tough, and hard, and likewife fawed into joifls, boards. See. for building. The bark of the root is ufed as an ingredient in bitters, Sec. L O N I C E R A. HONEYSUCKLE, or WOODBINE. Clafs 5. Order 1. Pentandria Monogynia. THE Empalement is five parted, above and fmatl. The Corolla is of one. petal and tubulous. The tube ob- long and gibbofe. The border five-parted; the divifi- 011s revolute, and one deeper feparated than the refL The Filaments are five, awl- fh aped and nearly the length of the corolla. The Antherce are oblong. The Germen is roundiiTi and beneath. The Style is thread-form and the length of the corolla. The Stigma is obtufe-headed. The Seed-vejjel is a berry, umbilicated and two cell’d. The Seeds are roundiih and comprefled. The Species, with us , ( according to Linnaeus^ ar- rangement J are divided as follows , into * Honeyfuckles ( So ) # Honey fuckles with a trailing Jlalk. 1. Lgnicera caroliniana. Carolinian fcarlet Trumpet-flowered Honey fuckle. This is a variety of the following, only differing in having fmaller leaves and flowers. 2. Lonicera virginiana. Virginian fcarlet Honey - fuckle. This hath a fhrubby trailing ftalk, which requires fupport, and appears much like the common Honey- fuckle, but the lhoots are weaker. The inferior leaves are inverfe egg-fhaped, of a deep green co- lour on their upper fides, but whitifh underneath, fitting clofe to the branches; but thofe near the ends of the branches, are joined, forming fometimes a large fomewhat quadrangular leaf, but moftly a fmaller concave oval one. The flowers are produced in whorls upon a long naked ftalk terminating the branches, having long fcarlet tubes with fhort bor- ders. The lower leaves in warm fituations are ever- green. *■ 3. Lonicera fempervirens. Ever-green Honeyfuckle. This is -Laid to grow in Virginia, with flrong branches, covered with a purple bark, and garnifh- ed with lucid green leaves., continuing their verdure all the year. The flowers are produced in manner of the former, of a bright red on their outfides and yellow within, and continuing in fucceffion from June till autumn. * * » * ( 8i ) Dwarf Cherries with bijlorous footftalks 4. Lonicera canadenfis. Canadian dwarf -cherry Honeyfuckle. (Bartram’s Catalogue.) This is a native of Canada, rifmg with an ere£t fhrubby (talk to the height of about five feet. The leaves are oval (haped, entire, of a very thin tex- ture and lucid green colour. The flowers terminate the branches, fitting two upon each footflalk, of a pale yellow colour,' ftreaked with purple, and ap- pearing pretty early in the fpring. * # # With an erect Jtalk> and multiflorous footftalh« 5. Lonicera Diervilla. Tellow flowering Diervilla . This hath flender fhrubby (talks, feldom rifing above two feet and a half high, and generally lean- ing; furnifhed with fomewhat heart-fhaped, oblong, fharp-pointed leaves, (lightly fawed on their edges, placed oppofite, and fitting clofe to the (talks. The dowers are produced at the extremity and fometimes from the Tides of the branches, generally two or three together, upon fhort footftalks; they are of a cream colour, the inferior fegment of the (lower fomewhat larger and yellower than the others ; they are fucceeded by oblong capfules, containing fmall feeds. This grows rtioft natural upon tnountains, and fpreads much by its creeping roots. 6. Lonicera marylandica. Maryland fcarlet Lorn- cera . This, it is faid, grows in Maryland with an up- right (talk, furnifhed with ovate, oblong, (harp- L pointed ( 82 ) pointed leaves, which are diftinft and fit clofe to the (talks. The flowers are produced in ered fpikes of a fcarlet colour. 7. Lon ic era Symphoricarpos. Indian Currants , or St. Peter’s Wort. This hath a (hrubby (talk, which rifes from four to five feet high and fpreads into many (lender branch- es, garniihed with oval entire leaves, fomewhat hairy and placed oppofite upon (liort footftallks. The flowers are fmall and of an herbaceous colour, and are produced upon fhort, common peduncles, or footftalks, which are placed oppofite a conderable diftance along, and terminating the branches; upon which they are fet very clofe in whorls, or rather in two oppofite rows. A few of thefe are fucceeded by reddilh, deprcflfed, hollow and fpongy berries ; ripening very late, and each generally containing two fmall round compreffed feeds. This often fends off a few weak trailing branches lying upon the ground and taking root, by which it may be eafily propagated. MAGNOLIA. The LAUREL-LEAVED TULIP-TREE. Clafs 13. Order 7. Polyandria Polygynia. (T1HE Empcilement is three leaved : the leaves ovate, concave, T petal form and deciduous. m The Corolla has nine petals, oblong, concave, obtufe, and nar- rower at the bafe. The Filaments are numerous, fhort, iharp pointed, and com- preffed; inferted beneath the germen in the common recep- tacle of the Ryles. The Antherce are linear and adjoined on each fide to the margin of the filaments. The The Germen are numerous, ovate-oblong, covering the clubbed receptacle. The Styles are recurved, contorted and very ihort. The Stigmas are from one end of the fryle to the other, and villofe. The Seed-veJJel is an ovate cone, covered with -capfules, which are compreifed, roundifh, fcarce imbricated, crowded, acute, one cell’d, two valv’d, feffile, gaping outward and perma- nent. The Seeds are folitary, roundifh, berried, and hanging by a thread from the bofom of each fcale of the cone. The Species are, 1. Magnolia acuminata. Long leaved Mountain Magnolia , or Cucumber Tree . This tree grows fometirnes to the height of thirty or forty feet, and to eighteen inches or more in di- ameter; dividing into feveral branches towards the top, garnifhed with large, oblong, {harp-pointed leaves. The flowers come out early in the fpring and are compofed of twelve large bluifli coloured petals. The feed-veflels are about three inches long, fomewhat refembling a fmall Cucumber; from whence the inhabitants where it grows natural, call it the Cucumber-tree. 2. Magnolia glauca. Small Magnolia , or Swamp Sajfafras, This grows naturally in low, modi, or fwampy ground, often to the height of fifteen or twenty feet ; covered with a whitifh fmooth bark, and di - viding'into feveral branches; furnifhed with entire, oblong, oval leaves, of a dark green on their upper furface, but whitifh and a little hairy underneath. The flowers are produced at the ends of the branch- es, compofed of fix concave, white petals, of an agreeable fmell; and are fucceeded by oval, or fome- what ( *4 ) %hat conical feed-velfels, of an inch or more in length and three fourths of an inch in diameter ; compofed of many capfules, which open and difcharge their feeds when ripe, hanging by (lender white threads, of a red colour, and near the fize of a fmall bean. The feeds and bark have been ufed with fome fuc- cefs in the cure of Rheumatifm, See. 3. Magnolia grandiflora. Ever-green Laurel-lea'll” ed Tulip -Tree. This grows naturally in Florida and South Caroli- na, fometimes to the height of eighty feet or more, with a ftraight trunk of two feet or more in diame- ter; having a regular head. The leaves are ever- green, of a thick confidence, pretty large, oblong, pointed, and entire: cf a lucid green on the upper fide, and fometimes of a ruflet, or buff colour on the under. The flowers are produced at the ends of the branches; they are very large, and compofed of eight or ten oblong white petals, narrowed to- wards the bafe, but broad, rounded, and a little waved at their extremities* They are fucceeded by oblong, conical feed-veflels, difclofing their feeds after the manner of the other fpecies. This is allow- ed to be one of the moft beautiful ever-green trees yet known, but is impatient of cold. 4. Magnolia tripetala. The Umbrella Tree. This grows pretty frequent in Carolina, arid fomq parts of Pennfylvania; ufually to the height of fix- teen or twenty feet, with a (lender trunk, covered with a fmooth bark, and dividing into feveral branch- es. The leaves are very large and entire, often from twelve to fifteen inches or more in length, and five or fix in width, narrowing to a point at each extremity, placed ( §5 ) placed at the ends of the branches in a circular man- ner, fomewhat refembling an umbrella ; from whence it obtained its name. The flowers are compofed of ten, or eleven, large, oblong, white petals, the exterior ones hanging down; and are fucceeded by oblong, conical feed-veflels, between three and four inches in length, and about one and a half in diame- ter, growing reddifli and difclofing their feeds, when ripe, after the fame manner of the others. There are faid to be two other fpecies in the fouthern ftates. MENISPERMUM. MOONSEED. Glafs 22. Order 10. Dioecia Decandria. THE Flowers are Male and Female upon feparate plants. * The Male. The Empalement is two leaved : the leaves are linear and fhort. The Corolla has four exterior petals, which are ovate, fpreading and equal. And eight interior leller ones, ovate and concave. The Filaments are fixteen (or more) cylindrical and rather long- er than the corolla. The Anther ce are terminal, very fhort, and obtufe four lobed. * The Female , on a different plant. The Empalement as in the Male. The Corolla as the Male. The Filaments eight, like the male. The Anthem are pellucid . and barren. The Germen are two, ovate, incurved, winking and pedicell’d. The Styles are folitary, very fiiort and recurved. The Stig- mas are bifid and obtufe. The Seed-vejjels are two berries, roundi'fh-kidney form and on§ cell’d. The Seeds are folitary, large, and kidney form, or fomewhat orbicular and comprefifed. Obf. The Canadian has an Empalement and Corolla of fix leaves, alfo fix ftamina and three ftyles. The ( 86 ) The Species with us , are , 1. Menispermum canadenfe. Canadian Moon - feed . This hath a thick, ligneous root, fending up ma- ny twining (talks, twilling themfelves round the neighbouring trees for fupport, becoming woody, and rifing to the height of ten or fifteen feet. Thefe are furnilhed with large, frnoofh, roundifh, angled leaves, having pretty long footftalks placed on their under tides, making a hollow, or appearance of a navel on the upper fide. The flowers come out in loofe bunches from the fides of the (talks; they are fmall, of an herbaceous colour, and compofed of fix oblong petals, fix (hort (lamina, and three (tyles arifing from as many germen ; which become three channelled berries, each containing one fomewhat circular comprefied feed. 2. Menispermum carolinum. Carolinian Moonfeed . This is much fmaller and weaker than the other, fcarcely becoming ihrubby. The leaves are fmaller, entire, heart-fliaped, and villous underneath. 3. Menispermum virgmicum. Virginian Moonfeed . This much refembles the Canadian kind, the leaves are target-form, heart-lhaped and lobed. MESPILUS. ( 87 ) MESPILUS. The MEDLAR-TREE. Clafs 12. Orders Icofandria Pentagynia. rT1HE Empalement is one leaved, concave-fpreading, five tooth- ■*- ed, and permanent. The Corolla has five petals, roundifh, concave, and inferted in the calyx. The Filaments are twenty, awl-fhaped and inferted in the calyx. The Antherce are fimple. The Germenis beneath. The Styles are five, (often lei's) fimple and erett. The Stigmas are headed. The Seed-veJJel is a berry, globofe, mnbilicated, and covered with the calyx, but fomewhat perforated at the apex. The Seeds are five, bony and gibbous. j The Species, with us , are , * Armed with "Thorns i. Mespilus coccinea. Cockfpur-Ha'wthorn . This rifes generally to the height of ten or twelve feet, with a pretty ftrong ftem, dividing into feveral branches, which are armed with ftrong thorns, bent downwards like a cock’s fpur. The leaves are fome- what oval, but fpreading into angles, fawed on their edges, and fmooth. The flowers come out at the extremities and Tides of the branches in umbels, they are pretty large and are fucceeded by fruit near- ly as large as a fmall cherry and of a fine red colour when ripe. There is a variety of this without thorns, with, leaves deeper fawed on their edges, and not fo deep- ly veined, otherwife of the fame growth and ap- pearance. 2. Mespilus ( 88 ) 2. Mespilus Crus galli. Pear leaved Thorn « This rifes with a ftrong- item to the height of fif- teen or twenty feet, fending off many long ; and of- ten nearly horizontal) branches, armed with long, fharp thorns. The leaves are of an oblong, oval fhape, or often narrowed towards the bafe, fawed on their edges, fmooth, and of a deep, Chining green colour, and thick confidence. The flowers come out late, and are produced in fmall clufters at the ends of the branches. The fruit are of a middling fize and of a dark or dirty reddifh colour. Qbf. The flowers have frequently but one ffyle. 3. Mespilus cuneiformis. Wedge leaved Mef- This grows often to the height of twenty feet or more, with a ftrong ffem of dive or fix inches in di» ameter, covered with a dark rough bark, dividing into many branches, and armed with long fharp thorns. The leaves are fmooth, wedge, or inverfe- egg-fhaped, and pointed ; flightly and fomewhat doubly ferrated towards their extremities, of a fhin- ing green colour on their upper furface and veined ■with oblique parallel veins. The flowers are pro- duced in fmall clufters at the ends of the branches and are fucceeded by middle fized reddifh fruit. 4. Mespilus Azarolus major. Great Azarole , or Hawthorn . This kind frequently rifes to the height of twelve or fifteen feet, with a ftrong Item covered with a lightifh rough bark, dividing into many branches, and armed with many long thorns. The leaves are larger ( 89 ) larger than thofe of the other kinds, fomewhat egg- ihaped, but toothed or angled, fawed on their edges, and much veined. The flowers are produced in umbels at the extremity of the branches and are fucceeded by large fruit, of a dark red colour. 5. Mespilus Azarolus minor. Smaller Aza - role , or Hawthorn . This has much the appearance of the laft, hut is fmaller in growth, leaves and fruit. 6. Mespilus: Oxyacahtha aure&* Tell&w ber~ vied Hawthorn . This rifes to the height of fix or eight feet, di- viding into feveral branches and armed with fliarp thorns. The leaves are fomewhat egg-fhaped, but acutely toothed and fawed on their edges. The flowers are produced akS in the other kinds and are fucceeded by middling fized fruit, of a greenifli yel- low colour when ripe. 7. Mespilus apiifolia^ Virginian Parjley haw- ed Mejpilus . This is generally of low growth, rifing perhaps to the height of five or fix feet, and armed with a Tew fliarp thorns. The leaves are final!, Aiming and much cut or divided on their edges. The fruit are finall and red coloured. ^ * Without M ( 9° ) * % Without Thorns . 8. Mespillts nivea. ' Early ripe , EfculentL fruited Medlar , or wild Service . This rifes frequently to the height of fifteen or twenty feet, dividing into feveral branches, which are without thorns, and covered with a fmooth, whitifh, fpotted bark. The leaves are of an oblong oval; pointed, (Lightly . and acutely ferrated, hairy and whitifh at their firfl appearance, but becoming fmooth and of a dark green, efpecially upon their upper Tides. The flowers are produced from the Tides of the fmall branches in loofe bunches or pa- nicles, of a fnowy white colour, and are fucceeded by fruit near the fde of a Goole-berry, which are (oft, fucc lilent, Tweet tafted, and purpiifh coloured when ripe. The flowers of this come out before the leases are expanded, perfectly white, and thick fet upon the branches, making a fine appearance. The fruit is ripe in June, pretty large and of an agreea- ble tafle. There is a variety of this of fmaller growth, but of the fame appearance. 9. Mespil us pr unifolia. Plumb leaved Medlar . > This grows naturally in moifl places rifmg with (lender ftems to the height of fix or eight feet, di« viding into but few branches and without thorns. The leaves are inverfe egg- Hi aped, pointed, (lightly ferrated, of a dark gr^en on their upper furface, but lighter and downy underneath. The flowers are produced at the extremity of the branches in duffers, and are fucceeded by fmall fruit of a dark purpiifh colour when ripe. There ( 91 ) There is a variety of this, generally rifing but to the height of two or three feet. The fruit are fomewhat larger and of the fame colour, but other- wife much refembling the other. 10. Mespilus canadenfis. Dwarf red fruit- ed Medlar . This rifes to the height of four or five feet, \toth ilender fmopth hems, much refembling the laft de- fcribed, except in having fruit of a red colour when ripe. There is alfo a variety of this of fmaller growth, which produces fruit of a beautiful red co- lour. Obf. The characters of the Crataegus and Mefpi- lus differ fo immaterially that, I fhould fuppofe, they might be reduced to one Genus, with much greater propriety than the Beech and Chefnut. They are Genera in which much confufion prevails amoijgft Botanical writers, fome claffmg moft of the Species under the Crataegus, others the fame Species under the Mefpilus ; neither is it eafy to determine to which they, with moft propriety, belong. I have frequent- ly obferved in fome Species from one to three ftyles, in others from three to five, but not having obferved any to be conftant with two, agreeably to the cha- racter of the Crataegus, have ranged none under that Genus. We have, native of thefe ftates, feve- ral Species of Mefpilus, and a great number of Va- rieties^ which, until better difcriminated and afcer- tained, can never be deferibed with any degree of accuracy. MITCHELLA. ( 92 ) MITCHELL A. MITCHELL A. Clafs 4. Order 1. Tetrandria Monogynia. THE Flowers are twin, or two fitting upon the fame bud; and each having an Empalement , four parted, erefl, per- manent and above. A Corolla of one petal, funntl form. The tube cylindrical; the border four-parted, fpreading and hairy within. And four Filaments , thread-form, ere£t,^and within the bofom of the corolla. With Anther ce oblong, and acute. The Germen is twin, orbiculate, common to both, and beneath. The ' tyles are one in each flower, thread- form and the length of the corolla. The Stigmas are four, oblong. The 6 eed-vejjel is a berry, two parted and globofe. The Seeds are four, compreffed and callous. There is bat one Species of this Genus , viz. Mitchella repens. Creeping evergreen Mitchella. This is a fmall plant, growing upon moffy, north- ern, fhaded banks, with ilender Ihrubby (talks, ly- ing clofe to the ground, and putting out roots at the joints. The leaves are ever-green, of a thick con- iifience, obtufely egg-fhaped, and entire; they are placed oppofite and thick upon the branches, with fhort footftaiks, and are often marked longitudinally with a whitifh vein. The flowers are produced at the bofom of the leaves, they are double, or two arifing from one bud, of a white colour, and are fucceeded by fmall roundifh red berries. MOMJS. ( 93 ) M O R U S. The MULBERRY-TREE, Clafs 21. Order 4. Monoecia Tetrandria. *rPHE Male Flowers are difpofed in Katkins. -*■ i he Empalement is four parted; the leaves ovate and concave. The Corolla none. The Filaments are four, awl-fhaped, ereft, longer than the calyx, and one within each leaf of the flower cup. The Anthem are Ample. ♦The Female Flowers are colle&ed, either in the fame, or a different plant from the male. The Empalement 1 s four leaved : the leaves are roundiih, obtufe, permanent; the two oppofite exterior incumbent. The Corolla none. The Germen is heart- ikaped. The Style? are two, awl-fhaped, long, reflexed, and rough. The Stigmas are Ample. The Seed-vejjel none. The Empalements becoming flefliy fuc-* culent berries, jointly forming an oblong rough fruit. The Seeds, one in each berry, ovate acute. We have but one Species, native with us> viz. Morus r libra . Large - leaved Virginian Mul- berry Tree . This grows common in many parts of North-* America, to the height of twenty or thirty feet, and with a trunk from twelve to eighteen inches or more in diameter; dividing into many branches, which are garnifhed with large, rough, heart-fhaped, ob- long, pointed leaves; fawed on their edges, and fometimes with others largely and deeply divided in- to two, three, or more pointed lobes. The leaves of male trees are generally larged. The fruit is large, of a dark purplifh colour when ripe, very fuc- culent ( 94 ) culent and of an agreeable tafle. The timber affords very durable polls, for fencing, &c. As our Mul- berry has been found, upon trial, to anfwer well for the purpofe of raifing filk worms, and growing fpon- taneoufly and plentifully in many parts of thefe ftates; it is prefumed, many of our countrymen might profitably apply their attention to the culture of filk. M Y R I C A. CANDLEBERRY MYRTLE. Clafs 22. Order 5. Dioecia Tetrandria. r*PHE Flo/ ?^e Male and Female on different plants. A * The Male. The Calyx is a Katkin ovate-oblong, loofe, imbricated on all fides, and confiding of Scales , which are one flowered, moon-fliape, obtufely pointed, and concave. The Corolla none. The Filaments are four, (rarely fix) thread-form, ihort, and eredt. The Anthem are large and twin, with two-cleft lobes, *The Female. The Calyx and Corolla as in the male. The Germen is fomewhat ovate. The Styles are two, thread- form and longer than the calyx. The Stigmas are Ample. The Seed-vejjel is a berry, of one cell. The Seed is one. Obf. The Gale has four fiamina: the Berry comprefled at the apex, and three lobed : the cerifera has fix fiamina : the berry fucculent and roundifh. The Species with us, are , 1. My rica cerifera. Candleberry Myrtle . Thfs grows naturally upon low boggy lands, ril- ing with many ftrong fhrubby flalks, to the height of fix or wight feet; Sending out feveral branches, which ( 95 ) which are furnifhed with (tiff fpear-fhaped leaves, a little fawed towards their extremities, of a yellow- iih lucid green on their upper Tides but paler under- neath, having very fhort footflalks, and of a grate- ful odour when bruited. The katkins come out on different plants from the berries, and are about an inch long,, (landing eredl. The female flowers come out on the Tides of The branches in long bunches, and are fucceeded by fmall roundifh berries, covered with a mealy fubflance, and affording a kind of green wax, which is fome times ufed in making can- dles. 2, Myrica cerifera humilis. Dwarf Candleberry Myrtle . This is a variety of the former kind, differing; from it in being of a lower growth, the branches not fo flrong, and covered with a greyifh bark. The leaves are alfo fhorter and broader, and more faw- ed on their edges. The berries afford a wax like the others. 3. Myrica Gale. American Bog Gale . This alfo grows naturally in bogs and fwamps^ rifmg with fhrubby (talks to the height of two or three feet, garnifhed with lance-fhaped leaves, fmooth and a little fawed towards their points. The berries are dry, compreffed at the apex and three lobed, NYSSA. The TUPELO-TREE, Clafs 23. Order 1. Polygamia Dioecia. rT'HE Flowers are Male and Hermaphrodite , (in fome Species A Mate and Female) upon different plants. * The ( 96 ) * The Male. The Empalement is five-parted and fpreading, with a plane bot- tom. * \ The Corolla none. **'■ * The Filaments are ten, awl-fhaped and ihorter than the calyx* The Anthem are twin and the length of the filaments. * The Hermaphrodite. The Empalement as in the male, fitting upon the germen. The Corolla none. The Filaments ar.e five, awl-fhaped,. and ereft. The Anther 4 ) The fruit is likewife produced the fame manner, but is fmaller, of a red colour, and an extremely acid tafte. And alfo to the Genus Prunus, belongs , L AURO-CER ASUS. The LAUREL-TREE. Of which we have but one Species, viz. Prunus-Lauro-Cerasus ferratifolia. Carolinian Evergreen Bay-tree . This is ct beautiful evergreen fhrub, but of fmal! growth ; fpreading with lateral branches, on every fide and covered with a brown bark. The leaves are fpear-fhaped, above two inches long and three quarters of an inch or more in breadth, with a few lharp ferratures on their edges, Handing alternately on very fhort footftalks, of a thick confiftence, and fliining green colour, continuing their verdure all the year. The flowers are generally very numerous, perfectly white, and are fucceeded by roundifli fruit of the fize of a middling cherry, of a black colour when ripe. This is a native of South Carolina, and other iouthern States. P T E L E A. PTELEA, Clafs 4, Order 1. Tetrandria Monogynia. HTIdE Empalement is five-parted, acute, and fmall. The Corolla has four petals, ovate-lanced, plane, fpread- ing, larger than the calyx, and coriaceous. The ( "5 ) The Filaments are four, awl-fhaped. Th s Antherce are roundifh. The Germen is orbiculate and comprefled. The Style is ihort. The Higmas are two, a little obtufe. The Seed-vejjel is a roundilh, perpendicular membrane, in the center two cell’d. The Seed is one, obtufe, and leflened at the bafe. Obf. The Petals and ftamina, alfo the divifions of the calyx, have often one added to their number. We have, with us, but one Species, viz. Ptelea trifoliata. Carolinian Shrub-Trefoil. This rifes with an upright woody ftem, to the height of ten or twelve feet, dividing into many branches, covered with a fmooth greyilh bark. The leaves are trifoliate, or compofed of three oval, fpear-fhaped lobes, of a bright green on their upper fide, but paler underneath, and inferred together at the end of a pretty long footftalk. The flowers ter- minate the branches in a kind of umbel, or large branching heads, of a whitifli herbaceous colour; and are fucceeded by roundifh, flat, bordered cap- fules, fomewhat refembling thofe of the Elm, each containing two feeds. P Y R O L A. WINTER-GREEN. Clafs io. Order i. Decandria Monogynia. THE Empalementjs five-parted, fmall, and permanent. The Corolla is compofed of five petals, which are round- iiTi, concave, and fpreading. The Filaments are ten, awl-fliaped, fhorter than the corolla. The Antherce are nodding, large, and two-horned upward. The Piftillum has a roundilh, angular Germen ; a filiform, per- manent Style , longer than the ftamina,- and a thickiih Stigma. The ( n6 ) The Pericarpium, or S eed-vejjel, is a roundiih, aepreffed, pea tagonal Capjule , with five cells, gaping at the angles. The Seeds are numerous and chaffy. Obf. The Stamina and ftyle differ fometimes in fituation The Species, with us , are , i. Pyrola maculata. Spotted Pyrola. This is a fmall plant, feldom rifing above four or five inches high, with (lender ligneous (talks. The leaves are ever-green, oblong and pointed, of a thick confidence, with a few (harp ferratures on their edges; fmooth and of a dark green on their upper fides, but marked with a broad, branching, longi- tudinal vein or (treak, of a whitidi or paler colour; and (omewhat reddifli underneath. There are gene- rally three or four of thefe placed at the top of the item fomewhat horizontally, and fometimes fmaller ones beneath, fet by threes. The (lowers are like- wdfe produced at the top upon a pretty long, (nod- ding at firft, but afterwards ereft) divided footftalk, often fuftaining two or three white (lowers, which are fucceeded by roundiih, depreffed capfules, filled with fmall feeds. 2. Pyrola rotundifolia. Round leaved Pyrola . This is of fmaller growth than the former, hav- ing about three or four roundiih leaves, rifing from the root, with pretty long three fided footflalks, channelled above. Thefe often become pretty large and a little waved on their edges, they are of a light green, and fcarcely perennial. The (lowers are pro- duced upon a radical triangular footftalk, of four or five inches in length, in form of a racemus or bunch, fupporting five or fix white flowers, which are fuc- ceeded by fmall, round, deprefled capfules. 3. Pyrola 3- Pyrola umbellata. Umbellated Pyrola. This grows commonly to the height of five or fix inches, generally fet pretty thick with leaves, which are wedge-fhaped or narrowed towards the bafe, fmooth, of a Alining green, and fharply fawed on their edges. The flowers terminate the flalks on a pretty long divided footflalk, in a kind of little um- bel, which is nodding at firfh but becomes eredt, fup- porting five or fix round, pentagonal, depreffed cap- iules, filed with final! feeds. A decodhon or infufion of this, has been ufed with confiderable fuccefs as a fubftitute for the Peru- vian bark. The roots are faid to give eale in the tooth ach. This kind is called by the Indians Phip- fefawa, P Y R U S. The PEAR-TREE. Clafs 12. Order 4. Icofandria Pentagynia* T^HE Empalement is of one leaf, concave, half five-cleft, and -*• permanent* the fegments fpreading. The Corolla has five roundifh, concave, large petals, inferted in the empalement. The Filaments are twenty, awl-ihaped, fihorter than the corolla, and inferted in the empalement. The Anthers fimple. The Germen is beneath. 1 he Styles five, thread- form, the length of the ftamina. The Stigmas fimple. The Seed-vejjel a pome , roundiik umbilicated and flefliy, with five membranaceous cells. The Seeds a few, oblong, obtufe, lharpened at the bafe, con- vex on one fide and plane on the other. To this Genus belongs MALUS, ( “3 ) M A L U S. The APPLE-TREE. Of which we have one Species, viz. Pyrus-Malus coronaria. Virginian fweetfcented Grab-Tree. This often grows to the height of twelve or fifteen feet, dividing into many ftifF branches, fet pretty thick'with fhort fliff fpurs. The leaves are fo me what like thofe of the Apple-tree, but often toothed, or largely and irregularly fawed on their edges. The • ( flowers generally come out thick upon the branches, upon pretty long dividing footllalks; they are pretty large, of a beautiful blufh colour, and fragrant odour at their firfl appearance. The fruit is fmall, hard, roundiih, umbilicated, and extremely acid. It is frequently ufed for conferves, &c. There is faid to be a variety of this in Carolina with evergeen leaves, though I have never feen it. QJJ E R C U S. The OAK-TREE. Clafs 21, Order 8. Monoecia Polyandria. *rpHE Male Flowers are difpofed in a Ioofe katkin. The Empalement is of one leaf, four or five-parted; the divifions are acute and often bifid. The; have no Corolla . The Filaments are feveral, very ihort. The Anthem large and double. *The Female are in clofe buds, on the fame plant with the Male. The Ferianthium is of one leaf, coriaceous, hemifphericab rough, and entire, fcarce manifefi in the flower. There ( ”9 ) There is no Corolla . The Germeri is egg-fhaped and fmall. The Style Ample, five- cleft and longer than the empalement. The Stigmas axe* fimple and permanent. There is no Seed-veJJ'el , but an oval, columnar, fmooth nut, ihaved at the bafe and affixed in^the ffiort calyx. The Species and Varieties with us , are many , which 9 I think , may be divided in the following manner 9 into * ()uercus alba. White Oak. i. Quercus alba. Common American White Oak • This grows very common, and with age arrives to the fize of a large tree of feventy or eighty feet in height, and of three, four, five, or more feet in diameter*, dividing into many large branches, and covered with a whitifh fcaly bark. The leaves are narrowed towards the bafe, but fpreading and deeply finuated obliquely, towards the ends; the fmufes ob- tufe, the angles, or productions unequal in length, entire and obtufe. They are of a glaucous, or light green underneath and have very fhort footftalks® The acorns are middling fized, fitting in fmall (hal- low cups. There are foine varieties of this, differing in the hardnefs and toughnefs of the timber, and fomewhat in their acorns or fruit. It affords a hard, tough, ufeful and valuable timber, which is hewed into beams, &c. for frame buildings ; fawed into plank, &c. for fliip building; and applied to various other ufeful purpofes. Our fwine are often wholly fatted upon the feveral kinds of acorns, but for thefe and Chefnut Oak they feek molt diligently. 2. Quercus r. ( 120 ) 2. Quercus alba minor. Barren White Oak . This grows generally upon poor, barren, or wafte land, riling perhaps to the height of thirty or forty feet, covered with fcaly greyifh bark. The leaves are fo me what rough, but of a fhining green above, fomewhat paler underneath ; they are fmuated deep- ly, moil obtufely, and irregularly; the lobes or pro- ductions (if I may be allowed the expreflion) are obtufe, often fomewhat angular, and very irregular. The acorns are fmall and ftriped. The timber is ac- counted very durable for pods, to fet in the earth ; otherwife not much efteerned unlefs for fuel. 3. Quercus alba paluflris. Swamp White Oak . This becomes a pretty large fpreadlng tree, of two or three feet in diameter and of proportionable height. The bark is often rougher or more furrowed than the other kinds, and greyifh coloured. The leaves are fomewhat wedge-fhaped or narrowed towards the bafe, and toothed on their edges and extremities. The acorns are larger and rounder than thofe of the common White Oak, and have larger and thicker cups, fupported often by pairs upon a long, ftrong footflalk. # # Quercus nigra. Black Oak . 4. Quercus nigra. Common Fennfyhanian Black Oak . This grows to the height of fixty or feventy feet, and to three or four feet in diameter, with large fpreading branches. The leaves are large, fpread- ing, and fomewhat woolly; their foetftalks longer than thofe of the White Oak. They are irregular- ( *21 ) ly and fometimes pretty deeply fmuated, the angles or produ&ions unequal, generally obtufe, yet with their veins extending in a briftly point. The acorns are roundifh and not large, fitting in thick fcaly cups. There is, I think, a variety of this of much fihaller growth, with larger leaves and differing fomewhat in the fruit. Our common Black Oak is ufed much (where Cedar is fcarce) for making fhingles, and alfo for rails, & c. 5. Quercus nigra M This grows naturally in low lands, rifing to the height of thirty or forty feet, with a trunk of con- fiderable thicknefs, covered with a rough blackifh bark. The leaves are finuated, or divided towards their extremities into two or three pretty long, fome- what fingerdhaped lobes, of unequal length, with others fhorter, fometimes at the Tides; all of which end in a briftly point. The acorns are final!, but the cups pretty large. 6. Quercus nigra trifida. Maryland Black Oak . This grows naturally in Maryland, and other low lands, with a trunk of eighteen inches or two feet in diameter, and thirty or forty feet in height. The leaves are wedge-fhaped, or narrowed towards the bafe, and three-pointed, with briftly terminationSo The acorns and cups refemble the laft mentioned. 7. Quercus nigra integrifolia. Entire-leaved Black Oak. This grows about the fize of the other low-land Black Oak, and is of the fame appearance, except the digitata. Finger-leaved ck Oak. i ( 122 ) the leaves being fo me what inverfe egg-lhaped, and often a little notched or indented on each fide to- wards the extremity. 8. Quercus nigra pumila. Dwarf Black Oak . This grows naturally upon poor barren ridges, rifmg to the height of five or fix feet, with a crook- ed, branching Item. The leaves are about three pointed, much refembiing thofe of the Maryland Black Oak. The acorns are fmall, and Hand in fmall {hallow cups. This, I believe, is of little ufe or beauty. * * # Quercus rubra. Red Oak . 9. Quercus rubra maxima. Largeft Red Oak . This often becomes a large tree, of the height of feventy or eighty feet and of four, five, or fometimes fix feet in diameter; retaining its thicknefs to a con- fiderable height, and without lateral branches, but fpreading at the top. The leaves are large, obtufe- ly and but lightly finuated, the angles acute, each often terminating with feveral acute, briftly points. The acorns are large and fomewhat conical, fitting in broad fhallow cups. The timber is ufed for ftaves, fhingles, rails, &c. 10. Quercus rubra ramofiflima. Water Red Oak. This grows moil naturally by creek fides, or in low wet places, riling to the height of a pretty large tree; generally thick fet with {lender lateral branches, and covered with fomewhat finooth, greyifh colour- ed bark. The leaves are fmall, obtufely and deep- ]Y ( *23 ) Sy finuated, pretty uniformly, almoft to, the midrib; the angles or lobes are narrow, acute, and unequal, each terminating with feveral briftly points. The acorns and cups are fmall. This is generally known by the name of Water or Low Land Spanilh Oak. The buts of thefe trees are often ufed for rimming of carriage wheels, & c. ix. Que rcus rubra montana. Upland Red Oak. This grows naturally upon higher and poorer land than the others, often attaining to fifty or fixty feet in height. The bark is fomewhat rough and light- ifh coloured. The leaves are deeply and obtufely finuated, fomewhat regularly; the angles fomewhat bitrifid, or ending in feveral acute, briftly points; their footftalks are pretty long. The acorns and cups are middling fized. The timber is generally worm eaten, or rotten at heart, therefore of little efteem. It is likewife commonly known by the name of Spanifh Oak; and, I think, has fome va- rieties differing in the fize of their fruit and leaves. 12. Quercus rubra nana. Dwarf Barren Oak . This grows naturally upon dry barren ridges, and is found from five to ten feet high, generally grow- ing very crooked. The leaves are fmaller, but fome- what refemble thofe laft defcribed. The acorns and cups are fmall, the acorns red at the bafe and ft rip- ed when taken firft from their cups. It is called barren from its place of growth, but is generally ah moft covered with fruit, fitting very clofe on all fides of the branches. *### Quercus ( m ) *### Quercus Phellos. Willow-leaved Oak ij. Quercus Phellos anguftifolia. Narrow Willow-leaved Oak . This grows naturally in low lands, and to the height of fifty or fixty feet, with a trunk of confi- derable fize. The leaves are entire, fmooth, oblong, and lance-fhaped, of about three inches in length and half an inch in breadth, and have very fliort footftalks. The acorns and cups are fmalh The timber is found and good. 14. Quercus Phellos latifolia, Broad Willow- leaved Oak . This tree very much refembles the other in every refpeft, except in having leaves of about double the width; and broader but perhaps fhorter cups and acorns. 1 5. Quercus Phellos fempervirens. Ever- green Willow-leaved Oak9 This grows naturally in Carolina, becoming a pretty large tree, of the height of forty feet or more. The leaves are perennial, entire, fomewhat oval, fpear-fhaped, of a dark green colour and thick con- fiftence. The acorns are fmall, oblong, fitting in Ihort cups, and containing a very fweet kerneh The timber is hard, tough and coarfe grained. # # # # # Quercus # # # # * ( 125 ) Quercus Prinus. Chef nut -leaved Oak . 1 6. Quercus Prinus. Chefnut-leaved Oak . This grows naturally upon a light gravelly foil, frequently to forty feet or more in height, and above two feet in diameter; covered with a furrowed, lightifh coloured bark. The leaves are fomewhat oval and uniformly crenated on their edges, or ra- ther fometimes obtufely toothed. The acorns are fmooth and large, greenifh coloured and fitting in (hallow fpreading cups. The timber fomewhat ap- proaches towards that of Chefnut in appearance, but affords very good fuel, rails, & c. 17. Quercus Prinus humilis. D*warf Chef- nut or Ckinquepin Oak . This generally rifes with feveral fhrubby, fpread- ing (talks, to the height of two or three feet. The leaves are fomewhat wedge-fhaped and toothed, or (lightly and obliquely fmuated. The acorns and cups pretty much referable thofe of the large kind, but are confiderably fmaller. It may not be improper here to make fome re- marks with refpedt to cutting, or felling of timber. Long experience, I think, hath fufficiently afcertain- ed, that timber cut down in the fpring of the year, when full of fap, and the leaves fully expanded ; and alfo in the third or laft quarter of the moon’s age; is much more durable than when cut at any other time. Timber when full of fap and vigour, in all probability, contains alfo more oily particles, which, in proportion as they abound, are known to add to its durability. With regard to the influence of the moon, it may probably be accounted a fuper- (litious ( 126 ) ffitious or whimfical fancy, but that k materially af- feds timber is a fad well known to thofe who (trip, or peel bark for the ufe of tanners; and when ac- counted for in one cafe, may probably throw lome light upon the other. But further, it is alfo a fad well known, that timber, whofe bark has been fuffi- ciently feparated and peeled round at the but, in or- der for deading, as it is termed; if done in the de- creafe of the moon, retains its greennefs often a con- fiderable time; but if in the increafe, withers in a much ihorter time. From hence, I think, we may conclude, that the fap or juice of trees, has a kind of monthly circulation, or revolution ; afcending in the moon’s decreafe, but defending in the increafe. However, be this as it may, the falling of timber in the different phafis of the moon, is confidently af- ferted, from experience, to materially affed its du- rability. RHODODENDRUM. DWARF ROSE-BAY. Clafs io. Order i. Decandria Monogynia. F~THE Empalement is of one leaf, five parted and permanent. TheCorolla of one leaf, wheel-funnelled : the border fpread- ing: the divifions rounded. The Filaments ten, thread-form, almoft the length of the co- rolla, and declined. The Antherce oval. The Germen five cornered, retufe. The Style thread-form, the length of the corolla. The Stigma obtufe. The Seed-veJJel ovate, angled, five ceil’d. The Seeds numerous and fmali. We have , with us , but one Species, viz. Rhodo- Rhododendrum maximum. Pennfylvanian Mountain Laurel. This grows to the height of about fix or eight feet, often with feveral items from the fame root. The leaves are oblong and entire, generally about four or five inches in length and one and a half or near two in breadth : of a thick confiftence, and fiiining dark green on the upper fide but lighter un- derneath, continuing their verdure all the year. The flowers are pretty large and of a pale rofe co- lour, ftudded with fpots of a deeper red, having their tubes a little bent. They are produced at the extremity of the former year’s flioots, in roundifii clufters, making a beautiful appearance. This is much and defervedly efieemed as a very beautiful, evergreen, flowering fiirub. RHUS. SUMACH. Clafs 5. Order 3. Pentandria Trigynia. THE Empalement1 is five-parted, beneath, ereft, and perma- nent. The Corolla of five petals, ovate and a little fpreading. The Filaments are five, very fhort. The Anthera fmall, Ihort- er than the corolla. The Germen above, roundiiTi, and the fize of the corolla. The Styles fcarce any. The Stigmas three, hearted, fmall. The Seed-veJJel a berry, roundiih, and of one cell. The Seed one, roundifh, bony. Obf. The Toxicodendron has fmooth, ftriated berries : the kernel comprefTed and furrowed. The Vernix is male and female upon different plants. The Glabrum (and perhaps fome others) is female and her- maphrodite on different plants. The ( 128 ) fie Species with m> are , 1 . Rh us Copallinum. Lentifcus-leaved Sumach . This grows to the height of fix, eight, or fome- times ten feet, dividing into {lender branches, and covered with fpeckled bark. The leaves are wing- ed, and compofed of four or five pair of narrow, entire lobes, terminated by an odd one; joined to a common footftalk; with decurrent, leaffy expanfi- ons between each pair of lobes. The flowers are produced in loofe, compound panicles, of, an her- baceous colour, and are fucceeded by reddifh feeds, fprinkled with a greyifh pounce. This grows natu- rally in a flaty, gravelly foil. The berries are very acid. There are fome varieties of this, much re- fembling it but of fmalier growth, and with redder berries. 2. Rhus glabrum. Smooth Pennfylvanian Su- mach, This grows naturally in feveral of the northern States, rifing to the height of fix or eight feet, di- viding in a few thick, pithy and fomewhat angled branches; covered with a fmooth bark. The leaves are. large and winged, compofed of eight, nine, or ten pair of lobes, and an odd one.; oblong, point- ed and fawed on their edges ; of a pretty deep green on their upper fides, but much lighter underneath and changing reddifh in autumn. The flowers are hermaphrodite and female on feparate plants, and are produced in large, ere£f, compounded panicles, or thyrfi, terminating the branches; of an herbace- ous colour; the hermaphrodite of which are largefl: and barren, but the female are fucceeded by feeds with a red meally covering, of an acid tafte. Rhus ( ** 9 ) Rhus glabrum carolinenfe. Carolinian Scarlet-flower* ing Sumach . This is a variety of the laft defcribed, bat differ- ing in having fcarlet flowers. Rhus glabrum canadenfe. Canadian Red-flowering Sumach . This is alfo a variety of the fame, growing natu- rally in Canada, with red flowers. Rhus typhinum. Stag s-horn Sumach . This grows naturally in Virginia and Pennfylva* nia, often riling to the height of twelve or fifteen feet, with a trunk of fix or eight inches in diame- ter; dividing at the top into ieveral branches ; which, when young, are covered with a foft, velvet-like down, refembling that of a young flag’s horn, both in colour and texture. The leaves are compofed of fix or feven pair of oblong lobes, terminated by an odd one, ending in acute points, and together with the midrib, a little hairy underneath. The flowers are produced in a clofe, eredt panicle or thyrfus, terminating the branches ; they are of an herbace- ous colour and are fucceeded by feeds enclofed in a purple, woolly, fucculent covering ; making a fine appearance in the autumn. Rhus canadenfe. Canadian trifoliate Su- mach, This grows naturally in Canada, and perhaps the northern parts of Pennfylvania. The items are {len- der, rifing to the height of fix or eight feet, and covered with a brown bark. The leaves are com- R pofed ( I3° ) pofed of thr.ee lobes, fomewhat egg*fftaped and joined to a common footftalk. The flowers are male and female on different plants. To this Genus is alfo added > TOXICODENDRON, The POISON -TREE. Of which we have , i. Rhus-Toxicodendron Vernix. Varnijh- Tree , or Poifon AJh . This rifes with a pretty ftrong, ered ftem, to the height of twelve or fourteen feet; dividing towards the top into feveral branches. The leaves are wing* ed, and compofed of three or four pair of lobes* terminated by an odd one ; which are for the moft part oval, fpear-fliaped, fmooth, and of a lucid green on their upper fide, but paler and a little hairy un- derneath ; their footftalks changing of a purple co- lour in autumn. The male and female flowers are produced upon different trees, and are difpofed in loofe panicles, coming out from the bofom of the leaves ; of an herbaceous colour. The female are fucceedcd by fmall, roundiih feeds, of a lightifli co- lour when ripe. This is allowed to be the fame with the true Varnifh-tree of japan; where it is col- lefted in great quantities, by making incifions in the trees and placing veflels underneath to receive the milky juice, which hardens and becomes the true varnifli; much ufed in various kinds of curious workmanlhip. This, in all probability, might be collected here equal in quality with that of Japan and to considerable advantage. This tree ought to { »3i ) be handled with caution, as it is very poifonous to many people. 2. Rhus-Toxicodendron toxicodendrum , Poifon-Oak . This has a low, ihrubby (talk, feldom rifing above three or four feet. The leaves are trifoliate, with pretty long footftalks, the lobes are entire, fmooth and fomewhat heart-fhaped. The flowers come out from the fides of the ftalks, in loofe panicles of an herbaceous colour; fmall, and not always herma- phrodite. They are fucceeded by roundifh, chan- nelled, fmooth berries, of a yellowifli grey colour when ripe. 3. Rhus-Toxicodendron radicans. Poifon - Vine. This rifes with many lhrubby diming Items, at- taching themfelves to* every neighbouring fupport; and often rifing to the height of twenty or thirty feet, with a item of two or three inches in diameter; fending oflf many branches. The leaves are trifoli- ate, and have pretty long footftalks : the lobes are fomewhat oval and pointed, often fomewhat toothed. The flowers are produced in fhort panicles from the fides of the branches, and are fucceeded by round® ifh berries, of a brownilh colour when ripe. R I B E S. The CURRANT-BUSH. Clafs 5. Order 1. Pentandria Monogynia. 'T-’HE Empalement is of one leaf, part five-deft and bellied* T the divifions oblong, concave, coloured, reflexed and permanent. The ( *32 ) The Corolla is of five petals, fmall, obtufe and ereft, adjoined to the margin of the empalement. The Filaments are five, awl-fhaped, ereft and infer ted in the calyx. The Antherce are incumbent, comprefied, and gap- ing at the margin. The Germen roundifh. and beneath. The Style bifid. The Stig- mas obtufe. The Seed-veffel a berry, globous, umbilicated and of one cell, with two receptacles, lateral, oppofite and longitudinal. The Seeds many, roundifli, and fomewhat comprefied. The Species, with us , are , * Ribefia inermia. Currant-Trees . s. Ribes nigrum pennfylvanicum. Pennfyl- 'vanian Black Currants . This grows to the height of the common cultivat- ed Currant, but the ftalks are generally more Hen- der and covered with a darkifh, fmooth bark. The leaves have the fame refemblance but are fmaller. The flowers grow in loofe bunches, and are fucceed- ed by oblong, black fruit when ripe. * * Groflularias aculeate. Goof e-berries. 2. Ribes oxycanthoides. Mountain Wild Goofe - berry . Thefe grow to the fize of the common Goofe- ber- ry,but have fmaller Items and not branching fo much ; but near the earth are often prickly on all fides. The leaves are fmaller but have the fame appearance. The fruit is alfo much fmaller but of an agreeable tafte when ripe. This either by a little culture becomes fmooth, otherwife we have a different kind, not more prickly than the common. 3. Ribes ( I3J ) 3. Ribes cynofbati. Prickly fruited Wild Goofe-berry. This grows naturally in Canada and the upper parts of Pennfylvania; and much refembles the other, except in having its fruit covered on all Tides with fofiifh prickles. R O B I N I A. ROBIN I A, or FALSE-ACACIA. Oafs 17. Order 3. Diadelphia Decandria. 'THE Empalement is of one leaf, fmall, bell-fhaped, and four- toothed : the three inferior (lender ; the fuperior fourth of double the width, and (lightly emarginated ; all equal in length. The' Corolla Butterfiy-iTiaped. The Standard roundiih, large, fpreading and obtufe. The JVings oblong, ovate, free: with very fhort, obtufe ap- pendages. The Keel almoft femi-orbiculate, compreffed, obtufe, and the length of the wings. The Stamina are Filaments in two fets, or bodies; (one Ample, the other nine-cleft) riling above. The Antherce roundiih. The Germen cylindrical, oblong. The Style thread-form, bent upward. The Stigma villous before, at the apex of the ftyle. The Seed-veJJel large, compreffed, gibbous, and long. The Seeds few, kidney-form. The Species with us, are , 1. Rqbxnia Pfeud-Acacia. White flowering Robinia , or Lociifl-Tree . This grows naturally in feveral of thefe States ; rifmg to the height of forty or fifty feet, with a trunk of eighteen or twenty inches in diameter, di- viding ( 134 ) viding into many branches which are armed with fhort, (trong fpines. The bark is darkifh coloured and rough. The leaves are winged and generally compofed of eight or ten pair of fmall, oval lobes, terminated by an odd one; entire, of a bright green and fitting clofe to the midrib. The flowers are pro- duced from the fides of the branches in long pendu- lous bunches, each having a feparate footftalk ; they are white, of a butterfly fhape and fweet fmelling ; and are fucceeded by comprefled pods, of three or four inches in length and half an inch in width, con- taining feveral hard, kidney-fhaped feeds. The tim- ber is very durable, and ufed for polls to fet in the earth, and other purpofes ; therefore, the propaga- tion of it might be well worthy of attention. Its natural place of growth is in a rich moift foil. 2. Robinia rofea. Rofe coloured Robinia . This fpreads much from its running roots, lend- ing up weak branching ftaiks, to the height of fix or eight feet, but often flowering much fmaller. The whole plant, with the footflalks of the leaves and flowers, are clofely armed with foft, purplilh fpines. The leaves are winged and compofed of five or fix pair of oval, concave lobes, terminated by an odd one, with their midribs protruding in fhort briftly points. The flowers are larger than thofe of the other kind and of a Peach blofibm colour, with their (lamina diftindlly in two bodies; whereas thofe of the other are frequently all joined at the bafe. This is a beautiful flowering fhrub, fometimes flow- ering twice or more in a feafon, but feldom produc- ing feeds. There are feveral other varieties differ- ing fomev/hat in their pods or colour of their flow- ers. ROSA. y c 135 ) ROSA. The ROSE-BUSH. Clafs 12. Order 5. Icofandria Polygynia. 4T1HE Empalement is of one leaf. The tube bellied; narrow-, ed at the neck; the border fpreading, five parted and glo~ bous : the divifions long, narrow and pointed. The Corolla is compofed of five petals, h ear t-lh aped, the length of the empalement, and inferted in its neck. The Stamina are very many, capillary, very fhort, and inferted in the neck of the empalement. The Stigmas obtufe. The Seed-veJJel is fleihy, top-£haped, coloured, and of one cell. The Seeds numerous, oblong, hairy, and joined within on all tides of the Seed-vefTel. The Species, native with us, are \ 1. Rosa carolmenlis, Wild Virginian Rofe . This rifes with feveral flalks to the height of five or fix feet, fomewhat pricldy, as are alfo the foot- flalks of the leaves and flowers. The leaves are compofed of four or five pair of lobes terminated with an odd one, which are fomewhat fpear-fhaped and fawed on their edges. The flowers are fingle, ©f a red colour and late coming. 2. Rosa paluftris. S%vamp Pennfylvanian Rofe. This grows generally in fwamps; rifmg to the height of four or five feet, with ered, and very prickly ftems, branching out at top in a regular head. The leaves are compofed of three pair of lobes, terminated by an odd one, of an oblong, oval ( 136 ) iliape and Rightly ferrated, joined to a common footftalk with a few fpines underneath. The flowers are Angle and of a damafk colour ; the hips or feed- veflels are of a dark red, roundifh, depreffed, prick- ly or briflly, and very clammy to the touch. 3. Rosa humilis. Dzvarf P ennfylvanian Rofe . This rifes with feveral {lender ftem-s to the height of two or three feet ; covered with a brownifh green bark, and armed with a few fliarp fpines. The leaves are compofed of three or four pair of lobes, and an odd one, of an oblong egg-fliape and fliarply fawed on their edges. The leaves of the flower cup have often linear, leaffy elongations. The flowers are Angle and of a pale reddifh colour. 4. Rosa pennfylvanica plena. Double Penn- fylvanian Rofe . # ' This very much refembles the lad defcribed in growth and appearance, except in having a double flower. R U B U S. The RASPBERRY BUSH and BRAMBLE. Clafs 1 2. Order 5. Icofandria Polygynia. rF\HE Empalement is of one leaf, five-parted: the divilions A oblong, fpreading and permanent. The Corolla is of five petals, roundiili, fomewhat fpreading, of ,the length of the Empalement and inferted into it. The Filaments are numerous, lliorter than the petals, and in- ferted in the Empalement. The Anthem are roundilh and compreffed. The Germen are numerous. The Styles fmall, capillary, and arifing from the fides of the germen. The Stigmas Ample and permanent. The ( i37 ) The Seed-veJJel a Cbmpound berry : the acini roundiik, collat- ed in a convex head, concave beneath; and each with onei cell. The Seeds folitary and oblong ; their receptacle conical. The Species 5 with us9 are , i . Rubus fruticofus. Common Blackberry Bujh . This rifes generally ( with feveral ftalks from the fame root) to the height of four or five feet, but fometimes to eight or ten : which are fomewhat an- gled, and pretty thick fet with lharp prickles. The leaves are compofed of three lobes, the fide ones of which are often divided ; moftly egg-fhaped, points ed, acutely and unequally fawed on their edges, a little hairy underneath, and joined to a pretty long prickly footftalk, the middle one extending fome. little diftance from the others. This is generally well furnilhed with flowers, which often ftand upon panicled, or divided footftalks, and are fucceeded by black fruit when ripe* 2 . Rubus hifpidus . American Dewberry Bujh * This is much fmaller than the other, having feve- ral flender weak ftems, which often trail on the ground to a confiderable diftance. The leaves very much refemble thofe of the Blackberry, but are ge- nerally fmaller. The fruit is alfo fmaller, rounder and blacker ; and fupported upon long, Ample, pricks ly footftalks. § 3. Rubus ( 138 ) j. Rub us canadenfis. Smooth /talked Canadian Bramble . This is faid to grow in Canada with purplifh (talks without prickles. The leaves are fingered; com- peted of ten, five, and three lobes, which are very (lender, lance-fhaped, and (harply ferrated. 4. Rub us occidentalis. American Rafpberry . This rifes with a round prickly (talk, of feven or eight feet in length, which often defeends again to the earth in a femi-circular manner, fometimes tak- ing root. The (talks are covered with a thin bluifli feum or miff, and furnifhed with trifoliate leaves. The lobes are fomewhat heart, or egg-fhaped; cut and fawed on their edges, whitifh and downy under- neath, the lateral ones fometimes divided, the com- mon footftalk pretty long, and the middle or termi- nal lobe a little fubtended. The flowers are produ- ced at the extremity of the branches in a kind of ra- cemus or bunch, and are fucceeded by fmall fruit of a reddifh black colour when ripe; the acini of which are joined, parting entire from the conical receptacle. 5. Rub us odoratus. Virginian Rof e-flowering Ra/pberry . This rifes with upright woody (talks, without prickles, to the height of three or four feet, cover- ed with a brown fcaly bark. The leaves are fingle, large, palmated or divided into five or more pointed, lobes, fharply fawed on their edges, a little hairy, and joined to pfetty long, hairy footflalks. The flowers are produced in a kind of panicle at the ex- tremity of the branches, of a curdled reddifh colour ; refembling ( *39 ) Tcfembling a fmall Tingle Rofe, both in their petals, and divifions of their flower cups which are villous, and terminate in leaffy elongations. This grows na- turally on rocky mountains in Pennfylvania and Vir- ginia, and makes an agreeable appearance by a long fucceflion of rofe-fliaped flowers. S A L I X. The WILLOW-TREE. Clafs 22. Order 2. Dioecia Diandria. ^r'TlHE Male Flowers are difpofed in a common, oblong, im T bricated katkin, with an involucrum formed of the bud. The Scales are one-flowered, oblong, plain, and fpread- ing. It hath no petals; but a very fmall, cylindrical, truncat- ed, honey-bearing Gland, or Neftarium, in the cen- ter of the flower. The Filaments are two, ftraight, and thread form. The An- therce are twin, and four-cell’ d. % The Female have a katkin and fcales as the male. The Petals none. The Germen ovate, and leflened into a Style fcarce diftinft, fome- what longer than the Scales of the flower-cup. The Stigmas two, bifid and ereft. The Seed-vejjel a capfnle , ovate-awl-ihaped, of one cell and two valves : the valves revolute. The Seeds are numerous, ovate, very fmall, and crowned with a Ample hairy Pappus. ' The Species, native with us , are , # With fmooth ferrated leaves . 1. Salxx nigra. Rough American Willow. This rifes often with a leaning or crooked trunk to the height of about twenty feet, covered with a dark ( *4° ) dark coloured, rough bark. The leaves are fmooth and of equal colour on both Tides ; narrow, lance- Ihaped, and very flightly ferrated. The katkins are long and flender. # * With ferrated villofe leaves . 2. Salix fericea. Ozier , or Silky leaved Wil- low. This rifes generally to the height of eight or ten feet, with many fhrubby ftalks, covered with pretty fmooth, dark, greenifli bark. The leaves are fliort- er and fomewhat broader than the other kind, lance- ftiaped, filky underneath, and very flightly ferrated on the edges. # # # With entire villofe leaves. 3. Salix humilis. Dwarf Willow. This feldom rifes above three or four feet, with greenifh, fomewhat downy ftalks. The leaves are larger than the other kinds, entire, oblong, fome- what oval, and glaucous or whitifh underneath* There are fome varieties of larger growth, belong- ing either to this or the laft mentioned kind. SAMBUCUS. The ELDER-TREE. Clafs 5. Order 3. Pentandria Trigynia. HpHE Empalement is of one leaf, above, very fmall, five-part- ed, and permanent. The Corolla is of one petal, concave wheel-fliaped, part fiye- cleft, obtufe, the diviflons reflexed. The ( J4i ) The Filaments five, aWl-fhaped, the length of the corolla, The Antherce roundilh. The Germen beneath, ovate, obtufe. The Style none, but in its place a bellied Gland. The Stigmas three, obtufe^ The Seed-veJJel a roundifli berry of one cell. The Seeds three, angular on one fide and convex on the other. The Species, with us , are, 1. Sambucus nigra. American Black-berried Elder. This rifes generally to the height of fix or eight feet, with a Item fometimes of two or three inches in diameter. The leaves are generally compofed of three pair of lobes and an odd one, which are forne- what oval, pointed, fharply fawed on their edges, a little hairy on both fides, light coloured under- neath and joined to pretty large, channelled foot- (talks, placed oppofite. The flowers are produced at the extremities of the fame year’s fhoots in a kind of umbel, of five principal parts, again divided: they are white and are fucceeded by berries which are blackifh when ripe. An infufion of the inner bark is purgative. From the berries may be pre- pared a fpirit, a wine, and an oil, which prompte urine, perfpiration and fweat. 2. Sambucus canadenfis. Canadian Red-ber- ried Elder. This grows naturally upon Mountain Tides, or moift, rich, fliaded places, in the back parts of Penn- fylvania. It has much the appearance of the other kind, but produces red berries, which are ripe the latter end of June, at the time the other is in flower. SMILAX. ( ) S M I L A X. ROUGH BINDWEED, or GREEN BRIAR. Clafs 22. Order 6. Dioecia Hexandria. ^nPHE Male have Empalements of fix leaves, of a fpreading bell-tfiape; the leaves are oblong, joined at the bafe, fpreading and reflexed at the apex. The Corolla none. The Filaments are fix, Ample. The Anthem oblong. * The Female have Empalements as the male, deciduous. The Corolla none. The Germen ovate. The Styles three, very fmall. The Stigmas oblong, reflexed, downy. The Seed-veJJel a globofe berry, of three cells. The Seeds two, globofe. The Species, with us , are , # With a fquare prickly fiem . 1. Smilax Sarfaparilla. Ivy leaved rough Bindzveedy or Sarfaparilla . This grows naturally in Virginia and to the fouth- ward, riling up with prickly, angular (talks. The leaves are without prickles, oval fhaped, pointed, and three nerved. 2. Smilax virginiana. Lanceolate-leaved rough Bindweed . The (talks of this are Bender, angular and prickly. The leaves are without fpines, fpear-fhap.ed and pointed \ their bafes not eared. ** With ( M3 ) M With a round prickly flem. 3. Smilax rocmidifolia. Canadian round leaved Smilax. The ftalks of this are round and winding, with a few ftraight fpines. The leaves are heart- fhaped, without fpines, five-nerved, having fliort footftalks with two flender clafpers. 4. Smilax laurifolia. Bay leaved rough Bind- weed. This hath a round ftalk, armed with prickles or fpines. The leaves are of an oval lanee-lhape, with- out fpines, and of thicker confidence than thofe of the other fpecies. The flowers are fmAil and whit- ifh, the berries black when ripe. 5. Smilax tamnoides. Bryony leaved rough Bindweed. The ftems of this are armed with prickles and round ; diming upon the neighbouring trees for fup- port. The leaves are without fpines, of an oblong heart-fhape and five nerved. The berries are black. 6. Smi l ax caduca. 'Three-nerved-leaved rough Bindweed. This rifes with round, naked, winding ftalks, armed with many ftraight, black pointed fpines and covered with a green bark. The leaves are ovate, pointed, three nerved and annual. The berries black. *** With ( i44 ) With a fquare fmooth Jiem. y. Smilax bona nox. Carolinian prickly leav~ ed Smilax. The {talks of this are angular and without fpineso The leaves are broad, and ciliated or fet upon the margin with fpines. There is alfo a variety with narrow rough leaves, eared at the bafe and angular. With a fmooth round Jiem . 8. Smilax lanceolata. Red berried Virginian Smilax . The (talks of this are fmooth and round. The leaves are without fpines and lance-lhaped. The berries red coloured. 9. Smilax Pfeudo China. Bajlard China. This hath fmooth round (talks. The leaves are without fpines, thofe on the (talks heart-lhaped, but on the branches lance-lhaped. The berries are black and fupported on very long footftalks. S O R B U S. The SERVICE TREE, QUICKBEAM, or MOUNTAIN ASH. Clafs 12. Order 3. Icofandria Trigynia. T^HE Empcilement is of one leaf, concave-fpreading, five^ 1 parted and permanent. The Corolla is of five petals, roundifh, concave and in felted in the Empaiement. The Filaments twenty, awl-ihaped, and inferted in the Empale: nfent. The Anther® roundifh. The ( *45 ) The Germen beneath. The Styles three, thread-form, and ereft. The Stigmas headed. The Seed-veJJel a berry, foft, globofe, and untbilicated. The Seeds three, fomewhat oblong, diftinft, and cartilaginous. The Species, with us , but one , viz. Sorb us americana. American Service Tree . This grows naturally upon the mountains towards Canada; riling to the height of about fifteen or eigh- teen feet, with an ereft Item dividing into feveral branches. The leaves are winged, compofed of eight or nine pair of lobes, terminated by an odd one; which are narrow and fawed on their edges® The flowers are produced at the extremity of the tranches in form of an umbel, and are fucceeded by sjoundilh berries of a red colour when ripe. S P I R M A. S P I R M A. Clafs 12. Orders Icofandria Pentagynia, THE Empalement is of one leaf, half five- cleft, and plane at the bafe: the divifions acute; permanent. The Corolla of five petals, oblong-rounded, and inferted in the calyx. The Filaments above twenty, thread-form, {hotter than the co- rolla, and inferted in the calyx. The Anthem roundiih. The Germen five or more. The Styles as many, thread-form, and the length of the Stamina. The Stigmas headed. The Seed-veJJels capfules, oblong, fharp-pointed, comprelTed and two valved. The Seeds few, fharp-pointed and fmall. Obf, S. opulifolia has three Styles. ( H6 ) The Species, with us , are. i/Spir^a hypericifolia. Canadian Spiraea, of Hypericum-frutex. This rifes generally to the height of four or five feet, dividing into many flender branches, and co- vered with -a dark brown bark. The leaves are ob- long, entire, and fmooth, refembling thofe of St. John’s-wort, and placed oppofite. The flowers are yellow, and difpofed in fmall umbels, fitting clofe to the ftalks, each having a long, flender footftalk ; and are fucceeded by oblong, pointed capfules, filled with fmall feeds. This makes a very good appear- ance when in flower. 2. Spir^A opulifolia. Guelder Rofe-leaved Spiraea, or Nine-Bark . This rifes with many flirubby branching ftalks, covered with a brown fcaly bark, to the height of five or fix feet. The leaves are fomewhat three parted, the two fide diviftons or lobes fmall, obtufe and near the bafe; the middle one large and point- ed; they are alfo flightly crenated and fawed on their edges. The flowers are produced at the extremity of the branches, in form of a corymbus or duller: they are white with fome fpots of pale red, and are fucceeded by clufters of greenilh, inflated cap- fules. Spiraea caroliniana. Carolinian Guelder Rofe-leaved Spiraea. This is a variety of the former, and refembles it rfiijtch in growth and appearance. 3. Spiraea ( H7 ) 3* Spir-®a tomentofa. Scarlet flowered Philadef* phian Spircea. This grows naturally in Pennfylvania; rifing with {lender, branching {talks to the height of three or four feet, having a purple bark, covered with a grey meally down. The leaves are fmall, fpear- ihaped, unequally fawed on their edges, of a bright green on their upper Tides, but downy and veined underneath. The flowers terminate the branches in form of a racemus or bunch ; they are fmall and of a beautiful red colour. 4. Spiraea tomentofa alba. White flowered Phila - delphian Spircea. This is a variety of the former; rifing with flen- der {talks to the height of four or five feet. The leaves are fmall and of thin texture, of an oblong oval, or fomewhat wedge fhape, {lightly and {harp- ly fawed on their edges, and a little downy on both fides. The flowers are produced in manner of the former, of a beautiful white, making a pretty ap- pearance. This is called Indian Pipe Shank, from the pithy Items being ufed by the natives for that purpofe. STAPHYUA, BLADDER-NUT-TREE, Clafs 5. Order 3. Pentandria Trigynia. THE Empalement is five-parted, concave, roundilk, colour- ed, and almoft the fize of the corolla. The Corolla is five petal’d, oblong, ereft, and like the calyx. The NeEtarium concave and pitcher-ihape in the bottom of the flower. The ( i4* ) The Stamina are five, oblong, ereft, and the length of the calyx. 1 he Anther ce fimple. fhe Germen thickiih, three- parted. The Styles three, fimple and a little longer than the ftamina. The Stigmas obtufe and contiguous. The Seed-veJJel three Capfules, inflated, flaccid, joined by lon> ' gitudinal futures; and with pointed tops gaping inwardly. The Seeds are few, hard, and roundiiJi, joined to the interior futures. The Species, with us9 but one , viz. Staphyl^ea trifoliata. Three-leaved Blad - der-nut-Tree. This rifes generally to the height of eight or ten feet, dividing into many branches, placed oppofite. The bark of the item and old branches are of a greyilh colour, but of the young fhoots of a light green. The leaves are trifoliate, the middle lobe having a footftalk; the lobes are oval, lance-fhaped, flightly and fharply fa wed on their edges, and joined to pretty long common footflalks, placed oppofite. The flowers are produced upon pretty long, panicled footflalks ; they are white and are fucceeded by pretty large, three-fided bladders or capfules, en- clofing a few roundifh, hard feeds. STEWARTIA. STEWARTIA. Clafs 1 6. Order 5. Monadelphia Polyandria. THE Empalement is of one leaf, five parted and fprcading; the divifions ovate, concave, and permanent. The Corolla confifts of five petals, inverfe-ovate, fpreading, equal and large. The ( *49 ) The Filaments are numerous, filiform, fliorter than the corolla, joined in a cylinder below, and to the petals at the bafe. The Anther $ are roundiih. and incumbent. The Germen roundifh and hairy. The Style filiform,, the length of the Stamina. The Stigma five cleft. The Seed-vejfel a juicelefs pome , live lobed, and five cell’d. The Seeds are folitary, ovate and compreffed. The Species but oney viz. Stewartia Malacodendron. Virginian Stewartia • This grows naturally in Virginia ; rifing with flrong ftems to the height of ten or twelve feet, and covered with a brown bark. The leaves are oval and fomewhat fpear-fhaped, moft flightly ferrated and villofe underneath. The flowers are large and white, produced flngly, and fitting clofe upon the fmall branches. The feed-veflels are -dry, fomewhat conical, ligneous capfules, having five fharp angles, and five cells, each containing one oblong fmooth feed. This makes a beautiful appearance when well filled with its large white flowers. S T Y R A X. The STORAX-TREE. Clafs ii. Order i. Dodecandria Monogynia. THE Empalement is of one leaf, cylindrical, ereft, iliort and five-toothed. The Corolla is of one petal, funnel-form. The tube is ihort, cylindrical, and the length of the calyx. The border five- parted, large and fpreading: the divifions lance-ihaped and obtufe. The Filaments are ere£t, placed in a circle, more than twelve, fcarce joined at the bafe, awl-fhaped and infer ted in the co- rolla. The Anthem are oblong and ftraight. The ( I5° ) The Germen beneath. The Style fimple, the length of the (la- mina. The Stigma lopped. The Seed-vejjel a drupe , roundifh and of one cell. The Seeds two nuts, roundifh, pointed, convex on one fide and plane on the other. "The Species, with us, but oney viz. Styrax americana. Carolinian Storax*Tree . This grows naturally in Carolina; rifing with a pretty (Irong (lem to the height of ten or twelve feet, covered with a frnooth brownifh bark, and dividing into many flender branches. The leaves are pretty large, oval fhaped, a little pointed, fcarce obfervably toothed, of a deep green, and a little downy on the upper furface, but lighter and much more downy underneath ; having fhort footflalks, which together with the young fhoots, are alfo woolly or downy. The flowers are produced upon the fmall branches, in a kind of racemus or bunch; fupporting a few fcattered flowers, which are white, pendulous, and have each ten (lamina and fomewhat the fragrance of an Orange flower. They are fucceeded by round- ifh feed-veflels, each containing two roundifh, point- ed nuts or feeds. T A X U S. The YEW-TREE. Clafs 22. Order 12. Dioecia Monadelphia. ^'T’HE Male Flowers have no Empalements , but a bud of four A leaves fomewhat like one. They have no Corolla. The Filaments are numerous, joined beneath in a column, and longer than the bud. The Anthem are depreffed, obtufe at the margin, eight-cleft, gaping on evfery fide at the bafe (and ( I5I ) (and having call their farina) plane, targetted, and remarka- ble for their eight-cleft margin. * The Female Empalements are as in the Male. They have no Corolla . The Germen is ovate and pointed. The Style none. The Stig- ma obtufe. The Seed-veJJel is formed of the lengthened receptacle, into a globofe, fucculent, coloured covering or berry, open at top. The Seed one, oblong-ovate, the apex protruding out of the berry. . ' A \ ;y V?‘' \\ \ ../'V' TV y . ( SSw.SCff’ ■ • We have , native but one Species, viz. Taxus canadenfis. Canadian Yevu-Tree . This flirub is of low growth, but divided into many branches fpreading on every fide. The leaves are narrow, ftiff, linear, pointed, and evergreen ; thick fet upon all Tides of the branches, but inclin- ing upwards. The flowers come out thick upon the’ Tides of the branches and are fucceeded by oval, red, fucculent berries, open at top, and encloflng an oval brown feed. This is a beautiful evergreen forub, capable of being formed into any fliape. THUYA. ARBOR V I T iE, or TREE OF LIFE. Clafs 21. Order 9. Monoecia Monodelphia, * HP H E Male Flowers are difpofed iii oval katjkins, and are ■** placed upon a common footftalk in triple oppofition ; each one having for its bafe A Scale fomewhat ovate, concave ^nd obtufe. No Corolla , but - Four Filaments in each flower, fcarce manifeft, and as many Anther ce, adjoined to the bafe of the fcaly cup. *The Female flowers are upon the fame plant, in fomewhat ovate Cones, compofed of oppofite Scales, which axe two flowered, ovate and convex. No ( *5* ) No Corolla. Thd Germen is very final 1. The Style awl-fhaped. The Stigma fitnple. The Seed-veffel a Cone, oblong-ovate, obtufe, and gaping lon- gitudinally: the Scales Site oblong, nearly equal, convex out- wardly and obtufe. The Seeds are oblong, begirt longitudinally with a membrana- ceous, end-bitten wing. ‘ The Species, with us , hut one , viz. s < ; / ' ■ Thuya occidentalis. American Arbor Vitae. This grows naturally in Canada, and other north- ern parts of America ; rifing to the height of thirty or forty feet, with a pretty ftrong item, fending off many branches, which are produced irregularly and ftand almoft horizontally. The bark of young trees is of a dark brown and fmooth, but afterward be- comes cracked and lefs fmooth. The young branch- es are flat, ail d covered with very fmall leaves, lying over each other like feales of fifh. The cones are fmall and loofe, containing but few oblong, winged feeds. Thuya variegata. Striped leaved Arbor Vitae . This is a variety of the firff, differing in having ffriped or variegated leaves. Thuya odorata. American Sweet-fcented Arbor Vitae. This is alfo a variety of the fame, agreeing with it in growth and appearance; but differing in its leaves or fmall branches, being of an agreeable, or Tweet feent, when bruifed. T I L I A. ( ) T I L I A. The LIME, or LINDEN-TREE. Clafs 13. Order 6. Polyandria Hexagynia. r'THE Empalement is five parted, concave, coloured, almofl A the length of the corolla, and deciduous. The Corolla is of five petals, oblong, obtufe and notched at the end. Th q Filaments are many, (thirty and upwards) awl-ihaped, and the length of the corolla. The Antherce are Ample. The G-ermen roundifh. The Style filiform, the length of the ftamina. The Stigma obtufely five-fided. The Seed-vejjel a Capfule,. coriaceous, globofe, five-eell’d, five- valved, and gaping at the bafe. The Seed folitary and roundiiTi. Obf. The Capfule appears to have but one cell and one feed5 the other four being abortive. The American Tilia has five Scales placed round the bud and joined to the claws of the corolla. * The Species with us, are , :T Tilia americana* American black Lime , or Linden-Tree. This often becomes a tree of a large fize, covered with a dark brown bark, and dividing into many branches. The leaves are large, heart-fhaped, point- ed, and fawed on their edges, of a deep green on their upper Tides, but paler and a little hairy under- neath; and (landing on long footftalks. The flow- ers are produced upon the fmall branches, and are remarkable for having an oblong braiiea or floral leaf upon each footftalk; they are of an herbaceous colour, having narrow petals furniflied with nedta- ries at the bafe. The capfules are round, a little U . ( *54 ) hairy and about the fize of a fmall pea, having each one roundifh feed. 2 . Ti l i A caroliniana. Carolinian oblique-leaved Lime-Tree. This is of finaller growth than the former, rifing commonly to the height of about forty feet, with a trunk of eighteen inches or more in diameter: co- vered with a lightifh and fomewhat furrowed bark, and fending off many branches. The leaves are finaller and fmoother than thofe of the other kind, fomewhat heart-fhaped, ending in long points, un- equal at the bafe, or larger on one fide of the midrib than the other, and flightly fawed on their edges. The bunches of flowers (land upon long {lender footflalks, furniflied with floral leaves. The flow- ers are fmall, and have narrow, pointed petals, fur- iiiflied with neCtaries or fcales at the bafe ; they dif- fufe a fragrant odour, and are continually haunted by bees during their continuance. An infufion of the flowers of Lime-tree has been ufed with fuccels in an Epilepfy. The timber is too foft for any ftrong purpofes, therefore, chiefly ufed by turners, carvers, &c. alfo, by architects in framing models of build- ings, 8zc. T I L L A N D S I A. T ILLANDSIA. Ciafs 6. Order l Hexandria Monogynia. THE Empalement is of one leaf, three-parted, oblong and permament: the divifions oblong-lanced, and ikarp- pointed. The Corolla tubulous and of one petal. The tube long and bel- lied, The border three-cleft, obtufe, ereft and fmall. The ( J55 ) The Filaments are fix, as long as the tube of the corolla. The Anthem acute, and incumbent in the neck of the corolla. The Germen is oblong, and pointed on every fide. The Style filiform, and the length of the (lamina. The Stigma three- cleft and obtufe. The Seed-veJJel a Capfule , which is long, obtufely three-fided, pointed with about one cell and three valves. The Seeds are many, joined to a very long, capillary pappus or down. The Species, with us, but one , viz. Til landsia ufheoides. Carolinian Tillandfia . This is a parafite plant ; or growing upon the branches of trees and hanging down with very {len- der, rough, branching threads or (talks, in manner of mofs. The leaves are whitifh and hoary. U L M U S. The E b M - T & E E, Clafs 5. Order 2. Pentrandria Digynia. THE Empalement is of one leaf, top-fhaped, and wrinkled* The border five parted, ereft, coloured within, and per^ manent. The Corolla none. The Filaments five, awl-fliaped, and twice the length of the calyx. The Antherce four-furrowed, erect and (hort. The Germen orbicular and erect. The Styles two, ihorter than the (lamina and reflexed. The Stigmas downy. The Seed-veJJel a drupe , oval comprefled, membranaceous and juicelefs. The Seed one, roundiih and lightly comprefled. The Species, with as, are , 1. Ulmus ( *56 ) I. Ulmus americana. American rough leaved Elm- Tree. This rifes to the height of about thirty feet, with a pretty ftrong trunk; dividing into many branches, and covered with a lightifh coloured rough bark* The leaves are oblong, oval and fharp pointed, fomewhat unequally fawed on their edges, unequal at the bafe, very rough on their upper furface and hairy underneath. The flowers are produced thick upon the branches, upon fliort, collected footllalks; and are fucceeded by oval, comprefled, membrana- ceous feed-veflels, with entire margins ; containing each one oval, comprefled feed. 2. Ulmus mollifolia. American foft-leaved Elm . This grows to the fame fize, or perhaps larger than the firfl: kind. The leaves are of an oblong oval, {harp-pointed, unequal at the bafe, doubly ferrated on their edges and hairy underneath : but fmooth on the upper furface, of thinner texture and fofter than thofe of the firfl kind. The feed-velfels are alfo confiderably fmaller, end nicked or cleft, and ciliated or fringed on the margin. VACCINIUM. WHORTLE-BERRY. ,,, V Clafs 8. Order i. Odtandria Monogynia. Empalement is very fmall, above, and permanent. The Corolla .is of one petal, beil-lhaped, and four-cleft; the divifions turning back. The Filaments are eight, Ample. The Antherce two-horned, furnifhed on the back with two fpreading awns, and gaping at the tops. The ( 1 57 ) The Germen is beneath. The Style Ample, longer than the (lamina. The Stigma obtufe. The Seed-veJJel a berry, globofe, umbilicated and four cell’d. The Seeds folitary and fmall. Obf. The number of (lamina are ten, in many of the fpecies. The Species, with us , are , * With annual deciduous leaves . 1. Vaccinium arboreum, Winter , or Tree Whor - tie- Berry* This grows naturally in Carolina; riling to the height of ten or fifteen feet, with a pretty ftrong ftera, dividing towards the top into many branches. The fruit is fmall, ripening late in autumn. 2. Vaccinium album. Pennfylvanian White Whor- tie -berry . This is a fmall fhrub, rifmg to the height of about two feet. The leaves are entire, egg-fhaped and downy underneath. The flowers are produced at the ends of the branches, Handing two or three to- gether upon very fliort, naked footftalks. The fruit is fmall and whitilh. 3. Vaccinium corymbofum. Clujler-jlowered Vac- cinium. This grows naturally in fwampy or moiil places, rifmg to the height of five or fix feet. The leaves are entire, oblong, oval, and fomewhat downy un- derneath. The flowers are produced in clufters or rather one rowed, fliort, roundifh bunches; fet pret- ty clofe on the fmall branches. The fruit is of a dark purplifh colour when ripe, and of an agreeable acid taffe. There ( 153 ) There are fome varieties, I think, of this grow- ing upon higher ground, and of much fmaller growth; the leaves of fome of which are moft flightly and fharply ferrated. 4. Vaccinium frondofum. Leafy Vaccinium , or In- dian Goofeberry. This grows naturally upon Whortle-berry ground; rifing to the height of three or four feet, generally with a leaning, crooked, branching Item. The leaves are entire and of an oval lance fhape. The flowers are produced in frondofe racemi or bunches, fet with fmall oblong leaves, at the bofom of which the flowers come out, upon pretty long, Ample, flender footftalks; they are fomewhat bell-fliaped, the antherse are very long, two horned : the horns two cleft. The fruit or berries are oval, and of the fize of a fmall Goofeberry; reddifh coloured, foft, fucculent, and of a difagreeable tafte. 5. Vaccinium liguftrinum. Trivet-leaved Whortle- berry. This rifes to the height of about two or three feet, dividing into fmall branches. The leaves are fmall and oblong. The flowers are produced in Ihort ra- cemi, or bunches, which come out alternately, and thick upon the branches; and are naked, or without floral leaves. The berries are round, black and of an agreeable tafte. 6. Vaccinium ftamineum. Long-leaved V actinium. This is alfo of fmall growth. The leaves are ob- long and very entire. The flowers come out at the bofom of the leaves, upon foiitary, flender footftalks, each ( J59 ) each fupporting one flower, which is of a fpreading bell-fhape and five cleft at the border. * * With evergreen leaves . 7. Vaccinium hifpididum. Marjh Vaccinium , 0r Cranberry . This grows naturally in mo fly fwamps, with {len- der, creeping flalks, covered with briftly fcales. The leaves are oval, or fomewhat oblong and Alin- ing. The fruit or berries are large and reddifh co- loured; and of a bitterifh acid talle. 8. Vaccinium pennfylvanicum. Myrtle leaved Vac- cinium y or Cranberry . The leaves of this are oval and fharp pointed. The flowers are white and nodding, produced from the bofom of the leaves. The berries are red and fmall, VI R BUR NU M. PLIANT MEALLY, or WAY -FARING-TREE. Clafs 5. Order 3. Pentandria Trigynia* T'-’HE Empalement is four toothed, above, very fmall and per- manent. The Corolla is of one petal, bell-ihaped, half five-cleft: the divisions obtufe and reflexed. The Filaments are five, awl-ihaped and the length of the corol- la. The Anther ce roundilh. The Getmen beneath, roundilh. The Style none, but in its place a top-lhaped Gland. The Stigmas three. The Seed-veffel, a fomewhat oval, compreflfed berry, o i one cell. The Seed one, hard, and of the fame form. The ( 160 ) The Species, with us , are. 1. Viburnum acerifolium. Maple-leaved Viburnum* This rifes generally to the height of four or five feet, with an ere£f, flender ftem, fending off a few oppofite branches. The leaves are fo me what three lobed, toothed, or pretty largely fawed on their edges; a little hairy underrieath, and joined to round footftalks, placed oppofite. The flowers terminate the ftalks and branches in cymce (about feven parted) or kind of umbels; they are white and are fucceed- ed by fomewhat oval, compreffed, black berries when ripe. 2. Viburnum dentatum. Toothed-leaved Viburnum , or Arrow Wood . This grows naturally in moift places, rifing up with feveral ftraight {ferns, to the height of ten or twelve feet, fending off feveral flender, oppofite branches. The leaves are roundifli or oval, pointed, and toothed on their edges, much veined and placed oppofite, upon round, downy footftalks. The flow- ers are produced at the tops of the ftalks and branch- es, in cymce or kind of umbels, about feven parted, in manner of thofe of the Elder but much fmaller ; they are white and are fucceeded by dark bluifti co- loured, oblong berries. The young {hoots of this tree are generally ufed by the natives for arrows; whence it is known by the name of Arrow-wood. 3. Viburnum prunifolium. Black Haw, This I take to be our common, fmall black Haw; which rifes with a ftiff ftem to the height of about ten or fifteen feet, dividing into many branches, which which are generally fet pretty thick with (hort, (Irong, horizontal fpurs or (hprt branches, Handing oppofite* The bark of the trunk or Hem is dark and rough, but of the young branches fmooth. The leaves are of an oblong oval, fmooth, finely and flightly fer- rated, and placed oppofite upon channelled foot- ftalks. The flowers terminate the branches in four parted cym&\ they are white and make a pretty good appearance. The berries are oblong, oval, comprefled and black when ripe. 4. Viburnum nudum. Tinus leav&d, or Swamp Viburnum. This grows naturally in mold or fwampy places, rifing to the height of ten or twelve feet. The bark is fmooth and of the young flioots purplifh. The leaves are oval, lance-lhaped, of a thick confiftence and lucid green colour: often flightly ferrated, and (land- ing oppofite. The flowers are produced in manner of the other kinds and are fucceeded by berries of nearly the fame fize and fnape, changing black when ripe. 5. Viburnum Lentago. Canadian Viburnum . This rifes to the height of about ten or twelve feet, covered with a brown bark, and divided into many branches, which, when young, are covered with a fmooth purpliih bark. The leaves are fmooth, oval, flightly (awed on their edges, and (land generally oppofite upon fliort (lender footftalks. The flowers are produced in manner of the other kinds and are fucceeded by berries of the fame (hape, and black when ripe. 6. VlBUR- ( *62 ) 6. Viburnum alnifolium. Alder-leaved Viburnum » This grows naturally in Carolina and other parts of America; rifing with a fhrubby ftalk to the height of eight or ten feet, covered with a fmooth purplilh bark, and divided into feveral branches. The leaves are heart-fliaped, oval, fharp-pointed, deeply fawed on their edges, flrongly veined, and placed oppofite upon long {lender footftalks. The flowers are col- lected in large cymes or umbels at the ends of the branches, thofe ranged on the border are male, but the center is filled with hermaphrodite flowers, which are fucceeded by pretty large, oval berries, red co- loured when ripe. 7. Viburnum triloba. Mountain Viburnum . This grows naturally upon montains in the interior parts of Pennfylvania^ rifing with {lender Items to the height of eight or ten feet. The leaves are fome- what like thofe of the Guelder Rofe or Snow-ball tree ; they are narrow at the bafe, but fpreading and divided into three fharp-pointed lobes, the middle one largeft, longed, and fometimes {lightly tooth- ed. The flowers are produced in form of the others, and are fucceeded by berries of the fame ihape, of a pretty large fize and red colour when ripe. VISC U M. MISSELTOE. Ciafs 22. Order 4. Dioecia Tetrandria, *HPHE Male Flowers have their Empalements, five-parted; the -*• leaves oval and equal. They have no petals. The Filaments or rather Antherce are four, oblong and pointed? joined to the leaves of the calyx. The ( i63 ) * The Female have Empalements , four leaved : the leaves oval, fmall, fitting clofe, deciduous and placed upon the germen.' They have no petals. The Germen are oblong, three-fided, their margins crowned, obfolete, four-cleft, and beneath. The Styles none. The Stigmas obtufe. The Seed-vejjels berries, which are globofe, fmooth, and of of one cell. The Seeds fingle, fomewhat heart- fhaped, compreflfed and flelhy. The Species, with us9 are , i. Viscum rubrum. Red berried Miffeltoe . This grows upon the branches of trees and is not found growing in the earth as other plants. It rifes with llender woody flalks, feveral inches in height, fpreading and forming a tuft or bufh. The leaves are lance-fhaped and obtufe. The flowers are pro- duced in fpikes from the Tides of the flalks, and thofe of the female are fucceeded by roundifli red berries, containing each one heart-fhaped, compreffed feed, furrounded by a tough vifcid iubflanee. 2. Viscum purpureum. Rurple-berried Miffeltoe . This alfo rifes up from the branches of trees like the other. The leaves are inverfe-egg-fhaped, or oval and narrowed towards the bafe. The flowers come out in racemi or bunches from the Tides of the flalks; the female of which are fucceeded by berries of a purple colour when ripe. There is a variety of this with yellow leaves, refem- bling thofe of the box; the berries are alfo produced in bunches and are of a fnowy white when ripe. Miffeltoe is moll frequently found growing upon the Nyffa Sylvatica or Sour Gum, in the middle States, but to the fouthward upon oaks. It is pro- pagated by birds feeding upon the berries, the feeds^ of ( 1 64 ) of which, fometimes by their glutinofity adhere to the outfide of their beaks, and are thus tranfported to neighbouring trees, and being wiped off upon their branches, {tick faff, and germinate, producing J?ew plants. From the berries of Miffeltoe, Birdlime was formerly made; but for this purpofe thofe of the common Holly are faid to be better. This plant hath been much recommended for the cure of Epilepfies, V I T I S, The VINE. Clafs 5. Order 1. Pentandria Monogynia, 'TTIE Empalement is five toothed and very fmall. A The Petals are five, rude, fmall, and falling off. The Filaments are five, awl-fhaped, a little fpreading, and fall ing off. The Antherce are fimple. The Germen ovate. ' I he Style none, ed. The Seed-veJJel a berry, roiindifih, large, and of one cell. The Seeds are five, hard, end-bitten at one end, and contrafb ed at the other. The Stigma obtufe-head- The Species, with us , are , 1. Vitis arborea. Carolinian Vine , or Pepper -* Tree . This grows naturally in Carolina, rifing with {len- der, ligneous, climbing {talks, and faftening them- felves by tendrils to any neighbouring fupport. The leaves are branching and winged, compofed general- ly of two fide branches of five leaves each, two of three leaves, and terminating with three ; which are fmall and fo me what toothed. The Sowers are pro- duced in loofe clufters from the wings of the {talks; they ( i65 ) they are fmall and white, and are fucceedcd by {mail berries of a purplifh colour when ripe. 2. Vitis vinifera americana. American Grape Vine . There are many varieties of this, which generally rife up with ftrong ftems, climbing by tendrils or clafpers upon neighbouring trees for fupport, often to the height of thirty or forty feet, and of two, three or four inches in diameter ; covered with a dark, rough, loofe bark. The leaves are generally heart-fhaped and fomewhat three lobed ; fawed on their edges, and downy or hairy underneath. The grapes are produced in bunches, in form of the Eu- ropean kinds, generally between the fize of a Cur- rant and Goofeberry : darkifh coloured, or with a light bluifh call, and for the moil part of an acid agreeable tafte. 3. Vitis vulpina. Fox-Grape Vine . This in manner of growth hath much the appear- ance of the other kinds. The leaves are generally larger, and fmooth, but whitifh underneath. The fruit or grapes are about the fize of a common cher- ry and have a ftrong fcent, a littte approaching to that of a Fox, whence the name of Fox-grape. There are alfo varieties of this, fome with whitifh or reddifli fruit which is generally molt efteemed, and others with black, of which are our largeft grapes. 4. Vitis Labrufca. Wild American Vine . The ftems of this have the appearance of our other kinds. The leaves are generally lefs and of a thinner ( 166 ) thinner texture. The berries or grapes are produ- ced in loofe bunches ; they are fmall, and are of feveral kinds, fome reddiih, others of a fhining black, and fome of a bluifli colour; all of an acerb difagreeable tafte. 5. Vitis laciniofa. Canadian P arjley-leaved Vine . The ftalks and branches of this refe ruble the others. The leaves are cut into many {lender feg- rnents, fomewhat in manner of a Parfley-leaf. The, grapes are round and white, and are produced in loofe bunches; they are late ripe and not very well flavoured. XANTHOXYLUM. The TOOTH-ACH TREE, Clafs 22. Order 5. Dioecia Pentandria. ^'T'HE Male Flowers have Empalements four-parted ; the *•* leaves oval, ereft and coloured. T^ey have no Petals. The Filaments in each are generally five, awl-ihaped, ereft and longer than the calyx. The Antherce are twin, roundifh and furrowed. * The Female have Empalements as the male. They have no Petals. The Germen in each are generally five, often lefs, with ihort footftalks, oval and ending in as many awl-ihaped Styles. The Stigmas are obtufe. The Seed-vejjels are Capfules, of the fame number with the ger» men, oblong, of one cell and two valves. The Seeds are Angle, roundifh and fmooth. The ( *67 ) The Species, with us, Xanthoxylum fraxinifolium. Ajh -leaved Tooth - ach Tree . This grows naturally in Pennfylvania and Mary" land; rifing with a pretty ftrong Item to the height of ten or twelve feet ; and dividing in many branch- es, which are covered with a purplifh bark, and armed at each bud with two ftrong, (harp fpines. The leaves are compofed of four or five pair of lobes, terminated by an odd one ; which are entire and of an oblong egg -fh ape, placed oppofite and fitting clofeto the common footftalk, which is alfo fet with a few fpines underneath. The flowers are produced along the branches, upon fliort colle&ed footftalks; and thofe of the female are each fucceeded, for the moft part, with five diftind, oval capfules, joined by fliort footftalks to the common receptacle, and fpreading above ; each containing one roundifii, fmooth feed. There is faid to be another Species, or perhaps Variety, of this in South Carolina, differing in hav- ing the lobes of their leaves lanee-ftiaped, fawed on their edges and having footftalks. The bark and capfules are of a hot acrid tafte, and are ufed for eafing the tooth-ach, from whence it obtained the name of Tooth-ach Tree : a tincture of them are alfo much commended for the cure of the Rheuma- tifm. XANTHORHIZA, SHRUB YELLOW ROOT. Clafs 5. Order 6. Pentandria Polygynia. HP HE Empalement none. A The Corolla is of five petals, lance-fliaped, pointed and fpreading. The ( 1 68 ) The Nettarium crowning the corolla, of five fmall leaves* fomewhat two-lobed: the lobes very fmall, roundiftt, or rather runcinate, and inferted by flender claws in the common receptacle, alternating with the petals. The Filaments five, ihort and thread-form. The Anthem round- iih. The Germen feveral, moll frequently from feven to eleven, fmall and ending in as many awl-ihaped, Ihort, incurved Styles. The Stigmas acute. The Seed-vejJeU as many Capfules; which are fmall, fomewhat oval, comprefied, oblique pointed, of one cell and two valves, joined at their bafe to the common receptacle, and fpreading above. The Seeds are fingle in each cell, fmall, fomewhat ovate and lightly comprefied ObJ, The petals are fometimes fix in number. The number of Stamina are alfo fometimes increafed. The Species but one , viz. Xanthorhiza fimpliciflima. Shurb Yellow Root . This is a fmall fhrub, growing naturally in Caro- lina. The roots are flender and cylindrical, but fending off fide {hoots by which it fpreads much; the wood of which, together with that of the Items, are of a bright yellow colour. The items are (lender, rifing to the height of two feet or more, generally fimple, or without branches, and covered with a lightifh brown bark. The leaves are compound, confiding of two pair of oppofite lobes, terminated by an odd one ; the lobes are much and deeply cut or cleft oil their edges, (fomewhat in form of Gar- den Lovage) and joined to very long'j common foot- ftalks, coming out from the tops of the (lems. The flowers are produced at the top of the former year’s growth, in a compound or panicled rdcemus\ having their partial footftalks generally three flowered; they are ( i69 ) are fmall and purplifh coloured, and are fucceeded by little heads of fmall, compreffed capfules, each enclofing one fmall feed. The flowers on the par- tial or fmall footflalks, are not produced at once, thofe that are middle-moll or terminal come out firfl and are hermaphrodite, and generally barren ; thofe on the fides come out later, but one of which is generally fruitful; from whence, I had fuppofed, fome of the flowers were female, and to the contrary of which I am not yet fully convinced. This flirub, from the yellownefs of its roots and Hems, it is highly probable, might be employed to good purpofe in dying cloaths, &c. It has hitherto been undefcribed by Botanical writers, though nam- ed in fome- late Catalogues in honour of M. Marbois ; but having impofed the former name, before I had heard of this, have chofe to retain it as being ex* preffive of its qualities and appearance* v ADVERTISEMENT. BOXES of SEEDS, and growing PLANTS, of the Forest Trees, Flowering Shrubs, &c. of the American United States; are made up in the belt manner and at a rea- fonable rate by the Author. All Orders in this line, di reeled for Humphry Marjhall , of Chefter County, Pennfylvania ; to the Care of Dr. Thomas Parke, in Philadelphia, will be carefully and punctually attended to. •*- ■■■ I mu II iiiiiM-m I -*> gxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxj) INDEX of Latin Generic Names. a cer. Franklinia. Potentilla. iEfculus. Fraxinus. Prinos. Amorpba. Gaukheria. Prunus. Andromeda. Gleditfia. Prunus-Cerafus. Annona. Glycine. Prunus-Lauro-Cera* Aralia. Guilandina. fus. Arbutus. Halefia. Ptelea. Ariftolochia. Hamamelis. Pyrola. Afcyrum. Hedera. Pyrus-Malus. Azalea. Hippophae. Quercus. Baccharis. Hydrangea. Rhododendrum. Berberris. Hypericum. Rhus. Betula. Ilex. Rhus- Toxicodendron Betula-Alnus. Itea. Ribes. Bignonia. Juglans, Robinia. Callicarpa. Juniperus. Rofa. Calycanthus. Kalmia. Rubus. Carpinus. * Laurus. Salix. Caffine. Ledum. Sambucus. Ceanothus. Liquidambar. Smilax. Celaftrus. Liriodendrumr Sorbus. Celtis. Lonicera. Spiraea. Cephalanthus. Magnolia. Staphylasa. Cercis. Menifpermum. Stewartia. Chionanthus. Mefpilus. Styrax. Clethra. Mitchella. Taxus. Cornus. Morus. Thuya, Corylus. Myrica. Tilia. Cupreffus. Nyffa. Tillandfia. Dlofpyros. Olea. Ulmus. Dirca. Philadelphus. Vaccinium. Epigaea. Pinus. Viburnum. Euonymus. Pinus-Abies. Vifcum. Fagus. Pinus-Larix. Vitis. Fagus-Caftanea. Platanus. Xanthoxylum. Fothergilla, Populus. Xanthorhiza. INDEX ( I?2 ) INDEX of English Names. A Page. I A, falfe, 133 Acacia, three-thorned, 53 19 23 10 9 I5i 42 160 5o 144 130 107 88 ACAC JL ri Alder, All fpice, Carolinian, Angelica Tree, Apple, Cufiard, Arbor Vitas, Arbutus, Trailing, Arrow Wood, Alb, Alb, Mountain, Alb, Poifon, Afp, or Afpen Tree, Azarole, B Balm of Gilead Fir, Balfam Tree, Barberry, Bay, Bay, Dwarf Rofe, Bay, Sweet flowering. Bean Tree, Kidney, Bear-berries, Beech, Bell Tree, Silver, Benjamin T ree, Berry, Winter, Bilberry, Bindweed, Rough, Birch, Bird Cherry, Birthwort, Black-berry* Bladder-Nut, Bonduc, Briar, Briar, Green, 102 107 17 72 126 83 54 11 45 57 73 109 156 142 18 112 12 137 147 56 136 J42 Page. Buck- Thorn, Sea, 60 Burning bulb, 44 Button Tree, or Wood, 30 Button Wood, Large 105 Candleberries, Catalpa, Cedar, Red Cedar, White Cherry Wild, or Bird, Cherry, Dwarf, Chefnut, Chefnut, Horfe Chinquepin, Cinquefoil, Ci ftus, Marlb Coffee, Kentucky, Cornel Tree, Cotton Tree, Carolinian Crab Tree, Cranberries, Creeper, Virginian Crofs Vine, Cucumber Tree, Currants, Cuftard Apple, Cyprefs, D Date Plumb, Dewberry Bulb, Dogberry, Dog Wood, 94 21 70 39 112 81 46 4 47 108 75 56 34 io<5 118 159 59 21 83 131 9 38 40 137 34 35 Elder, Elm, Euonymus, Qlming, 140 155 28 Fer»9 V F ( 173 ) K Fern, Sweet, Page. 77 Fir, 102 Fox Grape, 165 Fringe Tree, 32 G Gale, Bog, 95 Gale, Spleenwort-leaved, 77 Gilead, Balm of 102 Goofeberry, i32 Goofeberry, Indian 158 Grape, 165 Groundfel Tree, 16 Gum, Sour 97 Gum, Sweet 76 H Hawthorn, or Haw, 87 Haw, Black 160 Hazel, 36 Hazel, Witch 58 Hemlock Spruce, 103 Hep-Tree, * 135 Hickery, 68 Holly, 63 Honey Loculi, 53 Honey-fuckle, 79 Honey-fuckle, Upright 14 Horn-beam, 24 Horfe Chefnut;, 4 Kidney Bean Tree, L Laurel, American Laurel, Mountain Leather Wood Lime, or Linden Tree, Lime, Ogeche, Loculi Tree, Loculi Tree, Honey M Maple, Meally Tree, Pliant Medlar, MilTeltoe, Mock Orange, Moon-feed, Mofs-berries, Mountain Tea, Mulberry Tree, Myrtle, Candleberry, N Nettle Tree, Nickar Tree, Nine-Bark, Nut, Bladder Nut, Hazel 54 71 127 41 153 97 133 53 159 87 162 99 85 159 52 93 94 29 56 146 147 36 I Jafmine, Yellow, 22 Jerfey Tea, 27 Indian Arrow Wood, 160 Indian Pipe-Shank, 147 Ink-Berry, I09 Indigo, Ballard 5 Johnfonia, 22 Iron Wood, Carolinian 9 Judas-Tree, 31 Jvy, 59 O Oak, 118 Oak, Poifon 131 Olive, 98 Orange, Mock 99 p PapaW-Tree, 9 Paragua Tea, 2(5 Pavia, ( *74 ) Pavia, * Page. 5 Pepper-Tree, 1 6 4 Perfimmon Tree, 40 Pig-nut, 68 Pine Tree, 100 Pipe-ihank, Indian 147 Plane Tree, 104 Pliant Meally Tree, 159 Plowman’s Spikenard, 16 Plumb Tree, Plumb, Indian Date no 40 Poifon Afh, 1-3 P Poifon Sumach, 130 Poifon Oak, I31 Poifon Vine, I3i Poplar, 105 Poplar, ( commonly Jo called ) 78 Q. Quickbeam, 144 R Rafpberry, 156 Red-bud, 3i Red-buds, 8 Red-Rod, 36 Red-Root, 27 Rofe, 135 Rofe Bay, Dwarf 126 Rofemary, Wild 75 s Saint John’s-Wort, 62 Saint Peter’s-Wort, 13 Saffafras, 74 Saffafras, Swamp 83 Service Tree, 144 Service Tree, Wild 38-90 Snow-drop Tree, 32 Sorrel-Tree, 7 Sour Gum, 97 Spice Wood, 73 Spindle Tree, 43 Staff Tree, Page. 28 Stag’s-horn-Tree, 129 Storax; Tree, 149 Storax, Liquid 77 Sugar Tree. 4 Sumach, 127 Sweet Gum, 76 T Tacamahac Tree, 107 Tea, New-Jerfey 27 Tea, Mountain, 52 Tea, South Sea 26 Thorn, Black 160 Thorn, White 88 Tooth-ach Tree, 166 Trefoil, Shrub 114 Tree of Life, J5I Trumpet flower, 20 Tulip Tree, 78 Tulip Tree, Laurel-leaved 82 Tupelo Tree, 95 u Umbrella-Tree, 84 V Vine, 164 Vine, Climing five-leaved 59 Vine, Poifon 13* W Walnut, 65 Way-faring Tree, 159 Whortle Berry, 156 Willow Tree, 139 Winter Green, ii5 Witch Hazel, 58 Y Yellow Root, 167 Yew, 15® Yapon, 26