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Fipirererass iienicse eer a ede ade T H B: "AMERICAN GROVE, OR, AN ALPHABETICAL CATALOGUE ; OF FOREST TREES anv SHRUBS, NATIVES OF THE AMERICAN UNITED STATES, ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE LINNMAN SYSTEM. q | | CONTAINING, | ey; Le Sarmeelas Rittinenithine Charafters of cach Genus, with plain, fimple and familiar De/criptions of the Manner of Growth, Appearance, @c. of their feveral Spectres and VARIETIES. ALSO, SOME HINTS OF THEIR USES IN MEDICINE, DYES, ann DOMESTIC OECONOMY. nr ER COMPILED FROM ACTUAL KNOWLEDGE AND OBSERVATION, AND THE ASSISTANCE OF BOTANICAL AUTHORS, BYSH UMPHRY MARSHAL T. ES <. SP AD A EGR OBR: PRINTED BY JOSEPH CRUKSHANK, IN MARKET-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD- oa sy, . —— M DCC LYXXV. if 4 : ; 7 : C. - n oR CR ee sie Rae r A Ve if ea : ay , vi i: ar ‘ = fits ‘ Mas ee e | ce fe ay ahi ihe ads gril ad ‘iby ta ; Rtn bd Heated ine «ont : ee ae ; aa by Cea) RO ase 1 as Poy eb nod j 43," as LON BS RIYA, Poll Osis ys q a: abfol n ey | = & why tiene AQaLN. ROT Me Sah Nae ee Wee, ee ie 4 ‘Ui: acy ot ite OS EP ee EN ae N D ae Ue ee ; f SG iat Cae it AD , oy ait © vv | i at J. 7 fi) ay 4 ka ha ae i ¥ dt & he yy ¥ f hs au) WS ‘iets « Siohh BR a AS 4 af roe ey V5 al aby ou ly Mae | “si , i i itn AN adalat s wes | re vi yy ; i eng ae a ON en eh i Wek ees ae it. iy v9 Hara Re MNT Cee a4 \ + aa mee ? i fi" i! Ce os, PAT by MAB. 8? edie i + Dg Oy / “ ay es ify i bs ye ” wi . \ \ y spe BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, Esauirg, PRESIDENT, . JOHN EWING, D. D. - WILLIAM WHITE, D. D. and p Vice-Prefidents, ™* SAMUEL VAUGHAN, Efquire, J A N D TO THE OTHER MEMBERS | OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, THIS ; ALPHABETICAL CATALOGUE | OF THE FOREST TREES anp SHRUBS, NATIVES of the AMERICAN UNITED STATES, IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED By THE AUTHOR. we \ Late 7 a ‘ 9 1h d vel if ei} ad et te INTRODUCTION. HEN we take a furvey of Mankind in general, and of the feveral.requi- fites by which life is rendered . comfortable and defirable, the produétions of’ the Vege- table Kingdom are amongift the foremoft; as affording the principal neceflaries, convemi- encies, and luxuries of life. It isin this view, that the Science of Bdsaiayi or that branch of natural Huiftory which teaches the right knowledge of Vegetables, and their application to the moft beneficial ufes, 1s an object which not only merits the attention and encouragement of every patriotic and liberal mind, but undoubtedly deferves a place amongit the firft of ufeful purfuits. That it is an object highly deferving the at- tention of Mankind in general, cannot be denied; but in a particular manner. of the inhabitants of this Commonwealth, the author wifhes to make appear more obvious. Thofe who are converfant in trade well Balke the continual enormous expence we are at in purchafing foreign Teas, Drugs, Dye-ftuffs, &c. The diminution of this, ought to be the care and concern of every fr iend to his Coun- try’s welfare. And we prefume it will appear _ evident, that the moft eligible and obvious means means of obtaining + this def rey objed, will be by a proper attention and application to Horticulture and Botany, In following confiderations more particularly prefent themfelves. I, The introduction and cultivation of foreign wfeful and valuable plants. Our extent of ter- ritory, our diverfity of Climate, of Soil, and of Stuation, leaves not a doubt but that we might introduce and cultivate to advantage, many of the fame articles, whofe importation this view, the at this time, 1s to us, a confiderable expence. The Thea viridis & bohea, the true green and bohea Tea plant, formerly accounted different fpecies, but now known to be the fame, and one of the greateft drainers of our wealth; may be procured either from its native place _of growth, or from Europe where it has be- come pretty common; and we have every rea- fon to believe, from its being the {fpontaneous produce of the fame parallel of latitude, and from other confiderations refpecting its na- tural hiftory, that it might thrive well in our Southern States. In this fame view the Vine, the Almond Tree, Fig Tree, Liquorice, Mad- der and Rhubarb, defervedly require our atten- tion. Many other * foreign ufeful plants might be enumerated, and the advantages that may be derived to this Commonwealth from their introduction, encreafe and culture, muft appear fuficiently obvious. * See Tranfafticns of the American Philofophical Society, Vol. J. Page 155. Fd i ( vi ‘ ) “Il. The difcovering the qualities and ufes of our own native Vegetable produttions, and applying them to the moft ufeful purpofes. Our extent of luxuriant unexplored territory, is an object ~ which here in a particular manner occurs re- plete with promifing advantages. Our being able to difcover a plant of equal general ufage with the Potatoe, Tobacco, or Ginfeng ; or good fubftitutes for Tea, Coffee and Peruvian Bark; would be advantages furpafling all adequate — eftimation. eel It is true, we may gain by tedious experi- ence, or ftumble by chance upon many ufeful difcoveries refpecting the ufes and medicinal virtues of plants, but it is from our obferva- tions and refearches founded upon, and di- rected by, a knowledge of Botany, that we can alone hope for certain fuccefs. From the writings of the celebrated Linn xus this gene- ral rule is fufficiently eftabhfhed; that plants of the fame habit and appearance, and thofe which agree in the difpofition of their flowers and fruit, have lkewife fimilar virtues and properties. From this obfervation we deduce an obvious inference; that the more general knowledge we obtain of the characters and ‘appearance of plants, the more likely we fhall be alfo to encreafe our knowledge of their vir- tues, qualities and ufes. This fubject has been much urged and long dwelt upon from a conviction of its impor- tance and promifing advantages: the author, influenced by thefe confiderations, and from | a belief A aas),,) a belief that. it might contribute in fome de- gree to. render a knowledge of this fubjec& more familiar and eafy, has. been induced.to draw up. this Alphabetical. Catalogue of the Foreft Trees.and Shrubs, natives, of the Ame- rican United States, as mentioned by the beft authors, or fince difcovered by ingenious tra- vellers, In this Catalogue are contained their Linnzan Generic and trivial names, (or new formed ones where thefe have been wanting) together with their moft common and approv- ed Englifh ones; the particular diftinguifhing characters of each Genus; a plain and fami- liar defcription of the appearance, manner of growth, &c, of their feveral fpecies and va- rieties; and alfo, fome hints of their native foil and fituation, ufes in Medicine, as Dyes and in domeftic. ceconomy. As terms peculiar to the fcience frequently and unavoidably occur, it was judged necef- fary, in order to render the work more ufeful and complete, to prefix a general explanation of the Linnzan fyftem of arrangement, as alfo of the ufeful and unavoidable {cientific terms; for this and other purpofes the author has eed himfelf from the beft writers, of what has been judged moft applicable and conducive to his defign. The whole forming an ufeful Vademecum Botamcum, or Botanical Companion. In this my Countrymen are pr ae at one view with a concife defcription of their own native Foreft Trees and Shrubs, as far as hi- therto difcovered. And thofe whofe fancy may tix ) may lead to this delightful fcience, may by a little application, from hence be enabled fcien- tifically to examine and arrange, not only thofe of the fhrubby, but the feveral and various {pecies of the herbaceous clafs. "The foreiguer, curious in American collections, will be here- by better enabled to make a feleCtion fuitable to his own particular fancy. If he withes to cultivate timber for ceconomical purpofes, he is here informed of our valuable Foreft ‘Trees: -1f for adorning his plantation or: garden of our different ornamental flowering fhrubs, _ The author would have been happy, could he have given alfo a defcriptive Catalogue of our native herbaceous plants, “At prefent, circumftances oblige him to confine himfelf to Foreft Trees and Shrubs; however he has fuch a work in contemplation fhould this meet with the encouragement of the public. He is well aware that many improvements might have been made, with regard to the form and manner of defcription, as well as by the addition of Synonyms, Notes of re- ference, &c, but, upon reflecting that the ge- nerality of his Readers would have been more embarraffed and confufed than profited there- by, he was determined to ufe the moft plain and familiar method and language, in order to render the work as generally ufeful as poffi- ble; this being the chief end and defign of the undertaking, b A View 7 . F: 7 r ; are ft , ( x ) A View, of the Twenty-four Claffes of the SEXUAL System of Linnzus, with their Names and Cha- ‘ratters ; alfo the Numberand Explanation of Orders contained in each. Number -Their Names and Number Their Names, expreffive 7 i of the. Gharatters. of Orders the. Number of Female & a WS eas tn each, Parts or Styles. = ey. +*? NIONANDRIA, ;* ‘, | : lel ig One fertile ftamen, i. obo ft Meant “yyy Rot ae F i having the Axthere. rae ag i aL nebo ihe) 6.8") 9) 8 wan 1. Monogynia, - = 1 <* Two ‘fruitful Stamina ots} a Digynia, iiti- be . ao _-male'parts. | eit Soh Br Trigynia, “ asd aA 1S ocx. Monogynia - med oO TRIANDRIAL: | 2, 2. Digynia, - Lh kg | Three ditto. yr G3. I nigynia, .. ~ - 3 4.) TETRANDRIA.,. +} “Four ditto, all of equal| ¢1. Monogynia, = = 1 eilength, by which it 1s p32 2.9Digynia, - °° -( Stine ae diftinguifhed from the | (3. Tetragynia, - - 4, fourteenth clafs. ws vbr 3 | (1. Monogynia, - - | ae 12, Digynla yi ay ii) my yori @ 5. PENTANDRIA. 3 2 3: Triginia, om Five ditto. “14. Tetragynia, ~0~ 4 | | ! 5. Pentagynia, + aie: | 6. Polygynia, - = many 6. |. HEXANDRIA. |. (1. Monogynia, ray tee 8 _ Six ditto, all of equal| 12. Digynia, “ s a “length, by which this °543- Trigynia, a een). is diftinguithed from| | 4. Tetragynia, ts 4 the fixteenth clafs. Ls. Polygynia, / = - many 1. Monogynia, - -= £ a, HEPTANDRIA. i 2. Digynia, - 2 ‘" Seven ditto. 4 3. Tetragynia, <= -~ 4 4. Heptagyunia, ~ q 1. Monogynia, = ik: 8. OCTANDRIA. 42% Digynia, ea Z Fight ditto. } 3. Trigynia, 8 -. 3 | 4. Tetragynia, “ A ‘ 1. Monogynia, - Sen § Qe _ENNEANDBIA. hs 4. Teigyiaa, a Nine ditto. 3. Hexagynia,. - - 6 10. DECAN- ( \ Number Their Names and Number Their Names, exprefive of 2 of the —~-—« Gharafters. of Orders the Number of Female § Claffes. in each. Parts or Styles. < (i) Monogyniay <7. E | | 2. Digynia, ~ - - 2 } 4. Pentagynia, .. .../- 5 (5. Decagynia, - - 10 (1. Monogynia, “ - I 11. DODECANDRIA. Epes a tana ee | : 3. irigynia AG From eleven to nineteen ‘ G4 4B : t : g : 4. Pentagynia, 5 Stamina, inclufive. | 5. Odagynia, is t 3 6. Dodecagynia, - ~ 42 zz. ICOSANDRIA. >) Twenty ftamina and up- | wards (fometimes few- er) afhxed to the inner FY. Midnogypeiay® re aE fide of the Corolla or} | 2. Digynia, gual 4 hacia Ui calyx and not to the $ § 43. Trigynia, ~ ~ 3 receptacle; the corol- | | 4. Pentagynia, - 5 Ja is faftened to the in- 5. Polygynia, - - many ner fide of the calyx, | which is concave an | of one leaf. J 13. POLYANDRIA. )} s From fifteen to one thou- (1. Monogynia, ~ - fand ftamina, which be Digynia, = = 2 are faftened to the 3. Trigynia, ~ ~ 3 receptacle. It differs b 74 4. Tetragynia, - 4 from the Icofandria in 5. Pentagynia, - ~ 5 the calyx and the in- {2 Hexagynia, ~ 6 fertion of the Stamina 7. Polygynia, - = many. and Coroila. 14. DIDYNAMIA. Four Stamina: the two next to one another - fhorter than the other two; one ftyle and an uneven Corolla, x1 ) Their Names expreffive of the — difpofition of their Seedse . 1. Gymnofpermia---Seeds | naked in the calyx. 2. Angiofpermia----Seeds covered in a feed-veffel. 15. TETRADYNAMIA. } Six Stamina, tapering and erect: the two oppofite as long as the calyx, the other four a little longer; four even pe~ ~ tals. ee 1. Siliculofa--Seeds in fmall fhort pods. 2. Siliquofa---Seeds in long flender pods. , (xii Number st heir Names and | Number Their Names chiefly expref~ ofthe — Charafters. of Orders five of the Number 0 of Claffes. in each. “Male Parts or Stamina. 16, a at 4 A Perianthium, ce | nent, often’ ouble ; five petals. The fila- Ny The filaments all joined 18. IQ.’ ‘The filaments united be- ments all joined in one ! parcel below, but not above; the ’ external fhorteft, | Jj DIADELPHIA. below in two parcels, one fimple the other nine-cleft. thium of one leaf, bell- fhaped and falling- -off, The Corolla always but- ter-fly-fhaped and un- even. POLYADELPHIA. 3 low into three or more diftin& parcels. SYNGENESIA. The Stamina joined “a their Anthere (rarely by their filaments) in form of acylinder, — 7" A perian- t 3 bs =H 6 (i. Mah, tay, fEqualis----= Equal Polygamy. The flo- J all hermaphrodite. Polygamia Superflua--- * sunke ivans Polygamy. The florets in the center herma- phrodite, thofe in the cir- al Bott eetll female. Polygamia Fruftanca--- * neficewual Polygamy. The florets in the center herma- phrodite, thofe in the cir- cumference barren. 4. Polygamia Neceflaria--- Neceflary Polygamy. The hermaphrodite florets in the center barren, but the fe- male in the circumference fruitful. 5. Polygamia Segregata--- Separate Polygamy. The florets feparated by partial flower-cups within a com=- irae calyx. 6. Monogamia, Single mar- rlages, containing fimple flowers whofe Anthera are united ° t 1% Pentandria, * * 5 Jz Decandria, - - - 19 A. Endecandria, “ - 1 | 4. Dodecandria, - - 12 5. Polyandria, - = many 1. Hexandria, “ - 6 J O@andria, Ly 7 4 3 | 3 URGANGUAS (ks ey EO Y. Pentandria, - 5 2. Icofandria, ~ 20 3. Polyandria, = many xiii) SNS AvVimW Ne O QNAW Number Their Names and Number | Their Names chiefly expref- = of the ——- Gharafters. of Orders _— five of the Number of & Claes, | in each. Male Parts 6r, Stamina, © = aaah | "1, Diandria, ~ a ‘2 20. GYNANDRIA. | 2. Triandria, - The Stamina or male parts 3. Tetrandria, - ~ - attached to, and grow- ¢ 7 4 4. Pentandria, - - ing upon the female or 5. Hexandria, - Pi lam, | 6. Decandria, salk insialailis aeUR Ly. Polyandria, | - man { 1. Monandria, - 2. Diandria, - ~ | 46 Triandria, - - | 4. Tetrandria, “ ai. MONOECIA. B. Pentandria, - -- Male and female flowers is Ba Hexandria, - in diftin@ cups on the Heptandria, ~ == fame plant. g Polyandria, - man g. Monadelphia, Filaments united. 10. Syngenefia, Anthera united. jdt. Gynandria, Stamina grow- ing out of the piftitlum. { 1. Monandria. ~ . Diandria, ~ - . Triandria, - . Tetrandria, . . Pentandria, ~ ~ . Hexandria, - , O@andria, ~ ~ 8. Enneandria, - h Decandria, - - 10 . Dodecandria, = 32 a ont Sees 22. DIQECIA. Male and female flowers ' on different plants of ( | the fame Species. CO An ROR re Polyandria, > many — | 12. Monadelphia, Filaments united. 13. Diadelphia, Anthere united. 14. Syngenefia, Stamina grow- ing out of the piftillum. 1. Monoecia, one houfe, or male and female flowers on the fame plant. AS Dioecia, two houfes, or male : and female flowers on fe- parate plants. 3. Trioecia, three houfes, or male, female and herma- phrodite, growing on three diftin@ plants of the fame a Genus. 23. POLYGAMIA. Male, female and her- maphrodite flowers di- ftiné in the fame Spe- cles, and fometimes on the fame plant. 24. CRYPTOGAMIA. The frudtification either wholly efcapes our no- f¢ 4 tice, or the flowers are hid within the fruit. 1. Filices. Ferns. 2. Mufci. Moffes. 3. Algz. Fucus, or Sea-weed. 4. Fungi, Muthroons. t ey 8: Note, Panis: the Palms have, in late works, been added by way of appendix, and conftitutes the 25th clafs; but as thefe are not natives of thefe States, and their fruétification but aula known, they are omtied, | From the Se) ae View it appears, that the Names and Characters of the Twenty-four Clafles, are each founded on either the Number, Infertion, Equality, Connection, Situation, or Abfence of the STAMINA ot MALE SEXUAL ORGANS. On Number only, are founder! the firft eleven Claffes, from Monandria to Dodecandria. On Number and Infertion, aft isofandria and Polyandria. On Number and Equality, ‘ Didynamia and Tetradynamia. On Conneétion, Monadelphia, Diadelphia, Polyadel- phia, and Syngenefia. — On Infertion only, Gynandria. On Situation, Monoecia, Dioecia and Polygamia. On Abfence, Cryptogamia. ~ (f ixx, )) An Explanation of the different parts of Fruétification. fy in Vik na a Ger Ml RUCTIFICATION is a t€mporary part of vegetables, F appointed for the purpofe of generation, terminating the old vegetable and beginning the new. The ee of fruc- tification are the feven following, viz. ai be ety flower. ety; or empalement. 2. The Corolla, petals, or painted leaves of the flower. We 3. The Stamina, threads, or chives. 4. The Piftilum, or pointal. 5. The Pericarpium, or Seed-veflel. 6. The Seeds. 7. The Receptacle, or bafe on which all the aitiek tad of the fructification are connected. e I. The calyx (which is the termination of the outer bark of the plant, prefenting itfelf in the fruttification, in this form) comprehends the feven following fpecies, viz. the perianthium, the involucrum, the amentum, the Jpadix, the glu- ma, the calyptra, and volva, of each of which in their order. 1. The perianthium, the flower-cup or empalement properly fo called, is the moft common fpecies of calyx, and fituated. clofe to the fruttification. If it enclofes the ffamina and germen, itis called the perianthiwm of the fructification. If ft enclofes the Stamina andnot the germen, itis the perianthium of the flower. If it includes the germem, and not the /fta- mina, it is the perianthium of the fruit, 2. The involucrum or cover is fituated at the bottom of an um- bel, at fomediftancefrom the flower. Itis called an univer- fal ‘aolucrint or cover, if itis fituated at the bottom of an univerfal umbel; and a partial involucrum or cover, if. at the foot of a partial umbel. 3. The amentum or katkinis that fortofcalyx, which confifts of a great number of chaffy fcales proceeding from a.common receptacle or flender thread, asin hazel, alder, &c. 4. The fpatha or theath is afort of calyx which burfts length- ways, and puts forth a ftalk fupporting the flowers; as in narci{jus, fhow-drop, arwm, indian turnep &c. 5. The gluma or chaffy hufk, is that fort of calyx peculiar to graffes, compofed of thin fcales or valves, which are often terminated by an arifia, a beard, or awn. 6. The calyptra a veil or hood, is a fort of: calyx peculiar to * moffes, ( avr} _moffes, placed over their antherz, and refembling a monk’s cowl, or rather an extinguifher. | 7. The volya is a fort of calyx peculiar to the fungi or muth- room tribe, involving or inclofing their fructification, It is -membranacecous and torn quite round. Ij. The corolla, literally awreath or garland, (f{erving together with the calyx as covers to the parts they inclofe) is the termination of the inner bark of the plant prefenting itfelf in this form, and confifts of the petalum and nefariwm. 1. The petalum or petal is the corrollaceous covering of the flower. If the Hower is monopetalous, i. e. confifts of one petal, the lower hollow part of fuch a corolla is called tubus, the tube, and the upper part which fpreads wider is called limbus, the limb or border. And from its different figure it is called either, Bell-(baped, without any tube below, Funnel-(baped or conical, with a tube, Saucer or falver-[baped, with a tube, Wheel-fbaped, without any tube below; or Gaping, lipped or mafked. If the corrolla be polypetalous, i. e. confifts of many petals, the lower part of each petal is called, the unguis, or claw. And the tpper part which is wider, is called the lamina, or ‘thin. plate. Again this upper part or Jamina, is either Croff-foaped, of four equal fpreading petals; or Butter-fly-(baped, irregular and of four petals; the upper one ' of which is called the flandard; the two fide ones wings; and the under one the keel. 2. The neftarium is that part of the corolla which contains ~ the honey; having a wonderful variety both as to fhape and ‘fituation, and is fometimes united with the petals, and fome- times. feparate from them. | jul. The ffamina are thofe parts of a flower appropriated to the preparation of the pollen, or fecundating duft, and con- fift of the filamentum, the anthera, and the pollen. i. The filamentum, the filament or thread ferves to elevate the anthere, and connect it to the flower. 2. The anthera, or fummit of the flamen, is that part which contains the pollen or fecundating duft, and difcharges it when ripe. 3. The pollen, or impregnating duft, is that fine powder con- tained within the anthere, or tops of the ftamina, and dif- perfed when ripe, upon the female organ, for impregnating the fame. IV. The (xvii : ) IV. The piflillum, pointal, or female organ, adheres to the fruit, and is that part appropriated for the reception of the pollen, fpoken of above. It confifts of the germen, the ffylus, — and the fligma. We ee UF 3 1. The germen, or feed-bud; is the bafe or lower patt of the - piflillum; containing the rudiments of the unripe fruit, or feed, in the flowering ftate of the plant, — 2. The flylus, or ftyle, isthat part of the pi/tillwm which ftands upon the germen, and clevates the fligma or fummit. : 3. ‘Che ftigma, the fummit, or top of the fiyle, is that part which receives the fertilizing duft of the anthere, and tranf- nits its effluvia, through the ftyle into the middle of the . germen, or feed- bud. ‘V. The pericarpium, or feed veffel, is that part which contains the feeds, and difcharges them when ripe. It comprehends the eight following fpecies, viz. the cap/ula, the filiqua, the legumen, the conceptaculum or folliculus, the diupa, the pomum, the bacca, and the /trobilus; of each of which in their order. LO eaT RG 1. The capfuja, a capfule or little cafket, is a dry hollow feed-. veffel, that fplits or opens in fome determinate manner. €apfules, when opened or fplit, are divided outwardly into one or more pieces, called valiule, or valves, the parts which divide the capfules internally into cells are called difJepimenta, or partitions. And the fubftances which con- nect the partitions tothe feeds, are called columelle, or little- pillars. The empty {paces for containing the feeds, are called loculamenta, or cells. | us ah 2. The filiqua, or pod is a feed-veffel with two valves; having the feeds fixed along the joining or edge of both valves. 3. The legumen, or cod, is a feed-veffel with two valves, having the feeds fixed along the edge of one of the valves only. 4. The conceptaculum, a receiver; or folliculus, a little bag, is -a feed-veffel with one valve, fplitting length-ways from top to bottom, and has no feam for faitening the feeds with- in it. | 5. The drupa; drupe, or ftone fruit, is a pulpy’ feed-veffel, which has no valve, or external opening, and contains with- In it a ftone or nut. 6. The pomum, or apple, is a pulpy feed-veffel; which has no valve or external opening, and contains within it a capfule. 7. The bacca, or berry, is a pulpy feed veffel; which has no valve, and contains feeds which are naked, or have no other covering than the pulp. C 8. The ( xviii) 8. The firobilus, or cone, is a feed-veffel compofed of woody {cales, laid over one another like tiles; it opens only at top, the fcales being fixed below to the center of the cone. VI. Semen, the feed, is a deciduous part of the plant, con- taining the rudiments of a new vegetable, and fertilized by the fprinkling of the male duft. Under this head are com- prehended the feed properly fo called, the nut and propago. The nut is a feed covered with a hard bony fkin. Be Propago, the feed of the moffes, which has no tunic or covering. VII. The receptaculum, or receptacle, the feventh and laft part of the fructification on whichthe other fix are connected, comprehends the receptaculum proprium, the receptaculum com- mune, and the /padix. iv hes 1, The receptaculum proprium, or proper receptacle, which be- longs tothe parts of a fingle frutification only. It is called the receptacle either of the fruftification, when it is com- mon to both flower and fruit; of the flower, when the parts of the flower only are faftened to it without the ger- men; of the fruit when it is a bafefor the fruit, and at a di- » ftlance from the receptacle of the flower; or of the feeds, when it is a bafe to which the feeds are fixed within the pericarpium or feed-veflelh == NE TEE Drab: 2. The receptaculum commune, or common receptacle, is that which connetts feveral florets together; as in compound flowers; andis either paleacewm chaffy, i. e. with thin membranaceous chaffy plates rifing between the florets, or nudum naked, without chaffy plates. — abs 3. The fpadix is the receptacle of the palms, and is always branched. It is alfo ufed to fignify the flower ftalk of every plant, which was originally contained within a Jpatha or theath; but in this laft cafe itis often fimple. Explanation of the Modes of Flowering. The peduncle or foot-ftalk of the floweris a partial trunk, bear- _ing the fructification only, but not the leaves. ‘When branched or divided, each of the divifions is called pedicellus, or a little flower-ftalk. Flower-ftalks are diftinguithed from the place of the plant _. where they grow, into, — | 3 | 1. The radical flower-ftalk, when they proceed immediately fromthe root. et | 2. The cauline flower-ftalk, which proceeds from the pe ( Sx + 3, The branch peduncle, which proceeds from the branches, 4. The axillary, or bofom flower-ftalk, which comes out be- tween the leaf and ftem, or between the branch and ftem. 5. The terminal flower-ftalk, which comes from the extremity of the branch or ftem. — 6. The folitary peduncle, when there is only one in the fame place. 2 T he fcattered peduncles, when a great many grow together without any order. © } Flower-ftalks are alfo diftinguifhed from the different modes in which flowers are borne and connected on them, into the unifiorous, biflorous, triflorous, or multiflorous peduncle, that is, which bear one, two, three, or many flowers. Flowers are alfo collected or borne inthe ten following modes. a. The fafciculus, a bunch or bundle, when peduncles are erect, parallel, placed clofe to one another, and all of the fame height, as in fweet-william, | 2. The capitulum, a little head, where many flowers are collett- ed into ahead, at the extremity of a peduncle, as in globe amaranthus. | 3. The fpike, where the flowers fit clofe without foot-ftalks, and are placed along a common flower-ftalk. A fpike is called fecunda, fingle ranked, when all the flowers are turned to one fide; or difticha, double ranked, when the flow- ers look to both fides, or ftand two ways. 4. Thecorymbus, where the leffer flower-ftalks of unequal lengths are produced along the common peduncle on all fides, and rife to the fame height, fo as to form a flat or even furface at top, asin /pirea opulifolia. 5. The panicle where the fruttifications are difperfed upon . foot-ftalks varioufly fubdivided, as in oats, &c. a panicle is {aid to be diffufe when the partial foot-ftalks diverge, and the fruttifications hang loofe; or flraight and narrow; when the foot-ftalks approach near to one another. .6. The thyrjus is a panicle contraéted into an oval or egg- thaped-form, fomewhat refembling the cone of a pine; as ‘in lilac, horfe chefnut, &c. 7. The racemus or clufter, confifts of a common peduncle, having fhort lateral branches, all nearly of equal length proceeding from it; asin the vine, currants &c. It is called racemus fecundus, or aone ranked clufter when all the foot-ftalks incline to one fide; as in the forrel-tree and moft of our andromedas. 1. The ( xx ) 8. The verticillus, ot whorl, where the flowers ate produced ‘in rings at each joint of the ftem, .with very thort foot- ftalks; as in mint, horehound, &c. 9. The umbella or umbel, where a number of {mall flower- ftalks rife from the fame center to an equal height and form an even furface at top. It is called a fimple wmbel, when the flower-ftalks are fimple or undivided; and a compound wmbel, or fometimes an univerfal umbel, when all the foot- {talks are fubdivided into fmaller umbels, commonly called partial umbels | | io. The cyma, or irregular umbel, where the foot-ftalks rife from ‘a common center, and to an: equal height, as in the umbel; but the fecondary or partial foot-ftalks are irregularly difperfed, without order as in elder, viburnum, &c. 27 The Reader is requefted to obferve that the names of the Species, under which the words, Bartram’s Catalogue immediately occur, are not found in Linneus’s Species Plantarum, but are taken from a Sheet Catal cine publifbed by Fohn and William Bartram, Botanifts oon King jeffing ; ng; containing the names of Foreft Trees and Shiubs, growing in, or near their agen A. CAT-. o hi ; mY ous ae ogg eos alacant 2e>e2< SDE doe occ" 5,8 -{e Fi en “ Peaks EDD OOOO fs A Bh BOA LOI BAe O F TREES ann SHRUBS, AY RG | i aon MA ae OP Clas 23, Order 1. Polyandria Monoecia. ‘ hath Hermaphrodite and Male flowers upon the faine .. tree: In the Hermapkrodite, The E mpalement is of one leaf, five cleft, acute, coloured, plain ~ and entire at the bafe, and permanent. The Corolla confifts of five petals, which are ovate, broader outward, obtufe, fcarce larger than the calyx, and fpreading. The Filaments are ents awl-dhaped and fhort. The dAnthere fimple. The Germen is compreffed and funk in the Receptacle, which is large, convex and perforated. ‘The Style is thread-form, en- creafing in length. The Stigmas two, dharp-pointed, flender, and reflexed. - The Seed-ve fer are two capfules joined at the bafe, roundifh, compreffe d, and each terminating in a large membranaceous wing. The Seeds are folitary and roundith. The Male are the fame in all parts except wanting the germen and ftyle. Obj. ‘Che Ath-leaved Maple has male and female flowers on feparate trees. | A | | The PES i 2 oe, : * the Species with us ate, . ACER pennfylvanicum----Penn/ylvanian Dwarf Mountain Maple. This grows naturally upon the mountains in the back parts of Pennfylvania. The {tems are flender, rifing to the height of fix or eight feet, and fending off feveral oppofite branches. The leaves are three- pointed, pretty much fawed on their edges, and placed oppofite upon pretty long footftalks. The flowers terminate the ftalks in a pretty long erect racemus or bunch; they are fmall, of an herbaceous » colour, and in part fucceeded by {mall conjoined winged feeds. 2. AcER glaucum. The St/ver-leaved Maple. This tree grows frequently to the height of fifty or fixty feet, with many fpreading branches. ‘The leaves are five-lobed, fomewhat toothed, or deeply and irregularly fawed on their edges : they are of alucid green on the upper fide and a bright filver co- | Jour on their under. ‘The flowers are produced in little umbels at the foot of the leaves; they are of a deep red colour, and are fucceeded by large winged feeds, which fall off early in the fummer. This is perhaps the Acer rubrum of Linnzus. 3. Acer Negundo. The A/b-leaved Maple. This tree is dioecious, or having male and female flowers upon different trees; it is but of middling . growth, rifing perhaps to the height of twenty or thirty feet. The leaves fomething refemble thofe. of the Ath, but are generally trifoliate or quinquefoliate, or confifting of three or five lobes; which are oval, fomewhat pointed, and a little notched towards their extremities. The flowers of the male are produced | upon ‘ Ne i ise upon pendulous bundles of very long fine threads or footftalks, each having a {mall flower-cup at its ex- tremity, containing five or more ftamina. The female produces flowers at the extremity of the fmall branch- es, in long loofe bunches; they have long footftalks, with a {mall deciduous empalement; containing a comprefled germen, with fcarce any ftyle, but two _ reflexed ftigmas. 4. AcER canadenfe. American firiped Maple. This is but of middling growth. The bark, efpecially of the young fhoots, is beautifully variegated or ftrip- ed. The leaves are divided into three very fharp pointed lobes, and very finely fawed on their edges. The flowers are produced in folitary bunches, with fhortifh footftalks ; having pretty large petals and empalements, containing generally eight ftamina or filaments; and in hermaphrodite flowers two reflexed ftigmas. The flowers and feeds are of a greenifh yellow colour. 5. AcER rubrum. The Scarlet flowering | Maple, This grows to a pretty large fize inarich foil. The leaves are three and fometimes nearly five lobed, and {awed on their edges. ‘The flowers are produced in little umbels clofely furrounding the {mall branches, and are of a fcarlet colour. The footftalks of the hermaphrodite flowers, fhoot out to a confiderable length; they are of afcarlet colour, each fuftaining two joined winged feeds, fomewhat of the fame co- dour. There isa variety of this with yellowifh flow- ers and feeds, which is, [ believe, the moft common kind in Pennfylvania. 6 ACER wee ie 6. Acer faccharum. The Sugar Maple. This grows to a large tree of two feet or more in diameter, and fifty or fixty feet high. The Jeaves _fomething refemble the Silver-leaved Maple, but are not fo large, nor deeply lobed; or of fo fine a filver colour. It flowers in manner of the Scarlet Maple, but the flowers are of an herbacéous colour; and produces large joined winged feeds. ‘The back in- habitants make a pretty good fugar, and in confider- abie quantity, of the fap of this and the Silver-leaved Maple; and though thefe have generally been pre- ferred, yet all our Maples yield a fap which affords a pretty good fugar. | PN ale Giten a ie 3 THE HORSE-CHESNUT.-TREE. Clafs 7, Order 1. Heptandria Monogynia, HE Empalement is of one leaf, tubulous, fmall and five. toothed. — 3 | The Corolla confifts of five petals, roundith, waved with a plait- ed margin, plane, fpreading, unequally coloured, and infert- ed by narrow claws into the calyx. , The Filaments are feven (fometimes eight) awl-fhaped, the length of the corolla, and declined. The dathere rifing. The Germen is roundith, ending in an aw]-thaped Style. . The Stigma tharp pointed. | The Seed-vefJel a capfule, coriaceous, roundith, three-cell’d and — three valv'd. The Seeds or nuts two, fomewhat globofe, often but one ar- riving to perfection. 1. 4iscuLus octandra, New river Forse Chefnut. “This often becomes a tree of pretty large AleG. The branches are fmooth and of a greyifh colour. The leaves are palmated, or compofed of five pretty : ) large (9 3 large lobes joined at their bafe, having a pretty long common footftalk: they are fomewhat wedge fhape, or narrower towards the bafe than the point, veined with obligue parallel veins, and fawed on their edges. The flowers are produced in a loofe thyr/us, at the ex- tremity of the branches, of a pale yellowifh colour; and are fucceeded by fruit near the fize of the eaitern Horfe-Chefnut. 2. MscuLus Pavia. Scarlet flowering Horfe- , Chefnut. . : - This is but of humble growth, feldom rifing to more than ten or twelve feet high; fending out feve- ral branches, with leaves and flowers much like the former,’except the flowers being of a bright red colour: they ftand upon fhort naked footitalks, branching from the common ftem, generally five or fix together in each ¢hyrfus. They are tubulous at bottom but fpread open at top, where the petals are irregular in fize and length, having fomething the ‘ appearance of alip flower; they have feven or eight ftamina the length of the petals. When the flower | fades the Germen {wells to a pear fhaped fruit, with a thick ruffet coloured covering, containing fome- times one or two nuts. | X AMORPHA, Ba:S PAR DEIN D I oO, ~ Clafs 17. Order 3. Diadelphia Decandria. e% HE Empalement is of one leaf, tubulous, cylindrical and | top-fhaped: at the mouth erett, five-toothed, and 'ob- tufe: the two fuperior teeth largeft; permanent. The Corolla is a fingle petal, inverfe egg-ihape, concave, fcarce ~ Jatger than the calyx, erect, inferted in the calyx between > the two largeft upper teeth, and placed on the upper fide. The f6% The Filaments are ten, very flightly joined at the bafe, erett, unequal in length, and longer than the corolla. . The Anthere are fimple. The Germen is roundith. The Style awl- -thaped and the length of the Stamina. The Stigma is fimple. The Seed-veffel a Legumen or Pod, moon- thapet reflexed, larger than the calyx, compreffed, the top moft reflexed, of one cell, and tubercled. The Seeds are two, of an oblong kidney form. Ob. This is fi ingularly diftinguifhable from all the Papilionace- ous tribe, in having only the yexillnm or ftandard, and want- ing the wings and keel. There appears to be but one Species of this Genus, viz. AmorpHa fruticofa. Shrubby Baftard Indigo. This grows naturally in Carolina, where it rifes with many irregular {ftems, to the height of ten or twelve feet, with very long winged leaves, in fhape like thofe of the common Acacia. At the extremity of the fame year’s fhoots, the flowers are produced - in long flender fpikes, which are very {mall and of a deep purple colour. The flowers are fucceeded by moon-fhaped, reflexed, comprefled pods, each containing two kidney- fhaped feeds, ANDROMEDA. ANDROMEDA. 'Clafs 10. Order 1. Decandria Monogynia. Hi Empalement is five-parted, acute, very fmall, coloured, and permanent. The Corolla confifts of one petal, bell- {haped and five-cleft: the divifions reflexed. The Filaments are ten, awl-fhaped, longer than and fcarcely af- fixedto thecorolla. The Anthere are two horned andnodding. The Germen is roundith. The Style cylindrical, longer than the Stamina and permanent. The Stigma is obtufe. The Seed-vefJel a capfule, roundith, pentagonal, five- celled, five valved, and gaping at the angles. hi The ‘ See, - The: hae are many, roundith and thining. | Obf. The Corolla in fome is ovate, in others perfectly belle thaped. ‘The Species are, native with us, . I, ANDROMEDA arborea. The Sorrel Tree. ‘Tt grows, naturally In Virginia, to about ten or twelve feet high. The flowers grow in long naked bunches, coming out from the fides of the branches, of an herbaceous colour, ranged on.one fide of the common foot-ftalk: they are oval, pitcher-fhaped, and nodding; and are fucceeded by {mall capfules. 2, ANDROMEDa calyculata. , Euersonceu Dwarf. Andromeda. _ This is a low shrub, growing,on-mofly land. The leaves are fhaped fomething like thofe of, the Box tree. and are of the fame confiftence, having many - dmall punctures on them. .The flowers, grow in fhort racemi or bunches from the extremity of the branch- es, they are white and of a cence pitcher-fhape. _ 3. ANDROMED A Ramin cae An- _ dromeda. This fhrub grows in boggy wet ground, rifing from two or three to fix orfeven feet high, fending out 4everal branches which are clothed with oblong leaves, a little notched and placed alternately. ‘The flowers grow in long loofe panicled racemi or bunches, at the extremity of the branches; they are pitcher- fhaped, and fucceeded by {mall round feed-veflels, having five cells, filled with {mall round feeds. There is a variety of this of low growth, differing in having fhorter ( 9} fhorter - panicled bunches of. flowers, and thefe com- — ing out at the divifions, aswell as at the extremities of the branches. i ANDROMEDA racemofa, — ceeds alesis , Red-bud Andromeda. This is grow in low clayed lands, to the height of five or fix feet. The leaves are ob! long and ferrated. The flowers are produced in a one fided racemus at the extremity of the branches, and refemble the other kinds. The long bunch of flower buds are of a beautiful red colour in thé {pring, and thereby maké a good appearance. §. ANDROMEDA mariana. Maryland, or broad-~ leaved Andromeda, | Is afhrub of low growth, having but.a {mall ftem, which is generally retroflected or bent from fide to fide. The leaves are egg-fhaped, entire, broad, and of pretty thick confiftence.’ The Seed-veffels are larger than the other kinds, gaping at their tops. 56. ANDROMEDA nitida. Ever-green foining- leaved Andromeda, “or Carolinian Red-buds. ‘Bartram § Catalog gue.) OBbis Dah grows naturally in Carolina and Flori da, and may juflly be ranked. ines the moft beau- tiful flowering, The leaves are. perennial, near three inches in length and one in breadth, of a hard and firm tex- ture, lance-fhape, jof a deep fhining, or glofly green colour on both fides, placed by pretty long foot{talks alternately wpon each fide of the branches, but in- clining oa clining to the upper fide, and ftanding nearly ered. The flowers are produced along the under fide of the branches, in long one rowed. racemi or bunches, which as they arrive to theit full growth change toa - damafk rofe colour. The under parts of the bunch- es fomewhat refemble the cells of a honey-comb, diffufing an agreeable fragrance, and affording a delicious harveft to the honey-bee. : +, ANDROMEDA plumata. Plumed Andromeda, or Carolinian fron-wood Tree. | (Bartram’s Catalogue.) This is alfo a fouthern beautiful fpecies of Andro- meda; rifing to the height of fifteen or twenty feet, and fending off towards the top, many fpreading and nearly horizontal branches. The leaves are fmall, lance-fhaped, and of a deep . glofly green, but changing in Autumn before they iall off, to yellow, red, purple, &c. giving the trees a beautiful appearance, even in their decline. The flowers are produced at the extremity of the branch- es, In one-rowed racemes or bunches, they are very {mall and perfectly white, fomewhat refembling a plume of delicate white feathers. This and the laft mentioned, grow naturally by the fides of ponds, and fwamps, in Carolina and Florida. : AY Be OU WN i: GA. PAPAW TREE, or CUSTARD APPLE. Clafs 13. Order 7. Polyandria Polygynia. ope Empalement is three leaved and fmall: the leaves heart- - fhaped, concave, and fharp-pointed. The Corolla is compofed of fix petals, heart-dhaped and feffile or fquat: the three alternate interior lefs. ; The es The Filaments fcarce any. The Anthere are very numerous, fitting upon the fides of the Germen. The Germen is {omewhat round, fitting upon a roundith recept- acle. The Styles none. The Stigmas obtufe. ‘The Seed-vefJel a very large berry or fruit, of an oval or oblong _ © thape, covered with a {mooth rind, and’of one cell. The Seeds are feveral, hard, thining, oblong, oval, (compref- fed in fome fpecies) and placed in acircle. The Species with us are, 1, ANNONA glabra. Carolinian Smooth-barked Annona, ) _ The bark is fmooth, the leaves broad, oval, but narrowed towards the bafe. The fruit is large, yel-_ low and fomewhat conical. This grows naturally in | Carolina. nf nin 2. ANNonaA triloba. Pennfylvanian Triple- fruited Papaw, This grows common in rich bottoms and by river fides, in Pennfylvania. It rifes to the height of ten, twelve, and fometimes twenty feet, with but few branches, garnifhed with pretty long large leaves, narrowed toward the bafe and {mooth on their edges. The flowers are folitary, and of a dark purple co. jour; they have fhort footftalks, which with the flower-cup is covered with fhort brown hairs or down. The fruit is often found growing two or three together, which {oon falls off, becomes very mellow and turns of a yellow colour. ARALIA. THE ANGELICA TREE. Clafs 5. Order 5. Pentandria Pentagyina. N Involucrum, which is very {mall, to the little globular umbels. The. ( ir ) The Empalement is five-toothed, very finall, and above. The Corolla confifts of five petals, which are ovate, acute, fef- file and reflexed. | _ The Filaments are five, awl-fhaped, and the length of the co- —rolla. The Anthere are roundith. : | The Germenis roundith and beneath. The Styles five, very fhort, and permanent. The Stigmas fimple. _ ro The Seed-vefJel a berry, roundith, firiated, crowned and five- celled. | | Vhe Seeds are folitary, hard, and oblong. ~ The Species with us are, ARALIA fpinofa. Virginian Angelica Tree. This rifes with a thick woody ftem to the height of ten or twelve feet, dividing into feveral branches, which are garnifhed with ramofe divaricated leaves, placed alternately. The flowers are produced in large, loofe, compound umbels, at the extremity of the branches: they are of an herbaceous colour, and are fucceeded by roundifh berries of a purplifh co- Jour when ripe. The ftem, branches, and footitalks of the leaves are armed with fhort {trong fpines. ) A BA rd cus THE STRAWBERRY TREE, or BEAR-BERRY. Clafs 10, Order 1. Decandria Monogynia. HE Empalement is five parted, obtufe, very fmall and permanent. . The Corolla is one petalled, ovate, planith at the bafe; the bor- der is five cleft; the divifions obtufe, revolute and {mall. The Filaments are ten, awl-bellied, very flender at the bafe, half the length of the corolla, and affixed by the margin to its bafe. The Anthere are flightly two cleft and nodding. The Germen is fomewhat globofe, fitting upon a receptacle marked with ten points. The Style is cylindrical and the length of the corolla. The Stigma is thickith and obtufe. The Seed-vefJel is a berry, roundith and five celled. The Seeds are {mall and bony, The ( ) The Species with us ‘are, ARBUTUS Uva urfi. The Bear-berry.. This grows naturally in the Jerfeys. It is a low trailing fhrub, dividing into many branches, clofely fet with fmooth, thick, entire leaves, of an oval form. The flowers are produced in {mall bunches, near the ends of the branches, and are fucceeded by red berries. ‘This has been ufed with great fuccels in many calculous complaints. ARISTOLOCHIA. BIRTHWORT. | Clafs 20. Order 5. Gynandria Hexagynia. f Bhs E Empalement is wanting. The Corolla is of one petal, tubulous nid irregular: the bafe bellied, fomewhat globular'and protuberant: the tube oblong, fix cornered cylindrical: the border dilated ant} ex- tended beneath inva, long tongue. The Filaments are wanting. The Anthere are fix adjoied un- der the Stigmas, and four celled. - The Germen is oblong beneath and angled. The Style fcarce any. The Stigma fomewhat globular, fix parted, and con- cave. The ee veffel is a capfule, which is large, hexagonal and fix celle The Seeds are many, depreffed and incumbent. Obf. The Seed-veffel varies in figure; in fome fpecies it is -roundifh, in others oblong. | The Species growing fhrubby, with us, is one, viz. ARIsToLocHia frutefcens. Penn/ylvanian Shrubby Birthwort. This grows naturally near Pittfburg, in a rich foil and fhaded fituation; rifing with fhrubby sae Cat ; (3 eal ftems, which twine round any neighbouring fup- port, and reach fometimes to the height of thir- ty feet or more, fending off many long twining branches. ‘The leaves are large, entire, and heart- fhaped, of eight inches or more in length, and as ‘much in breadth, ftanding upon thick {trong foot- ftalks. The flowers come out fingly, or fometimes two together upon pretty long foot-{talks, which are either terminal, or arife beneath the divifions of the branches, each having a bractea or floral leaf em- bracing it near its bafe; they confift of. a long tube which is very crooked and bellied towards the bafe, but narrower towards the extremity, and furnifhed with a border which at firft appears three lobed and triangular (in form of a cock’d hat,) but after be- comes fpreading, plain and roundifh, and together with the interior extremity of the tube, is finely va- riegated with {pots or ftreaks.. The Capfules or Seed-veffels are cylindrical fix-fided, of three or four inches in length and near one in diameter, opening with fix fiflures, and having fix cells, filled with heart-fhaped comprefled feeds, with a falfe one between each. This from its twining {tems and large leaves affords a fine fhady covering for an ar- bour. | ; The roots have an aromatic penetrating favour, ' and are fuppofed to be equal in medical virtues to the {mall Virginian Snake-root. | A Co YR Me, St. PETER’s WORT: Clafs 18. Order 3. Polyadelphia Polyandria. Bpae Empalement is of four leaves; the exterior oppofite are * very fmall and linear; the interior heart-fhaped, plane, large, and erect, and all permanent. : The ta 3) The Corolla is of four petals, ovate: the exterior oppofite largeft, the interior lefs. The Filaments are numerous, briftly, fightly jbited at the bafe into four parts. The Anthere are roundith. | The Germen is oblong. The Style fcarce any. The Stigma imple. The Seed-veffel a Capfule, oblong, tharp pointed, and enclofed by the larger leaves of the empalement. The Seeds are numerous, {mall and roundith. The Species are, 1. Ascyrum Hypericoides. St. Peter's Wort. This is a {mall fhrubby plant, growing naturally in low moift ground, and rifing with a few flender ftems to the height of about eighteen inches, havy- ing {mall oppofite branches, which are fomewhat — flatted. The leaves are fmall, oblong, fomewhat wedge-fhape, placed oppofite, and fitting clofe. The flowers are fparingly produced at the tops of the ftalks, and have fomewhat the appearance of ‘thofe. of St. John’s wort. aM AscyRUM villofum. V; iMofe St. Peter’s wort. This rifes to the height of about three feet, with erect ftalks. The leaves are oblong and hairy. The flowers are produced at the tops of the ftalks, re-« fembling thofe of St. John’ s wort, but have only four petals. AT AME UPRIGHT HONEY-SUCKLE. Clafs 5. Order 1. Pentandria Monogynia. Agee Empalement is five parted, erect, acute, finall, coloured and permanent, The Coe) The Corolla is monopetalous, bell-fhaped, and half five-cleft : the fide divifions inflexed. The Filaments are five, filiform, free, unequal in length, and inferted in the receptacle. The Anthere are fimple. The Germen is roundith. The Style filiform, the length of the corolla and permanent. The Stigma is obtufe. The Seed-vefJel is a Capfule, roundith, five cell’d, and five valv’d. — The Seeds are feveral, roundith. Obf. The figure of the petal in fome Species is funnel form, in others bell-ihaped; the ftamina in fome are alfo very long and declined. ; | | The Species with us, are, 1, AZALEA nudiflora. Red-flowered Azalea. This grows moft common upon a moilt, clayey, gravelly foil, rifing from two or three, to five or fix feet in height. The leaves are.produced in clufters at the extremity of the branches; they are oblong, inverfe, egg-fhaped, and a little hairy upon their, edges and midribs underneath. The flowers are produced early in the {pring before the leaves are expanded, in heads or clufters at the ends of the - {talks and chief branches, of a red colour, and hairy, with very long red ftamina. ‘There is great variety in the colour of the flowers, from red to almoft white. 2. Aza LEA vilcofa. White fweet Azalea. This grows naturally in rich rocky places, near {treams of water; rifing to the height of five or fix feet. The leaves are much fmaller and of a paler green colour than thofe of the red flowered, other- wife refembling them. The flowers are produced aiter the leaves are fully expanded, (about harveft time;) they are white, hairy and clammy, and have the fragrance of the honey-fuckle. 3. AZALEA ” (#8 4 3, AZALEA vifcofa paluftris. Swamp Azalea, This is a variety of the white kind, growing na- turally in wet low ground. It is of lower growth, with leaves rough and clammy at their firft appear- ance. The flowers are white, but not fo fweet as the former. ‘There is alfo fome other varieties differing fomewhat in the difpofition or appearance of their flowers, &c. BAC CH A RAS. PLOWMAN’s SPIKENARD. Clafs 19. Order 2. Syngenefia Polygamia Superflua. HE Common Calyx is cylindrical, and imbricated: the Scales linear and acute. \ The Compound Corolla, is equal with Florets Hermaphrodite and ' Female mixed. | The Proper of the hermaphrodite is funnel-form and five cleft. —-~—~—-— of the female fcarce manifeft, or almoft none. The Filaments of the hermaphrodite are five, capillary and very fmall. The Anthere cylindrical and tubulous. The Germen of the hermaphrodite is ovate. The Style filiform and the length of the flower. The Stigma is bifid or two cleft. f Of the female very like the hermaphrodite. The Seed-vefJel none, but the calyx changed. | | The Seeds of the hermaphrodite and female much alike, folita- ry, very thort, and oblong. The Pappus fimple. The Receptacle is naked. The Species are, Baccuaris halimifolia. Virginian Groundfel eo Trees It rifes to the height of fix or eight feet, fending out many erect branches, garnifhed with leaves | | sn which ( 17 ) which are fomewhat ovate, and a little toothed above, continuing green moft of the year. The flowers are produced at the extremity of the si ae and are of a yellowifh white colour. BERBERIS. The BARBERRY-BUSH. -Clafs 6. Order 1. Hexandria Monogynia. "TH Empalement is fix leaved and fpreading; the leaves ovate, narrower at the bafe, concave, the alternate lefs, colour- ed, and deciduous. | The Corolla is of fix petals, which are roundith, concave, fome- what fpreading, and fcarce larger than the calyx. A Nefarium of two corpufles, roundith, coloured and affixed to the bafe of each petal. The Filaments are fix, erect, compreffed and obtufe. Two An- there are joined to the top of each filament. The Germen is cylindrical and the length of the ftamina. The Siyle is wanting. The Stigma is orbiculate, broader than the germen, and furrounded by an acute margin. The Seed-veffel is a berry, which is cylindrical, obtufe and of one cell. | The Seeds are two, oblong, cylindrical and obtufe, The Species are, BERBERRis canadienfis. The Canadian Bar- berry. | This grows naturally in Canada, and fomewhat refembles the European Barberry, except the leaves being much fhorter and broader, and the fruit, when — ripe, of a black colour. ‘There is alfo a kind of Barberry growing upon New-River in Virginia, bear- ing red bene of which 1 have fen one {mall plant. C | BETULA. C2 ff os pF ay B. E T rT. L.A.- : ing ay a " Phe BER CB it BiB Bae te Clafs 21. Order 4. Monoecia Tetrandria. “THE Male flowers are difpofed in a cylindrical Katkin. The Calyx, is a common Katkin, imbricated on all fides. loofe and cylindrical ; compofed of triflorous Scales, to , eash of which, two very minute f{cales are placed at the ides. ? | Lhe Compeund Corolla confifts of three florets, equal, and affix- ed to the difk of each fcale of the Katkin. . The Proper is monopetalous, four-parted, fpreading, and .{mall: the diviftons obtufe and egg-ihaped. The Filaments are four, very fmall. The Anthere are twin. * The Female flowers are difpofed in Katkins on the fame plant. The Calyx is a common Katkin, imbricated: with three fcales every where oppofed, affixed to the rachis, heart fhaped with a point, biflorous, a little divided by a pointed body in the bofom towards the top, concave, and fhort. , The Corolla none manifeft. The Germen proper, is ovate, very {mall. . The Styles are two, briftly, and the length of the fcales. The Stigmas fimple. The Seed-veffel none. ‘The Katkin embracing the feeds of tw florets under each fcale. The Seeds are folitary and ovate. The Species with us are, 1, BETULA nigra. Black, or Sweet-Birch. This becomes a large tree, often rifing to the height of fifty or fixty feet, and fending off many branches. The leaves are egg-fhaped and doubly or irregularly ferrated, the {mall ferratures are clofe, the larger more remote; their footftalks are villofe. The fmall branches are alfo covered with down. The natives often make their canoes of the bark of this tree. 2. BETULA (49) +>. 2, BeTuLA lenta; - Red Birch, « : This grows to a pretty large fize, {preading into many lender pliable branches. .The leaves are fmooth, heart-fhaped, oblong, fharp-pointed, and ie and mgany fawed on their edges. 3- BETULA “papyrifera. ‘White Paper Birch. ‘This is a variety of the laft, growing toa mid- dling fize and pretty much en blng ie GACEP in having a very white {mooth bark. | ; 4. BETULA populifolia. Apaiteases Birch. This is alfo a variety of the fecond, and grows naturally in the Jerfeys, and other eaftern {tates, be- coming a pretty tall tree, and covered with a white bark. The leaves are fomewhat triangular, like thofe of the Afpen tree, but terminating in a long acute point; they are doubly ferrated, fending up- on long flender footftalks, and are put in motion by the flighteft breeze of wind. 5. BeTuLa humilis. Dwarf Birch. This is alfo a variety of the fecond kind, of alow and dwarfifh growth. ) BE TU li A+ Aw DP alowus) he. ACL DE Ro TOR EE. eee Characters are the fame of the Betula, i the Seed-vefJel. being a roundith cone. _ The Species are, 1. BETULA ( 20). 1, BETUL aA LNUS het leer Cony | Alder. ar @ This ‘grows ‘horney in low atthe suid and frequently rifes to the height af ten or twelve feet. a: BETUL A-ALNUS maritima. “Seach de Alder. This grows to the height of the former. The leaves are long and narrow. The katkins are gene- rally in bloom in Auguft, at which time the female cone or feed-veflel fets, but don’t grow to perfection ill the next fummer. | 3. Betunta-Atnus rubra. Common Alder. This grows very common in moft parts of Penn- fylvania. The leaves are broader than the other kinds, and rough or wrinkled. ‘This flowers in the Pune and perfects its feeds in the fall. BIGNONIA. Th TRUMPET FLOWER. Clafs 14. Order 1. Didynamia SNES, re Empalement is of one leaf, ereét, cup- form, and five- cleft. The Corolla is monopetalous, and bell-fhaped. The tube very {mall and the length of the calyx. The chaps very long, bellied underneath, and of an oblong bell-fhape. The bor- der is five parted; the two fuperior divifions reflexed ; the inferior fpreading. The Filaments are four, awl- fhaped and thorter than the corol- la, of which two are longer than the reft. The Anthere are reflexed, oblong, and as if doubled. The Germen is oblong. The Style thread-form, of the fituation and dhape of the ftamina. The Stigma is headed. ‘ The | ny} The Seed-ve(Jel is a fi igus or pod, of two cells and two valves. The Seeds are pretty many, imbricated, compretied, and having a membranaceous wing. _ Obf. The Catalpa delights in only two perfect flamina, and three imperfect rudiments, with a pentaphyllous calyx. The Socdiee. are, 1, BIGNONIA Catalpa. The Catalpa-T; ree: This rifes to the height of twelve or fifteen feet, with a {trong ftem, dividing into feveral branches, which are garnifhed with large heart-fhaped leaves, placed oppofite at each joint. The flowers are pro- duced in large branching panicles, at the ends of the branches; of a dirty white colour, with a few purple {pots, and faint ftripes of yellow on the infide; and waved on their edges: they are fucceeded by very long flender pods, filled with flat winged feeds, lying over each other like the feales of a fith. 2. BIGNONIA crucigera. Crofs-vine. This rifes with flender trailing ftalks, which muft be fupported, fo require the afliftance of a wall, and a good afpect; being impatient of much cold. The branches are clothed with oblong leaves remain- ing green all the year. The flowers are produced at the wings of the leaves, fhaped much like thofe of the Fox-glove; and are of a yellow colour. 3. BrgNonta radicans. Climing Trumpet- 7 Flower. | This kind, when old, hath large rough fiems, which fend out many trailing branches, putting out roots at their joints, thereby attaching themfelves to any neighbouring fupport, and rifing’ fometimes P tne RS the height of: forty or fifty’ feet. ie tsrancea are- garnifhed with winged leaves placed oppofite, which are generally compofed of four pair of {mall leayes, terminated by anoddone. The flowers are produc, ed at the ends of the fhoots of the fame year, in large bunches; they have long {welling tubes, fhaped fomewhat like a trumpet, and are of’an orange co- lour, inclining to red; and fucceeded by large pee full of Winged feeds. 4 Bicnonra fempervirens. Dcrugriten Big- ; ~ nonia, or Yellow fafmine. This. kind refembles the fecond fo much as to re- quien no further defcription. _ PALL, hc, Ace, PLA, CALLICARPA Clafs 4. Order 1. Tetrandria Monogynia. THE Empalement is of one leaf, bell-thaped: at the mouth four-parted and ered. The Corolla is .of one petal, tubulous: The border four-cleft, obtufe and {preading. Lhe Filaments are four, thread- form, twice the length of the corolla. The Anthere ovate and incumbent. = The Germen isroundith. The Style thread form, thicker cipaleine ~The Stigma thickith and obtufe. | The Seed-ve(/Jel.is a berry, globofe and fmooth. The Seeds are four, fmall, callous, oval, compreffed, fome- what convex on one fide, but a little hallowed as if eaten on. the other. There is but one Species of this Genus, viz. CALLICARPA americana, » Gani che } Shrubby Callicarpa. This fhrub rifes from three to five feet high, with but flender ftems, fending’ out many branches - the coe oF the fides, which.are wooly or downy when young, garnifhed with oval, fpear-fhaped leaves, placed op- pofite on pretty long footftalks. The flowers come © out in whorls round the ftalks, fitting very clofe; — they are {mall and tubulous, cut into four obtufe fegments at the top, which expand and are of a deep purple colour; thefe are fucceeded by foft fucculent berries, which are of a deep purple colour when full ripe, each enclofing four hard feeds. This is a na- . tive of Carolina and will not endure inuch cold. © OOTY COA NOT BH o's CAaReciNir Aw ALT SP Tee. Clafs 12. Order 5. Icofandria Polygynia. TH E Calyx is of one leaf, thickened, fquarrofe, fomewhat top-thaped, truncated, almoft clofed above; and perma- nent. The Corolla is compofed of many leaves, which are oblong, coloured, of thick and flefhy confiftence, longer than the calyx, fomewhat fpreading, but chiefly lightly incurved their . whole length; inferted in the truncated margin of the calyx, difpofed in feveral feries or rows circularly, of unequal length and deciduous. The Filaments are many, thort, awl-ihaped and inferted in the top of the calyx; the exterior of which, have oblong fur- rowed Anthere adjoined to their apex; the interior barren and clofing the calyx. The Germen are many, oblong, villofe, and hid within the calyx. ‘The Styles many, joined in a medullary.column and protrud- | ing in the center of the barren filaments, which ferve for its defence. | The Seed-veffel none but the calyx, thickened, much enlarged, berry’d, and fomewhat inverfe ege-fhaped. The Seeds are many, oval, fomewhat villofe, and furrounded longitudinally with a future. | We have but one Species.of this Genus, viz. CALYCANTHUSs ( 24) Catycantuus floridus. Carolinian Allfpice. This delightful fweet-fcented fhrub, grows natural- ly in Carolina, and rifes from four to fix or eight feet high, fending out many {mall branches, which are placed oppofire and garnifhed with oval entire leaves; _ which are likewife oppofite. The flowers are pro- duced fingly, at the extremities of the fame year’s fhoots; they are of a fullen or dark purple.colour, and when fomewhat expanded, diffufe to a confider- able diftance, a very agreeable {cent, {carcely diftin- guifhable from that of ripe ftrawberries. It flowers in May, and by fucceffion till almoft harveft. The flowers are fucceeded by large, fomewhat oval, rough, {welling capfules, of two inches or more in jength, and one in diameter, containing many oval brown feeds. iv CO AUR PL Ne, The HORNBEAM-TREE. } Clafs 21. Order 8. Monoecia Polyandria.. The Calyx is a common Katkin loofely imbricated on all fides: compofed of fcales which are uniflorous, ovate, concave, acute, and ciliated. The Corolla is none. | The Filaments are for the moft part ten, very fall. The 4n- there are twin, compreffed, villofe at the apex, and two valved. aver 7 * The Female Flowers are difpofed in along Katkin, on the fame lant. ary | “4 A Calyx isa common Katkin loofely imbricated, confifting of Scales which are lance-fhaped, villofe, reflexed at the apex, and one flowered. : sta The Corolla is cup-form, of one leaf,’ fix cleft, with two divi- fions larger. ote *r HE Male Flowers are difpofed ina cylindrical Katkin. © @% ) _ The Germen are two, very fhort, each having two Styles, which are long, capillary and coloured. The Stigmas are fimple. The Seed-veffel none. The Katkin being enlarged and contain- ing a feed at the bafe of each fcale. The Seed is a nut, ovate and angled. Obf. The feeds of the Carpinus Betulus are sorieained within the bafe of the concave calycine fcale: but of the Offya: with- in bie inflated fcale. The ponies are, with us, I. CA RPINUs Betulus virginiana. American flornbeam. 7 This grows common by moft of our river and creek fides, rifing with a ftrong, woody, fomewhat angular ftem, to the height of ten or fifteen feet; {preading into many branches, with oval, pointed leaves, fawed on their edges. The flowers are pro- duced at the ends of the young fhoots, in loofe, leaffy katkins, and are paeapners by {mall, hard, angular feeds... .. ) 2. CARPINUS gaat | ‘The Hop-Hornbeam. mae See De _ : ; ,This tree often grows larger and more upright than the former, the wood is tougher, the branches fewer and more erect. The leaves fomewhat refem- ble thofe of the Elm. The male katkins are pro- duced at the extremity of the branches, they are fet the preceding fall, and remain all winter. The female flowers are produced i in inflated chafly katkins, much refembling a hop, from whence it acquired its name. ‘There is a variety of this called the Vir- ginian flowering Hop- Hornbeam, which I have not feen. CASSINE. ( 26 ) (CASSINE — iy oN or SOUTH- SEA TEA. TREE, Clafs 5. Order 3. ‘pentanaitie ‘Trigynia, ‘THE Empalemene i is five-parted, beneath, véry fall obtute, and. permanent. — The Corolla is five-parted and fpreading ; the divifions are fome- what ovate, obtufe, and larger than the calyx. The Filaments are five, awl- fhaped and fpreading. The Anthere are fimple. The Germen is above and conical. The Stylenone. ‘The Stig- mas three, reflexed and obtufe. The Seed- ve (fel i is a berry, roundih, three-cell’d and umbilicated with the Stigmas. | The Seeds are folitary and fomewhat ovate. The Species are, Cassine Paragua. Ever-green Caffine ine, Yapon, of South-Sea Tea-tree. This grows naturally in Carolina and isis parts of Virginia, but chiefly near the fea; and rifes to the height of ten or twelve feet, fending out branches from the ground upward, garnifhed with Ever-green {pear-fhaped leaves, placed alternately: they are of a deep green colour, of a thick confiftence and a little notched on their edges. The flowers are pro- duced in clofe whorls, round the branches, at the footftalks of the leaves; they are white, and are fucceeded by red berries, ‘with thuee cells, each con- taining a fingle feed. CEANOTHUS. ( 27 ) - CEANOTHUS. ‘The NEW. JERSEY ‘TEA-TREE. Clafs 5. Order 1 . Pentandria Ned die! ‘THE Empalement is of one leaf, top-fhaped: the border is five-parted, acute, and incurved; and permanent. The Corolla is compofed of five petals, equal, roundifh, hook- facked, compreffed, very obtufe, fpreading, lefs than the calyx, with claws the length of the petal, rifing from the in- cifions of the calyx. — The Filaments are five, awl-ihaped, erett, oppofite to the pe- tals, and longer than the corolla. The Anthere are roundith, The Germen is three cornered. The Style is cylindrical, half three-cleft, and the length of the Stamina. The Stigma ob- tufe. The Seed-veffel is a berry, which is dry, i ve fruited, three- cell’d, obtufe, and fet with tubercles. The Seeds are folitary and ovate. The Species with us, but one, viz. CEANOTHUS americanus. American Ceanothus, or New-Ferfey Tea-tree. This is a low fhrub, growing common in moft parts of North ‘Ahebicd feldom rifing above four or five feet high, and fending out branches on every fide from the ground upward, which are garnifhed with oval, pointed leaves, having three longitudinal yeins, running from the foot-ftalk to the point, di- verging from each other in the middle; they are. placed oppofite, and are of a light green colour. ‘The flowers are produced at the extremity of the fhoots, mm a clofe kind of Thyrfus; they are of a white colour and when in bloom make a fine appear- ance, A decoction of the roots of this fhrub is elteemed a certain cure, not only in flight Gonor- rheea’s, ( 28 ) rhza’s, which it ftops in two or three days, without any bad confequences; but alfo in the moft invete- rate Venereal complaints. The leaves are dried and ufed by fome as a fubftitute for Bohea Tea, from which it acquired its name. CELASTRUS. | The STAFF-TREE. Clafs 5. Order 1. Pentandria Monogynia. TBE Empalement is of one leaf, half-five-cleft, plane, and very fmall: the divifions are obtufe and unequal. | The Corolla has five petals, ovate, fpreading, feffile, equal and reflexed at their margins. The Filaments are five, awl-fhaped and the length of the eared The Anthere are very {mall. The Germen is very {mall, immerfed in the receptacle, which & is large, plane, and marked with ten ftreaks. The Style is awl- fhaped and ihorter than the ftamina. The Stigma is obtufe, and three-cleft. ) . The Seed-vefJel is a Capfule, coloured, ovate, obtufely three- cornered, gibbous, three cell’d, and three valv’d. The Seeds are few, ovate, coloured, {mooth, and half covered ws an Arillus, four parted at the mouth, unequal er ca- oured. The Species but one, with us, viz. CeLastrus fcandens. American Climing Staff-tree. This grows naturally in many parts of North- America, rifing with a twining woody {tem to the height of ten or fifteen feet when fupported, fend- ‘ing out many flender flexible branches, cloathed with oblong pointed leaves, a little fawed on their edges. The flowers come out from the fides of the branches in loofe bunches; they are of an herbace- ous (29 ) ous colour, and are fucceeded by roundith three- cornered capiules, of a pale, or yellowith red co lour when ripe; which fpread open in three parts, difclofing their feeds after the manner of the Spin- dle Tree. The feeds are hard, oval and covered with a thin red pulp. It makes a very fine appear- ance when covered with ripe fruit. : ae T I 5. The NETTLE-TREE. | Clafs 23. Order 1. Polygamia Monoecia. *Y THE Fepaandiea flowers are folitary and fuperior. The Empalement is one-leafed, and five-parted; the divi- _ fions ovate, fpreading and witheene: The Corolla is wanting. RAs. The Filaments are five, very fhort, hid by the Anthere, but after the difcharge of the farina, longer. The Anthere are oblong, thickith, quadrangular, and four-furrowed. 7 The Gerimen is ovate, fharp-pointed, and the lensth of calyx. The Styles are two, {preading, varioufly inflexed, aw]-fhaped, very long, and downy on all’ rf des. ‘The Stigmas are © fimple. The Seed-veffel is a drupe, roundith and of one cell. The Seed is a nut, which is roundith. *The Male flowers are inthe fame plant, and infetib# The Empalement i is fix-parted, otherwife as the Hermaphrodite. The Corolla is wanting. _ The Filaments are as in the Hermaphyodite. The Species with us, but one, vig. . CELTIs occidentalis. American Yellow- Sruited Netile-tree. This grows naturally in many parts of Hotih. America. It delights ina rich, mou foil, in which it becomes a large tree, rifing with a ftraight ftem, the bark of which, in young trees, is fometimes {mooth ( 30 ) imooth and of a dark colour, but : as they advance becomes rougher and of a lighter colour. The branches are {fet thick on every fide, and garnifhed with oblique oval leaves, ending in points and faw- ed on their edges. ‘The flowers come out oppofite to the leaves, upon pretty long footftalks; they are {mall and make but little appearance, and are fuc- ceeded by round, hard berries, about the fize of a {mall pea, of a yellow colour and fweet tafte when ripe. The juice of the fruit is faid to be aftringent and to give eafe in violent Dytfenteries. Gy, BoAcivA Ne TBI: & The BUTTON-TREE. Clafs 4. Order 1. Tetrandria Monogynia. [HE Ciena Empalement is none, but a globofe receptacle, collecting many florets into a little head. The Proper Empalement is one leaved, faonel-form and angular ; the border four-cleft. The Univerfal Corolla is equal. The Proper of one petal, funnel- form and acute. The Filaments are four, inferted in the corolla, and thorter than the border. The Anthere are globofe.. rl The Germen is beneath. The Style longer than the corolla. The Stigma globofe. The Seedveffel none. The Seeds are folitary, long, leffened at the bafe, pyramidal hil wooly. The Com#on Receptacle is round and villofe. ~The Species but one, viz. CEPHALANTHUS occidentalis. Button- tree. This fhrub. grows pretty common by pest fides and ponds, rifing to the height of fix or eight feet; growing very crooked, and fending out feveral branches, Cet yd branches, which grow pects, _ The teaves are al. fo placed oppofite and often, upon young fhoots, by three’s; they are near three inches long and one and a quarter broad, having a ftrong vein running lon- - gitudinally through them, they are of a light green and their foot{talks change to a reddifh colour next the branches. The branches are terminated, with globular heads, compofed of many fmall flowers, of a whitifh colour. pS GE Revs. The JUDAS TREE. Clafs 10. Order r. Decandria Monogynia. [HE Empalement is of one leaf, very fhort, bell-fhaped, gib- bous beneath, and melliferous: the mouth is five toothed, erect and obtufe. . | The Corolla is ten petal’d, inferted iathe calyx, and counterfeit. ing a papilionaceous corolla. . ; The Wings, are two petals, bent back, and affixed by long claws. | 4 heey Sree lt The Standard, one petal, roundith, clawed, under and fhort- er than the wings. | Dae The Keel, two petals, joining in a heart-thaped figure, in- cluding the parts of fruétification and affixed by claws. The Nettarium, a gland, ftyle form, under the germen. — The Filaments are ten, diftinct, awl-ihaped, declined, of which four are longer; and covered. The Anthere are oblong, in- - cumbent, and arifing. | The Germenis linear-lanced and pedicel’d. The Style is of the length and fituation of the ftamina. The Stigma is obtule and arifing. © . . The Seed-yveffel is ailegumen or pod, which is oblong, acute, oblique pointed, and of one cell. | The Seedsare feveral, roundifh and joined to the fuperior fx: ture. The Species with us, but one, viz. CERCIS Km) Cercis canadenfis. Red-bud, or Fudas Tree. , This grows naturally in feveral parts of North-— America, rifing to the height of ten or fifteen feet, with a pretty {trong trunk covered with a darkifh coloured bark; dividing upwards into feveral irregu- lar branches, furnifhed with heart-fhaped leaves, fmooth upon their upper furface and edges, but’a little downy underneath, having pretty long foot- ftalks. The flowers come out upon the branches - upon all fides, many arifing from the fame point, with fhort footftalks; they are of a fine red colour and coming out before the leaves, make a beautiful appearance. There is faid to be a variety of this in Carolina, with fmall flowers. CHIONANTHU S. The SNOW-DROP, or FRINGE TREE. Clafs 2. Order 1. Diandria Monogynia. “THE Empalement is of one leaf, four-parted, erect, fharp- pointed and permanent. | The Corolla is one petal’d: and funnel-form.. The tube is very fhort, fpreading, and the length of the:caylx. The border with four divifions, which are linear, erect, acute, oblique, and very long: — uf) ci | The Filaments are two, very fhort, awl-fhaped and. inferted in the tube. The Anthere are heart-thaped, and erect. The Germen'is ovate. The Style fimple and’ the length of the calyx. The Stigma is obtufe and three-cleft. con The seed!veffel is a drupe, roundith or oval and of one cell. The Seed a ftriated nut. a BAe | Hash hg Obf. The number of ftamina is often three or forest 2 We have but.one Species in America, Viz. CHIONANTHUS aes CHIONANTHUS virginica. Virginian Snow-drop Tree. This fhrub grows naturally in feveral places in North America, in a moift foil; rifing to the height of fifteen or twenty feet, [preading into many branch- es, covered with a light coloured bark. ‘The leaves are large, oblong and entire, placed nearly oppofite. The flowers are produced towards the extremity of the fhoots of the former year, upon fhort, leaffy, common footftalks; at the bofom of the leaves of which, the proper footftalks come out, and are divid- ed for the moft part into three parts, but often more ; each fultaining one {mall flower, with four very long, narrow, white petals; which, when fully grown, make a beautiful appearance: thefe are fucceeded by oval berries, of a livid blackifh colour when ripe, each containing one hard, oblong, pointed feed. The bark of the root of this fhrub, bruifed and applied to frefh wounds, is accounted by the natives a {peci- hic, in healing them without fuppuration. CG ch habs A RAY a is OD AM hc a8 a Clafs 10. Order 1. Decandria Monogynia. | HE Empalement is of one leaf, five-parted; the leaves are ovate, concave, ere¢ét and permanent. The Corolla confifts of five petals, oblong, broader without, a little fpreading, and longer than the calyx. . The Filaments are ten, awl-thaped, and the length of the corol- la. The Anthere oblong-erett, gaping at the apex. The Germen is roundith. ‘The Style is thread-form, erect, per- manent, and increafing. The Stigma is three-cleft. The Seed-veffel is a capfule, roundith, covered with the calyx, three-cell’d and three-valv’d. The Seeds are many and angled. K, T here ( 34 ) Ti bere i is but one Species of this Genus, vieey C L ET HR A luisa, Aer leaved Bias, This fhrub grows common in Maryland, Virginia, and Carolina, in, moift ground and by rivulets; rif- ing to the height of fix or eight feet, dividing into many branches, clothed with wedge-fhape, oval, vein- ed leaves, fawed on their edges, refembling thofe of the Alder but longer; which are placed alternate- ly. The flowers are produced at the extremity of the branches, in long clofe bunches; they are of a white colour, and when in full bloom’ make a very fine appearance. 7 EoD Roidl, U.S. “The CORNEL, or DOGBERRY-TREE. a Clafs 4. Order 1. Tetrandria Monogynia. £ [HE Calyx confifts of an Inyolucrum of four leaves, many flowered: the leaves ovate, coloured, and deciduous; the oppofite interior fomewhat longer and narrower. An Empalement, very fmall, four-toothed, above and de- ciduous. The Coralla confifts of four petals, oblong, acute, plane, and fmaller than the Involucrum. The Filaments are four, awl-thaped, erect, and longer than the corolla. The Anthere are roundith andincumbent. _ The Germen is roundith and beneath. The Style filiform and the length of the corolla. The Stigma is obtufe. The Seed- veffel i is a drupe, or flone- fruit, roundifh and umbili- cated. The Seed, a nut, heart-thaped;: or Bilge: and two cell’d. Ob. The Involucrum is wanting in moft of our Species. The Species are, with us, - 1, CORNUS (sy a, Cornus alterna, Alternate branched, or Female Virginian Dogwood. This grows to the height of twelve or fifteen feet, dividing upwards into many branches, which are covered with bark of a ftriated or ftreaked appear- ance. The fmall branches are placed alternate, bending at each divifion. ‘The leaves are entire, oval, fharp-pointed, and much veined. The flowers are produced in clufters at the extremity of the branches, and are fucceeded by roundifh berries of a dark purple colour when ripe. The {mall branches being alternate, afford a diftinguifhing mark for this {pecies. 2. Cornus candidiflima. Swamp American | — Dogwood. : This fhrub grows to the height of fix or eight feet, moftly in moift or fwampy places; and is covered with a whitifh bark. The branches are placed oppo- fite, and alfo the leaves, which are lance-fhaped and pointed, and of a whitifh colour. The flowers are produced at the extremity of the branches, in clufters, and are fucceeded by whitith fucculent ber- ries. 3. CURNUS florida. Male Virginian Dog wood, This rifes with a ftrong ftem to the height of twelve or fifteen feet, dividing into many {preading branch- es, which are fometimes placed oppofite, but often by four’s, arifing from oppofite points and regularly difpofed. ‘The leaves are oval, pointed, veined and entire. The flowers are produced at the extremity of the {mall branches, in clufters; having a common involucrum { (36 4 involucrum of four large white leaves, which are generally end-bitten and a little coloured at their extremities, and one oppofite pair, rather longer and narrower than the other. The flowers within are fucceeded by oblong, red berries. This flowers in May and is defervedly ranked amongft the beautiful flowering fhrubs. The bark of this kind has been ufed with fome fuccefs as a fubftitute for the Peru- vian Bark. And to its top, regular difpofed fhoots, our fpinfters are often indebted for their diftaffs. _ 4. CorRNvs fanguinea, American Red-rod : Cornus. | | This grows in a moift foil, to the height of eight or ten feet, generally many {tems arifing from the fame root. The bark of the young fhoots is very {fmooth, and of a beautiful dark red colour. The branches are placed oppofite, and alfo the leaves, which much refemble the firft and third kinds above defcribed, The flowers are produced in clufters at the ends of the branches, of a whitifh colour; and are fucceeded by fucculent berries of a bluith colour when ripe. CORYLUS. The HAZEL, or NUT-TREE. Clafs 21, Order 8. Monoecia Polyandria. SYTHE Male flowers are difpofed in a long Katkin. The Calyx, a common Katkin, imbricated on all fides, and cylindrical; confifting of Scales, which are uniflorous, narrowed at the bdfe, at the apex broader, more ob- tufe, inflexed and three-cleft: the middle divifions of equal length, but twice the width of and covering the reft. The L 37 3 The Corolla is wanting. The Filaments are eight, very thert, joined to the interior fide of the calycine fcale. The Anthere are oblong-ovate, thort- er than the calyx, and erect. * The Female flowers are remote from the Male in the fame plant, fitting clofe and included in a bud. The Empalement is of two leaves, coriaceous, torn at the mar- gin, erect, and the length of the fruit; at the time of flore- {cence, fcarce manifeft for its fmallnefs. The Corolla none. The Germen is roundith and very {mall. The Styles two, brift- ly, coloured, and much longer than the calyx. The Stigmas are fimple. The Seed-vefJel none. The Seed, a nut fomewhat ovate, thaved at the bafe, fomewhat compreffed and pointed at the apex. The Species with us are, 1. CoRYLUS americana. American Hazelnut. This grows very common in a rich, loofe, moift foil; fpreading far by its roots, and rifing at firft with a fimple, erect ftem; which, as it grows old, is di- vided into a few irregular branches, cloathed with oval, pointed leaves, fawed on their edges. The Male katkins are produced at the ends of the branch- es, and the Female parts a little beneath them, often many together, at other times fingly; and are fuc- ceeded by feed-veffels, roundifh at the bafe, but lengthened out into a leaffy, fringed expanfion, part- ed at the extremity; each containing one nut. 2. CoRYLUuUs cornuta. Dwarf Filbert, or Cuckold-nut. This kind much refembles the other, except in fize, feldom growing above three or four feet high; and alto in having its nuts fingle upon the branches, and k 98) and their hutks or feed-veffels fmaller and lengthened out into a. pein or Tore, and lately i ai its nuts. © Se, CR Aad. E C5 ADS The WILD SERVICE-TREE. Clafs 12. Order 2. Icofandria Digynia. HE Empalement is one leaved, concave-fpreading, five-tooth- ed and permanent. The Corolla is of five petals, roundttl, concave, fitting clofe and inferted in the calyx. The Filaments are twenty, awl-thaped, and inferted in the calyx. The Anthere are roundifh. The Germen is beneath. The Styles are two, thread-form, and erect. The Stigmas are headed, The Seed-ve/Jel is a berry, flefhy, roundith, and umbilicated. The Seeds are two, longith, diftiné and cartilaginous. Botanical writers enumerate feveral Species of this Genus, native of thefe ftates; but I believe, upon more {trict examination, they will chiefly be found to belong, with more Propriety. to the Mefpilus. See Mefpilus. CUPRESSUS. The; OAR Reb SS, TR Bed Clafs 21. Order 9g. Monoecia Monodelphia. * "WHE Male flowers are colleéted in an ovate Katkin. The Calyx, a common ovate Katkin, compounded with fparfed flowers, confifting of Scales which are uniflorous, | roundith, fharp- pointed on the fore part, targetted, op- pofite and in number about twenty. The Corolla none. The Filaments are wanting; but four Anthere are ea in shel ftead, to each fcale of the katkin. * The Female flowers are colletied in a roundith cone, on the fame plant. | ‘i he ( 66 ) wm, at The Corolla none. | SUA di eh a, The Germen is fcarce obfervable. In the place, pobre, of Styles, there are numerous dots within each calycine fcale, which are truncated, and concave at the apex. The Seed-vefJel, none but the globofe cone, which is fhut, but ’ gaping with orbiculate, angled, and targetted {cales. The Seed is anut, whichis angled, tharp-pointed, and {iall. The Species with us, are, >< obpi.) 1, Cupressus difticha. Virgznian’ dectduous CHALE SANE Bry sem ite Bo calend or This grows, naturally in fwampy, low ground; and becomes a lofty tree, of feventy or eighty feet’in height, and three or four feet in diameter; dividing, towards the top, into many branches, clothed with {mall linear leaves, coming out upon all fides, yet inclining to but two fides: of the fmall-branches; and falling off inthe autumn.’ The cones, of this kind, are roundifh and near an inch in diameter. ‘The timber is valuable for many ufes, affording great quantities of boards, thingles, &e. 94550 2, Cupressus Thyoides. Maryland Blue-ber- ried Cyprefs. | | This, by fome means, has obtained the name of a dwarf, yet it becomes a large tree, nearly equal in height and diameter to the former. ‘The branches are covered with {mall ever-green leaves, much re- fembling thofe of the Arbor Vite. The cones are about the fize of Juniper-berries, a little angular and having many cells. ‘The timber of this is fofter than the other kind and applied to more general ufe, | being ( 4° ) being durable and not liable to be eaten by worms; it affords excellent planks, &c. for fhip building ; alfo pofts, rails, boards, fhingles, &c. &c. and to it our dairy women are indebted for tubs, pails, churns, &c. | DIOSPYROS. The DATE PLUM, or PERSIMMON TREE. Clafs 23. Order 2. Polygamia Dioecia. i ire Hermaphrodite female. The Empalement is compofed of one leaf, four- cleft, large, obtufe and permanent. The Corolla, of one petal, pitcher-fhape, larger, and dur: cleft; the divifions acute and fpreading. The Filaments are eight, briftly, dhort and lightly inferted in the receptacle. The Anthere are oblong and effete. The Germen is roundith. The Style one, half four-cleft, per- manent and longer than the ftamina, The Stigmas are obtufe and two-cleft. aan The Seed- ve(Jel is aberry, which is globous, large, eight-cell’d, and fitting on the large fpreading calyx. The'Seeds are folitary, roundifh, compreffed, and very hard, * The Male in diftiné plants. The Empalement confifts of one leaf, four-cleft, acute, ee and fmall. The Corolla of one petal, pitcher-fhape, coriaceous, four-cor- nered and four cleft: thedivifions are roundith and revolute. The Filaments are eight, very fhort and inferted in the recepta- *cle. The Anthere are double, long, and acute; the interior thortett. The Piftillum, is the rudiment of a germen. The api with Us, but one, viz. DrospyRos virginiana. Vipetnion Perf mmon : Tree. This grows naturally in moift clayey ed in Pennfylyania and Maryland, as well as Virginia; rif- ing ( 41 ) ing to the height of twenty feet or more, fending out many fhortifh branches, garnifhed with entire, oblong, pointed leaves; the flowers are produced upon the fmall branches, making but little appear- ance, and are fucceeded by large, globular or oblong fruit, which when fully ripe has a fweet agreeable tafte. A full grown tree will often yield two buthels or more of fruit, which upon diftillation will afford as many gallons of Spirits, allowed to be equal in tafte and flavour to Weft India Rum. Our country- _ men have not enough attended to this, but in fome places they brew of them a very good Beer. There appears to be varieties of this, fome with early ripe large fruit, others with fmaller and late ripe. DIRCA., LEATHER WOOD. Clafs 8. Order 1. Octandria Monogynia. TH E Empalement is wanting. The Corolla is one petal’d and clubb’d. The tube is more bellied above. The border none, the margin unequal. The Filaments are eight, capillary, inferted in the middle of the tube, and longer than the corolla. The Anthere are rouadith and erett. t The Germen is ovate, with an oblique top. The Style is thread- form, longer than the flamina and curved at the top. The Stigma is fimple. . The Seed-veffel is a berry of one cell. ‘The Seed is one. There is but one Species of this Genus, viz. Dirca paluftris. Virginian Mar/b Leather- wood, | This is a low fhrub, growing in moift thady places, feldom rifing more than three or four feet high, iy Jpreading ( 42 ) fpreading into a head, with many fmall and very flexible branches, covered with alight coloured bark, and cloathed with oval fmooth leaves, of a pale green colour. ‘The flowers are produced at the extreme ends of the former year’s fhoots; they are of an herbaceous colour and make but little appearance, but are fucceeded by oval berries, changing fome- what yellowifh when ripe. | | wh kP: Ek’ A, TRAD ENG AR BU TUS: Clafs 10, Order 1, Decandria Monogynia. ‘TRE Empalement is double, approximated, and permanent. The exterior confifts of three leaves, which are ovate-lanc- ed, and fharp pointed; the exterior largeft. The interior is five-parted and ere¢t; a little longer than the exterior: the leaf-lets are lanced and tharp pointed. The Corolla is compofed of one pitcher-form petal. The tube is cylindrical, rather longer than the calyx, and hairy within. The border is fpreading and five-parted, with ovate-oblong lobes. | The Filaments are ten, thread-form, the length of the tube and affixed to the bafe of the corolla. The Anthere are oblong _ and acute. | The Germen is globofe and villous.. The Style is thread-form, and the length of the ftamina. The Stigma is obtufe and fomewhat five-cleft. ) The Seed-vefjei is a capfule, fomewhat roundish, depreffed, five fided, five cell’d, and five valv’d. ‘The Seeds are many and roundith. The receptable large and five-parted. . There is but one Species of this Genus, viz. Epic#a repens. Trashing Arbutus. This grows naturally upon northern hills, or moun- tains, with trailing fhrubby ftalks, putting out root at : ( 43) at their joints. The leaves are oblong, rough and waved on their edges. ‘The flowers are produced at. the ends of the branches, in loofe panicles, and are of a white colour, mixed with red, dividing at the top into five parts, and fpreading open in form of a ftar. EUONYMUS. PiesS BN YL oh ew ee é Clafs 5. Order 1. Pentandria Monogynia. HE Empalement is compofed of one leaf, five-parted, and plane: the divifions are roundith and concave. The Corolla confifts of five petals, ovate, plane, fpreading and longer than the calyx. . The Filaments are five, awl-fhaped, erect, fhorter than the co- rolla, and placed on the germen as a receptacle. The Ar- there are twin. | The Germen is fharp pointed. The Style is fhort and fimple. The Stigmais obtufe. | The Seed-veffel is a capfule, fucculent, coloured, pentagonal, with five angles, five cells and five valves. The Seeds are folitary, ovate and covered with a berry’d Aril- lus. Obj. In fome fpecies one fifth part of the fructification is taken away. The Species with us, are, 1, EuoNyMus carolinenfis. Carolimian Spindle ) TYE. This fhrub grows to the height of cight or ten feet, dividing into many oppofite branches, the young fhoots are fomewhat quadrangular and mark- ed longitudinally, with green ftripes. The leaves are placed oppofite, and are oval, fharp pointed, and finely and flightly fawed on their edges, of a deep greek. (ay ae green colour. The footftalks of the flowers come out from the bofom of the leaves of the young fhoots, and are generally divided into three parts to- wards their extremities, the middle divifion fuftain. ing one, and the two fide ones, each three flowers ; having four deep purple coloured petals, expanding in form of a crofs, and four ftamina; thefe are fuc- ceeded by angular furrowed feed veffels, of a beau- tiful pale red colour when ripe, making a fine ap- pearance after the leaves are fallen off. 2. Evonymus latifolius. Broad-leaved Spin- dle Tree. This fhrub very much refembles the former, ex- cept the leaves being broader and longer, and of a paler green colour, turning reddifh before they fall off. ‘The feed-veffels are rather larger and rounder at the corners or angles, and of fomewhat paler co- four, as are alfo the flowers, 3. EuonyMus fempervirens, ver-green Spindle Tree. This is of fmaller growth than either of the for- mer, feldom rifing above fix or feven feet, and di- viding into many oppofite branches, towards the top, which are of a greener colour, and more angular than the other kinds, and garnifhed with narrower ~ deaves, of a clofer texture. The flowers are produc- ed in manner of the former, except each footftalk fuftaining generally but three flowers, having five pe- tals, which are of a paler colour, and rounder than either of the former; and are fucceeded by roundith capfules clofely fet with fmall protuberances, turning of a fine red colour when ripe, and opening ae our Ce ) four or five parts, difclofing its feeds hanging by fine white threads. This makes a very beautiful appear- ance in autumn when its fruit are ripe; and from their red appearance obtained the name of the Burn- ing Bufh. The young plants retain their leaves all winter. All the fpecies grow naturally in moitt, fhaded places. FA, GU GB, Phe: BB, BO: Thy.; Fy RK Bye Clafs 21. Order 8. -Monoecia Polyandria. * Rat Male flowers are affixed to an Amentaceous receptacle. The Calyx is an Empalement of one leaf, bell-fhaped, and five-cleft. The Corolla none. The Filaments are many (about twelve) the length of the calyx, and briftly. The Anthere are oblong. | * The Female flowers are contained in buds upon the fame plant. The Calyx, an Empalement of one leaf, four-toothed, ereét and acute. : The Corolla none. The Germen is covered by the calyx. The Styles are three, awl. fhaped. ‘The Stigmas are fimple and reflexed. The Seed-vefJel is a capfule (formerly the calyx) which is round- ifh, large, fet round with foft fpines; with one cell and four valves. | The Seeds are two nuts, which are ovate, triangular, three valved and fharp-pointed. : Ob/. ‘The Male flowers of the Beech are difpofed in a globular form; thofe of the Chefnut in a cylindrical. We have but one Species of this Genus, befides the Chefnut and Chinquepin, which are fomewhat im- properly yoined wilh it, Viz. FaGus (46) Facus Sylvatica atro-punicea. © American Beech Tree. | _ This grows naturally in low, bettom:grounds, by river fides, rifing fometimes to the height of forty or fifty feet, and to fifteen or eighteen inches in di- ameter, generally fending out many long branches, garnifhed with very thin, oval, {pear-fhaped leaves, fawed on their edges, and remaining late upon the | branches. The nuts are eaten by {wine. ‘The wood is hard and clofe grained, and ufed for making lafts, joiner’s tools, &c. | : FAGUS-CASTANEA. ; The CHESNUT. TREE. TF. HLE Characters are nearly the fame of the Beech, except the Male flowers being difpofed in cylindrical katkins. The Styles more in number and briftly. The Cap/ules much larger, round, and fet very thick with long prickly Spines; con- taining from one to four or five, but generally two or three nuts, filled with fweet kernel. ; The Species of Chefaut, with us, are, 1, Facus-CasTANEA dentata, American Chefnut Tree. ‘This often becomes a large tree, growing to the height of fixty or cighty feet, and to four or five feet in diameter, fending out but few branches, gar- nifhed with long fpear-fhaped leaves, toothed or notched on‘their edges. ‘The timber is ufed much for rails, fplitting free and out-lafting moft of our Oaks. The kernel of the nuts are dried and uled by fome as a fubftitute for Coffee. The wood . alfo urnt | om} burnt into coals for the ule of blackfmiths, &c. but not much efteemed for common fuel. &s Pe Bonk ANEA pumila. Dwarf Chef- nut Tree, or Chinquepin. This feldom rifes above eight, ten, or twelve feet, ~ otherwife much refembling the. Chefnut. in the ap- pearance of its branches and leaves. _ Its fruit cap- fules are {mall, and generally contain but one conical fhaped nut. It grows naturally in a light gravelly foil. | Ae ) BO Eh Rete Dee A. FOTHERGILLA Clafs 13. Order 2, Polyandria Digynia. THE Empalement is of one leaf, hairy, and five- toothed at the margin. , The Corolla is wanting. The Filaments from fixteen to eighteen, inferted in the calyx, long, incurved and leffened towards the bafe. The Anthere are minute. | The Germen is oblong and villofe, ending in two acute Styles. The Seed-vefJel is a capfule, oblong, of two cells and covered by the calyx. 7 The Seeds are fingle and oblong. The Species with us, For THERGILLA Gardeni. Carolinian Fother- : gilla, | This fmall, but beautiful flowering fhrub grows naturaliy in Carolina, on the borders of favannahs, or near ponds of water; fpreading much by its roots. The italks are fender, rifing to the height of two or CB) | or three feet, generally feveral from one root, with fmall, alternate, divaricated branches. The leaves are oval, fomewhat toothed towards the apex, and placed alternate. The flowers are produced in {pikes terminating the ftalks; they are feflile, and each _furnifhed with a bractea or floral leaf, which is ovate, rough externally, longer than the empalement and fitting clofe at their bafe; they are produced early in the {pring and being thick fet, make a beautiful appearance with their long, fnowy white ftamina. The fruit or feed-veffel very much refembles that of the Hamamalis or Witch Hazel, but is much fmall- er, : This, in fome late Catalogues, has been called Youngfonia, in honour of William Young, Botanift, of Pennfylvania; but by Dr. Linnzeus, Fothergilla in honour of the late Dr. Fothergill of London. It was firft fent to Europe, from Carolina, by John Bartram, to his friend P. Collinfon, by the title of ‘Gardenia. : | FRANK LAN SI A. FRANKLINIA Clafs 16. Order 5. Monadelphia Polyandria. t roundith. 4 | The Corolla confifts of five petals, large, fpreading, roundifh, narrowed towards the claw, and joined at the bafe. A The Filaments aré numerous, awl-thaped, joined beneath in a cylinder, and inferted in the corolla. The Anthere are twin. et iF ili Emmpalement is of one leaf, five-cleft; the divifions The Germen is roundith, lightly furrowed. The Style cylindri- — cal and longer than the flamina. The Stigma obtufe and rayed. : ; The ‘Seed-ve(fel, -aroundith nut with five cells. The Seeds are wedge-form, and feveral in each cell. The e i We: : FRANKLINIA alatamaha. Franklinia. -(Bartram’s Catalogue.) This beautiful flowering, tree-like fhrub, rifles with an erect trunk to the height of about twenty _ feet; dividing into branches, alternately difpofed. _ The leaves are oblong, narrowed towards the bafe, fawed on their edges, placed alternately, and fitting clofe to the branches) The flowers are produced - towards the extremity of the branches, fitting clofe at the bofom of the leaves; they are often five inches. in diameter when fully expanded; compofed of five large, roundifh, fpreading petals, ornamented in the center with atuft or crown of gold coloured ftamina; and poffeffed with the fragrance of a China Orange. This newly difcovered, rare, and elegant flowering fhrub, was firft obferved by John Bartram when on botanical refearches, on the Alatamaha river in Georgia, Anno 1760; but was not brought into Pennfylvania till about fifteen years after, when his — fon William Bartram, employed in the like purfuits, _ revifited the place where it had been before obferved, _ and had the pleafing profpect of beholding it in its native foil, poffeffled with all its floral charms; and bearing ripe feeds at the fame time; fome of which he collected and brought home, and raifed feveral plants therefrom, which in four years time flowered, and in one year after perfected ripe feeds. | It feems nearly allied to the Gordonia, to which it has, in fome late Catalogues, been joined: but William Bartram, who firft introduced it, believing it to be a new Genus, has chofen to honour it with the name of that patron of fciences, and truly great and G (ee and diftinguithed character, Pealtenjemia F Frankia The trivial name is added from the river, where alone it has been obferved to grow naturally. It delights in a tpotes fandy and moitt foil. F.RA RR UN-O SS The ASH- TREE. Clafs 23. Order 2. Polygamia Dioecia. | ‘TBE Flowers are Hermaphrodite and Female on different trees. ~*~ *The Hermaphrodite: The Calyx none; or an Empalement of one leaf, four- parted, erect, acute, and fmall. The Corolla none; or of four petals, incle, long, acute, and. erect. The Filaments aretwo, erect and fhorter than the corolla. The Anthere are ereét, oblong, and four furrowed. The Germen is ovate and compreffed. The Style cylindrical and erect. The Stigma thickith and two cleft. The Seed-vefJel none befides the cruft of the feed. The Seed is lanced, compreffed-membranaceous and of one cell. * The Female are the fame in every part except wanting the ftamina. The Species are, 1, FRAXINUS americana. Carolinian or Red : Af. This grows to the height of twenty or thirty feet, dividing into feveral branches, the {mall ones of which are generally oppofite; the leaves are com- -pofed of three or four pair of lobes, terminated by an odd one, which are egg-fhaped and pointed, their upper furface of a light green colour, their under covered with fhort white downy hairs. The feeds are broad and of a light colour. 2. FRAXINUS ’ (a) “9, Fraxinus alba, American White Afh. This tree grows fometimes to the height of forty or fifty feet, and to eighteen inches or more in di- ameter. It grows much after the manner of the former, only the leaves are broader, and the feeds narrower. ‘The timber of this is ufed much by Wheelwrights, Chaife-makers, &c. for making fhafts, rimming of wheels, &c. 3. FRAxiNus Nigra. Black A/h. This kind grows in moift places, rifing to the height of thirty feet or more, covered witha rough, lightifh coloured bark, and fending out but few branches. The leaves are chiefly produced at the ends of the branches, and are generally compofed of four pair of lobes, and an odd one, which are fhaped like thofe of the other kinds, but are fmall- er and finely fawed on their edges. The feeds or keys are broad and flat, and of equal width their whole length. : 4. Fraxinus pennfylvanica, Pennfylvanian Sharp- keyed Afb. This kind often grows to the height of thirty feet or more, and is generally thick fet with branches ‘ towards the top, having leaves much refembling the White Afh. The feeds grow in large panicles, thick fet upon the fides of the branches, near their extre- mities: they are longer and narrower than any of the other kinds, almoft terminating in a point at their bafe. This alfo affords a valuable wood, which is ufed for the fame purpofes as that of the White Afh. | : The (Ege The infide bark and keys of, Ath, are accounted zood to: promote urine. GAULTHERIA. GAULTHERIA, or MOUNTAIN TEA. Cla ro. Order :. Decandria Monogynia: @ diye E Empalement is double, approximate and permanent. The exterior two leaved and thorter: the leaves femi- ovate, concave and obtufe. The interior one leaved, five-cleft and bell-fhaped; the _ fegments femi-ovate. The Corolla is monopetalous, ovate and half five cteft: the border fmall and revolute. A Ne&arium of ten corpufcules, which are awl-fhaped, ereé, very fhort, and furrounding the germen within the ftamina. The Filaments are ten, awl-ihaped, incurved, fhorter than the corolla, and inferted in the receptacle. The Anthere are two horned: the horns bifid. The Germen is roundith and depreffed. The Style cylindrical and the length of the corolla. The Stigma is obtufe. The Seed-veffel is a capfule, roundith, ORE five-fided, depref- ed, five cell’d, and five valv’d; covered on all fides by the interior empalement, and becoming a roundith coloured ber- ry, pérvious at the apex. The Seeds are many, fomewhat ovate, angled and bane: There is but one Species of this Genus, viz. GAULTHERIA procumbens. Canadian Gaul- theria, or Mountaim Tea. This is a very fmall fhrubby plant, with flender ftems, feldom rifing above five or fix inches in height; having, at their tops, four or five oval ever-green leaves, which are marked with a few {mall points or oleate upon their edges. ‘The flowers come out from the bofom of the leaves, of a white colour, and (33 ) and are fucceeded by fmall berries of a red colour when ripe. The leaves have been ufed as a fubftt- tute for Bohea Tea, whence the name of Mountain ‘Fea. GLEDITSIA. TRIPLE: THORNED ACACIA, or HONEY LOCUST. Clafs 23, Order 2. Polygamia dnsie. THE Flowers are Male and Hermaphrodite upon: the fame plant, and Female upon a different plant. * The Male are in a long, compact, cylindrical katkin. The Calyx; a proper empalement of four leaves; the leaves fpreading, finall and acute. | The Corolla confifts of three petals, roundifh, feffile, fpreading, and cup form. A Nettarium, top-thaped, to whofe borders the remaining parts of fructification grow. The Filaments are fix, thread-form, and the length of the co- rolla. The Anthere are incumbent, oblong, compreffed and twin. ) * The Hermaplrodite are in the fame katkin with the male flow- ers, and for the moft part terminal. The Calyx, an empalement, four leaved, as in the male. The Corolla, four petals, as in the male. The Neéttarium as in the male. The Stamina as in the male. — The Piftillum, Seed-veffel, and Seeds as in the fenvale. * The Female Flowers are in a loofe katkin, in a different plant. The Calyx; aproper empalement, as in the male, but five leaved. The Corolla, five petals, which are long, acute, and fomewhat fpreading. Vhe Neéaria are two, very fhort, like the filaments. ‘The Germen is broad, compreffed, andlonger than the corolla. The Style is fhort andreflexed. ‘The Stigma is thick and the length of the flyle, to which it is adjoined, growing hairy above. The Seed-vefJel is a legumen or pod, very large, broad, and much compreffed, with ma any tranfverfe partitions: with ifthmufes filled with pulp. The Seeds are folitary, roundith, hard and fhining, : The ( 54). The Species with, us are, ( ¥,GLepiTsia {pinofa. Triple-thorned Acacia, or Honey Locuft. | | _. This tree grows naturally in a rich foil, rifing to the height of thirty or forty feet, dividing into ma- ny branches, which, together with the trunk, are armed with long pithy {pines of five or fix inches in length, fending off laternal ones, fome of which are nearly the fame length, and generally triple thorn- ed. The branches are garnifhed with winged leaves, compofed of ten, or more pair of {mall lobes, fitting clofe to the midrib, of a lucid green colour. The flowers come out from the fides of the young branches in form of katkins, of an herbaceous co- lour, and are fucceeded by crooked, comprefled pods, from nine or ten to fixteen or eighteen inches mm length, and about an inch and a half or two inch- es in breadth, of which near one half is filled with a fweet pulp, the other containing many feeds in feparate cells. The pods, from the fweetnefs of their pulp, are ufed to brew in beer. 2. GLEDITSIA aquatica. Water Acacia. This fort grows naturally in Carolina, and hath much the appearance of the firft, but hath fewer fpines, which are very fhort. The leaves are alfo fmaller and the pods oval, containing but one feed. Go LY Gal NB. PERENNIAL KIDNEY BEAN. Clafs 17. Order 3. Diadelphia Decandria. HE Empalement is of one leaf, compreffed and two lipped: the upper lip emarginate and obtufe: the lower, longer, acute, and three-cleft; the middle divifion longeft. : The ( C755) The Corolla papilionaceous, or butterfly fhaped. — The Standard inverfe heart-fhaped, the fides deflexed, the back gibbous, the apex emarginate, ftraight and bent from the keel. ty The Wings oblong, ovate towards the top, fmall and bent downwards. | The Keel linear, hooked, broader and obtufe towards the point, and bent upwards, preffing againft the ftandard. The Filaments are diadelphous, or one fingle, and nine conjoin- ed; alittle dividing at the top, and revolute. The Anthere are fimple. - The Germen is oblong. The Style cylindrical, bending back in afpire. The Stigma obtufe. 3 The Seed-yveffel an oblong legumen or pod. The Seeds kidney form. nt Obf. Glycine frutefcens has legumens or pods of two cells. The forubby Species with us, is one, viz. Guycine frutefcens. Carolinian Shrubby Kidney Bean. ; This grows naturally in Carolina, rifing with twining fhrubby ftems, when fupported, to the height of ten or fifteen feet. The leaves are wing- ed, and compofed of about five pair of fmall, oval, pointed pinnz or lobes, fmooth and of a pale green on their upper furface, but lighter underneath, hav- ing their edges a little reflexed and hairy. The flowers terminate the branches in a clofe, erect ra- cemus or bunch; they are of a purplifh blue co- Jour, and are fucceeded by long cylindrical pods two cells, fhaped like thofe of the fcarlet Kidney ean. GUILANDINA. “Wey GUILANDINA The BONDUG, or NICKAR TREE. Clafs 10, Order : Decandria Monogynia. pat Empalement is one leaved, bell-fhape: the border five parted, equal, and fpreading. The Corolla confifts of five petals, lanced, concave, fquat, equal, fomewhat larger than the calyx and inferted in its chaps. The Filaments are ten, awl-ihaped, ereét, inferted in, and fhort- er than the calyx: the alternate lefs. The Anthere are ob- tufe and incumbent. The Germen is oblong. The Style is thread-form and the length of the ftamina. The Stigma is fimple. The Seed-vefJel is a legumen or pod, which is rhomboid, con- — vex on the upper future, bellied-compreffed, of one cell, diftint, with tranfverfe partitions. The Seeds are bony, globofe-compreffed, and folitary between the partitions. Obf. A fpecies of this genus is dioecious. The Species with us, GUILANDINA dioica. Canadian dioiceous Bonduc, or Nickar Tree. This tree is faid to rife, with an erect ftem, to the height of thirty feet or more, dividing into many branches, covered with a bluifh afh-coloured, fmooth bark, garnifhed with large winged leaves, the lobes of which are ranged alternately, and are oval fhap- ed, very fmooth and entiré. I have lately received feveral feeds from Kentucky, fuppofed to be of this tree, where it is faid to grow plenty, and is called the Coffee or Mahogany tree. HALESIA. ‘See Ww Pes dnt he > ih C7) H Ae SL AS HALESIA, or even dure TREE. ClafS 10. Order 1. Decandria Monogynia. ‘THE Empalement is one leaved, very fmail, above, four- toothed, and permanent. The Corolla is of one petal, bell’d and bellied: with the mouth four-lobed, obtufe and fpreading. The Filaments are twelve (rarely fixteen) awl-fhaped, erect and fomewhat fhorter than the corolla. The Anthere are oblong, obtufe and erect. The Germen is oblong and beneath. The Style is thread-form and longer than the corolla. The Stigma is fimple. The Seed-vefJel is a nut which is barked, oblong, narrow to- wards each end, four cornered with membranaceous angles, and two cell’d. | The Seeds are folitary. The Species are, 1. HALESIA diptera. T'wo-winged fruited Halefia. This grows naturally in Carolina, to the height of twelve or fifteen feet. The bark is beautifully variegated or ftreaked, much like the ftriped Maple. The leaves are large and egg-fhaped, having {mooth footftalks. The fruit is fharp-pointed, having two oppofite, large wings, and two very imall. 2. HaLesia tetraptera. Four-winged fruited Halefia. This likewife grows in Carolina, and has much the appearance of the former, except the leaves are much fmaller, a little fawed on their edges and | : downy kl] ( ags:'9) downy underneath, with glandular footftalks. The - flowers are produced upon the {mall branches, fome- times fingly, but often three or four together, upon pretty long footftalks; they are bell-fhaped and pen- dulous, of a white colour, and are fucceeded by fharp-pointed fruit, having four wings. — , HAMAMELIS. WATCH HAZEL. Clafs 4. Order 2. Tetrandria Digynia. THE Calyx confifts of an Involucrum, three-leaved, and three flowered: the two interior leaves are roundith, lefs, and obtufe; the third outer one is larger and lance-thaped. A double Empalement: the exterior two leaved, lefs and — roundith; the interior four leaved and erett; the leaves oblong, obtufe, and equal. The Corolla has four petals, which are linear, equal, very long, obtufe, and reflexed. | And a Neétarium, of four leaf-lets, truncated, and adjoined to the corolla. bak & The Filaments are four, linear, and fhorter than the calyx. The Anthere two horned and reflexed. The Germen is ovate and villofe, ending in two Styles, the length of the Stamina. The Stigmas are headed. The Seed-vejJel none. The Seed, a nut which is ovate, half covered with the calyx, obtufe and furrowed on each fide at the apex with fmall ho- rizontal two horned horns; with two cells and two valves. We have but one Species of this Genus, viz. HAMAMELTS virginiana. Virginian Witch Hazel, This fhrub grows naturally in many parts of North America. It hath fpreading roots, generally fend- ing up feveral ftalks or items to the height of eight . or ( oJ or ten feet, dividing into feveral branches, furnifhed with oval leaves irregularly notched on their edges, and fmooth on: their upper fides, but downy under- neath. The footftalks of the flowers come out fing- ly. upon the fmall branches, each: generally. fupport- ing three flowers, of an herbaceous colour, and > making but little appearance, but remarkable for being in bloom late | in the fall after the ance drop off. : | EoD E. RrAn Eee Yak aoa oh | Clafs 5. Order.1. Pentandria Monogynia. bien Calyx confi fts of an Involucrum of.a fimple umbels, very fmall and.many toothed. © And an Empalement, very {mall,. five toothed. and. furrounding the germen. The Corollaihas five petals, oblong and-{preading, with, incurved tops. | The Filaments are five, awl-fhaped, ereét and the lanes: of the corolla. The Anthere are bifid atthe bafe, and incumbent. The.Germen is top thaped, furrounded.by the receptacle. . The Style is fimple and very fhort. The Stigma is fimple. The Seed-vefJel is a globofe berry. of one. cell. The Seeds are five, large, on one fide gibbous, on the other neled. We have but one Species Native of Ph v1Z. HEDERA Se aeiian American Ivy, or Virginian Creeper. This hath a climing ftem, attaching itfelf to any neighbouring fupport, and rifing often to the height of thirty, forty or fifty feet, fending off branches, furnifhed with leaves compofed of five lobes joined ee at Oe : at their bafe, which are egg-fhaped and fawed on their edges, having a pretty long common footftalk. This has been ufed to plant againft walls and houfes. _ to cover them, but the leaves falling off in winter, ak Perms make but a poor as Meine at that t time. Di | I P P OPH A oe te? SEA BUCK. THORN, or SALLOW. THORN. ’ Clafs 22. Order 4. Dioecia 'Tetrandria. THE flowers are Male and Female on different plants. * The Male. The Empalement is one leaved, biparted, bivalve, entire at the _ bottom: the divifions are roundith, obtufe, concave and erect, meeting with their tops, but gaping at their fides. The Corolla is wanting. | The Filaments are four, very fhort. The Arithere are spr angled, and almoft the length of the calyx. * The Female. The Empalement is one leaved, oblong-ovate, tubulous, club- bed, with a two cleft mouth, and deciduous. el The Corollanone. The Germen is roundith, sind fmall. The Style is fimple and very thort. The Stigma thickifh, oblong, erect, and dowble the length of the calyx. The Seed-veffel is a globofe Pe of one cell. The Seed one, roundish. There is but one Species, with us, viz. HIpPpoPpuHAE canadienfis. Canadian Sea-Buck- Thorn. This rifes with fhrubby ftalks to the height of eight or ten feet, fending out many irregular branches, having a brown bark, filvered over, and garnifhed with very narrow fpear-fhaped leaves, of a dark green on their upper fide, but hoary underneath, and reflexed ( 61 ) reflexed on their edges like the Rofemary. The flowers come out from the fides of the young branch- es, fitting very clofe; the male growing in {mall clufters, but the female coming out fingly; thefe open in July and make but little appearance; they are fucceeded by roundifh berries, which ripen in autumn, and are faid to be purgative. BYD RANG EA: Aa ol eget et Clafs 10. Order 2, Decandria Digynia. "fe Fe Papalement is one leaved, ,five toothed, permanent, ~ and .fmall. | al tela ng The Corolla confifts of five petals, equal, roundith, and larger than the calyx. pi NSP Re ah The Filaments are ten, longer than the corolla, the alternate of which are longer. The Anthere are roundith and twin. The Germen is roundith and beneath. The Styles are two, thort, and diftant. ‘The Stigmas are obtufe and permanent. The Seed-ve(Jel is a capfule, roundith, twin, two beaked with the double ftyle, angled with many nerves, crowned with the calyx, two cell’d, with a tran{verfe partition, and gaping with a paffage between the horns. The Seeds are numerous, angled, tharp pointed, and very fmall. There is but one Species of this Genus, viz. HypRANGEA frutefcens... Virginian Shrubby f Fydrangea. This hath a fpreading woody root, from which are produced, generally feveral foft, pithy, ligneous ftalks, rifing to the height of, about three feet, gar- nifhed at each joint with two oblong, heart-fhaped, pointed leaves, fawed on their edges, and having many veins. The flowers are produced in form of a CO- () ‘62; 2,corymbus, at the tops of the ftalks, they are of a white colour, and are fucceeded by {mall capfules. | HYPERICUM, "St. JOHN’s WORT. Clafs 18. Order 3. Polyadelphia Polyandria. THE Empalement is five parted: the divifions are fomewhat ovate, convex, and permanent. « The Corolla has five petals, oblong-ovate, obtufe, fpreading, and marked according to the motion of the fun. The Filaments are numerous, capillary, joined at the bafe into five or three parts or bodies. The Anthere arefmall. © The Germen isroundith. The Styles are three (fometimes one, two, and five) fimple, diftant, and the length of the ftamina. The Stigmas are fimple. ° gue, : : The Seed-vefJel. is a roundifh capfule; with cells according to the number of ‘the Styles. ait 2 The Seeds are many and oblong. | The Species growing fbrubby, with us, Hypericum kalmianum. Virginian Shrubby sa flypericum. This grows naturally in low wet places, rifing with fhrubby ftalks to the height of three or four feet, with oppofite angular branches. The leaves are fmooth and fhaped like thofe of Rofemary or Lavender. The flowers terminate the branches in {mall divided clufters of three or feven flowers; they have each five very flender ftyles, and are fucceeded by oval, pointed capfules, ‘filled with fmall feeds. ILEX. (ae The HOLLY-TREE wy \ ; Clafs 4. Order 3. Tetrandria Tetragynia. T# E Empalement is four toothed, very {mall and permanent. The Corolla confifts of one petal, four-parted and plane: the divifions are roundifh, concave, fpreading, pretty large, and cohering by claws. - The Filaments are four, awl-fhaped, and fhorter than the corol- la. The Anthere are {mall. | | The Germen is roundith. The Style none. The Stigmas ate four and obtufe. | Mn The Seed-veffel is a berry, roundith and four cell’d. The Seeds are folitary, bony, oblong, obtufe, gibbous on one fide and angled on the other. | hee Obf. The flowers are in fome fpecies male upon one plant, an female and hermaphrodite upon a different plant. The Species with us, are, % 1. Ibex Aguifolium. American Common Holly. This grows in Maryland, New Jerfey, &c. gene- rally in moift ground, rifing to the height of fifteen or twenty feet, with an erect ftem, covered with a greyifh coloured fmooth bark, and furnifhed with pretty many branches, which are garnifhed with | thick, hard, ever-green leaves, waved on their edges and indented, each point terminating in a {tiff prick- ly fpine. The flowers are produced upon pretty long footftalks, often three parted from the fides of the branches, of a white colour, having often five or fix ftamina, and the corolla divided into as many parts, and are fucceeded by roundifh berries, which when full ripe are red. Of the bark of common Holly jis made Birdlime, which is better than that made of Mifletoe. 2, ILEX rd Le ie 2, ILEx Caffine. Dahoon, or Carohnian Holly. This grows naturally in Carolina, rifing with an upright branching ftem to the height of eighteen or twenty feet. The bark of the ftem is of a brown) colour, but that of the branches and young fhoots green and fmooth. The leaves are fpear-fhaped, above four inches long and one and a quarter broad toward the bafe, of a light green colour and thick confiftence, with their upper parts fawed on the edges, each ferrature ending in a {mall fharp fpine. The flowers come out in thick clufters from the fides of the branches, they are white and like thofe of the common Holly, but fmaller, and are fucceeded by {mall roundith red berries. 3, ILEX canadenfis. Canadian, or Hedge-hog Folly. The leaves of this kind are not fo long as thofe of the Common Holly, but are armed with ftronger {pines ftanding clofer together, their upper furfaces are alfo fet very clofe with fhort prickles, from whence it obtained the name of Hedge-hog Holly. It grows naturally in Canada. There are faid to be two varieties of this with variegated leaves, one of which is yellow, the other white. LoD yh aA. Lr ie. Clafs 5. Order 1. Pentandria Monogynia. BE Empalement is one leaved, five cleft, ereét, tharp point- ed, very fmall, and permanent: the divifions are acute and coloured. | The y The Corolla has five petals, lance-thaped, long and inferted in. the calyx. Brae : The Filaments are five, awl-thaped, erect, the length of the co- rolla, and inferted into the calyx. ‘ihe Anthere are round- ith and incumbent. | | The Germen is ovate. The Style is cylindrical, permanent, and the length of the Stamina. The Stigma is obtufe. The Seed-ve/Jel is a capfule. ovate, much longer than the calyx, pointed with the ftyle, with one cell and two valves, of two joined together, gaping at the top. ee The Seeds are numerous, very fmall, oblong, and thining. There is but one Species of this Genus, viz. Irea virginica. Virginian Itea. This fhrub grows naturally ®t Maryland, Virginia, &c. near ftreams of water, or in moift places; rifing to the height of eight or ten feet, and dividing in- to feveral branches, which are garnifhed with {pear fhaped leaves, placed alternately, flightly fawed on their edges, and of a light green colour. The flow- ers are produced at the extremity of the fame year’s fhoots, in erect {pikes of three or four inches in length; they are white, and make a fine appearance when in bloom, which is a little before harveft time. JUGLANS. The WALNUT-TREE. ) | % Clafs 21, Order 8. Monoecia Polyandria. "THE Male and Female Flowers are feparate upon the fame tree: * The Male, are difpofed in an oblong katkin. | The Calyx is a common katkin, on all fides imbricate-fparfed, and cylindrical; confifting of fcales which are uniflorous, fingly affixed in the exterior center to each corolla, and turn- ed outward. I The ( 66) The Corolla is fix-parted, elliptic, equal, and plane: the divi- fions are fomewhat erect and concave, pedicell’d and inferted in the interior center of the corolla, “and rachis. The Filaments are many, (eighteen) very fhort. Uhe Anthere are erect, tharp pointed, and the length of the calyx. * The Female are without a katkin, two or three together, and fitting clofe, in the fame plant. The Empalement is four cleft, ere, very fhort, crowning the germen, and vanifhing. The Corolla is four parted, acute, ereét, and a little larger than the calyx. | U The Germen is oval, large, and beneath. The Styles are two, very fhort. The Stigmas are very large, clubbed, reflexed, and torn above. The Seed-vefJel is a drupe, or capfule, dry, oval, large and one cell’d. The Seed is a nut very large, roundith, netted with furrows, -and half four cell’d. The Kernel is four winhed and varioufly furrowed, The Species (or chiefly Varieties according to Wefton) with us, are, 1. Joouans nigra. Round black Virginian Walnut. This tree often ites to the height of fifty or fixty feet, and to three feet or more in diameter, covered with a dark furrowed bark, and dividing into many branches, furnifhed with winged leaves, compofed of ten or twelve pair of lobes, and an odd one; thefe are {mooth, oblong, fharp pointed and fawed an their edges; and upon being bruifed emit a {trong aromatic flavour, as doth alfo the external covering of the fruit. ‘The fruit are round, their covering pretty fmooth, and foftifh when fully ripe. The - nuts themfelves are hard, netted and furrowed, con- taining fweet oily kernel, 2. JUGLANS “ae 3 2. Jucuans nigra oblonga. Black oblong fruited | | Walnut. yy This tree refembles the former fo as fcarcely to be diftinguifhed from it, except by its fruit, which is oblong or oval; the fhells or coverings are rougher, harder, and of a deeper green colour. ‘The timber of both forts is much ufed by Joiners,.&c. in mak- ing tables, drawers, book and clock-cafes, &c. Coffins are alfo generally made of it. The bark, and outer coverings of the nuts, are ufed in dying wool, cloth, &c. There are perhaps fome other varieties of thefe. ne Jocuans oblonga alba. Butter-nut, or White Walnut. This often grows to the height of twenty or thirty feet and to eighteen inches or more in diameter, with a fmooth light coloured bark. ‘The branches are garnifhed with leaves compofed generally of eight or nine pair of lobes and an odd one, which are villofe, oblong egg-fhaped, fharp pointed, flightly ferrated, and larger than thofe of the other kinds. The fruit, when ripe, is villous and covered with a vilcid clammy fub{tance, by which it almoft fticks to the fingers when handled. It is long and fome- what pointed at the ends, and freed of its hull, or covering, 1s very rough and deeply furrowed, con- | taining a foft, oily, fweet kernel. Anextract of the — bark of this tree affords a mild and fate cathartic. The bark and fhells of the nuts dye a good brown colour, f{carcely ever fading. : 4. JUGLANS ( 8) as SORE alba acuminata. Long, Joarp -fruited Hickery Tree. This tree grows to the height of forty or fifty feet, and to eighteen inches or two feet in diameter. The leaves are generally compofed of three or four pair of lobes and an odd one. The nuts with their _ covers are about two inches in length and above one in diameter. ‘The covers, or hulls, generally open into four parts, difclofing their nuts, which are white, hard and thick fhell’d, having feams oppo- fite the divifions of their hulls. The kernel is eis and not very {weet. 5. Jucuans alba minima. White, or Pig-nut Hickery. This generally grows pretty large, fometimes to the height of eighty feet or more, and above two feet in diameter. The bark of young trees is fmooth, but when older becomes rough and furrowed. The leaves are generally compofed of five pair of lobes and an odd one, which are moftly narrower than thofe of many other kinds. The fruit is {mall and roundifh, and covered witha very thin hufk or co- vering, opening in divifions. ‘The fhell of the nut is alfo very thin, and eafily cracked with the teeth; the kernel plump and full but very bitter. The timber of this is not much efteemed. _ ae 6. JucLans alba odorata. Ba Yam Hickery. This tree grows as large as the Pig-nut Hickery, and much like it in appearance. ' The nuts are fmall, round, and thin fhell'd,’ the kernel {weet. ‘The Bianches are flender and flexible. ‘There is, I think, a variety of this, with a rougher furrowed bark, bearing broader leaves and larger nuts, having _ thicker ( 69 ) thicker outer covers, as well as inward fhells, with the kernel generally fmall and fhrivelled. ‘The tim- ber of both kinds is hard and tough, and ufed for axle-trees of carriages, &c. mill coggs and rounds, and alfo for handles, &c. for moft implements of hufbandry. tan : GE Jucuans alba ovata. Shell-barked Hickery. This tree delights in a rich moift foil, generally growing by creeks and rivers, often to the height of feventy or eighty feet, and above two feet in diameter. The bark is rough and fhelly or fcaly. The leaves are generally compofed of two pair of lobes and an odd one, they are narrowed towards the bafe, oval, and pointed at the extremity, and fawed on their edges. ‘The fruit is roundifh, but rather flatted and indented at the ends. The outer cover very thick and dividing into four parts, dif- clofing its nut, which is not very thick fhell’d, con- taining {weet kernel, preferable to the other kinds. There are feveral varieties of thisin America, fome with nuts as large as our common Walnuts. 8. JuGLAaNs pecan. The Pecan, or Illinois Hickery. This tree is faid to grow plenty in the neighbour- hood of the Illinois river, and other parts to the weftward. The young plants raifed from thefe nuts, much refemble our young Pig-nut Hickerys. The nuts are {mall and thin fhelled. JUNIPERUS. (fo 4) JUNIPERUS, The J\U'N'T'P ER’ UT ROE E: Cla 22. Order 12. Pioeeld Monodelphia. ‘THE Flowers are Male and Female on different plants. * The Male. The Calyx is a conical katkin, confifting of a common rachis or {tring, to which three flowers are placed in triple oppofition, the katkin terminating with the tenth: each flower has for its bafe a Scale which is broad, fhort, incumbent and affixed to the column by a little footftalk. The Corolla none. The Filaments (in the terminal floret) are three, awl-fhaped, and joined beneath in one body; (in the lateral florets fcarce amanifeft.) The Anthere are three, diftiné in the terminal floret, but in the lateral joined to the fcales * The Female. The Empalement is three parted, very {mall, adjoining to the germen, and permanent. The Corolla has three petals, permanent, rigid and acute. The Germen is beneath. ‘The Styles are three, fimple. The Stigmas are fimple. The Seed-veffel i is a berry, fiefhy, roundifh, the under part mark- ed with three obfolete oppofite tubercles, grown from the calyx, the top umbilicated with three fmall teeth (formerly petals.) The Seeds are three, fmall, oblong, and bony, convex on one fide, and angled on the other. The Species, with us, are, 1, JUNIPERUS virginiana. ed Cedar-Tree. This tree often grows to the height of fifteen or — ‘twenty feet, fending off many diverging branches, covered with leaves fomething like the Juniper, but much fmaller, fhorter, and lying clofer to the branches. The berries are fmaller than thofe of the Juniper, XD Juniper, and covered with a whitifh fubftance, eafily rubbing off, 2. Junivenus caroliniana. Red. Carolinian | Cedar. | This tree much refembles the former in fize and fhape, but the under leaves have fomewhat the ap- pearance of Juniper, the upper, of Cyprefs or Savin. There are faid to be other varieties, but their differ- ence in appearance is fcarcely obfervable. The timber affords very good durable pofts for fencing; &e. KAS Me iA, KALMIA, or AMERICAN LAUREL. Clafs 10. Order 1. Decandria Monogynia. fe Met Empalement is five parted, fmall, and permanent: the fegments are fomewhat ovate, and acute. | The Corollais of one petal, pitcher-funnel form. The tube is cy- lindrical and longer than the calyx. The border witha plane difk, and ereét half five cleft circumference; there are ten {mall nectariferous horns, prominent without, and placed . round the corolla from where the border is raifed. The Filaments are ten, awl-fhaped, fomewhat fpreading, a lit- tle fhorter than the corolla, and inferted into its bafe. The Anthere are fimple. The Germen is roundith. The Style is thread form, longer than the corolla, and declined. The Stigma is obtufe. The Seed-vefJel is roundith, depreffed, five cell’d and five valv’d. The Seeds are numerous. The Species are, . KALMIA le fey 1. Kaimria anguftifolia. Narrow Ileaved Kalmia. This kind delights in moift or {wampy places, and rifes to the height of two feet or more. The leaves are of a light green colour, and fometimes grow to the fize of an inch and a half in length and half an mech inbreadth, of an oval fhape, and entire. The flowers come out in clufters on every fide of the ftalks, towards their extremities, and are of a beau- tiful red colour. This has been called Glaucous leaved Kalmia. ~ 2. Kaumria latifolia. Broad leaved Kalmia. This beautiful flowering fhrub rifes often to the height of fix or eight feet and fometimes to ten or twelve, covered with a lightifh coloured rough bark, and generally growing crooked. ‘The leaves are of a dark green colour, thick confiftence, lance-fhaped and entire, in general about three inches in length and one in breadth. The flowers are’produced in clufters at the ends of the branches and are variegat- ed with red when firft opening, but change to a whiter colour when expanded. ‘There are very few flowering fhrubs comparable to this when in bloom. The leaves are noxious to oxen and fheep, yet the deer eat them with impunity. , LAURUS. The BAY-TREE Clafs 9. Order 1. Enneandria Monogynia. f los Empalement is wanting. The Corolla has fix petals, ovate, fharp pointed, concave, and ereét: the alternate exterior. And ‘oe Y ‘And a Nettarium, confifting of three tubercles, fharp point- ed, coloured, and ending in two briftles, ftanding round _ the germen. The Filaments are nine, fhorter than the corolla, compreffed, obtufe and three-fold in each order. The Authere are ad- joined. on each fide to the margin of the filaments. There are two roundish fmall Glands affixed by very fhort footftalks, to each filament of the inward order, near the bafe. The Germen is fomewhat ovate. The Style is fimple, equal and the length of the ftamina. The Stigma is obtufe and oblique. The Seed-veffel is a drupe, oval, tharp pointed, and one cell’d, contained in the calyx. ; The Seed is a nut of a fharp pointed egg-fhape, with a kernel of the fame form. Obf. The flowers are fometimes male and female upon differ. ent trees. The Species, with us, are, _ Laurus Benzoin. The Benjamin-Tree, or Spice-Wood. This fhrub grows naturally in moift places, and rifes often to the height of eight or ten feet, divid- ing into feveral branches. ‘Lhe leaves are annual, oval fhaped and entire. The flowers are produced from the fides of the branches upon fhort footftalks, often dividing and fuftaining from one, to four or five flowers, of a greenifh yellow colour; which are fucceeded by oval, oblong berries, of a red colour when ripe, but changing to black. ‘The bark, ber- ries, &c. have a ftrong aromatic {mell, much like that of Benzoin, and indeed, by fome, is allowed to be the tfee, from whence it is produced. 2. Laurus Borbonia. Red-ffalked Caroliniau Bay-Tree. This grows naturally in Carolina, and rifes with a ght trunk to a confiderable height, efpecially ay near 7 eae near the fea-coaft. | The leaves are fharp poirited “a : much longer than thofe of the European Bay; little wooly underneath, veined tranfverfely, Li | fomewhat reflexed on their edges. The male trees produce their flowers in long bunches from the wings of the leaves; the female, in loofe bunches, ftand- ing upon long red footftalks, and are fucceeded by blue berries fitting in red cups. ‘he wood is of a very fine grain, proper for ca- binet making and other ornamental furniture. It alfo dies a beautiful black colour. 3. Laurus geniculata. Caroliman Spice Wood Lree. This kind fo much refembles the Benzoin as to require no further defcription, except in having ber- ries not of fo red a colour. 4. Laurus Saflafras. The Saffa ofras-Tree. This tree rifes fometimes to the height of twenty or thirty feet, and to twelve or fifteen inches in di- ameter, but is commonly of much lower growth. The bark of the young fhoots is {mooth and green, but of the old trunks rough, furrowed and of a lightith colour. It is divided towards the top into many branches, generally crooked, furniihed with leaves diilerent in form and fize, fome betng oval and entire, others two or three lobed and of five or fix inches in length, and nearly as much in width; of a light green colour and placed alternately upon pretty long footitalks. ‘The flowers are produced at the extremity of the former year’s fhoots upon long panicled foot{talks, and are generally male and female upon different trees. The female are fuc- ceeded by oblong, oval berries, of a bluith colour when a ee when ripe, fitting in red cups, having red footftalks. - The roots and wood have been long ufed'as a fudo-— rific, but the bark of the root is by much the ftrong- eft, yielding a confiderable quantity of hot, aromat- ic oil and when powdered and joined with other febrifuges, has been given with fuccefs in intermit- tents, &c. Alfo ufed as a tea, is faid to promote obftruéted menfes; but has been blamed for occafi- oning the head-ach. es aa ila edd US Mawel Gree or WILD spe taperar he Clafs 10. Order i Decandria Monogynia. au Empalement is of one leat, very Behe and five-tooth- The Corolla confifts’ of file abtalds! ovate, concave, and fpread- ing. The Filaments are ten, thread-form, fpreading and the length of the corolla. The Anthere are oblong. | The Germen is roundith. The Style thread-form and the q peth of the ftamina. The Stigma is obtufe. The Seed-vefJel is a capfule, roundith, five-cell’d and gaping in five parts at the top. ‘The Seeds are par Mee oblong, narrow, acute each way and very fender. © wii _ The Species. with us, but one, viz. Lepum thymifolium. Thyme leaved Marfh | Ciftus. This grows ‘rurally j in the Jerfeys, in low, moift places. It is a {mall ever-green fhrub, fcarcely rif- ing above eighteen inches or two feet in height and divided into feveral branches. ‘The leaves are very {mall, entire, of an oblong oval fhape, and thick confiftence, Ce 3 confiftence, placed clofe, alternately, and thick up- on the branches. The flowers terminate the ftalks in fhort leaffy bunches, coming out fingly at the bofom of the leaves upon pretty long footftalks, they are {mall and white but make a fine appearance when in bloom. This has generally been. eaNesh Thyme-leaved Kalmia. | LIQUIDAMBAR. LIQUIDAMBAR, or SWEET GUMTREE. Clafs 2r, Order 8, Wadhects Polyandria, "THE Male Flowers are numerous in a conical; long, ibtte _katkin. | sce belli The Calyx is a common Involucrum of four leaves; which are _. ovate, concave, and falling; the alternate fhorter. The Corolla none. The Filaments are numerous, and very fhort, in a body, plane on one fide and convex onthe other. The Anthere are erett, twin, four furrowed, and two cell’d. * The Female flowers are collected ina globe at the bafe of the male {pikes. The Calyx is an Involucrum as in the male, but double. Che Proper Empalement is. bell-dhape, angled, warty, and ma- ny joined together. The Corolla none. The Germen is oblong and adjoined to the empalement. The Styles are two, awl-thaped. The Stigmas joined to thefe ang the length of the ftyle, recurved and. downy. The Seed-vefJe) confifts of as many capfules as empalements, which are ovate, oblong, fharp pointed, with one cell and two valves at top; joined in a ligneous globe. The Seeds are few, (one or two) oblong, ointed and fhining; mixed with many branny corpufcles. The Species with us, are, \ © 1. LIQUIDAMBAR t @ } 1, LiqguipAmBaR Styraciflua. Maple-leaved * Liquidambar-Tree, or Sweet Gum. This tree grows naturally in low clayey ground, rifing with a ftraight trunk to the height of forty feet or more, fending off many branches, forming a pyramidal head. The leaves are angular, fome- what refembling thofe of Maple, having five and often feven, pointed, ferratéd, fpreading lobes; and are of a dark green colour. They have a rong, ~ fweet, glutinous fubftance, exuding, through them pores in warm weather, rendering them clammy to the touch.” The flowers are produced early in the {fpring, and are fucceeded by globular feed-veffels, compofed of many capfules joined at the bafe, but terminating in long foftifh {pines or points, and con- taining each one or two oblong compreffed, winged feeds, with a great nuinbet of furferaceous particles. 2. LiqguipamBAR afplenifolia. Spleen-wert-leaved Gale, or Shrubby Sweet Fern. This is a fmall fhrub, growing naturaily upon dry flaty ridges, and feldom rifing above three feet high, dividing into feveral branches, furnifhed with many oblong leaves, alternately fituated, refembling thoie _ of Spleen Wort; of adark green colour, hairy un- derneath’ and fitting clofe to the ftalks. The mate atkins are produced lying clofe to the fmal! branch- es near their ends... The female flowers are in {mall heads» a little beneath them, becoming finall burs, generally containing two or more oblong fmooth feeds. An mfufion of the leaves has been ufed as an aftringent in Diarrheas, &c. LIRIODENDRUM. ( es 9 '. LIRIODEND,R.UM. + . * The TULIP: TREE Clafs 13. Order ve PAt anise Polygynia. THE. Cal cotih fts of a proper Involucrum of two leaves ; which are triangular, plane and deciduous. And an Empalement of ‘three leaves; oblong, concave, fpreading, petal-form, and deciduous. The Corolla has fix (often more) petals, bell’d: the petals are f{patuled, oblong, obtufe and variegated. “The Filaments are numerous, fhorter than the corolla, linear, and inferted inthe'receptacle: .The Anthere are linear, and adjoined longitudinally to the fides of the filaments... The Germen are numerous, placed in a cone. . The Style none. The Stigmas globofe. The > ie ve Jel none. The feeds: are imbricated’i in a cone like body The Seeds are numerous, ete ina bine Gales § near the _ bafe of the {cale, fending off from the interior fide, an acute “angle, compreffed at the bafe and acute, by which they are joined to the ¢ fpindle’ fhaped receptacle. . The Species with us, are,- Lik RIODENDRUM Tulipifera. V. orgumat si ulip- erCes This often grows to the fize #3 a ree tree, of feventy or eighty feet in height and above four feet | in diameter.. The bark of young trees 1s {mooth, but as they grow old it becomes furrowed, their lower branches alfo falling off.. The young trees fend off many branches, almoft from the: ground upward, garnifhed with broad {mooth leaves, heart- fhaped at the bafe, but end-bitten, or cut, at the ex- tremity, having two or three pointed Jobes; on each fide the midrib; of a dark green colour on the upper . fide, * (99 3 fide, but lighter and veined underneath; with pretty long footftalks. The flowers are produced at the extremity of the branches in form of a Tulip, com- pofed of fix or feven petals, or. fometimes more, greenifh coloured towards the tops, but marked tranfverfely with red, towards the claws; which are glandular and honey-bearing. ‘The young trees make a beautiful appearance, efpecially when in flow- er. We havetwo kinds of Tulip trees, viz. Yellow and White, their difference eafily diftinguifhable by the wood or timber, but perhaps not otherwife. The ‘Yellow is fott and brittle, and much ufed for boards, heels for fhoes, &c. alfo turned into bowls, trench- ers, &c. The white is heavy, tough, and hard, and likewile fawed into joifts, boards, &c. for building. The bark of the root is ufed as an ingredient in bitters, &c. Owe BRA, HONEYSUCKLE, or WOODBINE. Clafs 5. Order t. Pentandria Monogynia. HE Empalement is five parted, above and fmall.. The Corolla is of one petal and tubulous. The tube ob- long and gibbofe. The border five-parted; the divifi- ons revolute, and one deeper feparated than the ref, The Filaments are five, awl-thaped and nearly the length of the corolla. The Anthere are oblong. ‘The Germen is roundith and beneath. The Style is thread-form and the length of the corolla. The Stigma is obtufe-headed. The Seed-veffelis a berry, umbilicated and two cell’d. The Seeds are roundith and compreffed. The Species, with us, ( according to Linnzeus’s ar- rangement) are divided as follows, into * Honeyfuckles. ( 8 ) * Honeyfuckles with a trailing fralk. r. Lonicera caroliniana, Carolinian /earlet Trumpet-flowered Honeyfuckle. This is a variety of the following, only differing in having fmaller leaves and flowers. 2. Lonicera virginiana. Virginian fearlet Honey- fuckle. This hath a fhrubby trailing ftalk, which requires fupport, and appears much like the common Honey- fuckle, but the fhoots are weaker. The inferior leaves are inverfe egg-fhaped, of a deep green co- lour on their.upper fides, but whitifh underneath, fitting clofe to the branches; but thofe near the ends of the branches, are joined, forming fometimes a large fomewhat quadrangular leaf, but moftly a fmaller concave ovalone. The flowers are produced in whorls upon a long naked ftalk terminating the branches, having long fcarlet tubes with fhort bor- ders. The lower leaves in warm fituations are ever- green. | a. Lonicera fempervirens. LEver-green Honeyfuckle. This is faid to grow in Virginia, with ftrong branches, covered witha purple bark, and garnith- ed with lucid green leaves, continuing their verdure all the year. The flowers are produced in manner of the former, of a bright red on their outfides and yellow within, and continuing in fucceffion from June till autumn. | ** Dwarf 2 | ** Dwarf Cherries with biflorous foot/ftalks. 4. Lontcera canadenfis. Canadian dwarf-cherry Honeyfuckle. (Bartram’s Catalogue.) This is a native of Canada, rifing with an erect - fhrubby ftalk to the height of about five feet. ‘The leaves are oval fhaped, entire, of a very thin tex- ture and lucid green colour. The flowers terminate the branches, fitting two upon each footftalk, of a pale yellow colour, ftreaked with purple, and a] pearing pretty early i in the {pring. *** With an erect ftalk, and multiflorous footftalks. ¢, Lonicera Diervilla. 7% ellow flowering Diervilla. This hath flender fhrubby ftalks, feldom rifing above two feet and a half high, and generally lean- ing; furnifhed with fomewhat heart-fhaped, oblong, fharp-pointed leaves, flightly fawed on their edges, placed oppofite, and fitting clofe to the ftalks. ‘The flowers are produced at the extremity and fometimes from the fides of the branches, generally two or three together, upon ‘hort footftalks; they are of a cream colour, the inferior fegment of the flower fomewhat larger and yellower than the others; they are lucceeded by oblong capfules, containing {mall feeds. This grows moft natural upon mountains, and {preads much by its creeping roots. 6. LONICERA oS mabey Maryland fcarlet Lom- i cera. This, it is faid, grows in Maryland with an tp- right ftalk, furnithed with ovate, oblong, fharp- L pointed ‘Bs | of Care. 6) se, pointed leaves, which are diftin€ and fit clofe to the ftalks. The flowers are produced in erect {pikes of a fcarlet colour. ve LONICERA Symphoticarpos. Indian Currants, or St. Peter’s Wort. This hath a fhrubby ftalk, ‘which rifes from four to five feet high and {preads into many flender branch- es, garnifhed with oval entire leaves, fomewhat hairy and placed oppofite upon fhort footftallks. The flowers are fmall and of an herbaceous colour, and are produced upon fhort, common peduncles, or footftalks, which are placed ‘oppofite a conderable diftance along, and terminating the branches; upon which they are fet, very clofe in whorls, or rather in two oppofite rows. A few of thefe are fucceeded by reddifh, deprefled, hollow and fpongy berries ; ripening very late, and each generally containing two fmall round comprefled feeds. This often fends off a few weak trailing branches lying upon the ground and taking root, by which it may be cally 8 propagated. MAGNOLIA. The LAUREL-LEAVED TULIP-TREE. | Clafs 13. Order 7, Polyandria Polygynia. we Kianistencats is three leaved: the leaves ovate, concave, petal form and deciduous. The Coralla has-nine petals, oblong, concave, obtufe, and nar- rower at the bafe. ‘Fhe Filaments are numerous, fhort, tharp pointed, and com- preffed; inferted beneath the germen in the common recep- tacle of the ftyles.. The Anthere are linear and adjoined on each fide to the margin of the filaments. The at 83) The Germen are numerous, ovate-oblong, covering the clubbed receptacle. The Styles are recurved, contorted and very » dhort.. . The Stigmes are from one'end ‘of the ftyle ‘to the other, ,and villofe,.. | . | | The Seed-vefJel is an ovate cone, covered with capfules, which are comprefled, roundith, fcarce imbricated, crowded, acute, one cell’d, two valv'd, feffile, gaping outward and perma- nent. | SV8R aha Bae ! The Seeds are folitary, roundith, berried, and hanging by.a thread from the bofom of each fcale of the cone. The Species are, 1. .Macnouia acuminata, . Long, /eaved Mountain | -- Magnolia, or Cucumber Trees) This tree grows fometimes to the height of thirty or forty feet, and to eighteen inches.or more in di- ameter; dividing into feveral branches towards the top, garnifhed with large, oblong, fharp-pointed leaves. The flowers come out early in the fpring and are compofed ‘of twelve large bluifh coloured petals. The feed-veflels are about three inches long, fomewhat refembling a {mallCucumber; from whence the inhabitants where it grows natural, call it the Cueumber-tree, iva. oscn as hetinae 2. Macnouta glauca. Small Magnolia, or Swamp Saffafras.. rig : This grows naturally in low, moilt, or fwampy ground, often tothe height of filteen or twenty feet; covered with a whitith fmooth bark, and di- viding into feveral branches; furnifhed with entire, oblong, oval leaves, of a dark green on their upper furface, but whitifh and a little hairy underneath. The flowers are produced at the ends of the branch- es, compofed of fix concaye, white petals, of an agreeable {mell; and are fucceeded by oyal, or fome- | what - Beh teas We what pobical feed-veflels, of an inch or more in length and three fourths of an jneh in. diameter ; compofed of many capfules, which open and difcharge their feeds. when ripe, . hanging by flender white threads, of a red colour, and near the,fize of a {mall bean. The feeds and bark have been ufed with fome luc- -cefs in the cure of Rheumati{m, ees \ 3- Macnoria grandiflora. Ever-green Laurel-leav- ed Tulip-Tree. ‘This grows naturally in Florida and'South ‘Caroli. na, fometimes to’ the height of cighty’ feet or more, with a ftraight trunk of two feet or more in diame- ter; having a regular head. The leaves are ever- green, of a thick confiftence, pretty large, oblong, ‘pointed, and entire: of a lucid green on the upper fide, and fometimes of a ruffet, or buff colour on the under. The flowers are produced at the ends of the branches; they are very large, and compofed of eight or ten oblong white petals, narrowed to- wards the bafe, but broad, rounded, and a little waved at their extremities. They are fucceeded by oblong, conical feed-veffels, difclofing their feeds after the manner of the other fpecies. ‘This is allow- ‘ed to be one of the moft beautiful ever-green trees yet known, but i is impatient of cold. ai Macnonia tripetala. The Umbrella ion oe This grows pretty frequent i in Carolina, and fome parts of Pennfylvania; ufually to the height of fix- teen or twenty feet, with a flender trunk, covered with a fmooth bark, ‘and dividing into feveral branch- es.. The leaves are very large and entire, often from twelve to fifteen inches or more in length, and five or fix in width, narrowing to a point at Sth extremity, placed 185°) placed at the ends of the branches in a circular man- ~ ner, fomewhat refembling an umbrella; from whence it obtained its name, The flowers are compofed of. ten, or eleven, large, oblong, | white petals, the exterior ones hanging down; and are fucceeded by oblong, conical {eed-veffels, between three and four inches in length, and about one and a half in diame- ter, crowing reddifh anil difclofing their feeds, when ‘ripe, after the fame manner of the others. There are faid to be two other fpecies in the fouthern ftates. MENISPE RMP M. MOONSEED. Clafs bo Order 10. Dioecia Hadas fe Mis Flowers are Male and Female’ upon feparate plants. * The Male. | The Empalement is two leaved: the leaves are linear and fhort. The Corolla has four exterior petals, which are ovate, fpreading and equal. And eight interior leffer ones, ovate and concave. The Filaments are fixteen (or more) cylindrical and rather long- er than the corolla. The Anthere are terminal, very thort, and obtufe four lobed. * The Female, on a different plant. The Empalement as in the Male. The Corolla as the Male. * ° The Filaments eight, like the male. The Anthere are pellucid and barren. : The Germen are two, ovate, incurved, winking and pedicell’d. ‘The Styles are folitary, very thort andrecurved. ‘The Stig- ~ mas are bifid and obtufe. The ‘ic vefJels are two berries, roundifh-kidney form and one cell’ The Seeds are folitary, large, and kidney form, or fomewhat orbicular and comprefied. Ob/. The Canadian has an Empalement and Corolla of fix leaves, alfo fix ftamina and three ftyles. The ( 86) i The Species with us, are, ; ‘ 33 « MENisPeioiin canadenfe. Canadian Moon- Jeed. | phis ay a thick, ligneous root, fending up ma- ny twining ftalks, twifting themfelves round the neighbouring trees for fupport, becoming woody, and rifing to the height of ten or fifteen feet. Thefe are furnifhed with large, f{mooth, roundifh, angled leaves, haying pretty long footftalks placed on their under fides, making a hollow, or appearance of a navel on the upper fide, ‘The flowers come out in loofe bunches from the fides of the ftalks; they are ‘{mall, of an herbaceous colour, and compofed of fix oblong petals, fix fhort ftamina, and three ftyles arifing from as many germen; which become three channelled berries, each containing one’ fomewhat circular comprefled feed. 2, MENISPERMUM carolinum,. ainsi Moonfeed. This is much fmaller and fyehlene ‘fini the Sa fearcely becoming fhrubby.. Uhe leaves are fmaller, entire, heart-fhaped, and villous underneath. 3. MENISPERMUM virginicum, J; irgimian Moon/feed. “This much refembles the Canadian kind, ‘the leaves are target-form, heart-thaped and lobed. — MESPILUS. Le MOR SRerdys UB The MEDLAR-TREE. Clafs 12. Order 4. Icofandria Pentagynia. TE E Empalement is one leaved, concave-fpreading, five tooth- ed, and permanent. ! The Corolla has five petals, roundifh, concave, and inferted in the calyx. ‘ The Filaments are twenty, awl.fhaped and inferted in the calyx. The Anthere are fimple. * ~The Germen is beneath. The Styles are five, (often lefs) fimplo and ereét. The Stigmas are headed. The Seed-veffel is a berry, globofe, umbilicated, and covered with the calyx, but fomewhat perforated at the apex. The Seeds are five, bony and gibbous. The Species, with us, are, * Armed with Thorns :. Mespruus coccinea. Cock/pur-Hawthorn. This rifes generally to the height of ten or twelve feet, with a pretty {trong ftem, dividing into feverat branches, which are armed with {trong thorns, bent downwards like a cock’s fpur. he leaves are fome- what oval, but {preading into angles, fawed on their edges, and fmooth. ‘The flowers come out at the extremities and fides of the branches in umbels; they are pretty large and are fucceeded by fruit near- ly as large as a {mall cherry and of a fine red colour when ripe. There is a variety of this without thorns, witk leaves deeper fawed on their edges, and not fo deep- ly veined, otherwife of the fame growth and ap- pearance. 2, MEsPILuSs ( 88) 2. Mespiuus Crus galli. Pear leaved Thorn. : : This rifes with a ftrong ftem to the height of fif- teen or twenty feet, fending off many long (and of- ten nearly horizontal) branches, armed with long, fharp thorns. The leaves are of an oblong,’ oval fhape, or often narrowed towards the bafe, fawed on their edges, fmooth, and of a deep, fhining green colour, and thick confiftence. The flowers come out late, and are produced in {mall clufters at the ends of the branches. The fruit are of a middling fize and of a dark oy dirty reddifh colour. | Obf. The flowers have frequently but one ftyle. 3. Mrspiius cuneiformis. Wedge leaved Mef- : pilus. This grows often to the height of twenty feet or more, with a {trong {tem of five or fix inches in di- | ameter, covered with a dark rough bark, dividing into many branches, and armed with long fharp thorns. The leaves are {mooth, wedge, or inverfe- egg-fhaped, and pointed; flightly and fomewhat doubly ferrated towards their extremities, of a fhin- ‘ing green colour on their upper furface and veined with oblique parallel veins. The flowers -are pro- duced in {mall clufters at the ends of the branches and are fucceeded by middie fized reddith fruit. © 4. Mespitus Azarolus major. Great Azarole, or Hawthorn. ; This kind frequently rifes to the height of twelve or fifteen feet, with a ftrong ftem covered with a lightifh rough bark, dividing ito many branches, and armed with many long thorns. ‘he leaves are \ Japger (. ‘td 8g ) : larger than thofe of the other kinds, fomewhat egg- ‘fhaped, but toothed or angled, fawed on their edges, and much veined. The flowers are produced in umbels at the extremity of the branches and are fucceeded bg large fruit, of a dark red colour. 5. MEspILus Azarolus minor. Smaller Aza- : role, or Hawthorn. This hide abit the appearance of the laft, but 1 18 finaller i in “otha leaves and fruit. 6. Wieser Uy Oeracintis aurea. Yellow ber- ried Hawthorn. This rifes to the height of fix or eight feet, te viding into feveral branches and armed with thar thorns. The leaves are fomewhat egg-fhaped, te acutely toothed and fawed on their edges. ‘The flowers are produced as in the other kinds and are fucceeded by middling fized fruit, of a greenith yel- low colour when ripe. 7-Mespixus apifolia. Virgiman Parfley lie ed Me/pilus. This’ is generally of low growth, rifing perhaps to the height of five or fix feet, and armed with a few fharp thorns. The leaves are {mall, fhining and — much cut or divided on their edges. The fruit are {mall and red coloured. ** Withorti = ( 90°) ** Without: Thorns. H 8. Mespitus nivea. arly ripe, Efculent fruited Medlar, or wild Service, This rifes, frequently to the height of fifteen or twenty feet, dividing into feveral branches, which are without thorns, and covered with a {mooth, whitith, {potted bark.. The leaves are.of an oblong oval; pointed, flightly and: acutely ferrated, hairy and whitifh at their firft appearance, but becoming fmooth and. of a dark green, efpecially upon their upper fides. The flowers are produced from the fides of the fmall branches in loofe bunches or pa- nicles, of a {nowy white colour, and are fucceeded by fruit near the fize of a Goofe-berry, which are foft, fucculent, fweet tafted, and purplifh coloured when ripe. The flowers of this come out before the leaves are expanded, perfectly white, and thick fet upon the branches, making a fine appearance. The fruit is ripe in June, pretty large and of an agreea- ble tafte. There is a variety of this of fmaller growth, but of the fame appearance. — g. Mespizus prunifolia. Plumb leaved Medlar. This. grows naturally in. moift places rifing with —flender flems.to the height of fix or eight feet, di- viding into but few branches and. without thorns. "The leaves are inverfe egg-fhaped, pointed, flightly ferrated, of a dark green on their upper furface, but lighter and downy underneath. The flowers are produced at the extremity of the branches in clufters, and are fucceeded by fmall fruit of a dark purplifh colour when ripe. ; There ( gt } There is a variety of this, generally rifing but to the height of two or three feet. The fruit are fomewhat larger and of the fame colour, but other- wife much refembling the‘other. 10, Mespitus canadenfis. Dwarf red fruit- | ed Medlar, This rifes to the height of four or five feet, with flender fmooth ftems, much refembling the laft de- {cribed, except in having fruit of a red colour when ripe. There is alfo a variety of this of fmaller growth, which produces fruit of a beautiful red-co- lour. | Obf. The characters of the Crategus and Mefpi- lus differ fo immaterially that, I fhould fuppofe, they might be reduced to one Genus, with much greater propriety than the Beech and Chefnut. They are Genera in which much confufion prevails amongft Botanical writers, fome clafling moft of the Species under the Cratzgus, others the fame Species under the Mefpilus; neither is it eafy to determine to which they, with moft propriety, belong. Ihave frequent- | ly obferved in fome Species from one to three ftyles, in others from three to five, but not having obferved any to be conftant with two, agreeably to the cha- racter of the Crataegus, have ranged none under that Genus. We have, native of thefe ftates, feve- ral Species of Mefpilus, and a great number of Va- rieties, which, until better diferiminated and afcer- - tained, can never be defcribed with any degree of accuracy. MITCHELLA., €"'92' ) MIT CAEL om A, MITCHELLA. Clafs 4. Order 1. Tetrandria Monogynia. : "THE Flowers are twin, or two fi itting upon the fame bud; and each having an Empalement, four parted, erect, per- manent and above. A Corolla of one petal, funnel form. The tube cylindrical; the border four-parted, fpreading and hairy within. And four Filaments, thread-form, ereét, and within the bofom of the corolla. With Anthere oblong, and ‘acute. The Germen is twin, orbiculate, common to both, and beneath. The Styles are one in each flower, thread-form and the length of the corolla, The Stigmas are four, oblong. The seed-vefjel is a berry, two parted and globofe. The Seeds are four, siti cari and riko There is but one e Species 7 this ss aes Viz. M ITC HELLA repens. _ Creeping evergreen ~ Mitchella, This j is a fmall sai) growing upon mofly, north- — ern, fhaded banks, with flender fhrubby ftalks, ly- ing clofe to the ground, and putting out roots at the joints. The leaves are ever-green, of a thick con- fiftence, obtufely egg-fhaped, and entire; they are placed oppofite and thick upon the branches, with fhort footftalks, and are often marked longitudinally with a whitifh vein. The flowers are produced at the bofom of the leaves, they are double, or two arifing from one bud, of a white colour, and are fucceeded by {mall roundith red berries. MORUS. (. 98 7 MORUS.. ae The MULBERRY- TREE Clafs 21. Guclen, 4. Monoecia Teerandridy, HE Male Flowers are difpofed i in Katkins. ihe Empalement is four parted; the leaves ovate ‘and concave. . The Corolta none. The Filaments are four, awl-fhaped, erect, longer than the alls and one within each leaf of the flower cup. The Arthere are fimple. * The Femaie Flowers are collected, either in the fame, or a different plant from the male. The Empalement is four leaved : the leaves are roundith, obtufe, permanent; the two oppofite exterior incumbent. The Corolla none. The Germen is heart-fhaped. ‘The Styles are two, aati thaped, long, reflexed, and rough. The Stigmas are: fimple. The Seed-veffel none. The Empalements becoming flefhy fuc- culent berries, jointly forming an oblong rough fruit. The Seeds, one in each berry, ovate acute. We have but one Species, native with us, viz. Morus rubra. Large-leaved Virginian Muc- berry Tree. This grows common in many parts of North- America, to the height of twenty or thirty feet, and with a trunk from twelve to eighteen inches or more in diameter; dividing into many branches, which | are garnifhed with large, rough, heart-fhaped, ob- long, pointed leaves; fawed on their edges, and fometimes with others largely and deeply divided in- to two, three, or more pointed lobes. The leaves of male ‘trees are generally largeft. The fruit is large, of a dark purplifh colour when ripe, very fuc- culent ( 94 ) culent and of an agreeable tafte. The timber affords very durable pofts, for fencing, &e. As our Mul- berry has been found, upon trial, to anfwer well for the purpofe of raifing filk worms, and growing fpon- _ftaneouily and plentifully in many parts of thefe flates; it is prefumed, many of our countrymen War profitably apply their attention to the culture of filk. | NEY RE OA, CANDLEBERRY MYRTLE. Clafs 22. Order 5. Dhioecia Tetrandria. "THE Flowers are Male and Female on different plants. *The Male. The Calyx is a Katkin ovate-oblong, loofe, imbricated on all fides, and confifting of Scales, which are one flowered, moon-fhape, obtufely pointed, and concave. The Corolla none. The Filaments are four, (rarely fix) thread-form, fhort, and erect. The Anthere are large and twin, with two-cleft lobes. * The Female. | The Calyx and Corolla as in the male. The Germen is fomewhat ovate. The Styles are two, thread- form and longer than the calyx. The Stigmas are fimple. The Seed-vefJel is a berry, of one cell. | : The Seed is one. Obf. The Gale has four ftamina: the Berry compreffed at the apex, and three lobed: the cerifera has fix ftamina: the berry fucculent and roundith. The Species with us, are, 1. Myrica cerifera. Candleberry Myrtle. This grows naturally upon low boggy lands, ril- ing with many ftrong fhrubby ftalks, to the height of fix or eight feet; fending out feveral ranchers which ( ox } which are furnifhed with {tiff fpear-fhaped leaves, a little fawed towards their extremities, of a yellow- ith lucid green on their upper fides but paler under- neath, having very fhort footftalks, and of a grate- ful odour when bruifed. The katkins come out on different plants from the berries, and are about an - inch long, ftanding erect. The female flowers. come out on. the fides. of the branches in: long bunches, and are fucceeded by {mall roundifh berries, covered with a mealy fubftance, and affording a kind of green wax, which 1s fometimes ufed in making can- dles.. | 2. Myrica cerifera humilis. Dwarf Candleberry Myrtle. | This is a variety of the former kind, differing from it in being of a lower growth, the branches not fo ftrong, and covered with a greyith bark. The leaves. are: alfo fhorter and broader, and more faw- ed on their edges. The berries afford a wax like the others. 3. Myrica Gale. American Bog Gale. This alfo grows naturaily in bogs and {wamps, rifing with fhrubby ftalks to the height of two or three feet, garnifhed with lance-fhaped leaves, fmooth and a little fawed towards their points. The berries are dry, comprefled at the apex and three lobed, NYSSA. The TUPELO-TREE. Clafs 23, Order 1, : Polygamia Dioecia. ‘THE Flowers are Male and Hermaphrodite, (in fome Species * Male and Female) upon different plants. * The ( 96 ) * The Male: eae The Empe alement i i five P: yarted and fpr odes with: a plane bot- . tom. "<” | The Coat none: he Filaments, are ten} St draped and fhorter than the calyx. | he Anthere.are. twin and che length of the filaments. *The. Hermaphrodite. | The Empalement asin the male, i itting upon the germen. The Corolla none. > The Filaments are five, “a thaped, and ereé&.. The Anthere ave ‘funple.ncdxe et chat The Germen is. ovate and beneath. The Style is awl- fhaped, in- curved, and longer than the flamina. fhe Stigma i is acute. The Seed- -veffer i is a drape, ovate and one cell’d. The Seed is a nut, oval, acute, hollowed with longitudinal furrows, angled, and irregular. Obf. The Nyfa. fylvatica is Male and Female on different trees. mide (ioe be The Berit? are, 1, Nyssa’ aquatica: “Cie Aeaid Water r Tapelo | Tree..- This grows naturally in wet fwamps, or near large rivers, in Carolina and Florida; rifing with a {trong upright trunk to the height of eighty or an hundred feet, dividing into many branches towards the top. The leaves are pretty large, of an oval, {pear-fhap- ed form, generally entire, bui fomeciues fomewhat toothed, and covered underneath with a whitifh down: they are joined to long, flender footftalks, and afiixed to the branches in fomewhat of a verti- cillate order, prefenting a beautiful varied foliage. The berries are near the fize and fhape of fmall olives, and are preferved in like manner by the French inhabitants upon the Mifhfhppi, where it greatly abounds, and is called the Olive tree:- The timber is white and foft when unfeafoned, but ent ‘ an (97 ) and compact when dry, which renders it very pros per for making trays, bowls, &c. 2. Nyssa Ogeche. The Ogeche Lime Tree. (Bartram’s Catalogue. ) This is a tree of great fingularity and beauty ; growing naturally in water, in the fouthern ftates, and rifing to the height of about thirty feet. The leaves are oblong, of a deep fhining green on their upper fides, and lightly hoary underneath. The flowers are male and female upon different trees, and are produced upon divided, or many flowered foot- ftalks. ‘The fruit is nearly oval, of a deep red colour, of the fize of a Damafcene Plumb, and of an agree- able acid tafte; from which it is called the Lime- tree. Perhaps this is the multiflora of Welton. 3. Nyssa fylvatica. Upland Tupelo-Tree, or Sour Gun. This grows naturally in Pennfylvania and pethaps elfewhere, rifing with a ftrong upright trunk to the beight of thirty or forty feet, and fometimes of near two feet in diameter; fending off many horizontal, and often depending branches; garnifhed with oval, or rather inverfe egg-fhaped leaves, a little pointed, entire, of a dark green and fhining upper furface, but lighter and a little hairy underneath: thofe of male trees are often narrower and fometimes lance- fhaped. The flowers are produced upon pretty long common footftalks, arifing from the hafe of the young fhoots, and dividing irregularly into feveral parts, generally from fix to ten; each fupporting a {mall flower, having an empalement of fix or feven linear, unequal leaves, and from fix to eight awl- thaped thy ae ) Sd eee fhaped fpreading ftamina, fupporting fhort four lobed Anthere. The female trees have fewer flowers pro- duced upon much longer, fimple, cylindrical foot- ftalks, ‘thickenéd at. the extremity, and fupporting ) generally three flowers, fitting clofe and having a {mall involucrum. ‘They are compofed of five {mall oval leaves, and in the center an awl-fhaped incury- ed ftyle, arifing from the oblong germen, which is beneath, and becomes an oval oblong berry, of a dark purplith colour when ripe. The timber of this tree is clofe grained and curled fo as not to be {plit or parted; and therefore much ufed for hubs of wheels for waggons, carriages, &c. _ : : Bi tel ae The, O.b tN. B+ Te BOR Be Clafs 2. Order 1. Diandria Monogynia. ae Empalement is of one leaf, tubular, and fmall: the bor- der four-toothed, erect and deciduous. The Corolla is one petal’ d, funnel-form. ‘he tube cylindrical, the length of the empalemente The border four-parted and plain: the divifions femi-ovate.. The Filaments two, oppofite, awl-fhaped and fhort. ‘The y.. there erect, | The Germen is roundifh. The Style fimple, very fhort. The Stigmas two-cleft, thickened, the divifions end-nicked. The Seed- veffel a drupe, fomewhat ovate, fmooth, and one cell’ d. The Seed ovate-oblong, and wrinkled, The Species with ae | Ouea americana. American Olive Tree. This grows naturally in Carolina and Florida, and is abeautiful ever-green tree. The leaves are nearly ovate, or fomewhat oblong, perennial, ofa sae | u 4 A go). full green, on their u apes furface, and of a folid confiftence. The fruit of berries are nearly oval, of the fize of a fparrow’s egg, of a beautiful blu ith purple, and covered with a i nebula or ae bad Mre wea eE tee se SYRINGA, or MOCK-ORANGE. Clafs 12) (Order | 1. Teofandria Monogynia. [Tu E Empalemerti is one leaved, four patted, hhatp pointed, and permanent.’ # The Coroila has four welds, rotindith, plane, large and: ‘fpread. ing. Fhe Filaments are twenty, awl-ihaped and the’ length of the calyx. The Anthere are ere and four furrowed’ The Germen is beneath. The Style is thread fort and four- parted. The Stigmas are fimple. ” T he Seed-ve/Jel isa: cap fale, oval, dharp- potheed; past fertoundl “ed by the calyx,’ with four cells, and four valves?! The Seeds are numerous, oblong and fmall. ’ We have, with us, but BRED DEC? Viz. ‘PHILLADEDPHUS inodorus.: Car alinian’ Scent- le/s Syringa. >This is faid to grow naturally in Carolina; rifing with a fhrubby ftalk tothe height of twelve or fifteen feet, fending out oppofite branches, furnifhed with fmooth, entire leaves, fhaped like thofe of the Pear ttec, but {tanding oppofite upon pretty long foot- ftalks. The flowers are pretty large and have large “empalements of four acute-pointed leaves, and four white, oval, fpreading petals, and a great number of ftamina with yellow fummits. © This isimpatient of much cold. si “aw 2) CD ae. ‘( 10e0 ) The; Tt N E- T. R E a ‘Clafs 21, Order 9. Monoecia Blanadiie | cae Male Flowers are difpofed in Racemi or bunches. "he Calyx none but the fcales of the bud, gaping. The Corolla none. The Filaments are numerous and joined beneath in an erett co- lumn, divided at top. The Anthere are erett. * The Female Flowers are in the fame plant. The Calyx is a common, fomewhat ovate, cone,. confifting of Scales, which are two flowered, eblong,. imbricated, rigiy ¥ and permanent. The.Corolla none. The Germen is very {mall. The Style is awl- fhaped: The Syiz- ma fimple.. 1 The Seed-ve/Jel none, but the fcales of the cone. The Seed is.anut, increafed with a membranaceous wing, which is larger, than the feed, but fmaller than the fcale of the cone, oblong, ftraight on one fide and gibbous on the other. The Species, with us, ares 1. Pinus echinata, Three leaved prickly-coned Bafiard Pine. This grows naturally in Virginia... The leaves are long and narrow, fometimes three, at other times but two in each fheath. The cones are long and flender, their fcales terminating in tharp points. 2. Pinus paluftris. Longeft three leaved Marfh OP IME, This grows naturally i in South Carolina, and 1s of a middling growth. The leaves are produced by threes in a fheath and are often ten or twelve inches in. ( wor 7) in length. The cones are long and large, opening and dropping their feeds in the fall. Itis accounted — equal to any for yielding tar, &c. 3. Pinus rigida. . Common three leaved Virgi- i bigs wadieemadknes canny’ oft This grows common in many places throughout — thefe flates, rifing often to the height of fixty or feventy feet, with a large erect trunk, dividing into branches towards the top, and furnifhed with pretty long leaves growing by threes in a fheath. The cones are often produced in clufters round ,the branches, they are about three inches long and have rigid fcales. ‘There are whole Forefts of many hundred acres of thefe trees in fome back parts of the country, of which great quantities of Boards are {awed and floated down fome of our long rivers. 4. Pinus Strobus. New-England, or White ‘ . Pine, This is allowed to out top in growth moft of our other trees, rifing with a large erect trunk, to the height of an hundred feet or more, covered with a fmooth bark and fending -off many long branches. The leaves are long and flender, growing by fives in a fheath, and fet thick onthe branches. The cones are often fix or feven inches in length, and generally bef{meared with turpentine, with which thefe trees much abound. ‘Thecones generally open about the firft*6f September, foon after which the feeds drop out. This alfo grows in great plenty towards the heads of fome of our rivers, from whence great quantities are rafted down, affording excellent matts, yards, fpars, &c. &c. for fhip building. 5. PINus ( 102 ) .. 9 ‘Pinus ‘Tada. Virginian Gt? or Frank- “incence Pime. This grows to a pretty large fige, tite loaned are ve- ry long and ‘narrow and are produced by threes in a fheath. The cones are-pretty:long and large. This 1s ufeful for boards, and for producing turpentine and oat as are = the other Kinds. 6. Pinus virginiana. ¥ wo-leaved Virgin 20M, wi or ‘Ferfey Pine, This ig generally of but low growth, but divided into many branches, .The leaves are broader and fhorter than the other kinds, and of a deeper green colour ; they are produced by twos in each fheath. The cones are {mall, each feale terminating with a prickly point. This is called, in fome places, Spruce Pine. ie LAS, The ET R.: TREE _ PINs Antes Balfamea. . | BS bo o Gilead 5 vel marie’ | Fir-Tree. 20 vhs tree, grows to the height of thirty or forty feet, fending off many’branches, which are thick fet chiefly upon two fides, with {tiff linear leaves, refembling thofe of the Yew. The furface of the, trunkgis al- moft covered with {mall bladders, or rifings in the cuticle of the bark, which are filled with a clear bal- fam or turpentine. _ ‘The cones are pretty large, and fall to pieces in the autumn. 1 #3 7 2, Pinus-Asiges canadenfis... Newfoundland Teese Spruce.’ | bad 3 _ There are faid to be three varieties of this, dif- tinguifhed by the colour of their cones,.into white, red and black; fome of which, fometimes become pretty large trees. The leaves:are {tiff and linear, and flightly channelled on both fides, fmailer than thofe of the Balm of Gilead, and fet equally upon all fides of the branches. The trees make a very good appearance, and of thefe the famous Spruce- beer is brewed. | 3. Prinus-Apies americana. Hemlock Spruce fir-Tree. ; This rifes up with but a flender trunk, fometimes - to. a great height, and ts generally thick fet with fomgwhat horizontal branches. The leaves are fhap- ed much like thofe of the Yew and are ranged upon | two fides of the branches, fo appearing. flat,, like thofe of the European Silver Firs, but are of a pale green on both fides. The cones are very {mall, loofe, and of an oval oblong form. The bark is faid to be good for tanning leather; and with it, our natives dye their fplints for bafkets of a red colour. PINUS-LARIX. The LARCH-TREE 1, Prnus-LARIx rubra. d Me ee Tree, Bape: .. This fhoots up toa confiderable height with a flen- der erect trunk, fending off many flender branches. oT ; The hed American Larch- ( ( 104 ) The leaves are pretty long, linear and foft, coming out in? fafciculi, or fmall bundles fpreading like a painter’s brufh, and are fet: pretty thick «ound the branches. They are of a light green colour and de- -ciduous. The cones are of a fine red colour at their firft appearafice; they are fiall, perhaps three-fourths of an inch long, and half an inch thick, the fcales fmooth, opening early in the fall and dropping their feeds, which wien’ ae and Mis 3F 2. PiInus-LARIX alba. White onevlical Larch- Tree. This a variety of the other, differing very little, except in the cones, being of a greenifh white co- Jour. 3- Pi Nus-LArix nigra. Black American Larch-Tree. , This 1s alfo a variety sak doi in Having danke co- loured cones. PEAT nN NOU SB The *P LA Me eis tok oe Clafs 21. Order 8. Monoecia Polyandria. ee Flowers are Male and Female upon the fame plant. * The Male Flowers are difpofed in a globofe katkin. The Calyx confifts of fome very fmall fegments. The Corolla is fcarce manifeft. The Filaments are oblong, thicker above, and coloured. The Anthere are four cornered, moving round the filaments to the inferior fide. * The Female Flowers are difpofed in a globe. __ The Calyx confifts of many fmall fcales.— ‘ - The Corolla of many petals,’ concave, oblong and clubbed. A le ( 105 ) The Germen are many, difpofed in a globe and ending in awl- _ fhaped Styles, with recurved Stigmas. The Seed-veffel none. But a globofe receptacle. The Seeds are oblong, angular and clubbed, crowned by the permanent ftyle, and with a capillary pappus adhering at the bafe. Obf. I am in doubt with regard to the petals. We have, with us, but one Species, viz. PLaTaNus occidentalis, American Plane-Tree;, or Large Button Wood, : This grows common by creeks and river fides in many parts of America. It is of quick growth, and often becomes a large tree of fixty or feventy feet in height and above three feet in diameter, fending off but few long, diverging branches, which toge- ther with the upper part of the trunk, are generally covered with a fmoothifh bark, annually, or often Acenewed, and falling off in thin plates or fcales. The ieaves are broad, and cut into angles, or lobed ; having feveral acute indentures on their borders, of a light green on their upper fide, but paler, and a little wooly underneath; with long footftalks, and placed alternately. The flowers are produced in round pendulous balls, of near an inch in diameter, upon very long footftalks. ‘This is fometimes fawed into boards, and has been much ufed of late by our catd-makers, for card-boards or backs. POPULUS. . The POPLAR-TREE. Clafs 22. Order 7. Divecia Octandria. “THE Flowers “av¢ Male and Female on different Plants. ~*The Male. O The ( 0b The Calyx is a common katkin, oblong, loofely imbricated, and cylindrical; compofed of Scales which are one flowered, ob- long, and plane, with the margin torn. The Corolla none, but ; | A Neftarium of one leaf, top fhaped and tubulous beneath, but oblique and terminating in an oval border above. The Filaments are eight, very fhort. The Anthere are four- cornered and large. * Vhe Female. ‘ The Katkin, Scales, and Neétaria, are like the Male. ‘The Germen is ovate-tharp pointed. The Style is fcarce mani- feft. The Stigma is four cleft. The Seed-veffels are ovate capfules, two cell’d and two valv’d: the valves reflexed. The Seeds are numerous and ovate, with a volatile capillary pappus. The Species, with us, are, i. Popuuus deltoide. White Poplar, or Cotton Tree of Carolina, (Bartram’s Catalogue.) This becomes a tall tree, with a large erect trunk, covered with a white, fmoothifh bark, refembling that of the Afpentree. The leaves are large, gene- rally nearly triangular, toothed or indented with fharp and deep ferratures, of a fhining full green on their upper furface, but fomewhat lighter or hoary underneath; ftanding upon long flender foot- ftalks, and generally reftlefs or in motion. The timber is white, firm, and elaftic, principally ufed for fence rails. It grows naturally upon rich low lands, on the banks of large rivers in Carolina and Florida. | 2, PopULUS (7407 =) 2, Popuuus heterophylla. Virginian Poplar- oe PRES |i) v wh _ This becomes a pretty large tree, the branches of which are nerved, appearing as if quadrangular. The leaves are large and. varioufly fhaped, fome roundifh, others heart-form, flightly fawed on their edges and downy at their firft appearance. 3. Popuuus nigra. lack Poplar. This is not of very large growth, but covered with a darkifh rough bark. The leaves are fome- what triangular, pretty long pointed, flightly and _ obtufely fawed on their edges, {tanding upon pretty long footftalks, fmooth and of a bright green on their upper furface, but. lighter and a little downy under- neath. 4. Poputus tremula. American Afpen-Tree. This grows frequently to the height of about thirty feet, covered with a fmooth whitith bark. The leaves are fmall, {mooth on both fides, of a dark green colour above, but lighter underneath; roundifh, and a little pointed, or forming nearly an equilateral fpherical triangle; flighty crenated, a lit- tle waved on their edges, and trimmed with a very narrow hairy border. ‘Their footftalks are pretty long, roundifh at the bafe, but compreffed on their fides towards the bafe of the leaves. The katkins are large appearing early in the fpring. 5. PoruLus balfamifera. Balfam, or Tacamahac- et aan Tree. | v0 This is a tree of but middling growth, covered _ with a light brown bark. The leaves are large, | ; fomewhat Sal ( 108 ) fomewhat heart-fhaped, lightly toothed, or crenated on their edges, of a dark green on their upper furface but lighter underneath. The buds abound with a glutinous refin, which is the tacamahacca of the fhops. 6. Poputvs balfamifera lanceolata. Lance-leaved Balfam Tree. This is a variety of the laft kind, of a {mall and very flow growth. The leaves are fpear-fhape, of a bright green above, but whitifh and variegated with brownith veins beneath, with a few, fcarce obfervable, ferratures on their edges, and joined to fhort, chan- nelled, and often fomewhat reddifh footftalks. AT STP i! OR Fame, tee ae Phare SHRUB CINQUEFOIL. ~Clafs 12. Order 5. Icofandria Polygynia. HE Empalement is of one leaf, planifh, and half five cleft. the alternate divifions are lefs and reflexed. The Corolla has five petals, roundifh, fpreading, and inferted by claws in the calyx. | ; ‘The Filaments are twenty, awl-ihaped, fhorter than the corolla, and inferted in the calyx. The Anthere are elongate-moon- thaped. The Germen are numerous, very {mall and collected in a little head. ‘The Styles are thread-form, the length of the ftamina, and inferted in the fides of thegermen. ‘The Stigmas are ob- tufe. The Seed-ve/Jel none, but a common receptacle, which is round- ith, juicelefs, very fmall, permanent, covered with feeds and included in the calyx. The Seeds are numerous and fharp pointed. We have but one Species, viz PoTEN- r “109 ) PoTENTILLAa fruticofa americana. American Sbrubby Cinqueforl. _ This is a fmall fhrub, feldom rifing above two feet high, and fpreading into many branches. The leaves are {mall and thick fet upon the branches, they are winged, and compofed, generally, of five fmall, oblong hairy lobes, reflexed on their edges and ftand- ing together. ‘The flowers are produced pretty thick on the branches, of a yellow colour, and are fucceeded by {mall heads of pointed feeds. PRIN OS. The WINTER-BERRYY. Clafs 6. Order 1. Hexandria Monogynia. SQ Empalement is one leaved, plane, half-fix-cleft, very fmall, and permanent. ‘The Corolla has one petal, wheel-fhaped. The tube none. The border is fix parted and plane: the divifions ovate. The Filaments are fix, awl-thaped, ereét and fhorter than the corolla. The Anthere aye oblong and obtufe. The Germen is ovate, ending in a Style fhorter than the flamina, with an obtufe Stigma. The Seed-veffel is aroundifh berry, with fix cells; and far larg- er than the calyx. : | The Seeds are folitary, bony, obtufe, convex on one fide and angled on. the other. . Obj. Sometimes a fixth part of the number is excluded. There are two Species of this Shrub, viz. 1. PRiNos glaber. Evergreen Winter-Berry, This grows in feveral parts of North America, | rifing up with flender fhrubby flalks to the height of fix or eight feet, dividing into branches, which are garnifhed { Yan0'4} garnifhed with fmall, evergreen, oblong, fmooth leaves, of a thick confiftence, with a few flight fer- ratures towards their points, and placed alternate, upon fhortifh footftalks. The flowers are produced from the bofom of the leaves upon fhort footftalks ; and are fucceeded by {mall roundith berries, of a black colour when ripe. | 2. Prinos verticillatus. Virginian Winter- | ney . DOERTY. This grows naturally in moift places, by ftreams of water; generally fending up feveral flender {talks to the height of eight or ten feet, dividing into a few branches towards the top. The leaves are lance- thaped, fharp pointed, and acutely fawed on their edges; having fhort flender footltalks, and placed alternately..» The flowers come out at the bofom of the leaves in {mall Corymbi or Clufters; of an her- baceous colour. They are fucceeded by roundith berries of.a red colour when ripe, and remaining long on the branches, almoft furrounding them in places and fomewhar refembling a whorl. Note, The inner bark of this fhrub is very good to make poultices of for ripening tumors. PRUN US. ‘The PLUMB-TREE Clafs 12. Order 1. Icofandria Monogynia. HE Empalement is one leaved, bell-thaped, five cleft, and _ deciduous; the divifions are obtufe and concave. The Corolla has five petals, roundith, concave, large, fpread- ing, and inferted by claws in the éalyx. : The Filaments are from twenty to thirty, awl-fhaped, near the length of the corolla, and inferted in the calyx. The Anthere “are twin and fhort. | ‘ | The c Sit 2 The Germen is roundith. The Style is thread-form and the length of the ftamina. The Stigma is orbiculate. The Seed-veffel is aroundifh drupe. The Seed is a nut, roundifh and compreffed. _ The Species, with us, are, 1. Prunus americana. Large Yellow Sweet Plumb. This generally rifes to the height of twelve or fif- teen feet, fpreading into many {tiff branches. ‘The leaves are oblong, oval, acute pointed, fharply faw- ed on their edges and much veined. ‘The flowers generally come out very thick round the branches, often upon thick fhort {purs; and are fucceeded by — large oval fruit, with a fweet fucculent pulp. We have a great variety of thefe, growing naturally in © a good, moift foil, with reddith,and yellowith fruit, but differing much in fize, tafte, and confiftence. 2. Prunus anguttifolia. Chicafaw Plumb. This is fcarcely of fo large a growth as the former} but rifing with a ftiff fhrubby ftalk, dividing into many branches, which are garnifhed with fmooth lance-fhaped leaves, much fmaller and narrower than the firft kind; a little waved on their edges, mark- ed with very fine, flight, coloured ferratures, and of an equal, fhining green colour, on both fides. The blofloms generally come out very thick, and are fucceeded by oval, or often fomewhat egg-fhap- ed fruit, with a very thin fkin, and foft {weet pulp. There are varieties of this with yellow and crimfon coloured fruit. Thefe being natives of the fouthern flates, are fomewhat impatient of much cold. 3. PRuNus (apa) 3, Prunus mifliffippi. Crimfon Plumb. This grows naturally upon the Miffiffippi, and is of larger fize than moft of the other kinds. The _ fruit are crimfon coloured, and fomewhat acid. 4. Prunus maritima. Sea fide Plumb. This grows naturally towards the fea coaft, rifing to the height of eight or ten feet, often leaning, and {preading into many branches. ‘The leaves are ob- long, rather fmaller and not fo pointed as thofe of the common plumb; f{mooth and of a fhining green on the upper fide, but fomething lighter underneath, and flightly fawed on the edges. This is generally well filled with flowers, a few of which are fucceed- ed by fmall, roundifh fruit. — 5. Prunus declinata. Dwarf Plumb. This is of a {mall dwarfifh growth, feldom rifing above four or five feet high, but frequently bearing fruit at the height of two or three; which is {mall, and almoft black when ripe. To this Genus alfa belongs CERAS US. The CHERRY-TREE. Of which our Species are, 1. Prunus-Cerasus virginiana. Virginian Bird- Cherry-Tree. This grows naturally in a rich moift foil, often to the height of forty feet or more, with a trunk of eighteen oe eighteen or twenty inches in diameter, generally re- taining its thicknefs a confiderable height, and branching out towards the top. ‘The leaves are lance-fhaped, or long, narrow, pointed, and fawed on their edges. The flowers are produced in bunches, generally pretty thick fet on the branches ; they are of a white colour, and are fucceeded by {mall fruit, of a purplifh colour when ripe, and of adifagreeable, bitter tafte, but greedily devoured by the birds. , The timber is of a reddifh ftreaked colour, capa- “ble of receiving a fine polifh; and is frequently faw- ed into boards, and ufed by joiners, cabinent-mak- ers, &c. for many purpofes. 2. Prunus-Cerasus canadenfis. Canadian, or Dwarf Bird-Cherry-Tree. This is a {mall kind, growing to the height of fix or eight feet, and dividing Hey Meshal which are furnifhed with broader and fhorter leaves, fomewhat refembling thofe of the Apple, or Crab-tree, but {maller. The flowers are produced in a racemus, or bunch, compofed of more footftalks than the Virginian kind; and are fucceeded by fruit of near the fame colour and fize, not of fo bitter a tafte, but greatly corrugating the mouth and throat, fo as to obtain the name of Choak-Cherry. 3. Prunus-Cerasus montana. Mountain Bird-Cher- ry-Tree. This grows naturally upon the mountains in the back parts of Pennfylvania; rifing up with a flender ftem to the height of twelve or fifteen feet, and di- viding ito a few very flender branches,’ furnifhed ‘with leaves refembling the firft, or Virginian kind. ; P . The ( 114 } } The fruit is hkewife produced in the fame manner, but is fmaller, of a red colour, and an extremely acid tafte. And alfo to the Genus Prunus, belongs, ~*~ LAURO-CERASUS. The LAUREL-TREE. Of which we have but one Species, Viz. Prounus-Lauro-Cerasus ferratifolia. Carolinian ; Evergreen Bay-tree. This is a beautiful evergreen fhrub, but of fmall growth; fpreading with lateral branches, on every fide and covered with a brown bark. The leaves are fpear-fhaped, above two inches long and three quarters of aninch or more in breadth, with a few fharp ferratures on their edges, ftanding alternately on very fhort footftalks, of a thick confiftence, and fhining green colour, continuing their verdure all the year. The flowers are generally very numerous, perfectly white, and are fucceeded by roundifh fruit of the fize of a middling cherry, of a black colour when ripe. ‘This is anative of South Carolina, and other fouthern Dtates. PT eae, ey PTE LE A. Clafs 4. Order 1. Tetrandria Monogynia. : ‘PRE Empalement is five-parted, acute, and fmall. The Corolla has four petals, ovate-lanced, plane, fpread- ing, larger than the calyx, and coriaceous. The ( 115 ) The Filaments are four, awl-thaped. The Anthere are roundith. The Germen is orbiculate and comprefled. ‘The Style is thort. The Stigmas are two, a little obtufe. The Seed-veffel is a roundith, perpendicular membrane, in the center two cell’d. | The Seed is one, obtufe, and leffened at the bafe. Obf. The Petals and ftamina, alfo the divifi ions of the calyx; have ony one added to their number. We have, with us, but one Species, viz. PTELEA trifoliata. Carolan Shrub-Trefotl. This rifes with an upright woody ftem, to the height of ten or twelve feet, dividing into many branches, covered with a {mooth greyifh bark. The leaves are trifoliate, or compofed of three oval, fpear-fhaped lobes, of a bright green on their upper fide, but paler underneath, and inferted together at the end of a pretty long footftalk. The flowers ter- minate the branches in a kind of umbel, or large branching heads, of a whitifh herbateous colour 3 and are fucceeded by roundifh, flat, bordered cap- fules, fomewhat refembling thofe of the Elm, each containing two feeds. BY Rie buA: WINTER-GREEN. Clafs 10, Order 1. Decandria Monogynia. HE Empalement is five-parted, fmall, and permanent. The Corella is compofed of five petals, which are round- ith, concave, and fpreading. The Filaments are ten, awl-fhaped, fhorter than the corolla. The Anthere are nodding, large, and two-horned upward. The Piftillum has a roundith, angular Germen; a filiform, per- manent Style, longer than the ftamina; and a thickith hot 1@ i (306) The Pericarpium, or Seed-veffel, is a roundith, depreffed, pen- tagonal Capfule, with five cells, gaping at the angles. The Seeds are numerous and chaffy. © Be Ob/. The Stamina and ftyle differ fometimes in fituation. The Species, with us, are, i, PyRo“a maculata. Spotted Pyrola. This is a fmall plant, feldom rifing above four or five inches high, with flender ligneous ftalks. The leaves are ever-green, oblong and pointed, of a thick confiftence, with a few fharp ferratures on their edges; {mooth and of a dark green on their upper fides, but marked with a broad, branching, longi- tudinal vein or ftreak, of a whitifh or paler colour; and fomewhat reddifh underneath. There are gene- rally three or four of thefe placed at the top of the {tem fomewhat horizontally, and fometimes fmaller ones beneath, fet by threes. The flowers are likes wife produced at the top upon a pretty long, (nod- ding at firft, but afterwards erect) divided footftalk, often fuftaining two or three white flowers, which are fucceeded by roundifh, deprefled capfules, filled with fmall feeds. 2. Pyroua rotundifolia. Round leaved Pyrola. This is of fmaller growth than the former, hav- ing about three or four roundifh leaves, rifing from the root, with pretty long three fided footftalks, channelled above. Thefe often become pretty large and a little waved on their edges, they are of a light green, and fcarcely perennial. The flowers are pro- duced upon a radical triangular footftalk, of four or five inches in length, in form of a racemus or bunch, - fupporting five or fix white flowers, which are fuc- ceeded by {mall, round, deprefled capfules. 3. PYRoLa e877 2. lager umbellata. Umbellated Pyroia. This gTOWS ‘commonly to the figiaht of five or fix : inches, generally fet pretty thick with leaves, which are wedge-fhaped or narrowelt towards the bafe, {mooth, of a fhining green, and relly fawed on their edges. ‘The flowers terminate the ftalks on a pretty long divided tootftalk, in a kind of little um- bel, which is nodding at tirft but becomes erect, fup- porting five or fix round, pentagonal, deprefled cap- fules, filled with {mall feeds. A decoéton or infufion of this, has been ufed with confiderable fuccefs as a fubftitute for the Peru- vian bark. The roots are faid to give eafe in the tooth ach. ‘This kind is called by the Indians Phip- fe/awa. BY te, Pix (RU,S: The PEAR-TREE. Clafs 12. Order 4. Icofandria Pentagynia. ‘THE Empalement is of one leaf, concave, half five-cleft, and permanent; the fegments fpreading. The Corolla has five roundifh, concave, large petals, inferted in the empalement. \ The Filaments are twenty, awl-ihaped, thorter than the corolla, and inferted in the empalement. The Anthere fimple. | The Germen is beneath. ‘the Styles five, thread-form, the length of the ftamina. The Stigmas fimple. The Seed. vefJel a pome, roundith, umbilicated and flethy, with five membranaceous cells. The Seeds a few, oblong, obtufe, fharpened at the bafe, con- vex on one fide and plane on the other. To this Genus belongs MALUS. ( rab ) MALU §, Th APPLE-TREE, Of which we have one Species, viz. Pyrus-Matus coronaria. Virginian fweet-fcented Crab-Tree. ae This often grows to the height of twelve or fifteen feet, dividing into many ftiif branches, fet pretty thick with fhort {tiff fpurs. The leaves are fomewhat like thofe of the Apple-tree, but often toothed, or largely and irregularly fawed on their edges. The flowers generally come out thick upon the branches, upon pretty long dividing footitalks; they are pretty large, of a beautiful blufh colour, and fragrant odour at their firft appearance. ‘The fruit is {mall, hard, roundifh, umbilicated, and extremely acid. It “ts frequently ufed for conferves, &c. There is faid to be a variety of this in Carolina with evergeen leaves, though I have never feen it. OUR Ga Ther: OO Ack ula RY a ae Clafs 21, Order 8. Monoecia Polyandria. Ma Ut Male Flowers are difpofed in a loofe katkin. The Empalement is of one leaf,- four or five-parted; the divifions are acute and often bifid. They have no Corolla. “at The Filaments are feveral, very thort. The Anthere large and double. *The Female are in clofe buds, on the fame plant with the Male. The Perianthium is of one leaf, coriaceous, hemifpherical, rough, and entire, {carce manifeft in the flower. | There ( 119) There is no Corolla. The Germen is egg- thaped and finall. The Style fimple, five- cleft and longer than the empalement. Lhe Stigmas are fimple and permanent. | | There is no Seed-veffel, but an oval, columnar, fmooth nut, fhaved at the bafe and affixed in 1 the thort calyx. The Species and Natieues with us, are many, which, I think, may be divided in the La MANNEF y into * Quercus 7 White Oak. 1, QueRcus alba. Pini American White Oak. _ This grows very common, and with age arrives to — the fize of a large tree of feventy or eighty feet in height, and of three, four, five, or more feet in diameter; dividing into many large branches, and covered with a whitith fealy bark. The leaves are narrowed towards the bafe, but fpreading and deeply finuated obliquely, towards the ends; the finufes ob- -tufe, the angles, or productions unequal in length, entire and obtufe. They are of a glaucous, or light green underneath and have very fhort footftalks. The acorns are middling fized, fitting in {mall fhal- low cups. ‘There are fome varieties of this, differing in the hardnefs and toughnefs of the timber, and fomewhat in their acorns or fruit. It affords a hae: tough, ufeful and valuable timber, which is hewed into beams, &c. for frame buildings; fawed into plank, &c. for fhip building; and applied to various other ufeful purpofes. Our fwine are often wholly fatted upon the feveral kinds of acorns, but for thefe and Chefnut Oak they feek moft diligently. 2, QUERCUS { eo) 2. Quercus alba minor. Barren White Oak. This grows generally upon poor, barren, or wafte land, rifing perhaps to the height of thirty or forty feet, covered with fcaly greyifh bark. The leaves are fomewhat rough, but of a fhining green above, fomewhat paler underneath; they are finuated deep- ly, moft obtufely, and irregularly; the lobes or pro- duétions (if I may be allowed the expreffion) are obtufe, often fomewhat angular, and very irregular. ‘The acorns are {mall and {triped. ‘The timber is ac- counted very durable for pofts, to fet in the earth; - otherwife not much efteemed unlefs for fuel. 3. Quercus alba paluftris. Swamp White Oak. - This becomes a pretty large fpreading tree, of two or three feet in diarmeter and of proportionable height. The bark is often rougher or more furrowed than the other kinds, and greyifh coloured. The leaves are fomewhat wedge-fhaped or narrowed towards the bafe, and toothed on their edges and extremities. _.'The acorns are larger and rounder than thofe of the common White Oak, and have larger and thicker cups, fupported often by pairs upon a long, {trong footftalk. rene me se ** Quercus nigra. Black Oak. 4. Quercus nigra. Common Penn/ylvanian Black | Oak. This grows to the height of fixty or feventy teet, and to three or four feet in diameter, with large | fpreading branches. ‘The leaves are large, {pread- — ing, and fomewhat woolly; their footitalks longer than thofe of the White Oak. They are irregular- | by { 423) ly. and, fometimes. pretty deeply finuated, the angles or. productions unequal, Renscaly’ obtufe, yet with their veins extending i in a briftly point. The acorns are roundifh and not large, fitting in thick fcaly cups. There is, I think, a variety of this of much {maller growth, with larger leaves and differing fomewhat in the fruit. Our common Black Oak is ufed much (where Cedar .is.- FARR | for making PON ete: and alle; for i saedh &c. SOS aa ; achae se UE RCUS: nigra digitata. a inger-learved Que toot Black, Oak, : This’ grows’ naturally in low oo rif to rip height of thirty or forty feet, with a trunk:ofcon- fiderable thicknefs, covered with a rough blackith bark. The leaves are finuated,::or divided towards their extremities into two or three pretty long, fome- what. finger-fhaped lobes, of unequal length, with others fhorter, fometimes at the fides; all of which end in a briftly point.» The acorns are fmall, but ‘the: cups: pretty large. 9 Da bytdnas ao yanavek 6, Quakers nigra eifia! Maryland’ Black 4 Oak | Eis disie: naturally i in Mipeslon and other low Jands, , with-a trunk of eighteen inches, or two feet invdiameter; and; thirty or forty feet in height. The leaves are wedge-fhaped, or narrowed towards the bafe, and three-pointed, with briftly terminations. ‘Yhe acorns,and cups refemble the laft mentioned. 7, QUERCUS nigra integrifolia. Lintire-leaved Het Black Oak.’ . This grows about the fize of the other low-land Black Oak,-and is of the fame appearance, except Q- the ( 32> ) the leaves being fomewhat iniverfe’eppthaped, ‘and often @ little notched or indented’ on ‘each fide to- wards the extremity. _ RTA CLERC: YE 8. Quercus nigra pumila, Dwarf Black ie "Oak, i This grows ‘naturally upon ‘poor barren ridges, rifing to the height of five or fix feet, with a crook- ed, branching ftem. ‘The leaves are about three pointed, much refembling thofe ‘of the Maryland Black Oak. ‘The ‘acorns ‘are fmall, and ftand in {mall fhallow cups. .. This, I believe, is of little ufe or beauty. | : *** Quercus crubra. Red Oak, 'g. QueRCcus rubrta maxima. Largeft Red Oak. This often becomes ‘a large'tree, of the height of feventy or eighty feet and of four, five, or fometimes fix feet in diameter; retaining its thicknefs to a con- fiderable height, and -without lateral branches, but fpreading at the top. The leaves are large, obtufe- ly and but lightly finuated, the angles acute, each often terminating with feveral acute, briftly points. ‘The acorns are large and’fomewhat conical, fitting in broad fhallow cups. ‘The timber is ufed'for ftaves, . fhingles, rails, &c. ro. QuERCcUs rubra ramofiflima. Water Red Oak. This: grows moft naturally by creek fides, or in low wet places, rifing to the height of a pretty large tree; generally thick fet with flender lateral branches, and covered with fomewhat fmooth, greyifh colour- ed bark. ‘The leaves are {mall, sets i carlo y ( 123 :) ly finuated, pretty uniformly, almoit to the midrib; the angles or lobes are narrow, acute, and unequal, each terminating with feveral briftly points. The acorns and cups are {mall. This is generally known by the name of Water or Low Land Spanifh Oak. The buts of thefe trees are often ufed for rimming of carriage wheels, &c. 14, QuERcUs rubra montana. Upland Red LB ia Oak, : This grows naturally upon higher and poorer land than the others, often attaining to filty or fixty feet in height. The bark is fomewhat rough and light- ifh coloured. The leaves are deeply and obtufely finuated, fomewhat regularly; the angles fomewhat bitrifid, or ending in feveral acute, briftly points; their footftalks are pretty long. The acorns and cups are middling fized. ‘The timber is generally worm eaten, or rotten at heart, therefore of little efteem. It is likewife commonly known by the mame of Spanifh Oak; and, I think, has fome va- rieties differing in the fize of their fruit and leaves. 12. QueRcus rubra nana. Dwarf Barren Oak. | This grows naturally upon dry barren ridges, and is found from five to ten feet high, generally grow- ing very crooked. The leaves are fmaller, but fome- what refemble thofe laft defcribed. The acorns and _ cups are {mall, the acorns red at the bafe and ftrip- ed wlien taken firft from their cups. It is called barren from its place of growth, but is generally al- moft covered with fruit, fitting very clofe on all fides of the branches, **** Quercus eee) TT) Quercus Phellos. Willew-leaved Oak. he sieinees Phellos dhipeiftifolia. ae | : Willow-leaved Oak. pe ae This grows eistaralby in low lands, xa’ to fe height of fifty or fixty feet, with a trunk of confi- derable fize. The leaves are entire, fmooth, oblong, and lance-fhaped, of about three inches in length and half an inch in breadth, and have very fhort footftalks. The acorns and cups are {mall. ~The timber is found and good. 14. Quercus Phellos latifolia: Broad Willow leaved Oak. This tree very mnel refembles die other in every refpect, except in having leaves of about double the width; and broader but perhaps roe cups and acorns. 15. Quame US Phellos fempervirens. Lver- green Willow-leaved Oak. This grows naturally in Carolina, bicolin a pretty large tree, of the height of forty feet or more. The leaves are perennial, entire, fomewhat oval, {pear-fhaped, of a dark green colour and thick con- fiftence. The acorns are f{mall, oblong, fitting in fhort cups, and containing a very {weet kernel. The timber is hard, tough and coarle Bike whe ¢**** Quercus eS ***** Quercus Prinus. Chefnut-leaved Oak. 16. QUERCUS Prinus. ; Chefaut heaved Oak. This grows naturally upon a light gravelly foil, frequently to forty feet or more in height, and above two feet in diameter; covered with a furrowed, lightifh coloured bark. The leaves are f{omewhat oval and uniformly crenated on their edges, or ra- ' ther fometimes obtufely toothed. ‘The acorns are {mooth and large, greenifh coloured and fitting in _ fhallow fpreading cups. The timber fomewhat ap- proaches towards that of Chefnut in SPEC a but affords very goed fuel, rails, &c. Quercus Prinus humilis. Dwarf Che/- “nut or Chinguepin Oak. This generally rifes with feveral fhrubby, tice ing ftalks, to the height of two or three feet. The leaves are fomewhat wedge-fhaped and toothed, or flightly and obliquely finuated. ‘The acorns ‘and cups pretty much refemble thofe of the large kind, but are confiderably {maller. It may not be improper here to make fome re- marks with refpect to cutting, or felling of timber. Long experience, I think, hath fufficiently afcertain- ed, that timber cut dan in the {pring of the year, when full of fap, andthe leaves fully, expanded ; | and alfo in the third or laft quarter of the moon’s age; is much more: durable than when cut at any other time. Timber when full of fap and vigour, in all probability, contains alfo more oily particles, which, in proportion as they abound, are known to add to its durability. With regard to the influence of the moon, it may probably be accounted a fuper- | : Litious (, a6 ©) {titious or whimfical fancy, but that it materially af- fects timber is a fact well known to thofe who ftrip, or peel bark for the ufe of tanners; and when ac- counted for in one cafe, may probably throw fome light upon the other. _ But further, it is alfo a fact well known, that timber, whofe bark has been fuffi- ciently feparated and peeled round at the but, in or- der for deading, as it is termed; if done in the de- creafe of the moon, retains its greennefs often a con- fiderable time; but if in the increafe, withers in a much fhorter time. From hence, I think, we may conclude, that the fap or juice of trees, has a kind of monthly circulation, or revolution; afcending in the moon's decreafe, but defcending in the increafe. However, be this as it may, the falling of timber in the different phafis of the moon, is confidently af- ferted, from experience, to materially affect its du- rability. RHODODENDRUM. DWARF ROSE-BAY. Clafs 10, Order 1. Decandria Monogynia. "THE Empalement is of one leaf, five parted and permanent. The Corolla of one leaf, wheel-funnelled : the border fpread- ing: the divifions rounded, The Filaments ten, thread-form, almoft the length of the co- rolla, and declined. The Anthere oval. The Germen five cornered, retufe. The Style thread-form, the length of the corolla. The Stigma obtufe. ? The Seed-vefjel ovate, angled, five cell’d. - "The Seeds numerous and fmall. We have, with us, but one Species, viz. RHoDO- 2 :<« —— ( 127 ) RHODODENDRUM maximum. Penn/ylvanian | Mountain Laurel, This grows to the height of about fix or eight feet, often with feveral ftems from the fame root. - The Jeaves are oblong and entire, generally about four or five inches in length and one¢ and a half or near two in breadth: ofa thick confiftence, and - fhining dark green on the upper fide but lighter un- derneath, continuing. their verdure all the year. The flowers are pretty large ‘and of a'pale rofe co- lour, ‘ftudded with fpots of a deeper red, having their tubes’a little bent. ‘They ‘are produced at the extremity of the former year’s fhoots, in roundifh clufters, making’ a beautiful appearance. This is ~-much and ‘defervedly ‘efteemed as a very beautiful, evergreen, flowering fhrub. © : RHU Su SUM A C H. Clafs.5. Order 3. Pentandria Trigynia. ee Empalement is five-parted, beneath, erett, and perma- ~ nent. i : The Corolla of five petals, ovate and a little fpreading. The Filaments are five, very thort. Lhe Anthere {mall, thort. er than the corolla. _ | The Germen above, roundifh, and the fize of the corolla. The Styles fcarce any. The Stigmas three, hearted, fimall. The Seed-vefJel'a berry, roundith, and of one cell. The Seed one, roundith, bony. ~ Ob/. The Toxicodendron has fmooth, ftriated berries: the kernel compreffed and furrowed. The Vernix is male and female upon different plants: The Glabrum (and perhaps fome others) is female and her- ‘maphrodite on-different plants.. The { 28 ). oh DusPhe Species: eeith: asj* arey % 1,RHvsCopallinum. Lentifcus-leaved Sumach. This, grows to the height of fix, eight, or fome- — times ten feet, dividing into flender.branches, and — covered with, fpeckled bark.’ The leaves. are, wing- ed, and compofed of four or five. pair.of narrow, entire lobes, terminated, by an odd one; joined toa common foot{talk;..with decurrent,; leaffy expanfi- ons. between each pair of lobes. . The. flowers are produced in loofe, compound panicles,, of an her- baceous. colour, and are fucceeded by reddifh- feeds, fprinkled with a greyifh pounce. This grows natu- rally in a flaty, gravelly:foil... The berries are very acid... There. are fome. varieties of this, much re- fembling it but of fmaller growth,. and with, redder berrics. 2. RHus glabrum. Smooth Pennfy/vanian Su- | » mach. i This grows naturally in feveral of the northern States, rifing tothe height of fix or eight feet,’ di- viding in a few thick, pithy and fomewhat angled branches; covered with a {mooth bark. The leaves are large and winged, compofed of eight, nine,-or ten pair of lobes, and'an odd one; oblong, point- ed and fawed on their edges; of a pretty deep green on their upper fides,, but much lighter underneath and changing reddifh.in autumn. ,,.The flowers are hermaphrodite and female on. feparate plants, and are produced in large,’ erect, compounded panicles, or thyrfi,, terminating the branches; of an herbace- ous colour; the hermaphrodite of which are largeft and barren, but the femalesare fucceeded; by feeds with a red meally covering, of an acid tafte. a ? | HUS mM 429 %) | Raus glabrum carolinenfe. Carolinian Scarlet-flower- ing Sumach. This is a variety of the laft defcribed, but differ- ing in having fcarlet flowers. Ruus glabrum canadenfe. Canadian Red-flowering Sumach. This is alfo a variety of the fame, growing natu- rally in Canada, with red flowers. 3. Rous typhinum. Stag’s-horn Sumach. This grows naturally in Virginia and Pennfylva- nia, often rifing to the height of twelve or fifteen feet, with a trunk of fix or eight inches in diame- ter; dividing at the top into feveral branches; which, when young, are covered with a foft, velvet-like down, refembling that of a young ftag’s horn, both in colour and texture. The leaves are compofed of dix or feven pair of oblong lobes, terminated by an odd one, ending in acute points, and together with the midrib, a little hairy underneath. The flowers are produced in a clofe, ere€t panicle or thyrfus, terminating the branches; they are of an herbace- ous colour and are fucceeded by feeds enclofed in a purple, woolly, fucculent covering; making a fine appearance in the autumn, 4. Ruus canadenfe. Canadian trifoliate Su- mach, This grows naturally in Canada, and perhaps the northern parts of Pennfylvania. The ftems are flen- der, rifing to the height of fix or eight feet, and eqvered with a brown bark. ‘The leaves are com- pofed ( i309) pofed of three lobes, ' Reiacethialy egg-fhaped and joined to a common footftalk. The flowers are male and female on different plants. Io this Genusts alfo added, TOXICODENDRON. The POISON-TREE. Of which we have, 1, RHvs-ToxICODENDRON Vernix. Varnifb- Tree, or Powfon Afb. This rifes with a pretty ftrong, ereét ftem, to the height of twelve or fourteen feet; dividing towards the top into feveral branches. The leaves are wing- ed, and compofed of three or four pair of lobes, ‘terminated by an odd one; which are for the moft part oval, fpear-fhaped, {mooth, and of a lucid green on their upper fide, but paler and a little hairy un- derneath; their footftalks changing of a purple co- lour in autumn. ‘The male and female flowers are produced upon different trees, and are difpofed in loofe panicles, coming out from the bofom of the leaves; of an herbaceous colour. The female are fucceeded by fmall, roundifh feeds, of a lightifh co- lour when ripe. This is allowed to be the fame with the true Varnifh-tree of Japan; where it 1s col- | lected in great quantities, by making incifions in the trees and placing veflels underneath to receive the milky juice, which hardens and becomes the true varniih; much ufed in various kinds of curious workmanthip. This, in all probability, might be collected here equal in quality with that of Japan and to confiderable shew 9 di This tree ought to fe 4 ~~ (33 4) be handled with caution, | as it is.very, pavlonas to many people. | 2, Ruus-ToxicoDENDRON toxicodendrum. Poifon-Oak. This has ; alow, fhrubby ftalk, feldom. ring above three or four feet. The leaves are trifoliate, with pretty long footftalks, the lobes are entire, fmooth and fomewhat heart-fhaped. The flowers come out from the fides of the f{talks, m loofe panicles of an herbaceous colour; fmall, and not always herma- phrodite. They are fucceeded by roundifh, chan- nelled, {mooth berries, of a _yellowith grey colour when ripe. 3. Ruus-ToxICcoDENDRON radicans, Poz/on- | Vine. This lie with many fhrubby climing ftems, at- taching themfelves to every neighbouring fupport; and often rifing to the height of twenty or thirty feet, with a {tem of two or three inches 1m diameter; fending off many branches. ‘The leaves are trifoli- ate, and have pretty long footftalks: the lobes are fomewhat oval and pointed, often fomewhat toothed. The flowers are produced in fhort panicles from the fides of the branches, and are fucceeded by round. ifh berries, of a brownifh colour when ripe. Rul Bs Bd. The CURRANT-BUSH. Clafs 5. Oiler 1, Pentandria Monogynia. Bie E Empalement is of one leaf, part five-cleft and bellied: the divifi lons oblong, concave, coloured, reflexed and permanent, The ( 132 ) The Cordlla is of five petals, fmalt, obtufe and erect, adjoined to the margin of the empalement. The Filaments are five, awl-thaped, ereé bd inferted in the calyx. ‘!he Anthere are incumbent, compreffed, and gap- ing at the margin. The Germen roundith and beneath. The Style bifid. The Stig- mas obtufe. ’ The Seed-veffel a berry, globous, umbilicated and of one cell, with two receptacles, lateral, oppofite and longitudinal. — The Seeds many, roundith, and fomewhat compreffed. The Species, with us, ares * Ribefia inermia. Currant-Trees. 1. Ripes nigrum pennfylvanicum. Penn/yl- vanian Black Currants. This grows to the height of the common cultivat- ed Currant, but the ftalks are generally more flen- der and covered with a darkith, fmooth bark. The leaves have the fame refemblance but are fmaller. The flowers grow in loofe bunches, and are fucceed- ed by oblong, black fruit when ripe. “pd Groflularize aculeats. Guofe-berries. 2. RIBES oxycanthoides. Mountain Wild Goofe- . Oerty. Thefe grow to the fize of the common Goofe- ber- ry, but have fmaller ftems and not branching fo much; but near the earth are often prickly on all fides. The leaves are fmaller but have the fame appearance. The fruit is alfo much fmaller but of an agreeable tafte when ripe. This either by a little culture becomes {mooth, otherwife we have a different kind, not more prickly than the common. 3. RIBES ( 733 ) 3, RiBeEs cynofbati. Prickly fruited Wild | — Goofe-berry. | This grows naturally in Canada and the upper parts of Pennfylvania; and much refembles the other, except in having its fruit covered on all fides with foftifh prickles. | | Be OB bin Park. ROBINIA, or FALSE-ACACIA. Qlafs 17. Order 3. Diadelphia Decandria. "THE Empalement is of one leaf, finall, bell-fhaped, and four- toothed: the three inferior flender; the fuperior fourth of double the width, and flightly emarginated; all equal in length. | The Corolla Butter fly-thaped. The Standard roundith, large, {preading and obtufe. The Wings oblong, ovate, free: with very fhort, obtufe ap- pendages. Bi | The Keel almoft femi-orbiculate, compreffed, obtufe, and the length of the wings. The Stamina are Filaments in two fets, or bodies; (one fimple, the other nine-cleft) rifing above. the Anthere roundith. The Germen cylindrical, oblong. The Style thread-form, bent upward. The Stigma villous before. at the apex of the ftyle. The Seed-ye(Jel large, compreffed, gibbous, and long. The Seeds few, kidney-form. The Species with us, are, x, Ropinta Pfeud-Acacia. White flowering Robinia, or Locufi-Tree. This grows naturally in feveral of thefe States; riffing to the height of forty or fifty feet, with a trunk of eighteen or twenty inches in diameter, di- viding i a4 viding into many branches which are armed with fhort, ftrong fpines. The bark is darkith coloured © and rough. ‘he leaves are winged and generally compofed of eight or ten pair of {mall, oval lobes, © terminated by an odd one; entire, of a bright green and fitting clofeto the midrib. The flowers are pro- duced from the fides of the branches in long pendu- lous bunches, each having a feparate footftalk ; they are white, of a butterfly fhape and {weet fmelling ; and are fucceeded by comprefled pods, of three or four inches in length and half an inch in width, con- taining feveral hard, kidney-fhaped feeds. The tim- ber is very durable, and ufed for pofts to fet in the — earth, and other purpofes; therefore, the propaga- tion of it might be well worthy of attention. Its natural place of growth isin a rich moift foil. 2, Ropinia rofea. Rofe coloured Robinia, This fpreads much from its running roots, fend- ing up weak branching ftalks, to the height of fix or eight feet, but often flowering much fmaller. ‘The whole plant, with the footftalks of the leaves and flowers, are clofely armed with foft, purplifh fpimes. ‘The leaves are winged and compofed of five or fix sair of oval, concave lobes, terminated by an odd one, with their midribs protruding in fhort briftly points. ‘The flowers are larger than thofe of the other kind and of a Peach bloffom colour, with their ftamina diftinaly in two bodies; whereas thofe of the other are frequently all joined at the batfe. This is a beautiful fowering fhrub, fometimes flow- ering twice or more in a feafon, but feldom produc- ing feeds. There are feveral other varieties differ- ing fomewhat in their pods or colour of their flow- ers. ROSA. C M35 + CR GRIES tA Th ROSENBU SH. i : ihe | Clafs 12. Order 5. Icofandria Polygynia. "THE Empalement is of one leaf. The tube bellied; narrow- ed at the neck; the border fpreading, five parted and glo- bous: the divifions long, narrow and pointed. The Corolla is compofed of five petals, heart-fhaped, the length of the empalement, and inferted in its neck. The Stamina are very many, capillary, very fhort, and inferted inthe neck of theempalement. The Stigmas obtufe. The Seed-veffel is flethy, top-ihaped, coloured, and of one cell. The Seeds numerous, oblong, hairy, and joined within on al! fides of the Seed-veffel. The Species, uative with us, are, 1. Rosa carolinenfis. Wild Virgiman Rofe. This rifes with feveral ftalks to the height of five or fix feet, fomewhat prickly, as are alfo the foot- {talks of the leaves and flowers. The leaves are compofed of four or five pair of lobes terminated with an odd one, which are fomewhat fpear-fhaped and fawed on their edges. ‘The flowers are fingle, of a red colour and late coming. 2.Rosa paluftris. Swamp Pennfyhvanian Rofe. ONE This grows generally in fwamps; rifing to the height of four or five feet, with ereét,; and very prickly ftems, branching out at top in a regular head. The leaves are compofed of three pair of lobes, terminated by an odd one, of an oblong, oval | fhape ( 136) fhape and flightly ferrated, joined to a common foot{talk with a few {pines underneath. The flowers are fingle and of a damafk colour; the hips or feed- veflels are of a dark red, roundifh, depreffed, prick- dy or briftly, and very clammy to the touch. 3. Rosa humilis. Dwarf Penn/ylvanian Rofe. This rifes with feveral flender ftems to the height of two or three feet; covered with a brownifh green bark, and armed with a few fharp fpines. ‘Ihe leaves are compofed of. three or four pair of lobes, and an odd one, of an oblong egg-fhape and fharply fawed on their edges. The leaves of the flower cup have often linear, leaffy elongations. The flowers are fingle and of a pale reddifh colour. 4. Rosa pennfylvanica plena. Double Penn- Sylvanian Rofe. This very much refembles the laft defcribed in growth and appearance, except in having a double flower. RUBU 5S. The RASPBERRY BUSH and BRAMBLE. Clafs 12. Order 5. Icofandria Polygynia. THE Empalement is of one leaf, five-parted: the divifions oblong, fpreading and permanent. The Corolla is of five petals, roundifh, fomewhat fpreading, vd the length of the Empalement and inferted into it. The Filaments are numetfous, fhorter than the petals, and in- ferted in the Empalement. The Anthere are roundith and compreffed. The Germen are numerous. The Styles {mall, capillary, and arifing from the fides of the germen. The Stigmas fimple — and permanent. The ( 137 ) The Seed-veffel a compound berry: the aeini roundith, collett- edin a convex head, concave beneath; and each with one cell. The Seeds ue and oblong; their receptacle cyeicel The Species, with us, are, 1, Rusus fruticofus. Common Blackberry 7 7g Al This. rifes generally (with feveral ftalks from the fame root) to the height of four or five feet, but fometimes to eight or ten: which are fomewhat an- gled, and pretty thick fet with fharp prickles. The | leaves are compofed of thr¢e-lobes, -the fide ones of — which are. often.divided; moftly egg-fhaped, point« ed, acutely and. unequally fawed on their edges, a little hairy underneath, and joined to.a pretty long prickly. footftalk, the middle one extending fome little diftance from the others. This is generally well furnifhed-with flowers, which often ftand upon panicled, or divided footftalks, and are fucceeded by black fruit when ripe. 2. Ruavs hifpids Aiieleian Dewberry Buf. eM is matieli {maller than the other, heats feve- ral flender weak ftems, which often trail on the ground to a confiderable diltance. The leaves very much refemble thofe of the Blackberry, but are ge- nerally fmaller. The fruit is alfo fmaller, rounder and blacker; and fupported upon long; fimple, prick- y footftalks. 3. Rusus fa ( 138 )) 2, “‘Ruavs. canadenfis.. “Smooth talked Canadian -Branble. ) This is gages to grow in Canada aig pur plifh talks without prickles, ‘The leaves are fingered; com- pofed of ten, five, and three lobes, which are very Batt Jance-thaped, and fharply_ lesrated. 4. Rusus occidentalis. “American Rajpberry. >This rifes with’a'round prickly ftalk, of fevén‘ or dight feet’ in length, which often “defcends again to the earth in a femitcircular manner, fometimes tak- _ ing root. «The ftalks are’covered' with a thin bluith , feum or mift; and*furnthed | with trifoliate: leaves. The lobes are fomewhat heart, or’egg-fhaped;- cut and fawed on their edges, whitifh' and downy under- neath, thé lateral ones fometimes divided, the com- mon footftalk pretty "long; and ‘the middle or termi- fal lobe-a little fubtended. The flowers are produ- céd at the extremity'of the branches ‘in a kind of ra- -cenius or bunch,’ and are fucceeded by finall fruit of a reddifh black colour when ripe; the acini of which are ee ‘ails entire ie the conical erey Ne t | e “‘Ruavs odoratus. Virginian Rfecowering ~ON ot BNI as cig HWA This. rifes. "with saneiibts ‘woody flalks, ‘cae prickles, to, the height of three or four feét,; cover- ed with a brown {caly bark. he leaves are fingle, large, palmated,or divided into five or more pointed lobes, fharply fawed on their edges, a little hairy, and joined to pretty longs hairy footftalks. The flowers are produced inoa kind of panicle at the ex- Aremity of the branches, of a curdled reddifh colour ; refembling J® ret apa rs ee ( 339°) refembling-a {mall fingle Rofe, both in their petals, and divifions of their flower cups which are villous, and terminate in leaffy elongations. This grows na- turally on rocky mountains in Pennfylvania and Vir- ginia, and makes an agreeable appearance by a long fucceffion of rofe-fhaped Hower. eA exp x: Th WILLOW-TREE. Clafs 22. Order 2, Dioecia Diandria. ‘ RE Male Flowers are difpofed in a common, oblong, im- bricated katkin, with an involucrum formed of the bud. The Scales are one-flowered, oblong, plain, and fpread- ing. It hath no petals; but a very fmall, cylindrical, truncat- ed, honey-bearing Gland, or Neéttarium, in the cen- ter of the flower. The Filaments. are two, ftraight, and thread form. The An- there are twin, and four- cell d. * The Female have a katkin and ye as the male. The Petals none. The Germen ovate, and leffened into a Style fcarce diftinct, fome-~ what longer than the Scales of the flower- -cup. The Stigmas two, bifid and erett. The Seed-vefJel a capfule, ovate-awl-fhaped, of one cell and two valves: the valves revolute. The Seeds are numerous, ovate, very {mall, and crowned with a fimple hairy Pappus. | | ‘ The Species, native with us, are, * With fmooth ferrated leaves. 1.SALIx nigra. Rough American Willow. This rifes often with a leaning or crooked brivtik to the height of about twenty feet, covered witha | dark ~~ 2, ( mo ) Cee dark coloured, rough bark. The leaves are fmooth and of equal colour on both fides; narrow, lance- fhaped, and very flightly ferrated. The katkins are tong and flender. te Bh ** With ferrated villofe leaves. 2. SALIX fericea. Ozier, or Silky leaved Wil- : low. This rifes generally to the height of eight or ten feet, with many fhrubby ftalks, covered with pretty fmooth, dark, greenifh bark. The leaves are fhort- er and fomewhat broader than the other kind, lance- fhaped, filky underrieath, and very flightly ferrated — on the edges. y ; *** With entire villofe leaves. 3. SALIx humilis. Dwarf Willow. This feldom rifes above three or four feet, with greenifh, fomewhat downy ftalks. The leaves are larger than the other kinds, entire, oblong, fome- what oval, and glaucous or whitifh underneath. There are fome varieties of larger growth, belong- ing either to this or the laft mentioned kind. SAMBUCUS. The ELDER-TREE. Clafs 5. Order 3, Pentanden Trigynia. ae Empalement is of one leaf, above, very fmall, five-part- ed, and permanent. | The Corolla is of one petal, concave wheel-fhaped, part five- cleft, obtufe, the divifions reflexed. _ | me | e J eS The Filaments five, awl-thaped, the length of the corolla. The Anthere roundith. bagi | The Germen beneath, ovate, obtufe. The Style none, but is its place a bellied Gland. The Stigmas three, obtufe. The Seed-vefJel a roundifh berry of one cell. * The Seeds three, angular on one fide and convex on the other. The Species, with us, are, 1, SamBucus nigra. American Black-berried Elder. | This rifes generally to the height of fix or eight feet, with a {tem fometimes of two or three inches in diameter. The leaves are generally compofed of three pair of lobes and an odd one, which are fome- what oval, pointed, fharply fawed on their edges, a little hairy on both fides, light coloured under- neath and joined to pretty large, channelled foot- ftalks, placed oppofite. ‘The flowers are produced at the extremities of the fame year’s fhoots in a kind of umbel, of five principal parts, again divided: they are white and are fucceeded by berries which are blackifh when ripe. An infufion of the inner bark is purgative. From the berries may be pre- pared a fpirit, a wine, and an oil, which promote urine, perfpiration and iweat. t 2. SamMBucus canadenfis. Canadian Red-ber- rica Elder. This grows naturally upon Mountain fides, or moilt, rich, fhaded places, in the back parts of Penn- fylvania. It has much the appearance of the other kind, but produces red berries, which are ripe the latter end of June, at the time the other is in flower. SMILAX. ( 142) s Ml 1 L A x ROUGH BINDWEED, or GREEN BRIAR. Clafs 22. Order "4 Ditece Hexandria. HE Male.bave Empalements of ‘fix leaves, of a {preading bell-thape; the leaves are oblong, joined at the bale, fpreading and reflexed at the apex. The Corolla none. The Filaments are fix, fimple:. The: Anihere oblong. * The Female have Empalements as the male, deciduous. The Corolla none. ‘The Germen ovate. The Styles nore very pial — The Stigmas oblong, reflexed, downy. ; The Seed- ve(Jel a globofe berry, me three cells. The Seeds two, globofe. e@aa . The haat with us, ye * Wi He a ‘Layout ih fem. I, OMILAX Babine luy leaved rough BLindweed, or Sarfaparilla, | This grows naturally in Virginia and to the fouth- ward, rifing up with prickly, angular ftalks. The° leaves are without prickles, oval {haped, PORTE. and three nerved. 2. OMT L Ax virginiana. Lanceolate-leaved rough Bindweed, The ftalks of this are flender, angular and prickly. The leaves are without fpines, {pear-fhaped and pointed; their bafes not. cared. | ae Wah ( 143° ) *% With a round. prickly em SMILAx rotundifolia. Canadian ‘round leavéd Smilax. ~The ftalks of this’ are round and winding) with a few ftraisht fpines. ©The leaves are’ heart-fhaped, without {pines, five-nerved, narnia mitt Rips stig with two flender clafpersy) + 188 ‘ SMILAX laurifoliay Bay leave nity) Bind- weed. “~ a This hath a slid flalk, aimed pits nee or fpines. The leaves are of an oval lance- fhape, with- out fpines, and'of ‘thicker confiftence than thofe of the other fpecies.' ‘Uhe flowers are {mall’ and whit ifh, the berries black when ripés?/ col BOY 6 oriiod —— tamnoides.’ ‘Bryony leaved rid nBendwees, “phe fieinig ae this ate’ armed with’ prea arid round; ‘climing upon the neighbouring trées for fup- port. "The leaves are without’ fpines, of am ‘oblong heart-fhape and five nerved. ‘The berries are black: 6. SMILAX man Three-neryed-leaved rough ) | Bindweed. This rifes with round, naked, winding ftalks, armed with many firaight, black pointed {pines and covered with a green bark. The leaves are ovate, ‘pointed, three nerved and annual. ewe berries black. “#4 With ( 144 ) ae* With a /quare Smooth fem 7- SMILAX bona nox. Caroliman prickly leav- | ed Smilax, The ftalks of this are angular and without fpines. The leayes.are broad, and ciliated or fet upon the margin with fpines. There is alfo a variety with narrow rough leaves, eared at the bafe and angular. xex® With a Sinoath round’ ftem. 8. SMILAX lanceolata. “Red berried Vurgsanan PM Smilax. - The aioe this are fmooth and round. © The leaves are without {pines and lance- fhaped. ‘The berries red coloured. g. Smiuax Pfleudo China. Bafard China. This hath {mooth round ftalks. The leaves are. without {pines, thofe on the ftalks heart-fhaped, but on the. branches lance-fhaped., The berries are black and sans on very long footitalks, “ig: ORB: O'S: The SERVICE TREE, QUICKBEAM, or MOUNTAIN ASB. Clafs:12. Order 3. Icofandria Trigynia. "THE Empalement is of one leaf, concave- fpreading, five- parted and perinanent. The Corolla is of five petals, roundith, concave and inferted in the Empalement. The Filaments twenty, awl-fhaped, and inferted in the Empale- ment. The Anthere roundith. The ( 45 ) The Germen beneath. The Styles three, thread-form, and erect. The Stigmas headed. The Seed-veffel a berry, foft, globofe, and umbilicated. The Seeds thtee, fomewhat oblong, diftinét, and cartilaginous. The Species, with us, but one, viz. SorsBus americana. American Service Tree. This grows naturally upon the mountains towards Canada; rifing to the height of about fifteen or eigh- teen feet, with an erect ftem dividing into feveral branches. The leaves are Winged, compofed of eight or nirie pair of lobes, terminated by an odd one; which are narrow and fawed on their edges. The flowers are produced at the extremity of the branches in form of an umbel, and are fucceeded by © toundifh berries of a red colour when ripe: SPE Rd A, SPIR BA. Clafs 12. Order 4. Icofandria Pentagynia. [HE Ewpalement is of one leaf, half five-cleft, and plané at the bafe: the divifions acute; permanent. | The Coroila of five petals, oblong-rounded, and inferted in the calyx. | The Filaments above twenty, thread-form, fhorter than the co- rolla, and inferted inthe calyx. ‘The Anthere roundith. The Germen five or more. The Styles as many, thread-form, and the length of the Stamina. The Stigmas headed. — The Seed-vefJels capfules, oblong, fharp-pointed, compreffed and two valved. The Seeds few, tharp-pointed and {mall. , Obf. S. opulifolia has three Styles. ares; | The ee lta ' Phe es a The Species, with sg are, i, SPIREA ‘hypericifolia. Canadian § Spirea, 0 or Aypericum-frutex. i This rifes generally to the height of four or five © feet, dividing into many flender branches, and co- © vered witha dark brown bark. |The leaves are ob- © long, entire, and {mooth, refembling thofe of St. - John’s-wort, and placed oppofite. The flowers are _ yellow, and difpofed in fmall umbels, fitting clofe | to the ftalks, each having a long, flender footftalk; _ and are fucceeded by oblong, pointed capfules, filled | with fmall feeds. This makes a very good appear- — ance when in flower. | 2. Sprr#A opulifolia. Guelder Refcleaved Spirea, or Nine-Bark, This rifes with many fhrubby branching ftalks, ‘covered with a brown {caly bark, to the height of five or fix feet. The leaves are fomewhat three | ‘ parted, the two fide divifions or lobes fmall, obtufe — and near the bafe; the middle one large and point- — ed; they arealfo flightly crenated and fawed on their — edges. The flowers are produced at the extremity — ef the branches, in form of a corymbus or clufter: — they are white with fome fpots of pale red, and are fucceeded by clufters of greenifh, inflated cap- fules. SPIRJEA Nice cher atiee Covilinims Guelder Rofe-leaved Spiraea. This is a variety of the former, and refembles it much 1 in growth and appearance. (3. SPIRAEA ( 147 ) . SPIR#A tomentofa. Scarlet flowered Philadel- phian Spiraa. This grows. naturally in Pennfylvania; rifing with flender, branching ftalks to the height of three or four feet, having a purple bark, covered with a grey meally down. The leaves are {mall, f{pear- fhaped, unequally fawed on their edges, of a bright green on their upper fides, but downy and veined underneath. The flowers terminate the branches in form of a racemus or bunch; they are {mall and of a beautiful red colour. 4. Spir#a tomentofa alba. White flowered Phila- delphian Spiraea. This is a variety of the former; rifing with flen- der ftalks to the height of four or five feet.. The leaves are {mall and of thin texture, of an oblong oval, or fomewhat wedge thape, flightly and fharp- _ ly fawed on their edges, and a little downy on both fides. The flowers are produced in manner of the former, of a beautiful white, making a pretty, ap- pearance. This is called Indian Pipe Shank, from the pithy {tems being uled by the natives for that BHEpOHS STA PHYLA, BLADDER-NUT-TREE. Clafs 5. Order 3. ,. Pentandria Trigynia. THE Empalement is five-parted, concave, roundith, colour- ed, and almoft the fize of the corolla. The Corolla is five petal’d, oblong, erect, and like the calyx. The Nef&arium concave and pitchey- thape in the bottom of the flower. The ( 148 ) The Stamina are five, oblong, erect, and the length of the calyx. The whic ( diet ) which are generally fet pretty thick with fhort, flrong, horizontal {purs or fhort branches, {ftanding oppofite. The bark of the trunk or ftem is dark and rough, but of the young branches finooth. ‘The leaves are of an oblong oval, f{mooth, finely and flightly fer- rated, and placed oppofite upon channelled foot- ftalks. The flowers terminate the branches in four parted cyme; they are white and make a pretty good appearance. ‘The berries are oblong, oval, comprefled and black when ripe. 4. VinurNuM nudum. Tinus leaved, or Swamp Viburnum. This grows naturally in moift or fwampy places, rifing to the height of ten or twelve feet. ‘The bark is {mooth and of the young fhoots purplifh. The leaves are oval, lance-fhaped, of a thick confiftence and lucid green colour: often flightly ferrated, and ftand- ing oppofite. The flowers are produced in manner of the other kinds and are fucceeded by berries of nearly the fame fize and fhape, changing black when ripe. 5. VinurnuM Lentago. Canadian Viburnum, This rifes to the height of about ten or twelve fect, covered with a brown bark, and divided into many branches, which, when young, are covered with a {mooth purplifh bark. The leaves.are fmooth, oval, flightly fawed on their edges, and ftand generally oppofite upon fhort flender footftalks. The flowers are produced in manner of the other kinds and are fucceeded by berries of the fame fhape, and black. when ripe. | xX ; 6. Vipur- (: pe os oH 6. ViBu RNUM alnifolium. Alder-leaved Viburnum. This grows naturally in Carolina and other parts of America; rifing with a fhrubby ftalk to the height of eight or ten feet, covered with a fmooth purplith bark, and divided into feveral branches. The leaves are heart-fhaped, oval, fharp-pointed, deeply fawed on their edges, ftrongly veined, and placed oppofite upon long flender footftalks. The athe are col- lected in large cymes or umbels at the ends of the branches, thofe ranged onthe border are male, but the center is filled with hermaphrodite flowers, which are fucceeded by pretty large, oval berries, red co- loured when ripe. 47. Visurnum triloba. Mountain Viburnum. This grows naturally upon montains in the interior parts of Pennfylvania; rifing with flender ftems to the height of eight or ten feet. The leaves are fome- what like thofe of the Guelder Rofe or Snow-ball tree; they are narrow at the bafe, but fpreading and divided into three fharp-pointed lobes, the middle one largelt, longeft, and fometimes flightly tooth- ed. The flowers are produced in form of the others, and are fucceeded by berries of the fame fhape, of a pretty large fize and red colour when ripe. VISCUM. MISSELTOE Clafs 22. Order 4. Dioecia Tetrandria. *OHE Male Flowers have their Empalements, five-parted; the ) leaves oval and equal. They have no petals. The Filaments or rather Anthere are four, oblong and pointed, joined to the leaves of the calyx, vi e ( 163 ) *The Female have Empalements, four leaved; the leaves oval, fmall, fitting clofe, deciduous and placed upon the germen. They have no petals. | The Germen are oblong, three-fided, their margins crowned, _, obfolete, four-cleft, and beneath. The Styles none. ‘The Stigmas obtufe. The Seed-vefJels berries, which are globofe, fmooth, and of of one cell. The Seeds fingle, fomewhat heart-fhaped, compreffed and flefhy. The Species, with us, are, 1. Viscum rubrum. Red berried Miffeltoe. This grows upon the branches of trees and is not found growing in the earth as other plants. It rifes with flender woody ftalks, feveral inches in height, {preading and forming a tuft or bufh. The leaves are lance-{haped and obtufe. ‘The flowers are pro- duced in {pikes from the fides of the ftalks, and thofe of the female are fucceeded by roundifh red berries, containing each one heart-{haped, comprefled feed, furrounded by a tough vifcid fubftance. 2. Viscum purpureum. Purple-berried Mifeltoe. This alfo rifes up from the branches of trees like the other. ‘The leaves are inverfe-egg-fhaped, or oval and narrowed towards the bafe. The flowers come outin racemi or bunches from the fides of the’ ftalks; the female of which are fucceeded by berries of a purple colour when ripe. ; There is a variety of this with yellow leaves, refem- bling thofe of the box; the berries are alfo produced in bunches and are of a {nowy white when ripe. Miffeltoe is moft frequently found growing upon the Nyfla Sylvatica or Sour Gum, in the middle ~ States, but to the fouthward upon oaks. It is pro- pagated by birds feeding upon the berries, the ree O ( 164 ) of which, fometimes by their glutinofity adhere to the outfide of their beaks, and are thus tranfported to neighbouring trees, and being wiped off upon their branches, {tick faft, and germinate, producin new plants. From the berries of Miffeltoe, Birdlime was formerly made; but for this purpofe thofe of the common Holly are faid to be better. This plant hath been much recommended for the cure of Epilepfies. VI 7 TS. The iV. i> tc. Clafs 5. Order 1. Pentandria Monogynia. "THE Empalement is five toothed and very fmall. The Petals are five, rude, fmall, and falling off. The Filaments are five, awl-fhaped, a little fpreading, and fall- ing off.. The Anthere are fimple. The Germen ovate. ‘Ihe Style none. The Stigma obtufe-head- ed. The Seed-vefJel a berry, roundifh, large, and of one cell. The Seeds are five, hard, end-bitten at one end, and confratt- ed at the other. The Species, with us, are, 1, ViTIs arborea. Carolinian Vine, or Pepper- Tree, This grows naturally in Carolina, rifing with flen- der, ligneous, climbing ftalks, and faftening them- felves by tendrils to any neighbouring fupport. The leaves are branching and winged, compofed general- ly of two fide branches of five leaves each, two of three leaves, and terminating with three; which are {mall and fomewhat toothed. ‘The flowers are pro- duced in loefe clufters from the wings of the —_ ; they C65) they are {mall and white, and are fucceeded by fimall berries of a purplifh colour when ripe. 2. Vitis vinifera americana. American Grape Vine. | There are many varieties of this, which generally rife up with ftrong ftems, climbing by tendrils or clafpers upon neighbouring trees for fupport, often to the height of thirty or forty feet, and of two, three or four inches in diameter; covered with a dark, rough, loofe bark. ‘The leaves are generally heart-fhaped and fomewhat three lobed; fawed on © their edges, and downy or hairy underneath. ‘Vhe grapes are produced in bunches, :in form of the Eu- ropean kinds, generally between the fize of a Cur- rant and Goofeberry: darkifh coloured, or with a light bluifh caft, and for the moft part of an acid agreeable talte. 2, ViTis vulpina. fox-Grape Vine. This in manner of growth hath much the appear- ance of the other kinds. The leaves are generally larger, and {mooth, but whitifh underneath. The fruit or grapes are about the fize of a common cher- ry and have a itrong fcent, a little approaching to that of a Fox, whence the name of Fox-grape. There are alfo varieties of this, fome with whitifh or reddifh fruit which is generally moft efteemed, and others with black, of which are our largeft grapes. 4. Vitis Labrufca. Wild American Vine. The ftems of this have the appearance of our other kinds, ‘The leaves are generally lefs and of a thinner ree 8 thinner texture. The berries or grapes are. produ- ced in loofe bunches; they are fmall, and are of feveral kinds, fome reddifh, others of a fhining black, and fome of a bluith colour; all of an acerb difagreeable tafte. | g. Vitis laciniofa. Canadian Parfley+leaved Bits Vine. The ftalks and branches of this refemble the others. The leaves are cut into many flender feg- ments, fomewhat in manner of a Parfley-leaf. The grapes are round and white, and are produced in loofe bunches; they are late ripe and not very well flavoured. XANTHOXYLUM. The TOOTH-ACH TREE. Clafs 22, Order 5. Dioecia Pentandria. **T HE Male Flowers have Empalements four-parted; the leaves oval, erect and coloured. phey have no Petals. The Filaments in each are generally five, awl-fhaped, ereét and longer than the calyx. The Anthere are twin, roundith and furrowed. * The Female have Empalements as the male. They have no Petals. The Germen in each are generally five, often lefs, with fhort footftalks, oval and ending in as many awl-thaped Styles. The Stigmas are obtufe. The Seed-vefJels are Capfules, of the fame number with the ger- men, oblong, of one cell and two valves. The Seeds are fingle, roundith and fmooth. The a 67) The Species, with us, XANTHOXYLUM fraxinifolium, Afb-leaved Tooth- ach Tree. This grows naturally in Pennfylvania and Mary- land; rifing with a pretty flrong ftem to the height of ten or twelve feet; and dividing in many branch- --es, which are covered with a purplifh bark, and armed at each bud with two ftrong, fharp fpines. The leaves are compofed of four or five pair of lobes, terminated by an odd one; which are entire and of an oblong egg-fhape, placed oppofite and fitting clofe to the common footftalk, which is alfo fet with a few {pines underneath. ‘The flowers are produced along the branches, upon fhort collected footftalks; and thofe of the female are each fucceeded, for the moft part, with five diftinét, oval capfules, joined by fhort footftalks to the common receptacle, and {preading above; each. containing one roundifh, {mooth feed. There is faid to be another, Species, or perhaps Variety, of this in South Carolina, differing in hav-, ing the lobes of their leaves lanee-fhaped, fawed on their edges and having footftalks. The bark and capfules are of a hot acrid tafte, and are ufed for eafing the tooth-ach, from whence it obtained the name of Tooth-ach Tree: a tindture of them are alfo much commended for the cure of the Rheuma- tifm. XANTHORHIZA. SHRUB YELLOW ROOT. Clafs 5. Order 6. Pentandria Polygynia. THE Empalement none. The Corolla is of five petals, lance-fhaped, pointed and fpreading. The ( 168 ) The Nefarium crowning the corolla, of five {mall leaves, fomewhat two-lobed: the lobes very f{mall, roundifh, _ or rather runcinate, and inferted by flender claws in _ the common receptacle, alternating with the petals. sho Filaments five, fhort and thread-form. The Anthere round- ith. . The Germen feveral, moft frequently from feven to eleven, fmall and ending in as many awl-fhaped, dhort, incurved Styles. The Stigmas acute. The Seed-ve/Jels as many Capfules; which are fmall, fomewhat oval, compreffed, oblique pointed, of one cell and two valves, joined at their bafe to the common receptacle, and {preading above. 7 The Seeds are fingle in each cell, fmall, fomewhat ovate and lightly comprefled Ob/. The petals are fometimes fix in number. The number of Stamina are alfo fometimes increafed. The Species but one, viz. XANTHORHIZA fimpliciffima. Shurb Yellow Root. This is a {mall fhrub, growing naturally in Caro- lina. The roots are flender and eylindrical, but fending off fide fhoots by which it fpreads much; the wood of which, together with that of the ftems, are of a bright yellow colour. The ftems are flender, rifing to the height of two feet or more, generally fimple, or without branches, and covered with a lightifh brown bark. ‘The leaves are compound, confifting of two pair of oppofite lobes, terminated by an odd one; the lobes are much and deeply cut or cleft on their edges, (fomewhat in form of Gar- den Lovage) and joined to very long, common foot- ftalks, coming out from the tops of the {tems. The flowers are produced at the top of the former year’s growth, ina compound or panicled racemus; having their partial footftalks generally three flowered; they are eG eo 29 are {mall and purplifh coloured, and are fucceeded by little heads of {mall, compreffed capfules, each enclofing one fmall feed. The flowers on the par- tial or {mall footftalks, are not produced at once, thofe that are middle-moft or terminal come out firft and are hermaphrodite, and generally barren; thofe on the fides come out later, but one of which is generally fruitful; from whence, I had fuppofed, fome of the flowers were female, and to the contrary of which I am not yet fully corivinced. ~ This fhrub, from the yellownefs of its roots and ftems, it is highly probable, might be employed to good purpofe in dying cloaths, &c. It has hitherto been undefcribed by Botanical writers, though nam- ed in fome late Catalogues in honour of M. Marbois; but having impofed the former name, before I had heard of this, have chofe to retain it as being ex- preflive of its qualities and appearance. ADVERTISEMENT. ph pases of SEEDS, and growing PLANTS, of the Forrest TREEs, FLOWERING SuHrusBs, &c. of the American United States; are made up in the beft manner and at a rea- fonable rate by the Author. All Orders in this line, directed for Humphry Mar/hall, of Chefter County, Pennfylvania; to the Care of Dr. THomMas PaRKE, 1n Philadelphia, will be carefully and punctually attended to. % Fpocooocooeooo oes eoopooCoOOOOGO KE $9 coco DEORE SOE DCPE PEPER DEOL D DONIC IDOE INDEX of LATIN GENERIC NAMEs, . CER. | £{culus. Amorpha. Andromeda. Annona. Aralia. Arbutus. Ariftolochia. Afcyrum. Azalea. Baccharis. Berberris. Betula. Betula-Alnus. Bignonia. Callicarpa. Calycanthus. Carpinus. @affine. 1 - Ceanothus. Celaftrus. Celtis. Cephalanthus. Cercis. Chionanthus. Clethra. Cornus. Corylus. Cupreffus. Diofpyros. ' Dirca. Epigea. Euonymus. Fagus. Fagus-Caftanea, Fothergilla. Franklinia. Fraxinus. Gaultheria. Gleditfia. Glycine. Guilandina. Halefia. Hamamelis. © I whedera’ °° Hippophae. ’ Hydrangea. Hypericum. ' Thex. Ttéa."''. uglans. uniperus. > Kalmia.. Laurus. Ledum. Liquidambar. Liriodendrum. Lonicera. Magnolia. - -Menifpermum. Mefpilus. - Mitchella. Morus,. Myrica. Nyffa. Olea. Philadelphus. Pinus. Pinus-Abies. Pinus- Larix. _ Platanus. Populus. Potentilla. Prinos. Prunus. Prunus-Cerafus. Prunus-Lauro-Cera- fus. Ptelea. Pyrola. Pyrus-Malus. Quercus. Rhododendrum. | Rhus. Rhus- Téxicodéndeah Ribes. Robinia. Rofa. . Rubus. Salix. Sambucus. ‘Smilax. Sorbus. Spirea. _ Staphylea. Stewartia. Styrax. Taxus. Thuya. Tilia. Tillandfia. Ulmus. Vacciniuim.. Viburnum, Vifcum. Vitis. Xanthoxylum. Xanthorhiza. . INDEX (1m) INDEX - ENGLISH Rindiess A iA ACIA, falfe,. Page. 133 Acacia, Hine thorned, 53 Alder, Allfpice, Carolinian, Angelica Tree, Apple, Cuftard, Arbor Vite, Arbutus, Trailing, Arrow Wood, Ath, Ath, Mountain, Ath, Poifon, Afp, or Afpen Tree, Azarole, BRB. Balm of Gilead Fir, Balfam Tree, Barberry, Bay, | Bay, Dwarf Rofe, Bay, Sweet flowering, Bean free, Kidney, Bear-berries, Beech, : Bell Tree, Silver, Benjamin Tree, Berry, Winter, Bilberry, Bindweed, Rough, Birch, Bird Cherry, Birthwort, | Black-berry. Bladder-Nut, Bonduc, Briar, Briar, Green, Buck-Thorn, Sea, © Burning buth, | Button Tree, or Wood, Button Wood, Large C Candleberries, Catalpa, Cedar, Red Cedar,’ White Cherry Wild, or Bird, Cherry, Dwarf, Chefnut, Chefnut, Horfe Chinquepin, Cinguefoil, Ciftus, Marth Coffee, Kentucky, Cornel Tree, Cotton free, Carolinian Crab Tree, Cranberries, Creeper, Virginian Crofs Vine, Cucumber Tree, Currants, Cuftard Apple, Cyprefs, D Date Plumb, Dewberry Buth, Dogberry, Dog Wood, E Elder, Elm, { Evonymus, Climing, Page. — 60 44 “ 105 118 Fern, Fern, Sweet, «Fir, Fox Grape, Fringe Tree, G Gale, Bog, Gilead, Balm of Goofeberry, Goofeberry, Indian Grape, - Groundfel Tree, Gum, Sour Guin, Sweet H Hawthorn, or Haw, Haw, Black Hazel, _ Hazel, Witch - Hemlock Spruce, | Hep-Tree, _ Hickery, Holly, _ Honey Locuft, _ Honey-fuckle, - Honey-fuckle, Upright _ Horn-beam, Horfe Chefnut, I Jafmine, Yellow, | Jerfey Yea, Indian Arrow Wood, Indian Pipe-Shank, Ink-Berry, . Indigo, Baftard Johnfonia, ‘Iron Wood, Carolinian | Judas- Tree, Ivy, | ; 95 Gale, Spleenwort-leaved, 77 JOR | Kidney Bean Tree, L Laurel, American Laurel, Mountain Leather Wood Lime, or Linden Tree, Lime, Ozeche, ,, Locuft Tree, M Maple, Meally Tree, Pliant Medlar, Miffeltoe, Mock Orange, Moon-feed, Mofs-berries, ‘Mountain Tea, Mulberry Tree, Myrtle, Candleberry, N Nettle Tree, Nickar Tree, Nine-Bark, Nut, Bladder Nut, Hazel. O Oak, Oak, Poifon Olive, ne Orange, Mock: P Papaw-Tree, Paragua Tea, Locuft Tree, Hower Page. Pavia, Pepper- Tree, Perfimmon Tree,‘ ~ Pig-nut, Pine Tree, Pipe-thank, Indian _ Plane Tree, Pliant Meally Tree, Plowman’s Spikenard, | Plumb Tree, Plumb, Indian Date S Poifon Afh, Poifon Surmach, Poifon Oak, Poifon Vine, i Poplar, Poplar, (commonly fo called) 78 Quickbeam, . R 7 Rafpberry, Red-bud, Red-buds,, Red-Rod, Red-Root, Rofe, Rofe Bay, Dwarf Rofemary, Wild’ S Saint John’s-Wort, Saint Peter’ s-Wort, Saffafras, Saffafras, Swamp _ Service,’Tree, Service Tree, Wild Snow-drop Tree, Sorrel-Tree, Sour Gum, Spice Wood, Spindle Tree, - 105 Pag? 28 - Staff Tree, | Stag’s-horn-Tree, 129 : Storax Tree, | 149 © | Storax, Liquid tt | Sugar Tree. is oa So: | Sumach, it 127 | Sweet Gum, 1 Poe. 3 Tacamahac Tree, - 167 Tea, New-Jerfey | thot Tea, Mountain, 52 Tea, South Sea Ioiaty: | Wa | horn, Black 160 Thorn, White 88 ‘Footh-ach Tree, »;. 166 Trefoil, Shrub 114 | Tree of Life, 151 Trumpet flower, 20 | Tulip Tree, 78 Tulip Tree, Laurel-leaved 32 | Tupelo Tree, 95 | U : | ‘Umbrella-Tree, 84 : V Tine, ee 164 ‘Vine, Climing ave! eleaved 59 ‘| Vine, Poifon 131 | Walnut, 65 Way-faring Tree, 159 Whortle Berry, 156 Willow Tree, 139 Winter Green, | 115 Witch Hazel, | 53 Y | Yellow Root, 167 Yew, 159. Yapon, Se 206 . ~ne" ree Prayewrs Yrwne ey , | ~~ 2920 hk G2 —PFOrne* pote beh ED BRE i torent Metall ‘ be | ‘ . : > how ee nee ud PRAQMILZ. reg * Op 7 ay PO = . ay ; | ATG 2 at Lae TOPO ; , PRE 5 ON a pee Dr ies AA a ARATE ” E F - - Mabey A +:0PE ihe i iy th ¥ ; Ly ey vy nt ’ ——-.---- SSS SSS SSS =.